The flora of British India /By J. D. Hooker assisted by various botanists. Published under the authority of the secretary of state for India in council.

FLORA

BRITISH INDIA.

Dates of Publication of the Several Parts of this Volume. |

Part XVII. pp. 1-224, was published Dec. 1890. |
» XVIII. pp. 225-448

^ July 1892.
» XIX. pp. 449-672 » Sept. 1893.

» XX. pp.673toend , April 1894.

FLORA OF BRITISH INDIA.

BY

SIR J. D. HOOKER, C.B., K.C.S.I.

M.D,, F.R.S., D.C.L. OXON., LL.D. CANTAB.
CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE INSTITUTE OF FRANCE, AND HON, MEMBER OF THE

ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.

ASSISTED BY VARIOUS BOTANISTS.

VOL. VI.

ORCHIDEZX TO CYPERACE.E.

PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR
INDIA IN COUNCIL.

Mo. Bof* Garden,

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1896.

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1894.

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FLORA OF BRITISH INDIA.

Orpver CXLVIII. ORCHIDEJE.
Continued from Vol. v. p. 858.
TaisE II. Vandesze. (See Vol. v. p. 671.)
39. EULOPHIA, Br.

Terrestrial quite glabrous herbs; rhizome tuberous, rarely pseudo-
bulbous. Leaves appearing with or after the flowers, plaited. ` Scape
lateral, flowers racemose, rarely panicled. Sepals and petals free, spreading.
Lip erect from the base or foot of the column; base saccate or witha
mentum or short spur; lateral lobes erect, embracing the column, rarely 0;
midlobe spreading or recurved; disk crested, softly spinous or lamellate.
Column short or long, top oblique, entire; anther terminal, 2-celled;
pollinia 2 or 4, sessile or attached by a short strap to a discoid gland of the
rostellum.—Species about 50, tropical, chiefly Asiatic.

I follow Blume, and others, in removing Cyrtopera from Cyrtopodium (where it
is placed in Gen, Plant.), and including it as a section under Eulophia, there being a
direct passage from the species with, to those without, a foot to the column. In
sect. Cyrtopera the lateral sepals are inserted either on the foot of the column, leaving
the spur or sac of the lip free, or their insertion extends along the spur, which then is
technically a mentum. The perianth of Eulophia is undistinguishable from that of
Dipodium, Geodorum, Plocoglottis, and Tainia, of which the two first might but for
habit be united with it; the two latter differ in having creeping rhizomes, usually
solitary leaves, and more than 2 pollinia. CArysoglossum resembles a Eulophia
with the pollinia free from the rostellum.

Sect. I. Eulophia prover. Column not produced into a foot.
* Leaves and flowers coetaneous, or nearly so.

T Pseudobulb very large, epigeal, green. Leaves very narrow. Scape
often branched.

l. E. virens, Brown in Bot. Reg. sub t. 579 (Eulophus); leaves grass-
like, bracts very small ovate acute, sepals linear-oblong subacute or obtuse,
petals elliptic obtuse, lip obovate-oblong, side lobes small, disk with 5-crested
nerves. Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 182; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 24; Wight
Ze, t.913 ; Bot. Mag. t. 5579; Walp. Ann. vi. 647. E. carinata, Lindl. Gen.
& Sp. Orchid. 188. Aerobium carinatum, Spreng. Syst. Veg. iii. 718.
Serapias epidendrea, Retz Obs. vi. 65. Limodorum virens, Swartz in Nov.
Act, Upsal. vi. 79; Roxb. Cor. Pl. i. t. 38; Fl. Ind. ii. 467. L. epiden-
droides, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 124.—Rheede Hort. Mal. xii. t. 26, and ? 25.

BENGAL and the DECCAN PENINSULA; in dry ground, Roxburgh, &c. CEYLON,
in the Central Province, Walker, &c.
VOL. VI. B

bo

CXLVIII oRCHIDEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Eulophia -

Pseudobulb large, conico-obpyriform, ^ Leaves many, 6-10 by $ in. midrib `
stout. Scape 1-3 ft.; sepals 3-1 in., and petals green with reddish nerves ; lip as
long as the sepals, white with red crested nerves; spur short, subcylindric or |

conical.— Rheede's xii. t. 26 is, I think, this ; his t. 25 may be E. graminea.

2. E. graminea, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 13972; Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 182; |
in Journ. Linn. Soe. iii. 23; leaves grass-like, bracts small lanceolate,
sepals lanceolate acuminate and elliptic-lanceolate acute petals tessellate, -
lip obovate-oblong, side lobes small, disk with 3-5 lamellate or crested
nerves which are fimbriate on the rounded midlobe. ^E. inconspicu&
Griff. Notul. 349; Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 326; Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Sot.
iii. 25. :

Assam, Mann. BENGAL, J. D. H., Clarke. TkNAssERIM, Parish. NICOBAR
ISLANDS, Kurz. SINGAPORE, Wallich. MALACCA, Maingay. l'RAvANCORE, Wight.
CEYLON, at Damballa, Trimen. à

Habit of E. virens and colour of flower, but leaves usually shorter, flowers much ,
smaller, and spur cylindric with often a clavate tip.—Cuming's specimens No. 2059

are marked as from Malacca in some collections, from Bohol Island (Philippines)
in others.

tt Roots tuberous, hypogeal. Leaves
unbranched.

§ Lip longer than broad, side lobes short or 0.

elliptic-lanceolate. Scape

3. E. ochreata, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 24; leaves elipt
acuminate, scape with broad loose ochreate sheaths, bracts lanceo at
equalling the ovary, sepals linear-oblong, petals broadly elliptic acute, lip
broadly ovate entire, tip rounded, nerves all fimbriate. Dalz. 5 Gibs.
Bomb. Ft. 265.
The Concan and Canara, Law, Dalzell, Ae, i
Stem stout. Leaves 3-5, 4-10 in., many-nerved, sessile. Scape 10-12 in., very

stout below ; raceme many- and rather dense-fld., bracts }-} in.; sepals 3 in. longi
spur a small sac.

. 4, E. herbacea, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 182; in Journ. Lim.
Soe. iii. 24; bracts very long, flowers large, sepals linear-lanceolate act
minate, petals elliptic or lanceolate obtuse or acute very many-nerved, lip
obovate-oblong, side lobes small rounded, midlobe ovate-oblong, disk with
many fimbriate nerves. Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 265. E. brachypetal&

Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Zoe, ie, E. albiflora, Edgew. mss. Limodorum
bicolor, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 469.

WESTERN HIMALAYA ; Garwhal, alt, 4—7000 ft., toule, Falconer, Edgeworth, &c.
BENGAL, Rozburgh ; at Rungpore, Clarke, Concan, Dalz. A Gibs. l. c.

Stem 4-6 in., rather slender, sheathed. Leaves 6-8 in. linear-lanceolate,
variable in breadth, many-nerved. Scape 2-3 ft., stout ; sheaths large, acuminate;
raceme short, 8-10-fld. ; bracts 11-2 in. ; pedicel with ovary j-l in.; sepals 1j m»
green; petals very variable, white, nerves purple; lip white, nerves yellow ; gpuf
very short, obtuse.— The flowers seem to be often produced before the leaves. Lindley
gives Ceylon, Macrae, as a habitat, probably by the same error as affects E. ezplanatd-

5. E. lachnocheila, Hook. f.; scape stout, raceme lax-fld., bracts
equalling or exceeding the ovary subspathaceous, sepals lanceolate acum!
nate and shorter elliptic petals many-nerved, lip narrow pubescent, side

lobes short rounded, midlobe obovate-oblong retuse, margin waved, disk
deusely softly spiny.

Eulophia. | CXLVIII. ORCHIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 3

Upper BURMA; at Maypongo, Herb. Hort. Calextt.

Tuber globose. Stem 4—6 in. Leaves 2, linear-lanceolate, acuminate. Scape with
the raceme 18 in.; sheaths 2, acuminate; raceme 6-8-fld.; bracts 2—1 in. mem-
branous, linear-lanceolate, subspathaceous; flowers 1 in. diam. ; lateral sepals inserted
at the base of the column; lip shorter than the sepals ; hypochile obovate, as long as

the rather narrower epichile; spur short, cylindric; column rather long.

6. E. bracteosa, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7366; Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 180;
in Journ, Linn. Soc. ii. 23; bracts very long, sepals oblong, tip rounded,
petals broadly obovate very many-nerved, bp narrowly obovate-oblong,
obscurely 3-lobed, disk with 5-crenulate veins. E. grandiflora, Lindl.
Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 181.

KHasrA HILLS; on the north slopes, alt. 3-4000 ft, J. D. H. $ T. T.
CHITTAGONG, Wallich. TENASSERIM, alt. 3500 ft., Parish.

Stem 4-6 in. sheathed. Leaves 1-3, 10-18 in., linear-lanceolate, petioled,
3-nerved. Scape stout, shorter than the leaves, clothed with long sheaths; raceme
short, few-fld.; flowers fleshy; bracts 1-1} in.; sepals 2 in., yellow; lip white or
lilac, streaked; spur short, obtuse. Capsule 1 in.—Lindley’s habitat of Ceylon for
grandiflora is no doubt an error.

7. E. elata, Hook. f.; bracts equalling the ovaries, sepals falcate
lanceolate acuminate 5-nerved, petals elliptic-lanceolate obtuse strongly
d-nerved, lip narrowly ovate-oblong obtuse entire, disk with 3 slender
moniliform nerves.

PERAK, Scortechini, 2023.

Leaves 12-14 in., petioled, elongate, linear-lanceolate. Scape 3} ft., very stout
below, sheaths appressed ; raceme elongate, lax-fld. ; bracts 1-1 in.; sepals as long,
fleshy ; lip equalling the sepals; spur a small sac; column short, stout, hooded ;
young fruit 2 in., deflexed.

8. E. explanata, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 180; bracts shorter
than the ovary, sepals oblong-ovate subacute and broader elliptic petals
5-nerved, lip subpanduriform, base saccate with spreading nerves, disk with
two thick crenate lamellz, midrib greatly thickened and caruncled towards
the truncate emarginate tip. Dipodium scariosum, Herb. Ham.

N PAL; at Maghada, in the Morung, Hamilton. Ncrtu-West INDIA
(Ie. Falconer).

Leaves very young at the flowering time, surrounded at the base, along with 1 or
2 scapes, with short broad 3-1 in. long sheaths. Scape 4-8 in., rather stout, 10-12-fld. ;
bracts 4—4 in.; pedicels with ovary 2 in.; perianth yellow and purplish, spreading,
2—3 in. diam.; lip sessile, base adnate to the lateral sepals; sac or spur broadly
conical, obtuse; column very short.—An anomalous species. Lindley’s specimens
being counterparts of Hamilton’s, his Ceylon habitat is doubtless an error.

§§ Lip broader than long, side lobes short or 0.

9. E. obtusa, Hook. f.; bracts equalling the ovaries, sepals oblong-
lanceolate acute 7-nerved and broadly elliptic obovate obtuse many-nerved
petals tessellate, lip clawed 3-lobed, side lobes rounded, midlobe much longer
oblong, disk with 2 lobed calli at the mouth of the spur and 3-5 thickened
nerves ending in calli within the apex, claw witha reniform callus on each
side. Cyrtopera obtusa, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 190.

NonrH-WrsT INDIA; on the banks of the Tonse river, Royle.

Leaves 12 in., varrowly ensiform. Scape very tall; raceme elongate, lax-fld. ;
bracts 4-4 in., ovate-lanceolate, acuminate; sepals $ in. ; petals rather shorter, but

B

1 oxLvur. OROHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Eulophia.

much broader; lip as long as the sepals; spur conic, acute, curved, placed between
the lateral lobes; column short, stout.—Placed by Lindley in Cyrtopera, but there
is no foot to the column; he also errs in describing the sepals and bracts as obtuse.

10. E. pratensis, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 25; bracts shorter
than the ovary, sepals oblong obtuse 5-nerved, petals subsimilar, lip sessile
broader than long side lobes large oblong rounded, midlobe small semi-
circular, disk with three crenate nerves ending in crenate calli on the mid-
lobe. Dalz. & s. Bomb. Fl. 265. E. ramentacea, Wight Ic. t. 1666
(not of Lindl.).

The DECCAN PENINSULA ; in pastures, from the Concan southwards.

Leaves few, 10-12 in., long-petioled, narrowly lanceolate, strongly 3-nerved.
Scape 1-3 ft.; sheaths acute, appressed; bracts }-2 in., ovate-lanceolate ; sepals
% in. fleshy; spur conical, acute. Capsule 1} in., elliptic, turgid.—The broad lip

is like that of E. macrostachya, Lindley and the Bombay Flora err in describing
this species as leafless when flowering.

1l. E. macrostachya, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 183; in Bot. Reg.
t. 1972; bracts lanceolate, sepals lanceolate acute, petals rather broader,
lip broader than long, side lobes short obtuse, midlobe revolute rounded,

disk 2-lamellate at the base. Bot. Reg. t. 1972; Bot. Mag. t. 6246; Wight
Je, t. 1667-8 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 646.

TRAVANCORE and NILGHIRI Hrs Wight. Cxyton, in the Central Province,
ascending to 4000 ft., Thwaites, &c.

Pseudobulb 2-6 in., fusiform. Leaves 2-3, 6-10 in., petioled, elliptic-lanceolate,

3-nerved. Scape.stout and raceme together 2-3 ft.; sheaths appressed, obtuse;
bracts caducous ; sepals and petals j im,, green ; lip golden yellow with red stripes;
spur a 2-lobed green sac. Capsule 2 in.—

12. E. Mannii, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined. ; scape tall, raceme many-
fid., bracts shorter than the ovary, sepals oblong-lanceolate acute many-
nerved, petals broader eripe many-nerved, lip rhomboidly ovate obtuse
obscurely lobed, disk with branching crested . ii,
Reichb. f. in Flora 1872, 274. g crested nerves, Oprtopera Manni

UPPER Assam, Mann.

Leaves 12 by A in. narrowly linear-lanceolate. Scape with raceme 3 ft.;

sheaths appressed, acute; bracts }~-} in., ovate-lanceolate ; sepals 2 in. long, lip
shorter ; spur conical; column short, clavate.

** Flowers appearing long before the 1
leaves of any species of this subdivision.) eaves. (I have not seen the

13. E. campestris, Wail. Cat. 7617 ; bracts vari
NS . ; ariable, raceme many-
fid., sepals j-3 in. linear-lanceolate acute 5-7-nerved, petals oblanceolate
3 b-nerved, lip cuneate-obovate or oblong, side lobes Short, midlobe orbicu-
ar quadrate or oblong crenulate, disk with 3 central nerves lamellate

at the base and tubercled or spinulose on the midlob j

e e. Lindl. Gen. & Sp.

rr hid: 185 ; in Journ. Linn. Soc, iii. 24 (excl, syn. Wight) ru ine di

Ca E. romentacen A Japestris, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1367, 7368; Gen.
. id. 185; i . Linn. iii. 25 Ven ji J

Journ. Linn. Soc. iti. 29. Limodorum Zeus en fe uca, Lind). in

Limodorum ramentaeeum, Roxb. Hort. B

63; Fl, Ind. iii. 467. L. dubium, Ham leta Dali Don" rods.

jnadinm Do , . mss, Bl :

30. Dipodium ramentaceum, Herb. Ham. 8 etia Dabia, Don Prodr
PLAINS oF INDIA; fi th : .

the Decean.—Distris, Afghanistan, Panjab to Oudh, Bengal, Chittagong, and

Eulophia. | CXLVIII. oRCHIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 5

Scape 6-18 in., stout or slender from a deformed tuber; sheaths subappressed,
acute ; flowers many, subsecund ; sepals slightly attached to the base of the lip,
variable in breadth, acute or acuminate, yellow or green striped with pink; petals
narrower ; lip as long as the sepals, side lobes rounded or subacute, midlobe usually
purple; spur conical, subclavate or subacute; column rather slender. Capsule 3 in.,
ellipsoid.—The lip of E. hemileuca is rather tubercled than spinulose.

14. E. stenopetala, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 96 ; scape-sheaths
loose, bracts longer than the ovaries, raceme few-fld., sepals 3 in. linear-
oblong 5-nerved, petals lancéolate acuminate 3-nerved, lip broadly cuneate,
side lobes rounded much larger than the suborbicular crisped midlobe, disk
with 3 nerves.tubercled between the side lobes and on the midlobe.

Buotan HIMALAYA; dry hills at Punaka, Grifith.

Scape 12-18 in., slender; sheaths obtuse; bracts j-2 in.; lip as long as the
Sepals, spur clavellate.—Specimens indifferent. Very near E. campestris, but the
lip is much broader and side lobes more spreading.

15. E. decipiens, Griff. in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlvii. 155, t. 13,
f. 8-12; flowers secund, bracts’ minute, sepals and petals i in. linear
hardly falcate acute 5-nerved, lip obovate concave 3-lobed above the middle,
midlobe much the largest, margin crisped, disk 5-nerved at the base, 10-13-
nerved in the middle of which 4-5 form fleshy fibres on the midlobe, spur
short slender saccate.

NICOBAR Istanps; at Kamorta, Kurz.

Scape 2-8 ft.; root tuberous; sheaths small, lanceolate. Leaves not seen.
Raceme 3-4 in. ; pedicel with ovary 1—3 in.; sepals and petals white; spur 5 in.—
“Closely resembles Pachystoma senile, but pollinia of Eulophia.” I have seen no
specimens,

16. i. densiflora, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 25 ; scape robust,
bracts shorter than the ovaries, sepals 1-13 in. narrowly oblanceolate
acuminate, petals narrower, lip obovate-oblong, side lobes small rounded,
midlobe orbicular, disk with 3 lamelliform nerves which are crenate or
interrupted from the middle to near the apex, spur long slender.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA; at the foot of the hills, J. D. H. Buoran, Griffith.

Scape 1-8 ft., from a depressed tuber; lower sheaths obtuse, upper acuminate ;
raceme many-fid.; flowers secund, deflexed, very narrow ; column short.—The long
narrow flowers are very characteristic of this species.

17. €. burmanica, Hook. f.; scape robust, sheaths short loose,
raceme many- and dense-fid., bracts filiform equalling the ovary, sepals
3 In. oblong obtuse many-nerved, petals narrower 3-nerved, lip cuneately
obovate, side lobes short rounded, midlobe small ovate, disk with 2 carun-
culate nerves,

UPPER Burma; Bhamo, Griffith. .

; E uber or base of scape oblong. Scape 14 in.; sheaths 1 in. ; raceme 4 in. ; bracts
3-3 In., almost capillary, reflexed ; pedicel with ovary as long ; spur conical; column
short; pollinia globose.—4A remarkable species, of which there is but one very bad
Specimen, with twisted scape ; it is possibly near E. macrobulbon.

Sect. II. Cyrtopera. . Column produced into a foot.
* Lateral sepals inserted on the spur of the lip (see also C. explanata).

i i: E. nuda, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7371; Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 180 ;
ams raceme elongate many-fid., bracts various, flowers large green

6 CXLVIII. ORCHIDEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [.Eulophia.

or purple, sepals linear-oblong acute, petals shorter elliptic-oblong many-
nerved, lip obovate-oblong obtuse, side lobes obscure, midlobe rounded or
retuse crisped, disk crested with many crenulate or tubercled nerves.
E. bicolor, Dalz. in Hook, Kew Journ. Bot. iii. (1857) 349; Dalz. & Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 264; Walp. Ann. vi. 647. Cyrtopera fusca, Wight Ic. t. 1690;
Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 31; Thwaites Enum. 429 ; Walp. l c. 668.
C. plicata, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7362; Gen. A Sp. Orchid. 190. C. nuda,
Reichb. f. in Flora 1872, 274. C. Gardneri, Thwaites Enum. 302. C.myso-
rensis, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 32. €. laxiflora, Gardn. mss.

Dipodium Roniayte & plicatum, Herb. Ham.—? Rheede Hort. Malab. xii.
t. 26.

TROPICAL HIMALAYA, from Nepal eastwards, Assam, the Khasia Hills,
MuxwiPORE, Prau and TENASSERIM. Uprzn Burma (Herb. Hort. Calcut.).
‘The DECCAN PENINSULA; from the Concan southwards. CEYLON; in the Central
Province.

Tuber large. Leaves 10-14 in., elliptic-lanceolate, very variable in breadth.
Scape 1-3 ft., stout; sheaths appressed; bracts rarely equalling the ovary; sepals
lin.; mentum rounded or conical; lip shorter than the sepals. Capsule 1} in.,
fusiform.—There may be more than one species here, so great are the differences in
colour of the flower, from a pale green to a duil purple. There is in Herb. Wight
a very fleshy-flowered species or variety (C. Brunoniana, Wight mss.) from the Kaitea
Falls (Nilghiris), with a root as large as the fist, the lip with a short horn and a
linear-oblong pointed shaggy disk; its sepals are green and petals and lip white.

19. E. squalida, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1841, Misc. 77 ; raceme elon-
gate many-fid., bracts equalling the ovary, sepals oblong-lanceolate
acuminate, petals elliptic-oblong many-nerved, lip as broad as long sub-
equally 3-lobed strongly closely nerved, midlobe crisped retuse, disk naked.

Cyrtopera squalida, Heichb. f. in Bonpland. 1857, 38; Lindl. in Journ.
Linn, Soc, ii. 81; Walp. Ann. vi. 668.

PzNANG; on Govt. Hill, Curtis. SINGAPORE, Ridley.—DisTRIB. Malay Islands.
Stem rooting from the base without a tuber. Leaves 8-12 by 14-2 in., narrowly
lanceolate, some long-petioled. Scape 18-24 in., stout or slender ; sheaths appressed P
sepals 4-1 in. long ; lip 2 in. across the side lobes, base rounded ; mentum conical.

** Lateral sepals inserted on the foot of the column, free of the spur of
the lip or nearly so. .

20. E. bicarinata, Hook. f.; raceme oblong densely many-fd.,
sepals linear-oblong acute undulate, petals shorter broader many-nerved,
lip obovate-oblong, side lobes narrow, midlobe large orbicular crisped, two
lateral nerves forming long calli at the base of the disk and with the
median nerve tubercled on the midlobe. Cyrtopera bicarinata, Lindl. in
Wall. Cat, 7363 ; Gen. & Sp. Orchid, 189; in Journ. Linn. Soc iii. 31
(exel. cit, Ic, Griff.). Epipactis ? bicarinata, Herb. Ham. C mbidium
Griff. Notul, ii. 343, No. 9; Le. Plant. Asiat. t. 320, £. 3 (pollen).
SIKKIM HIMALAYA, Gamble. Assam, Hami . K
Clarke. MUNNIPORE, Watt. UPPER Boma, Ge a Hryss, alt. 2-3000 ft.
‘lowering before leafing. Scape 8-30 in., stout or ; i ;
bracts slender, short or long ; Howers resupinate, purplish Done tae inflated ;
yellowish ; sepals 1} in. long; lip longer than the sepals, tip rounded p notched ;
spur conical, obtuse. —Flowers often streaked with pink. I have not seen leaves,
and Griffith does not describe them ; he says the flowers are purplish brow d the
lip broadly obtusely spurred. nan

21. E. candida, Hook. f.; flowering with the leaves, scape slender,

-1

Eulophia.] CXLVIII. ORCHIDES®. (J. D. Hooker.)

raceme short many-fld., bracts shorter than the ovary, sepals linear-oblong,
petals shorter elliptic obtuse, side lobes of lip short, midlobe large orbicular
crisped, nerves of disk as in E. bicarinata. Cyrtopera candida, Lindl. in
Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 31 (in part).

SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 3-4000 ft., J. D. H. Assam, Mann.

Flowering before leafing. Leaves 8-18 by 3-34 in., elliptic-lanceolate, caudate,
S-nerved ; petiole 6-8 in., slender. Scape 18-24 in. ; sheaths rather loose ; raceme
3-4 in.; bracts 3-3 in., more turgid than in E. bicarinata ; flowers 1j in. diam.,
white or greenish ; spur conical. Capsule 1 in., narrowly ellipsoid.— Perhaps a
var. of E. bicarinata. Lindley’s description is taken from a specimen gathered by
myself, and a drawing of E. nuda (Ic. Cathcart), from which the root, the colour,
and the anther are taken.

22. E. flava, Hook. f.; tall, robust, flowers very large, sepals oblong-
lanceolate finely acuminate, petals as long much broader elliptic many-
nerved, lip large saccate, side lobes large rounded, midlobe orbicular, disk
with 2 small pyriform basal calli and 3 crenate lamellae. Cyrtopera flava,
Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7364; Gen. § Sp. Orchid. 189; Royle IU. 370, t. 88;
lieichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1870, 1407. C. Culleni, Wight lc. t. 1754;
Walp. Ann. vi. 667. Dipodium flavum, Herb. Ham.

WESTERN TROPICAL HIMALAYA; from Garwhal, alt. 4-5000 ft., to Nepal.
TRAVANCORE, Cullen.—DISTRIB. Hong Kong.

Flowering before leafing. Scape 2-5 ft., as thick as the finger or less 3 raceme
1-2 ft.; bracts 3-2 in.; flowers lemon-yellow ; sepals 1-1} in. long, variable in
breadth ; lip as long as the sepals; spur a broad sac ; anther with a 2-fid top, and
long anterior process; pollen obtusely angled.—Wight describes the leaves as 2 ft.
long, lanceolate.

23. E. macrobulbon, Parish Y Reichb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx.
144; scape robust, raceme densely many-fld., bracts filiform, sepals linear-
oblong acute, petals shorter elliptic obtuse many-nerved, lip cuneate, side
lobes short subterminal, midlobe small orbicular crisped, disk with two
nerves thickened at the base and together with the middle nerve crenate
towards the apex.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA (Ic. in Herb. Calcutt.). TENASSERIM; at Moulmein,

arish,

Tuber large. Scape with raceme 18 in., as thick as the little finger ; sheaths basal,
0096; bracts A in., equalling the filiform pedicels; sepals 3—4 in. long ; petals
rather broader ; lip shorter than the sepals; spur conic, obtuse ; anther with a pro-
duced 2-fid top; pollinia oblong.— Parish describes the leaves as oblong, acuminate
(more likely elliptic-lanceolate), sepals and petals brown, lip yellow, spotted red. The
Sikkim drawing represents a stem as thick as the middle finger, with sessile obovate
leaves 1-2 ft. long, purple beneath and on the-margin; a scape as thick as a goose-
quill, dark purple, as are the flowers ; raceme 12 in., many-fld.; bracts very slender,
as long as the ovary ; sepals 2 in. long and petals violet-purple ; lip paler.

24. E. macrorhizon, /look.f.; scape robust, raceme lax-fld., bracts
long slender, sepals lanceolate acuminate and shorter obovate petals many-
„erved, lip broad obtusely 3-lobed many-nerved, 3 median nerves tubercled,

isk of mid- and side-lobes rough, spur conical.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA; at Ryang, alt. 2000 ft., King (in Herb. Calcutt.).

Rootstock elongate, as thick as the thumb, ringed. Leaves not seen. Scape

12 in., sheaths 3—4, loose, obtuse ; raceme 2—4 in.; bracts 4—4 in., about equalling
the ovary ; flowers 1 in. diam., reddish sepals adnate to the foot of the column but
free of the spur of the lip; lip much shorter than the sepals, nerves slender, con-

8 otemt. oROoHipEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Eulophia.

tracted above the broad rounded base, then dilating into the rounded side lobes,
margins of midlobe crisped and crenate.

25. E. sanguinea, Hook. f.; flowers large, sepals ovate-lanceolate
acuminate, petals shorter elliptic apiculate many-nerved, lip short, side
lobes rounded, midlobe orbicular or ovate, disk with many crenulate

nerves. Cyrtopera sanguinea, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soe. iii. 92 ; Bot. Mag.
t. 6161.

SIKKIM and BHoran HIMALAYA, alt, 2-5000 ft., J. D. H., &c. KHASIA
Hits, alt. 5000 ft., Mann.

Flowering before leafing. Scape 6-10in., stout; sheaths loose. Raceme 6-12-fd. ;
bracts slender, about equalling the ovaries; flowers 1j in. diam.; disk red purplish
or brown; lip white, pink or green; spur large, broad, obtuse; petals (always ?)

with an apiculate notch at the apex; top of anther obscurely notched, pollinia
ovoid.— Leaves unknown.

26. E. andamanensis, Reichb. f. in Flora 1872, 276; raceme
lax-fld., bracts short, sepals linear-lanceolate 3-5-nerved acuminate, petals
rather broader obtuse 3-nerved, side lobes of lip obtuse, midlobe large
broadly clawed orbicular crisped retuse, disk with the 3 median nerves

thickened between the side lobes, all other nerves thick divaricating and
much branched.

TENASSERIM ; at Moulmein, Parish. ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Kurz.

Stem at the base tuberous, with thick roots, Leaves short during flowering,
linear-lanceolate. Scape 1-2 ft. ; sheaths short; bracts shorter than the pedicels ;
sepals $ in. long; lip shorter than the sepals, white with green edges and nerves ;
spur conic, obtuse; anther 2-tubercled.—This much resembles E. virens, but the
leaves are much broader, and the column produced into a foot.

SPECIES UNKNOWN TO ME.

CYRTOPERA RUFA, Thwaites Enum. 302; rootstock tuberous, leaves not seen,
scape 2 ft. reddish, sheaths 3 distant, bracts narrowly lanceolate equalling the ovary,
flowers rufous 2 in. diam., sepals oblong-lanceolate acute rather longer than the
obovate acute petals, lip cucullate, nerves within pilose, side lobes obtuse, midlobe as
long rounded apiculate, spur short obtuse, column linear slightly contracted in the
middle, capsule 2} in. long oblong.— Ceylon, at Hantani, alt. 3000 ft., Thwaites
(C.P. 3566).

E. ATrRO-VIRENS, Lindl. Gen. § Sp. Orchid. 183, described by Lindley from a
drawing made for Wallich in the Calcutta Garden, and hence supposed to be a native
of India, is a Mauritian species, E. monophylla, Spens. Moore in Baker's Flora of

the Mauritius, p. 360 (where it is erroneously confounded with the Brazilian
E. maculata).

EULOPHIA sp., Trimen Caf. Pl. Ceyl. 89 (C.P. 3958). Not named or described.

I fail to recognize the following Eulophias described in Griffith’s Notulz, vol. iii.

p. 162, and Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 285, f. 2; p. 263 and t. 285, f. 2; p. 266 and t. 285, £3;
p.350 and t.351B,f£14. , p. 266 an 5,

40. CRMBIDIUM, Swartz.

Epiphytes, rarely terrestrial; stem very short, rarel 1 a
pseudobulbous; roots tufted. Leaves very | y elongate an

long, narrow and coriaceous,
rarely short. Scape loosely sheathed; flowers often large in suberect or

drooping racemes. Sepals and subequal petals free, erect o ding.
Lip sessile at the base of the column and embracing it upwards, base

M MÀ M He s

Cymbidium.] CXLVIII ORCHIDEH. (J. D. Hooker.) 9

concave, side lobes erect, midlobe recurved; disk with usually 2 pubes-
cent median ridges. Column long, toot 0; anther 1- or imperfectly
2-celled ; pollinia 2 deeply grooved or 4, subglobose or pyramidal, sessile on
the broad strap or gland.—Species about 30, tropical and subtropical, on
the Mountains of Asia, with a few African and Australian.

* Leaves rudimentary or 0 at flowering time.

1. C. macrorhizon, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 162; terrestrial, root-
stock creeping branched, bracts narrow membranous.

N.W. INDIA, Royle,Falconer. Kasra Hinrs, alt. 5-6000 ft., Lobb, &c.;
Naca Hints (Herb. Calcutt.).

Rootstock as thick as a goose-quill, branched. Scape very short, with the raceme
6-9 in., ascending, 6-8-tld. ; basal sheaths short, or elongating to 2 in. and narrowly
subfoliaceous ; bracts 1—À in., narrow, membranous ; pedicel with ovary 1 in. ; flower
li-l$ in. broad, sepals linear-lanceolate, acuminate, and rather broader petals
white or pale yellowish with pink strive; lip white spotted with crimson, side lobes
narrow, midlobe ovate obtuse, disk with 2 thick ridges between the side lobes;
anther papillose ; pollinia 4, subhemispheric.—A remarkable species, a parasite
according to Clarke. Lindley describes the rootstock as jointed, and the ridges of
the lip as arcuate.

» C. sikkimense, Hook. f.; epiphytic, bracts minute triangular-
ovate.
SIKKIM HIMALAYA; Lachen Valley, alt. 6000 ft., J. D. H.

. Rootstock very stout. Scape with many obtuse basal sheaths 2-3 in. long, those
higher up 1 in. long; raceme 4-8 in., more or less decurved, rather stout, 20-30-fld. ;
bracts $ in.; pedicel with ovary 4-% in.; dorsal sepal linear-oblong, obtuse;
lateral lanceolate, acute, subfalente; petals elliptic, acute; lip as broad as long,
thombic-ovate, side lobes obscure rounded, narrowed into the very short ovate mid-
lobe, disk without ridges but with 2 obscure rounded calli.—4A very distinct
Species, overlooked by Lindley when studying my Sikkim Orchids, and mixed up with
C. aloifolium.

** Leaves elliptic-lanceolate.

d C. lancifolium, Hook Exot. Fl. t. 51; leaves long-petioled
Plicate, Scape shorter than the leaves few-fld., bracts lanceolate shorter
than the ovary, flowers long-pedicelled, disk of glabrous lip with two
median lamella: between the side lobes. Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 164; in
Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 30; Wall. Cat. 7351; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 927. C. Gibsoni,
Paxton Fl. Gard. iii. 613, fig. 301; Walp. Ann. vi. 623. C. javanieum, Blume
Bijdr. 380; Lindl. 1. c. 170.— Griff. Ic. Plant. Asiat. t. 300, fig. 1.

SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA; from Nepal to Mishmi. Kuasta Hrs, alt.

9000 ft., Griffith, &c. PERAK, alt. 2-4000 ft., Scortechini, &e.-—DISTRIB. Java,
China, Japan.

Stem 2-6 in., fleshy, fusiform ; sheaths ovate-lanceolate, acuminate ; roots very
long, thick and spongy. Leaves 6-10 in., petiole slender, sometimes as long. Scape
nodding, 6-8-fld.; flowers 14-2 in. diam.; sepals white, yellowish or greenish,
lanceolate, acuminate ; petals rather broader, white with a pink midrib; lip white
Spotted with red-purple, side lobes narrow, midlobe ovate obtuse.

4. C. tigrinum, Parish in Bot. Mag. t. 5457; leaves short-petioled
very coriaceous, scape with raceme longer than the leaves few-fld., bracts
anceolate shorter than the ovary, flower long-pedicelied, lip with 2 glabrous
ridges on the disk between the side lobes.

f
10 CXLVI. ORCHIDE®. (J. D. Hooker.) [Cymbidium.

TENASSERIM ; on Moolee-it, alt. 6000 ft., Parish. BURMA; on the Siam frontier,

rkeley. .
TEL wii 1-1} in., turgidly ovoid, top contracted. Leaves 3-5 in., recurved,
petiole rarely 1 in. Scape suberect, with the raceme 6-8 in., 3-5-fld. ; sheaths few ;
bracts small, ovate-lanceolate ; pedicel with ovary 1-14 in. ; flowers 2-24} in. diam. ;
sepals linear, subacute, dull yellow-green ; petals subsimilar ; lip narrowed at the
base, white spotted with red, side lobes rounded erect, midlobe oblong, tip rounded
apiculate; anther smooth; pollinia 3 angular, gland broadly triangularly obtuse
above, sides acute.

5. C. Devonianum, Part. Mag. Bot. x. 97, cum ic.; leaves stoutly
petioled thickly coriaceous, petiole articulate, scape with raceme as long
as the leaves drooping very many-fid., bracts very small, pedicels very
short, disk of lip with two short ridges with swollen tips between the
side lobes. Warner Orchid. Alb. t. 170 ; Reichb. f. in. Gard. Chron. 1881,
i. 395.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA, Mann. KgastA Hints, Gibson; on Kollong rock, alt, 5000 ft.,
J. D. H. & T. T. .

Stem very stout at the base, obscurely pseudobulbous. Leaves several, 6-12 in.,
narrowed into a petiole 3-5 in. Scape very stout, 8-10 in. ; basal sheaths 1j in.,
imbricating ; bracts + in. ; pedicel with ovary }-3 in.; flowers 14 in. diam.; sepals
oblong-lanceolate and petals green speckled with red, or pale reddish yellow streaked
with red; lip short, side lobes rounded narrowing into a small triangular ovate
obtuse midlobe, purple with a darker blotch on each side lobe; anther and pollen as
in C, eburneum, var, Parishii. Capsule 13 in., turgidly ellipsoid.—T he flowers appear
to vary extremely in colour. Reichenbach describes the sepals and petals as light

brown with dull mauve streaks and blotches. Ina specimen from Assam the tip of
the lip is white with purple spots.

*** Leaves loriform, very long, tip broadly unequally 2-lobed.

6. C. aloifolium, Swartz in Nov. Act. Upsal. vi. 73; in Schrad.
Journ, Bot. 1779, ii. 218; racemes elongate pendulous or decurved many-fld.,
flowers 14-2 in. broad, sepals and petals linear-oblong subacute, epichile
broadly oblong or suborbicular equalling or shorter than the hypochile,
disk with 2 curved thick lamelle. Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 458; Lindl. Gen.
A Sp. Orchid. 165; Wall. Cat. 7352 C; Walp. Ann. vi. 624 (exel. Te.
Wight) C. pendulum, Swartz, & Lindl. Je: Walp. l. e. (excl. cit. Bot.
Reg.) ; Roxb. Cor. Pl. i. 35,5. 44; Fl. Ind. iii. 458. C. crassifolium, Wall.
Cat. 7397. C. Mann, Reichb. f. in Flora 1872, 274. Epidendrum aloi-

folium, Linn. Sp. Pl. 953. /Erides Borassi, Smith in Rees Cyclop.
Suppl.— Rheede Hort. Mal. xii. t. 8.

TROPICAL HIMALAYA, from East Nepal eastwards. Assam and southwards to
TENASSERIM and the ANDAMAN IsLanps. (? Malabar, Zheede.)—DisTRIB. China ?

Stem short, stout. Leaves 1-3 ft. by 2-2 in. Raceme 12-18 in.; flowers
variable in colour and size, usually dull purplish brown with pale borders,—I am
much puzzled with this and the following species, which appear to differ, in so far
as all my copious materials show, only in the comparative length of the epichile and
hypochile of their lips, and in their geographical ranges, aloifolium being strictly
northern and eastern, and bicolor as strictly western. These characters would be
absolute were it not that Rheede's figure of the Malabar plant has the lip of
aloifolium. According to drawings in Herb. Kew and Calcutta, C. aloifolium is
very variable in other respects, and three varieties are distinguishable. 1. Racemes
shorter suberect fewer-fld., sepals and petals obtuse dull purple with yellowish pale
margins. This exactly resembles the Chinese? C, aloifolium, Lodd. Bot. Cat. t. 967 ;
Jacq. Hort. Schoenb. iii. 69, t. 383.—2. Flowers larger, sepals and petal sub-

Cymbidium.) CXLVIII. ORCHIDEA. (J. D. Hooker.) 11

acute bordered with white, lip yellowish streaked with red—all as described by
Rheede.—3. Swartzs C. pendulum, which he says is too near C. aloifolium ;
flowers small or large, sepals and petals pale dirty yellow or greenish with a more or
less broad dirty purple centre, lip streaked with red. To this belongs Wallich's
C. crassifolium with pale flowers.— Lindley distinguishes C. pendulum from alvifolium
chiefly by the lamellz of the lip of the former being interrupted clavate and arched
behind, and of the latter continuous, approximate, confluent at their tips. Thwaites
gives aloifolium as a native of Ceylon (Jaffna, Gardner), but as he cites Wight's Ic.,
no doubt bicolor is intended. Lindley's aloifoliwum of Journ. Linn, Soc. iii. 27
includes this, bicolor and sikkimense. Reichenbach's description of C. Mannii is
that of aloifolium, of which there are specimens in Mann’s Herb. (kindly lent to
mo); as to his habitat of **Obres," Mr. Mann informs me he knows of no such
place.

.T. C. bicolor, Lindl. Gen. 4 Sp. 164; characters of C. aloifoliwm, but
epichile longer than the hypochile ovate-oblong narrowed towards the tip.
C. aloifolium, Wight Ic. t. 1687-8; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 266 ; Thwaites
Enum. 308. ?C. erectum, Wight Ic. t. 1753. Epidendrum aloifolium, Bot.
Mag. t. 387.

The Deccan PENINSULA, from the Concan southwards, and CEYLON. . .

, For remarks on this see under C. aloifolium, from which Lindley distinguishes it
chiefly by the saccate base of the lip and sigmoidly curved clavate lamellae, which
are interrupted in the middle and callous at the base, and the smaller differently
coloured flowers, none of which characters appear to me to be satisfactory. He cites
the Javanese C. aloifolium, Blume Bijdr. t. 19,.for it. Wight’s figure of C. erectum
from the Iyamallay Hills, which has an erect raceme, and flowers nearly 2 in. diam.,
1$, I have little doubt, an exaggeration; the sepals described as obtuse are figured
as acute. The only Iyamallay Cymbidium in his herbarium is much smaller flowered ,
and true bicolor.

8. C. Finlaysonianum, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7358; Gen. A Sp.
Orchid. 164; habit, foliage, inflorescence and bracts of C. alojfolium, but
Owers larger, 21 in. diam., midlobe of lip oblong contracted at the base,
ridges on disk straight continuous or interrupted. C. Wallichii, Lindl.
Gen. § Sp. 165. C. aloifolium, Wall. Cat. 7352 A, B. C. pendulum, Bot.
Reg. 1840, t. 25 (excl. syn.). C. pendulum, var. brevilabris, Lindl. in Bot.
Heg. xxx. t. 24. C. tricolor, Mig. Choiz, t. 19.

PENANG, Porter, Curtis. Singapore, Hort. Loddiges. i

Leaves 1-2 ft. by 2-12 in. Raceme 2-3 ft., slender; basal sheaths short, inflated ;
flowers 1-2 in. apart; sepals and petals subequal, linear-lanceolate, acute or obtuse,
dull yellow ; lip not saccate, side lobes acute, streaked with red, midlobe white, red-
Purple towards the tip.

jc: C. pubescens, Lindl. in Bot. Rey. 1840, Misc. 75; 1841, t. 38;
caves 1-2 ft. by } in. obtuse, scape short naked decurved, raceme short
pendulous 6-10-fd., flowers 1-14 in. broad, sepals and petals linear obtuse,
lip pubescent, hypochile saccate, disk with thick arched lamellz, side lobes
acute, midlobe as long as the hypochile ovate-oblong obtuse. `
SINGAPORE, Cuming (Hort. Loddiges). DrsTRrB. Borneo (Ic. in Herb. Kew).
ü much smaller plant with narrower leaves, shorter racemes, and fewer flowers
‘an any other of this section. Sepals and petals similar, dark purple with a yellow
th sreen margin; lip yellow with a broad band of red-purple, or red-purple within
1e margin of the midlobe.

FPE Leaves linear or elongate linear-lanceolate acute or acuminate.
t Bracts very small.
10. C. eburneum, Lind! in Bot. Reg. 1847, t. 67; in Journ. Linn.

12 CXLVIII. ORCHIDE®. (J. D. Hooker.) [Cymbidium.

Soc, ii, 28; scape suberect 2-3-fld. sheathed to the top, flowers 4-5 in.
diam. white, hypochile of lip with a very thick 3-5-grooved pubescent
golden ridge. Bot. Mag. t. 5126; Pact. Mag. Bot. xv. t. 140; Warner
Sel. Orchid. t. 41 ; Jennings Orchid. t. 16 ; Gartenfl. 1880, t. 155 ; Orchidoph.
1882, 297; Wien. Ill. Gartenz. 1887, t. 7, 8; Gard. Chron. 1882, 1. 496,
t. 78; 1884, ii. 77, £. 17. C. syringodorum, Griff. Notul. iii. 938. .

EASTERN HIMALAYA; Nepal (Ic. in Herb. Kew). Sikkim, alt. 1000 ft., Clarke.
KnuasrA Mrs., alt. 5000 ft., Griffith, &c. .

Leaves 12-24 by 3-4 in., acute or acutely 2-fid. Scape 8-12 in. ; sheaths equitant,
erect, lanceolate, finely acuminate; bracts acuminate; pedicel with ovary 13-2 in.;
flowers very odorous; sepals very variable in breadth; petals subfalcate ; side lobes
of lip narrow, obtuse, midlobe small, short, undulately crenate, dark yellow.

Var. Parishii; leaves broader, lip blotched with dark purple or crimson. C.
Parishii, Reichb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 144; Xen. Orchid. iii. 55, t. 224 (very
bad); in Gard. Chron. 1874, i. 338, 566 ; 1878, ii. 74; Warner Orchid, Alb. t. 26.—
Tenasserim, on Nat-toung, alt. 5000 ft., Parish.—Reichenbach distinguishes this by
thecallus of the lip having no velvety line, by the spots on the lip, and by acute
setiferous angles of the pollinia. The sepals and petals are very much narrower than
in Warner's figure.

Var. Williamsiana, Reichb. f. in. Gard, Chron. 1881, i. 530, has the midlobe and
sides of the lip light purple and column light rose-cold.

Var, Dayana ; leaves 4ft. by 1 in, corky beneath, flowers yellow white with purple

streaks, C. Dayanum, Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1869, 710.—Assam (Hort. Day).
—I have not seen this.

ll. C. grandiflorum, Griff. Notul. iii. 342; Ic. Plant. Asiat. t. 321;
leaves 8-24 by 3-1 in., scape very robust decurved, sheaths lax, raceme
6-12-fld., flowers 3-4 in. diam., sepals and petals oblong-lanceolate acute
green, lip yellowish pubescens and. ciliate, midlobe large suborbicular
waved and crenate blotched or speckled with red. C. Hookerianum,
Heichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1866, 7; Batem. in Bot. Mag. t. 5574. C.
giganteum, in part, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 29.—Cymbidium sp.,
Griff. Itin. Notes 145, No. 698.

EASTERN HIMALAYA; East Nepal, Sikkim and Bhotan, alt. 5-7500 ft.
Griffith, &e.

Leaf-sheaths 2-8 in., deeply ribbed and grooved. Scape 12-18 in.; lower sheaths
short, obtuse, upper 4 in., acute; racemes 10-18 in., drooping ; bracts very small;

flowers fleshy, sweet-scented ; dorsal sepal incurved, lateral recurved; lip with 2
hairy ridges on the disk between the side lobes.

12. C. giganteum, Wall. Cat. 7355; leaves 1-2 ft. by 3-1} in.
elongate lanceolate acuminate, scape very robust 6-12-fld., decurved or
suberect, flowers 2-2} in. diam., sepals and petals oblong-lanceolate acute
green streaked with red, lip yellow blotched with purple pubescent
and ciliate all over, midlobe large orbicular waved. Fint. Gen. & Sp.
Orchid, 163; Sert. Orchid. t. 4; Bot. Mag. t. 4844; Paat. Mag. Bot. 241,
and FI. Gard. ii. 14, f. 143 (flower); Warner Orchid. Alb. vi. t, 284; Griff.
Notul, ii. 941; Walp. Ann. vi. 626. Iridiorchis gigantea, Blume Orchid.
Archip. Ind. 91, t.26. Limodorum longifolium, Z Hamilt. ( fid. Lindl.).

TROPICAL HIMALAYA ; from Kumaon, ascending to 4000 ft. eastwards to Bhotan
and the KuasrA Mrs., alt. to 4-5000 ft.

Habit of C. grandiflorum and leaves nearly as broad, but flowers smaller and
differently coloured.— Blume founds the genus Iridiorchis on the protuberant base of
the column forming a small sac, a character not shown in his analysis, and which I do
not find in drawings on dried specimens. "There are drawings of several varieties of

Cymbidium.] ^ ott, ORCHIDES. (J. D. Hooker.) 13

this in Herb. Kew and Caleutta, varying much in the depth of colouring of the
flowers. The veins of the lip are very strong, arched and purple on the broad hypo-
chile, which has 2 central hairy ridges, villous and diverging, and again meeting
at the base of the epichile.

Var. ? Lowiana, Reichb., f. in Gard. Chron. 1887, i.684; leaves 2-3 ft. by 1-2 in.,
finely acuminate, side lobes of lip pale yellow green, midlobe dark purple with golden
margins. C. Lowianum, Reichd. JF in Gard. Chron. 1879, 832, 405, f. 56; Floral
Mag. N. S.t. 353; Berlin Gartenz. 1885, t. 73; Orchidoph. 1882, 321; 1885, 145.—
Burma, Bozall (Hort. Low).— Perhaps a distinct species; the leaves are more like
those of C. longifolium. The racemes attain 5 ft. iu length, the very numerous
flowers vary in colour, and the lip in breadth.

13. C. longifolium, Don Prodr. 36; leaves 2-3 ft. by 1-3 in. nar-
rowly linear finely acuminate, scape suberect or decurved many-fld., flowers
2-23 in. diam., sepals and petals linear-oblong or -lanceolate acute greenish
streaked with red or purple, lip papillose within not ciliate, midlobe broadly
ovate or orbicular white or yellowish spotted with red. Lindl. Gen. & Sp.
Orchid. 163; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 29; Reich. f. in Gard. Chron. 1874,
14. ©. erythroum, Lindl. l. c. 30. Limodorum angustifolium, Herb.
Ham. (ex Lindl. Gen. & Sp.).

SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA, alt. 5-6000 ft., from Kumaon, Blinkworth, eastwards.
Kuasta Mrs., common. i

Resembles C. giganteum, but the leaves are very narrow, flowers smaller, and their
colouring different. The lip is similar in shape, in the strong purple nerves, and
pubescent ridges. Lindley’s C. erythræum is founded on a drawing of mine of the
flowers and fruit of a plant gathered in Sikkim, but of which J preserved no
specimens ; it has a small golden midlobe of the very narrow lip, but it otherwise does
not seem to differ from longifolium, to which the specimens of erythreum in Lindley's

erbarium certainly belong.

tt Bracts large, lanceolate or cymbiform.

14. C. cyperifolium, Wall. Cat. 7353; leaves 2-3 ft. by ł-} in.,
Scape erect few-fld., bracts very slender equalling or exceeding the ovary,
sepals and petals linear-lanceolate acute pale green and yellow streaked
with red, lip narrow glabrous, greenish or white spotted with red. Lindl.
Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 163; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 98. C. hamatodes, Lindl.
Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 162. O. virididorum, Grif. Itin. Notes 126, No, 454.
Cyperorchis ? Wallichii, Blume Orchid. Archipel. Ind. 92. Limodorum
longifolium, Roxb. FU. Ind. iii. 468.

SUBTROPICAL HIMAIAY A; from Garwhal, alt, 5000 ft., Edgeworth, eastwards.
he Kuasta, Naga and MUNNIPORE Hrs, alt. 3500-6500 ft. 19;
, Caves rigid, often petioled. Scape shorter than the leaves, slender ; sheaths 4-2 in.,
istant ; flowers 4-7, distant, sweet-scented ; lip pubescent within; pollinia 4, broadly
oblong, plano-convex, each pair of a large and small placed face to face. The
Roxburghian figure of L. longijlorum, from the Khasia Hills, agrees in every respect
SH that the flowers are rose-cold.; it is described in the Flora Indica as having a
üsiform bulb and calearate lip; in the drawing the bulb is the caudex denuded of
eaves, and there is no trace of a spur; the bracts, which in the drawing are
~2 in. long, are undescribed. The species approaches Cyperorchis, differing in
abit, Lindley gives Ceylon, Macrae, as a habitat for his C. hematodes (which is
certainly cyperifolium), probably through the same error as affects other plants
attributed by him to that country and collector.

15. €. ensifolium, Swartz in Nov. Act. Upsal. vi. 77 ; leaves 2-3 ft.,
by $13 in. sessile or petioled ensiformly lanceolate, bracts shorter than the

14 CXLVIII. oRcHIDEX. (J.D. Hooker) ` [Cymbidium.

ovary, sepals and petals lanceolate acute green streaked with red, lip
glabrous white or yellowish spotted with brown or red. Willd. Sp. Pl. iv.
112; Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 162; Bot. Reg. t. 1976 (var. estriata) ;
Bot. Mag. t. 1751. C. sinense, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 30 (P Willd.).
Epidendrum ensifolium, Linn. Sp. Pl. 90; Smith Spicileg. Bot. 22, t. 24;
P Bot. Repos. t. 344. Limodorum ensatum, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 29; Kampf. Ic.
t. 3.

Ser HIMALAYA; in the Terai. Kuasta Hiris, alt. 2-4000 ft., J. D. H.
& T. P., Ee, CEYLON; in the Central Province, Thwaites.—Distris. China,
Japan.

Phe Khasia plant agrees very well with Kompfer’s figure, which alone repre-
sents the leaves as narrowed into a long petiole. In the Bot. Repos. the leaves are
only a span long and quite sessile. The Bot. Mag. represents a very small plant with
spotted lip. The Ceylon ensifolium has broader inflated lanceolate bracts. The
Sikkim specimen has sessile leaves, many flowers, and a white lip with pale brown
bars along the margin of the midlobe (much as in the Bot. Reg. fizure) and no spots.
I doubt C. sinense differing from ensifolium. Lindley would combine them.

DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES.

C. assamicum, Linden Cat. 1863 (name only), ex Ill. Hortic. xxviii. (1881) 95.

C. carnosuy, Griff. Notul. iii. 339, is probably a Eulophia.

C. cHLORANTHUM, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1843, Misc. 68; in Journ. Linn. Soc.
iii. 29; Bot. Mag. t. 4907, is C. variciferum, Reichb. f. in Bonpland. 1854, 91, an
Australian species.

C. IRIDIOIDES, Don Prodr. 36, from Nepal, Wallich, doubtfully referred by
Lindley to C. giganteum, is probably a Celogyne.

CyMBID. sp., Griff. Notul. iii, 943 ; Ic. Plant. Asiat. t. 819, is Tainia latifolia.
The reference is omitted at vol. v. p. 820.

4l. CYPERORCHIS, Blume.

Habit, foliage and inflorescence of Cymbidium, but racemes dense-fld.,
perianth segments narrow and connivent below the middle or higher, lip
nearly straight, erect, epichile small and very much shorter than the
elongate hypochile, and pollinia usually pyriform ou a short subquadrate
gland.—Species 3, all Indian.

Except by the narrow lip, long hypochile, and small usually orbicular epichile (or
midlobe), it is not easy to separate this genus from Cymbidium, for the pollinia vary

much in form in both genera, and Cyp. Mastersii resembles very much Cymb.
eburneum,

1. C. elegans, Blume Rumph. iv. t. 47; Orchid. Archip. Ind. 93,
t. 48 C; raceme elongate, flowers 1-1} in. long straw-cold. or white, lip
sparsely hairy towards the base, central ridges terminating below in 2 long
pubescent calli, capsule lin. Bot. Mag. t. 7007. Cymbidium elegans, Lindl.
in Wall, Cat, 7354; Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 163; Sert. Orchid, t. 14; in Journ.
Linn. Soc, ii. 28; Reichb. f. in Gard, Chron, 1875,1. 429. C. densiflorum,

arif. Notul. ii. 337 (the Myrung plant only).

SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA, alt. 4-7000 ft., from Nepal to Bhotan. Ener Mrs.
and MUNNIPORE, alt. 4—6000 ft.

Leaves 14-2 ft. by i-lin. Scape 6-18 in., curved, densely clothed with imbri-
cating compressed lanceolate acuminate sheaths 2-5 in. long; raceme pendulous,
4-8 in. long; rachis slender; flowers densely imbricate, inodorous; bracts small,
membranous, acute; sepals and petals linear-oblong, acute, tips concave ; lip as long
as the petals, very slightly recurved ; hypochile narrowly cuneate, side lobes spre: d-
ing, broadly oblong, obtuse, nearly as long as the suborbicular or obcordate undulate
midlobe; column very slender, base hairy in front. Capsule turgidly ellipsoid.—

Cyperorehis.| CXLVIH. ORCHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 15

In Griffith's Herb. this is named C. syringodorum, doubtless through a misplace-
ment of labels (see C. eburneum, p. 12). ln Herb. Calcutt. there are drawings of 3
forms apparently of this:—1. raceme laxer-flowered, flowers larger nearly white
flushed with pale pink, lip not represented; 2, leaves 12-18 in., scape stout,
sheaths distant, 2 in. long, and raceme inclined, flowers few, secund, drooping,
pale yellow-green, lip yellow, no ridges shown; 3, a smaller plant, leaves 9 in.,
scape 7 in., densely clothed with imbricating sheaths 3 in. long ; raceme suberect,
secund, 5-fld. ; flowers yellowish, 12 in. long: this last is named Cymbid. elegans,
var. lutescens.

2. C. Mastersii, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xviii. 218; raceme short,
flowers 2 in. long white, lip quite glabrous purple spotted, central ridge
evanescent below, column glabrous, capsule 2in.long. Cymbidium Mas-
tersil, Griff. mss. ex Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1845, t. 50; in Gard. Chron. 1845,
643; Pazt. Fl. Gard. t. 78; Floral Mag. N. S. t. 891; Jard. Fleur. t. 289 ;
Reichenbachia, t. 66. O. micromeron, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 29
(erel. lip). C. affine, Griff. Notul. iii. 336; Ic. Plant. Asiat. t. 291, f. 3;
Lindl, l. c. 98.

Assam, Mann. KnHasiA Mrs., alt. 4-5000 ft., Griffith, &c.

Habit and foliage of C. elegans, but raceme very short, decurved at the top,
flowers larger, always white with a little red on the lip and smelling of almonds, lip
broader, without the basal calli and quite glabrous; column stouter and pollinia
broader ; capsule very much larger.—It is not easy in the case of indifferent
dried Specimens to distinguish this from Cymbid. eburneum except by the smaller
flower. Lindley’s Cymbid. micromeron consists of a flowering and fruiting speci-
men of this, together with the loose lip and column of a Cælogyne, from which
the specific character is drawn. The same author, referring to Griffith’s descrip-
* tion of C, affine (from Churra), to that of C. densiflorum from Myrung, and of

another species from Surureem (all in the Khasia Mts.), observes, “ It is impos-
sible to reconcile the statements made for Griffith by his editor, without
assuming that some confusion has taken place.” To this confusion Lindley has
added by transferring the name afine, Griff, from the Churra to the Surureem
plant. Of the three the only one certainly recognizable by the description is
C. densiflorum, which is certainly Cyperorchis elegans (I have gathered it at
Myrung). C. affine and the unnamed one, having white flowers, are both probably
C. Mastersii, a name which Griffith’s affine would have superseded, had he really
given it; but on referring to his mss. preserved at Kew, I find no such name,
Griffith's description being headed * Colog. affine," meaning simply that it is a
plant allied to Calogyne, and the Churra plant is so ticketed by himself in
9th his own herbarium (at Kew) and in Lindley's, to whom he sent a specimen.
No doubt the error was the editor's, who replaced Celog. by Cymbidium. The name
of Mastersii is an mss. one of Griffiths given to cultivated specimens which he sent
from the Calcutta Gardens to the Royal Horticultural Society.
C. affine, Warner Orchid. Alb. t. 140; Floral Mag. N. S. t. 346, is certainly not
the plant described and figured under that name by Griffith ; it has widely spreadiug
Sepals and petals, and the lip of a true Cymbidium.

3. C. cochleare, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii. 318; raceme
elongate, sepals and petals very narrow, flowers 2 in. long, greenish brown,
lp glabrous, median ridge strong 2-fid or spathulate at the tip vanishing
|o nwards, column very slender glabrous, pollen pyriform, capsule 15 in.
ong. Cymbidium cochleare, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 28.

o SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 4-6000 ft., J. D. H., fe, Kasia Hie alt. 5-6000 ft.,

arke; at Myrung, Griffith. Tezpore in Assam, Mann. .

sepal aves 2-3 ft, by A in. Scape 12-18 in., very slender ; sheaths 3-4 in., lax ;
pa s and revolute petals brownish green; lip yellow speckled with red, midlobe

Suborbicular, golden-yellow.

16 CXLVIII. OROHIDEÆ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Cremastra.

41/1. CREMASTRA, Lindl.

A terrestrial herb; rootstock tuberous. Leaves radical, elliptic, plicate.
Scape solitary, stout, sheathed. Flowers in secund racemes, pendulous.
Sepals and petals very long, narrow, connivent in a tube below, lanceolate
acuminate and spreading and recurved above. Lip adnate to the base o
the column, erect, linear, base subsaccate, tip dilated 3-lobed, lobes linear,
disk with a tongue-shaped appendage. Column very long, slender, straight,
top dilated 3-lobed; anther shortly stipitate, 1-celled ; pollinia 4, ovoid,
compressed, caudicle and gland membranous.

C. Wallichiana, Lindl. Gen. $ Sp. Orchid. 172; Franch. & Savat.
Enum. Pl. Jap. ii. 24. Hyacinthorchis variabilis, Blume Cent. Plant.
Nov. 1829, 4; Mus. Bot. 48, fig. 16; Walp. Ann. iii, 628.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA; Nepal, Wallich. Sikkim, alt. 5-7500 ft., J. D. H., &c.
—Disrris. Japan.

Tuber the size of a chestnut. Leaves 6-10 by 2-2} in., subsessile or petioled.
Scape with raceme 1-2 ft. ; sheaths long, loose ; flowers 14 in. long, narrow, purple ;
pedicels short; bracts linear.—I find no evidence of Blume's ** Centuria ” ever having
been published, or even printed ; if it was so, his name has priority.

42. GEODORUM, Jackson.

Terrestrial herbs, rootstock tuberous hypogeal. Leaves elliptic, acute,
plicate. Scape from the rootstock, stout, erect, sheathed, shorter than the
leaves; flowers crowded in decurved racemes, bracts narrow membranous.
Sepals and broader petals conniving or spreading. Lip sessile on the base
or short foot of the column, cymbiform, membranous, margins involute,
disk with or without ridges ending in calli, and with a forked baal
callus. Column short, stout; anthers 2, cells, appendaged after dehiscence
by the persistent detached faces of the cells; pollinia 2, broad foveolate

sessile or subsessile on a broad strap or gland.—Species 6-8? Indian,
Malayan and Australian.

I am unable to define the species from Herbarium specimens, or to reduce to any
system the descriptions and drawings of Roxburgh, Brown, Lindley and Griffith.
The following descriptions are provisional only. I have spent days to no purpose in
endeavours to improve on it by the analysis of specimens.

l. G. purpureum, Br. in Hort. Kew, Ed. 2, v. 207 (Char. roform.);
usually tall, leaves at length petioled, sepals linear-oblong acute 3-nerved,
petals rather broader obovate-oblong apiculate 5-nerved, lip subpanduri-
formly oblong,tip dilated 2-lobed, disk with a broad channelled ridge
ending in rased calli or a crenate callus. Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 175;

Dalz, & Gibs. Bomb. F1.266. G.dilatatum, Wall. Cat. 7376. Limodorum
nutans, Rorb. Cor. Pl. i.t. 405 Fl. Ind. iii. 470 (descr. and fig. in both erro-
neous). Malaxis nutans, Willd. Sp. PL. iv. 93.

TROPICAL HIMALAYA, from Nepal eastwards; BENGAL, Assam, Burma, Ze,
Deccan PENINSULA and CEYroN.—Disrkis. Malay Islands, Australia ?

Brown's G. purpureum was founded on Roxburgh’s drawing of Limodorum nutans,
a native of the Circars, but of which no specimen is recorded to exist, It is repre-
sented and described as having the scape longer than the leaves, a lax-fld. raceme,
and an acute lip; characters not hitherto found in any Geodorum. But if it be
allowed that the elongate scape and lax-flowered raceme are due to the lengthening

Geodorum.] CXLVHI. ORCHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 17

of the axis of the scape after flowering, and that the appearance of an acute lip is
due to the infolding of its margins towards the apex, then the G. purpureum is the
commonest and widest-distributed Indian species. — Dalzell and Gibson alone identify
a plant with G. purpureum, Br. and I have examined authentic specimens of
it, which they did not, for they give Brown's characters for the species, whilst
those of their specimens are what I have given above. G. purpureum is the
tallest and largest-leaved Indian species; its flowers vary from white veined with
red-purple to pale purple with stronger veins.

2. G. dilatatum, Br. in Hort. Kew, Ed. 2, v. 207; leaves usually
sessile, sepals linear-oblong subacute 3-5-nerved, petals obovate-oblong
5-7-nerved, lip broadly cymbiform, tip dilated recurved crenulate or un-
dulate, disk smooth or with granulate nerves ending in irregular small tu-
bercles. Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 175; Lodd. Bot. Cab.t.1797 ; ? Wight
fe. t. 912. Limodorum recurvum, Rorb. Cor. Pl. i., 33 t.39; Fl. Ind. iii.
469. Malaxis cernua, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 93. Otandra cernua, Salisb. in
Trans. Hort. Soc. i. 961.

Assam, SILHET, Burma, the DECCAN PENINSULA and CEYLON (all more or less
doubtful).

If I am right in respect of this species, it differs from purpureum in its lower
stature, broader petals and lip, the disk of which is smooth, granulate or subcaruncled.
Wight's figure is probably an exaggeration of the flowers. Dalzell and Gibson
describe it as a Concan plant, but I have seen no specimens so named by them.

. 9. G. candidum, Wall. Cat. 7374; flowers ascending or erect, sepals
linear-oblong, petals almost orbicular 7-9-nerved, lip very broad narrowed
ypvarda from the 2-crested dilated base, disk nearly naked, tip crenulate.

(adi, Fol. Orchid. (in part). G. attenuatum, Griff. in Cale. Journ, Nat.
Hist. v. 358, t. 24.

Burma, Griffith ; Tenasserim, at Moulmein, Wallich.

Griffith further describes his G. attenuatum (which is certainly the same as
Wallich’s candidum) as having a truncate spike, subequal sepals and petals (which
they are not in his drawing in Herb. Calcutt.), inodorous white wide flowers, less
Spreading than usual, tip of lip concave, almost conduplicate, emarginate, crenate,
isk with a callus, column sprinkled with cellular pubescence below the stigma and
along the broad nerves of the lip, and a very short column with a bidentate tooth on
each side of the apex.—It is a very distinct species. A single specimen of G. citrinum
18 on the sheet with Wallich’s specimens of this.

, AG citrinum, Jackson in Andrews’ Bot. Rep. t. 626; flowers 1} in.
diam. yellow, sepals and petals very broad acute, lip large oblong deeply
Saccate with an obtuse gibbosity or spur, more or less streaked with red or
purple, disk nearly smooth yellow, tip rounded or emarginate. Lindl.
Gen. $ Sp, Orchid. 176; Fol. Orchid. 3; Bot. Mag. t. 2195; Wall. Cat.
7975; alp. Ann. vi. 633.

A GRITTAGONG, Wallich. MovrMxiN, Wallich, Parish. PENANG (Ic. in Herb.

The figure in the Bot. Repository represents a plant with bracts hardly exceeding
the ovary, 4-5 pale yellow flowers 1} in. in diameter, a large saccate subcalcarate
Ka broadly oblong with recurved margins, emarginate tip, and yellow and faint purple
markings on each side of the smooth disk. The Bot. Mag. plant has flowers as large,
d pale green, the lip is similar but not emarginate, and is streaked with red nerves ;
Oe pedicels are much longer with the ovary 1} in. long, and there are many long
racts below, but not on, the raceme, where they are small. The G. citrinum, Jacks. ?
of Wall. Cat. 7375 has the long bracts below the inflorescence of the Bot. Mag. plant,
ut very short pedicels and a smooth lip with incurved and then reflected margins.—
with nang drawing shows short pedicels, pule greenish white flowers, a saccate lip

* wu margins and red nerves; there are only one or two bracts below the
‘ I, C

Oe

18 Cem, oRCHIDES. (J. D. Hooker.) [Geodorum.

inflorescence, and the floral are as long as the ovaries.— The var. 3. albido-purpureum,
Par. & Reichb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 145, from Moulmein, has bracts as long
as the flowers, but none below the inflorescence, green sepals and petals, and a dingy
purple streaked lip.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.

G. PALLIDUM, Wall. in Don Prodr. 31. There is no specimen of this in
Wallich’s Herbarium, nor is the name in his Catalogue; but thereis a Geodorum m
Herb. Kew, sent to Sir W. Hooker by Wallich from Nepal in 1818, which is, I think,
purpureum as defined above. G. pallidum, Griff. 1. c. 3857, from Assam and Silhet,
described from garden specimens, is perhaps the white-fld. purpureum; its flowers
are described as rather small.

G. APPENDICULATUM, Griff. in Calc. Journ, Nat. Hist. v. 360, t. 24, is probably,
as suggested by Griffitb, Brown's G. dilatatum. .

G. CANDIDUM, Lindl. Fol. Orchid. 8, Limodorum candidum, Rowb., from Silhet,
Khasia and Moulmein, is probably dilatatum ; it is certainly not G. candidum, Wall.
Cat. 7374.

G. pninATATUM, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 675, is, I think, pale-fld. purpureum.

G. rvcaruM, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1687 ; Fol. Orchid. 5, from Ceylon, resembles
a small G. purpureum. Thwaites states that he has never seen it.

G. LAXIFLORUM, Griff. l. c. 356, t. 24, from Assam, Jenkins, strongly resembles
G. citrinum in its broad petals, dilated undulate emarginate white lip with the disk
tinged with yellow and purplish base.

G. RARIFLORUM, Lindl. Fol. Orchid. 9, from Assam, is, I think, certainly
G. purpureum.

GEODORUM sp., a narrow-leaved plant, with the habit of G. purpureum, from
Mount Ophir, Malacca, Griffith, resembles the Philippine G. semicristatum, Lindl.

G. gavanicuM, Lindl. Fol. Orchid.2. (Cistella cernua, Blume Bijdr. 293, t. 55)
of Java, is a small-fld. species confidently referred by Reichenbach. (Bonpland. 1857,

43) to G. dilatatum, with the observation that Wight/s G. dilatatum is a totally
different plant.

43. GRAMMATOPHYLLUM, Blume.

Large stout epiphytes. Leaves linear, distichous, jointed on their
sheaths. Scapes lateral, long, stout; flowers large, racemose. Sepals an
petals subequal, spreading. Lip small, adnate to the base of the column
(mobile?) erect, concave; its side lobes embracing the column, midlobe
short recurved. Column semiterete, foot 0, top incurved; anther broad, 2-

celled; pollinia 2, subglobose, 2-cleft, attached one to each horn of a curved
strap or gland.—Species 3 or 4, Malayan.

_ G. speciosum, Blume Bijdr. 377, fig. 20; Rumph. iv. 47, t. 1913
gigantic, flowers 6 in. diam. golden spotted with brown. Lindl. Gen. & Sp:
Orchid. 628; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. iii, 708; Bot. Mag. t. 5157; Part. Fil.
Gard. ii. t. 69; Fl. des Serres, t.1386 ; Batem. 2nd Cent. Orchid.t. 181 ; Jard.
Fleur, t. 285; Gard. Chron. 1878, ii. 181, f. 86 ; 1890, i. 289, f. 46; Walp.
Ann, vi. 628. G. fastuosum, Lindl. in Part. Fl. Gard. ii. 159 under t. 09.
G. macranthum, Reichb. f. Xen. Orchid. ii. 16; Walp. Ann.l. c. Pattoni@
macrantha, Wight Ic. t. 1750. Gabertia scripta, Gaud. in Freyc. Voy:
Bot. 42>. Cymbidium scriptum, Swartz in Schrad. Diar. 1799, 228 ; Wille

p. . lv. . idendrum seri inn. . — Rumph
Amboin, vi. 95, t 42, > ptum, Linn, Sp, Pl. 1961.— Rump

TENASSERIM, Parish. PERAK, Scortechini. ; istrib.
5318), Maingay (K. D. 1655).—DisTRIB. Java, Borman oe Grifith (Kew P

Stems 8-10 ft., tufted, as thick as the wrist. Leaves 1j-2 ft. by 1}-1$ in»
equitant, lorate, acute, Scape 4-6 ft., as thick as the finger, terete ; bracts ovate i
pedicels 4-6 in., as thick as a goose-quill; sepals and petals fleshy, obovate«oblong:
variable in breadth, undulate, spreading and reflexed ; lip half the length of th
sepals, side lobes short, subacute; midlobe ovate, hirsute, disk with depre

Grammatophyllum.] cent, omemipgx. (J. D. Hooker.) 19

straight nervés and two linear ridges between the side lobes.—I cannot find
characters whereby to distinguish @. fastuosum & macranthum; the latter was
founded on Griffith’s specimens. The flowers vary much in size, and the sepals and
petals of the Perak plant are narrower than in the others.

44. DIPODIUTM, Brown.

Stems leafy, tufted and epiphytic in the Indian species (terrestrial and
leafless in Australian). Leaves coriaceous, jointed on their sheaths, equitant.
Racemes long-peduncled, flowers rather large; perianthof Grammatophyllum,
but with the base of thelip forming a small sac with the column, and
the side lobes reduced to small teeth; pollinia separately stipitate on a
globose gland.—Spegies 6, Australian, Malayan and Pacific.

l. D. pictum, Reichb. f. Xen. Orchid. ii. 15, and 20, t. 107; stem
elongate scandent epiphytic from a terrestrial root, leaves spreading and
recurved linear. Walp. Ann. iii. 562, vi. 047. Wailesia picta, Lindl. in
Journ. Hort. Soc. iv. (1849) 262; in Part. Mag. Bot. xvi. 321, with fig.
Grammatophyllum scandens, Griff. Notul. ii. 345; Ie. PI. Asiat. t. 324.
Leopardanthus scandens, Blume Rumph. iv. 47; Mus. Bot. i. 47, t. 15.

Matacoa, Griffith, Maingay.—DistR1B. Java. .
Leaves 12-18 in., tip oblique acute. Peduncle with the raceme 10-12 in., purple ;
racts short, ovate; pedicels short, stout ; flowers 1} in. diam., yellowish white blotched
With crimson ; sepals and petals elliptic-oblong obtuse; lip ovoid, narrowed into a
broad tomentose claw ; side lobes linear acute, midlobe ovate acute concave, pinkish
streaked with crimson, disk and lip villous.

3. D. paludosum, ZAeichb. f. Xen. Orchid. ii. 15; stem and scape
strict erect, leaves strict ensiform erect. Walp. Ann. vi. 648. Gramma-
tophyllum paludosum, Griff. Notul. iii. 344. G. affine, Griff. Ic. Pl.
Asiat. t. 323. Wailesia paludosa, Reichb. f. in Bonpland. 1854, 93.

Matacca, in swamps, Grifith (Kew Distrib. 5317), Maingay (K. D. 1657)
PERAK, Wray.

Stem 1-2 ft. Peduncle as long; bracts small, ovate, acute; pedicels very short ;
flowers 1} in, diam., sweet-scented, white blotched with purple; sepals and petals
reflexed ; lip lanceolate, acute, with a villous ridge from the base to the cuspidate
tip; side lobes reduced to small teeth.

45. THECOSTELE, Reichd. f.

Epiphytes, pseudobulbous. Leaf 1, shortly petioled. Scape basal,
slender; flowers racemed. Sepals subequal, broad. Petals much nar-
Tower. Lip connate with the foot of the column, 3-lobed; base with the
foot forming a ventricose tube perforate in front; side lobes small, erect ;
midlobe entire or 3-lobulate, velvety. Column slender, arched, with
Incurved apical wings; anther 2-celled ; pollinia 2, subglobose, separately
Stipitate on a scale-like gland.—Species 3.

l. T. Zollingeri, Reichb. f. in Bonpland. v. 87; Xen. Orchid. ii.

133, t. 147 ; side lobes of lip SÉ Ee sigmoid, midlobe broadly obcor-

ate, T. alata, Par. & Reichb. f.in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 135. Cymbidium
alatum, Roxb, Fl. Ind. iii. 459.

CürTTAGONG, Roxburgh. TENASSERIM, Parish.— DisTRIB. Borneo.

, pa eudobulbs the size of a nutmeg or narrower. Leaf 5-9 in., oblong or linear-

ong. Scape with the raceme 5-8 in., decnrved ; bracts minute, acute, persistent ;

wa 3 in. diam., blotched with brick-red ; sepals acute, dorsal lanceolate genicu-

ely arched, lateral faleate ovate. à

€

20 CXLVIII. oRoHIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Thecostele.

2. T. Maingayi, Hook. f. Ic. Plant ined. ; side lobes of lip fan-shaped,
midlobe broadly ovate reflexed.

Maracca, Maingay. .
Pseudobulbs oblong, -lin. Leaf 3-5 in., from obovate- to linear-oblong. Scape
with 6-8-fld. raceme 4 in.; flowers 1 in. diam.; sepals acuminate.—Only one

specimen seen.
3. T. quinquefida, Hook. f. Ic. Plant ined.; side lobes of lip linear,

midlobe deeply 3-lobulate, side lobules hatchet-shaped, mid-lobule ovate
acute.

MALACCA, Maingay. ` .
Pseudobulbs 1 in., oblong. Leaf 5-7 in., linear-oblong, tip obtuse very oblique.

Scape with raceme 3 in.; flowers 1 in. diam.; sepals acute, lateral very broad ; lip
5-fid from the deep lobing of the midlobe.

46. BROMHEADIA, Lindl.

Terrestrial erect rigid leafy herbs, pseudobulb 0. Leaves distant.
Flowers in terminal simple or branched rigid racemes or panicles ; bracts
thick, imbricate, persistent. Sepals and petals subequal, narrow, widely
spreading. Lip adnate to the base of and embracing the column, erect,
side lobes erect, midlobe spreading, entire. Column membranous, broadly

2-winged, foot 0, top hooded ; anther sub-2-celled; pollinia 2, ovoid, sulcate,
sessile on a scale-like gland.—Species 2.

1. B. palustris, Lindl. in Bot. Heg. 1841, Misc. 89; 1844, t. 18;
tall, leaves 3-5 in., racemes many-fld. Bot. Mag. t. 4001; Wight Ic.
t. 1740; Walp. Ann. vi.630. B. Finlaysoniana, Reichb. f. in Walp. l. c.
882. Grammatophyllum ? Finlaysonianum, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7561;
Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 173.

PENANG, PERAK, MALACCA and SINGAPORE (in dry exposed places, Ridley).—
DISTRIB. Sumatra, Philippines,

Stem 4-8 ft., terete, very stout. Leaves 8-5 by 2-1 in.,tip 2-lobed, many-
nerved. Pedunele 6-12 in., strict; sheaths many, appressed; raceme 1-7 in., bracts
ovate, obtuse, thickly coriaceous (rachis appearing serrate); pedicel with ovary 1 in. 5
flowers 23-3 in. diam., sweet-scented ; sepals linear-oblong, obtuse, spreading 8D
recurved, white or pale pink; petals broader; lip white, disk purple, side lobes sub-

acute streaked with purple; midlobe rounded apiculate, yellow, granulate ; column
elongate cymbiform.

?2. B. aporoides, Reichb. f. Ot. Bot. Hamb. 44 ; dwarf, leaves 1}-2 in»
peduncle very short 1-2-fld.

TENASSERIM ; at Moulmein, Parish.

Stems tufted, 1-1} in., clothed to the base with coriaceous falcate ensiform acute
leaves. Peduncle } in., clothed at the base with small coriaceous imbricate sheaths ;
flowers 1 in. long ; sepals and petals oblong-lanceolate, acute, white; lip oblong, side
lobes triangular acute streaked with red, midlobe small ovate yellow papillose i
column slender ; gland of pollinia lunate.—1 have seen only very imperfect specimens
which differ so greatly in habit, foliage and the slender column from B. palustris,

that I suspect the species will prove to be generally distinct. The habit is that of
Dendrobium atropurpureum.

47. POLYSTACHYA, Hook.

Pseudobulbous leafy epiphytes. Leaves few, distichous, narrow:

coriaceous, jointed on their sheath. Scape terminal, sheathed ; flowers very
small, in narrow panicles. Sepals free, dorsal ovate, lateral triangula!
adnate to the foot of the column. Petals very narrow. Lip superion
clawed, jointed on the foot of the column, erect, 3-lobed, side lobes sma

Polystachya.] CXLVIIL ORCHIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 21

erect, midlobe spreading or recurved. Column short, broad; anther 1- or
sub-2-celled ; pollinia 4, ovoid, cohering or connate in pairs, attached to a
very short strap, or gland P— Species about 40, all tropical, chiefly
American.

l. P. Wightii, Reichd. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 640; stem 4-6 in.,
flowers yellow, lip broader than long, side lobes nearly as long as the short
broad rounded midlobe, disk with the median ridge densely furfuraceous.
P. luteola, Wight Ic. t. 1678.

MALABAR; on the Iyamallay Hills, Wight (Kew Distrib. 2990). ? PENANG,
Curtis. ? CEYLON.

Leaves 2-3, 4-6 by 3-1 in. Stem stout; panicle glabrous, branches short;
sheaths long, coriaceous, flattened; bracts small, acute, persistent ; flowers yellow;
Sepals 4 in. long, acute. Capsule } in. long.—P. luteola, Hook. Exot. Flor. t. 105,
figured from a cultivated specimen said to have been sent by Wallich, has
been pronounced by Lindley (Bot. Reg. 1838, Misc. 78) to be a West Indian plant.
No original specimen of it was preserved. Lindley distinguishes it (rom the Indian
plant by the capsule being nerveless between the ribs, whilst those of the latter are
reticulated. The figure in Flor. Exot. represents the sepals as obtuse. Much better
Specimens of the Indian species are wanted to determine their differences from one
another and from the Mauritian and others, and the genus wants working up.

2. P. purpurea, Wight Ic. t. 1679; flowers purplish, lip longer than
broad, side lobes much shorter than the large rounded midlobe, disk with a
Short median ridge furfuraceous. Walp. Ann. vi. 640.

TRAVANCORE ; on the Iyamallay Hills, Wight (Kew Distrib. 2991). .

ery near if not a variety of P. Wightii, but the flowers are smaller, and if my
analysis is correct (the materials are unsatisfactory) the lip is much narrower.

3. P. zeylanica, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1838, Misc. 78 (exel. Syn.) ; stem
12-18 in., lip cuneate-obovate, side lobes small acute, midlobe rounded,
disk furfuraceous, capsule i in. reticulate between the ribs. Walp. Ann.
vi. 639.

CEYLON, Walker, Gardner. .

À very much larger plant than either of the former, with a stout stem, and
panicle 6-10 in. long with branches 1-3 in. long, flowers larger, and Jeaves larger
and broader upwards. The Mauritian P. mauritiana, Spreng. Syst. Veg. iii. 742
(Dendrobium polystachys, Thou. Orchid. Afric. t. 85), which Lindley referred to this
more resembles P, Wightii.

48, PLOCOGLOTTIS, Blume.

Terrestrial herbs with the creeping rhizome, habit and inflorescence of
Tainia and Chrysoglossum, from which they are only distinguishable by the
short erect quadrate lip having its sides confluent with the sides of the short
column, and by having the four pollinia attached in pairs by 2 stipes to a
gland.—Species 4 or 5, Indian and Malayan.

l. P. acuminata, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 46; leaf solitary, bracts lau-
ceolate as long as the pedicel or longer, raceme puberulous. Miquel Fl.
Ind, Bat. iii, 676.

PERAK, alt. 2-3000 ft., King's Collector.—DisTRIB. Java, Sumatra.
Leaf-blade 10-12 by 21-3 in., elliptic-lanceolate, longer than the slender petiole.
Cape as long or longer, slender; raceme very lax-fld., simple or with a branch from the
ase; bracts 2 in, lanceolate, acuminate; pedicel with ovary as long ; flowers 1 in.
facte sparsely puberulous; dorsal sepal lanceolate ; erect lateral oblong-lanceolate,
e cate, finely acuminate, 5-nerved ; petals narrowly lanceolate, falcate ; lip quadrate,
ontracted above the base, angles rounded, retuse in front with a long cusp; spur a

conical gibbosity.— The specimen is not very good, but I think it is P. acuminata,

22 cat, orcHipem, (J. D. Hooker) ` [Plocoglottis,

2. P. javanica, Blume Bijdr. 380, t. 21; Orchid. Archip. Ind. t. 14;
Mus. Bot. i. 46; leaf solitary, bracts short ovate, raceme glabrous. Lindl.
Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 182.

Perak, alt. 3-1200 ft., Scortechini, King's Collector.—D1ISTRIB. Java.

Leaf-blade 10-12 by 3-4 in., as long as the very slender petiole. Scape much
longer than the leaf, very slender; raceme 8-10 in. ; bracts 3-} in., often recurved ;
flowers 2 in. diam., pale yellow speckled with red ; dorsal sepal long, arched, nar-
rowly lanceolate; lateral oblong-lanceolate, falcate, acute ; petals narrowly oblanceo-
late, faleate ; lip broadly obovate, angles and tip rounded, acuminate or cuspidate ;
spur a gibbosity.—A Plocoglottis from Malacca, Maingay, resembles this, but has a

shorter raceme, and is described (by Maingay) as having obtuse sepals; the specimen
is flowerless

49. LUISIA, Gaud.

Tufted epiphytes; stem terete, rigid, sheathed, pseudobulbs 0. Leaves
elongate, terete, obtuse. Flowers drooping, small, spicate on a short or
very stout erect axillary rachis ; bracts very short, thick, imbricating, per-
sistent. Sepals subequal or the decurved dorsal smaller. Petals often
longer, narrower. Lip sessile on the base of the column, base flat concave
or saccate. Column very short, truncate; anther 2-celled ; pollinia 2, sub-
globose, seated on a replicate short strap. Capsule narrow, erect.— Species
about 15, tropical Asia to N. Caledonia.

The materials at my disposal for the elucidation of this remarkable genus are,
though considerable, far from being sufficient. Above all careful drawings for living

plants should be obtained, when the following attempt at diagnosing the Indian
species will want revision and probably correction.

* Petals not much longer than the lateral sepals (most so in L. primulina).

l. E. teretifolia, Gaud. Bot. Freyc. Voy. 497, t. 97 ; leaves 4-6 in,
flowers small, lateral sepals subacute keel winged, petals linear-oblong
obtuse hardly longer than the sepals, hypochile subquadrate saccate, ep!
chile broadly cordate. Blume Rumph. i. +t. 194, £. 3, t. 197 D ; Mus. Bot.
i. 63; Lindl. Fol. Orchid. 2 (excl. in all Syn. Ep. triste). L. burmanica,
Lindl. Le L. brachystachys, var. flaveola, Par. & Reichb. f. in Trans.
Linn. Soc. xxx. 144. L. platyglossa, Reichb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 622

L. zeylanica, Lindl. l.c. Cymbidium triste, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 461 (not of

Willd.; Bot. Mag. t. 3648; Wight Ic. v. 11 (text, not Ic.) ; Griff. Notul. iii.
340 (the Mergui plant). C. tenuifolium, Wight l. c. t. 1689 (Ic., not teat).

SIKKIM HIMALAYA (Ic. Cathcart). The Kuasia MTs., at Churra (Je. Jerdon).
BENGAL; in the Sunderbunds, Roxburgh. Prau and TENASSERIM, Griffith, &C.
The WESTERN GHATS, from Canara to Travancore. CEYLON, Macrae, &c.— DISTRIB.
Malay Islands to New Caledonia.

Stem 6-12 in., stout ; internodes }-4 in, Leaves variable in thickness. Rachis
of spike {-} in. Petals }—} in. long. Lip equalling or rather exceeding the sepals.
Column very short. Capsule ł-1} in.—Blume erred in referring Willdenow’s
Cymbidium triste to Gaudichaud’s Luisia teretifolia. The latter appears to accord
with the Indian plant, aud Wight’s t. 1689 is very characteristic. Blume's t. 194 has
larger flowers. A coloured drawing of Lindley’s burmanica by Griffith is excellent.
The petals vary in length and form, but never much exceed the sepals. The lip is in
five Indian drawings purple. Blume figures a purple hypochile and yellow epichile
with purple disk. Roxburgh describes the lip as dark purple with yellow spots.
Griffith figures it green with black purple blotches. Wight says, “ Flowers pale pink,
lip conformable, afterwards purple.” In var. flaveola, Par. & R. f., the flowers
are yellow, the hypochile purple and epichile streaked with purple. Lindley’s
L. zeylanica (Macrae, 1829) is identical with the Peninsular species, but there nre
along with it flowers of a different and a garden plant, which he referred to Vanda
trichorhiza, Hook. Reichenbach’s ZL. brachystachys, founded on Wight's t. 1689, 1$

—— RAM

Luisía.] OXLVII ORCOHIDEE, (J, D. Hooker.) 23

consequently teretifolia. Lindley’s L. trichorhiza consists of three Nilghiri speci-

mens of L. teretifolia (mislabelled Khasia Mts.), and one fruiting Khasian specimen

(hs indicated by Reichenbach in Herb. Lindl.). For Cymbid. triste, Willd., see
- tristis.

2. L. brachystachys, Blume Rumph. iv. 50; Mus. Bot. i.64; leaves
2-6 in. slender, sepals and petals as in L. teretifolia, lip obovate-oblong
nearly flat grooved hardly constricted at the base of the broadly ovate
epichile. Reichb. f. Xen. Orchid. i. 204, t. 78, f£. 1; Lindl. Fol. Orchid. 3.
Mesoclastes brachystachys, JLind!l. in Wall, Cat. 1994; Gen. & Sp.
Orchid. 45.

TROPICAL WESTERN HIMALAYA; Garwhal, Falconer; Kumaon, Stewart.
SILHET and the KHASIA Hirrs, Wallich. BENGAL, at Jessore and Dacca, Clarke.
TENASSERIM (Ic. Parish).

A more slender plant than Z. teretifolia, but perhaps a variety ; flowers of the
same size, but with a very different lip, which varies a little in breadth, and in the
distinctness of the hypochile from the epichile. The lip is rather thin, with usually
strong parallel grooves or nerves, though sometimes it is very thick and fleshy when
the grooves are not visible (in the dried state). Column very short. Capsule
1-lin.—Clarke describes the sepals green without, rose-purple within ; petals rose-
purple with green tip and base ; lip yellow at base, black-purple for 2 of upper part,
but variable.

3. L. trichorhiza, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 63; leaves 4-6 in. stout, flowers
twice as large as in L. teretifolia, petals 3 in. long about as long as the
lateral sepals, lip obovate-oblong rather longer than the sepals flat grooved
constricted at the insertion of the broadly ovate epichile with the quadrate
hypochile, column rather long. Lindl. Fol. Orchid. 2; Reichb. f. Xen.
Orchid. t. 77. f. 878. ? Vanda ? trichorhiza, Hook. Fl. Exot. t. 72.

TROPICAL HIMALAYA, Wallich; Garwhal, Falconer. L.

I have seen only two native specimens of this plant, a flowering and a fruiting,
from Garwhal, they bear tbe mss. name of L. retusa, Reichb. f. It is the
Only species that approaches the Flora Exotica Vanda ? trichorhiza in the size of
the flower and length of the column, differing from it only in the lip not being
longer than the sepals, which is a very variable character. Flowers of V. ? trichorhiza
in Lindley’s Herbarium closely resemble this, except in having a longer lip. A spike
of flowers of P. trichorhiza in Herb. Hook. is presumably from the type plant ; the
flowers are on slender pedicels, with the lip grooved as in brachystachys, but with
the sepals and petals narrower and more acute. Of the hairy roots of V. trichorhiza
described in Fl. Exot. I know nothing, but Lindley, who no doubt saw the original
Plant, says that it has sometimes an enormous development of downy roots.

4. L. filiformis, Hook. f.; stem elongate slender, leaves 6-12 in.,
very slender, rachis of spike very stout short few-fld., flowers 1-3 in. diam.,
lateral sepals cymbiform, keel broadly winged, petals linear and lip fleshy,
hypochile broad flat smooth, epichile subquadrate deeply many-grooved, tip
Incurved fleshy, column very short broad.

SILHET ; at Terrya Ghat, Mann. .

Stem probably several feet long; internodes 1-2 in. Leaves as thick asa crow
quill. Petals hardly longer than the lateral sepals.—Except in the short petals this
a good deal resembles L. Grovesii.

5. L. micrantha, Hook. f.; stem short robust, leaves 2 in. slender,
rachis of spike short thick few-fld., flowers } in. diam., lateral sepals ovate
Subacute midrib very stout, petals oblong obtuse, hypochile of lip oblong
aoncave with 2 strong incurved teeth on each side, epichile lozenge-shaped

eshy, column rather long.

Assam, Grifit (in Herb. Wight). Kuasta Huis alt. 3-4000 ft., Mann.

24 CXLVI., oRcHIDEE, (J. D. Hooker.) [ Lusia,

Stem 2-5 in.; internodes 3-4 in. Leaves as thick as a sparrow quill. Rachis
of spike clothed with imbricate ovate acute bracts; pedicels decurved ; flowers
punctulate ; dorsals sepal oblong obtuse and similar petals 1-nerved ; lip as long as
the sepals, epichile about balf as long as the hypochile both concave.— Griffiths
specimens are not in flower but appear to be the same as Mann’s, which are so.

6. L. primulina, Par. & Reichb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 144,
t. 30, f. 1; stem short very stout, leaves 3—4 in. very stout, rachis short
few-fld., sepals subequal oblong acute, petals larger obovate-spathulate
obtuse, lip much longer than the lateral sepals yellow, hypochile small
short saddle-shaped, epichile large triangular-ovate obtuse, margin
obscurely lobulate.

TENASSERIM ; at Moulmein, Parish.

Stem 3-4 in.; internodes short. Leaves 3 in. dium. Flowers 2 in. diam., pale
yellow with a purple column.— Described chiefly from a drawing by Parish. A draw-
ing in Herb. Calcutt. of apparently the same species (collected at Moolyet, Moulmein)
has elliptic-acute sepals, a shorter cordate epichile, a larger hypochile with a purple
disk, and a yellow column; its concave lateral sepals are spurred at the back. There

are in Herb. Kew flowers and leaf of a cultivated plant from Burma (Hort. Kew),
resembling this, but with a purple lip.

7. L. macrotis, Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1809, 1110; habit and
leaves of L. Psyche, sepals triangular keeled, petals longer triangular
ligulate acute flat base broad, lip much longer than the sepals violet-black
iriangular-ovate from a broad 2-auricled base sulcate.

Assam (Hort. Day).

I have seen only flowers of what I take to be this (Hort. Kew), in which the
sepals are ovate-oblong, subacute, the petals much longer (4 in. long), linear-oblong,
obtuse, and the lip very like that of L. primulina, and of the same size, but dark
purple. The shape of the petals distinguishes it from primulina.

** Petals much longer than the sepals.

8. L. Psyche, Reichb. f. in Bot. Zeit. 1863, 98; in Gard. Chron.
1865, 342; stem tall stout, leaves 3-5 in. stout, rachis short, flowers few
large, petals linear-spathulate or obovate obtuse twice as long as the obtuse
concave sepals, lip broadly ovate-oblong retuse, base contracted saccate
2-auricled. Bot. Mag. t. 5558.

TENASSERIM ; at Moulmein, Parish. ? Kasia HILLs, alt. 3000 ft., Mann.

Stem 1 ft., internodes 1 in. Leaves strict, l in. diam. Sepals 4 in. long,
petals 1j in., variable in breadth, both pale greenish yellow. Lip convex, nearly
l in. long, violet-brown, tessellated with white or yellow, auricles erect, embracing
the white column, Capsule 131-2 in. long.—Mann's specimen is in fruit only. 1t
has a large clavate capsule as figured by Parish in his drawing of Z. Psyche.

9. L. tenuifolia, Blume Rumph. iv. 50; Mus. Bot. i. 63; stem long
slender, leaves 4-7 in., rachis $ in., flowers few large, petals narrow twice
as long as the ovate subacute concave sepals,lip narrowly panduriform
convex base broad 2-auricled, lip with 2 divergent lobes. Lindl. Fol.
Orchid.2; Thwaites Enum, 302; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FI.966; Walp. Ann.
vi. 619. L. Birchea, Blume Rumph. iv. 50; Mus. Bot. i. 63. L. zeylanica,
Thwaites mss. (C. P. 2347). Birchea teretifolia, A. Rich. in Ann. Sc. Nat.
Ser. 2, xv. 66, t. 10. Cymbidium tenuifolium, Lindl, Gen. & Sp. Orchid.
167 (ezcl. Syn.). C. triste, Wight Ic. t. 911 (non Willd.).

On the WESTERN GHATS, from the Concan to Travancore, Wight, Dalzell, &c.
CEYLON; in the Central Province, Macrae, Thwaites,

Leaves very variable in thickness, sometimes very long and slender. Sepals
4-3 in. long, yellowish green stained or streaked with red; petals more green;

Luisia, | OXLVIII, ORCHIDEZ, (J. D. Hooker.) 25

lip twice as long as the lateral sepals, white or greenish with deep purple base
and lobes, or purple and streaked with paler lines (Dalzell) disk with 3 large
calli. Macrae’s Ceylon specimen is like the Malabar plant. A. Richards’ figure of
Birchea teretifolia is a very bad one. Rheede’s figure in xii. t. 5, on which Linnæus
Epidendrum tenuifolium (Cymbidium, Willd.) was founded, is not a Luisia, the leaves
are grooved, and spike very different.

10. L. volucris, Lindl. Fol. Orchid. 1; stem stout, leaves 3-5 in.
stout, lateral sepals cymbiform with an acute dorsal wing, petals 2—4 times
as long 1-1} in. linear dilating to the rounded tip, hypochile oblong with
incurved basal auricles, epichile as long much broader ovate-cordate obtuse
fleshy. Walp. Ann. vi. 619.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA, J. D. H. Enn Mrs. and SILHET, Lobb, J. D. H. & T. T.
? Chittagong Hills, Zc. in Hort. Calcutt.

Stem 6-10 in., internodes 4 in. Rachis of spike in., very stout. Petals
and sepals very pale yellow-green; lip dark purple, epichile hardly cordate (as
described by Lindley). Capsules 1 in.—Flowerless specimens closely resemble
L. teretifolia. In the drawing of the Chittagong plant the stem is slender, the in-
ternodes are lj in. and leaves 7-9 in., the petals not dilated at the tip, and the
epichile of the lip green and grooved.

ll. E. antennifera, Blume Rumph.iv.50; Mus. Lugd. Bat. i. 64;
stem stout, elongate, leaves 3-4 in., rachis of spike very stout 3-1} in.,
petals linear 4 in. long twice as long as the cymbiform sepals, lip cuneately
oblong, epichile hardly distinct from hypochile which has a broadly
2-auricled base. Reichb. f. Xen. Orchid. i. 265, t. 78, f. 2.

Perak, Scortechini, King’s Collector.— DISTRIB. Borneo (Low).

Stem a foot and upwards ; internodes 1 in. (the largest of the genus except tristis),
as are the spikes, Flowers in Low’s drawing pale green with purple lip as long as
the sepals; in note by King’s collector, **pale greenish white waxy inner petals
dark blue,” possibly the dark blue is meant for the lip. The form of lip is the same
ìn a drawing by Scortechini of the Perak plant.

12. Ee tristis, Hook. f.; stem stout elongate, leaves stout 3-5 in.,
rachis of spike very stout 1-2 in., petals 2 in. long linear twice or thrice as
long as the sepals, hypochile of lip quadrate base 2-auricled, epichile short
broadly ovate-cordate grooved. Cymbidium triste, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 99.

pidendrum triste, Forst. Prodr. No. 314.

PENANG, Curtis. —DrsrRIs, New Caledonia,

Very like L. antennifera, having the same stout habit, foliage, and thick long
Tachis of the spike, but the lip is very different, and isas far as can be judged from the
indifferent Specimens in Herb. Forster, identical with that of his Epidendrum triste.

fili 13. L. Grovesii, Hook. f. ; stem very slender elongate, leaves 6-10 in.
liform, rachis of spike very short few-fld., lowers 1 in. diam., lateral sepals
cymbiform, petals twice or thrice as long narrowly linear obtuse, hypochile
of lip subquadrate flat, epichile broadly cordate, column very short broad.
EASTERN BENGAL; in the Looshai Hills, G. B. Groves (in Herb. Calcutt.).
Closely resembles Z. filiformis, but at once distinguished by the long petals.—
men need from two drawings of plants cultivated in Hort. Calcutta, one of a speci-
ell Without locality, the other localized as above. The sepals and petals are pale
vith ee the hypochile and column dark purple, the epichile pale purplish in one
“th darker margins, greenish in the other, in both dark purple at the base.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
"t MICROPTERA, Beicht, f. in Gard. Chron. (1870) 1503; leaves terete rather
th § raceme few.fld., flowers small, sepals ligulate acute, longer than the petals,
straw-cold., lip half purplish half yellow, hypochile ovate uncinate at the base

26 CXLVIII ORCHIDEX, (J. D. Hooker.) [Luisia,

on each side, epichile broadly triangular-ovate, column purplish, anther with 2 yel-
lowish eyes in the centre of each half.—Assam, Benson (Hort. Veitch).— Description
from the author l. c. Possibly the sepals longer than the petals is an error, due to the
omission of a comma in the phrase “ sepalis ligulatis acutis petalis longioribus."

CYMBIDIUM TENUIFOLIUM, Willd. of Thwaites mss. (C. P. 38530) is certainly not
L. tenuifolia, Bl., having short petals and a broad lip. It is probably a new species
near filiformis, but the specimen being solitary and only 1-füd. I leave it
undescribed,

50. COT TONIA, Wight.

An epiphyte, stem leafy. Leaves long, narrow, coriaceous. Scape tall,
very slender, branched. lowers in short terminal racemes. Sepals sub-
equal and narrower petals widely spreading. Lip sessile at the base of
the column, much longer than the sepals, flat, spreading ; side lobes minute
basal ; midlobe subpanduriform, retuse. Column short, foot 0; anther short,
2-celled ; pollinia 2, pyriform, 2-cleft; strap linear, sides recurved; gland
minute. Capsule slender, elongate.

C. macrostachya, Wight Ic. t. 1755; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl.
263; Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soe. iii. 99; Bot. Mag. t. 7099. C. pedun-
cularis, Reichb. f. in Cat. Orchid. Schiller 1857, 52; Thwaites Enum. 308 ;

Walp. Ann. vi. 860. Vanda peduncularis, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 216;
Dat Fl. Gard. iii. t. 253.

The Deccan PENINSULA; on the Ghats from the Concan southwards. CEYLON;
in the Central Province.

Stem 4-8 in., leafy; internodes short. Leaves 5-6 by 4-3 in., lorate, recurved,
unequally obtusely 2-lobed. Scape 12-18 in., strict, erect ; branches few, tipped by
short racemes ; pedicels long, slender; bracts ovate; flowers $ in. diam. ; sepals ob-
long and subspathulate; petals dirty orange with red streaks ; lip dark purple with @
broad villous golden margin; side lobes ear-like with 3 calli between them, the
median pubescent, disk of midlobe with median callus; column puberulous ; rostellum
obscure. Capsule 14 in.— Lip like that of Ophrys aranifera.

501. DIPLOPRORA, Hook. f.

Stem short, slender. Leaves faleately lanceolate, acuminate. Scape
short, simple, few-fld. Sepals widely spreading, keeled. Petals obovate.
Lip as long as the petals, margins adnate to the sides of the column, cym-
biform and sigmoidly curved, suddenly narrowed into a compresse
2-caudate tip, disk keeled. Column very short, foot 0; anther 2-celled;

pollinia 2, globose ; strap short linear, sides recurved; gland small. Capsule
slender.

_ D. Championi, Hook. f.; Ic. Plant. ined. Cottonia Championi, Lindl.
in. Hook. Journ. Bot. vii. (1855) 35; in Journ. Linn. Soc, iii.39; Benth. Fl.

-Hongk. 357. Luisia bicaudata, Thwaites Enum. 309. Vanda bicaudata,
Thwaites l. c. 429.

Bnuoraw HIMALAYA, Gammie. Knasia Mrs., alt. 3-4000 ft, J. D. H. & T. T.
TzwassERIM, Parish. CEYLON, Thwaites.—Distris. Hong Kong.

Stem 1-3 in., ascending. Leaves 3-4 by 1-1 in., thin and many-nerved when
dry. Scape 1-2 in., stout ; rachis flexuous ; flowers few, } in. diam., yellow; lip
with a deep longitudinal ridge within, sides streaked with red; column papillose.
Capsule 1} in.—Very distinct from Coftonia in habit, folinge, inflorescence and lip,
and much nearer Phalenopsis, but wants the appendages on the disk of the lip and the
side lobes, and differs strikingly in habit,

Stauropsis.] CXLVIII, ORCHIDEX, (J. D, Hooker.) 27

51, STAUROPSIS, Reich). f.

Epiphytes; stem stout, leafy. Leaves distichous, coriaceous, flat,
2-lobed. Flowers in lateral racemes. Sepals and similar but smaller
petals widely spreading. Lip sessile, adnate to the base or sides of the
column, incurved, base simple or saccate, lobes narrow, disk naked or hairy.
Column short, thick, foot 0, top truncate ; anther 1-celled; pollinia 2, sub-
globose, 2-cleft; strap broad, gland large.—Species about 8, Malayan.

l. S. giganteus, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii. 572; flowers very large
golden-yellow ocellately blotched with cinnamon, sepals and petals spathu-
lately obovate, lip white hatchet-shaped obtuse, base cordate, side lobes
rounded, midlobe narrow obtuse fleshy, disk with a broad conical callus.
Fieldia gigantea, Reichb. f. Xen. Orchid. ii. 399; Walp. Ann. vi. 871.
Vanda gigantea, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7326; Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 215; Fol.
Orchid. 2; Bot. Mag. t. 5189. Reichb. f. l. c. 38, t. 112; TU. Hortic. 1861,
277; Rev. Hortic. 1874, t. 291. V. Lindleyana, Griff. Notul. iii. 353.

TzNassERIM ; at Moulmein, Wallich, Griffith.

Stem pendulous. Leaves 1-2 ft. by 2-3 in., very thick, flat. Raceme 10-15 in.,
decurved, many.-fld.; rachis very stout; bracts short, broad; flowers 3 in. diam.;
lateral sepals horned behind below the tip.—Griffith describes two sterile stamens
between the lateral sepals and petals.

2. S. undulatus, Benth. mss.; flowers 1} in. diam. nearly white,
Sepals and petals spathulately oblanceolate waved, base of lip saccate
adnate to the sides of the column, midlobe laterally compressed 3-ridged
Vanda undulata, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 49; Reichb. f. in Gard
Chron. 1875, ii. 212 ; 1878, i. 168..

Eastern SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA; Sikkim and Bhotan, ascending to 6000 ft.
The Knasra Hrrrs, alt. 5-6000 ft. .

Stem 6-10 in.; sheaths and scape minutely warted. Leaves 8-4 by 4-3 in.,
unequally obtusely 2-lobed. Scape 5-8 in. and raceme strict, erect, laxly few-fid.
near the top; bracts 4 in. long, broad, obtuse; flowers white flushed with pink or
purplish ; sepals acuminate, undulate, lateral deflexed ; petals similar but smaller ;
lip yellow, base orbicular, sides streaked with pink; midlobe linguiform; tip
truncate, sometimes purplish ; pollinia globose, strap short, gland large transverse. —
I am very doubtful as to the affinity of this plant, which differs from $. giganteus
In the base of the lip being adnate to the sides of the column, and forming with it a
cup with a thickened rim.

52. ARACHNANTHE, Blume.
Characters of Stauropsis, but lip jointed on to the base of the column
and mobile.—Species 5 or 6, Himalayan and Malayan.

sp This character of the mobile lip requires confirmation in the living plant of some
ecies,

.* Flowers in simple racemes, Side lobes of lip much smaller than the
midlobe,

l A. Catheartii, Benth. in Gen. Plant. ii, 573; scape few-fld.,
lateral sepals and petals broadly elliptic obtuse, side lobes of lip small
rounded. Esmeralda Cathcartii, Reichb. f. Xen. Orchid. i. 38; Walp.
Ann. vi. 871. Vanda Cathcartii, Hook. f. Ill. Himal. Pl. t. 23; Bot. Mag.
t. 5845; Lindl. Fol. Orchid. 8; Ill. Hortic. 1858, 187 ; Flore des Ker. t. 1251 :
Warner Orchid. Alb. &. 168; Jenning's Orchid. t. 10; Floral Mag. N. S.
` 66; Gard. Chron. 1870, 1409.

28 CXLVIII, ORCHIDE®, (J. D. Hooker.) | Arachnanthe.

East NEPAL and SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 3-6000 ft., Grigith’s Collectors, J. D. H.,
"Ee, Buotan (Ic. in Hort. Calcutt.). .

Stem 12-18 in., stout, Leaves 6-9 by 1-1j in., flaccidly coriaceous, lorate,
unequally obtusely 2-lobed. Scape longer than the leaves, 4—6-fld.; bracts short,
broad; flowers 2-23 in. diam., fleshy ; sepals whitish beneath, above yellowish closely
barred with chocolate or red, dorsal obovate ; lip shorter than the sepals, oblong,
variable in breadth, side lobes erect speckled with red ; midlobe shoe-shaped, obtuse,

yellow, margins incurved sharply 2-keeled. Capsule 4 in., linear-oblong or sub-
pyriform,

2, A. bilinguis, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii. 573; scape few-Ad., lateral
sepals and petals oblanceolate, lip with a large recurved spur under the
limb, side lobes very small rounded. Renanthera bilinguis, Heichb. f. Xen.
Orchid. i. 7,t. 4. R.labrosa, Reichb. f.l. c. 88. Arrhynchium labrosum,
Lindl, in Post, Fl. Gard. i. 142.

TENASSERIM ; at Moulmein, Parish, &c. The Kuasta Mrs: at Nurtiung (Ic.
Jerdon).

Stem elongate, as thick as a swan’s quill or less. Leaves 5-8 by 4-4 in., keeled,
coriaceous, unequally 2-lobed. Scape long or short, greenish brown; flowers 4-6,
distant, 14 in. diam. ; sepals and petals obtuse, yellowish with broad red-brown or
blotched margins; lip yellow, very narrow, recurved; spur adnate, recurved, as long

as the limb, the tip of which is hence bifid with the lobes superposed; strap of
pollinia short, gland large.

3. A. Clarkei, Rolfe in Gard. Chron. 1888, ii. 567; scape few-fd.,
sepals and petals linear-spathulate obtuse. Bot. Mag. t. 7077. Esmeralda
Clarkei, Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1886, ii. 552.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt, 6000 ft., Clarke. Buoran (Je. in Hort. Calcutt.).

Stem 12-18 in., stout. Leaves 5-6 by 14-14 in., flaccidly coriaceous, lorate,
unequally obtusely 2-lobed. Scape 2-3-fld.; flowers 32 in. diam., yellow barred
with pale cinnamon-brown; lateral sepals and petals falcate; dorsal sepal erect;
lip half the length of the sepals, base narrowed ; side lobes short, broad, obtuse;

midlobe ovate-cordate, obtuse, ridged ; column speckled with red. Capsule 24 in.,
oblong, very thick.

** Flowers panicled. Side lobes of lip nearly equalling or exceeding the
midlobe.

4. A. Maingayi, Hook f.; lateral sepals broadly obovate, dorsal
narrower, petals linear-spathulate falcate, side lobes of clawed lip quadrate,
midlobe as long oblong fleshy, spur red beneath.

Maracca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1645).

Stem 4-6 ft., sheaths smooth, Leaves 3-5 in., linear-oblong ; tip narrowed, notched.
Panicle 1-3 ft.; branches short, divaricate ; pedicel and ovary stout; flowers 2 in.
diam. ; lip fleshy, not half as long as the sepals, yellow, sides blotched with red (7 claw

elastic,” Maingay) ; column short, truncate; strap of large oblong furrowed pollen
broadly linear, gland transverse,

9. A. moschifera, Blume Rumph. iv. t. 196, 199 ; lateral sepals and
petals narrowly linear-spathulate falcate, dorsal sepal straight, side lobes
of lip quadrate, midlobe as long obovate acuminate shortly spurred beneath.
Arachnis moschifera, Blume Bijdr.365, t. 96. Aerides arachnites, Swartz
in Schrad. Journ. 1799, 935 ; Willd. Sp. Pl.iv.131. Renanthera Arachnitis,
Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 217. R. Flos-aeris, Reichb. fF. Xen. Orchid. i.
85; Walp. Ann. vi. 878. Limodorum Flos.aeris, Swartz in Nov. Act. Upsal.
1740, 37. Epidendrum Flos-aeris, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1348.

PERAK, alt. 4-6000 ft., King’s Collector.—Disrris. Java, Borneo.

Arachnanthe.] cxiv. orones. (J. D. Hooker.) 29

Stem 4—6 ft., as thick as a swan's quill, sheaths smooth. Leaves 4-7 in.,
loriform or linear-oblong, tip narrowly notched. Panicle 2-3 ft.; branches very
short, divaricate, 2-3-fld. ; pedicel with ovary 1 in.; flowers 3-4 in. diam., dark
green or yellow barred with maroon; upper margin of side lobes recurved; anther
broad, truncate; pollinia very Jar ze, flattened ; strap broad with a median ridge.

53. PHALZENOPSIS, Blume.

Epiphytes; stem short, leafy; pseudobulb 0. Leaves distichous, coria-
ceous. Scape lateral; flowers usually large, loosely racemed. Sepals
widely spreading. Petals narrower or broader. Lip clawed or sessile,
adnate to the base or foot of the column, side lobes erect, midlobe various,
spur 0; disk variously appendaged, with usually a forked plate or callus.

olumn suberect, foot long short or 0; anther 2-celled; pollinia 2, sulcate
or 2-partite, strap linear or spathulate, gland large or small.—Species
about 25, Indian and Malayan.

_ The genus requires revision, and a careful examination of the lip, which is very
imperfectly figured and described by the authors who have had access to living

specimens. The beautiful P. amabilis has been sent from Singapore, where it is
eultivated,

* Lateral sepals inserted by a narrow base to the base or very short
foot of the column.

T Rachis of raceme compressed ; bracts fleshy, distichous.

1. P. Cornu-cervi, Par. & Reichb. f. in Hamb. Gartenz. 1860, 116;
Scape 6-10 in., flowers 2 in. diam. yellow-green barred with brown. Rolfe
în Gard. Chron. 1886, ii. 276. Polychilus Cornu-cervi, Breda Orchid. Jav.
t.1; Bot. Mag. t. 5570.

TENASSERIM; at Moulmein, Lobb, Parish. PERAK, Scortechini.—DI8TRIB.
umatra, Java, Borneo. i i
Leaves 3-8 in., oblanceolate. Scape stout, simple or branched; rachis 3-5 in. ;
bracts 4 in., oblong, tip rounded; sepals oblong-lanceolate ; petals shorter ; lip
subsessile, side lobes oblong, midlobe ovate acute with a short falcate wing on each
side of the tip; disk with a broad 2-awned plate at the base, and a flattened sword-
shaped compressed spur in front of it, —Habit of a Sarcochilus.

2. P. violacea, Teysm. & Binn. in Batav. Nat. Tydschr. xxiv.
(reprint 10); scape 2-12 in., lowers lin. diam. Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron.
1878, ii. 284; 1881, ii. 145, fig. 32, 187 ; Warner Orchid. Album, t. 182; Flor.

ag. N. 8. t. 342; Rolfe in Gard. Chron. 1886, ii. 277; II. Hortic. 1855,
eo" Schrederi). Stauritis violacea, Reichd. f. in Hamb. Gartenzett.

PERAK (Ie, Scortechini). SINGAPORE (fid. Warner l. c.)—DISTRIB. Sumatra.
Leaves 4-10 in., elliptic or oblanceolate, acute. Scape very stout, 1-7-fid. ;
Tacts ovate, acute; lateral sepals oblong-lanceolate, unequal-sided, acute, deflexed ;
petals smaller, oblanceolate; lip narrow, incurved, broadly clawed or stipitate; side
ws erect, narrow, linear, truncate; midlobe cuneately obovate, apex triangular
Acute crenulate, disk with a bicuspidate appendage at the base; column rather long.
pet ours of flower apparently very variable; Scortechini describes the sepals aud
petals as deep carnation with green tips, the side lobes of lip yellow dotted with
VW the midlobe purple; Warner's figure has a very short scape, few flowers, a
We " lateral sepal with cream-cold, inner margins, cream-cold, dorsal sepals and petals,
Perha Violet lip. According to Reichenbach the raceme is sometimes branched.—
APS two species are confounded under violacea.

30 CXLVIII. ORCHIDE®. (J. D. Hooker.) [Phalwnopsis.

tt Rachis of raceme terete.

3. P. Lowii, Reichb. f. in Bot. Zeit. 1862, 214; in Gard. Chron. 1862,
979; Xen. Orchid. ii. t. 151 ; petals fan-shaped very much larger than ei
oblong sepals, rostellum much longer than the column. Bot. Mag. t. 3391;
Fl. des Serres, t. 1910; Warner Select. Orchid. Ser. 2, t. 15; Rolfe in Gard.
Chron. 1886, ii. 276.

TENASSERIM ; at Moulmein, Parish. .

-Leaves 3-5 in., ovate-oblong or lanceolate, acute. Scape with lax-fid. raceme
10-24 in., slender, simple or branched ; flowers 11-2 in. diam. ; sepals white, dorsa
largest and broadest ; petals flushed with violet towards the base; lip sessile, wi
long as the lateral sepals, narrowly oblong, side lobes small, uncinately ugs
yellow, midlobe obcuneately oblong truncate and crenate at the tip purple; e
keeled and furnished with a transverse forked plicate callus at the base of the side
lobes in front, and with some soft spines behind; column and rostellum pale
purple.

4. P. Mannii, Reich. f. in Gard. Chron. 1871, 902; 1876, 503;
lateral sepals lanceolate acuminate, petals oblanceolate, lip clawed, side
lobes faleately oblong, midlobe panduriform truncate with two spreading
and recurved oblong caruncled apical lobules. Rolfe in Gard. Chron. 1886,
ii. 276.

Assam, Mann.

Leaves 6-10 in., oblong-lanceolate. Scape 12 in., branched; flowers many,
scattered, 1} in. diam.; sepals and petals yellow blotched with brown ; lip white
with purple blotches, disk with a forked appendage at the base of the midlobe, 10
front of which is a flattened sword-shaped spur; foot of column very short.—Flower

and appendages of lip very like those of P. Cornu-cervi; in both the column is long,
the pollinia ellipsoid.

5. P. speciosa, Reich). f. in Gard. Chron. 1881, i. 562; 1882, ii. 744,
fig. 130-132; sepals elliptic-lanceolate acute, petals similar but smaller,
lip sessile, side lobes small linear-oblong truncate toothed, midlobe laterally
compressed fleshy, tip dilated mallet-like papillose. Warner Orchid. Album,
t. 158; Gard. Chron. 1882, ii. 745, f. 130-132; 1886, ii. 277, fig. 56-58;
Reichenbachia, ii. t. 57 ; Rolfe in Gard. Chron. 1886, ii. 277.

AMDAMAN ISLANDS, Berkeley.

Leaves 8-12 in., obovate-oblong or -lanceolate. Scape tall, simple or branched ;
flowers 2 in. diam., scattered, white or rosy with darker blotches; lip with a forked
callus; column long, tip toothed, foot very short; pollinia oblong.—Var. Chris-

tiana, R. f, has rose-madder sepals and white petals; var. purpurata, R. f., bas
rose-purple flowers.

6. P. tetraspis, Heicht, f. Xen. Orchid. ii. 146; in Gard. Chron.
1881,ii. 562, 656; flowers as in P. speciosa, but waxy white with 2 2-awned
basal calli on the hairy disk. Rolfe in Gard. Chron. 1886, ii. 277.

ANDAMAN IsraNps, Col. Man.—DisTRIB. Sumatra.

Leaves 12 by 2-4 in., cuneately obovate. Scape tall, stout, branched.—I have
seen no flower of this.

7. P. Kunstleri, Hook. f.; sepals obovate apiculate, petals rather
smaller, tip rounded, lip shortly clawed, side lobes small broadly cuneate
truncate, midlobe obovate with 7 thick parallel ridges, tip rounded.

PERAK, Kunstler,

Leaves 4-6 in., obovate oblanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, acute, pale green.
Scape about equalling the leaves, 2~3-fld. at the tip ; bracts very small, ovate; flowers

Phalenopsis.] otemt, omOomipEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 31

lin. diam. ; sepals and petals dull yellow green mottled closely with dull red for
the basal half; lip small, white, side lobes erect streaked with red, midlobe red
purple between the ridges ; forked appendage small, with a 2-lobed callus behind
it; column about half the length of the lip; pollinia globose, strap short, cuneate,
gland quadrate.—Described from dried flowers and a drawing of the whole plant in
Hort. Caleutt.

** Lateral sepals inserted by a broad base on the elongate foot of the
column.

8. P. Esmeralda, Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1874, ii. 582; lateral
sepals orbieular-ovate, petals broadly obovate, claw of lip long geniculate
with two narrow recurved auricles, side lobes broadly faleately obovate,
midlobe oblong. Rev. Hortic. 1877, t. 107; Warner Orchid. Alb. vii. t. 21.
Floral Mag. N. S. t. 358; Rolfe in Gard. Chron. 1886, ii. 976; Orchidoph.
1881, t. 0. P. antennifera, ReicAb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1878, 398; 1882, 520;
Rolfe l. c. 1886, ii. 276.

Burma, Hort. Low.—DrtsTRIB. Cochin China.

Leaves 4—6 in. Scape 1-2 ft., simple or branched, slender; rachis elongate;
flowers 1 in. diam., amethystine ; side lobes of lip erect, appressed, red-purple ;
disk with a 2-awned callus in front of the auricles, and a raised thickened fleshy ridge
from the base of the side lobes to the tip of the midlobe.

9. P. Parishii, Reich. f. in Gard. Chron. 1865, 410; 1871, 802; Xen.
Orchid. i. 144, t. 156, £. 1. in Saunders’ Refug. Bot. t. 85; flowers small,
lateral sepals subrotund, lip short sessile, side lobes small falcate, midlobe
much broader shortly stipitate reniformly cordate. Bot. Mag. t. 5815;
Rolfe in Gard. Chron. 1886, ii. 276.

Eastern Himauaya, Lobb, Mann. CACHAR, Keenan. TENASSERIM, Lobb.

. Leaves 3-5 in., linear or obovate-oblong. Scape 3-4 in., 6—8-fld.; flowers
1 ìn. diam. ; sepals and obovate petals cream-cold. ; lip mobile, purple-brown ; disk
With a narrow 4-awned appendage at the base overlapping a much broader ciliate
lamina ; rostellum 3-partite.—The figure in Saunders’ Refug. is of var. Lobbii, R. f.,
Which has a white lip with two chestnut bands.

SPECIES OF DOUBTFUL POSITION.

P. Fusoata, Reichb. Jf. in Gard. Chron. 1874, ii. 6; “allied to P. Cornu-cervi,
Toots short, leaves very broad oblong obtuse acute, flowers medium-sized, sepals
oblong obtusely acute, petals cuneately oblong obtuse, lip 3-partite, side segments
ligulate retuse one toothed on each side, umbonate on the middle of the lower side,
mid-segment oblong acute keeled in the middle, base with a 2-toothed callus, and
with an aristate ligula on each side behind it, column not angled (ewangu/ata) at the
ase."— Malayan Peninsula, Hort. Bull.—Characters from Reichenbach 1, c., who
does not describe the inflorescence, or whether the column has a foot or not.

54. DORITIS, Lindi.

. Characters of Phalenopsis, and having the same 2-awned plate on the
Isk of the lip, but the column is narrowly winged, its foot longer forming
a Spur-like mentum with the side lobes of the lip.—Species 5, Indian and
alàyan.
D. pulcherrima, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7348 (Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 178, Reichb. f.
Zen, Orchid. ii. 7), a Siam species, with flowers nearly 1 in. diam. in a panicle 2-3 ft.
ong, probably occurs in the Straits region.
l. D. tænialis, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii. 574; scape short few-fld.,
mentum acute, side lobes of lip very narrow spathulate reflexed on the
sky tips of the forked appendage of the lip hooked. rides tweniale,

82 CXLVIII. ORCHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Doritis.

Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 239; in Journ. Linn. Soc, iii. 41. Æ. carnosum,
Griff. Notul. iii. 365; Ic. Plant. Asiat. t. 338 A.

SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA ; from Kumaon, alt. 3-6000 ft., eastwards to BaOTAN,
the KuasrA Mrs., MUNNIPORE and BURMA. ;

Roots 1-3 ft., flat, 1-3 in. broad, forming large tortuous tufts. Leaves few, 8-bin.,
obovate-oblong, obtuse or subacute, narrowed to the sessile base, soft when dry.
Scape 1-2 in.; bracts small, broad ; flowers 3 in. diam., mauve purple; midlobe of
lip dark red or purple. Capsule 14 in., fusiform.

2. D. Wightii, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii. 574; scape elongate simple
or branched, side lobes of spreading lip broad cuneate-obovate, midlobe
obcordate. Phalenopsis Wightii, Reichd. f. in Bot. Zeit. 1862, 214. Airides
latifolium, Thwaites Enum. 430.

Eastern HIMALAYA; Sikkim (Zc. in Hort. Calcutt.) ; Bhotan, Lister, CHITTA-
Gone (Hort. Caleutt.). BURMA; Moulmein, Parish; Mougong, Grifith. The
Cincans, Heyne. MALABAR, Wight, Ee, CEYLON, Thwaites.

Habit of D. tenialis, but leaves rather larger, scape much longer, and lip very
different.

005. RH YNCHOSTYLIS, Blume.

Epiphytic, stem stout leafy, pseudobulbs 0. Leaves very thick, linear,
2-lobed. Flowers in long dense drooping cylindric racemes, bright-cold.
Sepals and broader petals obtuse, spreading, contracted at the base. Lip
adnate to the base of the column, deeply saccate, mouth of sac pubescent
within, side lobes 0, outer margin produced into a clawed dilated limb.
Column short stout, foot 0; rostellum shortly beaked ; anther imperfectly
2-celled ; pollinia 2, subglobose, 2-cleft, strap filiform, gland small.—
Species 2 or 3, Indian or Malayan.

R. retusa, Blume Bijdr. 286, t. 49; leaves deeply channelled keeled
remorse or retuse, raceme drooping, sac cylindric much longer than the
limb of the lip. R. præmorsa, Blume l.c. R. guttata, Reichb. f. in Bonpland.
ü.93. R. Garwalica, Reichb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 888. Saccolabium gutta-
tum, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7308; Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 220; in Journ, Linn.
Soc. iii. 32; Bot. Mag. t. 4108; Wight Ic. t. 1745-6; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. 263; Hartm. Parad, ii. t. 3; Orchidoph. 1888, 273 (var. gigantea) ; De
Vriese Orchid. X. 14. Warner Sel. Orchid. Ser. 2, t. 18 ;. Griff. Ic. Pl. Asiat.
t. 819. S. praemorsum, Lindl. l. e. 221. S. Rheedii, Wight Ic. v. 19. S.
retusum, Fl. des Serres xiv. 191, t. 1463-4. S. Heathii, Hort., ex Gard. Chron.
1885, 369. S. Blumei, Lindl. Sert. t. 47 ; in Bot. Reg. 1841, Misc. 55 ; 1U. Hortic.
t. 545; Puydt. t. 37 ; Warner Orchid. Alb. t. 169 and t. 238 (var.) ; Pescator.
t. 21. S. garwalieum, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ii. 82; in Gard. Chron.
1879, 102. Sarcanthus guttatus, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1443. Ærides gut-
tatum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 471; Regel Gartenfl. 1863, 415. Æ. retusum,
Swartz in Schrad. Diar. 1799, 130; Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 130; Grah. Cat.
Bomb. Pl. 204. ZE.spicatum, Don Prodr.31. AI. praemorsum, Willd. Lé
Limodorum retusum, Swartz in Nov. Act. Upsal. vi. 80. Epidendrum
retusum, Linn. Sp. PL 1351.E. Hippium, Herb. |{Ham.—Rheede Hort., Mal.
xii. t. 1.

TnoPICAL HIMALAYA, from Garwhal eastwards to Assam and Tenasserim, and
MEME to BENGAL, the WESTERN PENINSULA and CkvroN,— DisTRIB. Malay
slands,

Stem stout, creeping in trees. Leaves 6-20 by 2-2 in.,c . in. 3
bracts broad, obtuse, membranous ; flowers 1-3 2 Siam "white obl with piak or
violet; lateral sepals gibbously orbicular-ovate, obtuse or apiculate, dorsal oblong i

Hhynchostylis.] erte, orones. (J. D. Hooker.) 33

petals elliptic, obtuse ; epichile of lip very variable in size, usually cuneiform, entire or
emarginate at the tip, disk flat or obscurely channelled. Capsule 1-1} in., clavate.—
Lindley errs in describing the fruit of R. Garwalica as different from R. retusa, also in
describing the blade of the lip of Sace. guttatum as lanceolate, which misled Wight,
who founded his S. Rheedii on the difference.

SPECIES UNKNOWN TO ME.
SACCOLABIUM BERKELEYI, Reichb. Jf. in Gard Chron. 1883, i. 814; from the
author’s remarks (there is no description) this appears to be near R. retusa, but the
lip is acute; the flowers are white with! amethyst spots. Its habitat is unknown,
but probably Indian.
SACCOLABIUM LITTORALE, Reichb. f. Lc. 1881, ii. 198, has very long leaves, a
short raceme, and the epichile cucullate, keeled and turned obliquely on one side.

56. SARCOCHILUS, Br.

Epiphytes, stem short or long, pseudobulbs 0, Leaves distichous, cr 0 at
owering time. Flowers racemose or spicate. Sepals spreading; lateral
adnate by a narrow base to the base of the column, or by a broad base to
its foot, and sometimes to the lip also. Peta/s usually narrower. Lip
sessile or clawed, very varied in form, side lobes small or large fleshy or
petaloid, midlobe sometimes reduced to a pubescent callus, disk very
various with often a callus or spur within. Column short or long, foot more
or less produced ; anther 2-celled; pollinia 2, sulcate, or 4 in pairs, strap
short broad. Capsule usually long, strict, slender.— Species about 40 known,
tropical Asintie, Australian and Pacific.

A polymorphous genus, no doubt to be dismembered when better known. The
following attempt to groap the Indian species possibly indicates the lines upon which.
some of the genera may be established.
or = Flowers loosely inserted all round the rachis of a more or less elongate raceme

Spike,

* Lateral sepals inserted by a narrow base to the base of the column, or base of
the column and sides of the lip. Foot of column 0 or very short.

Sect, I. Lip shortly clawed. Column short; rostellum minute. PTEROCERAS,
Hasselt. ` (Sp. 1-4.)

Sect. Il Lip sessile or subsessile. Column long; rostellum very long, slender.

TEREOCHILUS, Lindl. (Sp. 5.)

Sect. III. Lip long-clawed. Column short; rostellum very short. (Sp. 6-7.)

Sect. IV. Stem elongate, scandent. Lip sessile. Column short; rostellum very
(Sp. à TE? of globose pollinia very slender, gland minute. MICROPERA, Lindl.

** Lateral sepals inserted by a very broad base to the elongate foot of the
Column,

Sect. V. Leafless when flowering. Stem 0. Side lobes of lip large, erect, mid-
obe a tomentose pulvinus. CHILOSCHISTA, Lindl. (Sp. 12-15.)

Sect. VI, Leafing and flowering together. ip various. (Sp. 16-19.)
imb, lowers in very short spikes at the apex of a slender scape, bracts persistent,

Sect, VIT. FoRNICARIA. (Sp. 20-26.)
unit: Flowers distichous on a compressed rachis, which is pectinate from the

gun persistent laterally compressed fleshy bracts. . . foot; of
th ect. VIII. Peduncles stout, solitary. Lip stipitate, articulate with the foot o

e column, Geo, (Sp. 27-33.)
Sect. IX, Peduncles filiform, fascicled. Lip sessile. RipLEYA. (Sp. 34.)

Sect. I. Preroceras, Hasselt (gen.). (See above.)

l s. Suaveolens, Hook. f.; leaves lorate acutely 2-fid, raceme
VOL, VI. D

84 CXLVIII. ORCHIDE®. (J.D. Hooker.) ` [Sarcochilus.

elongate glabrous, side lobes of lip falcate, midlobe decurved with a re-
curved tip. Ærides suaveolens, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 473. Ornitharium stria-
tulum, Lindl. in Pact. Fl. Gard. iii. 473 (figure bad). Ornithochilus
striatulus, Hort. Caleutt, Thrixspermum teres, Reichb. f. Xen. Orchid.
ii. 121, 123 t. 140 (excl. syn.), in Trans. Linn, Soc. xxx. 136.

CHITTAGONG, Roxburgh. TENASSERIM; at Moulmein, Parish. .

Stem slender, scandent. Leaves 3-6 by 3-% in., many-nerved, coriaceous, base
contracted. Racemes 3-6 in., shortly peduncled, lax-fld. ; rachis stout ; bracts small,
rounded ; flowers A A in. diam., yellow speckled with red, very fragrant ; lip rather
laterally compressed ; midlobe light purple or speckled with pink.— Reichenbach has
referred this to the Javan P. radicans, Hassk. (Dendrocolla teres, Blume), a very
much larger plant, with oblong obtusely 2-lobed or notched leaves, racemes 2-3 ft.
long, and larger flowers (of which there is a drawing in Herb. Lindl). The lip 38

curious, the limb being a terete spur with a minute mouth close to the claw, much
as in Micropera and Sarcochilus Berkeleyi.

2. S. muriculatus, Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1881, ii. 198; leaves
6-9 in. lorate, racemes very short, peduncle and rachis viscid, lip shortly .
clawed saccate, side lobes broadly ovate obtuse, midlobe small obtusely
2-partite pubescent.

ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Kurz, Berkeley.

Stem 6-8 in., stont, rooting below. Leaves l-in. broad, obliquely notched or
2-lobed, lobes rounded. Scape with raceme 24-3 in., strict; bracts broad, obtuse;
flowers about j in. diam., light yellow, sweet-scented ; sepals and petals with two

purple bars; column rather long; anther ovate, pollinia globose, strap short flat,
gland small.—The lip is that of Sect. II.

* 3. S.stenoglottis, Hook. f.; stem very short stout, leaves broadly
lorate, tip broad rounded emarginate, peduncle shorter than the leaves
pendulous many-fid., sepals subsimilar oblong obtuse, petals as long
narrower obovate-oblong acute, lip nearly as long as the sepals very narrow
laterally flattened curved shortly clawed, with two small rounded auricles

beyond the claw, an elongated cup with toothed margins along the top
and an ellipsoid compressed terminal spur.

? Perak, Scortechini.— DISTRIB. Sumatra, King’s Collector.

Stem as thick as the thumb. Leaves decurved, 6-10 by 11-2 in., nearly flat.
Peduncle, 3 in., stout, deflexed, dull purple; bracts very small, ovate; pedicel with
ovary à in.; flowers 3-2 in. diam., very pale primrose; sepals and petals many-
nerved; lateral sepals with faint red bars near the base; lip white, the elongated
cup on the upper margin is edged with pink, and extends for about two-thirds of its
length, a perforation at the distal end leads to the hollow compressed ellipsoid
straight spur, which is in a straight line with the body of the lip, and resembles A
terminal lobe ; column winged narrowly to near the base, tip acute, rostellum beaked ;

anther shortly beaked, membranous ; pollinia long, strap spathulate, gland small.—
Deseribed from similar materials as S. aureus.

4. S. brachyglottis, Hook. f.; stem very short, leaves elongate
oblanceolate acuminate, peduncle short few-fld., sepals spreading subequa
lanceolate acuminate, tips horned at the back, petals nearly as long oblong-
obovate obtuse, lip very small laterally flat as seen in profile subcuneate
and obtusely 3-lobed in front, column very short subglobose, foot 0.

Perak, King’s Collector.

Stem 1-2 in., curved. Leaves 4-8 by 1-1} in., pendulous, finely acuminate,
nearly flat, keeled beneath. Peduncle 1 in., stout ; bracts minute, broad, persistent j
flowers $ in. diam. ; sepals and petals white with a faint pink blush, nerves obscure;
lip not half the length of the sepals, adnate to the foot of the column, so compressed

Sarcochilus.] CXLVIII. ORCHIDEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 35

that the sides are almost in contact, leaving a narrow slit along the top as the opening
to the cavity ; of the three short lobes seen in looking sideways at it, that towards
the column represents the side lobes, a shorter below it a spur? and the interme-
diate the apex of the lip; there are no internal caruncles or sepals; the edges of the
lip are smooth and. yellow, and there are a few red spots on the side; column with a
narrow base, very oblique top, sloping backwards, and very concave face; rostellum
minute, erect, 2-fid; anther shortly beaked, 2-celled; pollinia globose, strap short,
gland oblong.—It is impossible to describe the form of the minute lip of this curious
Species inteligibly. I shall hope to give figures of it and of S. aureus in King's
“Annals of the Calcutta Botanical Gardens.”

Sect. II. SrEREOCHILUS, Lindl. (gen.). (See p. 33.)

9. S. hirtus, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii. 576; leaves lorate very thick
straight horizontal, raceme pubescent, lip a conical sac with short acute
2-toothed side lobes and a large double callus below the column within.
Stereochilus hirtus, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 58.

Kuasta Mrs., alt. 5000 ft., J. D. H. § T. T. TENASSERIM, Parish. .

Stem very short. Leaves 3-5 in., very thick. Racemes 1-3 in., drooping ;
peduncle and rachis slender; bracts short, broad, membranous ; flowers 4-} in. diam.,
pink, pubescent ; lateral sepals adnate to the obscure foot of the column and base of
Ip ; petals narrower, falcate, obtuse ; lip white and pink ; column white; anther purple,
long-beaked, 2-celled ; pollinia 4, oblong, stipitate in pairs on the spathulate end of a
very long slender strap, gland minute. Capsule not seen.—Lindley errs in describing
the lip as solid with a pair of horns at the base; it is a conical cup, the mouth oblong,
and the horns are the 2-fid side lobes which appear to rise out of the cup. The
callus below the column is that of Cleisostoma, and the strap and stipitate pollinia
are those of Saccolab, § Uncifera.

Sect. III. (See p. 33.)

6. S. aureus, Hook. f.; stem very short, leaves large long loriform
2-lobed, peduncle stout several-fld., flowers large, sepals lanceolate acum1-
nate many -nerved, petals subsimilar, lip shorter than the sepals, claw long
narrow rigid linear, side lobes falcately cuneate, midlobe a short erect crest
at the base of the globose subdidymous spur.

Pznax, King’s Collector.

Stem as stout as the little finger. Leaves 4-10 by 1}-2 in., very coriaceous,
keeled, Peduncle from below the leaves, 2-7 in., stout, nearly straight ; flowers
Scattered towards the end of the peduncle ; bracts very short, broadly ovate, per-
sistent ; pedicel with. ovary $ in., straight; sepals 1 in., and petals golden yellow ; lip
about 2 shorter than the sepals, claw caruncled where it expands to meet the blade,
and then perforated for the passage to the globose spur; side lobes erect, white barred
with dull pink; disk with a caruncled transverse crest over the base of the spur;
column stout, rostellum inconspicuous ; anther very shortly beaked, pollinia globose,
“Tap subspathulate, gland narrow.—A_ beautiful species, described from several
drawings lent by Herb. Caleutt. and the analysis of dried flowers.

7. S. Cladostachys, //ook.f.; stem very short, leaves loriform tip
"arrowed bifid, peduncle much shorter than the leaves clavate few-fld.,
+ bals and petals narrowly elliptic-lanceolate finely acuminate, lip shorter
3 on the sepals, claw narrow rigid linear, side lobes oblong obtuse, midlobe
S-fid, side lobules quadrate retuse, mid-lobule (spur?) short rounded.

Matava, Kunstler (Ie. in Herb. Caleutt.). ? PERAK, Ic. Scortechini. Lo:
fi Stem 1 in., not very stout. Leaves recurved and pendulous, 6-12 by 1i-2 in.,

at, keeled. Peduncle 14 in, or more, green; bracts ovate; pedicel with ovary $ in. ;
"on white, lj in. diam.; sepals $in. long, and petals spreading, cream-cold. ;
D2

36 est, omOHibEx. (J. D. Hooker.) [Sarcochilus

claw of lip spotted with purple, lateral lobes purple, midlobe cream-cold., spur speckled
with purple; column rather short; anther hardly beaked, yellow, pollinia subglo SH
strap short.— Described from a drawing in the Caleutta Gardens. Evidently a M
to S. aureus in the form of the lip, but the whole plant is much smaller. The pedunc e
is clavate, the sepals and petals much smaller and narrower, and as well as the lip
differently coloured. Scortechini’s drawing is of a young plant.

Sect. IV. MICROPERA, Lindl. (gen.). (See p. 33.)

8. S. purpureus, Benth. mss.; raceme peduncled lax-fld., flowers pale
purple, lip strongly laterally compressed hatchet-shaped, side lobes 0, sac
with a strong included recurved spine under the tip. Micropera pallida,
Wall. Cat. 7321 (in part). Camarotis purpurea, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7329;
Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 219; Bert. Orchid. t. 19; in Journ. Linn. Soc. 11. 37;

Pazt. Mag. Bot. vii. t. 25. C. rostrata, Reichb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 881.
Ærides rostratum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 474.

Kuasta Mrs., near Churra. SILHET and CHITTAGONG, Roxburgh, Wallich., Be,
Stem 2-3 ft., as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves 3—4 by } in., obtusely 2-lobed,
toothed or notched. Racemes equalling or exceeding the leaves, laxly many -fld. ;
bracts short, broad; flowers j-$ in. diam.; sepals and ratber smaller petals very

obtuse; beak of column turned on one side, flexuous. Capsule 1j-2 in. long
slender.

9. S. Roxburghii, Hook. f.; raceme long-peduncled decurved rather
dense, flowers cream-white, lip slipper-shaped laterally compressed, side
lobes large rounded, sac with an exserted spine under the tip. Microper
pallida, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. under t. 1522; in Wall. Cat. 7321 (in part);
Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 219. Camarotis pallida, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. m.
37. Ærides pallidum, Roxb. FT. Tad, iii. 475 (not of Lindley).

BENGAL; at Comilla, Clarke. Cutrracone, Roxburgh, Ze, TENASSERIM; 8b
Mergui, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 5241), Helfer (K. D. 5251).

Stem 2-3 ft. Leaves 2-3 by 1 in., tip rounded, notched. Peduncle with raceme
longer than the leaves ; bracts persistent ; flowers many, in. diam. ; sepals and petals
as in M. purpurea, but néarly white; beak of column straight. The Microperé
pallida of Wallich’s Herb. in Linn. Soc. consists of one sheet of S. purpurea, one

of Saccolab. ramosum, and one of Sarcanthus secundus ; but there are specimens of
pallida under his number 7321 in Herb. Lindley.

_ 10. S. obtusus, Benth. mss. ; raceme very shortly peduncled erect, lip
slipper-shaped tip obtuse decurved, side lobes incurved ; anticous scale ere¢

under the truncate 3-lobed tip. Camarotis obtusa, Lindl. in Bot. Reg.
1884, Misc. 73; Walp. Ann. vi. 881.

TENASSERIM ; at Moulmein, Griffith, Parish.

_ Stem 6-8 in., not so thick as a goose-quill, simple or branched. Leaves 2-3 b
2 in., subacute, keeled, often recurved. Raceme subsessile, lax-fld.; bracts broa%
acute ; flowers i in. diam., pale rose-cold, ; sepals and petals linear-oblong, obtuse;
lip yellowish with a subsaccate decurved apex, mouth with an exserted anticous
lamella, midlobe minute 3-toothed ; beak of column long, obliquely incurved.

11. S. Mannii, Hook. f. ; raceme very short sessile few-fld., lip slipper-
shaped obtuse decur

ved, side lobes obtusely triangular i d. anticous
scale truncate, close under the fleshy entire tip. MEE

ae Hiris, alt. 2-3000 ft., Maun.
item a8 thick as a goose-quill, Leaves very coriaceous, 4 by 2-2 in. Racemé
4-3 in. long; flowers } in. diam., apparently pale; sépals and pats spathulately

Sareochilus.] ^ otemt, orcHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 37

oblong; lip with the claw as long as the saccate portion.—Very much stouter and
larger more coriaceous-leaved than S. obtusus. Lip with a ridge along the posticous
ace.

Sect. V. CutroscuismA, Lindl. (gen.). (See p. 33.)

12. S. usneoides, Reichb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 497 ; racemes elongate
many-fid., flowers white, capsule 11-2 in. Chiloschista usneoides, Lindl. in
Wall. Cat. 7330; Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 219; Bot. Reg. under t. 1522; Sert.
Orchid. Frontisp. LA: in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 43; Gard. Chron. 1846, 135.
Thrixspermum usneoides, Reichd. f. Xenia, ii. 120.

Tropican HIMALAYA ; Nepal, Wallich. SIKKIM, J. D. A.

Roots densely tufted, tortuous; stem 0. Raceme 3-6 in.; bracts ovate, acute,
membranous ; flowers subsessile, } in. diam.; sepals spreading, oblong, obtuse; side
lobes of lip linear-oblong, obtuse ; disk between the lobes pubescent ; midlobe truncate,
emarginate; column very short; rostellum indistinct ; anther broadly ovate, with 2-3
slender sete 3 pollinia 2, 2-lobed, strap very short broad, gland large. Capsule
slender, slightly curved, glabrous,

13. S. luniferus, Heicht, f. in Gard. Chron, 1868, 786 (Thrixsper-
mum); racemes elongate, many-fld. flowers yellow spotted with purple.
Sarcochilus luniferus, Bot. Mag. t. 7044.

Stxxrm HIMALAYA, J. D. H.; at Mungpo (Ic. in Hort. Calcutt.). TENas-
SERIM ; at Moulmein Parish.
Except in the colour of the flowers I can find no difference between this and
S. usneoides, the authority for the colours of which latter is a drawing made by
Wallich’s artists during his visit to Nepal, and another in Sikkim. Parish observes
Gt very small leaves are sometimes produced, and these have been seen in Kew
ardens,

14. S. Wightii, Hook. f.; racemes short few-fld., flowers white or
cream-coloured, capsule $ in. long. Chiloschista usneoides, Wight Ze, t. 1741
(exel. the left-hand figure) (not of Lindl.) ; Walp. Ann. vi. 498. ? JEceoceadus
Retzii, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 237. Epidendrum pusillum, Retz Obs.
vi. 49. Limoderum pusillum, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 126.

MALABAR; at Cochin, Johnson. NILGHIRI Hrs: on the western slope of the

Wynaad, Wight, &c. CEYLON, on trees in the Botanical Gardens ; Trimen.
, A very imperfectly known species; Wight's figure represents the side lobes of the
ID as somewhat crenate, and the sepals and petals as glabrous without and hairy
within, the flowers as much smaller than in C. usneoides, the capsules as much
shorter and stouter.—The left-hand figure (No. 7) on Wight’s plate represents a very
different plant, which I do not recognize. There is in Herb. Kew a specimen,
apparently of S. Wightii, from Ceylon (Herb. Hort. Peradeniya), sent by Dr. Trimen
(C.P. 4017), who has since informed me of its locality.

15. S. minimifolius, Hook. f.; raceme few-fld., capsule 5 in. long
Cymbidium minimifolium, Thwaites mss.
CEYLON; Cehtral Province, at Hattegodde Hill, Thwaites. .
Roots much more slender than in S. usneoides. Leaves 2, very minute, Raceme
in.; flowers 4 in. diam.; side lobes of lip rounded, nearly as large as the
latera] sepals, Capsule much curved, pubescent. — The specimens are insufficient for

further description.
Sect. VI. (see p. 33).

16. S. Berkeleyi, Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1882, 557 (Thrix-
.Permum) ; raceme elongate decurved, lip long-clawed produced into an
elongate clavate laterally compressed obtuse spur with an inflated tip,
side lobes small erect, midlobe minute incurved.

38 CXLVIII. ORCHIDER. (J. D. Hooker.) [Sarcochilus

NICOBAR ISLANDS; Berkely.

Leaves 6-9 by 1-1} in., lorate, narrowed from above the middle to the base,
obliquely obtüsely 2-lobed. Peduncle short, compressed ; raceme 4-6 in., drooping,
with many erect white flowers ; bracts short, broad, membranous ; sepals 4 in. long,
broadly ovate, lateral inserted on the long foot of the column; petals broadly obovate;
midlobe of lip violet; column rather long, rostellum 2-cuspidate ; anther broad, low;
pollinia 2, globose, strap short broad, gland orbicular. Capsule 5 in., narrow, curved.

—The lip is unlike that of any other species of the genus, resembling rather that of
ZErides.

17. S; leopardinus, Par. & Reichb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 145
(Thrixspermum) ; stem short, raceme few-fld. much shorter than the leaves,
sepals broadly oblong, petals much smaller, lip sessile, side lobes wing-like
oblong obtuse, midlobe small, spur large urceolate.

TENASSERIM ; at Moulmein, Parish.

Stem 2-3 in., curved. Leaves 4-6 by $—1 in., lorate, fleshy, narrowed from the
middle downwards, obtuse, many-nerved. Peduncle very stout; lower sheaths
annular; bracts short, broad, obtuse; flowers yellow spotted with purple; sepals
2 in. long, obtuse, lateral inserted on the long foot of the column, dorsal smallest;
lip with a large dorsal callus over the mouth of the descending fleshy round-based

spur; midlobe recurved, broadly ovate, caruncled, white spotted with purple; anther
depressed, pollinia broadly pyriform, sessile on a small gland.

18. S. viridiflorus, Hook. f. ; stem very short, leaves 2 by 2 in.
faleately oblong, raceme shorter than the leaves 4-8 fld., lip narrowly
clawed, side lobes faleate obtuse as long as the cylindric obtuse spur,

midlobe reduced to a broad humid carunculate lobe. i ridi m,
Thwaites Enum. 430. obe. Ærides viridifloru

i15) Ar on trees in the Central Province, Gardner (C.P, 3385), Trimen (C.P.
Leaves sessile, fleshy, nerveless, obliquely notched. Raceme half as long few-fld. ;
bracts small, broad, obtuse, membranous ; flower } in. diam. ; lateral sepals broadly
obliquely ovate, obtuse, 5-nerved, adnate to the short foot of the column for half
its length, the other half forming the claw of the lip; petals linear oblong, obtuse
1-nerved.—I have seen only one small specimen and a coloured drawing.

19. S. hirsutus, Hook. f.; stem short, leaves lorate emarginate
base narrowed, peduncle and very short raceme hirsute, lateral sepals ovate
obtuse, petals oblong-obovate, lip very short stipitate on the prolonged foot
of the column, side lobes elongate falcate, midlob ` d
disk with a broad transverse plate in front o Side labes compressed

f the side lobes.
PERAK, Kunstler (Hort. Bot. Calc.)

Leaves 4-8 by i-l} in., flat, narrowed from bey i i
rounded with a notch. ` Peduncle with 4-6-fd. ecce D edle downwards, $
with ovary jin. ; flower subglobose, expanded 2 in. diam. ; sepals and tals volden
barred with carmine ; lip pale, half as long as the sepals, claw dilated and coneave at
the base of the side lobes, a short serrated cupular membrane rises between the base
of the side lobes over the base of the narrow compressed midlobe; column rather
long, base contracted ; anther shortly beaked, apiculate behind L-celled; ollinia
globose, strap short linear, gland small,—Described from drawing in Hort. Qaleutt.,

and analysis of dried flower. It is very difficult to describ i

` R s the structure of the lip;
its claw may be the base of the column produced bey hei : Weg
based lateral sepals. p ced beyond the insertion of the broad

Sect. VII. Fornicarta, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii, 575
20. S. Hystrix, Reichb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi

(See p. 33.)
900; peduncle about a$

Sarcoehilus.] ^ otemt, omoHipEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 39

long as the short loriform leaves, bracts erect subulate-lanceolate, side
lobes of the lip glandular-hairy. ^ Dendrocolla Hystrix, Blume Bijdr. 991.
Jrides Hystrix, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 242. Thrixspermum Hystrix,
Reichb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 145. Grosourdya Hystrix, AKeichb. f.
Xen. Orchid. ii. 123; in Bot. Zeit. 1864, 297.

TENASSERIM ; at Mergui, Grifith (Kew Distrib. 5232), Parish. —DISTRIB. Java.

Stem 1-3 in. Leaves 2-3 by 4-2 in. obtusely 2-lobed; sheaths ribbed.
Peduncle 2-3 in., stout or slender, 2-3 sheathed ; spike 4-1 in.; flowers white ;
sepals and petals } in. Jong, lanceolate, acuminate; lip stoutly clawed, spotted with
yellow, base saccate, side lobes triangular, midlobe truncate glandular-pubescent
within ; column very short; anther broad; pollinia 2 bipartite or 4 in very unequal
pairs, strap broad, gland rounded. Capsule 21-4 in., linear, straight.—Reichen-
bach is my authority for this being a Javan plant, and for the Javan synonymy.

21. S. pulchellus, Trim. Cat. Ceyl. Plants, 89; characters of S.
Hystrix, but side lobes of lip glabrous. Dendrocolla pulchella, Thwaites
Enum. 430. Cylindrochilus pulchellus, ibid. l.c. 307.

CEYLON ; in the Central Province, ascending to 2000 ft. .

Bentham (Gen. Plant. iii. 575) suspects that this and Hystrix are one, but in the
absence of good specimens of either I hesitate to unite them.—Capsule 2-23 in. ; the
sepals and petals are lanceolate, acute, lateral inserted on the very short foot of the
short column. Capsule 24-83 in., slender, straight, subacute.

22. S. hirtulus, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined.; peduncles hirtulous, much
shorter than the faleately lanceolate obtusely acuminate leaves, bracts
minute, spur long incurved, column very long contracted at the base.

PERAK, Scortechini. MALACCA, Maingay.

Stem very short, or 0. Leaves 3-5 by 4—2 in., coriaceous, falcate, narrowed from
the middle downwards, tip recurved. Peduncle 4-1 in.; spike }-} in.; bracts
Spreading; flowers membranous; lateral sepals } in. long, obovate-oblong, acute,
3-nerved ; petals narrower; lip clawed, side lobes very narrow, elongate, recurved,
midlobe much broader than long, formed of two faleately recurved lobes with an
Intermediate tooth; spur swollen above the narrow apex; anther shortly beaked ;
Pollinia 2, globose, stipitate on the cuneiform strap, gland minute. Capsule 1} in.,
very slender.—A curious little plant with a longer column than usual in the genus.

23. S. recurvus, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined. ; peduncles much longer than
the shortly loriform leaves, spike oblong, bracts broadly ovate densely
imbricate acuminate recurved.

PERAK; Limbo Hills, in Larut, King’s Collector.

Stem very short. Leaves 1-2 in., narrowed to the base, obtuse or retuse.

Peduneles 4-5 in. rather stout; spike j—2 in. ; bracts very coriaceous; flowers not

24. S. trichoglottis, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined.; stem elongate,
Peduncles shorter than the shortly loriform leaves, spike short, bracts
ovate-lanceolate, lip sessile saccate hirsute within, side lobes rounded hairy
on both surfaces, midlobe a minute tooth.

PERAK, Scortechini, King’s Collector. SINGAPORE, Ridley. .

, Habit and foliage of S. Hystria, but sepals and petals much narrower, and lip

üry.—Described from King’s specimen and drawings by Scortechini and Ridley,
Who has sent me a sketch of a flower of what appears to be this species from Singa-
pore. The lateral sepals are inserted at the base of the footless column.

25. S. filiformis, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined.; stem elongate, leaves

40 CXLVIII. ORCHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Sarcochilus.

8-10 in. filiform terete, peduncle much shorter than the leaves, lip a spur-
like cylindric sac with orbicular side lobes.

PERAK ; at Larut, on branches of trees, King’s Collector.

Stem in the only specimen 3 in.; sheaths 4 in., strongly ribbed; roots very long
and slender. Leaves about 1 in. diam., flexuous. Peduncles 15-3 in.; spike 4—4 in. ;
bracts 3, in., broadly ovate, obtuse, fleshy; pedicel and ovary 4 in.; flowers white;
sepals } in., oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, lateral adnate to the broad foot of the column;
petals obtuse, 7-nerved ; lip sessile, side lobes large, midlobe the lunate apex of the
subeylindrie round basal sac, calli 0; column very short, foot broad fleshy.—
Flowers much like those of S. Trimeni, but habit very different.

26. S. merguensis, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined.; stem short, peduncles
much shorter than the small linear-oblong leaves, bracts imbricate erect,
capsule 1-11 in. linear terete beaked.

TeNASSERIM ; at Mergui, Griffith (in Herb. Lindl.).

A remarkable little species, with the stem 4 in. long, clothed with the imbricating
bases of the distichous leaves, which are about an inch long. Peduncles 1-1 in., fili-
form ; raceme } in.; bracts ovate, acuminate, Capsule shortly pedicelled, j in.
diam., striate, beak A in. .

Sect. VIII. CúcuLLa, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii. 575. (See p. 33.)

27. S. lilacinus, Griff. Notul. ii. 934; Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 320, f. ii.;
stem elongate, leaves amplexicaul ovate-cordate, peduncle very long, sepals
and petals broadly ovate many-nerved, lip saccate, side lobes falcate obtuse,
midlobe small recurved, disk with a prominent callus. Walp. Ann. vi. 499.
S. amplexicaulis, Reichb. f. in Walp. l. c. Dendrocolla amplexicaulis,
Blume Bijdr. 288. rides amplexicaule, Lindl. Gen. & Sp.. Orchid. 239.
Orsidice amplexicaulis, Reichb. f. in Bonpland. ii, 93. ^ Thrixspermum
amplexicaule & lilacinum, Reichb. f. Xen. Orchid. ii, 121.

- MALAY PENINSULA ; from Perak to Singapore, in marshes.—Distris. Malay
slands.

Stem 2-3 ft., as thick as a goose-quill, decumbent, internodes 1-2 in. ; roots very
slender. Leaves 14-2 in., tip rounded, sheaths smooth. Peduncle 8-10 in, ; sheaths
obtuse, appressed ; raceme 1-8 in., few or many-fld.; rachis 4-angled ; bracts } in.,
obtuse, not imbricating; ovary very slender; sepals 1 in., lateral adnate to the
produced foot of the column, and petals white lilac or bluish; lip white, yellowish
and pubescent within, base with a tuft of hairs; column very short; anther hyaline;
pollinia 4, pairs very unequal, oblong, sessile on a reniform strap. Capsule 4-6 in.,
linear, straight, angles narrowly winged.

28, S. Scopa, Reichb. f. mss. in Herb. Kew (Thrixspermum) ; leaves
linear-oblong sessile obtuse, peduncle rather longer than the leaves, sepals
and petals lanceolate with very long capillary tails many-nerved, lip
shortly stipitate saccate, side lobes falcate acute, midlobe small acute
papillose, disk with a columnar callus.

PERAK ; at Larut, on branches of trees, King’s Collector.
Stem and roots like those of S. lilacinus; internodes 2 in. Leaves 3-4 in.
coriaccous. Peduncle 2-8 in., at right angles to the stem; raceme 1 in, ; bracts

j in., ensiform, subacute; sepals 1j long and petals many-nerved, margins of lip
papillose.

29. S. Scortechini, Hook. f.; leaves oblong lorate 2-lobed, peduncle
very long rather slender, sepals and petals lanceolate with long narrow
tips, lip saccate, side lobes short, midlobe conical obtuse fleshy.

Sarcochilus.] CXLVIII, ORCHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 41

PERAK, Scortechini.

Stem 6 in., very stout, covered by the sheaths, internodes $ in. _ Leaves 4-6 by
1-1} in., coriaceous. Peduncle equalling or longer than the leaves (9 in. in Ic. Scort.) ;
raceme 2 in., bracts close set, 2 in. long; sepals 2} in. long, 3 in. broad at the base
and petals yellow; lip yellowish, thickly mottled with rusty red outside; pollinia
4, 2 much smaller, adnate to the larger; gland lunate, strap oblong. Capsule
4-5 by Lin.—I know these noble species only from a drawing and description by
Scortechini.

30. S. Arachnites, Reichb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 498; stem elongate,
leaves loriform, peduncles shorter than the leaves, sepals and petals linear-
anceolate caudately acuminate 3-5-nerved, lip saccate, side lobes falcate,
midlobe tongue-shaped laterally flattened obtuse puberulous. S. serrze-
formis, Reichb. f Lc. Dendrocolla Arachnites, Blume Bijdr. 287, t. 67.
ZErides Arachnites, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 238. Liparis serrzeformis,
Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1946; Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 33 (excl. Ceylon plant).
Thrixspermum Arachnites, Reichd. f. Xen. Orchid. ii. 121.

Assam, Jenkins, Mann. KHASIA Mrs., alt. 4000 ft., Clarke. TENASSERIM and

AYVOY, Wallich, Parish. PgNANG, Kunstler (Ic. in Hort. Caleutt.). —DIsTRIB.
aya.

Stem 6-12 in., curved or tortuous, internodes short; roots most numerous and

‘long. Leaves 3-6 by 3-3 in. Peduncles many, 2-4 in., solitary or in pairs, bracts

in; sepals and petals 1} in., yellow; lip mottled with red ; column very short ;
pollinia oblong, curved, strap very small, quadrate, gland still smaller, lunate.
Capsule 2-23 in.

31. S. complanatus, Hook. f.; habit, foliage and inflorescence of
S. Arachnites, but flowers very much smaller, sepals and petals 3-3 in.
acute not caudate, lip a small sessile cup with an incurved minute midlobe
and a callus in the concavity. Dendrocolla serreformis, Lindl. Gen. & Sp.
Orchid. 33 (the Ceylon plant only); Thwaites Enum. 307. Epidendrum
complanatum, Metz Obs, vi. 50. Limodorum complanatum, Wilid. Sp. Pl.
1v. 126 ; Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 127. l

CEYLON, Macra+, Walker ; Ambagamowa and Saffragam districts, rare, Thwaites.

Like 8. Arachnites. I can distinguish it only by the very different flower
and form of the lip; and for these characters I am indebted to a copy ofa drawing
In the Peradeniya Dot. Garden. The leaves vary from 2-7 by 4-4 in., obtuse or un-
Sal notched ; the peduncle from 1-3 in., and the raceme from 1-5 in.; capsule
"sin, linear, straight; pollinia 4 in unequal pairs narrow, quite distinct, and without
Strap or gland in the figure.— There is a specimen of this in Herb, Rottler, without

abitat, named Epidendrum complanatum, Retz. Obs. vi. 50.

. 92. S. brach stachys, Hook. f. ; stem rigid, sheaths 1-2 in. strongly
Del when dry, leaves oblong, "edd with the few-fld. raceme much
shorter than the leaves, sepals oblong and obovate-oblong petals obtuse,
Side lobes of sessile lip faleate incurved, midlobe as long fleshy oblong,
Spur scrotiform.

PENANG ; on blocks of stone amongst decayed leaves, Maingay. tched

D as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves 23-3 by $-1 in. obtuse, na n
eduncles at every node with the raceme 1 in., very stout, rigid ; bracts 3. column

vb rounded ; sepals and petals about 1 in. Jong, keel narrowly winged ; column
ery short ; anther low, not beaked.

35.8 ; igi ather distant ob-
ZC: pauciflorus, Hook. f.; stem rigid, leaves r i

long obtuse, peduncle much hortor than the leaves 2-3-fid., sepals oblong-

needlate acute, petals nearly as large obovate-obloug obtuse, lip stipitate,

42 Cem, ORCHIDER, (J. D. Hooker) [Sarcochilus.

side lobes broad rounded obtuse, midlobe small fleshy obtuse with a conic
callus at its base, sac or spur short recurved obtuse.

PERAK; on the Larut range, alt. 3000 ft., Scortechin?.

Stem 1 in. diam., flexuous. Leaves 21-8 by 1}-1} in., coriaceous. Pedunele
with raceme 1 in., basal sheaths imbricate; bracts } in., subacute; sepals $ in. long,
white; lip yellow, with a broad lamella between the side lobes; column very short ;
anther depressed ; pollinia 2, each 2-lobed, strap short.

Sect. IX. RIDLEYA, geen P (See p. 33.)

34. S. notabilis, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined.; sepals and petals filiform
from a narrowly lanceolate 3-nerved base, lip sessile at the base of the
column deeply saccate, mouth dilated, tip contracted into a capillary tail.

SINGAPORE, Ridley.

Stem very short. Leaves 11-2 in., subsessile, elliptic oblong, strongly striate
when dry. Peduncles 3 or more from one point on the stem, 44 in. long, curved,
naked; raceme 23 in., rachis } in. diam. across the ovate incurved coriaceous subacute
bracts; pedicel and ovary very slender, } in. long; perianth very membranous,
white? sepals and petals $ in. long, 3-nerved at the base; lip a large sac rounded at
the base, delicately veined ; column very short, foot 0; anther low, membranous,
2-celled ; pollinia 2, clavate, sessile on a rather large gland.—A very singular and
beautiful little plant, which I hesitate to remove from Sarcochilus as a genus, an
dedicate to its discoverer. It closely resembles in flower S. Arachnites, but the
stemless habit, foliage, inflorescence and footless column are very different.

SPECIES UNKNOWN TO ME OR IMPERFECTLY KNOWN.

THRIXSPERMUM FREEMANI, Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1877, 749; dwarf,
roots warted, leaves 6-7 by 1} in. ligulate unequally 2-toothed, racemes many-fid.,
bracts semiovate larger than the small ovary, sepals linear long narrow, petals 3
little shorter, lip small saccate 3-toothed, with 4 small stipitate globose warted bodies
before the base, centre white, lateral parts yellow with brown streaks.—Assam,
Freeman.—Raceme like a yellow-brownish spotted broom.

S. SILLEMIANUS, Reichb. f. in Gard, Chron. 1882, i. 524; habit of Vanda teres,
leaves slender elongate terete, peduncle 2-fld., bracts very short triangular, flowers
milk-white suffused with yellow, mentum long, dorsal sepals elliptic, lateral cuneate-
oblong, petals obtusely rhomboid, lip erect trifid, spur corniform nearly as long as
the pedicel of the ovary, side lobes subquadrate striped with purple, midlobe shorter
thick retuse 4-grooved, white outside with 2 purple blotches, yellow within, calli 0,
columu short thick, anther inappendiculate.— Burma ?

S.—Sect. Cuculla ; resembles S. brachystachys, but stem much more slender,
internodes 4-1 in., not strongly ribbed when dry.—Mergui, Griffith (No. 1124).

S.—Sect. Cuculla ; resembles S. Arachnites, but capsule 4 in. long and pro-
portionately stout.— Perak, Scortechini.

S.—Sect. Cuculla; a very small species ; stem 1-2 in., curved, peduncle 1 in.
slender, bracts few distant acute, young capsule 1 in., very slender.— Khasia Hills,
at Amwee, J. D. H. & T. T.

57. TRICHOGLOTTIS, Blume.

Epiphytes; stem elongate, leafy. Leaves distichous, flat, narrow-
Flowers in branched panicles or solitary or few in very short racemes.
Sepals and petals widely spreading oblanceolate or subspathulate. Lip
adnate to the sides of the very short column, narrow, base saccate oF
spurred ; side lobes one or.two pairs of narrow processes ; midlobe straight, oF
decurved from the middle, hairy. Column very short, sides produced into

Sarcochilus.] OXLVIII, ORCHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 43

2 spurs or horns; anther incompletely 2-celled; pollinia 2, globose, strap
rather short, gland moderate.—Species 3 or 4? Malayan.

In the absence of good materials, I am doubtful as to the correctness of the above
definition of Trichoglottis. Bentham refers Blume's T. retusa to Saccolabium ; and
by replacing that author's character of “ lip adnate to the whole length of the
column, with a process on each side," by “lip adnate to the foot of the column and
forming with it a long borizontal spur-like mentum " and omitting that of a hairy
lip, he excludes the others. I am disposed to regard the hairy-lipped species figured
by Blume in his Bijdragen (T. retusa, 360, fig. viii.) as the type of the genus. That
this is Kurz's and Reichenbach's view appears from the plants they have referred to
it. In this case Trichoglottis is referable to the group with no foot to the column.
There are amongst Scortechini's drawings of Perak Orchids, one or two that are
referable to this genus, but the analyses are insufficient.

l. T. Dawsoniana, Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1872, 699; flowers
panicled pale green Spotted with brown or purple, sepals and petals cuspi-
date on the back below the concave tip, lip saccate at the base tip 2-fid.
Cleisostoma Dawsoniana, Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1868, 815.

TENASSERIM ; at Moulmein, Parish. .

, Stem 1-2 ft., stout, rooting. Leaves few 3-6 by 2-1 in. Panicle 18 in., erect,
stiff, branches spreading ; bracts broadly ovate; pedicel with ovary 3 in.; flowers
1-1} in. diam. ; anther 2-lobed, crested ; pollinia large, strap short slender.— Near

fasciata, R. f., erroneously supposed to be a native of Ceylon, of which there is a

he drawing in Hort. Calcutt., giving Manilla as the habitat.

2. T. quadricornuta, Kurz in Journ. Beng. As. Soc. xlv. 156,
t. 13; glabrous, leaves linear-lanceolate subsessile acuminate, flowers
solitary or 3-4-panicled, sepals obovate-oblong obtuse, petals similar but
narrower, lip strongly arched inflexed 2 posterior lobes acute twice as long
as the basilar, with a hirsute callus between them, terminal lobes reflexed

linear 2-fid, with a callus under the tip, spur subobtuse rather longer than
the midlobe.

Nicozar ISLANDS; forests of Kamorta, Kurz. . :
eaves 2—34} in., base narrowed, twisted. Flowers leaf-opposed ; pedicel i IN. ;
Sepals $ in. long, lateral subfalcate ; column very short; pollinia globose.—Description
from Kurz ], c., I have seen no flowers.

58. IERIDES, Lour.

Epiphytes ; stem leafy, pseudobulbs 0. Leaves linear, coriaceous.
Flowers usually many and highly coloured, in dense or Jax decurved racemes
ew large or sessile in Sect. 1.). Sepals broad, spreading, lateral adnate to
the base or foot of the column. Fetals broad, spreading. Lip spurred,
side lobes large small or 0; midlobe larger than the side lobes or smaller
d d ineurved between them. Column short, foot long or short, rostellum
CM long and bifid; anther 2-celled, beaked or not, pollinia 2, globose,
) ©; strap long o ; nd large or small.— Species a ,
Eastern Asiatic g or short, gla g

I am indebted for aid i ini i ies of Sect. ii. & iii. to
or aid in determining the cultivated species of Sect.

Messrs, Veitch for specimens, and to Great knowledge of his assistant, Mr. Kent,

of Mr. Rolfe (of the Kew Herbarium) for valuable information respecting them.

Sect. I. Leaves t : lso Æ. mitratum.)

. erete, grooved in front. (See also

Ach 1-2-fld. Spur slightly incurved, with a callus half way down
be. Anther shortly beaked.

44 OXLVII. oROHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Ærides.

1. Æ. Vandarum, Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1867, 997 ; 1875, 590;
1885, ii. 629, fig. 143; leaves 6-10 in., peduncle stout, side lobes of lip nar-
rowly lanceolate, outer margin toothed, midlobe clawed tip dilated 2-partite.
Æ. cylindricum, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4982 (not of Lindl.) ; Lindl. in Journ.
Linn. Soc. iii. 41 (the Sikkim plant); Warner Orchid. Alb. iii. t. 116.

SUBTROPICAL Sikkim HIMALAYA, alt. 5000 ft, J.D.H. Kuyasia HILLS,
alt. 4—5000 ft., J. D. H. & T. T. MUNNIPORE, alt. 4000 ft., Watt.

Stems 1-2 ft., tufted, as thick as a goose-quill; roots 4 in. broad, flat. Leaves
as thick as a duck’s-quill. Peduncle 1-1} in.; flowers 13-2 in. diam., white;
perianth with crisped margins; sepals obovate-oblong ; petals broader; side lobes
of lip flexuous, as long as the cylindric spur; segments of midlobe orbicular,
toothed ; pollinia globose; strap narrowly cuneate, gland large. Capsule 13-23 in.
fusiform.

2. Æ. longicornu, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined.; leaves 6-8 in., peduncle
very slender, side lobes of lip 2-partite, segments elongate subulate, mid-
lobe narrow clawed, tip slightly dilated 2-fid. Mesoclastes uniflora, Lindl.
in Wall. Cat. 1993; Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 45. Luisia uniflora, Blume
Rumph. iv. 50; Mus. Bot, i. 64; Lindl. Fol. Orchid. 3. .

Nepat, Wallich. UPPER Assam; Naga Hills, alt. 5500 ft., Clarke. .

Much more slender than ZE. Vandarum. Leaves as thick as a sparrow-quill.
Peduncle 1 in. ; flowers 1 in. diam., white; perianth with crisped margins; lateral
sepals much larger than the orbicular-oblong petals; side lobes of lip shorter than
the long spur, segments curved forwards, outer shortest, midlobe membranous, lobes
divaricate, Capsule 2 in., fusiform; peduncle and pedicel very slender.

3. Æ. cylindricum, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7317; Gen. & Sp. Orchid.
240; leaves 2-6 in., peduncle short stout, side lobes .of lip oblong obtuse,
midlobe short cuneiform fleshy many-ridged. Wight Ic. t. 1744; Gard.
Chron. 1875, i. 537 ; 1886, i. 405, fig. 81. Epidendrum subulatum, Retz
Obs. vi. 50. Limodorum subulatum, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 126. Cymbidium
elegans, Herb. Heyne.

DECCAN PENINSULA; from the Coorg Hills, Heyne, to Travancore, Wight, &c.

Stem elongate, as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves as thick as a crow-quill, very
obliquely acuminate. Flowers 2-3, 1} in. diam., white or tinged with pink ; sepals
obovate-oblong, obtuse, lateral decurved; petals broader, shorter ; side lobes of lip
erect, nearly as large as the midlobe, which is yellowish at the base; spur recurved ;
column rather long ; strap of pollinia short, broad. Capsuie 2 in. fusiform or sub-
clavate.— The ridged lip is that of Vanda.

Sect. II, Leaves lorate, keeled (semi-terete in Æ. mitratum), Side
lobes of Zip very small, midlobe large; spur incurved.

* Lip horizontal or inflexed.

4. FE. mitratum, Jeichb. f. in Bot. Zeit. 1864, 415; leaves very
long filiform, side lobes of lip minute uncinate, midlobe broadly ovate
retuse, spur short inflated. Bot. Mag. t. 5728.

TENASSERIM ; at Moulmein (Hort. Day).

Stem 1—2 in., and roots very stout. Leaves 2-3 ft., din. diam., deeply grooved
above. Racemes many, suberect, 3 in, long, cylindric ; peduncle very stout ; bracts
minute, acute; flowers $ in. diam.; petals and sepals subsimilar, oblong, tips
rounded, white or tipped with violet; lip longer and broader than the sepals,
violet ; spur contracted at the neck, inflated, compressed, base truncate, obtuse, tiP
pointing forwards.

5. Æ. multiflorum, Rozb. Cor. Pl. iii, 63, t. 271 ; FL Ind. iii. 4753
midlobe of lip hastately ovate tip rounded, spur short straight. Belg.
Hortic. 1876, 286; Walp. Ann. vi. 807. Æ. affine, Wall. Cat. 7310;

4Erides.] oXLviii, oROHIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 45

Lindl, Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 239; Sert. Orchid. t. 15; in Journ. Linn. Soc.
iii. 41; Bot. Mag. t. 4049 ; Warner, Sel. Orchid. Ser. i. t. 21. Æ. roseum,
Lodd., ex Paat. Fl. Gard. ii. 109, t. 60; Jard. Fleur. ii. t. 200; Gartenfl.
viii. 253, t. 267; TU. Hortic. ii. t. 88. Æ. Lobbii, Hort. ex. Ill. Hort. 1868,
1.9059 (an Teism. & Binn. P. Æ. Veitchii, Hort. ex Morven in. Belg. Hortic.
1876, 291; Williams Man. 70. Æ. trigonum, Klotzch. in Otto & Dietr.
Allgem. Gartenz. 1855, 177. Epidendrum geniculatum, Herb. Ham.

TROPICAL HIMALAYA ; from Garwhal eastwards, the Kasra HILLS, and south-
ward to TENASSERIM. . .

Stem 4—10 in. stout. Leaves 6-8 in., deeply channelled and keeled, variable in
breadth, 2-lobed. Racemes 6-12 in., rarely branched, shortly peduncled ; flowers
1-11 in. diam., rose purple, sometimes spotted with darker; sepals and petals sub-
equal, oblong, tips rounded; lip twice as long, sides recurved, claw geniculately
inflexed, spur 4 as long as the midlobe, pointing forwards under it with an incurved
fleshy 2-lobed callus on the base of the midlobe; column beaked ; anther long-
beaked, strap long slender. Capsule 3-2 in., subclavate, stoutly pedicelled. —
Common and variable. Lindley overlooked Roxburgh’s works. In Griffith s
Eastern Himalayan collections, a fruiting specimen of which is a different species,
or perhaps a very large var. of this or the following, with leaves 12-14 by 1} in.,
and a stout raceme 12-16 in., the capsules are of multiflorum.

6. HE. Fieldingii, Lodd. ex Morren in Belg. Hortic. 1876, 980, t. 10;
characters of Æ. multiflorum, but a much more robust plant, with a
lifferent habit of growth, and an acute apex of the hastate midlobe of the
lip. Jenning’s Orchid. t. 20: Reichb. f. in Hamb. Gartenzeit. 1855, 225 ;
ron. Belg. Hortic, 1876, 286. Æ. Williamsi, Warner Sel. Orchid. Ser.
i. t. 21,

SIKKIM HIMALAYA and Assau. .

^m indebted to Mr. Kent, of Messrs. Veitch’s establishment, for calling my
attention to the differences between this and ZE. multiflorum. They are difficult of
etection in Herbarium specimens, According to fhe published figures the flowers
vary in colour, white, red, and purple. Æ. Williamsi is a white flowered variety.
he figure of Æ; afine in Bot. Mag. (cited above under multiflorum) is referred to

aldingi by Morren, but it is of far too slender a habit.—The Foxbrush Orchid. of
rdens,

1 7. Æ. maculosum, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1845, t. 98 ; in Gard. Chron.
845, 691; midlobe of lip ovate tip broad obtuse or retuse margins

int, Spur slender uncinately incurved. Paat. Mag. Bot. xii. t. 49;
alp. Ann. v. 897; Pescatorea, i. t. 33; Lindenia, i.t. ll. Saccolabium

‘peclosum, Wight To. t, 1674, 1675.

Abo ESTER GHATS; from the Concan to Travancore. RAJPOOTANA; on Mt.

b Near A multiflorum, but stem shorter, leaves more flat, racemes more often
Tanched, flowers larger but very variable in size, pale spotted with purple, tip
right Tose, Spur longer and more slender.— Var. Schkrederi, Jard. Fleurist. t. 51;
Gard, C? Mag. Bot. ii. 121, with jig. ; Pesiatorea, t. 36. Æ. illustre, Reichb. f. in
ard. Chron, 1882, 7, is a robust form with fewer shorter leaves, and large flowers

blotched with purple, and amethystine tip. s
i S 7E. crispum, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7319; Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 239;
Lian dg. 1841, t. 55; in Gard. Chron. 1842, 711 (with fig.) ; in Journ.
De Soc. iii, 41; midlobe of lip large broadly ovate-oblong obscurely
oped crenate or toothed, spur very short obtuse. Bot. Mag. t. 4427;
896. d Gibs, Bomb, Fl. 965; Flore des Serres, v. t. 48; Walp. Ann. vi.
i Ill. Hortic. 1847, 123; Gard. Chron. 1859, 24, with Fig.; Belg. Hortic.
2407; Warner Orchid. Alb. vii. t. 293 (var.). Æ. Lindleyanum, Wight

46 otemt, ORCHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Ærides.

Ic. t. 1677 bis.; Lindl. im Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 41; Wall. l. c. 8719. A.
Brookeii, Lindl. in Gard. Chron. 1841, 518; 1842, 559; Batem. in Bot.
Reg. 1841, Mise. 55; Paxt. Mag. Bot. ix. t. 145; Flore des Serres, t. 151.
A. Warneri, Hort.

WESTERN GuHats; from the Concan to Travancore. . .

Stem 4-10 in., very stout. Leaves 4-8 in., from oblong to lorate, variable in
breadth, thickly coriaceous, lobes unequal rounded. Racemes 8-12 in., inclined or
drooping, simple or branched; pedicels very robust; flowers 1} in. diam., sweet-
scented; sepals and petals very broad, pale rose; lip geniculately inflexed at the
claw, rose or purple, 2-cornute at the base; spur much shorter than the blade, and
projecting forwards under it; anther long-beaked, strap of pollinia slender below,
dilated above. Capsule 14-2 in., clavate or pyriform, angles subalate.—I find no
character whereby to separate Æ. Lindleyanwm. Lindley says of Æ. Brookeit,
more odorous than Æ. odoratum.

9. Æ. falcatum, Lindl. in Pact. Fl. Gard. ii. 149 ; side lobes of lip
.half as long as the clawed midlobe dimidiate oblong or falcate, midlobe
ovate or ovate-cordate sides replicate erose, spur parallel to the midlobe
and concealed under it. Reichb. f. Xen. Orchid. i. 220, t. 92; Morren
Belg. Hortic. 1876, 288; Walp. Ann. vi. 807. Æ. Larpentae, Hort. Makoy
Prix Cour. 1862; Reichb. f. in Otto & Dietr. Gartenz. 1856, 219. Æ. retro-
fractum, Wall. mss.

TENASSERIM, Wallich, Parish, &c.

Stem 6-8 in., robust. Leaves 8-12 by 1-1} in. Raceme decurved or pendulous,
lax-fid.; flowers 1-1} in. diam., white, pale-violet, purple or pink; sepals an
petals often, tipped with a darker shade, aud lip usually darker ; lateral sepals with

a very broad base; column beaked; foot elongate; anther long-beaked ; strap of
pollinia slender, gland small.

10. Æ. crassifolium, Par. & Heicht, f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 145;
characters of Æ. falcatum, but much more robust, with shorter leaves,
dark purple flowers and the spur geniculate at the base and not hidden
under the midlobe of the lip. Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1877, i. 633, and
ii. 492, fig. 96; Otia Hamburg. 43; Warner Sel. Orchid. Ser. 3, t. 12.
Æ. expansum, Reichd. f. l. c. 1882, ii. 40.

TENASSERIM ; at Moulmein, Parish.

Very nearly allied to Æ. falcatum, the chief difference being the form of the
spur and that the sides of the midlobe of the lip are so reflected as that their under
surfaces meet.— Var. Leone, Reichb. f. in Bull. Soc. Tor. d'Orticult. x. t. 14;
Williams’ Orchid. Man. t. 14, is described as having retuse side lobes of the lip and
an expanded midlobe.

** Lip deflexed.,

ll. HE. radicosum, A. Rich. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. xv. 65, t. i. C5
stem short very stout, leaves 4-10 by 3-14 in. unequally 2-lobed, racemes
or panicles very stout rarely exceeding the leaves, sepals orbicular an
rather smaller petals 5-nerved, side lobes of lip minute, midlobe ovate,
disk with 2 large basal calli, spur longer than the sepals stout incurve
obtuse. Saccolabium Wightianum, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7303 (in part);
Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 221 (excl. Syn.); in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 36 (exch.
Khasia); Wight Ic. t. 917. S. rubrum, Wight Ic. 1673 (mot of Lindl.).
S. ringens, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7313; Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 220; in Journ.
Linn. Soc. iii. 36; Walp. Ann. vi. 884.

The Deccan PENINSULA; on the Nilghiri and Pulney Hills, and at Quilon,
Wight, &c. A

Stem as thick as the thumb. Leaves leathery, rigid, mottled with purple in

rides. | CXLVIII. OROHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 4T

Wight’s S. rubrum. Pedunele very short and stout; raceme simple or sparingly
branched, rachis stout; bracts minute; flowers 2 in. diam., bright red in Wight’s
S. rubrum, nearly white with rosy tips in his S. Wightianum; spur about as long
as the blade of the lip, incurved, obtuse; anther beaked ; strap of pollinia short,
subtriangular, gland large. Capsule 2 in. long, pyriform, angled and grooved.

12. Æ. lineare, Hook. f.; stem short stout, leaves 6-12 by i-i in.
very unequally 2-lobed, panicle long peduncled much branched longer
than the leaves, flowers as in JE. radicosum, but rather smaller rose-cold.
Saccolabium lineare, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7312. S. paniculatum, Wight Ic.
t. 1676; Reichb. f. in Bonpl. iii. 225. Cymbidium lineare, Herb. Heyne.

DECCAN PENINSULA ; on the Ghats from Canara southwards, alt. 5-7500 ft.,

Wight, &c. CEYLON ; in the Doombera district, Thwaites. . . .
. As far as I can judge from dried specimen Æ. bineare is with difficulty dis-
tinguishable from Æ. radicosum, except by the more slender very much branched
Panicle, and rather smaller flowers, Wallich’s specimens of Sacc. lineare are very
ad.— The Synonyms of this and the preceding may be mixed.

Sect. III. Leaves lorate, keeled. Midlobe of lip incurved between the
much larger side lobes.

13. Se odoratum, Lour. FI. Coch. 525; lobes of leaf large rounded,
lateral sepals much larger than the dorsal and petals, midlobe of lip
oblong-lanceolate acute entire or erose. Lindl, Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 239;
tn Journ, Linn. Soc. iii. 4] ; Bot. Mag. 4139; Pazt. Fl. Gard. ii. t. 148 ;
Flor. Cal, ii. 75; Maund Botanist. iv. t. 180; Knowles & West. t. 75;
Hartm. Parad. ii. t. 4; Walp. Ann. vi. 898, Lindenia, t. 14(var.). Æ. cor-
nutum, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 63; Fl. Ind. iii. 472; Bot. Reg. t. 1485.

TRoPIcaL HIMALAYA; Nepal, Wallich ; Sikkim, J. D. H. The Kuasra HILLS,
Situer, CHITTAGONG and TeNasseRIm. The Concan, Heyne in Herb. Rottl.—

ISTRIB. Java, China, Cochin- China. .

Stem 4-12 in. very stout. Leaves 6-10 by $-1$in. Racemes many, 10-12 in. ;
Peduncle and rachis stout; flowers purple to nearly white, sweet-smelling, often
Purple-spotted or -tipped; side lobes of lip subcuneate, midlobe short; spur very
arge, uncinately incurved ; column short; anther obtuse ; strap of pollinia not long,
inear, gland small, Capsule 1-14 in., oblong-clavate, angles obtuse ; pedicel 5 in.,
Very stout

Var. bicus idata; mi ip with a bicuspidate tip.—MaAracca, Maingay
(Kew Distrib. 1648) i Penan Qo Hort. Caleut.). A specimen of this sent from

Calcutta (Garden?) to Herb. Hooker by Dr. Carey is named by the latter Æ.
cornutum

FI 14. TÓE. suavissimum, Lindl. in Journ. Hort. Soc. iv. 263; in Part.
Gard. ii. 141, t. 66; differs from Æ. odoratum in the midlobe of the 1p
1898 longer and emarginate. Jard. Fleur. t. 213; Rolfe in Gard. Chron.
90, i. 43; Walp. Ann. vi. 898. Æ. Reichenbachii, Linden in ‘Koch &
sten. Wochenschrift, 1858, 61; eicht, f. Xen. Orchid. ii. 11, t. 104.
«Nobile, Warner Sel. Orchid. Ser. 1. t. 11; Gartenft, 40, H gece
-o p manum, Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1884, i. 206. Æ. flavidum, .
Tage nt. on Gard. ii. 101. Æ. Ballantinianum, Reichd. f. in Gard. Chron.
PENANG and Bur
: MA, .
are Said to be the sweetest scented species of the genus, but more definite characters
Wanting to distinguish it from Æ. odoratum. The sepals and petals are rosy

With low e: inianum i ]
owering pua ker tips, the spur yellow mottled red. Æ. Ballantinianum 1s an early

l5. 3E. Emerici, Reichs. f. in Gard. Chron. 1882, 586; lobes of

48 CXLVIII ORCHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Ærides.

leaf long narrow subacute, sepals longer than the petals, midlobe of lip
lanceolate acute.

ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Berkeley.

Stem 6-8 in. Leaves 10-12 by ł-14 in., lobes much longer than in Æ. odoratum.
Racemes 6-8 in.; flowers À in. diam., pale lilac, pedicels 1 in., side lobes of lip
rounded, entire; spur short, stout; foot of column very short; anther shortly
beaked ; strap of pollinia long, linear.—Much the smallest flowered of the Indian
species.

SPECIES UNKNOWN TO ME.

JE. Borasst, Ham. ex. Smith in Rees Cyclop. xxxix. No. 8, is undeterminable.

Æ. DECUMBENS, Griff. Notul. ii. 365 (without descript.); Ic. Plant. Asiat.
t. 820, fig. 1; Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 423; from Mogoung in Burma.
Stem very short. Leaves 2-4 in., elliptic, acute, many-nerved ; peduncles several,
short, stout, few-fid.; bracts small, triangular; pedicels with ovary $ in., erect;
flowers 3 in. diam.; lateral sepals very broad, obtuse.—This has the habit of a
Phalenopsis.

Æ. LASIOPETALUM, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 130, is undeterminable.

Æ. LEPIDUM, Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1883, i. 466; leaves lorate obtusely
2-lobed, flowers white ascending, sepals and petals subequal oblong apiculate, tips
and of lip and spur purple, side lobes of lip short triangular, midlobe larger triangular,
spur filiform curved as long as the pedicelled, with a slender curved ascending tooth
in the middle of the cavity.—British India, Berkeley,

Æ. MENDALI, Jenning’s Orchid. under t. xxx., without description, is probably
Æ. falcatum.

Æ. PACHYPHYLLUM, Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1880, ii. 230; leaves short
most fleshy obtusely unequally 2-lobed, raceme short few-fid., sepals and rather
shorter petals oblong-ligulate obtusely acute crimson-lake, side lobes of lip subtrian-
gular short, midlobe purple triangular minute, spur white cylindric obtuse inflated
longer than the pedicelled ovary, column whiie.— Burma (Hart. Veitch.).

Æ. RIGIDUM, Ham. ez. Smith in Rees Cyclop. xxxix. No. 12, is undeterminable.

09. RENANTHERA, Lour.

Epiphytes; stem elongate, branched, leafy; pseudobulbs 0. Leaves
rigid, 2-lobed. Flowers large or medium sized, in lateral spreading
panicles. Sepals narrow, widely spreading, dorsal erect, lateral deflexed
or placed under the lip, oblanceolate or spathulate, at first parallel or
connate. Petals narrow. Lip very small sessile, jointed on the base 9
the column, saccate, side lobes erect. Column short, truncate, foot U;
pollinia large, 2-grooved or 2-partite, strap short, gland transverse.—
Species 5, Indian, Chinese and Malayan. '

L R. coccinea, Lour. Fl. Cochin Ch. ii. 637 ; flowers 2-24 in. diam.
lateral sepals free, much larger than the dorsal, midlobe of lip ovate
lanceolate recurved. Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 217; Bot. Reg. t. 1131;
Bot. Mag. t. 2997-8; Pazt. Mag. t. 49; Reichb. Fl. Exot. t. 114; Walp.
Ann. vi. 875.

TENASSERIM; at the Moscos Isds., opposite Tavoy, Parish.—Distris. Cochin
China. .

Stem 1-3 ft., stout. Leaves 2—4 in., distant, oblong or shortly lorate. Peduncle
2-3 ft., erect; branches long, divaricate, lax-fld.; bracts very small, broad ; lateral
sepals scarlet, dorsal and petals linear, orange-red, spotted ; lip yellow, tip of small
spur and midlobe scarlet; strap of pollinia linear acute.

2. R. elongata, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 218 ; flowers $ in. diam.,
sepals subequal lateral free, midlobe of lip tongue-shaped revolute with 2

Benanthera.] CXLVI. ORCHIDER. (J. D. Hooker.) 49

basal calli. Reichb. J- Xen. Orchid. i. 88; Walp. Ann. vi. 876. R.
matutina, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1843, t. 41 (not of Gen. & Sp.) ; Prescatorea, i.
t. 11. R. micrantha, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 60; Reichb. f.l. c. i. 87. Sacco-
labium reflexum, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7309; Gen & Sp. Orchid. 225.

SINGAPORE, Wallich. PERAK, Scortechini, &c. Matacoa, Griffith (Kew
Distrib. 5242), Maingay (K. d. 1644)-—DisTRIB. Malay Islands.

Habit and foliage of R. coccinea, but much more slender, bracts ovate reflexed,
flowers much smaller and more numerous, orange yellow with red spots. Lip with
the side lobes short, broad, margins revolute; spur large, cylindric, obtuse, some-
what recurved; strap of pollinia linear acuminate, gland small. Capsule 1 iv.,
fusiform, angles acute.—King’s collector describes the flowers as dark-red.

3. R. angustifolia, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined.; flowers 1j in. diam.,
lateral sepals lanceolate abruptly clawed, at first connate, midlobe of lip
minute acute recurved.

PERAK ; on Gunong Bata Pateh, Wray.

Stem as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves 4-9 by 4-4 in. linear, recurved. Scape
long, sparingly branched ; pedicel with ovary 1-1} in.; lateral sepals inserted by a
point, and narrower dorsal acuminate ; side lobes of lip very small, rounded; spur
pomico-cylindrie ; top of column hispid; pollen large, oblong, strap broad, gland
arge,

SPECIES UNKNOWN TO ME.

R. ursrRIONICA, Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1878, ii. 74; low, leaves lanceolate
acuminate, raceme laxly few-fld., sepals and petals cuneately ligulate obtusely acute,
lip 3-fid, side lobes triangular, midlobe ligulate acute with two incumbent trian-
gular or quadrate lamellæ at its base, spur short conic.—Singapore ? or Malacca `
Hort. Day. Flowers yellow purple spotted and margined, lip white, side lobes spotted
vith purple, spur orange, column yellow and purple.—The first species with acuminate
faves.— Description from Reichb. Le

60. VANDA, Br.

t Epiphytes; stem leafy. Leaves very coriaceous or fleshy, flat keeled or
erete, owers usually large, highly coloured, in simple lax or dense ra-
Lint Sepals and petals subequal, spreading or incurved, bases narrowed.

1p large, base usually saccate or spurred, side lobes large or small(rarely

» Placed on the sides of the sac or spur; midlobe various, fleshy, disk
df ridged or lamellate. Column short, stout; foot not or very
metly produced ; anther 2-celled; rostellum obscure; pollinia 2, didy:
ege Subglobose or obovoid, strap broad short or long geniculate, gland
t » large (slender in § Anotis and gland small).— Species about 20,
Topical Asiatic and Australian.

Sect. I. Euvanp i readi t incurved).
n wul JANDA. Sepals and petals widely spreading (no We
"P with erect side lobes. P Strap of pollinia flat, geniculate, gland large.

* Leaves terete. Scape few-fld. See also ZErides cylindricum.

Lv. teres, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7324; Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 217;
. . . . 7324;

e `, Orchid, 7; in Bot. Reg. t. 1809 ; midlobe of lip 2-fid., lobes hatchet
Notes »8ac long conical. Bot. Mag. t. 4114; Pact. Mag. v. t. 193; rif.
“o m. 352; Warn, Sel. Orchid. Ser. iii. t. 2; Reichenbachia, 1. t. 21;
i Hortic. 1856, t. 22. Dendrobium teres, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii, 485.
Carrao, BENGAL; at Sech Sagur, Clarke. Assam, SILHET, the KuasrA HILLS,

Stem kei and UPPER Burma, Rozburgh, Wallich, &c. dL Leaves
6-8 in. any feet long, branched, and leaves as thick as a goose-quil.

OL SE 6-12 in.; bracts short, ovate ; flowers 3-6, 4 in. diam., white or

€

Ma Rat Cardan

50 CXLVIII. oROHIDEX, (J. D. Hooker.) [ Vanda.

rose-cold.; sepals and petals undulate; lip hairy towards the base; side lobes broad,
incurved, yellow within, crimson spotted ; midlobe much larger, flabellately reniform
purple or rose-cold., sac 1 in. long ; column hairy in front. Capsule lin., clavate.

2. V. Hookeriana, Reichb. f. in Bonpland. 1856, 324; in Gard.
Chron. 1882, ii. 488; midlobe of lip very large reniformly flabellate
3-lobed, sac very short. ZIU. Hortic. 1883, t. 484; Orchidoph. 1886, t. 158;
Reichenbachia, i. t. 74. Warner Orchid.’ Alb. t. 73, 1882.

Perak, Scortechini; in swamps, Wray. SINGAPORE, Ridley (in litt.). .

Habit of V. teres, but leaves shorter, 2-3 in. ; scape longer; flowers 3-5, 2 in.
diam. ; lateral sepals oblong or obovate-oblong, cream-cold ; petals broader, lilac or
carnation ; lip towards the base and column hairy; side lobes purple; midlobe as
large as the rest of the flowers, white or lilac, base 2-glandular; sac conical, obtuse.
Capsule 4 in.

** Leaves flat or chanelled and keeled. Scape usually many-fld.
T Flowers 4-134 in. diam. (See also V. Bensoni.)

3. V. parviflora, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. xxx. Misc. 45; peduncle and
raceme strict erect, flowers j-$ in. diam., sepals oblong and spathulate
petals yellow, lip rather shorter than the sepals, midlobe cuneate-obovate
with a dilated truncate 2-lobed tip, disk with fleshy blue ridges, spur
slender conical half as long as the lip. Wight Ic. t. 1669; Reichb. f. in
Gard. Chron. 1877, 166. Ærides Wightianum, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7320;
Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 238; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 40; Bot. Mag. t. 5188;
Wight Ic. v. p. 8; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 265.

WESTERN HIMALAYA; Kumaon, Atakmunda river, alt. 3—4000 ft., Edgeworth.
NEPAL, Wallich. Assam, Mann. Burma, Berkely, WESTERN PENINSULA ; from
the Concan to Travancore. CxxrLow, Walker, &c.

Stem 4-6 in. Leaves 4-8 by 4-3 in., unequally obtusely 2-lobed. Peduncle and
rachis stout; pedicel with ovary 1-1} in.; side lobes of lip small, ovate. Capsule
1-1} in., long pedicelled, clavate.

Var. testacea ` sepals and petals brown. V. testacea, Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron.
1877, 166. rides testaceum, Lindl. Gen. § Sp. Orchid. 288; Paxt. Fl. Gard. ii.
t. 142; Walp. Ann. v. 897.—Ceylon.

Var. albiflora; sepals and petals white, lip white, ridges speckled with red, spu!
broader obtuse.— Moulmein (Ze. Parish). dui "ie Bes Speckled wita ,

4. V. corulescens, Grif. Notul. iii. 352; Ic. Plant. Asiat. t. 331;
raceme drooping, flowers l-l% in. diam., sepals obovate and spathulate,
petals pale blue, lip rather shorter than the sepals, midlobe cuneate-obovate
with a dilated truncate 2-lobed tip, disk with fleshy dark blue ridges
spur slender conical half as long as the lip. Lindl. Fol. Orchid.9 ; Walp:
ann Wed Pot Mag. t es and 6328; Warner Orchid. Alb. t. wi

oral Mag. N. S. t. 256; rchidoph. 1 7: j } ^
Chron. 1869, 408 ; 1870, 529, f. 97. ph. 1363, t. 637; Reichb. f, in Gar

UPPER BURMA, Griffith. Prov; on hills near Prome, alt. 1500 ft., Benson.

Stem Gin, Leaves 6-10 by $in., much broader in cultivation acutely 2-fid or
3-fid. Pedunele with racemes 1 ft. or less; pedicel with ovary 1-14 in.; flowers

variable in colour, from blue to nearly white (v: s> dont
R.f.) ; spur and column blue. y (vars. Borallii, R. f. and Louriano

5. V. spathulata, Spreng. Syst. Veg. iii. 719 ; leaves short, peduncle
very tall, raceme terminal few-fld., flowers 1} in. diam. golden yellow;
sepals and petals spathulately oblong flat, lip clawed as long as the sepals,
side lobes very small, midlobe suborbicular. Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid.

216; Fol. Orchid.9; Wight Ie. t. 915; Walp. Ann. vi. 869. Epidendrum

Vanda.] CXLVIII. ORCHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 51

spathulatum, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1348. Limodorum spathulatum, Willd. Sp.
PI. iv. 125. rides maculatum, Smith in Rees Cyclop. Suppl.—Rheede
Hort. Mal. xii. t. 3.

WESTERN PENINSULA ; from Malabar to Travancore and CEYLON.

Stem 2 ft. Leaves 2-4 by 4-14 in, shortly obtusely 2-lobed. Peduncle
12-18 in., robust, few-fld. and at the tip only; bracts large, ovate, acute; pedicel
and ovary 1-12 in. ; side lobes of lip broadly obovate, midlobe obscurely 3-fid ; spur
conical. Capsule 13-21 in., clavately fusiform.

Tt Flowers 2 in. diam. and upwards (smaller in V. Bensont).

6. V. coerulea, Griff. ex Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1847, under t. 30 ; Fol.
Orchid. 8; peduncle elongate many-fld., flowers 3-4 in. diam. pale blue,
lateral sepals obovate, petals clawed broadly obovate, lip muc shorter
than the sepals dark blue linear-oblong, side lobes small rounded, midlobe
with 2 thickened ridges ending in a bigibbous tip. Pat. Fl. Gard. t. 36 ;
Jard. Fleurist. X. 102: Fl. des Serres. t. 609; Reichb. f. Xen. Orchid. i. 8,
t. 0; Pescatorea, i. t. 29; Ill. Hort. vii. t. 246; Warner Sel. Orchid. 1.18;
Jennings Orchid. t. 34; Reichenbachia, ii. 19, $. 57; Lindenia, iv. t. 160

.ccrulescens, Journ. Hort. Soc. vi., Proc. vii. with fig. Vanda, Grif.
Itin. Notes, 88, No. 1984.

KHASIA and JyNTEA Mrs., on oaks, alt. 4000 ft., Griffith, Ze, . .

Stem 3-6 in., very stout. Leaves 3-10 by 2-1 in., keeled, 2-lobed or tip obliquely
truncate and toothed. Peduncle with lax-fld. 6—20-fld. raceme 1-2 ft., perianth
Segments somewhat waved and obscurely tessellate ; lip not one-third the length o
the sepals ; spur conical obtuse. Capsule 3 in., fusiform, long pedicelled.

7. V. Denisoniana, Benson § Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1869,
528; 1885, 105, f. 21; peduncle very short, flowers 2 in. diam., white,
Sepals and petals waved and twisted, lateral sepals largest broadly obovate
falcate deflexed, petals clawed spathulate, lip longer than the sepals, side
lobes large subquadrate, midlobe panduriform with two orbicular diverging
and recurved terminal lobes. Bot. Mag. t. 5811; Ill. Hort. N. S. t. 105;

indenia, t. 21; Warner Orchid. Alb. t. 243.
TENAssERIM ; at Moulmein, Parish. ARRACAN, Benson. ith
Stem short. Leaves 6-10 in., deeply unequally 2-lobed. Peduncle stout, wi
* raceme 6-10 in, ; pedicels with ovary 2 in. ; midlobe of lip with rounded sides,
and a Very acute terminal sinus; disk with 5 thick obtuse ridges; side lobes con-

cave, with orange streaks ; spur short, villous within. Capsule 3-5 in., clavately
fusiform, d

t: 8. v. Bensoni, Batem. in Bot. Mag. t. 5611; leaves narrow, peduncle

all inclined many-fld., lowers 14-2 in. diam., sepals and petals dull yellow-
green Spotted with red-brown, lateral sepals broadly obovate, petals sp athu-
va y obovate, lip nearly as long as the sepals blne, side lobes triangular:
vate, much smaller than the panduriform midlobe which has 2 broa

; near Rangoon, Benson. TENASSERIM; at Moulmein, Parish. —
mE short, Leaves 4-6 in. obliquely truncate and toothed. Peduncle with the
Dear p 18 In. midlobe of lip with 3 obtuse ridges; spur conical obtuse, sot A
wared . Denisoniana, but flowers much smaller, quite different in colour, ith
ed, midlobe of lip more contracted, the terminal lobes uncinate.—4A form wi

ro . eru :
of Pe) figured by Parish and called £ristis may be this or V. brunnea (see end

9. v. Parishii, Veitch |% Reichb. in Gard. Chron. 1867, 180, with fig. ;
E 2

53 cXLviit oRcHIDEE, (J. D. Hooker.) ( Vanda.

leaves broad obtusely 2-lobed, peduncle short stout erect, bracts large,
flowers 2 in. diam., fleshy spotted mauve-brown or purple, lateral sepals
broadly ovate-oblong and orbicular petals apiculate, lip half as long as the
sepals, side lobes rounded, midlobe small cuneately flabelliform. Reichb.
f. Xen. Orchid. ii. 188; in Gard. Chron. 1870, 890; Warner Orchid. Alb.
t. 15, and 61 (var.).

TENAsSSERIM ; at Moulmein, Parish.

Stem very short, stout. Leaves few, 8-10 by 2-3 in. Peduncle very short;
raceme 6-8 in., drooping, 6-8-fld.; bracts acuminate; flowers variable in colour.
The short stems and broad flat leaves are not those of Vanda proper, and more
resemble Stauropsis or Arachnanthe. In var. Marriottiana, Reichb. f. in Gard.
Chron. 1880, 743 ; 1881, 726, the sepals and petals are mauve, the side lobes of the
lip white with mauve stripes and 2 yellow blotches below the column, and the mid.
lobe is carmine. In var. purpurea, N. E. Br. in Gard. Chron. 1883, 307, the sepals
and petals are mauve-purple with white bases, and the lip bright mauve.

10. V. bicolor, Griff. Notul. iii. 354; It. Notes, 122, No. 540; le.
Plant. Asiat. t. 330; leaves premorse, peduncle short erect 4-6-fld.,
flowers 2 in. diam. brownish-purple obscurely tessellate, waved, lateral
sepals obovate deflexed, dorsal small, lip nearly as long as the sepals, purple
side lobes large orbicular, midlobe small panduriform, tip contracted 2-lobed.
Lindl. Fol. Orchid. 6; Walp. Ann. vi. 867; Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron.
1875, 620.

EASTERN TROPICAL HIMALAYA; Sikkim (Jc. in Herb. Calcutt.); Bhotan,
alt. 2000 ft. Griffith. Assam (Ic. in Herb. Calcutt.).

Stem 2-3 ft. Leaves 6-10 in., sometimes unequally rather obtusely 2-lobed.
Scape very stout; bracts ovate, acute; dorsal sepal much the smallest, dilated
in the middle; petals clawed, spathulate; side lobes of lip margined with yellow.
Capsule almost a span long.—Near V. Roxburghii, but at once distinguishable by
the large orbicular side lobes of thelip. A little-known species.

ll. V. Roxburghii, Br. i» Bot. Reg. i. 506; leaves praemorses
raceme suberect, flowers 13-2 in. diam. tesselated with brown, sepals and
petals subequal clawed obovate waved, lip nearly as long as the sepals,
side lobes small acute, midlobe panduriform violet tip dilated truncate
2-lobed. Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 215 ; Fol. Orchid. 2; Wight Ic. t. 916;
Fl. des Serres, ii.t. 11; Paxt. Fl. Gard. £.49,£. 9; Reichb. Fl. Exot. t. 12l ;
Ill. Hort. t. 185 (var.). V. tesselloides, Reichb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 864
Cymbidium tesselloides, Roab. Fl. Ind. iii. 463. C. tessellatum, Swartz 1?

ov. Act. Upsal. vi. 75; Willd. Sp. PL. iv. 102; Roxb. Fl. Ind. l. c.
Alagnata, Herb. Ham. Epidendrum tessellatum. Roxb. Cor. Pl. i. 95
t. 42. Ærides tessellatum, Wight in Wall. Cat. 7318; Lindl. Gen. d Sp.
Orchid. 240.—V anda, Jones in Asiat. Res. iv. 309.

BENGAL, BEHAR and westwards to GUZERAT and the Concan, and southwards
to TRAVANCORE, TENASSERIM and CEYLON.

Stem 1-2 ft., climbing. Leaves 6-8 in., narrow, complicate. Pedunele 6-8 in.
6-10-fid. ; sepals and petals yellowish-green or blueish except from the clathrate-
brown nerves, margins white ; lip half as long as the sepals or more, disk of midlobe
convex with fleshy ridges and white margins and mesial lines; spur conical.—
Reichenbach in Gard. Chron, 1883, i. 9, describes a var. Wightiana, with purple lip,
the side lobes with more or less developed anterior teeth. ‘I'he colouring in the H e
des Serres, ii. t. 11, is unlike that of any form known to me. Roxburgh distin*
guishes his C. tessellatum from his C. tesselloides, by the former having the lip
with the sides incurved into a tube, and the blade tapering entire acute; whilst 12
the latter the lip is channelled above, concave underneath, and the tip of 2 obtuse
lobes. The latter (the typical V. Rozburghii) is the only form known to Indian

Vanda. CXLVIII. ORCHIDEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 53

botanists, and I suspect that the form of the lip of C. tessellatum is due to withering.
Var. unicolor, Bot. Mag. t. 3416 is I suspect the Chinese V. concolor, Blume.

Sect. II. Awora, Lindl. Raceme dense-fid. Sepals and petals widely
spreading. Lip without side lobes. Strap of pollinia long, slender,
straight.

The two species of this section (the following and V. violacea) have been re-
ferred to Saccolabium, Vanda, and one of them to Rhynchostylis. In whichever
genus placed they are aberrant; the ridged lip is quite that of Vanda ; but the
lip and strap of the pollinia is as in Rhynchostylis; and the spur is hardly that
of Panda, but rather of Saccolabium.

12. v. densiflora, Lindl. in Pazt. Fl. Gard. under t. 49; Fol.
Orchid.9 ; leaves truncately excised, lip cuneate tip shortly obtusely 3-lobed,
base with 9 pubescent ridges descending into the spur. F l. des Serres,
t. 1765; Reichb. J. in Gard. Chron. 1866, 1194. Saccolabium giganteum,
Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7306; Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 221; Bot. Mag. t. 5635.
Reichenbachic t. 22; Jennings Orchid. t.8; Lindernia, f. 683; Orchidopl.
1888, t. 163.

Preu; at Prome, Wallich. RaNGooN, Benson. 21. n

Stem short, as thick as a child's wrist; roots j-i in. diam. Leaves imbricating
at the base, 6-12 by 12-2 in., very thick, channelled, lobes acute. Peduncle very
short, Stout; raceme 8-14 in. cylindric, very dense-fld.; flowers 1-1} in. diam.,
white with a few purple spots at the base of the petals; lip fleshy, white with
bright purple shining terminal lobes ; spur short, inflated, pointing backwards. .

Sect. III. Crisraræ. Racemes shortly peduncled, few-fld.; pedicels
decurved. Sepals and petals incurved. Strap of pollinia very short, gland
arge.—Inflorescence and flowers of Luisia, but habit and foliage of Vanda.

13. V. cristata, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7328; Gen. § Sp. Orchid. 216 ;
Srt. Orchid. Frontisp. f. 10; in Bot. Reg. 1842, t. 48; Fol. Orchid. 10;
Sepals and petals narrow yellow or green, side lobes of lip erect triangular,
midlobe subpanduriform golden striped with purple, tip with 2 divaricate
spindle-shaped lobes and an intermediate depressed one, spur Val, .
Pot. Mag. t. 4304; Warner Orchid. Alb. vii. t. 290 ; Gartenft. t. 680 Walp.
dun, Vi. 869. V. striata, Reichb. f. Xen. Orchid. ii. 137, t. 150. Ærides
cristatum, Wall, mss. Ærides sp. Griff. Itin. Notes, 203, No. 1188.

TROPICAL, HIMALAYA; from Kumaon to Bhotan, Wallich, &c. SILHET,

T. T.

Stem 3-6 in., very . aves 3-5 in., rigidly coriaceous, recurved, keeled,
truncately 3-toothed. "Raceme equaliag or shorter than the leaves ; bracts very,
Tert, broad ; pedicels with ovary long, stout ; flowers 11-2 in. diam. ; side lobes o
o acute truncate or toothed, midlobe as long as the sepals; spur short, obtuse.

“psule 2-24 in., narrowly clavate.

l4. V. alpina, Lindl. Fol. Orchid. 10; sepals and petals narrow
Yellowish, side lobes of lip rounded, midlobe concave ovate obtuse 27 p
p Pale yellow streaked with purple, spur 0. V. Griffithii, iin lea
Alpin, Ji Gard. ii. 22, and Fol. Orchid. 10 (evel. cilat. Grifith). Luisi

qe Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1858, Misc. 56.

Bh UBTROPICAL erte alt. 3500-5000 ft., from Garwhal, Thomson, to

Hag, Enn Hiris, alt. 4-5000 ft., J. D. H. § T. T. lave much
sh abit of y. eristata, but smaller, leaves rather shorter, racemes p y le not
Balen than the leaves, flowers only 1 in. diam., lip very different. y GR
is (a, Witdley’s citation of Griffith’s Itin. Notes, No. 526, from his ; Griffith,
82 (as he states in Fol. Orchid.) an error. But he again errs in refert Doch

me Plant to Vanda bicolor, It is his V. undulata (Stauropsis undulatus, p. 27).

15. v, pumila, Hook. f.; sepals and petals narrow pale yellowish

54 CXLVIII. ORCHIDEA, (J. D. Hooker.) [ Vanda.

ot white, side lobes of lip rounded, midlobe broadly ovate concave obtuse
pale streaked with purple, spur conical as long asthe midlobe. V. cristata,
var. Lindl. Fol. Orchid. 10.

SIKKIM and BHoTAN HIMALAYA, alt. 2000 ft. (Ie. Cathcart & in Herb.. Calcutt.).

A smaller species than either cristata or alpina, with tbe lip of the latter, but
furnished with a long conical spur. In the Cathcart drawings the leaves are
5-6 in. and sepals and petals white; in that of the Calcutta Herb. the leaves are only
8 in. long, and the sepals and petals are yellow. The latter is ticketed as from
Mongpo, in Sikkim.

SPECIES UNKNOWN TO ME. .

V. BRUNNEA, Reichb. f. Xen. Orchid. ii. 139; leaves long narrowly ligulate
emarginate, flowers as large as in V. concolor (of Ohina) olive within, sepals and petals
cuneately oblong obtusely acute, lip and column pale yellowish white, side lobes semi-
rotund, midlobe ligulate 2-lobed retuse, spur acutely conical.— Moulmein, Parish.—
There is a drawing at Kew, by Parish, of what may be this species named P. tristis,
Par. mss., the perianth is brown on both surfaces, the lip and column pale brown.
(See V. Parishii, p. 51.)

V. STANGEANA, Reichb. f. in. Bot. Zeit. xvi. (1858) 351; ullled to V. fusco-
viridis, Lindl. (of Java), auricles of the lip semiovate divergent, blade gradually
narrowed from a broad semicordate base, lip slightly 2-lobed, a pair of small calli
before the mouth of the spur, dorsal sepal cuneate-ovate about equalling the petals,
lateral sepals larger.—Sepals and petals golden green tesselated with beautiful ches-
nut brown ; lip and column white ; lip pale violet in front, with a streak of red dots
on each side of the spur, and a furrow under the column between the auricles.—
Assam (Hort, Schiller). .

V.VIPANI, Reichb, f. in Gard. Chron. 1882, ii. 134, 29; leaves very narrowly linear
decurved deeply unequally 2-toothed, raceme few-fld., sepals and rather smaller petals
cuneate-oblong obtuse undulate gradually narrowed to the base pale olive-green
or ochreous barred with short brown-purple lines, lip panduriform, side lobes semr
ovate golden yellow, midlobe olive-green 2-callous at the base, spur conical glabrous
within.—Burma, Vipan.

V, Wieurit, Reichb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 982 ; allied to V. Stangeana, Reichb. f.,
leaves more than a foot long narrowly ligulate unequally acutely 2-lobed, scape
few and lax-fid., side lobes of lip subquadrate, midlobe broadly ovate, lip contract
ligulate obtusely 2-lobed, disk with 2 thick ridges, pilose at the base of the ridges
and side lobes, spur conical, column slender for the genus.—Nilghiris, Wight.

61. SACCOLABIUM, Blum.
62. Scuznorcuis, Bl. 63 Uncirera, Lindl. 64 AcaAWwPE, Lindl.

Epiphytes ; pseudobulbs 0. Leaves flat keeled or terete. Peduncles lateral;
owers usually small spicate racemed panicled or subcorymbose. Sepa!’
and peta/s adnate to the base of the column, spreading, subsimilar, tree.
Lip sessile at the base of the column usually consisting of a large saccat®
or conic cylindric spur, small lateral lobes and a small midlobe; sac OT
spur not septate within and without a large scale or callus within under
the column (except S. longifolium). Column short, broad, truncate, rarely
beaked, foot 0; anther l- or imperfectly 2-celled; pollinia 2, entire or
2-partite.— Species about 40, Eastern Asiatic. :
Of the genera enumerated above, Schenorchis is not British Indian, a fact which
I overlooked when drawing out the key to the genera, though it is noted in Gen.
Plant. Uncifera I refer to Saccolabium ; its character of the incurved spur is insuf-
ficient; snd that of the pollinia stipitate on the strap, or rather on the geniculate
apex of the strap, though curious, is, considering how variable this organ is in the
genus and its allies, not a dependable one for generic purposes. For 4campe I can fin
no characters whatever, and it is difficult to retain it as a section ; its lip is that of sect.
Calceolaria, as is the subcorymbose or umbellate inflorescence of most of the species

Saccolabium. | CXLVIII. ORCHIDEXZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 55

The following sections are, I think, natural, but are not clearly definable by words.
Sect. I. MICRANTHÆ. Leaves flat terete or channelled. Flowers small, often
minute, in simple or panicled racemes or spikes. Jip various; spur long or short.

(See also Sect. vi. Uncifera). (Sp. 1-19).

Sect. II. CALCEOLARIA. Leaves lorate, flat, flaccid. Flowers subcorymbose on
a short stout peduncle ; bracts short, broad rounded. Lipa large hemispheric sac, with
truncate or short side lobes and a short triangular or reniform adnate erose or
fimbriate midlobe which is warted or echinate on the disk. Column very short; strap
of globose pollinia linear. (Sp. 20-27). :

Sect. III. AcAMPE. Stem usually long and very stout. Leaves keeled, thickly
coriaceous, Flowers corymbose as in $ Calceolaria, rarely in large spreading panicles,
Lip as in § Calceolaria, but with a thicker warted reniform or ovate midlobe (spur
cylindric in S. ochraceum). Column very short; strap of globose pollinia linear.
(AcAMPE, Lindi.) (Sp. 28-34).

Sect. IV. PLATYRHIZON. Stem 0, or very short ; roots very long, flattened. Leaves
lorate, flaccid. Flowers racemed. Lip very small, spur saccate or conical, midlobe
small reniform, Column very short; strap of globose pollinia linear, gland large.
(MicrorERa, Dalz.) (Sp. 35-36).

Sect. V. DisricHoPHYLLsZ. Stem tufted very slender pendulous, leafy through-
out. Leaves uniform, distichous, lanceolate. Flower small, in very short racemes,
Lip small, spur saccate. Column very short, strap of pollinia slender, gland
Sagittate. (Sp. 37-38). .

, Sect. VI. SpecIosæ. Stem very stout as are the long roots. Leaves linear
rigid, keeled, often recurved. Flowers highly coloured, in dense racemes. Lip with
a linguiform midlobe, small side lobes and a long cylindric spur. Column short or
rather long ; strap of globose pollinia slender.—Habit of rides sect. II. ; but there is
ho foot to the column, (Sp. 39-41).

Sect. VII. Uncrrersz. Stem very short, Leaves distichous, coriaceous. Flowers
In dense racemes. Lip with a large funnel-shaped incurved spur much longer than
the sepals. Column decurved, rostellum elongate; anther long-beaked ; pollinia
globose, seated near the geniculately inflexed apex of a very long slender strap with
recurved margins ; gland large, linear, or sagittate. UNcIFERA, Lindl. (Sp. 42, 43.)

Sect. I. Micranrum. (See p. 54.)
* Stems elongate pendulous ; leaves terete, filiform, or semiterete.

l. S. &eminatum, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1838 Misc. 50; leaves strongly
curved terete channelled 3-toothed, racemes slender panicled, sepals ovate-
Oblong l-nerved about equalling the conic obtuse spur, petals smaller obo-
vate L-nerved, midlobe of lip cymbiform obtuse. Walp. Ann. vi. 885.

EASTERN HIMALAYA, alt. 3-5000 ft. ; Bhotan Griffith ; Sikkim J. D. H. KHaASIA
and J YNTEA Hizrs, alt. 2-4000 ft., common. . `

Stem 6-12 in., curved, rooting at the base. Leaves 2—4 in., fleshy, 4—4 m. diam.

anicles longer than the leaves, branches spreading ; bracts small, acute, flowers iin.
Pag; sepals white, or purple with white tips; petals purple; lip variable, blade
ant? Sometimes laterally compressed, side lobes very small; column very 5 MA

Lin, pote, Strap of pollinia short, broad, gland very large. Capsule subsessile
ss 1n. long, oblong, curved.

2. S. niveum, Lindl. Ge Sp. Orchid. 994; stem short, leaves
recurved semiterete ad sd note ad, racemes slender panicled, sepals
cvate-oblong l-nerved about equalling the ovoid obtuse spur, peta s
eon ely oblong truncate l-nerved, midlobe of lp spathulate fleshy

Dcave. Thwaites Enum. 304. ,

CEYLON ; in the Central Province, alt. 3-4000 ft., Walker, Thwaites. Panicles
longe, » Stout; l-4 in., curved. Leaves 2-4 in., fleshy, §-7 in. diam. ml n

Ser than the leaves, branches spreading ; bracts minute, acute; flower Ze 1n. 1008,

56 CXLVIII. oRCHIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [Saccolabium

white; tips of lateral sepals fleshy at the back ; lip with minute rounded side lobes ;
column very short; anther hemispheric; strap of pollinia very short, gland vay
large. Capsule 1 in., oblong.—Gardner (n. 872) has a form with much broader
leaves, 1 in. diam. and stouter scapes,

3. S. filiforme, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 36; stem slender,
leaves slender terete acuminate, racemes short stout simple, sepals linear,
petals orbicular, shorter than the cylindric obtuse recurved spur, limb of
lip ovate acute deflexed, side lobes large rounded. Walp. Ann. vi. 887.
Sarcanthus filiformis & roseus. Wight Ic. t. 1684 (excl. capsule) 1685.
Scheenorchis juncifolia, Thwaites Enum. 304 (not of Blume.).

MALABAR and TRAVANCORE ; on the Nilghiri hills, at Neddawuttum and Pycara,
Wight; Pulney and Anamallay hill, Cotton, Ze, CEYLON; Central Province,
alt. 4-6000 ft., Walker, &c. ,

Stem 6—10in.; internodes 1-2 in. Leaves 2-6 in., as thick as a sparrow quill or
more slender. Racemes 11-2 in., stout, subsesile, often deflexed; bracts lanceolate ;
flowers 1 in. long, red, or orange streaked with crimson ` sepals l-nerved, petals with
3 nerves rugose on the back; spur of lip inflated; anther hemispheric; strap 0
globose pollinia short, dilated upwards. gland very large. Capsule } in., pyriform,

pedicelled.—Flowers rose coloured in Wight’s plant, orange with red stripes in the
Ceylon plants.

4. S. perpusillum, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined. ; stem short curved,
leaves terete recurved acute, racemes erect stout flowering to the base, bracts
subulate persistent, flowers minute pubescent, sepals ovate-oblong, petals
obovate-oblong obtuse, lip oblong slightly concave, tip with a fleshy acute
subcordate appendage, spur short cylindric obtuse incurved.

SINGAPORE; at Sungei Buloh, Ridley.

Stem 3-5 in., as thick as a sparrow’s-quill, rigid. Leaves 1-1} in., subsecund.
Racemes i-$ in.; rachis stout; flowers A in. diam.; pedicel very short; sepals
1-nerved, lateral acuminate ; petals as long, obtuse, glabrous, 1-nerved ; lip as long a$

the sepals ; spur large; fleshy appendage at the tip of the lip didymous on the upper
face.— A remarkable little species, unlike any other.

5. S.? inconspicuum, Hook. f.; stem rather stout, leaves 2-3 1n.
nearly straight terete obtuse, flowers small shortly peduncled clusters,
sepals and petals broadly oblong acute, hypochile of lip hemispheric
margins entire (side lobes 0), epichile broadly ovate retuse inserted on the
margin of the hypochile. Cymbidium inconspicuum, Wall. mss.

Lower Assam, Jenkins (Ic. in Herb. Calcutt.)

Stems 6-8 in. long, interlaced, flexuous, as thick as a duck’s-quill ; internodes
Ain. Leaves rather more slender, slightly curved, but not falcate. Flowers 4 it.
diam., shortly pedicelled, pale green; sepals and petals subequal, spreading an
recurved ; lip about as long as the sepals ; hypochile green suffused with purple, large
for the size of the plant, margins everted, epichile as long as the hypochile, flat,
smooth; column short, very stout, purple, rostellum not beaked; anther broader
than long low, pollinia 2 globose, strap short, gland ovate.—The lip is like that of
sect. Calceolaria, Described from the drawing in the Calcutta Herbarium.

** Stem short orlong. Leaves flat or channelled.
T Spur of lip longer than the sepals. (See also 16, S. rostellatum.)

6. S. Pumilio, Reichb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 886; in Gard, Chron.
1875, ii. 98; stem very short, leaves falcately oblanceolate obtuse notched or
2-fid, racemes about equalling the leaves laxly many-fld., lateral sepals
broadly ovate obtuse, petals oblanceolate obtuse, side lobe of lip very
short rounded, midlobe large flat triangular 3-nerved smooth, spur much
longer than the sepals slender incurved. S. discolor, HeicAb. f. Ot. Hamb.

Saecolabium.] OXLVIH. ORCHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) Di

42. S. pusillum, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 36 (not of Blume).
CEceoclades pusilla, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7332: Gen. § Sp. Orchid. 937.

SILHET, Wallich.

Roots very many, slender, tortuous. Leaves 2-3 by 4 in., fleshy, thin when dry.
Racemes slender ; bracts ovate, membranous; flowers 4 in. broad, pedicelled mem-
branous; dorsal sepal obovate; column rather long, beaked in front; anther low;
strap of pyriform pollinia dilated above, gland small oblong. Capsule $ in., shortly
pedicelled, narrow, 6-ribbed.—The citation of “ Herb. Wight” under Wall. Cat.
7332 B, is doubtless an error.

7. S. penangianum, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined.; leaves narrowly
linear-lanceolate acuminate with a lateral notch, raceme short very stout
dense-fld, pubescent, sepals broadly ovate l-nerved, not half the length
of the conical angled abruptly incurved spur, petals oblong 1-nerved, limb
of lip minute, disk fleshy terminal, side lobes rounded.

PENANG; on the Sonkey River, Curtis. PERAK, Kunstler (Ic. in Herb,
Caleutt.)

Stem flexuous, internodes } in. Leaves 21-3 by 4 in. thick, nerve strong
beneath. Racemes 1-14 in., fruiting decurved ; bracts subulate; flowers 2 in., pube-
Tulous, white edged with yellow and a little pink ; column short; strap of globose

pollinia elongate, spathulate, gland small. Capsules } in. long. oblong, sessile,
crowded, reflexed.

8. S. Helferi, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined. ; stem short, leaves loriform tip
contracted notched, panicles shorter than the leaves, sepals orbicular-ovate
l-nerved shorter than the saccate broad spur, petals oblong, blade of lip
reniform, half embracing the spur quite entire, lateral lobes narrow erect.

TRNASSERIM, or ANDAMAN ISLANDS. Helfer (Kew Distrib. 5256). Moulmein,
Parish ; Mergui, Griffith,

Stem 1-3 in. Leaves few, close set, 21-31 by 1—1 in., sheaths short, black.
Panicle about equalling the leaves, slender; bracts minute, acute; flowers Je in.;
dorsal Sepal much smaller than the lateral; blade of lip shorter than the spur;
column very short; anther short, broad ; pollinia globose, sessile on a large cuneate
strap or gland.

..9. 8. &£racile, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 225; in Journ. Linn. Soc.
m. 35; stem short slender, leaves elongate linear-lanceolate acuminate,
racemes slender many-fld. longer than the leaves, sepals oblong obtuse
-nerved, much shorter than the straight tubular acuminate spur, petals
narrower oblong l-nerved, blade of lip very small ovate acute, side lobes 0.
Thwaites Enum. 304,
Certo; Central Province, alt. 3000 ft. Macrae, &c. . .
fal Stem 2-8 in., often zigzag, internodes 4—4 in. Leaves 23-4 by i in., straight or
Neate, narrowed at base and tip, midrib obscure. Racemes 4-6 in., erect; bracts
minute, subulate ; flower } in. long, white; mouth of spar very oblique; column
“ort ; anther short, broad, strap of. globose pollinia very slender. Capsule globose,
a 1D. diam., pedicelled.
So 10. s. brevifolium, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 225, in Journ. Linn.
e ` m. 5; stem rather stout scandent, leaves short linear-oblong un-
equally 2-lobed, racemes very short few-fld., sepals and petals subequal
` reular-ovate l-nerved not half as long as the conico-cylindric straight
use spur, limb of lip very minute, side lobes 0. Thwaites Enum. 230.
' Virescens, Gardn, mss.

C . .
EYLON ; Central Province common, Macrae, &c.

o wee 6-10 in., internodes 1 in. or less. Leaves 1-1} by i-i in., fleshy, midrib
Te. Racemes 1 in., recurved; bracts very minute; flowers j in. long, rose-

58 CXLVIII. ORCHIDEE, (J. D. Hooker.) [Saccolabium.

purple or greenish white; spur as long as the pedicel; column short; anther very
broad, apiculate, strap of globose pollinia short, gland as long very large 2-fid.
Benthamiin Gen, Plant. iii. 579 errs in referring (Ec. tenera to this; it is my Cletsostoma
tenerum.

11. S..roseum, Lindl. Gen. § Sp. Orchid. 225; stem very slender,
leaves fleshy flat narrowly linear unequally notched, racemes very short
simple, sepals ovate-oblong obtuse 1-nerved, petals as large rounded ]-nerved,
spur of lip longer than the sepals cylindric obtuse, lip minute ovate
acute, side lobes rounded. Thwaites Enum. 304. Sarcanthus Walkerianus,
Wight Ic. t. 1686 (bad). S. Walkerianum Reichbd. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 887.

CEYLON; Central Province, up to 5000 ft., common; Macrae, óc. .

Stem curved, as thick as a pigeon's-quill. Leaves 2-3 by 3-1 in. Racemel-ljm.
slender; bracts minute; flowers 1 in long, rosy in Ic. Walker, lilac in Ic. Thwaites;
column short; anther short broad, pollinia 2, strap short slender, gland large.
Capsule 3-4 in., pyriform, pedicelled.

12. S. flavum, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined.; stem short very stout,
leaves close set loriform deeply unequally acutely 2-cleft, raceme lax-fld.,
sepals oblong obtuse, lip small, infundibular spur much longer than the
sepals with small toothed side lobes and truncate mouth.

TENASSERIM; at Moulmein, Parish. .

Stem 6 in., stout. Leaves 4-5 by $ in., dark green with darker nerves, apiculate
between the lobes; sheaths 4 in., deeply grooved. Raceme from the base of the
stem, with the slender scape 4 in.; bracts small, recurved; flowers 1 in. diam., pale
yellow; column short, broad; rostellum large, 2-lobed, apparently tleshy.—4A. remark-
able species with the pollinia approaching that of sect. Uncifera (and of Sarcanthus
mirabilis, Reichb.), but having no trace of a midlobe to the lip. Described from a
beautiful drawing by Parish, who observes that there is no apparent septum in the
spur. Reichenbach has (on the drawing) named it Saccolab. buccosum (see No. 14),
alluding to the cheek-like rostellum, but it is not the plant he has described under
that name (Gard. Chron. 1871,,938). It closely resembles Sarcanthus Parishii, but
the flowers are yellow. There is no midlobe of the lip and no septum in the spur.

13. S. fragrans, Par. & Reichb. f. in Journ. Bot. xii. (1874) 197; dwarf,
stem very short, leaves crowded oblong obtuse very thick, raceme shortly
peduncled decurved many- and dense-fld., flowers rose-red, lateral sepals
orbicular-oblong, petals linear-oblong obtuse, lip large saccate, base sud-
denly contracted into a decurved spur longer than the sepals and with an
inflated tip, limb rhomboidly subspathulate fleshy acute toothed towards
the tip. Reichb. f. Otia. Hamburg. 41.

TENASSERIM ; at Moulmein, Parish.

Stem iin. Leaves 5-8 by 1 in., bases closely imbricate, deeply channelled.
Raceme as long as the leaves; flowers about yg in. long, odour of violets ; lip twice
as long as the sepals, with a callus at the insertion of the tumid straight blade;
column very short, sides acute; anther with a recurved tip; pollinia globose, sessile
on the broad end of the short strap, gland lanceolate much longer than the strap.—
Described chiefly from a drawing by Parish.

tt Spur of lip shorter than (rarely equalling) the sepals.

14. S. buccosum, Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1871, 938; stem scan-
dent, leaves linear-oblong obtusely 2-lobed, raceme simple or branche
much longer than the leaves, sepals broadly ovate much longer than the
bottle-shaped spur, lip large, side lobes spreading rounded, midlobe nar-
rowly oblong. S. parvulum, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 36 (in note).
CEceoclades paniculata, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7334; Gen. & Sp. Orchid.
236. Cymbidium Satyrium, Herb. Ham.

Saccolabium. ] OXLVIIL ORCHIDE®. (J. D. Hooker.) 59

BHorAN HIMALAYA, Lister, ASSAM; at Goalpara, Hamilton. SyYLHET,
Wallich. 'TENASsERIM, Parish,

Stem stout, rigid, internodes 3 in. Leaves 3-5 by i-i in., fleshy, 5-nerved.
Raceme with long slender peduncle 5-6 in., laxly many-fld. ; bracts subulate; flowers

in. diam., yellowish; sepals 5-nerved; petals much sm aller, cuneately obovate,
3-nerved ; lip yellow, mouth of spur a very narrow chink, neck contracted, base
globose didymous; side lobes of elongate column broad, roundéd, top recurved ;
anther long-pointed ; strap of globose pollinia very slender arched, gland very
minute.—Column and lip so different from the genus that Reichenbach 1. c. suggests
its separation. Lindley’s name of parvulum is too misleading to be adopted.

15. S. micranthum, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7300 ; Gen. A Sp. Orchid.
220 ; leaves lorate unequally obtusely 2-lobed, scape stout flowering to
the base, racemes very many and dense-fld., sepals broadly ovate obtuse
3-nerved, petals oblong or lanceolate serrulate, spur of lip shorter than the
sepals subtruncate, blade obovate-spathulate with 2 basal calli, lateral
lobes broad obtuse. Saunders’ Refug. Bot. t. 110.

TROPICAL HIMALAYA; from Garwhal and Kumaon, alt. 2-3000 ft., Falconer,
Duthie; to Bhotan, Grigith. Assam, SILHET and the Naga HiLLs, Prain.
TxNASSERIM, Griffith, Parish. ` sa:

Stem 6-10 in., curved, as thick as a goose-quill or less. Leaves 3-5 by $-1 in.,
harrowed to the base. Raceme equalling the leaves; bracts small, broad; flowers
about 3 in, diam.; 3-nerved sepals and petals violet; lip rose-red ; column very
Short; anther very broad, acuminate globose; pollinia strap very short broadly
cordate, gland orbicular. Capsules } in., subfusiform.

16. S. rostellatum, Hook. f. lc. Plant. ined.; stem very Short,
leaves 4-7 in. lorate flat unequally 2-fid, raceme much shorter than the
leaves, bracts minute, sepals broadly ovate-oblong obtuse, lip infundidular
narrowed below into a stout obtuse spur rather longer than the sepals,
"de lobes truncate, midlobe an incurved beak. utt)

IKKIM ; at Darjeeling, alt. 7000 ft., Gamble (in Herb. Calcutt.). .
, Roots very many and long, Wee flat, age to the bark. Leaves 4-3 in.
diam., nearly straight. Peduncle with 8—10-fd. raceme 2 in., slender; lowers
In. long from the tip of vhe dorsal sepal to that of the spur ; petals oblong, obtuse,

Smaller than the sepals; column very short; rosteilum subulate ; pollinia large,
Blobose, cleft,

17. S. minimifiorum, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined.; stem very short,
leaves elliptic-lanceolate narrowed at both ends acute, scape much longer
an the leaves very slender very many-fid., bracts subulate equalling the
very minute flowers, sepals and petals oblong obtuse, lip conico-sacciform,
side lobes 0, midlobe an incurved beak with a globose tubercle at the
Mouth of the sac.
Raa ege black when dry, thinly coriaceous
3 sien 1-9 in, black when dry, ,
reddish benaise p et 2-6 p with a few subolate. empty bracts
PW; flowers greenish yellow mottled, about An in. long or broad ; lip larger than
oest of the periauth, its beak-like laterally compressed terminal lobe incurved
Jet the mouth; column sbort; anther loug-beaked.—A curious little plant. I
ave had difficulty in dissecting the few available flowers, and thereby confirming a
“scription and rude drawing by Scortechini, who mentions ‘a something membra-
nous whitish which I cannot make out whether it is a rostellum or stipes." This

Sal to be a recurved elongate body which appears to be attached to the base ot
olumn,

18. e Jerdonia j ^ d lp. Ann. vi 886; leaves
i . num, Reichb. f. in Walp.
linear subacute, racemes simple or branched slender, sepals ovate 1-nerved

60 CXLVIII, ORCRIDE®. (J. D. Hooker.) [Saccolabium.

longer than the small saccate or subglobose spur, petals linear 1-nerved,
blade of lip oblong concave subtruncate, side lobes small rounded. Taenio-
phyllum Jerdonianum, Wight Ic. t. 1756.

MALABAR ; on branches of trees, Jerdon.

Stem 1-3 in., tufted. Leaves 1-1} by 2 in. Racemes much longer than the
leaves; bracts ovate, acuminate; flowers Je in. long; column short; anther broad ;
pollinia with a short strap and large narrow gland.—Described chiefly from
Wight.

19. S. lanatum, Hook. f. ; stem short, leaves linear-oblong broadly
2-lobed, peduncle very stout longer than the leaves, spikes dense-fid.
tomentose or woolly, sepals ovate tips keeled, side lobes of lip triangular,
midlobe ovate bicuspidate, spur short saccate traversed by a pubescent
ridge from the base of the column to that of the midlobe. Cleisostoma
lanatum, Lindl. in Journ. Hort. Soc. iv. 264; Walp. Ann. 889.

TENASSERIM ; at Moulmein, Parish, Scott.

Stem very stout. Leaves 3-4 by 1-1} in., thickly coriaceous, keeled. Scape
with long appressed sheaths, simple or branched ; spikes 4—7 in. ; bracts E in., large,
ovate, acuminate, spreading or reflexed ; flowers 3 in. long; sepals dingy purple an
green; petals obovate, ciliate, yellow and purple; side lobes of lip notched on the
inner margin, ciliate; midlobe with a large pubescent gibbous compressed callus
descending into the spur, mouth of spur contracted to a slit with a pubescent raised
border; column stout, recurved, tumid below, shortly beaked; anther beaked;
pollinia globose, sulcate, strap long slender dilated and forked above, each arm
spathulate and with the globose pollinia immersed in their concave tips, gland
small oblong.—A remarkable plant, put by Lindley into Cleisostoma, but I do not
find the great gland in the spur under the column.

Sect. II. CALCEOLARIA. (See p. 54.)

The species of this section wants a thorough revision with much better material
than is at my disposal.

20. S. calceolare, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7302; Gen. & Sp. Orchid.
223 ; Sert. Orchid. Frontisp. 6; in Bot. Reg. 1883; Misc. 139; in Journ.
Linn. Soc. iii. 33 (erc. syn.); leaves acutely unequally 2-lobed or -cleft,
blade of lip reniform erose disk echinate all over. Griff. Notul. ii. 356;
Itin. Notes 170, No. 869; Ie. Plant. Asiat. t. 334; Walp. Ann. vi. 883.
Aerides calceolare, Smith in Rees Cyclop. Suppl. Ae. leopardorum, Wall.
mss. Gastrochilus calceolaria, Don Prodr. 32. Sarcochilus nepalensis,
Spr. Syst. Veg. iii. 721. Epidendrum calceolare, Ham. mss.

TROPICAL HIMALAYA; from Garwhal to Bhotan, Assam, SILmET and the
Knuasra HILLS. TENASSERIM, Parish. PERAK, Carter.—DiISTRIB. ? Java.

A very common plant, and, if two species are not included, very variable.
Stem very short, Leaves in Wallich's 7342 A from Nepal 6-12 by 4—4 in., strongly
faleate. His B from Silhet (which is the common form elsewhere) is a much smaller
plant, with nearly straight leaves 4-5 by j-$ in. Peduncle 1-11 in.; pedicels
4-1 in. ; flowers }—3 in. diam., yellow or greenish speckled barred or blotched with
red brown ; lip white or yellow, speckled with red. Capsule in 7342 A 2 in. long ;
in the ordinary form 3-1 in.—Griffith’s Tab. 334 represents a plant with the leaves
of intermedia and lip of calceolare, but it is impossible to determine satisfactorily his
Saccolab. No. 2, 3 and 4 of Notul. iii, 356, 357, and his Ic. Plant, Asiat. t. 333, 334. .

21. S. nilagiricum, Hook. f.; leaves narrow deeply unequally
2-lobed, sepals aud petals each with two series of large blotches, limb 0
lip fimbriately erose, disk smooth. Vanda pulchella, Wight Ic. t. 1671.

NıLGuIrRI HILLS ; on the banks of the Kaitairy river and at Quelin, Wight.

Stem short. Leaves 5-10 by j-$ in., flexuous, lobes very unequal, obtuse, often

Saceolabium.] oxtvit. omOHiDEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 61

divarieate, the longer sometimes 1 in. long. Flowers } in. diam. : perianth strongly
Incurved. Capsule 3—2 in.— United with S. calceolare by Lindley (in Journ. Linn.
Soc.), but I think as different as any other of this section.

22. S. acutifolium, Lindi. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 223; Sert. Orchid.
Frontisp. No. 2; in Journ. Linn. Soc, i. 33; stem elongate, leaves acute
or acuminate, blade of lip erose, disk naked or very sparingly tubercled.
Reichb. f. Otia Hamburg. 42; Walp. Aun. vi. 883. X. denticulatum, Pazt.
Mag. Bot. vii. t. 145; Reich. f. l. c. ; ? Bot. Mag. t. 4772. Aerides umbel-
latum, Wall. mss.

SIKKIM HIMILAYA, alt. 3-5000 ft. Kaasta Mrs., Gibson. .

Usually a larger plant than the small states of S. calceolare, with longer stems
(4-8 in.) and larger leaves, 4-6 by 2-11 in. broad, never 2-fld., but very variable.
Perianth whole-cold. and yellowish red, or more yellow or greenish and mottled with
brown; lip white, centre yellow often speckled with red. Capsule in Sikkim sp.
3 in. long.—Paxton’s S. denticulatum has greeuish yellow flowers speckled with
brown, and the lip is described as erose. Lindley refers it to S. acutifolium. The lip
of the Bot. Mag. plant, apparently derived from the same source, is not erose, but with
à broad thick white fringe of long papillz.

23. S. intermedium, Griff. mss. ex. Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii.
33; stem rather long, leaves very narrow acuminate or 2-toothed, blade of
lip fimbriate, disk smooth. Reichb. f. Otia Hamburg. 42. S. calceolare,
t Son Mag. Bot. vi. 97.—Saccolab, Griff. Notul. iii. 357 ; Ic. Plant. Asiat.

- 933.
I Buoran HIMALAYA, Griffth. Kuasta Hints, alt. 3-5000 ft., Grifith, Gibson,
H. Ap
P erhaps a small form of S. acutifolium, but the stem is more slender, the leaves
“rrower, and the flowers and capsules (3 in.) much smaller.

24. S. bellinum, Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1844, i. 174; 187, i.
145; stem rather long, leaves deeply unequally cleft, bracts and flowers
large, blade of lip erose disk echinate and with cushions of eilia at the
base. Warner Orchid. Alb. t. 156; Bot. Mag. t. 7142.

BURMA, Boxall. uu

, This resembles a large state of S. culceolare, the flowers are 1-1} in. diam.,
bright yellow with large purple blotches.

25. S. obliquum, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7304; Gen. & Sp. Orchid.
223 ; in Journ, Linn. Soc. iii. 33 ; stem very short stout, leaves broad and long
unequally broadly 2-fid, bracts and flowers large, blade of lip fimbriate,
ISk papillose with a large 2-lobed callus. Reichb. f. Otia Hamburg. 42.
anda obliqua, Wall, mss.

Burma; at Taingdong, Wallich. ? Kuasta Hiris, J. D. H. y T. T.

Leaves 6-8 by 1-2 in. ; flowers 1 in. diam, ; sepals and petals narrow, whole-cold.,
all (in Ic. Wallich) pale yellow, with the lip white speckled with yellow. The

"51a specimens have the shorter leaves of bigibbum.

26. S. bigibbum, Reichb. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 5766; Otia Hamburg.
beg em. Very short, leaves oblong or obovate-oblong 2-fid, bracts small,

ade of lip fimbriate, disk smooth with a large 2-lobed callus.

Rangoon, Benson, Gilbert. PERAK, Scortechini. oad
3 Tobably a small state of S. obliquum, but the leaves are shorter and broader,
qt by 1-l in, and the large bracts seem to be wanting. Flowers whole-cold.,
pale Straw-cold. in a drawing by Mr. Gilbert, bright yellow in Bot. Mag.

27. S acaule, Hook f.; stem very short, leaves unequally 2-lobed,
. dÉ y short, f
Sepals obovate, limb of lip TA ovate acute toothed and erose, disk rough

n

62 CXLVIII. orcHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Saccolabium.

thickened. Cleisostoma acaulis, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 227. Vanda
fimbriata, Gardn. mss.

CEYLON, Macrae ; at Hantani, Gardner.

Leaves 5-6 by }-L in. Peduncle and pedicels very short, X in , stout ; flowers
} in. diam., apparently very fleshy.— Possibly a form of S. nilagiricum, but the leaves
and lip appear to be very different. The specimens are very scanty and poor.

Sect. IIT. Acamez. (See p. 54.)

The species of this section are very difficult of discrimination in a dried state,
and the following diagnoses and citation are not very reliable, owing to imperfection
of specimens and vagueness of published descriptions. (See two species at the end of
the genus.)

* Peduncle rather slender; flowers in large panicles. Spur of lip
cylindric; midlobe ovate.

28. S. ochraceum, Lindl. in Bot. Heg. 1842, Misc. 2, S. lineo-
latum, Thwaites Enum. 304, Acampe dentata, Lindl. Fol. Orchid. 3;
Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1872, 1752; Walp. Ann. vi. 894. A. Wightiana
var. longepedunculata, Thwaites l. c. 303.

EASTERN Tropican HIMALAYA; Sikkim, J. D. H., Bhotan, Griffith (Kew
Distrib. 5233), Kast Mrs. and Tenasserim, Griffith, &c. MALABAR, le
Jerdon. CEYLON, Walker, Sc.

Stem 1-2 ft. Leaves 7-9 by 1-11 in. Panicle longer or shorter than the leaves,
branches distant lax-fld.; flowers }-1 in. diam. ; midlobe of lip ovate, crenate,
2-auricled and with fleshy teeth at the base; spur cylindric, as long as the limb,
hairy within. Capsule 1-12 in., fusiform.—Bentham in Gen. Plant. iii. 581, misled
by a mixture of specimens of different species, errs in referring S. lineolatum to
Cleisostoma maculosum ; it is clearly this plant.

** Peduncle very stout, simple or very sparingly branched. Tip 4
hemispheric or conic sac, midlobe reniform.

29. S. longifolium, Hook. f.; leaves 6-16 in., peduncle 6-7 in.,
internodes long, flowers subcorymbose, midlobe of lip ovate obtuse, sae
broad conical with an erect dorsal hairy plate in the cavity. Acampe
P longifolia, Lindl. Fol. Orchid. 1. ? A. multiflora, Lindl. I. c. Vanda
longitolia, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7399 ; Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 915; in Journ.
Hort. Soc. vii. 267; Walp. Ann. vi. 872. V. multiflora, Lindl. Collect. t. 38.

TROPICAL SIKKIM HIMALAYA (Ic. in Hort. Calcutt.). Upper Assam, Mann.
TENASSERIM, Wallich, &c.—DisrTRIB. China. ?

Stem very stout. Leaves 11-2 in. broad. Peduncle with racemes 6-7 in., 8$

thick as a swan’s quill, with often a few short lateral branches ; bracts annular;
flowers crowded, $ in. diam., golden yellow banded with red on both surfaces. The
dorsal plate in the cavity of tue lip recalls Cleisostoma.
. 30. S. Wightianum, Hook, f.; leaves 4-6 in. peduncle 1-3 in.,
internodes very close, midlobe of lip ovate keeled, sac rounded pajpillose
within. S. papillosum, Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb, Fl. 964 (excl. some sun)
Acampe Wightiana, Lindl. Fol. Orchid. 9. Vanda Wightiana, Lindl mss.
Pin Wight Ic. t. 1670; Thwaites Enum. 303; Walp. Ann. vi. 873. V.
fasciata, Gardn. mss.—Rheede Hort, Mal. xii. t. 4.

WESTERN GHATS ; from the Concan southward. CEYLON, Gardner, &c.
Stem 12-18 in. Leaves 2-14 in. br.ad. Scape very stout; bracts very broadly

ovate, acute; flowers $-1 in. diam., subcorymbose, yellow barred with crimson, nO
papillose. Capsule 2-22 in., fusiform.

3l. S. preemorsum, Hook. f.; leaves 5-7 in. narrow, scape 1-2 i"

Saecolabium.] CXLVIII. ORCHIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 63

very stout, internodes short, sheaths annular, bracts semicircular, flowers
papillose, midlobe of lip broadly ovate or rounded, sac rounded tubercled
and pubescent at the base within. Acampe excavata, Lindl. Fol. Orchid.
; Walp. Ann. vi. 874. Cymbidium præmorsum, Swartz in Nov. Act.

Upsal. vi. 75; Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 103; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 465. Epiden-
drum premorsum, Roxb. Cor. Pl. i. 34, t. 43.— Rheede Hort. Mal. xu. t. 4.
Aerides undulata, Smith in Rees Cyclop. xxxix.

WESTERN PENINSULA; in the Circars, Roxburgh; the Concan, Law. —

Apparently near S. Wightianum, but more slender, leaves narrower, lip deeply
obed, very complicate, flowers small, papillose all over, 3-2 in. diam. Capsule
2 1n,

32. S. papillosum, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1552 (exel. syn.) ; Gen. &
Sp. Orchid. 222; stem elongate branched scandent, leaves 3-4 in. scape
-2 in., internodes close, bracts semicircular, midlobe of lip ovate, spur
conical pubescent within. S. carinatum, Griff. Notul. ii. 354. Acampe
papillosa, Lindl. Fol. Orchid. 2: Walp. Ann. vi. 873. Sarcochilus pre-
morsus, Spreng. Syst. PL iii, 721, fid Steudel.

BENGAL and the lower Himataya Mrs., from Sikkim eastwards. Assam, the
GANGETIC DELTA, the CIRCARS and TENASSERIM.

Stem 2-3 ft., as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves obliquely notched. Scape closely
Scarred to the base; flowers $ in. diam.; ovary very short. Capsule 1j in., fusi-
form.—The lip is broader in Lindley's figure than in Sylhet specimens, in which they
are oblong.ovate,

.93. S. cephalotes, Hook. f.; stem very short, leaves 3-5 in. narrow
with a unilateral semicircular sinus at the tip, peduncle 1 in., midlobe of
lip broadly ovate crenulate, sac conic hairy within. Acampe cephalotes
Tindi, Fol. Orchid. 3; Walp. Ann. vi. 873.

ILHET; H. f, J
A small species of which there are very few specimens; it appears to differ from
:Papilloseum in the short stems, longer crowded leaves and small yellow green
Owers barred with purple; lip pale rose with darker spots, disk fimbriate.

34. S. congestum, Hook: f.; stem short very stout, leaves 6-8 in.,
Scape 11-2 in., internodes very short, bracts broadly ovate acute, flowers
crowded, limb of lip rhomboid acute-angled, spur shortly conical or saccate

ary within. §. papillosum, Wight Ic. t. 1672 (not of Lindl.). Acampe
congesta, Lind]. Fol. Orchid. 3; Walp. Ann, vi. 873. Vanda congesta,
Lindl, in Bot. Reg. 1839, Misc. 61.

MALABAR, Wight. Crow (Hort. Loddiges). . ; lat

Lindley’s V. congesta from Ceylon is described as having obliquely mucronulate
faves, yellow and brown flowers, lip with an excavate pubescent base, and column
with mucronate angles (a single flower only is in Herb. Lindl.). Wight S. papil-
SC is figured with deeply 2-lobed leaves and a curved spur; his specimens (n

erb. Lindl, 1019/1836) have curved leaves 8-10 by 1-11 in.

. Sect. IV. Pratyruizon. (Seep. 54). —— .
1 35, S. viridiflorum, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. “oc. Mi. 96; ege
-23 in., racemes shorter than the leaves subcorymbose, spur acute A 263 5
ihn parallel to the blade of the lip. Dalz. d Gib». Bomb. PI. 363;
atp. Ann. vi. 885. Micropera viridiflora, Dalz. in Hook, Journ. Dot. m.
(1851), 282,
k The SOUTHERN Conc AN ; in the Western Ghats, Law, Dalzell. CEYLON, near
andy (Te, in Herb. Kew).

aves i—b in. broad. Raceme 3-5-fld. ; bracts short, broad, obtuse; flowers

64 cxivitt. ogOHIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) f Saccolabium.

j-i in. diam.,' greerish white; lip clouded with rose-colour, blade situated at the
mouth of the spur which it embraces, broadly deflexed flabelliform membranous
outer margins crenulate or trifid, side lobes free rounded; spur very short, conical,
incurved.

36. S. maculatum, Hook. f.; leaves 4-6 in., raceme elongate much
longer than the leaves laxly many-fld., spur obtuse villous within. Micro-
pera muculata. Dalz. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iu. (1851), 282; Dalz. & Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 263; Lindl. in Journ. Linn, Soc. iii. 38. Sarcochilus macu-
latus, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii. 575.

The SOUTHERN Concan and CANARA ; on the Western Ghats, Dalzell, Stocks,
Ritchie, Ke.

Leaves 1-2 in., broad, linear-oblong to cuneately oblong, 2-lobed. Raceme
8-12 in., very shortly peduncled ; bracts short, broad; rachis stout ; flowers } m.
diam., subsessile ; sepals and petals yellow with a central purple spot; lip white an
rose-cold., blade situated below the mouth of the short saccate obtuse spur, which it
overlaps, very coriaceous, entire; side lobes connate below, narrow, erect and re-
curved. Capsule 14 in., fusiform, 6-ribbed.— Allied, I think, to S. viridiflorum,
and not a Sarcochilus, to which Bentham has referred it.

Sect. V. DisricHa. (See p. 54.)

37. S. distichum, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 36; leaves 1 1n.
lanceolate acuminate or 2-3-cuspidate, peduncle 2-3-fld., sepals and petals
obovate-oblong, lip with a saccate subhemispheric spur, midlobe small semi-
circular fleshy entire with a didymous callus at the base. Reichb. f. Otia
Hamburg, 43.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 6-8000 ft., Grifith’s Collectors. Kuasta HILLS
alt. 5-6000 ft., J. D. H. & T. T. MuNNIPORE, alt. 6900 ft., Watt.

Stems 4-8 in., filiform. Leaves very fleshy. Peduncle rarely longer than the
leaves; flowers racemose, }—} in. diam. ; bracts small; sepals and petals green oF
yellowish spotted with purple; side lobes of lip 0; column very short. Capsule
2 in., fusiform,

38. S. tenuicaule, Hook. f.Ic. Plant. ined.; leaves 3-4 in. linear-lan-
ceolate, flowers shortly pedicelled on a tubercle of the stem, sepals broadly
obliquely ovate acute, petals smaller, side lobes of lip erect subacute nearly
as long as the lanceolate incurved bicuspidate midlobe, spur short con-
stricted above the saccate incurved base, villous within at the constriction.

PENANG ; on West Hill, Curtis. PERAK, Scortechini, Wray.

Stem 8-12 in., as thick as a crow-quill, simple or branched, rooting at the base
only, deeply grooved. Leaves 1-3 in. broad, strict. Flowers 1 in. diam., pale green;
sepals thin, nerves 3 faint; petals l-nerved; column stout ; midlobe of lip cymbi-
form smooth. Column short, anther membranous, almost flat, acuminate ; rostellum
projected, styliform ; strap of small reniform pollinia broad, with a dilated subreni-
form apex, gland small.

Sect. VI. Speciosæ. (See p. 54.)

39. S. ampullaceum, Lindl.in Wall. Cat. 7307; Sert. Orchid. t. V s
in Journ, Linn. Soc. ii. 35 (excl. syn.); leaves suberect acutely 2-fid. oF
truncate and toothed, raceme subsessile, shorter than the leaves, Sp"T
straight. Pawt. Mag. Bot. xiii. t. 49; Bot. Mag. t. 5595; Warner Orchid.
Alb.t.191. Ærides ampullaceum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 476.

TROPICAL HIMALAYA, alt. 1-3000 ft., from Nepal eastwards. SILHET,
MuNNIPORE, BURMA, and TENASSERIM.

Stem short, stout. Leaves 2-6 in., deeply channelled. Racemes shorter than
the leaves, cylindric; bracts minute; flowers $ in. diam., rose-red; sepals an
petals broadly obovate, widely spreading; spur longer than the blade of the lip.

Saecolabium.] ^ oetemt. opcpmez, (J. D. Hooker.) 65

Capsule 1 in., subclavate, angles acute, pedicel j in.—Lindley in J ourn, Linn. Soc.
by oversight probably, refers his S. rubrum to this instead of to curvifolium.

40. S. curvifolium, Lindl. Gen. Z Sp. Orchid. 222; leaves strongly
recurved very narrow, racemes much shorter than the leaves, spur straight.
Lindl. Gen & Sp. Orchid, 222; Ill. Hortic. xii. t. 493; Warner Orchid.
Alb. t. 107; Puydt Orchid. t. 88. S. rubrum, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7310;

gen. & Sp. Orchid. 222. S. miniatum, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5326 (not of
indl.).

Assam; Ic. in Hort. Caleutt. BunMa, Wallich, Griffith, &c.—DisTRIB.

ava.

Very closely allied to S. ampullaceum, but the leaves are twice as long, mmeh
narrowed and strongly recurved, the flowers more scarlet with a golden lip —T je
strap of the pollen is figured in Bot. Mag. as broadly triangular, it should be very
slender. Lindley's habitat of Ceylon is no doubt an error, or referable to a culti-
vated specimen ; or an Aerides may have been intended.

4l. S. trichromum, Reich). f. in Hamb. Gartenzeit, 1859, 51; Xen.
Orchid. 119, t. 139; leaves spreading obtusely 2-lobed, racemes much
Shorter than the leaves, flowers subsecund, spur incurved. S. pallens,
Lindl. (not Cathcart) in Journ. Linn, Soc. iii. 35.

StkKIM HIMALAYA (Jc. Cathcart). Buotan and Assam (Ic. in Herb. Cal-
t).

Stem 1-3 ft. Leave in. broad. Racemes 3-5 in., lax-fld., shortly pe-
duneled ; pedicel with overt d in. sigmoid ; sepals linear-oblong, acute and broader
shorter petals yellowish-white with a rose-cold. midrib; lip yellowish or rose-cold.,
Zei with pink; spur 3- in. long, horn-like; limb short, acute, with a
fattened hooked callus at the throat.

Sect. VI. Uncrrera. (See p. 55.)

42. S. obtusifolium, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined.; leaves broadly
lorate 2-lobed, raceme elongate, lip cymbiform subacute or bifid, dn.
meurved upon the side of the lip, tip thickened. Uncifera obtusifolia,

"dl. in Journ, Linn, Soc. iii. 40.

TER HIMALAYA. alt, 5000 ft, Clarke. BworAN; in the Gheet Valley,
Lister, Knasra HILLIS; Churra, alt. 4000 ft., J. D. H. 4 T. T. flat.
Stem 2-4 in., as thick as a goose-quill; roots very many and long. Leaves flat,

ete ret 1 l 7 i d l ith raceme very stont, 2-3 in. H

bra M o very thick lobes obtuse. Peduncle wi 7 A k [

flow h ge, ovate, ‘persistent, at length reflexed ; pedicel with ovary 4 1D. ;
e :

"s 3-3 in. diam., pale lemon-coloured, at first greenish ; limb of lip shorter
than the obovate-oblong obscurely nerved "sepals, tip of lip thickened, side lobes
on Cate ; column very short, rostellum beaked ; anther long-beaked ; pollinia sma :
whine’ face of the refracted end of the elongate spathulate strap, the margins o

ich are recurved, gland very long.

43. S acumina ined. ; leaves linear- or

. tum, Hook. f.; Ic. Plant. ed: i
oblong-lanceolate obliquely nonminite raceme short, lip cymbiform obtuse,
iii. Date, tip acute. Uncifera acuminata, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc.

Sterne Hra le. Kuasta Hiris, Griffith (Kew
Distrib, 5257) ATAYA, alt, 6-7000 ft, Gamb
much more
and shorter ra
YOL, VI.

à ifoli i horter leaves
slender plant than S. obtusifolium, with narrower s
cemes, a much less curved spur, flowers about the same size and colour

66 CXLVIII. OROHIDEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Saccolabium,

but spur not so long or so much incurved, gland of the pollinia smaller. Capsule
3-1 in., narrowly fusiform, shortly pedicelled.

DOUBTFUL AND IMPERFECTLY KNOWN SPECIES.

S. chavatum, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 223. (Epidendrum clavatum, Retz
Obs. vi. 50. Limodorum clavatum, Willd. Sp. Pl.iv.126; caulescent, pendulous,
leaves linear clavate 2-toothed, spikes leaf-opposed, lip inflated bearded.—Easi
Indies, on trees. — It is impossible to say what this is; it had better be suppressed.

S. DASYPOGON, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 222. (Aerides dasypogon, Smith in
Rees Cyclop. Suppl. Epidendrum umbellatum, Ham, mss.); stemless, leaves
ovate-oblong acute obliquely 2-toothed, corymbs subumbellate, sepals and petals in-
curved linear-oblong green without blood-red within, lip white dotted with blood-
red, limb dilated subcordate toothed.—Nepal, Hamilton.—(Probably S. calceolare).

S. Prcn£r, Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1887, i. 447 ; leaves very broad 7 by 2 in.
ligulate obtusely 2-lobed, raceme few-fld., flowers as in Sect. Calceolaria, as large 8$
S. bellinum, sepals and petals cuneately oblong ochreous spotted with red, lip a
cupular spur, side lobes retuse and angular over the transversely triangular midlobe,
blade white and yellow base of the spur spotted with red.—Moulmein, Peché.—(I
have seen only imperfect cultivated specimens in Herb. Kew. It appears to be 8
very distinct large-leaved species of Sect. Calceolaria, J. D. H.) .

AcaMPE GRIFFITHIIT, Retchb. f. in Flora, 1872, 277; near A. dentata, spur
cylindric hairy within, midlobe of lip triangular angled on each side at the base pro-
truding, two intermarginal lamelle (‘‘ lineatis apice lobosis ”), disk warted all over.—
The rest as in A. dentata, Lindl.—Bhotan, Griffith.

ACAMPE INTERMEDIA, Beicht, f. in Otto. & Dietr. Algemein. Gartenzeit. 1896,
217; near A. multiflora, Lindl.; flowers like those of A. papillosa, Lindl., leaves
shorter lovate lip equally 2-lobed, raceme short corymbose, lip (“labello aplectro )s
canal between the lateral lobes hairy, midlobe oval acute tubercled.

65. SARCANTHUS, Lindl.

Characters of Saccolabium, but spur with a dorsal usually 2-lobed callus
or an erect plate within, inserted under the column, and with the cavity

more or less divided by a vertical septum.—Species about 20, Tropical
Asiatic.

But for the inconvenience attending the substitution of a new generic name
for the numerous species of this genus, I should unhesitatingly unite it to
Cleisostoma, and both to Saccolabium. The only character whereby its species can
distinguished is the more or less septate cavity of the spur, often a very obscure one,
and almost inappreciable when the septum is reduced to a mere ridge.

* Leaves elongate, filiform.

1. S. filiformis, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1842, Misc. 61; leaves 8-10 in.
racemes long lax-fld., sepals oblong obtuse, petals smaller and narrowel
lip broadly conically, saccate base 2-lobed, side lobes acute incurved, mid-

lobe short broad toothed on each side at the base. .Bot. Mag. t. 4639 5
Jard. Fleur. 266.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA, Grifith's Collector. Kuasta Hits, Lobb. TENASSERIM
Parish,

Stem pendulous, as thick as a duck’s quill, terete. Leaves distant, } in. diam.
obtuse. Racemes 6-10 in., curved; bracts minute, ovate; pedicels very short;
flowers 4 in. diam. ; sepals and petals dark purple, margins and midrib green; lip
fleshy, white, base broad yellow, midlobe white, sac with a narrow lamina from
the base of the midlobe downwards, and a very large-lobed hispid callus below the
very broad, thick, yellow column ; strap of oblong pollinia rather broad, gland angular.

|

Sarcanthus.] OXLVII, ORCHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 67

2. S. Williamsoni, Reichd. f. in Hamb. Gartenzeit. 1865, 333; in

` Gard. Chron, 1865, 674; leaves 4-5 in., racemes long laxly many-fid.,

sepals ovate-oblong, petals smaller oblong, side lobes of lip erect oblong
Die subfalcate, midlobe incurved fleshy thickly clawed acuminate, spur
globose.

TENASSERIM ; at Moulmein, Parish. ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Berkeley.

Stem nearly as thick as a goose-quill Leaves 1 in. diam., curved, obtuse.
Racemes 6-8 in., slender, sometimes branched; bracts ovate-lanceolate ; flowers 4 in.
diam., pedicelled, amethystine; spur with a narrow lamella from the base of the lip
downwards and a large lobed pubescent dorsal callus; anther short; pollinia very
minute subglobose, strap broadly obcordate (short, slender in Ic. Parish).

3. S. appendiculatus, Hook. f.; leaves 3 in., racemes short few-
fid., sepals oblong, petals smaller and narrower, side lobes of lip triangular
acuminate, midlobe short incurved, column pubescent at the base in front,
spur funnel-shaped slightly curved obtuse. S. teretifolius, EeicAb. f.
n Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 136 (not of Lindl.. Aerides appendiculatum,
Wall. Cat. 7315; Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 249.

Tavor, Wallich. TENASSERIM ; at Moulmein, Griffith, Parish.

Stem as thick as a duck's quill, rigid. Leaves } in. diam., obtuse. Racemes
-2 in. ; bracts minute; pedicels short; flowers 1 in. diam.; petals and sepals re-
flexed, yellow-green ; lip rose-pink, spur 2-celled below the middle by a lamina
descending from the base of the midlobe; dorsal callus very large, lobed, pubescent
at the base; anther short; pollinia very large, strap broadly triangular-ovate.—

ery near §. teretifolius of China, but flowers very much smaller and spur longer.

** Leaves flat or channelled.
t Stem elongate, scandent or pendulous.

4. S. secundus, Grif. Notul. iii. 362; Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 336; stem
slender elongate, leaves 4-7 in. narrowly linear-lanceolate acuminate,
racemes slender, flowers subsecund, sepals oblong obtuse, petals smaller,
aide lobes of lip tooth-like, midlobe small ovate acute concave, spur conico-
ciundibular obtuse gibbous dorsally. Micropera pallida, Lindi. in Wall.

at. 7321 (in part), (not of Gen. & Sp. Orchid.).

rn, Wallich. UppER Assam, Griffith. |

faves CA in. broad, rigid, 5-nerved ; sheaths 3-1 in., deeply grooved when dry.
zemes shorter than the leaves, peduncle and rachis slender; bracts minute,
pedicel with ovary } in. ; flowers in. diam. ; sepals and petals red with white or
lon hen Margins and central band ; lip rose-cold., very fleshy, spur white with a
anc o tual septum, dorsal callus 2-lobed ; column stout, short, rostellum subulate ;
a er long-beaked, strap of globose pollinia slender, dilated above, gland minute.
paie i in., ellipsoid or oblong, ribs low.—Referred to under 5. peninsularis as
Fron y that plant by Lindley (in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 39), but is very different.
SE drawing in Herb. Calcutt. this would seem to be the original

o XPhyllus, of Wallich's mss. ; and that Lindley inadvertently trausferred that
me to No, 16, ,

5. S. peninsularis, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. iii. (1857), 249;
ohn 1-6 in., flowers deflexed, sepals and smaller petals obovate-oblong
"se, side lobes of lip short erect subacute, midlobe small incurved acute,
Ip nical subacute dilated above. Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 39 ;
Tet ht”, vi 891; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 264. S. pauciflorus, Wight
'* 1747 (bad). Saccolabium acuminatum, Thwaites Enum. 34.
F2

68 OXLVII, ORCHIDE®. (J. D. Hooker.) [Sarcanthus.

The Deccan PENINSULA; on the Ghats from the Concan to Travancore.
CEYLON ; in the Saffragam district. "ES

Siem 10-12 in., as thick as a duck's quill, flexuous, pendulous. Leaves uniform,
6-8 by }-4 in., rigid, strict or curved, 3-5-nerved, acuminate, tip obtuse, sheaths
ribbed. Racemes slender, bracts minute; flowers } in. diam., greenish or yellow
with pink margins and a violet lip; sepals and petals rather spreading; spur
more or less perfectly 2-celled, dorsal callus small; column short ; anther beaked,
pollinia didymous, strap slender dilated upwards, gland small. Capsule 2-3 in,
deflexed, narrowly oblong.

6. S. insectifer, Reichb. f. im Bot. Zeit. 1857, 159; leaves many
1 by 2 in. oblong amplexicaul, spikes very short stout few-fld., sepals ovate-
oblong obtuse, petals oblong, side lobes of lip rounded, midlobe large trian-
gular-ovate fleshy, spur short broadly conical.

BEHAR; at Burkutta, J.D. H. Cacnar, Mann. Currragone (Ie. in Hort.
Caleutt.). TENASSERIM, Parish.

Stem a foot and upwards, robust, scandent, thicker than a goose-quill. Leaves
subimbricate, obliquely obtusely 2-lobed with sometimes an intermediate apiculus,
thickly corivceous. Spikes i in., sessile; bracts small, deciduous; flowers j in
diam., greenish-yellow striped with red-brown; lip white and pink or purple, mid-
lobe acute or acuminate, spur semiseptate mouth with a pubescent ridge, dorsal
callus large; column very short, stout, tip reclinate and with uncinate recurved

arms; anther truncate, pollinia globose didymous, strap short very broad, gland
transverse.

7. S. Scortechinii, Hook. f; leaves 3-5 by 12 in. subpetioled
oblong-lanceolate acute flat, spike about equalling the leaves very stout
many-fld., sepals oblong acute, petals half as broad, side lobes of lip ob-
solete, midlobe hastately deltoid, spur longer than the sepals conical obtuse
curved.

PERAK, Scortechini; on rocks, Wray.

Stem elongate, robust, as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves very thick. Spikes
2-6 in., flowers Ä in. diam. ; sepals and petals lurid purple with green midrib and
margins; lip 2 in., yellowish, spur 2-celled, dorsal callus large ; column short ; anther
obtusely beaked; pollinia 4, broadly oblong, strap linear. . Capsules 1 DÉI

linear-oblong, deflexed.—Described from fruiting specimens and a drawing by
Scortechini.

8. S. pallidus, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1840, Misc. 78; in Journ. Linn.
Soc. ii. 39; leaves 10-14 in. lorate flat, panicle very large copiously
branched laxly many.fld. sepals and smaller petals oblong obtuse, side
lobes of lip triangular acuminate, midlobe a small incurved ovate acute
fleshy beak, spur a cylindric obtuse sac. S. racemifer, Reichd. f. in Wulp-
Ann. vi 891. S. tricolor, R. f. in Bonpland. ii. 219. Saccolabium racemi-
ferum, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 924. Aerides racemiferum, Wall. mss.

East NEPAL, alt. 4000 ft, J. D. H. BHoTAN and the Kaasia HILLS
alt. 4-6000 ft., Wallich, &c. Burma, Berkeley.

Stem as thick as the thumb; roots very stcut. Leaves very coriaceous, 2 in.
broad, deeply obtusely 2-lobed. Panicle with the stout peduncle 2-3 ft., branches
long, slender; bracts at the forks ovate-lanceolate, floral subulate, persistent;
pedicel with ovary 4 in. ; flowers 4 in. diam. ; sepals and petals dark purple edge
with yellow ; lip white, spur thick-walled, about as long as the sepals, semiseptals
longitudinally, dorsal callus 2-lobed; column short, stout, rostellum obscure;
anther broad, acute, pollinia oblong, strap dilated above, gland small. (open

i in. ellipsoid or clavate.— The E. Nepal specimen has shorter leaves and an ellipsoid
capsule.

Sarcanthus.] OxLvitt, OROHIDEX. (J.D. Hooker.) 69

_ tt Stem short or 0.

9. S. erinaceus, Reichb. f. in Bot. Zeit. 1864, 298; leaves linear-
oblong subacute channelled, racemes longer than the leaves pendulous
laxly many-fld. hirsute, sepals and smaller petals oblong-obovate white,
side lobes of lip broad midlobe ovate-oblong obtuse, spur shorter than the
sepals saccate. Dot. Mag. t. 5030. S. Stowellianus, Batem. mss.

TENAsSERIM ; at Moulmein, Parish. :

Stem short, as thick as the little finger. Leaves close set, 2-3 by $ in., recurved,
coriaceous, Racemes 4-6 in., rachis slender purple; bracts minute; flowers $ in.
diam. ; pedicel with ovary 3-$ in. ; side lobes of lip with acute outer angles, spu: wit 1
asinuous ridge at the mouth, and with a broad plate extending downwards rom E
base of the pink midlobe, dorsal callus didymous ; column stout, recurved, bea

decurved, base broad; anther long-beaked, strap of pollinia very slender, gland
minute,

l0. S. laxus, Reichb. in Bot Zeit. 1886, 378; in Saunders Refug.
Bot. t. 109; leaves very sheet broad fleshy, raceme 6-8 in., sepals broadly
oblong obtuse, petals obovate-oblong, side lobes of lip erect, midlobe very
short obtuse concave, spur broadly conical obtuse.

TENASSERIM: at Moulmein, Griffith, Parish. ;
Stem 0. Leaves 24-3 by 1-1 ne linear-oblong, obtusely 2-lobed, clouded with
Purple beneath, Peduncle slender, branched at the base, very lax-fid. ; l Ges
minute ; pedicel with ovary horizontal, 2 in. long; flowers yellow, ben 2 lab ons;
with à narrow longitudinal plate at the base within ; dorsal callus 2-lobed, gla log,
column rather long rostellum elongate, deflexed 3 strap of globose pollinia e WW
sleuder, gland minute — Verv near S, erinaceus. There are two specimens " or
ew., both from the Royal Gardens; in one the sepals and petals are of Chi TO? ies
than in the other, and the raceme much longer. A drawing of a flower of t the. ec ur
ban Herb. Lindl., marked ^ India (Griffith) Loddiges.” The ridge within VT
ardly amounts to a septum, and the species is therefore intermediate betw
Sarcanthus aud Cleisostoma.

ll S. Parishii, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5217 ; leaves 4—6 in. lorate keeled
unequally obtusely 2-fid, racemes or panicles elongate many an ax. d,
Sepals ovate obtuse, petals smaller narrower oblong, side lo thay the
Tounded, midlobe broadly ovate, straight or recurved, spur longer than
Sepals narrowly conical curved.

TENASSERIM ; at Moulmein, Parish. imbricati
-2 in., roots very stout. Leaves few, divaricate, bases closely A
Racemes 6-16 in.; bracts minute, ovate, acute ; flowers } in. diam., go ral allus
j Pals and petals striated with red; spur septate below the middle, dorsal callus
arge; column short; anther acuminate, pollinia didymous oblong shortly stipit

i ow the tip of the narrowly spathulate strap (as in sect. Uncifera of Saccolabium),
Band minute,

12. e lorifolius, Parish mss.; leaves very thick curved linear
channelled keeled obtusely notched, scape flexuous and rachis of panic »
ease-fid. spikes stout bracts reflexed, lateral sepals broadly o Wée e,
Petals more oblong obtuse, side lobes of lip subulate, midlobe ovate concave,
"Par longer than the sepals. Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined.
TENASSERIM ; at Moulmein, Parish. : t
P, 3-4 in., stout, few leaved. Leaves 4- by 3-4 in, sheath lato ; sepals
*duncle 4 in., green, sheaths obtuse; spikes 3-4 in. ; bracts donna d sal callus
e Petals yellow with red; spur white, half 2-celled by vertical lamella, € » not long
YMous ; columa short; anther short, broad, pollinia didymous, strap

10 CXLVIII. OROHIDEEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [Sarcanthus.

gland ovate.—Described from an excellent drawing by Parish. Habit, spike and
bracts of Cleisostoma spicatum ; but the flowers are smaller, yellow, and the spur
distinctly septate within.

13. S. oxyphyllus, Wall. ex Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1840, Misc. 58;
leaves 6-12 by 1-$ in. rigid acuminate, racemes short dense-fld., sepals
oblong obtuse, petals smaller obovate-oblong, side lobes of lip acuminate,
midlobe small ovate incurved, spur much longer than the sepals sub-
cylindric obtuse. ? Cleisostoma subulatum, Blume Bijd. 362. Angraecum
pugioniforme, Klotzsch in Cat. Sem. Hort. Berol.

TENASSERIM; at Moulmein, Parish.

Stem short. Leaves thickly coriaceous, margins recurved, narrowed to both ends.
Raceme 4-6 in. ; bracts minute, acute; flowers 4 in. diam., dull purple, with yellow
disk and margins; spur large, obtuse, septate below the middle, dorsal callus large
lobed; column rather long, rostellum minute; anther acuminate, pollinia didymous,
strap very slender, gland minute.— Very near S. pugioniformis, Reichb. f. in Otto and
Diet. Gartenzeit, 1856, 219, but the leaves in that are broader and racemes mu
longer. Lindley (Bot. Reg. 1. c.) says that ozyphyllus is nothing but a narrow leaved
var. of the Chinese S. rostratus, but as noted under S. secundus there has been?
misapplication or transference of Wallich’s name of ovyphyllus by Lindley o

/allich.
- SPECIES UNKNOWN TO ME. .

S. ARIETINUS, Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1869, 416; stem 5 in., leaves 3 m.
straight stout terete as thick as a quill, raceme small deflexed many fid., bracts trial
gular not half the length of the pedicelled ovary, flowers small greenish, lip rosy, sep?
oblong, petals ligulate obtusely acute, lip 3-fid, side lobes obtuse-angled plaited in
the middle, midlobe triangular acute yellowish, spur retrorse with an erect lamellate
grooved callus under the column, column slender velvety at the angles of the lip near
the fovea. Assam (Hort. Day). Stiff, as if made of tin.

S. ASPERSUS, Reichb. f. in Hamb. Gartenzeit, 1865, 297 ; near S. Parishii ; leaves
ligulate broadly 2-toothed, peduncle long slender, flowers racemed equalling »
paniculatus, sepals green, lip purple-spotted, sepals ovate apiculate, petals st!
curved with a longitudinal septum, side lobes semi-ovate involute auricled at the
isthmus and at the base, midlobe sessile triangular.— Burma, Hort. Soc.

S. CHRYSOMELAS, Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1869, 662; leaves broadly lorate
unequally 2-lobed, panicle simple, bracts triangular much shorter than the pedice
ovaries, flowers yellowish, disk of sepals and petals blackish-purple, sepals and su
equal petals oblong, side lobes of lip triangular with an ascending awn, midlobe
triangular, spur straight conical, septum running from the posticous base of the spuf
along the anticous and excurrent on the midlobes, callus under the column bicrur??
column slender, base puberulous.— Tenasserim, at Moulmein, Benson (Hort. Veitch.
S. paniculatus has a 3-fid midlobe of the lip; S. racemifer (Saccolab. racemiferu™
and Sarcanth. pallidus, Lindl.), has a totally different column anther, callus, gn
different side lobes of lip.

S. MACRODON, Reichb f. in Gard. Chron. 1872, 1555; leaves short oblong-ligulat®
with 2 triangular forcipate teeth, raceme elongate laxly many-fld., bracts m
minute, pedicelled ovary and cylindric spur equal, sepals and petals oblong stre t
ribbed on the back, lip 3-fid, side lobes subquadrate anticous angle folded inware;
midlobe triangular concave, column short with a styliform deflexed process o
each side next to the elongate deflexed linear triangular rostellum.— Madras Pres
dency, Benson (Hort, Veitch.).

S. MIRABILIS, Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1878, ii. 300; leaves 51 by 3 in. ligulate
2-fid, lobes-ligulate obtuse, panicle 1$ in. elongate slender, branches distant €
ends racemose, bracts most minute, flowers small yellowish, spur purple, sepals oblong
acute dorsal arched gibbous, petals ligulate, lip 3-fid, side lobes short erect oblong
acute, midlobe triangular horizontal, spur cylindric semicurved grooved septaté
dorsal callus forked, strap of pollinia oblong bent over the compressed androclinium
pollinia blue on a forked appendage of the strap.— Burma ? ( Hort. Hobart).—N ear s

2

‘Shorter

Sarcanthus.] oxuvur. omonrpgx. (J.D. Hooker.) 71

Parishii, with even more remarkable pollinia. [The strap of the stipitate pollinia must
resemble that of Saccolab. sect. Uncifera, J. D. H.].

CLEISOSTOMA, Blume.

Differs from Sarcanthus only in the spur not being septate, and from
Saccolabium in having a dorsal scale or callus within the spur beneath
the column.—Species (known) probably 15 or 20.

Under Sarcanthus I have given my reason for not bringing that genus under this ;
to which I may add that if bcth were brought under Saccolabium, the result would be
Perhaps more satisfactory still. ‘here are no characters of habit or habitat whereby
the three can be distinguished, and the structural are very minute and often
obscure. In Cleisostoma and Sarcanthus the dorsal appendage within the spur is either
a 2-lobed callus or a thin scale, suggesting the propriety of rearranging the species of
both genera by this character, but it is one so difficult of accurate observation in
dried specimens that I hesitate to adopt it.

* Stem more or less elongate. Peduncle stout, usually longer than the
leaves, branched, erect ; flowers in short spikes or racemes terminating the
branches, (as in Sarcanthus pallidus).

l. C. latifolium, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1840, Misc. 60; stem very
stout, leaves 21-9 by 11-2 in., from oblong to lorate, peduncle very stout,
Side lobes of lip short truncate, midlobe reniformly ovate caruncled
towards the base, spur saccate. Walp. Ann. vi. 889. Ù. fuscum, Lindl. in
Journ. Hort, Soc. 1850, 80; Walp. Le.

, PERAK, Wray, (Ic. Scortechini) ; SINGAPORE and MALacoa, Griffith. (Kew Dis-
trib. 9235), Maingay, (KA. 1647).

Stem 6-10 in, as thick as the middle finger. Leaves thickly coriaceous, flat,
obtusely broadly 2-lobed, base narrowed. Peduncle 12-18 iv., rather flexuous ;
sheaths annular; branches 1-2 in.; rachis of spikes very stout, bracts minute,
road ; flowers $ in. diam.; sepals and petals obovate-oblong, greenish margined or
Spotted with red-brown ; spur sometimes inflated below, dorsal scale truncate erose ;
column very short, rostellum inconspicuous; anther low, broad, strap of globose
pollinia linear, gland small. Capsule 1 in., fusiform.—Of Lindley’s C. latifolium
t ere ie no specimen in his Herbarium, It was described from a Singapore plant
cultivated by Loddiges, and agrees in characters with C. fuscum, of which Lindley
Imself says it is probably only a form of latifolium.

d 2. 9. andamanicum, Hook. f.; leaves 4-6 by 3-4 in. lorate, pe-
uncle equalling or exceeding the leaves, side lobes of lip short truncate,
mi “obe very short reniform, spur cylindric.

SOUTH ANDAMAN Israwps, Kurz.

Stem as thick as a goose-quill, Leaves very coriaceous, recurved, obtusely un-
ke: 2-lobed. Peduncle 5-7 in.; sheaths annular and bracts and flowers as in
In; latifolium ; flowers } in. diam., pale greenish-yellow with a purple band within the
tellu] lip yellow, spur spotted with red, dorsal callus retuse ; column very shor b Tor

l d large, prominent ; anther ovate, acuminate, strap of globose pollinia s en er,
Zeg medium-sized.—Closely allied to latifolium, but much more slender, leaves
aller and narrower and spur cylindric.

8. C. maculosum, Lindl. Gen Sp. Orchid. 227; in Bot. Reg.
EAR 37; leaves 6-7 by i-i iat narrowly lorate, peduncle stout
lobe very. about equalling the leaves, side lobes of lip short truneate, mi -
leat xa ghort ovate papillose, spur saccate. Walp. Ann. vi. 888. C. ga-

Um, Thwaites Enum. 305. Saccolabium galeatum, Gardn. mss.

5

72 exivitt. orcntpex. (J. D. Hooker.) ` [Clersostomé, |

CEYLON; in the Central Province, Macrae, Ze,

Stem as thick as a swan's quill. Leaves coriaceous, obtusely unequally 2-lobed.
Peduncle with annular sheaths; bracts short, broad; flowers } in. dium., yellow
spotted with red; spur much smaller than the obovate-oblong sepals, dorsal scale
truncate ; column very short, rostellum short ; anther small, strap of globose pollinia
linear, gland small. Capsule 14 in., narrowly cluvate.— Bentham (Gen. Plant. iii.
580) erroneously unites Thwaites’ Saccolabium lineolatum, C.P. 2741 (S. ochraceum,
Lindl.) with Lindley's C. maculosum.

4. C. crassifolium, Lindl. in Part. Fl. Gard. iii. 125, t. 90 ; leaves
8-10 in. obtuse keeled, peduncle long stout brauched, spikes recurved, lip
with a pubescent ridge at the mouth of the cylindric spur, side lobes rounded,
midlobe broadly ovate,lateral angles acute recurved. Jard. Fleur. 1v. t.
397; Walp. Ann. vi. 889; Lindenia iii. t. 139.

TENASSERIM ? (Hort, Veitch.).

Stem as thick as the thumb. Leaves recurved, very thick, channelled above.
Peduncle equalling the leuves ; flowers 4 in. diam. ; sepals oblong, obtuse, and WS
green and spotted; lip rose-cold., mouth of spur closed by the thickened ridge, dis
of midlobe thickened; dorsal callus compressed, decnrved; column very short;
anther acuminate, pollinia 4, subglobose, strap linear, gland sinall.

** Stem short. Peduncle slender; flowers scattered on the slender
branches of the panicle.

9. C. ramosum, Hook. f.; stem short, leaves loriform obliquely
2-lobed, panicles broad, sepals obovate equalling the conical spur, side obes
of lip very small, midlobe triangular-ovate obtuse, disk at base and short
spur within pubescent. Saccolabium ramosum, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid.
224. S. flexuosum, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 36. CEceoclades flexuosa

Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7333; Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 236. Aerides ramosum,
Wall. mss.

Burer HIMALAYA; in hot valleys, J. D. H. Lower BENGAL and the Sunder-
bands, Wallich, Clarke. BuxMa; on the Attran River, Wallich; Moulmel®,
arish.

_ Stem 1-3 in. Leaves 3-5 by 4-1 in. Panicle erect; bracts minute ; flows
3 in. diam., buff, or yellowish flushed or faintly blotched with red, or dull red wit
green margins ; sepals and smaller obovate petals 3-nerved; lip white, flushed wit
pink or banded with yellow; dorsal scale in spur erect 2-fid. pubescent ; colum?
very short, broad ; anther short very broad, pollinia (4, 2 very small, Crarke), strap
dilated upwards and suddenly contracted at the tip. Capsule } in., fusiform.
Wallich’s specimens from Burma have very narrow leaves.

DE Stem usually elongate. Peduncle slender or stout rarely branched,
usually shorter than the leaves.

6, €. spicatum, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1847, under t. 32; leaves 4-9 bY
3-2 im. spike stout simple dense-Hd., bracts ovate-subulate deflexed: side
lobes of lip broad rounded, midlobe small ovate fleshy, spur contracte

above the inflated 4-lobulate base. Sarcanthus densiflorus, Par. & Reich H
f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 136. Saccolabium densiflorum, Lindl. in all.

Cat. 7311; Gen. & Sp. Orchid, 220; in Bot. Reg. 1838, Misc. 56. Ærides
densiflorum, Hall mss.

5 TENASSERIM ; at Moulmein, Parish, Penano, Wallich, Curtis. DIST8U*
Orneo,

Stem as thick as the middle finger in Penang, more slender in Moulmei
Leaves oblong or linear-oblong, broadly unequally 2-lobed. Spike decurved oF pen
dulous; flowers $ in. diam., glabrous or subfurfuraceous; sepals and petals br

Cleisostoma.] ^ oxrvmi. omómtpgxm. (J.D. Hooker.) 73

dull red with a pale central band ; lip yellowish flushed with red, midlobe incurved,
Spur sometimes transversely septate towards the base, dorsal callus forked ; column
very short, rostellum short; anther beaked, strap of globose pollinia slender, dilated
upwards, gland small.— The spur is like that of Saccolab. buccosum.

7. C. tenerum, Hook. f.; stem scandent, leaves 1-2 in. oblong,
base cordate, raceme few-fld. on a short stout leaf-opposed peduncle, side lobes
of lip large truncate crenulate, midlobe ovate obtusely 3-lobed fleshy, spur
very short conical incurved. (Eceoclades tenera, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid.
236; Wight Ic. t. 1680; Thwaites Enum. 306; Walp. Ann. vi. 895.
Conia ? alata, A. Rich. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3, xv. 67, t. 7. Saccolabium
P tenerum, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 36.

Nirenikr Hirrs ; in woods near Neddubetta, Perrottet. CEYLON; in the Central
rovince, alt, 3-5000 ft., Macrae, Ze. . ded
Stem 1-2 ft., as thick as a duck's quill. Leaves scattered, fleshy, tip roun ee
or notched. Peduncle 4-3 in. woody; basal sheaths cupular ; bracts cymbiform ;
flowers 2 in. diam., fleshy, yellow or greenish, nerves red ; sepals and petals oblanoeo-
late obtuse, lateral sepals decurved; midlobe of lip white, dorsal callus fles yi
column rather long ; anther short broad acute, strap of globose pollinia slender, glan
small. Capsule 1 in., turgid, elliptie-oblong or pyriform.—Erronevusly referred to
Saccolab, brevifolium in Gen. Plant. (iii. 579). I have seen no Nilghiri specimen.

8. C. bipunctatum, Hook. f.; stem slender scandent, leaves 4-6
by 1-2 in. subacute, peduncle very short, 1-2 fld.side lobes of lip small
subfaleate, midlobe large ovate-lanceolate, spur very small „incurve
obtuse, saccate. Saccolabium bipunctatum, Par. & Reichb. f. in Trans.

mn. Soc. xxx. 145. i

TENASSERIM ; at Moulmein, Parish.

Stem about as thick as a duck’s quill. Leares lorate, laterally notched towards
the tip; costa stout beneath. Flowers about i in. diam, yellow and Wé ved
bracts obscure ; sepals oblong-lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved, and linear-obloug. Nu m
Petals falcate ; midlobe of lip longer than the sepals, white, 3-nerved with a basa
callus, dorsi] scale membranous toothed ; column very short; auther short, Wéi

road, strap of subglobose pollinia linear, gland small.—I have seen only a very sma

Specimen. Reichenbach, though describing the scale in the spur, places this in
Saccolabium.

9. C. brevi es, Hook. f.; stem elongate, leaves 4 in. distichous
uniform linear Tanceclate Sé fleshy, spike short sessile dense-fld., rachis
very thick, bracts short, flowers 2 in. diam., sepals and petals subsimi ar
ovate-oblong obtuse orange-yellow with two purple bands, lip pale ye Ta
side lobes faleate acute, midlobe short hastate with a membranous Z-
AWned tip, disk thickened, spur a short sac tip rounded.

Sixxiy HIMALAYA, (Ic, in Hort. Calcutt.) ; alt. 5000 ft. Gamble. Assam, (Hort.
ampany. .

Stems tufted, 8-12 in., as thick as a goose-quill, internodes i-i M ragnlose.
aves erecto-patent, sessile, 2 in. diam., flat, hard, tip micronate. Spike Ls ind
šal sheaths short, annular, and bracts brown; ovary 4 in., green strip th thick

eal Sac of lip shining, thickened disk extending backward to Weit e hort
callus at the base of the column thus closing the orifice of the sac; CO Rer: 4
Stout, Pollinia subquadrate strap compressed, gland large, 2-partite. Capri den
nt on terete, fleshy, striate.— Described from fresh cultivated spec
ew,

74 CXLVIIL ORCHIDES. (J. D. Hooker) ` [Cletsostoma.

**** Stem very short. Leaves subradical. Peduncle and raceme or
spike much shorter than the leaves.

10. C. undulatum, Reich. f. in Flora, 1872, 274; leaves 4-8 by
3-11 in. lorate narrowed at both ends undulate, raceme many-fid., sepals
oblong, side lobes of lip orbicular, midlobe suborbicular caruncled obscurely
3-lobed, spur short globose. Saccolabium undulatum, Lindl. in Wall.

Cat. 7301; Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 222.

SILHET, Wallich. CuirrAGONG, hill tracts, Gamble.

Stem 1-12 in., roots fascicled. Leaves unequally obtusely 2-lobed, often falcate,
sheath very short, flattened, midrib beneath strong. Raceme 3-1 in.; bracts
minute; flowers 1 in. diam., yellow blotched with red; sepals faintly 3-nerved;
petals spathulately obovate, obtuse, l-nerved ; spur contracted at the mouth, mem-
branous, dorsal scale erect bifid; column very short, rostellum minute, defiexed ;
anther broad, membranous, l-celled, strap of globose pollinia slender, gland minute.
Capsule 2 in. long, linear-oblong.

ll. C. uteriferum, Hook. f.; stemless, leaves 6-8 by 1} in. lorate
tip broad rounded or retuse margins undulate, spike stoutly peduncle
shorter than the leaves dense-fld., sepals obovate-oblong undulate tip
rounded, petals smaller and narrower, side lobes of lip truncate, midlobe

very small ovate fleshy, spur a large inflated subglobose sac sulcate in front,
neck contracted.

Perak, Kunstler ( Hort. Bot. Calc.).

Leaves flat, base hardly contracted. Spike with peduncle 3 in.; rachis very
stout, strict; bracts minute; ovary very short, Ae in.; flowers 4 in. diam., thick,
sepals and petals dirty yellow, dull red towards the base, nerves obscure ; lip shorteT,
spur longer than the sepals, slightly incurved, grooved down the front, walls thin,
dorsal scale large semicircular convex entire ; column very short indeed, rostellum
small, protruded ; anther broad, truncate, l-celled, pollinia globose, seated on the
contracted capex of a rather broad lanceolate strap, gland oblong.—Near C. undi-
latum and Wendlandorum, but with a much larger inflated spur, smaller midlobe of
lip, and broad strap of the pollinia. Described from an analysis of dried flower?
and a fine drawing in the Calcutta Herbarium.

12. C. Wendlandorum, Reichb. f. in Otto & Dietr. Allgeme
Gartenzeit. 1856, 219; leaves 6-10 by 1-11 in., broadly lorate, raceme simple
or branched many-fld., sepals obovate-oblong, petals narrower, side lobes
of hp obscure rounded, midlobe small orbicular fleshy, spur short 10°
flated. C. callosum, Reichb. f. in Bonpland (not of Blume.\ Pomatocal pa

spicatum, Kuhl & Hasselt. ex, R. f. in Otto § Dietr. Allgemem.
Gartenzeit. L. c.

CACHAR ; Keenan. TENASSERIM, Parish. ANDAMAN IsnaNDs, Berkeley.

Stem 1-1} in., very stout, roots fascicled. Leaves coriaceous, 2-lobed, nerveless,
midrib beneath slender. Raceme or panicle 4-6 in. ; bracts obscure ; flowers 35 I
broad, yellow, papillose ; spur very short broad truncate, dorsal scale semicircu i
erose; column very short, rostellum beaked ; anther broad, strap of globose pollinià
linear, gland small. Capsule (in Cachar) 1 in., linear-oblong.—A much larger

plant than C. undulatum, named after the two Wendlands of Herrenhausen, father
and son.

13. C. Mannii, Beicht, f. in Flora, 1872, 273; leaves lorate narrowed
at both ends, raceme simple or branched many-fid., sepals and pe

obovate, side lobes of lip truncate obtusely angled, midlobe orbicular-ovaté
spur short inflated.

Cleisostoma.] OXLVIIL ORCHIDEE, (J. D. Hooker.) 75

Assam, Mann. SIKKIM? (Jc. in Herb. Calcutt.)

lhave seen but one specimen; it is as small as C. undulatum, from which it
differs in the much longer stouter peduncle and raceme, and very small flowers about
Ys in. diam, (pale golden yellow flushed with red at the base of the sepals and
petals, according to the Sikkim drawing). Dorsal scale of spur erect, 2-fid ; column
very short, anther broad, obtuse, pollinia subglobose, strap dilated upwards, rather
long, gland small.

44. C. decipiens, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1884, Misc. 11; leaves 8-10 by
lin. thick purple dotted beneath, peduncle simple or branched, spike
many-fld., sepals and petals ovate or oblong-ovate,lip broader than long
entire, spur short broad gibbous. C. maculosum, Thwaites Enum. 304 (C.
P, 3885) (not of Lindl.) C.'Thwaitesianum, Trimen in Journ. Bot. 1886,

CEYLON ; on trees in the low country, Thwaites (C.P. 3193).
, A drawing of this plant from the Perideniya Herbarium represents the stem iy
in. long, the leaves 5-6 by ł-1 in., lorate, unequally obtusely 2-lobed, sheaths $ in.
long, and underside of leaf speckled with purple. Flowering peduncle stout,
speckled with purple, with the dense-fid. spike 2 in., lengthening to 6 in. in fruit ;
racts minute, subulate ; flowers 1 in. diam., yellowish, more or less suffused with
ted. Capsule sessile, $ in. linear-oblong.—The specimen in Lindley’s herbarium
(from Hort. Leddiges) consists of an imperfect leaf 4 by 2 in. anda few inches of a
branched panicle, the flowers not 1 in. diam., are crowded in elongate spikes with a
stout rachis. The sepals as drawn by Lindley are obovate-oblong, obtuse, reddish-
brown, with a broad golden margin ; side lobes of lip erect, truncate, midlobe white,
spur yellowish; dorsal scale of spur broad erect; column and rostellum very short ;
strap of globose pollinia linear, with an apiculate tip.—Trimen rightly suspects his
wattesianum to be Lindley's decipiens.

15. C. bicuspidatum, /ook. f.; leaves 3-4 by 1-lin. acutely 2-fid,
raceme lax-fld. much shorter than the leaves, sepals orbicular-obovate obtuse,
Petals oblong-obovate, side lobes of lip plicate truncate, midlobe very
stout ovate acute incurved, spur cylindric longer than the sepals obtuse.

H em HIMALAYA ; near Darjeeling, Anderson (in Herb. Calcutt.). KHASIA
MES; alt. 2000 ft., Mann. "TlENASSERIM, Parish (1c. in Hort. Calcutt.).
une em very short. Leaves flat, narrowed towards the base, lobes very acute, often
b qual, the longer in. Peduncle with 5-6-fd. simple or branched raceme 2-5 in. ;
dln small, ovate ; flowers 3 in. diam., spreading or reflexed; sepals and petals
^ lowish-green, with a median stripe; lip white, speckled or flushed with rose,
Zi enger than the sepals, mouth infundibular with a thickened ridge, dorsal callus
globose” column very short, rostellum long decurved; anther beaked; strap of

pollinia dilated upwards, tip rounded produced beyond the pollinia, margins
recurved, gland minute. P Bb `

SPECIES UNKNOWN TO ME.

"m MSCOLOR, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1845, Misc. 59; leaves oblong channelled
sepa], o, P Aneate, peduncle long slender dull purple branched at the extremity,
in s "ent -ovate 9-nerved, and petals elliptic, both dull yellow with a greenish
oneal Ip 3-fid, side lobes plicate with a conical caruncle in the inner faces within,
India woth undivided keeled, spur longer than the sepals obtuse nearly white.—
Ve ( ort. Loddiges). In Lindley's fragment the leaf is 3} by nearly 1 in., the

Ty slender peduncle has some small ovate obtuse sheaths; bracts small, broad,
‘nous ; fl. buds about 1 in. diam., membranous; spur cylindric, longer than the
continue walls thin; side lobes of lip truncate, subcrenate ; midlobe very short
Callus bela with the side lobes, incurved, ovate, acute, concave, thin, without calli;
With r ow the column 2-lobed, puberulous; pollinia each didymous, strap clavate

*curved margins, gland very small.

16 XLVIII. oROHiDEE. (J. D. Hooker.) ( Oleisostoma,

C. LORATUM, Reichh. f. in Flora, 1872, 273; stem short, leaves cuneately lorate
obliquely acuminate, racemes stout strict, flowers small, bracts small triangular
persistent, sepals and petals ligulate obtusely acute, side lobes of lip transverse
retuse with a minute callus at each internal angle, spur short hemispheric, scale
under column sharply 2-fid to the middle, limb ovate obtusely acute.—Assam. |

ECHIOGLOSSUM STRIATUM, Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1879, 390; stem erect
strict branched, sheaths very rough (arpophyllaceous), leaves linear-ligulate uu-
equally acute very coriaceous keeled towards the tip, racemes short drooping,
flowers small dense yellow streaked with red, sepals and narrower petals oblong
obtusely acute, lip obtusely conic, side lobes triangular erect, midlobe hastately
triangular, tip acutely 2-toothed, callus below the column ligulate, strap of pollen
linear, gland very large, hippocrepiforin. Sikkim Himalaya (Hort. Mackay)—(Echio-
glossum is reduced to Cleisostoma in Gen. Piant.)

67. ORNITHOCHILUS, Wall.

Epiphytes: Stem very short, pseudobulb 0. Leaves few, broad, flat.
Scapes lateral, slender; flowers small, racemed or panicled. Sepals spread
ing, subequal, lateral obliquely obovate. Petals linear. Lip much larger
than the sepals, clawed, side lobes subquadrate, midlobe clawed inflexe
lobulate and fimbriate, with a velvety flap over the mouth of the
short incurved spur, which is distant from the base. Column short, foot 0,
rostellum forcipate; anther low 2-celled, pollinia 2, subglobose or oblong,
grooved, strap obcuneate.—Species 1 or 2, Indian and Chinese.

O. fuscus, Wall. in Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 242. O. cublepharum,
Hance in Journ. Bot. xxii. (1884), 364. Aerides difforme, Wall. in Lindl.
l. c. 242, Sert. Orchid. Frontisp. {.7; Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1865, 098 ;
Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 41; Walp. Ann. vi. 899 ; A. Hystrix. Lindl.
in J. L. S. 42 (not of Gen. & Sp. Orchid.).

Troricat HIMALAYA; from Garwhal? Falconer, to SIKKIM, and the KHASIA
Ba, alt. 4-5000 ft. 'TENASSERIM ; at Moulmein, Parish.—DisTRIB. China.

Stem i-i in., 2-3-leaved. Leaves 3-7 by 1-1} in., obliquely elliptic-oblong;
acute, many nerved, base narrowed. Racemes simple or sparingly branched, 6-12 in.,
lax-fld. ; bracts small, subulate; flowers 4~} iu. broad; sepals and petals yellow
streaked with red; side lobes of lip striped with brown, midlobe variable in breadth,
red, its lobules reflexed, the mid-one entire or fimbriate. Capsule 1 in., fusiform,
pedicelled,

68. TIENIOPHYLLUI, Blume.

Small stemless epiphytes, leafless when flowering, roots flattened
pseudobulbs 0. Leaves linear or few or 0. Pedunmcle very short, filiform,
simple, flowers very minute, spicate. Sepals and petals subequal, free oF
connate at the base. Lp sessile, saccate or spurred; side lobes short,
broad, midlobe small fleshy. Column short, broad. foot 0; anther 2-
celled; pollinia 4, in superposed pairs, strap linear, gland small.—Species
about 6, Indian, Maliyan, Australian and Pacific.

There are several Perak plants in Scortechini collections that are probably Tenio-
phylia; but the species are obscure, minute, and very imperfectly known, and there
are no doubt many to be discovered,

l. T. Alwisii, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 42; peduncle glabrous,
sepals and petals connate, lip cymbiform. Thwaites Enum. 305, Reich.
f. Xen. Orchid. 67, t. 116.

Teniophyllum.] CXLVIII. ORCHIDER. (J. D. Hooker.) 77

CEYLON; in the Ambagamowa district, De Alwis. . .

Roots fleshy. Peduncle 4 in.; bracts keeled; flowers most minute, pa e Breen ;
sepals, petals and lip connate into an acutely 6-toothed perianth ; margins of ip "ni ;
eolumn short; anther square, sub-4-celled ; pollinia 4, pyriform, sessile on the gland.—
Descript. from Thwaites.

i ls
2. T. scaberulum, Hook. f.; peduncle } in. scaberulous, sepa
petals and lip connate at the base, lip deeply saccate with a minute
mcurved midlobe.

TRAVANCORE; on teak branches, at Cottayam, Johnson.

Roots about Ae in. diam., compressed. Peduncle 2-3-fld.; bracts broad ; flowers
sessile, A in, diam. ; sepals and petals oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, fleshy ; sac b spur
nearly as long as the limb of the lip, base rounded ; column very short; anth

truncate in front, pollinia pyriform. Capsule (young), l in., slender, curved,
scaberulous,

3. T. serrula, Hook. f.; leafless, spike sessile many-fld. appearing
Serrulate from the number and regularity of the very minute su ide
tichons bracts, sepals and petals free or nearly so, lip cymbiform, side
obes low rounded, midlobe very short thick, spur scrotiform.

Perak ; at Larut, King’s Collector.

Roots stont, ` indian? Spikes 1-1 in.; bracts concave, obtuse ; flowers about
lin. diam., reddish-yellow ; sepals lanceolate, obtuse and narrower petals wi

thick nerve; side lobes of lip incurved; column very short, papillose. Capsule 3-1}
m., trigonous, .

69. MICROSACCUS, Blume.

Small densely tufted epiph tes; stems densely leafy. Leaves disti-
chous, narrow or scalpelliform, fleshy. Flowers minute, subsessile or very
shortly racemose, Sepals and petals subequal, widely spreading. i beh
*mall, adnate to the base of the column, base broadly saccate; side lobes
small or 0, midlobe broad subentire. Column very short, truncate ; anther
obtuse; pollinia 4, distinct, ellipsoid or globose, sessile on the slen er
strap, gland small or medium sized. Capsule small.—Species 3 or 4,

alayan.

l. M. javensis, Blume Bijdr. 367; leaves equitant scalpelliform,
flowers subsolitary. ` Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 219. Saccolabium
Grifithii, Par, & Reichb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 145.

TENASSERIM ; at Mergui, Griffith ( Kew Distrib. 5244), Helfer (Kew Distrib.
$384). Parish, PERAK, Scortechini. — DISTRIB. Malay Islands, Cambodia., vate

Stems 2-4 in., curved, 4 in. diam. across the leaves. Leaves broa d n-
obtuse, somewhat recurved, wrinkled when dry. Flowers yg in. diam., M^ late ;
cealed by the leaves, cellular white; bracts scarious, sheathing ; sepals Gelee dd
Petals Tather narrower : lip obtusely 3-lobed. Capsule 4 in., sessile, ellipsoid. =
escription of flower from a drawing by Griffith in Herb. Lindl. I have

. 3
i Authentic Javan specimen, but the Indian plant agrees well with Blume’s
€scription.

2. M. virens Hook. f.; leaves linear-oblong trigonous, flowers in
very Short racemes. P Aden none virens, Blume Bijdr. 381; Lindl. Gen.
- Orchid. 235. ]
Perrak
Stems
and fle
tichon

» Seortechini—DistR1B. Java, Borneo. . thick

in., very stout, strongly incurved, Leaves Lie i d brats dis:
shy, subacute, Racemes much shorter than the leaves, 3-0- s about lim.
S, ovate, acute, very coriaceous and persistent; flowers coriaceous,

78 OXLVII. oRcHIDEZ, (J. D. Hooker.) [Microsaceus.

diam. ; sepals lanceolate, greenish ; petals shorter and narrower; lip orbicular, apicu-
late, thick, greenish, base constricted into 2 obscure side lobes; pollinia 4, globose,
gland rather large. — Described chiefly from a drawing and description by Scortechini.
The Java and Bornean specimens are not in flower, but otherwise agrees with the
Indian.

70. DIPLOCENTRUM, Lindl.

Epiphytes; stems short leafy, pseudobulbs 0. Leaves distichous,
narrow, fleshy, subterete or complicate. JPeduncle lateral, often branched;
flowers small, in long subspiciform racemes. Sepals free, connivent, sub-
equal or the lateral larger. Petals like the dorsal sepal. Lip sessile,
jointed on the base of the column, spreading, entire, shortly 2-spurred,
disk fleshy. Column very short, 2-auricled, truncate; anther 2-celled;
pollinia 2, ovoid, sulcate or 2-partite, attached by a broad strap to a
broad gland.—Species 2-3, Indian.

1. D. recurvum, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. under t. 1522; in Wall. Cat.
7331; Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 218; leaves 4-6 in. linear, panicle” long-pedun- '
cled, branches spreading. Wight Ic. t. 1680, and D. longifolium, Wight
Let 1681. Cymbidium alofolium, Herb. Heyne.

NILGHERY and TRAVANCORE, Wight, Ee, CEYLON, in the Central Province.

Stem 2-6 in., densely leafy. Leaves linear, keeled, 1-4 in. broad, unequally
obtusely 2-fid, recurved. Panicle with peduncle 5-8 in. ; flowers 1 in. diam., densely
crowded towards the ends of the spreading branches; bracts minute, acute; se
and petals deep pink or brownish tinged with pink; lip ovate-oblong, longer than
the petals, entire, pinkish lilac or crimson spur much shorter than the blade of the
lip, conical, incurved, obtuse; column very stout, auricles incurved, rostellum
inconspicuous; anther truncate, cells basal, strap of pollinia narrowed from the b
base upwards. Capsule } in., clavate.

2. D. congestum, Wight Ic. i. 1682; leaves 2-3 in. broadly
oblong, spike very stout stoutly peduncled simple or shortly branched at
the base.

TRAVANCORE; in the Iyamallay Hills, Wight,

Stem very short. Leaves 4-2 in. broad, deeply unequally 2-lobed, lobes obtuse.
Peduncle with dense-fld. spike 4-6 in., rachis very stout; bracts minute, acute ;

flowers about $ in. diam. ; colour, lip, spurs, column, anther and pollen much like
D. recurvum.

70/2. MYSTACIDIUM, Lindl.

Epiphytes, pseudobulbs 0. Leaves few, distichous, linear, coriaceous.
Flowers in axillary racemes, small. Sepals and petals subequal, free, spread-
ing. Lip adnate to the base of the column, 3-lobed, spurred. Column
very short, foot 0; anther hinged on to the top of the column; pollinia 2,
globose, attached by separate straps to the gland.—Species about 20,
tropical African and one Cingalese.

This genus should, I think, be reduced to Angraecum.

M. zeylanicum, Trimen. Cat. Ceylon Pl. 90. Angraecum zey-
lanicum, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 40; Thwaites Enum. 306.

CEYLON ; near Galle, Champion.

Stem 3-4 in. Leaves 6-10 by $-$ in., flat, narrowed to the acuminate ape*,
rigid, many-nerved. Scapes many, shorter than the leaves, very slender, rig!

Mystaeidium.] CXLVIII. OROHIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 79

lax-fld. ; bracts minute, truncate, membranous ; pedicel with ovary 1 in. ; sepals as
long, lanceolate, 5-nerved ; petals narrower, 3-nerved; lip nearly as long as the
sepals, broadly ovate, finely acuminate, cymbiform, quite entire; spur as long as the
sepals, suberect, slightly clavate ; anther firmly attached by a point to the. column.

apsule 2 in., pedicelled, narrowly ellipsoid, ribs slender.—I have seen only indif-
ferent Specimens, from which the pollen was gone. Dr. Trimen informs me that it
D found in several parts of Ceylon.

71. ACRIOPSIS, Heinwdt.

Epiphytes ; pseudobulbs clustered, 1—3-leaved. Leaves flat, linear, not
plaited. Scape from the base of the bulb, slender, simple or branched ;
racemelax-fld.; bracts small acute. Sepals narrow, spathulately obovate,
obtuse, dorsal arched, lateral connate placed under the lip. ip adnate to
the column above its middle, spreading, more or less 3-lobed, disk with 2
short erect lamella on the mesial line. Column incurved with 2 styliform

orizontal or decurved processes on each side of the stigma, and a cucul-
late top concealing the anther; rostellum suberect. acute ; anther membra-
nous, 2-celled ; pollinia 2 or 4 in 2 pairs, narrowly pyriform attached by a

` Strap to a small gland.—Species 5 or 6, Indian and Malayan. .
n Herb. Calcutta is a fine drawing of what may be a new species from

Moulmein, with a large quadrate clawed pubescent lip; it may be intended for
4. javanica,

l. A. javanica, Reinwdt. in Flora Literat. 1825, ii. 4; in Syllog.
Ratisb. 1828 ; side lobes of lip broad rounded or subtriangular, midlobe
very small clawed oblong concave, claw lamellate. Blume Bijdr. 377;
Lindl. Gen, & Sp. Orchid. 140; Walp. Ann. vi. 492. A. picta, Lindl. in
Bot. Reg. xxix., Mise, 105. A. Grifüthii, Reichb. f. in Bonpland. ii. 92 ;
Falp. le. A. crispa, Grif. Notul. iii. 333; Ie. Plant. Asiat. t. 318.

Spathoglottis ? trivalvis, Wall. Cat. 3742; Lindl. Gen. & Sp. 120.

M TENASSERIM, Parish, Perak, Scortechini, and StnGavore, Wallich, Ze,
AUACCA, Griffith, Maingay.— DisTRIB. Java, Philippines.- .
6-18 Dobai Í-li in. oblong or ovoid. Leaves 4-6 by 4-1 in., 2-dentate. Scape
in., simple or branched; pedicels 4 in., capillary ; sepals 4-3 in., white with
Purple tip and central broad or narrow band; petals subsimilar; lip white with a
Pole band and lamella, Capsule 1 in., broadly ellipsoid. —It is difficult to reconcile
riffith’s figure with the above description of the lip, but his habitat being that of

Aingay’s plunt (Orchard trees, Malacca) seems to identify it.

2. A. indica Wigh ; li bpanduriform
i ‘ t. Ic. t. 1748 (bad); lip oblong subpan
up rounded, lamellæ opposite the contraction. Walp. Ann. vi. 492.

Assen, Griffith (in Herb. Lindl.), Parish. PgNANG, Maingay.

ve much smaller plant than A. javanica, with more densely tufted pseudobulbs,

d Fil leaves, scapes shorter, more branched, and smaller flowers ; the sepals are
Wight v3 and the very different lip is inserted higher up, just under the column.—
from G who had lost the locality of the species he figured probably receive , it
with TD. In a drawing by Parish the flowers are yellow green faintly blote o
epi purple, Wight’s figure of the lip is quite unlike that of the specimen he
Pieted, which is now in Herb. Kew.

3. A. Ridle ip wi ide lobes and
We yi, Hook. f.; lip with small oblong obtuse side
Vu orbicular or. tranor P blong clawed smooth midlobe, lamellæ
claw

80 CXLVIII. ORCHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Acriopsis.

SINGAPORE ; at Bukit Mandi, Ridley. .

Pseudobulbs broadly ovoid, compressed. Leaves 3-4 in., linear, olive green.
Scape simple (always?); raceme lax-üd.; flowers yellow, sparsely spotted with
crimson ; lip white, lamelle crimson.

72. PODOCHILUS, Blume.

Stems tufted, erect or diffuse. Leaves many, uniform, distichous, flat
or equitant and laterally compressed. Peduncles terminal or leaf-opposed ;
flowers minute, racemed or spieate; bracts persistent. Lateral sepals
adnate with the prolonged foot of the column and together at the base,
forming a mentum. Petals broad or narrow. Lip clawed, jointed to the
foot of the column, mobile (always?) erect, with a basal appendage.
Column very short; rostellum terminal, triangular, erect, bifid or bipar-
tite; anther erect ; pollinia 4, each pair half enclosed in a calyptriform
stipe fixed by a gland to the top of the rostellum. Capsule very small,
ellipsoid.—Species 12 or more, Indian and Malayan.

The flowers of all the species want careful examination on a living state. There
are great differences in the columnar structure and pollinia that cannot be satisfac-
torily determined from dried specimens. These last are almost in all cases deficient
in flowers, which are easily detached, and so minute as to escape the notice of
collectors.

* Leaves equitant, laterally compressed, not articulate with the sheath.
Flowers secund, on inclined or decurved lax-fld. racemes.

1. P. cultratus, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7336; Gen. & Sp. Orchid.
234; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 37; leaves ensiform subfalcate acute, lip
cuneately oblong truncate 5-nerved, base saccate.

TROPICAL HIMALAYA; Nepal, Wallich; Sikkim, J. D. H. Assam, Masters.
Cacnar, Clarke. 'l'ENASSERIM ; the Attran River, Parish.

Stem 3-7 in., with the leaves 4-2 iu. broad. Leaves 1-2 in. many nerved.
Peduncle short, decurved ; bracts ovate-lanceolate ; flowers } in. long ; dorsal gepal
broad, 5-nerved, lateral subacute ; petals broadly obovate, acute, 3-uerved ; mentum
saccate; base of Jip broad. Capsule 4 in.—Vhe lip resembles that of an
Appendicula ; 1 doubt its being articulate and mobile.

2. P. falcatus, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 234: leaves ensiform
obtuse, lip narrowly clawed oblanceolate 3-nerved, base with a short
notched appendage. Thwaites Enum. 306.

CEYLON ; Central Province, alt. 3-6000 ft., common.

Habit of P. cultratus, but stems longer, 6-12 in, Rostellum with an involute
top, round which the capillary tails of the pollinia are curved, gland minute. Im
var, angustata, Thw. (C.P. 3889), the leaves are so closely appressed to one another,

that not even the points are free, and the breadth of the stem across the leaves 18
only à in.

3. P. malabaricus, Wight Ic. t. 1748, fig. 9; leaves obtuse, spike
many-fld. much longer than the leaves, mentum very short, lip linear
lanceolate obtuse contracted in the middle. Walp. Ann. vi. 893.

Maranan, Jerdon; Wynaad jungles, Drew. TRAVANCORE, Johnson. .

Sten 3-5 in., fleshy, X in. across the leaves. L-aves X in, straight. Spike
1-1} in., inclined or horizontal, few-fld.; bracts broadly ovate; flowers white tip
with pink ; petals lanc:olate ; lip constricted in the middle.—I have seen no flowers.
Wighu's expression of lip contracted in the middle probably implied that the
appendage is as large as the blade. Probably not different from P. falcatus.

Podochilus.] CXLVIII. ORCHIDEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 81

4. P. saxatilis, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 235 ; leaves short recurved
obtuse, lip oblanceolate obtuse 3-nerved. Thwaites Enum. 307.

CEYLON ; Hantani and Ambagamowa districts, Macrae, Thwaites. . .

Stems 2-3 in., fleshy. Leaves 1-j in. Peduncle terminal, } in., drooping,
few-fld. ; bracts ovate, smaller than the yellow flowers ; lip red in the middle ; lateral
sepals obtuse; petal obovate-oblong, obtuse ; mentum short.—Description of flowers

from a drawing by Lindley.
** Leaves flat, not equitant or laterally compressed.
T Leaves broad. Scapes lateral.

A P. unciferus, Hook. f. Ie. Plant. ined.; leaves 3-1} by 3-4 in.
oblong, tip rounded, peduncles many very slender flowering at the tips,
ip spathulate, basal appendage long slender uncinately recurved.

PERAK, Scortechini.—Distrris. Borneo, Philippines.

Stem erect, 18-24 in. Leaves y-amplexicaul, shining, tip minutely mucronately
toothed. Peduncle longer than the leaves, erecto-patent, flexuous, with scattered
acicular sheaths ; raceme terminal, capillary, 1-2-fld.; bracts orbicular ; flowers iin.
long; dorsal sepal broad, 3-nerved, lateral acuminate; mentum cylindric; petals
road, acute, 3-nerved ; claw of lip sleuder, jointed on the shortly free foot of the
column ; basal appendage grooved, truncate ; column unarmed.

tt Leaves very small, linear acicular or lanceolate. Scape terminal or
nearly so,

6. P. microphyllus, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7335 A; Gen. & Sp.
Orchid. 234 in part; stems filiform diffuse; leaves 4—4 in. elliptic-lanceo-
late awned, spike as long as the leaves capillary flexuous 3-4-fld., bracts

Most minute, lip ovate oblong or lanceolate 3-nerved, basal appendage
quadrate.

TENASSERIM ; at Mergui, Parish. MALAY PENINSULA, common,— DISTRIB.
orneo, Cambodia,
7 tems 6-8 in., flexuous, rarely branched. eaves articulate on the sheaths,
-9-nerved, Flowers A, in, long, white and purplish; mentum very variable,
Saccate, sometimes constricted at the top and 2-lobed at the base; dorsal sepal ovate,
"Derved, lateral subacute ; petals oblong, obtuse, l-nerved; lip variable, obtuse or
Subacute; basal appendage erect, }—-} the length of the blade, concave or margins
«Volte; rostellum narrow ; anther lanceolate, acute. Capsule 4 in., ellipsoid.—
*cortechini mss. describes hyaline wings of the column, which I have not detected.

lume’ "v t .
ume’s P, similis of Borneo is very near this.

7. P. khasianus, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined.; stems suberect slender,

pes wt? linear acute, spike very short few-fld., bracts as long as the

om ers ovate-lanceolate, lip narrowly oblong emarginate 3-nerved, base

ay a P. microphyllus, Wall. Cat, 7335 B; Lindl. Gen. § Sp. Orchid.
n part; in Journ. Linn. Soe. iii. 97.

Set, ‘allich, KmasiA His: at Amwee, J. DHA T. T. eid. often
twisted 1-6 in., simple, suberect. Leaves articulate on the sheath, rigid,
d. Peduncle shorter than the leaves; bracts rigid, strongly nerved; flowers
8; lateral sepals acute, nerve strong; mentum globose ; petals obovate-
9 tuse, 1-nerved ; claw of lip inserted I think at the base of the column (not
after fi I failed to discover the appendage; column very short, winged, ivi ed
longer tha ing) to the base into two long erect arms concave pos eriorly, mua
very h an the shortly calyptrate pollinia, the stipe of which is very short; Ge
eech Z-cuspidate,—'This differs in every respect of foliage and habit from

micr
ron Ën but especially in the structure of the column. o

82 CXLVIII. OROHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Podochilus.

8. P. lucescens, Blume Bijdr. 295, t. 12; Rumphia iv. 43 (in Obs.);
stem slender erect, leaves 4—4 in. elliptic- or linear-oblong obtuse or apicu
late, spikes elongate many-fld., bracts spreading and incurved, lip obovate
or oblong obtuse, base sagittate. Lindl. Gen. & Sp..Orchid. 234; Reichb.f.
in Bonpland. v. (1857) 41; Ot. Bot. Hamb. 45; in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 146.

TENASSERIM ; at Mergui, Helfer, Parish.—DisrniB. Sumatra, Java, Borneo. |

Stems 4-8 in., rigid. Leaves black when dry, opaque, many-nerved. Spike
4-1 in., flexuous, flowering to the base; bracts de in., strongly nerved; flowers
yp in. diam.

9. P. acicularis, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined.; stems densely tufted
filiform, leaves }-} in. acicular, spike very short 3-4-fld., lip broadly
oblong or obovate 3-nerved, base cordate with an incurved horn on
each side.

PenanG, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1653/2). PERAK, Scortechini, Ze,

Stems 6-8 in., flexuous, diffuse. Leaves suberect, finely acuminate. Flowers
jg in. long, white; bracts very minute; sepals obtuse or acute; petals linear, obtuse,
l-nerved ; mentum short, rounded, sometimes globose and 2-lobed; columnar arms
ensiform, obliquely truncate, tips at first cohering with the bidentate tip of the
rostellum, and carrying away the pollinia; anther ovate-cordate, at length 2-fid;
each pair of pollinia half enclosed in a calyptriform caudicle which is attached by 3
slender stipe to a linear gland.—Very near a Bornean species, with a cuneate
5-nerved lip truncate at the base, and shorter columnar wings.

73. APPENDICULA, Blume.

Stems tufted, leafy, often compressed. Leaves numerous, distichous,
uniform, vertical, jointed on their sheaths. Peduncles terminal and leaf-
opposed; flowers minute, racemed spicate or capitate ; bracts persistent.
Sepals connivent, lateral connate at the base aud adnate to the produce
foot of the column, forming a mentum. Petals various. Lip erect, ™
serted on the foot of the column or with its sides adnate to it. Column
very short, rostellum erect 2-fid.; anther dorsal, erect; pollinia 8, 4 often
imperfect, clavate, attached in fours to the tip of the rostellum by a pom t
or gland. Cupsule very small.—Species 20 or more, Tropical Asiatic,
Australian, and Polynesian.

* Lip adnate below by a broad saccate claw to the sides and face of
the foot of the column.

T Limb of lip with a large callus on the disk.

l. £. bifaria, Lindl. in Hook. Kew Journ, vii. (1855), 35; leaves
1-1} by } in. oblong obtusely 2-toothed, racemes chiefly terminal very
short, mentum saccate rounded, lip ovate-oblong base calceolar, sides 9
column produced into ensiform processes as long as the rostellam
Benth. Fl. Hongk. 3583; Walp. Rep. vi. 893. A. reduplicata, Reichd. f.
Dt, Bot. Hamb. 45.

CACHAR, Keenan. TENASSERIM, Helfer. SINGAPORE, Ridley.—DistR1s. Chin?
Borneo ?

Stem 10-24 in., simple. Leaves often apiculate between the obtuse apical teeth.
Racemes terminal, rarely lateral or leaf-opposed, 6—8-fld.; bracts reflexed, oblongi
flowers about 4 in. long; sepals obtuse; petals obovate-oblong, 3-nerved; lip
ceolar at the base, that is having a horse-shoe membrane within the bo git
slightly constricted beyond the middle, callus on its disk globose or oblong, entire?

Appendicula.] CXLVIII. ORCHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 83

arms of column obliquely truncate or 2-lobed. Capsule 4 in. long, turgidly ellip-
soid.—Lindley in describing the Chinese plant assumed it to be the Dendrobium
bifarium of Wall. Cat. 2002, which consists of two very distinct Penang plants, a
Dendrobium (D. bifarium, Lindl., see v. V. p. 732) and an Appendicula in fruit only,
very like indeed the Chinese plant, but differing in the numerous lateral racemes,
Specimens from Perak in flower exactly accord in foliage with Wallich’s Penang in
having many racemes, but differ in having a more 3-lobed lip, a broader margin to
the base of the lip, and a 2-lobed callus. Assuming that the Perak and Wallich’s
Penang plant are the same, they may be either a different species from bifaria, or a
Variety. For the present it is safer to assume the latter and to call it :—

Var. ? Wallichiana ; racemes numerous lateral, lip with a broad rounded base
Surrounding the calceolar membrane, callus of disk 2-lobed in front. Dendrobium
bifarium, Lindl, im Wall. Cat. 2002, in part.—Penang, Wallich. Perak,
Scortechini.

tt Lip without a median callus on the disk. )

2. A. callosa, Blume Bijdr. 303 ; leaves 3-1 by } in. oblong strongly
2-fid., ‘sheaths 2-cuspidate, flowers in terminal bracteate heads, lip very
shortly ovate with a large transverse basal appendage. Lindl. Gen. A Sp.
Orchid, 230 ; Griff. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 362, t. 62; Saunders
Refug. Bot. t. 45; Reichb. f. Otia Bot. Hamb.45. A. stipulata, Griff. Notul.
m. 398; Ie. Plant. Asiat. t. 335, f. 9.

TENAssERIM, Griffith, Parish, PENANG, Walker, &c. PERAK, Scortechini, &c.
—Disrrip, Java, Borneo, l

Stem 6-18 in., simple. Leaves close together, coriaceous, base truncate, tip not
contracted. Heads of flowers sessile; bracts lanceolate, scarious, obtuse, many-
ved ; flowers } in. long, erect, cream-cold.; mentum saccate ; petals linear, obtuse;
pe of lip as long as the foot of the column and adnate to it throughout its length ;
imb broadly ovate, narrower than the appendage, which has divergent lobes and is
tubercled in the sinus ; column with short truncate wings.—The leaves are often
Curiously pitted.

-8 A. Lewisii, Grif. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. iv. 378, t. 19;
otul. iii. 360; Te. Plant. Asiat. t. 337; leaves 1-3 by i-i in. linear- or
oblong-lanceolate 2-dentate, racemes very short leaf-opposed, mentum
Subglobose, lip ovate many-nerved, base caleeolar. Walp. Ann. vi. 899.
` yathifera, Reichb. f. mss. Metachilum cyathiferum, Lindl, in Walt.
Cat. 2092; Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 74. Dendrobium vaginatum, Wa. mss.
8 Pevana, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1616). Curtis, PERAK, Scortechini, Wray.
INGAPORE, Wallich.
Stem 6-18 in., unbranched, flattened, 4 in. broad, Leaves rather distant and

membranous ; sheaths 1 in. long. Racemes axillary and terminal, 1-11 in., many-
sep, Acts small, ovate-lanceolate, reflexed ; flowers about $ in. long, rei
Acute; petals elliptic, 1-nerved; claw of lip adnate throughout its leng

te foot of the column ; column without arms. Capsule } in., subcylindric.

cole, Lip attached by a short free claw to the apex only of the foot of the
umn,

4. A. cordat ined. ; 1 by iin. oblong
A. a, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined.; leaves yi
Lech bidentate, spikes vy short incurved few-fld., mentum obscure,
ridge t column very short, lip ovate-cordate 3-nerved with a semilunar
towards the base.

PERAK, Scortechini,
m (of the only specimen) 7 in., unbranched. Leaves rather membranous,

ed

84 CXLVIII. oROHIDEX. (J.D. Hooker. ` [Appendicula.

apiculate between the teeth, sheaths}—} in. Spikes z in., 3-4-fld.; bracts sheathing
the rachis, erect during flowering, then reflexed, strongly nerved ; flowers about
A. im. long, dotted; sepals ovate, obtuse, l-nerved, base of lateral gibbous;
petals large, obovate, l-nerved; column unarmed ; rostellum very large, ovate.—
The curious incurved spikes aud spreading nearly symmetrical lateral sepals,
and short foot of the column, are all unlike other species of the genus, The solitary `
specimen may not represent the plant fairly.

5. A. Koonigii, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined.; leaves $ by im. oblong-
lanceolate obtuse and minutely obtusely 2-fid., racemes minute leaf-
opposed 2-3 fld., flowers most minute, mentum globose, lip ovate or oblong
5-nerved base calceolar. Epidendrum hexandrum, Kænig in Retz Obs.
vi. 45.

INDIA, Herb. Rottler (1779). .

U^ Stem densely tufted, 4-6 in., very slender. Leaves close set, membranous, base
rounded; sheaths } in. Racemes }—} in., decurved; rachis slender, flexuous;
bracts lanceolate, reflexed after flowering; flowers 414 in. long; sepals ovate, acute,
and elliptic petals 1-nerved ; lip saccate at the base; column unarmed.—Of this very
distinct species I have seen only one specimen in Rottler’s Herbarium, now at Kew.
In its slender tufted habit (upwards of twenty stems on a tuft) and minute racemes
and flowers it is like no other; no locality is attached, to the specimen or to Konig’ ‘
description, and as Botter received (through Heyne) plants of both Indian Penim-
sulas, none can be assumed.

6. A. torta, Blume Bijdr. 303 ; leaves } by iin. oblong tip rounded
emarginate, bracts of terminal sessile spike as long as the leaves densely
equitantly imbricate acute falcately recurved complicate and enclosing the
solitary flowers, mentum cylindric, lip narrowly panduriform twiste’
margins incurved waved, narrow base calceolar suddenly dilated into 4
broad transversely oblong retuse serrulate concave terminal lobe. Zi
Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 230; Reichb. f. Xen. Orchid, ii. 117, t. 138.

PERAK, Scortechini.—Vi1sTRIB. Java, Borneo.

Stem 6-18 in., simple or branched, compressed, } in. broad. Leaves close «sets
shining, thin, base rounded ; sheaths 4—4 in. Bracts of spike membranous, forming
terminal flattened coloured-erest as broad as the rest of the branch, and coterminous
with it; flowers 2 in. long, quite sessile; lateral sepals erect, aristately acuminate,
midrib very stout; petals oblong-lanceolate, strongly 3-nerved ; column unarme4,
rostellum slender, deeply 2-fid.— Blume's description is very meagre, but I canno

doubt belongs to this plant, of which there is an unnamed specimen in Herb. Kew
collected in Borneo by Lobb.

7. A. xytriophora, Reichb. f. in Seem. Fl. Viti 299; leaves 2-14 b
1—l in. oblong- or elliptic-lanceolate obtuse apiculate, raceme elongate
terminal slender laxly many-fld., mentum broad incurved, lip obovate Su
truncate 5-nerved base narrowed calceolar.

PERAK, Scortechini.— Disrris. Philippine Islands,

Stem 12-18 in., simple, compressed. Leaves rather close-set, membranous ; bas
j-amplexieaul. Racemes 2-5 in., suberect ; bracts oblong-lanceolate, membranous,
obtuse, 5-nerved; flowers 4 in. long; sepals greenish tips purple; petals elliptió
obtuse, 3-nerved ; lip concave, yellow and purple; column unarmed; anther sho"
Capsule X in., slender, .

1.1

8. A. lancifolia, Hook. f. Ic. Plaut. ined. ; tall, leaves 3—4 by Gi
lanceolate obtuse 2-dentate, racemes elongate simple or branched sto"
many- and dense-fld., mentum cylindric, lip obovate-oblong 3-lobed, 510?
lobes small rounded, midlobe broadly ovate acute, base narrowly calceola

Appendicula.] CXLVIII. ORCHIDEX, (J. D. Hooker.) 85

PERAK ; on Gunong Batu Pateh, alt. 3-4000 ft., on rocks, King's Collector.

_ Stem 12-24 in., stout,,terete. Leaves rather thin, base semi-amplexicaul ; sheaths
tin. Racemes 3-6 in., terminal and leaf-opposed, sessile or peduncled, erect; rachis
stout; bracts 1 in., oblong, obtuse, coriaceous, recurved, strongly nerved ; flowers
s in. long, bright yellow with a red centre; lateral sepals recurved, acute; petals
obovate-oblong, 3-nerved; column unarmed; anther as broad as long. Capsule
iin, fusiform, strongly ribbed, claret-coloured.— Very like A. cristata, Blume, of Java,
but the limb of the lip is not * rounded emarginate and crested on either side."

9. A. Maingayi, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined. ; leaves 2-3 by 1—X in. linear-

lanceolate tip dilated apiculate, racemes terminal many and dense-fld.,

tacts spreading and incurved, mentum sub-cylindric or shorter, lip elliptic-
or ovate-oblong 5-nerved, base calceolar, tip rounded.

PERAK, Scortechini. PENANG, Maingay, (Kew Distrib. 1617).

Stems 6-16 in., rather slender or stout, unbranched. eaves suberect, narrowed at
e base, tip minutely 2-fid or rounded. Racemes 1-2 in., simple or branched
at the base, suberect, flexuous; bracts 35-1 in. deflexed, then incurved, coriaceous,
subacute, S-ribbed ; flowers 51, in. long; lateral sepals broad, obtuse, nerve slender;
petals linear- or obovate-oblong, 3-nerved ; lip concave; column unarmed, rostellum
short, triangular; anther ovate, acuminate. Capsule 1 in., fusiform.—The Perak
"Decimens are more slender than the Penang, the mentum is longer and more
cylindric, the petals narrower, l.nerved. The species should be compared with

` graminifolia, 'Teysm. and Binnend.

IMPERFECTLY KNOWN SPECIES. .

10. A. echinocarpa, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined. ; leaves $-j in. close
Ka orbicular-oblong coriaceous margin thickened upper base reflexed, spike
A ort terminal few-fld., bracts orbicular concave, capsule ellipsoid, valves

*nsely clothed with soft bristles.

PERAK ; lower camp in Gunong Batu Pateh, alt. 3400 ft., Wray. l

Stem 4-6 in., slender but rigid; internode }in. Leaves semi-amplexicaul, pale,
Opaque, rather waved ; tip rounded, obscurely 2-fid. with incumbent teeth ; upper base
qoid reflexed, like an ear. Capsule i in. long, turgid.—A very remarkable

A. LONGIFOLIA Blume Bijdr. 304; Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 230? Thwaites
keng 806. CEYLON, Ambagamowa district, rare, ds hwaites (C.P. 3208). of ihe
sa nt thus doubtfully referred by Thwaites to the Javan A. longifolia, this author

Ys that the flowers are mot in a sufficiently perfect state for analysis. Blume thus
ribes longifolia, ** Stems simple compressed, leaves linear-lanceolate retuse,
Can th, densely capitate.” Thwaites adds, “‘ leaves 3-5 by 4 in., retuse, mucronate.
he Ceylon plant be an Agrostophyllum or Phreatia ?
R A, TERES, Grif. Notul. iii. 359; Ic. Plant. Asiat. t. 332, is Ceratostylis teres,
+t. See y, v.p 825.

A. sr, Griff. Ni z ; " 5 1 lvsis only, from

"EL - Notul. 359; Ic. Plant, Asiat. 335 fig. , analy »
Afighanistan, cannot (as Lindley in Hook, Kew Journ. vii. 36 observes) be an
Ppendicula,

74. THELASIS, Blume.

86 otemt, ORCHIDER. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Thelasis.

base of the column, erect, ovate or oblong. Column very short, sessile,
foot 0; rostellum terminal, large, erect; anther elongate, dorsal, erect, base
2-4 celled ; pollinia very minute, globose, attached by long threads to the
tip of the rostellum, gland small. Capsule very small, turgidly ovoid.
— Species about 10, tropical Asiatic and Pacific.

Iam not wellsatisfied as to the character of lateral sepals in this genus, as to
their being winged or not; the sepals are very soft, and their exact structure not very
clear in specimens that have been dried, and again moistened.

Sect. I. EuTHELAsts. Pseudobulbs 1-2-leaved.
* Lateral sepals distinctly strongly keeled or winged.

1. T. pygemeea, Lindl. in Journ. Linn, Soc. ii. 63; scape 1-2 in.
longer than the solitary linear leaf, spike very short lax-fid., lip ovate
acute contracted towards the tip. Par. § Reichb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc.
xxx. 145; Walp. Ann. vi. 923; Euproboscis pygmæa Griff. in Cale. Journ.
Nat. Hist. v. 371, t. 72; Wight Ic. t. 1732.

Nepat (Cult. in.Hort. Bot. Calc. fid. Griffith.) MALABAR, Jerdan. TENASSERIM,
at Moulmein, Parish.

Pseudobulbs 3-2 in. diam. Scape very slender, curved ; spikes 4—} in. long ; bracts
ovate, acuminate; flowers 51, in. long; dorsal sepal ovate-lanceolate acute, lateral
linear-oblong; lip 3-nerved, with rounded sides from the middle to the base ; rostellum
2-fid.—The Malabar plant seems the same as the Tenasserim, but is in a Peloria
state, triandrous, with the petals and lip similar, ovate-lanceolate, l-nerved ; ovary
with imperfect ovules.

Var. multiflora; leaf larger 3-4 by 3 in., scape stouter 4-5 in., spike 14-2 in.
—Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 1000 ft., Treutler.

2. T. ? capitata, Blume Bijdr. 386; scape 4-6 in. stout longer
than the solitary linear leaf, spike cylindric dense-fld., rachis pitted, lip
oblong-ovate obtuse.

PERAK, Scortechini,.—D1sTRIB. Sumatra, Java.

Pseudobulbs small, oblong, on a stout creeping rhizome. Leaf 3-4 in., obtuse or
subacute. Spike 1 in.; bracts very close set, ovate, acute, recurved; flowers Ae ™
long ; dorsal sepal ovate-lanceolate, lateral oblong concave thickly keeled or shortly
winged; petals lanceolate, acuminate; rostellum elongate, subulate, entire.—
Differs from the Sumatran capitata in the long spike, acuminate petals and entire

rostellum. It more resembles the raceme of P. triptera, R.f. of Manilla, which has an
ovate lip narrowed to the apex. `

3. T. elongata, Blume Orchid. Archip. Ind. 23, t. 7, f. 9, and t. 5, fig
C; scape 4-6 in. longer or shorter than the solitary linear leaf, spike
cylindric dense-fld., lip ovate acute or acuminate.

SINGAFORE ; at Johore, &c., Ridley. LANGKAWI, Curtis.

Pseudobulb very various in form. Leaves and spike as in T. capitata, from
which it differs in the form of the lip. Blume’s figure is a very bad one, and does not
show the strong keels on the lateral sepals and angles of the ovary.— The species 0

this section are very difficult of discrimination in a dried state, and possibly capitata,
elongata, triptera aud others are all forms of one.

** Lateral sepals not strongly keeled or winged.
e .
4. T. bifolia, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined.; scape 8 in. much longer than

the two opposite elliptic-lanceolate acuminate leaves, spike very lax-fld.,
lip broadly elliptic obtuse.

Thelasie. | OXLVII. ORCHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 8T

Knasta Mrs., Lobb. . .

Pseudobulb 3 in. diam. — Leaves 34 by 1} in., spreading, base contracted.
Spike 2 in.; bracts broadly ovate, obtuse ; flowers } in. long ; sepals broa ' biddle |
petals obovate-oblong, l-nerved; lip obscurely 5-nerved, broadest in the r j
rostellum very long, acuminate, entire.

] ; i ike 3-5 in.
5. T. khasiana, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined.; scape with spi
about equalling the solitary petioled linear leaf, spike elongate laz-fd, tip
elliptic-ovate subacute. T. pygmæa, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii.
part).

Kuasa Mrs., alt. 3-4000 ft., Lobb, J. D. H. Ẹ T. T. DW ik
Pseudobulbs 3-in., depressed-globose. Leaves 2-4 by $-i in. Scape and spike
rather stout ; bracts ovate-lanceolate ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, obtuse dp m d onte.
obtuse; lip 3-nerved, broadest rather nearer the base than tip; rosto um are 'on the
—Very like T, pygmea, but a much larger plant, without keel or wing
Sepals,

a, t with the
6. T. longifolia, Hook. . Ic. Plant. ined.; scape stou .

ke 6-9 in. about equalling The solitary leaf, spike elongate lax-fld., lip
e'iptic-ovate acute.

Knmasià Mrs. J. D. H, T. T. i i
iffers from T. ihastang in being very much larger, and p "un P
Pseudobuld 1-1i in. diam., depressed-globose. Leaf sometimes faleste, $-1j
Toad; flowers $ in. long.

; hort
Sect. II. OxvANTHERA Brongn. (Gen.. Pseudobulb 0; stem short,
clothed with the equitant sheaths of the linear leaves which are jointed
at the sheath, (Oxyanthera is a very natural group).

7. T. elata, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined. ; leaves 10-14 by 1-1} im. tip

i d
wae Scape equalling or exceeding the leaves, raceme long slender

Frais, on deca ed wood, King’s Collector. . .
, Rootstock as thick as the little finger. Leaves few, sheaths 2-23 by 4 Wé long
Picate, coriaceous, Scape very slender, flexuous; sheaths y Wi "Bowers
mem ranous, lanceolate ; bracts ovate, acuminate, spreading and ref exe M Ge
, 0., Darrow, shortly pedicelled ; sepals linear-oblong, acute, l-nerved, venation te
unet ; Petals lanceolate, acute ; lip erect, claw short broad, limb linear tite, sex.
argins waved, base broadly 2-auricled, auricles revolute; rostellum "ct TUA
ee obtuse ; pollinia 8, shortly obovoid.—Near T. carinata, Bl. (of whic

onder, raceme
me no flowers), but the leaves are very much longer, the scape very slender, r
ger, and bracts acuminate,

8. T. decurva, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined. ; leaves 4-6 MN re
T rounded and obtusely notched or subacute, scape very slenc er, raceme
very short decurved, bracts reflexed, lip dagger-shaped from 2 cone
innate base terete and fleshy beyond the middle with the crisped marg

ered and close to the mesial line.

SINGAPORE; at Krangi, Ridley. PrNANG, or Government Hill, Maingay.

e x veaths

1-9 hoes 3-4 in. broad, Scape shorter than the leaves, filiform, flexuons, P

> raceme $ in.; pedicels } in., longer than the oblong oe oblong

obtus ong, Pale fawn colour; sepals ovate-lanceolate acute an narrow y Brong.

which viele l-nerved.—This much resembles the figure of O. mien into a broad

Short > figured as having a stout broadly ovate obtuse lip narrowe Wat the tip,
others AIS, base Concave, The leaves of some specimens are narro

Ave 2 rounded lobes.

88 CXLVIII. ORCHIDER. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Thelasis.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.

T. carinata, Reichb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 137; ? of Blume Bijdr. 385 &
Lindl. Gen, & Sp. Orchid. 253, In the absence of flowers it is impossible to say
what species this may be; it differs greatly from the figure of Blume's T. carinata
(from Java) in its small size, slender scape, short decurved raceme, and bracts, in all
which, as in foliage, it closely resembles 7’. decurva, and is nearer to the Moluccan
O. micrantha, Brong. (in Duperrey Voy. Bot. 198, t. 37 B.) than to T. carinata,

Tribe III. NEOTTIEIE. (See vol. v., p. 668.)
75. GALEOLA, Lour.

Leafless, rarely leafy, yellow or brown, climbing or erect herbs; stem or
branches terminating in loosely panicled often drooping racemes or
panicles; flowers rather large. Sepals subequal, concave, connivent or
spreading. Petals as long, narrower or broader. Lip sessile at the base of
and loosely embracing the column by its base, short, broad, concave ; lateral
lobes short or 0; midlobe broad. Column short or long, incurved, top
dilated membranous; anther 2-celled; pollinia hippocrepiform, powdery
or subwaxy. Capsule usually 2-4 valved, without septa; seeds winged or
not.—Species 8 or 9, Indian, Malayan and Australian.

* Stem simple, erect.

1. G. Lindleyana, Reichb.f. Xen. Orchid. ii. 78; tall, very robust,
sepals broadly ovate-oblong strongly ribbed dorsally, anther recurved
clothed with long papilla. Cyrtosia Lindleyana, Hook. f. & Thoms. in Ill.

a imal. Plant, t. 22. Erythorchis Lindleyana, Reichb. f. in Bonpland, v.

Stxxrm HIMALAYA, alt. 4-7000 ft., J. D. H., Ze ?PKHASIA Hints, alt. 4000 ft.,
J. D. H. y T. T. Naga Hints, Broin.

Rootstock elongate, very stout, 1-1} in. diam., tortuous, dark pink; roots very
stout simple fibres. Stem 2-3 ft., glabrous, with short 3-amplexicaul obtuse sheaths
below, brown purple. Panicle loosely branched, branches horizontal, and yellow flowers
furfuraceously tomentose; bracts small; perianth subglobose, 1 in. diam.; petals
broadly ovate, tip obtuse, crenate ; lip nearly hemispheric, margins and short ex-
panded rounded limb erosely fimbriate, glabrous without, almost bearded within.

Capsule 5-6 by $ in., fusiform, subacute, obtusely trigonous, red-brown, tardily
dehiscing.

2. G. Falconeri, Hook. f.; tall, very robust, sepals broadly ovate
dorsally nearly smooth, anther glabrous. Pogochilus, Fale, in Hook.
Journ. Bot, iv. (1842), 73.

SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA; from Garwhal, Falconer, to Sikkim, Thomson, &c.

Habit and stature of G. Lindleyana, but differing in the larger flowers and the cha-
racters given above. The rootstock is sometimes as thick as the wrist. Possibly only

a form of Lindleyana, but recognized as distinct by all collectors in Sikkim. I did
not Dud it myself,

3. G. javanica, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii. 590; dwarf, stem very
stout glabrous below furfuraceous above, sepals oblong membranous,

anther subhemispheric. Cyrtosia javanica, Blume Bijdr. 396, t. 6;

Rumph. i. 199, t. 69; Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 438; ReicAb. f. Xen.
Orchid, ii. 76, t. 120.

Assam, Masters (Ic. in Hort. Caleutt.).—DisTRIB. Java.

-

Galeola.] CXLVIII. OROHIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 89

Stem a span high from branching tubers. Flowers 2 in. diam,— Thejdentification
of the Assam drawing with Blume's figure and description is necessarily imperfect ;
but as far as it goes there is no reason to suppose that these represent two species.

A 2 G. pusilla, Hook. f.; stem flexuous from a woody nodose root-
stock, with several short tubular basal sheaths and two open ones higher
up 3-fld., bracts lanceolate equalling the ovary, sepals broadly ovate-oblong
subacute, petals as large obtuse, lip orbicular concave retuse with a very

amall obtuse apical lobe in the sinus, disk papillose with 3 central low
ndges.

Prev; on the Pookee ridges, Kurz (in Herb. Calcutt.). .

. Whole plant 5 in. high, white; rootstock tortuous, woody, as thick as a sparrow's
QU, with woody roots as thick as the stock. Stem slender, basal sheaths i In.,
truncate, funnel-shaped ; bracts } in. long, membranous ; flowers about 2 in. diam. ;
“pals and petals 5-7-nerved; lip with a brown lunate band, apical lobe recurved ;
column long, semiterete ; anther erect, oblong, 2-celled; pollinia hypocrepiform ? ;
gma below the clinandrium in front.—I have seen but one specimen of this curious

e plant, as to the genus of which I am doubtful.

** Stem branched, scandent.

5, G. altissima, Reichb. f. Xen. Orchid. ii. 77 ; quite glabrous, stem
AT Slender, spikes very many-flowered, sepals and petals linear-oblong,
lip with a broad flesh y ridge and a 2-lobed woolly mass on thedisk. Cyrtosia
altisima, Blume Bijdr. 306; Rumph. i. t. 70; Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid.
6. Erythorchis altissima, Blume Rumph. i. 200; Lindl. l. c. 438, in part.
€matorchis altissima, Blume l. e. iv. t. 200 B.

PENANG, Curtis, PERAK, Scortechini.—DisTRIB. Malay Islands.
ind ot of fleshy thick fibres. Stem 50-120 ft., excessively branched, flexuous, fleshy
ow ard, reddish, branches slender, internodes swollen ; spikes 6-10 in., pendu ous;
wend 3 m. long ; Sepals obtuse, 5-nerved, and narrower 3-nerved peta smi h
i ed tips ; lip eymbiform, tip rounded erosely waved, disk with a median e

Y puberulous disk reaching to the middle, beyond which is a 2-lobed woolly
lupe sides of lip thin, transversely barred with purple, with slender nerves and
e — hairs ; column rather long ; anther mitriform. Capsule linear, 3-10 in.

8 acuminate, valves membranous.

later "Hydra, Reichb. f. Xen. Orchid. ii. 77 ; furfuraceously puberulous,
oral Sepals obliquely ovate, dorsal oblong, petals elliptic, lip eymbiform
the Sege within and with a compressed erect grooved callus towar ls
Vani, - altissima?, Reichb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 185.
Yo illa pterosperma, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7402. ? V. rubiginosa, Griff.
Part (, DL 247. Erythorchis altissima, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 438, in
. (not of Blume)
Par ED HIMALAYA ; in the Rishap Valley, Wing. TENASSERIM ; at Moulmein,
Diui, J SANG, Curtis. PERAK, SINGAPORE, and Maracca, Wallich, &e.—
* Yava, Sumatra. l ,
loose} lofty climber ; branches much stouter than in G. altissima; inflorescence
ip with ranched ; flowers much larger, 3 in. diam., sepals and petals broader, an
Her} out the flat ridge and tuft of wool.—Blume’s specimens ot G. altissima in
e “W Consists of fruit of that plant and flowering branches of this.
de Catheartii, Hook.f, branches ver robust, sepals and petals
ie, Do li b Ji dulate and
ciliate, gig revolute, lip cymbiform acute, margins everted undu
disk naked,

» M18

1
Fr HIMALAYA Cle. Cathcart).

90 CXLVIII. oROHIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Galeola.

Mr. Cathcart’s drawing represents a portion of a stem as thick as the little
finger, bearirfg a branched panicle a foot long, which, as well as the flowers, is dull
yellow and furfuraceous; the flowers are 1-1} in. diam., the lip not nearly as concave
as in G. Hydra, yellow with red veins.—A remarkable plant, very unlike its con-
geners, but the drawing of the habit, column, anther, and pollen leave no doubt as
to its genus.

76. VANILLA, Swartz.

Climbing, rooting, branched, leafy or leafless shrubs; stems terete or
angled. Leaves subsessile, coriaceous or fleshy. Peduneles short, axillary ;
flowerslarge. Sepals and petals subequal, spreading. Lip with the claw
adnate to the column, which is embraced by its broad concave limb.
Column elongate; anther incumbent, cells separate; pollen granular.
Capsule long, fleshy, 1-celled, loculicidally 3-valved, without septa.—
Species about 20, tropical.

The Indian species of this genus are most scantily represented in Herbaria, and
imperfectly by drawings or descriptions.

* Stem leafless,

l. V. Walkeriee, Wight Ic. t. 932; stem very stout, flowers 2 in.
long, sepals oblanceolate, petals broader spathulately obovate acute margins
undulate, epichile of lip ovate acute margins undulate, disk with two
ridges below the middle. Thwaites Enum. 311.

TRAVANCORE and TrEvANDRUM, Wight. CEYLON, Walker.
Stem as thick as the thumb. Racemes 5-6 in., many-fld. ; flowers white ; bracts
ovate.

2. V. Wightiana, Lindl. in Wight Cat. 2091; flowers 1 in. long,
sepals linear-oblong, petals lanceolate, epichile of lip ovate, its disk fringed
with long hairs. V.aphylla, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 436, in part (not
of Blume).

The DECCAN PENINSULA, Wight.

The specimens are very imperfect, and the description of the flowers is taken from

a rude sketch by Lindley. The flowers are not half the size of those of
V. Walkerie.

3. V. Parishii, Heichb. f. Otia Bot. Hamb. 39; flowers 1-1} in. long,
sepals linear-oblong, tips dilated cuspidate, petals broadly oblanceolate
acuminate, lip trumpet-shaped, epichile small ovate or rounded crispe
with a thick belt of long hairs down the centre and a dense brush at the
base, side lobes with long scattered hairs within.

TENASSERIM, Parish.

This may prove the same as V. Wightiana, Lindl. It is very near the Javanese
V. aphylla, Blume.

** Stem leafy.

4. V. Moonii, Thwaites Enum. 312; leaves elliptic- or linear-oblong
often falcate obtusely acuminate, lip with a broad crenulate undulate
apex, a thick pencil of excessively fine hairs on the disk, and beyond it
towards the apex some loose flexuous bristles.

Leaves 5-7 in., many-nerved, subsessile. Spikes 1-3 in., very stout, many-fid. ;
bracts ovate, 1 in., obtuse; sepals about 1 in. long; pencil of hairs on the disk
terminating below in a stout stipe, hairs of equal length forming a truncate brush.

Vanilla.) CXLVIII. OROHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 91

5. V. albida, Blume Bijdr. 422, t. 34; Rumph. i. 197, t. 67 ; leaves
ovate lanceolate elliptic or oblong cuspidate or acuminate, lip oblong sub-
panduriform margins undulate and serrate, disk of hypochile with a large
globose woolly ball, epichile retuse or 2-lobed strongly echinately
Gruncled. Lind. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 435. V. Griffithii, Reichb. f. in
Bonpland. ii. (1854), 88. Vanilla, sp. Griff. Notul. iii. 207; Ic. Plant.
Asiat. t. 281. Vanilla, Wall. Cat. 7401.

PENANG, Wallich, Curtis. PERAK, SINGAPORE, and MALACCA, Grifüth, &c.—

ISTRIB. Java.

Climbing to 50 ft. Leaves very variable, 3-7 by LA in., sessile or shortly
petioled, Spikes 2-3 in. very many- and dense-fld.; bracts } in., oblong; flowers
waxy white ; sepals 2 in. long, concave, obovate, obtuse, very thick ; petals as long,
but thinner and many-nerved, with a thick dorsal grooved keel that abruptly ends

ow the apex; column rather long; anther appressed to the woolly ball of the lip.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.

V. APHYLLA, Blume?, ex Wight Ic. t. 931; leafless, stem angular, peduncle
elongate as thick as a swan’s quill, racemes 3-4 in. very stout many-fid., bracts ovate
acute, pedicel with ovary 2 in., sepals as long oblanceolate-oblong acute, petals
very much broader obovate acute margins crenulate, hypochile of lip with rounded
angles and two rows of bristles on the disk, epichile ovate acuminate crisped naked.
A Tavancore, near Trevandrum, Wight—From Wight’s remarks under it I suspect

s * a most rude representation of Lindley's V. Wightiana; if so, the

wrens Are greatly exaggerated, and the hairs of the epichile are transferred to the
e.

77. CORYMBIS, Thouars.

D ei terrestrial, rigid, leafy herbs, roots fibrous. Leaves broad, plaited.
overs in short axillary stiff sessile spreading panicles. Sepals and petals
Y narrow, linear, at first cohering in a tube with spreading tips, per-
3 nl. Lip erect from the base of the column, linear, channelled, tip
ti he and recurved. Column usually as long as the petals, erect, terete,
eM avate and 2-lobed or -auricled; rostellum at length 2-fid.; stigma
i » transverse, saccate; anther narrow, erect, acuminate, 2-celled ; pollinia
Tate, attached by a subulate caudicle to a peltate gland. Capsule linear
usi orm.— Species 6—7, tropical.

€. veratrifolia, Blume Orchid. Archip. Ind. 125, t. 42 E, 43 £.1
(orymborehig) ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate caudate-acuminate, flowers 1-11
lancea sepals and petals subsimilar narrowly oblanceolate, blade of lip
acuminate, ribs of capsule smooth. C. disticha, Lindl. Fol.
(in part). Macrostylis disticha, Breda Gen. 4 Sp. Orchid.
Lind], Qj. ^ Hysteria veratrifolia, Reinw. in Bot. Zeit. 1525, i
t 78 Cn. § Sp. Orchid, 439. Rhyncanthera paniculata, Blume yar.
£24 Orymborchis assamica, Blume Orchid. Archip. Ind. 126, t. 43,

ve
8i

Zem H i i i ifith, Jenkins..

C IMALAYA; in tropical ravines, J. D. H. Assam, Griffith, Jenkins.
mnt ONG, J. D. m d T. Pr ANDAMAN IsranDs, King's Collector. Maray
Cerion. o Maingay, Ze, MALABAR ; the Nilghiri Hills and Courtallam, Wight.
Stem 4 atturatte, Moon.—DISTRIB. Java, Sumatra, Borneo. ` d the
sheaths high, as thick as a swan's quill, Leaves 12-18 in., sessile on re
+t in, ves very many^and strong. Panicles 4-6 in. long and broad; brac s
Blume $ Svate-lanceo]ate ; flowers greenish white; column long. Capsule, in Ie.
one oder ` Die Tam not sure that the plants from the above localities are all of
= The Sikkim and Assam ones are in a young state only ; the Perak and

92 CXLVIII. ORCHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Corymbis.

Nilghiri in flower only. The ripe fruit of the Andaman species is 1 in. long. The
Ceylon one has much shorter points to the leaves, but the fruit is as large as in
Blume’s figure. Blume distinguishes C. assamica by the column being as long as the
capsule; which they are in typical veratrifolia.

2. C. longiflora, Hook. f.; leaves elliptic-lanceolate acuminate,
flowers 11-2 in. long, sepals very slender with very narrow blades, petals
oblanceolate, blade of lip orbicular cuspidate.

Perak, Scortechini, King’s Collector. Matacca, Maingay (Kew Distrib.
1661).

Stem 8-10 ft. high, as thick as the little finger; leaves much broader than in
C. veratrifolia, and flowers twice as large, white. Column long. Fruit not seen.

3. C. rhytidocarpa, Hook. f.; leaves lanceolate acuminate, flowers
1 in. long, sepals narrowly oblanceolate, petals oblanceolate crenate, blade
of lip triangular-ovate acuminate, ribs of fruit strong wrinkled.

PERAK, Scortechini, King’s Collector, Wray.

Stem 4 ft. high and leaves as in C. veratrifolia, from which the broader petals,
form of the lip, and deeply ridged fruit 1-1} in. long with wrinkled ribs
distinguish it. Column long.

4. C. brevistylis, Hook. f.; leaves 5-6 in. elliptic acuminate sub-
petioled, column 4 in. long.

PERAK ; on limestone rocks, King’s Collector.

Stem 1-2 ft., slender. Leaves 7-nerved, 2-3 in. broad. Panicles few-fld. Young
fruit 1 in. long.—A very distinct species, probably the same as an undescribed Javan
one,

78. TROPIDIA, Lindl.

Terrestrial, glabrous, leafy herbs. Stem often branched, roots rigid.
Leaves sessile, membranous, subplicate; petiole sheathing. Flowers small,
in axillary and terminal sessile or peduncled spikes; bracts coriaceous,
often imbricate, strongly nerved. Sepals connivent, lateral more or less
connate, dorsal free. Petals as long, or shorter, broad or narrow. Tip
superior, sessile at the base of the column, cymbiform or produced into an
obtuse spur, undivided, acute or with a reflexed tip, disk with short or long
intramarginal ridges on lamellw; column short or long; rostellum long,
erect, at length 2-tid; stigma anticous; anther erect, acute or acuminate,
cells contiguous; pollinia 2, clavate, 2-cleft, caudicle long or short, gland
small. Capsule cylindric-oblong.—Species 6-8, Indian, Malayan, and
Chinese.

Sect. I. ONEMIDIA. Lip spurred. Spike terminal, peduncled.

1. T. angulosa; Blume Orchid. Archip. Ind. 122; leaves elliptic
or ovate acuminate 9-1lI-nerved, spike many-Hd., bracts slender spreading;
lip oblong. T. Govindovii & semilibera, Blume l. c. Decaisnea angulosa,
Lindl, in Wall, Cat. 7388. Onemidia angulosa & semilibera, Lindl. Gen.
& Sp. Orchid. 463. Govindovia nervosa, Wight Ic. t. 2090.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 1000 ft., Clarke, King. Sit.mukm, Wallich. 'TENASSERIM,
Parish, Upper BurMa, Griffith. MALABAR and TRAVANCORE, Wight, Ze,

Stem 8-12 in. Leaves 3-5 by 2-3 in. base rounded or cordate. Pedunce
short; spike 1-2 in.; bracts j-2 in., as long as the flowers; sepals 3—5-nerved,
lateral lanceolate, acuminate, counate nearly to the apex, dorsal linear-lanceolate,
acute; petals rather narrower, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, 3—5-nerved, midnerve very

Tropidia.] CXLVIII. ORCHIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 93

stout ; lip nearly as long as the petals, obtuse, lateral nerves narrowly lamellate
below the middle; column with a long slender rostellum ; anther narrowly lanceo-
te; pollinia clavate, grains lamelliform, caudicle long slender, gland minute.—
have examined Lindley's specimen of T. semilibera, and find, that he was in
error in supposing that the lateral sepals are free to below the middle; it does
not differ from 7’, angulosa.

Sect. II. TROPIDIA PROPER. Lip cymbiform, not spurred.
* Flowers in short sessile axillary or axillary and terminal spikes.

2. T. curculigoides, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7386 A; Gen. & Sp.
Orchid. 497 ; bracts ovate acuminate, lip with a reflexed tip a thickened
midnerve and intramarginal ridges from beyond the middle to the base
eat rellexed tip. T. assamica, Blume Orchid. Archip. Ind. 124, t. 41,

SIKKIM HIMALAYA, King. SILHET, Assam, and Burma, Wallich, Ze
PERAK, Wray.

Stem 1-2 ft. Leaves 6-10 by 1-13 iu. elliptic- or linear-lanceolate, caudate-
acuminate, 5-nerved, Spikes 4-3 in., erect or decurved ; bracts imbricate, + in.,
mate-lanceolate, upper narrower ; sepals } in. long, strongly 5-nerved, dorsal
near-lanceolate, lateral strongly recurved, lanceolate from an ovate base, taper-
Pointed ; petals rather shorter, obliquely ovate-oblong, obtuse, 5-nerved ; lip much
shorter than the sepals. Capsule 3 in. long.—Bentham in Flora of Hong Kong has
Teferred Schauer’s Ptychochilus septemnervis of China to this, but according to

Der: figure it differs in the much smaller flowers with ‘ovate acute sepals, and
» lip without the reflexed tip. Wallich’s 7386 B from Burma is a different species,
ut in too imperfect a state for analysis.

" d T. 8raminea, Blume Orchid. Archip. Ind. 194, t. 41; leaves
nceolate strongly 3-5-nerved, spikes very small and few-fld., lip obtuse
with short intramarginal lamelle towards the middle, tip shortly recurved.

SNE PENINSULA ; on Mount Ophir, Griffith, Lobb.—DisrRiB. Java. `,
um 18 in., slender, Leaves 6-8 by 1-11 in., acuminate as in C. circuligoides.
e WA long, 1-2-fld.; bracts 1 in, about equalling the ovary ; flowers We
E mepongly recurved ; sepals lanceolate, acuminate, 3-nerved petals ae ely
apex M y lanceolate, 1-2-nerved ; lip ovate, subacute, margins un me e wards e
the leaves cee et-—Deseribed from a single specimen. Blume s figure repre mts
Tminal only, and broader, and the spikes as with ra

** . .
Flowers in peduncled spikes.

4T Main i inal l axillary, bracts
^", *ngayi, Hook. f.; spikes terminal and axillary,
ulate, lip with a median and intramarginal lamellæ extending from the
* nearly to the acute tip.

Maray PENINSULA : ;
| ; Mount Ophir, Maingay. .
em 12-18 in. Leaves 15 by a1 in., elliptie-lanceolate, acuminate, 5-nerved.

lj me li-2 in, flexuous, sheathed ; spike short; bracts very variable, eI
ae Upper smaller; flowers in. long; sepals oblong-ovate, subacute, 1 1
> tved, dorsal narrow ; petals obliquely oblong, 3-4-nerved ; lip with no re exe

Wett pedunculata, Blume, of Sumatra, but the flowers are not ar
Cntinnore e Sepals are 5-nerved, and the intramarginal lamelle of the lip

5. T. Thwaitesii, Hook. f.; spike terminal subcapitate, bracts

94 CXLVIII. ORCHIDE®. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Tropidia.

subulate, lip ovate intramarginal lamello continuous to the base of the
reflexed apex. Cnemidia circuligoides, Thwaites Enum. 315 (not of
Lindl.).

CEYLON ; in hot dry places, Macrae, Thwaites.

Stem 6-12 in., slender. Leaves 3-6 by 43-2 in., narrowly linear-lanceolate,
acuminate, 3—5-nerved. Peduncle l in., naked; spike } in.; bracts rather longer
than the smooth ovaries; flowers 1-2 in. long; sepals with very thick midnerves
dorsal oblong 3-nerved, lateral ovate-lanceolate acuminate 5-nerved ; petals oblong,
obtuse, 3-nerved ; lip rather thick.

IMPERFECTLY KNOWN SPECIES,

CNEMIDIA BAMBUSEFOLIA, Thwaites Enum. 314; stem 2-3 ft., leaves few 6-8
by 14-2} in. elliptic-lanceolate caudate-acuminate 5-nerved, spike terminal sessile
3 in. long, bracts crowded lanceolate lower narrower 4 in. long.

CEYLON ; Suffragan district, Thwaites.—Descript. from Thwaites.

TEOPIDIA sp. (T. curculigoides, Kurz, from the Andaman Islands), a small slender
species, with lanceolate subacute 3-nerved leaves 2-3 by 1-2 in.

TEOPIDIA sp.; from Sikkim, alt. 1500 ft. (King in Herb. Calcutt.).—Resembles
T. curculigoides, but is much larger, with 7-9-nerved leaves 7-11 in. long by 2-21
broad, and small fruit à in. long.

79. PH'YSURUS, Richard.

Terrestrial, leafy herbs; stem below creeping; roots fibrous. Leaves
petioled, membranous, ovate or lanceolate. Flowers small, spicate. Sepals
free, dorsal smaller forming a hood with the petals. Lip erect from the
base of the column, spreading or recurved; spur exserted beyond the
bases of the sepals. Column very short, not appendaged in front, rostellum
2-fid; stigma anticous, prominent; anther erect, 2-celled; pollini
2, clavate.—Species about 20, Asiatic and American.

1. P. Blumei, Lindi. in Wall. Cat. 7397; Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 504;
in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 181; bracts equalling the ovary, lip short, termina
lobe transversely oblong entire, spur much shorter than the ovary 2-lobed.
Thwaites Enum. 214. P. humilis, Blume Orchid. Archip. t. 27, f. 2.

; SinuET, Wallich. CEYLON; in the Central Province, Macrae, &c.—DISTRIP
ava.

Stem 1-2 ft. slender, glabrous below. Leaves scattered, 21-3 in., petioled,
obliquely ovate or subcordate, acute, 3-nerved. Scape pubescent ; sheaths distant,
finely acuminate; spike 2-5 in., villous; sepals 4 in. long, brownish-red, obtuse,
l-nerved; petals spathulate, l-nerved; lip white, contracted at the base of the ter-
minal lobe, spur subcylindric or inflated, nerves strong hooked.

2. P. hirsutus, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 180; tall, stout,
villously hirsute, leaves ovate acuminate 7-nerved subglaucous beneath,
base acute. Goodyera hirsuta, Grif. Motul. ii. 393; Ic. Plant. Asiat.
t. 347.

AssaM ; on the Burmese frontier, Griffith.

Stem as thick as a goose quill. Leaves 4-5 in., oblique. Sepals, petals, and
lip brownish, blade of the latter white.— A very imperfectly kuown plant, M
which there are no specimens in Griffiths! Herbarium at Kew.

80. ANZECTOCHILUS, Blume.

Terrestrial herbs; stem below creeping. Leaves petioled, ovate or
lanceolate.’ Flowers in glandular-pubescent spikes. Sepals free, dors

Anectochilus.] otemt, omomipgx. (J. D. Hooker.) 95

smaller and forming a hood with the narrow acuminate petals, lateral
spreading. Tip adnate to the base of the column, contracted into an entire
toothed or pectinate claw beyond the saccate spurred base, and having two
rarely four terminal wing-like lobes; spur exserted beyond the bases o
the sepals, and with 2 calli within. Column short, appendaged in front,
stigmatic lobes lateral; anther 2-celled; pollinia narrowed into short or
long caudicles.—Species 8, Indian and Malayan.

* Claw of lip deeply fimbriate.

l. A. regalis, Blume Orchid. Archip. Ind. 46, t. 17 D; spur as long
as the sepals, terminal lobes of the lip short quadrate much shorter than
the claw. A. setaceus, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 2010; Gen. & Sp. Orchid.
499; Bot. ag. t. 5208; Fl. des Serres, ii. t. 15. Satyrium repens. Linn.
8p. Pl. 1339,

CEYLON ; ascending to 3000 ft.

Stem 6-10 in. Leaves 1-1} in., ovate-cordate, acute, usually dark velvety
green and netted with golden nerves. Scape stout or slender, sheaths 2; spike
3-5. 7 bracts lanceolate ; sepals $ in. long, ovate, subacute, green ; petals broadly
falcate, White; fimbriæ of white lip as long as the claw, spur inflated, tip subacute
notched ; column with 2 vertical lamelle in front.—Without an examination of
living plants it is impossible to say whether Blume is correct in separating the Ceylon

om the original Javanese A. seéaceus,—Var. inornata, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5208 is
* variety with whole coloured coppery-purple leaves,

2. A. Roxburghii, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7387 ; Gen. & Bp. Orchid.
ioe Spur as long as the sepals, terminal lobes of lip cuneately obovate as
bare as the claw. Blume Orchid. Archip. Ind. 50, t. 12 B, f. 2. Chryso-
aphus Roxburghii, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep. t. 27.
ay OAT HIMALAYA ; from Simla to Bhotan. Assam, SILHET, and MUNNI-

" IB, China

voles is imilarly yi olden nerves, and has a
Pri (rr, Lod eee Similarly netted with “coloured leaves which have
y disk Passing into yellowish-white.

3. A elatior, i; ] 7 i. 178; very tall, spur of
i ` andl, in Journ. Tinn. Soc. i. 178; very tall,
i as long as the sepals, base of claw hastate, terminal lobes of lip oblong
orter than the claw fringes very long.
Rene Hirrs:
faves ll in, qi

: * than in A. Rox-
burghii . bracts żin., broadly ovate-lanceolate; flowers much larger than in

iffer 1 from
urge, lanceolate, ucuminate.—The column differs a good dea
and Roxburghii. Only one specimen seen.

£ A. Reinw i ip. Ind. 48, t. 19, f. 2; spur
Ge a. H ardtii, Blume Orchid. Archip. Ind. 48, 3 T
: d e arly as long as the sepals, terminal lobes of lip faleately oblong, base

V cordate, frin
, ges very long. m. Hill
pe PNANG ; on Government Hill, Curtis. PERAK, Scortechini ; on Maxwell’s Hill,
d era, Sumatra, . a erves or not.
Sop ter 14-9 in., orbicular- or elliptic-ovate, netted with golden n
“pe 4-6 in

D ji l n
Gene ‘Often very stout; flowers as in A. elatior; column with a long
escending into the spur.
5. A,

brevilabris, Lindl. Gen. §& Sp. Orchid. 499; spur of lip saccate

96 CXLVIII. ORCHIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Ancetochilus.

mueh shorter than the sepals, terminal lobes obtusely hatchet-shaped,
claw of lip very short, fringes few. A. albolineatus, Par. dr Reichb. f. in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 141. Dossinia marmorata, Lindl. in Journ. Linn.
Soc. i. 185 (not of Morren).

Sikkim HIMALAYA (Je. Cathcart § J. D. H.). Kuasta Hints, alt. 4-5000 ft.,
Mack, Ae, TENASSERIM, Parish.

Leaves ovate, green with a white mesial band and golden nerves, red beneath.
Spike asin A. Reinwardtii; sepals and petals green tinged with pink; lip white ;
column very large with a forcipate appendage projecting from the base.

** Claw of lip entire or nearly so.

6. A. Griffithii, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined. ; claw of lip entire or with
a membranous tocthed margin and a trapeziform base, terminal lobes
hatchet-shaped lobulate or toothed.

EASTERN HIMALAYA, Griffith. Naga Hills, in UPPER Assam, Prain.

Leaves 134-1} in., orbicular-ovate, apiculate. Scape 4-6 in. ; spike 10-20-fld. ;
lobes of lip equalling or longer than the claw; column short with a broad folded
appendage in front and a flap over the mouth of the very short saccate 2-fid spur;
auther short.—The margin of the claw of the lip is broader and more toothed in the
only Naga specimen I have seen,

7. A. tetrapterus, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined.; claw of lip quite
entire, terminal lobes each 2-partite.

Munnipore ; at Eerung, alt. 2000 ft., Clarke.

Leaves 2 in., shortly petioled, ovate, caudate-acuminate. Scape 2 in., and few-fid.
spike tomentose; sheaths and bracts large; claw of lip arched, narrow; lobules
cuneate-obovate, terminal pair smallest; column with broad auricles in front that
terminate in a 2-fid membrane overhanging the mouth of the very short conical
obtuse spur; anther lanceolate, acuminate.

81. VRYDAGZYNEA, Blume.

Terrestrial, leafy herbs; stem below creeping, roots fibrous. Leaves
petioled, ovate. Flowers small, spicate, suberect. Sepals subequal, free,
dorsal smaller forming a hood with the petals. Lip included, sessile at the
base of the column, membranous, concave, entire; spur large, inflated,
exserted beyond the base of the sepals, with 2 stipitate calli within.
Column short, inappendieulate; stigmatic lobes lateral; rostellum short;
anther short, celis distant; pollinia 2, sessile on a large gland.— Species
8-10, Indian, Malayan and Pacific.

This genus is described as having two stipitate calli descending from the base of
the column into the sac or spur of thelip; the stipites appear to me to be always
more or less adnate to the walls of the sac, and represent two vascular bundles oF

nerves.—The name is variously spelled. All the species want revision and description
from living plants.

1. V. viridiflora, Hook. f.; bracts ovate-lanceolate acuminate, lip
orbicular-oblong tip truncate, disk with a high median ridge from the base
to the middle, spur inflated. ? Physurns viridiflorus, Lindl. in Journ. Linn.
Soc. i. 180 (ercl. Syn. Neottia viridiflora, Bl, which is a Goodyera).

Lower BENGAL; Luckempore, on the Megua, C/arke,—DisTRIB. ? Java.

A span high. Leaves 1lj-2 in., ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute, membranous;
shortly petioled. Scape 1-1} in.; spike few-fld., rachis pubescent ; bracts } in. and

Vrydagzynea.] CXLVIII. ORCHIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 97

sheaths membranous; flowers in. long, pale yellow and pink; blade of lip as long
5 the oblong inflated spur, margins incurved.—Only cne specimen seen.

2. V. albida, Blwme Orchid. Archip. Ind. 75, t. 19, f. 2, 3; bracts
oblong subacute, lip oblong retuse with a short obtuse tooth, disk with a
ow hispidulous ridge from the base to beyond the middle. Etzria albida,
Blume Bijdr, 410; Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 491.

PERAK ; in the Padang Valley, Wray.—Disrrr. Java. a
ole plant 8-10 in. high, glabrous. Leaves 14-2 in. long, ovate or elliptic,
Subacute. Scape slender, 1-3 in.; sheaths broadly acuminate, membranous ; spike
vay many-fld. ; bracts i in. long, exceeding the pale green flowers; sepals } in.
ng, obtuse; blade of lip as long as the inflated spur. Capsule } in. long.—The
men as in fruit, but the withered flowers are well preserved, A drawing appa-
ENT of this by Scortechini represents the leaves as more lanceolate with waved
Tgins,

" 3. v. &racilis, Blume Orchid. Archip. Ind. 72, t. 17, and t. 20, £ 1;
Tacts lanceolate acuminate, lip oblong, tip rounded apiculate, disk with a
ender ridge from base to apex.

PERAK ; at Horum, Scortechini.—DISTRIB. Sumatra. ; ioled

ov, Whole plant 3-8 in’ high, simple or branched, glabrous. Leaves 3-1 in., petio ‘als

ate or ovate-cordate, subacute. Scape very short; spike few-fld., papillose ; sepals

m, long, acute, agglutinate to the narrow petals; spur obtuse, nearly as long as the
* of the lip; anther with a membranous tip.

82: CYSTORCHIS, Blume.

la Characters of Vrydagzynea, but lip clawed as in Zeuaine, and with a
"B® exposed didymous sac.—Species 3 or 4, Malayan. l
deer fusca, Lindl., referred here by Bentham, is a true Goodyera, with the
how’ of the lip partially exposed. ` It must be by oversight that its habit is
adic as altogether that of Cystorchis, trom which it differs in its tufted roots,
ge leaves, robust habit, and alpine habitat. Amongst Scortechini's drawings of

i ad é er ystorchis, but unaccompanied
with specimens Ta are several probably referable to Cystorchis,

i C. Javanica, Blume Orchid. Archip. Ind. 87, t. 24, f. 1; leaves
diated te with crenate pinkish margins, lip with a long straight claw "Sp

ij GN, Etwria javanica, Blume Bijdr. 410; Lindl. Gen. Ap.
Orchid, 491 (Etheria) /

ERAK, Scortechini.—Drsrrrp. Java.

Margin, ^ Ton long, leafy above. Leaves 3-1} in., petioled, ovate, obtuse or subacute,
minate Te or crenulate, Scape and short raceme puberulous; sheaths anecolate,

lego] te tacts equalling the ovary; flowers } in. long; lateral sepa s as
enb ou “herved, puberulous ;- petals linear-oblong, obtuse, l-nerved ; sac of lip
ather gow? Claw rigid grooved, the margins being inflexed; rostellum vate;
good le, Very convex, umbonate; gland of pollinia ovate, acute.—Specimen

* undulat ut I think referable to Blume’s plant, of which the leaves are describe

* dar purple above and pale flesh coloured beneath.

2. . .
lmao Variegata, Blume Orchid. Archip. Ind. 89, t. %4, f. E and 90 C;
Wer è green with dark transverse bands, scape slender,

"Dë, beak of lip with incurved sides and a small dilated tip.

Bei

ORE, Ridley —
Le » "i Ley.— T) rsTRIB. Java. . . :
ww CH in., ovate-oblong or -lanceolate acute ; petiole } in. Scape with

98 CXLVIII. ORCHIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Cystorchis.

raceme 4-6 in., glandular-pubescent; flowers about 4 in. long; lateral sepals very
gibbous at the base.—Named by Mr. Ridley. The flowers in the specimen he has
kindly sent are far too young for analysis.

83. HERPYSMA, Lindl.

A terrestrial leafy herb; stem stout, erect. Leaves ovate-lanceolate,
petioled, membranous; sheaths very large, hyaline. Flowers in a dense
short sessile spike. Sepals subequal free; dorsal forming a hood with
the oblong petals. Lip adnate to the sides of the column, spreading,
spur elongate, straight, exposed, tip 2-fid. Column short, not appendaged
in front; stigma anticous ; rostellum short, erect, 2-fid ; anther sessile, erect,
linear-oblong, 2-celled; pollinia narrow, tipped with 2 hard lanceolate
appendages or glands, pollen grains flattened.

H. longicaulis, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7389; in Bot. Reg. under
t. 1618; Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 506; in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 178, 190.

Eastern HIMALAYA; Nepal, Wallich Sikkim, alt. 3-4000 ft., J. D. H. &.
Kuasia Mrs., alt. 4500 ft., Clarke. ;

Stem 6-12 in., elongate and creeping below, then ascending, as thick as a swans
quill or less, clothed below with the white, truncate leaf sheaths 2-1 in long.
Leaves 2-3 in., membranous, shortly petioled. Spike 1-2 in., pubescent; bracts
3-4 in. ovate-lanceolate; flowers with ovary rather longer, suberect, pale pink ;
sepals $ in. long, 5-nerved, and shorter petals obtuse; lip shorter than the sepals,
subpanduriform, reflexed from the middle, strongly 5-nerved, disk with 2 flattish
calli about the middle, and a thick lamella extending to the rounded tip; spur
longer than the blade, strongly nerved; base of white column contracted below the
broad pulvinate stigma.—I do not find the two lamella in the spur, which is longitu*
dinally grooved or infolded at the back.

84. ODONTOCEIILUS; Blume.

. Habit and character of Anectochilus, but sac or small spur of the lip
hidden between the more or less connate bases of the lateral sepals.—
Species about 12, Indian, Malayan and Pacific.

The pollen varies greatly in structure in this genus. The species are most difficult
of analysis and definition from dried specimens. Myrmechis, Blume, is omiy

distinguishable by the fewer often erect flowers and stem with numerous sma
eaves,

* Stem stout, leafy, Flowers solitary or very few. (MYRMECHIS, BL)

l. O. macranthus, Hook. f. Ic. Pl. ined.; leaves ovate acumi-

nate, flowers very large solitary erect, claw of lip entire, margins involute,
limb small orbicular,

PERAK, Scortechini ; on Maxwell's Hill, Wray. -Jed

Stem 2-3 in., from a nodose procumbent base. Leaves ł in., shortly petiol `
Flower white, nearly 1 in. long, with a sheathing bract on the very short peduncles
sepals erect, lateral linear-oblong from a gibbous base, l-nerved; dorsal ovate-lan
ceolate, long-acuminate; petals falcately dimidiate-ovate, long-pointed ; sac of lip
subglobose, enclosed calli small; limb shortly exserted; column very short, fronta’
appeudage erect lanceolate; rostellar arms very long, slender ; anther linear-lanceo
late; pollinia clavate, united caudicles long slender, gland elongate.—Resem
Myrmechis glabra, Blume of Java, but the narrower flowers, long anther, pollen an
rostellar arms at once distinguish it.

Odontochilus.] ^ vtem. orcHIDER. (J. D. Hooker.) 99

2. O. calcaratus, Hook. J. Ic. Plant. ined.; leaves very small ovate
acuminate, flowers 1-3, claw of lip crenate, lobes small quadrate or
rounded, column with a linear process descending into the cylindric or
Incurved spur.

PERAK, Scortechini ; alt. 3900 ft., Wray. .

_Stem 3-5 in, slender, flexuous, leafy. Leaves 1-3 in., sessile or petioled,
aristately acuminate, Peduncle very short, and bracts lanceolate, quite glabrous ;
flowers white ; sepals linear, l-nerved, lateral with the outer bases connate and
enclosing the spur; petals linear-lanceolate, 1-nerved ; lip 4 in. long, spur half as
long as the sepals, with a columnar caruncle enclosed, tip straight or incurved ;
column short ; rostellar arms long, slender ; anther ovate-lanceolate ; pollinia short,
each attached to the gland by a long stout caudicle.— Wray describes the leaves as
green dashed with crimson, veined with gold, and bordered with red, the flowers
white, Scortechini says, leaves dark purple, sepals pale carnation, lip white.
This is a Myrmechis with the claw of lip of Odontochilus.

3. O. pumilus, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined.; leaves i-i in. scattered
Petioled ovate, scape 1-3-fld., bracts oblong ciliate, lateral sepals ovate
Subacute, claw of lip crenulate, terminal lobes subquadrate. Cheirostylis

pusilla, in part, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 188 (not of Gen. & Sp.
Orchid 1

SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 8-10,000 ft., J. D. H., Thomson, King. .

tem with scape 2-3 in., ascending from a prostrate base, stout for the size of the
plant, Leaves acute, rather thick; nerves obscure; sheaths very short. Scape
With one membranous ciliate sheath ; flowers subglobose, 2 in. diam., white; dorsal
Sepal broadly ovate with an obtuse recurved tip, l-nerved, lateral triangular-ovate,
Very oblique at the base, l.nerved; sac of lip simple, internal calli very large;
f "minal lobes shortly exserted, thick.—So like Cheirostylis pusilla that it was con-
Ounded with it by Lindley. The specimens I have seen are very few, and the
owers very difficult of analysis.

o ** Stem elongate. Leaves 1 in. or more long. Spikes few- or many-fid.
( DoNTOCHILUs, Àj).

4. 0. crispus, Hook. f; leaves few ovate acute, bracts shorter than
the glabrous ovary, claw of esed lip quite entire, wings toothed much
Soe 1 an the sepals. Anoectochilus crispus, Lindl. in Journ. Linn.

» l. .

Sus DEI HhrirAY,, alt. 5-6000 ft., Je. Cathcart, Clarke. Kuasta Hiris; at

ureem, alt, 5000 ft., Clarke. . . D
tem slender, elongate below the 2-4 leaves. Leaves $ in., petiole i-lin. Sp ike
dorsal m nonis and ovate-lanceolate bracts pubescent ; lateral sepals a Tn
ing the uch smaller ; petals dimidiate-ovate, falcate, acuminate ; claw W x ivmous
enclosed 7 slender ; 2.winged limb } in. diam., white; sac minu ^ ther very
short, ti caruncles large; column and rostellar arms very short indeed ; ant ae hares
Dr recurved ; pollinia globose, sessile at the truncate end of the very ie
this be Cuneiform caudicle ; gland minute.—A Sikkim specimen of Clarke's very

S pubescent sepals, and a few minute tubercles on the claw of the lip.

5. 0 . H ovate

* Dectinatus, Hook. ` Ic. Plant. ined. ; stem leafy, leaves ovat
pet bike few-fld, laxly ville bracts as long as the ovary, claw of dip
lay » limb lonate or broadly 2-winged, sac globose, rostellar

PERAK, alt .
Stem 6.3.7, 9-4000 ft. King's Collector; Maxwell's Hill, Wray. . .
6-12 in, Leaves 13-2} in., light green, thick, flesby, petiole 4-3 in. Spike
H 2

100 CXLVIII. ORCHIDEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Odontochilus.

6-8-fld. ; bracts } in. long, pubescent, laxly villous, ovary glabrous; sepals ovate-
lanceolate, 1-nerved, softly pubescent ; petals lanceolate, unequal sided, long pointed ;
sac of lip with 2 targe caruncles ; column very short, with 2 ascending auricles in
front; rostellar arms long and broad; anther lanceolate; pollinia obovoid, much
shorter than their broad thick coherent caudicles.

6. O. brevistylis, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined. ; leaves towards the top
of the stem obliquely ovate-lanceolate acute, spike few-fld. pubescent,
bracts as long as the ovary, claw of lip slender with few curved spinous

teeth, sac globose, limb bipartite, segments semicircular, rostellar arms
very short.

PERAK ; on Gunong Batu Pateh, alt, 3400 ft., Wray.

A span high. Leaves 14-2 in., pale green; petiole j in. Spike short; flowers
white; ovary glabrous; sepals 4 in. long, lateral broadly obliquely ovate, acute,
hairy, dorsal much smaller; petals semicircular with long points; sac of lip with 2
large caruncles, claw narrow, limb larger than the sepals; column exceedingly
short, frontal appendages obscure ; rostellar arms triangular, subacute ; anther short,
ovate, obtuse; pollinia subglobose, sessile on the truncate base of the united caudicles
which form a large fleshy triangular plate acute at the top, gland minute.—The
pollinia and their caudicle are a good deal lke those of O. crispus.

7. O. Elwesii, Clarke mss.; stem above and few-fld. spike hirsute,
leaves ovate acute, flowers large, bracts as long as the hirsute ovary, sepals
hairy, claw of lip broad irregularly toothed, sac scrotiform, lobes of limb

subquadrate, rostellar arms subulate, pollen grains lamellate. Hook. f. Ie.
Plant. ined.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 4-6000 ft., Clarke, King. KnaAstA Has: on Shillong;
alt. 6100 ft., Clarke. MuNNIPORE; on Kohima, Broin.

Stem stout below, 6-8 in. high. Leaves 14-2 in., rather crowded, dark green
with 3 red nerves. Spike 2—4-fld.; lateral sepals ovate, acuminate, 1-nerved, green
purple-tipped or white, dorsal much smaller ; petals semicircular, with long or short
points; sae of lip 2-lobed, claw dark purple, centre and subquadrate lobes white;
column very short, frontal appendages triangular; anther short, apiculate, COD-
nective very thick; pollinia broadly elavate, grains flat, caudicles 0, gland lineat.—
This and O. grandiflorus have Jamellate ecaudiculate pollen.

8. O. grandifiorus, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii. 598; tall, leafy, leaves
3-5 in. obliquely elliptic acute, spike stout many-fld., rachis pubescent,
bracts about equalling the glabrous ovary, sepals glabrous, spur of liP
decurrent on the ovary, claw with 5-6 pair of long recurved spines, wings

large cuneate, anther lanceolate. pollinia clavate, grains lamellate. Ancecto-
chilus grandiflorus, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc, i. 179.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 4-6000 ft, J. D. H. KmnasiA Hitts, alt. 4000 ft.
J. D. H. y T. T.

Stem with spike 12-15 in., as thick as a goose-quill below, Leaves 2-23 it
diam., base acute or rounded; petiole 13-2 in. Spike 4-6 in. ; bracts 4 in, pink,
slightly pubescent ; lateral sepals 4 in., faleately oblong-lanceolate, subacute, connate
at the base and with the sac of the lip, and dorsal and petals mottled with pinkis
white and green, dorsal much smaller. ovate; sac of lip rather long, calli within
large crenate, limb 3-3 in. diam.; column longer than in its congeners, with
ascending frontal wings; rostellum very broad, 2-cuspidate; pollinia lamellate;
without caudicles, narrowed upwards, the narrowed portion lamellate down to tbe
small gland.

9. ©. Clarkei, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined. ; tall, leaves 2-24 in. obliquely
elliptic acute, spike subtomentose, many-fid., bracts longer than the

Odontochilus.] CXLVIH. ORCHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) ` 101

pubescent ovary, sepals glabrous lateral free at the base, sac of lip small
globose didymous, claw with broad round auricles at the base and 2-3
pair of spines, wings hatchet-shaped, anther elongate, pollinia subglobose
with a long flexuous thick caudicle, grains cuneiform.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA ; Mongpo, alt. 3000 ft., Clarke.

A foot high including the spike. Leaves as in grandiflorus, but much smaller.
Spike 5 in., very many-fld.; bracts 3 in., pink, pubescent; lateral sepals j in.,
broadly ovate-oblong, pink, l-nerved, dorsal and petals coherent in a small deeply
cordate pink cuspidate hood; sac of lip with 2 caruncles, claw expanding just
beyond the sac into an orbicular or obcordate plate, wings as large as the sepals;
column with 2 ascending frontal appendages ; rostellum broad, bifid; long caudicle
rt the pollinia rather stout golden, gland small.—The only species with a dilated
ase of the claw of the lip. The specimen is a solitary one.

10. O. lanceolatus, Benth. in Gen. Plant. ii. 598; leaves 2-3 in.
ovate or ovate-lanceolate acute, spike many-fld., rachis pubescent, bracts as
long or longer than the glabrous ovaries, flowers small glabrous, sac of lip
globose didymous, claw with 3—4 pairs of recurved spines, wings subquad-
Tate, anther very short, pollinia globose sessile on a broad fleshy triangular
paudicle. O. flavus, (error for luteus), Benth. l. e. Ancectochilus lanceo-
nus, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 499; in Journ. Linn. Soc. i.l79. A.
uteus, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. L c. l

ssa ET HIMALAYA, alt. 5-6000 ft., Grifitk’s Collectors (Kew Distrib. 5345,
Si c. Knasta Mrs., Mack, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 5352), &c.
bracts 1 with the spike 6-8 in., few or many-leaved. Leaves green. Spike 2-3 in. ;
lateral i in, usually broader and whiter than in other species, nearly glabrous;
obtuse Pals 1 in., ovate, obtuse, green, l-nerved ; dorsal and petals connate in an
within ood broader than long; lip golden yellow, sac with a pair of curved spurs
ontal claw not dilated at the base, limb 3 in. diam. ; column very short indeed,
recury aPbendages obscure ; rostellum broad, 2-cuspidate ; anther short, thick, with a
cri ed beak, grains of pollen cuneiform.—The pollen is like that of O. breristylis

"Pus. I cannot distinguish dried specimens of Lindley's An. luteus from his

l D
tege According to native drawings A. luteus should have much the largest

85. HAEMARIA, Lindi.

Terrestrial herbs; caudex creeping. Leaves petioled. Flowers racemed.
broad, subequal, free ; dorsal erect forming a hood with the petals; lateral
elon er Spreading. Lip adnate to the base and sides of the column,
Winged ` With a small basal sac which is concealed by the sepals; sides
cal; p auricled, blade of two spreading lobes, sac with 2 large internal

oriz olumn very large, clavate, stigma anticous; anther large, sub-
ontal, cells distinct; pollinia 2, clavate, sulcate, granular, attached

Chines SHY gland to the forked rostellum.—Species 4, Malayan and

La = discolor, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 490; Mig. Choix. Pl. t. 16.
na discolor ; A. Rich. in Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. vii. 457 ; Blume
Archip. Ind. 113, 114, t. 34, £. 2, 3, and t. 42. Goodyera discolor,
oda meen Reg. t. 271; Bot. Mag. t. 2055; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 143.
rufescens, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7390; Gen. § Sp. Orchid. 489.

MALAY pg,
ong, hin Chine at Johore, Ridley. Pxrnane, Wallich.—P1srRis. Hong

102 CXLVIII. ORCHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Haemaria,

Caudex very short. Stem ascending from the base, 6-10 in., stout or slender,
pubescent. Leaves subradical, 1-3 in., shortly petioled, elliptic or ovate, apiculate,
fleshy, dark red beneath. Racemes many-fld.; rachis and ovary tomentose ; bracts
large, concave, membranous, acuminate, coloured; perianth à-2 in. diam.; petals
pinkish, broadly ovate, apiculate, l-nerved, nerve with flexuous nervules ; sepals
linear, 1-nerved ; lip longer than the sepals, recurved ; sac small, 2-lobed ; claw with
dilated sides; lobes of limb divaricate, quadrately oblong.—Reichenbach’s var.
Dawsoniana trom Moulmein (Trans, Linn. Soc. xxx. 142) consists of leaves only an
is probably an Anectochilus; it may or may not be his var. Dawsonianus, Gard.
Chron, 1872, 321 (Anectochilus Dawsonianus, Low in Gard. Chron. 1868, 1038)
with red reticulations on the leaves.

86. DOSSINIA, Morr.

A Bornean genus, not hitherto found in British India. The plant referred to it
by Lindley is Anectochilus brevilabris (see p. 95).

87. SPIRANTHES, Rich.

Terrestrial herbs, roots fibrous or tuberous; stem leafy, or the flowering
leafless. Leaves various. Flowers small, secund, in often twisted spikes.
Sepals subequal, free, or more or l »»»»rinz with the petals in an erect
hood, lateral gibbous at the base. Lip sessile or clawed, erect, entire oF
3-lobed, base concave, disk callous or lamellate. Column short, terete,
base often decurrent on the ovary; stigma anticous, broad, rostellum
erect obtuse or elongate and 2-fid ; anther erect, 2-celled ; pollinia pendulous
from the gland of the rostellum.—Species about 80, temperate and
tropical.

1. S. australis, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 823; Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 464;
Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 178; tall, pubescent, root of many fleshy fibres, leaves
on the base of the flowering stem linear-lanceolate or linear obtuse or acute
or oblanceolate, spikes slender, bracts ovate exceeding the ovary, lip oblong
crisped, base saccate 2-glandular, tip dilated retuse or apiculate, disk hairy.
Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 270; Wight Ic. t. 1724 (middle and right-hand
Jigs.). S.longispicata, A. Rich. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2?» xv. 78. S. flexuosa,
& parviflora, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. under t. 823. S. pudica, Lindl. Coll. Bot.
t. 30. S.amena, Bunge Enum. Pl. Chin. 63. S. nove Zelandicæ, Hook. Fl.
New Zeald. i. 243. Neottia australis, Br. Prodr. 319; Don Prodr. 27.
N. crispata, Blume Bijdr. 406. N. flexuosa & parviflora, Smith in Rees
Cyclop. N. sinensis, Pers. Syn. ii. 511. N. amena, Bieb. Fl. Taur.
Cauce. i3. 606. Gyrostachys australis, Blume Fl. Jav. 107, t. 37, 98—
Spiranthes, Grif. Notul. iii. 984; Ic. Plant. Asiat. t. 348.

Throughout INDIA from the PANJAB and W. TrpeT to UPPER Assam, and south-
wards to CEYLON and CHITTAGONG ; ascending to 7500 ft. in the Sikkim Himalaya,
and 7000 " in the Nilghiris.—Disrris. Affghanistan, N. Asia, China, Java, Australia,

. Seaiand,

Plant 6-18 in. high, stout or slender, sometimes almost tuberous. Leaves
1-5 in., very variable, rarely oblong and sessile, often scattered and lower long-
petioled; sheaths rather distant. Spike 3-6 in., twisted, glandular-pubescent ;
flowers secund, close-set; perianth j-} in. long, horizontal, reddish or whites
sepals obtuse, tips (and of truncate petals) recurved.— There is a great difference n

.the size of the flowers of this species, but the large and small fld. seem to inhabi
the same areas.

Var. Wightiana, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. 465; very stout, sheaths many almost

Sptranthes,] OXLVIII. OROHIDEEX. (J, D. Hooker.) 103

imbricating, flowers in a dense cylindric spike. S. Wightiana, Lindl. in Wall. Cat.
7978. S. densa, A. Rich. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2, xv. 79: S. australis, Wight Ic.
t 1724 (left-hand fig.).—Nilghiri Mts.

2. S. autumnalis, Rich. Orchid. Europ. Ann. 57; glandular-pubes-
cent, root of elongate stout tubers, leaves in a tuft at the side of the flowering
stem ovate, bracts ovate-lanceolate acuminate exceeding the ovary, lip
oblong-panduriform glabrous, base 2-glandular. Lindl. Gen. & Sp.
Orchid. 469; in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 277; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 90;
Reichb. Fl. t, AT.

,, WESTERN HIMALAYA ; at Lohoo Ghat, Thomson (Fl. May).—Distris. Affghan-
istan, Caucasus to the Atlantic,

Root of 2 fleshy fusiform or subcylindric tubers 3-13 in. long. Leaves 1-13 in.,
on a very short lateral stem that flowers in the following year. Scape with the
rather stout raceme 4-6 in. ; spike twisted ; flowers secund greenish white, variable
m size, usually larger than in S. australis.—This common European species has not
been recorded from any locality between the Caucasus and Affghanistan. Boissier
rts In describing the tubers as napiform. In Europe it flowers in October to
December ; in India and Affghanistan in April and May.

88. NEOTTIA, Linn.

. Terrestrial erect brown leafless herbs ; rootstock with fibres, stem
simple laxly sheathed. Flowers racemose. Sepals subequal, free, lanceo-
» Concave at length spreading, lateral faleate. Petals narrow. Lip pen-
ulous from the base of the column, larger than the sepals, 2-fid, base flat or
concave, Column erect or incurved, subterete; stigma transverse ` anther
erect or inclined forwards, cells contiguous; pollen in loosely connected
Masses, pendulous from the gland of the rostellum.—Species 3, temperate
urope and Asia,

Neorrra srrargumatica, Br. Prodr. 319 (in note). In a note under Neottia
australis, Brown refers the Orchis strateumatica of Linnaeus (Flor. Zey lan. n. 319;
Sp. Plant, 1, i. 943) to Spiranthes, on the faith of a specimen in Hermann’s

erbarium ; but Linnzus' character of * spur slender as long as the ovary ” is
Quite opposed to this determination. I do not know what it is.

, N. listeroides, Lindl. in Royle Ill. 368; Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 458 ;
163 CP. Linn. Soc. i. 176. N. Lindleyana, Dene in Jacquem. Voy, Bot.
; t. 163

in ROXPERATE HIMALAYA; from Kashmir eastwards to Sikkim, alt. 5-10,000 ft.
neon, and 10-11,000 ft. in Sikkim. sodes 3-4
lax em with the raceme 8-14 in., high, stout or slender, stiff, flexuons ; shea dene
bran aceme 6-12 in., lax-fld., laxly pubescent; bracts j-3 in., § )ea iir g mem-
eate 1. as long as the erect pedicels; flowers 4 in. long, red brow n; sepals tru n
e se Weil petals much narrower, margins convolute ; lip 2-3 times as i ng as
at ei " linear-oblong, cleft into two ovate or linear-subacute para el Capsule
in, ] ? the way up, nearly flat with a dorsal ridge; ovary pubescent.
* ‘ong, ellipsoid, erect.

89. LISTERA. Br.

Terrestrial erect 2-leaved herbs, with fibrous roots from a short root-
and 54/746 broad, subopposite. Flowers rather small, racemed. me s
basa o ats subequal, free, spreading or reflexed. Lip pendulous or) & d.

of the column, usually longer than the sepals, narrow, entire or'z-üd.

104 CXLVIII. ORCHIDE®. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Listera.

Column stout; rostellum terminal; anther inclined forwards, cells 2 con-
tiguous; pollinia 2, usually 2-partite, pendulous from the gland of the
rostellum.—Species 10, N. temperate regions.

1. L. ovata, Br. in Hort. Kew, v. 201; leaves ovate, lip linear 2-fid.
Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 455; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 92; Ledeb. Fl.
Ross. iv. 80; Reichb, Ic. Fl. Germ. xiii. t. 479.

Norru-West Hrmataya?, Falconer.—Distr1B. Europe to the Ural and the
Caucasus.

Whole plant 12-18 in. high. Root of fleshy fibres. Stem 2-4 in., naked.
Leaves 2-4 in., sessile, subacute. Scape with raceme 6-10 in., with 1-2 small
sheaths; raceme 3-6 in., pubescent; bracts broadly ovate, membranous ; pedicel
eh in.; flowers } in. long, greenish; sepals ovate ; petals linear; lip twice as long
as the sepals, very narrow, 2-fid. Capsule 2 in. long, globosely ellipsoid.— Falconer $
is the only Indian Herbarium in which this plant occurs, and as it has not hitherto
been found eastwards of Long. 80° E. the specimen may not be Indian, but have
been inadvertently placed by him in his Indian Herbarium.

. 2. L. tenuis, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 176; leaves ovate acute,
lip cuneately obcordate.

Sikkim HIMALAYA ; Lachen valley, alt. 11,500 ft., J. D. H.

Whole plant 4-5 in. high, very slender; leaves nearer the raceme than the root,
3-1 in. long, sessile, 3-5-nerved. Scape almost filiform; raceme few-fld., puberu-
lous; bracts ovate, acute, membranous; pedicels short; flowers 4 inong ; lip twice
as long as the petals, lobes rounded ; column short,

3. X. pinetorum, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 175; leaves orbi-

cular cordate acute, lip cuneately broadly obcordate from a narrow basé
lobes broad.

Stxxim HIMALAYA; in pine woods of the Lachen valley, alt. 10-11,000 ft.,
J. D. H ; Chumbi, King’s Collector,

Whole plant 4-8 in. high, slender. Leares 1-14 in., much nearer the raceme
than the root, about as broad as long, very shallowly cordate, 5-7-nerved. Scape
rather stout, very short and few-fld.; raceme pabescent ; bracts appressed to the
scape, ovate, acuminate, herbaceous; flowers decurved, 1 in. long, greenish brown;

lip twice or thrice as long as the sepals, deeply 2-lobed, sinus obtuse; column long,
incurved.

4. L. micrantha, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 176; leaves sub-
radical broadly ovate, lip 3-lobed short.

Sikkim HIMALAYA; Lachoong valley, alt. 10,000 ft., J. D. H.

Whole plant 3-5 in. Leaves 3 iu. Scape filiform, and lax-fld. ; raceme pubes-
cent ; bracts minute, ovate, acute, shorter than the Ae in. pedicels; flowers very
minute, ;'5 in long; lip very much smaller than the sepals, cuneate, truncately
3-lobed, lobes acute ; column very short.—A remarkable little species.

90. CHEIROSTYLIS, Blume.

Terrestrial herbs. Leaves membranous. Flowers small, racemed.
Sepals connate in a gibbous based tube to the middle. Petals narrow,
Lip inserted at the base of the column, erect, narrow, base saccate, hn
shortly clawed broadly dilated entire toothed or crenate. Column short
with 2 appendages in front, rostellum 2-cleft; stigmatic lobes latera i
anther erect, cells short; pollinia 2, caudicle short, gland oblong.—Spec'*
about 8, Indian and Malayan.

Cheirostylis.] ^ cetem. orcHIDEE, (J. D. Hooker.) 105

* Appendages of column as long as the rostellum.

l. C; pusilla, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 489; in Journ. Linn. Boc.
iii. 188 (in part); glabrous, leaves very small ovate, raceme 2-3-fld., limb
of lip 2-lobed, lobes quadrate deeply toothed. Etæria pusilla, Wall. Cat.

7392. Zeuxine moniliformis, Griff. Notul. ii. 397; Je, Plant. Asiat.
t. 350.

KnasrA Hrs, alt. 4-5000 ft., Wallich, &c. .

Stem 3-6 in., prostrate below, often moniliform from the swollen internodes,
Leaves 3-4 in., scattered, acute acuminate or aristate ; petiole short. Scape 1-3 in. ;
sheaths and bracts oblong-lanceolate, ciliate; flowers inclined, 3 in. long ; sepals
pink, obtuse ; petals spathulate; lip white, base shortly saccate, nerves with a few
fleshy setee within, claw finely hairy towards the tip; columnar appendages fleshy,
as long as the rostellar arms; anther lanceolate ; pollinia pyriform, gland very long.
—Closely resembles Odontochilus pumilus, and was confounded with it by Lindley.

2. C. malleifera, Parish & Reichb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx.

Hi; glabrous, leaves very small ovate acute, raceme 3-5-fld., lobes of lip
entire.

TENASSERIM ; on Zwakabin, Parish. . iif
ery like C. pusilla, but there is no appearance in the specimens of a moniliform
sem, leaves rather larger, flowers not half the size, lip with a longer and shallower

» and quite entire somewhat hatchet-shaped lobes; anther with a dilated
membranous apex.

3. C. Griffithii, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 188; scape pubescent,
flowers 1-3 large, limb of lip reniform laciniate, appendages of column linear.
Goodyera No. 9, Griff. Notul. iii. 393.

Knasra Hrrrs, alt. 4-5000 ft., Griffth, Lobb, Clarke. Prav, Kurz (in Herb.
Calentt.), TENASSERIM ; on Mt. Tungoo, Parish. .

Stem below prostrate. Leaves 1 in., shortly petioled, ovate, acuminate; sheaths
Very large, cupular, hyaline. Scape 3-8 in., slender; sheaths and bracts large,
Dies, lanceolate ; flowers nearly 1 in. long with the ovary, white with 2 green spots
eq the lip; Sepals connate to the middle; petals narrowly spathulate; base of lip
dongate, concave, with 2 series of glandular sete within; claw short. Capsule

m., pedicelled, pyriform,

DA Parvifolia, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1839, Misc. 19; Gen. & Sp.
chid. 488; in Journ. Linn, Soc. i. 187; raceme puberulous lax-fid.,
coh’ minute, limb of lip subquadrate 6-8-lobed, appendages of the
‘umn dilated upwards rather short. Thwaites Enum. 313.
CRYLoN ; Ambagamowa district rare, Thwaites. : . te
lane Jon high, Leaves 2-3 about the middle of the slender stem, 3-14 in., ovate-

long wl acuminate. Scape slender, puberulous ; raceme 5 -lo-fid.; bracts as
Obtuse We ort pedicels ; sepals 1 in. long, glabrous, pink ; petals ob ong-ob rate,
White ` White; lip with a subsaccate base containing 2 small forked ca deeg
Prio, lamn very short, rostellar arms subulate ; anther ovate-cordate ; P, Wie
Species vw E Ddicle very short, gland linear.—The specimens are very poor,
" Perhaps better placed in the following section.
**

as iy, A PPendages of column shorter than the short rostellum, rarely

d flabell : bescent, flowers
. ata, Wight Ic. v. 16; scape glandular-pubescent,
"en mbose, limb of lip suborbicular deeply 2-cleft, lobes sub 5-fid,

106 CXLVIII. ORCHIDEZ. (J.D. Hooker.) [Chetrostylis.

appendages of column subspathulate; Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soe. i. 187;
Thwaites Enum. 313 (excl. in both Syn. Zeuxine); Dalz. in Hook, Journ
Bot. iv. (1852) 112; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 271. Monochilus flabellatus,
Wight Ic. t. 1797. Goodyera flabellata, A. Rich in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2,
xv. 79, t. 12.

Buotan HIMALAYA, Grifith. TENASSERIM, Parish. The Concan, Dalzel,
Ninouigri Hut, alt. 6000 ft., Wight, Ze, CEYLON; Ambagamowa district,
Thwaites, Beckett. ,

Stem sometimes moniliform below as in C. pusilla, but stouter. Leaves 4-3 0
petioled, ovate, acute. Scape 6-8 in.; sheaths and bracts loose, acuminate ; flowers
2-10, white, glandular-pubescent, perianth hemispheric ; petals linear-oblong, falcate;
sac of lip cymbiform, with 2 calli within ; base hairy, claw short with 2 green spots 5
column very short, appendages subterminal and rostellar arms both subspathulate;
anther with a dilated membranous tip; pollinia pyriform, subsessile on the elongate
lanceolate gland.

6. C. pubescens, Parish & Reichd. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 141;
scape pubescent, limb of lip 2-lobed, lobes subquadrate crenate, appendages
of the column cuneately obovate much shorter than the subspathulate
arms of the rostellum.

TENASSERIM ; at, Moulmein, Parish.

Stem stout, ascending. Leaves 11-3 in., ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate;
petioleslender. Scape 3-6 in.; sheaths and bracts lax, acuminate; raceme 3-10-fid.;
perianth j in. long; sepals connate to the middle; lip with a small concave 3-nerved
base, lateral nerves with one slender callus; claw rather broad ; anther truncate
Capsule i in., pyriform, pedicelled.

91. ZEUXINE, Lindi.

Terrestrial herbs; stem creeping below. Leaves membranous. Flowers
small, spicate. Sepals subequal, dorsal concave, cohering with the petals;
lateral free. Lip inferior, adnate to the base of the column, cymbiform or
saccate with a shortly-clawed or sessile entire 2-lobed or 2-winged termina
lobe; sac with 2 calli or spurs near the base within. Column very short,
2-keeled or -winged in front; stigmatic lobes 2, marginal, distant; anther
membranous, cells contiguous ; pollinia pyriform, attached by an oblong
gland to the erect rostellum with often an intermediate appendage oF a
linear caudicle.—Species about 20, tropical Asia and Africa.

, lrefer to Zeuxine those species of. Hefcria that have large terminal lobes to the
lip. The appendage between the gland of the pollinia and the pollinia itself is à
very curious organ, and its real nature has not been ascertained, whether rostellar 0T
pollinar; it occurs only in some species, and in these under very various forms, s0
that it cannot be relied on as a generic character. It is further so difficult ?

analysis in dried specimens, that much allowance must be made for my description
of 1t.

Sect. 1. EvzEUxINE, Lindl. Leaves sessile, linear-lanceolate.

1. Z. sulcata, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 485; in Journ. Linn. Sos
186; Griff. Notul. iii. 396 ; Te. Plant. Asiat. t. 349 s Blane Orchid Archip.
Ind. 67; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 793. Z. bracteata, brevifolia, & robust
Wight Ic. 1724 bis, 1725, 1726. Z. membranacea, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. 4863
in Journ. Linn. Soc. Le: Blume Orchid. Archip. Ind. 68. Z. Tripleur&
Lindl, in Journ. Linn. Soc. l. c. * Z, integerrima, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. 486;

Zeuxine. | OXLVIH. ORCHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 107

Blume Fl. Jav. 55, $. 19 and 23 C; Orchid. Archip. Ind. 67; Miquel. Le
Z. emarginata, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. l.c. Z. procumbens, Blume Fl. Jav. 56,
t. 22, f. 3 and t. 23 B ; Orchid. Archip. Ind. 68. Tripleura pallida, Lindl.
in Wall. Cat. 7391; Gen. & Sp. 452. Adenostylis emarginata & integerrima,
Blume Bijdr. 414, t. 17. Pterygodium sulcatum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 452.
Corycium ? humile, Herb. Ham. .
Throughout INDIA, in the plains and lower hills, from the Panjab and Scinde to
Assam, CHITTAGONG, and southward to CEYXLON.— DISTRIB. Affghanistan, Java,
China, Philippines. .
Stem 2-16 in., erect, glabrous, leafy to the top. Leaves few or many, 1-2 in.,
erect, acuminate, margins usually recurved. Spike 4-2 in., dense-fid., nearly
glabrous; bracts 3-} in., erect, lanceolate, acuminate, hyaline, 1-nerved ; flowers
white, yellow, or very pale rose; sepals 4 in. long, oblong, obtuse, membranous ;
Petals oblong, obtuse, hyaline ; lip yellow, equalling the sepals, cymbiform, con-
tracted into a short pubescent claw bearing a hammer-headed terminal lobe or 2
small lobes; column short, rostellum short; anther short, ovate; pollinia pyriform,
attached within the tip of a linear appendage of the gland. Capsule ł in. long,
ellipsoid.—The commonest Indian Orchid, very: variable in size. The tall form, Z.

membranacea, has large flowers, and may prove distinct, but there appears to be many
intermediate forms.

Sect. 2. Moyocuitvus, Wall. (Gen.). Leaves ovate.—All scapigerous.
* Claw of terminal lobes short with involute margins.
T Terminal lobe of lip very small, entire or subentire.

2. Z. goodyeroides, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 486; leaves ovate
green with a median pale stripe, spike nearly glabrous, lip cym ilu
terminal lobe orbicular or oblong concave membranous. Monochilus
galeatus, Lind], in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 187. l

we TERN HIMALAYA; from Sikkim, alt. 6-8000 ft., to Mishmi, Griffith, Se,

U, Kurz in Herb. Calcutt. .

tem 2-4 in. Leaves 1-14 in., sessile or shortly petioled, obtuse acute or niine
nite, sheaths short, Scape 3-6 in., slender; spike lax-fld.; bracts eda

è glabrous ovary ; sepals } in. long, dorsal ovate, acute, lateral lanceolate l-nerved ;
Petals falcate, very obtuse ; lip wholly included, coriaceous, with 2 short spurs
Within; rostellar arms small; stigmatic lobes distant; pollinia pyriform, attached Dy
* slender caudicle to the oblong gland.

3. Ze reniformis, Hook. f. Jc. Plant. ined.; leaves approximate
ovate-lanceolate acuminate, scape short pubescent, bracts longer t lud d
Pubescent Ovary, sepals ovate 3-nerved subacute glabrous, lip if ed,
e hemispheric with 2 toothed calli within, terminal lobe reniorm

Date,

PERAK, Scortechini. .
peti tem 6-10 in. below the leaves. Leaves 2-31 in., membranous, pase pent
b tole + in, slender, sheath short inflated. Scape 2 in.; spike abou obtuse,
Tacts 2 in., lanceolate, hyaline; sepals } in. long, membranous, ovate, ,

S-nerved ; Petals $ in., orbicular, long-beaked, 3-nerved ; limb of lip with 2 small

appendages at the base; column 2-winged in front; rostellar arms longs fleshy,
aped; entis lanceolate; pollinia pyriform attached separato Y ith the
bag arge cuneately quadrate horny appendage which is continuo
gular gland, margin of gland and appendage recurved.
t Terminal lobe of lip 2-winged. i t
4. Z. longilabris, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii. 600; spike pubescent,

108 CXLVIII. ORCHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Zeusine.

lip much longer than the sepals, wings of terminal lobe elongate toothed.
Monochilus longilabre, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 487; in Journ. Linn.
Soc. i. 186. M. affinis, Wight Ic. t. 1728 (not of Lindl.).

Assam, LOWER BENGAL and CHITTAGONG, Clarke, WESTERN GHATS; in the
S. Concan, Stocks, and Travancore, Wight. CEYLON, in the drier parts of the
island, Macrae, Thwaites.

Leaves 1-1 in., near the base of the short stem, shortly petioled. Scape very
slender and elongate, lax-fld. ; spike glandular-pubescent ; bracts about equalling the —
ovary ; sepals } in. long, broad, obtuse, green; lip twice as long, sac with 2 spurs
within, wings toothed on the outer margin, variable in breadth ; anther beaked;
pollinia clavate, adnate for about two-thirds of their length to the linear appendage
of the gland.

5. Z. regia, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii. 000; leaves ovate-lanceolate
with a median pale stripe acute, spike pubescent, sepals and petals with
recnrved tips, lip rather longer than the sepals, wings suborbicular oF
cuneiform. Monochilus regium, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 487.

CEYLON; damp woods in the Central Province, ascending to 4000 ft.,
Macrae, &c.

Stem slender, elongate. Leaves 14-21 in.. dark green, variable in breadth ;
petiole and sheath short. Scape 3-5 in.; spike few-fld.; bracts as long as the
ovary; sepals 4 in. long, very obtuse; lip with a short saccate base; anther broadly
ovate, beaked ; pollinia clavate, pendulous from the small oblong gland, append
ages 0.

6. Z. nervosa, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii. 600; leaves broadly ovate
acute, sepals ovate obtuse tips straight, spike pubescent, lip rather longer
than the sepals. wings cuneate. Monochilus nervosum, Wall. in Lindl.
Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 487; in Journ. Iinn. Soc. i. 187. Eteria nervosa,
Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7381.

Stxxim HIMALAYA, alt. 2-4000 ft, J. D. H. SILHET, Wallich, CABAE
Keenan. BENGAL; at Comilla, &c., Clarke. .

Stem rather stout. Leaves 1-2 in. Scape 2-5 in., stout or slender; spike
1-8 in., lax or dense-fld. ; bracts equalling the ovary ; sepals i in. or less, green OF
purplish ; anther didymous, apiculate ; pollinia and their appendages as in Z. rent
formis.—The Ceylon habitat cited by Thwaites is an error.

7. Z. flava, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii. 600; leaves ovate acute, spike
glabrous or pubescent, flowers very small, lip shorter than the sepals,
wings broadly obovate or hatchet-shaped. Monochilus flavum, Wall. ™
Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 487; in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 187. Etzria flava
Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7350 A, B.

Nepat, Wallich. Assam, Griffith ; on the Naga hilis, Prain. TENASSERIM,
Helfer, Griffith. CEYLON ; Central Province, alt. 3000 ft., ZUhwaites.— DISTE!P-
Java, Borneo.

Stem usually elongate, slender. Leaves 1-1} in., usually scattered, petioled oT
not; sheath usually much inflated, hyaline. Scape 8-6 in., very slender; spike
1-14 in., lax-fld.; bracts usually exceeding the ovaries; sepals 35 in., obtuse ; lip
included, sac with 2 long spurs within; anther ovate-lanceolate; pollinia
subglobose, attached by a simple candicle to the lanceolate gland.— Much the smallest
fid. species. A drawing in Herb. Peradeniya represents the flowers as white wit
a red lip.

8. Z. affinis, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii. 600; leaves ovate or ovate
lanceolate, spike and ovaries pubescent, lip longer than the sepals, wing?

Zeuxine.] CXLVIII. oRCHIDES. (J. D. Hooker.) 109

obovate-oblong or subcuneate. Monochilus affine, Lindl. Gen. & Sp.
Orchid. 487 (excl. hab. Courtallum). Etæria affinis, Lindl. in Wall. Cat.

7983. E. flava, Wall. Cat. 7380 C. Ætheria mollis, Lindl. in Journ.
Linn. Soc. i. 184.

Sikkim HIMALAYA ; in the Terai, Gamble. Kuasta Hinrs, alt. 5000 ft., Griffith,

_ BURMA; at Taong Dong, Wallich. TENASSERIM; at Moulmein, Lobb,
Parish, PENANG, Maingay.

Very like Z. flava, but the flowers are much larger, and much more numerous,

the sepals 4 in. long, and the pollinia are pyriform, attached by an elastic caudicle
to the oblong gland.

9. Z. abbreviata, Hook. f.; leaves lanceolate acuminate, bracts
ovate-lanceolate shorter than the slender erect glabrous ovaries, sac of lip
with 2 lamellæ on the midrib and 2 large calli on each side, wings of
terminal lobe obliquely ovate subacute entire. Etæria abbreviata, Lindl.
in Wall. Cat. 7385; Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 491 (Aitheria). E. lanceolata,
Reichb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 142. Dossinia lanceolata, Lindl. in
Journ, Linn, Soc, iii. 186.

Zero, Wallich. Kuasta Hrs, alt. 4-5000 ft., J. D. H. & T. T.

Whole plant 1 ft. Leaves 2} in., many nerved; petiole 4-2 in. Spike puberu-
90$ ; sepals pink, broadly ovate, acuminate ; petals semi-orbicular or lunate ; column
Qui 2 membranous wings on the face; rostellum very short, 2-fid.; anther ovate,
Tee: pollinia elongate, clavate, lamellate down to the large gland.

** Claw of terminal lobe of lip slender, not margined.

10. Z. moulmeinensis, Hook. f.; slender, leaves elliptic, spike
glandular-pubescent few-fld., bracts ovate-lanceolate shorter than the
Stender glabrous ovaries, sepals and petals aristately acuminate, sac of lip
ade globose didymous with 2 large calli within, claw straight rigid, lobes
yarrow ly falcately cuneate lacerate. Etæria moulmeinensis, Par. & Reichb.
:™ Trans. Linn, Soe. xxx. 142.

TENASSERIN ; at Moulmein, Lobb, Parish. . 2.
Tem slender, with the spike 12-18 in. Leaves 2-3 in., elliptic, acute or

soc inate, membranous ; petiole 1 in., slender. Spike 2-3 in., few-fid. Aen
secund, spreading ; ovary slender, 4 in. long ; sepals membranous, 1-nerved, dorsa
ovate, lat

“teral much broader; petals broadly dimidiate ovate with recurved points ;
ci E lip with caruncled callous sides, sub- 4-celled by imperfect transverse and one
de dinal Septa, claw slender pubescent, lobes divaricate as long as the rest of t e
roep amn very short and stout with projecting cheeks on the anterior face;
the lant short, 2-fid; anther short, ovate, obtuse ; pollinia pyriform, attache
Stand by very short caudicles.— Possibly a Cystorchis.

es longifolia, Hook. f.; tall, ver robust, leaves large lanceolate
Annie Spike elongate TM many-Hd., rachis puberulous, ` bracts
acu: T than the long slender glabrous ovaries, sepals and petals arista ` y
witht, lip very broad saccate, sac with trapeziform sides two carne es
"1 towards the base and a flattened uncinate one on the midrib, claw
Wad the lobe narrow rigid, wings flabellate lacerate. Hetæria longi-
Ling Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xviii. 346. Rhomboda longifolia,
l in Journ, Linn, Soc, i. 181.

Bee Hi .
MALAYA; in lower valleys, J. D. H.
by 113 Procumbent at the base, as thick as a swan’s quill, branched. Leaves. 6-8
in, ; flow, Many-nerved, midrib stout; petiole 1-1} in.; sheaths short. Sp
Wi

“rs very obliquely gibbous, not secund; bracts ovate-lanceolate; ovary

110 CXLVIIL. ORCHIDE F. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Zeusine.

% in., very slender upwards; sepals 1-nerved, dorsal ovate, lateral triangular-lanceo-
late ; petals semi-lunate with long points; lip when spreed out subtriangular, trenes
in front with the stout straight stiff claw projecting from between the lobes T
bearing 2 wings; column very large, holiow, broadly truncate, almost cupular, wit
2 cuneate ridges down the face, a very small rostellum, and a small stigmatic lobe on
each side; anther sunk in the column, lanceolate; pollinia narrowly clavate.—À
very singular plant.

92. HYLOPHILA, Lindl.

Terrestrial herbs; stem elongate, creeping. Leaves petioled, obliquely ovate
lanceolate. Flowers small, spicate, subglobose; perianth horizontal, con-
nivent. Sepals acuminate, dorsal with the petals forming a hood ; lateral very
broadly ovate, concave. ` Petals faleate or subspathulate. Lip a subglobose
sac contracted at the mouth, with a very small linear blade, and 2 glands
within near the base. Column very short, appendages 0 or minute; stigma
prominent, frontal under the very long forked rostellum ; anther elongate,
cells short ; pollinia shortly caudicled.—Species 2, Malayan.

l. H. mollis, Lindl. i» Wall. Cat. 7396; Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 490;
leaves flat acuminate, bracts subulate, sepals A in. long pubescent. Blume
Orchid. Archip. Ind. 115, t. 35, 36 F.

SINGAPORE, Wallich. Matacoa, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 5337). PERAK, Bot
techini.—DisTRIB. Sumatra.

Caudex flexuous, roots very thick, Leaves 3-4 in., black when dry, base unequal,
acute, Scape 8-12 in., very slender, sheaths 4 in., scattered, subulate; spike 4-6 10.5
bracts 4 in., equalling the flowers; sepals 3-nerved; petals falcately lanceolate,
acute.

2. H. lanceolata, Hook. f.; leaves caudate-acuminate, margins
waved, bracts lanceolate, sepals 4 in. long nearly glabrous. Dicerostylis
lanceolata, Blume Orchid. Archip. Ind. 116, t. 38, f. 1.

Perak, Scortechini.—DisTRIB. Java. Qo rel

A much stouter plant than H. mollis; leaves larger, 4-5 in., petiole 1 in»
brown when dry; scape in the only specimen seen much shorter and stoute",
bracts broader and more concave, flowers twice as large, ovary twisted, Wm
5-nerved, petals dimidiately obovate, 3-nerved. Column with a minute subula
process on each side below the stigma.

93. GOOD Y ERA, Br.

Terrestrial leafy herbs; stem short, or elongate and creeping below:
Leaves subradical, petioled. Flowers small, in often twisted spikes. Se?
subequal, dorsal erect, concave, forming a hood with the narrow petas
lateral free, erect or spreading, covering the sac of the lip or not. Lip m
ferior, sessile at the base of the column, entire, cymbiform or subsaccaté
usually acute, naked or setose within. Oolwmn various, top cupiat
stigma broad, anticous; rostellum erect; anther-cells distinct; poli?
granular, caudicled or not, pendulous from the rostellar land, Sne,
25, temp. and trop. Europe, Asia, N. America, N. Caledonia, and t
Mascarene Islands.

* Stem tall, stout, 18 in.-2 ft. Leaves large, suberect, petioled, lance
late or elliptic lanceolate acuminate——The species of this group are H
allied inter se, agreeing only in stature.

Goodyera. | OXLVIII. ORCHIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 111

l. G. procera, Hook. Exot. Flor. t. 39; spike dense-fld., flowers
minute, lip saccate softly setose within and with 2 large calli within the R
tuse recurved tip column very short, anther obtuse. Lindl. Gen. & Sp.
Orchid. 493; in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 183; Don Prodr. 98; Wight de.
1.1720. G. carnea, A. Rich. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2, xv. 80. Cionisaccus
lanceolatus, Breda Orch. Kuhl et Hassk. t. 1. Cordylestylis foliosa, Fal-
coner in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. (1842) 75. Neottia procera, Ker in Bot. Reg.

t. 639.—Leucostachys, Hoffman Preisverz. Orch. 1842, ex Linnea, xvi.
Littlb. 934

TROPICAL HIMALAYA, alt. 1-3000 ft., from Garwhal to Upper Assam, the
HASIA and Naga Hrs, and Pereu. NILGHIRI Hrs and MALABAR GHATS,
Wight, CEYLON, ascending to 4000 ft.—Disrris. Java, China.

Root of thick tufted fibres. Stem 10-30 in., usually many-leaved. Leaves
4-8 by 1-2 in., thick, petiole very stout. Spike 3-8 in.; rachis glabrous or pube-
scent; bracts equalling the subglobose whitish fragrant flowers, which ot 1s m.
diam, ; Sepals broadly ovate, obtuse, l-nerved; petals spathulate; lip not longer

than the column; pollinia broadly pyriform, sessile on the gland. Capsule 3 in.
fusiform,

2. G. rubens, Blume Orchid. Archip. Ind. t. 9 C, D; spike rather
lax-fd., lip saccate beaked densely clothed within with soft tubercles or
short setæ, column long slender, anther lanceolate, pollinia powdery nar-
rowed into one slender caudicle.

PERAK ; upper part of the Batang Padang Valley, alt. 2000 ft., Wray.—
Disrers, Java, Philippines. u d petiole

abit and foliage of G. procera, but leaves obliquely elliptic-lanceolate and pe a i
wore slender, Scape sheathed ; spike 4-5 in. ; rachis bracts and buds pubescent ;
racts lanceolate, longer than the brownish-pink flowers ; sepals 4 in. long, I$
Rerved, dorsal oblong-lanceolate, lateral broader below, not covering the me e
`P, which is shorter than the column ; column keeled in front; rostellar arms arge,
rect, stigma at their base very large orbicular; caudicles of pollinia as long ^ e
b vate body. —A remarkable plant, with the exposed sac of the lip of CystorcAts,
t all other characters of Goodyera except the very long column.

3. G. fumata, Thwaites Enum. 314; spike rather lax.-fld., lip con-
ae thomboidly orbicular caudate-acuminate glandular within column
clavate, anther ovate subacute.

ÜEYLON; in the Central Province, rare, Thwaites.

l Three feet high and very stout. Leaves many, 6-10 by 3-4 in., obliquely elliptic;
prceolate ; petiole 2-4 inj, stout. Scape stout and spike glandu apu MM
Weg Shorter than or equalling the greenish-red flowers, lower sometimes elongate;
ant in. long, ovate, acute, L-nerved; petals dimidiate lanceolate, ac minares
li 3 "Ip as broad as lohg, many-nerved, abruptly contracted into a re
‘Bulate tail; column almost funnel-shaped, rostellar beaks short.

* Stem

t

telo Lip smooth channelled or lamellate within, but with no hairs or sof

i - d vate-
4-8 in., rarely more. Leaves 1-2 in., usually rosulate, o
nceolate.

1G. re ] 98 ; leaves ovate acute

` *eDens, Brown in Hort. Kew, Ed. 2, v.1 E €
portly petioled, spike secund pubescent, bracts equalling or exceeding the
short > liP. ventricose shortly beaked channelled within, SCH Here
ai Ap ate. Lindl. Gen, & Sp. Orchid. 492 ; in Journ. Linn. Doc. 1. ;

* de. Fl. Germ, xiii. t. 482; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. iv. 86; Boiss. Fl. Orient.

112 CXLVIII. oROHIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [Goodyera.

v. 90. G. marginata, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7394; Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 493;
in Journ. Linn. Soc. Le, Satyrium repens, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1339.

TEMEPRATE HIMALAYA, alt. 8-11,000 ft., from Simla eastwards to Sikkim.—
Distris. Europe, N. Asia, N. America. .

Stem 4-8 in. Leaves dark grey or mottled with paler, j-lin. Spike 1-4 in,
often twisted, sometimes almost glabrous; flowers whitish; lateral sepals } WM»
ovate, acuminate, 1-nerved,, dorsal narrow; petals linear, falcate ; rostellar arms
short ; pollinia small, pyriform, sessile on the small gland.

5. G. fusca, Hook. f. Ic. Pl. ined.; very robust ; leaves radical broadly
ovate, spike secund pubescent, bracts exceeding the flowers, lip deeply sat-
cate with a decurved beak strongly ridged within, column very short,
anther very small stipitate didymous. Mtheria fusca, Lindl. in Jourm
Linn. Soc. i. 184. Cystorchis fusca, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii. 599.

SUBALPINE HIMALAYA; Harung, Munro; Garwhal, alt. 13,000 ft., Duthie;
Sikkim, in the inner ranges, alt. 12-14,000 ft., J. D. H.

Roots densely tufted. Stem 6-12 in., often as thick as a swan’s quill. Leaves
revolute, 1—14 in., subacute, coriaceous ; petiole very short and broad. Spike vety
many- and dense-fld.; sepals 4 in., obtuse, dorsal narrow, l-nerved, lateral ovate-
oblong, sub-3-nerved ; petals gibbously falcate; sac of lip protruding beyond the
base of the sepals, 5-7-ridged within ; column broad, rostellar arms subulate ; anther
apiculate.—Closely allied to G. repens, though much larger. Besides differing ™
habit and locality it wants the calli in the lip of Cystorchis, under which gen"
see observation.

6. G. recurva, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 283; leaves linear
lanceolate acute, spike secund sharply deflexed glandular-pubescent, bracts
filiform exceeding the small flowers, lip deeply saccate, beak nearly stralg

5-ridged within, column with long slender rostellar arms, anther act-
minate.

D or HILLS, Lobb; at Moflong, alt. 6000 ft.. on mossy trunks, J. D. H.

Stem 4-6 in., sheathed by the leaves, suddenly decurved at the top, so that the
spike is pendulous. Leaves 2-3 by 4-4 in., thick, acute, nerveless, not reticulate,
narrowed into the broad petiole. Spike 3 in. long; flowers completely secun"?
sepals } in. long, l-nerved, acuminate, dorsal ovate-lanceolate, lateral broader,
falcate ; petals obliquely linear-lanceolate ; lip rather longer than the column, tip
obtuse. Capsule pedicelled, ellipsoid, 1 in. long.

7. G. Prainii, Hook. f. Ic. Pl. ined.; leaves ovate acute, spike secund
recurved glandular-pubescent, bracts lanceolate equalling the flowers, ip

cymbiform obtuse lamellate within, column with long rostellar arms, ant er
acuminate.

Naca HILLS in Upper Assam; on Pulinabadya, alt. 7200 ft., Prain. l

Very near G. recurva, but the leaves are 1-11 in., ovate and strongly reticulatel
nerved, the spike recurved, but not deflexed, the sepals are broader, the lateral no
falcate, and: the lip is less saccate.

8. G. gracilis, Hook. f. Ic. Pl. ined.; leaves few petioled elliput
ovate, stem very slender nearly naked, spike short puberulous, bra¢
shorter than the flowers, lip straight oblong concave beaked below the
emarginate tip, with two large calli at the base within, and a very thic
channelled lamella on the disk, column short, rostellar arms slender.

PERAK, Scortechini.

Whole plant 8-10 in. high ; stem slender, with 2-3 distant lanceolate sheaths

Goodyera.] CXLVIII. ORCHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 113

Leaves 1-11 in., obtuse or apiculate, nerves obscure, not reticulate, margins minutely
crenulate. Spike 1-1 in., few-fld., twisted; flowers crowded ; sepals 4 in. long,
linear-oblong, obtuse, 1-nerved ; petals linear, nearly as broad as the dorsal sepal ;
lip nearly as long as the sepals, narrow, margins incurved, very thick ; rostellar
arms slender; anther lanceolate, pollinia narrow, sessile on a long gland.—In a
drawing of this by Scortechini corresponding to his specimens the leaves are repre-
sented as more ovate, acute and strongly crenate.

tt Lip within setose and tubereled.

9. G. foliosa, Benth. in Herb. Kew; stem with an elongate decumbent
base leafy to the tip, leaves petioled ovate-lanceolate, spike glandular-
pubescent, bracts much exceeding the flowers, sepals }-} in. 3-nerved, lip
saccate, beak rather dilated, base within copiously setose, column short,
Tostellar arms very long slender, anther lanceolate. , Georchis foliosa,
Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 496. G. secundiflora, Griff. Notul. ii. 393
(exel. Plate).—Goodyera sp. Griff. It. Notes, 36, No. 591; Notul. iii. 396,
No. 11; Ie. Pl. Asiat. 346, È 1.

_ SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt, 5-6000 ft., J. D. H., &c. Assam, the KHASIA and NAGA
Ads, ascending to 5000 ft., common. BunMa, Griffith. PERAK, alt. 7000 ft.,
ray.

Stem 6-12 in., rather slender. Leaves 14-24 in., oblique, acute, green, 3—5-
nerved, not reticulate ; petiole 4—2 in., sheath short. Spike 2-3 in.; bracts $-$ Lala
‘arly glabrous; flowers pink; sepals ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, 1-nerved ; petas
dimidiate-oblong, as broad as the dorsal sepal, 1-nerved ; pollinia with slender unite
caudicles.— Distinguished from all others of this section by the elongate and leafy
stem, except G, vittata, which has a glabrous spike.

10. G. secundiflora, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 182 (exel. cit.
Grig. Notul. in part & Te); leaves few subradical ovate acute, mottled with
white, spike glandular-pubescent lax-fld. secund, bracts shorter than t e

Owers, petals oblanceolate, lip saccate sparsely setose within, beak s or
lamellate in the disk, column short, rostellar arms slender, anther ovate

le I “iff, Notul. ii. 992; Ic. Plant. Asiat.,
t. 347, f. 2 Goodyera sp. No. 6. Griff. Notul, iii

Kuasta Bras, alt, 4-5000 ft. Grigith, Ze, MUNNIPORE, alt, 9000 ft., Watt.
—Disrere, China (Herb. Lindl). Leaves

fem strict, with spike 6-10 in., subtomentosely glandular above. | eana
"H, rarely elliptic, acute, petiole 4-} in. Spike 2-3 in.; flowers all Pam ch
Pubescent, White; sepals l.nerved, lateral }-} in. long, ovate, acute, dorsal mu

sultower ; petals subfulcate, crenate on the outer edge, l-nerved; lip setose on the
Nerves within. "

ll. G. robusta, Hook Ic. Plant. ined. ; very robust, leaves sub-
Dol ovate-lanceolate A spike glandular-tomentose lax-fld., bracts
eet han the secund flowers, petals spathulate, lip saccate Sparse y
a the Within, beak short lamellate in the disk, rostellar arms slender,
uther lanceolate.

HASIA HILLS alt. 4000 ft. J. D. H. 4 T. T. .
losely allied to G. secundiflora, but tudo times the size, and very robust, 15 m
, including the spike, which is 7 in. long; the leaves are 3-4 in. long,

coloured the la : lawed, gibbously
’ teral sepals 4-4 in. long, aud the petals are clawed, gi 3
die and acute. Named d Lindley G. secundiflora; but I think it quite

2. € vitt ; : leaves sub-
: . ata, Benth. in Herb. Kew; quite glabrous, t
M orate acute dark green with white nerves, bracts about equalling

114 CXLVIII. ORCHIDE®. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Goodyera.

the flowers, lip saccate long-beaked setose within, beak 2-lamellate on
the disk. Hook. f. Ic Plant. ined. Georchis vittata, Lindl. in Journ. Linn.
Soc. i. 184.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 6-9000 ft., J. D. H. t

Stout, 4-6 in. high, leafy nearly up to the spike. Leaves 14-3 in., fleshy, dar
green above, purplish beneath. Spike 2-8 in.; flowers subsecund; sepals 3-nervel,
white with pink tips, lateral ovate acuminate, dorsal oblong-lanceolate ; petals oblan-
ceolate, faleate, 3-nerved; lip 7-nerved, acuminate; columnar arms elongate, sub-
ulate; anther ovate-lanceolate; pollinia with short caudicles and a long gland.—
The only perfectly glabrous Indian species of this group.

13. G. hispida, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 183; leaves subsessile
ovate-lanceolate acuminate, spike and flowers hispidly glandular, bracts
shorter than the small flowers, lip saccate shortly obtusely beaked sparsely
setose within. Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined.

Knasi1A Hitts, at Churra, alt. 4000 ft., J. D. H. & T. T. .

Described from a solitary specimen, by Lindley, who observes its similarity to FA
repens, except in the larger leaves, but who does not appear to have examined t
lip, which differs from that of repens in the setose sac. It is nearer G. secundifiora.
— Whole plant only 5 in. high. Leaves 2 in., whole-coloured, not reticulate; spike
twisted ; flowers white; sepals l-nerved, lateral i in. long, ovate-oblong, obtuse ;
petals oblong-lanceolate, nearly straight, 1-nerved ; columnar arms subulate ; anther
lanceolate ; pollinia narrow, with short caudicles and a large gland.

14. G. cordata, Benth. in Herb. Kew; leaves subradical ovate:
cordate, spike puberulous few and lax-fld., bracts shorter than or equalling
the large suberect flowers, lip rhomboid-ovate obtuse many-nerved setos?
at the subsaccate base within. Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined. Georchis cordata
Tindi. Gen & Sp. Orchid. 496 (excl. habitat); Reichb. f. in Gard, Chro*

879, ii. 520.

Kuasta Hints, alt, 3-4000 ft. J. D. H. $/ T. T. Upper Assam; in the Natt
Hiris, Prain. ? PERAK, Scortechini. .
Rather slender, 6-12 in. high. Leaves 11-23 in., variable in depth of basal sinus
acute; petiole 3-4 in., slender. Spike 4—8-fld.; flowers pubescent; sepals 4 in. Jong,
8-nerved, subequal, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse; petals dimidiate-obovate, 9-3-nervedi
column stout, with projecting cheeks; rostellar arms and anther very long ap
slender; pollinia slender, with long slender connate caudicles.— The largest flow”

Indian species, except G. biflora. Inthe Perak specimen the front row of set? within
the lip are clavellate.

15. G. biflora, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined.; stem short stont leafy, let
ovate, spike 2—4 fid. pubescent, bracts slender shorter than the very larg?
secund flowers, sepals narrow, 3-nerved lateral cuneate at the base, lip Säi
cate at the base with a long recurved beak, sac setose within. Georch
bifora, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7379; Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 496.

TEMPERATE WESTERN HIMALAYA, alt. 4-6000 ft. Nepal, Wallich; Garwht!
Edgeworth ; Simla, Gamble. Race!

Stem 2-3 in., leafy. Leaves 1-2 in., obtuse or subacute, petiole }—4 in.
hardly exceeding the leaves, rachis stout ; bracts 1 in.; sepals 1 on Adeni narrow’
lanceolate recurved, lateral nearly straight; petals linear, falcate, 3-nerved ; p

with a setosely 5-nerved base, beak twice as long as the sac, margins membran
waved; column concave in front, rostellar arms and anther very long and dei
Capsule nearly 1 in. long.

94. HETZERIA, Blume. (ETÆRIA).
ZETHERIA, Endl. tbe
Characters of Goodyera, but lip usually superior, and adnate tO

Good yera..] CXLVIII. ORCHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 115

sides of the column, and stigma with 2 lateral lobes.—Species about 13,
Indian.

l. H. Gardneri, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii. 604; tall, slender, leaves
elliptic acute, spike very long glandular pubescent, bracts equalling he
very small flowers, petals linear-spathulate, lip saccate membranous M
afew small calli on the nerves within. Rhamphidia Gardneri, Thwaites,
Enum. 313.

CEYLON; in the Central Province, Walker, &c. . .

Stem 12-20 in., stout and leafy below. Leaves 2-4 by 13-2 in., often oblique,
3-nerved, membranous; petiole 3-1 in., sheath large, short. Spike 4-10 in., ve Y
many-fld.; flowers hardly secund; bracts } in.; sepals $ in. long, obtuse, s lo x
ovate l-nerved, lateral oblong 3-nerved; petals linear-spathulate, 1-nerve d
cymbiform ; column very short, stigmatic lobes large, lateral ; rostellar arms d
anther short, pollinia subglobose, each caudicled.—Thwaites describes the lip
With a very few short hairs within.

2. H. ovalifolia, Benth. in Gen. Plant. ii. 164; slender, leaves
elliptic acute, spikes elongate glandular-pubescent, bracts. exceeding ne
Very small flowers, petals obovate-oblong, lip saccate tip obtuse: -

thed, nerves with tooth-like calli towards the base. Goodyera ova S olia,
Wight, lc., t. 1730. Rhamphidia ovalifolia, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soe. i.
181 (exel, habitat).

MALABAR ; at Courtallam, Wight.
ery near to H. Gardneri, but smaller, 10-14 in. long, leaves the same, bracts
rather longer, Flowers tinged with pink; dorsal sepal broadly ovate, o tuse,
“herved ; lateral oblong, 3-nerved ; column very short, stigmatic lobes marginal,
very large; rostellar arms minute, pollinia as in H. Gardneri.—Lindley in Journ. MIN
` Whilst wrongly ascribing a Sikkim specimen of H. rubens to this, rightly
describes the lip as A. 94.

?. H. rubens, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii. 164; tall, leaves elliptic
pute, spike puberulous, bracts equalling or exceeding the flowers, ne 2b

mmer-shaped, lip subhemispheric with a small transverse termina b
and a Jagged callus on each side towards the base within. Hoo dus
Plant. ined, Rhamphidia rubens, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. .

rte rubens, Lindl. in Gard. Chron. 1854,87. Goodyera, No. 4, Griff.
otul. iii, 390,

vas DE EnrAzAYA, alt. 1500-3000 ft., J. D. H., Clarke, Assaw, Mann, UPPER
ep Griffith (Kew Distrib., 5341 and 5342). "EM
ther stout, 10-18 in. high. Leaves 4-5 be 13-2 in., as in ovalifolia, reticulately
in the Sikkim specimen ; flowers twice as large, greenish-purple ; sep

l-nerved b : ide; lip short, terminal
» broadly ovate; petals cla ved, very gibbous on one side; lip short, .
we Sometimes 2-fd ; column, very short indeed, with two small wings in front;

TT OVate-cordate ; pollinia pyriform, subsessile on the gland; stigmatic lobes
86 rostellar arms very short,

HE: Helfe j : der, leaves elliptic, spike
` ri, Hook. f. Ic. Plant ined. ; slender, e
Prberulous twisted, bracts Troster than the flowers, petals linear ere
membranous cymbiform acuminate with a few fleshy cilia on ea
ards the base within,

Trv Assgp rr Misses Ei
3 es Eider Islands, Helfer. m-
branou. 6-10 in. with the raceme.” Leaves 3-4 in., acute, many nerve ual,
mme: e 3-6 in.; bracts narrowly lanceolate; sepals } in. 2 Es branou
dE: obtuse, bairy, l-nerved ; lip small; column short with 2 m
» and very short rostellar arms ; anther ovate-cordate.
12

116 CXLVIII. ORCHIDEH. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Goodyera.

5. H. elongata, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7384 (Eteria); Gen. 4 Sp,
Orchid. 494; tall, slender, leaves petioled oblong subacute, scape an
elongate lax-fld. raceme and flowers laxly tomentose, bracts shorter than
the erect ovary, sepals oblong obtuse, petals broadly obliquely obovate
apiculate, lip cymbiform acute 5-nerved, nerves with 1-2 soft pn
towards the base. Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined. Goodyera? elongata, Lindi.
Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 494.

MALAY PENINSULA, Herb. Finlayson. .

Stem with scape and racemes 18 in., lower half leafy. Leaves 2-3 in., mem
branous, lower obtuse; petiole 4-3 in., slender; lower sheaths hyaline, infla "
Scape with distant lanceolate sheaths; raceme 4 in. ; bracts 4 in., lanceolate ; Sams
4 in. long; lip superior, membranous, adnate to the sides of the column; co aie
short, flat, without wings or membranes in front, as long as the sepals; stigmat!
lobes lateral; rostellar arms subulate ; anther ovate-cordate ; pollinia subglobose,
caudicles as long slender, gland rather large, oblong.

a

6. H. elata, Hook. f. Ic. Plant ined.; spike dense-fld., flowers minute,
lip minute hemispheric, base within with 2 large calli on each side and Mer
a thickened incurved transverse fold towards the apex which is tipped Wi

a small orbicular membranous appendage, column very short, anther
obtuse.

PERAK, Scortechini ; or Batang Padong, alt. 4900 ft., Wray. "

Habit of Goodyera procera, but petioles more slender, flowers rather sma `
lateral sepals more acute, petals broader, denticulate, and lip very different ; column
very short and broad, with short distant subacute rostellar arms, and two margini
stigmatic lobes.—The structure of the fleshy lip which is only A in. long 18 difficu
to make out, it is no larger than the column.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.

H. ANOMALA, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 185; leaves ovate acute, spike few
fid. and flowers hispidly hairy, sepals ovate-oblong, petals linear-spathulate very
narrow, sae of lip with 2-3 cellular flattened crenate calli, terminal lobe transverse
white wings subquadrate. Goodyera, Griff. Notul. iii. 394.

UPPER Assam in the Tingree Tea forests, Griffith. cts

A foot and a half high. Leaves petioled, 5-nerved. Buds posticous; Wi,
ovate-lanceolate pubescent, longer than the ovary ; sepals greenish-brown, with w%
tips, hispid with reflexed hairs; lip continuous with the base of the short colum>
which has a membranous tooth on each side, an anticous stigma, subulate roste
arms, and with a crested cellular process in front towards the centre ; anther OY*
fleshy ; pollinia narrow, slender, sectile, sessile on the lanceolate gland, grains € s
gate scale-like.— Description from Griffith, who adds a notice of deformities of t
column, the stigma being posticous, i.e. facing the anther, &c.

95. APHYLLORCHIS, Blume.

_ Terrestrial leafless herbs, caudex tuberous (or of fascicled fibres P) ; t€?
simple, sheathed. Flowers small, racemed orsubspicate. Sepals subequá»
free, erect or spreading. Petals narrower. Lip sessile or shortly claw’
at the base of the column, as long as the sepals; base 2-auricled or not,
blade oblong, entire or 3-lobed. Column rather long; stigma short, ovate,
concave; anther shortly stipitate, cells contiguous; pollinia reniform.—
Species 5? Indian and Malayan.

* Flower buds straight.

_ 1. A. montana, Reichb. f. in Linnea, xli. 57; sepals and petals
linear-oblong obtuse, lip narrowly obovate-oblong contracted beyond *

Aphyllorchis.) ^ otemt ORCHIDES. (J. D. Hooker.) 117

mille, and side lobes rounded at the base, claw short broad with 2

linear-calli tip obtuse thickened. Apaturia montana, Thwaites Enum.
301 (not of Lindl.).

? Kuasra Mrs., alt. 3500 ft., and SIEKiM HIMALAYA, Griffith. CEYLON; Am-

gamowa district, rare, Thwaites. . .

Stem 2 ft., with 8-10 loose stout basal sheaths, and a few distant higher up ;
yellowish tinged with purple. Raceme 4-8 in., lax-fld.; bracts }-2 in., lanceolate,
acuminate; pedicel with ovary 2-1 in.; sepals 3-2 in., and petals straw-coloured,

and tips purple ; lip broader than the sepals, base contracted into Jr " -
Ste short claw, nerves with diverging nervules; column very slender.— m no
ent character whereby to separate the Sikkim and Khasia specimens, but these

Tare quite insufficient for identification.

2. A. Prainii, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined.; sepals and petals linear-
oblong obtuse, lip ovate, claw saccate with two falcately ovate acute
Wing-like auricles,

Naca Hiris; Prain
, Te like 4, montana in size, habit, and inflorescence; distinguished by the
Winged claw of the lip. I have seen but one specimen.

3, A. t vaginata, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined. ; stem stout clothed with
lax obtus

e sheaths, lip sessile lanceolate acuminate.
Kuasta Hrrzs ; at Mamloo, in woods, alt. 5000 ft., J. D. H. & T. T. few.fld.:
b tem 6 in,, stout; sheaths } in., loose, membranous, obtuse. Raceme SÉ ds
wets large sheathing ; flowers subsessile, erect, about ł in. across, dingy M onder
adr ovate, obtuse, 3-nerved ; petals lanceolate, acuminate, 1-nerved ; lip than in
the the sepals, as long, with no vestige of claw or caruncle; column shorter P this
other species or the germ, acuminate.—I have seen but one specimen ol
WR plant which differs from its congeners in the sessile lip and shorter column,

wets are young, and too much confidence must not be placed in the diagnosis.
* Flower buds decurved.,
£ A. pallida, p/ j 7 id. Archip. Ind. 59, t. 13, f. 1
. ume Bijdr. t. 77; Orchid. Archip. . ^
"d D.; sepals and petals faleate claw of lip with large oblique auricles,
ee 9-lob '
nc

led ed, base cordate, side lobes oblong, midlobe oblong obtuse

t tar, Scortechini, in rocky places, alt. 800-1000 ft., King’s Collector, alt. 3900
, Roget DISTRIB, Java. d otted
vith d of long tomentose fibres, Stem 12-18 in., rather flexuous, slender, ien
TOWD-pink ; sheaths few, obtuse. Racemes 2-6 in., lax-fld. ; bracts curved,
3 pedicel erecto-patent, with the ovary }—} in ; flowers iin. long, concave ;
Petala e Ish-pink, Spotted with dark brown; sepals linear-oblong, obtuse anther
idymo 8 Tongly falcate, l-nerved; lip recurved; column subclavate;
75; pollinia (Ie. Scortechini) pyriform (in Ze. Blume, reniform).

96. CRYPTOSTYLIS, Br.

Dee herbs; caudex short, stout. Leaves basal, long petioled

en cape leafless. Flowers loosely racemed * rip superior,

t, nhequal, and petals very narrow, widely spreading Emn con-

tracte anceolate rom à broad base which embraces the co Wë

broad, quove it, entire. Column very short; stigma stont; ollinia
hick, erect, acuminate; anther obtuse or acuminate; P

118 OXLVII. ORCHIDEE, (J. D. Hooker.) [ Cryptostilis.

pyriform, free, or fixed to the rostellum.—Species 7, Indian, Malayan, and
Australian.

C. Arachnites, Blume Orchid. Archip. Ind. 132, t. 45. Zosterostylis
Arachnites, Blume Bijdr. 419, t. 32. Z. zeylanica, Lindl. Gen. & Sp.
Orchid. 446; Thwaites Enum. 312. Z. Walker, Wight Ic. t. 1748 f. 4.

Knasia Hirs, Griffith ; at Churra, alt. 4500 ft., Clarke. PERAK, Scortechini, Ae,
Prnane, Hullett. CEYLON, Walker, ascending to 4000 ft., Thwaites.— DISTRIB.
Java. . un

Root of long fleshy tomentose fibres. Leaves 1-3, all radical, 3-6 in., elliptic
or elliptic-lanceolate, acute, many-nerved and trabeculate, primary nerves 3 i
distinct ; petiole rather longer, embraced at the base by membranous sheaths. Scape
8-18, slender; sheaths acuminate. Raceme 4-8 in.; bracts convolute, acuminate,
equalling the ovary; pedicel with ovary decurved ; sepals 1-3 in., greenish, acuminat?
margins revolute; petals rather shorter, reflexed ; lip as long as the petals, abe
nate, purple, mottled. Capsule } in., ellipsoid.—There is some little difference in the
breadth of the lip between the Ceylon and Malayan forms, broader in the former,
but I do not find that organ to be pubescent in either, or in the Khasian.

97. CORYSANTHES, Br.

Very small, terrestrial, 1-leaved, 1-fld. herbs. Leaf suborbieuls:
Flowers large, red-purple. Dorsal sepal faleate; laterals and petals D4
form, or petals 0. Lip large, erect, base tubular, dilating into a broa
reflexed toothed or fimbriate limb. Column short, erect, 2-winged at M
tip; stigma broad; anther erect; pollinia oblong, free or sessile on the

rostellum. Capsule erect on an elongate pedicel.—Species about l^
Australian and Malayan.

1. C. picta, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid., 394; lateral sepals and petali
much longer than the dorsal sepal, limb of lip broadly obovate eros?
puberulous within. Blume Orchid. Archip. Ind. 174, t. 64 f. 1. Calcear?
picta, Blume Bijdr. A17, t. 33 right-hand figure.

PERAK; near the top of Tambak Batak, Scortechini.—DISTRIB. Java. + ath

Stem 1-2 in., base scaly. Leaf terminal, ovate, deeply cordate, acumina?
margins waved. Flower sessile, bracts $ in., subulate-lanceolate ; dorsal sepal WI?
a long claw, margined with white, and a broad deep violet cuneate emarginate h

lip strongly recurved, claw embracing the column produced and 2-fid at the ke
limb reflexed deep violet.

2. C. fornicata, Lindl. Gen. $ Sp. Orchid. 394; lateral sepals and peta!
shorter than the dorsal sepal, limb of lip flabelliform with many roug?
short ridges. Blume Orchid. Archip. Ind. 175, t. 64, f. 2. Calcear
fornicata, Blume Bijdr. 417, t. 33, left-hand figure.

PERAK, Gunong Enar and Tambok Balak, Scortechini.—D1ISTRIB. Java. Je;

Stem 4-2 in. Leaf 4-3 in., ovate-cordate, margin not waved. Flower sente,
bracts $ in., subulate-lanceolate; claw of dorsal sepal 3 in., blade. spathua
5-ribbed, rose-coloured ; lip with a long erect convolute tube produced into tw? T ;
at the base, and erose recurved glabrous ribbed limb marked with short blackish pt

rugose concentric nerves that end abruptly at the same level towards the claw, de
do not reach the margin. |

98. POGONTA, Grif., Sect. NERVILIA.
Terrestrial tuberous l-leaved herbs, leafing after flowering. Leaf ww

Pogonia.] OXLVIII. ORCHIDER., (J. D. Hooker.) 119

broadly cordate or orbicular, strongly plicate. Flowers solitary, few, or
many,racemed, horizontal or pendulous. Sepals and petals subequal, narrow,
connivent or widely spreading. Lip inferior, adnate to the base of the
column, sessile or sub-clawed, usually narrow, entire or 2-fid or 3-lobed;
‘pura very short sac. Column elongate, tip clavate, stigma oblong or
broader; rostellum Short; anther substipitate; pollinia 2 or 4. Capsule
erect or pendulous.—Species about 30; of Sect. Nervilia about 12.

The above characters apply exclusively to the section Wervitia, (genus of
Gandichaud), to which all the Old World species of Pogonia belong; and which all
flower before leafing. All the other species, except one Japanese, are New World,
and their flowering stems bear leayes.—The species are very difficult of analysis

erbarium specimens, but I have been greatly aided by the drawings in
kac Kew, and those of Herb. Calcutt., kindly lent by Dr. King. All want
on.

* Stem 1-3./td,

LP, plicata Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 415; leaf orbicular-cordate .
biy, stem 1-8-fd,, lip embracing the column, tip dilated 2-lobed.
dc, plicata, Roxb. FU. Ind. ii. 454. Arethusa plicata, Andr. Bot.

» t. 92].

Loss BENGAL, the Concan & MYSORE, Roxburgh, Ze, . :
er globose. Leaf 2-4 in. diam., very many-nerved; petiole 1-3 in., often
TUty-purple or brown, Flowering stem 4-6 in. ; bracts small; flowers 13 in. diam. ;
and petals widely spreading, narrowly oblanceolate, acuminate, greenish ; lip
embracing the column, sides convolute, whitish or rose-coloured, tip pink,—Roxburg
es and figures the tuberiforous suckers propagated from the apex of the petiole
under the surface of the soil.

D P. bifora, Wight. Ic. 7399; leaf unknown, stem 2-8d, lip
Yate obtusely 3-lobed about the middle, embracing the column.

MALABAR; in the Wynaad jungles, Jerdon
uber globose. Flowering p 2-4 in.; bracts slender; flowers 1j in. diam. ;
l and petals narrowly oblanceolate, white; lip pink, contracted at the base, side
simi] rounded, midlobe emarginate crisped.— Amongst Parish’s drawings is one o a
A Moulmein plant in flower only, with red-brown stem, pink sepals an
and a more clavate column than in Wight’s figure.

fo P. Juliana, Wall. Cat. 7399; leaf ovate-cordate glabrous, stem
column, with 2 narrow faleate side lobes near the base which embrace the

its Ki BI a longer rhombic-lanceolate acuminate midlobe which is hairy
gg e. Hook.f. Te, Plant. ined. Epipactis Juliana, Roe’. PI. Jnd. ii

NE (Ic. in Herb, Calcutt.). SILHET, Clarke. Lower BENGAL, Roxburgh,
; in the Doombera district; Thwaites. tole
lower; Leaf 2-3 in., 5-7-nerved, green or purple beneath ; pe iole
tal; Geng stem 3-6 in, ; bracts ensiform ; flower about 23 in. diam. ; sepals ane
in rrowly oblanceolate, acuminate, green; side lobes of lip white mi ope
Plant (P. white mottled with pink, —Amongst Parish’s drawings is one of a 1 ou 1 n
chi pro Par. mss.) like juliana, but with purple-green sepals and petals, an

h :
Ypochile longer than £he epichile; it is in flower only.

4p vel . . 142:

i Utina, Par. & Reichb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Xxx. 142;

tat iers. velvety on ho f surfaces, stem 2-fld., lip shorter
è Sepals embracing the column oblon g-ovate obtuse.

ABSERIM ; at Moulmein, Parish,

120 CXLVIII. ORCHIDEA. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Pogonia.

Leaf 5-6 in, diam., many-nerved, rust-coloured; petiole very short. Flowering
stem 4-12 in.; bracts very small; sepals and petals 13 in. long, narrowly lanceolate
dirty purple; lip ventricose towards the middle, flushed with pink, with two r
purple branching nerves down the middle; column gibbously clavate.

5. P. macroglossa, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined. ; leaf unknown, stem

1-fld., lip longer than the sepals embracing the column strap shaped
obtuse.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA; in hot valleys, J.D.H.; at Tumlong, alt. 6500 ft., Clarke.

Flowering stem 3-6 in. ; bracts small, slender ; sepals 1-14 in., linear-lanceolate,
acuminate, white flushed with pink; lip 1} by Y in., of the same breadth from the
rounded base to the rounded apex, except across the very small side lobes that
project beyond the middle, nerves very slender; there is an appearance of lines 0
roughness on each side of the midrib opposite the side lobes. Column very slender,
tip clavate.— Near relutina, but very distinct in the rather broader sepals, and shape
of the remarkable lip which exceeds the sepals.

6. P. maculata, Par. & Reichb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 148;
leaf orbicular-cordate glabrous, stem 2-Hd., lip shortly spurred at the Kg
embracing the column ovate-lanceolate 3-lobed about the middle woolly
within. Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined.

TENASSERIM ; at Moulmein, Parish. t
Leaf about 2 in. diam., about 13-nerved, green with a black-purple spot a
the base of each fold beyond the middle; petiole 2-3 in. Flowering stem 5-6 M.,
slender; bracts minute; sepals and petals $ in., narrowly oblanceolate, green;

lip equalling the sepals, yellow green with dark green veins; column rather
slender; anther purple,

** Flowers racemose. Bracts elongate, linear-lanceolate, reflexed.

7. P. Gammiena, Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 6671; leaf orbicular- or ovate-
cordate acuminate glabrous, margin waved, sepals and connivent petals
spathulately oblanceolate acute, lip saccate at the base, hypochile narrow
much longer than the orbicular waved hairy epichile.

TROPICAL HIMALAYA ; from Garwhal, Falconer, &c., to Sikkim, Gammie, &e.
Leaf 6 in. broad and less, many-nerved, pitted between the folds ; petiole 4-10 n»
stout. Flowering stem 3-12 in., stout; bracts 3-4 in., reflexed; sepals and petals

1 in. long, conniving, concave, pink ; lip greenish-white or yellowish, as long as the
sepals.

8. P. Scottii, Reichb. f. in Flora, 1872, 276; leaf large reniform
many-nerved glabrous, flowering stem tall stout, sepals and petals connr
vent linear-lanceolate acuminate, lip subclawed, base saccate, 3-lobed about
the middle, side lobes obtuse, midlobe suborbicular velvety. ? Pogonm
No, 2, Griff. Notul. iii. 377 ; Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 945.

Sikkim HIMALAYA; at Darjeeling (ev Reichb.). CHITTAGONG; at Seetakoond
(Ic. in Herb. Calcutt.). ? Burma, Griffith. .

Leaf 8 in, diam., abruptly acuminate, green, margin subundulate; petiole 12 m.,
very stout. Flowering stem dark brown, with raceme 18 in. ; bracts 2 in., reflexed ;
flowers horizontal, almost geniculate with the decurved ovary ; sepals and petals iin,
connivent, dull green with red nerves ; lip as long, yellow-white with purple nerves;
top of column hairy on the back.—Lindley refers Griffith’s plant to P. carinata, but
the saccate base of the lip, and flowers set on at an angle with the ovary

rather indicate P. Scottii. These characters are not, however, shown in Griffith's
drawing.

Pogonia. | CXLVIII. ORCHIDE®. (J. D. Hooker.) 121

„ > P. carinata, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 414; in Journ. Linn. Soc.
i, 45 (erel, syn. Griff); leaf orbicular or cordate 7-9-nerved glabrous,
sepals and petals narrowly oblanceolate acuminate, lip 3-lobed about the
middle pubescent, side lobes very short, midlobe broadly ovate acute
crenate, nerves rectangular. ? Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 270. Epipactis
annata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 452.

tts oF INDIA; from Rohilcund to Lower Bengal, and the DECCAN PENINSULA.
s Aurz.

Leaf 13-23 in, diam., cuspidate, not waved ; petiole 1-2 in. Flowering stem with
raceme 6-12 in., green ; bracts 4 in. ; sepals and petals 1 in., green; lip not saccate
at the base, white with red or purple veins.—I am unable to discriminate satis-
factorily in Herbarium specimens of the flower (carefully moistened and laid out)

tween this and flabelliformis.

o P. flabelliformis, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7400; Gen. & Sp.

chid. 415; in Journ. Linn. Soe. iii. 45; leaf large orbicular-cordate many-
erved, lip 3-lobed about the middle, side lobes obtuse, midlobe ovate acuté
isped and hairy. P Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FI. 270. P. Nervilia, Blume
) us, Bot, i, 32, ` p. carinata, Wight Ie. t. 1720. Nervilia Aragoana, Gaud.
" Freye, Voy, Bot. 422, t. 35.

; TRopicay, HIMALAYA ; from Garwhal, alt. 4-5000 ft., Falconer, &c., eastwards.
L ASSERIM, Parish. —lisrRrs. Marianne Islands, Timor. .
“74-10 in. diam., cuspidate, margin waved; petiole 4-8 in, Flowering stem
Ceolate, *j raceme lax-fld. ; flowers pale green; sepals à in. long, linear-lan-
Pew acute ; petals rather narrower, obtuse ; lip shorter than the sepals, like that
leaf: neta, but white, and glabrous.—Differs from carinata in the many-nerved
by Parish gwers are not readily distinguishable in dried specimens. In a drawing
sh the lip 18 represented as saccate at the base, truncate at the apex, with
specimen qp dial nerves meeting in the apex, and many red side nerves, In his
as in cap e tip of the lip varies to rounded, the side lobes are rounded, not acute
tnata, and its nerves are not rectangular but ascending.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES. bint
1, Griff. Notul. iii. 376 ; stem 4 in. 1-fld., flower in. long,
Ke i laneeolate im pale purplish-brown, petals narrower, lip white 3-
4 an Obes Tounded -oblong denticulate, midlobe obovate crisped pubescent white
the middle q veined with purple and with 2 green veins and a yellow-green crest from
of Violets, ownwards, margins papillose.—Fields at Suddyah, in Upper Assam, sme

Pocorta No,

99. DIDYMOPLEKIS, Grif.

(Levcorcuis, Blume.)

SI " .
eet VI (parasitic P) leafless, tuberous herbs. Scape simple, flexuons ;
orsal ang mall, racemed ; pedicels greatly elongate in fruit. Sepals

n i
àt entire Petals connate forming a 3-fid upper lip, lateral connate into
com? or 2-fid lower lip, forming a small Pontum with the foot of the
entire, inel P Inserted on the short foot of the column, very short, broad,
winged bé » base and disk with small calli. Column long, narrowly
Pollinia ve and 2-toothed ; stigma broad; anther low, shortly stipitate ;
d 8, Ini orm, bipartite, 42 ^ Capsules very long pedicelled.— Species

“an, Malayan and Pacific.

122 CXLVIII. oROHIDEZ, (J.D. Hooker) ` [D/dymeplezis.

D. pallens, Grif. in Calcutt. Journ. Nat. Hist. iv. 389, t. 17;
Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xx. 911, t. 28; Kurz in Seem. Journ. Bot. 1866,
40 (excl. Syn. Epiblema & Gastrodia). Leucorchis sylvatica, Blume Mus.
Bot. i. 31; Orchid. Archip. Ind. 147, with woodcut. Apetelon minutum,
Wight Ic. t. 1758. Arethusa ecristata, Griff. Notul. iu. 378; Ic. Plant.
Asiat. t. 349, 344, A. bengalensis, Hort. Bot. Cale. Epiphanes pallens,
Reich. f. in Seem. Fl. Vit. 296.

Lower BENGAL; from the foot of the Sikkim Himalaya to Calcutta. KURG;
in bamboo jungles, Jerdon. PERAK, Scortechini, Wray. .

Root branching and tuberous; stem 4-6 in., sheaths loose. Racemes terminal,
4-8 fid. ; bracts broadly ovate; flowers shortly pedicelled, dull yellow-white, perianth
} in. diam. subcampanulate ; dorsal sepal ovate, obtuse, hooded ; petals shorter an
broader than the dorsal sepal, truncate, 3-nerved ; lateral sepals united to the middle,
free portions obtuse ; lip stipitate, transversely or obcuneately oblong, membranous,
with 3-median nerves between which the disk is papillose. Capsule 1-14 iv., erect,
fusiform, pedicel 3-8 in.—Ridley l.c. distinguishes his D. pallens from Blumes
sylvatica by the entire lower lip of the latter, overlooking Blume's woodcut of the
sylvatica, which represents it as 2-lobed.

100. GASTRODIA, Zr.

Terrestrial leafless brownish tuberous herbs; stem erect, sheathed.
Flowers in lax racemes. Sepals connate with the petals into a ventricose
5-lobed tube slit anteriorly. Lip short, base adnate to the foot of the
column and to the perianth, blade entire. Column usually long, narrowly
2-winged, foot short or 0; rostellum small; stigma prominent; anther

tumid; pollinia ecaudate, free.— Species 7, Asiatic, Malayan 4?
Australasian.

1. G. orobanchoides, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii, 617 ;' lip adnate to
the tube of the perianth with a short sessile ovate obtuse free plane bla "
Hook. f. Ic. Plant. t. 1852. Gamoplexis Fale. in Royle Ill. 364; Lindl.

Gen. & SP Orchid. 384; G. orobanchoides, Fale. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 35

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, alt. 7-8000 ft., from Kashmir to Garwhal, Falconer,

Root a large oblong or ellipsoid annulate tuber, parasitic by a small fibrous base
to roots. Stem 10-24 in., usually very stout; sheaths short, loose, truncate. Racemé
loosely many-fld.; bracts oblong, acute, variable in size; flowers suberect, pedicels
short; ovary turgid ; perianth 3-2 in. long, ventricose, base gibbous, lobes very short
obtuse, sepaline rather longer than the petaline; lip longer still, sessile, ovate;
obtuse, recurved. Capsule $ in., erect, turgid.

2, G. elata, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 174; Orchid. Archip. Ind. 149
t. 53; claw of lip adnate to the perianth and furnished with a pair of large
fleshy prominent calli, limb free ovate-oblong.

J Cuumst ; a Tibetan province east of Sikkim, King’s Collector, —DISTRIB. Obina,
apan. .

Habit, inflorescence and flowers of G. orobanchoides, but differing in the lips
the adnate claw of which has an almost reniform callus on each side, whereas in the
first-named species the position of the claw on the perianth is marked by two
thickened lines. The Chumbi specimen is a bad one, but having examined gon!
flowers of it and of the Japan plant, I have no reason to doubt their identity.

Gastrodía.) OXLVIII. ORCHIDE®. (J. D. Hooker.) 123

3. G. javanica, Endl. Gen. Plant. 212; lip free from the tube of the
Perianth, blade broadly hastately cordate with „two thickened ridges
on the disk. Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 384; Thwaites Enum. 311; Blume,

Orchid. Archip. Ind. 145; Mus. Bot. ii. 175. Epiphanes javanica, Blume
Bijdr. 421, t. A

CEYLON ; near Ratnapoora, &c., Thwaites. 2. .

I have seen no specimen of the Ceylon plant, only the copy of a drawing in the
Peradeniya Garden, kindly made for me by Thwaites, but it gives no analysis. This
"presents a slender plant with few flowers, an almost globose perianth divided to
about the middle, and not representing a specimen of what may be the Javan
Plant in Herb. Kew collected by Lobb.

4. G. ?Hasseltii, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 175; Orchid. Archip. Ind.
145, t. 52, f. 5-8; stem 6 in. rather slender, flowers few broadly campanu-

te in. long, lip quite free, claw slender, limb suborbicular with a broad
truncate tip,

PERAK, Ie, Scortechini.—D1sTRIB. Java.

. Without specimen either of Blume's or Scortechini's plants identification is
impossible,

5. G. exilis, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined.; very slender, flowers minute,

lip free sessile by a very small point ovate with 2 long wing-like lamellze
on the middle of the disk.

Kuasa Mrs, ; at Amwee in grassy places, alt. 8000 ft., J. D. H. § T. T.

Tuber i4 in., oblong ; stem 6-12 da filiform. Racemes few and lax-fld. ; bracts
ovate ; flowers (with ovary) 4-} in. long, erect, whitish; perianth cylindric, very
shortly 5-lobed ; Sepaline lobes broad, obtuse; petaline much smaller, rounded,
riate (or glzndular) ; lip as long as the column, membranous, faintly 5-nerved,
Tounded; column acutely toothed at the truncate top. Capsule (unripe)

m, fusiform,—A very singular species ; difficult of analysis after having been dried.

100/1. YOANIA, Mazim.

À low stout leafless h i llate sheaths. Flowers race-
erb; stem with cucullate she
TE and stoutly pedicelled. Sepals oblong, obtuse, fleshy. Pets
roadly ovate, Lip sessile at the foot of the column, very shortly 4 awe d
jyabitorm, obtusely apiculate. Column short, broad, margine , m -
d side lobes erect ; stigma concave, transverse ; ant er etl
gland. ' celled; pollinia 4, pulpy, sectile, attached in pairs to

hé Japonica, Mazim. in Bull. Acad. St. Petersb. xviii. 68; Mel.
LU 647; Benth. in Hook, Ic. Pl. t. 1364. 4
pop UNNTPORE ; crest of Bareil range (S. W. of Japoo), alt. about 7000 ft., and on
ma, Prain.—Disrrin, Japan. 3-6 in., tortuous
e “White, glabrous. Rootstock stout, branched. Stem 3- ill; sheaths
tin vnnipore plant, erect in the Japanese, as thick as a RT, dicel with
. Y rounded ; raceme short, 4—6 fld. ; bracts like the sheaths He lip very
dée? Sepals 2 in. long, and oblique obtuse petals many-net ; `
wie? clawed, almost hemispheric, with T thickened apex and axis, e 2-31 in
long puthin the lip and four strong flexuous nerves on each side. Capsu e mE
the » Stoutly pedicelled, erect, narrowly fusiform, ribs very stout. Bree abruptly
S are sometimes curved, and the margins of the lip appear to be

124 OXLVIII. ORCHIDEZ, (J. D. Hooker.) ( Yoania.

thickened towards the tip, I find nothing to distinguish this from the Japan plant;
the column and anther are identical; I failed to find pollen. The flowers, black
when dry, are so fragile that I had great difficulty in making out their structure.

101. EPIPOGUM, Gmelin.

Terrestrial leafless brownish herbs; root tuberous or coralloid; stem
erect, sheathed. Flowers laxly racemed. Sepals and petals subequal, free,
narrow, erect or spreading. Lip sessile at the base of the column, superior
or inferior, ovate, entire or 3-lobed, spurred, base broad, disk with rows of
papille. Column short, foot 0; stigma broad, prominent ; anther thickened,
dorsally 2-celled; pollinia 2, separately attached by a filiform strap toa
small gland.— Species the following.

1. E. aphyllum, Swartz Summ. Veg. Scand. 1814; root branching,
column cylindric, spur very large as long as the superior 3-lobed lip
inflated incurved, Palmstr. Svensk. Bot. t. 512; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 93;
Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. xiii. t. 468; Nees Gen. Fl. Germ. Monocot. iii. No. 28.
E. Gmelini, Richard Orchid. Europ. Annot. 36; Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid.
383; in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 176 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4821. Satyrium Epipogium,
Linn. Syst. Veg. 676; Jacq. Fl. Austr. t. 84.

WESTERN TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, alt. 6-8500 ft., Kashmir, Clarke; Simla, `
Thomson ; Garwhal, Duthie.—DistriB. Europe, N. Asia.

Stem 4-8 in., often very stout and swollen at the base; sheaths 1-2, short,
appressed, truncate or obtuse. Racemes 3-6-fld. ; bracts large, membranous, oblong;
obtuse or acute ; flowers pale yellow or pinkish, spotted, ovary turgid ; sepals jm
long and subequal petals lanceolate, margins involute ; lip oblong, whitish, with lines
of red glandular warts, lateral lobes small, very variable in size; spur obtuse.

2. E. nutans, Reichb. f. in Bonpland. 1857, 36; root an oblong
tuber, spur straight shorter than the inferior entire lip. Lindl. in Journ.
Linn. Soc.i. 177 ; Benth. Fl. Austral. vi. 308 ; E. roseum, Lindl. Le, Galera
nutans, Blume Bijdr. 415, t. 3; Mus. Bot. ii. 187; Orchid. Archip. Ind.
139, t. 52 & 54 E; G. rosea, Blume Mus. Bot. 188, & Orchid. Archip. Ind.
139; Podanthera pallida, Wight Ic. t. 1759. Ceratopsis rosea, Lindi. Gen.
& Sp. Orchid, 383. Limodorum roseum, Doa Prodr. 30.

TROPICAL HIMALAYA; Nepal, Wallich; Sikkim, in hot valleys, J. D. H.
Clarke. KmHasrA Mrs., alt. 6000 ft., Mann. DECCAN PENINSULA, in the W ynaad,
Jerdon. CEYLON, TAÀwaites.—DisTRIB. West Africa, Java, Australia.

Root like a small potato. Stem 4-8 in., stout or slender; sheaths several, short,
inflated, truncate. Racemes few or many-fld.; bracts large, membranous, oblong,
acute ; flowers pale yellow or pinkish white, speckled or stained with pink; sepals and

petals narrowly lanceolate, 3-3 in. long; lip entire, disk with 2 or 3 glandular
ridges.

102. CEPHALANTHERA, Richard.

Terrestrial herbs, leafless and tuberous rooted, or with leafy stem and
fibrous roots. Leaves sessile, plicate. Flowers suberect, spiked or
racemed. Sepals and petals subsimilar, free, conniving. Lip included,
erect from the base of the column, hypochile concave or saccate embracing
the column, epicbile short. Colwmn semi-terete, rostellum short or 0b80-
lete; stigma anticous; anther erect; pollinia 2, 2-partite. Capsule erect.
—Species about 10, north temperate regions.

Cephalanthera.] tem. omoHipEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 125

C. ensifolia, Richard Orchid. Annot. 29; leaves ovate or lanceolate,
bracts of the upper flowers much smaller than the almost glabrous
ovaries, Kageeg triangular obtuse ó-ridged. Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid.
412; in Journ. Linn. Soc.i.172, 175; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 85. C. Xypho-
phylum, Reichb. Ie. FI. Germ. xiii. t. 470. C. acuminata, Lindl. in Wall.

Cat.7405 ; Gen. & Sp. Orchid. l. c.; Wight Ic. t. 1721 ; Dene. in Jacquem. Voy.
Bit. 164, t. 104.

Tome eg HIMALAYA ; alt. 6-12,000 ft., from Kashmir to Bhotan.—DISTRIB.
trope, Western Siberia, and from Afghanistan to Northern Africa.

tstock creeping ; stem 6-18 in. Leaves lower lanceolate or oblong, acute or

$5 upper linear. Raceme laxly 6-20-fld., glabrous; bracts ovate, acute; flowers

ob in. ‘ong, white or lip spotted with yellow ; sepals lanceolate, acute ; petals elliptic,
tuse; ridges of lip crested.

SPECIES UNKNOWN TO ME.
C. Tuomsont, Reichb, Jf. in Linnea, xli. 54; a span high, leaves (of C. grandiflora)
"Mg acute, upper linear-lanceolate, bracts linear-lanceolate, lower much longer
the flowers, sepals oblong-ligulate acute, petals narrower, lip expanded at the
into a very short conical sac trifid, side lobes broadly ligulate crenulate, midlobe
ates verse With a deflexed apiculus, keels two in theentire base lamellate, with
0. Pigs papilla between the posticous laciniw.—Sikkim, T. Thomson., 1857.—
dini ʻata, Boiss, Held, differs in the shorter hypochile with short quite entire
Wie the median nerves of the epichile keeled to the tip, in the keels not
from Kei and in the conico.cylindrie spur being thrice as long.—(The above is
à C Sec I have examined no Cephalanthera answering to the descrip-
Reichenboct , am informed by King, is there any in the Calcutta Herbarium, whence
ch’s specimens must have been sent to him.)

103. BPIPACTIS, Br.

itr 3 leafy erect herbs. Leaves sessile, plaited. Flowers racemose,
létyed *; Practs long, leafy. Sepals and petals broad, acuminate, strongly-
Seat 52, Sessile on the base of the column; hypochile concave or
anticons ? Pichile contracted at the base, entire. Column short; stigma

ini ; rostellum broad, prominent ; anther erect, obtuse, cells contiguous ;
mispherg, Partite, gland globose.—Species 8 or 10, of the temperate N.

Lindley (;

-aey (in Jou ; © ae) 2. 33 Tr he Himalayan

Species to rn. Linn. Soc. i. 172) is disposed to refer all the Himalay
States of E, latifolia, in which Í do not concur.

l. `
deeg latifolia, Swartz in Act. Holm. 1800, 232; flowers subsecund
Morter ovat nearly so, lip short, hypochile subglobose, epichile as long or
Boiss, pj'5e.cordate, base with 2 calli. Lindl. Gen. & Sp.. Orchid. 461;
tabya, LAT V. 87; Reichb. Te. Fl. Germ. xiii, t. 134-136. E. macro-
Dalhousie. Wight Te o 7404; E. consimilis, Don Prodr. 28. E.

M

Kei? iH IMALAYA, from Kashmir, alt. 6500-10,000 ft. to Sikkim, alt.
Stem wet ^ ISTRIB, Europe, N. Africa, N. Asia to Japan.

Eier to oy te Stout, puberulous above. Leaves 3-5 by 2-8 in., usually from

H in, diam ate-lanceolate rarely lanceolate, often with ciliolate margins, flowers

"hite op purpl in often crowded bractate racemes green variegated with yellow
Var, raven Weeer very short. , a Pd

la ? Smaller, leaves elliptic acute, raceme dense-fld., flowers à in.
h. Orig as P * greenish white, E, herbacen, Lindl. in Royle Ill. 868; Gen. §

=h estern Himalaya,

126 Cem, ORCHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Epipactis.

Var. Thomsoni ; small, slender, leaves lanceolate recurved margins quite glabrous,
raceme lax-fld., flowers 1 in. diam. quite glabrous. E. macrostachya, Wight Ic. t.
1722 (not of Lindl.)— Western Tibet, alt. 10—11,000 ft., Thomson.—Wight does not
know the origin of his specimen, which is a very bad one. 2v

Var. intrusa ; very: slender, leaves few small, flowers few very distant, epichile
without calli. E. intrusa, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 175.—Sikkim, alt. 11,000
ft., J. D. H. This is hardly more than a starved state of E. latifolia, with which it
grew.

2. E. consimilis, Wall. Cat. 7403 (not of Don); raceme lax-fid., flowers
large pubescent or tomentose, lip nearly as long as the sepals, hypochile
narrow oblong, epichile longer lanceolate inflexed at the base then re-
curved. E. veratrifolia, Boiss. & Hohen. Diagn. Ser. 1, xiii. 11; Boiss. Fl.
Orient. v. 87. Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 174. E. amoena, Herb. Ham.

WESTERN TEMPERATE HIMALAYA; from Peshawur and Kashmir to Nepal.—
DISTRIB. westward to Syria.

Stem 1-2 ft., rather slender, pubescent above. Leaves 4-7 in., lanceolate,
acuminate, Raceme lax-fld.; bracts long, rarely short; flowers 1-1} in. diam,
distant, long-pedicelled, pubescent or ovary- tomentose, greenish; column much
longer than in E. /latifolia.—Lindley is no doubt right in referring Don's E. con-
similis to E. latifolia, A drawing by Jerdon of a plant grown on limestone rocks,
overhanging water at Saugor in Malwah closely resembles this.

3. E. Royleana, Lindl. in Royle Ill. 368; Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 461;
in Journ. Linn. Soc. 1.174; raceme lax-fld. puberulous, hypochile large sac-
cate very much broader than the ovate or ovate-lanceolate epichile.
americana, Lindl. in Ann. Sc. Nat. iv. 385; Gen & Sp. Orchid. 462.
gigantea, Dougl. mss. in Hook. Fl. Bot. Am.ii. 290, t. 209. Cephalanthera
Royleana, Regel in Act. Hort. Petrop. vi. 490 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 89.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA ; from Kashmir, alt. 7000 ft. to Sikkim, alt. 8-12,000
ft.—DisTRIB. Samarcand ? N. America. .

Stem 1-2 ft. Leaves from lanceolate to orbicular, 4—7 by 1-1} in., margins
eciliolate. Raceme 6-10 in.; flowers distant, 1 in. diam., green with a yellowish
(or reddish ?) lip; bracts long, lanceolate.—The very broad strongly many-nerv
hypochile, broader than long, with rounded erect sides, are unlike any other species
but E. americana, which I suspect is the same, and if so, the latter is the earliest
name. Lindley’s description is taken from a very bad specimen, in which the
epichile is constricted in the middle, probably by accident, as this organ contracts
much in drying. Regel cites Lindley’s Epip. Royleana for his Ceph. Royleana, and
gives Samarcand as a locality.

Tribe IV. OrpHrypEx. (See Vol. v. p. 673.)
104. ORCHIS, Linn.

Terrestrial erect leafy herbs, with entire oblong or palmately lobed
tubers. Leaves sheathing, not plicate. Flowers racemed or spicate. Sepa
free, subequal, lateral spreading, or conniviug in a hood with the petals and
dorsal. Petals usually smaller. Lip shortly adnate to the column
spreading or pendulous, spurred, entire or 3-lobed. Column very shorts
rostellum cupular or saccate; anther adnate to the face of the column:
cells parallel or converging below; pollinia 2, caudicles adnate to 1 oF
glands, which are concealed in one pouch formed by the rostellum.— Species
about 80, of north temperate regions, and the Mascarene Islands.

With the exception of O. latifolia, I do not feel confident that the species here

Orchis.] OXLVINT. ORCHIDE®. (J. D. Hooker.) 127

below referred to Orchis are referable to that genus. This is owing to my inability to

‘termine satisfactorily in specimens that have been pressed, the structure of the
minute rostellum, and its relation to the glands of the pollinia. Moreover, as stated
under Habenaria, Y have in various minute flowered species of that genus been
unable to determine whether the glands are hidden between folds of the rostellum,
or are covered by pouches or a flap of that organ. Careful drawings of the column
sad anther, and a comparative study of the extra Indian species are wanted, in order
to describe them with accuracy.

| Ov latifolia, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1334; tubers palmate, leaves erect
oblong linear-oblong or lanceolate, spike cylindric dense-fld., bracts green
p mmate usually much exceeding the flowers, lateral sepals ovate reflexed,
ip oblong or rhomboid crenate entire or very obtusely 3-lobed sides de-
sred, spur stout equalling or shorter than the ovary pendulous. Boiss.
li, t. v. 71; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. xiii. t. 50. O. latifolia, 8 indica,
ned Gen. § Sp. Orchid. 260. O. Hatagirea, Don. Prodr. 23; Wall. Cat.

Ta STERN TEMPERATE HIMALAYA; from Nepal to Kashmir, and in WESTERN

Séi alt. 8-12,000 ft. (16,000 ft., Heyde.)—Disrris. Westward from Afghanistan
ee and the Atlantic, N. Asia. .

in E 3 ft., usually fistular, leafy upward. Leaves many, 2-6 in., often spotted

ios Do tip flat or concave. Spike 1-6 in.; flowers about 3 in. from dorsal sepa

Dof lip, dull purple; sepals and petals acute or obtuse; lip spotted with darker

» midlobe small or obsolete; spur straight or curved.—The Himalayan speci-

ve, as far as I can make out from dried specimens, the leaves unspotted and

Linn.) cave, and are therefore referable to the European var. incarnata (O. incarnata,

^» Lindley’s var, indica is characterized as having larger flowers, a rounded

lip shorter than the spur, which is as long as the ovary. Lindley is dis-

in reler some of the specimens from N.-W. India to O. maculata, but the lip

in las, not lobed as in the European plant. 0. latifolia is as variable in India as

equalling + from slender to very robust, with a lax or dense-fld. spike, and bracts

"E to or much longer than the flowers,

ini Os Chusua, Don. Prodr. 93; leaves few linear or inear-lanceolate
Wed A very short, bracts longer than the ovaries green, lateral sepals
obovate VC. much smaller orbicular, lip longer than the sepals broadly
deria Ch obed, Spur as long as the ovary stout cylindric obtuse. Gymna-
Peri, Pus, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7058; Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 280. G.
» indl. in Wall. Cat, 7059.

ben 7 Bn alt. 10-13,000 ft., Kumaon, Duthie; Nepal, Wallich.
ttn, 7 (hie in height and stoutness, 3-18 in., flexuous. Tubers oblong,
formas, Sone 1-3, rarely more, 3-6 by }-% in. almost filiform in very alpine
D in, dude 2-4 in., 2-many.fld.; bracts i-$ in., lanceolate, acuminate; flowers
totter, se 7 White or purple; lateral sepals oblong-lanceolate, suberect ; petals
We sp spreading, oblong, obtuse; lip variable in breadth, often broader than long,
Mte ; spore, Droad, rounded, erose or crenate, rarely oblong with the midlone
bai, thin-walled, slightly incurved, tip sometimes clavate; anther-ce

9. s ; i ical elliptic
nike Pathulata Reichb. f. mss.; leaf solitary radical elliptic,
iue" iat 1 s much larger than the flower, sheaths leafy, sepals
obscura at suberect, lip obovate not longer than the sepals entir
Bed lobe »8pur shorter than the ovary stout. Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined.

“spathulata, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 280. — `

128 CXLVIII. OROHIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Orchis.

ALPINE HIMALAYA; alt. 11-13,000 ft.; Kumaon and Garwhal, Royle, Duthie,
Sixxim, J. D, H. 2. .

Stem very short, sheathed; root elongate, stout, branching into thick fibres.
Leaf 1-3 in, sessile or petioled, obtuse, fleshy, base narrowed. Scape 2-5 in., very
stout, flexuous ; flowers 2—4, dark purple, A in. diam.; bracts $—1 in., ovate, obtuse ;
dorsal sepal ovate, obtuse, lateral oblong, subacute ; petals ascending, elliptic, obtuse;
lip variable in breadth, from elliptic to cuneate-obovate, crenulate, spur variable in
length, stout, obtuse; anther-cells parallel.

4. O. Stracheyi, Hook. f. Ic. Pl. ined. ; leaf solitary radical elliptic
or obovate, spike few-fld., bracts longer than the flowers leafy, sepals
subequal lateral suberect, lip longer than the sepals broadly cuneate
3-lobed to the middle, lobes obtuse, spur as long as the ovary stout
incurved obtuse.

Western HIMALAYA; Garwhal, near Rogile, alt. 11,000 ft., Strachey and
Winterbottom (No. 35 Gymnad. puberula.)

This has the solitary leaf of O. spathulata, and the flowers of O. Chusua, con
it be a hybrid ?

105. HERMINIUM, Linn.

Terrestrial small erect tuberous herbs ; tubers oblong, undivided. Leaves
solitary or few. Flowers small, spicate. Sepals subequal, 1-nerved, free
or conniving in a hood, the lateral spreading. Petals smaller or nearly as
large, often thick and fleshy. Lip continuous with the base of the colum,
shorter or longer than the sepals, broad or narrow, spreading or pendulous,
entire or 2-3-fid, base flat concave or very shortly saccate. Column very
short; stigma 2-lobed or with 2 globose or clavate processes; rostellum
short; anther adnate to the face of the column, cells parallel or slightly
diverging below; pollinia 2, caudicles very short, glands naked, sma
or large, or with each gland and its caudicle sheathed by a conical na
coriaceous extinguisher-like shiny brown appendage.—Species 6 or D
European and N. Asiatic.

There is no character by which Herminium can be distinguished from Habenarit
except that the lip has never a spur, only a gibbous sac. H. fallaw & Duthie
and some other species appear to me to be referable to either genus, but these from
habit and locality I retain here. The glands of the pollinia vary extraordinarily 1
the several species, from small and orbicular, to extinguisher-like bodies, truncate,
hollow, coriaceous, brown, shining, and sometimes split down one side. The caudicle
appears to be inserted at the bottom of this organ, which is a development of the
gland itself; it is exposed at the base of the anther-cell, and like the ordinary gland,
is removable with the pollinium. The Indian Herminia are all mountain or alpine
and attain the greatest elevation of any orchids.

* Lip 3-lobed.

1. H. Monorchis, Br. in Hort. Kew, Ed.2, v. 191 ; leaves 2 rarely ?
linear-oblong, flowers decurved, bracts equalling the ovary or shorter
petals ovate hardly longer than the sepals, lip hardly longer than the sepals
3-fid, lobes narrow. Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 305; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 82
Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ. xiii. t. 415. Ophrys Monorchis, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1342.

ALPINE HIMALAYA and WESTERN TIBET, alt. 10-13,000 ft., from Kashmir H
Sikkim.—Drstris. Europe, N. Asia.

Four to ten in. high; root ellipsoid. Leaves l-4 in, Scape naked, rarely 2
leaved or 1 sheathed ; spike 1-2 in. ; flowers subsecund, A in. diam., yellow-gree? i

llerminium.] OXLVIIL ORCHIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 129

musky at night; sepals and petals subconnivent ; sepals oblong, obtuse; petals un-
equal-sided towards the base, tips fleshy; lobes and lip narrow, base concave ;
mstellum prominent between the base of the anther-cells.

2. H. angustifolium, Benth. mss.; tall, leaves elongate linear, spike
very long slender many-fid., bracts equalling the ovary or shorter, flowers
"tel, petals linear very narrow l-nerved, lip linear equalling the
sepals in length or longer narrow trifid beyond the middle, side lobes
form, midlobe very short. Accras angustifolia, Lindl. in Wall. Cat.
1; Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 232; Bot. Reg. under t. 1525; in Journ. Linn.
Sve. ii. 43; Royle Il. t. 87; Wight Ic. t. 1691. H. longicruris, Wright in
Mem. Acad, Philad, Ser. 2, vi. 411.—Thisbe, Fale. in Lindl. Veg. Kingd.
Ȣ (name only).

TEMPERATE Himanaya, from 4-8000 ft. in the North West, and 6-15,000 ft.

( ke) in Sikkim. Kuasta Hits, alt. 5—6000 ft. UPPER Assam, in the Naga

^al. 7000 ft., Clarke, Prain. TENASSERIM Parish.—DISTRIB. China, Man-
churia, Japan.

Stout or slender, 1-3 ft. high, 1 or several leaved. Leaves scattered, 2-8 in., acute,
rarely iin. broad, Spike 2-10 in.; flowers often very many, subsecund ; perianth
pünivent, 1-2 in, diam., green ; sepals oblong, obtuse ; petals mefnbranous, acute ;
1 from as long to twice as long as the sepals or more, base not concave, lateral lobes
M Ty slender, Anther-cells parallel, pollinia clavate, glands large, staminodes large
Preading ; stigmatic lobes obscure or 0 ; rostellum minute, 2-lobed. Capsule } in.,

» oblong, turgid.—Has in Sikkim an extraordinary range in altitude.

th d H. fallax, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined. ; slender, leaves 1-2 towards

® middle of stem linear or linear-lanceolate, spikes many-fid. | subsecund,
m Dër than the short decurved ovaries, sepals spreading oblong-

an th echte broader than the erect narrow falcate petals, lip shorter
clavel] sepals obtusely 3-lobed, sac incurved subdidymous subglobose or
Orchid With an inflated tip. Peristylus fallax, Lindl. Gen. & Sp.
in Lind} oe, Herminum fallax, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7412. Cybele, Fale.
` Veg. Kingd. 193, e C. alpina, Falc. mss.

VE and SuB-ALPINE H1MALAYA, alt. 7—12,000 ft., from Garwhal to Sikkim.
base xi Variable in height, from 4-18 in.; stem with long tubular sheaths at the
midd one or two lanceolate sheaths above the leaf. Leaves usually solitary about
see of the stem, 2-5 by 4-1 in., acute, sometimes two subopposite towards
iin, or 1r the stem. Scape naked; spike 2-5 in., lax or dense fld. ; lower Pract
Petals varia lanceolate ; ovary i-1 in., shortly beaked ; sepals i in., l-nerved, an
ib, and able in absolute and relative breadth ; lip short and fleshy or nasrower,
anther ver distinct nerves, base of limb truncate at the short broad concave claw ;
e d Ty small, cells parallel, tubes 0; pollinia ovoid, of few very large grains,
inconspic e targe solid shining glands which are exposed, one on side of the
nous rostellum ; stigmatic processes very short, subglobose.
"* rr. .
Lip entire, Bracts short in all but H. gramineum.
nly dj, JO8ephi, Reichb. f. in Flora lv. (1872) 276; stout, leaves 2
e nceolate or oblanceolate, bracts minute, flowers large } in. diam.
Lindl, in le and petals erect, lip broadly ovate acute. H. grandiflorum,
E in Herb, Ind, Or. H. f. & T.

Plant, 5-4 ‘MALAYA, alt. 11-14,000 ft., J. D. H. . Spik
lM in, d in. high, Leaves 3-5 by 4-1 in., obtuse acute or acuminate. Spie
ty ue we $ in. diam., not secund ; bracts much shorter than the gibbous
ti pa 3-nerved, lateral falcately ovate, base rounded ; petals as long, ova e,

YOL, mg thickened obtuse ; lip larger than the sepals, flat, with a thie ene

130 CXLVIII. ORCHIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Herminium.

midrib and point; anther-cells spreading at the base, pollinia clavate, terminating
in born-shaped or conical rigid truncate pouches, which embrace the caudicle gland
and base of the pollinium ; stigmatic processes obscnre; rostellum small. —1 do not
find the single lanceolate sheath under the spike described by Reichenbach.

5. H. Duthiei, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined.; leaves 2 towards the
middle or base of the stem linear or oblanceolate, spike many-fid. sub-
secund, bracts much shorter than the short ovaries, sepals obtuse, dorsal
broadly oblong, lateral smaller, subfalcate petals ovate-lanceolate fleshy,

lip as long triangular or orbicular-ovate entire subacute or obtuse, sa¢
globose.

WESTERN HIMALAYA; Garwhal, near the Khasi Pass, alt. 11-12,000 ft., Duthie.

Whole plant, with the spike, 4-6 in. Leaves shorter than the scape, acuminate.
Scape stout, curved, naked; spike 2—4 in. ; ovaries 3 in., turgid, curved, almost
beaked ; perianth $ in diam. ; lip variable in form, as large as the sepals, sometimes
orbicular with a contracted point, base with a narrow chink opening into the spur;
anther oblong, cells parallel, pollinia clavate sessile on the conical truncate horny
glands or caps of the glands; staminodes large, spreading; stigmatic processes
clavate, large; rostellum subulate, erect.

6. H. congestum, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7068; Gen. & Sp. Orchid.
305; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 43; leaves 1-3 oblanceolate, scape elongate,
spike many-fid., bracts minute, flowers minute decurved, sepals obtuse,
dorsal broadly ovate, lateral oblong, petals rather longer acute, lip ovate
or triangular-ovate fleshy acute, base saccate. H. unalaschcense, Reich
f. Ic. Fl. Germ. xii. 107, t. 418. Habenaria Schischmareffiana. Chamiss.
in Linnea, ii. 29. Platanthera Schischmareffanas Lindl. Gen. et Sp.
Orchid. 286. Neottia macrophylla, Don Prodr. 27. Spiranthes macro-
phylla & unalaschcensis, Spreng. Syst. iii. 708.

ALPINE HIMALAYA; Nevat, Wallich; Sikkim, alt. 11-16,000 ft., J. D. E
DISTRIB. Aleutian Islds.

Stem 6-18 in., leafy towards the base or upwards. Leaves 3-6 by 3-3 in. Scape
rather stout, naked above; spike 2—4in.; ovary short, gibbous, longer than the ovate
bracts; flowers j-j in. diam. ; dorsal sepal orbicular, lateral broadly oblong ; petals
ovate, equalling the sepals, fleshy ; lip fleshy, variable in breadth; sides somes
times almost dilated into lobes, base very distinctly saccate; anther-cells parallel,
pollinia subglobose, caudicles short inserted in large spur-like corneous body split om
one side; stigma obscure ; rostellum minute, erect. Capsule } in. erect, twisted.

7. XX. pugioniforme, Lindl. mss.; leaf solitary elongate-spathulate
obtuse, spike few-fld., bracts minute orbicular, flowers minute suberect,
petals oblong-ovate, lip dagger-shaped, base dilated.

ALPINE HiMALAYA ; Kashmir, alt. 12,000 ft., Aitchison ; Garwhal, alt. 14-15,000
ft., Duthie ; Sikkim, alt. 15-16,000 ft., J. D. H.

Plant 2-9 in. high. Leaf shorter than the scape, 4-2 in. broad. Scape rather
stout; bracts very small; flowers minute, ṣẹ in. diam. ; dorsal sepal orbicular
lateral very broad obtuse ; petals smaller ; lip hardly longer than the sepals.—V ery
near congestum, but I think different, the flowers appear to be nearly erect.

8. H. orbiculare, Hook. f. Ic. Plant, ined. ; Stem very slender 1-2-
leaved and with minute subulate sheaths, bracts minute, flowers very
minute secund, sepals orbieular-oblong obtuse dorsal smaller, petals broadly
oblong, lip orbicular fleshy with a pit towards the centre and gibbous

eneath.

Sikkim HIMALAYA; Rungboo in the Chumbi Valley, King’s Collector.

Herminium.) cet. oRcmipEm. (J. D. Hooker.) 131

Stem with spike 4-6 in. Leaves 2, towards the base of the stem, 1-14 in. long,
oblanceolate ; bracts much shorter than the ovaries which are j in. long, curved ;
fowers A in, diam. ; sepals and petals 1-nerved, all membranous ; anther-cells rather
divergent, pollinia clavate, gland orbicular translucent; stigmatic processes obscure ;
rostellum minute.—A very distinct little species, but the flowers are so minute that
I cannot satisfactorily analyze the column.

9. H. gramineum, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7413; Gen. & Sp. Orchid.

; Very slender, 1-leaved, spike lax-fld., flowers minute secund suberect,
tacts subulate equalling the ovary, petals erect linear subfalcate, lip
ovate acuminate equalling or shorter than the sepals. Royle Ill. t. 87.
eottia monophylla, Don Prodr. 27. Spiranthes monophylla, Spreng.
Syst. Veg. iij, 709.

rai and CENTRAL HIMALAYA; Nepal, Wallich; Kumaon and Garwhal, alt.

a Dant 2-6 in. Leaflinear, acute, as long as the scape or longer. Spike 1-3} in. ;
seg LECH with rough ridges ; perianth q5-à in. diam. ; dorsal sepal oblong or
thick J Ovate, lateral ovate obtuse spreading; petals as long as the sepals, obtuse,
sath lip flat, with a concave base, variable in breadth, slightly saccate beneat ;
ceo ‘reels parallel, pollinia subglobose, caudicles short, glands large shining coria-
's brown ; stigmatic processes low ; rostellum very large, as long as the anther,
recurved, retuse, fleshy.

„acemed, Sepals subequal or the dorsal shortest, lateral ascending spread-
At Pelro

partite, base s

para] ` ,
y pi divergent below, bases often produced into a long or short
i nla clavate or pyriform ; caudicle long, short, or 0, sometime

tropical ther, rarely wholly obsolete.—Species about 400, temperate and

en peur pose the following grouping of them into sections as tentative only.
Plant.) ams view, that the genera which he has brought under it (in Gen.
e

m Posed de ermine whether the rostellum nearly overlaps these, or holds them
Means ai i or, Its folds, or forms pouches beneath them, or a flap over them. `
» ea ite DEn) drawings of the rostellum of all the species made from living
vil help, bid. Modifications of form be understood ; but 1 doubt whether even this
tee las i towards the classification of the species, for I think its value in this
en greatly overrated iu both Ophrydee and Vandee.
K 2

132 CXLVIII. ORCHIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Habenaria.

The structure of the stigma has been compendiously described by Bentham in the
Journal of the Linnzan Society (xviii. 356), and I agree with him in thinking that
to found genera on the modifications or even in the presence or absence of processes,
would lead to a violation of affinities.

For observations on the Indian species referred to Orchis, see that genus.

The characters which I have taken for the primary groups, marked A and B,
of lateral sepals reflexed spreading or deflexed, and erect or ascending, are in most
cases obvious; but in dried specimens of some species placed in Sect. V. it 1s
difficult to say whether the lateral sepals are reflexed naturally or accidentally, or
whether, though erect in early flowering. they afterwards spread. The root and its
tubers require investigation throughout the genus.

The staminodes present great variety ; in most species they are mere warts on
the sides of the anther, butin several not otherwise allied they are linear or styliform
processes, attached either to the anther or base of the column, as in Diphylaz and
Dithriz.

At the end of the genus I have placed four monotypic sections founded on plants
differing remarkably in habit from any of their congeners ; some of these will,
expect, eventually be regarded (and rightly) as monotypic genera, but in my present
imperfect knowledge of any but the Indian species of this very large genus, I prefer
keeping them as sections, awaiting their confirmation as genera under the authority
of a monographer of the whole tribe of OpArydec.

KEY To THE SECTIONS.
A. Lateral sepals spreading deflexed or reflexed.

In some small -flowered species of Sect. v. Peristylus, the lateral sepals appeat
to be spreading or deflexed during or after flowering, and might hence be placed in
ct. iii.

Sect. I. Arr. Petals truncate 2-fid or 2-partite. Lip 3-lobed or
-partite. (Sp. 1-14.)

Sect. II. PrATYGLOSSA. Petals entire. Lip 3-lobed or -partite, side
lobes, broad (narrow in H. platyphylla) petaloid, mid-lobe narrow. (Sp.

Sect. III. TRIMEROGLOSSA. Petals entire. Lip 3-partite, side lobes
very narrow, entire, usually filiform (lip entire in Peloria forms of
Mandersii and reniformis). (Sp. 35-66.)

Sect. IV. Horocrossa. Petals entire. Lip entire, linear. (Sp. 37-66.)

B. Lateral sepals erect, or ascending parallel to the dorsal and petals, 0
forming a hood with these, rarely at length spreading or deflexed.

Sect. V. Peristyius. Petals entire. Lip usually 3-fid or 3-partite
(entire in H. breviloba).— Flowers usually very small, and petals broader
than the lateral sepals and often fleshy ; spur rarely exceeding the ovary,
usually very short or saccate. (Sp. 67-99.)

Sect. VI. Puyttostacuya. Petals entire. Lip broad, entire, petaloid ;
spur conico-infundibular. Flowers large, in the axils of sheathing leaves;
105102) processes 0; rostellum obscure. (See also 32. H. triflora.) (Sp.

0-102.
ABERRANT SPECIES (OR GENERA P) OF GROUP B.

. VII. PrEcroGLOssa. Flowers large, in the axils of imbricating leave
Lip coriaceous, clawed, 3-fid, longitudinally 3-plicate in bud, spur long

NEA y igmatie processes large, rhomboid ; rostellum broad, triangular
P. .

Habenaria.] ` oxrvrr. oRCHIDER. (J. D. Hooker.) 133

VII. Drenyrax. Flowers small, secund; lip entire; spur short, fusi
fom. Anther with a setiform staminode on each side as long as itselt.
(Sp. 104.)

IX. Derya. Flowers small, secund. Lip 3-fid, spur inflated. a
inia sessile on a sin gle large obcordate gland seated in a sinus of the broa
2lobed rostellum. Stigmatic processes small. (Sp. 105.)

X. Dirugix, Flowers small, secund, tubular; sepals petals and lip
coherent at the base. Lip oblong, 3-fid, base saccate. Staminodes 2,
filiform, capitate, inserted on the back of the anther. Stigma a transverse
cushion; rostellum a transverse plate below the anther. (Sp. 106.)

Sect.1. Are. See p. 132.
* Petals truncate or 2-fid.

l. H. lucida, Wall. in Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 314; leaves fascicled
towards the base of the tall scape, sepals cymbiform, petals subpanduriform
truncate. Platanthera lucida, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7047.

& Peau; at Rangoon, Wallich. TENASSERIM, at Moulmein, Parish.—DISTRIB.
iam,

Leaves 4-8 by 2-93 in., petioled, obovate or oblanceolate. Scape with the very
“Ad. raceme 12-20 in, Wees broadly ovate, half as long as the slender pedicelled
ovary, or longer, tips subulate; flowers 1 in. diam., greenish; lateral sepas
Tellexed, obtuse ; petals smaller and narrower, contracted below the truncate end;
P subequally 3-partite, midlobe narrow 3-nerved thick, rather longer than t e
» lateral as long spreading and incurved ; spur slender, curved, nearly as ong
z the ovary or longer, mouth with a short ligule; anther-cells short, erect,
*PPtoximate, tubes short upcurved ; pollinia pyriform, gland long narrow ; stig-
© processes short, clavate ; rostellum minute.

2 H. barbata, Wight in Wall. Cat. 7034; stem leafy, petals 2-fid

fent. Ate virens, Lindl. Gen. d Sp. Orchid. 327; Wight Te. t.'928;
Thwaites Enum. 309.

TRAVANCORE . in t : hal Mts., Wight, CEYLON; in the
Maturatta detail he Pulney and Dindygha ,
tem 10-12 in. Leaves 3-5 in., erect, lanceolate, acuminate. Racemes fow-
T acts large, sheathing, as long as the flowers, or longer; flowers Ẹ D iam.,
Tounde lateral sepals narrowly falcate, acuminate; petals much broa "X be
Tanded” Upper lobe much the longest, tips filiform, lower broad acumina d 7
end the! 1p longer than the sepals, scabrid, limb linear, trifurcate lon
aea FEments subulate ; spur as long as the ovary, mouth with à e inis
clavate igule ; anther-cells parallel, tubes as long as the cells upcurved, Pin `
> Caudicles very long, glands small ; stigmatic processes very long spreading ;
um minute, Capsule 3 in. long, linear-oblong.

pal T. acuminata, Thwaites in Trim. Cat, Coyl. PI. 91; stem leafy,
* fd glabrous, Ate acuminata, Thwaites Enum. 309.

EYLON ; in the central province Walker, Thwaites. :
Ba l-2ft. Leaves 2.1 in., erect, lanceolate, and as well as the large PR
tin, s¢taceously acuminate. Racemes elongate, lax-fld.; flowers su f petals
slender om green ; lateral sepals broadly ovate, obtuse; upper b 1 & 1 ever .
lip ag long ding the dorsal sepal and about twice as long as the sh P tuse very
Deen fengi, Cf, broadly 3-lobed, dark purple, lobes broad fleshy obtuse very
long as th .ehgth 3 anther-cells spreading below, tubes recurved, pollinia c tellu n
i se deles, glands minute ; stigmatic processes large, globose ; ros

"Al, triang

134 CXLVII. ORCHIDER. (J. D. Hooker.) LHabenaria.
** Petals 2-partite.

+ Stem leafy upwards. Racemes many-fld.
\ Sepals with filiform tips.

4. H. stenopetala, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 319 (not 324); tall,
leaves oblong or ovate-lanceolate base narrowed or broad and amplexicaul,
raceme dense-fld., bracts as long as the ovaries, segments of petals slender
equal or the lower shorter, segments of tripartite lip filiform, spur long
slender equalling the ovary.

NonTH West INDIA; road to Kashmir, Royle. Srxxim HIMALAYA, alt. 3-6000
ft., J. D. H. &c. UPPER Assam; the Naga hills, Grifith, Prain. LowEk BENGAL;
at Mymensing, Clarke. Orissa; at Singboom, Clarke. The Concan ; Stocks, Ar,

Stem 1-2 ft., stout. Leaves, 6-8 in., base contracted into a broad petiole or sessile.
Raceme short, 4—6 in. ; bracts membranous; flowers very variable in size, greenish ;
sepals oblong-lanceolate, }-} in. long, membranous, 3-nerved, filiform tips as long
as the blade or shorter; lower segment of the petals sometimes obsolete ; segments of
lip very variable, the lateral sometimes as long or longer than the middle one, at
others they are much shorter and subulate; spur equalling the ovary ; anther-cells
narrow, parallel, tubes nearly as long as the cells; caudicles of pollinia slender,
glands small; stigmatic processes elongate, clavate; rostellum large, triangular,
erect. Capsule 4-2 in., linear-oblong.—A very variable plant; the flowers of the

Orissa and Bengal specimens, are remarkably small ; of some Sikkim ones also very
small.

5. H. macrostachya, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 307 ; leaves large
crowded above the middle of the robust stem, raceme lax-fld., bracts equal-
ling the ovary, segments of petals subequal filiform, segments of 3-partite
lip subequal filiform, spur shorter than the ovary. Thwaites Enum. 309.

TRAVANCORE ; on the Anamallay hills, Beddome (in Herb. Caleutt.). CEYLON,
Macrae, alt. 4000 ft., Thwaites.

Stem 2 ft. Leaves 5-7 in., obovate or oblanceolate, acute, broadly petioled.
Raceme 6-8 in. ; bracts and ovary very narrow ; sepals $ in. long; petals and lip
spotted with red; lip longer than the sepals, spur very slender, thickened down-
wards ; anther-tubes as long as the parallel cells, suberect, pollinia pyriform, glands

minute; stigmatic processes long, slender, adnate to the mouth of the lip; ros-
tellum small.— The spur is stoutest in the Travancore specimen.

6. H. andamanica, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined.; leaves crowded
towards the middle of the stout stem, raceme lax-fld., bracts rather shorter
than the ovary, upper segment of petals very slender, lower broader divide
above the middle into 3 filiform laciniz, side lobes of lip palmately multifid,
midlobe linear 2-fid, spur shorter than the ovary.

ANDAMAN ISLANDS; Parish, .

Stem 12-18 in. Leaves 3-4 in., ovate-lanceolate, acute. Raceme 6-8 m5
bracts lanceolate; ovary lj in., very slender; sepals 4 in. long; lacinia of mid-
lobe of lip filiform; anther-cells parallel, tubes rather shorter than the cells ; glands
of pollinia minute ; stigmatic processes subcylindric, elongate; rostellum erect.

SS Sepals without filiform tips.

7. H. digitata, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 307; leaves ovate oF
ovate-oblong, raceme laxly many-fld., lateral sepals ovate acute, dorsal
suborbicular, petals bipartite, segments subequal or the upper broader, lip
tripartite segments linear, spur equalling the ovary. Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb.

Habenaria.] OXLVIII. oROHiDEX. (J.D. Hooker.) 135

: : . duana, Lindl. in
Jm H. trinervia, Wight Ic. t. 1701. Bonatea pun PHA
Vall. Cat. 7063. B. benghalensis, Griff. in Cale, Journ. Nat. Hist. iv. 382
B. herbacea, Wal. mss.

Kasmurn, Falconer. ASSAM, Simmons. SILHET, Wallich. BENGAL, Griffith,
ENASSERIM, Parish. The WESTERN Guats, from the Concan southv eg rarely

Stem 1-2 ft. leafy. Leaves 2-5 in., very variable, acute or acuminate, large,
arrowed into a petiole, from orbicular to lanceolate. Raceme 3-5 in, is very short ;
nceolate, often almost foliaceous and exceeding the flowers ; pedicels bet ron the

ers 3-3 in, broad, green ; segments of petals variable in length, » the side lobes;
"tfments narrow or rounded ; midlobe of lip shorter or longer than th * anther-cells
"Wr subclavate, sometimes inflated, with an erect ligule at the mou "m processes
Parallel, tubes short upeurved ; glands of pollinia minute ; dn in., fusiform,

ech rostellum erect, triangular. Capsule shortly pedicelled, à in.,
nbs thick, kb aan?

Var. foliosa; smaller, 6-12 in. high, leaves shorter broader imbricating, Tace

se-fid., bracts shorter, segments of lip filiform. H. foliosa, A. ps ui laciniata,
Nat: Ser. 2 xv, 71. Wight Ic. t. 1700 ; Dalz. ¥ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 267. Wall. Cat.
Dale, in Hook, Journ. Bot. ii. (1850) 261. Platanthera mere 0G tt Bombay
1088 B. Orchig mysorensis, Herb. Heyne .——Nilghiri Mts., alt. 6-800 . : Dalzcll
at Salsette, DalzelÌ.—I have not seen the Salsette plant (H. laciniata) o twisted
Which he describes as having the posticous segment of the petals spirat y fo liosa

e mid Segment of the lip broader than the others ; „Be Tefen ai

8 plate, and adds that it is allied to H. lancifolia, A. `

oting Wight?

8. N. travancorica, Hook. f. ; leaves scattered ovate-oblong amples
bina’ Taceme lax-fld., lateral sepals ovate acute pubescent T ts subequal
Die Segments narrow lower shortest, lip tripartite, segmen

m, a

pur Shorte 1 i At le t 922
not r than the ovar y: H. Lindleyana, W g . .
| of Steudel),

TRAYANCORE ; on the Pulney Hills, Wight.

slender, 12-18 CP Leaves 1-2 in. "zem 3-5 in. ; bracts lar long Mes
than theas. T longer; flowers 3-4 in. diam.; dorsal sepal perius. distinguish
this the *epals.—The pubescent sepals (not observed by Wight) and | a be a variety.
The | forms of H, digitata, of which however it may prove ith of the spür
Very tient and flowers are much smaller, and the ligule at the mou

ian Hs Gibsoni, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined.; very stout, leafy, Nas
fow KK 8, raceme few-fld., bracts equalling or exceeding 1, lip tripar-
ge Di l in, iam., petals bipartite, segments narrow subequa» P Iur
Irag ements linear-subulate subequal fleshy, mouth ot clava

wit Out a li l

igule.
e Concay ;n z z ibs
y 3 near Kyreswur and at Kandalla, Gibson. . bracts
ng 8-12 in, Leaves 4. in., base sheathing. Raceme short, 6-8-fld.; b:

: ; flowers

White p a me tubranons, broadly lanceolate, the lower exceeding the flowen i fleshy,

Pl anther 7T. digitata, but twice as large; upper segment of petals dmouth of the

t; o, Drond, stigmatic processes adnate to the back of the broas tate of H.

en, lum small, triangular, exposed.— Much like a cr length, and
Very lar very robust, with much longer leaves, narrower for the

OWers, and no ligule at the very broad mouth of the spur.

ds,
A z dolichostachy a, Thwaites Enum. 309; stem ea nd as the
ndy ong-lanceolate amplexicaul, raceme lax-fld., bracts | ed loser seg.
Rent tht Sepals ovate-lanceolate acute, petals bipa ile longest,
Paras long late, lip tripartite, segments filiform the

8 as the ovary slender.

136 CXLVIII. ORCHIDEA. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Habenaria,

CEYLON; in the Central Province, alt. 5000 ft., Gardner, Thwaites.

Stem 2-3 ft., leafless below, slender. Leaves 2-3 in. Raceme 1 ft.; m
subsessile, about 3 in. broad ; dorsal sepal orbicular, mucronate ; lip longer than t "1
sepals, side segments spreading ; spuras long as the hardly beaked ovary, mouth n 5
a short ligule ; anther broad, cells parallel, tubes long upeurved, glands of po mg
small; stigmatic processes clavate, incurved round the mouth of the spur
tellum short, triangular.—Nearly allied to H. digitata, but the flowers are sm
and the base of the leaves amplexicaul.

ll. H. corymbosa, Parish & Reichb. f. in Trans. Linn. Boc. Wé
141; very stout, leaves lanceolate, raceme dense-fid., bracts longer t an
the long-pedicelled beaked ovary, sepals broad acute, petals bipartite, Seg
ments slender lower subulate half the length of the upper, lip 3-partite,
segments subulate subequal or lateral smaller.

TENASSERIM ; at Moulmein, Parish. the

Stem 2-3 ft., leafy upwards, but naked below, and with only sheaths for 1
upper half. Zeaves 3-6 in., base contracted. Raceme 3—4 in., very deme:
pedicels filiform; bracts 2—1 in., lanceolate; flowers } in. diam.; sepals 3-nerv d
lip not longer than the sepals, spur equalling the ovary, tip clavate; anther-ce
divaricate below, tubes as long as the cells; pollinia narrow, glands minute ; stig-
matic processes elongate, clavate; rostellum triangular, acute.

12. H. dichopetala, Thwaites Enum. 309; leaves crowded about
the middle of the stem ovate or ovate-lanceolate, lateral sepals ovate acute,
dorsal orbicular, petals bipartite, segments divaricate elongate lowes
narrowest and longest, lip tripartite, segments equal elongate setaceous,
spur as long as the ovary slender pendulous.

CEYLON ; Bintenne district, Thwaites (in Herb. Lindl.). d.

Stem 1-1} ft. Leaves dark green with a red midrib, petioled. Raceme lax-f ei
bracts lanceolate ; flowers greenish about 3 in. diam.—The above description 1s from
* Thwaites Enum.” There are two specimens from Thwaites in Lindley's erba-
rium which differ somewhat from that description, the leaves are linear-oblong erect
and sheath the stem all the way up, the bracts 1-2, ovary with pedicel 3-1 in.
segments of petals subequal on the lower rather than longest, mid segment of lip
the shortest, anther-cells distant, stigmatic processes globose ; rostellum short.

tt Stem leafy at or near the base only.

13. H. grandiflora, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7032; leaf solitary
radical orbicular- or ovate-cordate, flowers few long-pedicelled, petals
bipartite upper segment obliquely ovate acuminate lower longer filiform,
lip tripartite lateral segments filiform terminal linear or elongate lanceolate,
spur longer than the ovary. Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 967. H. rotundi-
folia, Lindl. Gen. A Sp. Orchid. 306. Orchis grandiflora, Herb. Heyne.

The Concan; on the Ghats at Belgaum, Mahabuleshwar, &c., Heyne, &c.

Leaf l-2 in. Scape 3-6 in., naked or with 1-2 sheaths, 2- or more-fid. ; bracts
sheathing, shorter than the pedicel, which with ovary is 1-1} in.; flowers 4-1 m.
broad, white; sepals broad; petals rather smaller; margins of mid-segment of lip
recurved, spur obtuse or thickened at the tip, mouth with a caruncled callus ;
anther 3-cuspidate, cells parallel, tubes rather short broad spreading, glands of polli-
nia large orbicular ; stigmatic processes Jarge, clavate; rostellum elongate, erect.

14. H. rariflora, A. Rich. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2, xv. 79, di
leaves radical or subradieal linear-oblong or lanceolate acute, flowers few
long-pedicelled, upper segment of petals ovate acuminate lower usually
much longer filiform, lip tripartite, lateral segments filiform, m

Habenaria.] CXLVIII. ORCHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 137

linear, spur very long and stout. Wight Ic. t. 924; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. 269. H. uniflora, Dalz. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. (1857) 344.

The Deccan PENINSULA; on the Ghats, ascending to 6000 ft., from Canara to
Travancore,

Leaves very variable, in small specimens 2-3 by 1-1 in. and linear, in others 3-4
by lin. and elliptic-oblong, in some cauline 3-5 by 1-3 in., or ovate complicate and
recurved. Scape 2-10 in., with 1-2 sheaths; bracts shorter than the stiff erect
pedicels, which are as long as the ovary, together 1-2 in.; flowers very variable in
"e and length of lip, white; dorsal sepal i-i in. broad, lateral 5-nerved ; upper
egment of petals 3—4.-nerved ; spur 1-3 in., upcurved ; anther large, apiculate, cells

el, tubes short upcurved, glands of pollinia orbicular; stigmatic processes

clavate ; Tostellum erect slender.—In Dalzell’s H, uniflora the segments of the pets
tre described as subequal,

Sect. II. Pratyerossa. (See p. 132.)

iam, ite lobes of the lip lacerate to the middle or inner margin, midlobe

t 15, E, Susannæ, Br. Prodr. 312; tall, robust, leaves ovate-oblong
he sheathing, flowers few very large, lateral sepals subquadrately
lobes ascending, petals linear acute, lip not longer than the sepals, side
"Ry broad pectinate, spur twice as long as the ovary. Blume Bijdr.
Pl. ag" Kënnen, Don Prodr. 24; Bot. Mag. t. 3374; Grah. Cat. Bomb.
Int 990 Plantanthera Susannz, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 295; Wight
Cat, 7059 Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 269. P. gigantea, Lindl. in Wall.
5 ‘Oi: P» robusta, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7036; Gen. & Sp. Orchid.
Dot, t, "his Susanng, “Linn. Sp. Pl. No. 939. O. gigantea, Sm. .Exot.
kim O. altissima, Herb. Ham.

Morne HIMALAYA, from Garwhal eastwards; the Kasra, Naga and
im Meee Hits, Burma and the Deccan PENINSULA to TRAVANCORE.— DISTRIB.
Shon alay Islands,

ft.; tubers 3-4 in. long. Leaves 2-6 in., imbricating up to the

ean Upper cucullate. Raceme 3-5-fd. ; bracts leafy ; flowers 3—4 in. diam., sub-

lino. & fragrant; sepals spreading, lateral obtuse, dorsal very broad rhomboid

; £5 petes small; side lobes of lip truncate; midlobe linear, or dilated down-

tides of the er very broad and large, cells slightly divergent, tubes adnate to the

faces obse column; pollinia linear, about as long as their caudicle; stigmatic sur-

Platanthera à rostellum confluent with the face of the column.—This is a true

ich ig ia. ‘n wanting the produced stigmatic processes, and the obscure rostellum,
arked by a triangular line only.

l D
ing d Pectinata, Don Prodr. 24; leaves ovate-lanceolate, spike
lanceolata Tracts leafy, flowers large, dorsal sepal lanceolate, lateral ovate-
ur rathe petals linear falcate glabrous, lip not longer than the sepals,

er longer than the ovary. Wall. Cat. 7029 A, and B i» part.
lL Orchin Vall. Cat. 7031. H. ensifolia, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid.
58 pectinata, Smith Erot. Bot. t. 99.

t. in Sikk; ATAYA, from Simla, alt. 5-8000 ft., eastwards, ascending to
Stem Län 1m, Knasra Hrrrs, "
ing. rap aT robust, very leafy, Leaves 4-6 in., strongly 3-nerved, upper or a:

the flow H We linear-lanceolate. Spike 3-8 in. ; bracts equalling or exceeding
Petals pe ich are 1-2 in, diam. white or greenish ; sepals 5-nerved, dorsal St
DI k triable in breadth, somewhat dilated on the outer margin, 3-5-nerved ;

* sepals, spur i-3 in, tip subclavate; anther very broad and large,

138 OXLVIII. ORCHIDES. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Habenaria.

cells rather divergent, tubes short, glands of pollinia small; stigmatic processes
elongate, tips often falcate dilated and upeurved ; rostellum obscure. Capsule $in.,
sessile, fusiform, ribs thick. —Black when dry.

17. H. arietina, Hook, f.; habit and foliage of H. pectinata, but
petals pubescent broader than the dorsal sepals gibbously dilated on the
outer (lower) margin, spur rather longer than the ovary. H. pectinata,
Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 341; Wall. Cat. 7029 B in part, and C.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA ; from Simla eastwards, alt. 5-8000 ft. and to 10,000 ft.
in Sikkim. Kwasta Hitns, alt. 5—6000 ft. M

So similar in a dried state to H. pectinata as to be with difficulty distinguish-
able, and though separated by Lindley, perhaps only a variety. Unfortunately
Lindley in describing both species gave Don’s name to the wrong plant, as I have
proved by examining Smith's original specimen of O. pectinata in his Herbarium at
the Linnean Society, which is of a very small state.—Black when dry.

18. H. intermedia, Don. Prodr. 24; leaves ovate or oblong acum!
nate, flowers few very large, dorsal sepal recurved, lateral reflexed narrower
than the dimidiate obovate falcate glabrous petals,lip longer than the
sepals, spur twice as long as the ovary. Lind/. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 322;

all. Cat. 7030; Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1879, 196.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA ; from Kashmir to Sikkim, alt. 5—7000 ft.

Stem 8-10 in. Leaves 2-4 in., scattered, 5-7-nerved, base rounded or cordate.
Racemes few-fid.; bracts broad, equalling the ovary ; flowers 2 in. diam., white of
greenish ; lateral sepals falcately lanceolate, acuminate, reflexed, 5-nerved 3 petals
strongly 5-nerved; spur very stout; anther-cells with long erect filiform tubes;
glands of pollinia small ; stigmatic processes long, slender, incurved ; rostellum adnate
to the face of the column between the anther-cells. Capsule 14-2 in., pedicelled,
fusiform, beaked, terete.

19. H. trichosantha, Wall. Cat. 7028; leaves ovate-oblong or lan-
ceolate, spike lax-fid., bracts shorter than the long-decurved narrow ovary;
lateral sepals ovate-oblong or -lanceolate acuminate puberulous, pe
linear falcate acuminate, lip longer than the sepals, side lobes capillaceo-
multifid, spur longer than the ovary.

BURMA, at Taongdong, Wallich; Moulmein, Parish; Attran, Brandis (in
Herb. Calcutt.). ,

Stem 8-18 in. Leaves few, 3-6 in., 5-7-nerved. Raceme 4—10-fld. ; ovary lm
sessile; lateral sepals } in., deflexed ; petals dilated upwards, entire or serrula
l-nerved; spur 1} in.; anther-cells short, with short free tubes, pollinia muc
shorter than their caudicles, glands small; stigmatic processes short, globose ; roste-

lum an obscure plate between the anther-cells, Capsule 1 in., fusiform, shortly
beaked, deeply channelled.

. ** Side lobes of lip petaloid, outer margins entire, toothed, or fimbriate,
midlobe narrow.

t Lip deeply 3-lobed or -partite, not or hardly longer than the lateral
sepals,

20. H. geniculata, Don Prodr. 25; stem tall leafy with many
slender sheaths above, lateral sepals acute, petals linear-oblong, lip sub-
orbicular, side lobes cuneate or rounded fimbriate or crenate, spur longer
than the beaked ovary geniculate. Platanthera geniculata, Lindl, in :
Cat. 7042.— Habenaria, Griff, Notul. iii. 406; Itin. notes, 31, No. 494
Ic. Plant. Asiat. t. 340.

be

Habenaria.) CXLVIII. OROHIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 139

Susrrorican HIMALAYA; from N epal eastwards. KHasrA and Naga HILLS,
at. 2-5000 ft. Burma, Wallich.

Stem 1-2 ft., stout. Leaves 2-6 in., sessile, oblong-lanceolate. Spike 4-20-fid. ;

acts as long as the ovary; flowers 2—1 in. long, white ; lateral sepals 4 in. ; lip often
tin, broad ; spur subclavate below the knee; anther-cells broad, divaricate, tubes elon-
tle, upcurved, glands of pollinia small ; stigmatic processes, clavate, incurved, mar-
guuing the mouth of the spur; rostellum low, broad. Capsule 1 in., shortly pedicelled,

ed, deeply grooved and thickly ribbed.

ĉl. H.Richardiana, Wight Ic. t.1713; stem rather slender sheathed
ve, leaves oblong-lanceolate, spike few- and lax-fid., sepals ovate
‘ummnate glabrous, petals gibbously triangular subacute, lip cuneate
tttongly nerved, side lobes narrow deeply toothed, spur stout twice as long

a the beaked Ovary.

Nuenrer and Travancore Hiris, alt. 6-8000 ft., Wight, &c.
: in. Leaves often subradical, 4—6 in., cauline much smaller, or reduced
sheaths, Spike 8-10-fid.; bracts large, lanceolate, shorter than the curved
ries which are $ in. long ; flowers obscurely puberulous, about 3 in. diam, ; dorsal
D smaller than the 5. nerved lateral ; side lobes of lip recurved, acuminate, longer
than the linear 3-nerved midlobe, spur li in., slightly thickened down-
^ ; anther-cells distant, tubes short upeurved, glands of pollinia eupular; stig-

© Processes large, clavate ; rostellum triangular.

Zap H. cephalotes, Lindl. Gen. § Sp. Orchid. 322; stem short
t closely sheathed above, leaves short broad, spike dense-fid., lateral
obliquely ovate and shorter broad gibbous petals and lip scurfily
n ent within, lip cuneately obovate, side lobes fimbriate, spur shorter
e beaked ovary. Wight Ic. t. 1711.
PENAT and TRAvANCORE Hitts, alt. 7-8000 ft., Wight.
S And foliage of H. Richardiana, but stouter, stem more densely sheathed,
srera Smaller, crowded in a cylindric or oblong spike; dorsal sepal very broad,
lp rath dag in Wight’s figure with a deep sinus on the lower margin; midlobe of
longer than the side lobes; anther-cells broad, nearly parallel, tubes rather

long
tert trom)? glands of pollinia minute ; stigmatic processes long clavate ; rostellum

"i Lë Polyodon, Hook. f; stem short stout sheathed above, leaves
“Mceolate, spike many-fld. bracts sheathing as long as the ovary,
ate, tide l te glabrous, petals triangular-ovate obtuse, lip broadly obcor
stout obes erose or pectinately fimbriate, spur very stout exceeding
De curved ovary, H. fimbriata, Wight Ic. t. 1712.
Sem a Hitzs, Wight, &c. l
Tubiform 0 Mm. leafy to the top; tubers large. Leares 2-3 in., sheathing, upper
` „Spike 3-4 in., lax. or dense-fld. ; flowers 2 in. diam. ; bracts cymbiform ;
VI longer than their caudicles, gland minute ; stigmatic processes very

» Stout ; rostellum very short, broad.

ki ae cornis) ; leaves subradical linear-oblong or lanceolate acaminate,
Blabrons n7, “Pacts shorter than the ovary, lateral sepals ovate acute
Dër cuneate. lanceolate or linear-oblong, lip tripartite, side lobes re-
lop keen oe fimbriate or crenate, spur stout twice as long as the very
Fight Car. H. montana, A. Rich. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. ii. xv. 73

p 825 and t. 1 d lower right-hand flower.
mais longis o Hert, Hone” Jigure and lower rig

140 CXLVIII. OROHIDE®. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Habenaria,

NILGHIRI and TRAVANCORE Mrs., Heyne, &c.

Stem 6-12 in. Leaves 2-5 in., usually linear-oblong, rarely (as figured by
Wight) shorter and broader. Spike 3—6-fld.; upper half of ovary almost filiform;
flowers nearly 1 in. long ; side lobes of lip longer than the linear midlobe; mouth of
spur caruncled; anther-cells broad, parallel, tubes rather long spreading, pollinis
as long as their caudicles; stigmatic processes short, clavate ; rostellum low, broad.

25. H. platyphylla, Spreng. Syst. Veg. iii. 690; scapigerous, leaves
sessile orbicular or elliptic, spike short dense-fld., bracts shorter than the
long-beaked ovary, sepals broadly oblong obtuse, petals linear narrow, lip
3-lobed, side lobes small rounded, midlobe lanceolate, spur longer than the
ovary slender. Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 323; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 201;
Wight Ic.t.1709. Orchis platyphyllos, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 10; O. plantaginea,
Roxb, Cor. Pl. 32, t. 37; Fl. Ind. iii. 450. O. Roxburghii, Pers. Syn. 1.

03.

The Deccan PENINSULA ; from the Concan and the Circars to Travancore.

Leaves 3—6, appressed to the earth, fleshy, 3—5 in. long,and as broad or narrower.
Scape 6-18 in. ; stout, strict; sheaths many, erect, narrowly subulate ` spike 2-4 in,
round-topped, flowers white, sweet-scented ; sepals concave ; ovary 1 in., beak slender,
as long as the body; lip much less deeply lobed than in others of this group, margins
erose, spur sometimes twice as long as the ovary, mouth funnel-shaped, with a short
tooth; anther-cells divergent, tubes long, polliniar glands small; stigmatic processes
subglobose ; rostellum short triangular.

26. H. Lindleyana, Steud. Nomencl. EA. 3. 716; leaves subradical
large ovate-oblong acute, scape tall with a few lanceolate sheaths at the
tip, raceme few-fld., flowers large, bracts narrowly lanceolate shorter than
the very long ovary, dorsal sepal much smaller than the large oblong acute
entire lateral, petals small falcate, side lobes of lip narrow linear muc
shorter and narrower than the linear-oblong obtuse midlobe, spur filiform
longer than the ovary. H. latifolia, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid 323.

MALAY PENINSULA (Jc, Finlayson in Herb. Kew).

Leaves 5-6 by 2-2} in., membranous, almost petioled, many-nerved. Scapt
12 in.; bracts 4 in., linear-lanceolate, membranous ; ovary 1} in. ; flowers white, Spuf
green; dorsal sepal broadly ovate, acuminate, reflexed, lateral 2 in. long, subfalcate,
5-7-nerved ; petals much smaller, acuminate; lip 1 in., rather longer than the
sepals, midlobe 3-nerved;) tube of anther-cells long, slender; stigmatic processes
elongate.—A noble species. Lindley gives “Ceylon, Macrae ” as its origin, but a5#
fine drawing by Finlayson (who collected only in the borders of Siam) is in erb.
Kew, and Thwaites never saw the plant in Ceylon, this is, no doubt, one of several
plants in Herb. Lindley wrongly attributed to Ceylon. It is evidently nearly allied to
H. platyphylla.

27. H. suaveolens, Dalz. in Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. (1850) 263 ; leaves
subradical linear or linear-oblong acuminate, scape slender, spike few-H4.,
flowers secund, bracts longer than the ovary narrowly cymbiform acumi-
nate, sepals subequal, petals as long but broader, lip cuneately flabellate,
side lobes broad, midlobe as long narrow, spur as long as the curved beak
ovary, tip subclavate. Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 268 (excl. syn.).

The CoNcAN ; between Vignorla and Malwan, rare, Dalzell.

Leaves 4-6 by i-i in., rather thick. Scape 6-12 in., often flexuous ; sheaths
1-3 in. ; bracts 3 in. long, finely acuminate, herbaceous; flowers 3-6, j in. broad,
white, jasmine-scented ; dorsal sepal orbicular-ovate, obtuse, lateral subfalcate,
ovate-oblong, acute; petals triangular-ovate, subacute ; lip as long as the late
sepals, as broad as long, side lobes toothed or entire; anther narrow, erect, apiculate,
cells contiguous narrow, tubes 0; pollinia clavate, as long as their stout caudicles;

Diana) ` otemt, omcmibkE. (J. D. Hooker.) 14d

i i i tellum ;
glands orbicular, lying close together on each side of the erect acute rostellum ;
lagna porns short, truncate, Dalzell).—A very anomalous species of this
section

tt Lip deeply 3-lobed or -partite, much longer than the lateral sepals.

28. H. longifolia; Ham. in Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 324; stem tall
slender leafy, leaves very narrow, spike few- and lax-fld., bracts slender
than the slender beaked ovaries, sepals small, petals gibbously
mie, lip flabelliform, side lobes semi-circular quite entire, spur slender
ms long as the ovary. Gymnadenia longifolia, Lindl. in Wall. Cat.

Westers Himataya; Kumaon, Royle; Ne al, at Nathpur, Hamilton. |
_ Stem 10-18 in. Leaves 3-5 in., scattered, erect, linear, acuminate. Spike 2-3
15 bracts 4-1 in, ; Ovary 3-3 in., curved ; flowers white ; lateral sepals è in., oblong-
lanceolate, 3-nerved, dorsal smaller; petals 3-nerved, as long as the dorsal ; lip ES
a. long and broad, twice or thrice as long as the lateral sepals, midlobe linear,
than the side lobes; anther beaked, cells parallel, tubes upcurved; stigmatic

Processes short, clavate, incurved, surrounding the mouth of the spur; rostellum long,
; erect,

Sa H. Plantaginea, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 323; scapigerous,
narrowly oblong, scape slender, spike lax-fld., bracts half as long as

i ed ovary, sepals small, petals linear-lanceolate, lip flabelliform,
Gala ounie entire or toothed, midlobe as long ee os
P ovary very slender. Wight Ic. t. 1710. Gymnadenia ty-

Di Lindl. in Wall, Cat. 7053. Orchis platyphyllos, ‘Roxb. Fl. Ind. Ñi.
tenuis, Herb, Rottl,

artem HIMALAYA, alt. 3-7000 ft., from Garwhal to Sikkim. Drama,
Heyne imbu, and the DECCAN PENINSULA, from the Concan southwards,
: EYLON, in the hot drier parts of the Island, .
em in., radical, horizontal, acute or obtuse, membranous. Scape 8-12 in.,
3 sheaths small, acuminate; spike 2-3 in.; flowers subsecund, white; bracts
nerved A lanceolate ; ovary $ in., curved; sepals } in. long, subequal, acute,
Ing as d orsal ovate-oblong, lateral faleately oblong; lip À—1 in. broad, twice Ke
ür t lateral sepals, puberulous, spur 1-12 in. green ; anther rather broad, ce
ie’ tubes short upcurved, pollinia as long as their caudicles, glands elongate ;
riy Processes large, clavate; rostellum triangular, broad. Capsule j a2
Mis iform, curved, beak short slender.—lIn this species the caudicles of ie
sland di at first inserted in the hollow of a single concave 2-lipped or incurve

4 nceolat i ; i itudinally, each pollinia
away one half form, which afterwards splits longitudinally,

we T
5 len longicalcarata, A. Rich. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2, xv. 71, t.
Ing con Mgerous, leaves linear-oblong or lanceolate, flowers 1-4, bracts
broad obtu e much shorter than the long-pedicelled beaked ovaries, sepals
i ovate D petals oblong-lanceolate acuminate, side lobes of lip dimi-
De long p, Hate fimbriate or toothed, spur several times longer thau

Leier". ovary. Wight Te. t. 925; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 268.
right Am Wight. Te. y, PL i, 14. H. montana, Wight Ic. t. 1714 (upper
Grah, Cat k hand figures) (not of A. Richard.) H. longicorniculata,

' Bomb. PL 200 o macroceratitis, Herb. Rotil.

hing to Coe p SULA; onthe Western Ghats, from the Concan to Travancore,
no 1312: . i

nt 10-18 in, 3 sheaths few, distant. Leaves 2-4in. Flowers white,

n j bracts 3-1 in, ; ovary 1 in., suberect, its pedicel sometimes as long ;
~ long, 3-nerved; lip 3-1 in long, spur thickened from below the middle to

143 CXLVIII. ORCHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Habenaria.

the tip ; anther very broad, tubes as long as the cells, pollinia narrowly pyriform
shorter than their slender caudicles, which are narrowly winged on one side, glands
very small ; stigmatic processes surrounding the mouth of the spur ; rostellum obscure.
—Allied to H. longicornu, but much more slender, leaves longer, flowers much
larger, lip longer than the sepals, its side lobes broader, and spur very much longer.

31. H. crinifera, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 393; scapigerous, leaves
oblong or lanceolate, raceme lax-fld., bracts much shorter than the
pedicelled ovary, sepals broad obtuse, petals linear acuminate, lip clawed
sub 4-partite, side lobes cuneate or dimidiate-ovate crenate caudate, mid
lobe 2-lobuled, spur very slender incurved much longer than the filiform
beaked ovary. Wight Ic. t. 926; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 269. H.
schizochilus, Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 282. Symmeria schizochilus, Grah.
l. c. on last (unnumbered) page.

The Deccan PENINSULA, from the Concan to Travancore. CEYLON.

Leaves 1-6 in., very variable in breadth. Scape 1-18 in., very slender; sheaths
scattered, subulate: bracts lanceolate ; flowers white, 3-13 in. long; dorsal se
orbicular, subacute, lateral broadly ovate ; lip much longer than the sepals, as it were
4-lobed, the lobes tailed; spur with a long erect ligule at the mouth; anther
tubes long, straight; caudicles of pollinia winged as in H. longicalcarata, glands
minute; stigmatic processes clavate, adnate to the mouth of the spur; rostellum
very short, obtuse.

32. H. triflora, Don Prodr. 25; stem leafy 1-2-fd., leaves short
sheathing, bracts long embracing the ovaries of the large erect flower
dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, lateral oblong-lanceolate, petals small linear
subulate, lip very large, side lobes semi-oblong hatchet-shaped crenulate,
midlobe shorter linear, spur very slender as long as ovary straight.
Platanthera candida, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7035; Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 295.

WESTERN HIMALAYA ; Kumaon, alt. 5000 ft., Strachey 5 Winterbottom ; Nepal,
Wallich. Lower BENGAL; at Mymensingh, Clarke. ,

Stem 8-12 in., rather slender. Leaves 1-3 in., oblong, acute, sometimes all im-
bricating, or the lower larger and spreading, upper acuminate. Flowers shortly
pedicelled; bracts and slender ovary 1-1} in. long; sepals } in. long, suberec;
petals l-nerved; lip 1-14 in. broad, sessile on the mouth of the spur, and there
bigibbous; spur slightly thickened at the tip, mouth funnel-shaped ; anther verf
broad, quadrate, truncate, cells marginal, tubes short free, glands of pollini
minute; staminodes prominent; stigmatic surface inconspicuous ; rostellum broa
obscure.—The suberect lateral sepals, and sheathed stem recall the species of the
Phyllostachya section.

*** Lip short, 3-lobed at the broad apex.

33. H. Orchidis, Hook. f.; stem stout leafy, leaves oblong or linear
oblong erect acute, spike short cylindric very dense-fld., bracts longe
than the short curved ovaries, flowers small, sepals puberulous, dor*?
elliptic, lateral oblong, petals shorter rhombic-orbicular, lip cuneately
obovate, spur as long as the ovary slender incurved. Gymnaden??
cylindrostachya, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7056; Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 218. , $
Orchidis, and violacea, Lindl. Gen. $ Sp. l. c. Platanthera Orchid,
Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7029 A.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA; Garwhal, alt. 8-9000 ft., Duthie; Kumaon, Wallich;
Sikkim, alt. 8-1000 tt., J. D. H. à
Stem 1-2-ft. Leaves 2-6 in., broad or narrow, sheathing, sometimes short an
imbricating. Spike 2-5 in.; bracts lanceolate, herbaceous; ovary 4 in. long; ed
curved, subrostiate; flowers 3—j in. diam., pink, odoriferous, perianth spreading ,

EE eee TRA

= MÀ

Habenaria.) CXLVIII. ORCHIDE®. (J.D. Hooker.) 143

dorsal sepal oblong; lobes of strongly nerved lip very short, obtuse, equal or the
nidlobe longest and broadest; anther short, broad, cells parallel contiguous, tu vi
0, pollinia clavate almost sessile on the large oblong gland, grains very large anc
j stigmatic processes very large, globose, placed close under the anther, an
ing up after fertilization so as almost to cover it ; rostellum minute. Capsule

Sessile, 2 in. long, broadly ellipsoid or subglobose.—A very anomalous member
of the section,

34. H. monophylla, Collett & Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. ;
leaf solitary subradical stem and many-fid. raceme scurfily pubescent,
as long as the ovary or shorter, sepals and petals subequal oblong
obtuse glabrous, lip much larger than the sepals clawed cuneately obovate
?lobed, lateral lobes broad erose, midlobe smaller ovate obtuse, spur as
ng as the lip incurved obtuse.
UPPER Burma, Collett.
A foot high, rather slender. Leaf 2 in., oblong, obtuse, sheathing the base of
m. Stem flexuous ; sheaths 2-3, } in., and bracts lanceolate, acuminate.
* 2 in., rather dense-fld.; bracts 4 in.; flowers about as broad as long ; side
of lip as broad as long, diverging, disk puberulous, speckled; anther ovoid or
» Cells parallel contiguous, tubes 0, glands of pollinia contiguous orbicular.—
Closely allied to H. Orchidis. Described from a single indifferent specimen.

Sect. III. Trrerogtossa. (See p. 132.).
* Tubes of the anther-cells long.

oar erianth membranous; lateral sepals with deeply looped or arched

wi) Æ COmmelinifolia, Wall. in Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 325;
lai i leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate, bracts longer than the long-
wei ovary slender, dorsal sepal orbicular much smaller than the gib-
divide, tchet-shaped beaked lateral, petals oblong, lip with a linear } a o
ii 979° into 3 very long filiform segments, spur very long. Griff. Notul.
; Ie. Plant: Asiat. t. 339. Platanthera commelinifolia, Lindl. in
Orchis commelinifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 451; Grah.

1. Q. stylosanthes, Herb. Ham.

Fee Wastery HIMALAYA; Kumaon, alt. 3500 ft, Royle, Strachey d
Eër The Coxcax and Canara, Stocks, Law, Ee, . ror
Aë ft. ; tubers ellipsoid (2-9 in. long, Rowd.). Leaves 3-6 in., uppe r
flowers jay late, Spike 4-8 in. ; ovary 1-1} in., upper two-thirds MR
lateral wo m. diam., white, incdorous; mid segment of lip deflexed, sca eru ous
her Kai spreading ; Spur 1-23 in., incurved, green, mouth funne -s apea?
mn. aed, tubes long straight erect ; staminodes seated on the long anms of th
Caprule stigmatic processes large, clavate, iucurved; rostellum short, triangular.
M., sessile, fusiform, beak twice as long as the body.

ei: malleifera, Hook. f; tall, stout, leaves clustered large ob-
culla te acute, Spike long many-fld. furfuraceous, dorsal sepal orbicu ar
ip lon . much smaller than the large deformed lateral, petals very ema 1
COND the sepals tripartite to the base, segments filiform subequa

i -beak , tip involute
Blobose op clavate spur half as long as the long-beaked ovary, tip

Six -
lin, E MALAYA ; at Senadah, alt. 6000 ft., King (Herb. Calcutf.). Knasta
? at Myrung, alt. 5000 ft., J. D. H. § T. T.

.

144 CXLVIII. OROHIDEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Habenaria.

Stem with raceme 12-18 in.; hairs cellular, scattered. Leaves clustered below
the middle of the stem, 5-8 by 13-23 in. Raceme 4-6 in., lax-fid. ; sheaths large,
ovate, finely acuminate; bracts 3-1 in., shorter than the ovary, ovate-lanceolate;
flowers greenish, about 3 in. diam. ; ovary 3-1 in., beak very slender; dorsal sepal
embracing the anther, lateral reflexed triangular-oblong in outline but with the
lower margin so gibbous as to form an obtuse false apex to the 5-nerved sepal, the
true apex in which the looped nerves end beiug close to the base of the sepal ;
petals gibbously triangular; staminodes adnate to the sides of the anther; anther
recumbent, tubes very long decurved; pollinia clavate, caudicle very long, glands
minute; stigmatic processes very long ; rostellum obscure.

37. H. Murtoni, Hook. f.; leaves petioled crowded towards the base
of the stem oblanceolate, spike puberulous, dorsal sepal orbicular hooded
much smaller than the deformed lateral, petals small triangular, lip much
longer than the sepals tripartite to the base, segments filiform subequal
or lateral shorter, spur longer than the long-beaked ovary slender.

MALAY PENINSULA; Perak, on limestone rocks, Scortechini, Kunstler. SINGA-
PORE, Murton.

Stem 2-3 ft., with rather close-set ovate-lanceolate leafy sheaths, 1-2 in. long
above the leaves. Leaves 6-10 by 2-3 in., narrowed into a broad petiole. Spike
lax-fld. ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, equalling the decurved ovary ; flowers 2-$ in. diam. ;
upper margin of lateral sepals very short straight, tip lateral, nerves forming deep
loops; anther-cells very much as in H. malleifera, tubes very long; pollinia shorter
than their long caudicles, glands minute; stigmatic processes globose ; rostellum
obscure.

38. H. Kingii, Hook. f.; robust, leaves large crowded towards the
base of the stem petioled, spike puberulous, dorsal sepal obovate cucullate
as long as the cultriform beaked strongly falcate lateral, petals linear-
lanceolate obtuse, lip much longer than the sepals tripartite to the base,
segments very slender subequal, spur as long as the slender long-beak
ovary.

PERAK ; on limestone rocks, King’s Collector.

Stem 1-21 ft. Leaves 5-10 in., acute or acuminate. Spike lax-fld. ; bracts
ovate-lanceolate, as long as the ovaries; flowers pale silvery green ; sepals about
} in. long, acuminate, 5-nerved ; petals shorter than the dorsal sepal, 1-nerved ; spu"
slightly thickened downwards ; anther closely embraced by the hooded dorsal sepa’
tubes very long stigmatic processes and rostellum as in H. Murtoni.—Differs from
H. Murtoni in the form of the lateral sepals, the long dorsal, and in the pe!
and spur. Both these and H. furfuracea are near H. ciliolaris, Kranzlein of China,
and H. muricata, Vidal, of the Philippine Islands.

39. H. furfuracea, Hook. f.; tall, leaves large obovate or oblanceo
late clustered, spike lax-fld. furfuraceous with short cellular hairs, dorsal
sepal broadly ovate acuminate hooded as long as the cultriform strong y
curved lateral, lip subequally tripartite to the base, spur shorter than the
long-beaked ovary tip fusiform.

KnasrA HILLS; at Nunklow, alt. 3-4000 ft., J. D. H. & T. T.

Closely allied to H. Kingii, but more slender, with a furfuraceous spike and 4
shorter spur with a fusiform tip. The anthers stigmatic apparatus, &c., are nearly
the same in both. This and Kingii differ remarkably from H. malleifera & Murtom
in the less deformed lateral sepals.

40, H. pubescens, Lindl. Gen. § Sp. Orchid. 322; stem leafy
towards the base and elongate many-fld. raceme pubescent, leaves ellipti
lanceolate base narrowed, dorsal sepal hemispheric nearly as long 83
dimidiate-ovate obtuse lateral, petals linear, lip much longer than

Habmaria] — cxivnt. omonrogm. (J. D. Hooker.) 145

sepals tripartite, segments linear obtuse central broadest, spur slender as
ng as the curved beaked ovary tip acuminate.
Tra HIMALAYA; Kumaon or Garwhal, Royle, Falconer.
A 12-18 in., stout ; upper sheaths free, ovate-lanceolate. Leaves 4-6 by
ft in, not margined. Spike 8-10 in. : bracts ovate-lanceolate, ciliolate, shorter
the ovary which is curved, 2. in., pubescent, beak slender; lateral sepals }-} in.
long ; tubes of anther-cells long, straight; staminodes large; stigmatic processes
globose.— Much the smallest flowered of its subdivision.

Weis SPatulefolia, Par. & Reichb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx.
weg eaves 2-3 subradical obovate-spathulate, scape slender 2-fld., sheath
iro large broad cymbiform, dorsal sepal hemispheric as long as the
et-shaped lateral, petals linear-oblong falcate, lip tripartite to the
» Segments filiform side ones short central very long incurved, spur
onger than the ovary tip clavate.

[Assan ; at Mergui, Parish,
ita sy tr by 1-1} in., not margined, subpetioled. Scape as long ; sheath sub-
which ear ae much shorter than the filiform straight beaked pedicelled ovary
Stigmati t n. long; sepals 2 in. long; tubes of anther-cells very long, slender;
IG processes short.— Habit of Diplomeris.

sud, Dteral sepals curved or nearl y straight, nerves straight or moderately

SA Pterocarpa, Thwaites Enum. 309; stem leafy, leaves long
Deeg onte, bracts equalling the ovary, flowers few very large, dorsal
ateral o long rather shorter than the faleate oblong-lanceolate acum1-
left to » petals linear-oblong faleate, lip twice as long as the sepals
recurved ]o above the middle, side lobes subulate-lanceolate falcately
as the be bean than the straight midlobe, spur very large thrice as long
aked ovary thickened from below the middle.

Bien 6 g ig t Kandy, Walker; at Ramboddi, alt. 3000 ft., Thwaites.
Mate lanceolate. Leaves 4-10 in., base contracted. _ Spike 3-10-fld. ; bracts large,
ite; ovary 11 „Ovary narrowly winged, shortly pedicelled ; flowers 14-2 in. diam.,
as low 2 1n. long ; lateral sepals spreading or deflexed, dorsal rather shorter
tooth ; midlet, as the petals; spur 3} in., green, narrowly clavate, mouth with a
actly as in P deflexed sides; anther-cells divaricate; caudicles of pollinia
lar, ` longicalearata ; stigmatic processes elongate, clavate; rostellum

9. R. rh
pike short A7 YMChocarpa, Hook. f.; stem leafy, leaves lanceolate,
wt WT dense-fid. dorsal sepal MER A half as long as the broadly
middle, Jo 8 ‘ateral, petals linear, lip as long as the sepals 3-lobed to the
th he es linear-lanceolate acute mid one longest, spur much longer
a die? slender beaked ovary. PH. stenopetala, Lindl. Gen. &
mum, 310, 74 (not of p. 319). Platanthera rhynchocarpa, Thwaites

Ceytoy .
Sten 1-2 MIT Galagama, alt. 4000 ft., Thwaites.
feed ; bracts eaty below the middle. Leaves 2-6 in., sessile. Spike 2-3 in.,
an; ra “es slender, equalling the ovary or longer; flowers white, 1-3 in.
wither cells di Sepals deflexed, subacute; spur 1-1} in., cylindric, green, obtuse ;
inde gate, ince tubes straight; glands of pollinia minute; stigmatic pro-
fp * A jeurved,adnate to the mouth of the lip; rostellum minute.—
arpa “enopetala of p. 324 (not of p. 319) is I think a starved specimen of

VOL, *
b L

146 CXLVIII. OROHIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) | Habenaria.

44. H. vidua, Par. & Reich. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 140, t. 27,
f. 2; leaves subbasal elliptic-lanceolate acute, scape above and flowers
puberulous, raceme lax-fld., bracts much shorter than the ovary, dorsal
sepal orbicular pubescent rather smaller than the oblong subacute lateral,
petals hatchet-shaped, lip tripartite, segments filiform subequal longer
than the sepals side ones recurved over .the flower, midlobe deflexed, spur
longer than the long-beaked ovary acute.

TENASSERIM ; at Moulmein, Parish.

Stem short, stout, with 1-2 spreading sheaths above the leaves. Leaves 3-5 by
i-li in. Raceme 4-6 in.; bracts ovate, acuminate ; flowers } in. diam., green an
white, sweet scented; pedicel with ovary 3-1 in., nearly straight ; lateral sepals
reflexed, margins revolute ; spur thickened below; tubes of anther-cells divaricate ;
pollinia much shorter than their slender caudicles, glands small ; stigmatic processes
short, clavate, adnate to the mouth of the spur ; rostellum short, broad. Capsule
3 in., shortly pedicelled, straight, fusiform, beak short.

45. H. Mandersii, Hemsl. & Collett in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. ; tall,
lower leaves linear-oblong upper narrow lanceolate, raceme glabrous,
bracts as long as the slender pedicelled long-beaked ovaries, dorsal sepa
ovate obtuse as long as the oblong obtuse lateral, petals as long as the
sepals linear-oblong obtuse, lip as long as the sepals entire or tripartite
nearly to the base lateral segments 0 or shorter than the linear midlobe
and recurved, spur twice as long as the ovary geniculate tip clavate.

Burma; at Mandalay, Anderson (in Herb. Calcutt.), Collett.

Stem with raceme 18 in. Leaves (imperfect) 3 in., upper narrow ones erect,
l-liin. Raceme 4 in.; bracts 1 in.. ciliolate, lanceolate; ovary narrowly WIDE":
sepals j in., 3-nerved, lateral subfalcate ; petals usually straight, 3-nerved ; ee
gins of midlobe of lip revolute, spur 1-2 in., mouth with a large obtuse ligule
with revolute sides, the convex face (towards the mouth) has 2 short conical spurs
side by side and a median tooth above them ; anther very large, tubes long erect;
pollinia much shorter than their long narrowly winged caudicle; glands ovate ;
stigmatic processes clavate.—'The organ at the mouth of the spur is very curious.

46. H. rostrata, Wall. in Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 325; leaves
lanceolate acuminate, upper passing into many slender erect sheaths,
spike many- and lax-fld., dorsal sepal cymbiform much shorter than the
broadly ovate faleate lateral, petals broadly oblong obtuse, li mu
longer than the sepals segments very long filiform, spur shorter than a
very long-beaked ovary, tip pyriform. Platanthera rostrata, Lindl. in Wall.
Cat, 7051 A.

PEGU and TENAssERIM, Wallich,

Stem 6-12 in. Leaves 4-6 by 4-3 in. Spike 2-4 in.; bracts very slender,
ciliolate, longer than the ovary ; flowers yellow spotted with brown, about j-À 1”
diam. ; sepals coriaceous lateral dimidiate oblong, deflexed, 5-nerved, tips tors
up; petals oblong, pubescent, falcate, shorter than the sepals ; tubes of anther-ce
elongate, caudicles of pollinia long, glands linear; stigmatic processes forming ?

ring round the mouth of the ovary ; rostellum very short, triangular. Young frm
with the beak as long as the body.

47. H. acuifera, Wall. in Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 325; senden
leaves scattered linear-lanceolate acuminate upper setaceous, spike short
bracts longer than the beaked ovary, sepals obtuse, dorsal broadly oblong
shorter than the concave oblong lateral, petals much smaller linear-oblong,
lip as long as the sepals, side lobes short subulate, midlobe linear, "P.
half as long as the ovary. H. linguella, Lindl. l. c. 325 (exci. hab. Ceylon

|

Halenaria. CXLVIII. ORCHIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 147

Platanthera acuifera, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7045. P. rostrata, Lindl. in
Wall. Cat, 7051 B.

Kuasta Bras, alt. 4-5000 ft., common. Naga Hitts, Prain, TAvov,
Wallich —DtsTRIB. China. :

Stem 10-18 in., lexuous. Leaves 3 A by }—} in., erect, base sheathing, upper and
linear lanceolate ciliolate bracts very finely acuminate ; ovary 1-2 in., Iv 5. lateral 5-
for half its length; flowers golden, 2 in. diam.; dorsal sepal strong Tih, clavate ;
nerved ; petals L-nerved ; margins of midlobe of lip revolute, spur s ZS en glands
anther large, apiculate, tubes long erect, caudicles of pollinia long very tin the leaves
minute ; stigmatic processes clavate, incurved.— Lindley errs in describing
as all radical, and in giving Ceylon as a habitat.

48, H. chlorina, Reich. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 140; habit
and character of H. acuifera, but rather stouter, leaves broader, ave d
nger, sepals and petals 3-nerved, side lobes of lip large and spur inc
low the middle with a large clavate ellipsoid tip.

CUL ASSERIM ; at Moulmein, Lobb, Parish. Suan STATES, alt. 4400 ft.,
D

> - then

Lewes 2 in. broad. Spike 2-3 in. long; flowers at first yellow green,

Spotted EN at last brown. Probably a form of H. acuifera, but besides the
ve difference the flowers are smaller.

** Tubes of anther-cells short.

Í Stem leafy upwards.
§ Bracts lanceolate, acuminate. Flowers not or hardly secund.

4. H. eni tica ight Ic. t. 1700; leaves all linear-oblong or
lanceolate acuminate nant margined, spike many-fid., bracts kai
or equalling the ovaries, dorsal sepal shorter than the broadly sepals
obtuse lateral, petals triangular-ovate ciliolate, lip as long as llin Phe
h yond the middle lobes oblong obtuse, spur stout equalling
“ortly beaked incurved ovary.

TRAVANCORE ; on the Mts., Wight. i
Stem 12-18 in., rather To, Leaves 2-3 by 4—4 in., upper sho rt sheathing,
.T Incurved. Spike 9.4 in., cylindric; bracts finely Ponie 3-nerved
Zeit, about } in, diam. ; perianth thick subpuberulous ; TA . lobes
bn Ciliolate almost orbicular, lateral ovate-oblong ; petals 4 shorter, llini y "longer
than GV. anther broad, cells distant divaricate, tubes short; pollini:
eir sto

; rostellum
broa ut caudicles, glands small ; stigmatic processes large, clavate ; roste
d, triangular,

E: füstfera, Fook, f; leaves oblong acute narrowly at,
Te many-fld., bracts longer than the ovary, dorsal sepal subor icular
GI as long as but broader than the oblong obtuse lateral, peta s to the

an the Sepals triangular-ovate, lip larger than the sepals 3-par i te spur
chos? Segments filiform longer than the linear mid MUS ,

Ter than t e curved ovary fusiform with a short narrow neck.

ie SCORE ; , i in Herb. Calcutt.).
Habit of Hone the Annamallay Hills, Beddome (in

larger

iptica, but very different in the shorter not BM broad,

Celle divas’, "nd petals, 3-partite lip, and spur; flowers yellow; ll; stigmatic

Peg, ate, tubes short ; pollinia clavate, caudicles short, glands "o seen only one
"men. "ate, incurved, adnate to the mouth of the spur.—1 have

L2

148 Cetcnt, omonrpEE. (J. D. Hooker.) (Habenaria.

51. H. trifurcata, Hook. f.; leaves petioled elliptic-lanceolate
acuminate, spike many-fld., bracts equalling the ovary, sepals subequal
ovate-lanceolate acute, petals narrowly linear, lip as long as the sepais 3-

partite to near the base segments subulate, spur as long as the ovary 0r
longer slender.

Kuasta Hinrs ; at Nowgong (Herb. Calcutt.).

Stem 10-12 in., rather slender, leafless below. Leaves 3-4 in., alternate, mem-
branous, not margined, upper or sheaths lanceolate. Spike many-fld.; bracts
slender, lanceolate; ovary j—j in., slightly curved; sepals 4 in. long, membranous,
3-nerved ; petals as long, l-nerved; anther oblong, cells contiguous, tubes short
divaricate ; stigmatic processes elongate, clavate, adnate to the sides of the lip; ros
tellum narrow, erect.—The petioled scattered leaves and petals distinguish this at
once from H. furcifera, and the petals and spurs from fusifera,

52. H. avana, Hook. f.; leaves linear-lanceolate acuminate, spike
many-fid., bracts longer than the flowers, dorsal sepal very broad, lateral
oblong acute, petals as long triangular, lip longer than the sepals tripartite
from beyond the base, segments linear-subulate lateral incurved, spur 83
long as the short not beaked ovary.

Burma; at Ava, Mrs. Burney (Herb. Calcutt.).

Stem 6-10 in. Leaves, lower 2 in., with long tubular sheaths, upper many erect
very narrow. Spike dense-fld.; lower bracts $ in.; ovary } in., curved; se
rather shorter, dorsal broadly ovate obtuse 5-nerved, lateral deflexed 3-nerved ;
petals 2-nerved ; lip hardly twice as long as the sepals, linear before forking ; anther
short, rather broad, tips of cells recurved hardly tubular ; caudicles of pollinia very

short, glands large; stigmatic processes long, clavate, adnate to the lip; rostellum
broad, acute, flat.—The specimens are indifferent.

§§ Bracts large, cucullate. Flowers secund.

53. H. Heyneana, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 320; stem stout, leaves
subimbricate short sheathing acute, bracts cymbiform acuminate sheathing
the flowers, sepals subequal obtuse, petals as long narrow, lip equalling
the sepals 3-partite side lobes linear obtuse midlobe longer and broader,
spur as long as the ovary or shorter straight subclavate. Wight Ic. t. 923,
1703-4; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 268. H. glabra, A. Rich. in Ann. Sc.

Nat, Ser. 2, xv. 75, t. 5 A. Platanthera Heyneana, Lindl. in Wall. Cat.
7044.

The DECCAN PENINSULA; on the Ghats, from the Concan southwards, ascending
to 7500 ft. on the Nilghiris.

Stem 6-10 in. Leaves 1-1} in., ovate, erect or recurved, rarely scattered and
narrower, Spike 2—4 in. ; bracts imbricating, lower 1 in. long; ovary } in.» no
beaked ; flowers greenish-yellow ; sepals }—} in., thick, nerves obscure, dorsal ovate-
obleng, lateral narrower ; petals linear-oblong ; lip thick, variable, midlobe oblong
or ovate-lanceolate ; anther short, cells rather spreading, tubes 0; caudicles of Di
linia very short stout, glands very close together, large, orbicular ; stigmatic pro"

cesses very large, spreading, clavate; rostellum short, triangular, acute. — Turns
black in drying. ;

54. H. subpubens, 4. Rich. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2, xv. 75, t
4 C; leaves linear or linear-oblong scattered, bracts narrowly boat-sha ed
acuminate, sepals subequal, petals as loug falcate, lip spathulate claw
3-fid, as long as the sepals, side lobes linear midlobe broader, spur as long

as the ovary acute. H. candida, Dalz. in Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. (1890), 262;
Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 267.

Habenaria] ^ sie. orcuipen. (J. D. Hooker.) 149

The SovrRERN Concan, Perrottet, Jacquemont, Dalzell, and Nizanigi Hrs
ke.

Very near H. Heyneana, and perhaps only a form of it, but more slender, leaves
^ linear 2-23 in., bases narrowed, bracts narrower, flowers white, lip very
different, spur more slender, anther apiculate, glands of the pollinia approximate and
even cohering oblong with recurved sides, stigmatic processes longer, adnate to the

claw of the lip.—Does not turn black in drying.

ih Leaves more than three, clustered towards the middle or base of the
stem,

99. H. furcifera, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 319; leaves elliptic,
spike long many-fld., bracts as long as the ovary, sepals subequal dorsal
ovate-oblong obtuse, lateral faleately oblong-lanceolate subacute, petals as
ong oblong retuse, lip longer than the sepals trifurcate, side segments

orm longer than the linear mid segment, spur longer than the ovary
very slender involute. H. hamigera, Grif. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. iv.
at 20. H. tenuicornis, Wall. mss.

TROPICAL HrwALAYA; Garwhal, alt. 2-3000 ft., Royle, Edgeworth. BHOTAN,
"g Zeng, Wallich. Orissa, Clarke. Kast BENGAL, Griffith.

Stem 10-18 in., stout, with distant small sheaths above the leaves. Leaves 4-6
y 1j-2 in., acute or acuminate, base contracted, not petioled. Spike 5-7 1D.,
PATTOW ; bracts ovate-lanceolate ; ovary 4 in., curved, hardly beaked; sepals j in.

& 3-nerved, lateral reflexed; petals as long, membranous, 2-nerved ; anther
ew small, tubes upcurved ; stigmatic processes short. Capsule } in., fusiform,
argid, decurved, ribs thick, beak 3 as long as the body.

56. 8. affinis, Wight Ic. t. 1707; leaves large elliptic-lanceolate
waminate, Spike elongate cylindric, bracts equalling or exceeding the
tare d beaked ovary, sepals subequal or dorsal longest ovate-oblong ob-
i Petals as long linear- or oblong-lanceolate obtuse, lip longerthan the
"Partite, side segments narrow longer than the linear obtuse mid

ent, spur half as long as the ovary slender incurved.
d) NTRAL INDIA; at Singboom, Clarke. The Concan and CANARA, Law,
Caleut’ be. TRAVANCORE; on the Anamallay Hills, Beddome (in Herb.

ee” stout, 1-2 ft.; clothed above the leaves with many erect lanceolate
rachis stony 77 4-6 by 2-21 in., hardly petioled, not margined. Spike 4-10 in.,
8 stout ; bracts 3-2 in.; flowers green; ovary À in., beak short; sepals i in.,

> 2

3 lip twice as ion th als; anther broad, cells parallel, tubes shortly
D as the sepals; H
Taree Siands of pollinia small ; stigmatic processes large, clavate,— The

. e Specimen has broader segments of the lip than the northern ones.
ei, ovalifolia, Wight Ic.t. 1706; subscapigerous, leaves elliptic-
or half ac acute, Scape tall, raceme elongate slender lax-fld., bractă ad ovato
obtuse kel as the ovary, dorsal sepal orbieular as long as the sepals
-partite ral, petals as large as the lateral obtuse, lip as long as he Zeie
Bebe mig ae lotes linear-oblong obtuse incurved shorter than t g ovat
incurved lobe, Spur slender rather longer than the slender beake y
Ma Hp thickened acute. e.

Tall, PENINSULA ; on the Ghats, from the Concan to the Nilghiris. acu-
inata 4 ft. Leaves 2-3, 6-8 by 2—4} in., sessile or subpetioled, acute or “ke
10 in, and mae With a leafy sheath below and slender ones above the leaves n eres

& s and der ; flowers distant, 1 in, diam, greenish; bracts lanceolate; nervo
tubeg nd petals obscure 3 Spur straight, pendulous ; anther short, cells « ive rgi ne,
tlavate “rt Upeurved, caudicles of pollinia short, glands small; stigmatic proces:t

> TOstellum short, broad,

150 OXLVII. ORCHIDEE, (J. D. Hooker.) [ Habenaria.

58. H. marginata, Coleb. in Hook. Fl. Exot. t. 136; subscapigerous,
leaves few subradical sessile oblong or linear-oblong margins yellow, spikes
many-fid., bracts equalling the ovary, dorsal sepal broadly ovate as long as
the oblong-lanceolate lateral, petals ovate falcate, lip longer than the sepals
tripartite side segments slender longer than the linear obtuse central, spur
stout equalling the curved ovary or shorter inflated below. Lindl. Gen. å
Sp. Orchid. 320 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 268; Griff. Notul. ii. 371; Ie.
Plant. Asiat. t. 241; in Calcutt. Journ. Nat. Hist. iv. 382. Platanthera
marginata, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7038. H. promensis, Wall, Cat. 7038;

Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 320. Orchis mysorensis and clavata, Herb.
Heyne.

WESTERN HIMALAYA ; from Kashmir to Kumaon, alt. 5—7000 ft. BEHAR and
BENGAL (wild in Bot. Gard. Cale.). Burma, Wallich. The DECCAN PENINSULA
common on the Western Ghats.

Leaves à-5 in. Scape 4-10 in. ; sheaths many, erect, lanceolate, broad or narrow.
Spike 2-6 in., cylindric; bracts ciliolate; flowers } in. diam,, yellow-green ; lateral
sepals 3—5-nerved, deflexed; petals as long, 2-nerved; spur clavate or tusiform
below the middle; anther-cells distant, tubes short spreading funnel-shaped ;
caudicles of pollinia short, glauds large ; stigmatic processes long, adnate to the lip;

rostellum triangular, acute. Capsule j in., fusiform, turgid, curved, obscurely
beaked.

59. H. flavescens, Hook. f. ; scape slender, leaves few radical linear-
oblong yellowish when dry margined with yellow, scape slender few-fid.,
bracts equalling the ovary, dorsal sepal broadly ovate, lateral oblong-lan-
ceolate acute, petals larger than the sepals ovate-oblong, lip rather longer
than the sepals 3-partite side-segments slender, mid-segment linear-oblong
margins recurved, spur shorter than the ovary tip clavate.

The Conoan, Law, &c. .

A much more slender plant than H. marginata, turning yellow when dry, with

fewer smaller flowers, and a more distinctly beaked ovary; but perhaps only 8 form
of that plant.

60. H. viridiflora, Br. Prod». 312; scapigerous, leaves shorter than
the scape linear-lanceolate not margined, raceme many-fld., bracts much
shorter than the beaked ovaries, dorsal sepal orbicular-ovate much shorter
than the broadly oblong lateral, petals broadly obliquely ovate as long 48
the dorsal sepal, lip longer than the sepals 3-partite, segments slender,
spur as long as the beaked ovary thickened below. Lindl. Gen. & Sp.
Orchid, 319; Wight Ic. t. 1705. H. graminea, A. Rich. in Ann. 5C
Nat. Ser, 2, xv. 73 (not of Lindl.). H. tenuis, Griff. in Cale. Journ. Nat.
Hist. iv. 979, t. 20; Notul. iii. 269; Ic. Plant. Asiat. t. 342. Orchis
viridiflora, Swartz. in Act. Holm. 1800, 206 ; Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 13.

LowrR BENGAL, Griffith, Clarke. The DxccaN PENINSULA; in rice fields
Heyne, &c. CEYLON, alt. 5-7000 ft., Walker, &c.

Tubers ovoid, 3-1 in. long. Leaves many, 2-4 by 1-} in., acuminate, nerves
obscure. Scape 4-14 in., slender, sheaths many and "bracts lanceolate ; raceme
rather close-fld. ; flowers j in. diam., greenish-yellow ; sepals 3-nerved, lateral T€
flexed ; segments of lip variable in length; ovary 4 in. long ; anther-cells short,
divaricate, tubes short upeurved, caudicles rather shorter than their pollinia ; stigmatic
processes clavate; rostellum short, broad. Capsule $ in., fusiform, straight oF
curved, beak short, pedicel } in.

Var. Dalzellii; leaves radical linear 3-5 in., scape very slender wiry, flower
rather smaller, spur longer than the ovary slender. incurved. Czloglossum luteum

Habenaria] oxi. oRoHmEx. (J. D. Hooker.) 151

Dalz, in Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. (1850), 263; Dalz. E Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 269 (excl.
4yn.)—The Deccan Peninsula ; Malwan, Daizell, &c.

6l. H. khasiana, Hook. f.; scapigerous, leaves linear not margined,
2256 slender, raceme elongate, bracts much shorter than the ovary, sepals
EN, dorsal nearly as long asthe rather narrower lateral, petals as
Të ovate-lanceolate, lip much longer than the sepals, side segments much
the longest filiform, spur as long as the beaked ovary rather stont slightly
gie, H. graminea, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 318 (not of Sprengel).

tanthera linifolia, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7041 (the Silhet plant).

juu Bras; in grassy places, alt. 4—5000 ft., common. .
val pd Sch in. acute or acuminate. Scape with elongate raceme 8-12 in. ;
pedicelled and ew and bracts lanceolate; ovaries 4-3 in., suberect, curved, shortly
eg de beaked; flowers sweet-scented, yellow, narrow; the strictly deflexed
parallel jaw and erect dorsal sepal are in one line, 1 in. long ; anther broad, cells sub-
processes x es short; caudicles of pollinia short stout, gland rather large ; stigmatic
5 Cavate, adnate to the mouth of the spur; rostellum very short, broad.
the tr dio absense, fusiform, not beaked.— Very near H. viridiflora, from which
and erect er leaves, shorter pedicels, subequal sepals, of which the dorsal is narrower

ct, and stout spur distinguish this.

62. H. ditricha, 77. i i
r s Hook. f.; scapigerous, leaves linear acute not mar-
gued, spike few-fid., bracts as long as the ovary, sepals l-nerved dorsal

capilla ate acute, lip much longer than the sepals 3-partite, side segments
TY, Spur longer than the beaked curved ovary slender incurved.

9 as in H, khasiana. Scape with few-fld. raceme 2-4 in. ; sheaths few,

e $75 in., ovate-lanceolate ; flowers few, } in. broad ; ovary } 10.,
eee dorsal sepal obtuse obscurely 5-nerved ; mid segment of lip shorter

short ; Lis, spur hardly thickened at the tip; anther-cells divaricate, tubes

but the pe 'a and stigmatic processes as in H. khasiana.—Very near H. khasiana,

sha Pe ìs very short, the bracts different, the ovary shorter, and the flowers
"S Lobb’s specimens have all short scapes. f

H L , l
matesordate or 2 3, radical or opposite on the stem, sessile, broadly

63.
eave ny Crassifolia, A. Rich. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2, xv.72, t. 3C;
Baar 94 p orbieular or broadly ovate-cordate margined fleshy, raceme
lip Subequ ih cts large exceeding the ovary, sepals and petals short broad,
obtuse e ally 3-fid hardly longer than the sepals, lobes linear-oblong
Trang: Léi equalling the beaked ovary. H. brachyphylla, Reichb. f. in
$ Bp. deckt Soc, Ber. 2, iii. 113. Platanthera brachyphylla, Lindl. Gen.
A 2935 Wight Te, t. 1694; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FI. 269.
ne PrNINSULA ; from the Concan to the Nilghiris, common. .
Be 1-12 in. diam. Scape 6-12 in., stout ; sheaths many, finely acuminate,
Breenish. «1: » harrow ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, sheathing; flowers 4 in. diam.,

Y Store M her fles € 3 “ved ; si le lobes of lip
Da l Sprea ing EN hy > 8 pals -nerved ; petals l-nerved ; Su D! `

ti D ' ; ses Pe is t va very short spreading ; stig-
d pn Ces; > es of anther cells distant, tubes very it take

n, 5 ^ S e EH
fro short ; rostellum small, erect.—The Khasian
m Lindley’s Herbarium is an error.

tadial e I Phylla, Dalz. i» Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. (1850) 262; leaves
bicular cordate margined, raceme many-Ild., bracts much shorter

i henbach

153 CXLVIII. ORCHIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [Habenaria.

than the ovary, sepals ovate-oblong subequal, petals as long linear, lip
much longer than the sepals 3-partite, segments filiform lateral longest,
spur about equalling the ovary inflated acute. Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl.
268. H. Jerdoniana, Wight Jc. t. 1715. H. Sutleri, Reichb. f. in Linnen
xxv. 229, Platanthera canarensis, Lindl. in Plant. Hohenack exsice.,
No. 142. Liparis diphyllos, Nimmo in Grdh. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 252.

WESTERN HIMALAYA; Garwhal, Falconer. Eastern BENGAL; Dacca, Clarke.
The Deccan PENINSULA ; from the Concan to Malabar.

Leaves 1-2 in. diam., thinly fleshy. Scape 4-10 in., slender; sheaths many,
small. Spike 2-4 in., narrow; bracts 4 in., acute ; flowers about 4 in. diam. ; ovary
X in., hardly beaked; dorsal sepal ovate, lateral oblong, acute, 3-nerved ; anther
broad, cells diverging, tubes very short; stigmatic processes elongate, clavate,
adnate to the mouth of the spur; rostellum obscure.

65. H. Aitchisoni, Reichb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 9, Bot. ii.
118; leaves opposite orbicular cuspidate, scape tall, spike elongate, flowers
subsecund erect, bracts half as long as the ovary, sepals subequal oblong-
ovate obtuse, petals as long ovate-lanceolate, lip as long as the sepals 9-
partite above the base, side segments longest spreading and recurved, sput
shorter than the short curved ovary clavate. H. brachyphylla, Aitch. d
Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xix. 118.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA; Kashmir, alt. 7000 ft. Falconer, &c.; Kumaon,
alt. 9-12,000 ft., Duthie; Sikkim, alt. 10-11,000 tt., J. D. H.—DIsTRIB. Af-
gbanistan.

Very variable in size and stoutness, 10-18 in. high. Leaves inserted above the
base of the stem, 1-3 in. broad, not margined. Scape sometimes as thick as a goose-
quill ; sheaths few, small; spike rather dense-fld.; bracts } in., acute or acuminate;
flowers 3 in. diam., greenish ; sepals 3-nerved, lateral spreading, dorsal erect ; petals
l-nerved; mid.segment of lip straight; anther short, broad, cells parallel, tubes very
short upcurved ; stigmatic processes large, clavate ; rostellum minute. .

Var. Josephi; smaller, 2-4 in. high, leaves 1-1} in., spike few-fld. H. Josephi,

Reichb. f. l. c. 114.—Kumaon, alt. 10-11,000 ft., Duthie; Sikkim, alt. 12-14,000 f,
J. D. H., King's Collector.

66. H. reniformis, Hook. f.; leaves 1-2 radical orbicular or oblong,
scape slender few-fld., bracts much shorter than the ovary, sepals and petals
subequal ovate or ovate-lanceolate acute, lip longer than the sepals entire
or 3-partite with slender segments, spur shorter than the ovary or 0.—
Herminium reniforme, Lindl. in Wall. Cat.7067. Aopla reniformis, Lindl.
in Bot. Reg. under t. 1701; Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 304, 457; Benth. FI
Hongk. 363. Listera reniformis, Don Prodr. 98.

NEPAL, Wallich.

P Knasta Hiris, alt. 4-5000 ft., Lobb, &c.—Distrip. China.
Leaves }—2

j in. long, fleshy, very variable in form, sessile, obtuse. Scape with
4-6-fld. spike 3-6 in, wiry; sheaths few, small; bracts lanceolate; flowers about
j in. diam., green ; sepals 3-nerved, lateral deflexed ; lip (in the Peloria state) entire
and linear-oblong, or with two small basal teeth; in the perfect state with three
very narrow often tortuous divaricate segments longer than the sepals ; spur usually
wholly absent, if present slender, nearly as long as the ovary, slightly incurved ;
anther-cells nearly parallel, tubes very short ; caudicles of pollinia short, glands large? 5
stigmatic processes large, subcylindric or clavate ; rostellum short, triangular, acute.—
A puzzling little plant, which in the Khasia usually and in Nepal has been collecte
only in the Peloria form, without spur, and with an entire lip. Bentham (in Gen.

Plant.) retains it in Herminium from which it differs in bein ‘mally spurred,
is obviously allied to H. Aitchisoni, g normally sp

Habenaria.] CXLVIII. ORCHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 153

Sect. IV. HoroaLossa (see p. 132). See also H. Mandersii and reni-
formis.

* Stigmatic processes large.
t Stem leafy upwards.

67. H.latilabris, Hook. f.; leaves sessile ovate or oblong acumi-
nate, spike many-fld., bracts green longer than the ovary, dorsal sepal
broadest, lateral breadly ovate, petals dimidiate-ovate or broadly ovate,
lip linear or lanceolate, spur Hexuous Jonger than the curved beaked ovary.
Platanthera acuminata, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7040; Gen. & Sp. Orchid.
289. P. latilabris, Lindl. Gen. S- Sp. de P. orchidis, Wall. Cat. 7039 B.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA ; from Kashmir, alt. 5-10,000 ft, to Sikkim,
alt. 7-12,000 ft. CENTRAL Innra, Hope (Herb. Clarke). .

Stem 6-18 in., stout or slender, leafy. Leaves 3-5 in., usually sheathing.
Spike 8-10 in., lax-fld. ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, lower leafy ; ovary 3-4 in., curved ;
flowers yellow-green, 4—14 in. diam. or more ; sepals 3-5-nerved, glabrous or ciliolate,
lateral spreading or deflexed, dorsal orbicular concave; petals as long as the lateral
sepals, variable in shape, fleshy, lower base gibbous; spur stout or slender, often
‘avolute and upcurved ; anther-cells contiguous, tubes O; caudicles of pollinia very
short, glands small; stigmatic processes large, subglobose; rostellum short, tri-
angular, obtuse, Capsule 3 in., sessile, fusiform, shortly beaked, more or less curved
0r twisted.— A very common and variable species in the Himalaya.

08. H. stenantha, Hook. f. ; leaves many sessile oblong, spike many-
fid., bracts green much longer than the flowers, dorsal sepal oblong, lateral
near deflexed, petals erect as long as the sepals linear, lip linear obtuse,
"Pur flexuous longer than the straight obtuse ovary.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA ; Sikkim, alt. 8-12,000 ft., J. D. H., Clarke.
whi ha near to H. latilabris, differing in the form of the lateral sepals and petals,
th n are very narrow, and straight; and the former being sharply deflexed, w nist
o DU" are erect; the flower hence looks as if laterally compressed. The lip
a Very narrow, but more so than in forms of acuminata, with which stenantha
“Brees in the column, anthers, pollinia, stigma and rostellum.

in R. densa, Wall. in Lindl. Qen. & Sp. Orchid. 326; tall, stout,
tarros "any ovate or oblong acuminate base sheathing, spike very ong
m ow stout, bracts sheathing and exceeding the very short ovaries, owers
: small, Sepals obtuse puberulous, lip linear obtuse as long as the sepals,

at pavate shorter than the ovary. Platanthera densa, Lindl. in Wall.
7046. p, clavigera, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 289.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA ; from Simla to Sikkim, alt. 5-9000 ft. , ts allies
Lear 233 ft. usually much stonter than in any form of H. acuminata or itsa ies.
Lim 35 b 1-2 in. Spike 8-14 in., rather dense-fld.; rachis stout; bracts
inq finely acuminate ; ovary } in., stout, curved, shortly beaked ; AM erect,
or na am. ; Sepals subequal, thick, 3-nerved; petals nearly as long, oblique y n Á

rower, obtuse, fleshy ; lip with a tooth at the mouth of the spur ; anther shor ;
gland . Cells parallel, tubes 0; pollinia subglobose, almost sessile on the large or Johr
great], TUEmatie processes large, shortly clavate; rostellum small, erect. Va i

y d ID sizes a Wallichian specimen from Nepal is 3 ft. high, with eaves

Donn ^» and a fruiting spike nearly 18 in. long. The most distinct species of Its

tuber Leaf solitary at or below the middle of the stem (rarely 2). Flowers
"und, Rootstock or root branching (I think in all).

154 CXLVIII. ORCHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Habenaria.

70. H. oligantha, Hook. f.; stem slender naked above the usually
solitary oblong leaf, bracts lanceolate herbaceous much longer than the
flower usually divaricate, sepals and petals subequal, spur stout about as
long as the shortly beaked ovary incurved clavate.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA; in the interior valleys, alt. 10—12,000 ft., J. D. H. .

Stem 5-10 in. Leaf sessile, 2-4 by 3-14 in., obtuse or subacute. Spike 1i-4in.,
lax-fld.; bracts spreading, lower $—1 in., green, upper gradually smaller, uppermost
hardly exceeding the short sessile curved ovary; sepals } in. long, oblong or oblong-
lanceolate, subacute, obscurely 3-nerved, subciliolate; petals as long, triangular-
lanceolate, base of lower margin gibbous; lip linear-lanceolate, fleshy ; anther-cells
parallel, tubes 0; pollinia pyriform, caudicles short, glands minute ; stigmatic processes
short ; rostellum fleshy, triangular, obtuse.

71. H. leptocaulon, Hook. f. ; stem slender, with 2-3 narrow distant
sheaths above the linear-oblong acute leaf, spike slender few-fid., bracts
equalling the erect curved ovary, sepals and petals subequal, spur slender
as long as the ovary incurved.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA ; Lachen Valley, alt. 10-11,000 ft., J. D. H.

Stem 8-12 in. Leaf below the middle of the stem, 13—4 by 3 in.; sheaths above
the leaves 1-1} in., linear-lanceolate, erect. Spike 3-8-fld., 1-2 in., rachis slender;
bracts 4—} in., erect, slender; sepals } in. long, 1-nerved, lanceolate, acute ; petals
broader than the sepals, triangular-lanceolate from a broad gibbous base, fleshy;
anthers as in H. oligantha, but rostellum shorter, and glands of pollinia large, oblong,
resting on the sides of the rostellum ; stigmatic processes short.—Near H. oligantha,
but distinguished by the narrow leaves, the sheaths above them, small bracts, and
long slender spur.

72. H. pachycaulon, Hook. f.; stem short very stout with 2 or 3
large herbaceous sheaths above the solitary oblong leaf, spike short
dense-fld., bracts herbaceous much longer than the flowers, sepals an
petals subequal, lip ovate-lanceolate, spur equalling the ovary incurve
clavate.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA; Lachen Valley, alt. 12,000 ft., J. D. H.; Nattong, King’s
Collector. .

Rootstock branched ; roots thick, fleshy. Stem 4-6 in., as thick as a goose-quill
or less. Leaf 21-31 by $-1j in., thick, obtuse; sheaths 1-14 in., lanceolate. SP4
14-2 in.; bracts ł-1 in., many-nerved ; flowers purple; ovary 4 in, hardy beaked ;
sepals thick, linear-oblong, 1-nerved, ciliolate ; petals shorter, ovate-oblong, fleshy ;
lip fleshy, subacute; anther-cells parallel; glands of pollinia oblong resting on the
sides of the short acute rostellum ; stigmatie processes obscure.

73. H. nematocaulon, Hook. f.; stem very slender naked or with
one or two sheaths above the small oblong subacute leaf, spike very
slender lax-fld., bracts half the length of the erect ovary, flowers minute.
sepals erect and petals subequal, lip oblong-lanceolate, spur very short
clavate.

SıKKIM HIMALAYA ; alt. 10-12,000 ft. J. D. H., Clarke.

Stem 3-8 in. Leaf towards the base of the stem, 1-1} in. ; sheaths usually very
small, rarely green and leaf-like. Spike 2-4 in. long; bracts membranous; 091?
1-4 in., hardly beaked ; flowers 4'; in. long; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute, 1-nerved ;
petals as broad as the dorsal sepal, triangular-ovate, acute, 1-nerved ; lip not fleshy;
5-nerved, obtuse; spur not half the length of the sepals, neck contracted ; anther
short, broad, cells parallel, glands of pollinia rather large, resting on the sides of the
erect fleshy rostellum ; stigmatic processes globose. Capsule Ä in. long, sessile, erect
fusiform, beaked.— The erect lateral sepals, minute flowers and short spur, are those

Habenaria.] CXLVIII. ORCHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 155

of Sect. Peristylus, to which this species is perhaps referable, but the branched
rootstock, habit, and habitat induce me to refer it here.

** No stigmatic processes.

74. H.arcuata, Hook. f.; stem very robust leafy, leaves oblong or
lanceolate, bracts herbaceous narrow longer than the large flowers, dorsal
sepal beaked, petals small linear membranous, lip twice as long as the
sepals linear, spur many times longer than the ovary. Platanthera ar-
cuata, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 989.

WzsrERN HIMALAYA; Royle; Naini Tal, Davidson.

Stem as thick as the little finger. Leaves 3-4 in., oblong, subacute, upper
lanceolate, bases sheathing. Spike many-fld. ; lower bracts 1-14 in., linear-lanceolate ;
ovary 12 in., hardly beaked, curved ; sepals 4 in. lcng, dorsal cucullate, lateral larger ,
oblong, obtuse, 3-nerved, deflexed ; petals very narrow, l-nerved; lip large, linea z
with rounded shoulders at the bise, puberulous, sides reflexed, spur 2-23 in., in-
curved, acute; anther large, broad, cells divergent, tubes erect; pollinia with stout,
short caudicles, glands very large, ovate; rostellum broad, flat, acute.—A very
remarkable species, with the lip of Hologlossa, but anther of the larger Trimero-
glosse. I have seen but one specimen from Col. Davidson, and a rude tracing in
Herb. Lindl., of Royle's plant.

75. H. sikkimensis, Hook. f.; stem stout leafy, spike elongate lax-
» bracts herbaceous longer than the large flowers, petals aslarge as the
Sepals triangular-lanceolate, lip as long as the sepals linear, spur ratber
onger than the ovary very stout obtuse strongly incurved.
Sikkim HIMALAYA ; on Sinchal, alt. 8-9000 ft., Thomson. e
Stem. with spike 10-12 in. Leaves 3-4 in., narrowly oblong. Spike 3-4 in. ;
bracts lanceolate, acute, lower 1} in., spreading and reflexed ; ovary } in., strongly
curved, hardly beaked ; sepals 3-nerved, green, dorsal broadly ovate obtuse rather
Shorter than the oblong-lanceolate acuminate spreading lateral; lip linear; anther
broad, cells narrow, distant, tubes short; pollinia rather shorter than their stout
candicles, glands small; rostellum obscure, very broadly triangular.—Closely allie
» acuminata, but flowers much larger, and there are no stigmatic processes Or

Twtellum, The broad anthers and its cells are those of H. arcuata. Only one
Specimen seen,

76. H. concinna, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined. ; small, stem many-leaved,

leaves small sessile erect ovate 5 oblong, spike many-fld., bracts longer than
*small flowers herbaceous, lateral sepals linear longer and much narrower

se a, Ihe dorsal and petals, lip linear from a broad base as long as the
Pals, spur as long as the ovary slender incurved acute.

Roi Hrs; at K 5 r T. T.; Clarke.
de -pane, alt. £ n, J. D. H. & T. T.; Cla
Root of thick vi it Kala-pane, alt. 5000 ft., J. $

uberous fibres, Stem with spike 4-8 in. Leaves almost imbrica-

Se an plexicaul, lower 1-12 m. obtuse, upper gradually smaller acute ; spike > t
ei er dense-flq. ; bracts } in., ovate-lanceolate, acute ; ovary : in., pedit
Petals as s 3-nerved, ovate, obtuse; lateral i in. long, reflexed, o tuses 1 nerved 5
bases sli hte as the dorsal sepal, 1-3-nerved ; lip narrow ; anther arg , S all:
Toste]lu ghtly divergent, tubes 0; pollinia as long as their caudicles, g
n triangular.— "The habit is that of Sect. Peristylus.
dii H. Zosterostyloides, Hook. f.; radical leaves long-petioled

xag scute, cauline sessile ovate-cordate amplexicaul, raceme i ng
$ e u bracts as long as the ovary, lateral sepals uinea rona
the de) er longer than the rounded ovate dorsal, petals a : A ed
long as th sepal triangular-ovate, lip linear as long as the sepals, sp

è ovary slender acute.

156 CXLVIII. ORCHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Habenaria.

MALAYAN PENINSULA ; on Mt. Ophir, Griffith (Kew Distrib., 5359), Lobb, PERAK,
Scortechini, alt. 7000 ft., Wray.

Root of thick tomentose fibres spreading from the crown, which gives off one or
more long-petioled leaves and a tall rather slender scape. Radical leaf 4-6 in. Scape
with the raceme 12-18 inches high, with membranous basal sbeaths, and bearing
one or more sessile or oblong leaves about the middle, and with 2-8 small distant
ovate herbaceous sheaths above them. Spike 4—6 in. ; flowers distant ; bracts $ in.long,
lanceolate, acuminate ; sepals dorsal, 3-nerved, nearly orbicular, lateral 4 in. subacute,
reflexed; lip elongate, linguiform, obtuse; anther broad, cells distant divergent,
tubes hardly any ; pollinia shorter than their stout caudicles, glands large orbicular ;
stigmatic processes 0 ` rostellum very obscure. Capsule (immature) sessile, curved.—
A remarkable species, in habit unlike any other. The solitary long-petioled radical
leaf, sometimes distant from the flowering stem, is very peculiar, and closely resembles
that of Cryptostylis (Zosterostylis, Blume), zeylanica.

Sect. VI. PEnisTYLUs. (See p. 132.)
* Spur as long the sepals, or longer, or shorter in H. aristata.
t Leaves scattered along the stem, or radical. (See also 83. H. Gardneri.)

78. H. bicornuta, Hook. f.; leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate,
spike long many-fld., bracts equalling or exceeding the ovary, lateral
sepals linear obtuse, petals as long elliptic, lip tripartite, segments fili-
form, lateral longer than the sepals recurved over the flower, mid-seg-
ment shorter, spur longer than the sepals clavate or fusiform incurved.
Peristylus Richardianus, WigAt Ic. t. 1097.

The Western Guats ; on the Nilghiri and Pulney hills, ascending to 6500 ft.

Stem 1-2 ft., rather stout. Leaves 2-3 in., sessile, acute or acuminate, 5-1-
nerved. Spike 6—10 in., rather dense-fld. ; bracts herbaceous, lanceolate, acuminate,
lower 4-2 in.; sepals } in. long, dorsal oblong obtuse sub 5-nerved, lateral erect at
length spreading; petals l-nerved; lip with a large concave claw, mid-segment
variable in length from triangular to linear, straight, obtuse; spur stout ; anther
minute, cells parallel, tubes 0, pollinia clavate, caudicles short; stigmatic processes
long, lying in the claw of the lip; rostellum truncate, plicate, concealing the base of
the cells and pollen glands ?—Blackens when dry. Differs from stenostachya m the
larger flowers, long side lobes of the lip, and spur.

79. H. stenostachya, Benth. Fl. Hongk. 362; leaves lanceolate
acuminate, spike narrow lax- or dense-fid., flowers small, bracts equalling
or exceeding the ovary, lateral sepals linear obtuse, petals larger than
the sepals triangular-ovate or oblong fleshy, lip as long as the sepals 3-fid,
side lobes subulate, midlobe usually shorter broader and obtuse, spur stralg t
about as long as the ovary. H. peristyloides, Wight Ic. t. 1702. Platan-
thera stenostachya, Lindl. in Hook. Journ. Bot. vii. (1855) 37. Gymna
denia ? tenuis, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7057. Cœloglossum densum, Lindi.
Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 302. C. peristyloides, Reichb. f. in Bonpland. 1890,
321. C. cernuum, Af. l. c. 1855, 250.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA, Wing (Herb. Calcutt.), the Kuasta Hiris, TENASSERIM,
and the DECCAN PENINSULA, from the Concan Southward.—DisTRIB. China.

Stem with the spike 6-30 in., usually slender, with many small sheaths above the
leaves, Leaves 1—4 in., sometimes all subradical, erect, bases sheathing, 5—7-nervec-
Spike 3-5 in.; flowers small, erect, greenish yellow or white, about 4 in. diam. ;
bracts 4—i in., broadly ovate-lanceolate, finely acuminate ; ovary } in.; sepals D m.
long, subequal, concave, lateral suberect, at length spreading, nerve very thick,
produced into a point under the apex of the sepal; lip with a large excavate base;
very variable in the length of the lobes, lateral spreading or recurved; anther

Habenaria.) ` oxtvitr. omontpx zs. (J. D. Hooker.) 157

D : i land
minute, cells parallel, tubes 0; pollinia short, grains large, caudicle and g `
obscure ; stigmatic processes clavate, rostellum erect, truncate, toothed ^ plicate, con-
cealing the glands of the pollinia.— Habit of H. viridiflora. In the : hasia T "n
the midlobe of the lip is much longer than in the Peninsular. pave 1a looked
culty in choosing a specific name, for Bentham, in adopting stenosige ge to from the
the older published one of tenuis. That of peristyloides may be o jected o band
plant being sectionally a Peristylus, though Wight did not recognize it as such,

it is preoccupied by A. Richard for an Abyssinian species.

80. H. cubitalis, Br. Prodr. 312; tall, slender, leaves scattered a sub-
ical, linear oblong or lanceolate acute, spike long ER blon
minute, bracts as long as the curved ovary or shorter, sep Se + the se ni
concave keeled, petals larger ovate-oblong, lip not excee nd d obtuse
Xd, side lobes Spreading and recurved, midlobe shorter Pl. tanthera
‘pur straight as long as the sepals nearly cylindric. 310. Orchis

cubitalis, Lind’. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 292; Thwaites Enum. 310.
cubitalis, Linn. Fi Zeyl. 320. d
The Krsra Mrs., TENAsSERIM, Parish, Ze, CEYLON ; Hermann, at Pasdoon
Corle, Thwaites. : bscure.
Stem with the slender spike 1-3 ft. Leaves 2-6 in., sessile, flat, DEN o ct,
Spike 8-19 in. ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, lower 4 in.; ovary ih th Dd
tip decurved ; sepals J; in., obtuse, l-nerved, nerve produced peneath, à short
orsal longest; and broadest; petals obliquely oblong, obtuse; lip wi: i cells
Concave claw, lateral lobes shorter than or equalling the sepals ; anther minute, cp
Parallel, tubes 0, pollinia short granular, caudicles and glands obscure d E lands
$ clavate ; rostellum erect, truncate, toothed, plicate, concealing the g two
of the pollinia.— Near H. stenostachya, but flowers much smaller. There are two
Orms in Ceylon, one with leaves scattered along the stem, and another also foun
enasserim with radical leaves ; the latter is, — .
‘ar, brevifolia ; leaves very short 1-14 in. radical linear-oblong. Cologne
brevifolium, LindJ. Gen. § Sp. Orchid. 302 (excl. hab. Nepal).—Tavoy, allich.
on, Walker & Garda. Wallich’s specimen in Herb. Linn. Soc. are not nomi We
by him, bat are ticketed, « Tavoy, Dec, 16, 1827." The number 7041 M ich Ms
«n put on the sheet by another hand, Wallich gave only to the Khasian p of > m-
linifolia H. khasiana, p. 151). To var. brevifolia he gave the mss. name of co
Melinifolia (not micrantha, as Lindley states in his Herbarium).

, Th Leaves cluste
WI Gardneri.) §
| 81. H. tipulifera, Par. & Reichb. f. in Trans. Linn, Soc. xxx. 139;
faves 4-6 inear-lanceolate acuminate, bracts very slender equalling `
slender Ovaries, lateral sepals linear obtuse, petals broader EM ong
j$ membranous, lateral segments of lip many times longer than the
“Pals capillary, mid one short subulate, spur clavate as long as the
sepals, ? Peristylus gracilis, Blume Bijdr. 406.
; at Moulmein, Parish.
boy t., with appressed sheaths below the leaves, and 1-2 lanceolate ones
® them, Leaves 5-8 by 3-1 in., clustered about the middle of the stem, m
le. Spike 6-10 in. ; flowers erect, small, distant ; bracts t es
ee M long, straight; sepals lin. long, l-nerved, dorsal ovate-ob ong nate
cell E lateral erect ; lip divided close to the narrow concave claw ; an Wgl tie
~ Parallel, tubes 0 pollinia clavate, caudicles very short, glands oblong; stigma
ining t ET licate, concealing the
a ` margining the claw of the lip; rostellum broad, p ; CC ht. erect. —
Very D the anther-cells and glands. Capsule} in., very slender, trag MR
dech TH. aristata, differing in the long narrow leaves and much longer very
ovary,

red round the middle of the stem (sometimes scattered
lender species; spike long, law-fld.

158 CXLVIII. ORCHIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Habenaria.

82. H. aristata, Hook. f.; very slender, leaves 3—5 elliptic-lanceolate
membranous, spike very slender lax-fld., bracts shorter than the shortly
beaked ovaries, sepals subequal linear obtuse, petals broader oblong mem-
branons, lip longer than the sepals 3-partite lateral segments longest
filiform or capillary, spur clavate or fusiform equalling or shorter than the
sepals. Peristylus aristatus, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 300; Thwaites
Enum, 310 (in part excl. syn.). P. exilis, Wight Ic. t. 1698.

Kuasta Hints, alt. 4-5000 ft. J. D. H. & T. T. Travancore; on the Pulney
Mts., Wight. CEYLON ; at Newera Elia, Thwaites.’

Stem with spike 18-20 in. Leaves 2-3 in., clustered around the middle of the
stem, sessile or subpetioled. Scape with a few narrow sheaths; bracts 4 in., ovate-
lanceolate ; flowers distant, } in. diam., greenish; ovary } in., erect; sepals and
petals membranous, l-nerved, 2 in. long; lip with a retrose spur over the concave
claw, lateral segments broad at the base sometimes very long and circinnate, spur
variable; anther minute, cells parallel, tubes 0, pollinia minute of few grains,
caudicles and glands obscure; stigmatic processes clavate; rostellum obscure.
Capsule $ in., fusiform.—The very minute column is so distorted by pressure that I
have failed to detect the relations of the rostellum to the gland of the pollinia.

83. H. Gardneri, Hook. f.; tall, leaves oblong-lanceolate acute,
spike narrow many-fld., bracts as long as the ovary, lateral sepals linear-
oblong faleate obtuse, petals larger broadly oblong obtuse, lip rather
longer than the sepals 3-partite lateral segments subulate recurved mid-
segment shorter obtuse, spur as long as the sepals incurved tip globose
didymous. Peristylus aristatus, Thwaites Enum. 310 (in part).

CEYLON, Gardner, Walker; Adam's Peak, Thwaites (C.P. 3081. Ic. in Herb.
Peradeniya, 2373 in Herb. Lindl.).

Stem with spike 14-30 in., stout or slender, naked below and above except for a
few sheaths. Leaves 2-3 in., usually clustered towards the middle of the stem,
spreading or suberect, strongly 5—7-nerved beneath, bases sheathing. Spike 6-14 in.,
rather stout ; lower bracts 4 in., ovate-lanceolate, acuminate ; ovary erect, j-3 1.5
sepals } in. long and petals spreading, lateral sepals falcate linear obtuse ; lip thick,
claw concave; anther small, cells parallel, tubes 0, pollinia pyriform grains large;
caudicles and glands obscure ; stigmatic processes clavate; rostellum erect, truncate,
toothed, plicate, concealing the glands of the pollinia. Capsule } in., erect, fusiform,
hardly beaked, very shortly pedicelled.— Differs from H. aristata in the large 812°
robust habit, less membranous leaves with strong nerves, larger flowers and longer
ovary and capsule. Near H. stenostachya, but the spike and ovaries are muc
longer, the stem naked below for several inches, and the spur shorter.

84. H. Stocksii, Hook. f.; rather stout, leaves obovate ox elliptic
obtuse acute or acuminate, spike strict twisted, flowers secund, bracts
longer than the ovaries, lateral sepals linear-oblong, dorsal elliptic, petals
larger ovate obtuse fleshy, lip shorter than the sepals obtusely 3-fid, spur
as long as the sepals straight or incurved subclavate.

The Concan and Mysore, Stocks, Ritchie, &c.

Stem with spike 6-18 in. Leares more or less clustered towards the midd
the stem, 4-6 in. long, usually petioled. Spike 3-6 in.; lower bracts often i n.
long, finely acuminate; ovary L-E in., curved; flowers i in. diam., yellowis i
lateral sepals at length reflexed ; lateral lobes of lip incurved, claw broad concave;
anther minute, cells parallel, pollen clavate; stigmatic lobes clavate ; rostellum
minute, erect, 2-fid.—Very like H. Lawii, but spur quite different.

le of

** Spur much shorter than the sepals, globose or ellipsoid.

Habenaría.] ` ostem, ORCHIDEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 159
T Stem leafy, leaves scattered or subimbricate.

85. H. breviloba, Hook. f. ; slender, leaves oblong-lanceolate acumi-
nate, spike short dense-fld., bracts about equalling the ovary, lateral sepals
lanceolate, petals broadly oblong, lip as long as the sepals obcordate sub-

flabelliform, spur minute inflated incurved. Peristylus brevilobus, Thwaites
Enum. 311.

CEYLON; near Ratnapoora, Thwaites. . .

Stem with spike 10-18 in., naked below. Leaves 2-3 by 2-1 in., bases sheathing,
nerves very slender, Spike (young) 1 in.; bracts lanceolate, finely acuminate ;
ovary + in.; lateral sepals linear-lanceolate, subacute, l-nerved ; petals oblong,
obtuse, 3-nerved ; lip sessile at the base of the column; anther oblong, truncate,
cells parallel, tubes 0; stigmatic processes 0; rostellum 3-fid, concealing the small
polliniar glands.—A very anomalous species, the flowers are too young for satis-
actory analysis. Thwaites describes the lip as having a minute midlobe.

86. H. malabarica, Hook. f.; stem leafy, leaves many ovate or
lanceolate acuminate upper passing into bracts longer than the flowers,
‘pikes many-fld ovary very short, lateral sepals linear, petals obliquely
ovate-oblong obtuse, lip as long as the sepals deeply trifid, lateral seg-
ments subulate recurved, mid one straight, spur a small globose didymous

2 Ke 2^ l Peristylus brachyphyllus, 4. Rich. in Ann. Se. Nat. Ser.

Nizan, and Bababudan Hills in Canara, Heyne, Perrottet, Stocks.
em rather stout, 6-12 in. Leaves 1-2} in., bases sheathing, nerves very
l nder, Spike 2-4 in, rather dense-fld.; bracts herbaceous, lower j-i in. or
"Rer, often twice as long as the flowers, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, sheathing ;
tip gais lateral sepals as long, erect or spreading, l-nerved, apiculate below the
jb dorsal elliptic obtuse faintly 3-nerved; base of lip 3-lobed above the concave
W, contracted at the base of the segments; spur incurved or not; anther-cells
da allel, glands of pollinia concealed by the 3-fid rostellum; stigmatic processes
avate.— Habit of H, peristyloides & concinna.

lat N.H. torta, Hook, f. ; small, slender, subbasal leaves linear-lanceo-
b ` Upper Passing into narrow sheaths, spike very slender lax-fld. twisted,
mg Onger than the very small secund flowers, lateral sepals linear
midi’ Petals linear-oblong, lip equalling the sepals 3-cleft beyond the
ma e, lobes short obtuse lateral spreading or incurved midlobe straig M
lv 69 minute sac, Peristylus spiralis, A. Rich. in Ann..Se. Nat. Ser. 2,
U^ t2B; Wight Te. 4. 1696.

in dà the Wester Guats ; from the Concan to Travancore, Wight, yc. CEYLON,
tem 7 Province, alt. 4-7000 ft. l be or
acu eet a the spike 6-18 in., often flexuous. Leaves 1-24 in., obtuse acu r
often fi ^ nerveless, passing into the sheaths of the scape. Spike 2-4 in., racl `

xuous ; bracts i-i in., lanceolate, acuminate; flowers decurved, greenis

White .
Varia) lateral Sepals reflexed, 35-4 in. long, dorsal liuear-oblong obtuse; Wé very
concave” c1 eshy, broader or narrower than long, base truncate above the short
tellu beten, anther minute, cells parallel; stigmatic processes clavate ;

Peninsular. een the cells, 3-fid.—The Ceylon plant has larger flowers than the

as | sheaths eav fe Look stem v with one or
ng or] ; l ew oblong o ovate-obl ong acute, spike many-fid., bracts
on

ger than the ovary, lateral sepals linear-oblong obtuse, petals

160 CL, oROHIDE.. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Habenaria,

broadly ovate fleshy obtuse or apiculate, lip shorter than the sepals broad
obtusely 3-lobed at the apex, spur a minute globose sac.

Naca HILLS in UPPER Assam; on Kohima, Prain. Upper Burma (in Herb.
Calcutt.).

Stem 12-18 in., naked below, and above except for a few lanceolate sheaths,
Leaves 14-2 in., obtuse or acute, sessile, nerves obscure. Spike 2-3 in., rather
dense-fld. ; bracts subulate-lanceolate, acuminate, not herbaceous, lower $ in. ; ovary
1-i in. ; flowers nearly horizontal; sepals j-1 in. long, apiculate behind the tip,
1 nerved ; lip with a broad concave claw; anther small short broad, cells parallel ;

stigmatic processes rather long; rostellum minute, 3-fid.

89. H. robustior, Hook, f.; stem tall slender naked below, leaves
close set ovate-lanceolate acuminate passing into foliaceous imbricating
bracts much longer than the flowers, spike many-fld., flowers erect, lateral
sepals linear acute, petals oblong obtuse, lip longer than the sepals 3-partite
lateral segments elongate subulate recurved over the flower, mid one shorter
straight obtuse, spur very small ellipsoid or fusiform. Peristylus lancifo-
lius, A. Rich. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2, xv. 69, t. 2 C. P. robustior, Wight
Ic. t. 1699. Gymnadenia secunda, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7054. Cclo-
glossum secundum, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 303. Satyrum foliosum,
Herb. Heyne.

MALABAR; in the Bababucan Hills, Heyne. Nrraninr HILLS, Perrotéet, Lobb.
TRAVANCORE; in the Pulney Hills, Wight.

Stem 1-2 ft., sometimes naked for a foot, then leafy, the leaves gradually
diminishing upwards. Leaves 2-3 in., suberect or spreading, bases sheathing,
nerves obscure. Spike 2-6 in. ; bracts twice as long as the flowers, lower 4-1 m.
long, green; ovaries į in. loug, nearly straight; lateral sepals 4 in., ]-nerved,
reflexed ; petals nearly as long, 2-3-nerved ; lip 2-auricled at the small concave
claw ; anther-cells parallel; stigmatic processes long ; rostellum 3-fid, between the
cells. Capsule X in., oblong, erect.— Wight's figure ot P. robustior has the flowers
large, bracts shorter and side segments of lip much larger and more slender than M
his specimens, which bear the mss. name of P. persimilis.

90. H. Hamiltoniana, Hook. f.; stem tall slender naked below,
leaves linear-lanceolate acuminate, spike dense-fld., bracts filiform muc
longer than the minute flowers, lateral sepals linear-oblong obtuse, petals
broadly oblong, lip shorter than the sepals broad shortly obtusely 3-lobed,
spur globose. Herminium Hamiltonianum, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7069.
Peristylis Hamiltonianus, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 299. Orchis
micranthema, Herb. Ham.

NEPAL; in the Mornng, Hamilton. SIKKIM HIMALAYA, Griffith’s Collectors
(Kew Distrib. 53356). Kuasta Mrs: on Shillong, Clarke. ,

Stem 6-12 in., stout or slender, elongate and sheathed below the leaves, and with
one or two filiform sheaths above them. Leaves 4—6 by 1-1 in., or broader, some
times overtopping the spike, nerves obscure. Spike 3—6 in.; bracts 1-4 in., often
tortuous (when dry); ovary }—4 in., slender, suberect ; sepals 4 in., 1-nerved, nerve
strong, excurrent below the tip, dorsal oblong; lip broadly euneate, base broad,
concave, lobes variable; spur large for the size of the flower, bladdery ; anther
cells parallel, glands of pollinia exposed on each side of the minute rostellum;
stigmatic processes large, clavate.— Habit of H. robustior, but the flowers are muc
smaller, the lateral sepals obtuse, and the spur globose.

tt Leaves clustered about the middle of the stem.

91. H. gigas, Hook. f.; stem very stout and tall, leaves elliptic
acuminate, spike very many and dense-fld., bracts membranous longe

Habenaria.] CXLVIII. ORCHIDEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 161

than the flowers, lateral sepals 1 in. long lanceolate acuminate, petals as
long gibbously ovate obtusely acuminate, lip as long as the sepals obtusely
trifid lobes subparallel, spur very shortly oblong.

PERAK ; in the Patong Padang Valley, Wray.

Stem 4-5 ft., hollow at the base, nearly an inch diam., nearly 3 ft. before leafing ;
sheaths above the leaves few. Leaves 8-10 by 3-4 in., narrowed into a petiole.
Spike 8 in., cylindric, lax-fld. below; bracts 3 in., lanceolate; ovaries } in. ; flowers
pale green; sepals 1-nerved, E in. long, dorsal linear-oblong, obtuse; petals with
fleshy tips ; lip rather oblong, lobes subequal ; spur an incurved sac; anther Ke i-
cular, cells parallel, tubes upcurved, pollinia clavate subsessile on the large o ong
glands which have recurved sides; stigmatic processes large, clavate, adnate to t e
sides of the lip; rostellum small. Capsule ł in., sessile, linear-oblong, obtuse, no
twisted.—Resembles a huge H. goodyeroides, but leaves petioled, flowers smaller, lip
shorter, capsule much longer.

92. H. goodyeroides, Don Prodr. 25; stem 1-2 ft. stout, leaves
elliptic-oblong or -lanceolate acute, spike elongate dense-fid., flowers sub-
secund, bracts equalling or exceeding the ovary, lateral sepals lin. linear-
or ovate-oblong obtuse, petals gibbously ovate, lip as long as the sepals
trifid, spur minute. Peristylus goodyeroides, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid.
9; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 970: Royle Ill. t. 87, f. 2. P. grandis,
Blume Bijdr, 405, Herminium goodyeroides, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7066.

SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA ; from Kumaon to Bhotan, alt. 2-5000 ft. The
HASIA Mrs, and SILHET, MuxNNIPORE, TENASSERIM and the ANDAMAN ISLANDS.
D eran PENINSULA, from Behar (on Parusnath) and the Concan to Travancore.

CISTRIE. Java, Phili ine Islands. .
Stem 1-2 ft. tout. Leaves 6-10 by 2-3 ft., base contracted, hardly petioled.
Pike 4-19 in.; bracts lanceolate, membranous; flowers about $ in. diam., very
Variable in size, yellowish green; sepals }-1 in.; lip recurved, sessile, lobes very
= "Dr Spur subglobose fusiform or clavate; anther small, tubes very short,
Pollinia clavate, caudicles hardly any; glands small; stigmatic processes short
navate; rostellum erect, toothed. Capsule } in., sessile, fusiform, acute.—The

eylon habitat given by Thwaites no doubt refers to H. Wightii, which has been
confounded with this.

93. H. constricta, Hook. f.; stem stout tall, leaves elliptic acute
gj; eruminate, spike dense-fld. Läd, bracts as long or longer than, the
aa lateral sepals linear-lanceolate, petals larger ovate-oblong g “idle
A the lower side, lip rather longer than the sepals 3-fid to the middle
8 e lobes slender longer than the midlobe, spur globose. Platanthera, for

t indi, in Wall. Cat. 7043. Herminium constrictum, Linc Md.
aw 9. under t. 1449. Peristylus constrictus, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid.

tehis leucantha, Herb. Ham.

T. e Sikkim, J. D. H. Kuasta Hiris, alt. 2-4000 ft., J. D. H. y
Sen, 4, NASSERIM ; at Moulmein, Helfer (Kew Distrib. 5357), e or broadly
Pio] with Spike 2-3 ft. Leaves 4—6 by 23-4 in., narrowed at the base o À

A D . e BC i . d "sal
lanceolai pike 4-8 in. ; bracts large; flowers yellowish; sepals à 3 in., dors

; tubes short; pollinia clavate, caudicles short, glands large ; stigmatic pro-

j rostellum 2-fid, erect.

9 x P sile ovate-

ob] ". arishii, Mook. f.; stem short stout, leaves ses

maj D. Pile arrow elongati bracts linear-lanceolate longer than the

rate op ners oth erect, lateral sepals linear-oblong obtuse, petals middle.
VoL, m è lip as long as the sepals shortly 3-lobed beyon x ,

162 CXLVIII. ORCHIDEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Habenaria.

spur very short fusiform. Peristylus Parishii, Reichb. f. in Trans. Linn.
Soc. xxx. 139.

TENASSERIM ; at Moulmein, Parish. .

Stem below the leaves very stout, 3-4 in., laxly sheathed, above the stem 3-6 in.,
with 2-3 lanceolate sheaths. ` Leaves 3-5 by 13-2 in., acute or acuminate. Spike
4—6 in.; bracts 4-3 in. with filiform tips and flowers appressed to the rachis; ovary
} in. ; sepals } in. ; petals ovate-cordate, obtuse; lip very variable in form, broad or
narrow, lobes short obtuse, or the middle one narrower and longer.— Turns black in
drying. The specimens are not good. Perhaps a form of goodyeroides.

95. H. Wightii, Trimen Cat. Ceyl. Pl. 91; tall, leaves oblong-
lanceolate acuminate, spike elongate narrow dense-fld., bracts longer than
the ovary, flowers small, lateral sepals oblong obtuse dorsal shorter
orbicular or very broadly ovate, petals very broad obliquely orbicular
nerves branched, lip shorter than the sepals broad entire or shortly
3-lobed, spur small scrotiform. H. goodyeroides, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 38%
(not of Lindl.. Peristylus plantagineus, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 300;
Wight Ic. t. 921 ; Thwaites Enum. 310. P. elatus, Dalz. in Hook. Journ.
Bot. iii. (185) 344.

The Concan, Nimmo; Malwan, Dalzell, &c. TRAVANCORE; at Paul Ghat,
Wight. CEYLON, Macrae.

Stem 1-2 ft., rather stout, loosely sheathed below the leaves and with lanceolate
sheaths above them. Leaves 5-7 by 231-3 in., acute or acuminate. Spike
4-8 in. ; bracts j in., lanceolate; ovary i-i iu.; flowers greenish white; sepals
l-nerved, lateral 3 in., apiculate below the lip, dorsal } in. shorter; lip contracte
beyond the very short broad concave base; anther rounded, cells parallel with
short recurved tubes; pollinia clavate, caudicles very short, glands small solid ;
stigmatic processes short; rostellum short, acute.— Dalzell describes the petals a$
longer than the sepals. I do not find the erect long narrow processes on each side

of the anther figured in Bot. Mag.—The Travancore plant figured by Wight pre
cisely resembles the Concan one.

96. H. Lawii, Hook. f.; stem slender not tall, leaves few elliptic °°
lanceolate, spike slender, flowers few or many distant very small, bracts
longer than the ovary, sepals obtuse, dorsal elliptic, lateral linear-oblong:
sepals very broad obtuse, lip as long as the sepals broadly obtusely Gan

spur small globose or clavate. Peristylus Lawii, Wight Ic. t. 1695 ; Dalz.
& Gibs. Bomb, Fl. 270.

L BEMAR; on Parusnath, alt. 4200 ft., Clarke. The Concan and MAIS%
aw, &c.

Stem 6-10 in., loosely sheathed below the leaves. Leaves 3-5, membranous, 34
by 1-2 in., subpetioled, acute. Spike narrow, strict, 2-3 in., lax-fld. ; bracts oye
ovate-lanceolate, membranous; ovary } in., straight or curved, almost beaked ;
flowers $ in. diam., yellow ; sepals LL in., 1-nerved, at length spreading ; petals
thick ; lip broad with a concave claw ; anther-cells parailel, tubes 0, pollinia clavate,
caudicle 0, glands smail, stigmatic processes clavate ; rostellum short, acute.— Wight $
figure is of a very indifferent few-fld. specimen.

97. H. Brandisii, Hook. f.; very slender, leaves scattered towar®
the middle of the stem linear- or oblong-lanceolate acute, spike very 10%
laxly many-fld., bracts nearly as long as the erect not beaked ovary, late?
sepals linear obtuse, petals broader ovate-oblong, lip clawed 3-partites
segments much longer than the sepals, lateral segments capillary, midlo
short, spur very short globose. ?

Peau, Brandis (Herb. Hort. Caleutt.).

Habenaria.] CXLVIII. ORCHIDEX. (J.D. Hooker.) 163

„Siem with spike 20 in. Leaves 3-5 in., membranous, upper smaller. Spike
8 in., very slender; bracts À in., ovate-lanceolate; flowers 1 in. diam.; sepals and
petals membranous, 1-nerved, lateral sepals deflexed ; long segments of lip 1 in.;
spur sub 2-lobed, with a very short contracted neck; ovary small, with a thick
dorsal ridge and terminal beak, cells parallel (tubes short upcurved ?) ; pollen grains
few, large, glands not seen; stigmatic processes clavate; rostellum erect between
the cells,— Closely allied to H. aristata, though with so different a spur.

ttt Leaves few radical, or solitary and cauline.

1 38. H. lacertifera, Benth. Fl. Hongk. 362; stem or scape stout or
slender with few or many erect sheaths, leaves usually radical ovate or
oblong, spike elongate few- or many-fld., bracts narrow longer than the
Mick very small flowers, lateral sepals linear-oblong obtuse, lip equalling
or fonger than the sepals trifid tripartite or obtusely 3-toothed, lobes or
Cements short subequal or the lateral long, spur minute ovoid or globose.
Pe -oglossum lacertiferum & acuminatum, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 302.
d nistylus chloranthus, Lindl. in Kew Journ. Bot. vii. (1855) 97. Gymna-

"na ? tenuiflora, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7055. Cheeradoplectron Spiranthes,

chauer in Pl. Meyen. 436, t. 13 C.

and TABLA, Naga and MuxwrPogE Hirrs, alt. 24500 ft., TENASSERIM, TAVOY
,, RANG, Wallich —DtrsrRrs. Hong Kong. l
acute or 6-10 n. ; Sheaths i-l in, lanceolate. Leaves few, 1-2 in., spreading,
ovar 9 tuse. Spike 3-10 in., slender, lax- or dense-fld. ; loweribracts often 5 in. ;
oblon, "n m., slender, erect, not beaked; sepals 1-1 in., 1-nerved, dorsal ovate-
length of tuse ; petals variable, rather thick; lip very variable in length, and in
anther mi obes or segments, limb with a short spur over the short broad claw;
0 me ZAIT: cells nearly parallel, tubes O; pollinia ovoid, grains large, glands
the base stigmatic processes small; rostellum a plicate-membrane stretched across
oblon M the anther but not? concealing the glands. Capsule $ in., sessile,
errs $ o 38e Both this and the following var. are found in Penang. Lindley
tentaculata (B ‘ Nepal, Wallich,” asa habitat. I suspect that Lindley s Glossula
filiform side (Bot. of the lip, ” of Hong Kong, is only a form of this with elongate
vw ad es very stout, 12-18 in., leaves 3-5 by $-l in., spike very long
One, Pp. lateral segments of lip slender exserted much longer than the middle
` mang, Wallich, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1662, Spiranthes), Curtis.

un Hs gracillima, Hook. f.; stem long filiform, leaves subradical

an y linear, spike elongate, flowers few minute distant, bracts shorter

obtuse fle ovaries, lateral sepals linear-oblong, petals broader ovate

inflated 2 Shy, lip very short fleshy trifid lobes obtuse, spur very short
“lobed. Cologlossum Mannii, Reichb. f. in Linnea xli. of.

Kwa
‘em d ILLS, alt. 45000 ft., on grassy hills, common. MUNNIPORE, Clarke.
acuminate » in, with a few subulate sheaths. Leaves 1-3 by $i in, alternate,
in "Dite 2-6 in. ; flowers 1 in. apart; bracts j in.; ovary 4 1n.; Sepals

irl, Lenepy : 2 . te

than the bea ; In shorter than the sepals, elaw as broad as and hardly shorter

subsessile ade, midlobe rather the longest; pollinia most minute, broadly pyriform,
On one large flat ovate (2-fid ?) gland, grains large.

109 Sect. VI. PuvniLosmACHYa. (See p. 132.)
or Gen Saleandra, Benth. Fl. Hongk. 263; leaves oblong obtuse
cuneiform]. base contracted, bracts ovate, lowers 3 in. diam., lip broadly
0 ee? obovate or obcordate, spur a short conical sac. Platanthera
à, Lindl, in Wall. Cat. 7050; Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 290. P. gale-
x 2

164 CXLVIII. ORCHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) ^ [Habenariü.

andra, Reichb. f. in Linnea, xxv. 226. P. Championi, Lindl. in Hook.
Journ. Bot. vii. (1855) 28. Gymnadenia obcordata & galeandra, Reichb. f.
Ot. Hamb. 32, 33. Orchis obcordata, Don Prodr. 230. O. Susanne,
Herb. Heyne.

WESTERN HIMALAYA; Nepal, Wallich; Kumaon, Blinkworth, alt. 7000 ft.
Strachey & Winterbottom. CENTRAL INDIA; Hawalbagh, Clarke.—DiSTkIP.
China.

Tubers small, globose or oblong. Stem 6-8 in., rather slender, glabrous or
puberulous. Leaves 1-2 in., rarely subacute; bases not sheathing. Spike 2-4 in. ;
bracts oblong-ovate or lanceolate, lower twice as long as the pale purple flowers,
upper shorter; ovaries 4 in. long, glabrous or puberulous; dorsal sepal ovate,
lateral falcately lanceolate; petals rather narrower, obtuse; lip shortly clawed,
base puberulous; anther-cells approximate; rostellum very minute.—I do not find
the difference between the spurs of the Indian and Chinese plant that Lindley
indicates.

Var. nilagirica; leaves broader acute, bases sheathing. Platanthera affinis,
Wight Ic. t. 1693.— Travancore, on the Pulney Mts., Heyne, Wight. .

VAR. major; stem 12-18 in., leaves and larger flowers more remote,—Khasia
Hills; at Myrung, alt. 5009 ft., J. D. H. ¥ T. T.

101. H. jantha, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii. 626; leaves imbricate
ovate or lanceolate amplexicaul acuminate, flowers 2 in. diam., lip broadly
flabelliform or orbicular-obovate retuse crenulate, spur very short conical
obtuse. Platanthera jantha, Wight Ic. v. 11 (? t. 1692).

MALABAR and TRAVANCORE; on the Nilghiri and Pulney Mts., Wight. .

Except in being more robust and having much larger flowers, this hardly differs
from H. obcordata. Wight gives the larger flowers as a character, but in his figure
t. 1692 they are represented as even smaller. In his specimen the lip is £ in. diam. ;
he describes the flowers as deep lilac, and the leaves as of the same colour and
streaked with a darker shade.— Probably a large state H. obcordata.

102. H. Melferi, Hook. f.; stem pubescent, leaves and bracts linear-
or oblong-lanceolate acuminate, flowers 1-11 in. diam., lip very large
orbicular cucullate, spur infundibular acute. Gymnadenia Helferi, Reichb.
JF. in Flora 1872, 276 ; in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 189.

Assam (Herb. Wight) KHASIA Mrs., Simons. TENASSERIM, at Moulmein, Lobb.
Helfer, Parish. .

Stem 12-18 in., rather stout; tubers oblong. Leaves 4-8 in., sessile, acuminate,
base narrowed. Flowers shortly pedicelled; sepals falcately-lanceolate, acuminate,
nearly 1 in. long, green, lateral at length recurved ; petals ovate-lanceolate, acuminate,
green; lip twice as large as the sepals, very concave with recurved edges, folded down
the centre, purple; anther obtusely apiculate, cells narrow parallel, tubes very short,
pollinia clavate, as long as their broadly winged caudicles, glands approximate, rather
large; stigmatic processes obscure; rostellum small, fleshy, 3-lobed, erect between
the gland. Capsule $ in., linear-oblong, sessile, erect, ribs thick.— Reichenbach
describes the lip as broad or narrow.

Sect. VII. PrzcrocLossa. (See p. 182.)

103. E. Perrottetiana, A. Rich. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 9, xv. 1%
t. 4 B. Platanthera lutea, Wight Ic. t. 919. H. lutea, Benth. in Journ.
Linn. Soc. xviii. 954; Gen. Plant. iii. 626.

TRAVANCORE; as the Pu!ney Mts. amongst long grass, Wight. Nilghiri Hills,
Perrottet.

Stem 1-2 ft., very stout; clothed with short imbricating amplexicaul sheathing
acuminate leaves 2-3 in. long that pass upward into the bracts. Spike 6-8 1D. 5

Habenaría.] CXLVIII. ORCHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 165

bracts foliaceous, broadly ovate, 11-2 in. long, cymbiform, acuminate; ovary 2 in.
long, erect, slender, beaked, narrowly winged; sepals erect, 2 in., ovate-oblong,
obtuse, concave ; petals erect, as long, linear, obtuse; lip as long as the sepals, very
coriaceous, triplicate in bud, being folded longitudinally down the middle, with the
side lobes appressed to the midlobe, and each also folded down the middle with the
concavity inwards, long clawed, cuneately obovate, obtuse, claw geniculate ; side lobes
linear-oblong, obtuse, incurved, shorter than the triangular ovate midlobe ; spur
pendulous, subclavate; anther broad, bases of cells shortly upcurved ; pollinia large,
pyriform, grains large, caudicles short, glands small orbicular.— The stigmatic pro-
cesses differ from those of any other Indian Habenaria, A. Richard figures them
as clavate as in most Habenarie, but I have never found them so, though I have
"mined many flowers, The rostellum? forms a broad triangular acute plate
extending across the column, and reaching to the bases of the anther-cells.

Sect. VIII. Dirnuyrax. (See p. 1833.) .

104. H. urceolata, Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxv. 79, t. 30.
Diphylax urceolata, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. t. 1865.

Sirr Himazaya; Yakla, alt. 10,000 ft., and Naca Hirrs, alt. 9000 ft.,

arke,

Root unknown. Stem very slender, recurved, with the raceme 4-6 in. high

wes one large (2-4 in.) subradical, elliptie-lanceolate, acute, and several small
Scattered ones alternate higher up, all membranous, 5-7-nerved. Racemes 2-3 in.,
decurved ; flowers secund, 4-1 in. diam., very shortly pedicelled ; bracts ovate e
Anceolate, as long as the short ovary; sepals white and rosy ; petals 1-nerved ; ip
s Lets lanceolate, terminal half solid terete acuminate green, spur inflated, nearly
^ ong as the sepals; anther beaked, cells contiguous, parallel, pollinia oblong,
grains large, candicles very short.

Sect. IX. Drrvra. (See p. 183.)
105. H. secundiflora, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined.
Sc. Atping HiMALAYA; Kumaon, alt. 9-10,000 ft., Duthie. Sikkim, alt. 14,000

"9 D. H.; in Chumbi, King's Collector .
Tubers globose, small. Stem 3-5 in., erect or recurved. Leaves 2-5 in., linear,

a . : . 7

dene gto sides complicate, bases sheathing. Spike 1-2 in., more or less recurved,

th e-fid. flowers secund, pink; bracts linear-lanceolate, lower }-3 in. longer thi
e flowers , ?

j Ovary $ iu. curved; sepals lanceolate, l-nerved ; petals much narrower,
‘te; lip as long as the sepals. sessile, linear-oblong, trifid to about the middle,
ong as the strongly-nerved, lobes parallel, lanceolate, acuminate ; spur near! ye s
anth e sepals, conoidal, slightly contracted at the base, inflated, apex su i iy
" membranous ; pollinia clavate, grains very large, caudicles short, glands arge ;
rastel membranous, —The resemblance to H. urceolata is remarkable ; lobes of the
name nm inflected over the glands of the pollinia like two flaps or doors, whenc

l Sect. X. Diırarıx. (See p. 133.) B
Qn. Ade (Dithrix) decipiens, Hook. f., Ic. Plant. ined.—Herminium,
* “otu iii, 270; Te, Plant, Asiat. t. 285 f. 1.

Ze w 000 ft., Thomson.—
Disrarp. Aa E37 INDIA; Edgeworth, alt. 3000 ft. ; Lahul, alt. 4-5 et mson
No, eg Afghanistan, Gr ifith, (Kew Distrib., 5326.) Kurrum Valley, Aitchison

T
leny, ^ small oblong. Stem 5-8 in., rather slender, erector flexuous, laxly

, lovate-lanceolate
Obtuse, laters) GET, and sepals about as long, soft, 1-nerved ; dorsa PN ate,
near-oblong, tip rounded, petals as long, narrowly

166 CXLVIII. ORCHIDEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Habenaria.

3-nerved; lip as long as the sepals, obscurely 3-nerved, narrowed from the base up-
wards, terminal teeth acute, middle one longest.— The analysis of the dried flowers
has been very difficult, and repeated many times; the capillary stamnodia long
escaped detection. Resembles a small Spiranthes of the S. æstivalis type, with
which it was confounded in Griffith’s Herbarium.

IMPERFECTLY KNOWN SPECIES.

H. AFFINIS, Don Prodr. 25; Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. is a small state of
H. goodyeroides. .

H. CARANJENSIS, Dalz, in Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. (1850) 262; Dalz. A Gibs.
Bomb. Pl. 267; lower leaves somewhat rounded, upper oblong-lanceolate 3-nerved,
bracts shorter than the ovary 3-nerved, flowers small, yellow, dorsal sepal rounded,
petals half ovate obtuse, lip tripartite, midsegment oblong rather obtuse, lateral
shorter cuneate truncate, spur clavate shorter than the ovary.—The Concan ; Island
of Caranjah, Dalzell.

H. GRACILIS, Coleb. im Hook. Exot. Fl. t. 195, a Silhet plant, figured and
described by Colebrooke (in Hook. Ezot. Fl, and to which he attributes an
articulated fibrous root. I know of no plant in this least like the figure. Lindley
( Gen, & Sp. Orchid. 302) suggests its being possibly his Cæloglossum brevifolium
(H. eubitalis, 8). It is possibly a bad drawing of H. peristyloides.

H. Lopn, Reichb. f. in Linnea, xli. 50; leaf cuneately oblong ligulate
acuminate, raceme 2 ft. lax-fld., bracts half as long as the pedicelled ovary
oblong acuminate, dorsal sepal ovate apiculate cucullate 3-nerved, lateral triangular
retrorse 3-nerved, petals linear faleate l-nerved, lip tripartite, lateral segments
linear retrorse, midsegments twice as long linear obtusely acute, spur filiform shorter
than |the pedicelled ovary tip clavate, anther erect emarginate, tubes ascending,
staminodes triangular.— E. Indies, T. Lobb. Flowers rather larger than those ot
H. leptoceras, Hook. Bot. Mag., t. 2726 (a Brazilian species). .

H. LONGIBRACTEATA ; Hook. f. ; stem stout leafy 2-3 ft., leaves 6 by 3-4 in.
linear-oblong acute margins thickened, bracts 2-3 in. narrowly linear-lanceolate
finely acuminate, lip 3-partite, segments linear lateral shorter, spur short obtuse.
Platanthera longibracteata, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7048; Gen & Sp. Orchid. 293.—
Burma, on the banks of the Irawaddy at Seendya, Wallich. Wallich’s specimens
are in very young bud only, and the description of the flowers taken from Lindley
cannot be depended on. It is a noble species, and should be sought for in Burma.

H. MODESTA, Dalz. in Hook, Journ. Bot. ii. (1850) 262; Dalz. A: Gibs. Bomb. Fi.
267 ; stem leafy at the base, naked above, bracts half as long as the ovary, flowers
greenish white, lip 3-fid, lateral divisions linear lanceolate free spreading, mid one
shorter ovate obtuse cohering with the tips of the petals and upper sepal and con-
cealing the column, spur filiform hardly clavate a little longer than the ovary.—The
Concan, at Salsette, Dalzell. Description from Dalzell, who does not appear to have
seen leaves; itis, perhaps, H. stenostachya.

H. PELORIOIDES, Par. & Reichb.f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 139, t. 27, f. ^;
tall, robust, leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate passing into copious sheaths, spike
many-fid., bracts large equalling the ovary ciliolate, sepals subequal lanceolate
acuminate, lip linear, spur 0. TENASSERIM; Amherst by the seaside, Parish. Stem
a foot high. eaves 2-3 in., largest subradical; upper sheaths slender, passing
into the bracts the lower of which are 14 in. long. Spike 2-3 in., many-fid. ;
sepals 3 in. long, membranous; petals as long as the sepals, lanceolate, 1-nerved ; lip
very narrow; anther-cells elongate, with very long erect tubes, stigmatic processes
long. Capsule ł in., sessile, fusiform.—An anomalous plant, clearly a Peloria form.
] have seen but one indifferent specimen,

H. vxirLoRA, Don Prodr, 25. Platanthera uniflora, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid:

. 2957 is probaby a state of H. triflora.

107. DIPLOMERIS, Don.
Terrestrial small 2-fld. and 1-9-leaved. Leaves ensiform or oblong.

Diplomeris.] CXLVIII. ORCHIDEX. (J.D. Hooker.) 167

Flowers large. Sepals subequal, free, lanceolate, spreading. Petals longer
and broader. Tip sessile at the base of the column, spreading, very broad,
entire, spurred. Column very short; rostellum broadly dilated, mem-
branous, beneath which is a broad oblong lamina from the column ; anther-
cells thick, parallel, tubes very long incurved ascending; caudicles of
pollinia very long siender, glands small naked; stigmatic processes 0;
rostellum prominent between the anther-cells.

l. D. pulchella, Don Prodr. 26 (excl. hab.); glabrous, leaves ensi-
form, lip broadly obcordate. Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 330; in Journ.
Lim. Soe. iii. 44. Diplochilos longifolium, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7064; in
ot. Reg. under t.1499, Orchis uniflora, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 452; Grif.
Notul, iii. 368. Habenaria uniflora, Griff. Ic. Plant. Asiat. t. 338, f. 2.
‘agnathis pulchella, Spreng. Syst. Veg. iii. 694.

Ener: Hints, alt, 4-5000 ft., Rowburgh, Wallich, &e.

Rootstock creeping, subtuberous and fibrous; stem short. Leaves usually 2,
em br 2-4 in, acute. Scape about equalling the leaves, naked, 1-fld. ;
ract cymbiform, green, acuminate; flower 1-1} in. diam., white; sepals ovate-
^ Ceolate, acute ; petals much larger, broadly obovate rounded or ovate-oblong ;
pi In. diam., sinus cuspidate ; spur 14 in., incurved or upcurved, thickened beyond

nulle tip acute.—Don gives “ Nepal, Wallich,” as the habitat, but Wallich’s
igne tne are from the Silhet Mts, (Khasia hills). Don's generic description 1s unintel-

e, and he erroneously describes the flowers as rose purple.

?. D. hirsuta, Lindl. G ; . hi leaf oblong,
i . Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 331; hirsute, lea S
lip puneately orbicular. Diplochilos hirsutum, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7069 ;
ot. Reg. under t, 1499.

Tropicar HIMALAYA; Nepal, Wallich; Western Bhotan, alt. 1500 ft., Gammic.
Lu: * globose, Leaf 2-2} in., radical, with sometimes a small second. Scape
oblong, sy Owers l} in. diam. ; bract oblong, sheathing ; sepals 5-nerved, ova i

$ Subacute ; petals very much larger, orbicular ; lip,with a short slender c aw,
ing” " rounded, apiculate or not; spur lj in., very slender, incurved an

108. HEMIPILIA, Lindl.

Terrestrial l-leave i d. Flowers

- d tuberous herbs. Leaf radical, broad. s

ay racemose, Sepals equal in length, naaa spreading. Petals broadly

> ip continuous with the column, broad, obscurely 3-lobe l,
jectin Spur trumpet-shaped. Column very short; rostellum broa

0; anthe from between the anther cells, complicate; stigmatic Prone

Pollinia 9 cella Subdivergent, tips produced into grooves of the rostellum ;

» &udicles long, glands distant exposed.

ip E Cordifolta, Lindl. Gen, & Sp. Orchid: 290; leat ovate-cordate,

ind] in oblong, spur longer than the sepals. Platanthera cordifolia .
"" n Wall. Cat. 7049; Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 296.

i rie TEMPERATE HIMALAYA ; alt. 4-500-7000 ft., from Nepal, Wallich, to

, amble, >

ban A ` Zoe Leaf 2-4 in., amplexicaul, acute, many-nerved. Scape with few or

Tal sepa] ie, 4-10 in,; bracts shorter than the ovary; flowers i-$ n 3

p oblong obtuse, lateral faleately oblong; petals subacute; lip w ith low

tells Dear] 9 lobes and a broad suberenate midlobe, spur recurved ; anther sessile,

Y parallel, pollinia clavate, caudicles short, glands rather distant.

2, DI € m lod .
* calophylla, Par, & Reichb. f. in Journ. Bot. xii. (1874) 197;

168 CXLVIII. ORCHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [.Hemipilia.

leaf ovate or oblong, lip obcordate, spur shorter than the sepals, Reichb. f.
in Ot. Hamb. 38; Bot. Mag. t. 6920.

TENASSERIM ; on limestone rocks at Moulmein, Gilbert, Parish.

Leaf 3-5 in., from almost orbicular-ovate to linear-oblong acute, and slender scape
and bracts dark green mottled with brown. Scape with few-fld. racemes 6-8 in.;
flowers distant, 2 in. diam. ; bracts shorter than the ovary ; dorsal sepal oblong, and
lateral and petals white; lip purple, side lobes low, rounded, midlobe broad, 2-lobed ;

pollinia small, oblong, adnate to the elongate spathulate caudicles.

109. SATY RIUM, Swartz.

Terrestrial leafy erect herbs, tubers undivided. Leaves broad or narrow.
Flowers in dense spikes. Sepals and petals subsimilar, free, spreading
or deflexed. Jip superior, sessile at the base of the column, erect, broad,
hooded, 2-spurred or -saccate behind. Column erect, terete ; stigma terminal,
broad, concave, ‘or forming with the rostellum a 2-lipped body; anther
dorsal, cells subparallel ; pollinia 2, caudicles recurved, glands large naked
sometimes connate.—Species 50, African and Indian.

S. nepalense, Don Prodr. 26; Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 340; m
Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 44; Wight Ic. t. 929; Bot. Mag. t. 6625; Wail. Cat.
7025, S. Perrottetianum, A. Rich. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2, xv. 76, t. 53;
Wight Ic.t. 1716. S. albiflorum, A. Rich. Le: Wight Ic. t. 1717.
pallidum, A. Rich. l. c.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, from Kashmir, alt. 4-6000 ft., eastwards, ascending to
14,000 ft. in Sikkim. KmuasrA HILLS, alt. 4-6000 ft. The Deccan PENINSULA, from
Conean to Travancore. CEYLON, alt. 4-6000 ft. ?BuRMA; Shan states, alt.
ft., Manders.

Stem with spike 6-80 in., usually very stout, sheathed above. Leaves few, from
oblong to linear-oblong, 4-10 by 2-4 in., rather fleshy, sessile, base sheathing.
Spike 1-6 in., dense-fld. ; bracts much larger than the flowers, oblong or lanceolate,
erect spreading or recurved ; ovary turgid, } in. long; flowers from dark pink to
white, fragrant; sepals linear-oblong, obtuse, spreading and recurved ; petals rather
narrower ; lip superior, broadly oblong, concave, strongly keeled on the back, spurs
variable in length and stoutness, about as long as the ovary ; column contracted and
terete at the base ; anther broad, cells turgid, tubes short, pollinia clavate, caudicles
short, glands orbicular ; stigma large, concave.— A very common and variable plant.
The Burmese specimen bas orbicular leaves at the very base of the stem. ,

Var. Wightiana; radical leaves few broad, spike short dense-fld. S. Wigbti-
»num, Lindl. Gen. § Sp. Orchid. 340; in Journ. Linn. Soc. l.c. ; Wight Ic. t. 1718.
—Nilghiri Mts.

Var. ciliata, Lindl. 1. l. c. ; a small plant with spurs hardly longer than the
sepals.— Sikkim, alt. 7-12,000 ft., J. D. H. Bhotan, alt. 10,000 ft., Griffith.

110. DISPERIS, Swartz.

Terrestrial leafy herbs ; tubers entire. Leaves 2 or more, scattered, sessile,
cordate. Flowers solitary or few. Dorsal sepal very narrow, coheren
with the broad petals into a subglobose hood ; lateral spreading or deflexed,
free or bases connate, disk with a depression within answering to a cone
without. Zip confluent with the column to above the anther, appearing 35
if it surmounted the column. Column short in the Indian species, teret?
below, stigmas on a transverse hyaline membrane, the ends of which form
twisted tubular processes that sheath the caudicles and glands of the

Disperis.] CXLVIII. ORCHIDES. (J. D. Hooker.) 169

pollinia; anther oblong, obtuse, completely 2-celled ; grains of pollinia 3-4-
seriate, secund on the rachis, cuneiform, caudicles rather long, twisted,
glands large naked. Capsule fusiform.—Species 20, Africa and the
following.

The above description applies to the two Indian species of this highly interesting
genus, the fertilization of which deserves a careful study. The analysis of dried
specimens is so difficult that I advance the description of the membrane of the
column and its appendages (which differs from that of others) with hesitation.

l. D. zeylanica, Trimen Cat. Pl. Ceyl. 91; lateral sepals concave
not waved, petals semilunate obtuse. D. tripetaloides, Lindl. Gen. & Sp.
Orchid. 371 (in part); Thwaites Enum. 311; Wight Ie. t. 930 dj v. 15.

CEYLON ; in the Central Provinces alt. 3-5000 ft., Walker, &c, The MALABAR
& CaxARA Ghats, &c., Wight, &c. . .

Stem 6-10 in. erect from the subglobose tubers, 1-3-leaved. Leares 3-1 in., dis-
fant, amplexicaul, acute. Flowers 4 in. diam., subcorymbosely, spicate ; bracts leafy ;
"Jan $ in., straight ; lip included under the hood, erect from the top of the column,
“partite from a narrow cuneate base, arms falcately recurved, papillose; à pendu-
am linear appendage, with a rounded dilated papillose apex bearing a central cone,
‘inserted on the cuneate base of the lip. Capsule } in.

2. D. neilgherrensis, Wight Ic. t. 1719; lateral sepals strongly
waved, petals lunate cuspidately acuminate.
Kent Hrs, Wight.
rger and stouter than D. zeylanica, with larger reddish white flowers spotted

Wi crimson ; the latera] sepals are free or connate, and pubescent at the base.—
‘aps a form of D, zeylanica.

Tribe V. CyrRrPEDIE®æ. (See vol. v. p. 668.)

ll. CYPRIPEDIUM, Linn.

0 terrestrial herbs, with a leafy stem, plaited leaves, and terminal flowers,
ban mess with distichous radical coriaceous often tessellately coloured
in E and 1-œ-fld. scapes. Flowers large, solitary or few. Sepals spread-
wie? on the lateral connate and placed under the lip. Petals free, very
ar TE Lip sessile, side lobes small, spreading or inflexed, midlobe very

Re Saccate, inflated oblong or helmet-shaped. Column short, terete;
à la “ts 2, globose, together with the disciform deflexed stigma. hidden under
tem tge disciform staminede ; ovary 1 celled.—Species about 40, Europe,
P. and trop. Asia and America.

dw describing the Scapigerous species I have largely availed myself of published
ve mad e description in Veitch's excellent Manual, made from living plants.
eie no attempt to enumerate even the multitude of named hybrid forms that
SYatemati; Produced by crossing the Indian species with one another. They are ve
barbatum a in Veitch's Manual, where nearly 50 are assigned to their parents. C.
alone has been crossed with upwards of 15 other species.

Leaves 2, Opposite on the stem, plicate.
hain S elegans, Reichb. f. in Flora, 1886, 560; villous with cellular
d Se orbicular-ovate or oblong, flowers solitary.
Tiny M Coles ATAYA, alt. 1000 ft., Pantling. EASTERN TIBET; North of Phari,
leaves ; de ft. high below the leaves. Leaves 1-2 in. broad. Scape shorter than the

ally of whieh elliptic; flower about 1 in. diam.—A very interesting plant, the nearest

san 'Japonicum, I have seen only a single small specimen,

170 CXLVIII. OROHIDEX. (J. D. Hooker) [Cypripedium.

* Leaves several, alternate, plaited.

OF

2. C. cordigerum, Don Prodr. 37; sepals and narrower petals
spreading ovate-lanceolate acuminate green or white, lip oblong white,
staminode ovate- or oblong-cordate. Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 527;
Dene in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 165, t. 166.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA; from Kashmir, alt. 9-11,000 ft., Clarke, to Kumaon,
alt. 7-9000 ft., Royle. .

Stem 10-24 in., robust or slender, and ovary puberulous. Leaves 3-6 by 2-4in.,
approximate or scattered, from nearly orbicular to lanceolate, acute or acuminate.
Flower solitary ; bract 1-4 in., leafy ; sepals 13-2 in., longer than the lip, the con-
nate lateral entire or split at the apex ; column yellow. Capsule 13 in., erect, clavate.
—As Lindley observes, this is not distinguishable except by colour from the European
C. calceolus, which extends from Britain to Dahuria. It would be well to compare
living specimens before uniting them.

3. C. macranthon, Swartz in Act. Holm. 1800, 251; dorsal sepal
from linear- to ovate-oblong acute, connate lateral narrower, lip subglobose
much inflated purple, staminode ovate-oblong. Lindl. Gen. A Sp. Orchid.
528; in Bot. Reg. t. 1534; Bot. Mag. t. 2938; Reichb. Fl. Exot, ii. t. 16,
No. 99; Ic. Fl. Germ. xii. t. 498; Fl. des Serres, t. 1118; Il. Horti.
1857, t. 147; Belg. Hortic. vii. 353, t. 61; Gartenfl. 1863, t. 409; Trans.
Russ. Hort. Soc. 1863, t. 135 ; Orchidoph. 1887, t. 75, £. 1; Ledeb. Fl. Ross.
iv. 87.

ALPINE HIMALAYA ; from Garwhal to Sikkim, alt. 11,500-14,000 ft.— DISTRIB.
Northern and Subarctic Europe and Asia to Japan.

Stem 1-1} ft., usually very stout, pubescent. Leaves 3-6 by 2-4 in., ovate or
oblong, acute, puberulous. Flowers 1-2, 14-2 in. diam.; sepals and petals very
variable in length and breadth, longer or shorter than the lip, yellowish or greenish
with dark purple stains, or all purple; combined lateral acute or bidentate; lip
inflated, light or dark purple, mouth small crenate, sides often grooved concentrically.
—In Sikkim specimens gathered by myself, the dorsal sepal is broadly oblong 1 1-
long, and the petals as long but narrower and lanceolate, both yellow-green and
striped with dark red.

Var. ventricosa; Carriere in Rev. Hortic. 1877, 310; dorsal sepal broader;
and petals usually much longer, often 2 in. long, lip very large 1-15 in. diam.
ventricosum, Swartz in Act. Holm. 1800, 251; Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 529 ; Sweet
Fl. Gard. iv. t. 1; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. xiii. t. 497. —Chumbi, in Tibet, N.E. of
Sikkim, King's Collector.—Distrib. Siberia.—In King's Tibetan specimen, of which
he has lent me a drawing, the dorsal sepal is broadly ovate, 1} by $ in., the petals =
by $ in., oblong-lanceolate, both white striped with red.

** Leaves radical, distichous, oblong or lorate, coriaceous, not plaited.
Scape 1-3-fld., pubescent or villous.

a. Petals as broad as the dorsal sepal, short, sessile, broadly oblong,
margins not undulate nor warted.

4. C. concolor, Butem. in Bot. Mag. t. 5513; leaves oblong or linear.
oblong tessellated, scape short 1-2-fld., sepals suborbicular and elliptic
oblong petals yellow ciliate, sac of lip subcylindric, staminode subrhow-
boidly ovate apiculate. IUl. Hort. 1865, t. 444; Gartenfl. 1874, t. 803; FI.
des Serres, t. 2321; Williams Orchid. Alb. t. 302; Beicht, f. in Gard.
Chron. 1865, 626 ; 1883, i. 19, fig. 3; Veitch Man. 17, with fij.

TENASSERIM; near Moulmein, Parish, UrPrR BURMA; in the Shan bills
Prayer.—DisTRIB. Cambodia,

Cypripedium.] ^ otemt. orcHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 171

Leaves 3-5 in., crowded, obtuse, pale green above, fascicled with undulate bands
of dark green, purple or purple spotted beneath. Scapes 1-2 in. and cymbiform
bract dark purple; flowers 2-3 in. diam., pale yellow, sparsely dotted with purple;
petals hardly longer than the sepals ; lip small, mouth slightly dilated.—R eichb. f.
describes (Gard. Chron. 1886, 294) a var. chlorophylla with an interrupted Joe
of purple spots along the midribs of the sepals and petals, and var. sulphurina (l. c.

» i, 264) with unspotted sulphur coloured flowers. Other vars. are tonkinensis,
Lindenia, ii. t. 77, and Regneri, Orchidoph. 1886, 226. —The C. Godefroyi of Siam
is very closely allied, but has dorsal sepals and petals broader than long, copiously
spotted, and a 3-toothed staminode.

, 9. C. niveum, Zeichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1869, 1038; Xen. Orchid.
i. 195; leaves linear-oblong tessellated, scape elongate 1-2-fd., sepals
orbicular and broadly oblong petals ciliate, sac of lip ovoid mouth con-
tracted, staminode large transversely oblong. Bot. Mag. t. 5922; IH.
Hort, 1871, t. 83 ; Flor. -Mag. 1871, t. 543 ; Jennings Orchid. t. 28 ; Reichen-
bachia, i, t, 34; Gard. Chron. 1883, ii. ; fig.1. Veitch Man. 39, with fig.; C.
concolor, var, nivea, Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. l. c.

STRAITS oF Maracca; Langkawi Islands, south of Penang.—DıstRIB. Tambilan
sland, between Singapore and Borneo, and W. coast of Siam. 8
eaves 4-6 in., green above with darker blotches, lurid purple beneath. Pe
l-2-fid. ; bracts very short ; flowers 3 in. diam., pure white more or less dotted wit
Purple ; dorsal sepal very broad, stained with purple on the back; petals rather
nger, variable in size and breadth ; staminode closing the mouth of the lip.

B. Petals as broad as the dorsal sepal or nearly so, spathulate, clawed,
margins not warted,

6. C. villosum, Lindl. in Gard. Chron. 1854, 125 ; leaves loriform, not
tessellate, scape elongate, villous bract nearly as long as the ovary, dorsal
dr suberect obovate-oblong with the lower margins revolute and spathu-
Top tals ciliate, lip helmet-shaped, staminode obovate base cordate. lil.
t.139 wt. 126; Pescator. t. 48; Fl. des Serres, t. 1475. Lindenia, ii.
ei Warner Sel. Orchid, ii. t. 30. Veitch Man. 54, with fig. C. Boxalli,

Kf in Gard, Chron. 1877, i. 307 ; Ill. Hort. xxvi. 345.
TENASsERIy 3 Moulmein, alt. 4-5000 ft., Lobb, Parish.

n., green above, paler beneath. Scape 1-fld. ; bract spathaceous
; flowers 5-6 in. diam., glossy ; dorsal sepal green with browns
lip bro ase and white margins, keel hirsute; petals hirsute towards the oe with
s We Yellow, mouth and staminode tawny yellow.— C. B ozalii is a va (Gard
Chro Pats on the dorsal sepal and more tessellated petals. Var., aurea white
and gol 3, i. 374) has a bright yellow-green dorsal sepal margined with
D den yellow petals and lip.

wy, o, BirSutissimum, Lindl. in Bot. Mag. t. 4990; leaves lorate
biet tessellate, bract small and flower hirsute, dorsal 7 SN
late, li Ar-0vate obtuse, petals horizontal spathulate claw crispe l or Ke
Orchid Ae met-shaped, staminode quadrate angles rounded. H arner Se
Orchid. ii id? Belg. Hortic. vii. 353, t. 6L; Ill. Hort. iv. Mise. 67; Xen.

9€ . nj ` "y, 0: Ve itch
Man, 29, with fe Rev. Hortic. 1859, 182 ; Fl. des Serres, t. 1430 ; Ve

‘S$; on the Assam face, Simons. . -
purple” a 7-12 M., green. Scape 12 in., green, hairs of bracts and flowers dark
Petals near’ 4 in. diam. ; dorsal sepal green with a dull purplish spot h creep
tides ang „3,28 broad as the dorsal sepal, violet-purple, the lower half with green
Purple min aib and copious dark spots, and hairs; lip green flushed wi
" nmutely warted, mouth green within; staminode green, base white.

172 CXLVIII. oRCHIDEZ. (J.D. Hooker.) [Cypripedium.

y. Petals narrower but not much longer than the dorsal sepal, sometimes
warted on the surface, but not on the margins, which are glabrous.

8; C. Drurii, Beddome Ic. Plant. Ind. Or. 23, t. 112; leaves ligulate
glabrous not tessellated, scape tall l-fld. pubescent, bract much shorter
than the ovary, dorsal sepal broadly ovate ciliolate arched, petals linear-
oblong obtuse surface warted and hirsute towards the base, lip helmet-
shaped mouth open, staminode subquadrate. Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron.
1876, 68; Xen. Orchid. ii. 223; IU. Hort. 1877, 1. 265; Lindenia, 1. t. 6;
Flor. Mag. N. S. t. 425; Veitch Man. 22, with fig.

TRAvANCORE Mrs., alt. 5-6000 ft., Drury.

Leaves 7-10 in., bright green. Scape 9-12 in. and small obtuse bracts and ovary
pubescent; flowers 3 iu. diam.; dorsal sepal greenish yellow with a broad dark
median band and a dorsal keel with black hairs; lower connate sepals smaller;
petals incurved tips rounded, bright. ochreous yellow, with a dark median band,
warts and hairs blackish ; staminode much smaller than the mouth of the lip, which
is bright yellow dotted with purple within, and with acute margins.

9. C. insigne, Wail. mss. in Lindl. Coll. Bot. t. 32; leaves ligulate
glabrous not tessellated, scapes elongate 1-2-fld., bract equalling the ovary,
dorsal sepal large arched orbicular-ovate margins subrecurved, petals
linear-oblong glabrous margin undulate, lip broadly helmet-shaped, stam
node subquadrate. Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 530; Hook. Fl. Exot.
t. 34; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1321; Bot. Mag. t. 3412; Williams Orchid. Ald.
iv. t. 155; Griff. Notul. 344; Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 899; Veitch Man. 32;
Flore des Serres, 1564.

Kuasia Hits, alt. 4-5000 ft., Wallich, Ze,

Leaves 8-12 in., acute, pale green. Scape 12 in., 1-2-fld. and large oblong com
pressed bracis and ovary pubescent; flowers 4-5 in. diam., glossy ; dorsal sep?
apple-green, purple-spotted, tip white, lateral smaller, paler ; petals rather longer
than the sepals, margins subcordate, green with white tips and purple veins; p
broad yellow or green suffused with purple, tawny yellow within; staminode pube.
cent with a central callus.—The above description is of the wild form; cultiva
specimens vary greatly in colour, and have numberless synonyms, the principal given

y Veitch are

Var. Chantini, Rafar. in Rev. Hort. 1866, 249; 1878, 130, with fig.; dorsal
sepal margined with white purple spotted, lower combined sepals longer more acute,
petal veined with amber, lip chesnut brown. Fl. des Serres, xxi. 72; Orchidop".
1885, 36; Williams Orchid. Alb. vi. t. 278; Gard. Chron. 1882, ii. 717, fig. 127. |

Var. Maulei, Moore in Flor. Mag. 1861, t. 57; flowers larger, margins of dors?
sepal revolute towards the base white at the tip, petals paler, lip longer narrower
paler. Fl. des Serres, xv. t. 1564; Gard. Chron. 1882, ii. 716, fig. 126.

Var. Sanderae ; flowers primrose yellow, except the white margins. .

Other vars. are aspera; aurea, Fl. & Pomol. 1882, 75, and albo-marginats
Williams Orchid. Alb. v. t. 232, 178. For figures of the flowers of many varieties
see Gard. Chron. 1882, ii. 716, f. 126.

10. C. Spicerianum, Reich. f. in Gard. Chron, 1880, i. 40, 7^
fig. 7; leaves ligulate subacute not tessellated, scape tall 1-2-fld., bracts
much shorter than the ovary, dorsal sepal very large erect rhombic-obovate
hirsute sides strongly recurved below, petals shorter deflexed ligulate
margins undulate and crisped,lip helmet-shaped mouth dilated, stami-
node orbicular. Bot. Mag. t. 6490; Ill. Hort. 1883, t. 473; the Garde
1883, t. 378; Williams Orchid. Alb. iii. t. 119; Belg. Hortic. 1883, 289, t.18;
Orchidoph. 1890, 415 ; Gard. Chron, 1880, i. 41, £. 7; Veitch Man. 46, with [9

Cypripedium.] tient, oRcHIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 173

Assam (Low's and Sander’s Collectors).

Leaves 6-9 in., dark green, margins more or less waved, beneath purple-spotted
near the base. Scape 9-12 in., siender, pubescent ; bract narrow; flowers about
3 in. diam.; dorsal sepal horizontal, sides at the base so stoutly reflexed as to
appear clawed, white base purple dotted on a green ground, midline purple ; petals
shorter than the lip, obtuse, yellow- or olive-green with a red median band and
spots; lip brown, tinged with crimson; staminode ‘red, edged with white, base
contracted into auricle-like folds,

8. Petals narrower than the dorsal sepal, very long in C. Parishii,
margins bearded or hirsute and warted.

l. C. venustum, Wall. in Bot. Mag. t. 2199; Cat. 7023; leaves
elliptic-oblong or loriform tessellate, scape 1-2-fld., bracts half as long as
the ovary, dorsal sepal broadly ovate or cordate, petals linear-oblong
bearded sparsely warted, lip subcylindric reticulate, staminode semi-lunate.

Ml. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 530; Hook. Exot. Flor. t. 35; Bot. Mag. t. 2129 ;
Bot, Reg. t. 788; Beicht, Fl. Exot. 100; Lodd. Bot. Cal. 585; Warner Bel.
Orchid, ii. t. 24; Veitch Man. 53. C. pardinum, Reichb. f. in Gard.
a 1869, 554, and 1887, i. 382, fig. 76 (pardinum var.); Flor. Mag.

EN.

TROPICAL SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 3-4000 ft., J. D. H., Clarke. SILHET and
Assam, Wallich, Griffith, &c.

Leaves 4-10 in., dark green, marbled with pale green above and dull purple
da eath, Scape 6-9 in., pubescent ; flowers 2-24 in. diam. ; dorsal sepal white with
i rk stripes ; petals spreading, subspathulate, green and purplish, warts blackish ;
IP yellow green, flushed with pink, and with green reticulations, inflexed Jobes
Yellow nearly closing the mouth.—The var. pardina has larger flowers, whiter
*pals, and larger and more scattered wart on the petals.

ul © Fairieanum, Lindl. in Gard. Chron. 1857, 740; leaves linear-
omg or loriform not tessellate, scape slender 1-fld., bracts half as long as
e glandular hairy ovary, dorsal sepal large erect suborbicular obtuse,
vith V inear-lanceolate faleately upcurved margins crisped bearded and
th lack tubercles, lip slipper-formed pubescent, staminode orbicular
23 deep notch and included sput in front. Bot. Mag. t. 5024 ; Fl. des
^mt. 1244; Xen. Orchid. ii. 108, t. 1335 Orchid. Alb. ii. t. 70; Veitch
an 24, with fig, ,
mm, Tronson Ic. in Hort. Calcutt
wé 1-6 in., sette, bright green. ape 4-6 in., green 5 bract green ; ovary
AL flower 21-3 in. diam. ; dorsal sepal greenish white with broad purple reticu-
With nerves, ciliate, margin waved, keel hairy; petals yellow- or greenish-w ite
cepi purple nerves and margins; lip green with purple veins and spots ; stamino °
ad notched and 3-fid in front, side lobes acute incurved, midlobe as long, straigh

5

13. ©, su . . 5. 997; in Algem.
e ; Superbiens hb. f. in Bonpland. 1855, 22/7; n g
tenet 1856, 323, KO ii. 9, i 103; leaves elliptie-oblong
otbjent D: SCape l-fld, bract much shorter than the ovary, dorsal sepal
hai ovate acute, petals broadly linear deflexed fringed with, d in
warted, lip helmet-shaped, staminode suborbicular _notche M

-lobed. Gartenfl. 1863, 49; Warner Sel. Orchid. ii. t. 12 ; 4 05.
La eh È 1996; Veitch Man. 51, with fig.; Gard. Chron. 1886, ii. Wë
frontisp. C. Veitchianum, Ill. Hort. xii. t. 429; De Puydt, Les Orchid.

D. p. 267; Rev. Hortic. 1871, 595, fig. 78, 79. C. barbatum Veitchii,
8 Serres, t. 1453. Q. barbatum superbum, Belg. Hortic. 1883, 97.

174 CXLVIII. ORCHIDEE. (J.D. Hooker.) [Cypripedium

MALAY PENINSULA ; Mt. Ophir, Lobb.

Leaves 5-7 in., pale or dark green with dull blotches. Scape 9-12 in., 1-fd.;
flowers ciliolate, 4 in. diam. ; dorsal sepal white striped with green; petals longer
than the dorsal sepal, white veined with green; lip brownish purple, inflexed, lobes
crimson, warted.

14. C. barbatum, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1841, Misc. 53; 1842, t. 17;
leaves oblong to liuear-oblong acute tessellate, scape 1-2-fld. pubescent,
bract much shorter than the ovary, dorsal sepal broadly ovate or orbicular
acute or obtuse, petals longer linear-oblong spreading and decurved ciliate
and with a few black warts along the upper or both margins, lip helmet-
shaped mouth dilated, staminode hypocrepiform. Bof. Mag. 4994; Fl
des Serres, ii. t. 190, and xviii. t. 1879 (var. grandiflorum); Belgique
Hortic. xxxiii. 96, t. 7; Warner Sel. Orchid. Ser. 9, t. 11 (var. Warneri);
Veitch Man. 12. Gard. Chron. 1886, ii. 308, f. 63. C. purpuratum, Wight
Jc. t. 1760 (not of Lindl.). C. Warnerianum, Reichb. f. iw Gart. Zeit.
1883, fasc. ix. C. orbum, Beicht, f. im Gard. Chron. 1887, ii. 778. C.
Crossii, Belg. Hortic. xv. 227 ; Veitch Man. 12, with fig.

PrwaNG, Maingay. MALACCA; on Mt. Ophir, Griffith, &c.—DrsrRIs. W.
Siam.

Leaves 4-8 in., pale green above with darker oblong spots. Scape 10-12 1m.;
flowers 2-3 in. diam.; dorsal sepal folded in the middle, white with purple veins and
greenish base, lower connate sepals much narrower; petals greenish brown towards
the base, purple towards the tip; lip dark purple. Variable in the size and colour
of the flowers. Veitch retains two varieties, 1, Crossii, leaves paler with more
scattered deep green spots, under which are OC. Warneriana and orba, and 2,
Obrieni, with leaves paler, spots smaller, petals and lip deeper coloured.—C. orbum
is described as a hybrid by Reichenbach, but Veitch regards it as a synonym of var.
Crossit.

15. C. Parishii, Heichb. f. in Flora, 1869, 322; in Gard. Chron.
1869, 814, with fig. ; leaves ligulate 2-fid not tessellated, scape stout 4-7-fid.,
bracts spathaceous, dorsal sepal suberect broadly elliptic-ovate with the
basal margins revolute, petals very long linear pendulous twisted marg
sparsely warted below, lip helmet.shaped, staminode obovate-oblong
obtusely 2-fid, base spurred. Bot. Mag. t. 5791; Williams Orchid. Alb.
ii. t. 86; De Puydt. Orchid. 188; Orchidoph. 1887, t. 91. Ill. Hort. 1815,
214; Gard. Chron. 1869, 814; Veitch Man. 41. Selenipedium Parishii,
Rev. Hort. 1885, 132.

TENASSERIM ; at Moulmein, Parish. .

Leaves 9-15 by 14-24 in., glossy green. Scape 12-18 in., pale green, hairy;
bracts and hirsute ovary green ; flowers 3—4 in. diam. ; dorsal sepal arched, keeled, pat?
yellow green; petals 4-6 in. long, spreading, at length pendulous, basal half green
with pale undulate margin and a few bristly marginal tubercles, the other half dark
purple, tip obtuse pubescent ; lip green or stained with purple, mouth green within;
staminode greenish yellow, margins white.

112. APOSTASIA, Blume.

Terrestrial herbs, with a short caudex and leafy rigid stems. Le?"
narrow, strongly nerved. Flowers small, in terminal or axillary simple K
panicled often decurved or deflexed spikes. Sepals, petals and lip all equ?
and alike, free, spreading or recurved. Ovary very slender, 3-cel ed.
Column short ; anthers 2, at the sides of the rostellum, shortly stipitate
narrow, erect, 2-celled, cells parallel; staminode erect, behind the stigma,

Apostasia. ] CXLVIII. ORCHIDEX, (J. D. Hooker.) 175

or 0; stigma terminal long erect, tip discoid.—Species 6, Indian, Malayan
and Australian.

l A. Wallichii, Br. in Wall. Cat. 4448 ; in Pl. As. Rar. i. 75, t. 84
(A. odorata); leaves linear-lanceolate 5-7-nerved, spikes panicled, peduncle
naked below, anthers versatile cell bases unequal, staminode adnate to the
style. Blume in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2, ii. 99; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 748;
Thwaites Enwm. 315; Rolfe in Journ. Linn, Soc. xxv. 237, t. 48, f. 22-94.
Mesodactylus deflexa, Wall., ex. Pl. As. Rar. l. c. 74.

Troricar NEPAL, Wallich. KmasrA Hiris, J. D. H. § T. T. ASSAM, Griffith.
PENANG, Curtis. PERAK, Scortechini, King's Collector, CEYLON; in the Suffragan
district, Thwaites. —DIsTRIB. Sumatra, Java, N. Guinea.

Stem 1-2 ft. Leaves 4-8 in. Panicle decurved, 4-10 in.; bracts subulate ;
flowers subsecund, iin. diam., yellow ; ovary $-$ in. Capsule ji in.

?. A. nuda, Br. i» Wall. Cat. 4449; in Wall. Pl. As. Rar.i. 70,1. 85;
ves narrowly linear-lanceolate finely acuminate 3-5-nerved, spikes
panicled many-bracteate at the base, anthers erect cell-bases equal, stami-
node 0. Blume in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2, ii. 93; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. iii.
148; Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soe. xxv. 239, t. 48, f£. 20,21. A. Brunonis, Grif.
Notul. iii. 243; Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 282.

Kuasta Hitis and Currragona, J. D. H. $ T. T. Tessar: at Mergui,
Grifith (Kew Distrib. 5604). Maracca, Maingay, top of Mt. Ophir, Zuliett.
SINGAPORE, Lobb, Perak, Wray.—DisTRID, Sumatra, Java.

Stem l0-12in. Leaves 4-10 in. Panicle decurved, much shorter than in A.
Wallichii, as are the ovaries.

lea

Kä latifolia, Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxv. 242; leaves petioled
elliptic-lanceolate finely acuminate very many nerved, spikes panicled,
uncle naked at the base, anther erect bases equal staminode 0.
PERAK, Scortechini, Wray. ; i j
Stem 3 ft. Leaves 4-6 by 1-1} in., nerves very close; petiole 1-l4in. Panicle

— ‘en in nuda and Wallichii, bracts broader; ovaries 2 in., curved; flowers
y small,

119. NEUWIEDIA, Blume.

Terrestrial herbs, with a short caudex and leafy stiff stems. Leaves
e pate, petioled, strongly nerved. Flowers small,in a terminal simple
and 5256 raceme, clothed with long bracts. Sepals and petals equal
ng, milar, free, or the latter rather broader. Lip subspathulate.
ama short; stigma terminal, long, erect, tip discoid; anthers 3, erect,
pean stipitate, one on each side of the stigma, and one dorsal, cells
Parallel, Ovary 3-celled.—Species 6, Malayan.

peli N, Lindleyi, Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Koc. xxv. 232, t. 48, f. 10-12;
pu Se elongate, raceme elongate many and dense-fld. and flowers
rulous, bracts 1-1} in. membranous, erect and recurved.
NANG, Curtis.—Disrrip. Borneo.
branoy very short, stout. Leaves many, 1-2 ft. by 2-3 in., oblanceolate, mem-
mad y nerved, stoutly petioled. ` Raceme 1-2 ft., stout, erect, rachis stout ;

"8 much ] ; flowers 1 in. long,
ho onger than the flowers, narrowly lanceolate; flo
rizontal, Pedicelled ; ovary 3 in. > y

"8. Curtisii, Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxv. 233, t. 48, f. 13, 14;

176 CXLVIII, ORCHIDEZ. (J.D. Hooker) [Neuwiedia.

peduncle short, raceme short many-fid. and flowers pubescent, bracts
4-3 in. erect.

PENANG ; on West Hill, alt. 2000 ft., Curtis.—DisTRIB. Sumatra.
Leaves as in N. Lindleyi, but peduncle and raceme very short, and bracts
glandular-pubescent.

3. N. Griffithii, Reichb. f. Xen. Orchid. ii, 215; peduncle short,
spike short many-fld. and flowers subhispidly pubescent, bracts 4-1 in.

Matacca, Griffith, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1682). Perak, King’s Collector.

Stem very short. Leaves 4-10 in., elliptic-lanceolate, finely acuminate, many-
nerved, petioled. Raceme 2-3 in.; flowers white, very shortly pedicelled, } in. long,
decurved. Capsule 4 in. long, turgid, trigonous.

SUPPLEMENT TO ORCHIDEE, WITH ADDITIONS AND
CORRECTIONS.

During the elaboration of the Orchidee for this Flora, very large collections of
species, from many parts of India, were being received at intervals by the Herbarium
of the Royal Gardens, Kew, especially from the rich stores of the Royal Gardens of
Calcutta, together with the loan of a magnificent series of original drawings of Orchids
from thesame source. The most important of these collections were Malayan, abound-
ing in novelties, from Penang, Perak, Singapore and Malacca, made by the late Father
Scortechini (presented, together with the loan of the Rev. father’s pencil drawings
of many species, by the Government of Perak), by Kunstler, a collector sent from
the Caleutta Bot. Gardens by Dr. King, by Curtis, Hullett, Wray and Ridley.
Important collections were also sent by Mann, from Assam, Bhotan, and the Khasia
hills; by Gamble (on loan) from various parts of India ; by Duthie from Garwhal ;
by Clarke from Sikkim, tbe Khasia hills, and Bengal, together with a few from
Central India; and (on loan) by Dr. Trimen from Ceylon. "These successive arrivals
necessitated many consecutiye revisions and emendations of the work already pre
pared, some printed, some in the press, and some in mss., besides adding many
species and some genera to the Indian Flora,

Vol. v. p. 667. KEY To THE TRIBES AND SUBTRIBES.

The Key to the Indian Genera Subtribes and Tribes was extracted, with a few
modifications, from that prepared by Bentham for the Genera Plantarum; which,
whether as regards the difficulties that attend the analysis of the plants of
this most complicated Order, or the chaotic state into which the family had fallen
since Lindley’s days, is a masterpiece of research and scientific taxonomy. As may
be supposed, the detailed examination of so many Indian genera and species as are
contained in this Flora (about 1400), and of alarge proportion of which Bentham had
no knowledge, or only a superficial one, has suggested a few emendations in his
classification, but these are very slight, and I shall notice them in their order, in the
following pages.

Sub-order MALAxEx. I have departed from Bentham, in including LIPARIEE
and MALAXEx under one sub-order, The essential character of Lipariec, the
incumbent anther, fails in a. great measure when Oberonia is placed in it, for the
pollinia of this genus are as Griffith points out (Notul. iii. 273) in O. anthropophora
and trilobata (ensiformis, Lindl.) at first accumbent ; and in these and others he
describes them as ‘‘ accumbenti-ineumbentia," Added to this the habit of Micro-
stylis, which is placed in Malazec, is that of Liparis; and of Oberonia, which 15
placed in Lipariee, is that of Malaxis. The clinandrium is so minute in Oberonia
and Microstylis, that I have little confidence in my own results obtained by softeniDg
these parts in dried specimens, but my impression is that in Microstylis the anther
will be found to both accumbent and incumbent, very much as in Oberonia. Lastly
the pollinia of Oberonia are variously described and figured as 2 or 4. I think

Supplement, §c.] erte. omcmrpEx. (J. D. Hooker.) 177

that 4 is the rule, but one of each pair is often much smaller, and I suspect sometimes
suppressed,
In line 3 of the character of subtribe Malazec for not incumbent, read accum-
bent or incumbent,

P. 667. Subtribe Bez. The inflorescence is often subterminal in Fria, and
appears to be truly terminal in the anomalous genus 10/2 Claderia. (See p. 810.)

| P. 668. The Subtribe CYRTOPODIEÆ of Bentham, is here included as far as the
Indian genera are concerned in Eulophiee, though by oversight, it is introduced at
p. 671. Eulophiee are described in the ** Genera’? as pseudobulbous, and having a
~ Spurred lip, but very few indeed of the Indian species are pseudobulbous, many have
Are sac to represent the spur, in many the so-called spur is a true mentum, and
Bolus “Orchid of Cape Peninsula” describes species that have neither a spurred
d saccate lip. The only character given for Cyrtopodiee, as distinctive from
Eulophice, is that of the column being produced into a foot; but this is invalidated
my having to follow Blume, Bolus and others in replacing Cyrtopera, which in
e “Genera” is referred to Cyrtopodium, in Eulophia; and as I find no character by
"hich Plocoglottis, the only other Indian genus of Bentham's Cyrtopodiec, can be
excluded Eulophiec, I propose as a character—
Subtribe EvLopuiex. ‘Terrestrial, never epiphytic. Stem rarely pseudo-
bous, Lip usually spurred saccate or forming with the lateral sepals a mentum.
WI EULOPHIA. Lip free from the sides of the column, adnate to its base or

E Procogrortis, Lip adnate by a membrane to the sides of the column,
aborder CvunIDIEX, Terrestrial or epiphytic. Lip neither spurred nor con-
Tronc saccate ; adnate to the base of the column, —Genera as at p. 671, including
remastra, which has to be added.
Ae horder VANILLE®. The free often hippocrepiform pollinia, without caudicle or
Gland, distinguish the Indian species from Corymbee and Spiranthee.
werte CoRYMBz x, differs from all other Indian NEoTTIEX in the hard almost
7 stem, and rigid leaves, in which respect the species resemble Apostasia.
gute Onnypy y, In 4th line insert * long or” before short.
| be Evor HRYDEX. IfI am correct in my analyses of the rostellum in some
| smaller Habenaria, it may prove difficult to separate this subtribe from
Patin ur Under any circumstances the modifications of the rostellum are so
| Ne both, that T doubt its forming a subtribal character.
| sé he Disk should follow (as at p. 675)— ,
| wii tribe Convore x, to include 110 DrsPERis. This genus and Satyrium are t ie
"hh Zi, representatives of the extensive S. African Subtribes Disee and
bY Bolus th ich are distinguished from one another by Bentham, and more recently
Petals all fr e Orchids of the Cape Peninsula) by the former having the sepa Md
an ce, and the lip at the base of the column, whilst in the latter the f
ribe Petals cohere, and the lip is adnate to the column nearly to its tip.
tribes; o CYPRIPEDIE Æ, This tribe I think includes two subtribes, if not two
C vp amely—
tide fa ian PIER, Flowers very irregular. Lip inflated. Anthers 2, one on each
Post, 8e dilated rostellum, Staminode very large. un
9t the side yee Flowers regular, Lip like the sepals and petals. Anthers 2 0
* of a small erect rostellum ; staminode very small or 0.

- 669, Af KEY ro THE GENERA.
| 1. * Alter 9, BULBOPHYLLUM, insert— t ài
| Wan, ` "EI, see Vol. v, P. 771, and for amended characters p. 189 of this

P. 670
| VOL, vr. After 18, CuBysogLossum, insert —

178 certen, ORCHIDE®. (J.D. Hooker) [Swpplement, $c.

18/2. COLLABIUM. Scape tall, raceme long. Lip jointed on to the trumpet-
shaped foot of the column. Pollinia 2, 2-cleft, united by a viscus. (See Vol. v.
p. 784.)

After 19. ERIA, insert—

19/1. CLApERIA. Terrestrial, subscandent. Leaves plicate. Inflorescence ter-
minal. Lip sessile at the base of the long sigmoid column. Pollinia 2?

21. Pacnysroma, add to description. Flowers small; and insert after it—

21/1. IPs. Scape leafless. Flowers large. Sepals spreading. Column elongate,
foot 0. Pseudobulb 1-2-leaved.

28. For JOSEPHA read JOSEPHIA.

29. GLOMERA. Cancel this genus. (See Vol. v. p. 823.) .

P. 671. EULOPHIA. See remarks under Subtribes EULOPHIEA, at p.177 of this
volume. The character of ‘petals like the dorsal sepal,? is subject to many
exceptions.

41. Cyprrorcuis, though removed in “Gen. Plant.” from proximity to Cym-
bidium, should stand next toit. The two genera are hardly separable. After it
insert—

41/1. CREMAsTRA. Sepals and petals and lip very narrow and conniving in 4
tube. Leaf solitary on a tuberous rhizome. Scape leafless, sheathed ; flowers rac
mose, secund.

Subtribe 3. CyrropoprEm and 48. Plocoglottis. For remarks on these st
Subtribe Eulophiec, at p. 177 of this volume.

Subtribe 4, SAncANTHEX, The classification of the genera of this subtribe
presents great difficulties. In so far as the Indian genera are concerned I have noi
been able to improve upon Bentham's arrangement ; though I find numerous excep-
tions to the characters given under the three subdivisions marked by stars. i

49. LvisrA. The Cristaria section of Vanda unites that genus with this,
The incurved sepals and petals of Sect. Cristaria are those of Luisia, but the foliage
and habit are those of most Vande. The lip of one species of Sect. Cristata
is spurred or saccate as in Vanda, of another it is flat as in Luisia, without spur 0T
sac.

50. CorroNIA. Replace the character by,—Sepals and narrower petals spreading.
Lip sessile, not jointed at the base of the column, flat. Stipes of pollinia Jong:
narrow, Raceme very long-peduncled, —and follow it with—

50/1. Diptoprora. Sepals and broader petals spreading. Lip with the sides
adnate to the sides of the column, cymbiform, with a compressed bicaudate tip.
Stipes of pollinia short, narrow. Raceme very shortly peduncled,

P. 672. 53. PHaLzNorsis. Add to character of lip, disk with a forked callus
or plate, aud after foot short, add—or long or 0.

54. Doritis. In this genus the foot of the column forms a conical mentum
with the lateral sepals.

95. RHYNCHOSTYLIS is placed by Bentham in a division of Sarcanthec with &
foot to the column and a mentum, but appears to me to have these characters ver
obscurely if at all. The lip and spur are exactly those of Saccolabium.

56. SARCHOCHILUS is inconstant as regards the presence or absence of a foot to the
column, and in having a mentum or spur or neither. It is a truly polymorphous
genus, incapable of precise definition.

58. ÆRIDES. I do not find the lip to be truly articulate with the foot of the
column as described in “ Gen. Plant.” The species of the first section with terete
leaves closely approach the terete leaved Vanda, and those of Section l4
resemble Saccolabia. ‘The stipes of the pollinia is sometimes short and broad.

60. Vanna. See above under 58 ZErides, and 49 Luisia for remarks. The Set
Anota (V. densiflora) has so short a foot to the column that it might well be pla
in Saccolabium., The stipes of the pollinia varies greatly in lejjgth and breadth.

Supplement, $c.] tem, omouirpEx. (J. D. Hooker.) 179

61. SaccorABIUM. The sepals and petals are often incurved. To the character
should be added—Spur without a callus under the column within, or a septum.

62. ScHGNORCHIS. As stated at p. 54 of this volume this genus was inserted by
oversight, Saccolabium filiforme having been mistaken for it by Thwaites.

63. UNcrFERA and 64 AcAMPE I have been obliged £o include under SAccora-
MIX, See remarks under the latter genus in this volume, p. 54.

65. SARCANTHUS and 66. CLEISOSTOMA, are separated from Saccolabium, and
from one another, by characters so minute and trivial, that they might well rank as
Sections of that genus, to which 67. Ornithochilus might be added.

"m 673. Subtribe 3. SerRANTHEX. The Indian genera of this subtribe are most
ifficult of classification. The following attempt which may aid the student, requires
nl revision with living specimens; the characters of the minute fleshy column

ho stigma being extremely difficult of accurate analysis in herbarium specimens,
owever carefully their organs may be moistened or laid out.

. KEY TO THE INDIAN GENERA OF SPIRANTHEZ,
at Spur or sac of the lip exposed beyond the base of the lateral sepals. (See also
ew species of Goodyera.)
Wo Paysurvus, Lip not clawed beyond the spur, limb broad abruptly con-
rnd ed at the base; spur eglandular within; column not appendaged in front;
stigma anticous,
me ANECTOCRILUS, Lip clawed beyond the spur, limb 2-winged; spur 2-glan-
" within; column appendaged in front ; stigmatic lobes lateral.
2 M. C VRYDAGZYNEA, Lip not clawed, limb oblong membranous entire; spur
"8 D ular within ; column not appendaged in front ; stigmatic lobes lateral.
me " DTSTORCHIS. Lip saccate, contracted into a beak with a small dilated tip ;
anticore alar within (or not ?); column not appendaged in front; stigma
la Zare, Lip adnate to the sides of the column, limb spreading ; spur
& naked within; column not appendaged in front ; stigma anticous.

B TIL.
(exce Lip if spurred, with the spur or sac covered by the bases of the lateral sepals
Pt in a few Goodyere).

t Lip clawed beyond the spur or sac.

req DONTOCHIEUS, Lateral sepals connate at the base; claw of lip crenate
apenda or fimbriate, limb usually 2-winged; sac 2-glandular within; column

85 ged in front ; stigmatic lobes lateral.
winged Hawanra, Sepals free; lip adnate to the base and sides of the column, claw
anticous, imb 2-winged; sac 2.glandular within; column large, clavate; stigma
emit, te ROSTY TAS, Sepals connate to the middle in a tube; lip with a saccate or
Within se and 2-lobed toothed or pectinate limb, sac 2- or multi-glandular
Ps umnar appendages long, fleshy ; stigmatic lobes lateral.
entire tooth eee Sepals free; lip with a cymbiform or saccate base, a short broad
Column vit ed or crenate claw, and broadly dilated limb ; sac 2-glandular within ;
ith two linear appendages in front; stigmatic lobes lateral.

H 2 saccate or spurred, not clawed beyond the sac or spur. |
Me Zeie tees, Lip a large globose sac with a narrow linear inflexed blade ;
ular within ; column minutely appendaged in front ; stigma anticous,
vot appendap TZ: Lip cymbiform or subsaccate, naked or setose within; column
aged in front; stigma anticous.
te to the sides of the

` HETÆRIA, § .
column, Ji : Sepals free at the base or connate, lip adnate, g
not in fre tire or 2-lobed ; sac 2-glandular or setose within; column winged

3 stigmatic lobes lateral.
nN 2

180 CXLVIII, ORCHIDE®. (J. D. Hooker) [Supplement, $c.

ttt Lip flat, neither clawed spurred or saccate. (Subsaccate in Spiranthes, and
see also some Goodyere.)

87. SPIRANTHIS. Leaves several.

88. Neorria. Leafless herbs.

89. LISTERA. ‘I'wo-leaved herbs.

F. 674. After 100. GASTRODIA, insert— :

100/1. YoAN1A. Sepals and petals free. Lip sbortly clawed, cymbiform. Colum
3-lobed. A stout leafless herb.

P. 675. 105. Herminium. The Herminia will with a saccate base of the lip
differ in no way from HABENARIA.

P. 675. 1. O.IRIDIFOLIA, Lindl, is not the iridifolia of Bot. Mag. t. 4517, which
is O. tahitensis.

P. 676. After 4. O. GRIFFITHIANA, insert—

4/1. INSECTIFERA, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. t. 2004; stem 0, leaves 2-4 in. ensiform
straight narrowed from the base to the tip, scape very short, spike about equalling
the leaves, flowers subwhorled sessile, sepals ovate subacute and linear petals reflexed,
lip much longer than the sepals, side lobes 2-3-partite segments elongate, midlobe
with 2 long slender tails.

Perak; at Larut, King’s Collector.

Leaves 3 in. broad, coriaceous, acute, shortly sheathing. Scape minutely bracteate;
bracts with subulate tips, minutely erose ; flowers about A, in. from the tip of the
dorsal sepal to that of the lip; sepals hyaline, obscurely 3-nerved ; petals ]-nerved;
lip papillose, like a minute 2-tailed insect, the 3-partite side lobes representing its legs.
Capsule very shortly pedicelled.— The flowers closely resemble those of O. Griffithiana,

from which this differs in the absence of stem, short scape, ensiform leaves narrow
from the base to the tip, and longer lip.

4/2. O. LUNATA, Lindl. Gea. § Sp. Orchid. 17; stemless, leaves ensiform erect
straight or falcate acuminate, scape and spike stout nearly as long as the leaves,
bracts broadly ovate, flowers in crowded whorls sessile, sepals ovate acuminate nerves
less, petals linear-lanceolate, lip semilunar erosely fimbriate. Malaxis lunata, lum
Bijdr. 394.

SINGAPORE; at Selitan, Ridley.—DISTRIB. Java. le

Leaves 3-5 by 3-4 in., not very fleshy, broadest about the middle. Pedunt?
1-1} in., with many subulate bract-like scales ; spike 2-3 in., straight or decurv® »
flowers 4; in. diam., whitish, sepals and petals membranous ; lip with the broad side?
or lateral lobes sometimes drawn up into large auricles (like a Microstylis of Sect. *)
tip notched or retuse, smooth. Capsule (young), sessile, tripterous.

P. 678. 12. O. FALCONERI. After Hook. f. insert—Jc. Plant. t. 1780.
P. 680. After 19. O. RECURYA, add—

19/1. O. rosea, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. t. 2005; stem short, leaves narrows
ensiform, scape very short, spike as long as the leaves or shorter, bracts lanceolate,

flowers sessile, petals elliptic erose, lip hardly longer than the sepals, side 10
quadrate, midlobe cuneiform retuse.

MALAY PENINSULA, Norris.
alt. 3-4000 ft., King’s Collector.
Stem sometimes flexuous, Leaves 2-34 by i-j in., slightly curved, acuminate.
Scape rather stout, naked ; flowers about A, in. diam., pink; sepals rounded-ovat^

obtuse, nerveless; petals as long; side lobes of lip incurved or spreading. Capsules
subsessile.

PERAK; Gunong Batu Pateh, Wray; Larit,

19/2. O. Manntt, Hook. f. Ie. Plant. t. 2003; stem elongate, leaves linear"
ensiform subacute recurved, spike very slender, flowers very minute subfascicled,
ovate erose, petals ovate-oblong erose, lip longer than the sepals quadrately oblong
side lobes small subulate-lanceolate divaricate, tip bifid with a minute lobule 18 t
sinus, segments subulate.

Supplement, $c.] verte. omcmipEx. (J. D. Hooker.) 181

JvNTEA HILLS, north of Silhet, alt, 3000 ft., Mann.

Stem 3-4 in. Leaves alternate, 1 in. long, } in. at the base. Spike 2 in.;
flowers A, in. broad, green; sepals rounded-ovate, obtuse; petals obtuse, nerveless ;
side lobes of lip decurved, terminal segments diverging or dependent. Capsules
minute, shortly pedicelled.—Habit of O. angustifolia, which has more obtuse shorter
leaves, an obcordate midlobe and linear-oblong side lobes of the lip. It would be
better to transfer angustifolia and place it with Dannii, in the broad petaled division
with a 3-lobed lip.

P. 681. 23. O. pacnyRAcuts, add to habitats—Khasia Hills, alt. 4-5000 ft., Mann.

P. 682. 29. O. cAuLESCENS, may be easily confounded with 36. O. angustifolia
from which the many straight acuminate leaves narrowed to the base, and pedicelled
ovaries, at once distinguish it.

P. 684. 36. O. ANGUSTIFOLIA, add to collectors’ names in the Khasia— Grifith,
—As mentioned under O. Mannii, O. angustifolia had better be referred to the
division + 3 at p. 680, and placed next to that plant.

P.686. After 40 insert.— .

41/1. 0. CILIOLATA, Hook. f.; caulescent, leaves broadly equitant short broadly
ensiform obtuse, spike dense-fld., bracts minute lanceolate, sepals ovate acute nerve-
ess and narrow petals eiliate with long hairs, lip quadrately oblong truncate
pectinately irregularly toothed.

SINGAPORE ; at Krangi, Ridley.

1 Stem 13-3 in., $ in. broad across the base of the leaves. Leaves erecto-patent,
- by 3-4 in., straight, rather broadest at the base, not very coriaceous. Scape
shorter than the leaves ; spike 2-3 in. ; flowers hardly whorled, 4; in. diam., shortly
pedicelled, sparsely hairy externally, as are the bracts and young fruit. Capsules
Pedicelled, ze in. long, turgid, thickly 3-winged.

ima] * Sides of the lip produced upwards into large auricles, add—(CREPIDIUM,

€).

2. M. KHASIANA, after Hook. f. insert—JZc. Plant. t. 1831.
P.687. 6. M. Scorrit, add— Ic. Plant. t. 2001.

Y 688. 8. M. roryopox, add—Ze. Plant. t. 2002.

. 689 Under synony > IGESTA, enter—Neottia planta-
; . ynonyms of 15. MiCROSTYLIS CONGESTA, tc
mur Don Prodr. 26, fid. Lindl. Gem. Sp. Orchid. 498; and under habitats,

Nie SINGAPORE, and MarAccA, Ridley in litt.

691. 22. Micr i i that the lip is much
. . OSTYLIS CRENULATA, Mr. Ridley informs me
dore rounded than im any other species, that it is a much smaller plant than
* "eedii, and that it may be a curious form of M. versicolor.
> 692. 3. L. THWAITESII, add—Ic. Plant. t. 2006.
- 696. 20, L. ACUMINATA, add—Zc. Plant. t. 2007.

2/1, L, Wnavir, Hook. f. 5 leaves 3-4 large elliptic acuminate, scape shorter than
» Dracts minute, sepals subequal linear-oblong 3-nerved, lip deflesed from
tubercled base cuneately flabelliform beyond the contracted middle trun

fat bis lobes fimbriately toothed. teut.)
ERAK, alt. 300 ft., Wray (in Herb. Calcutt.). . .
inm stout, 3-5 in., bass’ swali, roots stout. Leaves 4-6 in., sessile or con

in Ka à broad petiole, Scape rather stout ; raceme 2-4 in., glabrous; hh "ln .
sepals a Owers 1 in, diam., pale green with 2 claret-coloured stripes on ' re lip;
the ge i at length revolute; petals very narrow, margins revolute ; lip as long as

; column stout, incurved, not winged.
4 24. L. DEFLEXA, after Hook. f. iusert—Ic. Plant. t. 2008. ` , ae
WI - . . : ing o, informs
that there PARADOXA, Mr. Ridley, who finds this species at Singapore, 2 d
e tw> forms, one with pure yellow flowers, the other with the h latter is
p black ""-PUrple, and the lip green with a purple centre, which latter 1

P. 697

182 CXLVIII. ORCHIDEZ. (J.D. Hooker) [Supplement, óc.

the L. nervosa, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 21; Benth. Fl. Hougk. vi. 352 ; Franch.
et Sav. Enum. Fl. Jap. ii. 21; Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxii. 262 Ophrys nervosa,
Thunb. Fl. Jap. 27 ; Ic. Pl. Jap. t. 10. Malaxis nervosa, Swartz in Act. Holm. 1800,
235. Sturmia nervosa, Reichb. f. in Bonpland. iii. 250.—DistRiB. China, Japan.

P. 698. E. PARADOXA, Var. Parishii. Additional specimens of this collected in
Upper Burma (Herb. Caleutt.), appear to prove this to be a distinct species, which
may be characterized as follows :—

26/1. L. Parisutt, Hook. f. ; leaves 2-3 narrowed to the base or broadly petioled
lanceolate acuminate, flowers fleshy, bracts small ovate acuminate, sepals oblong
obtuse 5-nerved, lip recurved obovate retuse, base with 2 teeth, sides flat, column
suberect not winged, L. paradoxa, var. Parishii, Hook. f. l. c.

TENASSERIM, Lobb, Parish. Upper BURMA, Herb. Calcutt. . ,

Leaves 2-3 in. Scape 6-8 in., naked, few-fld.; bracts 4 in. ; pedicels 3 in.; ribs
of ovary not wrinkled; flowers 4 in. diam. ; sepals spreading, dorsal longest ; petals
deflexed, margins revolute ; lip thick, minutely erose beyond the middle ; basal teeth
united by a curved ridge, nerves faint subconcentric.—Very near L. paradoxa but
pedicels longer, bracts smaller and sides of lip not erect.

P. 701. After 37. L. OBSCURA, insert—

37/1. L. LATIFOLIA, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 380. L. Scortechinii, Hook. Fl.
Brit. Ind. v. 703, Ic. Plant. t. 2009. L. robusta, Hook. f. le. Plant. t.2012.
Malaxis latifolia, Blume Bijdr. 393.—I have now little doubt but that the two species
which I proposed as L. Scortechinii & robusta are forms of the Javanese L. latifolia:
the former of which was taken from a drawing of a specimen in an advanced state”
flowering. L. latifolia should be referred to the subsection of Coriifolia, with singie-

leaved pseudobulbs and 3-nerved sepals. L. robusta is a native of Maxwell's Hill,
PERAK (Wray).

P. 701. After 41. L. oBscURA, insert the two following :— . .

41/1. L. TORTA, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. t. 2014; pseudodulbs small, leaf sessile ellip-
tic-lanceolate acute 9-nerved, scape terete, bracts half as long as the long decurv
pedicels, sepals linear-oblong obtuse l-nerved revolute, margins recurved, lip shorter
than the sepals cuneate-obovate angles rounded, tip rounded obscurely crenulate,
callus basal 2-lobed. `

KnasrA Hirrs, alt. 3000 ft., Mann. ,

Pseudobulbs $ in., conical-ovoid. Leaf 4-5 by 1i-li in., thinly coriaceous
Scape rather stout, with few lanceolate bracts, sometimes flexuous ; bracts Kaka
lanceolate, membranous, spreading; pedicel with ovary 2 in.; sepals 4 in. ; lip 3 p
broad.—A. very distinct species, perhaps nearest to L. bootanensis, but differing
the 1-nerved sepals and the wings of the column not being hooked.

41/2. L. TENUIFOLIA, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. t. 2013; pseudobulbs small narro",
leaf elongate very narrowly linear-oblanceolate, scape naked with the elongate racem
as long as the leaf, bracts setaceous equalling the short capillary pedicels, flow
minute, sepals deflexed flat 1-nerved, lip with a suberect sessile lunate hypochile a0
rhomboidly orbicular convex puberulous deflexed epichile, calli 0, column not wIng*"*

Upper Assam; on the Mikir Hills, alt. 1000 ft., Mann. t

Pseudobulbs 4—} in., narrowly pyriform. Leaf 6-8 by }-} in. at the broades
part, narrowed downwards, 1-nerved. Scape and raceme very slender ; bracts ie
as long as the pedicel and ovary; flowers pale, 4 in. diam. ; sepals linear-oblorg:
obtuse, margins slightly recurved, nerve faint; lip rather shorter than the sepa
lobes of the hypochile incurved, subacute, half as long as the epichile ; column
rather slender.—4A very distinct species.

P. 703. 45. L. SCORTECHINII, see L. latifolia, above.
After 46. L. FLACCIDA, insert—

46/1. L. enAciLIS, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. t. 2011; pseudobulbs narrow, leave? ,
oblanceolate, scape long slender terete, raceme long lax-fld., bracts as long as

Supplement, §c.] ster, orcHIDEZ, (J. D. Hooker.) 183

very short pedicels, sepals linear-oblong obtuse revolute 3-nerved, lip sharply reflexed
from above the middle subclawed quadrately oblong nerveless truncate shortly bifid
and toothed with a minute entire obtuse interposed tooth, calli obscure or 0.

PERAK; on Waterfall Hill, Wray. .

, Pseudobulbs 1 in., sheathed. Leaves 3-7 in., acute,'rather thin, 5-nerved. Scape
with raceme much longer than the leaves; bracts } in.; flowers distant, about j in.
diam., pale green ; margins of sepals not recurved ; lip shorter than the sepals, con-
cave towards the base with thickened involute margins, blade smooth red, no calli,

ut an obscure thickened ridge at the very base; column obscurely winged above.—
A very distinct species,

P.704. After 49. L. DISTANS, insert—

49/1. L. DOLABELLA, Hook, f. Ic. Pl. t. 2010; pseudobulbs narrow, leaves 2 nar-
rowly oblanceolate, scape narrowly winged, raceme erect lax-fld., bracts small
subulate, flowers small, sepals oblong obtuse spreading 1-nerved, margins not recurved,
ip axe-shaped reflexed from a short broad claw anterior margin crenulate, disk with
depressed 3-carinate ridge which is truncate posteriorly and vanishes beyond the
middle of the lip and a branched nerve on each side.

Knasia Hoas alt, 4000 ft., Mann. : d

Pseudobulbs 1-2 in, Leaves 6-14 by 3-1 in., acute, subpetioled, 5-7-nerved.
pape with raceme shorter than the leaves ; pedicels i in., longer than the bracts;

owers $ in. diam. ; lip broader than long, exactly the shape of an axe or chopper,
"terior margin slightly rounded ; column incurved, slender, not winged.
, P.705. 53. L. RESUPINATA. Mr. Ridley informs me that the Nilghiri Dabit
18 no doubt an error, taken up from the late N. B. Ward's Herbarium (at the Britis
"9 um). The specimen was collected by Griffith, and no doubt in the Khasia.
id P, 707. LIPARIS DECURSIVA. Mr. Ridley informs me that this is absolutely
entical with L. reflexa, Lindl., an Australian species.
lod 708. LIPARIS ZEYLANICA. Mr. Ridley informs me that he cannot guess what
: diges’ Liparis from Ceylon is, and that the additional name of zey/an?ca 1s a
misprint in his monograph.

In generic character of PrATYOLINIS, after sepals and petals, add subequal, .

i È P. GRACILIS, in fourth line of character, for linear-oblong read ovate-lanceolate ;
after tip rounded, add or acute. Add at end, Jc. Plant. t. 2016.
2. P. Krxarr ; after Hook. f., insert Ic. Plant. t. 2015.
P. 709, OREoRCHIS INDICA; at end of character dele (not of Dene).

rae 710, In character of Sect. 1. SARCOPODIUM after “Leaves 2° insert in
c&ets (Leaf solitary in D. longivolle).

n. Line 6, after Aporum add, and Strongyle. ou .
"ms ¢ Dengen x Mr. Ridley informs me that this species

. , NGICOLLE. r. Ridley . roden)
d ." New Guinea, and that Reichenbacl's D. inauditum Reichb. f. (Lindenia
5,8) is a synonym of it; as also that the pseudobulbs are constantly Weg in
phi pet it- differs from all other Indian Sarcopodia, and approaches u D

8 D. PERAKENSE, after Hook. f. insert, Ie. Plant. t. 2019. . .
deeg d) 7. D. MACROPODUM, add Ic. Plant. t. 2020; and for “ pedicels very
read * pedicels with ovary very long.” id. 77, and
add as S, C PNINATUM, for “ Lind], mss," read Lindl. Gen. § Sp. Orchid..7T, :
Synonym Desmotrichum geminatum, Blume Bijdr. 332. ` uM n
long : LONGIPES, add Te. Plant. t. 2017, and in line 2 add, pedicel with ovary Toy
—À fine suite of specimens from Mr. Wray offers great variations ; i sma lobulbs
lin, lon top of Gunong Batu Pateh, alt. 6700 ft., has close-set polishe d Peudobulb
nearly 1 57 ad leaves only 4-2 in., scape 1} in.; another has a 3-leaved pse d with
y lin, long, and petioled leaves 3 in., the flowers of these are white tinged w

184 OXLVIII. ORCHIDEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Supplement, $c.

yellow in the centre, veined with red brown ; a third form has 3 sessile elliptic leaves
2-2} in. long, and a very stout 3-4-fld. scape, the flowers are straw coloured, finely
lined with dull pink ; a fourth form from a lower elevation has leaves 1-23 in., and
a slender 2.fld. scape, the flowers arelarge white. The breadth of the midlobe of the
lip in this species varies from almost orbicular-ovate to dagger-shaped. The sheaths
of the rhizome and pseudobulb are very membranous, red-brown.

10. D. puminum. '*Common at Singapore, with flowers yellow or cream
coloured ; lip with a dark spot at the tip, or veined with red. The two forms look
totally different, but I can find no structural difference. I never saw so many
flowers in a head as in D. quadrangulare.” Ridley in litt.

P. 714. 12. D. MaACRAEI, in line 2, for peduncled read pedicelled.

13. D. LoNCHOPHYLLUM, add Ic. Plant. t. 2018.

14. D. KUNSTLERI, add Ic. Plant. t. 2023, and in line 1 for leaves read leaf.
** Common in mangrove swamps at Singapore, flower very fugacious, lip superior.
Ridley in litt.

P. 723. 49. D.Lrowis. After the habitats insert, DISTRIB. Java. ‘Flowers
exquisitely scented of Vanilla.” Ridley in litt.

P. 724, 51. D. GRANDE. Add Je. Plant. t. 2024.

P. 724. 52. D. ATROPURPUREUM. ‘I think that the yellow fld. D. carnosum
is distinct. D. atropurpureum is smaller, shabbier-looking, and the flowers dark
claret-coloured as in Blume's drawing." Ridley in litt.

P. 725. After Sect. VII. STRONGYLE. Dele ‘ Flowers terminal.”

59. D. kENTRoPHYLLUM, Add Ze, Plant. t. 2021, and in line 2 for flowers
terminal, read re terminal or lateral."

P.726. 62. D. suBULATUM, for Hook. f. read Lindl. Gen. A: Sp. Orchid. 91, and
add as synonym Onychium subulatum, Blume Bijdr. 328. .

63. D. AcEROsUM, Add to Syns., D. subteres, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. m. 4.
“ Flowers all white or veined with red, leaves curiously grooved on each side.
Ridley in litt.

P.727. 68. D. Catnoartit, After Hook. f. insert Ic. Plant. t. 2022.

P. 728. 72. D. LOBBII, add Syn. D. Teysmanni, Miquel Fl. Ind. Bot. iii. 640.

73. D. TUBERIFERUM, After Hook. f. insert Ic. Plant, t. 2025, and in the
habitats, for Singapore read ‘ Perak.” The Singapore and Chittagong planis
are probably different species.

74. D. PobAGRARIA. After Hook. f. insert Jc. Plant. t. 2026.

75. D. craviPzs, Ic. Plant. t. 2027.

P. 729. After 76. D. CRUMENATUM, insert—

76/1. D. TENUICAULE, Hook. f.; stem tall very slender above, basal internode
minute globose, 2nd and 3rd slender, 4th and 6th thickened elongate conical,
stout 1 in. thickened cylindric ribbed, leaves 3—4 in. very narrowly linear, flowers
few terminating the leafless stems, dorsal sepal oblong 7-nerved, petals oblong wit
one branched nerve, mentum twice as long as the obtuse lateral sepals straight, "P
cuneate side lobes short rounded as broad as the sessile orbicular midlobe, €!
pubescent.

ANDAMAN IsrANDS (Ic. in Hort. Bot. Calc.).

Stems 10-12 in., sheathed at the upper nodes. Leaves 3 in. broad, acute.
Bracts minute, pedicel with ovary slender 4 in.; flowers 4-2 in. long, pure whites
petals as long as the dorsal sepal ; mentum trumpet-shaped tip acute yellowish ; lip
sessile at the base of the mentum, membranous, delicately veined ; column very sho H
3-toothed ; anther hemispheric.—Described from a drawing (that will be published
in King’s Annals of the Calcutta Garden) and dried flowers.

78. D. BOLBOFLORUM. To end of specific character add Ic. Plant. t. 2028. The

spurs at the base of the column, figd. and observed by Mr. Clarke, are not apparent
in dried specimens.

Supplement, $c.] ^ eiemt, onomrpEx. (J. D. Hooker.) 185

P. 790. 79. D. apuncum. Dele Bot. Mag. t. 6784.—Two very closely allied
species are confounded under this name. D. ADUNCUM and D. HERCOGLOSSUM,
agreeing in habit, foliage, inflorescence, and very nearly in flowers, but dis-
tinguished by the lip, which in aduncum has a glabrous area on the disk, its flowers
too are paler, the sepals less acuminate, and the arms of the column more notched.
Untikquite recently the native country of aduncum was unknown, and it was sup-
posed to be specifically the same as a Chinese plant which Reichenbach described as
hercoglossum, and which in Veitch's ** Manual ” is cited as a synonym. The lip in
both is very shortly clawed, Lindley regarded D. aduncum as closely related to D.
moschatum, but to me it seems widely different.

The following are the characters of the two species :— .

79. D. ADUNCUM; flowers pale pink, lip with a broad naked area on the
pubescent disk.—Sikkim and Bhotan Himalaya, Assam.

79/1. D. HERCOGLOssuM, Reichb. f. in Hamb. Gartenzeit. xlii. 558, in Gard.
Chron. 1886, ii. 487; flowers bright rose-red, disk of lip villous all over. D,
aduncum, Hook, f. Bot. Mag. t. 6784.

SINGAPORE, Ridley in litt. China.

79/2. D, FLAVIDULUM, Ridley mss.; stems slender pendulous, leaves lincar-
lanceolate, racemes on the leafless stems short, bracts subacute, dorsal sepal ovate-
oblong obtuse, tip thickened, lateral ovate acute deeply keeled from the middle
l the tip, petals oblong obtuse 5-nerved, mentum large obtuse shorter than the
Merl sepals, lip ovate-oblong 3-fid beyond the middle, lobes ciliate, midlobe
thickened,

SINGAPORE ; at Kranji, in Mangrove swam s, common, Ridley.

Stems 12-18 in., rather flexnous, soft, internodes about 1 in. Leaves 2}~3 in.,
acuminate with a notch on one side, membranous. Raceme with the slender
peduncle 4-2 in.; bracts } in.; flowers } in. long; sepals and petals rigid; lip
“herved, lobes ovate-oblong obtuse.—A very distinct species. Mr. Ridley informs

me that there are 2 forms of it, one with flowers all yellow, the other with white
sepals and petals. ,

5L D. connurum. Insert after Ic. Plant. t. 2029.

P. 731, 82, D.cuwvrATUM. I have examined specimens preserved in spirits
shor Dr. King (collected by Mr. Lister in Bhotan).- The claw of the lip is not
appeared. may be traced down the spur, and is as long as the blade; an Cat
Much rainy a SMA tubercle in the dried specimen is an elongate groove

weed towards base of the claw, the mentum is more or less laterally com-
D ecd, rometimes longer than the sepals, The Perak plant doubtfully referred to

EM is very different, but not in a state for description.
ul. SIL D, - f; stems terete, leaves 4 by I in. lanceo-
d acuminate, racemes on leafless ` rend lender few-fid., dorsal sepal and petals
acute Zone subacute 7-nerved, mentum twice as long as the ovate-oblong sub-
oboy eral sepals slender spur-like acute, lip large spathulate, claw as long as
ate M Tenulate limb, with an obtuse oblong reversed callus at the base.
; at Laru .d , .
, Stems ke fto narrowed to e eM) is not tuberous, internodes 1 in» $ in.

i nee bri 7 in.; bracts small, ovate;
pedicel with ovary DT DE, Te i. Teng, bright orange yellow with
straight oe each side of the lip towards the base of the limb; mentum nowy

ing’s Am *scribed from dried flowers and a drawing that will be pu

unals cf the Caleutta Garden.

e : KENTROCHILUM, after Hook. f. insert Te. Plant. t. 2030.

P 2 aaa after Hook. f. insert Ic. Plant. t. 2031. aalt 2092. T

ing an vu D. HYMEN ok, f. insert Ic. Plant. t. 2032. iere
wel e earlier D, hymenanthum (Lindl, Gen. & d Orchid. 86), I have named this

NOPTERUM in the “ Icones Plantarum.”

186 CXLVI. ORCHIDE®. (J.D. Hooker) [Supplement, $c.

After 89, D. PrRULA, insert— 2. d. leaves

89/1. D. PANDURIFERUM, Hook. f.; stems elongate cylindric grooved, ie de
(on young stems only) lanceolate, racemes short 6-8-fld., dorsal sepal broadly ovate
obtuse, petals orbicular crenate, mentum many times longer than the broa i dee
subacute lateral sepals tip swollen, claw very long and slender, limb smali rad
constrieted in the middle forming lateral auricle-like side lobes and an obcor
midlobe, disk with a large transverse lamella between the side lobes.

Prev; at Rangoon, Gilbert (Ic. in Herb. Calcutt.). . ften

Stems 2-3 ft. narrowed at the base; internodes 1-1} by i in., nodes KS
rooting ; sheaths membranous, white, young green and speckled. Leaves in ,
1-1j in. acuminate, Racemes 1-2 in.; bracts small; pedicel with ovary i dé
flowers 1 in. long; sepals and petals green with streaks of red dots along or
numerous nerves ; mentum incurved, thickened towards the rounded tip, strag dull
slightly curved, green streaked with red; claw of lip 3-4 times as long as t leg
yellow limb, margins incurved above, below united to the walls of the men pc
anther stipitate on the top of the column,—Nearly allied to D. tropcolifto zi
Also near 88, D. ionopus, R.f., but the flowers are not yellow with red blotehes, the
is the claw of the lip thick and keeled. This will be figured in King's Annals 0
Calcutta Garden. l . riety

Var. serpens. In the Caleutta Garden collection of drawings 1s one ofa We Lei
of panduriferum, or of a very closely allied species, marked as from Perak (Kuns d
with longer flexuous stems tuberous at the base, yellow sepals, and petals s$ "thick-
rather than dotted with red along the nerves, and a mentum as long but not This
ened towards the tip; the limb of the lip is less constricted in the middle.
may be Reichenbach's D. ionopus. deeply

89/2. D. TROPŒOLIFLORUM, Hook. f.; stem flexuous thickened upwards d
grooved, leaves linear-oblong, raceme slender 6-fld., dorsal sepal ovate acute, p í
very broad, mentum straight cylindric many times longer than the triangular- mb
acute lateral sepals, lip with a very long slender claw and small panduriform
disk with a large semilunar callus.

PERAK ; at Larut, Kunstler (Ic. in Herb. Calcutt.). . 21

Stem a foot long, incurved, internodes 2—1 in., the thickest 1 in. diam. . Ted
by 2in., acute. Raceme 2 in., rachis pink; bracts minute ; pedicel with ov
iin. green; flowers lin. long; sepals and petals i-i in. Jong, dark red-purp x
mentum à in., yellow-green, tip rounded ; limb of lip with a rounded retuse wi in
tip.—A remarkable species, described from a drawing, which will be publis hic
King’s Annals of the Calcutta Garden. According to a note by Mr. Brace T the
accompanies the drawing, the sides of the claw of the lip adhere to the sides 0 The
mentum (as in panduriferum and probably other species of Sect. Pedilonum).
flowers very much resemble in form those of T'ropeolum pentaphyllum, Lamk. he

P. 732. 91. D. BIFARIUM; after Wall. Cat. 2002, add (in part), for one of t
specimens is a var. of Appendicula bifaria. (See p. 83.) "

P. 737. 108. D. sPHEGIDOGLOSSUM. D. srUPOsUM being the earlier nam
should be adopted. D

P. 741. 124. D. PENDULUM. Dele Syn. D. Wardianum (see No. 127). ^
melananthum is considered to be a hybrid with D. Wardianum.

. P. 743. 130. D. DEVONIANUM; under Syns., after “not of Lodd.,” add, nor of

Roxb., or of Bot. Mag. Wi

131. D. DALHOUSIEANUM, must take the name of PULCHELLUM, Rozb.in Lini
Gen. d Sp. Orchid. 82; Fl. Ind. iii, 486, a species, which, misled by Lindley
reference to it of D. Devonianum, Y had hitherto failed to recognize. Reverting to
it for this supplement, I find nothing in Roxburgh’s description and drawmg e
distinguish it from Dalhousieanum (also a native of Silhet) except the drawing
the lip, which is too obcordate, and does not represent the villous tip, °F the
pectinate lobes on the disk which are so conspicuous in the latter plant. On -
other hand, Roxburgh describes the lip as * beautifully marked, ciliate and ramenta
ceous,” characters that apply to Dalhousieanum and to no other species at all like

Supplement, Ze otem, opepmez, (J. D. Hooker.) 187

In short, as with Calogyne nitida E Geodorum recurvum, the faulty drawings, all
by the same native ete ne the lips (probably in a withered state) have retarted
the recognition of otherwise well marked and described species. In this view Mr.
Rolfe is disposed to agree with me. . -

With regard to Loddige's pulchellum, (Bot. Cab. t. 1935, & Bot. Mag. t. AST)
Rolfe (Gard. Chron. 1887, ii. 155) has shown that it is a Chinese plant (D. Loddigesit,
Rolfe), and neither Roxburgh’s pulchellum nor Deronianum. ie fe

P. 745. 137. D. BRYMERIANUM. Dr, Trimen has sent me a fine drawing that
the Peradeniya Herbarium of a cultivated specimen of D. crinif erum, showing Tt ` s
has no affinity with D. Brymerianum, but belongs to the Sect. Cadetia.
probably a Philippine species,

P. 746. D. MOULMEINENSE, is perhaps only a state of D. divanthum. At the
end of the specific character add Ic. Plant. t. 2033.

P. 748. 146, D. CHRYSEUM, as stated at vol. v. p. 791, this name must give place
. aurantiacum, R.f.

P. 752. D. Hvanrr. Dele, said to be a form of D. crumenatwn ; and add to SPECIES
UNKNOWN To ME—

D. ANDERSONII, Scott in Journ. Agric. Soc. Ind. iii. (1872) 117, from Burma,
collected by Dr, J. Anderson in 1868, and described from a plant that flowere in, D
Caleutta Bot. Gardens. It resembles, according to its author, a dwarfed form ish it.
formosum, from which species the description does not enable me to distinguish it.
I: is stated to be highly aromatic.

P. 753. 2. B. CLANDESTINUM. Common at Singapore, Ridley in litt.
3. B. MACRANTHUM, in last line after “lip” add “strongly recurved,” and to

Citations, Ridley in Ann. Bot. iv. (1890), 335, t. 22, f. 1-6. ‘The flowers smell of
cloves, Ridley,

P. 754, After 4. B. MEGALANTHUM, add— .

(1. B. PATENS, King mss; scape very short 1-fid., FER d'EU
Pseudobulb of the elliptic-oblong leaf, flower 1} in. diam., petals ed. lip shortly
and broader lateral sepals widely spreading and falcately decurred, AN
stipitate linear-oblong quite straight, column truncate without apical teeth.

ERAK, Kunstler (Ic. in Herb. Caleutt.) . "UN =

izome stout, Wich at the nodes; pseudobulbs 1-1} in., ellipsoid. Leaf 6-8

S udobulb arrowe i d i-i i the
JJ 2-23 in., acute n red into a short petiole. Scape i-i in. close to
With lb, clothed with short imbricate scales ; pedicel 13-2 in., yellowish speckled
ith red y

3 Sepals ish, closely mottled with red-purple, i1 ur CS
dorsa] erect ond E Tee ish, lose "lateral ovate-lanceolate ; lip $ În, J008,
tuse, base truncate; column very short.—Described from the dra E nus and
‘leutt., and dried flowers. The straight lip is remarkable in the genus,
inguishes it from p. macranthum. i Calcutt.)
- 755. 9. B. Lopnt, add to habitats, Chittagong hills, (Ze. in Herb. Calcutt.
P e 17. B. MEMBRANIFOLIUM. After Te. Plant insert t. Ss forms of
P57. 19. B. » . . Ridley informs me that there are .
wl Jar 19. B m d M » d flowers, and a Singaporean with much larger
ckly spotted flowers,

21. B, CONFERTUM. After Ic. Plant. insert 2035.

P. 758, 24. B. CAULIFLORUM ,, » di
P. 159 25. B. PROTRACTUM ,, » ? Zen
- 759.29. p. "ASS
taf [ls B. coxervxvar, Hook f. Ie, Plant’'t, 2088"; scape shorter than "ener
taf slender few-fid., flowers very small, sepals ovate-lanceolate acute menti
Ze, 3 times as long as the linear-oblong obtuse l-nerved petals, mentum
unded, lip minute recurved, columnar spurs slender.
INGAPORE

» at Chang Chu Rang. Ridley. .
very slender, sheathed ; pseudobulbs j-3 in., narrow terete curved,

188 CXLVIII. ORCHIDE®. (J. D. Hooker) [Supplement, ĝe.

Leaf 3-1 in., acute or obtuse, coriaceous. Scape 1-1 in., 3-5-fld., sheaths few small,
bracts lanceolate nearly as long as the ovary or shorter, flowers orange-yellow ;
sepals about 1 in. long, dorsal rather the shortest ; lip tongue-shaped.

30. B. LEPTANTHUM. After Ic. Plant. insert 2039 A, and in line 4 for 3-
nerved sepals read l-nerved petals.—Var. ? Gamblei. Aftera further comparison
of specimens with B. leptanthum, I am convinced of the specific distinctness of this
variety, which I have figured in the ** Icones Plantarum” as B. Gamblei t. 2039 B.

P. 760. 3. B. Kine. After Ic. Plant. insert t. 2053 ined.

P.761. Under 37. B. curnzvw. Dele the synon. var. stenopetala. Two very
closely allied species are here confounded, both natives of Tenasserim ; one is the
true cupreum var. stenopetalum, which, as Mr. Rolfe has pointed out to me is also
that author's B. rufinum, a plant referred by me by oversight to 58. B. CONCHIFE-
RUM (which has no pseudobulb and no auricles to the lip). The following are the
characters of the two species :—

37. B. cuPREUM, Lindl. l.c.; pseudobulb 1 in. subglobose, scape slender
inclined slightly eurved, sheaths small distant, raceme 1-2 in., flowers uniformly
coppery yellow, bracts ovate-oblong much shorter than the ovary, lateral sepals
ovate-lanceolate acute, petals triangular-ovate acuminate, lip narrow obtuse auricles
large, columnar spnrs short slender. "TENAssERIM, Parish.— Very like B. Carey-
antcm, but the rhizome and scape are much more slender, the flowers fewer and les
dense, and the petals are not aristate. Lindley's description is wholly insufficient.
In his specimen the petals and auricles of the lip are serrulate, in others that flowered
at Kew they are entire. The Manilla habitat is no doubt an error.

37/1. B. RUFINUM, Reichb. f. Xen. Orchid. iii. 45 t. 219; pseudobulb 2 in.
oblong, scape long stout decurved, sheaths large, raceme 6-10 in. lax-fld., bracts
lanceolate about as long as the flowers, flowers dirty-yellow with red streaks on the
sepals, lateral sepals and small petals narrowly lanceolate acuminate, lip narrow
obtuse, auricles small entire, columnar spurs slender. B. cupreum var. stenopetalum,
Reichb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 152.—TENASSERIM, Parish.—The large pseudo-
bulb, stout large scape, long raceme and bracts, narrow sepals, and colour of the
flowers readily distinguish this from cuprewm and Careyanum.

P. 764. 32. B. aymnopus. After Ic. Plant. insert t. 2040.
53. B. THOMSONI » » , t. 2041.
54. B. SECUNDUM » » , t. 2042.

P. 766. 58. B. CONCHIFERUM, dele D. rufinum, &c. See above, No. 37/1.
61. B. APopUM. After Jc. Plant. insert t. 2013,

62. B. WRAYI » » t.2044.
P. 767. 63. B. LEPTOSEPALUM » » t.2045.
64. B. HYMENANTHUM » » t. 2046, and after it place—

61/1. B. ADENOPETALUM, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1812, Misc. 85; pseudobulbs
obsolete, leaves petioled oblong obtuse base scarcely pseudobulbous, spike rather
longer than the leaf many-sheathed below many-fld., sepals acuminate, petals
spathulate acute glandular within, lip narrowly ovate obtuse ciliate base channelled.
Walp. Ann. vi. 255.

SINGAPORE; Hort. Loddiges.

Flowers yellowish, slightly sweet-scented.—Described from Lindley ; there is n0
specimen in his Herbarium, only a sketch of the flower, in which the ovate sepals
are narrowed into long capillary points.—Two different Philippine species in er»
Hook. and in Herb. Lindley, both labelled by that author B. adenopetalum, led me
to suppose that the latter had been erroneously attributed to Singapore, whence my
exclusion of it from the Flora.

64/2. B. vERMICULARE, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. t. 2054; rhizome very slender
tortuous, leaves small linear-oblong obtuse base narrowed, scape short slender few-
fid., sepals 1-nerved dorsal linear, lateral ovate-lanceolate uncinately falcate, petas
narrowly linear 1-nerved, lip linear-oblong obtuse 3-nerved hairy.

Docs teh eld Bune E e,

Supplement, §:c.] CXLVIII. ORCHIDES. (J. D. Hooker.) 189

SINGAPORE; at Kranji, Ridley. .

Rhizome as thick as a sparrow’s quill; pseudobulb 0. Leaf 14-13 in., narrowed
into a short petiole. Scape with the spike shorter than the leaves, 2-sheathed ; bracts
half as long as the flower ; ovary very short; flowers 2 in. long; lateral sepals finely
acuminate, decurved ; petals half as long, obtuse; lip thin, sessile, almost as long as
the petals, hairs long flexuous ; column with short spurs.—Near B. adenopetalum,
differing in the petals not being spathulate or glandular within, and in the sepals not
having long filiform apices, and in the linear 3-nerved lip.

66. B. GLOBULUS. After Jc. Plant. insert t. 2047.

P. 768. 71. B. MICRANTHUM » » » t. 2018.
P.769. 75. B. cirRHaTUM , » , t. 2049.
P. 770. 79. B. canpipum » » ,, t. 2050.

P.770. B. ADENOPETALUM, See above, No. 64/1.

P.771. B. SILLENIANUM, should be SILLEMIANUM.

After B, SILLEMIANUM, add—

„B. srRIATELLUM, Ridley in Ann. Bot. iv. (1890) 385 (excl. fig); very small,
thizome filiform, pseudobulbs conic curved, leaf lanceolate acute, scape very short
filiform 1.fd, sepals subequal oblong or oblong-lanceolate caudate, petals ovate-oblong
obtuse, lip very short narrow recurved pubescent beneath, columnar arms obtuse.

SINGAPORE, on trees, Char Chu Raang, Ridley.

Pseudobulbs hardly } in. long. Leaf erect, 2 by jin. Scape hardly longer than
t © pseudobulb, 1-2-sheathed at the base; pedicel 1 in., red; perianth closed; sepals

in. long and petals yellow with 3 red keels; petals 1-nerved; lip yellow, tip .dotted
with red and with 2 red dots at the base; column short.—I have seen no specimen.

scription from Ridley, who describes the arms of the column as short and obtuse.

»* petals he describes as being rather shorter than the body of the sepals (that is
dg. Ut the fails). The figure which he gives (t. 22 f. 7, 8, 9) must belong to a
different Species, for the columnar arms are represented as very slender. I do not

now where to place this curious 1-flowered species which certainly does not naturally

ong to the 194. section. It may be a depauperated state of a plant of either the
Ticemose or capitate section.

9/1. Henosts, I have erred in the description of this remarkable plant. The
Teal Petals, which form a minute broad low wing on each side of (what is nota
column with adnate petals but) the enormous 2-winged column, along the naked foot
ot which they extend as a membranous boarder to the insertion of the lateral
Sepals, they are perfectly hyaline, and were so appressed to the sides of the very base
lo € column that (though they are indieated in a rude sketch by Lindley), I \t to
me ed them, and I am indebted to my artist, Miss Smith, for pointing them ou na
very b ey ure not triangular-ligulate, as described by Reichenbach, put ow ane
Bul, road.—It may be a question whether this plant should not be res ored to
on ophyllum, in which Reichenbach placed it; if it is to be retained it mus pe

Account of the remarkable very large 2-winged column, like none other in the

nto me; the long pedicels too are quite peculiar. If referred to Bulbo-
sepa] Should be to the racemose section with pseudobulbs and glabrous eci PS

Pals and petals, though very unlike any member of that group. It might with e
l ` Jymnopus and 62. B. Wrayi, form a group distinguished from all others by the

Il sepals being inserted at the apex of the naked foot of the column.

` LONGIPES, after Ic. Plant. insert t. 2051 ined.

P, "A after 3. C. VAGINATUM, insert— Tijdsch. xxiv. (1862)

Dass LONGESCAPUM, Teysi, & Binn. in Batav. Natur. jjdsch. xxiv. 1
xli Pseudobulbs suboyate obtuse 4-angled 2-leaved, leaves oblong obtuse row dod
erte glabrous, scapes long cylindric, flowers capitate dense M crowded
erect Mal, bracts short, lateral sepals subserrulate, dorsal smaller linear- anceo ate
chang els obtuse ciliate with long hairs 5-nerved, lip tongue-shaped obtuse reflex

cordate. PENANG, Lobb.

190 CXLVIII. ORCHIDEZ. (J.D. Hooker.) [Supplement, óc.

Pseudobulb 2 by 1} in. Leaves6 by lj in. Scape 15 in.; flowers 20-95,
brown.— Description from the authors. I know nothing like it. The 2-leaved pseudo-
bulbs are remarkable.

P.774. 9. C. ROXBURGHII. After Ie. Plant. 2057 A. insert —From a drawing
lately received from Calcutta, I suspect that C. .4ndersonii should be referred
to C. Roawburghii. .

9/1. C. concinNuM, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. t. 2060 B. ; very small, rhizome slender,
pseudobulbs conico-ovoid, lateral sepals 4 in. linear-oblong acute nearly flat, Week
long as the ovate caudate long-ciliate dorsal, petals as long as the dorsal sepa
ovate-lanceolate caudate acuminate long ciliate, lip fleshy strongly recurved, column
winged shortly 2-toothed.

SINGAPORE ; Ridley.

Pseudobulbs A in.; close set, curved. Leaf 1-1} in., oblanceolate, obtuse,
coriaceous, hardly petioled. Scape from the base of the pseudobulb, with membranous
sheaths at the base, very slender, shorter than the leaf ; flowers 6-8, whorled ; bracts
minute; pedicels very short; sepals5-nerved; petals 3-nerved.

P.775. 15, CrRRHOPETALUM ELATUM, after Ic. Plant. insert—t. 2052

P. 777. 20. C. ANDERSONI, » » » t.2055
21. C. BREVIPES, » » » t. 2056
22. C. AUREUM, » » » +t. 2057B

P.778. 26. C. GAMBLIEI, » » » t. 2058
27. C. THOMSONI, » » » t, 2059
29. C. PARVULUM, » » » t. 2060 A

P. 779. 32. C. viRIDIFLORUM, » » » t. 2061

P.780. 33. C. BLEPHARISTES. Ina fine drawing of this lately received from
the Calcutta Gardens, the leaves are often 2-nate, the scape long and decurv
and the sepals and petals 7-9-nerved. ` .

34. C. MACRAEI. Under Synonyms, for Bulb. Walkerianum, read Macrael.

P. 782. 32. DENDROCHILUM LINEARIFOLIUM, after Ic. Plant. add t. 1859 ined.
and, confer D. fuscum, Teijsm. j^ Binn. Bat. Natur. Tijdsch. xxix. (1867) 242.

P.784. 2. CHRYSOGLOSSUM ERRATICUM, after Ic. Plant. insert—t. 2062

. » ASSAMICUM, ` » » t. 2063 alata
4. » MACULATUM, t. 2064, and add Syn. Tainia macula”
9
CorrABiUM WRAYI, After Zc. Plant. insert— t. 2065

P.788. 11. ERIA EXILIS, So» » p» te 2074A

P. 780. 15. E. wuscicorA, The Ceylon form referred to at the end of the
description is var. oblonga, Trim. Cat. Ceyl. Pl. 88.

i, P.790. 18. ,, Krwem, After Ic. Plant. insert—t. 2066

19. , IRIDIFOLIA, » » » t.2087
20. ,, LONGIFOLIA, » » » t.2068
P.795. 38. ,, ANDERSONI, » » , t.2069
P.797. 46. ,, RECURVATA, » » » t. 2070
48. ,, SACCIFERA, » » » t.2071
P.798. 50. ,, Matneayt, » » » t.2072
P.801. 63. , ANDAMANICA, » » „ t. 2073

61. E. PULCHELLA. I have lately received more specimens, and from or
cutta drawings of this plant, from which I conclude that Lindley was right 1m e
tinguishing E. discolor from E. pulchella, though he assigns no good reasons
doing so. The chief differences are the very large stout articulate pseudobulbs of e
discolor, its much stouter rhizome, and stouter more glabrous scape with mo
numerous cochleate coriaceous bracts, bas

E. pulchella is a Malayan species, from Tenasserim to Java. Æ. discolor `
been found only in Sikkim. Both have nearly orbicular lips articulate with
pulvinate purple shining foot of the column by a very narrow short claw.

Supplement, $c.] otemt, omommzms. (J. D. Hooker.) 191

P. 803. 71. E. Trwarrrsrr. For Hook. f., rend Trimen Cat. Ceyl. Pl. 88.

P. 804. After 72. E. PANNEA, insert—

73/1. E. CALAMIFOLIA, Hook. JL: stems very short from a creeping rootstock
3-4-leaved, leaves linear terete acuminate, scape terminal 3-4-fld. and flowers
densely woolly, bracts large ovate acuminate, mentum short obtuse, petals linear-
oblong puberulous, lip ovate-oblong obtuse very thick concave about the middle,
quite smooth and naked.

UPPER Assam; Makum forest, Mann. .

Rhizome as thick as a crow-quill, and short leaf sheaths sparingly woolly;
pseudobulbs 0. Leaves 3-6 in., about E in. diam., obscurely channelled above when

Tj, acuminate, quite smooth, glabrous. Scape terminal much shorter than the
leaves, slender, densely white, silkily woolly as are the backs of the bracts and sepals;
mots $ in.; sepals } in. long, dorsal oblong, lateral triangular-ovate acute;
Petals much smaller ; lip straight, jointed on the broad foot of the column, which is
short broad puberulous with an ovate subacute apex and incurved sides; anther
"Sen, obtuse.—Probably the Sikkim & Khasian Æ. panned.

A 75. ERIA PYGM XA, After Ic. Plant. insert —t. 2074 B

6. ,, LANCIFOLIA, ap » » n tO

P.805. 78. ,, oRassicautis, » » a t.2076

79. ., LEPTOCARPA, » » » t. 2077

Pong 83, » GRACILIS, » » » t. 2078

P. 807. 84. » OLIGANTHA, » » a t. 2079

87. ,, TUBEROSA, " » » § 2080

P 808. 89. » APORINA, » ^ » t.2081

P 809. 93, » SCORTECHINII, » » » t.2082

Y 810. CrapkRIA VIRIDIFLORA, » » » t.2083

BIL 4, PnaEATIA NANA, » » » t. 2084 .

P. 813. 2. Sparnogrorris AUREA, after Walp. Ann, vi. 455, insert Reichb.

f. in Gard, Chron, 1888, 92, with fig.; Veitch. Man. Orchid. Pt. vi. 6. S. Kimba-

3. S. WRAYI, after Ic. Plant. insert t. 2086.

Bai 4g BENSON], ,, ai , t.2087. . .
5. S. Lonnrr, at end of description add in Veitch Man. Orchid. Pt. vi. 7 this

ppecies ìs described as a native of Borneo. Reichenbach gives E. Indies, ? Khasia.
* specimens in Kew Herbarium are from Tenasserim, on rocks at Akyab, Parish.

6. 8. PUDESCENS i i is in Herb. Calcutt. from
var. Berkeleyi, specimen of this in Herb. t r
Upper Burma have leaves 1 in. broad, the scape 18 in., and floweras in Fortuni,
treat the midlobe of the lip is very thick, and its wings cuneately oblong an
e. H

wa A l. Puasus WarrrcHi, Add after Walp. Ann. vi. 459, Bot. Mag. t.

„and after de Vriese Ilust. . 8, add Regel Gartenfl. 1865, t. 404.—V eitch (Man.
P, “1, 15) describes p. bicolor k 2 var of ^W. allichii, with small knobby rhizomes,
lobe GER flowers having a tawny yellow spur and tube of the lip, and white mid-
© bordered with rose. It is a native of Ceylon. He retains P. grandifolius as a
Gros t Species, including Blumei as a var. of it. The only tangible characters,
fo Pt colour, by which he distinguishes grandifolius from Wallichii are, that in t he
whilst i. * sepals and petals are oblong-lanceolate, and the lip broadly obos ate;
oval. m the latter the sepals and petals are linear-lanceolate and the uM roadiy
ype ( e gives the Himalayas as habitat for both. His var. Blume differs rome
with Zei olius) in the broader deep buff yellow petals and sepals faint PAPAE
the Him. As habitats of grandifolius he gives, besides the original one of Chine,
vii, 804). ‘ya, Cochin China and Australia; thus following Bentham (Fl. ral.
Le d

l
that spec ano includes P, australis, leucopheus and Carronii, of F. Muell) under

03, P. venareryonivs, Add. Syn, Dendrobium veratrifolium, Sos, Hort. Beng.

192 CXLVIII. ORCHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Supplement, $c.

P. 817. 3. P. MACULATUS. After Mus. Bot. ii. 180 insert Williams Orchid.
Alb. t. 381, and place Blum. Orchid. Archip. Ind. 9, after Reichb. Fl. Exot. t. 63.

8/1. P. nanus, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. t. 2088 ined. ; leaves 4-5 in., scape very
short closely sheathed, raceme dense-fld., sepals and petals lanceolate acuminate, lip
as broad as long puberulous within, side lobes rounded, midlobe short broad undulate,
spur 0.

P BENGAL; in the Buxa Doar, Gamble (in Herb. Calcutt.).

Pseudobulbs 0. Roots tufted; rootstock stout, with grass-like sheaths somes
times much longer than the leaf. Leaf elliptic, acute; petiole 2 in., stout. Scape
from the base of the leaf and shorter than it is, sheaths subacute ; bracts cymbiform,
acuminate; sepals lj in. long; column short, stout, puberulous.—A very singular
species, of which I have seen but two specimens, kindly lent from the Calcutta
Herbarium by Dr. King. The long grass-like sheaths or primordial leaves are
singular,

P.818. 7. P. ALBUS. Var. Bensonic, after description insert Phajus Bensoni®,
Hemsl. in Gard. Chron. 1882, 565; and after Jenning’s Orchid. add Williams
Orchid. Alb. ii. t. 67.— Veitch (Man. Orchid. Pt. vi. 19) does not regard Benson,
alba and Marshalliana as specifically distinct; he distinguishes Bensonte from
alba by the larger differently-coloured flowers, with the midlobe of the lip larger m
proportion to the whole lip, and more oblong, and by the wings of the column being
toothed. He keeps Marshalliana as a form from being usually more tall and Wen
the lip shorter, the hairs on the crests of the lip more numerous and longer, the
column shorter and stouter with the apical wings more dilated; and as a subvar.
this he maintains Reichenbach’s var. ionophlebia (Gard. Chron. 1885, 70), with the
centre of the lip pale yellow, the sides streaked with purple.

25. NEPHELAPHYLLUM, Blume.

In the generic description in the 2nd line after leaf, add, or elongate and
exserted ; and after 3. N. TENUIFLORUM, add—

4. N. NUDUM, Hook. f. ; leaves ovate acuminate, scape slender much longer m
the leaves few-fld., bracts slender, lip elongate narrowly subpanduriform, side lo
small acute, midlobe transversely oblong retuse with a short broad semicircular
lamella on the mibrib towards the tip.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA; King. a.

Stem stout, 4 in., ascending. Leaves distant, 1-2 in., lower petioled, upper sessile ;
sheath short, membranous. Scape 6 in., with a basal and median tubular appres à;
sheath nearly 1 in. long; bracts 4 in., as long as the pedicel and ovary, deflexe ;
sepals and petals spreading, subequal, linear, subacute, 3-nerved : lip nearly 1 in. long
from the base of the stout truncate spur to the tip of the dorsal sepal, membro
nous, 3-nerved with branching side nerves, gradually dilated upwards to the tooth-like
side lobes, midlobe broader than the rest of the lip, margins undulate.—Near ^
tenuiflorum, which has also a tall scape.

5. N. GRANDIFLORUM, Hook. f.; leaves ovate deeply cordate acuminate, scap?
longer than the leaves 2-fld., flowers 1 in. diam., lip oblong, side lobes small obtuse;
midlobe ovate tip rounded, disk with 3 keels from base to apex.

Perak (Ic. Scortechini). Maraya, Kunstler (Ic. in Herb. Calcutt.). .

Leaves 3-5 by 21-31 in., strongly nerved, basal lobes rounded, sinus narrow?
petiole 3-4 in., stout. Scape with raceme 8-10 in., pubescent, sheaths tubu an
appressed, membranous; bracts small, lanceolate ; flowers greenish flushed with re&
hp purple; sepals lanceolate, acute; petals rather broader, elliptic; lip decury® i
white externally, mentum truncate; column white, purple at the base.— Descr ts)
from a fine drawing in Herb. Calcutt., perhaps (as usual with native artis
exaggerated in dimensions.

P. 820, 2. TAINIA PENANGIANA, after Hook. f. insert Ic. Plant. t. 2089 ined,

6. T. LATIFOLIA, add Syn, Cymbid., Griff. Notul. iii. 843; Jc. Plant.
Asiat, t. 319.

Supplenpent, $c.] CXLVIII. ORCHIDER. (J. D. Hooker.) 193

7. T. KHASIANA, after Ic. Plant. insert t. 2090

8. T. MINOR, » » t. 2091
9. T. nASTATA, » » t. 2092
10. T. macunata to be cancelled 3 it is Chrysoglossum maculatum,
p. 784.
ll. T. LATILINGUA, after Ic, Plant, insert t. 2093
14. T. MAINGAYI, after » » t. 2094 and add—

15, T. conpATA, Hook. J^; leaf-blade longer than the stout petiole base cor-
te, scape tall many-fld. slender, sepals linear subacute and lanceolate petals 1.
nerved, mentum very short, side lobes of lip short acute, midlobe suborbicular, disk
with 2 lamella reaching nearly to the apex.
Sikkim HIMALAYA (Ic. in Hort. Calcutt.). .
Rhizome as stout as the middle finger or stouter and pseudobulb and petiole dark
purple, Leaf about 12 by 43 in., 7-nerved, base oblique. Scape with raceme 2 ft. ;
raceme laxly many-fld. ; bracts 3 in., lanceolate, shorter than the ovaries; sepals and
Petals $ in., dark green and red; lip yellow, midlobe entire; anther with two purple
nobs—Described from an excellent drawing made in the Calcutta Bot. Gardens,
Where there is also an outline drawing, by Simons, of an Assam allied species, with no
preudobulb, a petiole as thick as the little finger, a suborbicular-cordate acuminate
“nerved leaf 74 by 6 in., a scape much shorter than the leaf few-fld., sepals lanceo-
ate S-nerved, petals ovate-oblong acute 5-nerved, and a cuneiform lip with small
midlobe, mentum large conical.

P.824. 3. AGROSTOPHYLLUM GLUMACEUM, after Ie. Plant. insert t. 2095

F " MAJUS ” ” ” t 2096

+ A. PAUCIFLORUM » » » `
P. 825, 2. CERASTOSTYLIS MALACCENSIS » » » t. 2098
P 3. C. CLATHRATA D n » t. 2099
*826. 4, C. PENDULA » » » t2100
- C. HIMALAICA » » » t. 2101
P. 6. C. LANCIFOLIA » » » t 2102
-827. 7. C. ROBUSTA t. 2108.

D ” ”
33. TRICHOSMA SUAVIS, for 1841 Mise. 83, read 1842, t. 21.

P. 88. 34. Geesen, After the publication of Vol. V. of this work, Veitch’s
Manual Pt, Vi. appeared, containing the cultivated species of Celogyne with good
Pons, and with figures of several British Indian ones, which are cited below.
- CŒLOGYNE GAXDNERIANA, after Pazt. Mag. vi. t. 73 insert Williams
Orchid. Alb. iv. t. 153. .
P. 829. 4. C. CRISTATA, after Coll, Bot. t. 32 insert Gen. d Sp. Orchid. 39
(excl, Syn. Cymbid. strictum, Don) ; and add to citations, Wa ^
Cat. 1958; Gard. Chron. 1877, 597, with fig.; 1888, i. 488,
P. 8 Jig. 68; Veitch Man. Orchid. Pt. vi. 34, with fig.
:830. 6. ©, TOMENTOSA, add Veitch Man. Orchid. Pt. vi. 57, with fig.
C. MassaNGE ANA, add ,, » » 48, with fig.

es After 9. C. LENTIGINOSA, insert— i
Ree ROSSIANA, Reichb. f, in Gard. Chron. 1884, ii. 808; pseudobulbs large
sident ed, leaves elliptic-lanceolate petioled, scape very stout mE he.

teral y Upcurved 3.4.fq. closely clothed with short densely imbricate shea s,
side los P lS narrowly linear-oblong acute and very narrow petals white, lip narrow
Yellow di With rounded angles and brown sides, midlobe ovate entire revolu
Vai; CK with 2 crenate lamella from base to apex and a slender median one.

an. Pt. vi. 48 3 Rolfe in Gard. Chron. 1889, 650; Bot. Mag. t. 7172.
- Ross). b bovrif. sheaths 0. Leaves 8-12 by
in. or subpyriform ; .
28 in? “trongly 3-nerved, petiole 1-13 in. P Scape from the base of the pseudobulb,
Coriaceong 8 Along its curvature, narrowed from the stout base upwards ; sheat t
tips rounded; raceme erect, 2-8 in., slender, lax-fd. 5 bracts

194 CXLVIII, ORCHIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [Supplement, $e. '

in. long, as long as the pedicel and ovary, lanceolate, concave, caducous ; flowers
e in. "liam. S. sepals n. broad ; midlobe of lip not contracted nt the base ;
column white.—The strong decurvature of the scape is not mentioned by Reichenbach
or Veitch.

P. 831. 11. C. cogvMBosA, after Gard. Chron. 1876, insert, 88.

P. 832. 16. C. occuLTATA, insert after Zc. Plant. 2104.

P. 834. After 21. C. CYNOCHES, insert— .

21/1. C. noxersRACTATA, Hook. f. ; pseudobulbs small, leaves petioled lanceolate,
scape very long stout strict erect, raceme erect few-fld. bracts 2 in. persistent, flowers
white, sepals lanceolate acuminate, petals narrowly linear-oblong, side lobes of lip
short rounded, midlobe orbicular, disk with 3 crenate yellow ridges.

Perak, Kunstler.

Rhizome very stout ; pseudobulbs 14-2 in., obovoid, deeply grooved. Leaves 6-7
by 1-1} in. Scape lateral, 6 in., clothed with cylindric green tubular truncate
sheaths 1j-2 in. long, and with 2 leaves emerging from the upper sheath ; bracts
very narrow, at length deflexed ; flowers nearly 2 in. diam. ; midlobe of lip yellowish
towards the centre, margins at the base crisped. In many respects allied to
C. Maingayi.

22. C. sPECIOSA. Veitch (Man. Orchid. Pt. vi. 50) gives as a synonym C. sal-
monicolor, Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1883, 328, and describes a Var. albicans, with
larger flowers, sepals and petals light yellowish-green, lip 3 in. long, white, side lobes
freckled with red-brown, midlobe brown.

24. C. SCHILLERIANA, insert after the description, TENASSERIM, at Moulmein,
Lobb.

P. 835. 28. C. PANDURATA, inline 1 for 78 read 791, and add to citations,
Veitch. Man. Orchid, Pt. vi. 47, with fig. .

29. C. AsPERATA. Veitch (Man. Orchid. Pt. vi. 31) says of this, “ Widely
distributed over the Malay Archipelago, from Sumatra to New Guinea."

P. 836. 33. C. MICRANTHUM should be MICRANTHA.

P. 837. 34. C. TREUTLERI, after Ic. Plant. insert t. 2105.

36. C. NITIDA, under Syn. C. ocELLATA, add Veitch Man. Orchid. Pt. vi. 45.

37. C. srENOCHILA, after Jc. Plant. insert t. 2106.

P. 838. 38. C. carnea, after Ic. Plant. insert t. 2107.

39. C. LATA. This is said to inhabit higher regions than the Tropical, up fo
9000 ft. ( Feitch Man. Orchid. Pt. vi. 37).

4l. C. Gr After Ic. Plant. insert t. 2108.

P. 839. 42. C. BABBATA, add Veitch Man. Orchid. Pt. vi. 32, with fig.

P. 840. 47. C. anceps. After Ic. Plant. insert t. 2109.

48. C. PRECOX. In line 1, before Fol. Orchid. insert Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 43, and
to syns, add Cymbidium pracox, Smith in Rees Cyclop. Veitch (Man. Orchid. Pt. Yi.
58) distinguishes his Var. Wallichiana, by its deeper colour, more strongly-mark
veins, the midlobe of the lip toothed rather than fringed, and the shorter teeth of
the crests; he includes C. birmanie under it, and gives a figure of the flower.

49. C. HUMILIS. Veitch (Man. Orchid. Pt. vi. 55) gives an excellent figure and
description of this, .

P. 841. 50. C. MACULATA, add Var. Arthuriana, Veitch Man. Orchid. Pt. V
57 ; pseudobulbs smaller angular, flowers smaller, petals with purple lines, midlobe of
lip margined with a purple band. C. Arthuriana, Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1881,
i. 40.— Rangoon.

51. C. LAGENARTA, Veitch (Man. Orchid. Pt. vi. 57) gives a good figure of the
flowers, and adds that it was introduced by Lobb from the Khasia Hills. ;

52. C. REICRENBACHIANA, Veitch gives 6-7000 ft. as the elevation at which this
species was found.

P. 842. 53. C. HOOKERIANA. Veitch (Man. Orchid, Pt. vi. 53) cites a V4
brachygios:a, Beicht, f. in Gard. Chron. im i. 833, with a shorter ue more ope

|
I
|

Supplement, §c.] CXLVIII. ORCHIDEA. (J. D. Hooker.) 195

lip, white with a light yellow disk spotted with brown, and pale rose sepals and
petals, It is a native of Sikkim at a higher elevation than the type. C. HOOKER-
IANA is, as stated at p. 828, the only species in which the leaves persist after flowering.

55. C. ? PURPURASCENS, after Jc. Plant. insert 2109.

P. 843. C. Rossrawa, See ante p. 192.

l. O. ALBA. After Wall. mss. add Dipodium, Griff. Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 329 (not of
Notul. iii. 406).

P. 847. 11. PHOLIDOTA, for MICRANTHA, read PARVIFLORA.

l. CALANTHE TRICARINATA. Add to citations Veitch Man. Orchid. Pt. vi. 69;
Franch. & Savat. Enum. Pl. Jap. ii. 26; and after habitat add, DISTRIB. Japan.—I
have not compared the Japanese with the Indian plant.

P.849. 5. C. DIPLOXIPHION. After Jc. Plant. insert t. 2111.

P.850. 10. C. Maxnri, after Hook. f. insert Ic. Plant. t. 2113.

1l. C. Wray , » » t. 2114.

P. 851. 15. C. vgRATRIFOLIA. To the synonyms of this species add Veitch Man.
Orchid. Pt. vi. 88 and C. Petri, Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1880, 326. C. colorans,
Rf. Le 1885, 360; Williams Orchid. Alb. v. t. 218. C. australis, Hort. It is
vell figured at p. 69..

P. 852. 16. C. vesTITA. Under Bot. Zeit. for xvi. 128 read 1853, 493. Veitch
(Man. Orchid. Pt. vi. 70) enumerates several subvars. ; as gigantea, Williams
Orchid. Alb. v. t. 211, (Syns. grandiflora, Hort. Belg. 1889, 121, and rubro-
oculata, Poet. Mag. xvi. 129; Regel Gartenfl. 1873, 751); also Var. Regnieri, C.
Regnieri, Reichb. J. in Gard. Chron. 1883, 274, with its Subvars. Sanderii and
Stevenii, Williams Orchid. Alb. iii. t. 194 ; also a Var. Turneri, with the elongated
pseudobulbs of Regnieri and the flowers of rubro-oculata. .

16/1. C. RUBENS, Ridley in Gard. Chron. 1890, i. 576 ; pseudobulbs 6 by 18 in.
conical silvery, scape 9 ft. woolly, sheaths about 5, raceme 14-fld. flowers pink
smaller than in C, vestita, bracts 1 in., pedicel with ovary 2 in., sepals sub-
similar dorsal 3 in. slender lanceolate mucronate, lateral longer-mucronate, petals
shorter more spathulate, lip rose-pink darker at the base adnate to the base of the
column erect 4-lobed, side lobes oblong erect appressed to the column, midlobe
deeply divided segments rounded with an interposed tooth, spur A in. filiform curved,
Column as in C, vestita. i .

angkawi Island, north of Penang, Curtis.—I have seen no specimen.

P. 854. 27. C. ANGUSTIFOLIA. To Syn. C. phajoides add Ic. Plant. t. 1864.

P.855. After 31. C. GRACILIS, add— '

31/1. C. LONGIPES, Hook. f. ; stems tall, scape axillary very long stout, raceme
very short and flowers pubescent, lateral lobes of lip rounded crenate, midlobe
flabelliform margins undulate and crenate, disk with a membranous lamella on each
side from the base to that of the midlobe, spur 0.

SiKKIM HIMALAYA, King. . .

, „Stem as thick as the little finger. Leaves not seen. Scape 10-12 in., with 2-3

Inflated sheaths ; raceme 8-10-fld. ; flowers 2 in. diam. ; sepals 5-nerved and 3-nerved

Petals subequal, elliptic, acuminate ; lip as long as the sepals, udnate to the base of

t e column.— I have seen but one flowerinz specimen of this plant, which is leafless ; its

abit is that of C. tubifera, but the flowers are very much smaller, the sepals broader.

1883, 496. 33. C. rABROSA, for Hook. f. substitute Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron.
P. 858. 7. ARUNDINA CANTLEYI, after Ic. Plant. insert t. 2112.

Vor. VI

i E Under 1. E. virens, for ZErobrium, read Kg
"2 14. E. prcrPIENS, in line 1, for Griff. read Kurz.
P.3. 8. E. EXPLANATA ; at end of diagnosis insert Hook, Je, Plant. t. 1882.

08

196 CXLVIII. oRcHIDEE. (J.D. Hooker.) [Supplement, $c.

P. 6. After E. SQUALIDA, insert— . bee "

29/1. E. HOLOCHILA, Coli. d Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxvii. 132; Wopen
lax-fld., flowers large, bracts about equalling the ovary, scape robust, sepals 0 "v
obtuse, petals obovate-oblong tips rounded, lip orbicular entire or very obscurely
broadly 3-lobed, disk smooth. Hook. f. Ic. Plant. 2116 ined.

BURMA ; on the Shan Hills, alt. 4000 ft., Collett. ëtt. with

Leaves very young at flowering time. Scape 12 in., as thick as a swan S quill, vier
two oblong ventricose obtuse sheaths below the middle; raceme Gin. ; bracts slen ed,
membranous; pedicel with ovary $ in.; flowers 1j-2 in., broad ; sepals Gent
lateral adnate to the sides of the spur; petals 5-nerved, the outer pair branc mg
outwards ; lip about as long as the sepals, nerves very many parallel, mentum spu
like.—Only one specimen seen by me. stats

pa 25. E. SANGUINEA. Add Syn, C. rufa, Thw. Enum. 302, and to the habitats,
CE£xrow, at Hantani, alt. 3000 ft., Thwaites. a

CYRTOPERA RUFA, Thwaites. 'Yhis plant was unknown to me till I was e
living specimen that was sent by Dr. Trimen from Ceylon, and which flowered in
Royal Gardens, Kew. [t is identical with 25, Eulophia sanguinea, as figured in po"
Mag. t. 6161. The colour of the flowers varies. adl

EvLoPRIA Sp., Trimen Cat. Pl. Ceyl. 89 (C.P. 3958). Dr. Trimen has kindy
lent me the Herb. Peradeniya species of this ; it is E. graminea, L. Don

To the species of Eulophia “ UNKNOWN TO ME” add ? BLETIA BICALLOBA, P
Prodr. 30 (Limodorum bicallosum, Ham. mss.),! from Nepal, thus described by b A
—Scape 14 ft. erect terete scaly, raceme 6-8-fld., flowers pale, lip 3-lobed suvu
guiculate anfractuously articulate and saccate at the claw, lobes rounded, m! o te
largest crisped glabrous, sepals and petals elliptic mucronulate, lateral sepals adna a
to the unguiform process; pollinia 4, parallel, waxy.—Don adds that it is hardly
Bletia, under which genus he includes an Arundina, a Calanthe and a Eulophia.

P. 32. After 2. Doritis WIGHTII insert — ide

3. D. BRACEANA, Hook. f. ; scape stout elongate, znentum spur-like acute, 8!
lobes of lip ovate-lanceolate, midlobe spathulately obovate.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA, Gamble. k

Roots very many, broad, flat. Stem very short. Leaves oblong, Very dar
green. Scape much longer than the leaves, as thick as a crow-quill or thicker, very
dark green, speckled with brown; raceme 6-10-fld.; bracts minute, triangu ar;
peduncle with ovary $-1 in., decurved ; flowers 1 in, diam. ; sepals obovate-obloné:
obtuse, and narrower petals fleshy yellow with pinkish midrib ; lip membrani,
violet-purple, tips of the forked appendage straight. Column very large, fles de
pollinia 4 subglobose.—Described from a drawing and notes by Mr. Brace. ‘ble
nearer to D. tenialis than to Wightiana, differing in the many-fid. long remark? r-
stout scape and much larger flowers with yellow sepals and petals and a longer sp
like mentum.

P. 40. After 26. SARCOCHILUS MERGUENSIS, insert—

26/1. S. (Fornicaria) PUGIONIFOLIA, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. ined, ; stemless, peduncle
about equalling the few elongate-subulate recurved deeply channelled leaves,
suberect, lip sessile on the foot of the column saccate truncately 3-lobed ciliate.

CEYLON; at Varuniya, in the N. Central Province, Trimen. ith 2

Leaves 2-3 by à in. at the thickest part, fleshy, more than semi-terete W! te-
rounded back and very deep channel in front. Peduncle glabrous; bracts on ke
oblong, obtuse, Flowers } in. diam., pale primrose ; lip with a few purplish long
ings; sepals ovate-oblong obtuse, lateral gibbous on the lower margin ; petals °
obtuse ; lip ciliate on the lobes and disk towards the broad 3-lobed apex, side m t
rounded, midlobe not longer orbicular; a small caruncle at the base of the midlo ,
column short, white.—I have to thank Dr. Trimen for a specimen and a drawing:

P. AO. On last line of description of SancocHILUs FILIFORMIS, for S. Trimem dis-
S. rering (vhi , [ond proposed the former name for the latter plant berg e
covering (whilst the description was passi it was
viridi erum. Thw. p passing through the press) that

P. 44. To habitats of 3. Æ, cYLINDRACEUM, add CEYLON.

T T ERN

Supplement, $c.] cxivim. oRcHIDEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 197

P. 55. Forl. S. GEMINATUM read GEMMATUM.

, P. 60, Under the citations for 20, S. CALCEOLARE; in line 2, for Bot. Reg. 1883,
Misc. 130, read 1838, Misc. 75.

H s 62, To syns. of 29. S. LONGIFOLIUM add JErides rigidum, Smith in Rees.
yelop.

30. S. WIGHTIANUM, under the syns. place Thwaites Enum. 303. after Lindl.
Fol. Orchid, 2.

P.88. 3. G. JAVANICA, add to habitats, CEYLON, on roots of coffee trees in the
Central Province, Thwaites.

P.107. 1. Z. SULCATA, add to syns. Orchis strateumatica, Linn. Sp. Pl. 908.
pa 16. 5. H. sroncara, add to syns. Rhamphidia elongata, Thwaites Enum,

3; and to habitats, Ceyton, alt. 4000 ft., Thwaites.

P.Ml. 30. Habenaria longecalcarata. Two species are confounded here, having

n mixed up in Wight’s descriptions, Icones and Herbarium; they are— :

í 30. H. LoNGEcALCARATA, A. Rich. (Wight Ic. t. 925, Dalz. & Gibs. Le.) with
aw (2-3) very large flowers, large cucullate sheathing bracts much shorter than the
"ng-pedicelled ovary, lip twice as long as the sepals.

30/1. H. DECIPIENS, Wight Ic. vol. v. pt. i. p. 14, with several (4-8) smaller flowers,
NN ort pedicels, lanceolate bracts nearly as long as the ovary, lip rather longer than
S Spas H. montana, Wight (not of A. Rich.) Ic. t. 827, and 1714 the upper
adt and the left hand figures only.— This much resembles H. longicornu Lindl.
oth taa, A. Rich.) but bas a longer lip and much longer spur. Wight has given it

Dames in his Herbarium, and says there that it is intermediate between

Sa and longecalcarata.

EX 48. H. CHLORINA, insert Par. j^ before Reichb. f. H
Bee a i a H. CRASSIFOLIA, add to syns, P. canarensis, Lindl, Plant. Hohenack.
aby 165. 106. H. pxoreiENs. This name being confirmed for Wight’s plant (see

e) must be replaced by H. GRIFFITHII

I INDIAN ORCHIDEJE OF UNDETERMINED AFFINITY.
the Bbove revision of th i rchids 1 have doubtless overlooked some
Species that have been published jn dien Orchi of the multitude of works I have
DECK, and in others that have escaped my notice; and for which I must
Sby ulgence. There are further some published ones, of which from the incomplete-
Pda „the descriptions in respect especially of the pollinia, I have been unable to
gend ` the genera. The chief of these are Koenig Indian species, referred to
in the Gn p (a genus now known to be peculiar to the New World,) and published
ta th Part (p, 43 et seq.) of Retz’s Observationes (in 1791). Of these few have
dien up by subsequent authors. They are for the most part Peninsular and
isc) all communicated by Heyne, who included a few Malaccan species from
that presPondents, The descriptions are so full aud good in all but the pollinia, €
Pi ile tanists may in time recognize many of them. It is unfortunate tha

€ should not have identified any of them with Rheede’s plates.

Pidendrum bj : i. 54 — Limodorum bidentatum,
identatum, Ken. in Retz. Obs. Pt. vi. 54 Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 124.

» calceolaria ` » » 45 Mal

» alceolari MP CR

^ cle corr terrestre — ,, ” B0 = ? Saccolabium clavatum,

» » » Lindl. Gen. & Sp. 223.

, c = Sarcochilus complana-

» omplanatum ,, » » 50 tus, Hook. f. ante p. 41.

D Flabellum Veneris » 97 i

» Fl : . » — Renanthera Arachnites,
or zris v. Saaronicum ,, » 58 ex. Lindl. Gen. 4 8p. 217.

» Flos cris ? 64

» » »

Pee ee

198 CXLVIII ORCHIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.)

Epidendrum hexandrum, Kon. in Re'z. Obs, Pt. vi. 45 — Appendicula Rene,

H. f. ante p. 8
» liliiflorum » » » 61- Limodorum liliiflorum,
Willd.
» longiflorum ,, » » 55
» lycopodioides ,, » » 55 Malacca, on Mangostin
bark.
» nudum » » „ 52
39 ophrydis 39 33 » 46 |
» orchideum — ,, » » 48 = ? Ceratochilus orchideus,
ex. Lindl. Gen. & Sp.
Orchid. 232.
» plantaginifolium » » 60 Malacca, near Tsing, on
top branches of loftiest
trees. .
» . pusillum » » , 49 = Sarcochilus Wightii, H.
f.; ante p. 37.
” sessile. » » » 60= Bulbophyllum clandes-
tium, Z. antev. p. 793.
» spathulatum ,, » », 43 = Vanda spathulata, Spr.
ante p. 50.
” subulatum — ,, » » bl=? Ærides cylindricum,
! L., ez. Lindl. Gen. 4
"n Sp. 240.
n Supplex minima » » 47 = Dendrobium atropur-.
pureum, Miq. ante Y.
p. 724. .
? tomentosum ,, » » 99 = Eria tomentosa, Lindl,

. ante v. p. 803.
» _Variegatum — ,, » » 44
Serapias Epidendrza » » „» 65 - Eulophia virens, Bl.

ante p. 1.
Order CXLIX. SCITAMINEIE. (By J.G. Baker, F.R.S.)

Herbs, often large, rarely with a woody caudex. Leaves cauline oF
radical, usually membranous, closely pinnately nerved from a midrib.
Flowers bracteate and often bracteolate, solitary or spicate, rarely panicu-
late, irregular, hermaphrodite (except Musa). Calye superior; sepals free
and imbricate, or connate into an entire toothed or spathaceous tube.
Corolla-tube long or short, free or adnate to the petaloid staminodes ; lim
3-partite, segments free or connate. Stamens either 5 subequal with a 6th
imperfect, or one perfect with the rest forming petaloid staminodes ; anthers
linear, 2-celled, or of one cell on the margin of a petaloid connective. Ovary
3-, rarely l- or 2-celled; style usually slender, with 2 very short stylodes
crowning the ovary ; stigma entire or subentire ; ovules many, rarely few,
axile, rarely parietal, anatropous. Fruit usually crowned with the remains
of the perianth, loculicidally 3-valved, or fleshy or membranous and in s

iscent. Seeds various, albumen flowery ; — a abou
40, species 4-500, chiefly tropical. y; embryo small. Gener

The Traveller’s tree, Rarenala madagascariensis, Sonnerat (Urania speciost,
Wall. Cat. 5765), is frequently plan i ar Si much
the leaves of a GA but they eegend near Singapore. Ti "

Tribe I. Zingiberese. Calyx tubular or Stamen 1;
anther 2-celled; lateral staminodes filiform or lad, er small, or 0

Style slender, embraced below the stigma by the anther. Embryo centra!
straight, t \

CXLIX. SCITAMINEZ. (J. G. Baker.) 199

* Ovary 1-celled ; placentas 3, parietal.

l Mast, Scape leafless; corolla-tube long; lateral staminodes
filiform or spathulate, in the middle of the elongate filament, opposite,
spreading. .

2. GLOBBA. Stem leafy; corolla-tube long; lateral staminodes petal-
like; filament slender. .

3. Hemrorcuis. Corolla-tube short; lateral staminodes petal.like;
filament short.

** Ovary 3-celled ; placentas axile.

T Lateral staminodes broad.

§ Connective spurred at the base. l

4. Roscoza, Flowering stem leafy ; bracts 1-fld. ; filament long ; capsule
subdehiscent.—F lowers purple or white.

5. CAUTLEYA. Flowering stem leafy; bracts l-fld.; filament long;
capsule dehiscent with recurved valves.—Flowers yellow. lat eral.fd

6. Curcuma. iz m leafy or not; bracts cucullate, several-ld.,
orming a cone like oka tenon petaloid ; capsule subdehiscent.

H Connective very broad or crested, not spurred.

7. GAsrROCHILUS. Flowering stem short or erect; filament short;
connective broad not crested. hort:

8. KEMPFERIA. Flowering stem leafy or not; filament very short;
connective crested, :cate :
` 9. Hrronenta, Flowering stem leafy; filament long, complicate;
“onnective broad not crested.— Inflor. as in Curcuma.

§§§ Connective very narrow, neither spurred nor crested. ,
10. Hepycarum. Flowering stem leafy ; filament long, slen mh "
tt Lateral staminodes small or 0, rarely narrow and adnate to the lip.

§ Flowers in a dense-fld. cone-like spike.

: hort;

ll. Amomum. Flowering scapes usually leafless; filament s `

vim cells diverging above; connective dilated crested or 2-lobed, rarely
mple,

12. ZINGIRER. Spikes terminating leafy stems or leafless scapes;
flament short, anther-cells porallel, connective usually produced into a
0ng appendage. ü ,

13. Costus. Spikes terminating leafy stems or leafless scapes; Damen

Petaloig, anther adnate to its middle, cells parallel.

IS Flowers in lar-fld. spikes or panicles.

baé Cyrnostiema. Scape leafless, panicle loosely flowering from the
8e Upwards ; filament short, connective with a 3-lobed Sp? the base
15, ELerrarra S leafl anicle loosely flowering from the

*pwards ; filament very short ; anther.cells parallel, connective eli fle

hone ` Exerrarrorsis, Scape leafless; spike simple; bracts small ; fa-
H short, anther petaloid.

hater Scarnocntamys, Scape leafless; spike simple; bracts large, per-

; filament short, connective petaloid.

200 CXLIX. SCITAMINEX. (J. G. Baker.)

18. Aust, Spike or panicle terminating a tall leafy stem ; filament
long, connective shorter than the anther or longer and dilated.

19. RuvNcaxTHUs. Spike terminating a leafy stem ; filament long,
connective not dilated.

Tribe II. Maranteve. Calyx of free sepals, rarely loosely cohering.
Stamen 1; anther l-celled, laterally adnate to a lobe of the perianth ;
staminodes petaloid, connate into a 5-6-lobed inner perianth, of which 1 or
2 lobes are lateral, 1 (the lip) anticous; of the 2 or 3 dorsal one or two are
hooded and another bears the anther. Ovary 1-3-celled, cells 1-ovuled;
style excentric incurved or involute. Embryo curved.

20. CLINOGYNE. Stem leafy with terminal panicled: scattered flowers;
panicle with convolute deciduous sheaths at the forks; bracts deciduous.

21. Purynium. Stem with one broad leaf, and a lateral head or spike
of flowers, or spike radical ; bracts and bracteoles persistent.

Tribe III. Cannese. Sepals free. Stamen 1; anther 1-celled,
adnate to lateral petaloid filament; staminodes 4. Ovary 3-celled, ce
many-ovuled; style flattened; stigma terminal. Embryo straight.

22. Canna.

Tribe IV. Museee. Sepals free or connate in a split spathe. Stamens

5, free; anthers linear, 2-celled ; staminode 1 or 0. Style central; stigma
2-3-fid. Embryo short. '

23. Musa. Stem subarboreous, stout, simple; flowers in a stout
terminal spike; calyx tube short.

24. Low, Stem slender, dichotomously branched; flowers clustered
&t the base of a petiole; calyx tube very long.

l MANTISIA, Sins.

Rhizome short, creeping; leafy stem short. Scape short, sheathed
below. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, caudate. Panicle laxly-fld. ; bracts 2
the forks membranous, coloured. Calyx short, campanulate, obtusely
lobed. Corolla-tube slender, lobes subequal, ovate; dorsal erect, concave
Lateral staminodes at or below the middle of the exserted incurved la-
ment, slender, spathulate ; lip deflexed, 2-fid ; filament long, curved ; anther
cells linear-oblong, broadly winged. Ovary l-celled; ovules 3, parieta i
style filiform, placed iu a groove of the filament; stigma turbinate.

Cupsule globose, dehiscing at the apex. Seeds many, minute, oblong-—
Species the following.

1. M. saltatoria, Sims in Bot. Mag. t. 1320, staminodes linear
subulate. Horan. Prodr. 19. Globba saltatoria, Rose. Seitam. t. 112. 9:
purpurea, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 615. G. radicalis, Roxb, in Asiat. Res. x1. 395;
Corom. Pl. t. 230. G. subulata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 2; Fl. Ind. i. 81.

CHITTAGONG, Roxburgh, Lister. i

Rootstock perennial. Stems annual, 1-2 ft. Leaves 4-6 in. ; sheath 1-2 in. ; brace
leaves sheathing, oblong. Panicle lax, 3-6 in.; branches simple, usually short ar
ascending ; flowers few, crowded towards the tips of the branches; bracts ovate, Kai:
l-iin., lower flowerless. Calyx campanulate, lilac, } in.; lobes suborbicular. Coro
tube twice as long as the calyx; segments ovate, lilae,} in., central rather Kë
and clasping the filament. Staminodes j in.; lip yellow, cuneate, deeply et,
wings of anther suborbicular. Capsule purple, the size of a small cherry.

Mantisia.] CXLIX. SCITAMINEX. (J. G. Baker.) 201

2. M. spathulata, Schult. Mant. i. 49; staminodes with a narrow
claw and flattened petaloid blade. Horan. Prodr.19. Globba spathulata.
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 2; Fl. Ind. i. 83.

Sirnrr, Roxburgh; CRiTTAGONG, Lister.
Habit and foliage of M. saltatoria, but panicle larger, branches more numerous,
' bracts oblong, uppermost about as long as the calyx, corolla-segments narrower,

A less deeply bifid, staminodes much shorter, and placed lower down on the
ament,

2. GLOBBA, Linn.

Rhizome short, creeping; stem erect. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate.
ers 1n terminal panicles, rarely spikes; bracts usually deciduous, buds
often replaced by bulbils. Calyx funnel-shaped, 3-lobed. Corolla-tube
longer than the calyx ; lobes ovate, subequal. Lateral staminodes petaloid,
contiguous to the corolla-segments; lip deflexed; filament with 2 dorsal
appendages, long, ineurved; anther oblong, connective simple, winged or
spurred, produced beyond the cells. Ovary 1-celled ; placentas 3, parietal ;
style filiform, placed in a groove of the filament; stigma turbinate. Cap-
globose, finally dehiscent. Seeds small, ovoid; aril small, white,
cerate.—Species about 25, Indian, Chinese, and Malayan.

Scr, I. Aplanthera, Horan. Anther neither winged nor spurred.
* Leaves glabrous beneath (or slightly pubescent in G. racemosa).

l. G. racemosa, Smith Exot. Bot. ii. 115 t. 117; leaves slightly hairy

or quite glabrous beneath, panicle long narrow, lower branches 2-3-fld. at

e tip, bulbils 0, bracts small deeiduous, corolla-segments and staminodes

uo equal in length, lip longer shortly bifid, capsule smooth. G. orixensis,
all. Cat. 6535 B, G, H., not of Roxb.

CENTRAL and Eastern HIMALAYA, ascending to 6000-7000 feet in Kumaon.
Bee stems 14-2 ft. Leaves 6-9 in., oblong or oblong-lanceolate, rw
rachis ole slightly hairy beneath on the ribs towards the base. Panicle n i d ;
short] glabrous; branch-bracts and flower-bracts caducous. Calyx X in., yellowish,

‘lobed. Corolla bright yellow; tube 2-3 times the length of the calyx; seg-
~The $ Mm., reflexed ; filament 2-3 times the length of the segments. Capsule jin.
© name racemosa is a misleading one.

Pry G. orixensis, Roxb. in Asiat. Res. xi. 358; Hort. Beng. 2; Corom.
low 229; FI, Ind. i. 78; leaves glabrous beneath, panicle long narrow,

me ranches 2-3-fld. at the tip, bulbils 0, bracts small deciduous, corolla-
Prodr, 9, a minodes and lip equal in length, capsule warted. Horan.

Breu H

Nonrgny Ct

IMALAYA, at a low level, Hook. f. et Thoms. (Herb. Ind. Or. No. 15).
ROARS, Roxburgh. .
corolla ty allied to G. racemosa, but flowers smaller, deep orange, with a shorter

ube; lip spotted with red-brown at the throat ; capsules smaller.

d G Cl ‘cle 1 narrow
l ` "arkei, Baker; leaves glabrous beneath, panicle long n ,
Mi branches 2-3-fd. at the tip, bulbils many, bracts small degidnons,
leben ements and staminodes ovate equal in length, lip longer shortly
s » Capsule smooth,
Be Zus ; alt, 3000-7500 ft. (Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. § T., No.9); Knasts
v an^ alt, 3000-5700 ft. ; MuxNiPORE, Watt. .
"id ond to G. racemosa, but racemes longer and lazot, "e of s
C i A i 3
Yellow, tinged with brown” bulbils, calyx less corolline, usually

202 CXLIX. SCITAMINEZ, (J. G. Baker.) [ Globba.

4. G. Waliichii, Baker; leaves small glabrous beneath, panicle very
long lax-fld. branches 1-2-fld., bracts small deciduous, bulbils few or
corolla-segments ovate, staminodes lanceolate rather longer, lip sma

laced a little above the segments, capsule small smooth. G. pendula,
Wall. Cat, 6533, not of Roxb.

Penang, Wallich, Curtis. .

Much weaker in habit than other species of the section. Leaves 3-4 in., caudate,
pale beneath. Panicle sometimes 1 ft, ; rachis and slender patent branches glabro
Calyz green, Ae in. Corolla pale yellow; tube 2-3 times the length of the cm
segments reflexed, $ in., upper concave ; filament yellow, 3 in., bearing the small lipa
short distance above its base. Capsule } in. diam,

** Leaves more or less pubescent beneath.

5. G. Hookeri, Clarke mss. ; leaves very hairy on the midrib beneath,
panicle long narrow, lower branches 2-3-fld. at the tip, bulbils sometimes
present, bracts small deciduous, corolla-segments and staminodes ovate an
equal in length, lip longer shortly bifid, capsule smooth.

Nepat, Wallich; Sixxim HIMAIAYA, alt. 3000-5000 ft., J. D. H. (Herb. Ind. Or.
No. 10). Naca Hiris, alt. 4500 ft., Clarke.

Doubtfully distinct from G. racemosa, but more robust and floriferous, with
broader leaves, Flowers bright yellow ; lip not spotted.

6. G. ophioglossa, Wight Ic. t. 2002; leaves finely pubescent
beneath, panicle narrow, lower branches 4—6-fld., bracts small deciduous,
lower nodes with a few bulbils, corolla-segments ovate, staminodes longet
lanceolate, lip longer deeply bifid, capsule smooth. Horan. Prodr. 19. €
orixensis, Wall. Cat. 6535 A, C, D, Í; not of Roxb. Alpinia? Missionis,
Wall. Cat. 6580.

TRAVANCORE Heyne; Anamallay hills, &c., Wight, Jerdon. COCHIN, Gamble.
BEHAR, on Parasnath, alt, 2500 ft., Vicary, Clarke. lets

Leaf conspicuously caudate, 6-9 in. Panicle 4-6 in., rachis and branchle
glabrous; flowers not crowded at their tips; bulbils ovoid, deflexed. Calyx $ We
broadly funnel-shaped, pale green; teeth broad, ovate. Corolla pale yellow ; tube :
times the length of the calyx; segments j in., ovate; lip twice the length of t

segments, lobes longer and narrower than in others of the section. Capsule 3 in.
globose.

7. G. multiflora, Wall. Cat. 6537 A; leaves pubescent beneath,
panicle long narrow, lower branches 4—6-fld., bracts small deciduous, lowe
nodes with bulbils, segments of corolla and staminodes ovate and equa iL
length, lip not longer shortly bifid, capsule smooth. G. velutina, Wall.
in Voigt Hort. Sub. Calc. 573 (name only).

SIKKIM HIMALAYA, ASSAM, SILHET, the Kaasia Hiris, and MUNNIPORE-

Leares conspicuously caudate, }-1 ft. Panicle 4-1 ft., rachis and branchlets very
hairy; branchlets more crowded than in the foregoing species, and flowers Do,
crowded at their tips. Calyx } in. Corolla-tube 3 times the length of the caly*?
segments and lip } in. ; filament J in.; anther } in., sometimes obscurely margined.

8. G. substrigosa, King mss; leaves very pubescent on both
surfaces, panicle lax cernuous, branches few-fid., bulbils 0, bracts large
foliaceous persistent, corolla-segments ovate, capsule pubescent.

TENASSERIM, Gallatly. A

Whole plant not more than 6-8 in. Leaves few, oblong-caudate, the largest 3 ts
in. Panicle 14-2 in. ; branches few, short, lower spreading or reflexed ;

oblanceolate-oblong, pubescent. Calyx-tube i in. Corolla yellow, gland-dotted.
Capsule blackish, the size of a pea.

9. G. Andersoni, Clarke, mss.; leaves slightly pubescent beneatb;

Globba. | OXLIX. SOITAMINEH. (J. G. Baker.) 203

panicle lax, flowers crowded at the tips of the branches surrounded by a
whorl of large bracts, corolla-segments and staminodes equal in length,
lip longer deen) bifid, capsule warted.

ps Green alt- 1500-2500 ft. (Hk. fil. § Thoms. Herb. Ind. Or. 12),
Clarke, Gamble, King. .

Habit and leaves of G. racemosa. Leaves sometimes 1 ft., caudate. Panicle 3-4
in., erect or spreading, rachis very hairy, branchlets short, spreading ; bracts 4 in.,
dark, ovate, membranous, Calyx green, tubular. Corolla bright yellow; tube 2-3
times the length of the calyx; segments } in. ; filament nearly 1 in.

. 10. G. arracanensis, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xxxix, pt.
1. 83; leaves slightly pubescent beneath, panicle short, lowers crowded at
the tips of the short branches surrounded by a whorl of large bracts,
corolla-segments ovate lilac, lip deeply bifid, capsule smooth.

ARRACAN ; forests of the low sandstone hills, Kurz. . .

Habit of G, racemosa, Leaves 6-9 in., caudate. Panicle 3-4 in., subsessile, rath.r
"Preading, bracts 4 in., much imbricate, broadly ovate, obtuse, membranous, lilac.
alya} in, Corolla-tube short, whitish; lip yellow or tinged with, lilac, segments
obovate-oblong ; filament long, lilac.

Secr. II. Careyella, Horan. Anther with a narrow entire border.

ll. G. sessiliflora, Sims in Bot. Mag. t. 1428; raceme narrow or
subspicate, bulbils , many on lower nodes, corolla-segments ovate,
staminodes longer lanceolate, lip long deeply bifid. Horan. Prodr. 19.

. Üareyana, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 2; Fl. Ind. i. 80; Rosc. Scit. t. 110;
- Bot. Cat. t. 691; Wall Cat. 6594; Horan. Prodr.19. G. orixensis,
Vall. Cat. 6535 F, Scitaminea Finlaysoniana, Wall. Cat. 6623.

Prev, Car Ee.

Leofy stem iu ft. Leaves 6 in., oblong, acuminate, pale and finely pubescent
Dat aceme short, erect or drooping; upper half bearing flowers on the rachis
el Short branches; lower half with crowded bulbils sessile in the axils of small
Pis scariose spreading or ascending bracts. Calyx j-] in., narrowly funnel-shaped:

AC Yellow; tube 2-3 times the length of the calyx; segments j in.; filamen
yelow, in. ; anther cuspidate, margin very narrow. Capsule globose, warted, the
Size of a large pea. ?

12, floribunda, Bai: icle 1 lax, branches many-fid.,
Jan er; panicle long lax, .
tabi 0, staminodes scarcely longer than corolla-segments, lip long not

Maray PEnin

abit of SULA; Johore, King.

; 1 ft.

G. multi ora, 2 ft. high. Leaves oblong, caudate, nearly ,
scendi nice eret 6-8 in. ; rachis very hairy; branches 1-1} in., my,
ading, 6-8-fld.; bracts small, deciduous. Calyx Ae in. Corolla pale ye te d
ante oblong, A in.; anther narrowly margined at the sides and base; lip inserte

above the base of the filament. Ovary glabrous. l
yu uliginosa, Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 613? panicle long

i laced
by ei 28rrow, lower branches 1-2-üd. upper flowers sometimes rep
li ge bils, corolla-segments and staminodes ovate and equal in length,
a. G. elongata, King mss.

Sei i i istri —DIstTRIB.
Malay isles” King. Matacca, Cuming, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 5652), &e.—D1s
on very weak, Leaves small, membranous. Panicle sometimes 6-9 in. ; bracts

ent, gon, Calyz funnel-shaped, jg in. Corolla yellow ; tube Jd in. ;

argined 1D. ; filament 3 in, ; lip placed a little above its base; ant her Se e

Capsule smooth.— 1 doubt whether: Bentham’s Sect. Careyel/a shou

204 CXLIX. SCITAMINER. (J. G. Baker.) [ Globba,

separated from Aplanthera. Neither Miquel’s description, nor his type specimen,
indicate the structure of the anther in the Malay G. uliginosa.

Sect. III. Ceratanthera, Lestib. (gen.) Anther with a membranous
spur from the base or side of each cell.

14. G. Kingii, Baker; panicle narrow subspicate, bracts small deci-
duous, bulbils 0, corolla-segments oblong, staminodes linear-oblong, lip
small inserted above the base of the filament.

SINGAPORE, King.

Leafy stem a foot long. Leares oblong-caudate, subglabrous, 3-4 in. long.
Peduncle erect, longer than the panicle ; panicle very lax, erect, 4-5 in. long ; branches
very short, 1-2-fld. Calyx à in. long. Corolla-segments orange-yellow, 4 in. long.
Spurs as long as the anther-cells. Ovary glabrous.

15. G. stenothyrsa, Baker; panicle erect subspicate, lower nodes
bearing bulbils, bracts deciduous, corolla-segmeuts oblong, sta minodes
linear-oblong, lip small emarginate inserted above the base of the

ament.

TENASSERIM ; Moulmein, Parish.

Stem 1 ft. or more. Leaves 6-8 in., oblong, caudate. Panicle peduncled, 8- 9
in., lower half with small sessile bulbils in the axils of small bracts; flowering
branches short, ascending, 1-2-tld. Calye funnel-shaped, Ae in. Corolla bright
yellow, tube ł in., segments 3 in. ; staminodes scarcely longer; filament nearly lin.;
spurs membranous, as long as the anther-cells.

Var, P Cumingii ; bulbils 0, anther spur shorter. Malacca, Cuming (No. 2370.)

16. G. pallidifiora, Baker; panicle lax erect, branches few-fid,
bulbils O, bracts small deciduous, staminodes longer than the whitis
corolla-segments, lip inserted above the base of the filament.

MALAY PENINSULA; Johore, King, 716, 717. 93

Stem 1} ft. Leares 8-9 in., oblong, caudate, pubescent beneath. Panicle 2
in. ; peduncle short ; branches less than 1 in., ascending or spreading, 2—3-fld. tow
the tip. Calyx J; in. Corolla-segments suborbicular, 44, in., tube 4 in. 5 filament
l in. ; lip with a spreading base; anther spurs subulate. Ovary glabrous.

17. G. bracteolata, Wall. ex Voigt Hort. Sub. Cale. 573 (name only)
panicle short dense drooping, bracts oblong or obovate yellow subpersister
bulbils 0, corolla-segments oblong, staminodes longer linear-o long, lip
small emarginate. G. expansa, Wall. Cat. 6536 D.

E Tavoy, Wallich; TENASSERIM, Griffith, Helfer; UPPER BURMA, up to 4000 ft.

ing.

Stem 3-1 ft. Léaves oblong, acuminate, 3-4 in., tinged with purple beneath 5
sheaths broader than in the other species. Panicle oblong, 3-4 in, ; lower branches
spreading, about 1 in., 3-4-fid. ; branch-bracts obovate; flower-bracts oblong, ii
Calyx funnel-shaped, 4; in. Corolla bright yellow ; tube 1 in.; segments reflexed,
à in.; lip with a red spot at the throat; filament yellow, 4-2 in. ; anther-spurs larg?
curved. Ovary smooth,

18. G. subscaposa, Coll. et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 135;
panicle sparse erect, bracts small deciduous, bulbils 0, corolla segments
oblong, staminodes longer lanceolate, lip long deeply bifid inserted at the
base of the filament.

UPPER Burma; Shan hills, 4000-5000 ft., Collett.

Stem including panicle not above 1 ft. Produced leaves few and small. Racer?
short, lax; lower branches 1 in., spreading, 3-4-fld. Calya funnel-shaped, ts ™

Globla.] OXLIX. SCITAMINEX. (J. G. Baker.) 205

Corolla greenish-yellow ; segments 2 in. ; lip pale yellow, 3 in.; filament above 3 in. ;
anther-spurs from the sides of the cells.

19. G. pendula, Roxb. in Asiat. Res. xi. 359 ; Fl. Ind. i. 79 ; Coromand.
Pl. t. 228; panicle lax drooping, bracts deciduous, bulbils rarely produced,
corolla-segments oblong, staminodes rather longer, lip small attached
aon base of the filament. Horan. Prodr. 20. G. multiflora, Wall.

af. 6537 B.

Tavor, TENASSERIM and PENANG, Rogburgh, Ee . .
em 1-2 ft. Leaves 5-6 in, oblong, acuminate. Racemes sometimes 1 ft. ;
lower branches spreading, 2-3-fld.; bracts greenish, lanceolate or ovate, not longer
n the buds, Calya funnel-shaped, jg in. Corolla greenish-yellow ; tube 3 times
the length of the calyx; segments i in. Staminodes linear-oblong ; lip not longer
than the Corolla-segments ; anther oblong, spurs linear-subulate, longer than the
s Ovary globose, smooth.—I doubt the specific distinctness of the Javan G.
maculata, Blume, Enum. i. 63.

" Secr, IV, Marantella, Horan. Anther winged on each side by a
iid quadrate membranous process,

KR cernua, Baker; panicle very lax few-fld. cernuous, bracts
minute deciduous, bulbils 0, staminodes longer than the corolla-seg-
ech Placed a little above the base of the filament, anther-wings

ing.

MALAY PENINSULA Gopi "- ,
è ; Goping, King’s Collector, 757.
Pe 9-12 in. Leaves oblong, caudate, 2-3 in, long, finely pubescent beneath.
gel in.; branches ascending, 1-2-fld. Calyx Pz in. Corolla pale

Mum) tegmenta oblong, 2 in. ; lip with two spreading lobes at the base. Ovary

1l. €. pauciflora, King mss.; panicle very lax few-fld., bracts
i h (3 y Jor Haes
be deciduous, bulbils 0, Corolla segments oblong, staminodes not
aW han the corolla-segments, lip placed a little above the segments,
VE spreading.
NDAMAN Istanps, King’s Collector, 376.
Ac Plant 4-1 ft, ' Leaves oblong, caudate, 2-3 in., minutely pubescent beneath,
tin, Co ort, erect; lower branches 1 in., ascending, 1-2-fld. Calyx glabrous,
Frin pale yellow ; segments } in. Capsule glabrous.

x G. versicolor, Smith Erot. Bot. t. 117 A, B, C; panicle broad

longer Ig wats small deciduous, corolla-segments oblong, Slam ar es

Win qeg c late, lip small placed a little above the segments, anther-

mi Zei Horan. Prodr, 90. G. Hura, Roch, im Asiat. Res. xi.

Koen 7 d.i 79. G. expansa, Wall. Cat. 6536. Hura siamensium,
92 Retz. Obs iii, 49. '

P tuyo PENINSULA, Roxburgh. From Prau to SINGAPORE, Rowburgh, and
vay UTR ANDAMANS, Kurz, . te and
branches SÄI Leaves 4-8 in., oblong, caudate. Panicle 3-6 in. ; rachis an
iin, C very slender, lower 2-3 in., flowering only in the upper half. Calyx Phe
Se hotla yellow or tinged with lilac; tube } in. ; segments half as long as th e
Masi, Cnt Yellow, i-i in.; anther-wings 1, deeply bifid, yellow, quadrate,
` Capsule smooth, 4 in.

b x leafy per-
stent, low ""AChycarpa, Baker; panicle lax, bracts small leafy
Sa with solitary bulbils in P heir axils, staminodes longer taan
"un Ge lip placed at the base of the filamen ?

206 CXLIX. SCITAMINEX. (J. G. Baker.) [ Globba.

Perak, alt. 2-3000 ft., King’s Collector, 2414.

Stem 1 ft. Leaves about 5, oblong-caudate, 4—5 in., finely pubescent beneath.
Panicle } ft.; main bracts 1-j in.; lower 4-5 bulbilliferous; branches spreading,
5-6-fld. Calyx à in. Corolla segments pale yellow; staminodes j in. Ovary
rugose.— Very near G. Schomburgkii, Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 6298, of Siam.

24. G. bulbifera, Rozb. in Asiat. Res. xi. 358; Fl. Ind. i. 78; spike
lax, bracts ovate ascending persistent, lower nodes bearing bulbils, corolla-
segments ovate, staminodes rather longer oblong, lip small deeply bifid,
anther-wings spreading. Thw. Enum. 315. G. marantina, Wall. Cat.
6532; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 272; Blume Enum. i. 62. G. bracteata,
Herb. Heyne. G. bracteosa, Horan. Prodr. 20. G. marantinoides, Wight

le. sub t. 2001. G. strobilifera, Zoll. & Moritz. Syst. Verz. 84; Mig. FI
Ind. Bat. iii. 591.

EASTERN HIMALAYA and TROPICAL INDIA; MALABAR, the Maray PENINSULA
and CEYLON.— DISTRIB. Malay Islands, Timor. à
Stem not so stout as in G. marantina; leaves smaller and sheaths not so broad.
Spike 3-4 ìn. ; bracts j-l in., green, not touching one another, many of the Mn
enclosing ovoid bulbils. Flower and stamens as in G. marantina; in both the

quadrate yellow deeply bifid anther-wings spread horizontally from the sides of the
cells.

25. G. marantina, Linn. Mant. ii. 170; spike dense, bracts imbricate
persistent, lower nodes bulbilliferous, staminodes oblong rather longer
than the corolla-segments, lip small deeply bifid, anther-wings spreading.
Rose. in Trans. Linn. Soc. viii. 356; Scit. t. 111; Smith Exot. Bot. ii. 8%
t. 103; Roxb. in Asiat. Res. xi. 358; Fl. Ind. i. 77; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. n
591. Colebrookia bulbifera, Roxb. in Donn Hort. Cant. edit. 1.

Kaasia Hrs, Griffith.—DisTRIB. Malay Islands, Philippines. . het

Stem 1 ft. Leaves 5-6 in., oblong, acuminate, sheaths broader than in the othe
species. Spike oblong, strobiliform, 14-2 in.; bracts }-1 in. broad, ovate, anes
bulbils ovoid. Calyx short, green, teeth ovate. Corolla yellow; tube 3 times, in
length of the calyx ; segments A in. ; lip as long as the segments; filament iim
Ovary smooth.

SPECIES IMPERFECTLY KNOWN. (Anthers not seen.)

26. G. CANARENSIS, Baker; leaves small thin caudate, panicle narrow erect Iis
few- and lax-fld., most of the flowers replaced by long narrow acuminate bu "
calyx green narrowly funnel-shaped 3 in., corolla-tube more than twice as long
the calyx, corolla-segments oblong $ in.— Canara, Law.

27. G. PLATYSTACHYA, Baker ; leaves large and thin, panicle short Jax and ul
broad, lower branches 2-4 in. ending in a bulbil and bearing numerous close #0¥ e
shortly pedicelled towards the end each subtended by a small persistent oes
acutely-keeled bract, calyx green broadly funnel-shaped Ae in., corolla-tube e
the length of the calyx, segments oblong yellow à-4 in.— Canara, Law.

Thoms. Herb. Ind. Or. 14.)

3. REMIORCHIS, Kurz.

Rhizome stout, creeping. Leafy stem distinct from the flowering: Ki
duced after it. Flowers spicate; bracts membranous, deciduous. ` Ca A l
short, deeply 3-lobed. Corolla-tube shorter than the calyx, 3-lobed, late?
lobes oblong, midlobe rather longer, ovate. Lateral staminodes like o:
corolla-lobes, obovate with a short basal spur; lip orbicular, concave
filament short; anther-cells contiguous, connective narrow not produce

Hemiorchis.] ^ ous, sctraMinex. (J. G. Baker.) 207

Ovary l-celled; placentas 3, parietal; style filiform; stigma small, sub-
globose, Capsule small, 1-celled, 3-valved. Seeds conical, aril white.

H. burmanica, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. pt. ii. 108,
t. 8; Baker in Bot. Mag. t. 7120.

Kuasta Hiris, Mann. PEGv, MARTABAN and TENASSERIM, Kurz.
Habit of Gastrochilus. Rhizome white, hypogoous. Leaves few, oblong, acute,
eduncle with spike 3-1 ft., very pubescent, as are the rachis and calyx. Spike
dense upwards; bracts small, lanceolate, deciduous. Calyx funnel-shaped, reddish-
rown, f in., cleft below the middle. CoroJla-lobes reddish-brown : staminodes
about 3 in., greenish-white ; lip whitish, minutely dotted with red-brown; stamen
half as long as the corolla-segments, Capsule globose, 10-grooved, crowned by the

Persistent acute calyx-lobes. `

4. ROSCOEA, Smith.

Root fibres thick, fleshy, fascicled ; rootstock 0. Leaves lanceolate or
oblong. Flowers in terminal spikes; bracts persistent, 1-fld. Calyx
long, tubular, slit down one side. Corolla-tube slender, as long as or
onger than the calyx; lateral segments spreading ; upper broad, cucullate,
erect, hiding the staminodes and stamen. Lateral staminodes oblanceolate,
Petaloid, erect ; lip large, cuneate, deflexed, 2-fid or emarginate; filament
sort, erect; anther-cells linear, contiguous, connective produced at the

se Into a forked appendage. Ovary 3-celled, cylindric or oblong; ovules
very numerous, superposed ; style erect; stigma turbinate, margins ciliate.

apsule cylindric or clavate, membranous, tardily 3-valved. Seeds ovoid,
muute, arillate.—One species in Cochin China, and the following.

lL R. alpina, Royle, Ill. 361, t. 89; stem short, produced leaves 2-3
than’ oblong-lanceolate, spike sessile 1-2-fld., corolla-tube much longer
n the calyx, limb dark purple, upper segment orbicular, lip broad
(7 bifid. “Wight Ic. t. 2013 ; Horan. Prodr. 20. R. purpurea, Royle
8913. R, purpurea var. minor, Wall. Cat. 6528 D, E.
TEMPERATE CENTRAL and WESTERN HIMALAYAS; from KASHMIR to NEPAL,
“eavding to 11,000 ft.
tos hole plant 4-6 in. high. Leaves 3-4 in., under and not fully developed at the
u Whe fime. Calyr-tube green, 1 in. or more, slit nearly to the base, Corolla-
y White, Lin., longer than the calyx; upper segment orbicular-cuspidate, erect,
mur long and broad ; lateral 4 in., lincar-oblong, deflexed. Staminode oblong-
ulate, half as long as the upper segment ; fertile stamen as long as the stami-
e; lip obovate-cuneate, 3-3 in., bifid about one-third of its length.

hos R. Purpurea, Smith Erot. Bot. ii. 97, t. 108 ; leafy stem elongate,
tu need leaves 5.6 lanceolate, flowers few in a sessile spike, corolla-
up not longer than the calyx, limb purple rarely pale lilac or white,
t lá segment obovate-cuneate, lip broad deeply bifid. Hook. Exot. Fl.
p.i Bot. Mag, t, 4630; Rose. Scit. t. 64; Lodd. Bot. Cal. t. 1404;

be Prodr, 20; Wall. Cat. 6528 A, B. i
10,000 fr" AL and Eastern HIMALAYA; from Kumaon to Sikkim, ascending to

SSAM, the Kmasra HILLS, and BURMA. .
imbriead, stem 4-1 ft, long. Leaves 6 by 1-1 in. at flowering time; sheaths broad,
lin, slit q Bracts oblong, hidden in the sheaths of the upper leaves. Calya green,
Upwards ; *eply down one side as the flower expands. Corolla-tube rat e ila e
abont as vlt segment about 1 in., very cucullate ; lower lanceolate, decurved,
0g. Staminode oblanceolate unguiculate, half as long as the upper

208 CL, SOITAMINEZ. (J. G. Baker.) [ Roscoea.

segment ; fertile stamen as long as the staminode ; anther-tails A in. ; lip 1-14 wi
deflexed. Capsule cylindric, 1-1} in.—Varies greatly in robustness, breadth o
leaves and colour and size of flowers. Var. R. exilis, ^ Smith ;" Horan. Prodr. 21,
is probably a dwarf narrow-leaved variety.

Var. R. procera, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. t. 242; Wall. Cat. 6528 C. ; taller, more
robust, with broader leaf-sheaths and larger flowers. R. purpurea, Lindl. in Bot.
Reg. xxvi. t. 61.—Kumaon, Nepal and Sikkim.

Var. R. BRANDISII, King mss. ; leaf-sheaths narrower. and perianth-tube longer
than in the type.—Khasia Hills.

3. R. capitata, Smith in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 461; stem elongated,
leaves many linear, flowers many in a denge oblong peduncled spiko,
corolla-tube not longer than the calyx, limb pale blue, upper Arm
oblong-cuneate, lip narrow emarginate. Wall. Pl. As. Rar. t. 255; Cat.
6529; Horan. Prodr. 20.

NEPAL, Wallich, Scully. t

Stem 4-1 ft. or longer. Leaves erecto-patent, 4-1 ft. by 4 in. Peduncle erect,
8-6 in. Spike 14-2 in.; bracts green, lanceolate, 1-14 in. Calyx 1 in., green,
minutely 2-toothed, slit deeply down one side. Upper corolla-segment $ M»
arcuate, very concave; lower rather longer, oblanceolate deflexed. Stam u
nearly as long as the upper segment; lip 1 by } in., oblong-spathulate. Capsi
1 in., clavate.

IMPERFECTLY-KNOWN SPECIES.

4. R. LONGIFOLIA, Baker; stem short, produced leaves about 6 outer obieg
inner 12 in, linear or lanceolate, flowers 1-3 in a sessile spike, calyx-tube sloni
cylindric 1} in., corolla-tube twice as long, limb not seen, capsule shortly pedice
clavate above an inch long.—S1MLA, on Fagu, Thomson.

5. CAUTLEYA, Royle.

Characters of Roscoea, but flowers yellow, dorsal lobe of the corolla
narrow, and capsule dehiscing to the base with recurved lobes exposing
seeds in a columnar mass.—Species, the following.

1. C. lutea, Royle Ill. 361; spike lax few-fld., leaves sessile lanceolato
or oblong-lanceolate, bracts oblong green much shorter than.the ca in
seeds black angular exarillate. Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 6991. Rosco
gracilis, Smith in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 460; Horan. Prodr. Scit. 21. ei
elatior, Smith l. c.; Wall. Cat. 6531 A, B. R. lutea, Royle Ill. 291,3"
f. 2; Wight Ic. t. 2013. ft.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA; from Kashmir to Sikkim, ascending to 7-8000
Knuasra Hisis, J. D. H. & T. T. . ually

Stem 12-18 in., slender. Leaves 6-9 by 1-1} in. at flowering time, Jeng
purple beneath. Flowers 6-12 in a lax peduncled spike, rachis red flexuose ; si
i-i in. Calyx red, above } in. minutely toothed, slit deeply down one ower
Corolla-tube slightly exserted ; limb bright yellow ; upper segment i-i in» ent,
as long, oblong-cuneate, deflexed. Staminude nearly as long as the upper segale,
bases minutely spurred on the inner side; lip $ in., 2-lobed to below the mic.

lobes oblong. Capsule 4 in., bright red, globose ; valves ovate, reflexed, red inside:
Seeds black, angled, top flat.

2. C. Cathcarti, Baker; spike dense many-fld., leaves sessile Janceo-
late or oblong-lanceolate, bracts green oblong shorter than the calyx, 8e%
black angular exarillate. `

Bremm HiMALAYA, alt. 7-8000 ft., Grifith’s Collectors, &c. practs

Very near C. lutea, but more robust, flowers twice or thrice as many,

Csutleya.] CXLIX. SCITAMINEE. (J. G. Baker.) 209

larger, calyx longer and lip broader, with crisped margins; capsule and seeds quite

3. C. spicata, Baker; spike dense many-fid., leaves cblong acuminate
sessile or shortly petioled, bracts red as long as the calyx, seeds not
angled completely enclosed in a white scariose aril. Roscoea spicata,
Smith in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 461 ; Wall. Cat. 6530; Horan. Prodr. 21.

DETAIL and EASTERN HIMALAYAS, from Kumaon to Sikkim, ascending to

Stem 1-2 ft. Leaves sometimes 3-4 in. broad, not purple beneath. Spike
shortly peduncled, 6-9 in.; bracts oblong, bright red, lower 1-11 in. Calyx 1 in.,
tubular, red, minutely obtusely toothed, finally slit deeply down one side. Corolla-
lube as long as the calyx, upper segment about 1 in. ; lip bright yellow. Staminodes
marly as long as the upper segment of the corolla, oblanceolate-oblong. Capsule
‘mall, red, globose. Seeds $ in., black, ovoid or flattened by pressure.

4. C. robusta, Baker; spike dense many-fld., leaves sessile oblong
acute, bracts linear-oblong reddish as long as the calyx, seeds pink not
angled enclosed in a red or yellow arillus,

Hee HIMALAYA, alt. 5500-6500 ft., Clarke. .

“aves l ft. or less by 3 in. or inore. Spikes peduncled, 6-9 in.; bracts

m, Corolla not seen. Capsule depressed-globose, 1 in. diam. Seeds ovoid or

f 2 . .
aded, forming a dense mass 4} in, diam., entirely enveloped in the scarious

A E c. petiolata, Baker; spike dense many-fld., leaves petioled
ng-lanceolate caudate, bracts oblong reddish shorter than the calyx.
petiolata, Royle mss.
Zen, HIMALAYA ; between Dehra and Landour, alt. 7000 ft., Royle.
Stem 1 ft. or more, Leaves 6 by 14-24 in., shortly petioled, erecto-patent.
det? nearly sessile; bracts oblong, reddish, nearly 1 in. Calyz 1 in.,
lip pale obscurely bidentate, slit deeply down one side, Upper coralla-segment and
r sulphur-yellow, under l in, Staminode and stamen nearly as long as the
Segment. Known only from an unpublished figure of Royle's artist.

Ro 6. CURCUMA, Linn.
tone otatock tuberous, bearing sessile and long stipitate tubers; stem
4.55 usually oblong, often very large. Flowers in dense com-
enlarge es, (except in O. Kunstleri) crowned by a coma of coloured
ud bracts ; lower bracts ovate, membranous, enclosing several brac-
Rinnte} ptive flowers which open in succession. Calyx short, cylindric,
oblon Y toothed. Corolla-tube funnel-shaped ; segments usually ovate or
Palo Upper longer and more concave. Lateral staminodes oblong,
Denge " COD nate with the short filament; anther not crested, cells con-
tiny o! Spurred at the base; lip orbicular, tip deflexed. Ovary 3-celled,
enhn d; style filiform ; stigma 2-lipped, lips ciliate. Capsule globose,
India af. finally 3.valved. Seeds ovoid or oblong, usully arillate.—
i Malay Islands and N. Australia.
ry we Of this genus are v ifficult of determination and the characters
a Beet mos without exception from published or unpublished drawings.—Many
: living ; pe, Probably varieties, but this can be determined only by a comparison
te several wd, I have failed in my endeavours to subdivide the species of
ns,

ti Brantha, Horan. Flower-spike vernal or cstival, distinct

210 CXLIX, SCITAMINEE. (J. G. Baker.) [ Curcuma,

from the leaves, and usually developed before they appear; peduncle
sheathed by scariose bract-leaves.

1. C. angustifolia, Roxb. in Asiat. Res. xi. 338, t. 3; Hort. Beng. 1
Fl. Ind. i. 31; dwarf, rootstock small globose, leaves lanceolate plain
green shortly petioled, bracts of the coma pink, lobes of the corolla pale
yellow. Royle, Ill. 357, 359; Horan. Prodr. 22. C. longa, Wall. Cat.
6605 E, F, G.

TroprcaL HIMALAYA; from Kumaon to Nepal, alt. 3-4000 ft. NonTH OUDE.

Rootstock small; tubers many, oblong, at the end of long fibres. Leaves with
petiole 1-1} ft.; blade lanceolate, plain green, 3-1 ft. by 2-3 in. Spike with
peduncle zstival, 1-1 ft., 3-6 by 2 in. diam.; flower-bracts 1 in., green, ovate ;
pink ; bracts of coma few or many. Corolla-tube 1 in.; upper segment ovate, lateral
shorter, oblong. Staminode and lip bright yellow, the latter orbicular-cuneate,
emarginate,—Similar plants in flower and not distinguishable in a dried state are

found in Upper Burma, alt. 4000 ft., Collett, Prain, and in Munnipore, alt. 5000 ft.
Watt.

2. C. nellgherrensis, Wight Ic. t. 2006; dwarf, rootstock small,
white inside, leaves lanceolate pale green shortly petioled, bracts of com?
pink, lobes of corolla pale ovate. Horan. Prodr. 22. C. longa, Wall.
Cat. 6605 C. C. angustifolia, Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 274, not of Row.

Concan; at Ramghaut. MALABAR ; abundant on the S.W. slope of the Nilghiris,
alt. 4500-6000 ft. `

Very near C. angustifolia. Leaf and petiole together 12 in. or more; blade
glabrous beneath, narrowed gradually from the middle to both ends, Spikes vernm
2-4 by 14-2 in. diam.; flowering bracts pale yellowish green, 1-1} in. Flowers
lin., bright yellow ; lip orbicular, deflexed, emarginate.

3. C. aromatica, Salisb, Parad. t. 96; in Trans. Hort. Soc. i. 285;
rootstock large, tubers sessile yellow and aromatic inside, petiole long
green, leaves large oblong pubescent beneath, bracts of the coma HI:
lobes of corolla pinkish white. Rosc. Scit. t. 103; Wight Ic. t. 2005;
Thw. Enum. 316; Horan. Prodr.93. C. Zedoaria, Roxb. in Asiat. Res.
333; Hort. Beng. 1; Fl. Ind.i.23; Wall. Cat. 6601 A; Dalz. & ibs
Bomb. Fl. 274; Bot. Mag. t. 1546; Grah. Cat. Bomb, Pl. 209.

Throughout INDIA from the EASTERN HIMALAYA to CEYLON, wild and frequently
cultivated.

Rootstock tuberous, biennial, lin. diam. Leaves 3—4 ft.; petiole as Jong 8$ p»
blade, which is 1-2 ft. by 4-8 in., caudate, base deltoid, plain green above vi
variegated with lighter and darker green, clothed beneath with fine persistent
pubescence, Spike with peduncle 1 ft., produced from April to June with or before
the leaves, the later half as long, 3-4 in. diam.; flower-bracts ovate, pale grec
14-2 in.; those of the coma larger and more or less tinged with pink. Flower
shorter than the bracts. Corolla-tube 1 in., upper half funnel-shaped ; Jatera
segments oblong, upper longer ovate, concave. Staminode obtuse, as long 93 »

corolla-segments ; lip deflexed, orbicula 1 -lobed.
obscurely 2-lobed. hint, yellow, obscurely 3-10

4. €. Zedoaria, Rose Scit. t. 109; rootstock large, sessile tubers Pl?
yellow or whitish inside, petiole long green, leaves large oblong glabrous
beneath clouded with purple down the middle, bracts of the coma bright
red, lobes of corolla whitish. Wall. Cat. 6601 B; Horan. Prodr. 23. C.
Zerumbet, ftoxb. in Asiat. Res, xi. 333; Hort. Beng. 1; Fl. Ind. i 20;
Coromand, Pl. t. 101; Wall. Cat. 6800 A, B; Grah. Cat. Pl. Bomb. 20%

Cureuma.] CXLIX. SCITAMINER. (J. G. Baker.) 211

Royle 101.859 - Thw. Enum. 316. C. officinalis, Salisb. in Trans. Hort. Soc.
i. 285. C. speciosa, Link Enum. ii. 3. Amomum Zedoaria, Berg. Mat.
Med.41; Willd. Sp. Plant. i. 7. A. Zerumbeth, Aanig in Retz. Obs. iü.
9 A. latifolium, Lamk. Ency. i. 184.— Rwmph. Amboin. v. 108; Rheede.
Hort. Malab, xi. t. 7.

" Eastern HIMALAYA, wild; cultivated throughout India.—DisTRIB. Malay
lands,

Rootstock ovoid, tubers many, some 1 in. diam., sessile, cylindric, and. many
oblong terminating long fibres. Zeaves 1-2 ft., oblong, acuminate, narrowed to the
base; petiole longer than the blade. Spikes vernal, 4 ft. by 3 in. broad ; flowering
bracts 1} in., ovate, green, often slightly tinged with red; bracts of the coma many,
spreading, bright red. Flowers pale yellow, rather shorter than the bracts. Calyx
whitish, obtusely toothed, scarcely half as long as the corolla-tube. Corolla-
tube fonnel-shaped ; lateral segments oblong, upper rather longer, ovate, convex,
Lip + in. broad, orbicular, deflexed, obscurely 3-lobed emarginate, Capsule ovoid-
trigonous, smooth, dehiscing irregularly. Seeds oblong, aril lanceolate white.

5. C. elata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 1; Fl. Ind. i. 25; rootstock large,
"e tubers pale yellow inside, petiole long green, leaves large oblong
Piain-green pubescent beneath, bracts of coma bright red, lobes of corolla
Vtsh. Rose, Seit, t. 104; Wall. Cat. 6610; Horan. Prodr. 23.

Burma, Carey,

Rootstock and numerous sessile tubers large. Leafy tuft 6-8 ft.; blade 2-3 by

Spike vernal, j ft. by 3 in. diam.; flowering bracts 14 in., ovate, green ;
those of the coma ovate-oblong, larger, spreading. Flowers pule yellow, shorter
bolus braets ; lip obscurely 3-lobed, midlobe broad, emarginate.— Very near C.

"ia,

$. C. comosa, Hoch, in Asiat. Res. xi. 336 ; Hort. Beng. 1; Fl. Ind.
mj, rootstock large, sessile tubers few pale yellow inside, petiole long
Ki leaves largo oblong plain green glabrous beneath, bracts of coma
pit P lobes of the corolla pinkish white. Wall. Cat. 6609 A; Horan.

Prov, Carey, »"
fy tuft 5-6 ft. ; blade 2-3 ft., plain green except in the earliest leaves, which

‘te elouded with faint brown down "the centre. Spike vernal, denser and thicker
vr Zedoaria ; flower-bracts pinkish white; those of the coma many, brigh

m, spreading, Flowers pale yellow.— Very near C. Zedoaria.

aj € ornata, Wall. mss. ex Voigt Hort. Suburb. Cale. 564, (name
Jli Tootstock large, sessile tubers 0, leaves ovate clouded m, we corolla
ER Young, 3 ite A3 d - le, lobes ot the cor
tinged wi, ich all white tipped with mauve-purple,
d'r, Wallich,
Tou alked tubers very numerous. Leafy stem produced after the flowers. vores
fee ly seen, perhaps oblong when developed. Spike under 1 ft. long, 3 "
eas i’, SI whitish tipped with mauve-purple, the upper more so, `

ly alg 28 the b d i in. diam., white tinged with yellow.
“Closely allied to C coma? expanded limb A in.

8. 0.1 large, sessile
tubers aU folia, Rosc, Scit. t. 108; very tall, rootstock large,
ion Pale yellow inside, petiole long green, leaves large oblong clouded
w, lobe; middle with purple pubescent beneath, bracts of the coma brig
B 8 of the corolla whitish. Horan. Prodr. 28.

ENGAL ?, Carey,

P2

212 CXLIX. SCITAMINE&. (J. G. Baker.) [Curcuma.

Very near C. Zedoaria & aromatica, Leafy tuft 8-12 ft. ; blade 3-4 by 1 ft, ot
more. Spike produced vernal, 6-8 in., 3 in. diam. ; flower-bracts green, ovate,
li in., of the coma many, longer and more oblong. Flowers pale yellow, rather
shorter than the bracts; lip obscurely emarginate.—Sent by Carey from Serampore
to the Liverpool Botanical Garden; origin unknown.

9. C. leucorhiza, Roxb. in Asiat. Res. xi. 337; Hort. Beng. 1; Fl.
Ind. i. 30; rootstock large, sessile tubers nearly white inside, petiole long
green, leaves large oblong plain green glabrous beneath, bracts of the coma
pink, lobes of the corolla nearly white. Rosc. Scit. t. 102; Wall. Cat.
6607 ; Horan. Prodr. 22.

BEHAR; jungles south of Bhagulpore, Glass. . la tubers
Very near C. Zedoaria & aromatica. Rootstock large, ovoid ; sessile tu
cylindric, sometimes nearly 1 ft. Leafy tuft 3-4 ft. ; blade 1-2 ft. by 5-6 in.,b
at the middle, plain green and glabrous on both sides. Spike vernal ; n
nearly as long as the fertile portion; flower-bracts green, obtuse, 1j in. ; brar
the coma longer, more oblong. Flowers pale yellow, rather shorter than the bracts;
central lobe of the lip distinctly emarginate.

10. C. cæsia, Roxb. in Asiat. Res. xi. 334; Hort. Beng. 1; Fl. Ind.
i. 26; rootstock large, sessile tubers pale grey inside, petiole long Elle
leaves large oblong with a broad purple-brown cloud down the mi Sg
bracts of the coma and corolla-limb red. Wall. Cat. 6613; Horan. Prot".
22,

BENGAL, Roxburgh. ,

Rootstock ovoid ; sessile tubers longer and not so thick as in C. eng
Leafy tuft about 3 ft.; blade 1-1} ft. by 5—6 in., glabrous beneath. Spike produ
dense, 5-6 by 21—3 in. diam. ; flower-bracts green, ovate, very obtuse, 1} in. ; deng
of the coma rather longer, many, bright red. Flowers pale yellow, rather ker us
than the bracts; lip 4 in., broad, obscurely 3-lobed, midlobe emargina

“ Resembles C. Zerumbet, Roxb. (Zedoaria supra p. 210), but differs widely in
colour of the root," Roxb.

ll. C. eeruginosa, Rozb. in Asiat. Res. xi. 335; Hort. Beng. 1; Ft

Ind. i. 27 ; rootstock large, sessile tubers palmate verdigris-green inside

etiole long green, leaves large oblong green faintly tinged with T e
rown down the middle, bracts of the coma pink, lobes of the corolla pal
red. Rosc. Scit. t. 106; Salisb. in Trans. Hort. Soc. i. 285; Wall.
6606 ; Horan. Prodr. 22.

BURMA, Carey. n. thick

_ Very near C. Zedoaria. Rootstock ovoid; sessile tubers short, above 11D: ^.
stipitate tubers purely white within. Leafy tuft 4-6 ft.; petiole andblade
2-3 ft., the latter 6-9 in. broad. Spike vernal, 6-8 by 24-3 in. diam. ; flower’ allow
green, ovate, obtuse, 2 in. ; many upper longer oblong, pink. Flowers pale ff `
shorter than the bracts; corolla-tube an inch long; lip deflexed, + in. broad.

12. C. amarissima, Rosc. Scit. Pl. t. 101; rootstock large, sessl®
tubers yellow and very bitter inside, petiole long red-brown, leaves
oblong plain green, bracts of the coma whitish tipped with pink, lobe
the corolla red. Horan. Prodr. 23.

BENGAL ?, Carey. ide.

Rootstock very large, yellow in the centre, zruginose towards the outs J
Leafy tuft 3 ft.; blade 1-1} ft. by 5-6 in. Spike, bracts and flowers a8 în i

Zedoaria.—Sent by Carey in 1824 from Serampore to the Liverpool Leg
Garden, probably a native of Bengal.

g of

Curcuma.] CXLIX. SCITAMINEX. (J. G. Baker.) 213

13. €. ferruginea, Roxb. in Asiat. Res. xi. 336; Hort. Beng.1; Fl.
' Ind. i. 27; rootstock large, sessile tubers pale yellow and very fragrant

inside, petiole long red-brown, leaves large oblong with a faint red-brown
cloud down the centre, bracts of the coma bright red, lobes of the corolla
red. Rose. Scit. t. 105; Horan. Prodr. 23.

BENGAL, RozburgA.

Rootstock ovoid 7 sessile tubers very stout. Tuft of leaves 4-5 ft. ; blade 1-14 by
5-6 in. Spike vernal; flowers few, large ; fertile bracts tinged with red-brown, those
of the coma few bright red; lip above 4 in. diam., obscurely emarginate.

14. C. rubescens, Roxb. im Asiat. Res. xi. 336; Hort. Beng. 1; Fil.
Ind. i. 28; rootstock large, sessile tubers white inside, petiole long red-

wn, leaves large oblong green with a red-brown midrib, bracts of the
toma few pale red, limb of the corolla reddish. Rosc. Scit. t. 107 ; Horan.
Prodr, 23, O, erubescens, Wall. Cat. 6608. C.longiflora, Salisb. in Trans.
Hort. Soc. i. 286, C. rubricaulis, Link. Enum. i. 3.

Desen, Rosburgh.

Rootstock ovoid-cylindrie ; tubers sessile and many on long fibres. Leafy tuft
45 ft.; blade dark green, 1-2 ft. by 5-6 in. Spikes vernal, produced apart from
the leaves, and sometimes also from the centre of the leaves in September, 5-6 in.,
‘da 2 in. diam; flower-bracts pale green, 1j in.; those of the coma few, ovate,

* red. Flowers pale yellow, protruding beyond the bracts; lip 4 in. diam.,
‘Marginate,

Sect. IT. Mesantha, Horan. Flower-spike autumnal, in the centre
Of the tuft of leaves ; bracts not recurved at the tip.

15. ©. attenuata, Wall. Cat. 6602; rootstock small, petiole long
slender, leaves lanceolate, flower bracts small, those of the coma oblong
With red, flowers ?

Burma ; banks of th 7
; e Irrawaddy, Wallich. .

Rootstock globose ; sessile tubers oblong. Leafy tuft 24-3 ft.; petiole as long as
riety b Which is firmer in texture than is usual in the genus, quite g » 1 Ka
d if. bylin, tapering gradually to the base and a long point. Pedunc i D
ender, erect; Spike dense, 3-4 in. by 1 in. diam.; flower-bracts under, m.,
Mithe aous, very obtuse ; bracts of the coma few, 1 in., bright coloured. owers,

ithered only seen,

a plic ll, petiole slender long
. ata, Wall. Cat. 6611; rootstock small, peti

Nee eaves firm oblong-lanceolate, flower-bracts green, those of the

4 much tinged with red, flowers small pale yellow.

EMA and Pzav, Wallich, J. Anderson .
Img as (1 * Blobose ; fibres bearing small tubers. Leafy tuft 9-18 in. ; petiole as
bright. the blade, which is 6-8 in. by 14-3 in., firm, tapering gradually to both end ,
Spike Breen, with a brown dorsal cloud the centre. Peduncle slender, " Mn
the 34 in, by 11 in, diam.; flower-bracts 1 in., pale green, very obtuse; those o
Corot whi: rather longer and more oblong. Flowers rather longer than i e bracts.
Marginate, i in. diam. ; upper lobe ovate; lip obscurely ,

ig^ Amada, Zoo), in Asi i. 341 ; Beng.1; Fl. Ind.
K wa oi, in Asiat. Res. xi. 341; Hort. Beng. L;

hn > Tootstock large, sessile tubers pale yellow inside, petiole long, Jeaves

M oblong-lanceo ate, flower-bracts pale green, those of the coma pin "

Bomi pale yellow, Rosc. Scit. t. 99; Royle Ill. 359; Grah. Cat. Pl.
D: Dalz. $- Gibs. Bomb, FU 275; Horan. Prodr. 23.

214 ,CXLIX. SCITAMINEE. (J. G. Baker.) [Cureuma.

BENGAL and the CoNcANs; native and widely cultivated, under the name of.
Mango Ginger. .

Rootstock ovoid; sessile tubers thick, cylindric. Leafy tuft 2-3 ft. ; petiole as
long as the blade, which reaches 1-1} ft. by 6 in. or more in breadth, plain green,
tapering gradually to the base and apex. Peduncle } ft. or more, hidden by the
sheathing bases of the leaves. Spike autumnal, 3-6 in. by 1} in. diam.; flower-
bracts about 1 in., those of the coma tinged with pink. Flowers about as long as
the bracts. Corolla whitish, lip pale yellow.—Not distinguishable in Herbarium
specimens from C. longa.

18. C. longa, Linn. Sp. Plant. 2; rootstock large, sessile tubers
bright yellow inside, petiole long, leaves large oblong narrowed to the base,
flower-bracts pale green, those of the coma tinged with pink, flowers ale
yellow. Kanig in Ketz. Obs. ii. 71; Rowb. in Asiat. Res. xi. 340 ; Cu
‘Beng.1; Fl.Ind.i.82; Royle Ill. 358; Wall. Cat. 6605 D; Grah. Cat. Pi.
Bomb. 209; Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 886; Bentl. & Trim. Med. Pl. t. 209;
Horan. Prodr. 23. Amomum Curcuma, Jacq. Hort. Vind. iii. t. 4.—Rheede
Hort. Mal. xi. t. 11. Rumph. Amboin. v. t. 67.

Widely cultivated in BENGAL and other parts of Ixp14A. Clarke considers it to
be indigenous on Parasnatb, in Behar, alt. 4-5000 ft., Clarke. —DISTRIB. Cultivated
through the Tropics. .

Rootstock ovoid; sessile tubers thick, cylindric. Leafy tuft 4-5 ft.; petiole 8$
long as the plain green blade, which is 1-1} ft. by 4-8 in. broad. Peduncle j ft. or
more, hidden by the sheathing petiole. Spikes autumnal, 4-6 in. by 2 in. diam. ;
flower-bracts pale green, ovate, lj in.; those of the coma pale pink. Flowers as
long as the bracts, like those of C. Zedoaria & aromatica in structure.

19. C. montana, Rosc. in Trans. Linn. Soc. vii. 355; rootstock
large, sessile tubers pale yellow inside, petiole long, leaves oblong narrowe
to the base, Hower-bracts pale green, those of the coma pink, flowers pa
yellow. Rogb. in Asiat. Res. xi. 342; Hort. Beng. 1; Corom. Pl. t. 1515
Fl. Ind. i. 95; Griff. Notul. iii. 415 ; Ic. Plant. Asiat.t. 352, fig. 1; Hora".
Prodr. 93. C.pseudo-montana, Grah. Cat. Pl. Bomb. 210; Dalz. & Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 275; Lisboa in Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. ii. 144.

Concan and the Circars, Roxburgh, &c. ,

Rootstock ovoid, perennial. Leafy tuft 2-3 ft.; blade 1 ft. or more by 6-8 IDs
plain green, narrowed to the base; petiole green, deeply channelled, as long 8$ the
blade. Peduncle shorter than the petiole. Spike autumnal, j ft. by 2 in. diam;
flower-bracts ovate, 13 in. Flowers about as long as the bracts. Corolla-segments
subequal, lip longer, deflexed, obscurely 3-lobed.—C. Kuchoor, Royle Ill. 359 (name
only), which is cultivated on the hills above the Dehra Doon, is said to be nearly

allied. A flowerless specimen from Mussoorie, sent by Mr. Duthie, furnishes 2°
distinctive characters.

20. C. Kuntsleri, Baker; petiole long, leaves oblong narrowed to
the base, bracts very broad all pale green, coma 0, flowers yellow.

Pesu, Kunstler (Hort. Calcutt. 1882).

Rootstock not seen. Leaf-blade under 1 ft., 4-6 in. broad, acute, green aboy?”
tinged with purple beneath; petiole 5-6 in., robust, deeply channelled. Pedune”
very short; spike short, 2 in. diam., without any coma of coloured bracts;
flower-bracts 14 in. long and broad. Corolla-tube as long as the bract; segments

lanceolate, } in.; lip obovate-cuneate, rather longer than the corolla-segments, Y ellow
throughout, emarginate.—Near C. montana.

21. C. reclinata, Hoch, in Asiat. Res. xi. 342; Hort. Beng. 1; Fl
Ind. i. 36; rootstock small, sessile tubers 0, petiole short, leaves thin oblong

Cureuma.] CXLIX. SCITAMINEE. (J. G. Baker.) 215

obtuse, flower-bracts green tinged with red, those of the eoma reddish,
flowers reddish-yellow. Horan. Prodr. 24.

CENTRAL INDIA, Colebrooke.

Rootstock oblong, bearing many subglobose tubers at the end of fibres. Leaves
Plain green, obtuse, rounded at base, 6-8 by 3-4 in.; petiole shorter than the
blade, Peduncle very short. Spike autumnal, oblong, 3-4 by 2 in. diam.; bracts
l in.; those of the coma oblong, ascending, similar to flower-bracts in colour.
Flowers small, dull red, except the yellow orbicular emarginate lip.

22. €. decipiens, Dalz. in Kew Journ. ii. (1850), 144; rootstock small,
sessile tubers 0, petiole short, leaves thin cordate-ovate cuspidate, bracts
and flowers purple. Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 274; Horan. Prodr. 23.

The Concan, Dalzell, Law.

Rootstock bearing numerous small almond-like tubers at the end of fibres.
eaves thin, 6-8 in, by 3-4., base rounded tip, deltoid with a small cusp; petiole as
ong as the blade. Spikes wstival, earlier lateral, later central, 4-6 by 13-2 in. ;

uncle short; lower bracts ovate, 1 in.; many upper sterile, longer, oblong ;
ower shorter than the bract ; lip bifid, margins curled.

2. €. albiflora, Thw. Enum. 316; rootstock small, sessile tubers 0,
Mi eie Short, leaves small oblong rounded at the base, flower-bracts green
Mog. t. Gre white with a yellow spot on the lip. Hook. f. in Bot.

Certon ; Maskellia, in the Ambagamowa district, at a low elevation.
Rootstock bearing a few small tubers at the end of fibres. Leaves bright green,
e el 21-3 in., acute, base rounded or cordate ; petiole deeply channelled, as long
hn father longer than the blade. Peduncle very short ; spike oblong, 3-4 m. j
in. ucts 2 in., oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, upper shorter, ovate. Flowers
marie Corolla-lobes oblong. Staminode broad; lip } in. broad, shallow,
Sinate, pure white, with a yellow spot at the throat.

e c. oligantha, Trimen in Journ. Bot. 1885, 245; rootstock small,
* tubers 0, petiole short, leaves small ovate narrowed to the base,

igre? bracts green all fertile, flowers white with a yellow spot on the

Sim ; Central Province, near the Mahaweli river, Trimen. i
distinct ye; albiflora. Leaves 5-7 in., thin, bright light transparent green, wi l
veins and transverse veinlets, Peduncle short, slender; spike 4-6 in. ;
Corolla rupe" appressed, acuminate; flowers few, erect, large for the genus
ite. lin e lin; segments long, pinkish. Staminode subacute, crispe ul
es ih broad, deeply bifid, with a yellow stain at the throat, Seeds oblong,
3» shining, exarillate,

e

Szor III H . ] tre
af o Hiteheniopsis, Baker. Spike autumnal, from the cen
at the tin of leaves; bracts very obtuse, adnate at the sides and spreading

Ge E parviflora, Wall. Pl. Asiat. Rar. i. 47, t.57; rootstock EP
ga gie oblong rounded to the base, fertile bracts green, those of the
greenish-white, lip violet. Horan. Prodr. 24.

U :
wl, banks of the Irrawaddy, near Prome, Wallich.
boa ?6* oblong, fibres bearing a few small fusiform tubers. -
een, Pedum pe 4-8 in. ; blade green, cuspidate, 4 ft. by 2-3 in.,
2 in, byli nere short, slender, hidden by the clasping petioles; *
n. diam. ; flowcr-bracts 3-1 in., very obtuse, tips spreading.

Leaves about six
veins durker
spike oblong,
Flowers

216 CXLIX. SCITAMINEA, (J. G. Baker.) [ Curcuma.

; staminodia oblong, white,
as long as the bracts, Corolla-segments small, ovate; staminodia o m
as long as the corolla-segments ; lip longer, obovate-cuneate, obscurely emarginate.

26. €. strobilifera, Wall. Cat. 6599; rootstock small, leaves Greg
oblong, bracts all green, flowers pale yellow. C. strobilina, Wall. mss.;
Grah. Cat. Pl. Bomb. 210.

Droen: near Rangoon, Wallich. . .

Rootstock bearing a few globose sessile tubers. Leaves about six toa taft;
petiole green, deeply channelled, 6-8 in. ; leaves 6-8 by 23-3 in., briga Erter
acute, base rather rounded, darker green along the veins. Peduncle much s reen
than the petioles; spike oblong, 3-4 in. by 2 in. diam.; bracts all similar, Sila.
very obtuse, spreading at the tip. Flowers about as long as the bracts. €?
segments small, whitish ; lip short, deflexed, orbicular, distinctly emarginate.

27. C. grandiflora, Wall. ex Voigt Hort. Suburb. Calc. 565 (name
only); rootstock small, leaves small oblong acute, bracts all pale green,
flowers pale yellow.

MALAY PENINSULA, Wallich. . vetiole

Rootstock oblong; fibres not bearing tubers. Leaves 6-8 to a toft; Perker
deeply channelled, 6-10 in. : blade 6-8 by 3-4 in., cuspidate, base rounde , blong
green along the veins. Peduncle much shorter than the petioles. Spike o n
3-4 in.; bracts all similar, very obtuse, spreading at the tip. Flower? ia
longer than the bracts. Corolla-segments ovate or oblong; staminode shor
broad; lip 3 in., broad, obscurely emarginate, both primrose-yellow.

28. C. petiolata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 37 ; rootstock small, leaves oblong
base rounded, flower-bracts green, those of the coma purple or lilac, Cosi
yellowish-white. Rose. Scit. t. 100; Horan. Prodr. 23; Hook. f. wi 08;
Mag. t. 5821. C. cordata, Wall. Pl. Asiat. Rar. i. 8, t. 10; Cat. Hort.
Horan. Prodr. 23; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4435. C. cordifolia, Roch,
Beng. l. .

BURMA, PEGU, and TENASSERIM, Roxburgh, &c. à of

Rootstock with a few sessile tubers, pale yellow inside, and many at the ee date
fusiform fibres. Leaves 4—6 to a tuft; petiole 3-1 ft.; blade 6-9 in., thin, curr ots
Peduncle much shorter than the petioles; spike } ft. by 2 in, diam. ; flower- We n
lj in., very obtuse, spreading at the tip; those of the coma similar in mee?
shape, but brightly coloured. Flowers nearly as long as the bracts. Corolla-

nearly an inch long; upper segment convex, cuspidate; lip suborbicular, deflexec,
emarginate.

29. C. Roscoeana, Wall. Pl. Asiat. Rar. i. 8, t. 9; Cat. 6597;
rootstock small,leaves oblong rounded at the base, bracts of the flow t
and coma both bright red, flowers yellowish white. Hook. in Bot. M St
4667 ; Lem. Jard. Fleur. t. 827; Horan. Prodr. 24. ©. coccinea, Wall. mss
Hitchenia Roscoeana, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii. 643.

)URMA and Prev, Wallich. fibres:

Roostock without sessile tubers, but with many small ones at the end of the éi
Leaves 6-8 to a tuft; petioles 3-13 ft.; blade 6-12 in., cuspidate, bright gr ike
darker along the veins. Peduncle short, hidden by the sheathing petioles ; §P at
6-8 in., by 2-3 in. diam. ; bracts very obtuse, adnate at the sides and spreading es.
the tip; those of the coma similar.in size, shape and colour to the lower `, `
Flowers about as long as the bracts. Corolla j in. diam., segments oblong, s
equal; limb 4 in. diam, ; staminodes oblong; lip orbicular, entire.

IMPERFECTLY KNOWN SPECIES. ticles
C. Kurzi, King mss.; nearly allied to C. petiolata, but leaves larger, Pe

longer, scape longer, bracts more imbricating, and their tips less spreading —
S. Andaman Islds.

Gastrochilus,] ` ous, SCITAMINEE. (J. G. Baker.) 217

7. GASTROCHILUS, Wail.

Perennial, rarely annual; rootstock 0 or creeping; root-fibres cylindric
or slender, Leafy stem absent or present. Leaves oblong, acute. Flowers
solitary or Spicate, often secund. Calyx short, spathaceous. Corolla-tube
slender ; segments equal, connivent, linear-oblong, ascending; lateral
staminodes petaloid, broader than the corolla lobes, oblanceolate-oblong;
filament very short; anther-cells parallel, connective neither crested nor
"Pured; lip oblong, longer than the corolla-segments, entire. Ovary
oblong, 3-celled; ovules few, or many, superposed; style filiform; stigma
subglobose. Capsule oblong. Seeds ovoid, aril small basal.—India and
one other species from China.

l G.longiflora, Wall, Plant. Asiat. Rar. i. 22, t.25; Cat. 6589;
Perennial, stemless, leaves large long-petioled often cordate, flowers 1-2
i radical spikes, corolla-tube much longer than the bracts, staminodes
Wes rather longer than the white corolla-segments. Hook. in Bot. Mag.
y, MIO ; Horan. Prodr. 99. Alpinia Hamiltoniana, Wall, Cat. 6579.

anglium sulphureum, Ham. mss.

SIEEIX HIMALiYA, KHAsia HILLS, Assam, and from Peer and UPPER BURMA

Root-fibres tufted, cylindric. Leaves about 4 in a tuft; petiole long, erect,
benatlled ; blade 3-l ft. or more, base cordate or cuneate, often tinged purple
neath, Scape radical; bracts about 2 in., many, imbricate, scarious, oblong-
D Calyz much shorter than the bract. Corolla-tube 2-3 in., very slender ;
a Zeite 3-1 in, Stamen rather shorter than the corolla-segments; lip half as long
gau as the corolla-segments, oblong-cuneate, sometimes 1 in. broad, more or less
KÉ With red and crisped on the incurved margins.—Perhaps more than one species
than Nded. The Bot, Mag. plant is G. Jenkinsii, Wall. mss, and has larger flowers
wie figured by Wallich, of a purer white, the lip tipped with bright red. ;
th M " Kurz mss. has still larger flowers of a dull sulphur yellow, with the sides o
* lip clouded with purple.

H

D G. minor, King mss.; perennial, stemless, leaves oblanceolate-

y ng long-petioled, corolla-tube not longer than the bract, staminodes
P scarcely longer than the corolla-segments.

Spike; bracts 2 ; 1 Corolla-tube slender to the
aper. n., lanceolate, membranous. .
es E l in., oblong, whitish ; lip oblong, marked with red and yellow, with
ncurved margins.

3. G D H € . . 1

l *Pulcherrima, Wall. Pl. Asiat. Rar. i. 22, t. 24; perennial,

a em usually produced, leaves sessile or shortly petioled, flowers many

b simal Spikes with imbricate bracts, corolla-tube not longer than the

Beet pominodes white not longer than the white corolla-segments.
: "Lag. Bot. vii. 75, with fig.; Bot. Mag. t. 3930; Horan. Prodr. 22.

Pr . "i
Moi? Wallich ; Tavoy, Gomez; TENASSERIM, Helfer, Lobb, Parish; PENANG,

reeping; root-fibres thick, fleshy. Stem 6-12 in., rarely 0. Leaves
4 Ge oblong, caudate. Spike sessile, 2-3 in. bracts oblong-lanceolate, green, about
Sie ida Spathaceous, rather shorter than the bract. Corolla-segments linear-

White t in, Stamen shorter than the corolla-segments ; lip 1 in., obovate-cuneate,
with pink,

218 CXLIX. SOITAMINEE. (J. G. Baker) ` [Gaetrochilu:.

4. G. tillandsioides, Baker; perennial, stem 0, leaves distinctly
petioled, flowers many in a long subsessile spike with imbricate bracts,
staminodes linear-oblong not longer than the corolla-segments.

?PERAK ; Kunstler.

Leaves 6-8 in., oblong, subacute, base rounded, green above, purplish beneath,
petiole nearly or quite as long as the blade. Spike 6 in. ; bracts 20-30, oblong, about
1 in. Staminodes }-} in., whitish, similar to the corolla-segments in shape an
size; lip orbicular-cuneate, 4 in. long and broad, pure white with a faint yellow spot
at the throat; stamen half as long as the lip; filament as long as the anther.—
Described from a specimen cultivated in Hort. Culcutt.

5. G. rubrolutea, Baker; perennial, leafy stem produced, leaves
oblong caudate sessile or shortly petioled, flowers many, spike very narrow
terminal on the stem or on a radical scape, corolla-tube not longer than the
bract, staminodes yellow rather longer than the red corolla-seginents.

Knuasia Hints; J. D. H. & T. T., Clarke. .

Leafy stem 4-1 ft. or more. Leaves 6-8 in. narrowed to the base, Spike 2-3 in.,
as long as its peduncle or scape, much narrower and fewer flowered than 1n
pulcherrima ; bracts few, small, closely sheathing the scape. Corolla-segments
lin.; staminodes yellow, 1 in. broad; stamen nearly as long as the staminodes ;
lip oblong-cuneate, panduriform, upper half red, lower yellow.

6. G. parvula, Wall. Cat. 6590; annual, stem short, leaves small
shortly petioled oblong. flowers solitary from the centre of the o
corolla-tube not longer than the bract, staminodes longer than the corolla
segments.

Tavoy, Gomez. fa

A dwarf annual, with 3-4 acute membranous leaves 134-2 in. long at the top itl
short stem. Root-jibres all slender. Bract green, under 1 in., wrapped tig li d
round the corolla-tube, its base hidden by the sheath of the uppermost leaf, Coro is
segments linear-oblong, greenish, 4 in.; lip 4 in., obovate-cuneate; stamen arcua
half as long as the lip. Habit of a Kampferia of the Sincorus section.

IMPERFECTLY KNOWN AND UNDESCRIBED SPECIES. t

G.? TILIÆFOLIA, Baker; annual, root-fibres slender fascicled, leafy stem shor
leaves 4-5 by 3 in. distinctly petioled ovate cuspidate, base oblique, spike 4-5 te
terminal, sessile dense-fid., bracts 1-1} in., oblong-lanceolate scariose imbri
corolla-tube as long as the bract, segments lanceolate under an inch, stam!D ica
not longer than the segments, lip oblong-cuneate 1} in.—Kuasia HILLS, trop o
region, Hk. f. & Thomson (Monolophus 6, Herb. Ind. Or.). I have not been able
make out the structure of the anther. odr.

G. AFFINIS, Wall. mss. ez, Voigt Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 372; Horan. Pr
22).— Assam.

G. JENKINSII, Wall. mss. l. c.—Assam. (See under G. longiflora.)

8. KÆMPFERIA, Linn.

Rootstock often tuberous, fibres various. Stem short or 0. Leaves few
Flowers spicate, on radical scapes, or terminating a leafy stem. de
short, cylindric, splitting down one side. Corolla-tube long, slen si
segments equal, usually spreading. Staminodes broad, petaloid; stani
short, arcuate; anther-cells separated on a broad connective, which 15 Sp
duced above into a petaloid crest, not spurred below; lip broad, bw)
bifid. Ovary 9-celled; style long, filiform; stigma turbinate. Cap of
oblong; pericarp thin. Seeds subglobose, aril small lacerate.— Tropic
the Old World.

Kenpferia.] CXLIX, SOITAMINEX. (J.G. Baker.) 219

Sugeen. I. Sincorus, Horan. Stemless. Leaves contemporary with
the flowers, Spikes central, radical. Lip usually bifid.

* Anther crest 2-lobed, 2-fid, or toothed,

l. X. Galanga, Linn. Sp. Pl. 3; Hort. Cliff. V. 3; leaves sub-
orbicular subsessile, corolla-segments lanceolate, staminodes obovate-
cuneate white, lip white with a lilac throat deeply bitid, anther-crest
uadrate, lobes two rounded. Rose. in Trans. Linn. Soc. viii. 351; Kcit.

Lt. 99; Roxb, in Asiat. Res. xi. 327; Hort. Beng. 1; Fl. Ind. i. 15;
Wall. Cat. 6581; Wight. Ic. t. 899; Grah. Cat. Pl. Bomb. 208 ; Dalz. &
Gibs. Bomb, Fl. 274; Horan. Prodr. 21. K. sessilis, Kænig in Retz. Obs.
m. 67. K. humilis, Salisb. Prodr. 6. K. plantaginifolia, Salisb. in Trans.
Hort. Soc. i. 986. Alpinia sessilis, Kænig in Retz. Obs. iii. 62.— Rumph.
Amboin. v. t. 69, fig. 2. Rheede Malab. xi. t. 41.

In the plains throughout British Inp1a.—DisrR1B, Malay isles. .
colstock tuberous; root-fibres cylindric. Leaves 3-6 in. long, spreading flat
on the ground, tip deltoid, thin, deep green, 10—12-ribbed, margin not thickened
nor coloured ; petiole short, channelled. Flowers 6-12, fugitive, sweet-scented,
opening successively ; bracts lanceolate, green, small. Calyx as long as the bract.
?rolla-tube 1 in. ; segments 4 in. ; staminodes 3 in. long and broad; lip 1 in. broad,
Wel below the middle, lobes obtuse; anther-crest small, with two shallow obtuse

, Var, K. LATIFOLIA, Donn. Hort. Cant. ed. vi. p. 3; lip spotted at the throat
with brown, K, Galanga, Willd., Enum. i. 3; Bot. Mag. t. 850.

2. K. marginata, Carey in Rosc. Scit. PL t. 93; leaves orbicular sub“
sessile edged with brown, corolla-segments lanceolate, staminodes lilac

jurat, lip lilac cut deeply into two orbicular lobes, anther crest bifid.
"on, Prodr, 21,

Burma, Car ey; TENASSERIM, Parish

fir Root fibres oblong. Leaves spread flat on the ground, 4-6 in. long and broad,
reg in texture than in K. Galanga, tinged reddish-brown beneath, and with a
breng? brown margin. Flowers few in a sessile central cluster; bracts and calyx
ew e l in, ‘Corolla-tube 1 in.; segments as long, white. Staminodes as long as
id pe segments ; lip 1 in., lobes 4 in. broad, overlapping ; anther-crest deeply
ps, bes bidentate.— Nearly allied to K. Galanga. An allied plant with purple
terion Sent by Dr. King from Quedah in the Malay Peninsula, is probably a distinct

t be E. angustifolia, Roscoe in Trans. Linn. Soc. viii. 951 ; Scit. Pl.
d lone we ascending lanceolate, corolla-segments long linear, staminodes
R ong white, lip lilac deeply cut into two obovate lobes, anther-crest bifid.

a, A Arat. Res. xi, 328; Hort. Beng. 1; Fl. Ind.i. 17; Hed. Lil. t.
ata Zoran. Prodr. 21. K, Roxburghiana, Schult, Mant. i.33. K. undu-

& Link. ; Teysm. and Binnen. in Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 598.

[int of the Eastern Himatayas. BENGAL, Rorburgh.—DistR1B. Malay isles,
et ootstock tuberous; root-fibres slender or cylindric. Leaves many, Së by l in.
small, sessile, ascending, lanceolate. Flowers few in a central sessile spike d rac s
very 7 atya 1 ID, Corolla-tube white, twice as long as the calyx ; segments ; in.,
bi on, white, reflexing ; staminodes erect, i-iin.; lip reflexes, By 3 in
big, ut ha Way down; lobes suborbicular; anther-crest quadrate, sha y

l 4. R Ovalifol i. 19; Corom. PI.
7 ia, Rorb. Hort. Beng.1; Fl. Ind. i. 19;
3 78; Caves oblong’ distinctly "betioled, spike sessile, corolla-segments

230 CXLIX, SCITAMINEX. (J. G. Baker.) [Kæmpferia.

large linear, staminodes oblong white, lip lilac deeply cut into two obovate
emarginate lobes, anther-crest 3—4-dentate, Rosc. cit. Pl. t. 95; Wall.
Cat. 6583; Horan. Prodr.21. K. diversifolia, Link. in Dietr. Sp. Plant. i.
57; Horan. Prodr. | c. K. Parishii, Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 5763.—
Trilophus, Lestib. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. ii. xv. 341.

TENASSERIM, Parish; MALACCA, Farquhar.— DISTRIB. Siam. à

Rootstock tuberous; root-fibres cylindric or oblong at the tip. Leaves 6 by 4 In,
spreading, thin, pale green, acute; channelled petiole in the wild plant GTA
sometimes 6 in. in the cultivated. Spike few-fld., sometimes produced before :
leaves ; bracts imbricate, 1-2 in., pale green striped with brown. Corolla-tube li-
in. long; segments narrow, lj in.; staminodes erect, 1 by 4 in. ; lobes of lip short
and broad, imbricate, bright lilac; anther-crest large, quadrate, usually trifi —
Connects the sections Sincorus and Protanthiwm, and is included by Horaninov 1
both, under different names. »

5. K. speciosa, Baker; leaves suborbicular erect shortly petioled,
flowers in a sessile head large pure white, corolla-tube very long, segments
ovate, staminodes large obovate, lip patent broader than long bifid.

BURMA (Ic. in Hort, Calcut.)

Petiole 2-3 in.; blade 5-6 in. long and broad, plain green or variegated deeper
and paler green. Corolla-tube 3 in.; segments nearly 1 in.; staminodes and lip
l in., the expanded limb being 2 in. diam.

6. K. pandurata, Roxb. in Asiat. Res, xi. 328, t. 2; Hort. Beng. l;
Fl. Ind.i.18; leaves oblong petioled large erect, corolla-segments ascending,
staminodes oblong as long as the corolla-segments white, lip oblong
cuneate twice as long as the staminodes entire, anther-crest quadrate ne
Rosc. Scit. Pl. t. 96; Bot. Reg. t. 173; Wall. Cat. 6586; Grah. Cat. P
Bomb, 208; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 87 ; Thw. Enum, 316 ; Horan
Prodr. 21. K. ovata, Rose. in Trans. Linn. Soc. viii. 351. Cureum
rotunda, Linn. Sp. 2.—Rheede, Hort. Mal. xi. t. 10; Rumph. Amboin. Y. t

, fig. 2.

CoNcAN and GUZERAT, Graham. SOUTH ANDAMAN Ian, Kurz. T£NASSERIM,
Helfer. CEYLON, Thwaites.—DistRis. Malay Islds. 12

Rootstock perennial, tuberous, bright yellow ; root-fibres cylindric. Leaves 8.
in., acute, narrowed to the base; petiole long, channelled. Spike peduncled, hidden
in the dilated bases of the petioles; bracts oblong or lanceolate, moderately rire
14-2 in. Calyz shorter than the bracts. Corolla-tube 2-2} in.; segments whitish,
above } in. ; lip 1 in., white, tinged with red, margins incurved ; anther-crest 97,
—Resembles Gastrochilus in the shape of the flower, especially G. longifiora, be
the anther is crested. Cultivated for its ginger-like rootstock.

7. K. Prainiana, King mss.; leaves oblong-lanceolate erect, petiole
as long as the blade, corolla-segments oblong ascending, lip oblong
cuneate much longer than the corolla-segments.

Matay PENINSULA ; Goping, King’s Collector. :
Rootstock small. Leares about 4 ina tuft ; petiole 6 in. ; blade 8-9 by 2-2} rs
moderately firm, glabrous, narrowed to the base, Flowers in a sessile cylin

spike 6 in. long; bracts many, oblong, imbricate, membranous. Corolla Wéiee?
tube 1 in., slender, segments under 3 in., lip the same, but much smaller.—Nea'y

allied to K. pandurata.
** Anther-crest entire.

8. E. Roscoeana; Wall. in Bot. Reg. t. 1212; leaves orbicular sth
sessile variegated biack and green; flower entirely white; corolla-segmen

Kempferia.] CXLIX. SCITAMINEE. (J. G. Baker.) 331

short lanceolate; staminodes obovate, lip deeply cut into two obovate
lobes, anther-crest ovate entire. Hook. in Bot. Mag. t. 5600; Horan.
Prodr. 21. K. Roscoei, Wall. Cat. 6584.

Burma, Wallich (not NEPAL, as stated by Horaninov). .

Root-fibres many, fascicled, cylindric. Leaves 2, spreading flat on the. ground,
obscurely ‘cuspidate, 4-5 in., firmer in texture than in K. Galanga, margins pale,
obscurely crisped. Flowers few, in a sessile central tuft; bracts and calyx under
lin. Coroila-tube 1-1} in. ; segments A in.; staminodes j in. long and nearly as
broad; lobes of the lip similar in shape and size; crest of the anther small and not
at all lobed.—Nearly allied to K. Galanga.

9. K, parviflora, Wall. Cat. 6587; leaves subsessile ovate, corolla-
segments short linear-oblong, staminodes narrow, lip lilac obovate-cuneate
emarginate, anther-crest orbicular entire.

BURMA ; banks of the River Attran, Wallich.

Root-fibres slender. Leaves thin, ovate, 3-4 in. long, rounded at the base, plain
Breen ; petiole short, channelled. Flowers few in a sessile central tuft 3 bracts 1 in.,

ceolate, green. Calyx not longer than the bract, Corolla-tube 14 in. ; segments
greenish, } in., upper ascending, rather concave. Lip j by 4 in., subemarginate ;
anther-crest obtuse, as broad as long.— The flower resembles that of a Gastrochilus,
but the anther is crested.

10. 3 involucrata, King mss.; leaves oblanceolate-oblong long-

tioled erect, flowers several in a head surrounded by large oblong green
bracts, Corolla-segments ascending, staminodes rather longer than the
corolla-segments, lip orbicular bifid twice as long as the corolla-segments,
anther-crest orbicular entire.

Diren HIMALAYA, Jaffray. Assam, Jenkins.

Stemless. Petiole 5-6 in.; blade 6-7 by 14-2 in., green, membranous, nar-
md gradually to the base. Peduncle 1-4 in.; outer bracts membranous, 13-2 in.,
ner small lanceolate. Corolla-tube l} in.; segments small, oblong, whitisb.

y ow b H 3 , e? D . ng >

ll X. Andersoni, Baker; leaves oblong acute shortly petioled
flowers several in a head surrounded by large oblong green
mcts, staminodes small obovate lip orbicular emarginate, anther-crest
orbicular entire, ,

Burma, T. Anderson (in Hort. Bot. Cale

Petiole 1-2 in. ; blade 3-4 iu, Et arena, not mottled, narrowed to the base.
smal] 3 bracts 11-2 in. Corolla-tube shorter than the bracts; segments
V NS lip above 4 in, long and broad, pure white with a yellow spot at the
USC Nearly allied to K. involucrata.

See concinna, Baker; leaves oblong-lanceolate long-petioled
than gag, spikes oblong shortly peduncled, corolla-tube rather longer
the bract, flower white blotched with red, lip oblong margins incurved,
s. rent small entire,
oon p alt. 4-600 ft. King's Collector.
petio] Diech Very slender. ‘Leaj-blade subcoriaceous, glabrous, 6-8 by 2 ni
2 vender, 3-12 in, Spikes mauy-fld. ; bracts 1 in., ovate-lanceolate, reddish.
tegmente H short. Corolla-tube very slender, gradually dilated to the throat ;

ts oblong, 3 in.—Habit of K. pandurata.

Sübgen II, p t produced
i Ji Protanthium, Horan. Stemless. Leaves not pr
til after the flowers, Spikes radical. Lip and anther-crest bifid.

222 CXLIX. SCITAMINEE. (J. G. Baker.) [ Kampfería.

13. X. rotunda, Linn. Sp. 3; leaves oblong erect petioled, corolla.
segments long linear, staminodes oblong acute white, lip lilac or reddisa
deeply cut into two suborbicular lobes, anther-crest deeply bifid. Roxb. "
Asiat. Res. xi. 327 ; Hort. Beng.1; Fl: Ind.i.16; Rose. Scit. Pl. t. 97; Bot.
Mag. t. 920 and 6054; Wight Ic. t. 2029; Grah. Cat. Pl. Bomb. 208;
Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl., Suppl. 86; "Tim, Enum. 316. K. longa, Jacq.
Hort. Schoenb. t. 817; Red. Lil. t. 49. K. versicolor, Salisb. in Trans. Hort.
Soe. i. 286.—Rheede Hort. Mal. xi. t. 9.

Throughout INDIA from the HrMALAYAS to CEYLON and the MALAY PENINSULA,
often cultivated.— DISTRIB. Malay Islands. .

Rootstock tuberous; root-fibres many, very thick. Leaves erect, petiole short
channelled; blade 12 by 3-4 in., usually variegated with darker and lighter green
above and tinged purple beneath. Spikes 4-6-fd., produced in March and April
before the leaves; bracts oblong, acute, outer short, the inner 2-3 in. long. Calyz
nearly as long as the corolla-tube, minutely toothed, slit down one side. Corolla-
tube 2-3 in., segments spreading, nearly as long as the tube. Staminodes 11-2in.;
lip rather shorter, reflexed, 2-lobed to below the middle lobes 3-1 in. broad, deeply
tinged with lilac or red-purple ; anther-crest cut half way down into two lanceolate
lobes, with often a small tooth between them.

14. K. candida, Wall. Pl. Asiat. Rar. i. A7, t. 56; Cat. 6585;
flowers white, corolla-segments lauceolate, staminodes obovate obtuse, lip
orbicular-cuneate shallowly bifid, anther-crest bifid.

Burma, Wallich, &c ; Shan Hills, 3000 ft., Collett.

Rootstock tuberous; root-fibres slender, with large tubers at the end. Leates
not known. Spikes 6-8-fld.; bracts broader than in K. rotunda, inner 2-3 in. long.
Calyx 1 in., minutely toothed. — Corolla-tube twice as long as the calyx ; segments
1 in. or less; staminodes 1} by 1 in., erect, pure white; lip reflexed, 1j in. long
and broad, tinged yellow in the centre; anther-crest much smaller than in ^.
rotunda.

Subgen. III. Monolophus, Wall. (gen). Leafy stem usually pro
duced. Leaves contemporary with the flowers. Spikes terminal on thé
leafy stem. Lip bifid or entire. Anther-crest entire.

15. X. siphonantha, King mss.; leafy stem none, leaves oblong
oblique at the base, petiole longer than the blade, flower lilac, staminodes
oblong, lip broad deeply bifid.

ANDAMAN ISLANDS, King’s Collector. d

Annual, stemless ; root-fibres slender. Leaves 3 in a tuft; petiole 6 in. ; tet
4-5 in., oblong, acute, membranous, glabrous, base unequal-sided, sides rounded.
Flowers solitary at the end of a long very slender spike; bracts few, narrow, mem-
branous, Corolla-tube much exserted from the upper bract ; segments 4 in., oblong:
lanceolate, greenish.

16. K. elegans, Wall. Cat. 6593; leafy stem short or none, leaves
oblong, petiole rather shorter than the blade, flowers bright lilac, stam»
nodes obovate-cuneate, lip cut nearly to the base into two obovate lobes-
K. Crawfurdii, Wall. ined. Monolophus elegans, Wall. Pl, Asiat. Rar. }
24, t. 27; Horan. Prodr. 22, 7

PEGv, MARTABAN, Tavoy, and TENASSERIM. .

Annual, root-fibres slender. Leaves 2-4 to a tuft, 5-6 by 2-3 in., acute, thit,
green above, much paler beneath, base rounded; petiole channelled, nearly as ong
as the blade. Cluster of flowers shortly peduncled; outer bracts 2 in., oblong
lanceolate, green. Calyx about 1 in. Corolla-tube slender, twice as long 8$

Kempferia.] ` ous, SCITAMINEE. (J. G. Baker.) 223

1 ; i ding, j in. ; lip
calyx; segments less than 1 in., green, lanceolate ; staminodes sprea x
rli. log and broad, bifid nearly to the base; anther-crest large, suborbicular.

I7. K. macrochlamys, Baker; stemless, leaves lanceolate petioled,

flowers white, staminodes orbicular-cuneate, lip broad cut deeply into two
orbicular lobes.

TENASSERIM, Parish, . : -3 i

Leaves 4-5 by 1 in., acute, narrowed gradually into a channelled petiole 2- Mg
long. Cluster of flowers shortly peduncled ; outer bracts 2 in., the SoPoll cse .
brown, Corolla-segments 3 in.; staminodes a little longer than ie MAN
ments; lip 1 in, broad, bifid half way down, yellow and pilose below; a f a plant
ovate, entire.— Described from a sketch and notes made by Prof, Oliver of a p
that flowered in Kew in May, 1871.

18. K. linearis, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind.cd. Wall. & Carey, i. 205 leafy
stem elongate, leaves sessile lanceolate acuminate, flowers white sor whitish
alfaslong again as the bracts, corolla-segments linear-ot e arginate.
staminodes oblong-cuneate, Jip broad cuneate entire or slightly emarg .
Monolophus linearis, Wall. Cat. 6592; Horan. Prodr. 22.

EASTERN HIMALAYA, AssAM, SILHET and the Knasra HILLS, alt. 2-8500 E os
Annual, root-fibres slender. Stem simple; slender, erect, 4- sile or shortly
ascending, membranous, green, 3-4 by LA in. Spikes 1-2, sessi Corolla-
peduncled, 1-2.fld.; outer bract 1-14 in., lanceolate, acuminate, green.
tube 11-9 in,

; segments j-j in.; staminodes as long as the corolla-segments ; lip

hri 1 in. long and broad, tinged with yellow at the throat; anther-crest large,
orbicular,

ile
19. K. sikkimensis, King mss.; leafy stem elongate, leaves sessi
lanceolate-acuminate, corolla-tuhe twice as long as the bract, segments

Ht oblong dark lilac, staminodes white orbicular cuneate, lip suborbicular
White entire,

Sikkim and Doors HIMALAYA, King, Elwes. ; d
„ems slender, 2-4 in, long. Leares reaching 2-3 in. long, betont Wad
Spike Solitary ; 1-flowered, its base hidden in the sheath of the uppermos ;

green, + in, long. Corolla-tube slender, an inch long; segments } in. long.—Very
Rear K, linearis.

. i.19:
2). K. secunda, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Wall. & Carey, i.19;
leafy stem Produced, leaves sessile oblong acute, flowers white or red, corolla-
segments linear-oblong, staminodes oblong-cuneate, lip broad c Wall
tightly emarginats. Bot. Mag. t. 6999. Monolophus secundus, .
at. 6591; Horan. Prodr. 22. .

SIEX IM HIMALAYA, Assam, SILHET, the Kmasia HILLS and TENASSERIM,
wait ‘ee + 3-4 by 1 in. (or more),
membranes, Leafy stem 6-9 in., slender, simple. Leaves 3-4 by

À ; , -braet 1-1} in.,

reen, ascending, acuminate. Spikes l-4; outer |

"bong lanceolate, green, moderately firm. Calyx much shorter than the pract.
lla-tube 14-2 in.; segments }-} in., greenish, membranous;

H t
ly longer than ts; lip 1 in. or more broad; anther-cres
large, ovate an the corolla-segments ; lip

Jj

a KX. parvula, King. mss.; leafy stem produced, leaves petioled

a acute, flowers small white solitary in the axil of a large folded
ong firm green bract.

Matay PENINSULA; Goping, King’s Collector,

224 CXLIX. SCITAMINEZ. (J. G. Baker.) [ Kempferia.

Habit of K. secunda. Leafy stem 3—tin., bearing 3-7 distinctly -petioled oblique
oblong acute moderately firm glabrous leaves 1-2 in. long. Bract 1 in., terminal,
solitary, shortly peduncled. Corolla-tube very slender, much shorter than the
bract.

Subgen. IV. Stachyanthesis, Benth. Leafy stem produced.
Flowers many in a terminal spike. Jip bifid; anther-crest quadrate
entire.

22. KX. scaposa, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii. 642. Hedychium scaposum
Nimmo in Grah. Cat. Pl. Bomb. 205; Wall. in Kew Journ. Bot. v. (1853),
375. Monolophus scaposus, Dalz. in Kew Journ. Bot. ii. (1850), 143; Dalz.
& Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 273; Wight Ic. t. 2080; Horan. Prodr. 22.

CoNCAN ; on the banks of rivulets, Graham, &c. !

Rootstock tuberous, oblique; root-fibres long, slender. Leaves 12 by 2-3 in.,
oblong-lanceolate, acute, green above, paler and pubescent beneath, narrowed into a
deeply channelled petiole. Spike 3-6 in., moderately dense; peduncle long, slender,
naked ; bracts 1-1} in., oblong-lanceolate, persistent, green. — Calyz loosely sheathing
the corolla-tube, above 1 in., minutely toothed. Corolla-tube slender, 2-3 n»
segments short, lanceolate ; staminodes oblong, white, as long as the corolla segments,
shorter than the broad bifid lip, which is above an inch long. Capsule obovoid, red,
pubescent, the size of a sparrow’s egg.

9. HITCHENTA, Wall.

Habit and inflorescence of Curcuma, but bracts subcoriaceous. Calyz
short, minutely toothed. Corol/a-tube slender, much longer than the calyx;
segments oblong or lanceolate, subequal. Lateral staminodes petaloid,
free from the filiform filament; lip orbicular or cuneate; filament narrow
as long as the lip; anther-cells marginal on the broad connective, not
crested. Ovary 3-celled; ovules many, superposed; style filiform, stigma
turbinate. Capsule oblong-trigonous, finally dehiscing. Seeds ovoid,
arillate.—All Indian.

1, H. glauca, Wall. in Trans. Med. Phys. Soc. Calcutt. vii. 219;
bracts all with flowers, corolla-tube twice the length of the bract, segments
oblong, staminodes as long as the corolla-segments, lip ovate, filament
short. Horan. Prodr. 24. Curcuma glaucophylla, Wall. Cat. 6594;
Grah. Cat. Pl. Bomb. 210.

Burma, Wallich.

Rootstock bearing only small tubers at the end of long slender fibres. Stem
3—4 ft. Leaves oblanceolate-oblong, 1 ft. or more by 4-5 in., narrowed gradually '
from the middle to the base. Spike 5-6 in. ; bracts crowded, orbicular-cuneate,
1-1} in., upper third spreading. Flowers white; corolla-tube 2 in.; segments
small, oblong, concave; expanded flower 1 in. diam. S/íaminodes as long 3$ the
corolla-segments ; lip ovate, not clawed, acute, obscurely emarginate ; stamen 2$
long as the corolla-segments.

2. H. caulina, Baker; upper bracts empty and enlarged, corolla-
tube half as long again as the bract, segments ovate, staminodes as long
as the corolla-segments, lip orbicular, filament very short. Curcuma
caulina, Grah. in Cat. Pl. Bomb. 210; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 975;
Lisboa in Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. ii. 140, with fig.

The Concan ; abundant on the table-land of Mahableshwur.

Rootstock ovoid, white inside, bearing large oblong tubers at the end of long

Hitchenia.} CXLIX. SCITAMINEX, (J. G. Baker.) 225

fibres. Leafy stem 3-4 ft. Leaves oblong, 1-14 ft. by 5-6 in., narrowed to the
base, often tinged red-brown. Spike à ft.; bracts 1 in., green, obovate-cuneate,
spreading in the upper third, those of the coma longer, whitish. Flowers yellow ;
corolla-tube slender, 1} in. ; expanded limb 1 in. diam. ; staminodes oblong, } in. ;
lip + in. diam., deeply bitid ; stamen shorter than the corolla-segments.

3. H. Careyana, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii. 643; bracts all flowering,
corolla-tube little longer than the bract, segments linear, staminodes
minute, lip cuneate with a long claw, filament long. Curcuma Careyana,
Wall. Cat. 6595,

Eastern HIMALAYA, subtropical region. KHasiA HILLS, ASSAM, Cacuar,
Suet and Manipur,

Bien 4 ft. Leaves oblong, 1-2 ft. by 4-5 in., narrowed gradually from the

middle to the base, Spike 6-8 in.; bracts 1-1} in., closely imbricate, obovate-
Die, squarrose ; bracteoles 1 in., lanceolate. Flowers purple; corolla-segments
è m.; staminodes minute, obovate-cuneate, emargiuate; lip $ in., cuneate, with a
ong claw and a small bifid cusp; filiform filament iin. Capsule small, green,
oolong -trigonous.—Resembles H. glauca in habit, but differs so much in structure
that probably it should form a different genus.

IMPERFECTLY KNOWN SPECIES.
Ge H. MUSACEA, Baker; stemless, leaves like Musa in texture, 14 ft. by 6-8 in.,
ong, base rounded, petiole as long as the blade, spike central, peduncle 3 ft. long,
vith li-l} Jn. orbicular coriaceous slightly squarrose each several-fld., flowers
ered and imperfect. Curcuma musacea, Wall. Cat. 6596.—Singapore, Wallich.
a, Griffith, Maingay.

10. HEDYCHIUM, Konig.

do oofatoc] horizontal, tuberous; root-fibres not much thickened. Stem
seat, leafy. Leaves distichous, oblong or lanceolate. Flowers sub-
Cal ty Orin terminal spikes ; bracts oblong, subcoriaceous, one- or more-fld.
Mul tubular, 3-dentate. Corolla-tube long, slender; segments linear,
narro, Spreading. Lateral staminodes linear or oblong-cuneate ; filament
s anther-cells contiguous, connective not produced; lip large, bifid.
nig celled 5 ovules many, superposed; style long, filiform, stigma
à Ose. Capsule globose, 3-valved. Seeds many, small, aril lacerated.

à and Malay Islands.

te” L Gandasulium, Horan. Stamen never much longer than

~

* Le
aves more or less pubescent beneath.

l. H. corona ro = 79. o
9 rium, Kænig in Retz Obs. ii. 73; leaves oblong or
tagane eolate, spike dlense-fld., bracts large oblong imbricate 3—4-fld.,
ip bro white or tinged with yellow, staminodes oblong or oblong-lanceolate,
longer th shallowly bifid distinctly clawed, stamen as long as or rather
Ea, yy, u the lip. Roxb, in Asiat. Res. xi. 325 ; Hort. Beng. 1; Fl. Ind. 1.10;
Plt, s. ` & Carey, i, 9; Rose. in Trans. Linn. Soc. viii. 343, t. 20, f. 6 ; Scit.
dw, i 56 Bot. Mag. t. 708; Smith Exot. Fl. ii. t. 107; Blume Enum. Fl.
The, 5 Wight Ic. t. 2010; Wail. Cat. 6539, in Kew Journ. v. (1853), 325 ;
Candas 919. H. spicatum, Lodd. Bot. Cat. t. 653, not of Hamilt. H.
do ii Um, Prophetæ and album, Herb. Hamilt.—Hedychium, Grif.

Ki E 419 (the 2nd species.)—Rumph. Amboin. t. 69, fig. 3. o

226 CXLIX. SCITAMINEZ. (J. G. Baker.) [ Hedychium,

Throughout India from the HIMALAYAS to CEYLON and MALACCA, ascending to
4000 ft. in the Khasia Hills, and 6000 ft. in Ceylon.—DrsTR15.— Malay Islands. |

Rootstock 1 in. thick. Stem 4-6 ft. Leares often above a foot by 3-5 in,
usually pubescent beneath. Spike 1-1 ft. ; outer bracts 13-2 by 1 in., at first green,
brown in age. Caly green, cylindric, shorter than the bract. Flowers fragrant,
in the type pure white or tinged with yellow. —Corolla-tube 3 in. ; segments linear,
reflexing, half as long as the tube; lateral staminodes 13-2 in. by about 5 10.5 lip
14-2 in. broad, narrowed suddenly to a short claw, short lobes rounded ; filament
red; anther about A in. Capsule oblong, glabrous, orange inside. Seeds with a
crimson aril.

Var. H. CHRYSOLEUCUM, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4516 (sp.); lip white with a large
yellow patch in the centre. Lindl. & Post, Fl. Gard. 1.110, t. 77.

Var. H. MAXIMUM, Rosc. Scit. Pl. t. 52 (sp.); leafy stem taller than in the types
flowers pure white larger, staminodes $—1 in. broad, lip 2-24 in. broad. Lindl. ia
Bot, Reg. t. 1022; Horan. Prodr. 24.

Var. H. FLAVESCENS, Carey in Rosc. Scit. Pl. t. 50 (sp.); stature of the i
flowers sulphur yellow. Wight Ic. t. 2008-9; H. flavum, Bot. Mag. t. 2378 (not o
t. 3039). H. sulphureum, Wail. mss.

Var. H. vRoPHYLLUM, Lodd. Bot. Cat. t. 1785 (sp.); stature of the type
flowers bright yellow. Horan. Prodr. 24.

Var. H. Step, Roxb. Hort. Beng.1; Fl. Ind.i. 19 (sp); dwarfer than sto
type, flowers smaller bright yellow. Rose. Scit. PL. t. 49 ; Bot. Mag. t. 3039 ; Lodd. 24.
Cat t. 604; Wall. Cat. 6542 ; Kew Journ. Bot. v. (1853), 326; Horan. Prodr 25.

2. H. Elwesii, Baker; leaves oblong nearly glabrous beneath, spiko
dense-fld, bracts large oblong 4-5-fld., calyx shorter than the bract,

flowers bright yellow, staminodes lip linear, broad shallowly bifid, stamen
as long as the lip. i

KuasrA HILLS ; Bishop’s fall, near Shillong, alt. 4000 ft., Elwes. alis
Leaves 1 ft. or more, by 3 in. Spike } ft. ; bracts green, subcoriacéous, 2-2; ^
rather diverging, not so closely imbricate as in H. coronarium. Corolla-tube 23 KN
segments above 1 in.; staminodes resembling the segments in size and shape; :
1 in. broad, narrowed suddenly to a broad claw ; filament bright red ; anther line
3 in.—May be an extreme form of H. coronarium.

3. H. marginatum, Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxv. 75, t a
leaves oblong-lanceolate very hairy beneath, spike short dense-fld., bra
oblong imbrieated 1-fld., flowers yellow, staminodes linear, lip un
cuneate distinctly clawed shallowly bifid, stamen rather longer than
lp.

Naca HILLS; Kohima, alt. 4500 ft. Clarke ; Griffith (5680), without locality, o

Leaves 1 ft. by 13-2 in., pale beneath. Spike 3-4 in.; bracts 13-2 1n» P hairs
firm as in H. coronarium, glabrous, with a pale horny margin and a tuft of io
at the tip. Coins lin. Corolla-tube twice as long as the calyx; segments ] m

: e `
staminodes resembling the corolla-segments in size and shape; lip 1 in. long; em
long, blade 1-3 in. broad.

4. H. venustum, Wight Ic. t. 2019; leaves oblong-lanceolate near
glabrous beneath, spike lax-fld. often cernuous, bracts small 1-fld., flore ;
whitish, calyx exceeding the bract, staminodes linear, lip narrow n
deeply bifid distinctly clawed, stamen shorter than the lip. Wall. ™
Journ. Bot. v. (1852), 328. H. cernuum, Wight Ic. t. 2011.

Ninouini HILLS, Wight.

` . . us
Leaves 1 ft. by 3-4 in., obscurely pubescent beneath. Spike 6-9 in» eer

Hedychium.] CXLIX. SCITAMINEX. (J. G. Baker.) 227

or erect ; bract thin, at most 1 in., glabrous, rolled round the calyx. Calyx 14 in.

Corolla-tube 2 in.; segments 11 in.; staminodes as long as the corolla-
segments; lip rather longer than the staminodes, cut down below the middle into
two acute segments ; anther linear. Capsule subglobose, pubescent.

* Leaves quite glabrous beneath.

5. H. spicatum, Hamilt. ex Smith in Rees Cyclop. xvii. No. 3;
leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, spike dense-fid., bracts large oblong
l-fd., calyx shorter than the bract, flowers white, staminodes lanceolate,
p cuneate deeply bifid, stamen rather shorter than the lip. Rose. Scit. Pl,

48; Hook. Exot. Flora, t. 46; Bot. Mag. t. 2300; Royle IUl. 357; Wall.
Cat. 6553; in Kew Journ. v. (1853), 3828; Horan. Prodr. 24.

SUBTROPICAL Himataya; Nepan, Wallich. KUMAON, alt. 5000-7000 ft.,
Royle, Strachey § Winterbottom. .
, eaves reaching 1 ft. or more, very variable in breadth, glabrous. Spike some-
times 1 ft.; bracts oblong, obtuse, green, 1-1} in. by $ in. broad, flowers ascending
and closely imbricate in the type. Corolla-tube 2-24 in.; segments 1 in., linear;
gie l in., lanceolate; lip 1—3 in. broad, not at all clawed, lobes 2 rounded;
ament pale red ; anther linear, 4-Lin. Capsule glabrous, globose.

Var. TRILOBUM, Wall, in Kew Journ. v. (1853) 328; spike laxer, bracts narrower
cavolate round the calyx, corolla-segments staminodes and lip longer, the latter
"at, we tooth between the two lobes. H. trilobum, Wall. Cat. 6554.—Nepal,

Var. ACUMINATUM, Wall. in Kew Journ. l. c.; leaves glabrous beneath, spike
nh. and flowers fewer, bracts convolute round the calyx, flowers white or
t © yellow, tube, corolla-segments staminodes and clawed lip longer than in the
Ye, stamen about half as long as the lip. H. acuminatum, Rosc. Scit. Pl. t. 47 ;

béi t. 2969; Lodd. Bot. Cat. t. 1795.—Kumaon to Sikkim, ascending to

i; Var, KHASIANUM, Clarke; like the last, but leaves pubescent beneath.—Khasia
ills, Clarke, ? ,

H. flavescens, Lodd. Bot. Cat. t. 723 (not of Carey) and H., Sieboldii, Wall. in
Flow Qu V. 371 (H. flavescens, Lindl. in Hort. Soc. Journ. vii. 281, & Paxt.
Probabl ard. ni. 164, tig. 311, H. Roxburghii, Siebold in Hort. Soc. Journ. l. c.) are

H y varieties of this Species. .
ee cornutum, Wall. mss., is a monstrous form, with two stamens, each with a

erect spur at the base of the anther.

as H. densiflorum, Wall, Cat, 6552 ; Kew Journ. (1853) v. 368 ; leaves
mp, P Pike long moderately dense-fld., bracts small oblong 1-fld., calyx
"wal than the bract, flowers small bright yellow, staminodes lanceolate,

p, orate deeply bifid, stamen as long as the lip. Horan. Prodr. 25.

EM D
Colectores J HTIMALAYA 5 Nepat, Wallich ; SIKKIM, alt. 6000-8000 ft. Griffiths
bra wr 1 ft. by 4-5 in, labrous beneath. Spike sessile, sometimes 1 ft. ;
(aj long, 271 in., rolled tightly round the calyx. Calyx cylindric, abont 1 in.
h mde 1-14 in, ; segments linear, reflexing, under 1 in.; staminodes lanoeo-
fly * lin. ; lip about 1 in., not clawed ; stamen just exceeding the staminodes ;
» anther linear,

li (ath; Ji Macrostemium, Horan. Stamen much longer than the
èr longer in gr Grifithianum).
: Lip
l

in el ipticuma PA or 2-partite, lobes or segments narrow (lip emarg inate

Q 2

238 CXLIX. SCITAMINE X, (J. G. Baker.) [ Hedychium.

+ Leaves glabrous beneath.

7. H. crassifolium, Baker; leaves oblong-lanceolate subcoriaceous,
bracts short oblong 1-fld., calyx twice as long as the bract, flowers bright
yellow, calyx-segments very long, staminodes lanceolate half as long as
the corolla-segments, lip narrow long clawed bipartite segments narrow,
stamen twice as long as the lip.

PERAK, in dense jungle, on trees, King’s Collector. .

Epiphytic; leafy stem 15-20 in. Leaves under 1 ft. 11-2 in. broad, glabrous
firmer in texture than in any other species, narrowed gradually from the middle to
the base. Bracts green, glabrous, E in. rolled tightly round the calyx. Corolla-
tube 3 An. longer than the calyx; segments linear-convolute, 2 in. long ; staminodes
and lip about 1 in. ; filament bright red, 2 in. ; anther large, linear.

8. H. longicornutum, Griff. ss. ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, spike
short dense-fld. oblong, bracts oblong hairy imbricate 1-fld., calyx longer
than the bract, corolla-segments much longer than the oblanceolate
staminodes, lip bipartite, segments narrow, stamen twice as long as the
ip.

Matacca, Griffith, Maingay.

Epiphytic. Stem slender, 1-11 ft. Leaves 1 ft. by 2-21 in., thin, narrowed
gradually to the base and apex. Spike 11-2 in.; lower bracts 1 in. Calyr pr
truded, 4-1 in. beyond the bract. Corolla-tube protruded } in. beyond the calyx;
segments bright red, 13-2 in. ; staminodes half as long as the corolla-segments ; lip

a little shorter than the staminodes; stamens as long as the corolla -segments ;
anther linear.

9. H. Gomezianum, Wall. Cat. 6543, in Kew Journ. v. (1899) 368;
leaves long lanceolate, spike dense-fld. curved, bracts 1-fld. cylindric, calyx
longer than the bract, flowers white, staminodes linear, lip narrow CA
bipartite, segments narrow, stamen much longer than the lip. Horor.
Prodr. 25. Hedychium, Griff. Notul. iii. 419, first species.

Tavoy, Gomez; TENASSERIM, Griffith. . pore

Epiphytie, gland-dotted. Leafy stem 1 ft. or more. Leaves sometimes a
1 ft., 2-3 in. broad, narrowed gradually from the middle to the base. Spike cern
3-4 in.; bracts glabrous, rolled tightly round the calyx. Calyx twice as long Lie?
bract. Corolla-tube a little longer than the calyx; segments linear, lin. whi :
staminodes rather shorter than the corolla-segments; lip white; filament 1i ">?
anther linear, orange yellow.

m T. Oe

10. H. ellipticum, Hamilt. ex Smith in Rees, Cyclop. xvi Bus

leaves oblong, spike short dense-fld., bracts oblong imbricate 1-fld., eum

as long as the bract, flowers white, staminodes linear, lip narrow ungue

late faintly bifid, stamen twice as long as the lip. Rose. Scit. PI. t. 25

Bot. Cat. t. 1881 ;. Wall. in Kew Journ. v. (1853) 327; Horan. Prodr. 9^
H. fastigiatum, Wall. Cat. 6340. l

000 eae HIMALAYA, from GARWHAL, SIKKIM, and Knasta His: alt. 2000-
5000 ft. A
Leaves 4-1 ft. by 3-5 in. Spike very dense, 3-4 in.; bracts bright green, abon

yn
wee,
thet

lin. Corolla-tube twice as long as the bract ; segments 1 in., linear; stan
rather shorter and broader than the corolla-segments ; lip oblong, distinctly cl
shorter than the staminodes, only emarginate at the apex; filament 13-2 in.; 20
linear, orange yellow,

1l. H. villosum, Wail. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 12; in Kew Jm" E

Hedychium] ^— OXLIX. scrrAMINES. (J. G. Baker.) 229

(1853) 329 ; Cat. 6545 A, B; leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, spike long
dense-fid., bracts oblong very hairy often 2-3-fd., calyx longer than the

t, lowers white, staminodes linear, lip narrow clawed bipartite seg-
ments narrow, stamen twice as long as the lip, anther small sagittate.
Rose Seit, Pl, t. 94; Horan. Prodr. 25.

Au, Stuer, Assam, KHASIA Hrs MUNIPUR, alt. 4000-6000 ft.
Leaves sometimes l ft, 2-4 in. broad, glabrous beneath. Spike il n.
Very stout and hairy ; bracts pale green, j-lin. Calyx aboutlj in. Corolla-
tube longer than the calyx; segments linear, 1-1} in.; staminodes like the corolla-
“suents; lip 1 in. or more; filament 13-2 in., bright red; anther much shorter
m any other species, :
Var, TENUIFLORUM, Wall. Cat. 6516 C.; flowers much smaller than in the type,
la-segments staminodes and lip à in.—Assam, Silhet and Khasia.

tt Leaves more or less pubescent beneath.

12. H. aureum, Clarke & Mann mss.; dwarf, leaves small thin lan-
^u late, spike short dense-fld. oblong, bracts 1-fld. wrapped tightly round
* calyx, ealyx ag long as the bract, flowers very small golden yellow,
ie linear, lip narrow cuneate deeply bifid segments narrow, stamen
as long again as the lip.

Nouueny Kuasta Hiris; alt. 5000-6000 ft., Clarke, Mann. —
fa Piphytie ; leafy stem short, slender. Leaves 6-8 by 1-1} in., slightly pubescent
mug > tapering gradually to a long point. Spike 14-2 in.; bracts cylin dric,
™ glabrous, 3 in, Calyx about as long as the bract. Corolla-tube i-i in.;
note linear, 3-2 in.; staminodes as long as the corolla-segments ; lip 3-3 in.
Be, rowed gradually to a short claw; filament as long as thelip; anther
» in. Capsule globose, glabrous, the size of a pea.

c H. gracile, Roxb, Hort, Beng.; Fl. Ind. i. 14; Cor. PL iii.
S; leaves oblong-lanceolate, spike long moderately dense-fld.,
bns, aà wrapped tightly round the calyx, calyx longer than the bract,
t Mall greenish white, staminodes linear, lip oblong-cuneate 2-par-
Su pP ens narrow, stamen half as long again as the lip. Wall. Cat.
UU Kew Journ, v. (1853) 367, in part.
ip HILLS and CHITTAGONG, Rowburgh, Wallich.
lunt. stem 2-3 ft. Teares 5-6 by 14-2 in., thin, caudate, finely pubescent
litle j^ Spike 2-4 in.; bracts } in., green, cylindric, thin, glabrous. Calyx a
nger than the bract. Corolla-tube 1 in., very slender; segments linear,
M ong as the tube; staminodes very narrow, shorter than the corolla-seg-
tloboge Da ie distinctly clawed ; filament 1 in., bright red; anther linear. Capsule
Var glabrous, the size of a pea, : lit
;] ` SLAUCU M, Rosc. Scit. Pl.t. 53 (sp.) More robust and larger in all its
, caves glabrous and glaucous beneath ; spike often 6-9 in. 3 bracts 4 in.; parts
o er half as long again as in the type. H. gracile, Wall. Cat. 6516 "M
Bhotay i” V. 367, in part; Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 6038.—Khasia Hills,
end Sikkim, alt, 3000-8000 ft.

bc Griffithianum, Wall. in Kew Journ. v. (1853), 369; leaves

hallin. 5 Spike lax-fid., bracts l-Hd. cylindric, calyx longer than lin

"e the bract, flowers white or pale yellow, staminodes linear, T

ey trow clawed bipartite, segments narrow, stamen rather longer than
P. Horan, Prodr. 25.

HASIA H
Ze: ILIS, alt. 45000 ft., Gri th, Hook. f. & Thoms. ` .
Saves Sometimes aboye 1 ft. d 3 igi booa d, wk? above with glandular lines,

230 CXLIX. SCITAMINEE. (J. G. Baker.) [ Hedychium.

finely pilose beneath. Spike 6-9 in. ; bracts 1-14 in., rolled tightly round the calya,
calyx and corolla glandular. Corolla-tube 2-3 in. ; segments 1 in., linear. Stam-
nodes nearly as long as the corolla-segments ; lip 1 in, long; filament bright red,
1-14 in. ; anther large, linear. Capsule globose, glabrous, § in. diam.— Nearly
allied to H. spicatum,

Var. glanduligerum, Clarke. Leaves glabrous beneath. Whole plant especially
the flower very glandular.— Khasia Hills.

15. H. thyrsiforme, Hamilt. ex. Smith in Rees Cyclop. xiii. No. 4;
leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, spike dense-fld. oblong, bracts cylindric
1-üd., calyx not longer than the bract, flowers white, staminodes linear,
lip narrow clawed 2-partite, segments narrow, stamen twice as long as the
lip. Wall. Cat. 6541; in Kew Journ. v. (1853), 327 ; Rose. Scit. Pl. t. 56;
Horan. Prodr. 25. H. heteromallum, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 761.
H. Tocucho, Herb. Hamilt.

TRoPiCAL HIMALAYA; from Kumaon to SIKKIM, alt. 2-4000 ft., and
CHITTAGONG.

Leaf sometimes 1 ft., 3-4 in. broad, finely pilose beneath. Spike very dense,
3-6 in. ; lower empty bracts ovate; flower-bracts cylindric, green, 14 in. Corolla-
tube not much longer than the bract ; segments 1 in., linear; staminodes as long as
the corolla-segments ; lip as long, distinctly clawed, usually cut about half way down
into two linear-oblong segments ; filament whitish, 14-2 in.; anther linear.

** Lip cuneate or obovate.

16. H. Hookeri, Clarke mss.; dwarf, leaves short oblong, spike
short oblong, bracts oblong imbricate 1-fld., calyx shorter than the brach
flowers very small sulphur-yellow, staminodes oblong-cuneate, lip obovate-
clawed bifid, stamen twice as long as the lip.

Kuasta Hirs, alt. 4-5000 ft., Hook. f. kr Thomson. Assam, Griffith.

Leafy stem slender, 1-1} ft. Leaves 5-6 by 2 in., thin, glabrous, caudate, base
cuneate, Spike 1-2 in., resembling that of Globba bulbifera, few-fld. ; bracts 3 Ma
oblong, laxly imbricate, green, glabrous. Calyx } in. Corolla-tube a little longer
than the calyx ; segments linear, § in. ; staminodes as long as the corolla-seginents i
lip nearly as long, distinctly clawed; filament 3-} in.; anther j in. Capsi
globose, glabrous, 3 in. diam.

17. H. Gardnerianum, Rosc. Scit. Pl. t. 62; tall, leaves oblong
white pulveralent beneath, spike long moderately dense-íld., bracts large
oblong 1-2-fld., calyx not longer than the bract, flowers bright, lemon-y ellow,
staminodes oblanceolate, lip obovate-cuneate, tip 2-fid or 2-3-toothed, stamen
twice as long as the lip. Wall. in Kew Journ. v. (1853), 369 (excl. syns:
vars.); Bot. Reg. t. 774; Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 6913 (exel. syns.); Horan.
Prodr. 25; Reichb. Exot. t. 183; Gard. Chron. 1875, i. 461, figs- 92, 9;
Mart. Fl. Bras. ii. p. 3, t. 9.

EASTERN HIMALAYA ; Nepal, Sikkim, and the Kuasia HILLs, alt. 4-8000 f
Leafy stem 5-6 tt. Leaves 1-1} ft. by 4-6 in., white pulverulent beneath,
are the young bracts and rachis of the spike. Spike 1-14 Ët: bracts 14-2 tbe
rolled tightly round the flowers, glabrous. Corolla-tube a little longer than t
bract; segments greenish, reflexing, 1-1} in. Stamdnodes above 1 in. yaa M
broad ; lip lin. or more, 4-3 in. broad, narrowed gradually to a short claw ; filame?

bright red, 2.25 in.; anther linear, j-1 in. Capsule-valves ovate, orange”
within, persistent, $ in. Seeds brownish-crimson. Li
Var. H. PALLIDUM, Kegel in Trans. Russ. Hort. Soc. 1864, t. 153 (sp-). d

narrower, more distinctly clawed and distinctly bifid. Horan, Prodr. 25.—Khas
J. D. H.

Hedychium] ` ous, scrraminex. (J. G. Baker.) 231

18. H. speciosum, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind Ed. Carey § Wall. i. 13;
Cat. 6550; Pl. As. Rar. iii. 51, t. 285; leaves oblong-lanceolate, spike long
moderately dense-fld, bracts large oblong 1-2-fld., flowers pale sulphur-
yellow, staminodes linear, lip oblong-cuneate entire, stamen twice the
length of the lip. H. Gardnerianum, Wall. in Kew Journ. v. (1853) 369, in
part, Gamochilus, Lestid. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2, xv. 341.

SILHET, Gomez. .

Leaves above ] ft., 3-4 in. broad, glabrous beneath. Spike 1-1 ft.; lower
bracts 14 in., 2 in. broad, Calyx cylindric, about as long as the bract. Corolla~
tube 2 in, ; segments linear, 1 in. ; staminodes longer than the segments; lip not
clawed, 1 in, by 4 in. broad; filament bright red, twice as long as the lip; anther
hear, yellow, 11 in,

19. H. steno etalum, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1902; very tall, leaves
oblong very hairy beneath. spike long lax or moderately dense-fid., bracts
arge oblong often 2-fld., flowers pure white, staminodes oblanceolate, lip
p'ong-cuneate bifid, stamen twice as long as the lip. H. barbatum, E
Cat, 6544, H. coccineum 8, in part, Wall. in Kew Journ. v. (1853), 373.
H. elatum, Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxv. 75. H. elatum var. orgyale,
Horan, Prodr, 95.

Assam, Kaastra, the Naga HirLs, and Nort# Burma, alt. 1500-3000 ft. b

The tallest species. Leares sometimes 2 ft. by 5-6 in., very hairy all over be-
neath, Spike 1 ft. or more, rachis very stout; bracts rigid, often 2 in. by Yin.
Calyx Shorter than and corolla-tube scarcely longer than the bract. Corolla-
Quent linear, 14 in.; staminodes shorter than the corolla-segments; lip pure

Wo lin., narrowed gradually into a short claw; filament pale, 11-2 in.; anther
near, yellow, Y in,

= Lip orbicular,

lances R. coccineum, Hamilt. ex Smith in Rees Cyclop. pe 2 d leaves
not ate, spike long moderately dense-fld., bracts oblong 1-2-fld., o d. a
an onger than the bract, flowers small bright crimson, stamingdes
twice late, lip orbicular distinctly clawed deeply bifid, stamen more irte:
e SP long as the lip. Wall. in Kew Journ. v. (1853), 372, ex par d
7; po. Pl. t. 58; Wall. Cat, 6518; Reichb. Io. Exot. t. 184; Royle Ill
i Roxb, FL. Ind. edit. Wall, A Carey, i. 82, in note.
pen and EASTERN HIMALAYA, common (under one or other form).
lve P).
eaves 1 ft, or ; . ase rather rounded, narrowed gradually from
" middle to the point. Spike Tey bracts green, 1-1} in. Corolla-tube SN
lr: he braet ; Segments 1 in., linear, reflexing ; staminodes under , rr
e ty 3 lip above } in. and broad; filament 1j in.; anther linear, 4-3 10.
ype was described and drawn from a plant in the Calcutta Garden, ,
wie Roscozt, Wail. mss, (sp.). Staminodes bright red; lip dull brick red.
* coccineum, Lindl. in Bot, Reg. t. 1209. . bright
crimson gi, OUARROSUM, Buch. Hamilt, mss. (sp.) ; less robust with smaper prn
gustifoli awers and very long glabrous leaves often not above 1 m. roa art non
Rosh o» Wall. Cat. 6547 ; in Kew. Journ. v. ( 1853) 371, in greater puo tt.
Ceylon. ?mmon in the Eastern Himalaya, Khasia, and Upper Burma, alt.

e H. TONGIPOLIUM, Rose, Scit, Pl. t. 59 (sp-); flowers bright crimson, leaves
Va trow pubescent beneath.—Same range as the last variety . 251: FL Ind
` ANGUSTIFOLIUM, Eech, Hort. Beng. 1; Cor. Pl. iii. 248,t. 251; Fl

232 CXLIX. SCITAMINEZX. (J. G. Baker.) [ Hedychium.

i. 13; leaves not so long and narrow as in the two last, spike shorter, flowers dull
brick red or salmon-red often 3—4 in a fascicle, lip obovate-cuneate less deeply
bifid under 2 in. and broad. Rose. Scit. Pl. t. 60; Bot. Mag. t. 2078; Kern. Hort.
t. 807.—Chittagong and Silhet, always at low levels. 2.

Var. H. CARNEUM, Rose. Seit, Pl. t. 57 (sp.) ; leaves 13-2 in., flowers white tinged
with pale red, lip orbicular j-$ in. long and broad, filament pale red 11-2 in. Bot.
Mag. t. 2637; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 693.

21. H. aurantiacum, Wall. Cat. 6551 ; leaves long lanceolate, spike
long moderately dense-fld., bracts oblong often 2-3-fld., calyx not longer
than the bract, flowers bright orange-yellow, staminodes lanceolate, ID
orbicular distinctly clawed deeply bifid, stamen more than twice as jong as
the lip. Rose. Scit. Pl. t. 39. H. Gardnerianum, var. y, Wall. in "t
Journ. v. (1853), 369; Savi Fl. Ital. iii. t. 112. H. angustifolium, Bol.
Reg. t. 157.

Kumaon and NEPAL, alt. 5000 ft. or more. th

Leaves 1-1} ft. by 2-3 in., narrowed gradually to the base, glabrous benea l
Spike 4-1 ft. ; bracts oblong, green, glabrous, 1-14 in. Corolla-tube not ote
longer than the bract; segments linear, 1 in. or more; staminodes as long as t
corolla.segments ; lip shorter than the staminodes, about as broad as long ; filamen

pale bright red ; anther linear, yellow, 3 in.—The affinity is stronger with some forms
of coccineum than with Gardnerianum.

22. H. luteum, Herb. Calcut. ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, spike er
dense-fld., bracts oblong closely imbricate, flowers lemon-yellow, coro?
tube twice as long as the bract, staminodes lanceolate, lip orbicular bi
distinetly clawed, stamen half as long again as the lip.

ASSAM, Oldham. der
Intermediate between H. flavum E aurantiacum. Stem slender. Leaves Un
lft. Bracts broad, green, lin. Corolla-tube 2 in.; segments linear, pale "ee:
above 1 in. ; lip under 1 in. broad, uniform yellow throughout, narrowed suddenly

a short claw.— Described from a drawing in the Calcutta collection.

23. H. gratum, Wall. ex Voigt. Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 570 eu
only); leaves long lanceolate, spike dense-fld., bracts large oblong, coro i
tube much longer than the bract, flowers whitish, staminodes oblong, H
orbicular clawed deeply emarginate, stamen a little longer than the hp.

Kunasa Hrs, Wallich. po LB:

Leafy stem long and stout. Leaves above 1 ft., 3 in. broad. Spike a the
bracts 2-3 in. Corolla-segments linear, 1} in. ; staminodes 1 in., narrowed to "
base ; lip 1 in. broad, narrowed suddenly to a short claw.—Ditters from cocove

A d ; he
by its whitish flowers and shorter stamens. Described from a drawing 10 t
Calcutta collection.

24. H. elatum, Br. in Bot. Reg. t. 526; leaves large oblong
spike long moderately dense-fld., bracts oblong 1-2-fld. moderately lar
calyx as long as the bract, flower white tinged with red, staminodes 9

lanceolate, lip orbicular clawed bifid, stamen twice as long as the 56;
Rosc. Seit. Pl. t. 63; Wall. Cat. 6549 A, B; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. SO?
Reichb. Fl. Exot. t. 270; Horan. Prodr. 96. H. coccineum, var. P, War
in Kew Journ. v. (1853), 373, in part.

SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA ; from Kumaon to SIKKIM, alt, about 5000 ft. pis

Leaf above 1 ft., 3-4 in. broad, glabrous beneath. Spike 1 ft. or more, i lla-
very stout ; bracts oblong, 1-1} in., } in. broad. Calyx cylindric, 1-14 in. Coro
tube a little longer than the bract; segments linear, 1} in. ; staminodes 1-14

9
Hedychium.] CXLIX. SCITAMINEÆ®. (J. G. Baker.) 233

distinctly clawed ; lip rounded at the base to a distinct claw, ¢-1 in. broad, white,
with a patch of dull red in the centre; filament pale red, 2 in. "h n dried from
i-i in.—This and H. aurantiacum are so difficult to distinguish W | citi z several
some of the forms of coccinexm, that I have purposely abstained from citing

of Wallich’s numbers.

1l. AMOMUM, Lina.

Rootstock perennial, widely creeping. Leafy stem elongate. ege
usually oblong-lanceolate. Spikes dense-fid., except in § Cen i, dne 3-
duced direct from the rootstock ; bracts imbricate. Calyx » ni upper
dentate. Corolla-tube cylindric ; segments oblong or linear-ob Sch n LP .
often broader and more convex. Lateral staminodes 0 or lls divaricate
lip broad or lingulate; filament short, arcuate ; anther-ce . 3-celled `
sometimes hairy, often furnished with a petaloid crest. d subclobose or
ovules many, superposed ; style filiform, stigma sma A hiscing irregu-
arger and gibbous on the back. Fruit indehiscent or de isel ` AN
arly, sometimes beaked, winged or echinate. Seeds globose
Species about 150, in the tropics of the Old World.

Secr. T. Geanthus, Reinw. (gen.). Spike radieal. Lip broad.
Anther not, crested. (Sp. 1—4.)

LA, sramineum, Wall. Cat. 6558; leaves small thin lanceolate
pubescent beneath, spike small globose, peduncle very short, oute
anceolate, lip small. i
T D
. Stem éi 23 ft. Leaves6 by 1 in. Spike 1 in.; bracts 1-4 in. wit
m., Corolla-tube rather longer than the calyx; segments } in. linear-oblong; lip
rather longer than the corolla-segments. Anther-cells short, glabrous.

iii ; blong-

2. A. floribundum, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii. 644; leaves o ong

lanceolate glabrous beneath, spike globose, peduncle long proot, outer br acts
8€ orbicular, lip small obovate. Elettaria floribunda, Thw. .

CEYLON ; forests in the Ambagamowa district. . ;oled
Leafy stem 3-6 ft. or more, E'peaves subcoriaceous, 18724 by 35 e rond
"uncle 1-1} ft. ; bract-leaves sheathing, obtuse. Spike ond Glow ers pale
wets very numerous ; bracts dark red, outer 1} in. long an n horter thau the
ochraceous yellow. Corolla tube € in.; segments and lip much sho
ruit small, oblong, smooth.

T Ae H long-
3. A. nemorale, Benth. in Gen. Plant. ii. 644; leaves oblong
laneechrte wlan beneath, spike small globose, peduncle very Wa
outer bracts ovate obtuse, lip small orbicular 3-lobed. e

Talis, Thw, Enum. 3]«

Crryroy. fo : : Corles. .

; forests in the Reigam and Pasdoon Cor : Spike l-
inner ) peduncle decumbent, shorter than the spike; bracts g obl wm obtuse. Lip
ew lanceolate. Corolla-tube under 1 in., segments short, oblong,

ow,

Piously veined w i i apsule globose, } in.
b oPpious] i ; midlobe smaller, bifid. Capsu
shortly beaked, y veined with purple; mi ’

4. A. involucratum, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii. 644; leaves large
on ong-lanceolate glabrous beneath, spike globose, peduncle TL S bovate
wer tacts very large obovate overtopping the flowers, lip sma
‘ually 3-lobed. Elettaria involucrata, Than, Enum. 319.

234 OXLIX. SCITAMINER. (J. G. Baker.) [Amomum.

CEYLON ; damp forests of the central province, alt, 4000-6000 ft. .

Leafy stem 6-10 ft. or more. Leaves thin, 13-3 ft. by 4-7 in. Spike 2-3 in. long
and broad ; flowers very numerous ; bracts bright red, outer 3 in. ; inner lanceolate,
1} in. Corolla-tube as long as the inner bracts; segments oblong, obtuse. Lip
pale ochraceous yellow. Capsule 1} in., ovoid-trigonous, smooth.

Sect. II. Achasma, Grif. (gen.. Spike radical. Lip narrow,
margins incurved. Anther not crested.

* Lip not, or hardly longer than the corolla-segments.

5. A. Fenzlii, Kurz in Journ. Beng. As. Soc. xlv. pt. ii. 154, t. 12;
leaves lanceolate glabrous beneath, spike globose, peduncle short erect,
bracts ovate densely ciliated, lip not longer than the corolla-segments.

NICOBAR ISLANDS, Kurz.

Leafy stem 6-7 ft. Leaves thin, 2-8 ft. by 24-3 in., green and glabrous on both
surfaces, Spike very dense-fld., 2 in, diam.; peduncle 6 in., its bract-leaves largo
oblong ; outer bracts very large, ovate ; inner 1 in., pale red, back glabrous, margin
densely-matted with whitish tomentum. Corolla-tube } in. ; segments 1 in. linear,
pale red. Lip 1 in., red, with white inflexed margins. Fruit obovoid, 1 in. Seeds
obovoid, black; aril white. `

6. A. araneosum, Baker; spike oblong, peduncle very short, bract
ovate densely matted on the edge, lip rather longer than the corolla-
segments.

TENASSERIM, Grifith, Helfer (Hook. f. & Thoms. Herb. Ind. Or. 4.).

Leaves unknown. Spike oblong, 2 in.; peduncle 2-3 in., bract-leaves large,
crowded, ovate ; outer bracts large, ovate, backs glabrous, margins densely matte
with whitish cottony tomentum ; inner lingulate, 1} in. Corolla as long 9$ the
inner bracts. Anther-cells glabrous.—Nearly allied to A. Fenzlii.

7. A. stenoglossum, Baker; leaves lanceolate glabrous beneath,
spike globose, peduncle longer than spike, outer bracts large oblong acute
glabrous, lip not much longer than the corolla segments.

Perak, alt. 500-1000 ft., King’s Collector. :

Leafy stem 8-12 ft. Leaves 2 ft. or more, by 2 in. Spike globose, 3 5
central bracts 13-2 in.; peduncle 4-5 in., bract-leaves 1 in., rigid, oblong, obtuse.
Corolla-tube 13 in. ; segments shorter. 4nther-cells } in. glabrous, linear.

** Lip much longer than the corolla-segments.
t Spike globose.

8. A. spherocephalum, Baker; leaves large oblong-lanceolate
glabrous beneath, spike globose shortly peduncled, outer bracts oblong-
lanceolate glabrous, lip much longer than the corolla-segments.

PENANG, Maingay (Kew Distrib, 1581).

Leafy stem long, robust. Leaves subcoriaceous, 14-2 ft., by 3—4 in, Spikes Ir
2 in. long and broad; outer bracts 14 in., inner 1 iu., lingulate, glabrous. Caly?
cylindric, shortly 3-toothed, bearded at tbe apex. Corolla-tube 1 in.; segments
oblong, obtuse. Lip deep crimson, } in., bifid 4 of its length, incurved marg™®
white. Anther truncate.

.9. A. metriocheilos, Baker; leaves lanceolate glabrous beneath
spike globose shortly peduncled, outer bracts oblong-lanceolate glabrous

lip twice as long as the corolla-segments. Achasma metriocheilos, 67%
Notul. iii. 427; Ic. Plant. Asiat. t. 356.

Amomum.] OXLIX. SCITAMINEEZ. (J. G. Baker.) 235

Maxacoa, Griffith (Kew Distrib., 5798). PENANG, on Government Hill, Curtis,
1530,

Leaves 1-13 ft. by 1j in., bright green. Spike 2 in. long and broad; peduncle
arcuate, as long as the spike; outer bracts bright red, 1} in. ; inner as long, lingu-
late. Calyx 1 in. spathaceous, cylindric; teeth minute, densely pilose. Corolla-
tube as long as the calyx; segments 1 in. oblong, glabrous. Lip scarlet, with a
small obovate tip, and margins incurved more than half way up. <Anther-cells
glabrous.—A closely-allied plant from Perak (King’s Collector, 2933) has stems 12-
15 ft. and leaves 3 ft. by 4-5 in.

10, A. Maingayi, Baker ; leaves lanceolate glabrous beneath, spike
globose, peduncle long erect, bracts glabrous outer orbicular, lip twice as
long as the corolla-segments.

Matacca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1586). .

Rootstock slender, woody. Leaves thin, 12 or more by 2 in., narrowed very
gradually to the base, Spike many-fld., 13-2 in. long and broad ; peduncle 12 in. ;
bract-leaves several distant obtuse small; outer bracts 1 in. orbicular; inner lingu-
late. Calys 1 in.; segments linear-lanceolate, as long as the tube. Lip 1 in.,
"ie to an obtuse tip. Filament connate with the lip nearly to the top; anther-
cells hairy. Fruit bright red, neither ribbed nor echinate.

tt Spike oblong.

ll. A. macrocheilos, Baker; spike oblong shortly peduncled, outer
bracts large oblong acute glabrous, lip more than twice as long as the
corolla-segments bifid, margins ot the lower third incurved. Achasma
macrocheilos, Griff. Notul. iii. 429 ; Ic. Plant. Asiat. t. 357.

Maracca, Griffith. . .

aves unknown, Spike 3 in. ; peduncle 2 in., bract-leaves small, ovate, imbri-
cate; outer bracts brownish, 2-2, in. Calyx cylindric, spathaceous, as long as the
corolla-tube, Corolla-segments linear-oblong, above 1 in. ; upper broader. Flower
greenish red. Lip 24 in.; upper half linear, deeply bifid. Anther glabrous, deeply
‘marginate,

12. A. costatum, Benth. im Gen. Plant. iii. 644; leaves oblong-
lanceolate pubescent beneath, spike oblong shortly peduncled, outer bracts
“blong-lanceolate glabrous, lip twice as long as the corolla-segments.

pma costata, Roxb. Corom. Pi. t. 259. A. Cardamomum medium,

orb. Fl. Ind. i. 74. E. costata, Horan. Prodr. 31; Elettaria media,

nk ex Horan, Cardamomum medium, Schult. Mant. i. 244.

HastERN TROPICAL IMA ; Silhet, Roxburgh. .

Rootstock iim. dian. Leafy, Ven stout, 5-6 tt. Leaves 2-3 ft. by 3-4 in.
Ke 2-3 in. ; peduncle as long as the spike; outer bracts pink, 1 in. Corolla-
lin e 2 "D cylindric; segments obtuse, half as long as the tube. Lp in eflexed,
si gu ate, red-yellow, tip entire, flat in the upper half, margins be ow the »

ghtly meurved, Fruit } in., ovoid, strongly ribbed, smooth. Seeds many, obovoid,
neate acrid, aromatic, brownish,

lant A. linguiforme, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii. 644; leaves oblong-
r ceolate glabrous beneath, spike oblong few-fld. shortly peduncle > oll r
Niege ovate whitish glabrous, lip more than twice as long as we coro n
trenta. Alpinia linguiforme, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 75; Pl. ai en
de Elettaria linguiformis, Schult, Mant. i. 24; Horan. Prodr. `
ASTERN HIMALAYA, ical region, Sikkim, J. D. H. Kuasia Huis
Worl. J. § Thoms. Herb. Ind. Or, 10), King. Bew@at, Roxburgh,
“zome stout, copiously stoloniferous. Leafy stem 4-6 ft. Leaves thin,

236 CXLIX. SCITAMINE®. (J. G. Baker.) [Amomum.

1-14 ft. by 3-5 in. Spikes about 3 in.; peduncle as long or shorter ; inner bracts
lanceolate, pink, 2-24 in. Corodla-tube cylindric, 2 in.; segments oblong, bright
red, half as long as the tube. Lip bright yellow, deflexed, above 2 in. long, bitid,
margins below the middle incnrved. Stamen shorter than the corolla-segments.
Ovary hairy.

14. A. gomphocheilos, Baker; leaves large lanceolate glabrous
beneath, spike oblong shortly-peduncled, outer bracts oblong-lanceolate
large glabrous, lip twice as long as the corolla-segments, tip cuneate.

PERAK, King’s Collector, 1897. :

Leafy stem 12 ft. Leaves 2-8 ft. by 3 in. Spike 3 in.; outer bracts 2 in.
Corolla-tube 2 in. ; segments linear-oblong, under 1 in. Lip twice as long as the
corolla-segments, with a cuneate-clawed tip, margins incurved to the tip of the
corolla-segments. Anther emarginate ; cells glabrous, tips much divaricated.

15. A. megalocheilos, Baker; leaves oblong-lanceolate, spike
oblong very shortly peduncled, outer bracts ovate glabrous, lip more than
twiee as long as the corolla-segments tip obovate. Achasma megalo-
cheilos, Griff. Notul. ii. 426 ; Ic. Plant. Asiat. t. 355.

Matacca ; foot of Mount Ophir, Grifith. .

Leafy stem stout, 12-16 ft. Spike 3-4 in.; outer bracts 1j-2 in. Calyx
spathaceous, cylindric, above 2 in. long; teeth small, lanceolate. Corolla-tube as
long as the calyx; segments 1 in., linear-oblong. Lip 3 in., bright red ; margins of
the lower half incurved, yellow. Anther-cells glabrous, tip emarginate.

Sect. III. Hornstedtia, Retz. (gen.) (Donacodes, Blume; Steno-
chasma, Griff.). Spike radical. Lip narrow, margins incurved. Anther
crested.

16. A. macrodus, Scortech. in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. xviii. 909,
t. 12; leaves oblong-lanceolate, spike small subglobose shortly peduncled,
braets small ovate-lanceolate, lip not longer than the corolla-segments
oblong margins involute, anther-crest small truncate.

MALAY PENINSULA; Kinta, Scortechini. .

Leafy stem slender, 2 ft. Leaves caudate, 6-8 by 2-3 in. Spike 1 in. diam. ;
bracts red, glabrous, j in. Calyx spathaceous, À in. Corolla-tube half as long
again as the calyx ;.segments oblong, i in. Lip bifid, tip yellow, purple insit?

towards the base; small staminodes developed ; anther-crest entire; cells parallel,
glabrous.

l7. A. rubro-luteum, Baker; leaves lanceolate glabrous beneath,
spike globose sessile, outer bracts ovate glabrous, lip much longer than
the corolla-segments.

Maracca, Maingay (Kew Distrib., 1588).

Leaves about 1 tt. by 2 in. Spike 2 in.; outer bracts 1} in., pink j upwards.
Corolla-tube 1} in. ; segments linear-oblong, subequal. Lip lingulate, deeply cle

at the tip, bright crimson, ineurved margins yellow. Filament shortly produce
beyond the anther.

18. A. Leonurus, Konig in Retz. Obs. lii. 69; leaves oblong-
lanceolate glabrous beneath, spike cylindrie subsessile, outer bracts larg?
ovate pubescent, lip not longer than the corolla-segments. Hornstedtia

Leonurus, Retz. Obs. vi. 18. Stenochasma convoluta, Griff. Notul. iii. 430 5
Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 359.

Amomum.] CXLIX. SCITAMINEX. (J. G. Baker.) 237

Maracca, Kænig ; dense woods at Rhim, Griffith.

Leafy stem 6 ft. or more. Leaves above 1 ft. Spike 3-4 in., 1 in. diam. ; outer
bracts 1} in., ovate, acute, rigid, reddish-green. Corolla-tube 8 in.; segments
linear, red, half as long as the tube. Lip with an obtuse rigid point and sides, in-
volute in the lower third. Anther-cells hispid; crest small, emarginate. Capsule
large, oblong-trigonous.

19. A. scyphiferum, Keænig in Retz. Obs. iii. 68; leaves oblong-
lanceolate pubescent beneath, spike oblong shortly peduncled, outer
bracts large suborbicular rigid reticulated, lip as long as the corolla-
segments. Hornstedtia Scyphus, Retz. Obs. vi. 18. Stenochasma urceolare,
Griff. Notul, iii. 431; Te. Plant. Asiat. t. 358.

Matacca, Kenig, Griffith, Maingay (Kew Distrib., 1582). SINGAPORE, Ridley.

Leafy stem 10-12 ft. Leaves 11-3 ft. by 4-6 in. Spike 4 in., 2 in. diam. ;
central bracts 2 in., rigid, tip rounded, vertical ribs raised and connected by
tomentose cross veinlets, ^ Coro//a-tube 2 in. ; segments shorter, linear-oblong. Lip
bright red, concave to the tip, base auriculate. -Anther-cells pilose ; crest orbicular-
oblong, Capsule 1 in., oblong-trigonous.

90. A. trior gyale, Baker; leaves oblong-lanceolate pubescent
beneath, spike oblong subsessile, outer bracts large suborbicular not
reticulated, lip as long as the corolla-segments.
PERAK, King’s Collector. i
_ Nearly Allied to A. seyphiferum, Leafy stem 20 ft. Leaves above 2 ft. by 6 in.,
distinctly petioled. Spike like that of A. scyphiferum, but the bracts less rigid and
the close vertical ribs not connected by raised pubescent cross-veinlets, Corolla-tuhe

11-5 segments and lip shorter than the tube.

e Nes IV. Euamomum, Benth. Spike radical. Lip broad. Anther
Tested,

* Anther-crest entire or crenate.
t Anther-crest lunate.

21. A. Koenigii, Baker; leaves oblong, spike ovate-oblong shortly
Peduncled, outer bracts obtuse, lip 3-lobed bifid longer than the corolla-
«coments, anther-crest semilunar. Amomum, No. 57, Kenig in Retz. Obs.
Wok Meistera, Giseke Prel. Linn. 205.

ast of TENASSERIM : is Junk Seylan, Kenig.

Leafy stem 6-7 ft. Outer bracts dich eymbiform, as long as the corolla-tube.
Corolla-segments obovate, subequal, white. Lip white, broader than the corolla-
Segments ; central lobe small ; anther-crest white.—I have seen no specimen.

2. A. acumina ` 317; 1 oblong-lanceolate
` tum, Thw. Enum. 317; leaves g ola
caudate glabrous beneath, spike globose shortly peduncled, bracts small

ee E acute, lip broad 3-lobed longer than the corolla-segments, anther-
Crest semilunar.

CEYLON. Ratn i
; hatnapoora, at a low elevation. . .
rootstock wide-creeping. Leafy stem 2-4 ft. Leaves 5-6 by 1} in. shortly
Viel, Spike 1-1} in. ; bracts under 1 in. Lip yellow tinged with red; centra

ob :
e emarginate ; anther-cells ciliate ; crest crenulate.

23. A fulvi -Janceolate glabrous
We ceps, Thw. Enum. 317 ; leaves oblong-la g
neath, spike globose, peduncle moderately long, bracts oblong pubescent,

lip 3-lobed not longer than the corolla-segments, anther-crest scmilunar.

238 CXLIX. SOITAMINE&. (J. G. Baker.) [Amomum.

CEYLON; Raxawa, in the central province, Thwaites, Walker. (Hook. LA
Thoms. Herb. Ind. Or. 11.) . .

Leafy stem 6-8 ft. and more. Leaves subcoriaceous, 1-2 ft. by 24-3 in. Spike
very dense, 21-3 in. diam. ; bracts dark red, 1-14 in., persistently pubescent. Corolla-
tube 1} in.; segments oblong, a third the length of the tube. Lip pale yellow.
Anth. r-cells pilose.

24. A. masticatorium, Thw. Enum. 317 ; leaves lanceolate glabrous
beneath, spike globose shortly peduncled, bracts small obovate pubescent,
lip broad 3-lobed, anther-crest semilunar, capsule small globose echinate.

CEYLON ; common in the forests of the central province up to 4000 ft. :

Rootstock slender. Leafy stem 6-8 ft. Leaves sessile, 1 ft. or more by 1-1; in.
Spikes 1} in. long and broad; peduncle 2-3 in ; bract-leaves many, small, scariose
oblong ; bracts under 1 in., ciliate. Corolla-tube hairy, as long as the bract ; seg-
ments oblong, obtuse. Lip orbicular, dotted with red, bidentate at the base. Cap-
sule $ in, diam., greenish-black.—Rootstock a native condiment.

tt Anther-crest orbicular or transversely oblong.

25. A. pauciflorum, Baker; spike sessile 1-2 fld., bracts oblong-
lanceolate, lip orbicular-clawed longer than the corolla-segments, anther-
crest small transversely oblong entire.

Kuasra HILLS; near Nunklow, Hook. f. j^ Thoms. (Herb. Ind. Or. 1).

Rootstock slender. Leafy stem unknown. Spikes several from one rootstock ;
bracts 1-1} in., several, pinkish, membranous. Corolla-tube 14 in. ; segments liv.
oblong, obtuse, white. Lip 14-2 in., blade crisped orbicular, narrowed suddenly
to a broad claw, with a yellowish middle, and radiating red veins; anther-cells
glabrous, parallel.

26. A. corynostachyum, Wall. Pl. Asiat. Rar. i. 48 t. 58; Cat.
6561; leaves oblong-lanceolate glabrous beneath, spike globose, peduncle
moderately long, outer bracts oblong, lip small broad obscurely 3-lobed,
anther-crest orbicular.

Sikkim HIMALAYA, Kurz. ManTABAN, Wallich. PEGU, Kurz.

Leafy stem 3-4 ft. Leaves 1-14 ft. by 2-3 in. Spike 14 in diam. ; peduncle
1-1 ft., bract-leaves obtuse and imbricate; outer bracts 1 in. oblong navicular, pale
brown; inner oblanceolate, obtuse. Corolla-tube under 1 in.; segments oblong,
shorter than the tube. Lip under lin. suborbicular, white, tinged with yellow m the
middle; filament very short; anther-cells glabrous ; crest white, entire, petaloid.

27. A. graminifolium, Thw. Enum. 430; leaves linear glabrous
beneath, spike globose shortly peduncled, outer bracts oblong glabrous, lip
obovate truncate longer than the corolla-segments, anther-crest large
orbienlar entire.

CEYLON ; abundant in the Singherajah forest. ,

Rootstock slender. Leafy stem 3—4 ft. or more. Leaves about 12 in. under 1 m.
broad, firm, linear, very acuminate. Spike few-fld. ; peduncle 1-2 in., brach)
many, small, oblong, scariose, brown; bracts 1 in. Corolla-tube as long as e
bracts; segments obtuse, half as long as the tube. Lip 1 in.; anther-cells
glabrous, 4 in.; crest as long as the cells.

28. A. ciliatum; Baker; leaves lanceolate pubescent beneath, spike
oblong shortly peduncled, bracts oblong pubescent densely ciliate, lip shor
broad, anther crest transversely oblong. A. fulviceps B, Thw. Enum. 317.

CEYLON; Reigam Corle, Thwaites, 3704. "a

Leaves 12 by 15-2 in., sessile, caudate. Spike 11-2 in. diam. ; peduncle.3-4 m. 5

Amomum.] CXLIX. SCITAMINEJ. (J. G. Baker.) 239

bracts 1 in., dark coloured, back pubescent and densely ciliated with whitish hairs.
Corolla-tube much shorter than in A. fulviceps; segments } in. oblong.

29. A. microstephanum, Baker; leaves large lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate pubescent beneath, spike globose shortly peduncled, outer bracts
oblong glabrous, lip obovate longer than the corolla-segments, anther-cre
small orbicular, capsule 9-costate.

Concan, Stocks; near Chandwar (planted), Ritchie. (Hook.f. § Thoms. Herb.
KH 4 ft. Leaves 11-2 ft. by 2-4 in., densely softly pubescent beneath,
pike 2 in.; outer bracts 1-1} in. Corolla-tube 1l in.; segmen ` lin ar
oblong, half as long as the tube. Flower white. Lip lin. ; anther-cells glabrous,

iin.

! 3557; olate glabrous,
30. A. xanthioides, Wall. Cat. 6557; leaves lanceo )
spike globose shortly peduncled, outer bracts small oblong, lip pooh care
ifid longer than the corolla-segments, anther-crest short broa ,
Capsule echinate,

Tavor, Gomez. TENASSERIM, Parish. . ike Lin.
Leafy stem 5-6 ft. Leaves 1-13 ft. by 13-3 in., firm, bright green. , Spike Tin,
few-fd. ; Peduncle arcuate, slender, 2-3 in.; outer bracts 3-4 in., bicular blade i-
Corolla -tube under 1 in. ; segments oblong, 3-3 in. Lip with an il d on each side.
in. broad, narrowed suddenly to a broad claw ; anther-crest ee " allied plant
psule rigid, oblong-trigonous, pale brown, under 1 in. long.— ft. 1 " and much
from Perak (King’s Collector, 1839) with robust leafy stems 12 ft. long «

. ii ty for
longer leaves, is doubtless a distinct species, but the materials are too scanty
escription,

Ht Anther-crest subquadrate or truncate.

" ike
3l. A. littorale, Kenig in Retz Obs. iii. 52 ; leaves oblong, Spl
globose, peduncle very short puter bracts orbicular, lip broad emarginate,
anther-crest truncate emarginate.

Coast op TFNASSERIM ; island of Yunk Seylan, Kænig.

, “eafy stem taller than a man Leaves 1 ft. Outer bracts als per eret.
Inner linear-lanceolate, white; tip ciliate. Corolla-segments unequal ; Wu margins
oblong ; lower lanceolate, approximate. Jip cordate, bright Capsule oblong-
“sped ; recurved lip bidentate ; stamen half as long as the lip. Capsu

Tonon T have seen no specimens.

i blong-
32. A. dealbatum, Roxb. FI. Ind. i. 43; leaves large oblong
lanceolate pale and pubescent beneath, spike globose short-peduncled,
outer bracts ovate, lip large obovate emarginate. anther -Cres Prodr. 30.
Mattate entire, capsule-ribs winged. Wall. Cat. 6556; Horan. .

Eastern HIMALAYAS; SIKKIM, Knasra HILLS, SILAET, EASTERN BENGAL and
"Tree, (Hk. f. & Thoms. Herb. Ind. Or. 5.) Roxburgh, &c. bove, whitish

“uly stem A3 ft. Leaves 2-3 ft. by 4-6 in., bright green d ove, whitish
beneath, Spike 2 in. diam.. peduncle very short; outer bracts ph Lin
Corolla-tube lin; segments oblong, obtuse, white, as long as the ating mei
x ins cuneate, Vin. white with a yellow line down the centre an . raga M
veins, Anther-crest small subquadrate. Capsule globose, reddish, in ANM
Romp 8° crenulate vertical ribs.—Nearly allied to the Malayan A.
a Ni A. SERICEUM Roxb. Fl. Ind.i. 46 (sp.); leaves silvery white beneath,
Der o , . . (

1 c Thoms,
rest larger, capsule ovoid.—Sikkim, Khasia and Cachar. (Hk. f. & Tho:
erb, Ind, Or, 6.).

240 OXLIX. SCITAMINEX. (J. G. Baker.) [Amomum.

33. A. hypoleucum, Thw. Enum. 318; leaves large oblong-lanceo-
late silvery beneath, spike 1-3-fld., peduncle very short, bracts oblong
membranous, lip broad longer than the corolla-segments, anther-crest
subquadrate crenate, capsule 9-ribbed.

CEYLON; damp forests of the central province, up to 4000 ft. .

Rootstock slender. Leafy stem stout, 4-5 ft. Leaves 14-2 ft. by 3-5 in., per-
sistently silky beneath, petiole 3 in. Spikes many to a rootstock ; bracts 1}-2 in.
Corolla-tube as long as the bracts ; segments 1 in., oblong, white, subequal ; lip
orbicular-cuneate, 14 in., entire, white with a yellow disk tinged with red. Capsule
1 in. globose, red.

34. A. canneecarpum, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii. 644; leaves oblong-
lanceolate glabrous, spike oblong nearly sessile, outer bracts oblong-
lanceolate, lip broad not longer than the corolla-segments, anther-crest
short truncate, capsule globose echinate. Elettaria cannzcarpa, Wight Te.
t. 2007.

NILGHIRI HILLS; Wight, Gardner. mM

Leafy stem 4-6 ft. Leaf 12 by 21 in. Spike 3 in.; outer bracts 1-14 in., tips
deep pink, paler below. Corolla-tube 14 in.; segments oblong, half as long, the
upper broader ; lip obovate, yellow, emarginate ; filament short ; anther-cells parallel,
glabrous; crest very small, entire. Capsule rigid, 1 in. diam. Seeds angled.—
Wight’s description and figure do not agree with one another, and neither is quite
accurate.

35. A. subulatum, Roz). Cor. Pl. t. 277; Fl. Ind. i. 44; leaves
oblong-lanceolate glabrous beneath, spike globose shortly peduncled, outer
bracts obtuse with a horny cusp, lip obovate-cuneate emarginate, anther-
crest small trancate, capsule echinate. Horan. Prodr. 29.

EASTERN HIMALAYAS ; Rogburgh.

Leafy stem 3-4 ft. Leaves 1-2 ft. by 3-4 in. green, glabrous on both surfaces.
Spike very dense, shortly peduneled, 2-3 in.; bracts red-brown, outer 1 in., ovate,
inner shorter and obtuse. Calyx and corolla-tube 1 in. ; segments sobtuse, shortet
than the tube; upper cuspidate. Lip yellowish white, rather longer than the corolla-
segments. Filament very short; anther-crest entire. Capsule 1 in., globose, Te’
brown, densely echinate.

** Anther-crest 3—4-lobed.
t Spike 2-3-fld.

36. A. biflorum, Jack in Mal. Misc. i. 2; leaves oblong-lanceolate
glabrous except the midrib, spike 2-fld. peduncled, bracts lanceolate, lip
obovate white with a yellow centre, anther-crest 3-lobed. Hook. Bot.
Misc. i. 274.

PENANG, Jack. 1

Rootstock not thicker than a goose-quill, Leafy stem 3 ft. Peduncle envelope
in bracteal sheaths ; bracts reddish; bracteole half as long as the calyx. Corolla
white, segments subequal. Lip white, tip rounded.—Not seen.

37. A. elatterioides, Baker; leaves oblong-lanceolate softly pubes-
cent beneath, spike sessile 2-fid., bracts lanceolate, corolla-tube 1008
slender, lip broad longer than the corolla-segments, anther-crest 3-lobed.—
Amomum sp. Griff. Notul. ii. 417.

Maracca, Griffith, Kew Distrib. 5753, Maingay (K. d. 1573.)
Rootstock slender. Leafy stem 2-2} ft. Leaves 9-12 by 1j-2 in. Spikes many

Amomum.) OXLIX. SCITAMINFE. (J.G. Baker.) 241

to a rootstock; bracts 1 in., reddish, membranous. Corolla-tube 2 in., very
slender; segments } in., linear-oblong, membranous. Lip white, subcochleate, twice
as long as the corolla-segments, with a broad yellow central band with a reddish
border ; anther-crest large, petaloid.

tt Spike many-fld., oblong.

38. A. Kingii, Baker; leaves oblong-lanceolate, spike oblong pedun-
cled, bracts ovate, lip small broad emarginate, anther-crest obscurely
*-lobed, fruit neither costate nor echinate.

Sixxm HIMALAYA; King. . .

Leafy stem stout. Leaves above a foot long, 3-4 in. broad. Spike 4-5 in.;
bracts pale brown, 1-1} in.; peduncle as long as the spike. Corolla-tube 1 in. ;
fegments oblong, obtuse, nearly as long as the tube. Lip } in. broad, white tinged

vith yellow, obscurely 3-lobed, narrowed suddenly to a broad claw; stamen shorter
than the lip. Capsule globose, 1 in. diam.

3. A. uliginosum, Kenig in Retz Obs. iii. 56; leaves oblong
glabrous, spike peduncled, outer bracts oblong, lip broad emarginate
margins rounded ascending, anther-crest 4-lobed, capsule globose echinate.

urtbainia, Giseke Præl. Linn. 206.

Matay PENINSULA; Raput Nok, Konig. .

Rootstock filiform, Leafy stem 3-4 A Leaves scarcely 1 ft. Spike distant

m the leaves; bracts oblong, membranous, subrigid, white. Corolla-segments
White ; Upper oblong, obtuse; lateral lanceolate. Lip with a rigid claw and a
*ecurvato-ascending cymbiform blade.— Descript. from Kanig, l. c.

tht Spike globose,

40. A. xanthophlebium, Baker; leaves lanceolate glabrous, spike
g Seet shortly peduncled, outer bracts large oblong glabrous, lip broad
-lobed longer than the corolla-segments, anther-crest trifid.

Matacoa, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1585).

afy stem long, robust. Leaves above 1 ft. Spikes 2-2} in. and broad;

er de about as long; outer bracts reddish, 1} in. Corolla-tube as long as the
im t; lower segments oblong, upper broader ovate. Lip dull red, paler towards the

En, with radiating yellow veins, Anther-crest broad ; lateral lobes decurved.

i A, aromaticum, Boch, Fl. Ind. i. 45; leaves oblong-lanceolate

i lane beneath, spike globose shortly peduncled, outer bracts small ovate,

edh arge o ovate-cuneate, anther-crest trifid, fruit neither costate nor
ege Wall. Cat. 6559; Horan. Prodr. 29 ? Renealmia fasciculata,
se Seit. Pl. t. 109, Geocallis fasciculata, Horan. Prodr. 33.

wn STERN HiMALAYAs, tropical region ; NEPAL, Wallich; SIKKIM, Kwasia

M ILHET, & NORTHERN BENGAL; Roxburgh, Ze, both sides
Spike IN stem 3-4 ft, Leaves 4-1 ft. by 2-4 in., and glabrous on bot d e
bracts Po ll globose ; peduncle generally short, rarely longer and decumbent ; on h
35 the t be ovate, pale brown. Corolla-tube 1 in. ; segments obtuse, near y as long

enia e, white, tinged with brown. Lip pale yellow, twice as long bel e co NOR
lin, oblong, taint deflexed. Anther-crest large, petaloid, lobes rounded, p

» Wigonous, . .
mia fasciculata is founded on a rough drawing, probably of this species.

42. A large oblong-
lneg,," Pterocarpum, Aw. Enum. 317; leaves larg g
wn glabrous beneath, ‘spike globose shortly peduncled, outer bracts

242 OXLIX. SCITAMINEZ. (J. G. Baker.) [Amomum.

oblong glabrous, lip short broad, anther-crest short 3-lobed, capsule ovoid
9-ribbed.

CEYLON; forests of the central province, up to 4000 ft.

Leafy stem 3-6 ft. or more. Leaves thin, 1-2 ft. by 2-6 in., narrowed gradually
to the base. Flowering spike globose; bracts 1} in., deciduous and fruiting pedicels
elongating. Lip round, white, shortly bidentate at the base; disk yellow, tinged
with red. Capsule 1 in.; ribs crenulate.

43, A. Benthamianum, Trimen Cat. Ceyl. Pl. 92; leaves lanceolate
glabrous beneath, spike small globose shortly peduncled, bracts oblong
acute glabrous, lip short broad, anther-crest broad 3-lobed, capsule sm
echinate.

CEYLON ; Reigam Corle, Thwaites. ,

Rootstock slender. Leafy stem short and slender. Leaves 6-8 by 1-1j in,
shortly petioled. Spike 1 in. diam.; outer bracts greenish, 1 in. ; peduncle rather
longer than the spike. Corolla-tube 1 in.; segments oblong obtuse. Anther-crest
with 3 shallow orbicular lobes. Capsule } in diam.

44. A. aculeatum, Roch, in Asiat. Res. xi. 344, t. 6; Fl. Ind. i. 40;
leaves oblong-lanceolate glabrous beneath, spike globose shortly peduncled,
outer bracts ovate, lip broad rather longer than the corolia-segments,
anther-crest broad 3-lobed, capsule echinate, Horan. Prodr. 30.

SOUTH ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Kurz.—DistTR1B. Malay isles. :

Rootstock tuberous. Leafy stem 5-10 ft. Leaves sessile, 1-13 ft. by 2-4 m.
Spike 2 in. diam.; bracts brown, acute, 1-1} in. Corolla-tube 1 in.; segments
oblong, half as long as the tube. Lip suborbicular, pale yellow, tinged with red in
the centre. Anther-crest short, broad, equally 3-lobed. Capsule brown, rigid,
densely echinate, 1 in. under.

45. A. echinatum, Willd. Sp. Plant. i. 8; leaves lanceolate glabrous
beneath, spike globose, peduncle moderately long, bracts small oblong, lip
broad rather longer than the corolla-segments, anther-crest transversely
oblong 3-lobed, capsule globose echinate. Thw. Enum. 316 ; Horan. Prodr.

CEYLON ; forests of central province, up to 4000 ft. :

Leafy stem 6-12 ft. Leaves 1-2 ft. by 2-8 in.; caudate or acuminate, sessile.
Spike 14-2 in. diam.; peduncle stout, } ft. bright red in the lower part, its t
leaves very obtuse and imbricate; bracts 1 in., faintly pubescent, brown-black,
convex. Corolla-tube 1 in.; segments oblong, obtuse. Lip yellow, with many fine
red veins. Anther-crest short and broad, with three subequal orbicular 10
Capsule 1 in., purplish-black, with copious curved spines.

SuscEN. V. Cenolophon, Horan. (gen.). Spike terminal on the
leafy stem. (Sect. 46-48.)

46, A. rufescens, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii. 645; leaves oblong
lanceolate, spike dense-fld. globose, lip broad 3-lobed as long as the coro?
segments. Elettaria rufescens, Thw. Enum. 430.

CEYLON ; Ambagomowa district, alt. 3000 ft. d

Leafy stem 14-2 ft. Leaves 4-1 ft. by 1-2 in. moderately firm, green a”
glabrous on both surfaces. Spike small, globose, terminal, enveloped at first in à ts
green orbicular cuspidate bract ; flower-bracts obtuse, under 1 in. Corolla-segmen
oblong, obtuse; lip as long as the corolla-segments, midlobe retuse.

47. A. vitellinum, Lindl. in Journ. Hort. Soc. ii. 245; Bot. P^?

Amomum.] CXLIX. SCITAMINER. (J. G. Baker.) 243

1847, t. 52; leaves oblong, spike dense-fld. globose lip orbicular twice as
long as-the corolla-segments. Cenolophon vitellinum, Horan. Prodr. 36.

Czyton ? Hort. Chiswick.

Leafy stem slender, 2 ft. Leaves 6-8 by 3-4 in., bright green, glabrous. Spike
small, shortly peduncled; bracts green, oblong, } in. Calyx and corolla-tube about
as long as the bract ; corolla-segments linear-oblong, as long as the tube. Lip 1 in.,

base spurred, bright yellow, with red veins, Anthers with a large trifid crest ; cells
glabrous, tips diverging.

„8. A. macrostephanum, Baker; leaves lanceolate base cordate,
spike elongate, bracts deciduous, lip obovate-cuneate much longer than the
corolla-seg ments.

PERAK ; alt. 500-1000 ft., King’s Collector.

DIN stem very slender, 4-8 ft. Leaves 1-1} ft. by 2-3 in. thin, glabrous,
mandate, narrowed from the middle to the cordate base. Spike 3-4 in.; peduncle
ong, erect, enveloped in the sheath of the topmost leaf; bracts caducous. Ovary
eusely villous, Cady loosely tubular, 4 in. Corolla-tube rather longer than the

YX; segments linear-oblong. Lip lin. Filament half as long; anther glabrous ;
crest large, leafy, crisped, lacerate.

12. ZINGIBER, Adans.

la Rootstock horizontal, tuberous. Leafy stem elongated. Leaves oblong-

neeolate, clas ing the stem by their long sheaths. Spikes usually
radical, rarely lateral or terminal on the leafy stem; peduncle short
"e bracts persistent, usually single-fld. Calyx cylindric, shortly 3-
stami Corolla-tube cylindric ; segments lanceolate, upper concave. Lateral
te "nodes 0 or adnate to the obovate-cuneate lip; filament short; anther-
ovul contiguous, crest narrow, as long as the cells. Ovary 3-celled ;
Ca mal many, superposed; style filiform; stigma small, subglobose.
20, Ty e oblong, finally dehiscing. Seeds large, globose, arillate.—Species
' Topies of Old World.

Sect. T. or ; direct from the
|^ Cryptanthium, Horan. Spikes produced direct iro
"stock, very short and dense; peduncle very short.—(Sp. 1-11.)

*
Leaves more o» less pubescent beneath.

ch chrysanthum, Rose. Scit. Pl. t. 86; leaves pubescent be-
tegme bracts reen outer ovate inner lanceolate with a hairy cusp, corolla-
late e bright red, lip bright yellow deeply 3-lobed, midlobe orbicular,
ey ovate. Horan, Prodr. 97. Z. ligulatam, Wall. Cat. 6566, non

TR .
Assay CAL HIMALAYA, from Kumaon, ascending to 5500 ft., to SIKKIM and

gl Leafy stem 6-8 ft. Leaves 12 by 2-3 in., oblong-lanceolate. Spike very denie,
tube 113 ` long ; peduncle very short; inner bracts 13-2 in. broad. Corolla-
n

7 Se i , i in., unspotted; basal auricles
Species, hone iis lanceolate. Lip 1 imo wa shorter than the

ped to the top in
54, is probably a

WE ;
li of any Species, hence the lip is as broad as long. Stamen

a white. pid oblong. Seeds brown, nearly as large as a pea, wrap
form of this enous aril.—Z. rLAvESCENS, Link.; Dietr. Kp. i.
» Dut the description is very incomplete.

„2,
^ d rubens, Roxb. in Asiat. Res. xi. 348; Hort. Beng. 1;
> "fo pubescent beneath, bracts bright red outer ova

R 2

Fl. Ind.

te inner

241 cXLIX. SCITAMINEG. (J, G. Baker.) [ Zingiler.

lanceolate, corolla-segments red, lip oblong much spotted and streaked
with red on a pale ground, basal auricles small rounded. Rose. Scit, t. 95;
Horan. Prodr. 28.

Knasta HiLrs, H. f. & T. (Herb. Ind. Or. 10), Clarke. BENGAL; Rungpore,
Hamilton. .

Leafy stem stout, 6-8 ft. Leaves 12 by 4-5 in. or more. Spike vers is)
globose ; peduncle 1-4 in.; inner bracts 1} in. Coro la- tube as long as 1 e corolla-
segments 1 in., lanceolate, subequal, bright red. Lip nearly as long as t ` ts and
segments, yellowish-white, copiously spotted and streaked with minute od
lines of red-purple. Stamen as long as the lip, beak of the anther bright rec.

3. Z. roseum, Rosc. in Trans. Linn. Soc. viii. 348; Scit. Pi. ed
leaves pubescent beneath, bracts pale red outer ovate inner lances wt
corolla-segments pale red, lip oblong-cuneate whitish unspotted, ; a
auricles very small yellow rounded. Roch, in Asiat. Res. xi, 347, m
Ind. i. 50; Wall. Cat. 6570; Horan. Prodr. 28. Amomum roseum,
Roxb. Coromand, Pl. t. 126.

NORTHERN Circars, Roxburgh. Jande

Leafy stem 3-4 ft. Leaves 8-12 by 3-4 in. Spike very dense, oblong; pe Lin
very short; inner bracts 14-2 in. Corolla-tube whitish, 2 in. ; segments in
lanceolate, subequal. Lip shorter than the corolla-segments; margins recurve

crisped. Stamens arching over the lip and equalling it in length; beak as long *
the anther, as in the other species.

4. Z. Nimmonii, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. Rot. iv.(1859) 341; we
pubescent beneath, bracts red-striped linear-oblong or Janceolate, aan
segments reddish-yellow, lip yellow emarginate, basal auricles $m

rounded. Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 273; Horan. Prodr. 28, Alpinia Nm
monii, Grah. Cat. Pl. Bomb. 206.

CONCANS ; common in the mountains, Nimmo, Da/zell. Jobose ;
Leaf stem 4-5 ft. Leaves 1-1} ft., €-12 by 2-3 in. broad. Spikes subglo 2n
peduncle very short; bracts glabrous, 1-1} in. Corol/a-tube as long as the Wir size
segments lanceolate. Lip obovate-cuneate, faintly emarginate. Capsule the
of a pigeon’s egg.—Nearly allied to Z. panduratum.

9. Z. Wightianum, Thw. Enum. 315; leaves pubescent beneat
bracts green outer ovate inner lanceolate, corolla-segments pa ae es
obovate-cuneate pale yellow veined and spotted with purple, basal aur!
small ovate. Z. squarrosum, Wight Ic. t. 2004, non Roxb. in

TRAVANCORE; abundant in the Anamallay forests, &c. CEYLON; common
the forests up to 4000 ft. ‘i an oblong

Leafy stem 4-6 ft. Leaves 12-18 by 3-4 in., oblong-lanceolate. Spikes ^e
or subglobose ; peduncle very short; flower-bracts 1} in., pubescent. Coro s the
as long ss the bract; segments subequal, under 1 in. Lip nearly as long as in
corolla-segments, emarginate. Stamen shorter than the lip, arching over it, minal
the other species, Capsule 1 in.—In a specimen from Thwaites the spike is ter
on the leafy stem, thus connecting sections Cryptanthium and Dymezewiczi4-

6. Z. barbatum, Wall. Pl. Asiat. Rar. t. 55; Cat. 6567 ; pin
pubescent beneath, bracts reddish-green ovate cuspidate, corolla-segr a j
whitish, lip obovate-cuneate white emarginate, basal auricles very §
Horan. Prodr. 28.

Burma, Wallich. Preu, McClelland. . dense;

Leafy stem 2-3 ft. Leaves oblong, 6-8 by 14-2 in. Spike 13-2 in. very,

all
ovoid; peduncle very short; bracts l in., ovate with a large green Cusp, hairy

Zingiber.] CXLIX. SCITAMINEX, (J. G. Baker.) 245

over. Corolla-tube 3-1 in. ; upper segment larger than the two side ones, concave.
Lipiin. Stamen as long as the lip.

7. Z. Squarrosum, Zozrb. in Asiat. Res. xi. 948; Hort. Beng. 1;
Fl. Ind. i. 54; leaves pubescent beneath, bracts green lanceolate, tips
hooked, corolla-segments pink, lip ovate emarginate yellowish-white tipped
with lilac, basal auricles small spreading rounded. Wall. Cat. 6568;
Horan, Prodr, 28,

Burma, Roxburgh ; Prome, Wallich. Prev, F. Carey.

Leafy stem 2-3 ft. Leaves 12 by 3-4 in. Spike globose, very dense; peduncle
Very short; outer bracts short, ovate; inner about 1 in., pale green, tip distinctly
hooked. Corolla-tube 1 in. ; segments lanceolate, subequal, about as long as the
tube, Lip shorter than the corolla-segments, distinctly emarginate, margins
deflexed. Stamen nearly as long as the lip.

** Leaves glabrous beneath.

8. Z. ligulatum, Roab. in Asiat. Res. xi. 348; Hort. Beng. 1; Fl.
Ind. i. 51; Coromand. Pl. t. 253; leaves glabrous beneath, bracts pink
outer ovate inner lanceolate, corolla-segments pink, lip obovate-cuneate
yellowish-white unspotted, basal auricles small ovate. Horan. Prodr. 28.

CoROMANDEL, Roxburgh. .

Leafy stem about 2 ft. Leaves 12 by 2-3 in., oblong-lanceolate. Spike dense,
subglobose ; peduncle 2-3 in.; bracts about 1 in. Corolla-tube as long as the
bract ; segments subequal, 2 in.; lip as long as the corolla-segments, margin crisped,
mt distinctly emarginate ; basal auricles more or less acute. Stamen yellow, shorter
than the lip. Capsule oblong, 1 in. and more, bright red inside. Seeds blackish-
rown, with a nearly complete white aril.—Very near Z. roseum.

9. Ze cernuum, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. iv. (1852) 342 ; leaves
glabrous beneath, bracts yellowish-green ovate or oblong obtuse, corolla-
Segments buff-yellow, lip deeply bifid variegated pink and white, basal auri-
cles small red and yellow. Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 273; Horan. Prodr. 28.

Concan ; at Ram Ghat, Dalzell.

Heafy stem curved, bright light green, Leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate.

$ ovoid; peduncle very short. Lip beautifully coloured. Capsule smooth,
Yelowish-white, Seeds red, striated, aril membranous.

10. Z. Panduratum, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 2; Fl. Ind. i. 55; leaves
glabrous beneath, bracts red outer ovate inner lanceolate, corolla-segments
ngat red, lip obovate yellowish-white unspotted, basal auricles small
oe - Wall. Cat. 6569 ; Horan. Prodr. 28.

GU, F. Carey. Ta ez. l l
a Leafy stem 3 ft. Leaves 6-19 be 3-4 in. ; ligule very. large. Spike 2 in., very
tube 170g ; peduncle very short; inner bracts 14 in., tip not hooked. Corolla-
"7 Segments 1 in., subequal. Zip shorter than the corolla-segments,

in
y Potted, not emarginate. Stamen as long as the lip.—Nearly allied to Z. roseum
1gulatum,

ll. Z. pardocheilum, Wall. ex Voigt Hort. Suburb. Calcut. 562
(ame only); leaves glabrous beneath, bracts obovate-cuneate red-brown
lile ete» corolla-segments reddish, lip deeply 3-lobed tesselated wi

on a yellowish- white ground.
Burma, Wallich. l ,
“fy stem stout. Leaves 12 by 3-4 in., oblong-lanceolate, acute. Spikes 2-3 in,

246 CXLIX. SCITAMINEH. (J. G. Baker.) [Zingiber.

long and broad, very dense, globose, subsessile; bracts much imbricate, outer 1 in.
Corolla-tube as long as the bract; segments ovate-lanceolate, a little shorter than
the tube. Lip a little shorter than the corolla-segments ; midlobe obovate-cuneate,
lateral orbicular. Stamen as long as the lip.

Secr. II. Lampuzium, Horan. Spikes produced from the root-
stock on more or less elongated peduncles with sheathing scariose bract-
leaves.—Species 12-21.

* Leaves glabrous beneath.

12. Z. intermedium, Baker; spikes globose, bracts lanceolate,

ccrolla-segments pale red, lip orbicular reddish-black finely spotted, basal
auricles oblong.

North Kuasia HILLS; at Bhorlasa, alt. 3500 ft., Clarke.

Peduncle slender, 2-6 in. ; bract-leaves several, small, sheathing, obtuse. Spike
very dense, globose, 14-2 in.; bracts membranous, convolute, lj in. Corolla-tube
as long as the bract ; segments 1 in., lanceolate. Lip as long as the corolla-seg-
ments, Anther with a dark red beak.—Spike and bracts as in sect. Cryptanthium,
with a produced peduncle. A plant from Silhet in Herb. Wallich under Z. Cassu-
munar may be this species. An allied plant collected by Prain in the Naga bills has
oblanceolate-oblong leaves above a foot long, a slender erect peduncle as long, 20
bracts rather longer than in Clarke's plant.

13. Z. officinale, Hose. in Trans. Linn. Soc. viii. 348; Scit. Pl. t. 835
leaves lanceolate glabrous beneath, spike oblong-cylindric, bracts greenish
suborbicular cuspidate, corolla-segments greenish, lip small purplish-black,
mid-lobe orbicular, lateral ovate. Roxb. in Asiat. Res. xi. 345; Hort.
Beng. 1; Fl. Ind. i. 47; Wall. Cat. 6564; Grah. Cat. Pl. Bomb. 207 5
Horan. Prodr. 27; Bentl. & Trim. Med. Pl. t. 270. Z. Missionis, Wall
Cat. 6565. Amomum Zingiber, Linn. Sp.1; Jacq. Hort. Vind. i. t. 75.
Curcuma longifolia, Wall. Cat. 6612, in part.—Rheede Hort. Mal. Xv 21,
1.12; Rumph. Amboin. v. t. 66, fig. 1.

Widely cultivated in TROPICAL Asta; native locality unknown.

Rootstock biennial, bearing many sessile tubers. Leafy stem 3-4 ft. Leaves
6-13 by 1 in., tapering gradually to the point. Spike 2-3 by 1 in. diam. ; peduncle
i-1 ft.; bracts about lin. Corolla-segments lanceolate, subequal, under an inch
long. Lip shorter than the corolla-segments. Stamen dark purple, as long a$ the
lip.—“ Very rarely flowers, and have never seen seeds," Roxburgh.

14 Z. Griffithii, Baker; leaves oblong glabrous beneath, spikes

cylindric shortly peduncled, bracts ovate obtuse bright red, lip yellowish-

Maracca, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 5731), Main

. gay. (K.d. 1564.)
Leafy stem 2-3 ft. Leaves 6-8 by 2-3 in. Spike 4-6 in., 1 in. diam. ; peduncle
very short; bracts 1 in., lower orbicular, lin. broad. Corolla-tube as long 8? the
bract; segments obtuse, under 1 in.

15. Z. gracile, Jack. in Malay Misc. i. 1; leaves oblong-lanceolate
glabrous beneath, spike oblong-cylindric, bracts ovate acute red, flower’
yellowish-white, lip 3-lobed, midlobe bifid. Horan. Prodr. 27 ; Hook. Bo’
Misc. 1. 273.

PENANG, Jack.

_ Leaves 6-7 in., bright green. Scape a foot. Corolla-segments longer than the
lip.—No authentic specimens of Jack’s plant exist, but King’s 7954 and 1027 S. from
Perak, and Hullet's 854 from Mount Ophir are probably the same species.

Zingiber.] CXLIX. SCITAMINEX. (J. G. Baker.) 247

have a spike 6-9 in., 1 in. diam., peduncle about as long, leafy stem 2-3 ft., and a
pink capsule.

. 16. Z. Zerumbet, Smith Exot. Bot. ii. 105, t. 112; leaves oblong-
lanceolate glabrous beneath, spike oblong very dense, bracts orbicular
green, corolla-segments whitish, lip sulphur-yellow unspotted, midlobe
orbicular emarginate, basal lobes large orbicular. Rosc. in Trans. Linn.
Boc, vii. 348 ; Scit. Pl. t. 84; Rowb. in Asiat. Res. xi. 346; Hort. Beng. 1;
FL Ind. i. 48; Horan. Prodr. 27; Grah. Cat. Pl. Bomb. 207; Bot.
Mag. t. 2000; Wall. Cat. 6562; Wight Ic. t. 2003; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. 272. Z. spurium, Kenig in Retz. Obs. iii. 60. Zingiber sp., Grif. Notul.
m. 412; Ic. t. 351. Amomum Zerumbet, Linn. Sp. i. 1; Jacy. Hort. Vind.
4.1.54. A. spurium, Gmel. Syst. 1.6. A. sylvestre, Poir. Ency. Suppl.
Y. Zerumbet Zingiber, Lestib. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 2, xx. 329.—
Rheede Hort. Mal. xi. 27, t. 13 ; Rumph. Amboin. v. 148, t. 64, fig. 1.

From the Himatayas to CEYLON and the MALAY PENINSULA.—DISTRIB.
Widely cultivated in tropies of Old World.

Rootstock tuberous, biennial, pale yellow inside. Leafy stem 3-4 ft. Leaves 12
y 2-3 in. Spikes 3—4 in., l} in. diam. ; peduncle 1-1 ft.; bracts 1-1} in. long and
road, very obtuse, green with a paler edge. Corolla-tube as long as the bract ;
‘ements 1 in., upper broader, Lip with a midlobe $ in. broad. Stamen pale, as
ong as the lip, Capsule oblong, above 1 in.—I cannot from the description
distinguish Z, amaricans, Blume; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 593.

** Leaves more or less pubescent beneath.

17. Z. cylindricum, Moon Cat. Ceyl. Pl. 1; leaves oblong-lanceolate
pubescent beneath, spikes oblong-cylindric, bracts ovate pale or reddish,
corolla-segments green, lip yellowish-white unspotted obovate, basal
auricles small obtuse, Thwaites Enum, 315.

ÜzYtox; in forests of the central province. 2 dqinox

2 stem 3-6 ft. and more. Leaves 6-8by 1-2in. Spike 3-4 in., 1} in. diam. ;

uncle 3-9 in.; bract-leaves obtuse, imbricate; bracts about 1 in., closely imbricate,

Eber subacute, lowest obtuse. Corolla-tube as long as the bract; segments lan-
"Oates Capsule subglobose red. Seeds black, aril white.

18. 2. macrost j ^. Kew Journ. Bot. iv. (1852)
3 achyum, Dalz. in Hook. Kew J Jot. 1
Me mE oblong-lanceolate pubescent beneath, spike cylindrie, bracts
n. ate reddish, corolla-segments greenish-white, lip obovate yellowish-white
med with purple lines, basal auricles small. Dalz. 4 Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 273 ;
cran, Prodr, 27, Alpinia Neesana (Mesuana), Grah. Cat. Pl. Bomb. 207.

Hills of the Concan, Graham, &c.

1 nr reddish, pubescent, Leaves dark green, 12-18 by 13-3 in. Spike }-1ft.,
bracts lir] peduncle elongate, with large obtuse sheathing scariose bract-leaves ;

in C 3». Corolla-tube as long asthe bract; segments lanceolate, nearly
* Vüpsule red, pubescent, the size and shape of a sparrow’s egg.

19. Z. s . DI -lanceolate
* Spectabile, Grif. Notul. iii. 413 ; leaves oblong-lan
Mbescent beneath, spike eg oblong-cylindrie, braets orbicular sub-
in emus reddish with a pale margin, corolla-seg ments yellowish-white,
‘cular blackish-purple, basal auricles short obtuse.

ALA ; 20 EM . : t,
King’s DX th (Kew Distrib. 5762), Maingay (K. d. 1567). PERAK; Laru

*afy st : ike 1—1 ft., 23 in. diam. ;
bracts 3, 6m long and stout. Leaves 9-12 by 2-3 in. Spike 3-1 ft., 23 `
cts 1-11 in, long and broad, more coriaceous and more spreading than in the

248 CXLIX. SCITAMINEE. (J. Q. Baker.) ) [ Zingiber.

other species, resembling those of Hitchenia glauca; peduncle sometimes 1 ft.
Corolla-tube 13 in.; upper segment broader than the two others. Zip emarginate.
Stamen nearly as long as the lip. Capsule oblong. Seeds shining, black, and
9-5 partite, large, white.

20. Z. Casumunar, Boch, in Asiat. Res. xi. 347, t. 5; Hort. Beng. 2;
Fl. Ind. i. 49; leaves oblong-lanceolate pubescent beneath, spikes oblong,
bracts ovate reddish, corolla-segments whitish, lip yellowish-white with a
deeply bifid midlube, basal auricles large oblong obtuse. Rose. Scit. t.85;
Bot. Mag. t. 1426; Grah. Cat. Pl. Bomb. 207; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 272;
Horan. Prodr. 97. Z.purpureum, Rose. in Trans. Linn. Soc. viii. 348. Z.
Cliffordiæ, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 555. Z. montanum, Link. in Dietr. Sp. V
52. Amomum montanum, Kænig in Retz. Obs. iii. 51. Casumunar
Roxburghii, Colla Nov. Gen. Scit. in Comm. Taur. 1830,—Rumph. Hort.
Amboin. v. 154, tab. 65, fig. 2.

From the HrMALAYas to CEYLON and Maray PExiNsULA.—DisTRIB. Widely
cultivated only in tropical Asia. 18

Rootstock perennial, bright yellow inside, Leafy stem 4-6 ft. Leaves 12-
by 2-3 in. Spike oblong, 4-6 in., 11-2 in. diam. ; peduncle 3-12 in.; bracts
1-1} in. and nearly as broad, bright red or greenish-red. Corolla-tube as long 39.
the bract ; segments 1 in., upper broader and more concave. Lip with an orbicalar
unspotted midlobe $ in. long and broad. Stamen yellowish-white, shorter than the
lip. Capsule small, globose.—Z. Casumunar, Wall. Cat. 6563, includes three
species, none of them the true one and not in a state for description.

21. Z. Parishii, Hook. f. in. Bot. Mag. +. 6019; leaves oblong-
lanceolate pubescent beneath, spikes oblong, bracts orbicular usua y
cuspidate pale green with a red edge, corolla-segments yellowish-white
lip obovate sulphur-yellow marked with brown spots and lines, basa
auricles short obtuse.

TENASSERIM, Griffith, Parish. :

Leafy stem 3 ft. Leaces 4-6 by 1-1} in., thin, bright green. Spike 2-4 n
1} in. diam. ; peduncle 3-4 in., with obtuse oblong sheathing bract-leaves ; Wé
densely imbricate, about 1 in. broad. Corolla-segments as long as the tube, av les
lin. Lip shorter than the corolla-segments, faintly emarginate ; basal aurie

broad, truncate. Stamen pale yellow, as long as the lip; beak as long 8$ the
anther. '

__ Sect. III. Pleuranthesis, Benth. Spike peduncled arising from the
side of the leafy stem. (Sp. 22.)

22. Z. Clarkei, King, mss. ex. Benth. Gen. Plant. iii. 646.

Sixxr« HIMALAYA; alt. 3000-5000 ft., Hook. f. Thome. (Herb. Ind. Or. 9)
Clarke, King. «n. finely

Leafy stem 5-6 ft. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 12-18 by 2-4 in., Wd
pubescent beneath. Spike lateral, oblong-cylindric, 3—4 in., cernuous; pe
3-6 in.; main bracts 1 in., oblong, obtuse, green, finally reddish, 2-4-fld. Coro as
tube as long as the bract; segments 1 in., pale yellow, upper one broadest. Lip "
long as the corolla-segments, oblong, yellow flushed with purplish -brown. Se
pale yellow, nearly as long as the lip. Capsule subglobose, membranous, $00
than the bract. Seeds as large as a pea, brown ; aril small, white.

Sect. IV. Dymezewiezia, Horan. (gen). Spikes terminal on the
leafy stem. (Sp. 23, 24.)

23. Z. capitatum, Roch in Asiat. Res. xi. 348; FT. Ind. i. 593 leaves

Zingiber.] OXLIX. SCITAMINE&. (J. G. Baker.) 249

liuear ascending, bracts ovate. Rosc. Scit. PL t. 90; Wall. Cat. 6560.

ymezewiezia capitata, Horan. Prodr. 26.

CENTRAL and EASTERN HiMALAYAS, from Kumaon to SIKKIM the KHASIA
Hints & Sinner. .

Leafy stem 3-4 ft. Leaves 12-18 by 1-1} in., tapering gradually to the point,
erecto-portent, usually pubescent beneath. Spike sessile at the end of the leafy
stem, dense-fld., erect, oblong or oblong-cylindrical, 3-6 in., 14-2 in. diam. ; bracts
closely imbricate, subcoriaceous, Lt in., green with a narrow brown edge. Corolla-
tube as long as the bract ; segments 1 in., pale yellow. Lip pale yellow, unspotted,
midlobe orbicular ewarginate $ in, broad, basal auricles large, oblong, obtuse.
bright red, Capsule bright red, the size of a small olive; valves ovate, Seeds
black, shining, aril large lacerated white.

Var. Z. zLATUM, Rowb, Fl. Ind. i. 57 (sp.). A more tropical form, with taller

stems, stouter spikes and larger flowers. Rosc. Scit. Pl. t. 91. Dymezewiezia
ta, Horan, Prodr. 26.

24. Z. marginatum, Roxb. in Asiat. Res. xi. 949; Fl. Ind. i. 57?
eaves oblong-lanceolate spreading, bracts oblong obtuse. Dymoezewiezia
marginata, Horan. Prodr. 26 p

Kuasa Hirrs; Umwai, alt. 3000 ft., Clarke.

." Jy stem 3-4 ft. Leares 4-6 by 1 in.; ligule, very large, lanceolate, brown.
pike terminal, sessile, 1-2 in., under 4 in. diam. ; rachis very hairy ; bracts iin,
closely imbricate, hairy, brown when dried, obtuse, 1-fld. Corolla and lip not seen,
—- hOtburgh's description is very brief, and he gives no locality. Blume and Miquel

v. 48 ea Pecie í i i i inus, Rumph. Hort. Amboin.
v. 148 tab. 64, fg. Javan, and cite for it Lampuzium minus, p

IMPERFECTLY KNOWN SPECIES. .
5. Z. (Lampuzium) near oponrrERUM, Blume Enum. i. 14. Leafy stem stout
rel feet long, leaves 6-8 in. oblong-lanceolate, peduncle 6-8 in. erect, spike 5-
n one 2 in. diam, dense-fld., bracts closely imbricate ovate subacute glabrous lower

» Oracteole lin, c i .—Andamans, on Mount Haniot,
Prain 59. e lin. complicate, flower not seen.—A ,

“i Z (Lampuzi ‘n Journ. Bot. 1880, 301. Leafy
. puzium) near COROLLINUM, Hance in Journ. ,
s long, leaves 10-12 d 13-2 in. lanceolate glabrous, spike dense-fld. a foot long

M "qam. bracts 14-2 in. subcoriaceous oblong obtuse glabrous, bracteoles 1 in.,
mpieate ; flower not seen. Great; Cocos island, Andaman group, Prain 713. ,

13. COSTUS, Linn.

Rootstock tuberous, horizontal. Leafy stem long. Leaves oblong;
rats broad. Spike derse-fld., Bech or ovoid, usually terminal,
‘rely produced direct from the rootstock on a short peduncle. Calyx-
cal “ort, infundibular; teeth ovate. Corolla-tube not longer than the
Li ya; Segments large, oblong, subequal. Lateral staminodes 0 or minute.
nege obovate, margins incurved. Filament forming with the con-

is an oblong petaloid process, in the middle of which are placed the
isl Enone linear anther-cells. Ovary 3-celled; ovules many, superposed ;
4 ° Aliform ; stigma with a semilunar foveole, ciliated round the margin.
Se, globose or ovoid, finally dehiscing on one side between the ribs.

kent "oid or subglobose, aril short.—Species 25; tropics of both

1 c Specios . D . 1 : ik oid or
* Spe us, Smith in Trans. Linn. Soc. i. 249; spike ov
"Ie? terminal on the leafy stem. Roe. in Asiat. Res. xi 349; Hort.

250 CXLIX. SCITAMINEX, (J. G. Baker.) [ Costus.

Beng.? ; Fl. Ind. i. 58; Wall. Cat. 6555; Wight Ic. t. 2014; Grah. Cat. PI.
Bomb.908; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 274; Thwaites Enum. 320. Reichb. Ie.
Exot. t. 69; Pact. Mag. iv. t. 245.. C. arabicus, Jacq. Ic. t. 1. Hellenia
grandiflora, Retz. Ohs. vi. 68. Banksia speciosa, Konig in Retz. Obs. ii.
75.—Rheede Hort. Mal. xi. t.8; Rumph. Amboin. vi. t. 64, fig. 2.

Throughout India from the CENTRAL and EASTERN HIMALAYAS, ascending to
4000 ft. to CEYLON and Maracca.—DisrRis. Malay islands. . "ikv he

Leafy stem 6-9 ft. stout. Leaves 4-1 ft. or more, oblong, acute, thinly silky -
neath. Spike very dense-fld. 2—4 in. ; bracts ovate, bright red, 1-1} in. Calyx 1 " ;
segments 3, ovate cuspidate. Corolla-segments white, oblong 1-14 in. Lip whit e,
suborbicular, 2-3 in., the margins incurved and meeting. Filament 13-2 in. ith
cluding the oblong petaloid connective. Capsule 1 in., globose, red, crowned Wi
the persistent calyx.

Var. C. NIPALENSIS, Rose. Scit. Pl. t. 80 (sp.) leafy stem shorter, leaves
narrower lanceolate, spike globose. Wall. Cat. 6555 p. C. speciosus. Var. angus
tifolius, Ker in Bot. Reg. t. 665—Central Himalayas.

Var. ARGYROPHYLLUS, Wall. Cat. 6555 G, H.; leaves more densely silky and
paler beneath, spikes globose, bracts pubescent.—Pegu and Penang.

2. C. globosus, Blume Enum. Pl. Jav. 62? leaves glabrous beneath,
peduncle produced direct from the rootstock, bract-leaves. very, $ ?
small ovate, corolla-segments glabrous. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1. 61
Horan. Prodr. 36 ?

Maracca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1578).—DISTRIB. Java. :ddle to

Leaves 6-8 by 21-3 oblanceolate-oblong, narrowed gradually from the midd B
the base. Peduncle about 2 in. curved; bract-leaves X in., ovate, densely imbris
Spike 14 in. globose; outer bracts ovate ; inner 1 in., oblong, back scabrous towar "
the tip. Calys 1 in. Corolla-segments 1 in., ovate or oblong. Lip and stame
C. speciosus.

3. C. Kingii, Baker; leaves pubescent beneath, peduncle longer Vo
duced direct from the rootstock, bract-leaves larger oblong, coro
segments villose.

PERAK; Larut, King’s Collector, 2104. the

Leaves 6-8 by 3-3} in., oblanceolate-oblong, subcoriaceous, broadest above in
middle, narrowed gradually to the base. Peduncle 4-5 in. stout; bracts ater
densely imbricate, oblong, scariose. Spike 2}-3 in., very dense, globose; oon
bracts above lin., ovate; inner lanceolate. Calyx-tube 1 in., villous; segm in.
ovate, sharply cuspidate. Corol/a-segments 1 in., hairy. Lip suborbicular,
long and broad.

14. CYPHOSTIGMA, Benth.

Rootstock thick, horizontal, perennial. Leafy stem short. wn
oblong-lanceolate. Inflorescence a panicle distinct from the leafy ER
lax, decumbent; flowers 1-2 to a bract, bracteolate. Calyx cyhn og-
minutely 3-toothed, slit down one side. Corolla-tube cylindric; md
ments linear-oblong, subequal. Lateral staminodes obsolete ; lip orbi e
reniform, emarginate ; filament short ; anther-cells distant, crest very la We
petaloid. Ovary 3-celled ; ovules many, superposed ; style filiform ; ae
large, cylindric, gibbous at the base, stigma cup-shaped. Caps
seeds unknown.

Cyphostigma.] ^ cxiix. SCITAMINEZ. (J. G. Baker.) 251

C. pulchellum; Benth. Gen. Plant. iii. 645; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1380.
Amomum pulchellum, Thwaites Enum. 318.

CEYLON; forests of the central province, alt. 3000 ft. .

Leafy tuft 13-2 ft. Leafy stem formed from the connate bases of the petioles.
Leaves 1-2 tt. by 3-5 in, broad at the middle, narrowed to the base; petiole 4-1 ft.
Panicles like those of Elettaria, decumbent, sometimes a foot long; bracts oblong,
obtuse, clasping the slender rachis. Calyx under lin. Corolla-tube rather longer
than the calyx; segments under an inch long. Lip lin. broad, red and yellow ;
anther-crest orbicular, crenulate, rose-purple, nearly as broad as the lip.

15. ELETTARIA, Maton.

Rootstock thick, horizontal, perennial. Leafy stem long. Leaves
oblong-lanceolate. Panicle produced direct from the rootstock, long,
fleraous, decumbent ; bracts 2-3-fld. ; flowers shortly pedicelled, bracteolate.
Calyx cylindrie, membranous, shortly lobed. Corolla-tube cylindric; mid-
segment oblong, convex; lateral narrower. Lateral staminodes minute

; lip obovate-cuneate ; filament very short; anther-cells contiguous,
hot crested, Ovary 3-celled; ovules many; style filiform; stigma small,
turbinate. Capsule globose or oblong, coriaceous, indehiscent. Seeds
small, angled by pressure.

d E. Cardamomum, Maton in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 254; Bentl.
Trim. Med. Pl. t. 267; Thw. Enum. 318; Horan. Prodr. 90. Alpinia
ardamomum, Dach, in Asiat. Res. xi. 355 ; Hort. Beng. 1; Coromand. Pl.
$830; Fl. Ind. i. 70; Grah. Cat. Pl. Bomb. 206; Dalz. & Gibs. Flor.
Jp. 86. Amomum Cardamomum, Linn. Sp. 1; White in Trans. Linn.
t iar 220, t. 4-5. A. repens, Willd. Sp. Plant. i. 9; Woodv. Med. Bot.
Sali A. racemosum, Lam. Encyc. i. 134. Cardamomum officinale,
"e, in Trans. Linn, Soc. i. 929. — Rheede Hort. Mal. xi. 9, t. 4-5.
mur ean} on the Western Ghats, from Kurg southwards (wild or cultivated).
"NN stem 6-9 ft. Leaves 1-2 ft. by 3 in., pubescent beneath. Panicles several
one leafy stem, 1-2 ft.; bracts linear-oblong, persistent, 13-2 in. Calyx $ in.
wl The shortly exserted ; segments Ä in. Lip longer than the corolla-seg-
nts, white sheathed with violet. Capsule subglobose or oblong, marked with
many fine vertical ribs. l
"mi MAJOR, Thw. Enum. 318; more robust, leaves broader, capsule 1 in.

üg-fusiform. E major, Smith in Rees. Cyclop.; Horan. Prodr. 31.— Ceylon,
. E. ; . p.
1p to 3000 £t. (indigenous) , |

16. ELETTARIOPSIS, Baker.
Rootstocks

r Slender, wide-creeping. Leaves 1-2-nate direct from the

Cai » long petioled. Spike Tal lax-fd.; bracts small, membranous.

Breed spathaceous, clasping the flower-bud. Corolla-tube slender,

ip opac? Segments linear-oblong or lanceolate. Lateral staminodes 0;

Py ate-cuneate ; filament shorter; anther with a small orbicular

Elton. crest, Ovary oblong, 3-celled; ovules many, superposed ; style
les a stigma small, globose. Fruit and seeds unknown.—A Bornean
*5 and the followin e

l, E exs late, tube
Ye E erta, Baker; spike erect, corolla-segments lanceolate,
wih ZS, Cy phostigma exsertum, Scortech. in Nuov. Gier, Bot. Ital,

252 CXLIX. SCITAMINEE. (J. G. Baker.) [Elettariopsis

MALAY PENINSULA; Perak, Scortechins, 1947.

Leaves usually solitary, erect; blade oblong-lanceolate, 23-3 ft., narrowed to
the base; petiole much shorter. Spike 6 in.; lower internodes 3 in. ; bracts lau-
ceolate. Calyx lin. Corolla-tube 23-3 in., cylindric, rather dilated towards the
top; segments $ in. Lip 1 in., yellow, with two red streaks.

2. E. Curtisii, Baker; spike decumbent, corolla-segments linear-
oblong, tube very long.

PENANG ; West hill, alt. 2500 ft., Curtis, 1578. . "

Rootstock sheathed with imbricated obtu:e scale-leaves, Leaves solitary » erect}
petiole } ft.; blade 8-9 by 2 in., oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous. Spike 1i? n.i
rachis very slender; bracts lanceolate, A in. Calyx } in, Corolla-tube 3 W. very
slender; segments A in. Lip deflexed, twice as long as the corolla-segments.

3. E. serpentina, Baker; spike decumbent secund, corolla-segments
linear-oblong, tube twice as long as the calyx-limb.

PrNANG, alt. 1000-1500 ft., King’s Collector. less

Rhizome very slender, sheathed by oblong imbricated scale-leaves. Leave sole
than 12 in. by 2 in., geminate, erect, lanceolate, subcoriaceous, glabrous; H
slender, 8-9 in. Spike 2-3 in., shortly peduncled ; bracts small, lanceolate, es
branous. Calyx-tube j in. Corolla-tube 1 in.; segments half as long as the tube.
Lip white, marked with red-brown and yellow in the centre.

17. SCAPHOCHLAMYS, Baker.

Rootstock wide-creeping, not tuberous. Stem 0. Leaves ez:
oblong-lanceolate; petiole as long as the blade. Spike lax-fld.; brace
several-fld., large, lingulate, persistent. Calyx oblique, spathaceow
Corolla-tube slender, cylindrie, longer than the calyx; lip der
cuneate, emarginate; filament short; anther-cells shghtly diverge a
with a small petaloid-crest. Ovary 3-celled P; ovules few in a cell; $ y ;
filiform ; stigma small, globose. Capsule subglobose, membranous. n :
ovoid, with a large white aril cut down to the base into subulate proce"

S. malaccana, Baker. rib

Maracca; Mount Ophir, Cuming, Grigith (K. d. 5761), Maingay (Kew Distr?
1579), Hullett. ancle

Leaf-blade firm, glabrous, 6-8 by 2-3 in. Spike of about 6 nodes; pede in
short, slender ; bracts 1-1} in., green, lingulate, erecto-patent, obtuse. o der,
the lower half. Calyx 3 in. Flowers white. Corolla-tube under 1 in., ê SH
cylindric; segments shorter than the tube. Lip under 1 in. Stamen po
shorter than the lip. Capsule $ in., 3-seeded.

18. ALPINIA, Linn.

Rootstock horizontal. Leafy stem elongated. Leaves oblong 9
ceolate. Panicle or raceme terminal (except in sp. 16-17); brac .
sometimes enveloping the bud. Calyx laxly tubular, shortly 3-to0
Corolla-tube cylindric, usually not longer than the calyx ; segment
oblong or oblong, upper usually broader and more convex. ,
staminodes 0 or very small; lip patent, often orbicular with 1m c
margins, sometimes with 2 subulate processes at the base of the arely
filament flattened; anther-cells divergeut at the apex, furnished Wëlt
with an orbicular crest. Ovary 3-celled, ovules few or many 1? P ual
style tiliform ; stigma subglobose. Fruit globose, dry or fleshy, Y$

Alpinia.] CXLIX. SCITAMINEE. (J. G. Baker.) 253

indehiscent. Seeds globose or angled by pressure.—Species 30, in the
Tropies of the Old World.

, Sect. I. Bthanium, Horan. Anther not crested. Bud not enclosed
in large bracteoles. Panicle terminal.—(Sp. 1-9.).

l. A. conchigera, Grif. Notul. ii. 424; Ic. Plant. Asiat. t. 354;
leaves oblong-lanceolate glabrous beneath, panicle long narrow, flowers
small, corolla-segments oblong greenish, lip orbicular yellowish with red
lines and dots with two smull teeth at the base. A. Galanga, Wall. Cat.
6572 E, F. Strobidia conchigera, Kuntze inedit.

CmirTAGONG and the Malay Peninsula to MALACCA.—DisTRIB. Siam, Cam-

a,

Leafy stem 8-4 ft. Leaves 1-1 ft. by 2-3 in. Panicle 6-9 in. ; rachis pubescent ;
ower branch often elongate, the others short ascending ; bracts small, brown,
‘aniose, ovate. Calyx 3-2 in. ; mouth oblique, obscurely 3-dentate. Corolla-tube
warely longer than the calyx; segments 4 in. Lip with incurved margins, not
onger than the corolla-segments, not clawed. Ovules 2 in each cell.—I do not
"gard Strobidia as generically distinct from Alpinia.

2. A. Manii, King MSS. (under Strobidia) ; leaves oblong-lanceolate
glabrous beneath, panicle long narrow subracemose, flowers small, corolla-
*gments oblong, lip narrow cuneate.

ANDAMAN ISLANDS, King’s Collector. . .

eafy stem elongate. Leaves shortly petioled, 12 in, or more by 3-4 in., bright
Eren, with more prominent ribs than in its allies. Panicle 6-9 in.; rachis pubes-
“nt; branches short, erecto-patent, usually 1-fid.; bracts. minute, Calyx j in.,
minutely 3-dentate. Corolla-tube twice as long as the calyx ; segments } in. Lip
Ned longer than the corolla-segments. Capsule globose, $+ in. diam., 1-2

Galanga, Sw. Obs. Bot. 8; leaves oblong-lanceolate glabrous
; Panicle copiously compound, flowers small, corolla-segments
With il : greenish-white, lip obovate-clawed emarginate white veined
ort Be with a pair of subulate glands at the base of the claw. Koch,
Soe Deng. 2; Asiat. Res. xi. 352; Fl. Ind. i. 59; Rose. in Trans. Linn.
n Ee 345; Wall. Cat. 6572, ex parte; Grah. Cat. Pl. Bomb. 206 ; Dalz.
e? Bomb. Fl. 274; Thw. Enum.319. A. viridiflora, Griff. Notul. iii.
Bali j €. Pl. Asiat. t. 353. Maranta Galanga, Linn. Sp. Plant. 2. Galanga,
m, Trans. Hort. Soc. i. 281.—Rumph. Amboin. v. t. 63.

Disrg rg S Pout INDIA from the foot of the Himalayas to CEYLON and MALACCA.—

Malay islands and wid i
y ely cultivated.
N bn ck perennial, tuberous, Hi ghtly aromatic. Leafy stem 6-7 ft. Leaves 1-2
dene’ 1n., green and glossy on both sides. Panicle dense-fld., 1-1 ft., rachis

d x) Pubescent, branches numerous short; pedicels — in.; bracts small, ovate,
distins web White, 4 in.. oblique at the throat. Corol/a-segments 4-} in. Lip
» 3 in., basal glands ascending, reddish, linear-subulate. Stamen
shorter than the lip. Ovules 1-2 in a cell. Fruit orange-red, the size of a
Witt goog, Probably A. alba, Rose. in Trans, Linn. Soc. viii. 346 (Hellenia alba,
alba Ret lant. i. 5. Languas vulgare, Koenig in Retz. Obs. iii. 64; Heritiera.
fin poet Obs, vi, 18), A. carnea, Griff. Notul. iii. 420, and A. zingiberina, Hook.
Hermann’ ag. t. 6944 are forms. The drawing of Costus arabicus, Linn. in
8 Ceylon Herbarium belongs here.

4, ess ; .
lay, d Allughas, Rosc. in Trans. Linn. Soc. viii. 846 ; Seit. Pl. t. 67;
9ng-lanceolate glabrous beneath, panicle narrow copiously com-

254 CXLIX. SCITAMINEE, (J. G. Baker.) [Alpinia.

pound, flowers small, corolla-segments linear-oblong greenish-white, lip
cuneate pink distinctly emarginate with two small linear-subulate glands
at the base. Roxb. in Asiat. Res. vi. 353; Hort. Beng. 2; Fl. Ind. i. 6l;
Wall. Cat. 6571; Griff. Notul. iii. 432; Grah. Cat. Pl. Bomb.206 ; Dalz. & Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 973; Thw. Enum. 320; Horan. Prodr. 33. A. Rheedii, Wight
Ic. t. 9026, Hellenia Allughas, Willd. Sp. Plant. i. 4; Andr. Rot. Rep. t.
501; Salish. in Trans. Hort. Soc. i. 281. Heritiera Allughas, Retz. Obs. vi.
17, t.1. Zingiber nigrum, Gaertn. Fruct. t. 12.—Rheede Hort. Mal. xi.
t. 14.

From the HixArAYas to CEYLON and Maracca.—DisrRis. Malay isles and
widely cultivated.

Rootstock tuberous, biennial or perennial Leafy stem 3-6 ft. Leaves 1-1} ft.
by 3—6 in., smooth and glossy on both surfaces. Panicle erect, j-1 ft.; branches
pubescent, fewer and more ascending than in A. Ga/anga ; flowers crowded, shortly
pedicelled ; bracts small, ovate-amplexicaul. Calya pubescent, 4-3 in.; mouth
oblique. Corolla-tube as long as the calyx; segments as long as the tube. Lip
clawed, Stamen arcuate, shorter than the lip. Capsule globose, black, 3 in.

iam,

5. A. calcarata, Rosc. in Trans. Linn. Soc. viii. 947 ; Scit. Pl. t. 65;
leaves lanceolate glabrous beneath, panicle short, slightly compound
flowers middle-sized, corolla-segments oblong greenish-white, lip oblong
striped and spotted with red and yellow ona pale ground with edges
slightly incurved, base spurred. Roxb. in Asiat. Res. xi. 355 ; Hort. Beng. 2;
Fl. Ind. i. 69; Bot. Reg. t. 141; Wall. Cat. 6577; Grah. Cat. Pl. Bom).
206; Wight Ic. t. 2028; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FL. 274; Thw. Enum. 320.
A. bracteata, Rosc. iu Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. 381; Scit. t, 70, non Rozb., A.
cernua, Sims in Bot. Mag. t. 1900. Renealmia calcarata, Haw. in Anar.
Bot, Rep., t. 421; Salisb. in Trans. Hort. Soc. i. 231. Globba erecta, Red.

il. t. 174.

SOUTHERN MALAY PENINSULA, the CONCAN, and CEYLON.—DısrtRIB. Chins,
and widely cultivated.

Rootstock perennial, not tuberous. Leafy stem slender, 2-4 ft. Leaves 6-12 by
1-2 in. acuminate, green and glossy on both surfaces. Panicle dense-fld., 3-4 M.
rachis pubescent ; lower branches short, bearing 3—4 crowded flowers ; bracts small,
ovate. Calyz-tube funnel-shaped, }-} in.; ovary densely pubescent. Corolla-se£
ments j in. Lip 1-1} in., beautifully variegated with red and yellow, emarginate.
Anther-cells minutely margined. Ovules many in a cell. Capsule globose, red.

6. A. Wrayi, King MSS.; leaves lanceolate glabrous beneath
peduncle scarcely leafy, panicle short slightly compound, flowers m! dle-
sized, corolla-segments oblanceolate, lip dark yellow obovate-cuneate.

PENANG, alt. 2-3000 ft., King’s Collector.

Leafy stem elongate. Leaves 12 by 2 in. or more, acute, moderately fira
Peduncle from the rootstock, slender, erect, under a foot long, with several sheat d
ing bract-leaves, only the uppermost produced into a small lanceolate blade. Pame
3-4 in., dense-fld., erect ; bracts small, deciduous. Ovary very hairy. Calyz $55
narrowly funnel-shaped. Corolla-tube as long as the calyx ; segments iim AP
1 in.—May be an abnormal form of 4. calcarata.

7. A. mutica, Rozb. in Asiat. Res. xi. 354; Hort. Beng. 2; Fl- Ind.
i. 67; leaves oblong-lanceolate glabrous beneath, panicle slightly of
pound, flowers large, corola segments oblong white, lip suborbieular
variegated red and yellow, base not spurred, margins much incurved. ]

Alpinia.) OXLIX. SCITAMINEX. (J, G. Baker.) 255

Sit, Pl. t.69; Hook. f. in Bot. Mag.t. 6908; Horan. Prodr.34. Renealmia
mutica, Salisb. in Trans. Hort. Soc. i. 280.

PENANG, Roxburgh. MALAY PENINSULA.—DisTRIP. Malay isles. .

Rootstock perennial, not tuberous. Leafy stem 4-6 ft. Leaves 1-2 ft. by 2-4 in.
Panicle 6-9 in.; rachis stout, very pubescent ; lower branches short, 2-3; bracts
oblong. Calyz-tube 4 in., funnel-shaped, white bordered with pink. Corolla-seg-
ments lin. Lip 1} in., nearly as broad, beautifully variegated with red and yellow.
Capsule globose, 1 in. diam., bright yellow. Seeds many in a cell.

8. A. petiolata, Baker; leaves oblong-lanceolate petioled glabrous
neath, raceme simple, bracts large, flowers large, lip obovate-cuneate.

Prax, alt. 2500-4000 ft., Kunstler.

Leafy stem 2-3 ft. Leaves 1-14 ft. by 3-4 in., subcoriaceous, dark glossy green,
petiole 3—4 in. Spike moderately dense-fld., erect, 8-4 in. ; rachis slender, pubes-
cent ; bracts 1 in., green membranous. Ovary densely villose. Calyx 1 in. Lip

f as long again as the calyx, bright yellow ; filament 1 in.

9. A. Rafflesiana, Wall. Cat. 6575; leaves lanceolate finely pubes-
cent beneath, panicle dense subglobose, flowers middle-sized, corolla-
Zë Denis oblong reddish-yellow, lip suborbicular margins much incurved.

ook. Ic, t. 1063. A. aurantiaca, Wall. mss.

PENANG, SINGAPORE and MALACCA.

Rootstock perennial, not tuberous. Leafy stem 4-6 ft. Leaves 1-1} ft. by
o. ^. Panicle sessile at the end of the leafy stems, congested into a globose head

im, long, subtended by a large ovate green bract; pedicels very short; flower-
mets small, persistent, orbicular, subcoriaceous. Calyx funnel-shaped, bright red,
H m. Corolla-segments concave, }—} in. Lip ł-1 in. long and broad, beautifully
tal with red on a yellow ground. Capsule globose, small.—Alpinia vittala

gardens appears to be a form of this very distinct species with leaves variegated
With white,

in Subgen. II. Catumbium, Juss. Anther not crested. Bud enclosed
lee” membranous bracteoles. Raceme or panicle terminal.—Species

10. A bracteata, Roxb. Ho ; and. i. 69; raceme
i ` . rt. Beng. 2; Fl. Ind. i. 69; ni
Snr practeoles green. Wall. Cat. 6578, non Roscoe. A. Roxburghii,

ort. Brit. edit. 2, 493; Horan. Prodr. 34.
,ErraavAs, BENGAL, Assam, CacHAR, BURMA, the SHAN STATES and

East
Matace

benoit stem 3-6 ft. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 1-1} ft. by 2-4 in., pubescent
Raceme dense-fld., 6-9 in. ; rachis densely pubescent ; pedicels very short.
o short and more acute than in 4. malaccensis ; bracteoles 1 in., oblong-
Corolla-segments 1 in., oblong, pure white. Lip ovate, half as long
e corolla-segments, emarginate, edge white, centre variegated red and
e lo Sins incurved ; base with two ascending horn-like processes. Capsule
»Blobose, Seeds many in a cell.

Buds Not s

1l. A. mal c 045.

. . accensis, Rosc. in Trans. Linn. Soc. vii. 345; raceme

pL! s bracteoles white. "Guck, in Asiat. Res. xi. 353; Hort. Beng. 2;
Mart 6t Bot. Reg. t. 328; Wall. Cat. 6573 A. Horan. Prodr.

Costus genta malaccensis, Burm. Fl. Ind. 2; Willd. Sp. Plant. i. 14.

t 71, fig. accensis, Kenig in Retz. Obs. iii. 71.—Rumph, Amboin. v.
E

As .
5000 e "EN. HIMALAYAS, Assam, KHasra Hiris and CurrTAGONG, ascending to
ALABAR, Law.

256 CXLIX. SCITAMINEX. (J. G. Baker.) [ Alpinia.

Rootstock perennial. Leafy stem 6-10 ft. Leaves 2-3 ft., oblong-lanceolate,
pubescent beneath. Raceme erect, }-1 ft. ; rachis very stout, densely pubescent ;
pedicels all very short. Buds oblong, obtuse; bracteoles oblong-navicular, 1 in.
Corolla-segments white, oblong, 1 in. Lip ovate, emarginate, 14-2 in., margin
pale; centre beautifully variegated red and yellow; edges much incurved. Capsule
globose, yellow, 1 in. diam. Seeds many, ovoid.

19. A. nutans, Rosc. in Trans. Linn. Soc. viii. 940; Scit. t. 73;
anicle cernuous slightly compound, bracts deciduous, peduncles short,
bracteoles white tipped with pink. Smith Exot. Bot. ii. t. 106; Roxb. in
Asiat. Res. xi. 354; Hort. Beng. 2; Fl. Ind. i. 65; Bot. Mag. t. 1908;
Wall. Cat. 6574 ex parte; Grah. Cat. Pl. Bomb. 206; Wight Ic. t. 2027;
Thw. Enum. 320. A. malaccensis, Wall. Cat. 6578 B, C. A. cristata,
Griff. Notul. iii. 421. Globba nutans, Linn. Mant. 170; Red. Lil. t. 60.
Renealmia nutans, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 360; Salisb. in Trans. Hort. Soc.
i. 279. Zerumbet speciosum, Jacg. Fragm. t. 68; Wendl. Sert. Han.
t. 19.

Fastern HIMALAYAS and MALAY PENINSULA.—DiSTRIB. Malay islands.

Rootstock perennial. Leafy stem 8-10 ft. Leaves 1-2 ft. by 3-6 in., oblong-
lanceolate, finely pubescent beneath. Panicle 4—1 ft.; rachis very hairy; lower
branches bearing 2-3 crowded flowers. Bracteoles 1 in. or more, broad, oblong-
navicular, Corolla-segments oblong, 1 in., white tipped with pink. Lip ovato
1j in. long and broad, base spurred, margins pale, centre beautifully variegated wit
red and yellow, margins much incurved. Capsule red, globose, Seeds many ™
a cell,

Var. . AsERICEA, Moon Cat. Ceyl. 1 (sp.); panicle shorter, flowers smaller,
bracteoles and corolla-segments not tipped with pink.—Ceylon,

.13. A. involucrata, Griff. Notul. iii. 422; panicle cernuous
slightly compound, bracts persistent cupular, bracteoles white. 2.
Matacca, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 5697), Maingay (K. d. 1574). PERAK, King’
Collector.
Nearly allied to A. nutans, of which it may be only a variety. Leafy ae
10-15 ft. Lower branches of the panicle elongated, with 2~3 flowers crowded j
the lip, enveloped by persistent scariose bracts. Capsule globose, 1 in. diam.

Sect. III. Hellenia, Willd. Anther furnished with a small
petioled crest. Panicle terminal. (Sp. 14-17.)

14. A. aquatica, Rosc. in Trans. Linn. Soc. viii. 346 ; leaves oblong
not scabrous, anther with a semi-orbicular crest, lip obcordate. Hellen
aquatica, Horan, Prodr. 35. Heritiera aquatica, Retz. Obs. v.
Languas aquaticum vel sylvestre, Kenig in Retz. Obs. iii. 69.

The Deccan PENINSULA, in swamps, Kenig. :eglate

Leafy stem 4 ft. and more. Leaves coriaceous, bright green; denticu pite
glabrous beneath. Panicle narrow, oblong, peduncled, with 2-3 membranous WS
bracts at the base. Cal yz-limb tubulose-campanulate, glabrous, tridentate. Cor
segments whitish ; upper ovate-oblong ; two lower acute, approximate. Lip
than the corolla-segments, with an oblong gland on ench side at the base. only
with a coloured crest. Capsule black. Seeds about 5, trietrous.— Known
from Konig's description.

15. A. scabra, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii. 648; leaves lanceolate T
scabrous above, anther with an obscure truncate crest, lip narrow bi ore
mE scabra, Blume Enum. i. 60; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 603 ;

rod». 39.

Alpinia.] OXLIX. SCITAMINEE. (J. G. Baker.) 257

Perak, alt. 2-3000 ft., King's Collector, —DISTRIB. Java.

Leafy stem 6-8 ft. Leaves above 1 ft., 24-3 in. broad, very scabrous. Panicle
1ft., erect, with a few short spreading compound branches at the base; branchlets
about 1 in., bearing several pedicelled waxy white flowers; bracts minute. Calyæ
1 in.; teeth minute. Corolla-tube as long as the calyx ; segments oblong, à in.
Lip not longer than the corolla-segments. Anther-cells divaricate upwards, the
truncate connective scarcely overtopping them. Capsule globose, $ in. diam.

, Subgen.IV. Geostachys, Baker. Anther not crested. Buds enclosed
in large bracteoles. Spike radical.

16. A.? decurvata, Baker; leaves lanceolate, racemes not secund.

Perak; Larut, alt. 3-4000 ft., King’s Collector.

Leafy stem 4-5 ft. Leaves 12-15 by 1-11 in., narrowed to a petiole 1 in. long.
emes 6 in., lax, decurved ; peduncle short, slender, erect, hidden by the large
imbricate green bract-leaves; pedicels deflexed, } in.; bracteoles 1} in., green,
M long-navicular, acute, persistent, Ovary oblong, shortly peduncled within the
peole. Calyx zin., spathaceous. Corolla-tube as long as the calyx ; segments
bent oblong, 2 in. Lip obovate, longer than the corolla-segments. ‘ Flowers
night yellow, tinged with red. Fruit glossy, dark red.”

17. A. ? secunda, Baker; leaves oblong-lanceolate, racemes secund.

Ps RAK, alt. 3-4000 ft., King’s Collector, 8047. . .
early allied to A. ? deeurvata, with which it entirely agrees in habit and in the
ower eng enclosed in large persistent oblong-navicular green bracteoles. Leaves
cemu 2 in. ; petiole short. Raceme simple, lax-fld., secund, deflexed ; pedicels
ligh ous, 3 in.; bracteoles under 1 in. Calyx cylindric, spathaceous, 3 in. Flower
ght yellow. Fruit deep red.”

19. RHYNCHANTHWS, Hook. f.

beier tuberous; fibres stout, hairy. Stem leafy. Leaves oblong-
tabe ] ato, Bp tke terminal. Calyx cylindric, minutely toothed. Corol n
tania" subcylindrie ; segments ovate-lanceolate, acuminate. Latera
incurver “ obsolete ; lip nearly obsolete; filament long linear, margins
Ze vv» tip filiform; anther-cells contigüous, not crested. Ovary
* ovules many, superposed ; style filiform; stigma small, turbinate.

Psule and seeds not seen,

R. longiflorus, Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 6861.
Burma (Hort. Low).

Zreck ovoid, green, 1-1} in. diam. Leafy stem 11-2 ft. Leaves 6-8 by
linear n. Spike 4-6 in., sessile at the end of the stem; bracts 2 to each flower,
eno] a 1-13 in., wrapped round the calyx-tube. Corolla-tube 13-2 in.;
m. Stamen as long as the corolla-tube.
20. CLINOGYNE, Salisb.
we och tuberous or sublignose. Stems leafy, copiously dichoto-
terminal rauched, Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate. Panicle lax-fld.

: . : ; ree.
Petals ne flowers in pairs; bracts long, narrow, firm. Sepals short f te
Petaloj arrow, connivent. Staminal tube cylindric; segments obovate,

ent equal; anther l-celled, adnate to the margin of one

wat, VAT below to the
Stamin vary 3-celled; cells l-ovuled; style adnate be: a
VoL, ^l tube, above free, hooked; stigma capitate. rw" indshiscent,

258 CXLIX. SCITAMINEE. (J. Q. Baker.) [ Clinogyne.

1-3-seeded. Seeds subglobose, aril lacerate; embryo curved.—Species
7-8; tropics of Old World.

1. C. dichotoma, Salisb. in Trans. Hort. Soc. i. 276; leaves broadly
rounded at the base, branches of panicle few short, staminal tube elongate,
fruit 2-3-lobed 2-3-seeded. Benth. in Gen. Plant. ii. 651. Phrynium
dichotomum, Rob. in Asiat. Res. xi. 324; Hort. Beng. 1; Fl. Ind. i. 2;
Horan. Prodr. 11, in part. Maranta dichotoma, Wall. Cat. 6614. M.
ramosissima, Wall. Cat. 6615; Pl. Asiat. Rar. t. 286; Grah. Cat. Pl. Bomb.
212. Donax Arundinastrum, Lour. Fl. Coch. 15. Thalia cannzeformis,
Willd. Sp. Plant. i. 16.—Rumph. Amboin. iv. 22, t. 7.

EASTERN BENGAL and the MALAY PENINsULA.—DisTRIB. Malay islds.

Shrub 15 ft.; stem short, woody ; branches slender. Upper leaves orate
oblong, 3-6 in. by 14-2 in. Branches of panicle at most 8-4 in.; outer brac
lanceolate, 1j in. Flowers white, 1 in. Sepals lanceolate. Petals oblanceolate
spreading in the upper half. Staminal tube as long as the largest lobes; Hp
flat. Fruit 4 in, diam.

2. C. grandis, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii. 651; leaves broadly rounded
at the base, branches of the panicle many and moderately long, stam,
tube elongated, fruit globose smooth 1-seeded. Maranta grandis, Miq. ©
Ind. Bat. Suppl. 616. Phrynium dichotomum, Korn. in Mem. Mose. 3
t. 89; Horan. Prodr. 11, in part, not Roxb.

TENASSERIM, MALACCA, PERAK, SINGAPORE, and the ANDAMAN ISLDS.—
DisTRIB. Malay islds. f the

Habit of C. dichotoma. Upper leaves }-1 ft. by 3-6 in. Branches 2.
panicle sometimes 6-9 in.; outer bracts 1j in. Flowers as in C. dichotoma. rw
glossy, 3-3 in. diam.

3. C. virgata, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii. 651; leaves slightly roundel
at the base, branches of the panicle many and long, staminal tube erp
fruit 2-3-lobed 2—3-seeded, Maranta virgata, Wall. Cat. 6616; Wigh ü
t. 2015; Tw. Enum. 320. Phrynium virgatum, Roxb. in Asiat. ives.
824; Hort. Beng.1; Fl. Ind. i. A

The DECCAN PENINSULA and CEYLON. » qo 1 ft. of

Stems 6-8 ft. Upper leaves 4-6 by 1-11 in. ; lower 1-1} ft. Panicle Ae
more; branches very slender, flexuose; outer bracts about 1 in. Flowers W89
inodorous, much smaller than in C. dichotoma. Fruit the size of a large pe

21. PER YNIUM, Willd.

Rootstock creeping. Leaves large, oblong, radical; petiole, ep
sheathing. Spike compound, produced from the side of the peto d
- direct from the rootstock; main bracts 2-o.fld. Sepals 3, M
Corolla-tube cylindric; segments 3, linear-oblong, subequal, spre# s
Staminal tube longer than the corolla-tube; segments unequal, pe
one bearing the l.celled anther on its margin. Ovary 3-celled ;
l-ovuled, rarely 2 cells empty; style adnate in the lower part
staminal tube; free portion hooked; stigma capitate. Fruit by;
indehiscent or finally dehiscent. Seeds 1-3 erect; aril short, fles
embryo curved.—Species 20; tropics of Old World.

. e
1. P. capitatum, Willd. Sp. Plant. i. 17; spike globose from th

Pirysium.] OXLIX. SCITAMINEE. (J. G. Baker.) 259

side of the petiole rarely terminal, main bracts oblong with an ineurved .
sarions tip which breaks up into bristles, corolla-segments longer than
the tube, fruit usually 3-seeded. Roxb. in Asiat. Res. xi. 325, t. 1; Hort.
Bey.1; Fl. Ind.i.8; Wall. Cat. 6619; Wight Ic. t. 2016; Thw. Enum.
Di. Phyllodes Placentaria, Lowr. Fl. Cochin, ch. 17. Maranta Placen-
taria, 4. Dietr, Sp. i. 30.—Rheede Hort. Mal. xi. t. 34.
EASTERN HIMALAYAS, MALAY PENINSULA, MALABAR, TRAVANCORE, CEYLON.
IB. Malay islds, .
Rootstock perennial, tuberous. Leaves oblong, 1-1} ft. by 6-3 in.; petiole
‘than the blade, that which bears the spike 2-3 ft. or more, Spike sessile.
rm. diam.; subtended by 2-3 large rigid ovate bracts; inner main bracts 1
Y 1 in., firm, oblong, several-fid. Sepals large, linear. —Corol/a-segments lincar-
n A Pre Capsule turbinate, 3-lobed, the size of a gooseberry, smooth,

? P. parviflorum, oz. Hort. Beng. 1; Fl. Ind. i. 7; spike globose
ftom the sido of the petiole, bracts lanceolate, corolla-segments white
VT than the tube, fruit usually l-seeded. Rose. Scit. Pl. t. 345
ech Cat, 6620; Horan. Prodr. 11, “Maranta parviflora, A. Dietr. Sp. 1.

TASTERN HIMALAYAS and MALAY PENINSULA, and the CONCAN,
Sootstock tuberous,

) perennial. Leaves oblong-cuspidate, 1-1} ft. by 6-8 in, ;
es onger than the blade, the one that bears the spike 2-24 ft. Spike sessile,
De diam. ; bracts 1 in., pale green, acute, 2-3-fld. Corolla-tube as lovg as
With yel segments linear-oblong. Staminal lobes small, orbicular, white tippe

W,

Ze E imbricatum, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 1; Fl. Ind. i. 6; spike oblong
kee? side of the petiole, main bracts oblong obtuse, corolla-segments
ir tan the tube, fruit usually 3-seeded. Horan. Prodr. 11. Maranta
ta, A. Dietr. Sp. i. 30.
Cutrragong, Roxburgh.

Habit of P. capitai . 1 : oblong, acute,
i ` wm and parviflorum. Leares 134-2 ft.; oblong,

ble longer than the blade. Spike MA in, ; main bracts 1-14 in. long, minutely

at the obtuse tip. Calyx and corolla of P. parviflorum. Staminal lobes

^ white. Capsule rugose, oblong, the size of a large field bean. i

Owerless Specimen with similar but terminal spikes avd bracts, much

es and more slender petiole, collected at Rangoon by McClelland,
resents a distinct species.

er lea

ha ih macrostachyum, Wall. Cat. 6612 A, B; spike long lax
Iesel side of the petiole, main bracts lanceolate complicate, frui

Prev, Wallich
* Tavoy, Gomez. TENASSERIM, Helfer. : i
ing tek short, with copious slender fibres. Leaves nearly 4 by 3-4 in» thin
» Caudate ; petiole twice as long as the blade. Spike sessile, 9-12 widow"
"ul, am ott? Spaced out on tbe rachis, ascending; finally scarious. ls Lp
uter m th, oblong, crowned with the small green lanceolate f o l is
Phably A all. Cat. 6612 C, from the ‘Lrogla bills, known in leaf only,
ifferen Species,
d

' SPicatum Roxb. Hort. Beng.1; Fl. Ind. i. 5; spike radical
"s duneled, main bracts ovate iw bricate, corolla-segments shorter
g ara ube, fruit usually 3-seeded. Wall. Cat. 6617; Horan. b roar.

nta caespitosa, A. Dietr. Sp. i. 30.

s 2

.

260 OXLIX, SCITAMINER. (J. G. Baker.) [ Phrynium.

Peau, Carey, Wallich, R. Scott. The Concan, Law. .

Rootstock wide-creeping, perennial, not tuberous. Leaf oblong, 6-10 by 2-3 in.;
petiole slender, longer than the blade. Spike 1-2 in. ; bracts not L in., ovate, greru
several-fld. Corolla-segments white, linear-oblong, much shorter than the cylind c
tube. Larger staminal lobes obovate, as long as the corolla-segments. Seeds We
dull brown, triquetrous on the inner face.—An allied plant, with subequal crow a
lanceolate bracts 11-2 in., collected by Griffith and Helfer iu Tenasserim, !5
doubt a distinct species, but all the specimens are very incomplete. P. sumatranum,
Miquel, appears to be specifically distinct from P. spicatum.

6. P. Griffithii, Baker; spike radical long-peduncled, bracts M
farious with tips rounded recurved, corolla-segments unequal, upper, ene
oblong, lateral reflexed. P. spicatum, Griff. Notul. iii. 418, non Row).

MALacca, in wet jungles at Ching, Griffith.

Leafy stem many-leaved ; petiole 3-4 ft.; blade oblong, 2 ft. Peduncle 1 &.
Calya-segments linear, white, shorter than the tube. Ovary 3-celled.

7. P. zeylanicum, Benth. i» Gen. Plant. iii. 653; spike shortly.
peduncled radical, main bracts ovate imbricate, corolla-segments sho
than the tube, fruit l-seeded. Trimen Cat. Ceyl. Pl. 92. Maranta spica
Thw. Enum, 320, excl. syn. Roxb.

CEYLON ; in the central province, rare; Thwaites. . der

Habit exactly of P. spicatum. Leaves oblong, caudate, } ft.; petiole slender,
twice as long as the blade. . Spike 1} in.; main bracts few, green, not l m.
Fruit small, smooth, oblong, crowned by the small green linear sepals.

8. P. Cadellianum, King mss.; spike shortly peduncled radical,
main bracts ovate-lanceolate, fruit 1-seeded.

ANDAMAN ISLDS., King’s Collector. . 4 in

Rootstock short-creeping, perennial, slender. Leaf oblong, 9-10 in. by 3- osely
base deltoid; petiole slender, 2-2} ft. Spike 14 in.; bracts 1-13 in., few, e
imbricate, thin, glabrous. Flower not seen. Fruit oblong, smooth, 4 iN., crow
with the short sepals.

22. CANNA, Linn.

Rootstock perennial. Stem simple, leafy. Leaves large, oblong, acu’
Flowers a lax terminal simple or branched raceme; bracts small, ovate
Sepals 3, small, oblong, or lanceolate. Corolla-tube cylindric, St
3, lanceolate, equal. Staminal tube cylindric; segments petaloid, pag
with the 1-celled anther adnate to the margin of one of the smaller Re
Ovary 3-celled ; cells many-ovuled; style adnate at the base to the rien .
tube, free above; stigma capitate. Fruit globose, echinate, inden sep
Seeds large, globose; embryo straight.—Species 20-30 tropical Ameri
and the following :—

C. indica, Lin». var. C. orntentatis, Rose. Scit. Pl. t. 12; corolla-tab?
much shorter than the segments, petaloid staminal segments of the 9"
row 3 oblanceolate emarginate bright red, lip reflexed emarginate at e
truncate apex. Horan. Prodr. 16. C. indica, Linn. Sp. Plant. 1,7 gl ,
Rozb. in Aviat. Res. xi. 322; Fl. Ind. i. 1; Wall. Cat. 6621; DO% ©
Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 687; Thw. Enum. 320. C. chinensis, Willd. En
Berol. i. 2?—Rheede Hort. Malab. xi. t. 48; Rumph. Hort. Ambow. Y:
71, fig. 2.

Throughout INDIA from the HrwArAYAs to Cyron and MALACCA.—D!57
Malay isles, Ze,

OCH

Canna, | OXLIX. SCITAMINEZ, (J. G. Baker.) 261

Rootstock tuberous, with many fibres. Stem 3-4 ft. Leaves oblong, acute,
bwer 1 ft. or more. Bracts 3 in., ovate, green. Sepals small, lanceolate. Corolla-
tube 3 in; lobes 1 in., lanceolate, greenish. Outer staminal segments 3, bright
tel, oblanceolate, li in. by 4—4 in.; lip rather shorter; anther 1 in. Capsule

A3 in, Seeds black, the size of a pea.

„Var. PLAVA, Rose. Scit. Pl. t. 13 ; stature of the type, staminal segments plain
bright yellow, C, flavescens, Link; Horan. Prodr. 41.

Var. C. NEPALENSIS, Wall. Cat. 6622 (sp.); stem much taller, leaves larger,
torolla-segments 1} in., outer staminal segments usually 3 bright red not emarginate,
D above 1 in. Bouché in Linnea, vii. 158; Horan. Prodr. 15.—Nepal,

Var. C. SPECIOSA, Rosc. Scit. Pl. t. 17 (sp.); much taller than the type,
es larger, outer staminal segments 2 acute bright red with a channelled
Ile claw, lip variegated with red and yellow. Herb. in Bot. Mag. t. 2317;
Vall. in Bot, Reg. t. 1276; Horan. Prodr. 16.—Nepal and Kumaon,
Another Indian form, unknown to me, is C. exigua, Bouché; Horan. Prodr.
e American form to which Roscoe and Horaninow restrict the name
MICA is figured Rose, Scit. Pl. t, 1; Bot. Reg. t. 776.

23. MUSA, Linn.

Stem subarborescent, of convolute leaf sheaths. Leaves very large,
ong. ers in an erect or decurved spike, subuuisexual, lower female,
Upper male; bracts large, spathaceous ovate or orbicular.. Calyx slit
"2 one side to the base, 3-5-lobed. Corolla as long as the calyx or
ria "rippeó round the stamens and style. Perfect stamens 5, sixth
Ora entary or 0; filaments stout, filiform; anthers linear, erect, 2-celled.
be 3-celled; ovules many, superposed; style filiform from a thickened
55 Stigm: subglohose 6-lobed. Fruit fleshy, indehiscent, oblong or
"engen trigonous. Seeds subglobose or angled by pressure.—Species
; tropics of the Old World.

* Not stoloni . l ;
Herous, d ter fl . Bracts many-fid. Frui
“pulpy and edible. ying after flowering y

aX. Superba, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 19; Corom. Pl. t. 223 ; PL
large ek stem short stout ovoid, leaves sessile on the sheath, racts
Nu icular many-fld. dull red, calyx 3-cleft, petal shorter than n
Cat, 5 Ge with a large mucro, fruit oblong subcoriaceous. Wall.
ibs ; Wight Ic. &. 2017; Grah. in Bot. Mag. t. 3849-3850 ; Dalz. &
1, ms. Fl. 272; Horan. Prodr. Al. M. textilis, Grah. Cat. Pl. Bomb,
Non Née,
vm Guars.
lavas "le plant 10-12 ft. Stem covered with the persistent sheaths of the
ya foot 8-10 ft, narrowed to the base. Spike drooping ; lower bracts
t Sot long and broad; upper crowded, persistent; flowers biseriate, 20-30
| in, a bract, Calyx 1-1} in.; lobes three, linear, loosely cohering. Corolla

lie, "ruit trigonous, 3 by 11 in. Seeds 3-3 in. diam. smooth, brown, sub-

2 2 409.
tem T nepalensis, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Wall. & Carey, u. 492;
SA a Stout ovoid, leaves sessile on the sheath, bracts large ovate
Gorter th ull purple, calyx 3-cleft, petal obcordate with a large dero

» an the calyx, fruit oblong subcoriaceous. Horan, Prodr. 41.
"Wat Nera L, Wallich.

262 CXLIX. SCITAMINEEZ. (J. G. Baker.) [ Musa.

Habit of M. superba. Trunk 5-6 ft., 2 ft. diam at the base. Leares, as in
superba, but smaller and rather glaucous, upper passing gradually into the bracts.
Spike short, drooping ; lower floriferous bracts 6 in. ; flowers 2.seriate, 7-8 to a
bract. Calyx and corolla yellowish-white. Fruit and seeds as in M. superba.

3. M. glauca, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 19; Corom. Pl. +. 300; Fl. Ind. i
669 ; trunk cylindric, leaves shortly petioled, bracts ovate greenish many:
fid., calyx 3-cleft, petal obcordate with a large mucro shorter than the
calyx, fruit obovoid-oblong subcoriaceous. Horan. Prodr. 4l.

Dron: Carey.

Trunk 10-12 ft. below the leaves, 8 in. diam. Leaves 4-5 ft., oblong-lanceolate,
acute. Spike drooping from the base; bracts numerous, imbricate, the lower M
} ft. ; flowers 10-20 to bract. Ca/yz pale, about 1in. ; segments 3, loosely coherent,
linear. Corolla not half as long as the calyx. Fruit 4-5 in., 14 in. diam. Be
smooth, globose, nearly black, 4 in. diam.

** Stoloniferous. Bracts many-fld. Fruit pulpy, edible.

4. M. sapientum, Linn. Sp. Plant. 1477 ; stoloniferous, stem tal
cylindrical, leaves petioled, spike drooping, bracts ovate many-fid. usua d
deciduous, calyx 5-toothed at the tip, petal shorter than the calyx iry

Rumph. Amboin. v. 130, t. 60 ; Trew Ehret. t. 21-23.

Indigenous in BEHAR and the EasrERN HIMALAYAS, ascending to 4000
CEYLON, Thwaites; cultivated throughout India and the tropics.—DISTRIB. d
isles, &c. p

Stem 8-12 ft. Leaves 4-5 ft. oblong, bright green above, paler beneath. I"
floresence about as long as the leaves; bracts ovate, more or less pruinose, lower ite
in., upper much shorter, falling before the fruit matures. Calya yellowish-w the
1-14 in. Petal oblong, about half as long. Fruit oblong, trigonous, 2-3 m. in e
wild form, and full of seed (seedless in the cult. forms) tapering to the ce
apex, yellowish green when ripe. Seeds angled by pressure, brownish-^ in
rugose, } in. diam, ‘I'he privcipal varieties and subspecies wild and cultiva
India are— Jer

M. Dacca, Horan. Prodr. 41; differs from typical sapientum by leaves Pije
green above white-pruinose beneath, pruinose stem, broad red border 9
petiole and pale yellow fruit about 4 in. long with a very thick skin. Joured

M. CuaxPa, Hort.; stem and midrib of the leaf red, fruit pale straw-co?
about 6 in. long. differs

M. SIKKIMENSIS, Kurz in Journ. Agric. Hort. Soc. Ind. nm.s.v. 164 de lin.
from sapientum by its duller purple spathes and angled tubercled seeds
diam.— Wild in Sikkim. Hook. f. & Thoms. (Herb. Ind. Or. 5.) Jeaf-

M. PARADISIACA, Linn. Sp. Plant. 1477; stem reaching a length of 20 weg
blade of 5-6 ft. and petiole of 2 ft., fruit larger than in sapientum, 4l ft. tent,
with firmer pulp, not tit to eat till cooked, bracts and male flowers more pere! tif.
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 19; Trew Ehret. t, 18-20. M. Clitfortiana, Linn. Hort
i. t. 1.—Commonly cultivated ; wild in Ceylon, according to Moon. olet;

M. siMIARUM, Kurz in. Journ, Agric. Hort. Soc. Ind. xiv. 297; bracts v -
only one opening at a time, those of the male flowers convolute, fruit very smi
Andamans and Malacca, Kurz. 166;

M. TROGLODYTARUM, Linn. ; Kurz in Journ. Agric. Hort. Soc. Ind. n. 8. M log
leaves narrow oblong, flower-spike erect, bracts greenish imbricated, fruit 3 1D.
dark yellow or reddish brown.—Wild in Ceylon, according to Moon.

Mus] — OXLIX. SCITAMINEE. (J. G. Baker.) 263

M. CORNICULATA, (Rumph.) Kurz in Journ. Agric. Hort. Soc. Ind. n.s. v.
166, t. 2-8; flower larger than in any other form, only 2-3 rarely 4 whorls of
flowers produced, fruit as large as in paridisiaca.

M. texritis, Née in Cav. Ann. Ciénc. Nat. iv. 123; leaves firmer in texture

in sapientum, yielding a useful fibre, bracts polished, seeds very small and
scarcely at all angled.— Native of the Philippines, cult, in India.
, M. ARAKANENSIS, Ripley in Proc. Agric. Hort. Soc. Ind. x. 51; a fibre-
Yielding form from Arrakan.

M. ZEBRINA, Flore des Serres, t. 1061-2 and M. virTATA, Bot. Mag. t. 3402,
ate handsome forms with variegated leaves. Other forms are mentioned by Kurz in
Journ. Agric. Hort. Beng. n.s. v. (1878), 112-168; and Sagot in Journ. Soc.
Nat, Horticult. France, 1887, 238, 285.

Aa Stoloniferous. Stem slender, cylindric. Bracts few-fid., bright
coloured. Fruit not edible.

5. M. rosacea, Jacg. Fragm. t. 139, fig. 4; Hort. Schoen. t. 445;
stoloniferous, leaves petioled, flower-spike drooping or erect, bracts ovate
ac or pale red, lower usually 3-fld., calyx yellowish-white S-toothed,
as long as the calyx, fruit oblong-trigonous pulpy. Bot. Reg. t. mE
E Bot. Cab. t. 615. M. ornata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 19; Fl. Ind. i. 666;
d Gibs. Bomb, Fl. 972,
EASTERN HIMALAYA and the Concan.—Drstris. Java. . ;
fem cylindric, slender, 3-5 ft. Leaves linear-oblong, firmer in texture than in
ak *apientum. Spike about 4 ft., drooping in the cultivated form ; bracts oblong,
wéi ft., crowded; male fl. 5-6 in a cluster. Calyx about lin. Fruit and seeds
DW typical sapientum.,
6. M. Sanguinea, Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. £975; stoloniferous,
ĉaves petioled, Spike erect or finally drooping, bracts ovate-lanosoiato
^ad red, lower usually 3-fd., rachis pubescent, calyx bright yellow
ed, peta i -trigonous pulpy.
Asta, fetal as long as the calyx, fruit oblong-trig D
Stem 4-5 f ver 1 i ; petiole 1 ft. or
79 ft. y slender. Leaves 2 ft., thin, bright green; p oi
in. i bike H ft. ; bracts, crowded, imbricate, 3-6 in, Calyx 13 "ubi nig ack,
t thet i yellowish green, variegated with red. Seeds irregularly cubical, ,
" IMPERFECTLY KNOWN SPECIES ALLIED TO M. SANGUINEA. sided
bright o AMICA, Cat. Hort, Bull. 1871, 6; leaves about 1 ft. very unequal-side
git Breen.— Assam. NM
inflore AURANTIACA, Mann, mss., from Assam. I cannot by dried specimen of
“scence distinguish this from M. sanguinea. ` fruit
hairy DASYCARPA, Kurz in Journ. Agric. Hort. Soc. Ind. xiv. 301 (s.p.); fru
iry.— Assam,

lager Mawar, Wendi. mss.; differs from M. sangwinea in the shorter stem and
Ves. — Assam,
Java Cut Xoscoros, Lour. Fl. Coch. 645 (M. coccinea, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 47),
> vama, Cochin China, —Cultivated in India. . 3. bracts
à j (ELUTINA, Wendl. and Drude in Regel Gartenfl. xxiv. 65, t. 823,
Y pubescent externally, male fl. 6-9 in a cluster.—Assam, Mann.

24. LO WIA, Scortechini.

Stemless h . Flowers in à
» herbaceous. Stem dichotomously branched. d
luster from the base of the petiole, pedicelled, with a large persistent

264 OXLIX. SCITAMINEZ, (J. G. Baker.) [ Lowia-

lingulate bract folded round the calyx tube and others from the pedicel.
Calyz-Xube long, very slender ; segments 3, lanceolate, reflexed. Corolla of
3 petals; two upper small, lanceolate ; lower large, oblong, clawed. Fertile
stamens 5; filaments short, cylindric; anthers linear, acuminate, 2-celled.
Ovary 3-celled ; ovules many, superposed ; style long, slender, trifurcate at
the stigmatose apex. Fruit and seeds unknown. Orchidantha, N. E.
Br. in Gard. Chron. n. s. xxvi. (1886) 519.—Also Borneo.

L. longiflora, Scortech. in Nuov. Giorn. Ital. xviii. 308, t. 11.

PERAK, in the province of Kinta, Scortechini, Kunstler.

Whole plant 3—4 ft.; flower-bearing petiole 1} ft., flowerless much shorter ;
blade oblong, 2-3 ft. Calyz-tube 4-5 in.; segments rather shorter, 3 in. broad.
Upper petals equal, as long as the stamens; lower with a white oblong blade 2 in.
long, narrowed suddenly to a rather shorter purple claw. Style an inch longer than
the calyx-tube; branches of stigma channelled, margins toothed.

Order CL. HEEMODORACEZ.

Perennial herbs. Leaves usually radical, distichous, narrow, nerve
parallel. Flowers bisexual, in terminal spikes racemes in panicles, regular.
Perianth corolline, persistent; lobes 6, biseriate, imbricate or induplicate-
valvate. Stamens 6, opposite the perianth-lobes or fewer ; anthers erect or
versatile, 2-celled, rarely opening by pores. Ovary inferior or subinferior;
3-celled ; stigma simple or 3-notched; ovules 1-many, on the inner angles
of the cells, anatropous or semianatropous. Fruit superior or inferior,

dehiscent or not. Seeds various; embryo small, partially enclosed in the
fleshy albumen.

TRIBE I. Conostylese. Ovary-cel/s many-ovuled.
Flowers in a long simple spike or raceme . . . . 1l. ALETRIS.

TRIBE II. Ophiopogeneze. Ovary-cells 1-2-ovuled.
Filaments connate in a ring closing the mouth of the

prianth. =... ee, 2. PELIOSANTEES
Filaments short, free. Perianth short superior . . . 3. OPutoPOGON.
Filaments filiform. Perianth inferior tube slender . . 4, SANSEVIERA-

1. ALETRIS, Linn.

Leaves radical, narrow. Scape leafless; flowers small, short, spicate,
or racemed ; bracts 1-fld. Perianth-tube short, subcampanulate, lobes 8U^
valvate. Stamens 6, on the bases of the lobes, filaments very § ‘cle
anthers ovate or subglobose. Ovary half-inferior, top conic, 3-celled; sty o
3-partible, or 3-fid; ovules many, 2-seriate or elongate placentas. Cape
half superior, loculicidally 8-valved. Seeds minute, oblong.— Species ^
N. American and Asiatic.

will" litoralis, Kæn.; Wall. Cat. 5082, in Aloe vera, L. (A. perfoliatty
Villd.).

l. A. nepalensis, Hook. f.; leaves 5-7-nerved, flowers glabro
anthers subglobose, ovary glabrous, style very short, capsule globes x
ovoid. Tofieldia nepalensis, Wall. Cat. 5097; Royle lll. 385. Da
pogon pauciflorus & spicatus, Klotzsch in Bot. Reise Pr. Wald. 49, t. 94.

265
Alefrís,] CL. HÆMODORACE®. (J. D. Hooker.)

—15,000
TrwPsRATE and ALPINE HIMALAYA, from Kasmurg to BHOTAN, alt. 10-15,
ft,~—Disrrre. China. in odi 12 in.,
Leaves grass-like, 3-8 in. long, strongly nerved, rarely gin. e foe oe many-
nearly naked, glandular-pubescent or woolly above, Spike or rac edicelled ; bracts
fl, 1-4 in. ; tomentose flowers 1 in. long, greenish, EEN nae th: flowers, lower
1-2, close under the flower, linear, green, longer or shorter d 3-nerved.— Bureau
Sometimes 2 in, long; perianth-lobes oblong, obtuse, ve hat "To fieldia nepalensis,
and Franchet (in Morot, Journ. de Bot. V. 155,) observe t y lanuginosa; adding
erb. Strachey & Winterb. No. i appears to belong to their 4.
that Wallieh's plant should be called A. nepalensis, .
, scape
2. A. sikkimensis, Hook. f.; leaves T omne eed tulo " globosely
tall, spike very long, flowers glabrous, ovary glabrous,
ovoid.
Sixx HIMALAYA; Lachen valley, alt. 9-12,000 ft. J. D es 1-1 in. broad,
da je larger plant than 4. nepalensis, with short narrowe
and a

ae : d much
leafy scape with the raceme 1-2 ft. high, and with linear smaller an
harrower seeds,

dular-
3. A. khasiana, Hook, f.; leaves many-nerved, flowers glandu
pubescent, anthers oblong, ovary puberulous, capsule ovoi

Kwasta Hints, alt. A Gan ft., common, Griffith, Ze, . ed. Scape
eaves grass-like, 4-19 in., rarely } in. broad, closely striately nerv

i in. long, yel-
zi» glandular-pubescent above. Flowers usually sessile, ` very minute,
lowish-red, pinkish or purplish ; bracts as in A. nepalensis.
Teniform,

2. PELIOSANTHES, Andr. w, linear or lan-
Scapigerous herbs; rootstock horizontal. Leaves DL racemed, bracts
ate, subplicately nerved. Scape erect; flowers sma. nulate ; lobes 6,
Marius, pe, tf superior, tube short, broadly campa Manta fn a ring
subequal, Spreading. Stamens 6, filaments very short le slits introrse.
almost closing the mouth of the perianth ; anthers Ge 3-lobed ; ovules
“ry inferior, top free conical, 3-celled; stigma Sot Pn dohiscent. Seeds
or more, erect, basal in each cell, anatropous. Frui nd resting on the
ew, bursting through the pericarp during ripening, "embryo in the base
base of the withered perianth, tube fleshy or succulent; d Malayan.
Of the hard fleshy albumen.—Species about 8, Indian an haracters than those
„ The species of this genus are far from well defined. Better md in the number of
ithe 9 employed for distinguishing them may perhaps be fou
ovules, and form of the staminal tube and anthers.

* Bracts many-ftd,

i 2-94 by

l. P. Teta Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 605; leaves long Ne many-

1-3 in, nerves 10-20 scape stout shorter than the leaves, aa Bot. Mag.
Vor Wn in Trans. Linn. Soc, 1817, 8; Kunth Enum ker in Journ. Linn.

t. 1308 ; Redouté Liliac. t. 415, Reichb. Mag. t. 14; Bakerin” viridiflora,

hj wir 505. P. violacea, Wall. Cat. 5084 (in part ?)

Roxb, Fl, Ind. ii. 165. xo and BURMA.

Pay EIN Himataya, the KmasrA HILLS, Assam, CHITTAGO

NANG, Curtis. ,

tal hen dry. Scape
Leaves 9.5. i i i ; eross-nervules distinct w
naked or be 3 petiole variable in length; c

t the base;
mbranous sheaths a ien
ith a few scales above and large membrat ‘able in length ; pedicels
Deene 6. 19 in.; bracts 1-3 to every fuscicle of flowers, WER as large as a pea,
5 flower, loi; ` nh ^ bluish- green.
ivo |. "s 4-3 in. diam., purplish or bluis g
See Ho, 1-3 m. diam., purp

266 CL. HÆMODORACE®. (J. D. Hooker.) [.Peliosanthes.

2. P. Griffithii, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii. 506; leaves long-
petioled 6-8 by 13-22 in. strongly 5-nerved, scape very short.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA, Griffiths Collectors ; alt. 1500 ft. Clarke.

Leaves 5-6, with 5-distant nerves much stronger than the numerous others ;
petiole 8-10 in., very slender. Raceme many -fld. ; pedicels short, stout ; bracts long ;
flowers not seen. Seeds globose, about 4 in. diam. `

** Bracts l- rarely 2-fld. Flowers cernuous.

3. P. violacea, Wall. Cat. 5084; leaves 6-12 by 1j-9 in. long-
petioled, nerves very many, racemes usually shorter than the petiole many-
fid., flowers violet-blue. Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii. 502. P. Teta,
Wall. Cat. 5083 A in part. P. campanulata, Wall. mss.

EASTERN HIMALAYA, the Kuasa Hirrs, and BURMA. .

Habit of P. Teta and with flowers of the same size and colour, but solitary in the
bracts. Seeds $ in. long, oblong.—Baker has three varieties. 1. minor, wit
smaller fewer 5-7-nerved leaves and smaller green flowers; 2. Clarket, with more
conspicuous transverse nervules and a darker purple flower; 3. Princeps, more
robust, leaves broader, 4—44 in, diam., racemes longer, flowers greenish.— Moulmein,
Lobb.

4. P. macrophylla, Wall. mss.; Baker in Journ. Linn. Soe. Se
505; leaves petioled 10-18 by 3-4} in. elliptic-lanceolate nerves 13-
strong, scape long or short, raceme many-fld., flowers greenish or purple.

EASTERN HIMALAYA; Sikkim alt. 3-600 ft., J. D. H.; Clarke; Mishmi Hills,
Grifith.

The largest and stoutest Indian species, but I suspect only a further development
of P. violacea var, Princeps. Seeds globose or obturbinate.

>. P. neilgherriensis, Wight. Ic. t. 2052; leaves long-petioled 4-8
by 3-14 in. with 5-10 stronger nerves, scape about equalling the leave»
bracts short, flowers small. Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii. 909. ^'
longifolia, Steudel Pl. Canara Exsicc. n. 1306.

MALABAR and CANARA ; in the Ghats, Wight., óc. :

Leaves few, membranous, transverse nervules conspicuous; petiole 6-9 in. Wei
slender. Scape 4—6 in.; raceme as long; lower bracts many, À in., upper very
short; perianth dark purple, 4 in. diam. Seeds obturbinately ovoid.

6. P. courtallensis, Wight. Ic. t. 2057; leaves long-petioled 8-12
by 13-2 in. with 5 strong nerves, scape much shorter than the leaves, Gen
longer than the flowers. Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii. 504. P. 1e,
Wall. Cat. 5083 B.

TRAVANCORE ; at Courtallum, Wight., Ze, the

A much larger plant than P. neilgherriensis, with leaves twice as long 8$
scape and raceme, and long lanceolate bracts much exceeding the flowers. n
coloured drawing of this by Jerdon, the flowers are blue-purple, 4 in diam.

7. P. humilis, Andrews Bot. Repos. &. 634 (not of Baker); dwarf
leaves sessile or very shortly petioled elliptic-lanceolate 5-nerved, SC
short stout, raceme short, bracts ovate about equalling the sma
crowded very shortly pedicelled flowers. Bot. Mag. t. 1932 ; Kunth Enum
v. 307.

PENANG, Maingay. ut

Leaves about 3 in. long; petiole shorter than the blade or 0. Flowers abo i
iin. diam.; segments of perianth green margined with white, obtuse and emarg

Peliosanthes.] ` cu. HEMODORACER. (J. D. Hooker.) 267

. H 3 ae
mte in Andrews’ drawing, acute in that of the “ Botanical belegt they ar
little-known plant, Maingay’s specimens accord with the gure
flowerless,

8. P. Bakeri, Hook. f.; dwarf, leaves Kinert, 5-7-nerved,
petiole slender, Scape.very short, raceme Short, bracts su ers P. humilis,
all or the lower much longer than the small pedicelled flowers. P.

Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii. 505 (excl. Penang).

; Mishmi Hills
Eastern HIMALAYA, alt. 1-6000 ft, J. D. H.; Clarke; Mishmi ,
Uh. Kyasta HirLLs, alt. 83-5000 ft., J. D. H. & T. T. tiole as long. Raceme
Leaves 4-7 by 1-2 in., thin, subcaudately acuminate; H lower bracts nearly
ardly exceeding the petiole ; pedicels sometimes 4 in. long, ` Seeds small, oblong.—
in. perianth $ in, diam., green or lurid purple (Clar s the Calcutta Botanical
ere are cultivated specimens in Wallich’s Herbarium from
en under No, 5083 D.

ioled
9. P. albida, Baker in Bot. Mag. t. 7110; leaves Wee
"Derved, scape very short, raceme very long echt ed flowers.

neeolate longer than the small white shortly pedic

PENANG; Curtis. ; s strong ;

Leaves 12 by 1i-2 in., elliptic-lanceolate, audi an the potile eech
petiole about half as long as the blade. Raceme longer flexed; perianth 4—4 in.
strict, white 3 lower bracts i in. long, narrow ; flowers, vate : anthers very small
iam. ; outer Segments broadly ovate, inner orbicular-obov ‘eal tube. Ovarian cells
Within the much contracted mouth of the low truncate stam

about 9-ovuled, Styte short, columnar, stigma 3-lobed.

3. OPHIOPOGON, Ker.

longate
Scapigerons herbs, Stem short from a short (er ape leni ae
SUbscandent, Leaves linear or lanceolate parallel-nerv ny-ld. Perianth
eafless, flower. racemed ; bracts scarious, usnally ma M the segments,
miPerior, sep ments Spreading. Stamens 6, on the fe ior, 3-celled, crown
filaments short, erect; anthers basifixed. Ovary m vales 2 in each cell,
at or depressed ; style columnar, stigma 3-toothe Seas few as in Pelio.
Collateral, erect, anatropous. Fruit indehiscent. peed Aann hS

sanihes, testa fleshy or succulent.—Species 8 or 10, Eas

t. Mag. t. 1063) on

Ophicpogon Was established in 1807 by Ker-Gawler (Bot, minor of Thunberg
the figure of ^ plant supposed to be the Convallaria TO japonicus, referring to it
(n. Jap. 140), and to which Gawler gave the name of O. j

n specimen
. : inental garden speci
Vins Gawl. genuinus of Maximoviez ; the other is a continental gs

Tom Herb, G >

figured in § i

dede ia; all the Indian

ic, Pomicus hence disappears from the Flora of British whether or no any

Ke having slender styles; but I am not prepared to ten variable and
Other Indian species may be identical with Japanese. They are

268 CL. HEMOpORACEH. (J. D. Hooker.) [Ophiopogon.

difficult of definition, and I am not satisfied that all the species here proposed
will prove distinct from one another.

* Stem creeping and rooting; roots not tuberiferous.

1. O. draceenoides, Hook.f.; stem stout, leaves oblanceolate acumi-
nate very many-nerved, petiole slender, racemes about equalling the leaves.
Fluggea dracenoides, Baker in Trimen Journ. Bot. 1874, 174; in Journ.
Linn. Soc. xvii. 502.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA, and the KzasrA Hrs, alt. 4—6000 ft., J. D. H. sh

Stems prostrate, as thick as a goose-quill, closely jointed, clothed at first wit
green sheaths that have broad scarious margins, rooting and with short tusta of
leaves and flowery scapes. Leaves 3-6 in., including the petiole, 1-13 in. broad.
Racemes 2-3 in.; bracts shorter than the flower, which are solitary or fascicled,
white or pale lilac, i-i in. diam. Perianth segments ovate-oblong ; anthers
lanceolate, filaments very short; style filiform. Seeds oblong.

2. O. Clarkei, Hook. f.; stem prostrate with a terminal tuft of
secundly curved linear leaves which are 8-12 by A in., scape short late
flå., flowers $ in. diam., filaments one-third the length of the lanceolate
anther.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA, J. D. H.; at Rungbee, alt. 6000 ft., Clarke. . e

Stems 8-10 in. long, rigid, as thick as a crow-quill or thicker, bearing a
rather slender terminal tuft of very long slender leaves, which are faintly roug”?
beneath. Scape with the 3-5-fld. raceme curved, 3-4 in. long; bracts ovate-
lanceolate, about equalling the pedicels, which are jointed at or near the base.
In this species the stem is a long runner bearing a solitary tuft of leaves aD
scape.

,

3. O. reptans, Hook. f.; stem prostrate with distant tufts of linear
leaves which are 6-8 by 7-4} in., scape very short slender few-fld.

Kniet Hits, at Nurtiung, alt. 4-6000 ft. J. D. H. Garrow Bis alt
4000 ft., Clarke. ite

Stems 2-3 tt., prostrate, rather stouter than in O. Clarkei, rigid. Leaves qui
smooth. Scape with fruiting raceme 2-3 in. Seeds }—-} in. diam., subglobost
—Very different from O. Clarkei in habit, the numerous tufts of very Darin
shorter leaves, and the very short slender scapes. It closely resembles a Tonk!
plant (Balansa n. 4155 bis.).

** Stems tufted. Roots often tuberiferous.

4. O. Wallichianus, Hook. f ; rootstock short very stout, leaves
6-24 in. by i-i in., scape stout usually much shorter than the leaves,
flowers usually fascicled }-} in. diam., anthers lanceolate, filaments very
short broad. O. japonicus, Wall. Cat. 5139 A. O. japonicus, ear. Walt,
chianus, Maxim. in Bull. Acad. N. S. St. Petersb.; Mel. biol. vii. 321. V.
longifolius, Decne in Fl. des Serres, xvil. 182 (ex. Maxim. l. cl Fuge
Wallichiana, Kunth Enum. v. 303. F. japonica, var. Wallichiana, Baer
in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii. 501 (exel. syn. Blume & Royle).

TEMPERATE and SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA; from Kumaon eastward, alt.
6-9000 ft. Kuasia HILLS, alt. 4-6000 tt. . the

Distinguished from the following by the rootstock, usually as thick as es
thumb, sometimes 4-6 in. long, the stout scape longer or shorter than the ei
and the large flowers. Roots of long cylindric tubes, Leaves often dist
and recurved, nearly quite smooth. Raceme lax or dense-fld., sometimes ol"
with flowers nearly lin. diam.; bracts usually shorter than the flowers; p* »

|

Ophiopogon.] ^ cr. HÆMODORACEA. (J. D. Hooker.) 269

jointed about the middle; perianth white or pale lilac, segments variable in
th, obtuse ; anthers oblong-lanceolate, filament short and broad ; style slender.
Seeds 1-y in. long, oblong.—Kunth’s observation that the raceme is flexuous
maes me suspect that the Walliebian plant which he describes (distributed as
5139 of Herb, Wallich.) is a Nepal specimen of 5139 A. .
Var, pauciflora; more slender, leaves narrower, flowers few not fascicled.—
asia Hills, alt. 4-6000 ft. Intermediate between O. Wallichianus & intermedius,

5. On intermedius, Don Prodr. 48; rootstock short not very stout,
leaves 6-24 by 4—1 in, margins minutely erose, scape slender as long as
the leaves or shorter, flowers solitary or fascicled }-1 in. diam. white,
authers linear-oblong, filaments very short or 0. Royle Lil. 382, t. 96, f£ l..

-Japonicus, Wall. Cat. 5139 C. O. japonicus, var. intermedius, Maxim.
Mel. Biol, vii. 391. O. indicus, R. W., Rottl.?; Wight Ie, t. 2090.

7882 Jacquemontiana, Kunth Enum. v. 304. F. japonica, var. in-
wi, Schultes f. in Roem. & Sch. Syst. vii. 310. F. intermedia, Kunth

L2 .

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA ; from Kashmir eastwards, alt. 5-9000 ft. Kmasīa and
rees hills, alt. 5-7000 ft. Ghats of MALABAR, MYSORE, &e., Wight.
ON,
Except by the nsuall much smaller flowers and always narrow leaves, and
Sue anthers, this cannot be distinguished from small states of O. Wal-
Manus (however widely different the extreme states of each are). The following
a the most marked forms selected from some hundreds of specimens. They pass
that Thy another, and T fear into O. Wallichianus. The bracts are so variable
at I have omitted describing them, m
AI. l, occidentalis ; raceme suberect many-fld., flowers white about j in. diam.,
Sch often 3-2 in.— Western Himalaya, Khasia hills and Munnipore. ` à
white. 2. macrantha ; scape stout, raceme erect many-fid., flowers j-$ in. diam.
ar. 3. lan d 1 e very slender
4 a Parviflora; leaves very narrow secundly curved, scap lend
P » flowers 3-2 in, diam. white or pale purplish, pedicels very short.—Sikkim
aya, Khasia, and Munnipore hills.
ln ar, 4, pauciflora ; leaves long 1-1 in. broad not secund, scape usually very
g, race 5 3

me short decurved few.-fld., pedicels short, flowers 4-3 in. diam. (Wall.

Cat, 5139 0)
fliform, 5. grailipes ; leaves long very slender 1-3 in. broad narrowed into almost
White, Pettoles, scape slender, raceme few-fld. cernuous, flowers 3-9 1n. `

Lon 6-14 by 4 in.
4 ,,,"alcoImsoni, Royle TIl 382 (name only); leaves y
Ke Petioled tip obtuse, scape erect and raceme very slender, flowers
istin pan. solitary or in distant pairs, pedicels very short, filamen s
ct, anthers lanceolate acute. O. japonicus, Wall. Cat. 5139 G.

Jon: at Ri - Vallich

T "a Mgoon, M'Clelland, Kurz, ATTRAN, Wallick.
it facci elongate ‘Tinear-lanceolate obtuse leaves and long slender n lourer
than t be this.— Rootstock stout; roots fascicled, fleshy ; bracts usuai ans
White 9 PE pedicels jointed below the middle; perianth rather t be Ros les
> ye very slende eds 14 ». ellipsoid. — ume thi Mn
LX Ye very slender. Seeds i in. long, ellipsoid. PENA en no authentic

m

l

o Imsoni, a native of Rangoon, of which, however,
o micranthus, Hook. f.; leaves 10-20 by j- in. mE petioled,
lowers s58, Scape rather stout long or short, raceme suberect elongate,
Solitary 4 in, diam., anthers sessile oblong obtuse.

210 cL. HÆMODORACE®, (J. D. Hooker.) [ Ophiopogon.

Assam ; Mrs. Mack. . ith much

In foliage this resembles O. Malcolmsont, but the flowers are minute, with muc d
shorter perianth-segments, and very different anthers, the seeds also are smaller an
globose.

8. O. Griffithii, Hook. f.; leaves very narrowly elliptic-lanceolate
6-10 by 1-3 in. many-nerved narrowed into a very slender petiole, "P
obtuse, scape stout compressed, raceme lax-fld., pedicels very short.
Fluggea Griffithii, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii. 502.

UPPER AssaM; on the Patkoye hills, alt. 4500 ft., Griffith. tin
A very distinct-looking species, from the elliptic petioled leaves but not 1
. flower. Baker describes the seeds as solitary oblong 4 in. long, blue.

9. O. prolifera, Lindl. in Journ. Hort. Soc. 1 (1846), 76;_ rootstock
climbing and rooting, leaves % in. broad ensiform decurved bright gren
scape bright purple, flowers subsessile clustered obovate between fleshy
and spongy, stamens united by a short fleshy ring, ovary thin-skinne
adherent but not growing to the ovary 3-celled, ovules 2 erect in each ce ;
style pyramidal, stigmas 3 point-like. Mazim. Mel. Bot. vii. 129. Fluggee
prolifera, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii. 502.

Penang. T. Lewis (Cult. in Hort. Soc. Gardens, 1845). . "

I have seen no specimen.—A sketch of that in the Lindley Herbarium (now `
Cambridge) represents fragments of two strongly striated leaves 6-10 n. 008s
without apices and a stout scape, with clusters of flowers about f in. diam. SU
tended by broad ovate bracts. It a good deal resembles Liriope.

DOUBTFUL AND IMPERFECTLY KNOWN SPECIES.

O. INDICUS, Royle mss. Ill. 382 (name only).

O. MINOR, Royle mss. l.c. (name only), from Turanda in Kumaon, is probably
intermedia, var. pauciflora.

O. MOLLIS, Royle mss. l.c. (name only), “common in the Himalaya from the
Ganges to the Sutlej,” is probably Theropogon pallidus.

O.? PALLIDUS, Wall, Cat. 5138, is Theropogon pallidus. oh

O. SPICATUS, Ker-Gawl.; said by Don (Prodr. 47) to be from Nepal, Wallich
is Liriope spicata, a native of Japan and China, not hitherto found In India.

OPHIOPOGON, sp.? Munnipore, Watt, a small species not in flower, possibly
the Japanese O. japonicus.

4. SANSEVIERIA, Thurle.

Stout herbs with a short often stoloniferous rootstock. Leaves narrow,
cartilaginous or fleshy flat or terete, nerves immersed. Scape stout ;
flowers racemose, Perianth-tube long, slender, lobes narrow. Stamens ^
on the leaves of the lobes; filaments filiform; anthers dorsifixed. Ovary
superior, attached by a broad base, 3-celled; style filiform, stigma SE d
ovules solitary, erect in each cell. Fruit membranous, indehiscent. 5€ ia
1-3 ripening outside the pericarp globose, all large, or 1-2 imperfect ; tes
long, fleshy or succulent.—Species 10, Indian and African. .

1. S. zeylanica, Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 159; leaves 1-2 ft. ensiform Wo
terete attenuate from the base to the acuminate lip, deeply channe in
above, barred with green and edged with red, raceme short, flowers 1
long. Redouté Liliac, t. 290; Bot. Reg. 5. 160; Kunth Enum. PI. v. 4
Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 548. Aletris zeylanica, Mill. dict. No
A. hyacinthoides, var. zeylanica, Linn. Sp. Pl. i, 456. Aloe zey lane’
Jacq. Enum, Stirp. Agu. Vindot. 310.

Sansevieria.] ` ct. HÆMODORACE®. (J. D. Hooker.) 271

? CEYLON.—DISTRIB. ? Tropical Africa. . .
Leaves 1-1} in. broad at the base, very thickly fleshy and hard, margins scarious,
e 1-2 ft., with distant scarious sheaths; bracts $ in. long; pedicels short;
Petianth 14 in, diam.—The above description accords with Baker’s, and with the
plant figured in The Botanical Register, of which the origin is uncertain, but which
be long been cultivated as a native of Ceylon. It is stated to inhabit also Tropical
and South Africa ; which is more probably its native country.

2. S. Roxburghiana, Schult. fil. Syst. vii. 357; loaves 1-2 ft. nar-
Welt linear-ensiform narrowed towards the base semiterete channelled

ve green faintly clouded with black, scape slender, raceme elongate,

ers zin. long. Kunth Enum. v.18; Baker. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv.
2 S. zeylanica, Roxb. Pl. Cor. ii. 45, t. 184; Fl. Ind. ii. 161.—? Rheede
Hort. Mal. xi, t. 42 Moorva, As. Res. iv. 971.

Cogo ANDEL Coast, Roxburgh. . .

According to Roxburgh’s drawing (at Kew) this is a very different species from
>. zeylanica, with fewer very much longer and much narrower leaves reaching 4 ft.
i length, 1 in, broad, narrower at the base and not nearly so deeply channelled ;

Scape is more slender with few narrowly lanceolate sheaths, the raceme much

Tand the flowers smaller.— Whether it is Rheede’s xi. t. 42, which grows in
andy places on the Malabar coast, is doubtful. Roxburgh describes it as cultivated
for its fibre, I suspect that it is the only species indigenous to India and is confined
to the Western Peninsula and Ceylon, wild or cultivated.

Order CLI. IRIDEX.
Perennial herbs; rootstock various, Leaves narrow, often distichous
6. . Quitant, Flowers 9-bracteate. Perianth superior, petaloid, segments
iseriate, imbricating. Stamens 3, epigynous, or adnate to the outer
qu wth-segments ; anthers often narrow, extrorse. Ovary 3-celled ; style
em stigmas 3, simple or petaloid or variously cleft; ovules many,
Seal] te in the inner angles of the cells, anatropous. Capsule trigonous,
i loculicidal. Seeds many, testa thin or coriaceous; embryo

drei in the albumen, short, cylindric.—Genera 57, species about 700,
fy temperate,

el Monza, Stamens opposite to and shorter than the petaloid

Stigmatic surface on the back of the petaloid style-arms . . . . I. IRIS,
Tribe IL S
Rootstock a
slender , e. 1 . D... 1. CRocvs.
tstock creeping; stem erect ; perianth-tube very short . 2. BELAMCANDA.

ISYRINCHIER. Stamens alternating with the style-arms.
tunicate corm; stem 0; perianth-tube long

Rootst " 1. IRIS, Linn. Perianth
4 n oek bulbous or creeping. Leaves equitant, ensiform. eriantA-
i, [ss oF Short, Segments largo, outer (sepals) largest, stipitate, reflexed,

ak) usually smaller, suberect or reflexed. Stamens inserted a
gonone. of the outer segments; anthers linear, basifixed. pary
With style stout; stigmas petaloid, arching over the stamens, A
a transverse dorsal crest, stigmatic surface a point below he
fige, UP sule coriaceous, 3- or 6-ribbed. Seeds flat or globose, testa
mne fleshy -—Species about 100, North temperate regions.

272 CLI. IRIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) (Iris.

The Himalayan species of Iris are very imperfectly known ; good specimens and
drawings are much wanted, with descriptions from the living plants. 'The common
I. Xiphion of Europe and the East advances into Affgbanistan, but has not Wee
collected in British India, and Prof. Foster informs me that he suspects that e
European and Eastern I. Sisgrinchium, L., a species with the filaments united Zi
low, occurs in the Punjab. Itis a native of Affghanistan. The character of bear
and crested sepals is artificial and inconstant in this genus.

* Rootstock a coated bulb or corm (Xiphion).

1. I. Aitchisoni, Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 123; leaves slender subterete,
spathes 1-fld., sepals shortly clawed obovate, petals linear spreading,
stamens adherent to the style-arms. Xiphion Aitchisoni, Baker tn Gard.
Chron. 1876, i. 723; in Trim. Journ. Bot. xiii. (1873) 108; in Journ. Linn
Soc. xvi. 124.

The PANJAB; Salt range, alt. 3000 ft., Vicary, Aitchison.— DISTRIB. Afi-
ghanistan. fd.

Corm 2 in. long, ovoid ; coats brown, shining. Stem 4-14 ft., slender, 1-3. :
Leaves as long, 4 in. broad. Spathes 2-23 in., lanceolate, green. Perianth lilac 7
yellow; tube 1-14 in.; blade X in.; petals much shorter, spreading, limb d
3-cuspidate. I. Stocksii, Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 123, of Beluchistan, 18 closely ait
to I. Aitchisoni, but is a dwarf species with lanceolate plicate leaves. 5

Var. chrysantha, Baker, has the stem 2 ft., and much stouter and flowe
yellow.

** Rootstock stout, prostrate and creeping.

§ Sepals neither crested nor bearded.

2. I. ensata, Thunb. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ii. 328; leaves linear rigid
grooved glaucous, sheaths shorter than the fusiform ovary, flowers A
perianth-tube 0, blade of sepals rhomboidly ovate obtuse entire shorter tha
the claw, petals oblanceolate erect, style-arms linear tip acutely 2- i.
Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 199; Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvi. 139; t^ Ga o
Chron. 1876, ii. 323; Regel Gartenfl. t. 1011. I. biglumis, Vahl Enum i
149; Sweet Brit. Fl. Gard. Ser. ii. t. 187. I. trifora, Balbis Mise. 34
vii. t. 1; Redouté Lil. t. 481. I. Doniana, Spach. Hist. Veg. xii. ;
I. Pallasii, Fisch.; Reichb. Ie. Fl. Germ. t. 469 ; Bot. Mag. t. 2331. I. P
grans, Lindl, in Bot. Reg. xxvi.t. 1. I. longispatha, Fisch. in Bot. Mag. —
2528. I. Moorcroftiana, Wall. Cat. 5091; Don. in Trans. Linn. ic. x
315. I. pabulina, Naud. in. Rev. Hortic. 1888, $38 (name). Xiphion we
anum, Alefeld, in Bot. Zeit. (1863) 297. Ioniris Doniana, fragrans,
flora & Pallasii, Klatt in Bot. Zeit. 1872, 502. z

WESTERN HIMALAYA and WESTERN TIBET, alt, 5-9000 ft., Royle, &c.—DrSTRI^
Temp. Asia. ift

Stems tufted, short, or 13-2 ft., stout or slender, sheaths fibrous. Leaves ved
by }-L in. Spathes 3-4 in., 1-3-fld. ; valves lanceolate, green. Flowers pedice ctals
ovary lin., cylindric; blade of sepals 11-2 by 1-4 in., claw rather longer; p°?

: ‘ . | gin
} in. broad; style-arms l in., crests large, deltoid. Capsule 14-3 in., by ? P

6-ribbed, beaked, ribs rounded,
3. I. spuria, Linn. Sp. Pl. 58; leaves 1-3 ft. ensiform sogar,
strongly striate, spatbes 2-3-fld., flowers lilac, perianth-tube long, b ep
of sepals orbicular half as long as the claw, petals oblanceolate, styles `
deflexed. Bot. Mag. t. 58. 1131, 1314-5 ; Jacq. Fl. Austr. t. 43 each ‘ie.
Fl. Germ. ix. t. 345. I. Notha, M. Bieb. Cent. Pl. Ross. t. 77; Reich ' Fl
crit, x. t. 915. I. halophila, Bot. Mag. t. 875 (not of Pallas); Bows.

Orient. v. 128. Xyridion. Nothum and spurium, Klatt in Bot. Zeit. 1872,
499.

Tris, CLI. IRIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 273

Kaap, alt. 6000 ft., Clarke.—DisTRIB. Westward to Russia.

Stem 2-3 ft., sheathed. Leaves 4-1} in. broad. Spathes 2-3 in., linear-oblong,
firm, green. Flowers 2-3 in. diam., bright lilac; sepals } in. broad, claw keeled ;
petals 1-4 in. broad ; style-arms 1 in. long, crests small, deltoid. Capsule 1-2 in.,
bribed, long-beaked.—A very common Oriental plant. Baker refers the Kashmir
specimens to I, Notha as a variety with very stout stems, broad leaves and large
owers, .

4 I. aurea, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. xxxiii. t. 59; tall, stout, leaves
ensiform, spathes 2-3-fld., flowers long-pedicelled yellow, ovary as long as
° peranth-tube, blade of crisped and crenulate sepals oblong as long as
e claw, petals shorter oblanceolate, style-arms with entire broad incurved
QU Baker in Gard. Chron. 1876, ii. 584. I. crocea, Jacquem. mss.
Xyridion aureum, Klatt in Bot. Zeit. 1872, 501.

Western Himataya; Kashmir, Royle, Jacquemont. .

Stem 3-33 ft., stout, terete, with leafy sheaths, Leaves 13-2 ft. by 3-1 in.
Spathes 34 in. ; valves lanceolate, green. Flowers bright yellow; sepals 23-33 in.,
a elin, broad; style-arms 14-1} in. long, crests deltoid. Capsule 1} in. long,

ng, 6-angled, beaked.—Differs from I. spuria, chiefly in the yellow flowers.

i At Wattii, Baker mss. ; tall, stout, leaves broadly ensiform, flower-
sho ? Tacemose on stout long peduncles, spathes 2-3-fld., perianth-tube
rt infundibular, sepals obovate-spathulate, blade as long as the claw,
rather shorter obovate-oblong, style-arms with 2-fid laciniate tips.
ae PORE; summit of Kongui, alt. 6000 ft., Watt. MN
l-2 in with 5-6 flower-heads on erecto-patent peduncles. Leaves thin, 18 by
thin » as long as the stem, Spathes with the outer valve 1-1} in., lanceolate,
Steen; inner much shorter, oblong, obtuse; pedicels short, jointed with the
Flowers pale lavender blue, tube 4 in.; blade of sepals 2 in. broad, striped

pressed or. otan specimens from Griffith of this or an allied species have stout com-
grooved stems and firmer spathe-valves.

8 Sepals crested.

Beie Milesii, -M. Foster in Gard. Chron. 1883, i. 231; tall, stont,
Deen broadly ensiform, flower-heads branched, spathes many-fld.,
"tube rather short, sepals spreading, blade as long as the claw
Zar rei sharply toothed, petals as large spreading oblong undulate,
wt with a large fimbriate crest. Baker in Bot. Mag. t. 6889. _
TERN HIMALAYA ; Kullu and Parbutta valleys, alt. 4000 ft., Brandis.
Ee d as thick as the little finger, leafy Vapwards ; sheaths at the forks
She, 1 7,09 14-2 ft. by 1-2 in. broad, pale green, firm, strongly curve
Wi m., valves oblong, obtuse; pedicels short, jointed at the tip ;
lg in ID. diam., large; ovary clavate ; perianth-tube A in. ; _blade of pon
Jl, o disk Whitish with dark radiating purple blotches, margins purple, cres
e e-arms 1 in., blue-purple, crest square.—Possibly this is the tall ris
"än ¢ by Stewart (Panjab Plants, 241) as found in the Beas valley, alt.
t., and used for thatching.

7.1 1
her pat alensis, Don Prodr. 54 (not of Wall); stem slender, leaves
Dess 1-3.fd., flowers Ee pedicelled, perianth-tube slender,
YOL. yr, Pals oblong as long as the claw, crests narrow, petals : ong,

274 CLI. IRIDEE. (J. D. Hooker.) (Iris.

crests of style-arms large toothed, capsule 3-gonous with broad flat sides
and along slender beak. Sweet Brit. Fl. Gard. Ser. ii. t. 11; Baker in
Journ. Linn, Soc. xvi. 143; in Gard. Chron. 1876,1i. 97. I. decora, Wail.
Pl. As. Rar. i.77, +t. 86; Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. 313; Royle Ili.
372. I. suleata, Wall. Cat. 5049. Neubeckia decora and sulcata, Klatt
in Linnea, xxxiv. 588, 590.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA; from the Panjab and Western Tibet eastwards,
alt. 5—10,000 ft. Kasra He, alt. 5-8000 ft. .

Rootstock with densely fibrous sheaths, and copious fleshy finger-like roots ; stem
1-1ft.; flower heads 1-2. Leaves Gin. long at flowering time, elongating to :
by 4 in., streaked with purple lines and dots. Spathes 14-2 in. long, outer ü ve
thin, green, persistent ; pedicels very short. Perianth-tube lj in., limb 1- des
pale lilac ; blade of sepals } in. broad, crest yellow; petals 4 in. broad ; geg?
l in. and less. Capsule oblong, trigonous, 1-13 in., enclosed in the persistent spat. f
—Prof. Foster informs me that the roots are characteristic, resembling those 0 r
Hemerocallis. Hemsley (Journ. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 136) mentions a starved Kee e
this, 3-4 in. high, as having been collected in the Shan hills by General Collet
4000 ft. elevation.

888 Sepals bearded.
+ Dwarf species; stems 12 in. or less.

8. I. gilgitensis, Baker mss.; dwarf, leaves linear, flower-heads
solitary, spathe 2-fld., pedicels short, perianth-tube long, blade of in
small narrow oblong much shorter than the strongly bearded claw, pè
oblong.

WESTERN TIBET; at Gilgit, alt. 12,000 ft., Giles. in

Stems tufted, 4-6 in., basal sheaths entire. Leaves flaccid, 6-9 by H : É
Spathe 14-2 in., valves lanceolate green, margins pale. Perianth-tube less than n
limb 1} in., bright lilac ; blade of sepals } in. broad ; petals clawed ; style bre oe
$in., crests small, deltoid.—Differs from I. kumaonensis by the small blade 0
sepals. A single specimen only seen.

9. I. kumaonensis, Wall. Cat. 5052; dwarf, leaves linear, mE
head solitary, spathes 1-fld., pedicels very short, periauth-tube very "A
blade of sepals spreading cuneate obovate as long as the bearded € B
petals erect, blade oblong, capsule ellipsoid or subglobose beaked. To.
Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. 311; Royle Ill. 372; Baker in Gard. Chron. n
ii. 709. I. Kingiana, M. Foster in Gard. Chron. 1887, i. 611; Baker
Bot. Mag. t. 6957. I. tigrina, Jacquem. mss.

WESTERN HiMALAYA; from Kashmir to Kumaon, alt. 8-12,0C0 ft. iin

Stems 2-12 in., crowded; outer basal sheaths fibrous. Leaves 12-14 by 9 in.
Spathes 2-3 in., valves lanceolate, ventricose. Perianth-tube 2-2) in. ; limb m
bright lilac ; blade of sepals 3 in. broad, blotched with darker lilac, beard of ca".
yellow-tipped hairs on a white crest, blade of petals 4 in. broad; style-arms nous
long, crests deltoid acute. Capsule 1-2 in., narrowed at both ends, trigo
angles obtuse.— Don describes the sepals us blood-red with black-purple spots.

10. I. goniocarpa, Baker in Gard. Chron. 1876, ii. 710; in Jt
Linn. Soc. xvi. 145; dwarf, slender, leaves narrow linear, flower-n?
solitary, spathes 1-2-fld., flowers subsessile, perianth-tube long eF le
cuneately-oblong, keel strongly bearded, petals erect, blade oblong; cap
trigonous with broad flat sides and a long slender beak.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 10-13,000 ft., J. D. H. + tong

Stem 6 in., 1-leaved, sheaths fibrous. Leaves 6-8 by 4 in. Spathes 1 g^ bon
valveslanceolate persistent. Perianth-tube 4-8 in. ; blade of lilac ? sepals iin.

Iris.) CLI. IRIDEE, (J. D. Hooker.) 215

style-arms $in. ; crests large, deltoid, acute. Capsule exactly as in I. nepalensis, of
Which this may be a variety, but the sepals are strongly bearded.

. 1. 1. Duthieii, Foster in Gard. Chron. 1887, i. 611; dwarf, leaves
linear, flower-heads solitary, spathes 1-fld., perianth-tube very long, blade
of spreading sepals cuneate-obovate gradually narrowing into the bearded
lav, petals oblong obovate red lilac,
ESTERN HIMALAYA; Kumaon, Duthie (Hort. Foster). . :

ems to differ from J, kumaonensis, of which it is probably a variety, in the
reddish lilac flowers, with darker veins. Capsule 1} by 1 in., trigonous. As in
umaonensis the flowering precedes the mature leafing.

l 5 ag Hookeriana, Foster in Gard. Chron. 1887, i. 611; dwarf,
Zi linear, flower-head solitary, spathes three 2-fld., persistent perianth-
be short, blade of sepals obovate-cuneate gradually narrowing into the
“iy bearded claw, blade of erect petals narrowly obovate, capsule
sma ak ME beaked.
TERN HIMALAYA; Lahul (Hort. Foster). .
4h 5-6 in., sheaths torn. Ge Zoe A at the flowering season, at length
ge iL, pale green. Spathes about 5 in. long; valves lanceolate, ventricose.
weaith-tube } in. limb 13-2 in.; blade of sepals cuneate-obovate, 7 in. broad,
Phrplish blue blotehed with darker; claw white with violet veins, hairs of bear
Vo Yellow-tipped ; blade of petals } in. broad, suddenly narrowed into the £ an-
claw ; style-arms very convex dorsally, crests revolute deltoid, coarsely ser-
Capsule oblong,

H Stem 1 ft. or more.

cathy Clarkei k 88. ; all stout, leaves linear or ensiform
Zeie _Striate, Hlower-heale ge 1-9-fld., valves green to the
bd Pedicels nearly equalling the spathe, perianth-tube short infundibu lar,
small of sepals oblong-cuneate with a bearded erect claw, blade of pe
cblong, claw long, capsule oblong obtuse at both ends.

Sikkry HrwaravyA
, alt. 10-11,500 ft., J. D. H., Clarke. i iti
W otstock very stout, creeping, sheaths long, fibrous. Stem 10-24 eebe
d Stout, 2-leaved, Leaves not membranous at the tips, at length Lë: h lias
i m. Spathes 23-3 in., valves lanceolate, persistent. Perianth bright lila
lotched wA es 23 , le, pe in.; blade of sepals $ in.
broa ith violet, throat yellow; tube j in.; limb 2 in.; 1.9 in., oblon
igono o earms 1 in. long, bright lilac, crests square. Capsule 13- ry variable,
VI ous, yalves thick, rigid, keeled at the back.—The leaves are very variable,
and din, broad in small fld. specimens.
LOUBTFUL SPECIES. .
o of the following, except I. longifolia, all are supposed to be either garden plants
attenti lly garden escapes, and probably identical with Persian species.

I nof Indian botanists should be given to them. ` Req, 1840
Nise. pp EXA, Knowles and, Westec. Flor. Cab. ii. 19, t. 57 (Lindl. Bot. Së var.
nepal 5, 34; Baker in Gard. Chron. 1876, ii. 774 (in part). I. german lant of
the Fic Herb. in Bot, Reg. l. c. 34. Baker, who characterizes the P sit to

inte ral Cabinet, by the scarious tips of the spathes and deflexed stem, consi ers the

al Tmediate between germanica and pallida, but as he has included unde iew is
ensis of Royle & Wallich, some of which are certainly different, his wie the
dech Not correct, Herbert, who cultivated authentic specimens, ^f. "ermanica
and is 7 Stem ps due to its being grown in heat, and that it is a var. of g ?

; -nepa 513, Wall. in Bot. Reg. t. 818. . K n)
Dig, ASHMIRIAXA, Baker in Gard, Chron. 1877, ii. 744 (Kashmir to re white

wéi According to Baker, from J. florentina, in the sweet-scented pere white
stigmas m the spathe-valves scarious at the tips only, and the pure m

Wo-thirds as long as the perianth with large crests.
T 2

216 CLI. IRIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) (Iris.

I. LONGIFOLIA, Royle Ill. 372, t. 91, f. 2; Baker is disposed to regard this asa
long-leaved form of I. nepalensis, Don Prodr. (not of Trans. Linn. Soc.). Prof.
Foster thinks it is an entirely different plant, apparently allied to Z. ruthentca.

I. NEPALENSIS, Wall. Cat. 5050 in part, a native of Nepal and Kumaon. There
are two plants under this number in Herb. Wall., one a solitary specimen, with
spathes scarious throughout, the others with them green throughout. Of this lutte
there is an excellent drawing by Wallich's article made in Nepal. Except in ei
very pale flowers it may be a I. germanica; but Royle (Ill. Him. Pl. p. 372)
says that he perceived a distinct smell of Orris-root (as of J. florentina) in Wietor $
specimen, which is against its being germanica. The specimen with scarious valves
looks more I. florentina, but it has no roots. .

I. NEPALENSIS, Wall. mss. in Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 818 (from Nepal, Wallich).
This has the dark blue flowers of I. germanica, very unlike the Wallichian drawing
of I. nepalensis,it may or may not agree in colour with some of his specimen
Herbert makes it a var. of germanica, but gives no varietal character. Baker
cites it under deflexa. 2.

I. NEPALENSIS, Wall. ew I. Don.; in Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. 310. This is à
mixture of Wallich’s, Royle's and the Bot. Reg. nepalensis; in consequence n
which the root is described as fragrant, as in I. florentina, and used for similar
purposes. Don distinguishes it from germanica by the shorter scarious ventrem
spathes (while they are not in Wallich's plant!) entire sepals, longer slendere
tube, and more coarsely serrated'stigmatic lobes. Don has a variety with the o
undivided, sub 2-fld. shorter than the leaves, but these are characters of W allic
drawing of his type. :

I. NEPALENSIS, Wall. ew Royle 11l. 372, t. 90, f. 2. I have seen no specimen
of this, which is a native of Garwhal, on the ascent to Surkunda. It has a p
flower and ** orris ”? scented roots.

Crocus, Linn. .

Rootstock a sheathed corm; stem 0. Leaves radical, narrowly ling
channelled, margins recurved. Flowers solitary or fascicled, subsessié;
basal spathes 1-3 or 0 hyaline, floral embracing the ovary and sometimes `
narrow hyaline bract. Perianth funnel-shaped, tube very slender ; lim
subequally 6-lobed in two series. Stamens on the throat of the Deal:
filaments short, anthers longer, basifixed. Ovary 3-celled ; style filiform,
arms slender subentire lobed or laciniate; tips stigmatic. Capsule oblong:
membranous, loculicidal. Seeds subglobose.—Species about 70, Europe?
and E. Asian.

C. sativus, Linn. Sp. Pl. 36; sheaths of corm closely reticulate,
basal spathes embracing the scape 2-valved, flowers violet autumnal appen
ing with the leaves, throat of perianth bearded, anthers yellow, sty le-ar c
exserted orange-red subclavate tips entire or lobulate. Maw Gen. M
t. 20. C. sativus var. kashmeriana, Royle Ill. 374, t. 91, f. l; up
Panjab Pl. 239; Boiss. Fl, Orient. V. 100; Reichb. Ic. FI. Germ. t. 99^
Benth. & Trim. Med. Bot. 974.

KASHMIR, cultivated only. Native of South Europe. + ated iD

The Kashmir saffron is regarded by Royle as a variety of that cultivat
England, distinguished by the very dark violet blue flowers, yellow n
and brick-red stigmas, but this accords exactly with the common form gu
by Bentley and Trimen. `

. BELAMCAUDA, Adams. ants
Rootstock creeping; stem erect, leafy. Leaves ensiform, equite

Inflorescence branched, sheaths membranous; spathes several-fido P.

scarious; bracts scarious; flowers pedicelled. Perianth-tube very 8

Tris.) CLIL IRIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 277

segments oblong, spreading, subequal. Stamens inserted at the base of the
Penanth, filaments filiform, anthers linear basifixed. Ovary obovoid;
style filiform arms elongate, tips reniform stigmatic. Capsule obovoid,
membranous, loculicidal, valves reflexed, leaving the seed-bearing axis
Persistent and free, Seeds subglobose, testa lax shining fleshy within.

Soc’ B: chinensis, Leman in Red. Lil. t. 121; Baker in Journ. Linn.
P xvi. 113. B. punctata, Moench Meth. 599. Pardanthus chinensis,
Roe Konig & Sims Aun. Bot. i, 246; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. ii. 579 ;
n ei Il. 391; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1874; Flore des Serres t. 1632. P.
EIER, Sweet Brit. Fl. Gard. Ser. ii. 498, Ixia chinensis, Linn. Sp. Pl.
Vey 93 Pruct. t. 13; Bot. Mag. t. 171. Morwa chinensis, Murr. Syst.
4.93; Roxb, FI, Jnd. i. 170.— Rheede Hort. Mal. xi. t. 37.

oy Very doubtfully wild in the HiwALAYA, ascending to 6000 ft. Cultivated all
er INDIA ; a native of China.

Order CLI]. AMARYLLIDEZ.

a postok bulbous tuberous or a corm. Leaves radical. Scape naked
short o 0. dian genera). Perianth-superior, regular or irregular, tube long
Stame ; 6. limb 6-lobed or -partite, with sometimes a crown at the mouth,
or conn » On the bases of the segments, rarely epigynous, filaments free
lender 4 anthers erect or versatile. Ovary 3-celled; style stout or
of the ¢ sma simple or cleft; ovules many, 2-seriate in the inner angle
and Ke -» anatropous, Fruit usually capsular, loculicidal, rarely fleshy
ape a irregularly. Seeds few or many, albumen fleshy enclosing
Th A embryo. — Genera, 64, species about 650.
is plante pas Aloe, 4 cana, Linn. (A. cantula, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii.
I e, Agave americana, Linn. ; I
wos planted as a hedge in the Panjab (Stewart, jab Plants, 232) and intro-
the Decen here in India. A. vivipara, Linn, (Wight le. t. 2024) is naturalized in
neratinm Zeyhyranthes tubispatha, Herb. a Peruvian plant, resembling a sma
Ar from Kai) but, without a corona, is cultivated in gardens and found as an escape
om habitations.

à be I, Hyvoxipex,. Rootstock tuberous. Flowers spicate or racemose.
ary not produced abo . : : . . . L Hypoxis.
ve the crown into a stipes. . 2. CURCULIGO.

vary produced into a short or long stipes above the crown

Tribe IL. AMARYLUEX, Rootstock bulbous. Flowers umbelled.
Filaments free . . 2... s s. 8 CRINUM.

il ` to: 0. 5. .
aments united by a membrane 4. PANCRATIUM.

Root l. HYPOXIS, Zinn. ,

S0tstock tuber . lieal, narrow, strongly
n ous, or a coated corm. Leaves radical, » SU

tte "Flowers solitary, racemed, or umbellate. Perianth rotate, "Pa
the s Sessile on the top of the ovary, persistent. Stamens 6 on the base bé
style ai. ents; filaments short; anthers erect, dorsifixed. Ovary oc ;
ech ort, columnar, stigmas 3, erect, stout, distinct or connate; Wéi es
esta on, Capsule cireumsciss below the top or 3-valved. Seeds subglo ext
diffus justaceous shining beaked at the hilum.—Species about 50, widely
7 rare in Asia, many S. African. oe rrowly

linea: urea, Lour, Fl. Cochin. 200; villous or hairy, leaves narrow!
CAT, scape slender 1-2-fld., ovary and perianth lobes externally hairy,

278 CLII. AMARYLLIDEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Hypoxis

anthers sagittate. Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii. 108; Kurz in Miq. Ann.
Mus. Lugd. Bat. iv. 178. H. minor, Don Prodr. 53; Royle Il. t. 91, £. 5.
H. Franquevillei, Miguel Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 586. H. curculigoides, Wall.
Cat. 5164. Curculigo graminifolia, Nimmo in Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 215;
Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 276. gd

SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA; from Kashmir eastwards, ascending to 7000 ft. in
Sikkim. KnasrA HILLS, BENGAL, BEHAR and Burm4, and in the Western Ghats
from the Concan southward. (Not in Ceylon).—DisTRIB. Java, China, Japan.

Diccious, Rootstock globose, or elongate and erect, crowned with fibrous
remains of old leaves. Leaves 4-14 by Act in., subcoriaceous, keeled. Scape
1-4 in., filiform, hairy ; bracts setaceous. Ovary clavate. Perianth-lobes 3-3 10
elliptic-lanceolate, yellow, outer green on the back. Capsule 1—} in., clavate, at
length 3-valved, crowned with the erect perianth-lobes, walls thin. Seeds black,
tuberculate.

2. CURCULIGO, Gerin. f

Root.tock tuberous, or a coated corm. Leaves lanceolate and plaited,
or linear and flat. Scape short or long; flowers often unisexual, spicate
or racemed or subcapitate. Perianth usually produced above the ovary 9$
a solid stipes, bearing the rotate limb. Stamens ovary and seeds of Hypowis.
Fruit indehiscent, usually more or less beaked.—Species about 12,
tropical.

Sect I. Mozrniera. Perianth limb sessile or very shortly stipitate
above the ovary. ,

1. C. recurvata, Dryand. in Ait. Hort. Kew Ed. 2, ii. 253; leaves
long-petioled lanceolate plicate glabrous or with the nerves beneath hary,
scapes many flattened villous, flowers in a decurved subcapitate raceme,
ovary turbinate, berry globose hairy. Bot. Reg. t. 770; Rowb. Fl. Ind.
145; Benth. Fl. Austral. vi. 448; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. ii. 585; Wall
Cat. 5159. C. villosa, Wall. Cat. 5163 B. Moliniera recurvata, Herbert
Amaryllid. 84; Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii. 120; Kurz in Ann, Mus.
Lugd. Bat. iv. 175. M. plicata, Colla, Hort. Ripp. App. ii. 333, t. 18.
capitulata, Herbert l.c. Leucojum capitulatum, Lour. FT. Cochin. 199.
Hypoxis Saarpata, Zerb. Ham.

TROPICAL HIMALAYA; from Nepal eastwards, BENGAL, CHITTAGONG -

Burma. CEYLON; at Suffragam.—DisTRIB. Malay Islands, S. China, Australia.
. Rootstock tuberous. Leaves very variable, 2-3 ft. by 3-6 in., recurved, narrow t
into a channelled petiole 1-2 ft., villous below, glabrous above. Scapes 3-9 in., stow
or slender, bracts spathaceous, lanceolate, villous; heads of flowers 2-4 in. kw
villous ; flowers pedicelled. Ovary 4-} in., villous; bracts 1-1} in. ; cells der
10-ovuled. Perianth about 4 in. diam., outer segments villous on the back. uw
ments very short; anthers cohering. Berry 4-} in. diam. Stigmas sub Sov
shining. Seeds black, testa deeply closely grooved.

2. C. gracilis, Wall. Cat. 5760; leaves long-petioled lanceolate plicat?

glabrous, scapes many flattened tomentose, flowers in a decurved dens

elongate raceme, ovary oblong tip narrowed, berry oblong ?. Molin

gracilis, Kurz in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. iv. 177; Baker in Journ. Inn

Soc. xvii. 120. , ,
TnuoricAL HIMALAYA ; from Set al, Wallich, eastwards.

, Habit, &c., of C. recurvata, of which it is probably a form, but more send
with the ovary oblong and the inflorescence elongate. Wallich’s specimens /'".
leaves 8-12 by 3-1 in., short woolly scapes, few-fld. loose racemes, and flower? ^, yst
diam. Sikkim specimens have stoutly petioled leaves 23 ft. by 43 in., and oe
scape 6-12 in. The var. Jamesoni, Baker l. c. 121; with leaves rigidly coriac
flowers subsessile in a dense globose head I should refer to recurvata.

Curculigo, CLII. AMARYLLIDE®. (J.D. Hooker.) 279
g

3. C. crassifolia, Hook. f.; leaves long-petioled elliptic-lanceolate
thickly and rigidly coriaceous plicate glabrous above beneath white-tomen-
tose, scape flattened stout densely tomentose, flowers in a very large dense
oblong raceme, bracts glabrous or woolly, ovary oblong top silky, berry
oblong. Moliniera crassifolia, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii. 191.

" on Himataya, J. D. H. Kyasta Mrs., alt. 5-5000 ft., J. D. H. & T. T.,
ann, Clarke,

Leaves 2-3 ft, by 3-6 in., strongly closely plicate; petiole 1 ft. stout. Scape

in.; raceme 3—4 in. ; bracts 1-1} in., very variable; lower flowers pedicelled .
Perianth segments 2 in. outer hairy or villous externally. Berry } in. long. Seeds
globose, black, granulate,

* €. Finlaysoniana, Wall. Cat. 5162; leaves petioled elliptic-
lanceolate plicate glabrous, scape very short villous, flowers in a lax erect
or inclined few or many fld. raceme, bracts linear, ovary fusiform or clavate
villous, berry oblong. `? C. pauciflora, Moon Cat. Pl. Ceyl. Hy De? in
chocarpa, Wight Ic. 1,9045; Thwaites Enum. 323; Kurz in Ann. Mus. CH

at. iv. 178. H. latifolia, leptostachya, pauciflora and brachystachya,
Wight lo.t.2044 9046. Moliniera Finlaysoniana, Baker in Journ, Linn.
i. 121

Soe. xvii, 121, . .
4, LMAYANCORE and MALABAR, Wight, &c. CEYLON; central province, ascending
0 5000 ft,

Leaves 12-24 b 1 j i finely acuminate, sometimes sparsely

. ` y l-1} in., thin, 5-nerved, finely : ? - : 5
"IY, petiole very slender." Scape short, slender ; pedicels 1-13 in» a P
racts filiform, Racemes with the upper flowers male. Perianth Noe 5 void-
long, of males shorter. Fruit 4-8 in., carved, few seeded, walls thin. Seeds o
“long, finely deeply striate, black, shining.

ar. linearifolia, Thwaites l. c., has narrow almost linear leaves.

, Beet, IT. CURCULIGO PROPER. Ovary narrowed into a long beak or

Stipes Supporting the perianth-limb.

5. C. orchioides, Gertn. Fruct. i. 63, t. 13 ; polygamous, leaves long-
or Short-petioled or subsessile lanceolate membranous plicato glabrons
Scape very short subterranean, flowers subsessile, bracts lanceola th long
Tanons, Ovary small amongst the leaf bases, stipes of the pertant Linn.

form, stigmas 3 erect separate, capsule oblong. Baker in “Th aites
Soe. xvii, 124; Roxb. Cor. Pl. i. 14, t. 13; Fl. Ind. ii. IE IL. Cat
um, 3245 Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 215; Bot. Mag. t. 1076; Pa 2043;
108: Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. Wi. 685. C. malabarica, Wight Ze. Kc,
5 dis. & Gibs. Bomb, Fl, 976. C. brevifolia, Dryand. in Ait. Hot Gite l.c.
a 99; Wight Ie. t. 2043; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 215; Dalz. ET
al dulcis, Steud, Pl, Hohenack. No. 135. Gethyllis "Soc. Beng. 1870,
ma E major, Zoll. ex. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc, Deng. '
1 84.— Rheede Hort. Mal. xii. t. 59. . 00 ft. The
K SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA ; from Kumaon eastwards, ascending to 60 uthward.
HASIA Hurts, MuxNiPoRE . and the WEsTERN Guiars from the Concan so
= ISTRIR, Java. , ti roportion.
Le Rootstock tuberous or elongate, sometimes 1 ft. long and stout le d'in” or less.
“ves 6-18 by 4-1 in. tips viviparous on reaching the ground ; petiole distichous
lA l in., clavate, flattened, hidden by the leaf-sheaths ; fow nents ]-3 im.
OWest 2-sexual, the rest all male ; bracts lanceolate ; perianth a cleft ; cells 6-8
Nie. Villous, the stipes and perianth alone epigaeous ; stigma, n septa spongy.
ued. Capsule 1 in., oblong, hypogeous, 1-4 seeded, beak slender ; sep )
` ‘ong, oblong, deeply grooved in wavy lines,
With no Ovary, style or stigma. de

black, shining. Male jl.

280 CLII. AMARYLLIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Cureuligo.

6. C. latifolia, Dryand. in Ait. Hort. Kew, Ed. 2, ii. 253; poly-
gamous, leaves long-petioled lanceolate membranous plicate glabrous or
sparsely hairy beneath, scape very short villous or 0, flowers sessile in an
hypogeous oblong or globose head with the filiform stipes of the perianth
epigzeal, bracts ovate-lanceolate acuminate hairy, style filiform, stigmas 3
small. Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii. 125; Bot. Mag. t. 2034; Bot. Reg.
t. 754; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 585. C. sumatrana, Rorb. Fl. Ind. i
146; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 443; Wight Ic. t. 9042. Moliniera sumatrana,
Herb. Amaryllid. 84. M. latifolia & plicata, Kurz in Ann. Mus. Lugd.
Bat. iv. 176.

Burma, the MALAY PENINSULA and ANDAMAN IsLANDs.—DisrRiB. Malay
Islands. .

Rootstock hardly any; base of stem stoloniferous. Leaves 1-2 ft. by 143-25 ins
petiole 1 ft. or less. Ovary oblong or globose ; stipes of male fl. much longer than
of the bisexual and more slender. Fruit 1 in. long, clavate or pyriform, hairy.
Seeds black, shining (granular in Wight’s figure).

There are four principal forms :—1. Leaves 11-2 ft. by 4-5 in. sparsely villous
beneath, petiole slender, flowers small in a dense ovoid head (Singapore, Java)—
2. Leaves 1-1} ft. by 1-1} in. sparsely villous beneath, petiole slender, heads small,
flowers larger } in. diam. (Wight Ic. t. 2042 and Andaman Islands).—3. Leaves
1-1} ft. by 14-2 in. glabrous beneath, petiole slender, heads small few-fld. (Penang
Malacca).—4, Leaves 8-12 by 2-3 in., quite glabrous, longer than their petioles,
heads dense-fld. (Burma, Malacca, Borneo).

Var. villosa, Baker l. c. ; leaves coriaceous cobwebby beneath, petiole very stout,
heads dense-fld., bracts oblong obtuse and nearly glabrous. C. villosa, Wall. Cat.
9763 A; Kurz. Le Singapore, Malay Islands.—Perhaps a distinct species.

3. CRINUM, Linn.

Rootstock bulbous. Leaves elongate, lorate or ensiform. Scape solid.
Flowers large, umbelled ; spathes 2; bracts linear. Perianth funnel- or
salver-shaped, tube straight cr upcurved, lobes linear-to oblong. Stamens
on the throat of the perianth, erect spreading or declinate ; anthers linear
dorsifixed. Style filiform, stigma minute; ovules few or many. 47"
subglobose, membranous or coriaceous, bursting irregularly. Seeds few,
large, rounded, testa thick; albumen very copious.—Species about 60,
tropical Asiatic, African, Australian and American.

. The identification by herbarium specimens of this genus is impossible, and I hav
little confidence in the following attempt to systematize the Indian ones, 1n whic
have been guided by Herbert and Baker.

Sect. I. SrENASTER. Perianth erect, salver-shaped, lobes linear. Stamen
very long, spreading.

1. C. asiaticum, Linn. Sp. Pl. 419 (in part); leaves very maty
3-4 ft. by 5-7 in. flat, scape 11-2 ft. compressed, spathes 3—4 in., umbe!s
10-50-Ad., pedicels 4-1 in., perianth-tube 3-4 in.,.lobes as long much long? `
than the filaments. Kunth Enwm.v.547; Baker Handb. of Amaryllid. (2i
Herb, Amaryllid. 243; Dalz, & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 275; Bot. Mag. t. 107:
Wall. Cat. 8969 A, in part, E, F. C. toxicarium, Roxb. Fl. Ind. u. 134;
Fight Ie. t. 2021-2; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 669. Amaryllis carnosa, Jr"

am.

Throughout TROPICAL INDIA, wild or cultivated. CeyLoN; common On the
coast, Thwaites.

. Bulb very large, neck 4-5 in. Leaves thin, edges smooth. Scape often er
diam. ; sheaths thick. Flowers white, fragrant at night, tube greenish ; lobes re

, ` 2
Crinum.] CLIL AMARYLLIDEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 281

lute, Stamens often reddish ; anthers 1-2 in. Fruit subglobose, usually 1-seeded.
—Much the largest Indian species. . h

Var. procera, Baker 1, c.; leaves 5 ft. by 6 in., perianth-tube and lobes eac
ee latter tinged with red C. procerum, Carey ex Herb. in Bot. Mag.
t. .

2. C. defixum, Ker in uart. Journ. Sci. iii. (1817), 105; leaves few
23 ft. by 2-1 in. erect dée obtuse concave, scape 15-2 ft. stout, umbels
5-15-fld., spathes 1à-2 in. ovate-lanceolate, perianth white, tube 21-3 m
oves nearly as long narrowly linear-lanceolate much longer than, the
stamens. Herb, Amaryllid. 955; Kunth Enum. v. 562; Bot. Mag. t. b.
Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 962; Baker Handb. Amaryllid. 76. C. asiaticum, Roxb.
D. dnd. ii, 127; Wall. Cat. 8969, G, H, T in part. C.asiaticum eye.
angustifolinm, Wal. Cat. 8969 G, H. Amaryllis vivipara, Lamk. Encyc.
1128. A. coenosa, Herb. Ham. : :

- Swampy river banks throughout Innra. ? CEYLON; in the hotter drier regions,

waites, A

Bulb with a fusiform stoloniferous base, neck cylindric. Flowers e fragrant
at night, tinged with red. Filaments bright red; anthers } in. Fruit subglobose,
m. diam., 1~2.seeded.

3. C. ensifolium, Rorb. FL Ind. ii 129; leaves erect 12-18 by
l-l} in. ensiform tapering to the acuminate tip concave, scape 31 in
sender, umbels 10-12-fid., spathes 12-2 in., perianth white tu dé
Zher longer than the linear lobes which are about as long as the 363. C.

erb, Amaryllid, 255; Bot. Mag. t. 2301; Kunth Enum. v. ef
defixum, var ensifolium, Baker Handb. of Amaryllid. 76. C. Roxburghii,

pun Cat. Boot PL 215. Dalz d Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 275.—Rheede Hort.
Malab, xi. t. 38.

Banks of the DECCAN ri EGU, Carey. ;

I follow Roxburgh and Herbert in keeping this distinct from defivum eene

© gradually acuminate leaves, as well represented. by Bheede. s asiaticum
(i, B "med C. asiaticum (No. 1395) is clearly this and not f «Ditch
\deivum), Herbert suggests the union of the two under the cadi I forming
trinum,” ing marsh plants, with fusiform stoloniferous caudices,
Prolongations of the base of the bulb.

4. C. Wattii, Baker Handb. of Amaryllid, 76 ; leaves dd pedes
| scape 1j ft. rather stout, umbel 6-8-fid., spathes b half as long
ate, pedicels very short, perianth-tube 3 in. very slender, lobes "

ameng equalling the lobes.

MUNNI PORE, alt. 4000 ft.; in grassy places, Watt.

: s scure species ;
iti “9 ovoid, 2 in, diam., neck very short. Anthers j in.—A very ob are lear ag
n g ficult in dried specimens to determine whether the corolla

ect, Sten

9,

aster, or lanceolate as in Sect. Platygaster.

4 c. Stenophyllum, Baker in Gard. Chron. 1881, 756 ; Handb. f
smaryllig, 75; leavas 3 ft. by 2 A in. linear flaccid, scape very slender
Wl umbel 4~6-fid., spathes 2 in. lanceolate, pedicels } in., 3 Wal.
Ca Lg oa very slender, lobes half as long or longer. Crinum sp.

Burma; at T

> D avo , G D H 1 H f om
Bike D Only from Wallies specimen, but Clarke has very die, Pe decidedly
i Nagpur and Bengal, except in that their perianth-lo

. Wallich's
to be rath, as indeed I should be dispcsed to consider the perianth-lobes of Walli
3

er than linear,

282 CLII. AMARYLLIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Crinum.

6. C. pusillum, Herb. Amaryllid. 255, t. 32, f. 3; leaves few Jj
than 12 in. long 1-i in. broad erect, iinear acute, umbels few-fld., pedicels
upwards of 1 in., perianth-tube 3 in., lobes nearly as long an inch longer
than the stamens. : Baker Handb. of Amaryllid. 77.

NICOBAR ISLANDS. . like C

A very little-known plant, assumed by Herbert to be stoloniferous, like t^
deficum, The bulb is described as 4 by 2 in., columnar, cylindric.

Sect. II. Puatyaster. Perianth erect, salver-shaped, lobes lanceolate.
Stamens very long, spreading.

7. C. humile, Herb. in But. Mag. t. 2636; Amaryllid. 256 ; leaves
about 12 in. linear pitted on the surface, margin smooth, scape abont e
long subcylindric, umbels 6-9-fld., spathes 2-3 in. lanceolate, pedicels sho *
perianth-tube 3 in., lobes linear-lanceolate rather longer than the stamens.
Kunth Enum. v. 563; Baker Handb. of Amaryllid. 81.

TROPICAL ASIA. anth-

Bulb globose, green, neck short, Leaves spreading, nearly flat, acute. Peria a
tube green, lobes narrow white acute; filaments very slender, purplish, anthers pe
long.—The Bot. Mag. plate and description are the only authority for this mo >
which may not be Indian. It was brought from the East by a Capt. Cragie ted be
Milne, of Fulham Nursery. Baker doubtfully refers to it a plant collected 9j
Stocks, which is C. brachynema, Herb.

8. C. amoenum, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 23; Fl. Ind. ii. 127; "sinl
14-2 ft. by 1-14 in. suberect ensiform acuminate margin gubsca m m.
scape 1-2 ft. rather slender subcy lindrie, umbels 6-12-fld., spathes . ear-
lanceolate, flowers subsessile, perianth-tube 3—4 in., lobes 9-9 in. r 2.
lanceolate rather longer than the red filaments. Kunth Enum. 7 Cat
Herb. Amaryllid, 255; Baker Handb. of Amaryllid. 81; Wall.
8971. +, Sikkim.

TROPICAL HIMALAYA; from Nepal eastwards, ascending to 6000 ft. in >
The Knasta HILLS, SILHET and Burma, Roxburgh, Ee, cumi-

Bulb globose, 2-3 in. diam. Leaves 10-12, tapering from the base to the ac cells
nate tip, bright green. Perianth white, tube green; anthers 4 in. Ovary
4-5-ovuled.—Herbert describes 2 vars. ; namely caudicea, from Ceylon, wit
margins of the leaves and a cylindric neck of the bulb; and verecunda,
Rangoon, with more obtuse humifuse lacunose leaves,

9. C. Stracheyi, Baker in Gard. Chron. 1881, ii. 72; Handb d
Amaryllid. 81; leaves 2 ft. by 11-2 in. lorate thin acute margin 80 ech
culate, scape 13-2 ft. stout, umbels 12-15-fld., spathes lanceolate, pe

. : the
3-1 in., perianth-tube 3-33 in., lobes 2-24 in. hardly longer than
filaments.
Kumaon, in gardens, Strachey and Winterbottom.
Known imperfectly, and only as a garden plant. .
-9 m.

1
10. C. pratense, Herb. Amaryllid. 256; leaves 13-3 ft. by ad gang
linear channelled margins entire, scape 12 in. or more decumben pd
pressed, umbels 6-12-fld., spathes 2-3 in. deltoid-lanceolate, age the
sessile, perianth-tube 3-4 in., lobes about as long rather longer t 22 C
stamens. Kunth Enum. v. 563; Baker Handb. of Amaryllid. Quart.
longifolium, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 23; Fl. Ind. ii. 130; Ker-Qawl. m
Journ. Ke. & Arts, iii. (1817) 107.

Plains of INDIA and Burma,

p oF
Bulb 4-5 in. diam., ovoid or spherical, neck 2-23 in. Leaves 6-8, suberec

Crinum.] CLIL AMARYLLIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 283

declinate. Flowers fragrant, white; filaments red. Ovarian cells 3—4-ovuled.—
Roxburgh’s figure of longifolium represents a plant with a bulb 44 in, diam. having
a neck 2-2} in., leaves obtuse concave ciliolate, scape very stout, flowers sessile,
perianth-tube 33-4 in., stout, green, lobes 3 in. by j in., linear, obtuse, greenish
externally, filaments as long, red, anthers 2 in., yellow.—Herbert and Baker include
under C, pratense, the C. lorifolium, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 131, from Pegu, with weak
spreading leaves 4—5 ft. long; C. elegans, Carey (Bot. Mag. t. 2592), with a nar-
rower long.necked bulb and the perianth lobes an inch shorter than the tube (in
the Bot. Mag. drawing the leaves are acute and the perianth lobes longer than the
tube) ; C. venustum, Carey, from Silhet, with 30-fld. umbels; C. canalifolium, Cavey,
with leaves an inch broad, more channelled, rather glaucous, and about 10 flowers
pale reddish externally.

Sect, TIT. Coponocrinum. Perianth funnel-shaped, tube upcurved, lobes
oblong or lanceolate. Stamens very long, declinate.

in Bot. Reg. t. 1297 ; Wight Te. t.2019, 2020; Baker Handb. of Amaryllid.
87; Andr, Bot. Rep. t. 478. C. zeylanicum, Linn. Syst. Veg. 263; Can
le, 573; Rowb. l. c. 138; Bury Hervand. Pl. t.29; Baker l. c. 87; Wall.

ttianum, Herb, Amaryll. 262, 263 ; Kunth Enum. e, 974. C. speciocissi-
pm, Herb, in Bot. Mag. sub t. 9191. C. Herbertianum, Wall. Pl. As.
jir-ti, 89, t. 145. O. insigne, Schultes Syst, vii. 859. C. Walliehianum,
Roem. (v Linnei, Roem. C. Careyanum, Herb. in Bot. Mag. t. 2466. C.
peluccanum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 140; Bot. Mag. t. 2292. C. wg
si Cat. 8969 B in part, C, I, in part. Amaryllis zeylanica, Linn. Sp "m

9. A. insignis, Ker-Gawl. in Bot. Reg. t. 579. A. latifolia, Z. Herit.

dot ngt 14; Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 57; Ker-Gawl in Quart. Journ. Sci. d
Arts, iii. 114

As btoughout INDIA, BURMA and CzYrox, wild or cultivated. — DISTRIB. Tropical
; :

Bulb 5-6 in, diam., globose, neck short. Leaves bright green, kee led and waved.
whee and spathes green reddish or purple. Flowers very variable in size, rag t le
TE more or less streaked or tinged with red towards the centre or re E
ja mes nearly all over the backs of the lobes, Filaments 24-3 "Pam uite
unable | Ovarian cells 5-6-ovuled. Fruit subglobose, 13-2 in, diam.— to be dis-
ti e to find any characters whereby C. latifolium and zeylanicum are fied
guished, and Mr, Baker gives none. The name C. ornatum seems to * ah or
m ES of either or to include both, and so of the other forms cited above, i Beie) nts
ofthe them have specific characters, they remain to be indicated. Herber d Sciences.
in his à (and of the species generally) in the Quarterly Journal of Arts "his work on
Ama; jj umeration of the species in Bot. Mag. under t. 2121, and jf C. latifolium,
in the lids, are all singularly unclear. Of all the figured forms that o "ch maller
size * Botanica gister, t. 1297, differs most from the others in iis ee erianth-
tube, an, white undulate perianth lobes faintly suffused with pink, bert under C.
‘am style twice as long as the stamens, It is included by He ceylanicum as
tative as longistylum.—Roxburgh describes both latifolium an “am ornata,
ot j^! Bengal, and thus distinguishes them. C. latifolium, Linn. m ‘margins
scabro g.t. 923) ; bulb Spherical, leaves 3-5 in. broad lanceolate o chite, anthers
uS, scape 12-24 in. compressed green 10-20-fid., flowers almost white,

984 CLII- AMARYLLIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Crinum.

yellowish grey. C. zeylanicum, Linn. (Am. ornata, Bot. Mag. t. 1171. A. lineata
Lamk.), bulb smaller ovoid abounding more with cobweb-like fibres, leaves muc
narrower linear-lanceolate keeled, midrib much more prominent, margins much hei
waved perfectly smooth, scape longer 10-12-fld., flowers smaller colours very bright,
anthers brown.

Sect. IV. Bracuynema. Perianth nodding, funnel-shaped, lobes
oblong. Stamens erect, filaments shorter than the anthers.

12. C. brachynema, Herb. in Bot. Reg. 1842, Misc. 36; leat
1-9 ft. by 3-4 in. broadly lorate margins smooth, scape 12 in., umbels

15-20-fld., spathes lanceolate, flowers pedicelled, perianth-tube 13-2 3"
lobes 2 by 2 in. many times longer than the stamens. Bot. Mag. f. 5937;
Flore des Serres. t. 2303; Baker Handb. of Amaryllid. 88.

The Concan; Woodrow, Stocks.

Bulb as large as the fist, ovoid, neck very short. Leaves produced long Ce
flowering, concave, not keeled. Scape 8-12 in.; spathes greenish. Flowers fragrant,
white; anthers yellow; style short, included in the tube.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.

C. BREVIFOLIUM, var. a, Hort. Beng.; C. bracteatum, Bot. Reg. t. 179; mE
in Bot. Mag. under t. 2121, f. 4. * From Sundeep near Chittagong.” —Roxburg =
C. brevifolium (Fl. Ind. ii. 129, introduced into the Calcutta Gardens from r
Mauritius) is a native of the Seychelles according to Baker, and referable to oh
bracteatum, Willd., and to asiaticum, var. bracteatum, Herb., it is a Stenaster Wi
lorate leaves 1-13 ft. by 3—4 in. broad with crisped margins, scape much compres
10-20-füd., perianth-tube slender 23-3 in., lobes white; cells of ovary pen
Specimens of any Sundeep Crinum should be procured for the determination o
plant.

C. CANALIFOLIUM, Herb. in Bot. Mag. under t. 2121; Amaryllid. 258 (5
canaliculatum, Carey, non Rock), is altogether doubtful. (See under 10 prae^"

C. ERYTHROPHYLLUM, Carey mss. ez Herb. in Bot. Mag. sub t. 2121; Amaryl
259), from Rangoon, with deep blood-red leaves, is mentioned by Herbert as 9a
been cultivated in Calcutta by Carey, but lost before flowering.

C. MACROCARPUM, Carey mss, ex Herb. in Bot. Mag. l. c., from Rangoon P
doubtfully referred by Herbert and Baker (Handb. of Amaryllid. 75) to Cum ^ vet,
Roxb. (Bot. Reg. t. 1049), a species of sect. Stenaster, with long narrow rig}

the fruit as large as a. man's fist, and seeds 2 in. broad.

C. (Stenaster) PEDUNCULATUM, Br. Prodr. 297; Bot. Reg. t. 52; Bury Hexand-
Pl. t. ii.; Herb. Amaryllid. 246; Baker Handb. of Amaryllid. 77. This £ Zeg
lian species probably occurs in the Malay Islands and Peninsula. A leafless CY “300
from Penang (Curtis, No. 1274) and Wallich’s C. asiaticum, 8969 D, from Fin nz
(Siam ?) strongly resemble it. It differs from C. asiaticum only in the tock.
pedicelled flowers, and according to the Bot. Reg. in the elongated jn"

Jentham (Fl. Austral. vi, 455) doubts the Bot. Reg. plant being the true pe^
latum, and suspects that the true is only C. asiaticum (as do I).

C. (Platyaster) srRICTUM, Herb. in Bot. Mag. l. c. aud t. 2365 ; Amar
253, 401; Baker l. c. 86 (C. Herbertianum, Schult, Syst. vii. 871); bulb m.
ovoid, leaves 12 by 2-23 in. suberect lorate obtuse margins smooth, scape twie ip.
long as the leaves, umbels about 4-fld., spathes 3—4 in., perianth-tube about e,
green, lobes 3-4 by $ in. white an inch longer than the red filaments. —Ce it
Hort. Herbert.—Baker considers it to be allied to the American Platyasters;
may therefore have been imported into Ceylon.

C. UMBELLATUM, Carey ew Herb. in Bot. Mag. l. c.—Of this Herbert 27"
that it is perhaps a small var. of C. brevifolium.

Lä
CO
e

CLII. AMARYLLIDE.E, (J. D. Hooker.)

4. PANCRATIUM, Linz.

Rootstock bulbous. Leaves often bifarious, linear or lanceolate. Scape
solid. Flowers large, umbelled or solitary; spathes 1-2, membranous ;
bracts few, linear, hyaline. Perianth funnel-shaped ; tube long or short ;
lobes narrow. Stamens on the throat of the perianth, filaments united by
a toothed or lobed membrane forming a cup; anthers dorsifixed. Style

orm, stigma small; ovules many superposed in each cell. Capsule
large, subglobosely 3-angled, loculicidal. Seeds angled, testa lax black.—

Pecies about 12, S. European, Indian and African.

* Perianth- tube 13-2 in. Staminal cup small.— Bulb without a neck.

L P. triflorum, Roxb, Fl. Ind. ii. 126 ; scape 4-8-fld., périanth-tube
longer than the linear lobes, filaments short. Kunth Enum.v. 661. Baker
Handb, of Amaryllid. 198. P. malabathricum, Herb. Amaryllid. 206.
Cen Parciforum, Miquel Plant exsicc. Hohenacker.—Rheede Hort.

a. X1, t. 40,

BENGAL, Rozburgh. Deccan PENINSULA, Canara, CEYLON, Thwaites.

Bulb globose, 13-2 in. diam., neck 0. Leaves not bifarious, 8-12 by i-i in.,
neeolate, acute, Scape 6-9 in., slender; spathe single, ovate, acute, pedicels very
short, Flowers fragrant; tube 11-2 in., throat dilated, lobes $-1 in.; staminal
7p fin. diam., with 2-fid teeth between the short filaments.

2 P. zeylanicum, Linn. Sp. DI 290; scape 1-fid., perianth-tube as
long as the lanceolate lobes or shorter, throat broadly funnel-shaped,
laments much longer than the broad shallow 12-toothed cup. Kunth
8973 4 v.662; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 124; Thwaites Enum, 324; Wall. it
toe Baker Handb. of Amaryllid. 118; Bot. Reg. t. 479; Bot. Mag.

"d P tiaraeflorum, Salisb. Par. Lond. t. 86.

qp CAL ASIA anc — Archipelago. .

ulb globose, 1:3 MR t or B- Malay S-12. bifarious, 6-11 in., linear-
eeneg acuminate, Scape shorter than the leaves; spathes as long as the
equally woe: Flowers sessile, white, fragrant, 2-3 in. diam. ; oe road, we
Yin, 2-toothed, teeth large; filaments 1-14 in. longer than the cup;

* Perianth-tube 3-4 in. Staminal cup broad.—Bulb with a long neck.

3. P verecund ; € j ; stout about
Bt um, Ait. Hori. Kew, i. 412; scape

eine the oblanceolate leaves or longer 2-6-fld., spathes 2, filaments

t " a longer than the teeth of the cup. Kunth Enum. v. 661; Bot. Heg.

Wight) Amaryllid. 206; Baker Handb. of Amaryllid. 119 (excl. syn.

Foot of the H “LL
IMALAYA, from the Panjab eastwards to Sikkim. . .
Date wb globose, 2 in. diam, ; neck cylindric. Leaves thin, 1-13 by id my i d
wi cape 12 in., compressed; spathes lanceolate ; pedicels short. 1 orien’
with a pig" throat obconic ; lobes 1} in., linear; staminal cup obconic, d bo 8»
degeri ifid tcoth between the filaments ; style longer than the stamens.—

Iption is from Baker.

ie bia ^ ii 5 -3-fid., perianth-tube
l r HMOrum, Joch, Fl. Ind. ii. 125; scape 2 l, p
bont igonons as long as the linear lobes, throat not dilated, filaments
E | - . PP. longi , .
Anavyl]ig. 208, t da e gonel shaped erose cup

286 CLIL AMARYLLIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Pancratium.

INDIA, rare, Roxburgh. .

Leaves 4-8, bifarious, 12-16 in., erect, narrowed from the obtuse point to the
base. Scape shorter than the leaves; spathes 3-4, unequal in length. Perianth-
‘tube 3—4 in., slender, green, not at all inflated at the insertion of the linear lobes ;
cup 1} in. long ; filaments 14-2 in., anthers } in. long.—A well marked species by
its long 3-gonous perianth-tube not at all inflated above, erose (not 12.-toothed) broad
cup, and long stamens.—Herbert’s figure of longiflorum almost exactly accords with
Roxburgh’s excellent description and figure of biflorum, except that the leaves are
acute and that he gives the habitat (according to the Banksian Herbarium) as the
Moluccas ; with P. verecundum it has nothing in common.

5. P. longiflorum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 125; scape much shorter than
the narrowly lanceolate leaves usually 1-fld., spathe single, filaments
longer than the teeth of the cup. Kunth Enum.v. 663; Herb. Amarylid.
208, t. 42, f£. 2; Baker Handb o Amaryllid.119. P.cambayense, Herb. lc.
208, t. 42, f. 1.

CENTRAL INDIA and the Deccan PENINSULA, ARottler.—DisrRiP. Moluccas.

Bulb globose, 13-2 in. diam., neck long cylindric. Leaves 12 by 3-1 in. Scap :
compressed, spathes very acuminate. Perianth-tube 5-6 in., green, throat obconic ;
lobes 2 in., lanceolate ; staminal cup above 1 in. long with large bifid teeth We,
the filaments.—Roxburgh describes this species as received from the Moluccas d
as having the scape even shorter than the perianth-tube and the filaments very little
longer than the lobes of the cup.

6. P. parvum, Dalz. in Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. (1850) 144; scape very
slender compressed about equalling the linear or lanceolate strict leaves
2-4-fld., spathe solitary, filaments hardly longer than the teeth of the cup
and much shorter than the anthers. Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 276; Baker
Handb. of Amaryllid. 119.

The Concan; on Mt. Dronoghiri, Dalzell. 1

Bulb globose ; neck long, cylindric. Leaves 12 in. or less, linear, striate, net J
flat, thin. Scape 6-12 in. ; spathe sometimes deeply bifid. "Perianth-tube 3-5 0»
lobes 1 in.; staminal cup half as long as the perianth lobes, equally 12-toothed,
filaments hardly longer than the teeth, two-thirds shorter than the anthers ; ovarian
cells many-ovuled. Capsule ovoid, 3-lobed; cells few seeded.

. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. This

P. VERECUNDUM, Wight Ic. t. 2023, from Travancore (Coimbatore). e
which is referred to by Baker as the P. verecundum of Aiton, appears from the figur
to be a very different plant, having no neck to the bulb, a very short 8-fld. scape,
large solitary spathe, a perianth-tube much shorter than the lobes, and the bi ;
lobes of the cup have a small tooth in the sinus, the filaments are twice 8$ Jong S
the lobes of the cup. The figure is a rude one; in that of the whole plant
perianth lobes are narrowly linear, in the separate flower they are elliptic-lanceo'à
aud clawed,

P. MALABARICUM, Thwaites Enum. 824 (C. P. 2339). Baker (Handb. P. 184)
cannot distinguish this from Hymenocallis tenuiflora, Herb., a New Grenadan p o
The genus Hymenocallis, which is exclusively S. American, differs from Panera "s
in the ovules being 2 collateral and basal in each cell. Thwaites says that

malabaricum is a native of river-banks in Ceylon at 1-2000 ft. and gives it 2 native
name (Deya-manil.)

Order CLIII. TACCACEZE. i
Rootstock tuberous or creeping. Leaves radical, simple lobed or Jaer

niate, costate and penninerved. Scape leafless, flowers umbelled, greens"

CLIII. TACCACEZ, (J. D. Hooker.) 237

brown or lurid; involucre of 2-6 spathes ; bracts very long, filiform, like
pedicels. Perianth Superior, urceolate or subcampanulate, 6-lobed in 2
series. Stamens 6, at the base of the lobes, filaments very short, base
dilated or appendaged on each side, above it dilated into an inflexed hood,
with 2-ribs or horns on the inner surface ; anthers sessile within the hood.
Ovary l-celled ; style short, included, stigmas 3 broad or petaloid and re-
flexed like an umbrella over the style; ovules many, on 3 parietal placentas,
auatropous or subamphitropous. Fruit indehiscent baccate or at length

valved, 3-6-ribbed. Seeds numerous, ovoid, testa appressed striate ;
albumen hard; embryo minute.—Species about 10, tropical.

1. TACCA, Forst.
CHARACTER OF THE ORDER.

l. T. pinnatifida, Forst, Plant. Esculent. No. 28; Char. Gen. 69,
t.35; leaves tripartite segments 2-3-fid or irregularly pinnatifid or pin-
nate at the base, petiole and scape long smooth, invol. leaves 4-12 or more
yibequal oblong acuminate, perianth lobes conniving subequal. Koch, Fl.

"ZK 172; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 230; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 276;
Benth, FI, Austral, vi. 4:8; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 566; Kunth Enum.
e 25: Lodd. Bot. Cat. t. 699. Regel Gartenfl. t. 582; Lamk. Encycl.
a DT: Treviran. Symbol. t. 54, 55; Griff. Notul. 238; Te. Pl. As. t. 272A.
' Pnnatifolia, Gertn. Fruct, i. 43 t. 14.

The Concans, and CENTRAL INDIA; Hazarebagh, Vicary; Chota Nagpore,
Aust a MALAYAN PENINSULA; Malacca and CEYLON, Trincomulee.— DISTRIB.
ho. A Malayan and Pacific Islds. . .

l dch globose, 1 ft, diam, under cultivation. Leaves 2-3 ft. diam. ; petiole
10-40.4 Scape tapering, longer than the petiole, striped dark and light green,
filiform t ; flowers drooping ; invol. leaves lanceolate, recurved, striped with purple;
obes Tacta very numerous. Perianth greenish, subglobose, 2 in, diam., fleshy,

margined with purple. Fruit size of a pigeon's egg, 6-ribbed, yellow.

or 2 Ee cristata, Jack. in Mal. Misc. I. No. v. 23; leaves either oblong
get 'ptic-lanceolate, petiole and tall scape smooth, 2 inner involucra
much s very large foliaceous erect with stout flat petioles, 2 outer
peri smaller sessile ovate acuminate cuneate, flowers dark purple,

manth-lobes spreading and recurved, 3 inner much the largest, orbicular.
leg FI. Ind. Bat. iii. 578. T. Rafllesiana, Jack. in Wall. Cat. 5172.
soea cristata, Kunth Enum. v. 466; Bot. Mag. t. 4587. Lemaire Jard.
w, t. 186, 187. Flore des Serres, t. 860, 861.

tp PENINSULA; Mi ingapore.

o stock conie, Ge e e e petiole very stout, brown-

4 in, revolute brown-purple, inner 6 in., elliptic, obtuse, stronglv

` » green, narrowed Ento a very stout compressed brown-purple

; flowers drooping, pedicels stout filiform; bracts 6-8 in., pendulous,

ong, all Md 1} in. diam, ; outer lobes oblong, acute, inner rounded broader than

6-ribbed at ength reflexed ; throat with a thickened crenate ring. Ovary turbinate,
*- Stigmatic lobes ciliate.

3. T. inte ; ; leaves entire
nut £rifolia. Ker.-Gawl. in Bot. Mag. t. 1488; leav
Kc petiole and short stout scape rough, 2 inner invol. leaves
ovate arge, Spreading foliaceous petioles slender, 2 outer smaller sess e
acuminate, flowers pale, perianth lobes spreading and reflexed,

288 CLIII. Taccacex. (J.D. Hooker.) ° [ Tacca.

inner largest broadly oblong. Roxb. Cor. Pl. t. 257. T. aspera, Bach,
Fl. Ind. à. 169. Atacca integrifolia, Presl Rel. Haæk. 149 ; Flore des
Serres, t. 860, 861.

SILHET, CHITTAGONG and TENASSERIM.

Rootstock oblong, curved. Leaves 8-16 by 4-8 in., acuminate, strongly nerved
and bullate ; petiole shorter than the blade, and scape maroon-brown. Scape about
as long as the petiole, stout, recurved or bent to one side, few-fld.; invol. spathes
unequal, twisted, dirty green with purple nerves; outer 2-3 in., finely acuminate ;
inner longer, petioled, often vaulted over the at length drooping flowers. Periant
greenish-purple and yellow, or dirty lilac ; outer lobes subacute, rather shorter than the
obtuse inner; mouth obscurely thickened and ridged, all at length reflexed. Ovary
turbinate, deeply grooved. Berry 14 in., oblong, fleshy.

4. T. leevis, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 171; leaves entire elliptic-ovate petiole
and short recurved scape smooth, invol. leaves 4 subequal sessile ovate
acuminate, perianth-lobes spreading acute 3 inner largest and broadest-
Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 230. Kunth Enum. v. 466. T. integrifolia, Her.
Ham.

BHOTAN HIMALAYA, Grifith. SILHET, Roxburgh, CHITTAGONG, MUNNIPORE,
and TENASSERIM, S. Concan, Nimmo.— DISTRIB. Tonkin, Java. .

Rootstock subcylindric. Leaves 12-16 by 5-6 in., acuminate; petiole as long
as the blade. Scape shorter than the petiole, greenish-purple, more or less re
curved, 6-12-fid.; invol. leaves 2 by 1 in., finely acuminate, many-nerved ; brac
numerous filiform. Flowers pedicelled, blueish, greenish-grey or violet; periant
ł-1 in. diam.; outer lobes acute.

OrDER CLIV. DIOSCOREACESE:.

Rootstock various. Stem climbing, branched, rarely short e
Leaves entire lobed or digitately 3-5-foliolate, costate and reticulate, De,
often angular and twisted at the base. Flowers small or minute, pur f
racemose or spicate, rarely bisexual. Perianth superior, 6-cleft. Male A
tubular or urceolate, lobes short, spreading. Stamens inserted at the base
of the perianth, or on its lobes 3, 6, or 3 perfect and 3 staminodes, filamen
ineurved or recurved, anthers small, globose, oblong or didymous, oF 7"
the cells on branches of the filament. Pistillode various or 0. Fem. J
anth of the male, but smaller. Staminodes 3,6 or 0. Ovary 3-quetrony
3-celled ; styles 3, very short, stigmas entire or 2-fid recurved; ovules 4
superposed in each cell, pendulous, anatropous or subamphitropous. ded
a berry or 3-valved capsule. Seeds flat or globose ; embryo small, inclu
in the hard albumen.—Genera 8, species about 160.

. . . EA.
Climbers, flowers unisexual, capsule 3-winged . . . L Dioscor
dl D m" . r >
Stem erect, l-leaved, flowers bisexual, fruit indehiscent . 2. TRICHO

1. DIOSCOREA, Linn.

Fruit capsular.—Species 150, tropical and subtropical.
I cannot

The species of Dioscorea are ina state of indescribable confusion, and I a
hope to have escaped errors in the determination and delimitation of the Indian am)
to which I have devoted much labour. The Roxburghian food-yielding species jti-
for the most part indeterminable, and except throngh a knowledge of them as €?
vated in India they cannot be understood. No doubt some of the species descr!

Dioseorea.] CLIV. DIOSCOREACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 289

by me may have other earlier names in Malayan Flora than I have given ; but the
yan species are even more.loosely described than the Indian. The Wallichian
collection is very complete, but the species are often mixed.

k A. Leaves 3-5-foliolate. Capsule in all oblong. Seeds winged at the
top.

Szor. I. Stamens 6, all antheriferous. Pistillode low, broad.

.l D. dæmona, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 805; Wight. Te. t. 811. D.
nosa, Wall. Cat. 5099; Kunth Enum. v. 413. D.triphylla Herb. Ham.
D. altissima, Herb. Roxb. D. trinervia, Roxb. e Wall. Cat. 5099. D.
poena, Roxb. ex Wight. (error, for dæmona,) D. hirsuta, Dennst. Schluess.
Hort. Mal. 38. Helmia 3 dæmona, Kunth Le 439. Smilax? narcotica
Ẹ virosa, Herh. Ham. ex Wall. Cat.—Rheede Hort. Mal. vii. t. 51, 52.

D Tropical forests throughout INDIA, BURMA, and the Matt PENINSULA.—
ISTRIB, Malay Islands, Tonkin.
Bef eng tuberous, lobed, biennial. Stem stout, terete, more or less prickly. Leaves
all dlate, long-petioled ; leaflets 3-12 in., glabrous or finely pubescent beneath,
peticlulate, broadly cuneate-obovate, cuspidately caudate-acuminate, sometimes
Wësch reticulate, lateral very oblique 5-6-nerved, central 3-5-nerved ; petiole 6-12 in.,
ae prickly. Male racemes 6-18 in., pubescent or woolly ; spikes 1—3 in., shortly
pans nneled, cy lindrie, dense-fld.; bracts shorter than the flowers; sepals orbicular-
ate, membranous, shorter than the coriaceous incurved petals; anthers subsessile.
Lit spikes solitary, flowers distant, perianth of the male. Capsule 2-23 E
than th? base and ‘top truncately rounded. Seeds with the oblong wing ron er
8 e e nucleus.— Roxburgh is undoubtedly right in referring Rumph’s “ Ubium
Mestre ” to this, but by oversight cites t. 127 for 128.
ta hy reticulata ; leaves finely reticulate beneath, male racemes much branched,
Pule tomentose, D. macrocarpa, Wall. Cat. 5100.

Pi Secr. IT. Stamens 3 antheriferous, alternating with 3 staminodes.
tstillode columnar.

s, D" tomentosa, Fe ve in Roth Nov. Pl. Sp. 971; leaves 3-5-
plate softly tomentose GEN bracts shorter than the flower. Roch,
ton vd. iii. 805; Wall. Cut. 5001. D. triphylla, Herb. Russ. Helmia:

mona, Kunth Enum. v. 431.

e Deccan PENINSULA, from Canara southwards. CEYLON. .

toy toot (of long tuberous fibres, 1-2 ft. Ic. Thwaites) Stem slender, proe
in, lo ` the base, Leaves usually snow-white beneath; leaflets very varia de
en, D or narrow, acuminate or cuspidate, shortly petiolulate, lateral o ten
Male spikes 4-1 in., ternate on the branches of a very glend er
ments mentose panicle; flowers A. in diam., sessile or pedicelled; perian h eg
‘lated Al; staminodes equalling the stamens, nearly as long as the sepals, tips
Capsules 1 in., cuneately oblong, downy.

3. D. Penta V C 29. —5-foliolate glabrous
0 phylla, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1032; leaves 3-5-foliolate g
hady pubescent Lee ec bracts shorter than the flowers. Bond, PL
Kunth 6; Wight. Te. t. 814; Wall. Cat. 5098; Thwaites Enum. : 55

al, (Un. 396 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl.247. D. triphylla, Linn l. ^i
Le, set 5702; Dalz. & (ibs. L c. ; Jacq. Te. t. 627 ; Coll. ii. 365 * wnth
D. digitata ,Pieiniana, Kunth l. c. 394. D.lunata, Roth Nov. Pl. Sp.370.
in Bitata, Mill Gard. Dict. No. 6. Botryosicyos pentaphyllus, oc 12.
Rheng, Bi Beil. 3. Hamatris triphylla, Salisb. Gen. Pl. Fragm. 12.

VOL. v t Mal. vii. t. 84, 35. v

290 CLIV. DIOSCOREACEAX. (J.D. Hooker.) [Dioscorea

Throughout tropical India, from Kumaon in the N.W. HIMALAYA "ns
to BURMA, and southward to CEYLON and Maracca, DisrRIB. Malay Hills, Afr.
WW j i b rarely

Tubers oblong (5-6 ft., Ic. Thwaites). Stem slender, prickly at the base, e
above, often bulbiferous. Leaves as in D. tomentosa, but never softly tomentr.
obovate, acuminate or cuspidate. Male panicles and flowers glabrous hisp! d
pubescent or villous, spikes lax or dense-fld.; flowers sessile or pedicelled, Te d .
diam, fragrant; filaments and staminodes very short. Capsule i-l in., Pen
at both ends or base cordate and tip apiculate, glabrous or pubescent. Seeds i nd
wing broader than the nucleus.—I cannot separate the glabrous tomentose A
villous-flowered plants, or the sessile- from the pedicelled-flowered. A sb ass
Bombay specimen from Ritchie has almost woolly capsules cordate at the ,
and with a strong short beak at the retuse apex.

A D. kumaonensis, Kunth Enum. v. 395; leaves Ce
nearly glabrous or sparsely hairy beneath, bracts long-acuminate El
than the flowers. D. pentaphylla, Wall. Cat. 5098 E. D. triphylla, :
Cat. 5702 B. F. Vitis, Wall. Cat. 9032.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, alt. 4-6000 ft. from Kashmir to Sikkim. The Ku4stá
and MuUNNEPORE Hrs, alt. 5—6000 ft. . lender,

Very near D. pentaphylla, but a plant of temperate regions, and more oe
with pisiform bulbils, more membranous narrower leaflets with long Lem
points, larger longer more pointed bracts, larger flowers ;4—-j5 in. diam. with
staminodes and pistillode; but there are Garwhal specimens from Edgewor blong,
bracts as short and flowers as small as in pentaphylla. Capsule 3 in. “with 8
rounded at both ends.—A state occurs in both the Himalaya and Khasia der?
much-branched panicle bearing imperfect long-pedicelled flowers with very et
quite glabrous sepals and petals, abortive anthers, and sometimes a large Pet
stigma; the bracts in this are at the base of the pedicel which is an imp
ovary.

. l
5. D. Jacquemontii, Hook. f.; leaves 3-5-foliolate, leaflets we)
acuminate glabrous, flowers much larger than in D. pentaphylla ga
and short bracts both streaked with brown.

The Concan, between Poona and Carli, Jacquemont ; Belgaum, Richie. stamens,
Closely allied to D. pentaphylla, but besides the above differences, the
staminodes and pistillodes are all much longer.

B. Leaves simple.

. “PROS;
Secr. III. Sepals broadly oblong or orbicular. Stamens 3, antherifero
anther-cells remote on the arms of a forked connective.

. sl.
6. D. Collettii, Hook. f.—Diosc. sp. indescript., Collet & Hen

in Journ, Linn. Soc, xxviii. 137.

Burma ; Shan Hills, alt. 4000 ft., Collett. t 4-5 b

Quite glabrous. Branches slender, terete, unarmed. Leaves, larger 9.]obed
3-3} in., broadly ovate-cordate, acuminate, 7-9-nerved from the deep » spikes
base, membranous, reticulate, basal lobes rounded; petiole slender. Male 1
axillary, solitary, longer than the leaves, very slender ; flowers Je in. diam., dly elliptic
clusters; bracts very broad, membranous; sepals orbicular-ovate and broa V + stant
petals flat, with rounded tips; stamens inserted on the base of the Ram ^ui
from the minute 3-toothed staminode; filaments very short; anther-o sepa
globose.—Dries black. The only Asiatic species with forked filaments an
anther-cells.

, theri-
Sect. IV. Sepals broadly oblong or orbicular. Stamens 6, an

Dioscorea.] OLIV. DIOSCOREACER. (J. D. Hooker.) 291

ferous (except D. decipiens); anther-cells combined. Capsule (where
known) broader than long. Seeds orbicular, broadly winged all round.

* Male flowers in long simple or nearly simple axillary spikes, distant,
or in distant clusters.

7. D. spinosa, Roxb.ex Wall. Cat. 5703 A, B, C, E, F; glabrous or
tomentose, leaves orbieular- or reniform-cordate, perianth subrotate, pistil-
lode large. D. aculeata, Rowb. Fl. Ind.iii.800 (not of Linm.). _D. sativa,
Lina. Sp. Pl. 1033 partly; Kunth Enum. v. 341 (excl. 8). Thwaites Enum.
#26 in note. D. tiliwfolia, Kunth l c. 401. D. cymosula, Hemel. Biol.

entr. Amer. Bot. iii. 355, v. t. 90. D. aculeata, Cerubulium and echinata,
Herb. Ham. D. lanata, Balf. Bot. Socot. v. 989.—Rheede Hort. Mal.
viii. t, 52.—Rumph. Amb. v. t. 126.
TROPICAL Inra, CkvLoN, Burma and the MALAY PENINSULA, cultivated.—
ISTRIB. Trop. America, . .
ien 1. very large; base of stem with long woody rigid fibres bearing spines half
an inch long. ` Stem terete, very spinous at the base. Leaves attaining 8 in. long and
Toad, acuminate or cuspidate, 5-7-nerved, rather membranous, basal lobes rounded.
Male spikes 6-18 in, ; flowers } in. diam., often in very dense cymules, sessile or shortly
edicelled ; bracteoles very broad; perianth segments remote from the large oblong
Pistillode ; anthers large. Fem. raceme rather short. Capsule 1 in. diam., broadly
9beordate ....T cannot adopt Roxburgh's name of aculeata for this, for it is nob
nmæus’s plant of that name, which is Rheede's Katter Kalengra, and which bas
panicled male spikes. Nor can I, as Kunth and Thwaites have, take Linnæus’ name
«lia, though Rheede’s figure of it is cited by Linnzus under his sativa, be-
i te Plant figured in * Hortus Cliffortianus ” must be accepted as sativa Linn.,
eing cited by himself as his type.

& D. deltoidea, Wall. Cat. 5110; nearly glabrous, leaves hastately
. Cat. 5110; nearly glabrous, isti
cr subdeltoi dly-cordat? acuminate 7-9-nerved, perianth sub-rotate, pistil-
e minute, “Kunth Enum. v. 340.
Hie MPERATE HIMALAYA; from Kashmir to Bhotan alt. 6-1000 ft. Kasra
alt. 4-5000 ft.—Disrrrp, Affighanistan. ini | B in. mem-
ran ranches very slender, terete, unarmed. Leaves attaining 7 by i wee ie
nous, reticulate beneath, very variable in breadth and depth of o mg: Wo
ale spiga, Fiangolar, sometimes dilated outward; petiole 2-5 in., very sle d:
le Spikes very slender, rarely branched ; flowers œx in. diam., solitary or clustere le
pe -segments nearly flat; stamens very short, anthers didymous. n
TT variable, orbicular, deltoid or obtusely quadrate, rarely broadly obcor UM a
| truncate or broadly cuneate; valves very thin. Seeds very varia MA
d winged all roun d or on one side.— I hesitate to unite with this the nin »
: referred to it by Hemsley and Collett (Journ. Linn. Soe, xxviii. 137) w
Mperfect for determination.

atero Wightii, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, leaves ovate-cordate acumi-
1 "herved, perianth-segments erect, pistillode minute.
RAVANCORE De :
I R ; Vourtallam, Wight. itary,
sessile habit and foliage very like D. deltoidea, but the flowers are always solitary

: bya broad base, the filaments much longer, and the anthers large and oblong.
Y one specimen seen.

10. D. s ; alternate
‘Spicata, Roth Pl. Nov. 571; quite glabrous, leaves alt
tently petioled linear-oblong or lanceolate S rarely 5-nerved finely reticnlate
Thwaites HI globose, pistillode large conical. Kunth Enum. vi. :
Gites Enum. 39 e >

v2

292 CLIV. DIOSCOREACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Dioscorea.

INDIA, Heyne. CEYLON, Walker, (yc. .

Branches very slender, terete, unarmed. Leaves 2-4 by $-2 in., obtusely acumi-
nate, thin, obscurely margined, base cuneate or rounded rarely subcordate. Male
spikes 3-8 in., rarely branched ; bracts ovate ; flowers Ae in. diam., solitary, sessile;
segments erect, concave, elliptic, obtuse; filaments rather slender, anthers didy-
mous. Capsule lj in. diam., subquadrate, retuse at top and bottom, glabrous,
shining. Seeds winged all round.—I follow 'Thwaites in referring the Ceylon
plant to Roth’s very insufficiently described D. spicata, of which I have seen no
specimens. Thwaites’ specimens of D. oppositifolia (C.P. 2302) in Herb. Kew are
certainly this; but as oppositifolia is a Ceylon plant, the error probably arises from
a misplacement of tickets.

** Male spikes whorled in axillary and terminal panicles.

f Leaves cuneate or rounded at the base, rarely retuse never deeply
cordate.

$ Leaves more or less pubescent beneath, or glabrous in D. oppositifolia.

ll. D. pyrifolia, Kunth Enum. v. 384; leaves mostly opposite
orbicular or broadly oblong 5-nerved coriaceous more or less finely (not
stellately) pubescent beneath, male spikes 1-13 in. spreading, anthers
subsessile, pistillode minute.

TENASSERIM, Helfer (Kew distrib. 5538). SINGAPORE, Wallich. Mate:
(not Philippine Islands), Cuming (No. 2314), Griffith (K. d. 5562), Maingay (K. d.
1705), Hervey. .

Branches terete, glabrous or puberulous. Leares 2-4 by 14-3 in., acuminate o
cuspidate, base rounded or retuse, reticulate beneath; petiole 4-1 in. Spi i
glabrous; flowers Ae Ae in. diam., globose ; sepals orbicular-oblong ; petals cuneate-
obovate; anthers very small. Capsule broader than long, cordate at base and e
Seeds }-1 in. diam.—Kunth erred in assuming this to be one of Cuming’s Philipp”
plants.

12. D. orbiculata, Hook. in Herb. ; leaves mostly opposite orbic d
5-nerved stellately pubescent towards the base beneath, male sp! :

ular

1i-2 in. spreading, flowers very minute, anthers subsessile, pistillote
minute. D. sativa, Wall. Cat. 5108 C.

PENANG; Philipp; on Govt. Hill, Curtis. once
_ Very near D. pyrifolia, but the leaves are smaller, not coriaceous, and a as
distinguished by the stellate hairs beneath, the petals also are elliptic.—Fem. *-

fruit unknown.

13. D. oppositifolia, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1033; glabrous or sparsely
pubescent, or panicles tomentose, leaves mostly opposite from lance?
to elliptic-oblong ovate or orbicular strongly 3—5-nerved coriaceous wi her
cartilaginous margin, male spikes short rarely'l in. spreading; anim
large, pistillode minute. Kunth Enum. 390; Wall. Cat. 5104; Rox "bra
Ind. iii. 804; Wight Ic. t. 813; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 247. D. g pb.
Wall. Cat. 5105 D, E. D. trinervia, Boch, mss. D. lanceolata, #0
Heyne. D. coriacea, Herb. Wight.

CEYLON.:

Tropical India, from Assam, SILHET and CHITTAGONG, southwards to | well-
A large climber, branches terete, unarmed. Leaves 3-5 by 1-3 in., wit Wée?
defined cartilaginous margin; petiole 1-1 in., stout. Male spikes rather ile,
usually dense-fid. ; flowers rather large, A in. diam., but variable in size, Qa le
globose; sepals orbicular; petals obovate; filaments rather long. zeds
14-24 in, diam., retuse or almost 2-lobed at the top, coriaceous, glabrous.
2-14 in. diam., wing very broad.

Dioscorea. | CLIV. DIOSCOREACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 293

l4. D. decipiens, Hook. f.; leaves opposite ovate-lanceolate to
orbicular finely pubescent beneath strongly 3-5-nerved, margin cartilagi-
nous, male spikes short as in D. oppositifolia, but triandrous with 3
staminodes on the petals. D. glabra, Wall. Cat. 5105 G, H.

Burma; at Prome and Taongdong, Wallich ; Upper Burma, Collett.

Resembles D. oppositifolia so closely that an examination of very many flowers of
both species was necessary to determine me to regard it as a species; it has also
hitherto occurred in a different geographical area, being confined to Burma where
D. oppositifolia has not been collected.

$$ Leaves perfectly glabrous on both surfaces (see also 13. oppositifolia).

1$. D. laurifolia, Wall. Cat. 5111; very slender, leaves linear or
narrowly oblong-lanceolate obtusely acuminate 3-nerved strongly reticulate
beneath, male spikes very slender deflexed, flowers very minute, pistillode
mmute. D. glabra, Wail. Cat. 5105 B.

Pzxaxa, Porter, Main ay (Kew distrib. 1701), Hullett.

Leaves 3-43 by Sp Kë eeh and diese rather stiff; base rounded or
cuneate; petiole 3-1 in., very slender. Male spikes 14-21 in. long elongate uni-
lateral panicles, solitary or 2-4-nate, pendulous ; flowers ṣẹ in. diam., scattered ;
x Pals broadly oblong ; petals smaller, oblong ; anthers rather large, filaments short.

ruit unknown. ,

Var.? More robust, leaves shorter elliptic more coriaceous, male spikes stouter

very densely whorled in stiffer panicles, flowers larger gibbous at the base.

5556) fl. in large branched green glabrous panicles.—Malaeca, Griffith (Kew distrib.

.16. D. deflexa, Hook. f.; leaves chiefly opposite ovate-oblong acu-
minate 5-nerved, base ed or obscurely cordate, male spikes 1-14 in.
stout deflexed, anthers large, pistillode large.

SINGAPORE and MArACCA, Maingay (Kew distrib. 1705, 1706). .

ranches rather stout, terete. Leaves 4-5 by 13-3 in., strongly coriaceous, margin

not thickened or cartilaginous ; petiole 1-14 in. Male spikes deflexed from the

Pon: flowers globose, about 3 in. diam.; sepals broadly ovate; petals oblong.

teme ff in long much branched lax-fld. perfectly glabrous panicles. Capsule 2 in.

(Ce, retuse at the top and base. Seeds nearly lin. diam., wing very broad.—

istinguished from oppositifolia by the deflexed male spikes and margin of leaf not
ickenened, and the large pistillode.

VU. D. 9bcuneata, Hook. f; very slender, leaves opposite cuneately
: ‘ovate cuspidate 3-nerved CANA petiole short very slender, male
tine l in. very slender in very slender axillary panicles, flowers very
minute, pistillode obscure.
CEYLON, ,
ranches terete, Leares 2 by 1-1} in., very thin and pale when ry; very
sender, Nervules indistinct, base marrow exactly cuneate 3 petiole å in. Male spikes
D eading horizontally, rachis almost capillary, flowers scattered, globose, sessi e,
b. fr ‘am.—I have seen but one specimen, in the Hookerian Herbarium, mar ced
have len by Sir W. Hooker, but with no other locality or collector s nam i
obeunest ned throughout the genus for any species at all resembling 1
eate leaves with very short slender petioles.

Tt Leaves cordate hastate or broadly truncate at the base.

18. D. an E . tomentose, leaves
ns Suina, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 803; softly tom D
"PPosite and alternate large long-petioled broadly ovate- or orbicular-

294 CLIV. DIOSCOREACER. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Dioscorea.

cordate 7-nerved margin cartilaginous, male spikes short dense-fd.
spreading, pistillode large globose. D. spinosa, Wall. Cat. 5103 G, H.

TROPICAL HIMALAYA; from Nepal, Wallich, to Bhotan (Kew distrib. 5548).
ASSAM, SILHET, CACHAR, BENGAL, CHOTA NAGPORE.

Tubers columnar (Rozb.), Leaves 3-5 by 2-5 in., rather thick, nerves strong
beneath, nervules transverse; petiole 13-3 in. Male panicles stout; spikes

crowded, densely tomentose; flowers ji; in. diam. ; sepals and petals very broad ;
anthers large. Capsule 3-14 in. diam., cordate at the top and base. Seed
orbicular.

19. D. polyclades, Hook. f.; stens slender and leaves beneath
and inflorescence tomentosely pubescent, leaves opposite and alternate
orbieular-or ovate-cordate apiculate 5-costate, male spikes i-l in. 5-6
nately whorled in long panicles, flowers minute crowded. D. nummularia,
Kunth Enum. vi. 986 (excl. syn.) ; Moritz Syst. Verz. Zolling. Pftanz. 92
(not of Lamk.).

SINGAPORE, Ridley.—DistTr1B. Java.

Stem terete. Leaves 3—4 by 2-2} in., orbicular-cordate in the Singapore plant,
ovate-cordate in the Javan, opaqne above, brown when dry, softly finely tomentose
and laxly reticulate beneath; petiole 1-14 in., slender. Male panicles 6-10 in.,
terminal compound ; whorls of spikes very numerous, sessile or shortly pedicelled ;
flower-buds A in. diam.; sepals orbicular; petals ovate.—A very distinct species
referred to D. nummularia, Lamk., by Moritz, but clearly not the plant figured by
Rumph., on which Lamk. founded that species, and which is described as having
intensely green glabrous shining leaves, and be Blume (Enum. Plant. Jav. 22) 3$
having leaves glaucous beneath, The Singapore plant is I think certainly Zollinger’s
No. 283 from Java, though the leaves are more rounded.

20. D. glabra, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 804; quite glabrous, leaves opposite
long-petioled orbicular ovate-oblong or hastate strongly 7-9-nerved an
reticulate margins not cartilaginous, sub-glaucous beneath, base cordate
or deeply 2-lobed, male spikes short spreading, sepals ovate-oblong, petals
cuneately obovate, pistillode minute. Kunth Enum. v. 383; Wall. Cat.
5105 A, F, I, K. D. sagittata, Royle mss. (not of Poiret). D. crepitans,
Herb. Ham.

SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA, alt. 3-5000 ft., from Simla to Sikkim, and southwards
to BENGAL, BEHAR, the Concan, BURMA and the MALAY PENINSULA. b

Stems stout, somewhat flattened (Roxb.). Leaves extremely variable, 3-8 :
1-4} in., caudate-acuminate, youngest acute at the base, older truncate, OT deep
cordate, lobes sometimes 1 in. incurved and overlapping; margin not thickened 0
cartilaginous; petiole 1-33 in. Male spikes 1 in., rarely more; flowers scattered
rather large, globosely 8-lobed, often coarsely dotted. Capsule 14 in. diam» very
variable in shape, subquadrate broadly obcuneate or obcordate, retuse at the tip aD
base, valves very thin. Seeds irregularly orbicular.

21. D. gibbiflora, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, very slender, leave
opposite, ovate or oblong acuminate 5-nerved, base cordate o. ‘
hastate, male spikes very short slender spreading in very slender pame Se
flowers minute gibbous at the base, stamens very short, pistillode obscur"?
D. glabra, Wall. Cat. 5105 B, in part.

PENANG, Wallich. Janine;

Branches terete. Leaves 3-4 by 141-2 in., not margined, nervules indistin¢ d
petiole j-1 in. Male spikes } in., rachis very slender; flowers Je in. diam., sess"
with a boss at the broad base on the side opposite to the bracts.

Dioscorea.] CLIV. DIOSCOREACEX. (J.D. Hooker.) 395

22. D. Wallichii, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, leaves opposite long-
petioled ovate or orbicular-cordate 7-nerved, male spikes 1 in. in short axil-
ary and terminal spreading panicles, flowers globosely 3-lobed, stamens
short, pistillode large globose. D. sativa, Herb. Madr. in Wall. Cat. 5708;
A, B, F, D. ?D. nummularia, Willd. en Roch, Fl. Ind. iii. 803.

SILHET, CACHAR, MUNNEPORE and BURMA, common. CHOTA NAGPOBE, Clarke.
TRAVANCORE, Herb. Madr. (Cult. ?). .

Branches stout, terete. Leaves 3-6 in., as broad, always broadly cordate with
rounded sides and a broad sinus, very finely reticulate benéath; petiole 3-5 in.
Flowers about xz In. diam. ; sepals and petals suborbicular ; stamens inserted under
the pistillode ; anthers small. Capsule 1} in, diam., emarginate at the tip. Seeds
orbicular, broadly winged.— The very broad rounded long-petioled glabrous leaves
and large pistillode are good characters.

, Sect. V. Sepals orbicular. Stamen 6 antheriferous; anther cells com-
bined. Capsule longer than broad. Seeds laterall y winged.

_ 23. D. Hamiltoni, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, stem angled or slightly
nged, leaves cordately or subhastately ovate or lanceolate 7-9-nerved,
male spikes i in. rachis very sleuder zigzag, stamens very short, pistillode
obscure. D. sativa, Wall. Caf. 5108. D. aculeata, Wight Ic. t. 2060. D.
alata, Griseb, F? Brit. W. Ind. 587. D. incrassata and ovata, Herb. Ham.

" SIKKIM, Assam, CACHAR, BEHAR, CHOTA NaGPORE, MALABAR and BURMA ; in
all ? cultivated. DisTRIB. St. Domingo (cult.). D

Branches slender. Leaves opposite and alternate, undistinguishabie from those
e D. glabra ; petiole 1-23 in. Male spikes whorled on the branches of very slender
c ongate axillary and termina] panicles ; flowers globose, ;'; in. diam. ; sepals broad ;
petals cuneate-obovate. Capsule 1-1} in. long, membranous, sides parallel, tip acute,
Dase cordate.—The slender zigzag rachis of the male spikes, well represented by Wight,
: quite peculiar to this species, I regret having to reject both Hamilton S names
‘om being unable to comprehend their significance in respect of this plant.

C Sect. VI, Sepals narrow, subvalvate, linear or linear-lanceolate.
apsule oblong. Seeds, winged laterally.

24. D. sativa, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1033 (excl. sym. Rheede); Hort. Clif.
i 28 ; quite glabrous, stem terete bulbiferous, leaves broadly ovate-cordate
p, ninate cuspidate or caudate 7-9-costate,male spikes slender panicled.
Foie FL Honk. 368; Fl. Austral. vi. 460. D. bulbifera, Br. Prodr. 294.
D ight Te. t. 878, D. Cliffortiana, Lam. Encycl. iii. 232 (not of Hl. t. 818).
` versicola, Herd, Ham. ; Wall. Cat.5106. D. pulchella and heterophyla,
ozb. Fl. Ind, iii, 801-804. D. decemangularis and D. Tunga, Herb. Ham.

Helmia bulbifera, Kunth Enum. v. 435.

Tubers large, vari i R le. Leaves opposite
a Variable in form. Stem slender, green or purp

alternate, very variable in size, attaining 14 in. in length and breadth, mem-
d s) dark green, usually very deeply cordate but sometimes with only a shallow
Sinus; petiole 2-6 in. Male spikes almost capillary, 1-4 in. ; flowers crowded

10» Very variable in size, green or purplish; sepals 4.4 in. long, fies y ;
T narrower ; filaments much shorter than the perianth ; anthers ‘ie as "4
the m us, em. spikes 4—10 in. long, pendulous ; flowers $i in. long ; Sech s in
I follow B Capsule $-1 by j-i in., membranous. Seeds with a broad fu ch "
" Hort entham in regarding this as Linnaus’s sativa; an inspection of the p thi
T Cliffortianus,” which is Linnzaus's authcrity for the species, confirming this

396 CLIV. DIOSCOREAGEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Dioscorea.

view. In Sp. Plant. he cites for sativa also Rheede’s plate of D. aculeata, to which
Kunth and others have confined the name. Lamk. Encycl. iii. 232, gives the Sp
D. Cliffortiana to Linneus’s plant, but figures (Ill. t. 818) a very different oa e
it, rejecting the name sativa because he does not consider it to be the cultiva :
*igname." The difference in the size of the male flowers of sativa are so E,
that I have suspected that two species may be included, but I have failed to de
them.

Sect. VII. Sepals narrowly oblong or lanceolate sub-valvate. Cap-
sule broader than long, carpels rounded. Seed winged all round.

25. D. alata, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1033; quite glabrous, stem acatey
angled or winged, leaves subhastately or deeply cordate orbicular or SH
5-7-nerved, male fl. in slender fascicled spikes. Kunth Enum. Jet
Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 797 ; Wight Ic. t. 810. D. japonica, Hb. Madr. in Watt.
Cat. 5107 (not of Thunb.) D. acutangula, Ham. in Wall. Cot. 5109. D
octangularis, Devipata, & Bisantaca, and Hurchusia, Herb. Ham. H
odoratissima, Wall. mss. (Ic. in Herb. Kew). D. anguliflora, Steud. 4t.
Hohenack. exsicc. No. 699 A. D. bulbifera, Russ. ex. Wall. Cat.

TROPICAL INDIA (cult. ?). .

Roots very large. Stem iut (spinous towards the base in D. Devipata), eps
tuberiferous, variously angled or winged. Leaves as in D. sativa, almost ` TI,
site; from orbicular to hastately ovate; petiole stout, often winged. wee) nt
and flowers as in D. sativa ; fem. in much stiffer spikes, and capsule entirely di d orbi.
broader than long, 1-1j in. diam., very broadly obcordate, coriaceous. See ser
cular, broadly winged all round.—Of Steudel’s anguliflora from Canara I have
young fruit only.

IMPERFECTLY KNOWN AND UNDETEERMINABLE SPECIES. "S

D. ACULEATA, Linn, Sp. Pl. 1033. The authority for this is Rheede's RP
Kelengu, vii. 71, t. 37, which is unrecognizable. A knowledge of the
languages might reveal it. ther

D. ANGULATA, Rowb. in Steud. Nomencl. Ed. ii. i. 511. Ihave found no 0
reference to this species. at

D. ATROPURPUREA, Roch Fl. Ind. iii. 800 ; tubers subrotund purple through? ,
branches 4—7 winged, wings coloured and curled, leaves deeply cordate og ag Wa
petioles winged bases much enlarged and stem clasping.—Cultivated in Ma
Pegu and the Eastern Islands.

D. BULBIFERA, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1033, is in same category as D. aculeata;
R heede's Katu-Katsjit, vii. 69, t. 36.

D. crispata, Rozb. Fl. Ind. iii. 802; tubers rounded, stem unarmed
10-15 winged, wings curled, leaves alternate broad cordate 7 11-nerved,
with curled wings, male spikes panicled, fem. pendulous, perianth segment
white.—Interior of Bengal.

D. CYLINDRICA, Vitm, Summ. Pl. v. 426. For this plant the author
Rheede Hort. Mal. vii. t. 50 which isa Cucurbit. egg

D. FASCICULATA, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 801; tubers pendulous size of an, ary,
attached by slender filaments white, stem very slender, terete, prickles CT "
leaves alternate round cordate 3-7-nerved ‘slightly villous.—Cultivate
Calcutta. inged

D. etozosa, Roxb. l. c. 797; tubers large round white, stems 6 fora
prickly towards the root, leaves opposite and alternate sagittate-cordate | hon cott
waved 5-7-nerved, petiole 5-winged nearly as long as the leaf, male sp! remote
pound long pendulous verticilled, fem. axillary simple erect, flowers few very
fragrant.—Cultivated by Hindoos, the most esteemed yarn by Europeans.

it is
terete
tiole
linear

cites

Dioscorea. ] CLIV. DIOSCOREACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 297

D. INTERMEDIA, Thwaites Enum. 326; glabrous, unarmed, stem terete, leaves 3
by 1-1] in., opposite and alternate elliptic or oblong acuminate mucronate 3-nerved,
petiole 4-1 in., fem. spikes 1 in, or rather more solitary simple, male shorter than
the leaves fascicled or in long panicles flowers hexandrous, —Hotter parts of Ceylon.
—The specimens I have seen ure too imperfect for further description. It is very
near D, spicata, but has shorter spikes. .

D. NEPALENSIS, Sweet Hort, Brit. Ed. ii. 522. No description.

D. PELTATA, Jufs. in Pers. Syn. ii. 621; Kunth Enum. vi. 413; from Ceylon, is
probably a Cocculyz, `

D. PURPUREA, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 799 ; tubers oblong reddish throughout, stems
6-, or more-winged prickly, leaves opposite and alternate cordate 5-7-nerved,
petiole long winged stem-clasping. Male and fem. spikes as in D. rubella.—
Cultivated in Bengal. .

D. RUBELLA, Rozb. l. c. 798; tubers oblong red-skinned, stem 6-winged, leaves
Opposite sagittate-cordate 3-7-nerved, male spikes axillary simple and compound,
if simple shorter than the leaves, fem. spikes axillary generally simple longer than
the leaves, flowers very fragrant, staminodes large almost like the male stamens.—
Cultivated about Calcutta.

D. spicata, Roth; var. B. Thwaites Enum. 326 (C. P. 2872); a very slender
Plant with ovate caudate-acuminate leaves, and a short panicle of large broad orbicular
Cuspidate thin walled capsules, is something I think entirely different from D. ‘pica.

Spsules 1-11 in, diam., valves semicircular. Seed orbicular, $ in. diam., broadly
Winged all round

2. TRICHOPUS, Got,

A small erect rigid rennial herb. Stem short. Leaf terminal,
petioled, linear-lanceolate, ovate or triangular, 3-7-costate. Flowers small,
fascicled at the base of the leaf, panicles filiform, bisexual. Perianth
ampanulate, subequally 6-fid. Stamens 6 on the bases of the periantl
0S; anthers subsessile, short, broad, connective produced. Ovary 3-
celled ; Style very short ; stigmas 3, short, reflexed, 2-fid ; ovules 2, super-
posed in each cell, anatropous. Fruit ovoid, triquetrous, indehiscent.

ds oblong, rugose, grooved dorsally, testa thin embryo minute 1n a
cartilaginous albumen.

l. T. ze lanic rtn. fruct. 1, 44, t. 14; Beccari in Nuov. Giorn.
Bot. Ital, i 13; Gereke Te. Pe Tad. Or. t. 290. Trichopodium cordatum
mtermedium and augustifolium, Lindl. Bot. Reg. sub t. 1543. . ` zey "Bo t
Cum, Thwaites Enum. 991, 443. Podianthus arifolius, Schnitzl. in .
Zeit, 1843, 739 ,

RAVANCORE, Beddome CEYLON common. 1 i
Fic" 1-3 in. Leaves 2-8 in. long, petiole 1-8 m. P ehre long,
edie’ minute, dark brown ; perianth lobes lanceolate, acute. TUAL i e

‘eel thickened at the top.

: ino AV eS

" Rootstock tuberous or creeping; stem erect or climbing. Leane
JF Opposite, petioled, 3 or more-costate, cross nervu os Dior or
m axillary peduncles, regular, bisexual. Perian, he Perianth-
be QU ior, 2-serlately 4-cleft. Stamens 4 at the base of t Go sub.
OT Sub JPogynous; anthers dorsifixed. Ovary 1-celled ; 5 Em lous
from tht Stigmas 3; ovules 2 or more, erect from the base o known in
m the top of the cell, anatropous. Capsule 2-valved (fruit un

298 CLV. ROXBURGHIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.)

Stichoneuron). Seeds oblong, testa coriaceous; embryo long, in the axis
of hard albumen.—Genera 3, species about 8.

Flowers large; ovula erect . . . . . 1. STEMONA.
Flowers minute; ovules pendulous . . . . 92. STICHONEURON.

1. STEMONA, Lour.

Root of fleshy tubers. Leaves opposite, alternate or whorled, ovate
3-9-costate. Flowers solitary, or few and subracemose. Perianth seg-
ments 4, lanceolate, many-nerved. Stamens subhypogynous, filaments
very short, more or less connate in a ring; anthers linear, erect, con
nective produced in a very long linear-lanceolate erect appendage. Ovary
free, compressed; stigma small, sessile, pointed; ovules 2 or more, erect,
funicles long or short. Capsule ovoid or oblong, compressed, few-se
Seeds erect, ovoid or oblong, terete, grooved, beaked; funicle bearded ;
testa thick.—Species 4 or 5, Malayan and Australian.

1. S. tuberosa, Lour. Fl. Coch. 490; stem twining leafing and
flowering at the same time, leaves opposite or whorled rarely alternate
perianth 13-2 in. long. _ S. gloriosoides, Voigt Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 650.
Roxburghia gloriosoides, Jones in Roxb. Cor. Pl. 1, 26, t. 32; Fl. Ind. 3.
234; Wall. Cat. 5156; Fl. des Serres, ii. t. 92. R. Gloriosa, Peers. Syt-
1.412. Bot. Mag. t. 1500. R. Stemona, Steud. Nom. ii. 475. R. viridi-
flora, Smith Ezot. Bot. i. 111, t. 57 ; Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 49, t. 282; Grif.
Notul. i. 29, 31; Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 12-16, 62, f. 2.

a BENGAL, SILHET, CHITTAGONG, ASSAM, and the NORTHERN CIRCARS.— DISTRIB.
aina.

Root of cylindric tubers 6-12 in.; stem woody below, branches terete. Deme
4-10 in., broadly ovate-cordate, acuminate membranous, shining; petiole 1-3 ai
Peduncle 1-2 in., usually 2-fld.; bracts small, lanceolate; flowers erect, €
Perianth spreading and revolute ; segments lanceolate, acuminate, greenish with er)
purplish nerves. Stamens very large, erect ; filaments stout, red, deeply grO0** ir
front with crenulate margins; connective linear-lanceolate, green ; anthers lina’
adnate to the face of the connective at its base; endothecium becoming free and PF
duced beyond the cells into a subulate point, pollen between waxy and flowery:
Capsule 13 in., ovoid-oblong, 5-8-seeded.

2. S. minor, Hook. f.; stem twining leafing and flowering at e
same time, leaves 15-3 in. alternate, perianth j-1 in. long. Roxbuig Ie
gloriosoides var. minor; Thwaites Enum. 432. R. gloriosoides, Wight ^^
ai MALABAR; on the Policat Hills (?Paulghat) Wight. CEYLON; at Trincomalee,
ene.

Smaller in all its parts than S. tuberosa, the leaves 11-3 in. long, and muc
broader at the base ; capsule } in. long.

3. S. Curtisii, Hook. f.; stem twining leafing and flowering at Kei
same time, leaves 4-5 in. alternate, flowers unisexual P perianth abo
ł in. long.

PENANG; near the Waterfall, Curtis. te

In habit and forms of leaf this resembles S. tuberosa, but the leaves are altero
the petiole very long and slender, and the small flowers appear to be unisex?"

Stemona.] CLV. ROXBURGHIACEX, (J. D. Hooker.) 299

Of these I have exami i
short ined three; one is male with the four sta i
narrow androphore, the other female, with apparently imperfect. stamens mt

4. S. Griffithiana, K i
109, t. 10: » Kurz in Journ. As. Koc. Beng. xlii. pt. ii.
10; stem erect flowering before leafing. Gen. no. eub ZER PA

Rer Am Martaban and Peru s Gril, Kur
in, Stem 3-6 in. pi ipa Leaves (of R. tuberosa), 3-5 in., ovate ; petiole 3-5
pedicels 1 in., strict: owers greenish or dull purple; bracts 4-4 in., lanceolate;
filaments broad ; Perianth-segments 1 in., linear-lanceolate, acute. Stamens 4,
Capsule 3 in., Select A gathers yellow, cuspidate. Ovary 1-celled, ovules 6.
bur flowers only. ; 3-4-seeded, seeds furrowed, aril small white.—1 have seen

2. STICHONEURON, Hook. f.

Àn er 101 . .

rons; eet rigid glabrous or minutely hairy herb; rootstock creeping ; roots
distichous linear. 2 Angular, sparingly branched. Leaves subsessile, sub-
rigid, lying clos ~oblong, pinnately 3—5-nerved. Peduneles axillary, filiform,
of very minute e on: the midrib of the leaf, bearing a subracemose cluster
campanulate na celled greenish flowers, bracts setaceous. Perianth-
the bases of the 1 i lobes ovate, subequal, valvate. Stamens 4, united to
Op convex ; ovule es; anther-cells short, diverging. Ovary half inferior,
very short, ; Ewe SS namerous, pendulous from the top of the cell, funicles

S. memb
Wall, mbranaceum, Hook. f. in Herb. Ind. Or. Colpopod
mss. in Herb. Griffith.—Indeterminata, Wall. Cat. 9110. papse

Kaastra :

"mess, HE Hp ft. WaALLIOH, GmirFiTH, &c. Bengal, at

m l- D
hervules trans ee Leaves 3-6 by 14-24 in., membranous, caudate-acuminate ;
pedicels 2 in. . flow; parallel ; petiole of flower 4 in. Peduncles 3-1 in. stiff;
Plant in Rogbur pwers Ae in., yellow.—I follow Bentham in placing this curious
ts fruit is known st, @, from which it differs in the nervation of the leaves. Until
na and Croom, position is doubtful. The order itself is heterogeneous,
ia being sectionally different, and both might well rank as

Section,
s of the composite Order Liliacec.

Orver CLVI. LILIACEJIE.

with fibrous roots, or creep-
Flowers bisexual, rarely
ous in 2 series, rarely

Herb
Ing tootstocbs, J, shrubby or subarboreous,
Wisexnal, Dy "ulbs, or corms. Leaves various.
or l0-merouge ath herbaceous or petaloid, 6-mer
Jee, filaments 4 imbricate rarely valvate in bud. Stamens 6, rarely 3 or
. "dry 3-celled style or connate; ‘anthers oblong or linear, often versatile.
at angles of thy e l often long, rarely 0 or 3; ovules 2 or more in the
e cells, anatropous, rarely orthotropous. Fruit a 3-rarely

“celled l-o
vations 7 peded capsule or berry. Seeds globose or flattened ;
; embryo small, terete, surrounded by the horny or fleshy
d countries.

albumen
—(. 1
enera 187, species about 2500; iu all climates an

Muscari

b .

* 280 ; (B ootanense, Griff. Itin. Notes, 242 ; Notul. iii. 242; & Ic. Pl. Asiat.
as stated in the

eri .
m Journ. Linn. Soc. xi. 414), is an Affghan plant,

300 CLVI. LILIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.)

Notule, and no doubt 5ootanense is a misprint for boolanense, the plant being found
near the Boolan pass.

Series A. Rootstock not bulbous. Anthers bursting inwards. Fruit
a berry.

Tribe I. Smmuacex. Shrubs. Stem climbing. Leaves 3-5-nerved an
reticulately-nervuled, petiole often cirrhiferous. Flowers small, in umbels.
Anthers after dehiscence 1-celled. Ovules few, orthotropous or $-anatropous.

Perianth 6-partite . . e . . e . . . 1. SMILAX. SE
Perianth ovoid or tubular, mouth very minute . . . . 2. HETEROSMILAM

Tribe II. AsPARAGEZX. Stem erect or climbing. Leaves replaced by
usually linear or acicular cladodes. Flowers small, solitary, fascicled or
racemed. Anthers distinctly 2-celled. Ovules few, orthotropous or 4-ana-
tropous. 3. ASPARAGUS.

Tribe III. PonxcoNaATEX. Stem herbaceous ; unbranched, leafy. Flowers
axillary or in terminal racemes or panicles.
Flowers axillary; perianth cylindric, lobes short . . . 4. Foot?
Flowers axillary ; perianth rotate . . . : . 5. STEEPTOPUS.
Flowers in terminal racemes or panicles ; perianth 6-partite — . 6. SMILACINA.

Tribe IV. CONVALLARIE®. Scapigerous herbs. Leaves radioni
Scape lateral, naked, bearing a unilateral raceme or spike. Stigma 8m

Perianth subglobose, 6-partite . . . . . . . T. THEROPOGON.

Tribe V. AsrrpisrREX. Rootstock very stout, creeping, oe
short. Leaves radical, coriaceous. Scape very short, axillary.
solitary or spicate. Perianth subglobose fleshy. Fruit a berry.

Stigma large, peltate; spike many-fld. . . . . . 8. TUPISTRA: |.
Stigma small, 3-lobed ; spike erect, many-fld. . . . . 9. Gox108CY,
Stigma large, peltate, flower solitary e, . . 10, ASPIDIS

Series B. Rootstock stout or a bulb. Leaves radical or eaulin®. ii
thers dorsi- or basi-fixed. Ovules anatropous. Fruit usually locale

. . or ê,
Tribe VI. HEMEROCALLE®. Leaves linear, radical. Flovers e |

panicled racemed or spicate. Perianth cylindric or funnels

Filaments inserted in a dorsal pit of the anther. Ovu/es numerous.

Lis.
Flowers panicled, erect; perianth funnel.shaped . . . 10*. HEMEROCAL

x.
Tribe VII. DRACÆNE®. Leaves radical or on an erect woody | Geet
Perianth cylindric funnel-shaped or campanulate. Anthers bas!
dorsifixed, filaments not inserted in a pit. Fruit a berry.

Ovary with the cells l-ovuled . . . . . . . i. Duaci
Ovary with the cells many-ovuled . . . . . . 12. CogpY»

Y r$
Tribe VIII. AsrHopELX. Rootstock short, or a bulb. age?
racemed or panicled. Perianth segments distinct. Capsule loou
(berried in Dianella).

CLVI. LILIACEZ. (J.D. Hooker.) 301

Flowers racemed. Ovarian cells 2-ovuled; capsule 3-angled 13. ASPHODELUS.
Flowers racemed. Ovarian cells 4—6-ovuled ; capsule 3-winged 14. EREMURUS.
Flowers racemed. Ovarian cells 4—6-ovuled ; capsule 3-winged 15. CHLOROPHYTUM.
Flowers in panicled cymes. Fruit a berry . . . . 16. DIANELLA.

. Tribe IX. Aus, Rootstock in the Indian genus a bulb. Scape
simple; flowers umbellate or capitate, at first enclosed in a spathaceous
involucre. Capsule loculicidal.

Strong-scented herbs. Perianth rotate . . . . . 17. ALLIUM.

Tribe X. ScrLLEX. Rootstock a bulb. Scape simple, naked ; flowers
racemose not involucrate; bracts at the base of the pedicels small.

Hu 6-lobed, tubes cylindric, outer lobes spreading, inner erect 18. DiPCADI.
ege campanulate, 6-partite ; ovules many ; seeds flattened 19. URGINEA.
erianth 6-partite. Sceds subglobose . . . . . 20. SCILLA.

Tribe XI. TurrPg x. Rootstock a bulb. Stem erect with one or more
dere. Flowers few, large, solitary or racemed. Perianth segments
stinet. Capsule loculicidal (in the Indian species).

powers large, nodding or pendulous; anthers versatile . . 21, LILIUM.
t large, nodding or pendulous; anthers basifixed erect . 22. FRITILLARIA.
Flo ers 1-2, small, suberect; anthers basifixed . . . 23. LLOYDIA.
wers large, solitary or few, erect or suberect . . . 24. TULIPA.
Wers small, subumbellate, suberect . . . . . 25. GAGEA.

wa C. Rootstock a corm or bulb, or short. Leaves radical or radical
cauline. Anthers dehiscing extrorsely or introrsely. Ovules anatro-
pous. Capsule usually septicidal.

„ Tribe XIL Corcuicyn, Rootstock a tunicate corm. Leaves all radical.

Scape very Short, hypogzous, flowers 1-3. Perianth-tube very long.

Anthe; . . :
R there dorsifixed, narrow, dehiscence introrse.

Mino be entire; styles3 . . . . 26. COLCHICUM.

nta-tube of tbe twining claws of the segments ; styles 3 27. MERENDERA.

i XIII. Aneumtartrx. Rootstock a tunicate corm. Stem 1-or
eaved. Anthers dehiscing extrorsely. Styles 3 — . 28. IPHIGENIA.

We XIV. NamrzuEcrkx, Rootstock short, creeping. Stem usually
Dech eaves often distichous. Perianth persistent. Anthers subbasi-
» dehiscence sublateral. 29. ToFIBLDIA.

Le D XV. Uvvramrgx. Rootstock tuberous or creeping. Stem leafy.
not sheathing. Flowers axillary. .Anthers dehiscing extrorsely.

Stem twini
Stem twining. Leaves cirrhose. Capsule loculicidal 2 OS

erect, Capsule septici
Stem erect, Fruit a CET . 32. DISPORUM.

Tribe XVI, Mepzotex. Rootstock short or creeping. Stem simple.

302 CLVI. LILIACER. (J. D. Hooker.)

Leaves radical or whorled. Flowers solitary or umbelled. Anthers
dehiscing extrorsely. l

Leaves radical or subradical ; flowers solitary or umbelled . . 33. Con
Leaves 3 in a whorl; flowers solitary . - © + + + 34 Laie
Leaves 4 or more in a whorl e . . . «+ 85, PABIS.

1. SMILAX, Linn.

Climbing shrubs (rarely erect herbs). Leaves alternate, rarely
opposite, persistent, 3-5-nerved and reticulate; petiole usually xu
riferous above the base. Flowers dicecious,s mall, umbelled. Perion
segments 6, free, incurved or recurved. MALE FL. Stamens 6, or more, at the
base of the perianth, free; anthers didymous, oblong, or the cells separa 3
by a forking of the filament. Fem. FL. Staminodes 3 or 6. Onar Á
gonous, 3-celled ; style 0, or short, stigmas 3, stout, recurved ; ovules g 0 ,
2 in each cell, orthotropous, pendulous. Fruit a globose berry. br g
solitary, or more often 2 hemispheric, rarely 3; albumen horny; em ry
small.—Species about 180, temperate and tropical.

The only authoritative nomenclature for most of the Indian species of Smilaz 8
the great Herbarium of Wallich, in which these are copiously represented, but in po eg
cases almost inextricably mixed, When to this is added the wide differences be "fre
the foliage and inflorescence of different parts of the same specimen, anc he vil
quent difficulty of matching males with females and flowering with fruiting P g
mens, it is obvious that much confusion must attend any attempt to systemate y
species upon any but very complete materials, and such do not exist in any lit
rium. Unfortunately Kunth, when monographing the genus for his *' LX die
Plantarum," and M. A. De Candolle for his monograph, had not access to Wa ae
Herbarium,and had recourse to duplicates distributed from it to various European dy of
baria, which were invariably fragmentary and often wrongly numbered. Ane »
the Wallichian types has hence obliged me to set aside various determina S
of these excellent botanists. Nor can I follow M. De Candolle in his primam of
other divisions of the genus. These are founded on the one- or two-ovuled ce it o
the ovary, and on the inflorescence. That of the ovarian cells is very de, e
observation, is unavailable in the absence of fem. fl., it does not tally with hab! De
other characters, and I doubt its constancy. That of the inflorescence want Pod
cision, and, as it appears to me, also confirmation by a study of the whole plan bas
that it cannot be established on fragments. I am far, however, from regarding ^
valueless because I have been unable to understand and apply it. The arrange icted
I have adopted is, I think, natural, though far from satisfactory. I have res "other
the citations of authors to such as I feel pretty sure of; and, as with 50 many with
Indian genera, I find that any attempt to determine the identity of the species
the insufficient descriptions of the authors of the Malayan Floras is hopeless.

D T.

Sect. I. Comanruvs. Buds globose. Sepals incurved 1n Mr!

Stamens much shorter than the perianth. Ovules (when known) 8007
in the ovarian-cells.

1. S. glabra, Rob, FI. Ind. iii. 792; leaves 3-6 by 14-24 in. dE.
or ovate-lanceolate acuminate 3-costate, petiole 1-3 in., sheath jm 369;
axillary, umbels sub-sessile. Wall. Cat. 5114; Benth. Fl. Hongk. S.
Seem. Bot. Herald. Voy. 490, t. 100; A.DC. Monogr. Smilax,
Hookeri, Kunth Enum. v. 162 (excl. syn. Burm. & Lour.).

AssaM, SILHET and the lower Kuasta HILLS, Wallich, &c. Terasse?
Gallatly.—DISTRIB. China.

Smilaz.] CLVI. LILIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 303

Branchlets slender, terete, smooth, unarmed. Leaves rather thin, 3-costate to
the rounded or cuneate base ; petiole narrowly sheathing, unarmed, cirrhi very
slender. Umbels many-fld.; peduncle ebracteate; pedicels 1-3 in.; bracteoles
subulate; flowers very small, white; buds depressed-globose, deeply 6-lobed from the
groove on the back of the obovate cucullate coriaceous sepals ; petals minute ;
stamens very short; staminodes in fem. fl. 3.—There is an excellent figure of this
in Roxburgh’s collection of drawings. That author describes the leaves as white
beneath, but this is not obvious in herbarium specimens. The roots are nodose, as
in the “ China-root.”

2. S. calophylla, Wall. Cat. 5131; leaves 4-6 by 3-14 in. oblong-
lanceolate acuminate 3-costate glaucous beneath base acute, petiole 4-4 in.,
sheath obscure, umbels few-fld. sessile on an axillary rachis, pedicels
decurved. 4.DC, Monogr. Smilax, 60.

SINGAPORE and PERAK, Wallich, Cantley, Wray, King's Collector ; summit of
Mt. Ophir, Hullett.

Tanchlets strict, terete, or slightly grooved, unarmed. Leaves opaque, costa
stout, reticulations faint ; petiole jointed about the middle. Flowering branches
in., erect, slender, with a lanceolate bract above the base; umbels 3-4, l in. or
more apart ; pedicels io-i in. unequal; male fl. globose, about 3 in. diam.; sepals
deltoid, fleshy, concave, deeply grooved down the back ; petals small, flat; anthers
sessile round a circular disk, deltoidly ovate, cuspidate. Berries } in. diam., red.
em. fl. not seen.

3. S. peguana, A. DC. Monogr. Smilax, 62; leaves 13-3 by 3-1} in.
elliptic oblong or ovate-oblong 5-7-costate white beneath, base acute or
cuneate, petiole 4-2 im. sheath very obscure, male umbels axillary very
shortly peduncled many-fld., pedicels very short, anthers subsessile.

BURMA, Grigith (Kew Distrib. 5124); Taipo hills, Brandis; Moolyet, alt.
8000 ft., Gallatly.

Branchiets slender, terete, unarmed. Leaves shining above, laxly reticulate on
bo Surfaces ; petiole twisted, terete. Peduncle rarely longer than the petiole ;

cteoles minute, broadly ovate; pedicels 1 in. ; flowers Je in. diam.; male sepals
ovate, Concave, coriaceous, not channelled on the back; petals very small, oblong ,
obtuse; anthers broad ; filaments very short.—The specimens are few and not in

Soe state. Griffiths No. 5424, referred by A.DC. to Aypoglauca, is certainly
ana,

4. S. myosotifiora, A.DC. Monogr. Smilax, 65; branches slender
terete, leaves oblong-ovate ‘caudate-acuminate 3-costate, petiole short,
: ls very narrow, peduncles short axillary solitary compressed, male fl.
"sessile, anthers minute sessile. S. extensa, Wall. Cat. 5126 A.

PEnana, Porter PE Wray, King’s Collector —DistR1B. Java.
ranches very «moth, unarmed. Leaves 5-7 by 2-21 in., thin when dry, trans:
t when fresh, nervules very delicately closely reticulate, base cuneate rounde or
su Cordate 3 petiole 1 in., cirrhi slender. Male peduncle } in.; flowers A in. diam.,
ovoj qP tate, rather fleshy ; sepals broadly oblong, incurved ; petals narrow ; th ors
"Q1. artes $ in. diam., l-seeded ; fruiting peduncles 1-1 in. ; pedicels 173 v R
` male flowers of Javan specimens are a good deal larger than the Indian. à om:
tame VTT. Wallich’s S. extensa being a mixture I have retained De Candolle
e for this; his specimen of this had neither flower nor fruit.

reet. II. Euswuax. Buds oblong or clavate. Sepals and petals
urved in flower. Ovules one or two in the ovarian cells.

* |
shorten De very small or minute. Sepals ;';-} in. long. Stamens much
T than the sepals ; staminodes 1-3. l

lucen
su

304 CLVI. LILIACES. (J. D. Hooker.) [Smilaz.

t Branches and branchlets acutely angled.

5. S. rigida, Wall. Cat. 5120; leaves 4-14 by 3-3 in. subsessile
orbicular-ovate or ovate-cordate faintly 3-costate, umbels 1-4-fld., sepals
elliptic oblong, petals rather narrower 4-5 times longer than the stamens.
Kunth Enum. v. 164; A.DC. Monogr. Smilax, 105. S. Wallichii, Steud.
Nomencel. (not of Kunth).

EASTERN, HIMALAYA; Nepal, Wallich; Sikkim, alt. 7-10,000 ft.; Bhotan,
Griffith. a

‘A small erect much branched shrub with small coriaceous leaves, dwarf y
densely leafy at high elevations, branches acutely angled, prickles few smali;
branchlets slender, distichous. Leares obtuse acute or apiculate base, rounded or
cordate, rarely acute ; petiole decurrent on the branchlets, with 2 minute doin
sete (cirrhi?), jointed at the top. Peduncle short, 1-1 in.; bracts lanoooiate,
taper-pointed, persistent, laciniate or ciliate; pedicels unequal; perianth cupu'ar ;
male flowers very small; sepals and petals membranous ; anthers minute didymons ;
fem. fl. rather larger, staminodes 3; ovary subglobose, stigmas sessile. Berne
1-1 in. diam., black.—Closely allied to S. myrtillus, and next to which A.D,
places it though regarding it as most nearly allied to S. feroz.

6. S. Myrtillus, A DC. Monogr. Smilax, 106; leaves 1-1} m. ovate
acuminate membranous faintly 3-costate base acute or rounded, petiole
15-4 in. articulate above the thickened broad base, peduncle few-fld. an s
pedicels very slender, sepals and petals subequal oblong three or four time
as long as the stamens.

Kuasta Haas, Grifith, alt. 4-6000 ft, J. D. H. T. T. Naca Hiris, alt.
7000 ft., Clarke. 3

Closely allied to S. rigida, which it represents in the Khasia, but 8 dort
slender plant, with larger more ovate acuminate leaves, more slender sho :
or long peduncled pedicels, and longer but still very short petioles that og
setiform process on each side as in that plant. Berries J- in. diam., black, WW
seeded, on slender pedicels.—The Bhotan plant referred here by De Candolle Gi
think, certainly S. rigida, which is a more alpine species, unknown in the Khasia.
The staminode was solitary in several flowers that I examined.

tt Branches and branchlets terete or nearly so.

7. S. parvifolia, Wall. Cat. 5118; leaves 1-3 in. ovate or ovate-
cordate or lauceolate acute or acuminate 3-5-costate often Sea .
beneath, base rounded or cordate, petiole A A in. very slender sheat ing
half way up or more, male umbels few-fld., peduncles and pedicels We
slender, bracteoles minute, sepals linear-oblong, petals much narrow P
filaments very short. Kunth Enum. v. 163. S. elegans, A.DC. Mon
Smilax, 107; Wall. Cat. 5117 B. S. glaucophylla, Klotzsch in Rese ^"
Wald. Bot. 45, t. 91.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, alt. 5-8000 ft., from Kashmir eastwards. The Kus
Hrs, alt. 6000 ft. times

Branches very slender, stiff, terete, smooth, unarmed ; branchlets sometin Y
furrowed, often zigzag. Leaves very variable in size and shape, acuminate, thin, hig ;
reticulate ; petiole very short, jointed at the top; sheath often cirrhose. De
and pedicels 3-4 in., capillary, the former often thickened and flat in fruit. U
few- or many-fld.; bracteoles lanceolate, very short; flowers winute; sepa
petals ovate-lanceolate; filaments very short; anthers didymous; OVary ,
1-3-celled, staminodes 1-3. Berries 3-1 in. diam.—A very common an vere
Himalayan plant.— The name parvifolia though appropriate for Wallich's an
specimens is for others delusive.

Smílaz.] CLVI. LILIACEE. (J.D. Hooker.) 305

$. S. vaginata, Decne. in Jaquem. Voy. Bot. 169, t. 169; leaves
Hd In, elliptic-ovate or cordate obtuse acute or mucronate 5-7-nerved,
petiole 3-3 in. very slender narrowly sheathing for } to 4 its length, sepals
and petals subsimilar oblong much longer than the stamens. A.DC.
Monogr, Smilax, 109.

Western HIMALAYAS; from Kashmir to Kumaon, alt. 6-9000 ft., Falconer,
Jacquemont, Thomson. UPPER Assam; Naga hills, alt. 9000 ft., Clarke.

A slender diffuse unarmed shrub, branches white, smooth, terete. Leaves mem-
e ous, cuneate or subcordate at the base ; petiole jointed below the top. Peduncles
br pedicels very slender; male umbel many-fid., fem. 1-fld.; flowers purplish ;
Kee 0.—De Candolle says of this manifestly allied to S. parvifolia (his 8.
m differing in the petiole articulate below the limb without cirrhi, and stami-
v 6. The habitats he gives of Hyderabad, alt. 4000 to 6500 ft., cannot apply

e city of that name in the Deccan.

ut S. longebracteolata, Hook. f.; stems slender, branches terete,

deri In. ovate-cordate acuminate 5-costate, petiole 1 in. narrowly

vik Ke for half its length, tips of sheaths acute, umbels long peduncled,

ee ës subulate rigid 1-2 as long as the pedicels, sepals and rather

ui ower petals of male linear oblong, stamens very short. S. elegans,
‘major, A.DC. Monogr. Smilax, 107.

SE Hiris; at Myrung, alt. 5-6000 ft., J. D. H. & T. T. .

iole a terete, quite smooth, ratherslender. Leaves thin, finely reticulated ;
Cüspida rticulate at the top ?, sheathing portion coriaceous, margins recurved, tips
shortly vi curved, cirrhi inserted above the cusps. Male umbels small, few-fld.,

k. peduncled, pedicels 3 in.; bracteoles shorter than in the fem., subulate;
the leaf. m.; fem. peduncles naked at the base, inserted a little above the axil of
very hoi, e dicels i-i in.; sepals lanceolate, acuminate ; petals narrower; stigmas
tinguish aoe larger leaves and long rigid bracteoles of the fem. umbels dis-

us from S. parvifolia and minutiflora.

inn Dr minutiflora, A. DC. Monogr. Smilax, 109; branches slender

tegen ee leaves 21—44 by 3-11 in. ovate-lanceolate or linear-oblong

H in ? n membranous 3-5-costate base obtuse rounded or subacute, petiole
ny-fid, eath oblong i of its length narrowed upwards, male umbels

Stamens, f Sepals and petals subequal lanceolate 3-4 times longer than the
& 5 lem. umbels very few.fld., peduncle very long slender.

X Hruazaya, alt. 6-9000 ft., J. D. H. Kuasta Hiris, Grififh. ——
bran * strict, woody, unarmed, smooth; scales at the base of the flowering
articulate a mM. long. Leaves pale beneath, nervules laxly reticulate ; petiole

in, ; à ow the limb, cirrhi 0, Peduncle of male umbel slender; pedicels
the more ae S globose. Berries 4 in, diam., black.—** Differs from S. vaginata in

Tves of the or acuminate leaves, and shorter petiole ; from S. parvifolia in the
doubt its ? leaf descending into the petiole before reaching the joint," 4.DC.; I
"ng anything but parvifolia.

e elegans, Wall. Cat. 5117 A; branches slender terete, leaves
in, ne or ovate-cordate acute or acuminate thin 5-costate, petiole
ie], s athing half way up or more, male and fem. peduncles aud

ütherg her's illary, umbels few-fld., sepals ovate-oblong, petals obovate,

Bmilaz, 108 Sessile, ovary globose. S. menispermoidea, A.DC. Monogr.

Tung
i», H., trade Hataya ; Kumaon and Nepal, Wallich; Sikkim, alt. 7-11,000 ft.,

VoL. "i ; branches and branchlets quite smooth, unarmed. Leoves variable

306 CLVI. LILIACER. (J. D. Hooker.) [Smilaz.

in breadth ; sheath of petioles of old leaves 3-1 in., axillary branches with a recurved
basal scale, cirrhi slender. Peduncles 1-1} in. long; male flowers 4-6, 4-} in. diam.;
bracteoles minute, subulate; fruiting peduncles strict, slender, 1-1} in. ; receptacle
minute, pedicels 4-$ in, ; ovary with 2 (? 2-3) stigmas recurved from the base.
Berries } in. diam., blue-black ; seeds 2-3, small, obtusely angled.—The broad thio
leaves and long sheaths of the petioles best distinguish this from parvifolia.

** Flowers large or small; sepals rarely less than 3 in. long. Stamens
equalling or longer than the sepals; rarely } shorter.

t Umbels many spicate on an axillary peduncle.

19. S. aspera, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1098; leaves 11-6 in. ovate deltoid or
lanceolate base hastate or cordate, sepals linear-oblong, petals rather nar-
rower, anthers linear shorter than the filaments. Reich. Je, Fl. Germ.
x. t. 428; A.DC. Monogr. Smilax, 163 (vars. genuina, Perrottetiana wei
maculata). S. maculata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 796; Wall. Cat. 5113; Ww
Ill. 384; Kunth Enum. v. 218; Wight Ic. t. 2059; Thwaites Enum. S
(excl. syn. Villandia). Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 343. S. fulgens, Wall. Cat.
5122. S. nilagarensis, Steud. Pl. E«sicc. Hohen. n. 952.

Throughout India, from KasuMiR, alt, 4-7000 ft., to the Ent HILLS, and
southward to TRAVANCORE, alt. 4-7000 ft., and CEYLON; ascending to 5000 ft.—
DISTRIB. Syria, S. Europe, N. Africa. . ste, 5-9-

A large shrub, branches armed or not. Leaves usually blotched with white,
nerved, acute or acuminate, basal lobes rounded or oblong; petiole in ee
nerves beneath often prickly ; cirrhi usually long. Spikes 2-6 in.; rachis slon
smooth, umbels many-fid., bracteoles minute; flowers white, sweet scented, ren
longer than the pedicels; male sepals A in. long, fem. rather smaller; stam!»
6; stigmas oblong, recurved. Berries 1—1 in., blueish, usually 8-seeded .

Tf Umbels solitary binate or panicled on a common peduncle.
§ Branches rough hispid or granulate.

13. S. aspericaulis, Wall. Cat.5129; branches terete scabrid, bar
2-8 by 2-3 in. oblong or linear-oblong thin 3-costate from above the, berg
tip rounded or clawed, petiole 2-1 in, narrowly sheathing below the mi j
male sepals 3 in. linear-oblong, petals very narrow, stamens as long Ton
sepals. 4A.DC. Monogr. Smilae, 195. S. Roxburghiana, Wall. Cat. ,

in part. PS, odoratissima, Blume.

A

SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 1-3000 ft., J. D. H. (6000 ft., King). The Er!
Hints and Burma, Wallich, &c. ANDAMAN IsLANDS, Kurz. PERAK,
Collector. cuneate

Branches unarmed or aculeate, sometimes closely. Leaves rounded 2, longs
at the bases. Umbels many-fld., solitary or 2-3 on a common peduncle jam
partial peduncle as long; buds clavate } in. long; bracteoles obsolete;
globose; pedicels j in. ; fem. fl. not seen. Berries nearly 4 in. diam.—
Blume’s S. odoratissima that is the earliest name.

l

14. S. barbata, Wall. Cat. 5195 ; branches very stout terete der
bristly, leaves 6-10 in. long and broad elliptic or orbicular-cordate
ceous cuspidate 7-costate from above the base, petiole very ston onog:
sheathing and bristly, umbels very long-peduncled. A.DC.
Smilax, 196. 8. setosa, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 610.

SINGAPORE, Wallich, Hullett.—D1sTRIB. Banca.

Leaves coarsely reticulate, white beneath ; petiole 1-14 in.; male umbels ve

Smilaz.] CLVI. LILIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 307

many-fid., solitary and bracteate towards the base or two ona long common peduncle,
special peduncles 2-3 in., very slender; pedicels 2 in. ; bracteoles small, ovate; male fl.
4 in. diam., sepals oblong-lanceolate, obtuse ; petals very narrow ; staminodes of fem.
Lë: ovary oblong ; stigmas very long, free to the base, revolute; ovules solitary
(or 1-2 in one cell solitary in the others P).

15. S. Kingii, Hook. J.; branches very stout granulate, leaves 5-10 in.
orbicular-ovate or elliptic and very large cymbiform petiolar sheaths
ickly coriaceous 5—7-costate from the base, petiole 2-3 in. ; umbels 1-3 on
à very short common peduncle, partial peduncles 1-3 in., pedicels 13-2 in.,
sepals 1 in, long.
Katayan PENINSULA ; Perak, King’s Collector.
P eg 40 ft.; branches angular, lower as thick as the little finger with many
na spines j in. long. Leaves very smooth on both surfaces; nerves obscure,
van eg petiole as thick as a goosequill; sheath cymbiform of lower leaves with
me mes large spines; cirrhi very stout. Fem. fl. sepals broadly oblong-lanceolate,
a petals very narrow; staminodes 3; ovary oblong; style one-third as long,
ma much longer than the style. Berry lin. diam. Male fl. not seen.

16. 8. pallescens, A.DC. Monogr. Smilax, 198; branches terete
arte leaves 5-10 by 2-3} in. narrowly oblong tip rounded and
peti A caudate thin pale 5-costate from the rounded or subacute base,

^e fin. obscurely sheathing articulate at the middle.

UrreR Assam; in the Mishmi hills, Griffith.
ý è solitary specimen of this fine species consists of a branch with leaves and
Fri with a solitary flower. The branch is unarmed, not scabrid like
oh ag and hardly warted as described by De Candolle, but granulate; the
lin “re very slender, 2-5 in. long, white, the umbels 1-3-nate, peduncles
om ae oricate, the bracts are all gone.—I have seen no flowers. Griffith describes
as greenish-brown spotted with red, and with white anthers,

§ Branches smooth, usually aculeate.
middle mbels solitary rarely 2-nate; peduncle bracteate or not below the

tri t feror, Wall. Cat. 5119; branches stout aculeate, leaves 23-35

Get elliptic or ovate- or obovate-oblong acute or mucronate rigid
theathin ase cuneate or rounded, petiole i in. broad coriaceous
qual, ate tumidly for half its length, sepals and petals oblong sub-
103, "e (nens 6-9 one-third shorter than the sepals. A.DC. Monogr. Smilax,

die |. o ina, Maxim. Dec. v. 172 (the Indian plant). S. Thomsoniana,

Grifth (K Hiwanaya ; Nepal, Wallich; Sikkim alt. 5-8000 ft. J. D. H. BENGAL,
‘ ind distrib. 9440). MUNNIPORE, Watt.—Disrris. Tonkin,

shrub ; branches strongly prickly, terete, branchlets unarmed, angled.
ticle jointed ate and elineolate, marginal nerves very slender, nervules faint;
leva, are at the sheath. ` Um hel from the young shoots only, of which the
"rely 2-nat membranous subglaucous beneath; peduncles rather stout, solitary,
Inte ah) 2 71 in. long or shorter ; bracteoles ovate, acuminate sepals {—} in. long,
Berries 1 58 ,, Petals similar; staminodes 3 ; ovary oblong, short styles, stout.
*etimens an, 1-2.seeded.— The stamens are certainly sometimes 9 in Sikkim
Sn, Chin, e Candolle remarks on the close affinity of this with the ‘“‘ China,

lt further” Which he refers to sect. Nemezia, having 2-ovuled cells of the ovary ;
"Ver, they dEtishes S. ferop by the leaves not cuneate at the base, which,

dei istinguish S. Thom-
a Variety. imes are, I find no characters whereby to distinguis

x 2

308 CLVI. LILIAOEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [Smilaz.

18. S. levis, Wall. Cat. 5116; unarmed, leaves 4-6 by 1-2 in.
lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate acuminate 3-5-costate from or above the
acuminate or cuspidate base, petiole j-2 in. shortly sheathing, umbe
solitary; peduncle bracteate below the middle much longer than Fo
petiole. A.DO. Monogr. Smilax, 56. S. oxyphylla, Kunth Enum, v.?
(the Penang plant of Wallich).

PrwaxG, Wallich, Curtis, Ze, MaArACOA; Mt. Ophir, Griffith, PERAK, alt,
3—4000 ft., King’s Collector.—DisTRIB. China. ed

Branches slender, terete, smooth. Leaves jointed suddenly at the narrow
base, finely reticulate. Pedunele 3-1 in.; pedicels of male fl. very short; bracteo a
obsolete; flowers 2 in. diam. ; sepals linear-oblong; petals very narrow ; stam T
nearly as long as the sepals ; staminodes 3; stigmas large recurved. Berries sma ,
i in. diam., fruiting pedicels 4 in., very slender.— The Mt. Ophir specimens (var.
ophirense, A.DC.) have very strongly reticulated leaves.

19. S. lancewfolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 792; leaves 4-6 by 13-3 im
orbicular- oblong- or oblong-lanceolate acuminate 3-costate base 307^
petiole 1-3 in., sheath obscure, male umbels subsessile very many DC.
peduncles naked shorter than the petioles. Wall. Cat. 5192; AY
Monogr. Smilax, 57. S. micropoda, A.DC. l. c. 58.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 4-7000 ft. The Knasia, NAGA and MuNNIPOBE Hips,
Clarke, Are, BURMA, in the Shan States.—DisTRI 2. China. udate

Branches slender, subterete, prickles few or 0. Leaves membranous, ger?
intra-marginal nerves very slender, punctulate and lineolate. Male umbe" se
fid., pedicels j in., filiform, bracteoles ovate, acute; flowers i !n. diam. 5 Fem.
and petals linear, subequal ; anthers oblong, much shorter than the filaments. | te or
umbels subsimilar ; peduncle stout, flattened; bracteoles very minute, subu deg
0; staminodes 3, ovary short, obtusely trigonous; stigmas short, obtuse, ae rigid
Berry about 4 in. diam.—The Chinese plant (var. opaca, A.DC.) has mo cimen,
epunctate leaves. The leaves are subcordate in the Burmese specimens. A m ovate
apparently of this from the Duphla hills has leaves 5-6 by 34~4 in., broadly
deeply cordate, and fruiting peduncle 14 in., with pedicels 1 in.

20. S. oxyphylla, Wall. Cat. 5128; branches very slender, leaves
21-5 by 4-1} in. narrowly oblong-lanceolate acuminate umbel
acuminate, petiole }-} in., sheath obscure, peduncle of male nake
equalling or rather longer than the petiole ebracteate very slender

u .

pedicels capillary. nth Enum. v. 238 (excl. syn.); A.
Smilax, 59.

Star, the Kuasa HILLS, and Currragone, Wallich, Griffith, &c. branous

Branches terete, with a very few short prickles or 0. Leaves MOM ripa
sometimes caudate, very finely reticulate, lineolate, hardly punctulate, intra ls and
nerves very slender. Male umbel 15-30-fld., bracteoles very minute; $e much
petals obovate-oblong, rather longer than the stamens; anthers oblong rol
shorter than the very slender filaments,—Hardly distinguishable from marmo
specimens of S. lanceefolía. I have seen no fem. fl.

b in
B. Umbels 2-3 on a common peduncle. Staminodes 3- Excep

S. zeylanica.
t Costæ of leaves free from the base, or connate in S. quadrata.

Jed

21. S. quadrata, A.DC. Monogr. Smilaz, 183; branches oe te

zigzag, leaves 4-6 by 15-21 in. oblong or elliptic-oblong broadly ° id i»

membranous 3-costate from the rounded base or above it, peto j on *
narrowly sheathing for half its length, fem. umbels solitary 9T

Smilax.) OLVI, LILIACER. (J. D. Hooker.) 309

short common peduncle very many-fld. pedicels rigid, flowers small,
spe Tinear-oblong, petals narrowly linear. S. zeylanica, Wall. Cat.

Kuasia Hints, Griffith; alt. 4-6000 ft. J. D. H. & T. T. MUNNIPORE, alt.
5500 ft., Clarke. BURMA; Tavoy and Prome, Wallich.

À very remarkable species, at once recognized by the square unarmed almost
+winged sparsely prickly zigzag branches, and oblong thin leaves with callous-tipped
cusps; the peduncles i in. long are very rigid, as are the pedicels which radiate

ing a globe 1 in, diam. or less. Fem. ji. very small, } in. diam. ; staminodes
-3; ovary contracted into a stout style with suberect stigmas, Male jl. peduncle

der; pedicels capillary, shorter than the buds; sepals 4 in. long; petals very
marrow; filaments very slender.—I found only 1-3 staminodes, A. DC, in a solitary
‘uperfect flower though there were probably 6.

2. S. Helferi, A.DC. Monogr. Smilax, 176; branches slender
sparingly prickly, leaves 3-5 by 1-3 in. oblong rounded at both ends
tostate from the base membranous tip clawed, petiole 4—4 in. sheathing

above its middle, male umbels many-fld., sepals linear-oblong, petals
re narrower, costa thick, stamens nearly as long as the sepals.

8. Wonensis, Pres] Rel, Hænk. i. 131.

Zeg ; MeLelland, TENASSERIM, Helfer, Falconer; MALACOA, Griffith, Maingay.
"vi EI, ? Philippines,
Branches as thick as a crow-quill, terete, grooved ; prickles small, nearly straight.
ves retuse, or tipped with a fleshy nail-like process, rarely acuminate; cortæ
abo ; cìrrhi O or short. Male umbels usually solitary, peduncle j-1 in., bracteate
seis Middle or lower; fruiting peduncles stout; receptacle globose, pitte $
^ D minute, ovate 3 pedicels 3 in., slender ; staminodes 3. Berries very smal ’
With i m, diam.; seeds small.—De Candolle makes of Maingay’s plant a varie Y
il to ; Costæ hardly separate above the base, and immature berries smaller, u I
pian nd these differences, I have seen no specimens of Helfer’s and Fa coner :
ing, A£ Other berries than Maingay’s. Ritchie has collected a very similar plan
Nerless state at Kasarleh in Canara.

KA s. extensa, Wall. Cat. 5196 B; branches terete, leaves 3-6

Vegas, a: elliptic or oblong-lanceolate acute or _cuspidate coriaceons
theat te from the cuneate or acuminate base, petiole j-$ 1n. narrowly

^ Ing to the middle, male umbels solitary or 2-3 on a short bracteate
Peta on pe uncle many-fid., pedicels very short, sepals linear obtuse,

Zeie 179, narrower, stamens as long as the sepals. ADC. Monogr.

Pey í
vm Wallich, Curtis, 1244.

5 striate, unarmed, ribs slender. Leaves shining, not margined, very
A the Del at the base into the stout petiole; some of the largest are rounded
ie nih a broad cusp; cirrhi stout. Peduncle of umbels bracteate at t he
Let Was minute, ovate; pedicels 2 in.; sepals } in.; staminodes 3.
> Wall, 5126, A. is S. myosotijlora of A. De Candolle.

of leaves more or less connate at the base (see also B.

A S, z les
tang] ' zeylanica, Linn, Sp. Pl. 1029; branches slender more or Jess
"uris Bëss 2-7 by 21-4 in. elliptio or broadly oblong or ovate-oblong
: : 3-5-costate f tiole 3-1 in. very shortly

rom above the base, pe 9 duncle
E at the base, umbels solitary or 2-3 on a common pecu

310 CLVI. LILIACEE, (J. D. Hooker.) [Smilaz.

small many-fid., special peduncle and pedicels short, sepals 4-4 in. linear,
petals much narrower, stamens as long as the sepals. A.DC. Monogr.
Smilax, 190; Thwaites Enum. 338; Wall. Cat. 5130 A. S. indica, Vitm.
Summa, v. 422; A.DC. l. c. 187. S. laurifolia, Hohen. Pl. E«sice. n. 122.
S. Hohenackeri, Kunth Enum. v. 240. S. umbellata & pseudo-China,

Herb. Madr.—Burm. Fl. Zeyl. 217 excl. syn.—Rheede Hort. Mal. vii. t.
3l.

Throughout the hilly tropical districts of India, from the EasrERN HIMALAYA
and Burma to the MALAY PENINSULA, and from the CoNcAN to CEYLON.—DISTRIB.

ava.

Branches unarmed or with a few prickles; branchlets often zigzag. Leaves
more uniform than in most species, base rounded or subcordate, or in the terminal
leaves often acute ; petiole jointed in the middle, at length cirrhose. Peduncle
bracteate at the base, umbels 20—30-fld., male pedicels + in., fem. 4 in. ; staminode
in few-fl. Berries 4 in. diam., usually 2 plano-convex. The var. sisparensts A.DC.

(S. laurifolia, Hohen.) is the common Deccan form, and not distinguishable from
the Ceylon.

25. S. macrophylla, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 72; Fl. Ind. iii. 793 (not of
Willd.) ; branches stout terete, leaves 6-18 in., as broad or narrower orbicular
or broadly oblong cuspidate 5-7-costate from the rounded subcordate or
suddenly cuneate base, petiole 1-13 in. very stout narrowly sheathing below
the middle, umbels 2-3 on a short common peduncle, male partial peduncle
slender, sepals i in. linear, stamens as long as the sepals. nd
Monogr. Smilaz, 193 (excl. var. cacharensis). S. ovalifolia, Roch Fl. Ina.
ii. 794; Wight, Ic. t. 809; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 246; Kunth Enum. Y.
248. S. Roxburghii, Kunth l. e. 852. S. retusa, Roch l. e. 793. B. Pon
lifera, Wall. Cat. 5724 C. D. F. S. prolifera & ovalifolia, Herb. Ind. Or-
Hook. f. & T. S. grandis, Wall. ex Voigt Hort. Sub. Cale. 648
grandifolia, Voigt. l. c.

TnoPICAL HIMALAYA, from Kumaon (Herb. Strach. d Winterb. 8) ke

Tarde AssaM, BENGAL, CHITTAGONG, BURMA, the CENTRAL PROVINCES ar
ONCAN.

Stem stout, scandent, prickly, as thick as the thumb below. Leaves Sc)
above; cirrhi long. Male peduncles 4-1} in., slender; umbels many -?
pedicels }-4 in., shorter than the buds; staminodes of fem. fl. 3. Ovary oblong;
stigmas 3 sessile, Berries 41-1} in. diam., 1-2-seeded ; pedicels short, stout. is
biconvex.—This is, I think, undoubtedly Roxburgh’s ovalifolia as well " oe
macrophylla, It is best distinguished from prolifera, by the narrow shea th o j
petiole, but both are so variable in foliage, that young shoots of prolifera ies
undeveloped sheaths may be mistaken for macrophylla. De Candolle vila
Roxburgh’s ovalifolia with prolifera, but cites Wight’s t. 809 under macrophy y
overlooking the fact that Wight’s figure is an acknowledged copy of Roxbare "
drawing of ovalifolia and bears that name, as also that of ‘ Kunda gurang

À e
which Roxburgh also gives. De Candolle’s S. ovalifolia must therefore take t
name of S. prolifera.

26. S. Wightii, A.DC. Monogr. Smilax, 174; branches robos
leaves 3-44 in. coriaceous orbicular or broadly ovate or elliptic subeor Si
5-7-costate from above the base, petiole very stout sheathing for 2 out
its length, umbels solitary or 2-3 on a common peduncle man To "p,
of male jin. long and petals subequal linear hardly longer than
stamens. S. zeylanica, Wight, Ic. t. 2057-8.

NireHiRI HILLs, alt. 4—6000 ft., Wight, &e.

Smilaz.] CLVI. LILIACEX, (J. D. Hooker.) 311

A lofty climber; branches terete, sparsely prickly. Leaves shining, acute or
cuspidate, or young acuminate, base rounded or cordate, margins of petiolar sheath
ineurved. Common peduncle 1-1} in., stout, bracteate at the base; bracteoles
subulate; pedicels 4-% in.; male fl. largest, filaments very slender ; fem. with
narrower petals; staminodes 3 ; Ovary broadly ovoid; stigmas sessile. Berries à in.
diam.—Wight’s figure is inaccurate in representing the coste of the leaf as free to
the base, and peduncles and pedicles as far too slender.—De Candolle gives
Khasia hills, Kurz, as a habitat, but I have seen no specimens, and suspect some
error,

27. S. polyacantha, Wall. Cat. 5197; branches slender closely
pretty, leaves 4—6 by 13-2 in. coriaceous elliptic-lanceolate acuminate at
roth ends 3-5-costate from above the base, petiole stout narrowly sheath-
mg below the middle, umbels solitary or 2 on a very short common
peduncle many-fld., fem. sepals } in. long. Kunth Enum. v.939; A.DC.
Monogr. Smilax, 176.

Penang, Porter, .

Branches terete, as thick as a crow-quill, prickles short, straight. Leaves
mas ed into the petiole, which is 3-1 in., strongly 3-costate with slender sub-
marginal nerves; cirrhi slender. Common peduncle very stout, partial (fruiting)
Hl in, stout; receptacle ovoid; bracteoles minute, ovate; fem. fl. very small.

ary with short recurved styles.

28. S. Roxburghiana, Wall. Cat. 5115; branches terete, branch-
d tangled, leaves 5-8 in. polymorphous oblong ovate or ovate-
ceolate base rounded cordate or cuneate 3-5-costate from above the
tae, petiole with very large broad 2-auricled sheaths below the middle,
umbels solitary or 2-3 on a common peduncle many-fld., sepals + in. long, -
"ar-oblong, stamens as long as the sepals. S. ocreata and orthoptera,
Monogr. Smilax, 193; 8. macrophylla, var. cacharensis, A.DC. l. c.
mn o Prolifera, Wall. Cat. 5124 B, D, ix part. S. laurifolia, Roxb. in

+ €.

S TROPICAT, HIMALAYA from Garwhal Eastwards, SILHET, CACHAR, the KHASIA
ILLS and BEHAR (on Parus-nath). hoots 6 b
4 dme more or less prickly; branches smooth. Leaves on young s peli or
oe ity thin, lanceolate base acute, petiole 4-1 in.; in older 8 by 33 in., or "
vate-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, on still older 5-7 by 24-4 in. oblong on uen ,

cortceous 5-costate, base rounded cordate or truncate ; coste in a unite
dene e base; auricles in old leaves 1-1} in. produced behind into rounded lo es
embracing the branch. Umbels 1-3; peduncles very variable in length and posi-
n, common peduncle 1-3 in., bracteate at the base; receptacle globose ; one
umbels 12-15-fid., pedicels } in., slender; staminodes 3; stigmas long, recurved:
erie 4 in. diam., pedicels as long or longer. Seeds 2, hemispheric or solitary an
globose, Jess than } in. diam.

eB. me ) 186; branches terete
` Sacarpa, A Dr Monogr. Smilax, ;
abort ,narmed, leaves 3-7 in. elliptic ovate or oblong 3-costate from
iode base, etiole 3-11 in., sheath short narrow, umbels many-Hd.,
Bel + in, Slender, sepals i in. long ligulate, petals very parom
bas "TY long slender, berry the size of a cherry 3-seeded,

E Grifith. MarAcca, Maingay. PERAK; Larut, Kunstler.
* lonkin, . .
Té are two forms (or ies) included here, differing greatly in foliage,
ù x hasian and Malayan, AN peice) in their remarkable fruit and seeds. DU
the E “ing branches rather thicker than a crow-quill, very rigid, "lv acu “nate
sian the leaves are elliptic or ovate 3-4 by 1- nearly 2 in., obtusely acum

312 CLVI. LILIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Smilaz.

margined, contracted at the base near to which the slender coste unite, they are
thin shining with finely reticulate nervnles ; the petiole is 3 in. long, sheathing about
i way up, and articulate at the tip. In the Maingay specimen the leaves are
detached, 6 by 3 in., broadly oblong rounded at the tip, very coriaceous ; the cost
are much stouter, they match well the older leaves of Griffith’s specimen. In both
the umbels are numerous along the rigid branches. Umbels 1-3 on a stout
common peduncle as long as the petiole or longer; peduncles 4-1 in. stiff; pedicels
3-5, also stiff. Berries nearly 1 in. diam. ; seeds 3, orbicular, 3 in. diam., biconvex.
—Were it not that Griffith’s specimen is labelled Khasia by his own hand, 1 should
have suspected some error in the habitat. In the Perak specimens the male fl. branches
are elongate, leafy upwards, and the upper umbels axillary, the lower arise from
leafless scales; peduncles 3-1 in., pedicels 4 in. ; bracteoles minute.

y Umbels more than three alternate or whorled over the rachis of à
common peduncle.

.90. S. prolifera, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 795; branches stout terete
prickly, leaves 4-8 by 14-6 in. from ovate acuminate to orbicular-ovate
or oblong cuspidate 3-7-costate from above the rounded or subcordate
base, petiole 1-2 in. sheathing portion usually forming two large basa
amplexicaul erect or reflexed auricles, racemes elongate, umbels 10-20
3-nate or whorled many-fld. Wall. Cat. 5124, A, B, D (in part) E, G, H;
Kunth Enum. v. 247 (excl. syn. ovalifolia). S. laurifolia, Roxb. l. c. 193.
S. laurina, Kunth l.c. 248. S. ovalifolia, A.DC. Monogr. Smilax, 199
(not of Rowb.). ? S. macrophylla, Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 246.

macrophylla, var. polycephala, A.DC. Le 194. S. umbellata, Herb.
Heyne.

TROPICAL WESTERN HIMALAYA; Kumaon, Strachey & Winterbottom (Smilas
Nos. 6, 7). Nepat, Wailich. Situet, BENGAL, BrnaR, Burma, the DECCAY
PENINSULA and CEYLON.

Stem stout, more or less strongly armed, climbing. Leaves extremely
variable in form and size; coste 3-7, the three inner united above the base;
sheath of petiole very variable, sometimes exactly as in S. Rozburghiana, at others n
narrow. Umbels 30—40-fld.; peduncles 3-1} in., pedicels 3 in. ; bracteoles minu:e ;
flowers very small ; sepals 4 in., oblong-lanceolate ; petals as long, very narrow, ` .
often breaking off above the base in the fem. fl.; stamens as long as the sepas;
filaments slender; staminodes of fem. fl. 3; ovary oblong; stigmas large: long;
erect, very deciduous. Berries red, the size of a pea. Seeds small, biconvex-
Candolle certainly errs in referring this to S. ovalifolia, Roxburgh's drawings weg
descriptions are very precise. The ovalifolia var. nerrulosa, A.DC. l.c. 200 er
Ceylon (Walker, a solitary male specimen) is possibly a different specie; de
leaves are 3} by 14-2 in., elliptic, oblong, ‘apiculate, with 3 costz meeting at he
base, the petiolar sheaths form tumid auricles nearly j in. long and at basal t e
racemes are shorter, the flowers rather larger, and pedicels shorter than 1n We
prolifera. Var. parvigloba, A.DC. 1. c. 200 (a solitary male specimen) Tesem is
nervulosa in foliage, but has smaller petiolar sheaths, small panicles of minus
flowers with sepals and narrow petals A in. long; it is, 1 think, a very ife.
species; its habitat is doubtful, being in a miscellaneous collection of Gri t 1
supposed to be from E. Bengal (numbered 545, Kew Distrib.), but bearing #180
ticket inscribed **Smilax stipulacea," which much resembles a Calcutta pot. Ga :
one. Of var. polystemon A.DC. from Burma Kurz. (n. 2636) with 8-9 sim

I know nothing; S. feroz is the only polystemonous Indian species that I bave
examined.

31. S. leucophylla, Blume Enum. 18 A, C; branches terete, e
6-8 by 2-44 in. ovate or oblong 3-5-costate from above the cuneate Weg? e
or subcordate base coriaceous glaucous beneath, petiole 1-13 19 wit

Smilaz, | CLVI. LILIACE®, (J. D. Hooker.) 313

large obtuse incurved auricles, male umbels very-man y-fld., pedicels hardly
longer than the sepals. A.DC. Monogr. Smilax, 200:

an: Griffith, Curtis; PERAK, King’s Collector.—DisTR1B. Malaya, Cochin-
na,

Branches stout, quite smooth, more or less prickly. Leaves retuse acute or
acuminate, nervules obscure. Inflorescence irregularly branched; peduncles of
umbels 3-3 in., bracteoles obscure ; buds } in. long, clavate ; pedicels slender, about
as long 3 Sepals linear ; filaments slender, anthers linear.

32. S. Blumei, A.DC. Monogr. Smilax, 202; branches stout terete,
leaves 8-24 in. orbieular-ovate acute or obtuse tomentose beneath stoutly

T-costate from above the base, petiole 2 in. very stout, sheathing base
lin. with inflexed sides and acute tips, fruiting umbels on a short stout
ommon peduncle, receptacle large globose deeply pitted, pedicels 1~1} in.
8. perfoliata, Blume Enum. 18 (not of Lour.).

Matacoa, Maingay, at Ulu Bubong, King’s Collector.—Di1STRIB. Java.
ranches prickly. — Leaves coriaceous, cost and transverse nervules deeply sunk
ve, highly raised beneath, Umbels on a common peduncle 1-3 inches long and
2 thie asa crow-quill, <“ Ovules solitary, berries trigonous at the apex (Maingay
ben, Resembles S. leucophylla, but the leaves are tomentose and not glaucous

33. S. Griffithii, 4.DC. Monogr. Smilax, 198; branches obtusely
angled smooth, leaves 7-10 by 23-43 in. ovate acuminate 5-7-costate from
* cuneate base coriaceous, petiole lin. articulate in the middle, base
gege With two rounded auricles, male panicles 7-umbelled buds

or UPPER Burma, Griffith.

Pu. ch (young) with a very few minute prickles. Leaves red brown when dry.
narro 14 In. long. Umbels 2—4-nate ; peduncles 4 in.; pedicels 4 in, ; sepals 3 in.,
~The y obovate-oblong ; petals narrowly linear; stamens shorter than the sepals.
is in ? mobie species was collected by Griffith in his journey from Assam to Burma ; it
on the. m only, and the ticket bears no precise habitat beyond that it was gathered
Patk * 15th of some month, at an elevation of 5000 ft. probably either on the
i, 2 hills, where he was on March 15th, 1837, on Laim-Planj, or in the Mishmi

ills, Where he was in Nov, 15th, 1836. The sepals are described as herbaceous
Coloured with brown.

8 DOUBTFUL AND IMPERFECTLY KNOWN SPECIES.

iii, 99 KE Kunth Enum. v. 261, founded on S. pseudo- China, Roxb. Fl. Ind.

8 rom the Garrow hills, is unrecognizable. It may be S. zeylanica.

` PECIPIENS, Spreng, Pugill. ii. 91, Undeterminable. l
being à goa, Spreng. Pugill. ii. 91. De Candolle (Monogr. 207) doubts this
ely 5 milax, the stem is described as pubescent, the leaves oblong oblique
v Tel and the spikes elongate compound.—E. Indies.

Herb. proB®NSIS, A.DC. Monogr. Smilaz, 177 ; S. calophylla, Wall. Cat. 5131
ew prick) ‘chard. De Candolle describes this as differing from S. Helferi in its
leaves KD: Sbort sheaths of the petiole, the obtuse base of the more cuspid

gmas scale of the raceme, larger female flowers and longer less papiliose
Wallich’s e further remarks that three species have been distribu e Mä
the type - calophylla, No doubt this is so, but the confusion of certain pe sin
ate in ti lection of Wallich is so great that except the duplicate specimens 7 vm
at any satisf, SCH mere fragments) were brought together, it is impossibie to a

'stactory identification of them.
` "ies, Kunth Enum., v. 246; A.DC. Monogr. Smilax, 178. 8. prolifera,

314 OLVI. LILIACEZ, (J. D. Hooker.) [Smilaz.

Wall. Cat. 5124 B, D, in part. The specimens are quite insufficient for determina-
tion. They may belong to S. zeylanica or Rozburghiana.

S. VILLANDIA, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5123; Royle Ill. 384, t. 94.— Rheede Hort.
Mal. vi. t. 31. Detached leaves alone exist in Wallich’s and Hamilton Herbaria
(from the Nepal Morung), and may belong to any one of several species. Royle’s
plant is only known from the figure the inflorescence of which represents nothing
known to me. Rheede’s plant is undeterminable.

2. HETEROSMILAX, Kunth.

Characters of Smilax, but perianth tubular, mouth contracted,
2-5-toothed, and stamens 3 with more or less connate filaments.— Species
5, Indian, Malayan, Chinese and Japanese.

H. indica, A.DC. Monogr. Smilax, 43; leaves ovate- or oblong-
lanceolate acuminate, filaments connate to about the middle, anthers
obtuse.

ASSAM and the KHasrA Hrs, alt. 1-4000 ft.

Stem very slender. Leaves 4-8 by 2-33 in., 5-nerved, rather thin, base rounded ;
petiole 3-1 in., subterete, sheathing base very short, cirrhose. Peduncles solitary,
axillary, 1}-24 in., flattened; umbels many-Hd.; bracteoles minute, ovate, acum
nate; pedicels 3-13 in. ; flowers very many, obovoid, male 4 in. long. Fruit ii i
diam., globose. Seeds 2, hemispheric.— Very near H. japonica, Maxim., but differing
by the filaments being united only half way up, and the anthers obtuse.

3. ASPARAGUS, Linn.

Rootstock stout, creeping. Stem erect straggling or climbing, terete
grooved or angled. Leaves minute scales, often spinescent, bearing in their
axils tufts of needle-like or fattened branchlets (cladodes). Flowers
small or minute, axillary, rarely uni-sexual, solitary fascicled or racemes,
pendulous; pedicel jointed. Perianth campanulate, 6-partite. Stamen
on the bases of the segments; anthers oblong. Ovary 9-gonous; style t ,
stigmas 3; cells 2- or more- ovuled. Berry globose. Seeds 2-6; tes
black, brittle; embryo dorsal.—Species about 100, Europe and Temp. a?
Trop. Asia and Africa.

* Flowers axillary, solitary clustered or umbelled, not racemed.

+ Leaves not or rarely spinescent. Cladodes short straight or falcate.

1. A. filicinus, Ham. in Don Prodr. 49; tall, erect, cladodes 25
nate falcate flat acuminate costate, pedicels solitary or 2-nate, flowe
polygamous. Kunth Enum. v. 73; Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 600.

TEMPERATE and TRoPICAL HIMALAYA, from Kashmir 4—7000 ft. eastwards,
alt. 6-9009 ft., to Bhotan (except Sikkim). The KHasia Hie alt. 5-6000 tt.
AssaM and BURMA. -— DISTRIB. China.

Stems flexuous, fistular, much branched, smooth, unarmed, lower branches $
ing; upper internodes short. Cladodes Ae in. Pedicels Oor 4-4 in., jointed a te
the middle. Perianth Ae in., subeampanulate. Stamens short; anthers minute.
Berry 4-4 in. diam.—The following are marked forms.

A. FILICINUS proper; cladodes A.A in., pedicels very slender 4-1 in.—Cent
Western Himalaya.

short, — Assam

Var. BREVIFIPES, Baker l. c. ; cladodes }-} by A in., pedicels very
and Khasia hills.

pread-

ral and

Asparague.] CLVI. LILIACEZ, (J. D. Hooker.) 315

Var, BREVIFOLIA, Baker I. c. ; internodes very short, cladodes 1—1 in.—Khasia
hills, at Syong, J. D. H. & T. T.

Var. LYCOPODINEA, Baker l. c.; cladodes solitary or 3-nate }-1in., p} im.
brad, A lycopodineus, Wall. mss. A. Curillus, Wall. Cat. 5155 E. (not of Roxb.)
m Grifith. Burma, Wallich, Parish.—In Chinese specimens the pedicels are
nearly 1 in.

Ch MICROCLADA ; cladodes very small 3. in. subulate tapering to the acicular
ponts.—Assam, Masters ; Munnipore, Watt; Shan hills, Collett.

2. A. gracilis, Royle IU. i. 393; tall, much branched, lower leaves
subspinescent, cladodes 9-6-nate or lower 8-nate acicular or setaceous
strict, pedicels axillary or subterminal 2-4-nate, perianth segments
Preading. Baker in Journ, Linn. Soc. xiv. 607.

Ce PUNJAB; at Rotas, Vicary; Rawul Pindi, Aitchison, —DıstRIB. Belu-
istan,

A slender undershrub, branches divaricate, lower rigid striate deflexed. Cladodes
Tm in.,terete, erect, ascending, cuspidate. Pedicels in subcapitate clusters Je in.,

jointed below the middle, Perianth 4} in. Stamens half its length; anther very
minute,

3. A. capitatus, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 607 ; slender, much
branched, Subscandent; branches smooth, leaves subspinescent, cladodes
wiet or 2-3-nate acicular or setaceous firm, flowers terminating short

Tanchlets, pedicels very short, perianth segments spreading.
Foot a the WESTERN HIMALAYA, alt. 1-3000 ft. ; Black Mt., Duthie. NILGHIRI
3 Wight.

A tall undershrub, branches slender, terete, smooth, lower divaricate or deflexed,
“oper internodes very short. Cladodes 4-3 in., cuspidate. Pedicels «3 in., jointed
4 "0r below the middle, Perianth ys in. long. Anthers very minute, oblong.—
«p atlety? from Lahore (Thomson) has softer capillary cladodes 3-3 in. long.

ossibly a form of A. gracilis" (Baker).

ic A. dumosus, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 609; stem woody

did Strongly grooved, branches stout rigid, young leaves spinescent,

atillar 5-3 in. 3-8-nate linear stout mucronate channelled, flowers
lary and terminal 1-4-nate, perianth-segments oblanceolate.

Boss ; at Kurrachee, Stocks, Dalzell.

An excessive] teh: le, fl us, divaricate
y branched undershrub, 2 ft. high ; branches pale, exuous, 1
® reflexed, ridges scaberulous ; upper internodes 4 in. Leaves deltoidly cuspidate.
ni de in., jointed below the middle. Perianth funnel-shaped. Anthers very
ute, subglobose. Berry A in diam.

yA: Rottleri B j ; iv. 611; tall, branches
s Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. ; tall, 1
gene furrowed, leaves not spinescent, cladodes 3~-6-nate WEN iu.
a ascending curved channelled, pedicels densely umbelled.
ns us, Herb, Rottler.

CAN PENINSULA; Rottler.
Quid» shrubby branches, terete, branchlets decurved ; upper internodes H M
Sin dian "ble iu length. Pedicels 3 in., jointed below the middle. antl
Of this yoo SPreading ; anthers much shorter than the filaments.—The spec

“Ty distinct species are fragmentary.

tt Leaves strongly spinescent.

eet A Subulatus, Seudel in Hohen, Pl. Nilgiri veier, No. 1308;

, &Ubseandent, branches grooved smooth, spines long straight,
Madodes 6-12-nate i-i in. acicular triquetrous acuminate, pedicels solitary

316 OLVI, LILIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Asparagus.

or 2-nate very short, perianth segments reflexed. Baker in Journ. Linn.
Soc. xiv. 614. A. asiaticus, Wight, Ic. t. 2053 (not of Linn.) A Curillus,
Wall. Cat. 5155, B.

Nenn HILLS, Wight, Schmidt.

A small erect or tall aud variable bush, densely branched; branches flexuous ;
upper internodes very short. Spines 4-} in. Cladodes ascending, spreading and
curved, rather stout, variable in breadth. Pedicels jointed above the middle.
Perianth segments oblong-lanceolate ; anthers oblong. Berries $ in. diam.

7. A. Jacquemontii, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 615; stem
terete smooth, branches angled ribbed and grooved, leaves spinescent,
cladodes 2-5-nate 4 in. slender 3-gonous curved acuminate, flowers solitary
or in axillary pairs on a short peduncle, pedicels very short jointed under
the minute perianth.

The Concan ; between Poona and Carli, Jacquemont. . eil

Tall, much branched, branches spreading and decurved ; spines 1-13 in. conica
Cladodes much longer than the internodes, Flowers j in. diam., pedicels many
times shorter than the cladodes,

8. A. asiaticus, Linn. Sp. Pl. 409; stem scandent terete smooth,
branches grooved, cladodes 6—o0-nate 4-1 in. very slender acicular terete
acuminate, flowers axillary solitary or umbelled, pedicels almost equalling
the cladodes, jointed in the middle. `

DECCAN PENINSULA; Herb. Rottler ; Bellary Beddome.—DisTRIB. Afr, trop.

Stem slender, branches deflexed, Flowers } in. diam.

** Flowers racemed.

+ Cladodes subulate, terete or triquetrous, somewhat flattened in A.
Curillus.

9. A. nepalensis, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 622; subscandent,
stem robust smooth, branches angled not grooved, spines stout recurved,
cladodes 3-6-nate 4 in. acicular spreading or ascending triquetrous acute,
racemes short 1—3-nate sometimes branched below, perianth campanulate.
A. Curillus, Wall. Cat. 5155, C.

NEPAL, Wallich.

An excessively branched undershrub. Spines 3-} in., conical. Cladodes
nearly straight. Racemes } in.; bracts minute, lanceolate ; pedicels jointed abo":

the middle. Perianth à in. diam.; anthers very minute, oblong, purple. ruit
l in. diam,

10. A. racemosus, Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 159; stem scandent woody
terete, branches triquetrous striate, lower spines long, cladodes 2-6-nate
1-1 in. slender finely acuminate falcate divaricate, racemes solitary 0"
fascicled simple or branched, pedicels very slender, bracts minute, perian 1
segments spreading. Baker in Journ, Linn. Soc. xiv. 623; Roxb. Fi. Ind.
ii. 151; Wall. Cat. 5153; Wight Ic. t. 2056; Thwaites Enum. 337. A.
volubilis, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5754 (excl. D, K). A. acerosus, Wall. Oat;
9152 A, B, F (not of Roch), A. sarmentosus, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 5154, |
(not of Linn.) A. fasciculatus, Br. Prodr. (in part). A. dubius, Decne 1^
Nov. Ann. Mus. iii. 363. Asparagopsis Hohenackeri, abyssinica 8?
Brownei (in part), Kunth Enum. v. 100, 101. A. Decaisnei and floribunda,
Kunth l. c. 98,103; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 560, 562.

: e
Throughout TROPICAL and SUBTROPICAL INDIA and CExLON ascending th

Agaragus.] OLVI. LinicEx, (J. D. Hooker.) 317
men to 4000 ft, from Kashmir eastwards,—DrstTRIB. Tropical Africa, Java and
18,

A tall climbing excessively branched undershrub ; roots tuberous. Spines t-tin.,
straight or subrecurved. Cladodes 1 in., channelled beneath. Racemes 1-2 in. ;

cels A in., jointed in the middle. Perianth 15-5 in. diam. ; anthers minute,
oblong, purplish. Ovules 6-8 in each cell Berry 4-4 in. diam.—Thwaites observes

ine leaves are wide on specimens growing on the hills. Baker has the following
varieties ;—

Var. javanica, Baker 1. c. 624; cladodes 4-1 in., very slender erect flexuous,
racemes narrow with terminal tufts of cladodes, perianth segments narrower. As-
paragopsis javanica, Miquel Fl, Ind. Bat. iii. 562. A. sarmentosa, Dalz. $^ Gibs.
Bomb. Fl, 246 (not of Kunth).—Deccan Peninsula, Java.

Var, subacerosa, Baker 1. c. ; cladodes strict 4—4 in. stout, racemes small few-fid.,

T " and pedicels capillary.—Sikkim, alt. 1-4000 ft., J. D. H.—A form approaching
« Werosus,

ll. A. zeylanicus, Hook. f; stem stout smooth obscurely angled,
branches acutely angled, cladodes 3-5-nate 4 in. stout falcate triquetrous
ee to both ends tips subspinescent, racemes 3-5 in. very stout, bracts
ah te, flowers large, anthers large. A. acerosus, var. zeylanicus,

aker in Journ, Linn. Soc. xiv. 623.

Drog, alt. 6000 ft., Walker; at Newera Elia, Gardner, Thwaites (Cp. 2299).
© Stout triquetrous cladodes thickened in the middle, stout racemes, large
owers $ in, diam., and large anthers seem to distinguish this from A. racemosus.

TR A. levissimus, Steud. in Hohen. Pl. exsice. Nilgh. Nos. 1304,

sing, Stem Subscandent terete smooth, branches very slender triquetrous,

pees short strong, cladodes 3-6-nate } in. spreading stont triquetrous
n nate, racemes dens e-fld., pedicels very short, bracts large cymbiform,

Perianth-segmentg widely spreading, anthers minute. Baker in Journ.
"^ Soc. xiv. 623. A, volubilis, Wall. Cat. 5154 K.

WzsTERN Guats, from the Concan southwards.

wars from 4 racemosu i it is little more than a variety,
iefly ; . s, of which Baker says it is little more
meaty in the longer cladodes, and large bracts, which sometimes exceed the

IS. A, acerosus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 150 ; stem tall subscandent smooth,
danchlets very slender stiff ascending angled, spines short recurved,
sh deg ?-nate 1-23 in. suberect strict triquetrous acuminate, racemes
vida solitary or 2-nate, bracts lanceolate concave, perianth-segments
C T spreading. Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 624; Wall. Cat. 52
and pre tt fasciculatus, Br. Prodr. 281 (in part). Asparagopsis acero
townei (in part), Kunth Enum. v. 102, 103.

i BAT, Rosburgh, Clarke, Ze, CHITTAGONG (cult.), J. D. H. § T. T. PEGU,

siland. Burma, Wallich, &e.—DistTx1B. N. Australia. vd

8 eg excessively branched under-shrub; roots tuberous, branchlets „greom .

pedicel iti, slightly curved. Cladodes shining, persistent. Racemes Pot D
eg in., jointed in the middle. Flowers pure white, fragran de
"tt, subglobose. Ovules many in each cell. Berry 3-1 in. diam., l-seecec.

14, A adsc T . tall stout suberect
. endens, Roch, Fl. Ind. ii. 153; stem ta
€ smooth white, branchlets grooved ascending angled, angles rete ped
get Spines long, cladodes 6-20-nate 1-8 in. slender filiform rere e ents
Or curved, racemes many-fid., bracts minute, perian -segm

318 CLVI. LILIACER. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Asparagus.

spreading, anthers medium-sized. A. volubilis, Wall. Cat. 5154 D
(in part). Asparagopsis adscendens, Kunth Enum. v. 102.

RoRILKUND, the WESTERN HIMALAYA, and the PANJAB, from Murree eastwards
to Kumaon ; ascending to 5300 ft.—DisTRIB. Affghanistan. .

Stem excessively branched, flexuous, and primary branches ashy white ; internodes
very short. Spines 4-3 in., stout, straight. Cladodes densely crowded, soft.
Racemes copious, 1-2 in., often branched at the top and bearing cladodes ; pedicels
15-1 in., jointed above or below the middle; flowers 1 in. diam. Ovules many m

each cell. Berry 1-1 in. diam., 1-seeded.

15. A. Curillus, Ham. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 152; stem tall smooth
subscandent and branches angled, spines long straight, cladodes very
small 3-6-nate 3-} in. spreading or ascending linear flattened or subir
quetrous acute, racemes corymbiform, bracts minute, perianth-segments
spreading. Baker im Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 627 ; Wall. Cat. 5195 D. A
volubilis, Wall. Cat. 5154 D (in part) Asparagopsis Curilla, Kunth
Enum. v. 102.

SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA, alt. 2-4000 ft., from Kumaon to Nepal, Hamilton,
&c.

An excessively branched undershrub; branches spreading, angles obscurely
scaberulous. Spines 4-1 in., pungent curved, ^ Cladodes obtusely 3-gonous,
Racemes 4-1} in., few-fld. ; pedicels } in., jointed below the middle; bracts lanceo-
late; flowers 4 in. diam, Berry 3-lobed (Aozb.).

tt Cladodes linear, flattened,

16. A. falcatus, Linn. Sp. Pl. 313; stem subscandent and branches
terete smooth, spines short,cladodes solitary and 3-6-nate 4-6 in. long linear-
ensiform falcate flat acuminate costate, racemes very short laxly few-fl M
bracts cymbiform, perianth-segments reflexed. Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc.
xiv. 626; Kunth Enum. v. 71; Bresl. Diss. Asparag. No. 2; Burm. Fi. Zeyl.
36, t. 13, f. 2 (bad); Thwaites Enum. 337. A. ethiopicus, var. ternifolia,
Baker in Saunders Refug. Bot. t. 261, and in Gard. Chron. 1872, 1587, with
woodcut. P A. sarmentosus, Thwaites Enum. 337 (not of Linn.). l

CEYLON ; common in the warmer parts.—DISTRIB. Trop. and S. Africa. —..

Stem tall; branchlets very slender, lexuous. Spines i-ilin. Cladodes ig.
broad, narrowed at the spinescent tip. Racemes 4-3 in.; pedicels 4—4 in., Jo!”
below the middle. Flowers i in. diam., white, sweet scented. Anthers minu
subglobose. Berry iin. diam., 1-seeded.

17. A. gonoclados, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 627; stem sub-
scandent terete smooth, branches green curved angled 3-quetrous, spines
short, cladodes 2-6-nate 3-1 in. ensiform flat falcate subcostate, racemes
elongate lax-fld., bracts short cymbiform, perianth-segments spre® ing.
A. Curillus, Wall. Cat. 5155 A.

(C an PENINSULA; from the Concan southwards. Crxrox, Thwaites
p. 737).

An excessively branched undershrub ; branchlets curved, green, strongly 2?
Spines 4- in. Cladodes $ in. diam., narrowed to the acuminate tip, ET
Racemes 1-3 in., often fascicled, sometimes connate ; pedicels Aude in., Jom
below the middle; flowers 4'; in. diam. ; anthers small.

te,

gled.
een.

IMPERFECTLY KNOWN SPECIES.
A. RUBRICAULIS, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 616 ; subscandent,
flexuous smooth purplish, spines conical, cladodes densely fascicled setaceoU

branches
$ terete

Asparagus. ] OLVI. LILIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 319

much longer than the internodes, pedicels solitary, anthers oblong. Asparagopsis
rubricaulis, Kunth Enum. v. 87.—Ind. Or., Heyne.

A. SARMENTOSUS, Linn. Sp. Pl. 314. Ceylon.—Trimen in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxiv.
138, doubtfully refers this to A. gonocladus.

4 POLYGONATUM, Tourn.

Rootstock creeping. Stem leafy above. Leaves alternate opposite or
"il Flowers in axillary 1- or more-fld. curved peduncles, drooping,
white green or purplish; pedicels jointed at the top; perianth tubular,
mouth 6-cleft, outer lobes subvalvate. Anthers subsessile on or above the
middle of the tube, included, dorsifixed. Ovary 3-gonous, style straight,
stigmas 3; cells 2. or more-ovuled. Berry globose or ellipsoid, few- or
en “seeded. Seeds subglobose, testa thin.—Species about 24, N. temp.
ns,

The species are difficult of limitation, the leaves varying opposite alternate and
uf horled in the same species, the flowers in number, size and colour, and the
or? officinale was by error given by Baker (Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 554)

aan,

* Leaves usually all alternate.

x P multiflorum, Allioni Fl. Pedem. i. 191; stem terete, leaves
mibbifarions or secund oblong sessile, peduncles 1—5-fd., perianth con-
SN in the middle, filaments puberulous, berry globose. Baker in
éi Linn, Boc. xiv. 555; Desf. in Ann. Mus. ix. 50; Redoute Lil. t. 229.
-Govanianum, Royle Ill. 380. Convallaria multiflora, Linn. Sp. Pi. 315.

Mb. Ie. Fl. Germ. t. 961, 962. C. Govaniana, Wall. Cat. 5137.
ai WESTERN TEMPERATE HIMALAYA ; from Kashmir to Kumaon, alt. 6-9000 ft.

ISTRIB. Europe, N. Asia, Japan.
beneath 2-3 ft., arched. Leaves many, 3-6 in., narrowed at the base, glaucous
mun Subacute, Peduncles 4-2 in, rarely 1-fld. Perianth i-i in, white hing
Berry 12555. Derves within hairy. Stamens inserted above the middle of the tube.

ty in. diam., blue-black. ‘Seeds few.

Bes Previstylum, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 556; stem
Md nei’ shortly petioled oblong acute subcoriaceous, peduncles
a » Perianth cylindric, berry ellipsoid, style very short.
XIM Brust e, alt, 7-8000 ft., J. D. H., Clarke.
ieg 12-18 in, green spotted with purple. Leaves many, 2-4 in., strongly
lin. Régie beneath, Cross nervules obscure, Peduncles and pedices shor ,
ant seed eranth $ in., yellow, lobes green. Berry broadly ellipsoid, 3 iu. long,
ed. Seeds A in., ellipsoid or ovoid.

mit nervulosum, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 557 ; stem flexu-
long dona r8 in. elliptic caudate-acuminate, nerves strong, Dol
IK ender, berries globose 2.4. seeded.
Stem A d Buoran HIMALAYA, alt. 9-10,000 ft., Grigith, J. D. H.
nl fd. fL, slender. Caudate tip of leaves nearly 1 in. long.
"Seeds globose, 3 in, diam.

eaves most or all opposite.

Ap owded
ben Sraminifolium, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 833; dwarf, leaves cr
"en ous linear obtuse, peduncles 2-fld., perianth cylindric, anthers
567, Dear the mouth ofthe corolla. Baker in Jowrn. Linn. . Xiv.

Peduncles

320 CLVI. LILIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Polygonatum.

WESTERN HIMALAYA; Barung, alt. 11,000 ft., Munro. ` ` .
Rootstock fleshy, constricted at the internodes. Stem 6 in. Leaves 13-2 in.,
l-nerved. Flowers violet; peduncle and pedicels about half as long as the leaves.

Perianth 4 in. long; lobes oblong, about equalling the tube.—TI have seen no
specimen.

5. P. Hookeri, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 558; dwarf, leaves
opposite or the lower alternate sessile linear obtuse glaucous beneath,

flowers solitary, perianth-tube cylindric, stamens inserted about the middle
of the corolla.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, alt. 10-12,000 ft., Garwhal, Duthie; Sikkim, at Lachen,
J. D. H.

Stem 1-2 in. Leaves crowded, 1-31 in., nerves slender. Flowers suberect,
violet; pedicels 1-1 in. Perianth 4-1 in. long, lobes variable in length, paver
shorter than the tube. Style short.—Probably a state of P. verticillatum ; excep

from the insertion of the anthers I should be disposed to include it under F.
graminifolium,

6. P. geminiflorum, Decne in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 170, t. 170; sen
tall puberulous above terete, leaves many opposite or ternately whore
membranous oblong or linear-oblong subacute glaucous and nerves ciliolate
beneath, peduncles 2-fld., perianth-tube cylindric. Baker in Jowrn. Linn.
Soc. xiv. 558. Kunth Enum. v. 852. ? P. ciliatum, Royle Ill. 389. P. ver-
ticillatum, var. gracile, Baker, l.c. xviii. 103.

WESTERN HIMALAYA, alt. 7-11,000 ft., from Kashmir to Kumaon.—DISTRIP.
Affghanistan, te

Stem 12-18 in., flexuous. Leaves 2—4 in., rarely solitary, acute, base pci
nerves beneath puberulous. Pedwneles and pedicels }—} in., bracteoles minu ^
caducous. Perianth } in., 2 in. long, white, lobes much shorter than the tube, yi le
Anthers inserted above the middle of the tube, filaments very short glabrous. y
as long as the ovary,—Probably a form of P. verticillatum.

7. P. Griffithii, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 558; stem et
glabrous terete, leaves opposite sessile membranous linear-lanceolate a¢

or acuminate 3-nerved, peduncles 2-fid., perianth-tube constricted above
the ovary.

Eastern Hrwaraya; Mishmi hills, on Laim-planj-thaga, alt. 6000 ft, Griff

Stem 3 ft., slender, Leaves distant, 3-5 in., green above, subglaucous keng A
Peduncles and pedicels $-$ in. Perianth white, $ in., lobes very short, ° ked;
green. Stamens inserted at the mouth of the tube, filaments very short, naxe?
anthers minute. Style filiform, 2-3 times as long as the ovary.

- Il
8. P. Cathcartii, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 559; stem te
glabrous terete, leaves all opposite subpetioled ovate-oblong or Jan"

acuminate 3-7-nerved, peduncle 2-4-fld., perianth short broad slightly
contracted in the middle.

SikkrM HIMALAYA; woods at Lachen, alt. 8-10,000 ft., J. D. H., Clarke
Naca HiILLs, alt. 9000 ft., Clarke. bove,

Stem 2-3 ft., spotted with purple. Leaves 2-4 in., spreading, green a n or
glaucous beneath. Peduncles 1-8 in. Pedicels 4-14 in. Perianth $ in» NT hers
yellowish; tube constricted in the middle, lobes short, deltoid, green. An in.
inserted about the middle of the tube, Style as long as the ovary. Berry +

diam. Seeds few or many, globose.—I have described the perianth from 3 drawiDg
in the Cathcart collection.

9. P. oppositifolium, Royle Ill, i. 380; stem tall furrowed

Polygonatum.] Get, LILIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 321

glabrous, leaves opposite or a few alternate shortly petioled coriaceous
oblong acuminate, shining above, flowers many, peduncles usually many-
fid., perianth-tube cylindric. Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 559 ; Kunth
Enum. v. 141. Convallaria oppositifolia, Wall. in Asiat. Research. xiii.
980 with a figure; Cat. 5134; Don Prodr. 47; Lodd. Bot. Cat. t. 640;
Hook, Beat, Fl. t. 195; Bot. Mag. t. 3529.

TEMPERATE CENTRAL and WESTERN HIMALAYA, from Nepal eastwards.
Ksasıa Bras, alt. 4-6000 ft. MuNNIPORE, alt. 3500 ft. Clarke. Patkoye hills,
in UPPER Assam, Grifith. . .

; Stem 2-4 ft. 3 rhizome of green tubers. Leaves many, spreading, 3-6 in.,
bright green above, 7—9-nerved, pale beneath with reddish ribs. Peduncle many-fid.
and pedicels 4-3 in. Perianth 1-5 in., all white, or tube with deltoid lobes greenish.

amens inserted above the middle of the tube; filaments papillose ; tips of anthers
exserted. Style twice as long as the ovary. Berry i in. diam., broadly ovoid or

Psoid, scarlet. Seeds many, globose.

Var. decipiens, Baker 1. c.; leaves shortly petioled lower alternate lanceolate
very acuminate 3-4 in. broadest above the middle. Wall. Cat, 5134 B. Sikkim,

at, 7-11,000 ft. J. D. H. Khasia hills, alt. 4-5000 ft.—Approaches P. Cath-
cartii.

lu. P. punctatum, Zoyle Ill. 380; stem angled and grooved
glabrous, leaves petioled or subsessile opposite rarely alternate coriaceous
oblong-lanceolate obtuse or obtusely acuminate, rather shining above
“herved, peduncles 2-many-fld., perianth urceolate mouth contracted.
Kunth Enum, v. 142; Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 559; Bot. Mag. t
Convallaria punctata, Wall. Cat. 5133. Convallaria sp. Grif. Notul.

; Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 974.

" TruPERATE HIMALAYA, alt. 5-8000 ft. from Nepal, Wallich, to Bhotan, Griffith.
unnipore, alt, 7000 ft., Watt. ; l
l-2 ft, Leaves many, 2-3 in., broadest in the middle, base cuneate, pa e
F mg with many slender nerves, Peduncle and pedicels 1-3 in. : Perianth 1 the
nid ers white, spotted with lilac, lobes deltoid, green. Stamens inserted above ‘he
iddle of the tube, filaments very short, glabrous. Style as long as the ovary.
Tob; as in P, oppositifolium, from which this in its typical state differs in its more
ust habit more coriaceous obtuse leaves and smaller flowers.

a Leaves usually whorled.

ll. P. verticillatum, Allioni Fl. Pedem. i. 131; stem tall angled
we grooved glabrous, leaves 4-8-nately whorled sessile linear or linear-
euictolate acuminate membranous, peduncles 2-3-fld. whorled, periant
vistricted at the middle. Kunth Enum. v. 142; Baker in Journ. Linn.
Dig nv. 560 ; Desf. in Ann. Mus. ix. 49; Redouté Lil. t. 244 ; Maximov.
Ko Xi. 852, P, leptophyllnm, Royle Ill. 380. P. Jacquemontianum,

wath Enum, l.c. 143. P. roseum Bot. Mag. t. 5049 (and Kunth ?) Conval-
toph yêrticillata, Linn, Sp. Pl. 315; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 966. C. lep-
paylla, Don Prodr. 47. ,

Ter aT Hx tashmi Sikkim, alt. 812,000

i v ALAYA, from Kashmir, alt. 611,000 ft to Sikkim,
e (S. of Kumaon), alt. 13,500 ft., Strachey & Winterbottom.—D1sTRIB.
bn - Asia, Affghanistan. Mila fazer
Lemos 24 ft, Very slender, or stout, sometimes as thick as the middie ger.
dila by i-1 in., green above, glaucous beneath, often siliolate on | >
Lage d nerves, Peduncles and pedicels 4} in. Perianth very variab ` in size,

322 CLVI. LILIACEE, (J.D. Hooker.) [Polygonatum.

1-1 in. greenish or lilac; tube slender. Stamens inserted above the SE
the tube, anthers subsessile. Style as long as the ovary. Berry 4 in. raven
6-10-seeded. Seeds globose.—There is a tendency in the leaves of some specim
to become circinate at the tip, thus passing into the following.

12. P. cirrifolium, Royle Ill. 880; stem flexuous often climbing
by the tips of the leaves terete puberulous or glabrous, leaves WU l
whorled sessile membranous with slender circinate tips, peduncles x
whorled, perianth subcylindric. Kunth Enum. v. 145. M aam. Diagn a
854. DP sibiricum, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 501 in part. Conva Tos
cirrifolia, Wall. in Asiat. Research. xiii. 382 with a figure; Cat. 5136 ;
Prodr. 47.

TEMPERATE HiMALAYA, from Simla eastward to Bhotan, alt. 5-11,000 ft.
MuNNIpORE, alt. 4000 ft.—DisTRIB. Northern Asia. into the

Stem 2-4 ft., very weak; flexuous. Leaves 3-5 in., gradually narrowed in lish.
slender revolute tips, glaucous and costate beneath. Flowers white green or Pon, e
Stamens inserted above the middle of the tube, filaments ciliolate. ` Style as re a
the ovary. Berry i-i in. diam., excessively variable in size and in the Baker has
seeds; in some specimens from Simla, the seeds are in, diam. Ti
included this under P. sibiricum, probably rightly, but Maximovicz does not.

13. P. Kingianum, Collett & Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ai
1381, t. 21; very robust, leaves 5-nately whorled or 2-3-nate D A
coriaceous linear-lanceolate with a tbick circinate apex, peau
1-3-fld., perianth subcylindric.

BURMA ; in the Shan hills, alt. 4000 ft., Collett.

A much stouter plant than P. cirrifolium, with thick leaves, .
fourths of an inch long; perianth lobes very short; anthers large inser
the middle of the tube, filaments very short.—Only one specimen seen.

rs three-
and flower bore

UNDESCRIBED SPECIES.
P. sorgen, Royle Ill. 380, from Raldung.

+. STREPTOPUS, Michaux.

Rootstock creeping. Stem leafy. Leaves alternate, sessile oF ample
icaul. Flowers axillary. Perianth campanulate or open, seg f the
deciduous. Stamens hypogynous or 3 inner adnate to the bases fixed
segments ; filaments broad at the base, tip acute ; anthers erect, bas Y "i
between the lobes, connective sometimes produced. Ovary sessile ; A
arms 3 stigmatose within; cells many-ovuled. Berry subglobose. Art
many, oblong, curved, striate; testa thin adnate; embryo cylin
Species 4, N. temp. regions.

S. simplex, Don Prodr, 48, and in Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. 530; —
amplexicaul ovate-cordate glaucous beneath, flowers solitary OT 79,
Baker in Journ. Linn, Soc. xiv. 591. S. candidus, Wall.
Hekorima candida, Kunth Enum. iv. 204.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, from Kumaon eastwards to Sikkim, alt. 8-12, b Sech

Rootstock small. Stem 2-3 ft., flexuous, forked. Leaves 2-4 in., "Y 9-3 in.
many-nerved. Flowers in most of the axils, 1 in. diam., white; weg
filiform ; segments erecto-patent, oblong. Stamens much shorter than the pe
authers oblong, twice as long as the deltoid filameuts. Style short.
diam., 5-6-seeded.

CLVI. LILIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 323

6. SMILACINA, Desf.

Rootstock short, or creeping. Stem simple, leafy above. Leaves alter-
nate, subsessile, rarely petioled, ovate-lanceolate. Flowers in terminal
racemes or panicles, small, shortly pedicelled. Perianth spreading ; seg-
ments subequal, usually deciduous. Stamens hypogynous or adnate to
the bases of the segments, filaments long or short; anthers minute,
globose, dorsifixed. Ovary subglobose, 3-celled ; style long or short, stigma
entire or 3-fid; cells 2-ovuled, Berry globose. Seeds 1 or few, globose ;
testa thin, adnate ; embryo about half the length of the seed.—Species about

» ^urope, temp. Asia and America.

* Flowers racemose.

l. S. olig ophylla, Hook. f.; stem and leaves beneath and rachis of
raceme puberulous, leaves 3 in., pedicels solitary, perianth-segments pale

tice oblong-lanceolate, Tovaria oligophylla, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc.
V. .

Deem Hianaya; woods at Lachen, alt. 10-13,000 ft. J. D. H.
otslock stout, creeping. Stem }-1 ft., flexuous above, slender. Leaves 3-5 in.,
d ong, acute, or acuminate, membranous, pale and costate beneath, with many
ender nerves. Raceme 10-20-fld., 2-3 in., shortly peduncled ; pedicels {7% in.;
cts deltoid. Perianth sin. long, Style very short.

' 2s. pallida, Royle Ili. i. 380; stem stout, leaves beneath and rachis
ot raceme densely pubescent leaves, 4-6 in., pedicels solitary or 2-nate,
Perianth segments white oblong. S. purpurea, Wall. Cat. 4201 ; Plant. As.
Was" 99 t. 144. S. albiflora, Wall. Pl. As. Rar, ii. 38. Tovaria
pallida, and purpurea, Baker in Journ. Linn. Koc. xiv. 566. Jocaste
gie and albiflora, Kunth Enum. v. 150. |
EMPERATE HIMALAYA, alt. 8- ., from Garwhal eastwards to Sikkim.
Siem 2-3 ft., very stout, naked below "ée above. Leaves 8-12, oblong;
fet. » acute, pale beneath, with 7-9 principal nerves. Raceme 3-6 in., rachis W -
Filan pedicels 1-3 in.; bracts deltoid. Perianth i in. long, purple or white.
ments deltoid. Style very short.

L .
Flowers in thyrsiform panicles.

slik fusca, Wal r. iii. 37, t. 257; nearly glabrous,

Petioled ovate-cordate eeng panicle deltoid, perianth brown-

* segments oblanceolate obtuse. S. divaricata, Wall. Cat. 4202. S.

in J nensis, Grif. Notul. 178 ; Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 279. Tovaria fusca, Baker
ourn, Linn, Soe, xiv. 568. ’ Medora divaricata, Kunth Enum. v. 156.

Bhota ERATE HIMALAYA, alt. 6-8000 ft. from Nepal, Wallich, to Sikkim and
, hasta Hitis, alt, 5-6000 ft. D
h: 2 ft., slender, Leaves 3-6 in., membranous, glabrous or sparsely p ose
flernogs” petiole 1-11 in., nerves 5-7. Panicle 3-6 in. ; peduncle short, l ranche
Filamenty oe 84. ; pedicels 3-1 in. solitary, bracts minute. Perianth i in. diam.
deltoid, Style very short. Berry 1-} in., 1-3-seeded.
sel ; leaves beneath
ad p: "Pracea, Hook, f. & Thoms. Herb. Ind. Or. ; stem lea
hnic], cle pubescent, khna subsessile oblong-lanceolate qur
Mag i long or deltoid, perianth white, segments oblong o! tuse. .
"a Tovaria oleracea, Baker in Journ. Linn Soc. xiv. 569.
Y 2

324 CLVI. LILIACEX,. (J. D. Hooker.) [Smilacina.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA ; in woods alt. 911,000 ít., J. D. H., &c. `

Rootstock short. Stem 2-5 ft., stout, flexuous. Leaves 3-8 in., pale beneath
and 6-9-nerved. Panicle 3-12 in., oblong or deltoid, many-fld., branches wg
pedicels 1-1 in. Perianth 1-} in. diam., segments serrulate. Filaments pei .
Style very short, 3-cuspidate. Berry } in. diam.—A favourite pot-herb with the
Lepchas of Sikkim.

7. THEROPOGON, Maxim.

Rootstock branched with thick root fibres. Leaves radical, linear, bases
enclosed in sheaths, costate. Scape axillary from the lower leave
naked. Flowers ina terminal raceme, small, rose-cold., nodding. Peru `
globosely campanulate; segments subequal, broadly ovate, broadly ded;
bricate. Stamens inserted at the base of the segments, ingini
filaments short, broadly obovoid, fleshy, incurved ; anthers pq
between the lobes, ovoid, acute, cells spreading over the top of the A
ment, erect. Ovary sessile; style filiform, acute, stigma minute; oe
6-10-ovuled. Berry subglobose. Seeds few or several, subglobose, te
thin adnate; embryo straight or curved.

1. T. pallidus, Marim. in Bull. Acad. Petersb. xv. 89; Baken t
Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 562; Bot. Mag. t. 6154. Ophiopogon: pa® 0.
Wall. Cat. 5138; Kunth Enum. v. 200. O. brevifolius, Royle mss.*
mollis, Royle Ill. 382 (name).

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, from Kumaon, alt. 6000 ft. to Sikkim, alt. 6-10,000 ft
Kuasta HILLs, alt. 5—6000 ft. minate,
Habit of an Ophiopogon, Leaves 6-10 in., erect and recurved, grassy, We the
persistent, costa stout, green above, glaucous beneath. Scape shorter Mer thé
leaves, acutely angled. Raceme 2-3 in. ; pedicels 4-4 in., solitary, jointed We
perianth ; bracts green, subulate, Flowers X in. diam., drooping, white,
with pink. Berries X in. diam.—Maximovicz describes the foliage as annua

8. TUPISTRA, Ker.
ceolate,

inserted in the middle of the tube, included; filament very b
flexed; anthers dorsifixed, incurved. Ovary small, sessile, su
3—4 celled; style very short, stigma peltate or capitate, entire OT ta thin
cells 2-ovuled. Berry globose, usually l-seeded. Seeds large, E rmese
adnate ; albumen fleshy.—Species 7 or 8, tropical Himalayan and Ba

* Bracts shorter than the flowers.

D en-

l. T. nutans, Wall. in Bot. Reg. t. 1223; Cat. 5793; spine Doo,
dulous densely many-fld., lowers dull brown and purple, pena Mat,
broadly ovate, mouth closed by the large hemispheric stigm? " c, yir.
t. 30504; Kunth Enum. v. 318. T. squalida, Baker in Journ. Log,
580 (in part). 000 ft»

SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 1-5000 ft., J. D. H. Kuasia HILLS, alt. 2-4
Wallich, &c. parrowly

Rootstock as thick as the little finger. Leaves 2-8 ft. by 2-23 deor shorter
oblanceolate, acuminate, coriaceous, shining ; petiole as long as the bla id scari
Pedunele 14-4 in. stout, decurved; spike 3-6 in.; bracts deltoid,
Flowers }-% in. diam., tube hemispheric longer than the lobes. Berry 4

Tupistra. | CLVI. LiLIAcEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 325

2, T. macrostigma, Baker in Bot. Mag. t. 6280; spike pendulous
or decurved few- and lax-fid., flowers vinous purple, perianth lobes broadly
ovate, mouth closed by the large hemispheric stigma. Macrostigma tupis-
troides, Kunth Enum. v. 319 ; Schnitzl. in Regel Gartenft. 1857, 130, t. 192.
—Tupistra, Griff, Notul. iii. 157 ; Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 165.

Kasia Hints, 3-4000 ft. ; Griffith, &c.

Except by the characters given above I cannot separate this from nutans, and

a the dried state they are undistinguishable.—Griffiths’ is a much exaggerated
rawing,

3. T. Clarkei, Hook. f.; spike decurved or pendulous dense-fld.,
Perianth lobes oblong, mouth not closed by the stigma, style long.

Sikkim HIMALAYA, alt, 2-5000 ft., J. D. H., Clarke, Treutler.
Apparently a much larger plant than the above, with leaves 4-5 by 2-34 in., and
larger flowers of a pale greenish yellow or purplish colour,

A T. Stoliezkana, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1875, ii. 199 ;
‘pike elongate erect, perianth-lobes linear-lanceolate, style very short
Stout, stigma large scabrid.

Bray: Moulmein, Stoliczka. :
Lentes 24-3 ft. by 4-5 in.; petiole 1-14 ft. Spike 1 ft., robust; peduncle 4 in.
ers 3-3 in. diam.

9* Bracts longer than the flowers.

» T. aurantiaca, Wall. Cat. 5194; leaves sessile narrowly oblan-

ceolate, spike subsessile. Campylandra aurantiaca, Baker in Journ. Linn.
Kv. xiv, 582, t. 20, .

L SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA ; from Nepal, Wallich, &c., eastward to Mishmi, alt.
yon : Kwasta and NAGA Hut, alt. 4-8000 ft., Griffith, &c.
?olstock as thick as the little finger, roots very long and stout. .Leares 12-18
li; t in, flaccidly coriaceous. Peduncle very short and stout. Spike erect,
H in. long, oblong, dense-fld. ; bracts 1 in., lanceolate, spreading. Flowers j in.
sti M., yellow ; perianth-tube hemispheric, lobes short nearly orbicular; style short,
‘gma large, 3 14. Berry % in. diam., globose.

6 T. Wattii, Hook. f.; leaves petioled elliptic-lanceolate or -ovate

acuminate, spikes subsessile. Campylandra Wattii, Baker in Journ. Linn.
: XXV. 78, t. 32.

Buoran HIMALAYA, Griffith. MUNNIPORE, alt. 6-7000 ft., Watt, Clarke.
b 115 stout, fleshy, 6-10 in., from a long fleshy prostrate rhizome. Leaves 4-12
a Je m. Peduncle very short, stout. Spike 1-8 in., dense-fld. ; bracts linear-
“late ; flowers yellow. Berry 1} in. diam., 1-seeded.

n Sin ; tioled elliptic-

: &apureana, Wall. Cat. 5195; leaves pe p
lanceolate acuminate membranous, spike sessile elongate stout w^
o ip anch longer than the globose fruit. Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc.

SINGAPORE Walli
llich. .

ile Short, erect, as thick as the finger. Leaves 10-16 by 2-2} in., erect;
Be © 3-6 in, stout, ribbed. Spike 3 i ; bracts 4 in., lanceolate, membranous,

globose, 3 in, diam.—Wallich’s solitary specimen is in fruit only. Ei

> e

DOM Beng. As. Soc. 1875, ii. 199), who had not seen the plant, thinks » may
or Apostasia, but I see no reason to doubt its being à Tupistra.

326 CLVI. LILIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Tupistra.

9. ASPIDISTRA, Ker.

Characters of T'upistra, but scape very short, 1-fld.; flowers tetramerous,
embraced by concave sheathing bracteoles inserted at the base of the
perianth.—Species 8 or 4, Himalayan, Japanese and Chinese.

A. longifolia, Hook. f.; leaves 2-3 ft. by 1-2 in. narrowly liner
oblanceolate, bracts 2-3 hemispheric strongly nerved. A. lurida, Baker
in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 579, not of Ker.

UPPER Assam; in the Mishmi hills, Griffith. . oid

Rootstock stout, creeping. Leaves tufted, rather thin, contracted into a eh
deeply grooved petiole that is produced into a trigonous keel extending half "T z
the leaf more or less, nerves close set slender. Peduncle }-} in., stout, with a b "
shaped bract at the top. Flower (bud ?) very shortly pedicelled ; bracts erte
rounded at Che apen ; perianth 3 in. diam., fleshy, snbglobose contracted at the e at
lobes very small. Anthers sessile, recurved. Stigma very large.—A very differe
plant from the A. lurida, Ker of China.

10. GONIOSCYPHA, Baker.

Leaves radical, petioled, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, costate E»
strongly nerved. Scape radical, bracts elongate-subulate much excee i
the flowers; spike erect, cylindric, crowned with a tuft of flowerless mg
sistent bracts. Perianth-tube cylindric; lobes 6, short, broadly Min
spreading. Stamens 6, inserted in the throat of the perianth, filani .
very short; anthers erect, linear-oblong. Ovary subglobose, 3-celleds
style columnar; stigma small, 3-lobed ; cells 2-ovuled.

G. eucomoides, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 581, t. 19; NE.
Br. in Gard. Chron. 1886, ii. 744.

BROTAN HIMALAYA; in the Duphla hills, alt. 4500 ft., Booth, Lister. ue 4 in.
Rootstock long, fleshy. Leaves 1-2 ft. by 6-8 in., narrowed into à De
long, subpinnately 10-12-nerved. Scape 8-9 in., stout, strict, terete, W! istent;

scarious sheaths; spikes 3 in., dense-fid., cylindric; bracts setaceous, Des

: in. loni
flowers at length deflexed, nearly } in. long, dark green. Berry ovoid, 1-3 !- longs

fleshy, 1-seeded.

10* HEMEROCALLIS, Linn.

. Rootstock very short, with fleshy root-fibres. Leaves elongate, narrow
linear, costate and many-nerved. ‘Scape elongate, terete, naked, bea ellow.
few-fld. panicle; bracts deciduous. Flowers large, suberect, orange- ube,
Perianth funnel-shaped, 6-partite, segments connate at the base 17 " tbe
then recurved, outer smaller. Stamens 6, inserted at the mout, of the
tube, exserted, filaments filiform, declinate, inserted in a dorsal pit linaté;
linear-oblong versatile anther. Ovary 3-celled ; style filiform, dee ceouss
stigma capitate; cells many-ovuled. Capsule triquetrous, corie-
loculicidal. Seeds angled; testa thin, black, shining ; embryo CJ hn
Species 5, Europe, temp. Asia and Japan.

ch

H. fulva, Linn. Sp. Pl. Ed. ii. 462; inner perianth-segments a

larger and broader than the outer, margins undulate with reticulate p L

Kunth Enum, iv. 588; Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xi. 999; "Te, Fl

Orient. v. 312; Bot. Mag. t. 64; Redouté Lil. t. 16; Seid, Gard.
Germ. t. 1113; Wall. Cat. 8975. H. disticha, Don in Sweet Brit. ^^

Gonioscypha.] CLVI. LILIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 327

The HIMALAYA and KnasiA HILLS; possibly indigenous; cultivated throughout
Inpia.—Disters. S. Europe, the Caucasus and N. Asia to Japan.

leaves 12-24 by 1-14 in., erecto-patent, acute, subglaucous beneath. Scape
2-3 ft, panicle 6-12-fld.; pedicels short; bracts small, membranous. Flowers
nodorous, 1-2 in. diam.; tube yellow-red; outer segments orange yellow, oblong,
acute, inner very much broader. 12-18 by Hi VEN

Var. angustifolia, Baker l. c. ; much smaller, leaves 12- y à-3 in., peri -
segments eraot more acute. Boiss. l. c. H. longituba, Miquel Ann. Mus.
Lugd. Bat. iii. 152.

1l. DRACZENA, Linn.

Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate or crowded and subterminal,
sessile or petioled, costate or not and many-nerved. Flowers in terminal
Tacemes panicles or heads; bracts small. Perianth tubular, campanula e
or funnel-shaped, 6-cleft, lobes narrow. Stamens 6, inserted at the base o
the tube, filaments filiform or flattened; anthers versatile. Ovary -
celled ; style filiform, stigma capitate; ovules 1, erect in each cell. ` SEN
globose didymous or 3-lobed. Seeds globose or angled, testa thic ist ,
Ligen horny; embryo small.— Species about 35, in warm regions of the

d World,

i ee a e s ttempt
This genus wants a thorough revision on living plants. The following a )
to delimit the Indian species ‘has been a work of much labour and the result is
Provisional only.

* Leaves linear or ensiform, sessile.

ii 8-20
La angustifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 155; stem erect, leaves
M El in, costate waved, panicle very large decurved spreading, fomes
m., pedicels 3-1 in., fruit i-i in. diam. fleshy. Wal » at. 51;
Kunth Enum. v. 4; Regel Revis. Drac. 36; Baker in Trim. Journ. ot.
1873, 26 ; în Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 526; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 5 , D:
ensifolia, Wall, Cat. 5143; Kunth Enum. 5; Kurz l. c. Terminalis
(Seid, Rumph. Amb. iv. t. 35. Sanseviera fruticosa, Blume Enum.
LI.

: "ar, Wallich, &c. Enäsna and Naca HILLS, common, BURMA, ANDA
AN Iert ANps rz.— . Malaya, Australia. ` . -

Stem 8-10 SI ad we stout Cane, simple or forked. Leaves sessite by a
broad sheathing base spreading and recurved. Flowers white or tipped M m .
"Wt orange-cold. Kurz distinguishes his ensifolia by the ee ‘ran E
nger than the leaves bracts acute almost wholly scarious, filaments Iess

icels 3 in; and angustifolia by the erect stiff panicle shorter than the leaves,
bracts with a Scarious border, filaments white.

1—1 in.

2D. £raminifolia, Wall. Cat. 5149; leaves 8-12 M smooth ;
obscurely Costate, raceme erect simple or branched at the base D E
„Overs $ in, long. D. Finlaysoni, Baker in Trim. Journ. Bot. 1875, ,
ourn, Linn, Soc. xiv. 525. Borneo ?
TRAITS of Maracca, Dinding Island, Finlayson.— DISTRIB. d th Bornean
allich's specimens are very insufficient, and I hesitate to regar , e Á
Plant, from which Baker’s description is in part taken, as specifically the same.

`. D. eranul k. f.: arboreous, leaves 6-10 by } in. sessile,
fn viele erect pyramidal wl and branches finely granulate when dry,
ut 1-12 in. diam. shortly pedicelled fleshy.
onAY PENINSULA ; Perak, King’s Collector.
ft. by 18-20 in. diam.

328 CLVI. LILIACEX, (J. D. Hooker.) [Dracena.

A D. brachyphylla, Kurz. For. Flor. ii. 544; a low shrub, leaves
3-1 ft. costate, panicle erect stiff quite smooth shorter than the leaves,
flowers 3 in., filaments white. D. atropurpurea, var. Kurzü, Baker 1n
Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 533.

ANDAMAN ISLANDS, frequent, Kurz. . thick
I have seen only very imperfect specimens. Kurz describes the stem as
as a goose-quill or twice as thick.

5. D. brachystachys, Hook. f. ; leaves 3 ft. by 2 in. ensiform coria-
ceous costa beneath very stout, branches of panicle scaberulous spreading,
flowers shortly pedicelled ternately fascicled.

PENANG; Monisti road, Curtis, 2302. lar

Stem 10-12 ft., 2-3 in. diam. Leaves fascicled. Panicle apparently very E
with rather distant horizontal strict branches, bracts very small. Flowers m Ta yl
remote fascicles 2 in. long white, pedicel Ae in.—Described from one leaf an
portion of a panicle.

** Leaves elliptic-lanceolate or -oblanceolate (very narrowly in D.
Porteri).

t Flowers in spiciform racemes that are simple or branched at the
base only.

6. D. Porteri, Baker in Trimen Journ. Bot. 1873, 262; in dd
Linn. Soc. xiv. 529; shrubby, leaves 8-10 by 1-1} in. sessile narrowly 1
ceolate or oblanceolate costate towards the base, raceme shortly pa
erect, flowers 3 in. long, pedicels very short, fruit pisiform. D. macula™
Wall, Cat. 5748 (not of Rozb.).

PENANG, Porter, King's Collector; SiNcAPOonE, Wallich. MALACOA, Grifit
(Kew Distrib. 5874), Maingay (K. d. 1687).—DISTRIB. Siam. ith nar-

Shrub 4-6 ft. (King’s Coll.).—Apparently very near D. spicata, but wi v be
rower leaves. Wallich’s 5148 A has spotted leaves; his B from Singapore may
different, it is more slender with a more contracted leaf-base.

7. D. spicata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 157; arboreous, leaves 6-18
3-2 in. very broadly petioled elliptic or broadly oblanceolate "s
acuminate, raceme long or short simple or branched at the base,
fascicled very shortly pedicelled, fruit pisiform } in. diam., or 3-lo
2 in. fleshy. Kunth Enum. v. 10; Wall. Cat, 5146; Regel Rens.
44; D. Wallichii, Kunth in Act. Acad. Berol. 1842, 26.

SILHET, Wallich, CHITTAGONG, Rowburgh, SOUTH ANDAMAN ISLANDS, e ege

lam unable to unravel the synonymy and habitats of this species an@ `" Ais,
flora, which however, according to Roxburgh and Kurz are very different p .
Baker (Journ, Bot. 1873, 263, and Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 532) unites thes o the
spicata), together with D. aurantiaca, Wall., and gives its distribution a8 P frica
eastern Himalaya to the Nilghiris, Malacca, and the Congo River in Wester? e as
Of these the Himalayan (for which Griffith, Wallich, and I are cited), is an € ecies.
none of us collected it there. On the other hand it is probably a Malayan KN
Roxburgh describes the flower as numerous „and sessile in fascicles, Pale gr
cleft about half way down, and the ripe berries as deep reddish orange. we
the flowers are in twos or threes, an inch long, greenish yellow and the berries
crimson.

Drac.

r
8. D. terniflora, Rorb. Fl. Ind. ii. 159; a low decumbent der?
shrub, leaves 6-12 in. by 1-2 in. elliptic or oblanceolate finely acu™ Regel
petiole 1-6 in., flowers 2-3-nate pedicelled, fruit pisiform or 3-lobed. e
Revis. Drac. 16 ; D. ternifolia (error for terniflora), Kurz For. Fl. n.

Dracena. | CLVI. LILIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 329

SILHET, CACHAR, the Es HILLS, IMuxNIPORE, CHITTAGONG, and the
DECCAN PENINSULA, Roxburgh, and ? MALAY PENINSULA.

According to Roxburgh and Kurz, this is distinguished from D. spicata by size
and habit, and the petioled leaves, and according to Kurz, by the perianth 6-cleft
tothe middle, that of D. spicata being 6-cleft half-way down. Roxburgh describes
the fruit as of the size and appearance of a fine red cherry ; but Kurz as orange red.
In both species the perianth becomes twisted in age, and in both the thinly coriaceous
leaves may be blotched with white.

Var. Heyneana ; spike or panicle much shorter than the leaves. D. Heyneana,
Wall. Cat. 5754. D. terminalis, Wight Ic. t. 2054.— Western Ghats, from the
Concan southwards, Heyne, &c.

Var. ? Thwaitesii ; spike or panicle very short, flowers smaller } in. long. D.
Thwaitesii, Regel Revis. Drac. 44; Baker Ul. cc. D. elliptica, Thunb. & Dalm,
Diss. 3 (the Ceylon plant); Thwaites Enum. 338.— Ceylon, ascending to 4000 ft.

Var. ? Curtisii ; stem short, leaves 4-6 in. elliptic sessile squarrosely spreading
and recurved elliptic-lanceolate caudate-acuminate, raceme much longer than the

ves slender long-peduncled, flowers 1 in. long very slender.—Penang, at Polo
long, Curtis.

9. D. pachyphylla, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 546; shrubby 1-2 ft., leaves
4-6 by 13-21 in. coriaceous subulate-acuminate costate, lower long-petioled,
Taceme subsessile very short or elongate, flowers very shortly pedicelled,

mes pisiform or 3-lobed.

ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Kurz. PERAK, King’s Collector. MALACCA, on Mt. Ophir,
Hulett. Disrrrp. Borneo.

sembles a dwarf D, spicata. “Stem sometimes as thick as the little finger;
often blotched; flowers £ in. long, white, 6-cleft almost to the base; lobes
mg not recurved except the tips; tube not twisted ; berries red," Kurz.

eaves
Conniy

tt Flowers in spreading panicles.
§ Panicle large, rachis and branches very stout.

b 10. D. aurantiaca, Wall. Cat. 5744; stem very stout, leaves 12-18
Y 2-4 in. oblanceolate acuminate narrowed into a very broad almost flat
Petiole, costa broad obscure, panicle 12-18 in., peduncle very short stout,
tin cels 1-1 in., flowers densely clustered $in. D. spicata, var. aurantiaca
x, PATU. Baker in Trim. Journ. Bot. 1873, 263, and in Journ. Linn. Soc.
200. PD. marmorata, Baker in Bot. Mag. t. 7078.
StNcAPORE, Wallich, Cantley. Mawacca, Maingay (K. d. 1688). u
Pparently arboreous. I doubtfully reter Baker's D. marmorata to Wallich’s
mone Wallich’s name may imply that either the flowers or fruit of his plant
with ange yellow. The flowers of D. marmorata are white, and the leaves mottled
White. I have seen fruit of neither.

ll. D. Maingayi, Hook. f.; stem tall stout, leaves 8-12 by 1-2 in.
rir elliptic-lanceolate Geer costate below the middle,
Li cle erect peduncled very stout, pedicels i in., flowers 1 in., berries
Jour in. diam, fleshy. D. spicata, var. aurantiaca, in part, Baker in Trim.

* Bot. 1873, 263, and Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 263.

19g) tee at Pulo Bissom, G@rigith (Kew Distrib. 5873), Maingay (K. d.
ERAK, on low hills, King’s Collector. ENN lect
Priit ft.; stem 14-2 ft. diam. ; fruit waxy yellow," King's Collector.
from 7, Clet,” Grigith. The very narrow long-petioled leaves distinguish this
D, ong C "rantiaca, and the large stout pyramidal panicle and large berries from

330 CLVI. LILIAOEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [Draeena.

$$ Panicle large or small, rachis and branches slender.

12. D. elliptica, Thunb. Diss. Bot. Dracen. 6; stem slender decum-
bent or ascending, leaves 4-8 by 14-2} in. scattered or crowded acuminate
or caudate narrowed into a short rather slender petiole costate at the base,
flowers solitary or 2-4-nate in decurved lax-fld. panicles, pedicels 1-3 m.
slender, perianth 6-lobed to the middle, lobes erect, berries pisiform i m.
diam., or 2-3-lobed. Kunth Enum. v.14; Bakerin Trim. Journ. Bot. 1879,
263; in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 532; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 544. D. Wallichit,
Kunth l.c.11. D. terniflora, Wall. Cat. 5147 A.; Kunth l. c. 11. D.
maculata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 157. D. elliptica, var. maculata, Hook. Bot.
Mag. t. 4787 (excl. some syns.). D. atro-purpurea, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 160;
Kunth Enum. v.12; Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 533. D. elliptic,
var. atropurpurea. Kurz l. c. 544. D. javanica, Kunth Enum. v. 14; Rege
Revis. Dracen. 45. D. maculata, Planch. l. c. t. 569. Cordyline terni-
flora, Planch. in Fl. des Serres, vi. 136.

Sinner, the Kuasia Hints, Wallich, &c , BURMA, the ANDAMAN and NICOBAR
ISLANDS, Kurz.— DISTRIB. Java. . t-

Stems low, 1-2 ft., as thick as a goose-quill, simple or branched, ascending, d
ing at the base. Leaves thickly coriaceous, green or blotched with white or hes
or all purple. Panicle often lying flat on the uppermost leaves, subsessile, wees to
slender curved; bracteoles ovate, scarious. Flower 2 in. long, slender, 6-cle he
the middle, white purple or greenish; filament white. Berries orange red.— tic
short rather slender petioles of this and the following species are very characteris ep
of upper leaves at any rate; but I collected in the Khasia the lower WI
leaves of what I supposed was the same species 12-14 by 2-3 in., oblanceolate, lis
rowed into a long broad petiole.— There may be more than one species UD er
name. Roxburgh's drawing of atropurpurea represents the panicle as erect.

13. D. gracilis, Wall. Cat. 5150; slender, much branched, rie
scattered 3-7 by 3-14 in.. elliptic-lanceolate acuminate narrowed into
very short narrow petiole, panicle short very slender few and sparse 5
decurved, flowers $ in. subsolitary pedicels slender, bracts scarious, berri
pisiform. D. atropurpurea, var. gracilis, Baker in Trim. Journ. Bot.
£64; in Journ. Linn, Soc. xiv. 534.

PENANG, Porter; alt. 2500 ft., Curtis. PERAK, alt. 35C0—-4500 ft., Wer
King's Collector. Matacca, Mount Ophir, ZHullett.—DisrRiB. Siam, Sumatri
Borneo. .

Perhaps, as Baker supposed, a small state of D. elliptica, the petiolation
leaves being of the same character ; if so, it is a mountain form of that plant.

m 1B}
, 14. D. Helferiana, Wall. ex Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xli M
ii. 248; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 545; a small decumbent shrub, leaves 1 cetiole
1}-2in. oblanceolate acuminate narrowed into a longer or shorter P

of the

| 3
costate, panicle large loosely branched lax-fld., brcteoles minute, doe
lin. white or greenish, pedicels slender, perianth 6-cleft nearly tot Revis.

segments erect, berries pisiform or 3-lobed, D. Griffithii, Rege
Dracæn.47. D. terniflora, Wall. Cat. 5147 B, in part. D. atro-purt' Soe,
var. Griffithii, Baker in Trim. Journ. Bot. (1873) 264; in Journ. Jann.
xiv. 533. e
Burma; Moulmein and Attran, Wallich ; Pegu, Scott ; Mergui, Griffith (
Distrib. 5869, 5877). during in
Habit of D. elliptica, but according to Kurz only 1-2 ft. high, and di eft

the broad petioles, much larger panicle, minute bracteoles and the perianth-
nearly to the base.

rpureà,

Draeena.] CLVI. LILIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 831

l5. D. petiolata, Hook. fj; leaves 10-14 by 4 in. elliptic caudate-
acuminate ecostate suddenly narrowed into a slender petiole 3-4} in.,
panicle long-peduncled narrow, branches slender erect, bracteoles longer
than the short pedicels, flowers } in., lobes as long as the tube, fruit
pisiform, pericarp very thin wrinkled when dry. D. spicata, var. auran-
eg in part, Baker in Trim. Journ. Bot. 1879, 263; in Journ. Linn. Soc.

UPPER ASSAM; near Kujoo, and at the Brama Khoond, Griffith.
Apparently a very distinct species from the broad very long-petioled leaves and
long-peduncled panicles,

DOUBTFUL AND IMPERFECTLY KNOWN SPECIES.

D. Jacktana, Wall. Cat. 5145 A, B. (D. spicata, var. aurantiaca, Baker in
Trim. Journ. Bot. 1873, 263; in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 532.) A very robust plant,
from Penang, like a large D. spicata, the tall raceme having short basal branches.

find no specimen of his 5145 C (Penang, Porter) in Wallich's Herbarium.
th D. LINEARIFOLIA, Kurz For. ii, 542, in Clavis of species, but not taken up in

e following descriptions. It has the habit of P. angustifolia, but has narrower
“aves and the lobes of the fruit as large as a cherry or small plum. A Javanese
species in Herb, Kew responds to this description.
ie: CANTLEYI, Baker in Journ. Bot. 1881, 326. Singapore, Cantley. There is
"ve In the description of this plant, of which a specimen flowered at Kew, to dis-
Unguish it from D. marmorata (aurantiaca). Unfortunately flowers were not
eee for the Herbarium. The live plant at Kew has now a stem 4 in. long,
bros nceolate leaves 15 by 4} in. suddenly narrowed into a petiole 1-14 in.

12. CORDYLINE, Commers.

a; Characters of Dracena, but ovarian cells 4-16-ovuled, testa black
Ming, and embryo nearly as long as the albumen.— Species about 10,
alayan, Australasian, Pacific, and one Brazilian.

b 5 c. terminalis, Kunth Enum. v. 25; shrubby, erect, leaves 12-36
ei -5 1n. oblong-lanceolate broadly petioled, flowers white or purplish
nSpicate or racemed on the branches of a large erect simply branched
Vide perianth } in. cleft to the swollen base, segments recurved.
urz For, Fl, ii, 546; Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 939.
M, HOTICAL INDIA, from BENGAL and Assam eastward and southward to
Ay A—DıstRIB. Eastwards to the Pacific Islds, — — 8
Lea erect, glabrous shrub, 8-10 ft., stems as thick as the finger or wrist.
se di distichous, green or purplish, acuminate at both ends; petiole complicate,
Tact ‘lated and amplexicaul. Panicle 1-2 ft. high ; lower bracts linear-lanceolate ;
whi “ores small, 3-nate; flowers } in. long, subsessile, or very shortly pedicelled,
va DUrplisb. Berry | in. diam., usually 1-seeded.—Kaurz (for Fl. 1. c.) makes
on ce in Burma ; terminalis proper with larger subsessile flowers, which is
onger peted; and ferrea, with smaller flowers, pedicels shorter or slightly
Varieties jan the bracteoles. Baker (in Journ. Linn. Soc. 1. c.) has the following

af N ferrea; leaves narrower more obianceolate dull purple or variegated
Linn 8. road, petioles shorter, flowers usually smaller tinged with red. D. ferrea,
l.c 4158 275; Roxb, Fl. Ind. ii. 156; Bot. Mag. t. 2093. D. terminalis, Jacq.
han o; Roxb. l. c.; Redouté Lil, t. 91; Lodd. Bot. Cat. t.1224. Cordyline
‘cquininii, Kunth Lan

e » Sieberi ` leaves oblanceolate 12-18 by 2-3 in., racemes
fup coger, flowers larger. Cordyline Sieberi, Kunth Enum. v. 23.

riffith, Maingay.

l in. broad,
— Malacca,

332 CLVI. LILIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.)

13. ASPHODELUS, Linn.

Annual, or perennial, root-fibres slender or fleshy. Leaves radical,
linear, triquetrous, or terete and fistular. Flowers racemed, solitary m
the bracts. Perianth white, marcescent, 6-partite, segments conniving ln
a tube below. Stamens 6, hypogynous ; filaments dilated at the base and
embracing the ovary, inserted in a pit of the dorsifixed versatile anther.
Ovary 3-celled ; style filiform, stigma sub-3-lobed ; ovules 2 collateral in
each cell. Capsule usually 1-seeded, loculicidal. Seeds 3-quetrous, testa
black appressed ; embryo nearly as long as the cartilaginous albumen.—
Species 6 or 7, S. Europe and eastward to India.

1. A. tenuifolius, Cavan. in Anal. Cienc. Nat. ii. 46, t. 27; and
Icon. t. 587, f. 2; annual, leaves slender semi-terete fistular and scape
smooth or papillosely scaberulous, pedicels jointed below the middle,
perianth-segments white with a brownish costa, filaments fusiform to-
wards the tip. Kunth Enum. iv. 558. A. æstivus, Reichb. Ic. Crit. i
451. A. microcarpus, Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 513. A. clavatus, Bac),
Fl. Ind. à. 148; Wall. Cat. 5058; Kunth l.c. 559. A. parviflorus,
Wight Ic. t. 2062 (bad. pauciflorus, in teat vi. p. 297.) A. fistulosus,
var. tenuifolius, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 272. A. tenuifolius, var.
micranthus, Boiss. Fl. Or. e 314.

Plains of INDIA, in fields, from Bengal westwards to Guzerat and the Punjab.
—Distrin. Westward to the Canary Islds.

Leaves 6-12 in., erect, about Je in. diam., acuminate. Scape 14-3 ft., terete,
often excessively scopariously branched. Racemes lax-fid.; pedicels 4-4 led.
Perianth-segments 4 in. long. Capsule globose, } in. diam., valves deeply wrinkled,
Seeds trigonous, with 3-4 dorsal ridges and as many lateral pits.— Probably in
Baker considers it, a form of the European A. fistulosus, but always much BEL
especially the flowers, and with the pedicel jointed below the middle. Wig fi
figure is very incorrect as regards the filaments, he is unable to give any wr
for the specimen figured, which he supposes is from the sandy soils of the Has
Coast of the Deccan.

2. A. comosus, Baker in Gard. Chron. 1887, i. 799; leaves ensiform
18 by 13 in., peduncle very stout, racemes panicled dense-fld.

LAHUL, in the Rolang Pass, Jaeschke. ft. ;

Habit of A. albus and ramosus, Leaves rather thick. — Peduncle 2 de
panicle 1 ft., pedicels 1-4 in., ascending, jointed below the middle; bracts 4 ite
much longer, scarious. Flowers 1-1} in. diam.; segments linear-oblong, w
with a green keel. Stamens } in. longer than the perianth ; style as long.

14. EREMURUS, Picberst.

Stately herbs, with the characters of Asphodelus, from which Ae
genus differs only in the usually more numerous ovules.—Species 8
20, oriental and Northern Asian.

1. E. bimalaicus, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 289; glabro)
bracts subulate-lanceolate equalling the pedicels, lowers white, filamen
as long as the perianth, capsule rugose, seeds not winged.

TEMPERATE WESTERN HIMALAYA, in the drier regions, from the Sutlej west-
wards, alt. 7-10,000 ft.—DISTRIB. Eastern Turkestan.

Eremurus.] CLVI. LILIACE®. (J. D. Hooker.) 333

Leaves 1-3 ft. by 4-3 in. Scape and raceme very stout, 2-3 ft. ; pedicels $ in.,
ts subulate filiform. Flowers 1 in. diam. ; segments oblong, l-nerved, about
equalling the filament. Capsule } in. diam. Seeds triquetrous.

2. B. persicus, Boiss. Diagn. vii. 119 ; Fl. Orient. v. 326 ; puberulous,
bracts ovate-lanceolate shorter than the pedicels, flowers white, filaments
shorter than the erianth, capsule smooth small broadly winged. Baker
aay Linn. Boc. xv. 284. Asphodelus persicus, Jaub. & Spach TU.

- Or. t. 102,

NonrH-WzsT INDIA ; Salt range, Mt. Sikesa, alt. 4—5000 ft., Aitchison.—
Disrazs, Affghan., Persia, Syria. .

Leaves 6—12 by i-i in. Scape 10-24 in., simple, stout. Raceme 6-12 in. ;

acts } in., scarious ; pedicels 1 in., fruiting 2} in. horizontal. Flowers 3} in. diam.,
segments white with a brown central band. Capsule 1 in. broad. Seeds black,

Really S-winged.—Very variable in stature and in length and breadth of the
ves,

15. CHLOROPHYTUM, Ker.

Characters of Anthericum, but capsule trigonous, deeply laterally
3-lobed with flattened lobes.—Species about 40, tropical and subtropical.

, The species are most difficult of circumscription owing to the great variability
in the leaves and length and robustness of the scapes, and racemes.

* Flowers in simple or shortly branched dense-fld. racemes.
t Leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate, if fully developed.

1 l. c. Heyneanum, Wall. Cat. 5060; scape stout shorter than the

eves naked, racemes short dense-fld., anthers shorter than the filaments,

cells of the oblong capsule 8-10-seeded. C. Heynei, Baker in Journ, Linn.
* Xv. 322. CG breviscapum, Thw. Enum. 339.

Q The Deccan PENINSULA, Heyne, &c.; Nilghiri hills, alt. 6000 ft. Clarke.

FXLON, common in the central province. . 4i
Root. fibres tuberous. Leaves 12-18 by 1-1} in., oblanceolate ; petiole 2~4 in.
De i-lin.; bracts longer than the small flowers, pedicels 3-} in., jointed near

Be tip. Perianth-segments + in., narrowly lanceolate. Capsule jin long. Seeds
lack, shining,

2. C. brevise J w Journ. Bot. ii. 141; scape
V apum, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. . ;
naked Shorter than the "leaves, raceme dense-fid., anthers as long as the
"ments, cells of the orbicular or obcordate capsule 1-3-seeded. Dalz.
bs. Bomb. FI, 252,
WI D HiwALAYA, at the foot of the hills (fl. only), Clarke. The CoNCAN, at
» Daizel,
00t- fibres tuberous, Leaves 12 by 4-14 in., linear-lanceolate, broadly petioled,
ba Sins often crispulate. Scape stout, 3-6 in., rarely branched; raceme ge in.,
cts shorter than the flowers; pedicels 3-3 in., jointed above pen E e.
Macy rtg ments i-i in., linear-oblong. Capsule iin. broad, seeds subglobose,
ck, "P^que.—Differs from C. attenuatum in the broader leaves and short scape.

3c arundin j imn. Soc. xv. 323; in

^ aceum, Baker in Journ. Linn. Bo 1
s" Ge ron. 1876, 260 ; scape usually tall naked, raceme elongate simple
orbi ortly branched, anthers longer than the filaments, cells of the smal
cular capsule 3—4-seeded. Phalangium alatum, Herb. Ham. in Wall.

334 OLVI. LILIACE®. (J. D. Hooker.) — [Chlorophytum.

Cat. 5056. Anthericum tuberosum, Herb. Heyne. Ornithogalum indicum,
Konig mss.

Eastern HIMALAYA, Sikkim, alt. 1-4000 ft. J. D. H. Bhotan, Griffith.
Assam, Hamilton. BEHAR at Monghir, Wallich, on Parusnath, J. D. H. BURMA,
at Prome, Wallich. te or

Root-fibres cylindric. Leaves 6-18 by 14-2 in., oblanceolate, obtuse acute or
acuminate, usually narrowed into a broad petiole. Scape 6-20 in. stout; race
3-8 in.; bracts $-} in. or lower longer pedicels 4-3 in. jointed in the m og
Perianth-segments 1— in. lanceolate, white. Capsule $ in. broad 2-lobed at the tip
and base. Seeds } in. diam., suborbicular, flat, black.—In small specimens the leaves
are narrower and broadest at the base.

4. C. glaucum, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. ii. 142; géien
glaucons, scape longer than the leaves 2-3-sheathed, racemes long stov
ense-fld., bracts longer than the flowers erect bases cymbiform, filamen
longer than the anthers, cells of the suborbicular capsule 2—4-seeded.
Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 252; Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 324.

The Concan ; on the Ghats, rare, Dalzell, &c. 1

Root-fibres cylindric. Leaves 12-18 by 1-2 in., usually recurved, narrowly
oblanceolate. Scape 1-2 ft., simple, sheaths narrowly lanceolate ; raceme 6-12 th.
unbranched; bracts green; pedicels } in., jointed above the middle. Periant
segments 4-} in., white; filaments papillose ; anthers twisted after flowering. Capsu
1-1 in. broad, top 2-lobed. Szeds 3-1 in. broad, flat, orbicular, opaque.

tt Leaves linear or ensiform not or hardly contracted into a petiole.

5. C. tuberosum, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 332; leaves sessile
usually ensiform falcately recurved, scape short or tall, flowers Kr
anthers as long as the papillose filaments recurved finally revolute, cells o
the oblong rarely orbicular retuse capsule 4—6-seeded. C. anthericoideum,
Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. ii. (1850) 141: Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. E,
251. Phalangium tuberosum, Wight Ic. t. 2036; Kunth Enwm.1v. 598 “
part.) P. ornithogaloides, Schweinf. Biltr. P.alatum, Wall. Cat. 5056.0.
Anthericum tuberosum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 149, et Ic. in Herb. Kew; Cor.

Pl. ii. 20 (not t. 138). A. ornithogaloides, Hochst. in A. Rich. Tent. Fl.
Abyss. ii. 232.

The DECCAN PENINSULA and CENTRAL INDIA, common from the Northern
Circars, and the Concan to Travancore. Burma; at Prome, IWalich.— DISTRIB.
Abyssinia. :

Root-fibres cylindric and tuberous. Leaves 8 in. to 2 ft. by 3-4 in. (to 4 A
Rozb.), margins crisped. Scape 6 in. to 8 ft. with a small sheath; raceme short,
simple or shortly branched ; bracts 1-2 in., white; pedicels 3 in., stout, jointed bel
the middle ; perianth-segments 1-$ in. long, oblong ; stamens much shorter than t t
perianth. Capsule j-i in. long. Seeds irregularly orbicular, opaque.— The larger.
flowered Indian species and clearly the plant described by Roxburgh as having flowers
as large as a snowdrop, but not that figured in the Cor. PL, which is C. a¢tenuatum;
his drawings of both are at Kew, and both named tuberosum.

6. C. khasianum, Hook. f.; scape tall naked simple or branched,
racemes rather dense-fld., bracts shorter than the flowers, anthers elonga"
straight longer than the filaments, cells of large oblong 2-lobed capsule
4-6-seeded. C. nepalensis, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 330 (in part).

Kuasta Hrs, alt. 3-6000 ft. Gri h, &c.

Leaves 10-24 by 4-4 in., linear, flat. yo 2-3 ft., sometimes 4 in. diam., smooth,
branches short ; racemes 6-10 in., pedicels 1-3 in., erect, jointed above the man”

Chlorophytum.] ^ civi. tes, (J. D. Hooker.) 335

Perianth white, segments 4 in. linear-oblong ; anthers not recurved or revolute after
flowering, Capsule 4-1 in. long. Seeds iin. diam., orbicular, flat, black opaque.—
Distinguished from C. undulatum by the short erect branches of the scape, crowded
flowers, and large 4—6-seeded capsule.

. t. C. attenuatum, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 332; leaves

hear, scape erect naked, raceme rarely forked lax or dense-fld., anthers
straight longer than the papillose filaments, cells of the small broadly
obeordate capsule 3—4-seeded. Phalangium attenuatum, Wight Ic. t. 2037.

indicum, Kunth Enum. iv.198. Asphodelopsis arungadenensis, Steud. in
Hohenack. Pl. exsc. Ind. Or. n. 1317. Anthericum tuberosum, Roxb. Fl.
Cor. Pl. t.13 (not p. 20, nor of Fl. Ind.). Ornithogalum indicum, Roem.
Í. Syst. vii. 535.

The Western GHATS ; from Canara southwards to Coimbatore.

Root-fibres cylindric, often tuberous. Leaves 10-18 by 4-1 in., slightly narrowed
at the base, Scape as long, erect, raceme 3-4 in.; bracts ovate, acuminate ;
flowers suberect, pedicels jointed about the middle. Perianth white, segments 1-1
m. Capsule jin. broad.— Very small flowers with segments not i in. long occur
amongst the others. That this is Roemer's Ornith. indicum is proved by a specimen

om Heyne in Herb. Rottler (now at Kew) marked as from Condapilly, which is
the authority for the name (misspelt Cardapilly) and collector given by Heyne.

P specimen and those of Wight precisely accord with Roxburgh's figure of

nth. tuberosum in Cor. PL, but not with his description in that work, or in Fl. Ind.

8. C. malabaricum, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 331; leaves
usually recurved, scape simple short naked, raceme short or long, anthers
straight shorter than the filaments, cells of the very small broadly obcordate
capsule 1-2-seeded P Phalangium tuberosum, Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl.
251 (not of Kunth).

Western Guats, from Canara southwards.

h Root-fibres cylindric, fleshy. Leaves 6-12 by 2-1 in., usually narrowed from the
sieathing base to the apex. Scape 3-4 in., curved, stout, raceme as long or shorter,
pw about as long as the flowers membranous, pedicels jointed above the middle.
hin ie white, segments } in. long. Capsule } in. broad, tip deeply 2-lobed. Seeds
small m flat, opaque.— Dalzell's description of Phalangium tuberosum, as having
Wes White flowers, and resembling his Chlorophytum anthericoideum, probably
Pplies to C, malabaricum.

à "| Raceme simple or branched, with the flowers remotely scattered,
Tat or in pairs.

b ». €. undulatum, Wall. Cat. 5059; scape naked paniculately
ranched, branches long spreading, flowers drooping, bracts shorter than
€ pedicels, anthers twice as long as the filaments, cells of the broad 3-

Soe ous small capsule 2-3.seeded. C. nepalensis, Baker in Journ. Linn.

vi Qm. 920 (in part). Phalangium nepalense, Lindl. in Trans. Hort. Soc.

8j ` Bot, Reg. t. 998; Kunth Enum. iv. 597. Anthericum nepalense,
breng, Syst, Cur. Post. 135.

digne HIMALAYA, from Nepal, Wallich, to Sikkim, alt. 3-7000 ft.
Scape fibres cylindric. Leaves 6-18 by 4—%in., linear, often narrowed to the base.
racte = + branches ascending with long sheathing bracts at the base; floral
in., join vate, acuminate ; flowers solitary or in clusters j-1 in. apart ; pedicels 3-3
Jointed at or below the middle. Perianth white, segments $ in. long; anthers
Ke flowering, Capsule À-j in. broad, top 3-lobed. Seeds j; in. broad,
"Dk Very variable in size, small specimens have simple scapes.

336 CLVI. LILIACEE. (J. D. Hooker) [Chlorophytum.

10. C. orchidastrum, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 813; in Trans. Hort.
Soc. vi. 79; scape tall naked paniculately branched, branches spreading,
bracts small, flowers in distant pairs, cells of the broad small capsole
l-seeded. Kunth Enum. iv. 603; Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 925. C.
Nimmonii, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. ii. 142; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FI.
259. Anthericum Nimmonii, Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 990. Hartwegia
Nimmonii, Dalz. mss. Phalangium oligospermum, Wight Ic. t. 2038.

The Deccan PENINSULA, from the Concan southward to Travancore.— DISTRIB.
Tonkin, Trop. Africa.

Root-fibres tuberous. Leaves 12-24 by 14-4 in., elliptic-lanceolate. Scape
1-3 ft., branches long ascending bracteate at the base ; bracts ovate; flowers
geminate drooping ; pedicels 3-3 in. jointed about the middle. Perianth-segments
i in, white. Capsule } in. diam., broader than long, 2-lobed at the tip. Seeds
solitary, orbicular or oblong, flat, opaque.

11. C. laxum, Pr. Prodr. 277; leaves subdistichous usually strongly
recurved, scape filiform flexuous, flowers minute, anthers didymous many
times shorter than the filaments, cells of broadly obcordate capsule 1
seeded. Kunth Enum. iv. 603. OC. laxiflorum, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soe.
xv. 328; Benth. Fl. Austral. vii. 60. C. falcatum, Baker in Saund. Refug.
Bot. t. 333. C. parviflorum, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. ii. 141; Dalz.
Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 251; Tw. Enum. 339. C. abyssinicum, Kotschy & Peyr.
Pl. Tinn. 46. Phalangium falcatum, Wall. Cat. 5057; Kunth l. c. 600.
P.? parviflorum, Wight Ic. t. 2309. Anthericum parviflorum, Benth. FI
Hongk. 373. Ornithogalum falcatum, Herb. Wight. Nolina? javanica,
Hassk. Hort. Bogor. 27 ; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 554.

The DECCAN PENINSULA ; from the Concan southward, common, and in CEYLON.
—Distris. Borneo, China, Trop. Africa and Austral. . flat
Root-fibres tuberous. Leaves 6-12 by 1-1 in., grass-like or conduplicate or gw
rather rigid. Scape 1-12 in., suberect or arched; flowers j-1l in. apart; We
lanceolate, equalling the pedicels which are jointed in the middle. Perianth white,
segments Ä-Ä in. ; anthers green. Capsule Xin. diam. Seeds angular, de ™- diam.

DOUBTFUL AND IMPERFECTLY KNOWN SPECIES.

12. C. ACAULE, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 327; root fibres smaller,
6-9 by 4-4 in. narrowly linear, flowers 2-5 in a sessile corymb at the bases 0
leaves, fruiting pedicels erect 1—j jointed, capsule 1 in. oblong emarginate, ;
turgid 3-5 seeded, seeds rather tumid ‘black opaque.—India, Jerdon.—The only
specimen is flowerless. It is perhaps a state of C. laxum.

, PHALANGIUM NIVEUM, Poiret Encycl. 248; Kunth Enum. iv. 599. Antheri
niveum, Schult. f. Syst. vii. 480, from India, Sonnerat, with long very dense"
spikes, snow-white bracts as long as the flowers and a scape 12-15 in. ; may
attenuatum.

leaves
the

cells

cum

16. DIANELLA, Lamk.

Roostock usually branched, and stoloniferous. Leaves rigid, distichous,
linear, bases often equitant. Flowers in cymose panicles, nodding i
pedicels jointed at the top. Perianth marcescent ; segment 6, distin
spreading. Stamens 6, hypogynous, or the 3 inner on the bases 9 t
segments, filaments much thickened ; anthers basifixed between the obe
reflexed, opening by terminal pores or short slits. Ovary 3-celled ; sty! d
filiform, stigma minute; cells 4-8-ovuled. Berry blue. “Seeds few, 0V%

Dianeila.] CLVI. LILIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 337

or compressed; testa black, shining; albumen fleshy.—Species 7 or 8;
tropical Asiatic, Mascarene, Australia and Polynesia.

D. ensifolia, Redouté Lil. t. 1; stem leafy, sheaths acutely keeled,
flament greatly thickened at the very top. Kunth Enum. v. 50; Baker
Jm. Linn. Soc. xiv. 576; Benth. Fl. Austral. vii. 16 ; Bot. Mag. t.
M04; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. iii, 560; D. odorata, Blume Enum. i. 13;
Kunth. Le 51: D. nemorosa, Lamk. Encycl. ii. 276; Jacg. Hort. Schoenb.
l 49, t. 94, Wall. Cat. 5169; Miquel Ù c.; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 164. D
javanica, Kunth l. c. 52; Miquel l.c. 561. D. sandvicensis, Hook. & Arn.
Bot. Beech. Voy. 97. Rhuacophila javanica, Blume l.c. 14. Antherium
peranthera, Forst. Prodr. No. 149. Phalangium Adenanthera, Poir.

nCycl. v. 252,

Troricar HIMALAYA, from Nepal eastwards, alt. 2-5000 ft., the KHASIA
ILLS, MUNNIPORE, and BURMA. CEYLON ascending to 4000 ft.—DrsTRIB. East-
vards to Australia and the Pacific, Mascarene Islds.
tem 3-6 ft., rigid. Leaves lower 1-2 ft. by 1-13 in., linear-lanceolate, keel and
SET smooth or scabrid; sheaths long. Panicle 1-2 ft., cuneiform, pedicels
ort, rigid, slender; bracts spathaceous; flowers inodorous. Perianth white
greenish or bluish, segments ZA in.; 3 inner reflexed. Anthers linear, 2-porose.

Sigg purple, or blue, j in. diam., cells 1-3- or- more seeded. Seeds ovoid,

17. ALLIUM, Lina.

He Scapigerous herbs; bulbs coated. Leaves usually narrow, often

Ze owers capitate or umbelled, all at first enclosed in 1-3 mem-

2008 spathes, stellate or campanulate ; sepals 6, free or connate below.

bel JPogynous or inserted on the perianth; filaments free or connate

invi, "hers oblong. Ovary 3-gonous, 3-celled : style filiform, stigma

ie, cells few-ovuled. Capsule small, loculicidal. Seeds few, com-

» testa black.—Species about 250, in all N. temp. regions.

“ Ki following account of the Indian Allia I have been much aided by Regel s

Tom mm Monographia ” and Baker's paper in the Journal of Botany, but I am far

“atisfied as to the limitation of the sections, and the disposal of the species in

ma map Det, I expect that more complete Indian and Central Asiatic collections
in [Ir "y the results given below. The following species are extensively cultiva

i, tte j ii ia, Hi in Don
P LONICUM, Linn.; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 142. A. Sulvia, Tam. in De
Ger A. fragrans 8 nepalensis, Bot. Reg. t. 898. Nothoscordium? Sulvia,

» ped iv. 402; leaves basal and scape stout fistular, head globose very many-
Shallot iels very short, perianth white stellate, inner filaments 2-toothed.—The

d edel Linn. A. Porrum, Linn. Rozb. l. c. ii. 141 ; Wall. Cat
Blobose m leafy, leaves linear flat keeled shorter than the tall terete scape, hea

ers ind. many- and dense-fld., pedicels longer than the campanulate white
Dh er filaments 2-toothed.—The Leek. Ham.
leaves suka? L9. 3 Rood. L c. 142; Wall, Cat. 5072. A. Cumaria, Herb. Hay ^;
ad bulbi 'stichous fistular shorter than the inflated scape, head bearing flowers
"üterted in Pedicels shorter than the stellate flowers, sepals linear-oblong,
Che ena Kloe inner 2-toothed at the base.— The Onion. der, spathes long
»Linn.; Boch l. c. 142; leaves flat, scape slender, st long-
Senta 2, bearing bulbils and flowers, sepals lanceolate acuminate, inner

VoL, vr. hed.—The Garlic. ;

338 CLVI. LILIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Allium.

Sect. I. ScggNoPRAsuM. Bulbs free or clustered, not seated on à rook-
stock. Leaves and scape fistular or filiform. Stamens inserted usua y
much above the base of the perianth; filaments dilated and connate a
the base.

* Leaves fistular.

1. A. Semonovii, Regel Enum. Pl. Semenoff, 126; All. Monogr. 85:
leaves 2-3 stout about equalling the stout scape, sheaths very long, n
subglobose dense-fld., pedicels shorter than the campanulate pale ye ^
flowers, sepals oblong-lanceolate acuminate, filaments included oute
cuspidate inner 2-toothed. Baker in Journ. Bot. 1874, 293.

WESTERN HIMALAYA, alt. 8-14,000 ft., from Kashmir to Garwhal.—DIsTRIB.
Alatau and Thian-chan Mts. 20. Heads

Bulbs tufted, cylindric, scales membranous. Leaves }-} in. diam., acute.
lj in. broad ; spathes persistent. Sepals 4-3 in.

2. A. Scheenoprasum, Linn. Sp. Pl. 301; leaves 1-2 slender, heads
subglobose dense-fld., pedicels equalling or shorter than the campi onis
pink or pale purple flowers, sepals linear or lanceolate. filam 77;
included all simple filiform dilated at the base. Regel All. Monogr. Gi
Baker in Journ. Bot. 1872, 292; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 250; Reich, Ic. £l.
Germ. t. 1085. A. sibiricum, Linn. Mant. 562.

Western HIMALAYA, alt. 8-11,000 ft.; from Kashmir to Kumaon.— DISTRIP.
Westwards to the Atlantic, N. America. . te or

Bulbs clustered, narrow; scales membranous. Leaves 4-10 in., tere at or
grooved above, smooth or scaberulous; sheaths elongate. Scape 6-14 in., ZC ;
slender. Sepals 3-2 in., bearing the stamens near their bases. Capsule
globose, cells 2-seeded.—Chives.

3. A. atrosanguineum, Schrenk in Bull. Acad. Petersb. x. ret
leaves 1-2 stout as long as the scape, head subglobose dense-fld., P^ tuse
about equalling the campanulate dark red flowers, sepals oblong Heng
or subacute, filaments short triangular-subulate connate at the 83
Ledeb. Fl. Ross. iv. 168; Kunth Enum. iv. 684; Regel All. Monogr. °°

WESTERN HIMALAYA; Kashmir at Gilgit, Tanner.— DISTRIB. Turkestan, 4 in.,

Bulb narrow, coats membranous at length fibrous. Leaves fistular, 8-12 by diam. ;
linear, obtuse; sheaths very long. Scape stout, fistular. Head i-l 1. ts sub-
spathes persistent. Perianth }—} in. long; segments united below ; qd Ovary
equal, inserted at 4 distance from their base, about 1 as long as the periant sth more
globose ; style short.—The Gilgit specimens have rather smaller flowers W!
obtuse segments than the Turkestan.

4. A. Fedschenkoanum, Regel All. Monogr. 82; leaves 1
shorter than tall stout scape, head globose dense-fid., pedicels abou ce
ling the campanulate pale yellow flowers, sepals oblong-lan wm
acuminate, filaments very short inner with a dilated 2-toothed base
simple. TRIB.

WESTERN HIMALAYA ; Kashmir, at Barzil, alt. 12,000 ft., Clarke.—D!
Turkestan. e 2-3 ft.

Bulb 0. Leaves 3-5 by + in., fistular, obtuse ; sheath very long. Seay orianth-
by 4-} in. diam. Head 4-1 in. diam.; spathes persistent ; pedicels stout. base, col"
segments 1—j in., united below; filaments united at } distance from the ort * The
nate, not j the length of the perianth. Capsule globose, style very "
dilated bases of the inner stamens are certainly 2-toothed.

Allium.] CLVI. LILIACE£. (J. D. Hooker.) 339
** Leaves filiform.

5. A. rubellum, M. Bieb. Fl. Taur. Cauc. i. 264; leaves l-terete or
flattish, head subglobose, pedicels much longer than the very small cam-
panulate rosy flowers, sepals oblong- or elliptic-oblong acuminate, filaments
Included cohering at the very base all simple linear-lanceolate from a
broad cuneate base inner broadest. Regel All. Monogr. 106; Fl. Tur-
kest. t. 10, f. 9; G. Don Monogr. All. 36; Kunth Enum. iv. 399 ; Boiss. Fl.
Orient. v, 253; Baker in Journ. Bot. 1874, 290. A. rubellum and grandi-
forum, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. iv. 171. A. leptophyllum, Wall. Cat. 5073 A;
Kunth. l. c. 456. A. J acquemontii, Kunth Le 399. A. longisepalum,
Bert. in Nov. Comm. Acad. Bonon. v. 429. A. tenue, G. Don Monogr. All.
94; Koch in Linnea, xxii. 238.

The PANJAB and WESTERN HIMALAYA, alt. 1500-8000 ft.; from Kashmir to

umaon.— Distris. Westwards to the Ural and Caucasus, and in Siberia.

Bulb small, ovoid-oblong, outer coats striate, inner membranous. Leaves 4-6,
onger than the scapes, margins erose; sheaths elongate. Head 3-1 in. diam.,
Spathe entire or 2-4.fid at length circumciss. Sepals }-} in., twice as long as the
stamens, which are subbasal on the sepals. Style short.—I have followed Boissier in
the limitation of this species and its varieties. Regel refers Don’s tenue to A. Pallas,

unge., which is described as having a long style; he retains as a species Boissier's
` rifithianum, which the latter author has reduced to a variety of rubellum.
AR. B. grandiflora, Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 258 ; pedicels longer, flowers larger,
le CH in. long subacute, filaments much shorter and broader. A. Griffithianum,
nice ag". Ser. 2, iv. 117; Regel All. Monogr. 108; Baker l.c. 290. A. vul-
ticum, Boiss. in Plant. Kotsch. Pers. Bot. No. 49.—Kashmir, alt. 5—7000 ft.
estward to Persia. .
A AR. y. parviflora, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. iv. 171; flowers smaller, sepals à in. Jong.
Wen amanthum, C. Koch in Linnea, 22, 239; Regel All. Monogr. 110.—
stern Himalaya, Westward to S. Russia.

6. A. lilacinum, Royle mss.; leaves terete or channelled longer or
shorter than the seape, head hemispheric, pedicels twice as long as te.
nger than the campanulate small pale red flowers, sepals ovate or ovate-
Neeolate acute or obtuse, filaments exserted inner 2-toothed at the very

Regel All. Baker in Journ. Bot. 1874, 293
(uot of Schrad ). Monogr. 89. A. rubens, Ba

WESTERN Him l twards.
"Pi ALAYA, alt. 6—7000 ft. ; from Garwhal westw .
Had ovoid ; coats scarious, red-brown. Leaves 2-3. Scape 8-10 in., fistular.
l-1} in, diam. ; spathes 2, acuminate; pedicels 4-3 in. Sepals ¢ in. long,

With the filame

cree eet IL Razr. Bulbs solitary or clustered upon an erect or
"Pig rootstock. Leaves flat.

A. Scales

nts inserted near their bases ; anthers large.

of bulb membranous, not of reticulated fibres.

*
Stamens longer than the perianth.

7. A bland ar. iii 960; tall, stout, leaves
. um, Wall. Pl. As. Rar, iii. 38, t. 260; ta^,
itt broadly linear obtuse shorter than the tall scape, head, globose voy
thn Ad., pedicels shorter than the campanulate pale pink Pwah , Fam
iv, ig tuse, filaments simple subulate much exerted, iv Jotzsch $
G | Baker in Journ. Bot. 1874, 995. A. obtusifolium,

» Bot. Reise P». Wald. 51, t. 95.
z2

340 CLVI. LILIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Allium.

WESTERN HIMALAYA, alt. 13-17,000 ft. ; in the interior ranges, and in WESTERN
TIBET, from Kumaon to West Nepal. .

Bulb large, oblong, often 5 by 1 in. ; scales coriaceous, entire. Leaves 6-10 ty
3-4 in., ensiform, recurved, tip rounded. Scape 1-2 ft., terete, leafy Co, ow
middle. Head 1-1} in. diam.; spathes ovate, obtuse. Sepals 3 m. long. hon
ments much longer than the sepals, inserted near their bases, rather longer
the style.

8. A. Stracheyi, Baker in Journ. Bot. N. S. iii. (1874) 293; slender
leaves narrowly linear obtuse, scape slender compressed above, alate
globose or hemispheric dense-fld., pedicels shorter than the catapan free
rosy or pale yellow flowers, sepals oblong obtuse, filaments io
much exserted. Regel All. Monogr. 135. A. longistamineum, JO
392 (name only).

WESTERN HIMALAYA ; from Kashmir, alt. 9000 ft., Clarke, to Kumaon, alt.
10-12,000 ft., Strache: Winterbottom, Edgeworth. .

Bulbs small, ech? narrowly ovoid, outer scales fibrous, produced into peni
neck, Leaves 3-4, 12 by Ae in., tips rounded. Head 1 in. diam. ; spa "inse
deltoid ; pedicels 3;—] in., about as long as the sepals. Filaments filifo Kashmir
on the bases of the sepals. Ovary globosely trigonous, cells 2-ovuled.— the
specimens have very pale yellow flowers.

9. A. consanguineum, Kunth Enum. iv. 431; leaves slender nar
rowly linear obtuse flat keeled, head hemispheric, pedicels Sien n4 ple
rather longer than the campanulate golden yellow flowers, filamen Monogr.
filiform much longer than the oblong obtuse sepals. Regel All.

131; Baker in Journ. Bot. 1874, 298.

WESTERN HIMALAYA ; Kashmir, alt. 8-10,000 ft., Jacquemont, Thomson, KA
Habit and characters of A. Stracheyi, but larger, flowers golden ye sort ed on
longer pedicels, and larger longer bulbs with fibrous sheaths. Filaments in
the bases of the sepals. Style slender, far exserted.

e». 8

10. A. platyspathum, Schrenk Enum. Pl. Nov.i 7, i : ; win
radical linear obtuse about equalling the tall scape, head n E obtuse
pedicels about equalling the rosy flowers, sepals oblong-lanceo 153 . Rege
or subacute, filaments simple, bases dilated. Kunth Enum. 1v. 499 5
Monogr. All. 135; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. iv. 184 (excl. var. B).

WESTERN Ter: (Var. B., only), Herb. Calcut. (Regel).—DrstRis. Kant,
Bulb solitary or clustered, on a short perpendicular rootstock, scale specimed
quite entire, outer dark. Leaves flat, sheaths hypogeous.—I have seen no Pohabits
of this variety, which Regel suggests may be a different species.— Ihe tyP
Soongaria and Turkestan. lobose dense-
Van. B. falcata, Regel l. c. ; leaves ligulate glaucous falcate, head glo
fid., flowers rose-lilac.

ut

11. A. Thomsoni, Baker in Journ. Bot. 1874, 294; leaves rather Ré is
linear fleshy obtuse shorter or longer than the scape, head globose, P
equalling or shorter than the red-purple campanulate flower int e
oblong-lanceolate acute, filaments simple filiform much exserted,
minute. Regel All. Monogr. 141.

KasnuMin ; alt. 12,000 ft., Thomson.

Bulbs tufted, narrowly ovoid ; outer scales hard, chestnut-brown,
4-5, 6-9 by i-i in., sheathing the lower third of the stout terete sapa Sepals
1-2 ft. long, tip rounded. Head 1-14} in. diam. ; spathes short, de we? style
} in. long, with the filaments on their bases. Ovary globose, cells 2-

sepals

Allium.] CLVI. LILIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 341

much exserted.—Baker observes that this is closely allied to A. blandum, differing

in the slender habit, narrower leaves, and longer more acute sepals.

_ 12. A. Bakeri, Regel All. Monogr. 141; leaves basal narrowly
linear, scape tall slender, head lax-fld., pedicels much longer than the
campanulate red-purple flowers, sepals orbicular or oblong obtuse, fila-
ments simple linear-subulate inner dilated and 2-toothed at the base,
anthers minute. A. splendens, Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. iii. 154.
A exsertum, Baker in Journ. Bot. 1874, 294 (not of Don). ? Caloscordon
exertum, Herbert in Bot. Reg. xxxiii. under t. 5.

Kuasia HILIS; alt. 4-5500 ft.—Drsrats. China, Japan.
Bulbs clustered, 1 in. long, ovoid-oblong ; scales white, membranous. Leaves
; 0-9 by A in., shorter than the slender terete scape. Head few- or many-fid. ;
pedicels 4-4 in, Sepals 1-3 in. long, with the filaments on their bases. Ovary
subglobose, style far exserted.

** Stamens equalling or shorter than the perianth.

13. A. Wallichii, Kunth Enum. iv. 443 ; tall, leaves long linear or
ensiform flat longer than the stout triquetrous scape, head lax-fld., pedicels
much longer than the stellate purple flowers, sepals linear narrow reflexed
longer than the simple filaments elongate-subulate. Regel All. Monogr.
M2; Baker in Journ. Bot. 1874, 291. A. caeruleum, Wall. Cat. 5076 (not
of Pallas), A. violaceum, Wall. mss.

Tone ERATE Data, alt. 8-13,00C ft. from Kumaon to Sikkim. Gilgit,
her,

Bulbs hardly developed, clustered, base of stem thickened, clothed with mem-
ranous entire and torn sheaths. Leaves basal, 2-3 ft. by 3-4 in., margins erose,
narrowed to an acute point. Scape 1-24 ft. Head 2-3in.diam. ; pedicels 1-1} in. ;
Spathes caducous, as long as the pedicels, Sepals } in., obtuse; filaments inserted
on their bases, Capsule turbinate.

l4. A. Hookeri, Thwaites Enum. 339; slender, leaves basal linear
membranous shorter than the tall subtrigonous scape l-nerved, head
globose laxly many-fld., pedicels much longer than the stellate white
overs, sepals linear acuminate about equalling the filiform filaments. A.
allichii, var, Regel All. Monogr. 143.
N Kuasta HILLS; at Kala Pana, alt. 5000 ft, J. D. H. & T. T. CEYLON;
ewera Elia, alt. 7000 ft., Thwaites.
pe hardly any ; base of stem clothed with long narrow membranous sheaths.
k ves 12-18 by 4-4 in., acute. Scape 1-2 ft. ; heads 13 in. diam. ; spathe vit a
Qu tail ; pedicels i-$ in., capillary. Sepals ł in. ; filaments inserted on their bases.
Psule obcordate ; cells usually 1-seeded.

15. A. sikkimense, Baker in Journ. Bot. 1874, 292; leaves basal
New) linear channelled shorter than the slender Hexuous scape, head
ei pedicels unequal longer or shorter than the campanulate d ac-
"Um flowers, filaments broadly subulate much shorter than the oblong

ne nte or obtuse sepals. Regel All. Monogr. 146. n

"n HIMALAYA ; in the inner ranges, alt. 11-14,000 ft., J. D. H., Elwes.
34 lbs tufted, slender, cylindric ; outer scales of long parallel fibres. pereen 2-3,
spathe Zei in. subacute. Scape 4-12 in. Head 6-15-fld. ; pedicels eid;
broad solitary, broadly ovate. Sepals } to nearly 4 in.; inner filaments v th i
Cope angular base adnate to the bases of the sepals; outer parro e,

le 3-lobed, Ovary subglobose ; style included, cells 2-ovuled.—Baker regar

342 CLVI. LILIACE®. (J. D. Hooker.) [Allium.

this species as intermediate between the smaller vars. of A. angulosum and
Schanopraswm.

B. Outer scales of the bulb of reticulated fibres, obscurely so in
tuberosum.

* Stamens longer than the perianth.

16. A. Jacquemontil, Regel All. Monogr. 162; leaves basal filiform,
subterete shorter or equalling the slender strict scape, head globose vr m d
globose, pedicels shorter or longer than the lilac campanulate lat
sepals oblong-lanceolate obtuse or subacute, filaments exserted Wee ker
inner with a dilated 2-toothed base. A. junceum, Jacquem. mss. ; ji Ca h
in Journ. Bot. 1874, 295 (not of Smith). A. leptophyllum, Wall. Cat.
5073 B.

WESTERN TIBET, alt. 12-14,000 ft., Jacquemont, Thomson; north of Kumaon,
alt. 16,500 ft., Strach Winterbottom. .

Bulbs tufted, ide elongate; fibrous coats very finely reticulate, id
brown. Leares 3-6, 4-6 by 4. in. Scape 3-9 in. Head 1-1} in. diam. ; "e the
2, membranous ; pedicels js} in. Filaments inserted much above the bases T osely
sepals, shortly exserted, inner obscurely toothed at the base. Capsule, Wé pos-
ovoid; style very long —Much eaten in Western Tibet. Baker regards i d much
sibly a variety of the Siberian .4. lineare, which has broader leaves an
broader inner filaments.

17. A. auriculatum, Kunth Enum. iv. 418; leaves narrowly i
flat obtuse stout shorter than the terete striate scapes, head globose ks
dense-fld., pedicels about equalling the very small campanulate por e
flowers, filaments as long as the oblong obtuse sepals, outer Le
subulate inner auricled at the base, stigma penicillate, Baker n
Bot. 1874, 295.

WESTERN HIMALAYA; Kumaon, Jacquemont. ticulate,
Bulb elongate, narrow, seated on an oblique rootstock ; scales brown, re cape
exactly as in A. Jacquemontii. Leaves 6-9 by }-} in., margins SEN iin.
12-18 in., strict. Head $in.diam.; spathes 2-3, short, acuminate; pe "Let the
Sepals } in. long; filaments on the base of the sepals, outer rather shorter
inner. Ovary subglobose.

18. A. victorialis, Linn. Sp. Pl. 295; leaves petioled elliptic: to
oblong-lanceolate obtuse or acute shorter than the terete scap “stellate
drooping in bud then erect lax-fld., pedicels much longer than the E the
greenish white or yellowish flowers, filaments simple longer p» base.
oblong subacute sepals gradually dilated from the middle to the 170;
Kunth Enum. iv. 432; q Don. Monogr, All.96; Regel All. Monogr s

cylindric,

Bulbs 2-3 in. long, clustered on an oblique rootstock, subconic or f the

outer scales fibrous, reticulate. Stem leafy. Leaves from below the middle o

Allium.] CLVI. LILIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 343

with: Ovary broadly obcordate, style exserted. Capsule 4 in. diam. cuneately
obcordate. aa:

Var. angustifolia ; leaves 4—14 in. broad, flowers pale pink.—Interior of Sikkim,
alt. 10-12,000 ft. West Nepal, Duthie.

19. A. Schrenki, Regel All. Monogr. 172; leaves linear flat shorter
than the terete striate scape, head globose, pedicels shorter than the
purplish campanulate perianth, filaments simple shortly exserted.

Himataya Mrs., Hort. Calcutt. (Regel.).—Distx1B. Siberia.

Bulbs subcylindric, inserted on a stout cylindric rootstock ; outer scales densely
fibrous, reticulate, brown. Leaves 3-4 below the middle of the scape, 5—4 in. broad.
Scape 8-16 in., striate and grooved towards the top, strict or flexuous. Head many-
M; spathes scarious, white, shorter than the head; flowering pedicels jj in.,
Shorter than the perianth, at length X in. Filaments unequal, outer linear-subulate,
nner subulate from a lanceolate base. Ovary ovoid, 3-gonous; style at length very

stigma eapitate.—I have seen no Himalayan specimen. Regel says it differs from

Widely diffused A. strictum, Schrad. in the capitate stigma,

** Stamens shorter than the perianth.

. 20. A. odorum, Linn. Mant. 62; leaves many basal very narrowly
linear flattish keeled shorter than the terete slender scape, head many or
*w-fid., pedicels much or rather longer than the small white campanuiate
Penanth, filaments shorter than and adnate below to the obovate-oblong
p nate or subacute sepals triangular-lanceolate, style included. Kunth
am. lv. 185; Regel All. Monogr. 175; (ecl. Syn. tuberosum, &c.) Baker
hs Journ. Bot. 1874, 291; Redouté Lil. t. 98; Bot. Mag. t. 1142. A.
taricum, Ait. Hort. Kew ed. 2, ii. 233.
De ESTERN TIBET; alt. 10-14,000 ft., Thomson. WESTERN NEPAL, alt. 13,000 ft.,
thie.— Diere. N. Asia, Japan. Dl. .
ulb 1-4 in, clustered on an oblique jointed rootstock, subcylindric or conic ;
su “finely reticulate, white brown or blackish. Leaves many, 6-24 by rs in.,
tt. Scape terete or angled at the tip. Head 1-1} in. diam. ; spathes s ort,
jh nate ; pedicels short, filiform, angled, flowering } in., fruiting H M he ee
a, with usually a strong nerve. Filaments subequal, outer dilate a the D ?
* ovate with a subulate tip. Ovary subglobose, trigonous. Capsule subglobose.

n tuberosum, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 24; Fl. Ind. n. 141; leaves
h basal erect narrow-linear flat tall compressed or trigonous above,
stel] pref. pedicels much longer than the small white or pink
eluded flowers, sepals oblong-lanceolate, filaments simple linear in
Fa connate below and perigynous, style short. Baker in ourn.
G Det 292; Kunth Enum. iv. 454; Wall. Cat. 5068. A. Rox urghi,
6j. po Monogr, AU. 91. Kunth l.c. 454. A. uliginosum, G. Don. te

Déeg Le, 422, A. senescens, Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. m. M

pa ES Howaray d alt. 5-6000 ft. (apparently wild).
G ALAYA, Royle. Kuasia MTS., j `

72 &e. Cultivated in BENGAL, Roxburgh.—DistR1B. China, Siam, Japan. —
Leave Ongate, cylindric, with white fleshy root-fibres : scales grey, brous,

8 6-12 b Tg-$ in.; sometimes concave and twisted. Scape 1-14 ft. im
in 8, e hemispheric, 1-1} in. diam., spathes 1-2 small: pedicels ascending, gë
Ke 1-4 in. ; acute or obtuse, at length reflexed, filaments inserted on uter
e the Sepals, gradually dilated from below the middle to the base, oute
tooth, broader, Ovary globosely obovoid, deeply 3-lobed ; stigma 0 seur y,
4. odoru, Cells 3-ovuled. Capsule obcordate.— Regel cites this as a synon m o
VER éi and it is possible that it may be the cultivated form of that plant.
* Specimens are from the Mission Garden, Tranquebar.

344 CLVI. LILIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Allium.

22. A. Govanianum, Wall. Cat. 5071; leaves many basal sub-
distichous linear flat obtuse about equalling the acutely angled scape, tip
rounded, head many-fid., pedicels equalling or exceeding the white stellate
flowers, sepals narrow at length reflexed, filaments very short perigynous
subulate included bases dilated connate. Baker in Journ. Bot. 1874, 293;
Regel All. Monogr. 177. A. humile, Kunth Enum. iv. 443; Regel l.c.
A. nivale, Jacquem. mss.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA ; from Kumaon westwards, alt. 8-12,000 ft. led
Bulbs and foliage as in A. odorum, from which it differs in the acutely ang
scape, in the larger flowers with narrower sepals } in. long, and much shorter

stamens.—The name humile being quite inappropriate, except for a very dwar
state, I follow Baker in retaining Wallich’s, which commemorates the discoverer
of the species.

23. A. oreoprasum, Schrenk in Bull. Imp. Acad. Petersb. x. a
Enum. Pl. Nov. ii. 6; leaves basal narrowly linear flattish shorter than
the striate scape, head few- or many-fid., pedicels longer than the rosy
campanulate flowers, sepals oblong obovate with a recurved mucro,
filaments simple connate below the middle included, Ledeb. FT. Ress. 17.
185; Regel. All. Monogr. 180.

Western Tuer: Zalung-Karpo Pass, alt. 10-17,000 ft., Stoliczka (Regel).—
DISTRIB. Soongaria, Eastern Turkestan. fibres

Bulb tufted, cylindric or elongate conic; outer scales rigid, appressed late
strongly coarsely reticulated. Leaves 8-12 by i-i in., often minutely ser eric,
Scape terete or somewhat 2.edged above. Head 1-1} in. diam., hemisp tips
6-12-fid., spathes 2, nearly as long as the pedicels which are 4-3 !D» m
thickened. Sepals 4-4 in. long, midrib dark. Filaments inserted much er
the bases of the sepals, } shorter than these, all connate at the base, us;
narrowly subulate, inner broadly subulate-lanceolate. Ovary globose, trigono °

wie short, stigma capitate.—Described from Turkestan specimens, I have seen no
ndian.

24. A. Clarkei, Hook. f; leaves very many subbasal oreok Kéi
narrowly linear or filiform shorter than the slender scape, head a as
pedicels much longer than the stellate white flowers, filaments har Tiy-
long as the linear-oblong acuminate sepals, inner broadly oblong obtu
toothed below the middle.

KASHMIR at Skardo, alt. 7-11,000 ft., Clarke. Leaves

Bulb small, ovoid, 1 in., outer scales closely finely reticulated, pale. diam.;
4-8, 6-12 by AA in., obtuse, flat. Scape 12-18 in., terete; head 1-14 in.
spathes 2 one or both as long as the pedicels or shorter; pedicels 4-3 !D- "y,
à in., acuminate; filaments inserted near their bases, anthers large. Ovary

: i A.
globose ; style included. Capsule broadly obcordate, } in. diam.—Habit of
tuberosum.

r
Sec. III. Morum. Bulbs not seated on a rootstock. Leaves flat °

keeled. Spathes shorter than the head.

25. A. atropurpureum, Waldst. & Kit. Pl. Rar. Hung. 1. han the
leaves 2-3 basal narrowly linear-oblong or lanceolate shorter t en
tall erect terete fistular scape, head large very many and den
pedicels much longer than the rose-purple stellate Howers, o
subulate about equalling the linear-oblong or- lanceolate sepala, Kunth
ovary 3-foveolate. Regel All. Monogr. 247. Don Monogr. All, 90;

Allium.] OLVI. LILIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 345

Enum. iv, 448; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 757; Beichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. x. t. 505.
A. robustum, Karel. d Kiril. Enum. Pl. Alt. n. 855; Kunth l.c. 446 ;
Ledeb. Fl, Ress. iv. 187; Baker in Journ. Bot. 1874, 289.

Western HIMALAYA ; from Kashmir, Falconer, to Kishtwar, alt. 8-10,000 ft.,

son.— DistRis. Westwards to Hungary, Turkestan, Siberia.

Bulb subglobosely ovoid, scales entire. Leaves 2-4, margins smooth, 1-2 ft.
by 1-2 in., sheaths sometimes hirtellous. Scape 2-24 ft., striate. Head usually
hemispheric, 2-2} in. diam., spathes 2-4, apiculate ; pedicels 4-1 in., elongate in

It. Sepals linear-oblong, subacute, pale or dark-purple, filaments inserted at
their bases connate at the base, inner triangular below the middle, outer at the base
only. Ovary subglobose or depressed; style short; stigma simple. Capsule
Slobose.—A ffghan specimens have leaves 23 in. broad.

26. A. loratum, Baker in Journ. Bot. 1874, 290; leaves 3-5 linear-
lanceolate flat flaccid ciliolate longer than the slender terete scape, head
many and dense-fid., pedicels short but longer than the campanulate white
Perianth, filaments equalling the lanceolate acute sepals inner subulate
outer linear with subulate tips.

Western HrwALAYA and TIBET; Kishtwar and Banahal, alt. 10-14,000 ft.,

80n.

Bulb small, ovoid, outer scales membranous, grey. Leaves 2-5, 6-9 by 4-1 in.,
narrowed from above the base. Scape 3-6 in. Head 30-50-fid.; spathes 2,
Mierer, acute ; pedicels 4—} in., tip thickened. Sepals AE in.; midrib brown ;

‘ments inserted on their bases, Ovary globosely triquetrous; style very short.
Baker says that this, judging from the very imperfect specimens, closely re-
sembles 4, narcissifolium, Linn., the haudsomest of European species. Near A.

Opurpureum, but the leaves are broader, and the head globose, with much shorter

Pedicels and paler flowers,

‘ia A. macranthum, Baker in Journ. Bot. 1874, 293 ; leaves many

ry gradually acuminate keeled, scapes many grooved and ribbed, head

f Ad. pedicels much longer than the large campanulate dark purple

owers, filaments filiform equalling the oblong obtuse sepals. Rege
‘Monogr. 182; Bot, Mag. t. 6789.

Së HIMALAYA ; in the i ] = ft., J. D. H. ; Elwes.
; inner ranges alt. 12—13,000 ft., .
T Y^ narrow, coats membranous. Leaves 6-9, 18 by i-i in. Soape robust
dilated” pedicels 1-2 in., stout. Sepals ZA in.; filaments inserted on the A ses,
Ay it the very base ; anthers large. Ovary deeply 3-lobed, stigma capitelia te :
Det eenutiful Species, resembling A. narcissiflorum, Vill. Regel cites it 1n Sect.
“iridium, but it is not known to have a rootstock.

18. DIPCADI, Medic.
T

uberous scapigerous herbs, Flowers racemed. Perianth cylindric,
e erect segmente the outer recurved from about the middle, the inner
kent tips only. Stamens included. Capsule short, broad, tridymons,
iat a ; many-seeded. Seeds flat; testa black, membranous.—species
0, 8. European, W. Asiatic and African.
Th

than | Indian species want a thorough re-examination, with far better materials
ave access to,

* D
Ovary atipitate,

346 CLVI. LILIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Dipcadi.

1. D. montanum, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xi. 398; ome
many-fld., bracts lanceolate acuminate about equalling the pedicels
perianth 4-2 in. lobes of outer subequal as long as the, tube lign ate
Uropetalum montanum, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. 11. 152; Dalz.
Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 250.

ROoHILKUND; at Delhi, Vicary. The Concan and WESTERN DECCAN, Dalzell.

Bulb small. Leaves 4-6 in., subfleshy, filiform, semiterete, deeply Cater
above. Scape 6-9 in., terete; raceme 6-12-fid. ; pedicels 3-3 in., longer ors orte
than the lanceolate bracts. Perianth white or greenish, ł in., tubular-campaat P
lobes glandular at the tips. Capsule stipitate, 4 in. diam. Seeds ellipso! EE
long, flat.

2. D. minor, Hook. f.; racemes many-fld., bracts much shorter than
the pedicels, perianth 1—i in. lobes of outer as long as the tube.

The CoNcaN ; rocky places in Malwan, Dalzell. ze of the
The: specimens are very indifferent and leafless; but the small size
flowers at once distinguishes the species.

3. D. concanense, Dalzell in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. 142 ; Tm
few-fld., bracts triangular acuminate shorter than the pedicels, Der late.
li in. long, lobes much shorter than the tube subequal, outer Te,
Uropetalum concanense, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xi. 399 ; Dalz. &
Bomb. Fl. 250.

The Concan; Hewra Plain, rare, Dalzell.

Bulb small. Leaves few, 6-9 in., fleshy, filiform, semiterete, deeply gren
above. Scape 6-12 in., terete; raceme 2-6-fld.; pedicels 4—j in. Perian A le,
white; lobes linear-oblong, obtuse, outer spreading, inner united to the m diam.
all glandular and papillose at the tip. Capsule stipitate, didymous, A 1D
Seeds 3 in. long, oblong.

** Ovary sessile or subsessile.

4. D. serotinum, Medic. in Act. Palatin. vi. 431; leaves 6-18 ins
scape 10-14 in., raceme elongate many-fld., bracts lanceolate ee?
equalling the pedicels or longer, perianth 4 in. long brown, lo dor in
equal three outer about equalling the tube, ovary sessile. Ba e er t.
Journ. Linn. Soc. xi. 397. Uropetalum serotinum, Bot. Reg. 21 thus
156; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. x. 459; Kunth Enum. iv. 378. M yao ills
serotinus, Linn. Sp. Pl. 317; Cavan. Ic. t. 30: Redouté Lil. t. 202. ai
serotina, Bot. Mag. t. 859. Urginea coromandeliana, Wight Ic. t. 20 "

The PANJAB; Salt range, Mt. Tilla, Aitchison. Kumaon, in the Kali valley.
alt. 7-8000 ft., Duthie.—DiIsTRIB. Europe. s. . bracts

Bulb ovoid. Leaves 6-12 by CA in. acuminate. Raceme 46 m. 5 outer
about as long as the white or very pale pink flowers. Flowers 3—5 in. jong, very
lobes of perianth revolute, inner erect with spreading tips. Caps" à ars
variable, iz in. diam., quadrate,—In a drawing from Herb. Falconer it Te
that in this plant the flowers are very pale brown. In Wight's figure 0

„ of
coromandeliana, the flowers are those of an Urginea, but the foliage, capsule, ke,
D. serotinum.

5. D. unicolor, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xi. 397; leaves 1 dic
scape as long as very stout, bracts lanceolate about equalling the

Dipcadi.) OLVI. LILIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 347

racemes few.fll. perianth $ in. long green lobes subequal, three outer
about equalling the tube, capsule 3-4 1n. broad.

ScINDE ; on the lower hills, Stocks.

À much smaller and stouter plant than JD. serofinum with green flowers.
Capsule quadrate, retuse above and below. Seeds i-j in. diam., orbicular.—
Possibly a state of D. serotinum, but a very different-looking plant.

, 9. D. hydsuricum, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xi. 397; leaves 4-6
m., scape tall, raceme elongate, bracts much shorter than the pedicels,
perianth Zin. long green or pale pink. Uropetalum hydsuricum, Edgew.
in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 88.

The PANJAB, at Loodiana, Edgeworth.

The short bracts are the best character of this species, which closely resembles

serotinum in habit. In a drawing of what I take to be this, in Falconer’s
collection, the tube of the corolla is pale green, the lobes very pale pink.

19. UR GINEA, Steinh.

Bulbous, Scapigerous herbs. Flowers racemed. Perianth campanulate
es subequal segments. Stamens included. Capsule oblong, triquetrous,
oculicidal, many-seeded. Seeds flat, testa black, membranous.—Species
about 24, S, European, W. Asiatic, and African.

* Flowers appearing before the leaves.

di lv. indica, Kunth Enum. iv. 333; leaves 1-1 in. broad, flowers
stant long-pedicelled drooping, bracts evanescent, perianth segments
Fred in the middle, capsule oblong. Baker in Journ. Linn, Soc. xiii.

Sei Dalz, $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 250. U. senegalensis, Kunth i.c. 334.

dri à indica, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 147; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 220. S. Cun-

na and §, denudata, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5062, A, B, O, E, H.

ft Wesreny HIMALAYA : Garwhal, Kumaon and the Salt Range, ascending to 6000
top Ae, the Concan and COROMANDEL coasts. BURMA, Wallich,—DistR1.
Tin the size of an apple, bitter, nauseous. Leaves 6-18 in., subbifarious, linear,
ants Scape erect, 12-18 in., brittle; raceme 6-12 in., erect; flowers very
White o pedicels 1. 13 in., spreading or decurved. Perianth }-{ in. diam., greenis
a js 1 £5 green, tips rounded ; filaments flattened below ; style narrowly obconic.
prie 4-1 in., subacute, cells 6-9-seeded. Seeds Ä in. diam.

bus. coromandeliana, Hook. f. (not of Wight), leaves very narrow,
sepals 15: 8-pedicelled drooping, bracts minute ovate acute persistent,
Seill "hérved, inner bearded at the tips, style very short obconic.

EN coromandeliana, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 147.

WI MANDEL coast ; on sand hills, Roxburgh.

ait globose, lj in, diam. Zeie 6-8 by 4 in., subacute. Scape 12-18 in. ;
bu ro -liin.; bracts lin. Flowers dull green and purplish ; sepals 3 in. long,
Dac, ded; filaments clavate; style shorter than the ovary, narrowly obconie.—
Indica from Roxburgh's excellent drawing, and the characters given in his Flora
With the pew "omandeliana, Wight is Dipcade serotinum (as his Herbarium proves)

Perianth and stamens very incorrectly represented,

3. U. Wi i he decurved
or ` Wightiana, Hook. f.; flowers long-pedicelled on the dec
suberect raceme, bracts ook. f. scent, sepals l-nerved all bearded at the

348 CLVI. LILIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Urginea.

tips, filaments dilated in the middle, style elongate. U. indica, Wight Ic.
t. 2063 (sepals very incorrect) excl. Syn. Kunth. Melanthium nudum,
Herb. Heyne in Wall. Herb. (misspelt indicum in Cat. 5062 D).

Sovrum Deccan, Heyne; sand hills at Tuticorin and Coimbatore, Wight.

Very near U. coromandeliana, but differing as above. Wight’s figure 1s good,
except that he has made the sepals acuminate, and anthers too slender, very different
from his specimens. His character is taken confessedly from Roxburgh’s of Scilla
indica, from which his figure and specimens differ totally.

** Leaves and flowers appearing together.

4, U.congesta, Wight Ic. t. 2064 (left-hand figure) ; leaves appearing
with the flowers, raceme many and dense-fld., flowers small suberect,
bracts minute deltoid, perianth segments l-nerved, capsule subglobose.
Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii. 218.

DECCAN PENINSULA; on the sea coast, Wight. CEYLON; Dambulla, Trimen.

Bulb about 1 in. diam. Leaves 5-6 in., filiform, grooved above. Scape 6 wi
flexuous; raceme 2-3 in.; pedicels AA in., suberect. Perianth $ in. long, whit
and purplish; filaments flattened below broadly subulate, not longer than e
linear oblong large anthers. Capsule jin. broad; cells 3—4-seeded.— Wight's P 7
is very incorrect in respect of the perianth and stamens, Trimen's var. rup!co a,
(Journ. Bot, 1889, 167) differs in the laxer inflorescence.

5. U. polyphylla, Hook. f.; leaves filiform, flowers suberect, bracts
longer than the very short pedicels subulate with broad membranows
auricles ; sepals all thickened at the tips 5-nerved in the middle, Deg
slender, style elongate. Ornithogalum polyphyllum, Herb. Heyne m Hoi,
Cat. 5062 F.

DECCAN PENINSULA? Heyne. than
Bulb not seen. Leaves 8-10 by A in., margins involute. Scape longer
the leaves, very slender; raceme terminal, 6-fld.; bracts 4 in., persistent; " "
3 in. long, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse ; filaments nearly as long as the sepals, sty “he

long.—There is but one specimen in Herb. Wall., without bulb, it resembles

Cape and European species, and is fastened down with Urginea Wightiana a
Dipcade serotina.

20. SCILLA, Linn.

. istent
Bulbous, scapigerous herbs. Flowers racemed. Perianth persi
stellate or campanulate, segments recurved. Capsule globose, lo bose;
tridymous, loculicidal, cells 1-2-seeded. Seeds obovoid or subgio
testa thin, black.—Species about 80, Europe, As. temp.

1. S. indica, Baker in Saund. Refug. Bot. ii. App. 12; im Jou
Linn. Soc. xii. 250; leaves oblong or lanceolate, raceme very many
perianth ł in. diam. S. maculata, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. Le,

ouria hyacinthina, Roth Nov. Sp. 195; Kunth Enum. iv. 336; Wu nl.
t. 2040; Wall. Cat. 5170; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 220; Dalz. & Gibe. L.
Fl. 951; Bot. Mag. t. 3226; Dene. in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. t: 1/1. Ba
maculata, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. ii. 143 ; Dalz. & Gibs. l.c. Daf"

indica, Wight Ic. t.2041. Melanthium hyacinthoides & Erythronium ""
dicum, Herb. Madr.

re
The Deccan PENINSULA and CENTRAL INDIA, from the Concan and Nagp’

Seilla.] CLVI. LILIACE&. (J. D. Hooker.) 349

oa” especially near the sea. CEYLON, at Trincomalee, Genie.—DreTRIB.
ssinia.

Bulb 1-2 in. diam. Leaves 3-6 in., very variable in breadth, petioled or not,
often recurved, tips after reaching the ground bulbiferous, green or blotched with
black, Scape 2-6 in.; raceme cylindric, 30-50 fid., pedicels 1-4 in.; bracts
minute. Flowers greenish purple; filaments purple; ovary stipitate.—I can find
no characters of L. maculata.

2. S. Hohenackeri, Fisch. & Mey. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. 1838, i.
256 ; leaves linear, raceme few or many-fd., perianth Z in. diam. Baker
m Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii. 244; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 227. S. cernua
var. pluriflora, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. iv. 157. Hyacinthus purpureus, Grif.
Notul, 242; Ae, Pl. Asiat. t. 275. .

The PansaB; Zc. Falconer; Rawul Pindee, at Hussan, Aitchison.—DISTRIB.
Afghanistan, Persia. .

Bulb ovoid, 3-1 in. diam. Leaves 4-6, flaccid, 8-12 by 4-3 in. Scape 4-8 in.,
6-12-fld.; bracts membranous. Flowers bright blue, scattered; sepals linear,
obtuse, recurved from near the base, filaments narrowly lanceolate ; anthers blue ;
cells of ovary 3-4-ovuled.

21. LILIUM, Linn.

„Tall, bulbous, leafy, unbranched, usually very large fid. herbs. Flowers
ary or in terminal racemes. Perianth infundibular, segments 6,
ually narrowly nectariferous at the base. Stamens hypogynous, anthers
large orsifixed versatile. Style long, stigma globose (rarely 3-fid as in
ntillaria). Capsule erect, coriaceous, loculicidal, very many-seeded.
eeds vertically compressed; testa pale, membranous, appressed.—Species
about 50, N. temperate.
Secr. I. Bulb of narrow fleshy imbricating scales, without any outer

Bulition tamens not diverging. Stigma capitate, obscurely 3-lobed.

* Leaves petioled, broadly cordate.

"l- giganteum, Wall. Teut. Fl. Nep. 21, t. 12, 13 (ezcl. syn.) ;
Cat, 5075 ; very tall, raceme many-fid., pedicels short, perianth white
narrowly funnel-shaped. Kunth Enum. iv. 268; Bot. Mag. t. 4673;
“pred in Fl. des Serres, t. 771-2; and in Belg. Hortic. iii. t. 21; Duchart.
l *. Gen. Lis, passim. Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 227 ; Gard. Chron.
ae "D. fig. 18; Elwes Monogr. Lil. t. ll. L. cordifolium, Don, Prodr.

e HiMALAYA; from Garwhal to Sikkim, alt. 5-10,000 ft. Kasia
» all. 90-6000 ft
rig tufted, 3-4 in diam. ; scales subequal. Stem 6-12 ft., 2 in. diam. at base,
fstular, Leaves 12-18 in. long and broad, penninerved ; petiole of lower 9-12 in.
"un -2 ft., bracts large; flowers 5-7 in. fragrant, drooping, tube Pores
filam , Segments oblanceolate, tips rounded recurved. Stamens and style inclu ded,
an led ts decurved at the tip; anthers } in., yellow. Capsule 2-3 in, 0 y
g'ed; carpels retuse, septa pectinate. Seeds }-} in. broad, very thin.

Leaves sessile, linear or lanceolate.
Ë Flowers white or greenish white.
? x. Wallichianum, Schultes f. Syst. Pl. vii. 1689 ; leaves narrowly

350 CLVI. LILIAGEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Lilium.

linear, nerves 3-5 faint, perianth 6-10 in. narrowly tubular below then
infundibular with the upper third recurved, stamens much Shorter t Gë '

erianth, anthers 1 in. orange yellow. Kunth Enum. iv. 267; Wa d Ze
E076 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4561; Duchart. Obs. Gen. Lis. 71; Lindl. § Par, bg
Gard. 1850, 190, with woodcut; Lemaire, Jard. Fleur. t. 105-6; Fl. "
Serres, t. 612; Elwes Monogr. Lil. iv. 267 ; Baker in Journ. Linn. ME il
227. L. longiflorum, Wall. Teut. Fl. Nep. 40, t.29. D. Batisua, .
mss.

WESTERN HIMALAYA; Nepal and Kumaon, alt. 3—4000 ft. nate, Stem

Bulbs small, on a creeping rootstock ; scales many, short, ovate, acumina aitar "
4-6 ft., base ascending, few-fld. Leaves 6-12 by Läim, Flowers vw mbeqaal,
horizontal, sweet-scented, pedicel long; tube greenish outside; segments $

.

: sule
oblanceolate, 2. in. broad; style recurved at the top; stigma conoidal. Capsu
1i-2 in.

3. L. neilgherrense, Wight Ic. t. 2031; leaves elliptic-lancco mte
strongly nerved, perianth 8-12 in. narrowly tubular below then 1n am anth,
with the upper third recurved, stamens much shorter than the p Soc. xi¥.
anthers 2 in. ; Duchart. Obs. Gen. Lis., 71; Baker in Journ. Lm x t
230; Elwes Monogr. Lil. t. vi. L. neilgherricum, Lemaire Tl. 2095 '
353. L. tubiflorum and Wallichianum, Wight, Let, 2033-4, .
Metzii, Steud. in Hohenack. Pl. Exsicc. Ind. Or. No. 954.

SOUTHERN Deccan ; Nilghiri and Pulney Mts., alt. 5-8000 ft., Wight, de. and

Very closely allied to Z. Wallichianum, but the leaves are much shor
broader, 3-5 by 3-1 in., and the perianth tube even longer.

4. L. Lowii, Baker in Bot. Mag. t. 7232 ; leaves numerous sbori kee
sessile, flowers corymbose or umbelled, perianth 3-4 in. broadly Kg ,
shaped recurved from about the middle, stamens shorter than the pert of.
anthers in brown. L. nepalense, Collett & Hemsl. in Journ. Linn-
xxvii. 133.

BURMA ; in the Shan hills. Collett. in. Flowers

Bulb globose 2 in. diam., scales lanceolate. Stem 3-4 ft. Leaves 2-3 Da li
coriaceous, 3 in. diam., pedicels long; perianth segments nearly wn i lower
broad, white, or greenish externally, speckled with claret-brown in thet a m$.
halves; style as long as the stamens.—I have taken the characters from

d of
of Mr. Baker's drawn up from specimens that flowered in the nurseries
Messrs. Low & Co.

. ii

5. L. Bakerianum, Hemsl. & Collett in Journ. Linn. Soe. led,

138, t. xxii.; leaves short linear or lanceolate, flowers few Jongen? the
perianth 3-4 in. campanulate, segments acute spreading from à

. n H t D
middle inner much the broadest, stamens much shorter than the peran
anthers j in. long.

Burma ; on the Shan hills, Collett. d margins

Stem 2—4 ft., puberulous, 2.fld. Leaves 2 in., nerves obscure, costa an ou
lepidote. Flowers erect; perianth segment spotted on the broad bases, alate,
narrowly-lanceolate long-acuminate, inner oblanceolate tip rounded ap

: iven
margins furfuraceously puberulous.— Description from a single specimen as EI
by Hemsley 1l. c.

tt Flowers yellow.

6. L. nepalense, D. Don in Mem. Wern. Soc. iii. 412; P rod om
Nep. 52; leaves lanceolate, perianth 4-5 in. broadly funnel-shaped

Lilíum.] OLVI. LILIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 351

the base recurved from beyond the middle, stamens exserted anthers
jh. Hee, Kunth Enum. iv. 267; Duchart. Obs. Gen. Lis., 64; Wall.
Pl. As. Rar. iii. 67, t. 991 ; Cat. 5078; Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 281;
Elwes Monogr. Lil. t. v.: Bot. Mag. t. 7053; Gard. Chron. 1880, ii. 77,
119. L. ochroleucum, Wall. mss.

WzsrERN HIMALAYA, from Nepal to Simla, alt. 7—8000 ft.

Bulb unknown. Stem 2-3 ft., slender. Leaves 8-4 by i-1i in., 5-7-nerved.
Flowers solitary or few and racemed or subumbelled, drooping, sweet.scented,
tube greenish outside with a stout rounded keel, segment orange-yellow with
purple dots or spots on the lower half of the recurved portion within, outer
segments oblanceolate subacute, inner much broader, tips rounded ; filaments. bright
red, rather spreading; style exserted.—The colours of the flower probably vary.
A supposed variety with deep crimson green-tipped sepals is figured in Gard.
Chron. 1888, ii, 412; but its flowers are much shorter than in the type form.

7. L. primulinum, Baker in Bot. Mag. t. 7227 ; leaves lanceolate,
flowers corymbose or umbelled long-pedicelled, perianth 5-6 in. funnel-
shaped segments subequal, the upper half revolute, stamens exserted rather
shorter than the perianth, anthers 3 in. brown, style much longer than the
Stamens. L, neilgherrense, Hemsl. & Collett in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxviii.
188. L. claptonense, Hort. Low.

Bora ; in the Shan States, Collett.

bulb large, globose, scales lanceolate. Stem 3-4 ft., erect, glabrous. Leaves

m. Flowers about 3 in a corymb or umbel, pedicel with a large leaf-like
Det, Flower pale yellow, unspotted; perianth segments subequal, oblanceolate-
sblong.—Described from Mr. Baker’s account of a specimen that flowered with

rs. Low & Co.

8. L. sulphureum, Baker in Boi. Mag. ined. ; leaves linear l-nerved
Upper bulbiferous, perianth 7-8 in. broadly funnel-shaped recurved in the
upper half, inner segments much broader than the outer, stamens rather
Sorter than the perianth, anthers lin. brown. L. Wallichianum, var.
Wperbum, Hort. Low. ; Baker in Gard. Chron. 1891, ii. 480.

UPPER BURMA, Hort. Low. ao

Bulb large, globose. Stem 6-7 ft. Leaves very many, 3-4 by 4 in. ; bulbils in
Upper large, Flowers pendant on long pedicels fragrant, pale sulphur-yellow,
fiue With claret-colour outside ; outer segments 1 in. broad, inner nearly 2 in. ;

ments straight, yellow ; style curved, rather longer than the anthers.— Described

r. Baker's notes.

Srt. IL Bulb and stigma of Sect. L, but stamens diverging
(Marragon),

9. L. polyphyll m n in Royle Ill. 388; leaves linear or oblan-
late, owers whorled. deeg broadly infundibular segments revolute
71 the middle, stamens exserted, anthers jin. long. Kunth Enum. iv.
"Ärt: Klotzsch in Bot. Reis. Pr. Waldem. 53; Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc.
I ; Elwes Monogr. Til. t. 48. L. punctatum, Jacquem. mss. ex
chart. Obs, Gen. Lis., 77. UL. stylosum, Klotzsch mss.

Wxsrkny Temperate HIMALAYA ; alt. 6-12,000 ft., from Kumaon to Kashmir,

Royle, &
» &c.—DisTRIB. Affghanistan.
hese l narrow, of few long narrow subequal fleshy scales. ` Stem 3-4 ft., slender,
i. the" many-nerved, lower sometimes whorled, SEKR DËS, elongate
n . D >
€ naked top of the stem, 4-10-fld.; bracts whor ah or greenish out-

Nous ; flowers pendulous, 2 in. diam., fragrant, dull yellowi

352 CLVI. LILIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Lilium.

side, white within speckled with long purple streaks; segments oblanceolate, iin
broad; style very declinate.

Sect. III. Bulb with dark brown scarious coats. Leaves linear.
Stamens not spreading. Stigmas 3-fid, lobes short, narrow, recurved.
NOTHOLIRION.

10. L. Thomsonianum, Royle Ill. t. 92 ; stem 2-4 ft. very many-fd.
Duchart. Obs. Gen. Lis. 68. L. roseum, Wall. Cat. 5077 B; Belgie.
Hortic. 1854, 199, cum Ic. ; Berlin Gartenz. 1884, 414, f. 125 ; Gard. Chron.
1884, i. 772, fig. 145. L. longifolium, Griff. Itin. Notes, 345; Notul. 241;
Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 977. Fritillaria, Thomsoniana, Don in Royle Ill. 388;
Kunth Enum, iv. 672. Notholirion macrophyllum, Boiss. Fl. Or. v. 191,
excl. syn.

WESTERN HIMALAYA, alt. 5-7000 ft.; from Kumaon to Kashmir.—DISTRIP.
Affghanistan. k

Bulb 2-23 in., formed of lanceolate fleshy inner scales (bulbils) covered by et?
brown loose scarious longitudinally undulate scales. Stem very stout. Leaves 8- A
by 4-4} in., flaccid, narrowed to very fine points. Zaceme dense-fld., 1-2 ft. long ;
bracts lanceolate; pedicels short, stout. Flowers 2-21 in. long, sweet-scented, pale
rose or rose-purple, segments narrowly spathulate, nectary 0. Filaments long; style
much longer than the ovary, tip upcurved. Capsule 1 in.

11. L. roseum, Wall. Cat. 5077 A.; stem 12-20 in. few-fld. Duchart.
Obs. Gen. Lis. 68 ; Bot. Mag. t.4725. L.Thomsonianum, Lindl. Bot. Reg.
1845, t. 1. L. Hookeri, Baker in Gard. Chron. 1871, 201. Fritillaria
Hookeri, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 269; in Bot. Mag. t. 6385.

macrophylla, Don Prodr. 51. Notholirion roseum, Wall. mss. in Bot. Mag.
under t. 4725.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA; Garwhal, at Mussoori (Bot. Reg.); Nepal, Wallich;
Sikkim, alt. 9-10,000 ft., J. D. H. . the

A much smaller plant than L. Thomsonianum, with the bulb 14 in. long,
stem 1-2 ft., and the flowers varying from rose pink to pale lilac; but Wallich w A
probably right in thinking them varieties of one. Notholirion was taken up, ` a
genus by Boissier and rightly attributed by him to Wallich, whose mention of it a i
genus (not a section) was overlooked in Gen. Plant, Don's F. macrophylla, lant,
Nepal, Wallich, with 3-4 flowers and a trifid stigma, must be meant for this p!"
though he describes the flowers as yellow.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES. bobtuse

L. NANUM, Klotzsch Bot. Reis. Ergeb. Waldem, 53 ; leaves linear grassy Su nts

strict erect 5-nerved, flowers small drooping campanulate white, perianth SET te

sessile oblong obtuse, stigma thickened trigonous puberulous, filaments subu! ven

anthers oblong obtuse base obtusely 2.804. Western Himalaya, Hoff meste":
(Translated from Klotzsch, lc. I cannot imagine what it is.)

22. FRITILLARIA, Linn.

Characters of Liliwm, but perianth campanulate or with segment’
spreading from near the naked or bearded base, nectaries usually bros ,
stigmas 3-fid with short spreading truncate divisions (as 10 ect.

ILI. of Lilium), rarely capitate and 3-lobed.—Species about 50, N. tomp.
regions.

* Flowers solitary. Perianth segments spreading from near the base;

stigma capitate, 3-lobed. "
1, F. oxypetala, Royle Ill. 388 ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, periant °

Fritillaria.] CLVI. LILIACER. (J. D. Hooker.) 353

segments elliptic ovate acute, bearded above the nectary. Lilium oxypeta-
lum, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 234; Elwes Monog. Iil. t. 4, left-hand
fig. PF. triceps, Klotzsch Bot. Reis. Pr. Wald. 53, t. 93.

WESTERN HIMALAYA ; Kunawar, Royle; Kumaon, alt. 12,500 ft., Strachey 5
Winterbottom ; Garwhal and W. Nepal, alt. 10-11,000 ft., Duthie.
, Bulb 2 in. long ; scales few, subequal, lanceolate, acuminate, outer membranous,
Inner fleshy. Stem 12-18 in., stout. Leaves 14-3 by $ in. Flowers purple.
Segments 14-2 in., long. Style shorter than the ovary, stigma capitate, 3-lobed.
Capsule 1 in., broadly oblong.— The flowers of F, triceps are described as white.

2. F. Stracheyi, Hook. f.; leaves narrowly linear, flowers solitary,
Perlanth-segments elliptic-ovate acute bearded above the nectary. F.
oxypetala, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4731; Lemaire Jard. Fleur. t. 422.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA; Kumaon, Strachey (Hort. Kew); West Nepal, alt.
12-13,000 ft., Duthie; Sikkim, alt. 9-10,000 ft., J. D. H.

Bulb as in F, oxypetala, but much smaller. Stem 6-12 in., slender. Leaves 4-6
Y 1-1 in.; radical linear-lanceolate, long-petioled, obtuse. Flowers pale purple
ée ` within below the middle; segments 1 in. long. Style as long as the

3 F. Gardneriana, Wall. Cat. 5080; leaves narrowly linear,
lowers solitary, perianth-segments obovate-spathulate obtuse naked above
*nectary, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 265.
TEMPERATE HIMALAYA; Central Nepal, Wallich; Western Nepal, alt.
2-13,000 ft, Duthie,
, „Bulbs as in F, Stracheyi. Stem slender. Leaves 2-6 by 4-4 in. Flowers more
nfundibular than in the preceding species, with narrower segments, which are
Te and only 3 in. long. Style rather longer than the ovary.

Ze Flowers few or many. Perianth broadly campanulate. Stigma
rfid, lobes spreading truncate.

la XE. Roylei, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 860; leaves whorled or opposite linear-
we ëlo acuminate straight, flowers solitary or few nodding tessellate,
may broad naked. Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 257. F. verticillata,
s Cat. 5079 B, C, D. (not of Willd.); Royle Ill. 387, t. 92, f. 2. F.
melmi-Waldemarii, Klotzsch Bot. Reis. Pr. Wald. 52, t. 92.
Md EMPRBATR HIMALAYA; from Kumaon to Kashmir, alt. 8-12,000 ft.
ET omson.
i "ha depressed, scales ‘membranous. Stem 1-2 ft., naked below. Leaves 2-4 by
yell A Opposite or 3-6 in a whorl, suberect. Flowers 1 4-2 in. long, campanulate,
the le green, tessellated with dull purple, segments j-$ in. broad. Stamens ha
ngth of the perianth. Capsule, obovoid, obtusely angled.

"ioni cirrhosa, Don Prodr. 51; lower leaves opposite, upper

broad n y Ppermost with cirrhose tips, flowers 1-2 tessellate, nectary
. Ye nr ed. Kunth Enum. iv. 253; Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. .
Ce ët, Wall. Cat. 5079 A (not of Willd.).

Lp ‘ae and EASTERN HIMALAYA ; Nepal, Wallich; Sikkim, alt. 11-16,000 ft.,

V : : i ;
that ty nearly allied to 77 Roylei, and perhaps, as Wallich believed, a variety of

inhoa Sch e leaves are however larger and narrower and the uppermost have

WI imperialis, Linn. Sp. Pl. 303; leaves crowded lanceolate lower
> Aa

354 OLVI. LILIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [Fritillaria

opposite upper longer whorled, flowers umbelled yellow or brick-red not
tessellate, nectary large rounded. Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 274;
Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 189; Bot. Mag. t. 194 and 1215; Redouté Lil. t. 13l.
F. Corona-imperialis, Gertn. Fruct. i. 64, t. 17, f. 1. Petilium imperiale,
J. St. Hil. Fam. Nat. 1.120; Kunth Enum. iv. 246.

Western Himataya; Kashmir, alt. 7-9000 ft., Thomson, Clarke.—DisTRi».
Westward to Kurdistan.

Bulb large, globuse, of broad obtuse gibbous fleshy yellowish scales, strong-
smelling. Stem 3-4 ft., robust, naked below. Leaves crowded, 6-10 by 1-2 in.,
lower obtuse, upper acute, often 10 in a whorl. Flowers 5-8 ; bracts leafy, whorled,
erect, linear. Perianth 2-2} in. long ; segments ł-1} in. broad. Filaments flat-
tened below. Capsule 2 in. long, obovoid, almost 6-winged, umbonate.—Crowu
Imperial.

23. LEO Y DIA, Salisb.

Small slender bulbous herbs. Leaves filiform. Flowers few or solitary,
small, white or yellow. Perianth funnel-shaped, suberect ; segments 0
persistent, straight, 3-5-nerved, with an obscure basal fold or nectary.
Stamens 6, subhypogynous, filaments erect, filiform; anthers basifixed.
Ovary triquetrous; style columnar, sigma capitate, obscurely 3-lobe à
cells many-ovuled. Capsule loculicidal. Seeds compressed and angled,
testa appressed, brown or white.—Species 2 or 3, Northern.

L. serotina, Reichb. Fl. Germ. Excurs. 102; Ic. Fl. Germ. x. t H
Kunth Enum. iv. 244; Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 300; Bots. ^^
Orient. v. 202. I. alpina, Salisb. in Trans. Hort. Soc. i. 328. L. himalens*
Royle Ill. 388, t. 93, f. 2; Kunth l. c.672. L. longiscapa, Hook. Ic. Wi
834. Anthericum serotinum, Linn. Sp. Pl. Ed. ii. 444. Gagea ? pulehe^^
Wall. Cat. 5064. Nectarobothrium striatum, Ledeb. Fl. Alt. n. 36.

ALPINE HIMALAYA and TIBET; from Kashmir to Sikkim, alt. 12-17,000 ft^
Disrris, Alps of Europe, Asia and America. us

Bulb elongate, 4-1 in., base rhizomatous, neck very long, coats membranos,
Leaves 2-8 in., wiry, convolute. Stem 4-12 in., with 1-2 small leaves, rarely for e
Flowers suberect, white with violet veins or yellow, purple at the base; segme "
3-3 in. oblanceolate or spathulate, broad or narrow; nectary very small, Eas,
Stamens 3-2 shorter than the perianth; filaments glabrous pubescent or Y! 0 d
anthers minute, very variable in shape. Style as long as the ovary. Hoi
4-3 in., obovoid or obeordate. Seeds triquetrous, foveolate.—1 am unable debat
any character whereby to distinguish the yellow from the white fld. states, an Hook.»
is more remarkable, the specimens with hairy filaments (Z. longiscap®, inter-
Gagea ? pulchella, Wall.) pass into these with glabrous filaments and grow pm at
mixed with them. A very minute tufted state, under an inch long, apu
13-14,000 ft. elevation in Sikkim with sepals only 3-4 in. long. In a drawing FV,
1 made of the ordinary Sikkim form, the nectary is represented as a drop of fiu
the naked surface above the base of the sepal.

24. TULIPA, Linn.
above, or

Bulb coated. Leaves few, linear or oblong. Scape naked te;
1-2-leaved, 1-3-fld. Flowers large, usually erect. Perianth campanu ors
segments 6, quite free; nectary 0. Stamens 6, hypogynous; Za?
basifixed, erect. Ovary oblong; stigmas 3, subsessile, recurved; C° ^.
many-ovulel. Capsule loculicidal. Seeds flattened, testa membre» N.
pale, appressed.—Species abont 60, temp. Europe, N. Africa an
Asia.

Tulipa.] OLVI. LILIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 355

l. T. chrysantha, Boiss. in Kotsch. Pl. Pers. Bor. Exsicc. 1846, No.
78; Fl. Orient. v. 193; bulb-scales woolly within, leaves linear or lanceolate
undulate margius cartilaginous, perianth yellow within, without suffused
with red, outer segments oblong acuminate, inner obovate obtuse or
mucronate. Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 279. T. Lehmanniana, Merckl.
™ Bunge Rel. Lehm. 337. T. undulata, Jacquem. mss, Liliacea, Griff.
Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 278, f. 1.

The PANJAB, Jacquemoht; Salt Range, Fleming.—Distris. Affghanistan,

ntral Asia and N. Persia. .

Bulbi-lin.diam. Stem 3-4 in. Leaves 4-5, glabrous, glaucous, lower 4-6 in.,
recurved, lanceolate, channelled, upper narrower. Perianth 1-14 in. long; claws of
the segments brown. Anthers longer thau the glabrous filaments. Ovary with a
narrow neck, stigmas small. — Bulbs eaten in Beluchistan.

2. T. stellata, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2762; bulb-scales woolly within,
leaves narrowly linear channelled not undulate, perianth white within,

e yellow, rosy or greenish without, segments all alike obtuse or sub-
cute. Kunth Enum. iv. 223; Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 281 (exel.
pe Kotschy, No. 99). T. Clusiana, var. stellata, Regel Enum. Tulip. 54.
Anthericum unifloram, Rowb. P. Ind. i. 149.

TEMPRRaTE WESTERN HIMALAYA, alt. 5-8000 ft.; from Kumaon westwards.

Bulb 3-1 in, diam. Stem 12-18 in., slender, naked below. Leaves 4—6, 9-12 in.,
Dean, glaucous, channelled. Peduncle 6-9 in. Perianth 1}-2 in. long, segments
ading, subspathulately oblanceolate. Anthers about as long as the very short
g abrous filaments. Ovary with a narrow neck, stigmas small.— Roxburgh's drawing
the Cal icum uniflorum, from Rohilkund, made from a specimen that flowered. in
in th in Bot. Gardens, resembles nothing except this Tulipa, from which it ji fers
bas °ng points to the anthers and in some roots from the base of the bulb being

stormed into pedicelled tubers.

25. GAGEA, Salisb.

Dec, bulbiferous herbs, with a solitary leaf from the base of the bulb,

e à short naked stem bearing more or less umbelliform leafy cymes or
Tymbe of flowers. Perianth stellate, usually yellow, nectary 0. Anthers
wet, basifixed, Capsule membranous, loculicidal. Seeds many, flat or
Bled, testa membranous.—Species about 20, north temp. regions.

d lutea, Schultz f. Syst. vii. 538 ; radical leaf linear or lanceolate,
a 2subop posite, flowers 3-6 subumbellate, sepals 3-3 in. long, capsule
J pmall, seeds subterete curved. Kunth Enum. iv. 239 ; Boiss FI.
Mops, V. 207; Reichb. Te. Fl. Germ. x. t. 477; Bot. Mag. t. 1200. G.
Trans, and elegans, Wall. Cat. 5063-5065.
mard to p tTa YA; from Kumaon westwards, alt. 6-13,000 ft.—DisTRIB.
€ Atlantie, N. Asia.
H Ke “olitary in the cott about as large as a. hazel-nut. Radical-leaf 3-8 by

est

m; eaulin imi : laxly villous. Flowers
Yellow. „one subsimijar. Stem 2-5 in., glabrous or lax y
8 long Dat segments linear-oblong, obtuse or aoute; filaments about half

E; anthers oblong. Capsule not half as long as the perianth, broader than

long,
2. G pn . 0; radical
leaf lines Por Bien, Boiss. Diagn. Ser. i. vii. 108; Fl. Orient. v. 210; radica
Va or linear-lanceolate, cauline very narrow, flowers many 1n uni-
chotomous cymes, sepals 3 in. long obtuse, capsule nearly as long

A a 3

356 CLVI. LILIACEA. (J. D. Hooker.) [Gagea.

as the perianth, seeds compressed not angled or winged. G. amblyopetala,
var. bulbifera, Boiss.; Regel Fl. Turkest. 112, t. 17 (non Boiss.).
stipitata, Merkl. in Bunge Rel. Haenk. 512. Bulbillaria gageoides, Zuce.
in Abhandl. Akad. Wiss. Bay. iii. 230, t. 2, f. 1. Lloydia kunawarensis,
Royle Lil. 388, t. 93, f. 3.

Western HIMALAYA; from Kunawur to ‘Kashmir, alt. 5-8000 ft., Royle, &c.
—DisrRIB. Westwards to Persia, Turkestan. .

Bulb solitary in the coats. Radical leaf 4-6 by }-} in. Stem 4-6 in., glabrous,
very slender. Cymes 1-2 in., often with bulbils in the axils of the short ve
slender pedicels, Sepals linear, obtuse; filaments nearly as long, anthers geg
didymous. Capsule nearly as long as the perianth. Seeds compressed, not angle
or winged.

3. G. reticulata, Schultes f. Syst. vii. 542; leaves all very long
filiform recurved cauline numerous subverticilate, flowers many SU»
umbellate, sepals 1-i in. long acute or finely acuminate, capsule as on
as the perianth, seeds flat angular. Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 208; Reichb. Ft.
Germ. x. t. 481; Regel Fl. Turkest. 110, t. 19, f. 1-4; Eent, Alger.
t. 45 bis, f. 1. G. taurica, Stev. Taur. 335 (ex Boiss.) G. commutata,
sarmentosa, and triphylla, C. Koch in Linnea, xxii. 227-230. G. pedunct:
lata, Wall. Cat. 5066.

The PANJAB PLAINS; ascending the Western Himalaya, Salt Range, &c., to
5500 ft.— DrsrRIB. Westwards to Greece and N. Africa, Turkestan. in

Bulb densely fibrilliferous. Stem 2-8 in., stout or slender. Leaves 4-8 -
cauline usually very many, and long, rarely few and short. Flowers numero"
very variable in size, green with a white border. Anthers linear-oblong.

26. COLCHICUM, Linn.

Corm coated. Leaves radical, linear or lanceolate. Scape very ebore
sessile amongst the leaf-sheaths, 1-3-fld. Flowers large, erect. P iem
funnel-shaped; tube very long and slender; lobes 6, subequal, guberec
Stamens 6, inserted in the bases of the segments, included ; anthers dorsi-
fixed, versatile, introrse. Ovary sessile, 3-celled; styles 3, long, filiform
cells many-ovuled. Capsule chartaceous, septicidal. Seeds subglobose ; tes
appressed brown.—Species about 30, Europe, N. Africa and temp. Asia.

DG. luteum, Baker in Gard. Chron. (1874) 33; Journ. Linn. Bor
xvii. 434; leaves appearing with the flowers linear-oblong or (opp
late obtuse, perianth golden yellow, tube 3-4 in., segments oblong : d
oblanceolate obtuse many-nerved. Bot. Mag. t. 6153. Melanthacem, "i
Notul. iii. 241 ; Tc. Pl. Asiat. t. 278, f. 2. .

WESTERN TEMPERATE HIMALAYA; Kashmir, alt. 4-7000 ft., Thomson n
Chamba, Ellis, &c.—DISTRIB. Affghanistan, Turkestan. t the

Corm gibbously ovoid, coats dark brown. Leaves few, lorate, short a ing
flowering time, at fruiting 6-12 by 1-3 in., tip rounded. Flowers 1-2 (in spring
1-1} in. diam. when expanded. Stamens shorter than the perianth ; filaments the
much shorter than the long yellow anthers. Style filiform, much longer than
perianth. Capsule 1-1} in.; valves with long recurved beaks.

27. MERENDERA, Ramond.
i . ee
Habitand characters of Colchicum, but with the perianth-segmenta er

to their base, their loag slenler claws forming a tube, and the an

Merendera.] CLVI. LiLIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 357
Or basifized or dorsifixed.—Species about 10, 8. Europe, N. Africa and
ntal,

M. persica, Boiss. & Kotsch. Diagn. xiii. 37; FI. Orient. v. 169;
eaves appearing with the flowers linear acute, scape 1-4-fld., perianth pale
» Segments lanceolate subacute, blade } shorter than the slender claw,
anthers basifixed. Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii. 440. M. Aitchisoni,
Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 6012; Boiss. L. c. 169.
The PANJAB; on the Salt Range, and near the Jhelum, Vicary, Aitchison.—
DisrRis, Affghanistan, N. Persia. 2.
Bulb gibbously ovoid, long-necked, coats bright red-brown. Leaves 1-2 in. in
flowering state, 6-8 in the fruiting, dark green. Flowers 1j-2 in. diam. ; seg-
puts with a reddish dorsal keel. Filaments subulate, equalling the anthers.—
Isle keeps Aitchisoni distinct from persica, on account of the paler corms, and
orter green anthers. Baker unites them.

28. IPHIGENIA, Kunth.

Corm coated. Stem erect, leafy. Leaves few, scattered, linear, upper
bractiform, Flowers small, erect, solitary or corymbose. Perianth 6-
Se stellate, deciduous ; segments equal, narrow, clawed, spreading.
tamens 6, hypogynous, filaments short, flat; anthers oblong, introrsely
tached, versatile. Ovary sessile, 3-celled; styles minute, united at
Cy base, linear, recurved, introrsely stigmatose; cells many-ovuled.
ene loculicidal. Seeds subglobose; testa thin, brown, appressed.—
Pecies 4, Indian, African and Australasian.

Lt, indica, Kunth Enum. iv. 213; ianth lish, segments
i . iv. ; perianth purplish, seg
inear-subulate, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii. 450; Benth. Fl. Austral.
Prod ‘sen TaCemosa, and I. caricina, Kunth Le, Anguillaria indica, Br.
Wan 219; Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 37, t. 259; Cat. 5085. A. Heyneana,
i l. Cat. 9086. Melanthium indicum, Linn, Mant. 226. M. racemosum
0, ucinum, Roth Nov. Sp. 199. Hypoxidopsis pumila, Steud. Pl. Ind.
Gase No. 1313.
ughout INprA, from the N. W. frontier to BURMA; ascending the KHasrA
Te to 4-5000 ft., and SC dal to 7000 ft. CEYLON ; Trincomalee, Glenie.
Core 5. Australia, Philippines. .
leaves f, globose, 3 in, diam., neck 1-2 in., sheaths brown. Stem 3-10 in., flexuous.
Plish oe, 6-8 by 3-4 in. upper smaller. Flowers few or many, reddish or pur-
j bracts linear, leafy; pedicels 1-2 in. Perianth }-} in. long; segments
tige... 4 Preading and reflexed. Capsule 4 in., obovoid or oblong, most variable in
adip Ee plant. Prome specimens are nearly 1 ft. high, very robust an
ish leayed.

22 . te AE, ianth white
N pallida, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii. 451; perianth white,
P ai oblanceolate acute many-nerved. ? A. indica, Grah. Cat. Bomb.

pte Cow Belgaum

P CAN; Ritchie, &c., on the Ghats at Mahableshwar, and Be gaum. ,
with e bly Var. of indica, with smaller narrower leaves and bracts, white flowers

ch broader Segments and shorter pedicels.

29. TOFIELDIA, Huds.

Rootstock i i i Scape slender ;
lowers gm y OTeeping. Leaves radical, equitant, ensiform. Scape slender ;
"8 small green or white, spicate or racemed ; bracts minute. Perianth

358 CLVI. LILIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Tofieldia.

persistent; segments 6, spreading. Stamens 6, on the base of the seg-
ments, filaments filiform; anthers short, dorsifixed, versatile, introrse.
Carpels 3, many-ovuled ; styles short, persistent, stigmas obtuse. Follieles
3, membranous, acute. Seeds many, minute, cymbiform or slender, testa
thin, pale.—Species about 14, Arctic and Alpine.

T. himalaica, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii. 489 ; leaves narrowly
linear 3-5-nerved margins scabrid, fruiting pedicels ascending bracteate
at the base calyculate at the apex.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA ; alt. 10-12,000 ft., J. D. H., Clarke. "D
Stem 8-18 in., glabrous. Leaves 2-4 by AA in. Fruiting raceme 4-8 uh
lower pedicels 4-3 in. Perianth i in. long, greenish white; segments narrow J
oblanceolate, l-nerved. Capsule j— in., obovoid ; styles very slender, à the lengt

of the cells. Seeds slender, terets, acute at both ends.

30. GLORIOSA, Linn.

Rootstock tuberous, naked. Stem climbing, leafy. Leaves scattered,
opposite or 3-nately whorled, lanceolate, costate, tip elongate RAM
Flowers large, axillary, solitary; pedicels reflexed. Perianth persistent;
segments 6, subequal, narrow, spreading or reflexed, often waved or SD:
Stamens 6, hypogynous, filaments filiform; anthers linear, dorsifixed, ver-
satile, extrorse. Ovary 3-celled; style filiform, deflexed, 3-fid, arms
subulate, introrsely stigmatose ; cells many-ovuled. Capsule larges coria-
ceous, septicidal. Seeds subglobose, testa spongy; embryo eylindrie.—
Species 3, tropical Asiatic and African.

G. superba, Linn. Sp. Pl. 305; perianth-segments crisply waved:
Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii. 457 ; Rozb. Fl. Ind. ii. 143; Grah. r
Bomb. Pl, 221; Wight Ic. t. 2047; Bot. Reg. t.77; Andr. Bot. Rep. t.19;
Reichb. Ic. Exot. t.51. G. simplex, Don Prodr. 51. G. Doniana, Schultes f.
Syst. vii. 366. Methonica superba, Lamk. Encycl. iv. 133 ; Kunth Enum.
iv. 276; Redouté Lil. t. 26; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl.9:0. M. Hai:
Kunth l.c. Eugona superba, Salisb. Prodr. 938 —Rheede Hort. Mal. v!

Throughout TROPICAL INDIA y from the N. W. HIMALAYA to ASSAM,
MALACCA and CEYLON, ascending to 5000 ft.—DisTuiB. Trop. Africa,
Cochin China. sty above.

Rootstock a chain of fleshy arched tubers, budding from the convexity tiol d
Stem 10-20 ft., terete, herbaceous. Leaves 6-8 in., sessile or shortly e de
variable in breadth, many nerved. Flowers solitary or subcorymbose towa exe .
ends of the branches from the nearness of the leaves; pedicels 4—6 in., tip de thi ;
Perianth 3—4 in. diam., segments linear-lanceolate, bright red above the lower Ven
golden yellow below it as are the margins and midrib. Filaments stout, 8°
yellow; connective green. Capsule 2 in. long.

BURMA,
Malacca,

Jl. TRICYRTIS, Wall.

Rootstock creeping. Stem dichotomously branched above, leafy,
Leaves alternate, subsessile or amplexicaul, strongly nerved. ni
subcory mbose or racemose, white spotted with purple. Perianth campa :
late, deciduous ; segments 6, lanceolate, 3 outer saccate or 2-gibbous its
the base, inner gibbous or flat. Stamens 6, subhypogynous, filamen:
cohering or conniving in a tube below, spreading above ; anth

Tricyrtis. | CLVI. LILIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 359

fixed, extrorse. Ovary 3-celled ; style 3-fid, arms 2-fid; cells many-
ovuled. Capsule coriaceous, linear, triquetrous, septicidal. Seeds l-seriate,
minute, flat; testa lax, brown, reticulate.—Species 5, Himalayan, Chinese
and Japanese. `

T. pilosa, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep. 61, t. 46; glandular-pubescent, leaves
rordately amplexicaul, flowers loosely corymbose white spotted with purple.
Kunth Enum. iv. 979 ; Baker im Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii. 464; Bot. ag.
t 4955; Flore des Serres, t. 1919. T. elegans, Wall. Le 62; Cat. 600.
Üompsoa maculata, Don Prodr. 51. Compsanthus maculatus, Spreng.
Syst. Veg. Cur. Post. 137.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA ; Nepal, Wallich ; Sikkim, alt. [-8000 ft.. J. D. H., &c.
Bhotan, Grif. The KHASIA Droa, alt. 5-6000 ft.

Stem 2-4 ft., slender. Leaves 4-6 by 14-3 in., acuminate, subpinnately 6-9-
herved. Flowers li in diam., pedicels stout strict; bracts small, lower ovate-
cordate, upper linear or 0. Perianth segments lanceolate, recurved from just above
the bigibbous nectariferous base, subacute, sparsely glandular without, yellowish
white with purple spots. Filaments stout, terete, erect, then stellately spreading ;
et? lilac, Style short, clavate, arms recurved, stout, obtuse. Capsule
-1i in.

32. DISPORUM, Salisb.

Rootstock creeping. Stem erect, angular, leafy. Leaves sessile or sub-
‘essile, strongly-nerved. Flowers in terminalor axillary few-fld. umbels ;
pedicels decurved. Perianth campanulate, deciduous; segments 6, erect,
ase saccate or spurred. Stamens 6, hypogynous; anthers dorsifixed,
extrorse, Ovary 3-celled ; style long or short, atigmas 3 short; cells 2-6-
ruled. Berry pisiform, fleshy, black. Seeds subglobose, testa appressed,
town.—Species about 12, Asiatic and N. American.

The study of a very large series of specimens and drawingsof the Indian Dispora
+S Satisfied me that no specific limits can be assigned to their forms, greatly
ugh they differ, and Mr. Clarke has arrived at the same conclusion. The leaves
"Bi no characters; the umbels are sessile or peduncled in the same form and even
ba imen, and vary in the number of flowers they bear; the flowers are white,
Zoch, or dark purple, and the perianth tubular with spreading tips of the narrow
“ements in the large flowered forms ; but in others broadly campanulate with the
tha, er segments spreading from shortly above the base. The filaments are shorter

a the anthers in some forms, three to four times as long in others. The length of
ena Jle is usually proportionate to that of the perianth, but it is sometimes far
e indicating dimorphic conditions). The fruit is the same in all forms,
Purple-black, pea-shaped berry. It remains for the resident botanists in the
lan to study all the forms, each in his own province, with the view of classi-
Min them, which latter I have been unable to do satisfactorily ; after which a
genns. of all the results thus obtained would lead to a better knowledge of the

l D. calcaratum, Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. 516; perianth- .
; ente lanceolate acute base spurred. Kunth Enum. iv. 207; Baker in
atk in. Soc. xiv. 588. D. Wallichii and Hamiltonianum, Don A
139 Le, , D. latipetalum, Coll. & Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxviii.
; Uvularia calcarata, Wall, Cat. 5087. U. Hamiltoniana, Wall. Cat.
< Part. U. Betua, Ham. mss.
Keay, motte HIMALAYA; from Nepal, Wallich, eastwards, alt. 5-8000 ft.
TS., MUNNIPORE and BURMA, alt. 8-6000 ft.

360 CLVI. LILIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Disporum.

Stem 1-2 ft. Leaves 2-3 in., oblong-lanceolate, acuminate. Flowers iin
long, usually narrow, white greenish or purplish ; spurs very variable, in short flowe i
specimens 1 in. long, equalling the blade of the sepal in length. Style slender, rarely
exserted. . . "-

Don gives the following characters to the species united above :—ca care il
sepals lanceolate acuminate long-spurred, filaments thrice as long as the an tà
Wallichit, sepals lanceolate acuminate, spur short straight, filaments five ege
long as the anthers. Hamiltonianum, sepals lanceolate acute, spur 8 ort hs
curved, anthers as long as the filaments. An original drawing of the i. >
(Hamilton’s “ Betua,” spelled Betiya) has acuminate narrow purple sepals KR it vay
short spurs; it is not distinguishable from a drawing by Horsfield of the | avan w
multiflorum (Horsfieldii). The Burmese D. latipetalum has broader sepals an
this respect approaches the Chinese D. uniflorum, berry intermediate.

2. D. pullum, Salisb. in Trans. Hort. Soc. i. 330; perianth-segment
spathulate or lanceolate acute or acuminate base saccate or su arn
Don Prodr. 50; in Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. 521; Kunth Enum. iv, 519°
Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 589. D. Pitsutum, Don lI. cc. 90 an Rm
Kunth e 207. D. fulvum (error for pullum), Don Prodr. 50. 7 me 8.
florum, Don in Proc. Linn. Soc. v. 45; in Trans. Linn. Soc. dei SN
Kunth l. c. 207 ; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 552. D. parviflorum, Dor Noo
50 and 520; Kunth l. c. 208. D. Horsfieldii. Don in Proc. Linn. lor an f
1839. Uvularia chinensis, Gawl. in Bot. Mag. t. 916. U. parvi ora 3
umbellata, Wall. in Asiat. Research. xiii. 379; Plant. As. Rar, m. a
t. 269; Cat. 5090. U. multiflora, Reinw. in Blume Cat. Hort. KEE
U. parviflora, Wall. in As. Res. xiii. 378; Cat. 5091 in part. j pedun-
toniana, Wall. Cat. 5088 C in part, D. Streptopus chinensis an hi fora,
cularis, Smith in Rees Cyclop. under Uvularia. Drapiezia mu
Blume Enum. i. 8.

d
TEMPERATE HIMALAYA ; from Garwhal eastwards, alt. 4-8000 ft. yo an
MvxNiPORE Hitis. BEHAR, on Parusnath.—Di1sTRIB. Sumatra, Java, blong or
Stem 2-4 ft., sometimes robust, or branched. Leaves 2-6 in., ovate-0 dunel
lanceolate, acute or acuminate. Flowers white or dull purple, in sessile or pe
many- or few-fld. umbels ; pedicels 3-1 in.

: ine.
The type of this species is the Chinese uvularia chinensis of the Botanical Magris of
a purple flowered plant hardly distinguishable from shortly spurred SP inte acute
calcaratum. The flowers are narrow, nearly an inch long, with lanceo numerous
sepals and filaments twice as long as the anthers. D. multiflorum Sé twice a8
very small white flowers, with subspathulate mucronate sepals and filamen to white
long as the anthers. D. Pitsutum has short cuneately lanceolate subaonta w the
sepals, spreading from near the saccate base, and filaments longer or shorter Sikkim
anthers, it passes into Leschenaultianum. I have found it single-flowered lus white
where it is identified with Baker's Chinese D. uniflorum. D. parviflorum filaments
flowers only 1-3 in. long, with narrow lanceolate acuminate sepals, an
about twice as long as the anthers.

3. D. Leschenaultianum, Don i» Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. m
perianth-segments broadly oblong acute or acuminate base saccate. 338;
Enum. iv. 207 ; Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 590 ; Thwaites Enum. e
Wight Ic. v. 2048; Bot. Mag. t. 6935. D. ceylanicum and myso
Wight Ic. t. 2049, Uvularia Leschenaultiana, Wall. Cat. 5089.

The WESTERN GHATS ; from Canara southwards. CEYLON, alt. 4-7000 f and

Stem 1-2 ft., branched above, Leares mostly shortly petioled, 2- Towers
broadly ovate or oblong-ovate, acuminate, but very variable in breadth. bscorely
quite white, in 3-5-fld. umbels. Perianth 3 in. long ; segments obtuse, 0

Disporum.] CLVI. LILIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 361

ciliate. Filaments about as long as the anthers or longer.—Wight figures the
perianth segments of his three species as acute or acuminate. His ceylanicum is
intermediate between his other two, but has the smaller flowers of mysorense. His
figure of Leschenaultianum resembles a broad-leaved pullum. The Bot. Mag. plate of
Leschenaultianum has the broad sepals of Wight’s mysorense, but the large flowers
of the type Royle’s figure of the Kumaon plant referred to Leschenaultianum is
80 bad that I refrain from citing it.

33. CLINTONIA, Raf.

Rootstock creeping. Leaves subradical, narrow, costate. Scape naked
or lleaved. Flowers in terminal umbels or racemes, rarely solitary ; bracts
wear or 0. Perianth funnel-shaped, deciduous; segments 6, subequal.
Stamens 6, inserted on the base of the segments, filaments filiform ; anthers
dorsifixed, subextrorse. Ovary 3-celled; style columnar, stigma thickened ;
cells 2- or more-ovuled. Berry fleshy, at length loculicidal. Seeds 2 or
Jr, ovoid or obtusely angled; testa appressed, brown or pale; albumen
ard; embryo minute.—Species 8, Temperate Asiatic and N. American.

P alpina, Kunth Enum. v. 159; leaves obovate to oblanceolate cus-
Pidate or acuminate, scape leafless and pedicels pubescent, perianth-
qouents oblanceolate 5-7-nerved. Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 585.
milacina alpina, Royle D. 380.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, alt. 8-11,000 ft; from Garwhal to Sikkim, alt.

000 ft., and Bhotan.
eo few, 4-9 by 2-4 in., suberect, glabrous; nerves many, slender. Scape
stra; m., slender ; flowers loosely racemose or the upper umbellate; pedicels 1-1 in.,

"in ight, fruiting elongate curved ; bracts caducous. Perianth 4-4 in. long, white.

Vos included, anthers small. Ovary ovoid; style short, 3-toothed. Berry

; ID. diam., many-seeded; fruiting pedicels 1-14 in., distant, upcurved.— The
"Tee C. udensis, F. & M., hardly differs.

94. TRILLIUM, Linn.

Rootstock creeping, annulate. Stem simple, erect, base sheathed. Leaves
Serial at or above the middle of the stem, 3-5-nerved and reticulate.
fre solitary, sessile or pedicelled. Perianth persistent ; segments 6.
8 : spreading. Stamens 6, inserted on the base of the segments, filaments
ee? anthers basifixed, cells bordering the connective, slits lateral. Ovary
tlg or subglobose, 3.celled; style 3-fid or 3-partite, arms recurved
l Smatose within; cells many-ovuled. Berry fleshy. Seeds ovoid, witha
few Hie ey strophiole, albumen fleshy ;.embryo minute.— Species 12, a

malayan, Chinese and Japanese, the rest N. American.

LT. Gova ` : ly petioled ovate
nianum, Wall. Cat. 812; leaves shortly petiole

93 Ovate-cordate acute, sepals subequal narrowly linear. Royle TU. 384, t.
Te rillidium Govanianum, Kunth Enum. v. 120. l

911,000 qam Himataya; from Kashmir, alt. 8-10,000 ft., to Sikkim, alt.

las T; Tschonoskii, Mazim. in Bull. Acad. Petersb. xxix. (1884) 218 ;
98 sessile broadly subrhomboidally ovate or orbicular cuspidately
minate, sepals green oblong-lanceolate, petals similar dull purple.
re Himataya, alt. 10-11,000 ft, J. D. H., Clarke. BHOTAN and the
> Grifith — DrsrRIB. Japan.

362 CLVI. LILIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Trillium.

Stem 8-12 in. Leaves 2-3 in. broad and long or narrower. Pedunele in.
Flowers 2-1 in, diam. ; filaments flat, rather longer than the linear anther. style
very short.—This, which differs from the American and Japanese T. erectum chiefly
in the longer filaments, will (with others) prove, I expect, a form of that variable
species.

35. PARIS, Linn.

Characters of Trillium, but leaves 4-9 in a whorl, and flowers 8-12-
merous. Species 5 or 6, Europe, Temp. Asia.

3. P. polyphylla, Smith in Rees Cyclop.; leaves 4-9 petioled oblong
or oblanceolate acuminate, sepals 4-6 ovate-lanceolate acuminate, petals
as long or longer filiform, fruit 3-6-valved, testa pulpy. Don Prodr. 49;
Kunth Enum. v. 118; Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 24, t. 126; Cat. 3710;
Hook. f. Ic. Cathcart, t. 24. P. Daisua, Herb. Ham. P. imperialis,
Jacquem. mss. Euthyra, Salisb. Gen. Pl. Fragm. 61.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA; from Simla to Bhotan, alt. 6-10,000 ft.—DISTRIB.
W. China. . ft.

Rootstock annulate, sometimes as large as a small potato. Stem 3 in. to 3 á
Leaves 3-6 in., dark green, base rounded or acute; petiole 4 in. or less. Sepals 1
in., green, 3-nerved. Petals sometimes twice as long, yellow. Anthers longer
than the filament, very narrow, connective very shortly produced or not. | Ovary
subglobose, septa nearly reaching the axis. Fruit green, smooth, 2j in. diam., ir
less, coriaceous, loculicidal. Seeds 4 in. long, or less, ovoid, scarlet.—Extremely
variable in the number and size of all parts.

Orver CLVII. PONTEDERIACEZ.

Fresh-water and marsh herbs. Leaves erect or floating, nerves parallel.
Flowers, bisexual, in spikes or racemes from the sheath of the uP Pte
most leaf; bracts sheathing irregular. Perianth unequally nat
white or blue, marcescent. Stamens 1-6, inserted at the base of the lo 8;
anthers erect or versatile, one usually longer than the others. Qvary M
3-celled, or l-celled with 3 parietal placentas; placentas one OF more
ovuled; style slender, stigma subentire or lobed; ovules anatropons
Capsule membranous, loculicidally 3-valved. Seeds small, albumen horny
or floury ; embryo cylindric.—Genera 5, species about 36.

MONOCHORIA, Presi.

Rootstock short or creeping. Leaves radical and solitary at the top of
the emerged stem or branches. Perianth campanulate, 6-partite. See

6, one usually largest, with the filament toothed on one side;
basifixed, slit terminal at length elongating. Ovary 3-celled, many-
—Species about 6, in the tropics of the old world.

ovuled.

1. M. hasteefolia, Presl Rel. Henk. ii. 128; rootstock creeping, lenve
long-petioled sagittate hastate or cordate, flowers racemed or subumbela
long-pedicelled. Kunth Enum. iv. 133; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. m. Y tata
M. hastata, Solms Laub. in A.DC. Monog. Phanerog. iv. 523. M. dien
& sagittata, Kunth l. c. 134. Pontederia hastata, Linn. Fl. Zeyl. 5092 ;
Mant. 363; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 121; Cor. Pl. ii. 6, t. 63; Wall. Cat. 7-9
Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 249; Raspail in Ann. Mus. xiv. t. 169, £.

AMonochoria.] CLVII. PONTEDERIACER. (J. D. Hooker.) 363

P. saggitata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 124; Wall. Cat. 5093. P. dilatata, Andrews

ot. Rep. vii. t. 490; Buch. Ham. in Symes Embass. 475 with plate; Roxb.
Le.198; Wall. Cat. 4094. P. sagittitolia, Herb. Heyne.

Common throughout INDIA and CEYLON.—DISTRIB. Malay Islands, China.

Rootstock spongy ; flowering stems short. Zeaves 6-7 by 5-6 in., obtuse or
acute, many-nerved ; petiole of the floral leaf tumid above and embracing the
short scape, of the radical 18-24 in., broad and sheathing at the base. Inflorescence
centrifugal; flowers long-pedicelled, 2-1 in. diam., violet-blue dotted with red;
pedicels 1 in. or less; larger sepal obovate, smaller oblong. Filament spurred.
Large anther blue, the others yellow. Capsule } in. diam., subglobose or oblong.

2. M. vaginalis, Presl Relig. Henk. ii. 128; rootstock short, leaves
long-petioled, from linear to ovate and ovate-cordate, flowers short-
celled subspicate. Kunth Enum. iv. 134; Solms Laub. in A.DC. Monogr.
Phanerog, iv. 924; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 548. Pontederia vaginalis,
Linn. Mant. 228; Roch. Fl. Ind. ii. 121; Cor. Pl. ii. t. 110; Wall. Cat.
9005; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 243. —Rheede Hort. Mal. ii. t. 44.
Throughout INDIA; from Kashmir eastwards to Assam and southwards to
Travancore and Singapore. CEYLON common.—DisTRiB. Malay Islands, China,
Japan, Trop. Africa, .
Rootstock suberect (creeping, Roxburgh). Leaves much as in M. hastefolia,
ut few-nerved, Inflorescence centripetal, few- or many-fld. ; flowers blue, sprinkled
with red, very variable in size, pedicels shorter than the perianth. Filaments and
anthers as in’ M, hastefolia.—A most variable plant.
" Var, plantaginea, Solms Laub. l. c.; smaller, leaves often narrow, raceme
*w-üd. M, pauciflora, Kunth ó^ Miquel ll. ee, M. linearis, Mig. l.c. Pontederia
plantaginea, Zoch, 1. c. 123; Wall. Cat. 5096. P. pauciflora, Blume Enum, Fl.

4.1.32, p. racemosa, Herb. Ham. —1India, Java.

Orper CLVIIIL. PHILYDRACEZ.

„Erect herbs. Leaves narrowly linear. Flowers small, in bracteate
Spikes or panieles, bisexual, irregular. Perianth inferior, 2-partite; seg-
ments antero-posterior, petaloid, persistent. Stamen 1, inserted on the
: æ of the anterior segment, filament flattened; anther straight or
Hate: staminodes 2, alternate with the sepals, small, petaloid. Ovary
styl celled, or 1-celled with 3 projecting parietal many-ovuled placentas ;
hi € terminal, Stigma entire ; ovules anatropous. Capsule loculicidal, 3-
! Ved. Seeds many, small, albumen fleshy, embryo minute.—Genera 3,
Pecies 4, Asiatic, Australian and Pacific.

PHILYDRUM, Banks.
Spike simple. Anthers at length twisted. Ovary l-celled.

P, lanu -s in Qærtn. Fruct. i. 62, t. 10, f. 10; Kunth
^ en üi. ënn awe sg, in Trans. Linn. Soc. viii. 342,
|? ; Miquel Fi. Ind. Bat. iii. 950; Guillem. Ic. Pl. Austral. t.5; Benth.

frai, vii, 74; Caruel in A.DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iii. 2; Schleid. A
"d in Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. xix. 40, f. 1; Griff. Notul. iii, 281; Ic.
* Asiat, t, 269, 270. Garciana cochinchinensis, Lour. Fl. Cochin. i. 15.

NIE, the ANDAMAN IsLANDS and the MaLAY PENINSULA.— DISTRIB. China,
tuds, Australia,

964 CLVHI. PHILYDRACEA. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Philydrum.

A tall stout herb, 2-3 ft., more or less woolly; stem simple or nearly so. bane
1-2 ft., distichous and equitant at the base, ensiform, upper passing into lanceola »
bracts. Spike 1-2 ft., simple or branched, woolly ; bracts 1-2.-fld. ; elf eee
yellow, à in. diam. Sepals hairy, many-nerved, margins subinvolute in bud. Bn
as long as the sepals, filament flattened, acute; anther transverse; stamin neg r
connate with the filament. Ovary 1-celled, placentas broadly 2-lobed, ovu p Ze 7
many ; stigma broad, 3-angled. Capsule oblong. Seeds narrowly oblong, stri
and tuberculate, chalaza black, funicle short pale.

OrpveR CLIX. XYRIDEZ.

Tufted rigid herbs. Leaves radical, linear or subulate. Scape simple,
naked. Flowers sessile in the rigid dark brown imbricating Wach gë
terminal head or spike, bisexual. Bracteoles (sepals?) 3, deci dorsal
scarious, embracing the claws of the petals, 2 lateral, 1 broader ilow
often hooded. Petals 3, clawed, claw erect spreading, limb golden e T
marcescent. Stamens 3, inserted at the bases of the petals, inclu ate
anthers sagittate; staminodes 3, alternating with the inner ett
filiform, bearded or antheriferous, sometimes 0. Ovary free, Wee at te
3-celled ; placentas 3, many-ovuled, basal and confluent or parieta de
trifid, stigmas capitate or dilated; ovules anatropous. Capsule eg
dally 5-valved, or with the top circumsciss. Seeds numerous, T Pis)
albumen flowery, embryo minute.—Genera 2, species about 50, one (Xy
found in all warm regions ; the other American.

XYRIS; Linn.

-—

Characters of the Order.
* Leaves distinctly flat.

. 1 d,

l. X. indica, Linn. Sp. Pl. 62; robust, leaves loriform F in. or
scape stout deeply grooved, spike ovoid or globose, bracts or M ari, in
cuneately obovate. Vahl Enum. ii. 204; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i 179 oe B, C;
Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iti, 30; Kunth Enum. iv. 20; Wall. Cat, 6086 B, Gj
Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 259; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 528; Steud. Syn
Cyp. 288,—Rheede Hort. Mal. ix. t. 7. Huts

BENGAL, in low marshes, at the foot of the SIKKIM, Assam and peris pel -
southward to MALACCA and from the South Concan (in salt marshes) to UF
Disrris. Malay Islands. ike )-À in

Leaves 1-2 ft., spongy, obtuse. Scape as long, acutely angled. Span long,
bracts } in. broad, few or many, dark red brown, shining, broader erose.
margins scarious ; bracteoles linear-spathulate, smooth. Petals orbicular,

" nd
2. X. robusta, Mart. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar, ii. 30; leaves scape 5,
spike of X. indica, but bracts broadly ovate-oblong longer SOT.
all. Cat. 6087. Kunth Enum. iv. 19; Steud. Syn. Pl. Cyp. 987.
SinHET; Wallich. also
Apparently distinct from X. indica in the form of the bracts ; probably
in other characters that are not available in the few dried specime
disposal.

. a. A in.
3. X. anceps, Lamk. Ill. i. 132; leaves narrowly poen do ed
broad rigid twisted much shorter than the flattened or 2-edged 8T

Ayris.] CLIX. XYRIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 365

scape, margins smooth or scaberulous, spike ovoid-oblong, bracts orbicular
+ Vahl Enum. ii. 205; Kunth Enum. iv. 17; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. iii.
29; Steud. Syn. Pl. C ip. 287. X. Walkeri, Arn. in Wight Cat. 2373;
Kunth l. c. 19; Miquel l. c. Suppl. 608. X. indica altera. Vahl Symb. iii.
7, X. malaccensis, Steud. 1. c. 287.—Xyris No. 2, Griff. Notul. iii. 123.
Sandy places, often near the sea. BURMA, Grifith. SINGAPORE and MALACCA,
Ve, SOUTH DECCAN PENINSULA and CEYLON, Wight, &c.—DisrRIB. Borneo,

Densely tufted. Leaves 6-12 by 455-1 in., very rigid, pungent, strongly grooved
on both faces, pale green. Scape 1-23 ft., slender, rigid. Spike 3-4 in., rarely
globose ; lateral bracteoles ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, tip lacerate, keel spinulose.
Petals toothed.

£ X. Wallichii, Kunth Enum. iv. 16; dwarf, leaves gladiate 3-6 by
+4 in. broad acuminate flaccid as long as the slender compressed scape,
‘pike very small, bracts few obovate-oblong obtuse. Steud. Syn. Pl. Cyp.

Xyris, No. 1, Griff. Notul. iii. 123; Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 161 C.—Wall.
Cat. 6083 C.

Kuasta Hrrzs, alt, 4-6000 ft., Wallich, Ae, BURMA, at Moulmein, Lobb.

A slender flaccid loosely tufted species. Leaves few, often falcate, bright pale
green, faintly striate, Scape usually filiform, rarely stout. Spike i-j in. ; bracts
a brown with pale midrib and margins; bracteoles subequal, red-brown, with
Mu midrib and pale margins; lateral spathulately oblanceolate, obtuse, quite
Slabrous, Petals oblong, suberenate. Style very long.

` mm Leaves usually less than à in. broad, not distinctly flattened (except
"forms of X. pauciflora).

5. X. schænoides, Mart. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 30; leaves
narrowly linear acuminate much shorter than the very slender striate com-
essed scape, spike globose or ovoid, bracts broadly oblong obtuse outer
imiy as long as the inner. Wall. Cat. 6084, and 6083 in part ; Kunth
geg lv. 16; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 529; Steud. Sun. Pl. Cyp. 287. X.

^garensis, Steud. Plant, Exsice. Nilg. Hohenack. No. 956.

cg ENK Wallich. Kuasta and Nizeurri Hiris, alt. 4-6000 ft., common.

YLON, ascending to 6000 tt.,—Disrris. China.

12 fts 2-10 in., slender, A A in. broad, tapering from the base to the tip. Scape

» stout, Spike 4-4 in. diam. : bracts almost rounded, back brown, keeled
havea the rounded tip ; lateral bracteoles oblanceolate, acuminate, dorsal ovate-
ate,

6. X. pauciflora, Willd. Phytogr. i. 2, t. 1, £.1; Sp. Pli. 255; leaves
thar wy linear rigid acute smooth" or scaberulous equalling or shorter
glos, e Striate subterete or compressed and 2-edged scape, spike ovoid or
Eny Se, bracts orbicular-obovate pale thin with often a green tip. Vahl
ges 4 n, 207; Br, Prodr. 256; Mart. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 29; Cat.
Syn ei B (C & D, in part), and 6086 B; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 529 ; Steud.
Steu l. Cyp. 287. X. oryzetorum, Mig. im Herb. Hohenack. n. 369;
d. l c, 286,

Foot of th iB
€ HIMALAYA, in marshes, from Nepal eastwards to BENGAL an BURMA,
Australia wards to MALACCA and CEYLON, — DisrRiB. Malaya, China and

366 CLIX. XYRIDEX. (J. G. Baker.) [Xyris.

Leaves 3-8 in., rarely } in. broad, strongly nerved, scaberulous on the surface or
margin or neither. Spike }—} in. long and broad, rarely ovoid. Lateral bracteoles
oblanceolate, acuminate, keeled, hyaline, quite glabrous.—Part of Wallich’s 6083 D
is Fimbristylis tetragona, Br. Small specimens with small spikes resemble X.
bancana, and there are Mergui specimens collected by Griffith and Lobb with leaves
6-10 by 3—} in. and scape 6-24 in.

7. X. bancana, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 608 ; dwarf, leaves 1-2 in.
filiform smooth flexuous rigid much shorter than the filiform flexuous
smooth compressed scape, spike very small ovoid, bracts few obovate
obtuse. ;

Matacca, in sandy places near the sea, Griffith, Maingay ; Pahang, Ridley.—
Distris. Banca. .

Resembles a small form of X. pauciflora, but much more slender and rigid,
filiform scape. Leaves , in. broad, grooved. Spike j-i in.; bracts pale, inner
hardly exceeding the outer. Lateral bracteoles linear-lanceolate, strongly ciliate,
keel toothed.

gid, with

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.

8. X. LAPPACEA, Herb. Heyne ew Mart. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii, 30; Wall. Cat.
6085; Kunth Enum. iv. 16; Steud. Syn. Pl. Cyp. 287.—There is no specimen m
Wallich’s Herbarium, only the empty sheet, with his number anda ticket of Heyne š
inscribed “ Xyris capensis, Restiac. 28,” across which Wallich has written “ Return.
—The inference is that the specimen was lent to Martius with the others of the
genus and possibly never returned. The reference to capensis makes me suspect
that it is X. anceps, which strongly resembles and may be the same as a Cape
species.

OrpeR CLX. COMMELINACEJE.

Herbs, rarely climbing or undershrubs. Leaves costate, bases sheathing»
nerves parallel, Inflorescence various. Flowers usually bisexual, more de
less irregular. Perianth inferior, 6-partite ; 3 outer segments herbaceot!
often persistent, 3 inner petaloid, free or united in a tube below, marcesceno
spreading. Stamens 6, inserted on the base of the segments, all anther,
ferous or 2 or more reduced to staminodes, filaments often bearded Wé
jointed hairs; anthers oblong or globose, often dissimilar. Ovary ` a
2-3-celled; style terminal, stigma small; ovules l or few in theinner ang d
of the cells, orthotropous. Capsule loculicidal or iudehiscent. wen
angled, testa smooth or rugose, albumen floury ; embryo minute, far iro
the hilum.— Genera 25, species about 300, tropical and subtropical.

The specific characters, synonyms, &c , are drawn up, with permission, fop

C. B. Clarke's careful and exhaustive ** Monograph of this Order" MS the

of A. de Candolle’s Monographs (p. 113 and seq.), 1881. I have add f the
diagnoses a few subsidiary characters that may aid in the recognition 9
species,
Tribe I. Portex. Fruit indehiscent, crustaceous.
Panicle terminal, of scorpioid cymes . . . . . . . . . 1. POLIA.
with

Tribe II. Commetinrx. Capsule loculicidal. Stamens 3 perfect,
1-3 stamincdes.

CLX. OOMMELINACEE, (J. D. Hooker.) 367

Cymes solitary, included in a spathe. Ovary 3-celled, cells
FZovued. . . . . . . . .. a . 2. COMMELINA.
Cymes naked, panicled, rarely in a spathe . . . . . . . 3. ANEILEMA,

Tribe ITI. TRADECANTIE X. Capsule loculicidal. Stamens 6 perfect.

Cymes capitate. Petals free . . . . .. .. . . « 4 FORRESTI.

ymes from imbricating bracts, scorpioid or 1-few-fld. Corolla
tubular below. . . . . . e... s. o. s. 5. . . 5. CYANOTIS.

es scorpioid, panicled or spicate. Stem twining . . . 6. STREPTOLIRION.
Flowers panicled. Stem erect e... s. ew s. s. s. ee 7. FLoscopA.

1. POLLIA, Thumb.

Large herbs. Leaves lanceolate. Cymes in à terminal panicle. Sepals

9. Petals smaller, subequal, obovate. Stamens 6, or3 with 3 staminodes,

filaments naked; anther-cells parallel. Ovary 3-celled ; cells 2-00 -ovuled.

F, rut globose or ovoid, fragile, blue. Seeds smooth.—Species about 14,
- Asiatic and Australian.

l. P. Aclisia, Hassk. Commel. Ind. 55; tall, robust, panicle erect
lax-fid., stamens 6 perfect, fruit subglobose, cells many-seeded. Clarke
Monogr. 123; Comm. & Cyrt. Beng. t. 32. P. indica B, Clarke in Journ.

an. Soc. Bot. xi. 451. Aclisia No. 2, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T.

Tropica EASTERN HIMALAYA; Nepal and Sikkim, alt. 2-3000 ft.; Bhotan,
Grifith, Kunasa Mrs., SILHET, AssaM, BURMA:—DISTRIB. Java, Tonkin, ` —
stout, erect. Leaves 8-12 by 23-34 in., narrowed into a broad petiole,
neeolate or oblanceolate, caudate-acuminate, glabrous or scaberulous, margins
bee: Peduncle short, stout, villous; panicle rigid, pubescent; bracts oblong ;
ve acute, amplexicaul, Sepals membranous and petals white. Seeds brown,
"iepel and angled. Fruit 3 in. diam., bright blue, shining.

2. P thyrsifior ; icle short dense-fld.,
. a, Endl. Gen. 1029; panicle sho |

jamens 6 perfect, fruit. ellipsoid, cells many-seeded. Hassk. in Plant.
due 150, & Comm. Ind. 57; Clarke Comm. & Oyrt. Beng. t. 33; Monogr.
"s P. glaucescens, Teysm. & Binnend. in Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind. xxiv. 305.
pi descantia thyrsiflora, Blume Enum. i. 6. Lamprocarpus thyrsiflorus,

m € Schultes f. Syst. vii., Addend. 1726.

UTH ANDAMAN Istanps, Kurz.— DisTRIB. Malay Islands.
Stem Stout, erect, creeping below ; sheaths pubescent. Leaves 10-12 by 24-3)
» Oblanceolate, narrowed into a 1-2 in. petiole, glabrous, margins erisped.
le stout and ovoid panicle pubescent; bracts ovate; branches closely
3 flowers crowded, Fruit yellow-brown or blue, smooth, dorsally com-

in,
sca

pressed
^ 3. P. Sorzogonensis, Endl. Gen. 1029; leaves lanceolate, panicle
void Peduncled, branches alternate, stamens 3 perfect, fruit globose, cells

sony veeded, Miquel FI. Ind. Bat. iii. 541; Clarke Monogr. 126. Aclisia
Tad frend, E. Meyer Fé Prosl Rel. Haenk. i. 138, t. 25; Hask. Comm.

Eastery HIMALAYA ; Sikkim and Bhotan, and southward to BURMA, MALACCA

and Cxyrox . H
-—Distris. Malay Islands, China, New Caledonia. .
Stout, erect, viscid. "Tv eaves 6-10 by 2-3 in., subsessile or shortly-petioled,

368 OLX. COMMELINACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Pollia

glabrous or scaberulous above. Peduncle villous with deflexed hairs ; panicle viscid'y
pubescent ; bracts oblong, persistent. Sepals elliptic, glabrous or puberulous. Petai g
white or pale pink. Fruit as in P. Aclisia.—The Indian forms occur uncer
varieties. ,

Var. indica; leaves subsessile caudate-acuminate glabrous or puberulous beneath,
pedicels viscid, sepals persistent, the posterior pendulous. P. indica, Thwaites ege
323. Aclisia indica, Wight Ic. t. 2068; Hassk. Commelin. Ind. AL A. elegan,
Hassk. PL Jungh. 49; Comm. Ind. 50. Commelina secundiflora, Blume mE .
Aneilema secundiflorum, Kunth Enum. iv. 69.—The Deccan Peninsula and Ceylon.
—Java. .

Var. gigantea ; panicle corymbosely-dichotomous, branches panicled at the tips
1-2 lower branches elongate. `P. indica, var. A, Clarke in Journ. Linn. p h)
xi. 451. P. japonica, Hance in Trimen Journ. Bot. 1878, 233 (not si Comm.
Aclisia gigantea, Hassk. Commelin. Ind. 46. A. indica, Herb. Wt. J Clar e os
d: Cut, Beng. t.29. Aneilema didymum, Wall. Cat. 5202.—From Sikkim eastw
and southwards,—China.

4 P. subumbellata, Clarke in Journ.. Linn. Soc. Bot. xi e
Monogr. 129; panicle sessile depressed, branches subumbellately ds ta,
stamens 3 perfect, capsule globose, cells many-seeded. Aclisia umbe Wa D
Clarke Comm. & Cyrt. Beng. t. 30. Aneilema reniforme, Ham. tn Or. H.
Cat. 5205. Aneilema, sp. Wall. Caf. 9070. A. sp. 3, Herb. Ind. Orv
f.& T. Dictyospermum Wightii, var. robustum, Hassk. Commenn. P
19.

EASTERN HIMALAYA; Sikkim, the Bhotan and Mishmi hills, ascending to
6000 ft. Assam, SILHET, CACHAR and MUNNIPORE. 1-2 in.

Stem creeping and rooting below, then suberect. Leaves 3-4 by faces.
petioled, elliptic-lanceolate, caudate-acuminate, scaberulous on both S Geng,
Panicle puberulous; bracts small; bracteoles amplexicaul, persistent, E "en,
Sepals rounded, glabrous, enclosing the globose blue fruit which is 3m
Petals white, Seeds trapezoid, dorsally much flattened, brown, smooth.

5. P. pentasperma, Clarke Monogr. 129; panicle peduncled gien
lanceolate, stamens 3 perfect, frait ovoid narrowed into a long beak ac? s
cells 1-2-seeded. Kohima,

Kuasta HILLS; at Shillong, alt. 4000 ft., Clarke. MUNNIPORE; ON
alt. 6000 ft., Clarke. . ly-petioled;

Stem erect; sheaths long, pubescent. Leaves 3-6 by 14-24 in., shortly one and
caudate-acuminate, elliptic, acute at both ends, slightly scaberulous a° bracts
pubescent beneath. Peduncle pubescent with deflexed hairs, subumbellate crescen a
oblong; bracteoles imbricate, ochreate, persistent. Sepals puberulous, acc Poth,
Fruit 4 in. long including the beak, which is as long as the body, hard, 8
brown, shining. Seeds much compressed, rugulose.

2. COMMELINA, Linn.
usually 2-fid

: . ` -shaped
s, em i or funnel
cymes, emerging one at atime from a terminal complicate deciduous, °

one larger and often clawed. Stamens 3 perfect, and 2-3 imperfect; wal ,
oblong, one usually largest. Ovary 3-rarely 2-celled, 2 cells 1- - ticon8
third cell if present 1-ovuled or empty. Capsule loculicidal, the Piate in-
cell sometimes indehiscent or 0, or the 2 anticous cells empty con?

Commelina.] OLX. COMMELINACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 369

dehiscent and forming a persistent ligulate body, from which the posticous
lsaway. Seeds ellipsoid or angled, reticulate pitted or rugose.—Species
about 90, all tropical and subtropical.
C. cælestis, Willd., a handsome robust pubescent or tomentose large-fld. species,
à native of Mexico, is cultivated in gardens, and occurs as an escape at Darjiling
and probably elsewhere.

Subgen. 1. Didymoon, Clarke. Two anticous cells of the ovary
2ovuled, posticous 1-ovuled or obsolete.

Sect. I. EUCOMMELINA. Capsule 3-celled, two anticous cells loculicidal,
tach usually 2-seeded ; the posticous keeled, deciduous, at length dehiscent,
l-seeded ; seeds free in the cells. Petals blue.

* Spathes complicate, margin free or connate at the very base only.

l. C. nudiflora, Linn. Sp. Pl. 41 (not of others) ; leaves lanceolate,
Hehe peduncled ovate-lanceolate complicate, seeds cylindric reticulate
black. C. communis, Walt. Fl. Carol. 68; Wall. Cat. 8978, D, E, C;
Kunth Enum, iv. 36 (Exel. Syn.); Clarke Comm. & Cyrt. Beng. t. i.;

QUT. 144, t. i.f. 5, 6. C. cwspitosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 174, Ed. Wall.
f Carey, L 178. O. diffusa, Burm. Fl. Ind. 18, t. 7, f. 2. C. agraria, Kunth
:6 38; Hassk. Commelin. Ind. 26; Webb & Berthel. Phyt. Canar. ii. 356,
238; Seub, in Mart. Fl. Bras. ii. i. 261, t. 36, f. 3. C. salicifolia, Bojer
rp Maurit, 360; Thwaites Enum. 321 (in part). C. longicaulis,
Fa ee iii. 234, t. 294. C. deficiens, Flor. des Serres, t. 1824 (not of

gy roughont the hotter parts of INDIA from the PansaB to CEYLON and
SAPORE.— DISTRIB. tropics and subtropics. i Lie:
glab creeping and rooting at the nodes or subscandent. Leaves 13-3 by 5 d ol
: Tous scaberulous or puberulous, ciliate. Spathes 3-1 in., acute, base roun le d
Sn ate, glabrous or pubescent, striate; peduncle 3~$ in., cymes 2, branches 1-3-fld.

aller petals blue, outer pale or white,

leavag l ensis, lar ke omm. & ( yyrt. Beng. t. 6 H Monogr. 147 3

SSC d Kuasi4 Hirrs, alt. 3-4000
A, Griffith IMALAYA, alt. 2-4000 ft. J. D. H. an

—} in., base unequal

Stem sle . . i
em slender, widely creeping and rooting. Leaves 2-3 by 4 base cordate ;

lly rounded inate
- Spathes 11-2 in., glabrous or nearly so, acuminate,
uncles 1.3 in.; cymes 2.fid upper branch 6-12-üd. Petals blue. Capsules 4-8.

Puberulous, brown black.

3. €. sub - , 1 linear, spathes

` ulata, Roth Nov. Sp. 23; slender, leaves » Spat
n Smal] subsessile ovate-lanceolate falcate complicate, seeds pyramidal
tiasa uU "rLe Monogr. 148; Wall. Cat. 8979. C. striata, & C. subanran-
Le 43 chat. mss.; Kunth Enum. iv. 44 & 658. C. linearifolia, Kuns
Um ` Tradescantia triflora, Heyne in Herb. Rottl.: Schultes f. Syst. vu.

The Dec fri
CAN Pen Vi —DisTRIB. Trop. Africa. — .
8i INSULA, Heyne, Wight, Ze li
SCH erect from a fibrous roo "Än branched. Leaves M by i AA
Villous) y d, pe often hooked, nearly glabrous; sheaths very short, Ent base
we? * Spathes 4 in, long, scattered or clustered, acute, p sb!

370 CLX. COMMELINACEZ,. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Commelina.

cordate. Flowers small, orange-purple or violet. Capsules 2 on each raceme,
small, 3-5-seeded, dorsal valve at length 2-partite. Seeds puberulous, deeply
transversely grooved.

4. C. salicifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 172, Ed. Carey § Wall. i. 176;
leaves linear-lanceolate, spathes peduncled lanceolate complicate, seeds
globose smooth truncate appendiculate. Clarke Comm. Ar Cyrt. Beng. t.
2 (not of Bojer); Monogr. 157? Hassk. Commelin. Ind. 27. C. pedanculoss
Link Jahrb. iii. 74 (in part). C. communis, Wall. Cat. 8978 C, D, F, G,
(in part, not of Linn.).

From AssAM and BENGAL, southward and westward to the CONCAN and
CoROMANDEL.—DiIsTRIB. Java ? Hong Kong. . 1

Stem slender, diffuse, with long internodes. Leaves 3-6 by 3-4 in. neary
glabrous, sheaths ciliolate. Spathes 11-2 in., axillary, solitary, acute or acuminate,

base rounded; branches of cyme 1-2-fld. Flowers small, dark blue. Seeds black,
powdered with white.

5. C. Hasskarlii, Clarke Comm. & Cyrt. Beng. t. 5; Monogr. m
stem much branched glabrous or pubescent, leaves narrowly lanceo en
subacute, spathes peduncled cordate glabrous scabrid or hispid complica :
seeds cylindric-conic smooth not appendaged. C. salicifolia, var. brevi
folia, Herb. Ind. Or. Hf. & T. C. communis, Wall. Cat. 8978 F. (in
part).

The Upper Gangetic PLAIN; Kumaon and from Delhi eastward to e
p» Bengal, and southward to the Deccan PENINSULA. Marwa, on Mt. Abo,

uthie.

Stem much branched, scabrid or glabrate. Leaves 1-3 by 4-3 in., subacute al
obtuse, sheaths short, glabrous or sparsely ciliate. Spathes 4-1 in., Wi MA
scattered, base rounded, longer than their peduncle ; cymes pubescent, upper ra
2—4, lower 1-2-fld. Seeds truncate at one end, subacute at the other.

** Spathe funnel-shaped or hooded.

6. C. benghalensis, Linn. Sp. Pl. 41; stem glabrous or pu
cent, leaves elliptic-ovate obtuse, or tip rounded, spathes 1-9 toge e
turbinate base auricled on one side, capsule 5-seeded, seeds ragon .
Clarke Comm. & Cyrt. Beng. t. 4; Monogr. 159; Wall. Cat. 8980 A 3i
D, E, F, G (in part); Hassk. Comm. Ind. 98, 29; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat
533. Wight Ic. t. 2065. O. nervosa, Burm. Fl. Ind. 18, t. 7, f. di
cucullata, Linn. Mant. 176. C. mollis, Jacq. Collect. iii. 235 ; Ic. Rar.
293. C. canescens, Vahl Enum. ii. 173; Webb & Berth. Plyt. Canar p
358, t. 239. C. turbinata, Vahl l.c. 171. C. procurrens, Belli:
Linnæa xxiv. 656, xxv. 183; Regel Gartenfl. ii. t. 104, iv. 44; eg f.
Mart. Fl. Bras. iii. i. 266. C. prostrata, Regel l c. 1868, 289, t. 104
1 (not of H, B, K). C. delicatula, Schlecht. in Regel L c. iti. 349, t, a"

Throughout INDIA; ascending to 6000 ft. in the Himalaya, —DISTRIB. TP
Asia and Africa, : tioled,

Stem creeping and rooting below. Leaves 1-3 by }-1} in., sessile or PP
base suddenly contracted or rounded; sheaths pubescent or villous, often pranch
or ciliate. Spathes 4-4 in. long and broad, pubescent or hirsute; upper mem”
of cymes 2-3-fld., lower 1-2.fld. or suppressed. Flowers blue. Capsule
branous, shining, dorsal value striolate. Seeds closely pitted.

. 2-

Sect. 2. HETEROCARPUS, Clarke. Capsule 3-celled, lateral ee fi
seeded, dehiscent, dorsal nof keeled, 1-seeded, indehiscent, de
seed free or adnate to the cell. Petals yellow, or blue.

Commelina. | CLX. COMMELINACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 371

. 7. C. hirsuta, Clarke Monogr. 163 ; dwarf, hirsute or glabrate, leaves
linear-lanceolate, spathes long-peduncled ovate-cordate:or lanceolate com-
plicate, capsule with the lateral cells empty, dorsal adnate to the ellipsoid
smooth seed. C. nilagirica, Steud. im Hohenack Pl. Ezsicc. p. 1916 (in
part). Heterocarpus hirsutus, Wight Ic. t. 2067.
Te pos PENINSULA; Belgaum, Ritchie; Nilghiri hills ascending to 6000 ft.
ight, de,
Stem 6-12 in., erect, branched from the base. Leaves 2-3 by 1-4 in., acute or
acuminate, more or less hirsute on both surfaces. Spathes 3-1 in., hirsute or
lous, acuminate, base cordate, peduncle 1-2 in. Flowers yellow, drying blue.
Capsule with the lateral valves linear, dorsal ellipsoid, subrugose.

8. C. glabra, Clarke Monogr. 163; nearly glabrous, leaves small
sessile narrowly oblong obtuse, spathes peduncled ovate-lanceolate com-
Pacate, capsule with the lateral cells linear empty, dorsal globose
membranous, seed free globose. Heterocarpus glaber, Wight Ic. t. 2067.

The SOUTHERN Deccan PENINSULA ; on low hills, Wight, de, .
rooting at the lower nodes, branched, slender, pubescent on one side.
Leaves 14-9 by $-3 in., glabrous, margins of the sheaths villous. Spathes 3-1 in.,
onger than their peduncle, glabrous pubescent or ciliate, acuminate, base deeply
cordate ; peduncle scaberulous. Flowers small, orange-yellow.

9. C. Forskalei, Vahl Enum. ii. 172; glabrate, leaves sessile
narrowly oblong obtuse, spathes ovate or orbicular shortly peduncled
complicate or hooded acute, capsule with the lateral cells 0-1-seeded,

rsal striate, seeds subglobose smooth. Clarke Monogr. 168; Hassk. in

rg Beitr. FI. Æthiop. 208. € faleata, Hassk. in Peter's Mossamb.

trop” Deccan PENINSULA; in the Concan, Jacquemont, &c.—DisTRIB. Afric.

Stem diffuse, rooting at the nodes. Leares 1-2 by $-i in. narrowed at the

Se, margins often undulate. Spathes } in., broader than long, often hispid, base

Leute, or broadly truncate. Petals blue. Seeds lead-colrd., appendage 0.—
555 suckers bear deformed capsules that ripen underground.

Sect. IIT. Dissrcocarrus, Clarke. Capsule 2-celled, rarely with a
dorsal cell which is empty or contains an imperfect seed; lateral cells 1-2-
Flowers blue or white.

Í 2 C. clavata, Clarke Comm. & Cyrt. Beng. t. 5, Monogr. 171, t. 2,
ov ; 8 abrous or puberulous, leaves ovate or lanceolate, spathes pedune ec
Mole anceolate acuminate complicate, seeds terete faintly reticulate. G
GN Thwaites Enum. 321 (in part). C. nilagirica, Steud. Pl.
yo auek, No. 1316 (in part). C. nov. sp. Miquel Plant. Exsice. Hohenack.
66. CG communis, Wall. Cat. 8978 L. (in part). l
Selm PENINSULA, from the Concan southwards, ascending to 6000 ft. in the
8t 1S, CEYLON common.— DrsTRIR. Java. l2. ate, base
rye, 18 ft., sparingly branched. Leaves 3-3 by 3-3 m., acuminate, ase
base wed. | Spathes 1-1} in., glabrous or pubescent, shorter than their p uncle
obl ; cymes on long capillary pedicels. Petals lilac. Capsutes y
"ee DE-quadrate, constricted in the middle. Seeds 4, nearly black, two lowe,
end cette t ten ossibly a variety of C. nudiflora, differing in the absent or empty
9t the capsule,
— = Hohenackeri, Clarke 1.c.; leaves oblong subacute, spathes smaller tip
Nilghiris (Hohenack. No. 1066).
B

372 OLX. COMMELINACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Commelina.

ll. C. persicariwfolia, Wight in Wall. Cat. 8984 (not of DC);
nearly glabrous, leaves large petioled ovate-cordate or lanceolate, spathes
broadly ovate-cordate peduncled complicate, seeds oblong terete smooth oo
obscurely rugose. Clarke Monogr. 171. C. paludosa, Burm. Thes. Zey o
t. 20, f. 2; Moon Cat. Pl. Ceyl. 5 (not of Blume). C. benghalensis, Wat.
Cat. 8980 H.

DECCAN PENINSULA, Rottler. Dindygul, Wight. CEYLON, Regnaud. base

Stems diffuse. Leaves 3-5 by 1-2 in., acuminate, glabrous or puberulous, o
rounded. Spathes 1 in., base truncate, peduncle as long. Capsule oblong, o ei

Var. B. geniculata, Clarke l.c. leaves narrowly oblong-lanceolate.—C. wall Ws
var. geniculata, Wall. Cat., 8978 N. Burma, at Segain.—Mixed in Watie
distribution with obliqua and Kurzii.

19. C. attenuata, Ken. mss. in Vahl Enum. ii. 168; glabrous or
hirsute, leaves small sessile linear or lanceolate, spathes peduncled ob ong
or ovate-lanceolate deeply cordate, capsule 1-celled, with 2 Parke
seeds truncate and appendaged at both ends, or 1 subglobose seed. U y^ h
Monogr. 172. C. rajmahalensis, Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. xi. Wé
Comm. & Gast, Beng. t. 7; Monogr. 179. C. repens, Rowb, in Heyne mss.
C. communis, Wall. Cat. 8978 B (in part).

BEHAR, CENTRAL INDIA, and the Deccan Penrnsvuxa in dry places common.
CEYLON, Walker. eiiim.

Stems 12-18 in., tufted, much branched, rather slender. Leaves 1-2 by La
obtuse or subacute, often complicate and usually recurved. Spathes 3-1; in. date.
or caudate-acuminate, longer than their peduneles, base auricled, deeply cor ther
Flowers small, blue. Capsule oblong-subquadrate, not constricted in the middle; or
mE with 2 superposed seeds, or with one subglobose seed, Seeds straw-CO T^»
ashy.

. Subgen. II. Monoon, Clarke. All the cells of the ovary 1-ovuled.
Sect. 4. TRITHYROCARPUS. Capsule 3-celled, subequally 3-valved.
Seeds free in the cells.

13. C. obliqua, Ham. in Don Prodr. 45 (not of Vahl); stem ri
leaves lanceolate, spathes subsessile solitary or crowded funnel-s ap
capsule trigonous obovoid, seeds ellipsoid compressed. Clarke Cot Te.
Cyrt. Beng. t. 9, 10, 11; Monogr. 178, t. 2, f£. 3. C. polyspatha, Wig ;
t. 2066. C. maculata, & C. striata, Edgew. in Trans. Linn Soc. 3085.
Wall. Cat. 8953 & 8981 (in part) C. seini-ovata, Ham. in Wall. Cat. ^L of
C. communis, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 171; Ed. Wall. Carey i. 175 (not 9
Linn.). C. Donii, Dietr. Sp. Pl. ii. 395. C. paludosa, Blume Enum.
Heterocarpus? obliquus, Hassk. Commelin. Ind. 7.

N
Throughout INpta, from the base of the Himalaya to 6000 ft. ; the WESTE?
Gunars and Singapore. CEYLON, not common.—DisTris. Malay Islds.
Stem tall, 2-3 ft. branched. Le«res very variable, 4-7 by 1-2 in., $
petioled, acute or caudate-acuminate, glabrous pubescent or villous beneath ; ane ;
$ in., margins often bearded, Spathes 3-1} in. long and broad, sessile or pe te with
usually in terminal heads, acute, glabrous scabrid villous or glandular-hirst
red hairs; raceme usually simple (no lower branch). Petals blue. 8
coloured, margins often marbled.—C. maculata is a smaller mor

viscidly villous form. A small state from Darjeeling, alt. 5-7000 ft.
leaves only 1-1} by 3-3 in.

essile or
heaths

e 42 or
14. C. paleata, Hassk, Pl. Jungh. 139; stem stout, leaves m ng
broadly lanceolate, spathes shortly peduncled scattered broadly

Commelina.) OLX. COMMELINACES, (J. D. Hooker.) 373

eneullate, seeds broadly ellipsoid smooth. Clarke Monogr. 178. Comme-
lina, sp. No. 6. Herb. Ind. or Hf. § T. Trithyrocarpus paleatus & T.
eligospathus, Hassk. Commel. Ind. 25.

The Deccan PENINSULA ; the Concan and Malabar, Law, Stocks, &c.—DisTRIB.
ava,

Stem branched, glabrous. Leaves 3-6 by 1-2 in., glabrous or scaberulous,
acuminate, base rounded or cuneate. Spathes 4 in., crowded or not, scaberulous
or finely pubescent, striate, base broad, rhomboid. Petals blue. Seeds dark
brown, sometimes margined with white, broader and less compressed than in C.
obliqua, of which it is perhaps a var. with peduncled spathes.

15. C. undulata, Br. Prodr. 970; stem stout, leaves lanceolate
waved, spathes subsessile ovate hooded acute, seeds shortly ellipsoid
smooth. Clarke Monogr. 179. QC. ensifolia, F. Muell. Fragm. Phyt. viii.
60; Benth. Fl. Austral. vii. 83 (in part) (not of Br.). C. setosa, Wight in
Wall. Cat. 8981 D.

The Deccan PENINSULA ; in the southern provinces, Wight.—DistB1B. Australia

ina, Philippine Islds., &c. . .

No doubt a slight variety of C. obliqua. Clarke refers the only Indian specimen
(Wight's) to a variety (B. setosa) with elongate leaves 4-5 by }-4 in. The locality
£ven, “Nopaloy,”’ is meant for Nopalry, cultivated Opuntia fields in which Wight
found many weeds, J. D. H.

. Sect. 5. HyTEROPYXIS. Capsule 3-celled, 2-valved, the dorsal cell
Indehiscent, deciduous, often scabrid. Seed adnate to the cell.

4,19. €. albescens, Hassk. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Æthiop. 210; leaves
“ar or linear-lanceolate, spathes subsessile strongly recurved hoode
‘uricled on one side falcately hooked on the other, seeds ellipsoid com-
Pressed smooth. Clarke Monogr. 184. C. striata, Wall, Cat. 8981 (in
S 7b not of others). ©. Schimperiana and multicaulis, Hochst. an
Mj ae, Herb. No. 1242 and No. 2268. Commelina, Sp. 3, Herb. Ind. Or.

RIND, Stocks, & i i Africa.
, c.—DisTRi5. Beluchistan, Arabia, trop. . .
em 1-2 ft., thickened at the base, glabrous. Leaves 2-3 by 1-3 in., margins

White, often waved. S ` folded, glabrous or sparsely
ispi . athes à in. long and broad as folded, g .
DE: raceme usually simple. Petals blue. Seeds black, spotted with dull

Yellow,

17. ©. Kurz in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. xi. 144; Comm. §
Cyrt, Beng. t. e Di ine 2 f.4; stem stout, leaves subsessile
narrowly lanceolate acuminate scaberulous puberulous or hirsute, spat to.
Sessile usually capitate cucullate or broadly cordate and complicate acute,
"Zeie in the lateral cells broadly ellipsoid compressed smooth, i "
oma hemispheric. C. longifolia, Thwaites Enum. 322 (not of Lam ^V €
communis, and C. striata, Wal. Cat. 8978 C, D (in part) and 8981 be
WV C. angustifolia, Hassk. as to Thwaites C. P. 3224, Commelina, Sp.

all. Cat, 8982. `

Crit SOUTHERN Deccan PENINSULA, Malabar and the Nilghiris, Rottler, &c,
t kees i inate, sheaths
ciliate” 1-2 ft., hairy or glabrate. Leaves 2-6 by j-j in., "d hn oad, raceme
simple, ‘SPathes recurved, solitary or clustered, 1 in. long an dly distinguish-
able di Petals blue, Capsule with the dorsal cell scabrid.—Hardly 1 8 hd
* from the common American C. virginica, L., except by its country and shghtly

374 CLX. COMMELINACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [Commelina.

by its hairyness. A variety (8. glochidea Koon. mss. Wall. Cat. 8981 B. (in part)
has elliptic-lanceolate scabrous or nearly glabrous leaves.

18. C. appendiculata, Clarke Comm. & Cyrt. Beng. 13; Monogr:
186 ; leaves sessile linear or linear-lanceolate, spathes very long-peduns ge
lanceolate deeply cordate complicate, seeds oblong smooth appendage ts
both ends, or in the dorsal cell smaller or 0. C. communis var. senge? ,
Wall. Cat. 8978 K. C. alba, Ham. mss.—Commelina, sp. 4, Herb. Ind. Or.
Hf. & T.

NORTHERN BENGAL, Hamilton; MywENsSINGH, Clarke. SIKKIM HIMALAYA;
foot of the hills, J. D. H., Clarke. SıLHET, Clarke. CEYLON, Macrae, óc. h ends

Diffusely branched, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves 4—6 by 4—3 in., narrowed at bot Stel
nearly glabrous. Spathes 2-3 in., glabrous without, hairy within, striate, ee? or
acuminate, base cordate; raceme 2-fid. Petals blue or white. Capsule

3-celled (the dorsal often 0). Seeds somewhat flattened, nearly black, appendages
conical.

Sect. 6. SrATHODITHYROs. Capsule 2-celled. (See also C. appendiculata.)

19. C. suffruticosa, Blume Enum. 3; stem stout, leaves Kerg
sessile lanceolate scabridly pubescent, spathes small shortly pe lii soid
broadly ovate-cordate between cucullate and complicate, seeds N rd
rugose. Clarke Comm. & Cyrt. Beng. 12; Monogr. 188, t. 2, d he in
semiovata, Wall. Cat. 8985 C, E. C. Simsoni & C. rugulosa, C "Hassk.
Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot, xi. 446. Spathodithyros suffruticosus,
Comm. Ind. 11.

: he
Tropical INDIA from Nepal, Sikkim and Bengal to Central India and t
Malay Peninsula.—Disrris. Malay Islds. . , . sheaths
Stem branched, nearly glabrous. Leaves 3-14 by $-2 in., semi" anio
auricled. Spathes 4-4 in. long and broad, longer than their peduncle, Faite ot
or clustered, acute or obtuse, villous ; raceme simple, 6—-12-fld. Petals
blue. Seeds straw-colrd., puberulous.

20. C. ensifolia, Br. Prodr. 269; leaves linear-lanceolate, spathes
very shortly peduncled broadly ovate acute cucullate, seeds SCH
smooth. Clarke Monogr. 188; Benth. Fl. Austral. vii. 83 (in Palina sp:
striata, Wall. Cat. 8981 (in part). C. lunata, Heyne mss. Comme
striate affinis, Edgw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 90. alia

Deccan PENINSULA, Rottler, Ee, CEYLON, Walker, &c.—DI8STRIB. Zeg

Stem 12-18 in., slender. Leaves 2-4 by j-j in., glabrous, or with margin,
hairs, or villous. Spathes 3-3 in., glabrous or hairy, base truncate on one
hooked at the other; raceme simple.

DOUBTFUL AND INDETERMINABLE SPECIES. hs h
C. AVENEFOLIA, Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 224; leaves sparsely hairy, sheaths
spathes truncate.—Bombay, near Kandalla.
C. NiMMONIANA, Grah. Le: small, leaves linear acuminate d
Bombay, on Malabar hill and near Rosa and Ellora.
C. ZEYLANICA, Falkenb. in Just. Jahresb., iv. 406, 408, name only.

C. communis, Linn. and C, BENGALENSIS, Linn., of Dalzell & G
Flor. are undeterminable from the descriptions. l

airy,

iscoloured.—
ibson Bomb.

3. ANEILEMA, Pr. axillary
Simple or branched, often tuberous rooted herbs. Flowers jathaceous-
and terminal panicles, bracteate and bracteolate; bracts not spa

Aneilema.] CLX. COMMELINACER. (J. D. Hooker.) 375

Sepals 3, free, membranous. Petals 3, obovate, equal. Stamens 2 or 3,
ents naked or bearded ; anthers oblong, one usually smaller or larger
than the others: staminodes 2-4, rarely with minute polliniferous anthers.
Ovary sessile, 2-3-celled, cells 1-2, many ovuled. Capsule loculicidal, cells
or more seeded. Seeds with a thick hard rugose or pitted testa.—Species
about 60, tropical and subtropical, chiefly Asiatic.

Subgen. I. Tricarpellaria ; Clarke. Capsule 3-celled 3-valved.

wei l. Evanritema. Cells of ovary 2-% -ovuled. Seeds 1-seriate in
tach cell,

* Cells of ovary 3-00-ovuled, of capsule 1- 3- or more-seeded (see
0 4. nudiflorum).

a. Flowers panicled on a radical or subradical rarely leafy scape.

L A. &£laucum, Thwaites mss. in Clarke Monogr. 200; leaves large
rosulate broadly ensiform, scape erect, branched from the base, panicle
reading lax-fid., bracts small not sheathing, capsule triquetrous, seeds

Superposed in each cell.
sory aNconx 5 on the Tinnevelly hills, Beddome. CEYLON, Thwaites (C. P.

e Root fibrous, Leaves 3-6 by 1-1} in., acuminate, margin crisped scabrid.
cape and broad panicle 8-12 in.; bracteoles small; panicle widely spreading,
aches very slender. Stamens 3, anthers subsimilar; staminodes 2. Capsule
be oblanceolate, acute, Seeds straw-colrd., with a white minutely reticulate

mis,

D 4. Scapiflorum, Wight Ic. t. 2073; leaves narrowly ensiform,
toil t erect, panicle strict elongate, bracts large sheathing, capsule ellip-
Beng Sonous, seeds 3-6-superposed in each cell. Clarke Comm. & Cyrt.
Lë? 14; Monogr. 900 t. 4 f.i A. tuberosum, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5207 ;
da, € Gibs. Bomb, Fl. 255. A. serotinum, Don mss. Commelina scapi-
"à Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 175. Murdannia tuberosa, Royle Ill. 403, t. 95.

*scantia aphylla, Heyne mss.

EMPERATE and TROPICA IMALAYA; from the upper Gangetic plain east-
Shan pye botan, and westwards P TRAYANCORE and TENASSERIM, CEYLON and the

Roots of el i i t, finely acuminate.
8 ap ,CODgated tubers. Leaves 4-10 in., all radical, erect, finely 1
“ape With the narrow panicle 8-18 in. ; lower bracts long, upper small amplexicaul.
Padi small, Capsule iin. mucronate. Seeds in a triangular column, angled,
‘colrd., with a white minutely reticulate and glandular epidermis.

BE Loureirii, Hance in Seem. Journ. Bot. 1868, 250; leaves
>» Scape radical 1-2-leaved, panicle narrow, flowers fascicled
g eathing bracts, sepals glandular-pubescent, capsule elliptic-oblong
eet A, Seeds 3~5-superposed in each cell Clarke Monogr. 201. A.
Cyrt Ze Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.1871, ii. 77; Clarke Comm. &
Lour, FLU. t. 20. A. spicatum, Wall. Cat. 5217. Commelina tuberosa,
qa Üochin Ed, Willd. i. 50. |
li, Gm Wallich, Helfer (Kew Distrib. 5628), &c.—DisrRIB. Siam, Malay

t of fasc; i 16 by 2-1 in., sub-
geet ,AScicled elongated tubers. Leaves all radical, 6-16 by ,
> margins smooth or "iliate only. Scape stout and panicle longer than the

376 OLX. COMMELINACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Anetlema.

leaves; upper bracts truncate, pedicels viscid. Petals blue. Stamens 2 fertile;
staminodes 4, all bearded. Capsule X in. acuminate. Seeds yellow brown, pitted.

b. Flowering stem leafy, flowers corymbose or panicled.

4. A. Thomsoni, Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. xv. 121; Monogr.
202, t. 4, f. 2; stout, leaves petioled broadly lanceolate or ensiform caudate-
acuminate with large bearded sheaths, upper bracts lanceolate caducous
capsule elongate narrowly oblong acuminate and beaked, cells 5-9-see at
seeds smooth. Aclisia? Thomsoni, Clarke Comm. & Curt. Beng. t. 1L
Dichoespermum giganteum, Hassk. Commelin. Ind. 42.—Aneilema, sp. ^^»
Herb. Ind. Or. Hf. & T.

EASTERN HIMALAYA; Sikkim, alt, 5-8000, J. D. H., &c. Bhotan, Griffith.
Naca Hırs, alt. 7000 ft., Clarke. nni-
Stem 1-2 ft. erect. Leaves 6-10 by 2-3 in., glabrous or scaberulous, pe in
nerved above the base. Panicle 3-6 in., glabrous, branches spreading We e nie
fruit, bracts caudate. Sepals glabrous. Petals purple. Stamens 3 forsi e, lin.
lateral; staminodes 3, sometimes polleniferous, filaments naked. Caps" i
Seeds shortly cylindric, black, with white powder.

9. A. divergens, Clarke Comm. & Oyrt. Beng. t. 16; Monogr: we?
stem tall, leaves ensiform, sheaths bearded, panicle erect, upper mt acute
opposite or subwhorled, bracts ovate persistent, capsule ellipsol Journ.
at both ends, cells 3-5-seeded. A. herbaceum B. divergens, Clarke Une
Linn. Soc. xi. 448. A. longifolium, Wall. Cat. 5213 A, B. A. scap
florum, Herb. Ind. Or. Hf. & T.

TROPICAL and SUB-TROPICAL HIMALAYA; from Chamba, alt. 6000. ft., Genie
eastwards to Sikkim. KHaAsrA Hrirrs, alt. 4-5000 ft. UPPER
Anderson. 1.2 in., erect,

Root of elongate tubers. Stem 2-3 ft., leafy. Leaves 6-12 by 3-3 tent.
upper gradually smaller, acuminate. Panicle erect, narrow, bracts ovate, H nearly
Petals blue. Stamens 3 fertile, staminodes 3, filaments all bearded. Capsu
3 in. subtrigonous. Seeds yellow,

6. A. Hookeri, Clarke Comm. & Cyrt. Beng. t. 171; Monogr. 2
stem tall stout, leaves ensiform base broad or subcordate, tomous.
bearded, panicle erect branches slender spreading repeatedly dichoto

Kuasta Hiris, alt. 5-6000 ft., J. D. H. and T. T. : nicle.
Distinguished from A. divergens by the broader leaf bases and spreading p^
Stem 6-12 in., leafy to the top.

7. A. zeylanicum, Clarke Monogr. 204; leaves narrrowly oblong
narrowed at both ends glabrous or pubescent, branches of panicle sp cells
ing alternate, branches flexuous, bracts minute, capsule subgloberm Gites
3—o-seeded, seeds slightly pitted. A. montanum, & protensum, The
Enum. 322. A. dimorphum, Tw. l. c. non Dalz.

CEYLON, common up to 3000 ft. .

Roots fibrous. Stem 6-12 in., often branched from the base, branches Ki
Leaves 1-3 by 3-1 in., sheaths bearded at the mouth. Panicle glabrous, psule
glabrous, hardly sheathing, persistent. Stamens 3 fertile ; staminodes 2-3.

ZA in, obtuse, concave, mucronate. Seeds brown, with white
Var. B. longiscapa, Clarke, 1. c. ; capsule } in.—Courtalam, Wight.

e
8. A. lineolatum, Kunth Enum. iv. 69; stem stout, Eye
narrowly oblong or ensiform acuminate, margins white, panicle g

a
powder.—

Aneilema.] CLX. COMMELINACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 377

effuse, bracts marcescent, capsule ellipsoid or subglobosely trigonous, cells
d-4seeded, seeds smooth. Hassk. Pl. Jung. 146, Commelin. Ind. 36;
Clarke Comm. & Oyrt. Beng.t.15. A. elatum, Kunth l.c. 70; Dalz. in
Hook. Journ. Bot. 1857, 137 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 254. A. latitolium,
Wight Ie.t.2072. A. herbaceum, Wall. Cat. 5293 ; Clarke Monogr. 204; in
Journ, Linn. Soc. Bot. xi. 448 (var. a). Commelina herbacea, Roa. Fl. Ind.
1175, Ed. Wall. & Carey i. 179. C. lineolata, Blume Enum. i. 3. C.
elata, Vahl Enum. ii. 178. Tinantia? lineolata, Hassk. Pl. Jav. 98.
nonostachys herbacea, Hassk. mss.

TROPICAL INDIA; from Sikkim, Bhotan and the Khasia hills, alt. 2-4000 ft.,
hi TA, Western Ghats from the Concan to Travancore.—DisTRiB. Malay

ands,

Root of slender tubers. Stem erect, stout. Leaves 4-12 by 1-1} in., margins
scabrous or smooth often crisped, base cuneate rounded or cordate, upper ovate-
lanceolate, Panicle stout, glabrous, branches spreading and ascending ; bracts
marcescent in fruit. Petals blue. Stamens 2-3 with 2 or 3 staminodes, filaments
Lil, Capsule X in. diam., mucronate. Seeds reticulate, glandular-

rulous,

9. A. esculentum, Wall. Cat. 5208; root tuberous, stem subsolitary,
leaves linear complicate, panicle glabrous spreading, bracts oblong or the
lower 1-2 foliaceous, capsule ellipsoid, cells 3-5-seeded. Clarke Monogr.

. PA. melanostictum, Hance in Seem. Journ. Bot. 1869, 167. Com-
melina esculenta, Heyne mss.
qu lapnas; in rice fields, Heyne, Wight. CEYLON, Walker.—DisTnIB. Australia,

Root of clavate tubers, crown with imbricating scarious scales. Stem with
Prostrate suckers. Leaves 3-4 in., recurved, obtuse, almost glabrous. Panicle with
Anke branches; bracts oblong, persistent. Stamens 3 fertile, staminodes 3,

aments bearded, Capsule 4 in. Seeds dark brown, obscurely scabrid or pitted.—
Tobably the same as the Australian A. gramineum, Br.

10. A. dimorphum, Dalz. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 1851, 138; root
fibrous, stems many, leaves linear-oblong flat, bracts ovate, panicle very
“ort and broad, capsule ellipsoid or oblong, cells 3-5-seeded, seeds smooth.
Dale. & Gibs. Bomb. Kl. 354; Clarke Monogr. 208. A. paniculatum,
Wight Te. t. 2075. A. scapiflorum, 8, Thwaites Enum. 322 (not of Wight).
nudiflorum, Mig. in Pl. Hohenack. Exsice. No. 144 (not of Br.).—An-
“ema, sp, Mig. ] e. n. 134,

alt The Deccan PENINSULA ; from the Concan southward, Wight, &c. CEYLON,
. ft., Thwaites. ,

obl tem slender, branched at the base, 6-12 in. Leaves 1-2} by j-i in., from
ong to ovate-lanceolate, base rounded or cordate, mouth of sheath ciliate.
mde sparingly dichotomously branched, few-fld.; bracts small, cucullate,

Alan tent, Petals blue. Stamens 3, fertile, filaments bearded; staminodes 3,
fraus Daked. Capsule A in., triquetrous, acute. Seeds black, with brown

above. ceous lines, — Wight figures all the filaments bearded, but describes them as

1l. A. Spiratum, Br. Prodr. 271 (in mote); root fibrous, stem
= shed decumbent, leaves small sessile flat oblong, base obtuse or cordate
lobo ed, Panicle small leafy below, bracts ovate, capsule oblong or sub-
i ne, cells 3-7-seeded, seeds smooth or minutely scaberulous. Clarke
in PP 207. A. nanum, Kunth Enum. v. iv. 65; Wight Ic. t. 2077 ; Hassk.
l Jungh. i41; Thwaites Enum. 322; Clarke Comm. & Cyrt. Beng. t.

378 CLX. COMMELINACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Aneilema,

18. A. canaliculatum, Dalz. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 1851, 197 ; Dalz. & Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 254. A. nummularium, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 535. Commelina
spirata, Linn. Mant. 176. C. bracteolata, Lamk. Encycl. ii. 69. C. nana,
Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 173; ed. Wall. & Carey, i. 176. C. pumila, Herb. Royle.
Dichæspermum repens, Hassk. (not of Wight).

Throughout INDIA, in pastures, &c., from the Upper Gangetic plain to Chittagong
and Travancore. CEYLON, common.—DIsTRIB. Malay Islands, China.

Dwarf, tufted, prostrate, branches ascending 6-10 in. Leaves glabrous puberu-
lous or ciliate, from oblong to ovate-lanceolate, subacute or acuminate ; base
amplexicaul. Cymes terminal and axillary; branches short, divaricate, few-fd.;
bracts ovate, persistent, Flowers blue. Stamens 3, staminodes 3; filaments of both
naked or bearded. Capsule 3 in., acutely trigonous. Seeds straw-colrd.

c. Stem leafy. Cymes 1-3-fld. axillary.

12. A. pauciflorum, Wight, Ic. t. 2077; slender, diffuse, creeping,
leaves small flat ovate, peduncles 1-3-fld. axillary, capsule lanceolate,
pedicel decurved, cells 4—6-seeded, seeds cubical nearly smooth. Clarke
Monogr. 907. Dichzspermum aurantiacum, Hass. in Herb. Zoll.
No. 3312.

MALABAR and TRAVANCORE, Wight (Kew distrib. 1179).—DISTRIB. Macassar.

Tufted; stems 4-6 in. Leaves 3-1 by 4-2 in., sessile, acuminate, glabrous Z
sparsely hairy, base rounded or cordate. Peduncles and pedicels slender. Sep "dy
linear. Stamens 3, staminodes 3, filaments all naked. Capsule 4 in. obtusely

3-gonous. Seeds black, farinose.

13. A. versicolor, Dalz. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 1851, 136; stem
slender branched hispid, leaves flat oblong-lanceolate-acuminate, p unc :
short 1l-fid., pedicel capillary, capsule oblong or lanceolate acute e
cells 5-7-seeded, seeds cubical. Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 253; Clar
Monogr. 208.

The Concan and Matwan, Stocks, Dalzell, Ritchie. ded

Root fibrous; stem 6-10 in. Leaves 1-2 by 3-3 in., rather distant, base To the
or cuneate, upper spathe-like, complicate and recurved. Peduncles with "
pedicel 4—2 in. Petals ochreous yellow, blueish in withering, Stamens 3, m s
faintly bearded; staminodes 3. Capsule 1-4 in., obtusely 3.angled. #6
yellowish brown. '

14. A. triquetrum, Wall. Cat. 5220; stem slender elongate, lear”
linear-lanceolate flat, peduncle 1-fld., pedicel rather stout, capsule oblong
acute, cells 3-5-seeded, seeds smooth farinose. Clarke Monogr. 208.

SILHET, Wallich.—Distris. China.

Stem 12-18 in. Leaves 1-2 in., rather thick, spreading and
obtuse. Petals blue?. Stamens 3, filaments strongly bearded ;
Capsule X in. Seeds truncate at each end.

recurved, base
staminodes 9.

** Cells of ovary 2-ovuled, of capsule 2-seeded (3-seeded in A. nudi-

florum, var. compressa).

15. A. nudiflorum, Br. Prodr. 271 (in note) ; branches decumbeni
rooting, leaves linear or lanceolate, sheath bearded, panicle subtermi "
short, cymes at the ends of the branches few-fld., capsule broadly oblong e
subglobose, seeds rugose and pitted. Clarke Comm. & Cyrt. Beng: t. A
Monogr. 210; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 253; Wall. Cat. 5224 (excl. ^

Hassk. Commelin. Ind. 99. A. radicans, Don Prodr. 45 (in part).

Aneilema.] OLX. COMMELINACEE. (J.D. Hooker.) 379

dandrum, Ham., and A. debile, Wall., Wall. Cat. 5210, 5215. A. nudi-
caule and A. minutum, Kunth Enum. iv. 67, 661. A. foliosum, Hassk. in
Pl. Jungh, 144, Commelin. Ind. 32. A. diversifolium, Hassk. l.c, 142, A.
Junghuhnianum, Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. 119, 538, Suppl. 609. A. lancifolia,
Grif. Notul. iii. 236. A. trichocolea, Schauer Pl. Meyer, 448. Commelina
mudiflora, Linn. Mant. 177 (not of Sp. PL); Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 173; Reichd.
le. Exot. t. 136. C. nudicaulis, Burm. Fl. Ind. 17, t. 8. C. diandra,
Aen, mss, Q. radicans, Spreng. Syst. Cur. post. 25. PO. minuta,
Blume Enum. 34. Tradescantia malabariea, Linn. Mant. 962.— Rheede
Hort. Mal, ix. t. 63, x. t. 19.

Throughout Inpra; from the N.W. Himalaya ascending to 6000 ft. eastwards
and south wards to the Khasia hills, Burma, the Deccan, Travancore and CEYLoN.—
ISTRIB, China, Malay Islands. o.
Stem and branches slender, diffuse, complicate or not. Leaves 2-5 by }-} in.,
glabrous or hairy, or subvillous. Panicles rarely axillary, branches elongate, scarred ;
flowers pedicelled, clustered; bracts deciduous. Pefals small, blue or purplish.
‘amens 3 fertile, 3 sterile, filaments of fertile or all bearded. Capsule 1 in., acute
at both ends
Var, com ressa, Clarke l. c. 211; petals rosy, cells of capsule often 3-seeded.
A. compres, Dalz. in Hook. Journ. Thot. 1851, 138; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl.
ezet. Sun 1 —The Concan, Dalzell.
Var, ter minalie, Clarke le. ; stem stouter, leaves broader, sometimes 6 by 3 in.,
free more elongate, capsules larger, seeds less rugose or almost smooth. A. nudi-
wea var. rigidior, Benth. Fl. Hongk. 377. A. terminale, Wight Ic. t. 2076. A.
loriforme, Hassk. in Pl. Jungh. 143. Prionostachys terminalis, Hassk. mss,—
ws hills, Malabar, Ceylon, China. Wight’s figure represents the capsule as

l6. A. sinicum, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 659; stem elongate diffusely
‘ranched, internodes long, leaves linear elongate, branches of terminal
arat short, Stamens 2 perfect, filaments bearded, staminodes 3 naked,
en subglobose, seeds obscurely rugose. Clarke Monogr. 212. A.
mundum, Wight Ic. t. 2075. A. esculentum, Wall. Cat. 5208 C. Com-
H Sinica, Rom, & Sch. Syst. i.; Mant. i. addend. 376.
Bee PENINSULA; from the Concan southward, and CEYLON, Wight, &c.

;P. China, Ma rica. .

a Roots of elongate UE e Leaves 6-12 by 3-3 in., cauline and

X at the base of the ascending leafy flowering stem, glabrous or puberulous.
ole lax ; bracts large, caducous, branches scarred. Petals blue. Capsule } in.

m. Seeds brown. , d

1. A. giganteu r. Prodr. 271; stem tall erect, internodes long,
leaves linear elongate, dote of the terminal paniele short stout,
he neus 3, filaments bearded, capsule ellipsoid acute, seeds compressed
t. ony Smooth. Clarke Monogr. 212. A. longifolium, Hook. Exot. `
ai Wall. Cat. 5213 D, F (in part). A. ensifolium, Wight T .
melin, Clarke Comm. & Cart, Beng. t. 22 (exel. Syn. F. Muell). ei
pot, 9 Sigantea, Vahl Enum. ii. 177. C. longifolia, Spreng. Syst. ar.
Has a, - Hookerii, Dietr, Sp. Pi. ii, 404. Prionostachys ensifolia,

+ Msg

P AN and the Kuasia HrLLs, ascending to 4000 ft. TENAssERIM, the Deccan

ut ULA, CEYLON and the NICOBAR ISLANDS. —DISTRIB. Malay Islands, China,
Talia, Africa,

Root Bien i labrous or nearly so.
Panic ao Stem 1-3 ft. Leaves 6-12 by j-j in., glabrou
Sparingly branched; branches very closely scarred; bracts caducous.

380 CLX. COMMELINACEE, (J. D. Hooker.) [Aneilema.

Petals blue. Staminodes with glabrous or bearded filaments, Capsule 3 in, long,
mucronate, valves hard polished.

Sect. II. Dicuasrermum. Cells of ovary 4-20-ovuled. Seeds 2-seriate
in each cell.

* Flowers axillary, solitary or clustered, pedicels jointed in the middle.

18. A. Hamiltonianum, Wall. Cat. 5222; stem creeping rooting,
leaves linear-oblong flat glabrate, pedicels axillary and terminal fruiting
hardly exserted, capsule linear-oblong, seeds scabrid or flocculent biseriate.
Clarke Monogr. 213. Dichespermum Blumei, Hassk. Comm. Ind. A:
Clarke Comm. & Cyrt. Beng. t. 27. Tradescantia terminalis, Blume
Enum. i. 6. Callisia orientalis, Herb. Ham.

UPPER GANGETIC PLAIN to ASSAM, in marshes; Chota Nagpore, Clarke.—
DisTRIB. Java.

Stem 6-12 in., stout, sparingly branched. Leaves 14-2 in., sessile, acute or eg
acute, base cuneate. Peduncle 1-4 in., rigid. Petals white or rosy. Filamen
all naked. Capsule 4-4 iu., acute. Seeds about 16 in each cell.

Var. minor, Clarke l. c. 214; stems shorter, seeds about 30 in each cell, nesly
smooth.—Dichæspermum repens, Clarke Comm. & Cyrt. Beng. t. 28 (not of WigM).
—Assam, Hamilton,

19. A. ochraceum, Dalz. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 1891, 135; stem
short erect or decumbent, leaves small flat oblong or ovate-oblong oben
or acute, base cordate, pedicels axillary fruiting exserted, capsule bro d
oblong, seeds angular rugose biseriate. Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 253 ; So
Monogr. 214, t. 4, f. 3. Dichæspermum repens, Wight Ic. t. 2078 (no
Hassk.). D. ochraceum, Hassk. Commelin. Ind. 41. aih
H Ko Deccan PENINSULA; from the Concan southwards. TRNASSERIM, Griffith

elfer.

Stem 4-8 in., rooting at the lower nodes. Leaves $-4 by 3-4 in., glabrous, ba
nearly so, bases subamplexicaul. Pedicels 4-} in., slender. Sepals na in.
Petals yellow. Stamens and staminodes 3 each, filaments naked. Capsule 3 as
long. Seeds 7-8 in each cell, pale yellow.—Dalzell describes the filamen
bearded in the Journal of Botany, but not in the Bombay Flora. . litary

Var. crocea, Clarke Monogr. 214; aquatic, leaves ovate subacute, pedicel e iii.
or 2-nate, sepals densely pubescent, capsule narrower. A. croceum, Griff. 4° " 8.
235. A. pilosum, Wall. Cat. 5219. A. ochraceum, var. Griffithii, Kurz tn Journ.
Soc. 1870, ii. 80. —Arracan, Burma and the Andaman Islands.

20. A. lanuginosum, Wall. (at. 5221; hirsute or glabrate, stem
suberect, leaves linear-oblong or lanceolate acuminate, pedicels iy-
serted, flowers large, filaments bearded, capsule oblong acute m

seeded, seeds nearly smooth. Clarke Monogr. 214. Commelina lanuginosa,
Heyne mss.

: : istricts

The DECCAN PENINSULA; from the Concan southwards, in hilly distrie™
ascending the Nilghiris to 6000 ft. 2} in,
, Roots of thickened fibres. Stem 6-16 in., stout, branched. Leaves Se an
rigid, deeply grooved when dry, acuminate, strongly striate, usually compren epals
recurved, base broad, margins waved. Pedicels bracteolate at the Jom Seeds

straw-colrd. Petals yellow, blue when dry. Capsule } in., or more
angular.

** Flowers panicled,

Aneilema.] OLX. COMMELINACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 381

21. A. Koenigii, Wall. Cat. 5914; stem short much branched
glabrous, leaves ovate- or linear-lanceolate obtuse or acute, branches of
panicle slender, filaments all bearded, capsule linear-oblong, seeds very
numerous biseriate minutely tessellate. Clarke Monogr. 215. A. nudi-
florum, Miq. Pl. Ewsicc. Hohenack. 144, c. Dichespermum lanceolatum,
Wight Ic. t. 2078. D. Keenigii, Hassk. mss.

The DECCAN PENINSULA ; from the Concan and Canara southwards.

Root fibrous, Stem 6-10 in., and branches slender, Leaves 1-2 in., sessile,

rounded or cordate. Panicle large for the size of the plant, much dichoto-
mously branched; branches flexuous, slender; bracts ovate, acute, persistent.
Flowers small, blue. Capsule 1 in., pale yellow. Seeds 15-16 in each cell, small,
yellow, neither rugulose nor reticulate.

22. A. paniculatum, Wall. (at. 5216; stem short slender branched,
leaves grass-like filiform or narrowly linear or subulate semiterete glabrous,
ranches of few-fld. panicle slender spreading, filaments all naked, capsule
shortly oblong or subglobose, seeds nearly smooth biseriate. Clarke
Monogr. 215, “A, semiteres, Dalz. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 1851, 138; Dalz. &
Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 954. Dichæspermum juncoides, Wight Ic. t. 2078. D.
Hf en Hassk. Commelin. Ind. 41. `D. paniculatum, Herb. Ind. Or.

The Deccan PENINSULA; from the Concan southwards in hilly places.
Roots fibrous. Stems densely tufted, tuberous and sheathed at the base. Leaves
by Ai in, acuminate, erect and recurved, fleshy according to Dalzell.
Branches capillary. — Bracts ochreate, truncate, persistent. Petals small, blue.
Filaments according to Dalzell all connate at the base. Capsule } in. long. Seeds

about 6-8 in each cell, pale yellow.—Habit of a Juncus.

Sect. TIT, Dictyosrermum. Cells of ovary 1-ovuled, of capsule 1-seeded
or empty,

* Capsule glabrous,

23. A. vaginatum, Br. Prodr. 271 (in note); stem long slender,
leaves long linear flat, pedicels 1-3 in the axils of distant lanceolate erect
Tacts pubescent, filaments naked or bearded, capsule subglobose glabrous,
cells l-seeded, seeds hemispheric rugose. Wight Ic. t. 2076; Wall. Cat.
212; Clarke Comm. & Cyrt. Beng. t. 23, Monogr. 210; Hassk. Commelin.
AL 84, A. filiforme, Ham. & nudifloram, Wall. Cat. 5209, aud 5224 A.
py florum, Dalz. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 1851, 136; Dalz & Gibs. Bomb.
1,53. Commelina vaginata, Linn. Mant. 177. "l'radescantia gangetica,
. Mss,

Throughout TROPICAL INDIA; Bengal, Assam and the Deccan Peninsula.

CEYLON: in A m
> M rice fields and wet places.— DISTRIB. China. —
0ts fibrous, Stems 6-18 in., decumbent and rcoting at the lower nodes,

branches 2

Suberect. Leaves 3-6 by j-j iu., acuminate, sheaths short open, upper
in ed to bracts equalling the }-2 LJ, Flowers 1-3, pedicels twice jointed
C. e middle, Sepals pubescent, > Petals blue. Stamens 2-fertile, staminodes 3—4.

" in. di i k.— Wight figures and describes all the
filaments as nakoa m cuspidate. Seeds black. ight fig

k 24. A. montanum, Wight in Wall. Cat. 5903; stem erect, leaves
bree petioled elliptic-lancevlate glabrous or scaberulous, panicle terminal,
The long lax few-fid. pubescent, stamens 3 perfect, filaments naked,

Staminodes 0, capsule globose, glabrous pedicels suberect, cells 1-seeded,

382 OLX. COMMELINACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Aneilema.

seeds hemispheric rugose. Clarke Monogr. 217. | Dictyospermum mon-
tanum, Wight Ic. t. 2069; Hassk. Commelin. Ind. 23. Tradescantia
montana, Heyne mss. T. paniculata, Roth Nov. Sp. 188; ? Kunth Enum.
iv. 100.

UPPER Assam; in the Naga hills, Clarke. MUNNIPORE, Watt. NILGHIRI and
TRAVANCORE HILLS, Heyne, Wight, Ze, . D .

Stem creeping and rooting below. Leaves 4-6 by 14-2 in., ciliate, acuminate,
sheaths pubescent. Flowers small, few at the ends of the long filiform branches 0
the panicle; bracts small. Petals blue. Capsule i in. diam. Seeds floury.

25. A. conspicuum, Kunth Enum. iv. 69; stem suberect, leaves
lanceolate, panicle short subsessile, branches horizontal, or decurved,
stamens 3 perfect, capsule globose glabrous, pedicels reflexed, cells 1-
seeded, seeds hemispheric rugose. Clarke Monogr. 218. Dictyospermum
conspicuum, Hassk. Commelin. Ind. 22. Floscopa paniculata, Hassk. m
Plant. Jungh. 151 (in part). Commelina conspicua, Blume Enum. i. 4.

Assam; Patkoye Mts., Grifffh. PENANG, Curtis. Maracoa, Grifith—
DistRis. Malay Islands.

Stem 1-2 ft., creeping and rooting below. Leaves as in A. montanum, from
which conspicuum differs in the pyramidal many-fld. panicle.

26. A. ovatum, Wall. Cat. 5206; stem suberect, leaves petioled
elliptic acuminate, panicle very short sessile or subsessile, branches long
slender depressed or horizontal pubescent, stamens 2 perfect, capsu
globose glabrous, pedicel suberect, cells 1-seeded, seeds hemispheric rugose.
Clarke Comm. & Gart. Beng. t. 25 ; Monogr. 218. Dictyospermum ovatum,
Hassk. Commelin. Ind. 94.

Preu and Tavoy, Wallich, Ze, The ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Kurz.—DISTRIB.
Siam, Malay Islands. hes;
, Stem 6-10 in., branched. Leaves 2-4 by 1-2 in., terminal on the pere
petiole 3-1 in. Panicle with the rachis so short, that the branches appear axi y
amongst the uppermost leaves. Capsule } in. diam.

27. A. ovalifolium, Hook. f. in Clarke Monogr. 218; stem we
leaves shortly petioled elliptic-lanceolate acuminate pubescent, pan r-
short subsessile pyramidal, branches ascending pubescent, stamens i Pols
fect, filaments glabrous, capsule globose glabrous, pedicel decurve! dë -
l-seeded, seeds large reticulate. Dictyospermum ovalifolium, Wig 10
t. 2070. D. Wightii, Hassk. Comm. Ind. 19 (excl. var.).—Aneilema Sp. ^"
Herb. Ind. Or. if & T.

NirauiRI HILLS; on the western slopes, Wight, &c. .

Stem stout, rooting at the base only. Leaves 3-6 by 13-2 in.;
pubescent. Panicle pubescent; branches slender.—Differs from A. consptcut
stouter naked large leaves, and larger capsule 4 in. diam., and the 2 stamens
figures 3).

sheaths
m inthe
(Wight

28. A. scaberrimum, Kunth Enum. iv. 69; tall, erect, slender
leaves distant lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate acuminate hispid h 1
panicle with long slender peduncle and branches, bracts funnel-s ep
acuminate persistent, stamens 2-3 perfect, filaments naked, capsule g 5218;
pubescent, cells 1-seeded, seeds rugose. A. protensum, Wall. Cat. e
Clarke Comm. & Cyrt. Beng. t. 24, Monogr, 219, t. 4, f. 4. A. erer oi
Wall. Cat. 8223. Commelina scaberrima, Blume Enum. i. 4 Hat :
spermum protensum, Wight Ic. t. 2071. Lamprodithyros protensus,

Aneilema. ] CLX. COMMELINACEEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 383

in Peters. Mossamb. Bot. ii. 529, Flora, 1863,389. Piletocarpus protensus,
Hassk, Comm. Ind. 15.

The Tropica, Eastern HIMALAYA and the KHASIA HinLs.; from Nepal to
Bhotan. TRAVANCORE, Wight. Cxxton, Walker, &c.—DisrR1B. Malay Islands.

Subfruticose 2-3 ft. high. Leaves 3-6 by 2-12 in., sessile, sheaths loose, viscid
or hispid; base narrowed or rounded. Panicle very lax and spreading with few
flowers at the tips of the branches; bracts sheathing obliquely truncate ; flowers
small white. Sepals reflexed in fruit. Capsule 3 in. diam., style long, persistent.
Seeds plano-convex, glaucous, black.

EXOLUDED SPECIES. . IN

A, ZQUINOCTIALE, Kunth Enum. iv. 72; Clarke Monog. 221. Amelina Wallichii,

rke Comm. & Cyrt. Beng. 6, 26, is an African species of which the locality was
tot determined when it was included in “ Comm. & Cyrt. Beng.”’

4 FORRESTIA, A. Rich.

Erect herbs ; stem simple, creeping and rooting below. Leaves broad,
sheaths tubular persistent after the fall of the blade. Flowers bracteate,
Sessile, in. crowded subsessile - axillary panicles. Sepals subequal.

tals subequal. Stamens 6, all perfect, filaments bearded ; anthers ovoid.
ary 3-celled, cells 2-ovuled or the dorsal l-ovuled. Capsule subglobose,
or ellipsoid, or oblong, 3-valved, loculicidal. Seeds 1-2 superposed in each
cell, o long, rugose.—Species 7, Hast Asiatic and New Guinea, and one
can,

The first three speci f the F. hispida, A. Rich (Sert.
si pecies may prove to be forms of the F. hispida, A.
Astrolab, u. t. 1), a native of New Guinea and Formosa, J. D. H.

en, E mollis, Hassk. in Flora, 1864, 68; Commel. Ind. 84; hirsute,
Krieg oblanceolate sparsely hairy above villous beneath, capsule oblong or
a3 sud about equalling the rusty hispidly villous sepals. Clarke Monogr.
Hap "pelia mollissima, Blume Enum. 3. 7. Amischotolype mollissima,
dest, in, Flora, 1 863, 392,
"A LABAR, J. Anderson, SINGAPORE, Walker. Maracca, Griffith (Kew
81,1485), Maingay (K. d. 1712).—DisrRre. Sumatra, Java. qnod
Leay em 9-4 ft, as thick as the thumb, glabrous hairy or shaggily hispid.
hirsute 6-18 by 2-3 in., subpetioled, acute, base acute; sheaths glabrous op
ong. ry Panicle a sessile dense-fld. globose head, 2-3 in. diam. Capsule $ in.
& rusty villous, Seeds subellipsoid, obscurely rugose.
d vk Griffithii, Clarke Monogr. 236; leaves oblong-lanceolate m
ain Y hairy on both surfaces, capsule elliptic-oblong subacute fulvously
y much longer than the sepals.

Matacca, Griffith, Maingay, Hulett.

tem stout, glabrate. Leaves 7 by 2} in., shortly acuminate ; petiole shaggy ;

sh . y
«i. glabrous, mouth villous. Sepals à in., oblong, sparsely hairy. Capsule
1g In, long, 5

3. TF. marginata, Hassk. in Flora, 1864, 630; Commelin. Ind. 90;
leaves obovate- or elliptic-lanceolate glabrous or margins villously ciliate,
Bowe ellipsoid longer than the sepals. Clarke Monogr. 237. F. hispida,

War 1. 5425 (not of A. Rich). Campelia marginata, Blume Enum. i.
1843 all. Cat, 8977 A, B. Amischotolypa marginata, Hassk. in Flora,
Ca 39 -—Tradescantia sp., Grif. Notul. ii. 235. Pollia purpurea,

^

384 CLX. COMMELINACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Forrestia.

SINGAPORE and Penane, Wallich, Walker. Matacca, Maingay (Kew distrib.
2974).—DisrTRIB. Sumatra, Java. .

Stem 2-3 ft., as thick as the thumb. Leaves 10-30 by 13-3 in., subcaudately
acuminate; sheaths puberulous, glabrous or hirsute. Flower heads 13-2 in. diam.
Sepals $ in. long.

Var. rostrata, Clarke l. c.; leaves narrower more caudate-acuminate, fovet
fewer. F. rostrata, Hassk in Flora, 1864, 631; Commelin. Ind. 94.— Mishmi hills,
Griffith (Kew distrib. 5486), Java.

4. F. Hookeri, Hassk. in Flora, 1864, 629; Commelin. Ind. B
leaves petioled oblanceolate glabrous above, nerves beneath hairy, hea i
flowers small, capsule oblong-lanceolate much longer than the "r^
glabrous sepals. Clarke Commel. & Cyrt. Beng. t. 41; Monogr. +l.
Campelia marginata, Wall. Cat. 8977 (in part).

EASTERN HIMALAYA, SIKKIM and CHITTAGONG, J. D. H. Buoraw, A
the Knasra and Naca Hinr, Griffith, Clarke. d the
Differs from F. marginata in the glabrous leaves, smaller few-fld. heads, an

beaked capsules 4—2 in. long, much exceeding the sepals.

5. F. glabrata, Hassk. in Flora, 1864, 360 ; Commel. Ind. 92; mE
lanceolate glabrous or margins pubescent, capsule ellipsoid much s ps
than narrow sepals. Clarke Commel. & Cyrt. Beng. t. 42; Monogr. ta,
Campelia glabrata, Hassk. Pl. Jungh. 154 (not of Kunth). C. marge
B, Blume Enum. i. 7 (fid Hassk.). Amischotolypa glabrata, Hassk.
Flora, 1863, 392.

TROPICAL SIKKIM HIMALAYA, MUNNIPORE, BENGAL, ASSAM and TENASSERIM.
—DISTRIB.—Sumatra, Java, Tonkin.

Differs from F. Hookeri in the short narrow capsule 4 in, long.

SSAN,

5 CYANOTIS, Don.

Herbs, usually prostrate or creeping. Leaves small. Flow
and terminal scorpioid cymes, formed of large imbricating bis rely
foliaceous falcate bracteoles, the petals and stamens alone exserted, rà e
with the corolla-tube exserted; flowers sometimes in exposed racem als
fascicled in the ochrea. Sepals subequal, free or connate below. a
subequal often united in a tube below, limb orbicular. Stamens ,
perfect subequal, hypogynous or epipetalous, filaments usually bea vules
often inflated towards the apex, anthers oblong. Ovary 3-celled; nell
2 collateral in each cell one erect the other pendulous. Capsule n
loculicidal, cells usually 2-seeded. Seeds superposed, cubical or pyram!
usually rugose.

Many of the following species may probably have to be reduced.

ers in axillary
eriate.secun

^ Do qol : mbricatin
Sect. I. Encyanoris. (ymes enclosed in biseriate falcate imbricating

bracteoles.
3.
* Valves of the capsule separating from a free central columnar
toothed axis.

: ith
l. C. papilionacea, Schultes, f. Syst. vii. 1151; hirsute Tate,
spreading hairs creeping and rooting, leaves linear-oblong Or lanon o0
bracteoles subreniformly faleate acute ciliate, capsule oblong, seecs
a

al.
or obscurely pitted. Clarke Monogr. 246; Wight Ic. t. 2C89; Wall. C

Cyanotis. } OLX. COMMELINACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 385

8987; Hassk. Commelin. Ind. 158. C. hispida, Dalz. in Hook. Journ. Bot.
1851, 139; Dalz. §& Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 253 (excl. Syn.). C. hirtella, Miquel.
Plant. Ezsicc, Hohenack. No. 130; Hassk. l. c. 112. Tradescantia papil-
lionacea, Linn. Mant. 513; Vahl Symb. i. 27 (excl. Syn.). T. cristata,
Heyne mss. TT. rupestris, Law in Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 222.—? Commelina
cristata, Blume Fl. Ind. t. 7, f. 4.

The DECCAN PENINSULA ; from the Concan southwards, in rocky places.

Annual. Stem 4-6 in., branched from the base. Leaves 1-1} by 4-3 in., sessile,
acute, acuminate, or obtuse and apiculate, base rounded; sheaths very short.
Peduncles long, slender; bracts shortly exceeding the cymes. Sepals lanceolate.
Petals blue, Filaments filiform, bearded. Seeds yellow-brown. .

Var. Burmanniana, Clarke 1. c.; leaves shorter broader. C. Burmanniana,
Wight Ie. t. 2089. —Malabar.

2. C. vaginata, Wight Te. t. 20883 ; softly hairy, erect or ascending,
leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate, sheaths short inflated, bracteoles ovate
falcate acute ciliate, capsule oblong, seeds rugose dark brown. Hassk .

ommel. Ind. 98; Clarke Monogr. 247.
MALABAR, Wight,
nual ; stem 4-6 in., lower part with inflated leafless sheaths. Leaves falcate.
eduncles slender ; bracteoles glabrous, striate and cross-striolate. Sepals lanceolate.
Petals blue, Filaments filiform, bearded. Seeds conic.

D: . WT
Capsule with no free central column after dehiscence.

3. €. cristata, Schultes, f. Syst. vii. 1150; stem creeping below,
branches erect or ascending glabrous or with spreading hairs, leaves
ovate-oblong subacute, seeds striate and pitted. Wight Ic.t. 3082; Clarke
Comme], & Cyrt. Beng. t. 36 ; Monogr. 247 Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FI. 256 ;
oh Cat. 8986; Hassk. Commelin. Ind. 190. C. racemosa, Clar. ke
s, mel. & Cyrt. Beng. t. 38. C. Hugelii, Hassk. l. c. 128. C. cristata, Linn.
vi Pl. 42. "l'radescantia cristata, Jacg. Hort. Vind. ii. 64, t. 137 ; Bot. Mag.
g 85. T. imbricata, Row. Fl. Ind. ii, 120. T. umbellata, Heyne mas.—

Yanotis sp, Wall. Cat. 8989.—Rheede Hort. Mal. vii. t. 58.

ve 'ëlnt TROPICAL Insia in hilly districts. Burma, MaLAcca, CEYLON.
TB. Malay Islands, Mauritius trop. Africa. . .
tem 6-18 in., slender, branched. Leaves rather distant, 2-4 by 3-3 ID., sensile,
on acute, glabrous or hirsute, ciliate or not. Bracts twice as long as the
4 Bracteoles 1 in., ovate, falcate, acute, striate and striolate. Sepals ance”
Giant, i ls blue. Filaments simple, bearded. Style thickened at the tip.
apsule din, obtuse, o.
di far. Griffithii, Clarke 1, c. 248; seeds smaller not pitted.—Mergui, Griffith (Kew
"rib. 5505, 5517)

Le. barbata, Don Prodr. 46; creeping and rooting, glabrous or
termebby, leaves oblong or linear-lanceolate, cymes subsessile axillary and
lated ^ ; bracteoles oblong falen te acute, filaments bearded, seeds reticu-
Walt Clarke Commel. & Cyrt. Beng. t. 37 (excl. Syn. Roxb.) ; Monogr. 48 ;
Journ Cat, 8993; Hassk. Commelin. Ind. 143. C. nodiflora, Clarke in

rn, Linn, Soc. xi. 453 (not of Kunth). C. nobilis, Hassk. l. c. 148 (euch.
a right ; Clarke Commel. & Cyrt. Ind. 6, 39. C. glaberrima, - assk.
et o. C. fasciculata, Wall. Cat. 8990. Tradescantia barbata, Spreng.

Spl. O.
Bieg, qu: Post. 138. T. radicans, Royle III. 403—Cyanotis sp. Wall. Cat.

VOL, VI. ce

386 OLX. COMMELINACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Cyanotis.

SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA; from Kashmir eastwards, ascending to 8000 ft.
Kuasia Mrs., alt. 4600 ft. Burma & PENANG, Wallich.—DisrRiB. China. — —

Stems slender, branched, tufted, sometimes bulbiferous. Leaves 1-2 by $-3 0»
falcate or straight, sessile, acute or acuminate, ciliate, cobwebby beneath. Bracts
much longer than the cyme. Bracteoles falcately ovate, acuminate. Ovary tipped
with hairs. Capsule quadrate. Seeds brown.— C. nobilis and glaberrima are very
large stout forms 1-2 ft. high, with leaves sometimes 6 in. long, common in the
Khasia hills.

5. C. tuberosa, Schultes, f. Syst. vii. 1153 ; suberect or prostrate, tall,
stout, glabrous or villous, root of cylindric tubers, radical leaves ousifors
cauline narrowly oblong, cymes in the axil of a short leafy bract, termina
often corymbose, bracteoles villous ovate falcate, filaments bearded, T
tumid, style bearded thickened at the tip, seeds obscurely rugose. Clans
Monogr. 249; Wall. Cat. 8091; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 256; Hassk.
Commelin. Ind. 100. C. concanensis, Thomsonii & Stocksii, Hassk. l. H
144,133, 118. Tradescantia tuberosa, Roxb. Cor. Pl. ii. t. 108; Fl. Ind.
ii. 19.—Oyanotis sp., No. 8, 9, Herb. Ind. Or. Hf. & T.

The DECCAN PENINSULA ; on the west side, from the Concan to Travancore. nd

Stem 6 in.—3 ft., suberect or prostrate, hirsute at the base. Leaves, radical wel
lower cauline, 6-10 by 4-1 in., sessile, often purple beneath, scaberulous. Cynes
villous, or densely hirsute ; bracts ovate or lanceolate, falcate, shorter than the ce
bracteoles 4-3 in. Petals blue-purple. Capsule hairy above.—A large coats
species. i d

Var. adscendens, Clarke l. c. ; smaller, more glabrous, branches rooting ue
proliferous at the nodes. C. adscendens, Dalz. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 1858, © V
Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 255; Hassk. Commelin Ind. 102. C. sarmentosa, C
Ic. t. 2087 ; Hassk. l. c. 194.— With the type; and at Agra, Jacquemont,
Nagpore, Clarke.

6. C. Wightii, Clarke Monogr. 950 ; tall, very stout, suberect, sparsely
hirsute, leaves very long ensiform, cymes axillary and subcorym s, b
bracteoles falcately ovate acuminate ciliate, filaments bearded, ^ T,
thickened below the tip, seeds oblong dotted. C. longifolia, Wig :
t. 2084.

SovurH Deccan PENINSULA; Nilghiri and Travancore hills, Wight.

Stem branched, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves attaining 6-18 by 3-14 in.
much smaller, narrowed from the base to the tip, ciliate ; sheaths short
usually much longer and larger than the cyme; bracteoles j in., ciliate.
oblong, not half so long as the sepals. `

but usually
loose. Bract
Capsule

7. C. arachnoidea, Clarke Monogr. 250; suberect, cottony nt
webby, leaves very variable linear-oblong or lanceolate rather 0 late,
cymes subsessile terminal and axillary, bracteoles falcately „lance? A
filaments bearded, style bearded and thickened below the tin. gw?
oblong, seeds elongate conical obscurely pitted. C. fasciculata, Walt. ?C.
8990 (for the most part). C. pilosa, Wight Herb. (not Ic. t. 20 dër
sericea, Hassk. Commelin. Ind. 152.—Cyanotis sp., 5, Herb. Ind. Or.
§ T. Tradescantia lanata and incana, Heyne mss.

The Deccan PENINSULA; Nilghiri hills, Wight (Kew distrib. 2839).
Haragam, Z'rimen. bescence-

Differs from C. Wightii in the soft shining silky or cobwebby H Zu asin
Trimen's specimens are very robust, with radical leaves 12 by 14-2 in., or i smaller

the large states of C. Wightii; but those of the Deccan specimens are muc
and narrower.

CELO;

Cyanotis.] CLX. COMMELINACE®. (J. D. Hooker.) 987

8. €. pilosa, Schultes, f. Syst. vii. 1155; more or less clothed with
long spreading hairs or nearly glabrous, leaves linear or linear-lanceolate,
cymes subsessile terminal and axillary, bracteoles oblong falcate acute,
filaments bearded, style bearded and thickened below the tip, capsule
uadrate, seeds shortly conic obscurely pitted. Wight Ic. t. 2083; Clarke

onogr. 251: Hassk. Commelin. Ind. 99; Wall. Cat. 8992; Cyanotis sp. 11,
Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. Tradescantia pilosa, Heyne mss.

, The Deccan PENINSULA ; Nilghiri hills, Heyne, Wight, &c. CEYLON; in the
higher parts of the island.
abit of (C. arachnoidea, from which it differs in the hairyness and quadrate

nimis and seeds. The Ceylon are the only good specimens, and they are nearly
glabrous.

9. c. villosa, Schultes, f. Syst. vii. 1155; silky or villous with
spreading hairs, leaves narrowly lanceolate or ovate or oblong-lanceolate,
cymes axillary and terminal, bracteoles small lanceolate falcate or nearly
straight, filaments filiform, style fusiform below the tip, capsule oblong,
seeds conical corrugated. Clarke Monogr. 251; Hassk. Commelin. Ind.
99: Wall. Cat. 8995. C. lanceolata, Wight Ic. t. 2085; Hassk. Le 125.
Commelina, sp. 10, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f.& T. Tradescantia villosa, Spreng.
Syst. ii. 116. T. ? cyanotidea, Hassk. l. c. 65.

The Deccan PexINSULA ; on the E. slope of the Nilghiris, Wight, &c. CEYLON,

ntral province, ascending to 6000 ft.

_ Stems 3-4 ft., erect trom a procumbent base, succulent, often rooting and pro-
iferous at the nodes. Leaves 3-5 by }-} in., sessile, shining, green, silkily ciliate.
Tact twice as long as the cyme; bracteoles 2 in. long. Capsule obtuse.

10. e. zeylanica, Hassk. Commel. Ind. 145; stem elongate glabrous
cept a line of hairs, leaves narrowly lanceolate puberulous pilose
D cymes small terminal subsessile, bracteoles dimidiate-ovate, cap-

` SUbquadrate, seeds striate and obscurely pitted. Clarke Monogr. 253.

` Anceolata, Wight, var, subglabra, Thwaites Enum. 323.

Ston ; Central province, up to 6000 ft., Thwaites. a
D 7» from C. villosa in the short capsule and striate seeds, glabrous stem an l
exceed, leaves narrowed at the base. The bracts also are much shorter, hardly

mg the cyme,

ll. c. vaga, Schultes, f. Syst. vii. 1153; softly hairy, stems elon-
gate procumbent, leaves oblong-lanceolate, cymes small axillary and
mina sessile, bracteoles obscurely 2-seriate lanceolate nearly straight,
Fal, small sub uadrately oblong, seeds closely reticulate and 1-2-
; reolata, Clarke onogr. 259. Tradescantia vaga, Blume Enum. i. 5.
f A Fl. Cochinch. i. 239, and Hassk. Commelin. Ind. 62 (not of Zollinger).

BNASSERIM, Helfer, — . Java, China. ,
cin TI 10-20 in slender a 13-2 by 4-3 in. Bract large. Capsule
to the, Seeds with two deep clefts or pits. The obscurely biseriate bracts ally 1

° Section Dalzellia,

12, €
punbent, floccosely silky or hairy, leaves linear or lanceolate, cymes

lanceolat
e,
on Ind
l. ee (in part). ©. dichotricha, Stocks in Wight Ic.
` C. Lawiana and decumbens, Wight Ic. t. 2086 and
cc2

capsule oblong, seeds subrugose. k
. 122. . , w ^ Lhe b. Fl. 255; Wall.
122; Wight Ic. t. 2086; Dalz. & Gibs. Bom ES dall.

2088; Hassk.

388 CLX. COMMELINACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Cyanotis.

l.c. 100. C. rosea, Wight Ic. t. 2086. C. eriantha and C. disrumpens (in
part), and C. Thwaitesii, Hassk. l. c. 62, 138, 105, 196. Tradescantia
fasciculata, Heyne in Roth Nov. Sp. 189. T. rupestris ?, Law in Grah. Cat.
Bomb. Pl. 223.

The Deccan PENINSULA; common in rocky places from the Concau southwards.
CEYLON; abundant in the Central province.

Annual; roots fibrous. Stem 4-18 in. Leaves 1-2 by i-i in. Bracts about
twice as long as the small cyme, silky or cobwebby. Petals rose-purple. Filaments
bearded. o

A very variable plant, of which there are the three following varieties :—
B glabrescens (from Belgaum) with linear glabrous leaves, glabrous bracts an
woolly bracteoles; y rosea (C. rosea, Wight) (from the Bolamputty hills in Travai
core) (of which no specimens exist in Wight’s Herbarium) with sessile ovate-corda `
obtuse leaves according to the description, but linear leaves in the plate; s
ò Thwaitesii (from Belgaum, Courtallam and Ceylon), with dense divarica
branches, to which belongs Tradescantia rupestris, Law, and which appears to
intermediate between C. arachnoidea and fasciculata. Wight describes ia"
Lawiana and dichotricha as all of them succulent, as does Dalzell his hispida. "
Lawiana Wight describes the style as simple (not thickened) but figures 1t
fusiform above.

Sect. II. DarzELLta. Flowers solitary or in terminal or subterminal
few-fld. cymules, bracts and bracteoles small not imbricate in 2 series.

13. C. kewensis, Clarke Monogr. 243, Tab. 5, f. 6; villous, urn
stout prostrate densely leafy, leaves bifariously imbricate sessile Weg
cordate acute bright red beneath, sheaths very short, flowers few tor in
shortly pedicelled, filaments bearded. Belosynapsis kewensis, mE

Flora, 1871, 959. ' Erythrotis Beddomei, Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 6150.
TRAVANCORE; on the Myhendra Mts., alt. 3-4000 ft., Beddome. «ae below.
Stem and branches 6-10 in., pendulous, with ascending tips, rooting n dry,

Leaves 1-1} in., rather fleshy, green and convex above, hairs rufous Ww! “edice

sheaths 4 in., ribbed, ciliate. Flowers 1-2 together in the uppermost axils ‘th blue

and 3 ovate sepals hispid; petals free, rose-purple; filaments bearded wi blast
hairs, anthers yellow; ovary hispid, style filiform naked. Capsule oblong;

tip villous. Seeds short, obscurely 2-pitted on the inner face.

14. €. vivipara, Dalz. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 1851, 226; epiphyt
subscapigerous, radical leaves ensiform, flowering stems numerous "^
slender flexuous pendulous with small distant leaves and few very, s
flowers. Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 255; Clarke Monogr. 944. " e
Dalzellia vivipara, Hassk. in Flora, 1865, 594 ; Commelin. Ind. 161.

The CoNcaN ; in the Syhadri hills, on trees, Law, Dalzell. ` several,

Rootstock small with tufts of pilose radical leaves 3-5 by 4-3 in. Scapes small
rooting and viviparous at the nodes, almost filiform; cauline leaves ve Y blong,
sheaths very short. Flowers 2-3 on a subterminal peduncle ; bracts T i ` style
acute; pedicels and sepals villous. Petals white, connate to the mid th. '
filiform, naked. Capsule A in. long, oblanceolate. Seeds cylindric, smoot”

ves;
Sect. III. Ocureartora. Flowers axillary in the sheaths of the lea

bracteoles small slender not imbricating. (See also C. villosa.)

brous
15. C. axillaris, Roem. & Sch. Syst. vii. 1154; stem elongate ge

or sparsely hairy, leaves elongate linear or iinear-lanceo ria labrous
clustered in the short inflated sheaths, filaments bearded, pis er. 244;
filiform, capsule acute, seeds subcylindric punctate. Clarke Monog

Cyanotis. ] CLX. COMMELINACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 389

Comm. & Cyrt. Beng. t. 35; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 956; Benth. FI.
Austral, vii, 82; Hassk. in Pl. Jungh. i. 154; Commel. Ind. 107; Wall.
Cat.8996. C. disrumpens, Hassk. l.c. 105 (in part). Commelina axillaris,
Linn. Sp. Pl. 42. Tradescantia axillaris, Linn. Mant. 321; Roxb. Cor.
Pl. 5,t.107; FU. Ind. ii. 118. Zygomenes axillaris, Salish. in Trans. Hort.
Soc. i. 271.—Rheede Hort. Mal. x. t. 13.

Throughout Inpra ; in the plains from the upper Gangetic valley to AssAw and
southwards to OEvroN.—DrsTRIB. E. Asia, trop. Australia.

Stem 6-18 in., annual, stout or slender, branched, Leaves 2-6 by 1-1 in.,
acuminate, sheaths ciliate, base broad or narrowed. Petals long-clawed, blue.
Zon glabrous ; style ovoid below the tip. Capsule + in. long, glabrous; valves

16. ©. cucullata, Kunth Enum. iv. 107; glabrous or sparsely hairy,
leaves linear, flowers clustered in the sheaths, filaments nearly naked,
“psule depressed in the centre with 3 horns, seeds subquadrate pitted.
Roth Nov. Sp. 189 ; Clarke Monogr. 245, t. 5, È 7.

The Deccan PENINSULA ; from Canara to Malabar.

Habit and characters of D. awillaris, but differing in the glabrous filaments and

reader capsule and shorter broader seeds.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
C. NiLaGinica, Hassk. Commelin. Ind. 127; differing according to Hasskarl
rh C. arachnoidea in its glabrousness, obtuser leaves, denser spikes, and larger
wers,

C. KARLIANA, Hassk. l. c. 146; ‘stems creeping 8-12 in. glabrous, leaves 4-2 by
m: n linear-lanceolate, sheaths purple, cymes 1-3-nate axillary or terminal small
st Wé by-puberulous, bracteoles few, seeds longitudinally cracked not scrobiculate,
ve glabrous tip thickened.’’—Poonab, Hugel.
«Q7 INCERTA, Hassk. l, c. 165; “brown-villous, peduncles 5-nate,” (cymes ?)
aru Pellately crowded at the top of a common peduncle, bracts "* (bracteoles ?) 7-20
tate lanceolate acuminate, flowers woolly-villous, style hairy thickened below the
IP.— Asia, Hugel.

6. STREPTOLIRION, Eje.

Plow twining flaccid herb. Leaves long-petioled, ovate-cordate, acuminate,
Petal, li ew, in axillary and terminal scorpioid cymes. Sepals oblong, ree.
margi mear, free. Stamens 6, filaments bearded, anthers transverse, cells
0 Bining the 2-lobed connective. Ovary 8-celled; style filiform, stigma

enic ciliate; ovules 2 superposed in each cell. Capsule oblong tri-

8^tous beaked loculicidal, Seeds angular, rugose.

t. MA volubile, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 90, t. 2; Wight Te.

961. g Hassk. Commel. Ind. 6; Clarke Comm. & Cyrt. Beng. 40; Monogr.
` B. Griffithii, Kurz. Tradescantia cordifolia, Griff. Journ. 268.

Ae EXTERATE HIMALAYA; from Garwhal to Bhotan, alt. 5-9000 ft. UPPER

» on the Patkoy hills, and MuNN1PORE.—DisrRIB. China.

branched or more ft., glabrous or sparsely hairy, climbing over bushes, ima
es ma, often rooting at the nodes. Leaves 4-6 in. diam., base often deeply 2 o re
rt, m Wi from the base, concentric; petiole 2-5 in., glabrous or puberulous; 8 heat l

Yellow hare ciliate. Flowers 1 in. diam., white, upper often barren. Filaments D ith

Y = Capsule i in. long, glabrous or pubescent.—The Khasian specimens

and a penicilln’ Grieg are more hairy than the Himalayan with villous capsules

390 CLX. COMMELINACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Floscopa.

7. FLOSCOPA, Lour.

Erect or subscandent herbs. Leaves lanceolate. Flowers in terminal or
axillary thyrsoid panicles, bracteate ; cymes secund-flowered (not scorpioid).
Sepals 3, oblong, free. Peta/s free, obovate. Stamens 6, perfect (or o
imperfect); filaments glabrous. Ovary 2-celled; cells l-ovuled; style
simple. Capsule 2-celled, crustaceous, loculicidal. Seeds hemispheric.—
Species about 11, tropical.

1. F. scandens, Lour. Fl. Coch. 193; glabrous or pubescent, stems
prostrate, branches suberect, leaves subpetioled acuminate, cymes panic i
villous or hirsute. Clarke Monogr. 265. $}. paniculata, Hassk. Pl. Jungh.
157; Commel. Ind. 167. F. Hamiltonii, undulata petiolata and Ha,
anas, Hassk. Commel. Ind. 166, 167. Dithyrocarpus paniculatus, di
Enum. iv. 70; Clarke Comm. & Cyrt. Beng. 34; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. hi
256. D. Meyenianus and rufus, Kunth l.c. 78, 79. D. petiolatus, Rot n
and undulatus, Wight Ic. t. 2079, 9080. Tradescantia paniculata, Ror
Cor. Pl. ii. t. 109; FU. Ind. i. 119; Roth Nov. Sp. 188. T. rufa, Pres
Rel. Haenk. i. 138. Commelina cymosa and densiflora, Blume Enan |
4 C. hispida, Ham. mss., and C. Hamiltonii, Spreng. Syst. iv., and a
post. 25 and v. 186. Aneilema hispidum, Don Prodr. 45; Wall. MN x
A. cymosum and densiflorum, Kunth Enum. iv. 69. Lamprodithyt
paniculatus, Hassk. in Flora, 1863, 389.

Throughout tropical INDIA, in swamps from E. Nepal, Sikkim and the Fo,
HILLS to TRAVANCORE, Matacoa and CxyroN.—DisTRiB. Eastern Asia
tropical Australia. ' . tioled ;

Stem stout, erect, creeping below. Leaves 2-6 by 4-1} in., sessile or pe^ i ,
sheaths lax, short, glabrous or hirsute; mouth ciliate. Panicles shortly pedine ab.
pyramidal, with long erect or ascending many-fid, branches. Flowers sma pite
globose, racemose, lower bracteate upper ebracteate; sepals villous ; petals waag.
lilac or rosy. Capsule } in. long, orbicular, or ellipsoid, acute, compressed, shi
Seeds glaucous.

Orver CLXI. FLAGELLANRIEJE.

Stem tall, leafy, erect or scandent. Leaves many-nerved or plaited,
petiole sheathing. Flowers small, in terminal panicles, uni- OT print
Sepals 6, persistent, imbricate. Stamens 6, hypogynous, filament? ft üt
anthers basifixed, erect. Ovary superior, 3-celled ; style short, 3-cle P
styles 3; ovules solitary in the cells, anatropous. Fruit a smal ech or
a drupe with 1-3 pyrenes. Seeds laterally attached, testa membrano, the
thick, albumen flowery ; embryo lenticular.— Genera 3, species 7-8, 0
Old World and Pacific.

BIA
Stem scandent. Flowers 2-sexual. Drupe 1-2-seeded . 1. FLAGELLA
Stem erect. Flowers diccious. Berry l-3-seeded . . . . . 2. SUSUM-

l. FLAGELLARIA, Linn.

Stem climbing by the cirrhose leaf-tips. Flowers bisexu
subpetaloid. Style arms 3, entire or 2-partite. Drupe with a t
lent exocarp and bony 1-2-seeded endocarp.— Species 2, a Fijian
following :— `

al. Sepals

hin suce"

Flagellaria.] ^ cuxt. FLAGELLARIEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 391

F. indica, Linn. Sp. Pl. 333; leaves sessile lanceolate with sheathing
bases. Kunth Enum. iit. 370; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 154; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. 256; Wall. Cat. 5198; Benth. EI Austral. vii. 10; Miquel Fl. Ind.
Bat. iii. 249; Redouté Lil. v. t. 257; Gaerín. Fruct. i. 16, t. 16.— Rheede
Hort. Mal. vii. t. 53.

Throughout INDIA, chiefly near the coast, from the SUNDERBUNDS and CniTTA-
GONG, to CEYLON and SiNGAPORE.— DISTRIB. Trop. Asia and Africa.

Glabrous, climbing lofty trees; stem thick as the thumb below; branches
clothed with the closed leaf-sheaths. Leaves 6-10 in., variable in breadth, lanceo-
ate, tip a slender Spiral tendril, many-nerved, not plaited; sheath 2-auricled.
Panicle 6-18 in. broad and irregularly branched ; flowers clustered, sessile; bracts
‘cale-like. Sepals abont 7z in. long, white, subscarious, Stamens exserted ; anthers
as long as the filaments, deeply 2-fid at the base; ovary narrow, trigonous. Fruit
Pisiform, red. LF

, Tat. minor; stem very slender, leaves 3-5 by 4—1 in., panicle 1-3 in. broad. F.
minor, Blume in Roem. A Sch. Syst. vi. 1493 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 249, §
Suppl. $98, F, angustifolia, Wall. Cat. 5199.—Malay Peninsula.

2. SUSUM; Blume.

Stem stout, erect, simple or branched above. Leaves very long, sessile
?' petioled, many-nerved. Flowers dicecious, in broad panicles, sessile;
tacts minute or 0. Sepals unequal, orbicular, concave, inner petaloid.

ME FL. Stamens 6, adnate to the base of the sepals. Pistillode 3-6-
angled or 3-lobed, FL. FEM. Staminodes small or 0, stigmas 3, connate in
i lobed disk. Berry pisitorm, succulent, 1-3-seeded ; stigmas persistent,
ateral or excentric.—Species 2, Indian and Malayan.

l S- anthelminticum, Blume in Schultes. f. Syst. vii. 1493;
panicle broad spreading irregularly branched. Kunth Enum, iii. 371;
Miquel Fl. Ind.’ Bat. iù. 247; Thwaites Enum. 340. Hanguana, Blume

num. Pl. Jav. 15,

Maia iY PENINSULA and PENANG, common. CEYLON, in marshes.— DISTRIB.
Slands,
labrous, or oung leaves and panicle sparsely clothed with short cottony
Pubescence, Stem, 3-5 ft. high, stout, leafy tat tlie tip, or throughoat. Leaves
M ft. long, long petioled, lanceolate, acuminate, coriaceous, many- and “hin y
rel, with conspicuous (when dry) cross nervules; petiole 1-3 ft., base sheathing.
pnicle erect, shortly stoutly peduncled, decompound, rachis and branches stout.
quers about è in. broad, rather remotely sessile on the branches of the panic e,
Yellowish ; perianth segments orbicular, concave; filaments short, dilated below,

anthers ob ong. Berry usually 1-seeded,

2. S. malayanum, Planch. mss.; more or less pubescent with scat-
tered white hairs panicle narrow, branches whorled. Veratronia mala-
Jne Miquel Fl Ind, Bat. iii. 553. Veratrum ? malayanum, Jack in Imin.
ut \ v.25 (Hook. Bot. Misc. ii. 74); Wall. Cat. 3717. T. anthelmin-

Ge Maury in Rev. Hort. 1889, 77, f. 23.

ENANG, Perak, Sincarorg and Maracca.—DisrRIs. Malaya.
hig piseribed by Jack as with the leaves all radical and 3-4 ft. long; We Blumers
des “scription is taken from a young plant.—It may be kloe Wei intended
but Fassa" Willdenow) whether this or 5, anthelminticum is the plant intended,
or he assume that Miquel must have had access to the specimens 0 ily different
the eodd Not have described S. malayanum as a different genus. If really
? Species are very closely allied.

392 OLX. JUNCACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.).

Onnpn CLXII. JUNCACEZ.

Erect, rarely annual herbs; stems tufted or with a creeping rootstock.
Leaves flat, terete, or reduced to sheaths. Flowers in axillary or terminal
cymes, 2 sexual, bracteate, green, or whitish and membranous, or brown
and coriaceous. Perianth inferior, segments 6 in two series, persistent,
imbricate. Stamens 6, rarely 3, hypogynous or on the bases of the seg-
ments; anthers basifixed. Ovary l- or 3-celled, style filiform or short, or v,
stigmas 3, filiform; ovules 3 basilar in the 1-celled ovary, or many 1n the
inner angles of the 3-celled, anatropous. Capsule 1-3-celled, loculicidally
3-valved. Seeds erect, testa membranous, often produced at each end ;
albumen dense; embryo small, next the hilum.—Genera 14; species
about 200.

Ovary many-ovuled . . . e.’ oo a s.s. > l JUNCUS.
Ovary 1-celled 3-ovuled . e. e. 2... . . 2, LUZ

1. JUNCUS, Linn.

Glabrous herbs. Perianth with the 3 outer segments keeled or the
midrib thickened. Stamens 6, rarely 3. Ovary 3- rarely 1-celled, ovu
many.—Species about 150, temperate and arctic, rarely tropical.

Sect. I. Annual Stem copiously branched. Leaves not septate.
Cymes scattered, few-fld.

1. J. bufonius, Linn. Sp. Pl. 466; slender much dichotomously
branched from the base upwards, cymes numerous, flowers pale, ET;
solitary or clustered, sepals and petals unequal. Kunth Enum. 11. 997?
Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 395; Royle Ill. 401; Wall. Cat. 8997; Boiss ^^
Orient. v. 361; Buchen. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb, xii. 174. |

NORTHERN INDIA; from the plains to 13,000 ft. in the Himalaya, but local.
Distris. N. temp. regions. few.

Densely clustered, 1-12 in. high, erect or ascending, pale green. Ten ehes
setaceous, channelled above, sheaths pale. Cymes scattered on the stew, d open
short or long, often flexuous; bracts scarious; flowers 3—4 in. long, later inate
6-androus, terminal closed 3-androus; sepals and petals lanceolate, long acum sule
and with broad membranous margins. Stamens half as long as the sepals. CaP e.
shorter than and closely embraced by the perianth, obovoid, obtuse, mucronate,
Seeds very minute, finely reticulate, tips nearly rounded.

Sect. IT. Perennial. Rhizome stout, tufted and creeping. Stemi beni
terete, produced beyond the decompound cyme and then erect and P
gent; bases closed with rigid leafless sheaths. Leaves 0, or terete li
stem. Flowers usually distinctly pedicelled. 1

s

2. J. effusus, Linn. Sp. Pl. 326; stems soft, pith continuous, sepas
lanceolate exceeding the obovoid retuse capsule, stamens usually 3, ^t y.
not tailed at the ends. Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 920; Boiss. Fl. vim
352; Buchen. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. vi. 199 ; xii. 228. J.communis
Junc. 12; Kunth Enum. iii. 390.

Sikkim HIMALAYA, alt, 6-10,000 ft. Enn Hiris, alt. 5-5500 ft.
Europe, N. Asia, Africa, America, and Australia.

Usually forming circular densely matted tufts of pale green finely st le, e
1-3 ft. high, and 3-1 in. diam. ; spathes all leafless. Cymes most variab SCH
lax und pendulous with slender branches and distant flowers, or globose we

Dusrgif:

riate stems,

Juncus. | CLXII. JuNcacEx. (J. D. Hooker.) 393

with densely packed flowers. Sepals ~5-} in. Sfamens 3, rarely 6, shorter than
the sepals. Capsule obtuse or mucronate. Seeds very obtuse at each end, minute.
—A graceful form with effuse nodding or decurved very lax-flowered cymes 3-5 in.
long, long-pedicelled triandrous flowers and more or less interrupted pith, is common

in the Sikkim woods at 5-8000 ft. elevation.

$. J. glaucus, Ehrh. Beitr. vi. 83; stems rigid glaucous deeply
striate, pith interrupted, sepals lanceolate about equalling the ovoid mucro-
nate capsule, stamens 6, seeds obtuse at either end. Kunth Enum. iii. 316;
Thwaites Enum. 340; Wall. Cat. Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 353; Buchen. in
Engl. Bot. Jahrb. vi. 199; xii. 243; Reichb. Iv. Fl. Germ.t. 412. J. effusus,
Steud, Pl. Hohenack. .

WzrsrERN HIMALAYA, alt. 6-9000 ft., from Kashmir to Nepal; the NILGHIRI
Hitts and CEfLON.—DISTRIB. Europe, N. Asia, N. Africa. .

Habit of T. effusus, but usually stiffer and darker green with deeper striated
stems. I have great difficulty in referring some of the Himalayan dried specimens
whether to glaucus or to effusus.

4. J. maritimus, Lamk. Encycl. iii. 964; stem terete, basal sheaths
short pale, leaves few terete pungent, cyme decompound, branches erect,
sepals lanceolate acute, petals shorter oblong obtuse rather shorter than

* ovoid or conic 3-celled capsule, seeds shortly tailed at each end.
Kunth Enum. iii. 322; Buchen. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xii. 256; Reichb. Lc.
Fl. Germ. ix, t, 402 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 354.

Sandy shores of SINDH, Stocks, &c.—DisTRIB. Affghanistan and westward to
the Atlantic, N. and S. America, Australia.

Stems 2-4 ft., striate, pith solid ; basal sheaths narrow, obtuse, pungent or pro-
duced into a solid terete pungent leaf. Cyme 1-2 in. long; floral bracts ovate,
mucronate, margins broadly membranous ; sepals }—} in. long, pale green, margins
membranous; stamens 6, filaments dilated and connate at the base, anthers linear.
Capsule sometimes half as long again as the sepals, obtuse, mucronate, shining.

eeds oblong or obovoid.

Sect. ITI. Perennial. Stems simple, slender, leafy. Leaves filiform,
hot septate. Cymes terminal. Stamens 6, included. Capsule shorter or
nger than the perianth.

l d J. tenuis, Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 214; stem very slender tufted curved
e caved, leaves very slender flat or involute, cyme terminal rather
Gel E: lowers small distant or sparingly clustered, t
‘mate much longer than the 6 stamens, anthers shorter than their
„aments; capsule hardly exserted subglobosely trigonous. Kunth Enum.
308° ; Buchen. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xii. 193; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. ix. t.

re Grigith—Dister As., Am., N. Zealand.
i ao 9-18 in. and leaves wiry. uates rarely exceeding the stem, deeply striate ;
ne po embranous, 2-auricled. ` Cyme narrow or broad, compound, rarely dense: ”
ow Tact Or bracts filiform, usually exceeding the cyme; floral mem ranous ;
ers green ; Sepals spreading, à in. long; anthers shorter than their filaments ;
sibi, 2 short. Capsule mucronate. Seeds obovoid or oblong, apiculate,—
my introduced into Assam, as the species is spreading out of Europe.
Gei A compressus, Jacg. En. Sirtp. Vind. 60, 935; stems slender
w aved, leaves slender channelled, cyme terminal, branches spreading,
mg subsolitary, sepals linear-oblong obtuse about equalling the broadly

394 CLXII. JUNCACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Juncus.

ovoid obtuse capsule, stamens much shorter than the sepals, anthers
longer than their filaments. Kunth Enum. iii. 351; Buchen. m Engl. Bot.
Jahrb. xii. 185; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. ix. t. 899.

WESTERN HIMALAYA; Kashmir, Jacquemont ; alt. 7000 ft., Clarke.—Di8TRIP.
Westward to the Atlantic, N. Asia. .

Rootstock creeping ; stems, 6-24 in., tufted, rigid, fistular, subcompressed, striate.
Leaves shorter than the stem, nearly flat, or channelled above, tip subulate; sheath
auricled. Cyme shorter than the filiform lower bracts, compound, lax-fld. ; flowers
subsolitary ; sepals 1} in. long, with green or brown narrowly scarious margin’
Capsule 3-celled, shining, apiculate. Seeds very minute, apiculate, strongly ribbed.
—The capsule is shorter than in the usual form of J. compressus, aud as short as in
J. Gerardi, which is a salt marsh species (or variety of compressus), not uncommon

in Europe and N. Asia.

7. J. ochraceus, Buchen. in Abh. Nat. Ver. Brem. iii. 292; 1n Engl:
Bot. Jahrb. vi. 207, t. 2 ; xii. 415; stems slender, leaves filiform channel
above, cyme compound in small heads usually transformed into crow
plumose clusters of long shining yellow glumes, flowers small pale green
sepals narrow membranous subequal longer than the stamens, anthers
longer than the filaments, capsule exserted narrowly ovoid triquetrous
cuspidate, style long slender.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 5-9000 ft., abundant. Bnoraw, Griffith. e

Stem densely tufted, 8-12 in. high, grooved. Leaves equalling the stem,

shorter, 2-tubular, wiry; sheaths long-auricled. Cyme polymorphous, rome!
branched, invariably more or less reduced to feathery tufts of golden yellow $ ioter-
a fe

bracts and glumes-like subulate lanceolate sepals with very rarely very
mixed perfect flowers dispersed in small peduncled pale green heads or clusters, in
shortly pedicelled ; lower bract filiform, usually short, floral hyaline ; sepals A .
long, membranous, linear-lanceolate, l-nerved; sepals more oblong, neh le
apiculate ; anthers at length strongly twisted; ovary with the very slender 8 ty
nearly twice as long as the sepals. Capsule } in. long. Seeds not seen. by
remarkable plant, quite unlike any other, doubtfully referred to this section "
Buchenau ; perhaps better placed with J. filiformis.

Sect. IV. Perennial. Stem usually leafy upwards. Leaves terete y.
compressed, septate within, the septa more or less prominent externa
Cymes terminal; flowers densely clustered in small heads.

* Seeds long-tailed at both ends. Stamens exserted.

8. J. Grisebachii, Buchen. in Abhandl. Nat. Verein. Bremen, We
295 ; in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. vi. 202; xii. 265; stoloniferous, stem tall ston
cymes of several many-fid. pale yellow globose heads, sepals membra
equalling the ovoid long-beaked capsule, stamens exserted. a

SUBALPINE HIMALAYA ; Kumaon,alt. 11,000 ft., Duthie; Sikkim, alt. 10-14,000 ^»
J. D. H., Clarke. Buoran, Griffith.

Stems 8-18 in., soft, terete. Leaves as long as the stem, terete,
strongly septate. Cymes with spreading branches; lower bracts 1-3,
leaty, erect; flora! ovate to lanceolate, acuminate, membranous ; flowers
long, sessile or shortly pedicelled; sepals and petals subequal, acute ;
slender as long as their filaments; style slender. Capsule subterete, mn
almost 3-celled. Seeds very pale, fusiform, testa lax, tails as long
nucleus.

channelled,
very longs
in.

9. J. chrysocarpus, Buchen. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. vi. 201; xi. 0
stems tufted very slender 1-2-leaved, leaves filiform, cyme 8 "

Juncus. | CLXI. JUNCACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 395

mauy-fld. pale yellow globose or hemispheric head, sepals membranous
shorter than the long-beaked capsule.

Stxxim HIMALAYA, alt. 10-12,000 ft., J. D. H.; Clarke.

Stem as thick as packthread. Leaves equalling or exceeding the stem, strongly
or faintly (sometimes externally obscurely) septate. Cymes 3-2 in. diam.; lower
bracts produced and filiform or not ; flowers sessile; sepals } in. long, ovate.
lanceolate acuminate and petals almost hyaline; stamens, style and seeds as
in J. Grisebachii.—Differs trom Grisebachii in its small size, slender habit,
solitary head and smaller flowers. With difficulty distinguished from J. membra-
naceus, to which this and Grisebachii are most closely allied.

** Seeds not tailed. Stamens included.

10. J. punctorius, Linn. J. Suppl. 208; tall, stout, leaves cylindric
TT compressed multitubular with a central hollow, cyme terminal erect
ambellately compound, heads many and many-fld., sepals oblong-lanceo-
late acute, petals broader subacute, stamens 6, capsule equalling the sepals
ovoid mucronate 3-celled, seeds ovoid very minute. Kunth Enwm. iii.
382; Buchen. in Abh. Nat. Verein. Bremen, iv. 424; in Engl. Bot. Jahrb.
m. 277; Boiss, Fl. Orient. v. 357.
SINDA, Sfocks.—DrsTRIB. Westwards to Persia, Arabia and N. and S. Africa.
Pale green, 2 tt. high; rootstock stout creeping; stems soft often as thick as a
fse-quill. Leaves as long as the stem, and nearly as stout, acuminate, irregularly
Date, Cyme decompound; branches divaricate; bracts short, pungent, floral
hyaline acuminate; flowers brownish, sessile or shortly pedicelled ; sepals ,';—$ in.
ng, glumaceous ; stamens about 2 shorter than the :epals, filaments rather longer

an the anthers ; style long. Capsule prismatic, apiculate. Seeds costate and
Teticulate,

li. J. lampocarpus, Ehr. Calum. n. 126; stems erect or ascending
terete or compressed leafy, leaves linear-subulate unitubular strongly
septate, cymes subumbellately compound with divaricate branches bearing
‘mall 2-5-Ad. heads of sessile small flowers, stamens 6 much shorter than
the lanceolate subacute or obtuse sepals, capsule pyramidal mucronate

“celled, tip exserted, seeds obovoid. Kunth Enum. iii. 325; Boiss. Fi.
Orient, v. 358; Buchen. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xii. 376; Reichb. Ic. FT.
erm. ix, t. 405. J. articulatus, Lina. Sp. Pl. i. 327.
Norra West INDIA ; Lahore, Thomson; Jhelum river, Jacquemonf. HIMALAYA
and Wester TIBET, alt. 7-14 000 ft.; very common from Kashmir to Kundwur.—
Disters. North temp. regions."
b 1 ootstock horizontal; stems densely tufted, 4-10 in., rather stout, soft, at length
d Ow. Leaves terete or compressed, acute. Cyme with stout strict divaricate
res 4-1 in, long, bearing small heads at the forks and tips; lower bracts leafy,
oral ovate-lanceolate, mucronate ; heads 1—} in. diam. ; hemispheric ; sepals ġ in.
ong, green or brown, margins membranous ; anthers about equalling the filaments ;
“yle short, Capsule green or brown. Seeds reticulate, testa appressed.

12, J. prismatoca Br. Prodr. Fl. N. Holl. 259; stem erect
ebe or Compressed, loaves fliform or broader soft compressed or terete
ual many-tubular indistinctly externally distantly septate, cymes irre-
Buarly Compound, heads densely 6-10-fld., sepals subulate or lmear-
seeolate, stamens 3 much shorter than the sepals, style very short,
am le prismatic or conical rather longer than the sepals, seeds obovoid or

Psoid. Kunth Enum. PL iii. 33; Buchen. in Engl. Bot. JaArb. xii. 311;

‘quel, Fl. Ind. Bat, iii. 246. J. Leschenaultii, J. Gay in La Harpe

396 CLXII. JUNCACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Juncus.

Monogr. Junc. 137, 189; Kunth Enum. iii. 336; Thw. Enum. 340., J. Ka
lichianus, La Harpe l. c. 199; Kunth Le, 338. J. indicus, Royle ex f
in Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. 323; Wall. Cat. 8999. J. monticola, Steud.
Sun. Pl. Glum. ii. 301. Rostkovia ensiformis, Herb. Ham.—4J uncus,
Wall. Cat. 9000.

Plains of BENGAL and the PANJAB; ascending the Himalaya to 10,000 ft. Ké
Knasra HiLrs, and Deccan Ghats; BURMA; CEYLON.—DISTRIB. Eastern
Australia. . .

Very variable, cespitose, rootstock very short. Stems 18-24 Wé Sg
decumbent and rooting at the nodes, leafy, not septate. Leaves 2-10 by 35 ding;
always shorter than the stem, acute. Cymes erect, branches erect or spres long:
lower bract leafy, erect, shorterthan the cyme; floral hyaline, lanceo e long
acuminate ; heads hemispheric; flowers green or brown, sessile ; sepals $$ as long.
glumaceous; stamens very short, anthers oblong; style very short, WR test
Capsule usually much exceeding the perianth. Seeds very minute, apiculate,
appressed, reticulate.—' The commonest rush in wet meadows in Sikkim. "s

Var. sinensis; very slender, flaccid, prostrate and „creeping, pA Harpe
unitubular, cymes depauperate, heads few-fld. J. sinensis, J. Gay 13 Jin-
Monogr. June, 137; Kunth Enum. iii. 836; Buchen. l. c. vi. 203 ; xu. 979 Notul.
dicus, var. nanus, Royle Ill. Pl. Himal. 137. J. unibracteatus, Griff.

iii. 232.— Bengal, Nepal, and the Khasia hills, in very wet places.

13. J. leptospermus, Buchen. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. vi. 205;
339; stems tall, leaves cylindric unitubular, cymes decompous e the
heads crowded sub ó-fld., sepals subulate lanceolate shorter t than
narrow lanceolate beaked prismatic capsule, stamens 3 much shorter
the sepals, seeds linear-oblong.

Kuasta HiLZs, alt. 4-50C0 ft., Griffith, Clarke. fy above,

Stem 2-3 ft., as thick as a crow-quill, terete or subterete, smooth, leafy Cyme
at length fistular. Leaves shorter than the stem, septate, acuminate, i9
branches erect, stiff; lower bract leafy, floral hyaline, awned ; flowers ieri
prismatic ; sepals i-i in. long, very narrow, rigid, acuminate, margins D p*
membranous ; filaments rather longer than the anthers. Capsule 1-celle iocorpis,
fusiform, pointed at one end, testa close.—A taller plant than J. prismato t an
less leafy, with a much shorter cyme the branches of which are more erect,
with narrower seeds. `

Sect. V. Leaves narrow, channelled, terete or filiform, 1- many tobuli
septa very indistinct or 0. Cymes consisting of solitary or a few g snut-
or subglobose heads ; flowers usually large, white yellowish or che
brown. Stamens 6. Seeds scobiform or tailed at each end.

. . . ear
* Cyme a solitary sessile head. Leaves solitary or few, all at or ?
the base of the stem. Anthers included, or exserted.

. ves
14. J. triglumis, Linn. Sp. Pl. 328; stem slender stiff naked, éi s
short subulate, cyme terminal 3-4-fld. dark brown, bracts short, “Eng
oblong-lanceolate acute glumaceous, stamens included, filaments eq nate,
or longer than the small anthers, capsule exserted obtuse or p Bot:
seeds with long tails. Kunth Enum. iii. 358; Buchen. in 1. Germ.
Jahrb. vi. 213; xii. 388; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 355; Reichb. lc. AL
ix. t. 392,

ALPINE HIMALAYA and WESTERN Ter, alt. 12-15,000 ft., from Kas
Sikkim.—Drstr1B. Alpine and Arctic regions of the N. hemisphere. sat
Stems 2-6 in., tufted, not stoloniferous, Leaves stitf, 2-tubular. Cyme

hmir to

in.

Juneus.] CLXII. JUNCACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 397

diam., outer bracts dark brown, spreading, usually shorter than the sessile flowers ;
sepals 3-1 in.; inner rather broader, tips membranous; style and stigmas short.
Seeds 3, in. long, including the long white tails.

15. J. leucomelas, Royle ex Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. 320;
stem filiform naked, leaves 1-2 filiform very short, cyme a 3-8-fld. white
head, bracts brown lower usually produced, sepals linear-oblong obtuse
membranous, anthers very long exserted, capsule ovoid-oblong shortly
exserted, seeds long-tailed. Buchen. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. vi. 211; xii.
391. J. Thomsoni, Buchen. in Bot. Zeit. xxv. (1867) 148; in Engl. Bot.
Jahrb. xii, 390.

WzsrERN HIMALAYA and WESTERN TIBET; from Kashmir to Sikkim, alt.
12-16,000 ft.—DISTRIB. Mongolia.

„Stems tufted, 2-6 in., not stoloniferous, hollow. Leaves l-2-tubular. Cyme

itary; upper bracts pale, membranous ; sepals subequal, 1-3 in. long; inner with
membranous margins ; anthers rather shorter than the filaments ; style and stigmas
short, Capsule l-celled. Seeds 45 in. long.—1 cannot distinguish J. Thomsoni

except by its dark chesnut colrd. flowers, a very variable character.

l6. J. bracteatus, Buchen. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. vi. 220; xii. 397 ;
stem very slender (rarely l-leaved?), leaves few short filiform, cyme a
solitary 3-5-fld. hemispheric head much exceeded by the horizontal filiform
ower bracts, flowers pale or dark, sepals oblong-lanceolate membranous

pots, anthers exserted, style long, capsule included beaked, seeds shortly
aled.

SUBALPINE HIMALAYA, alt. 12,000 ft.; Garwhal, Duthie; Sikkim, J. D. H.
Stems tufted, 6-8 in., fistular; basal sheaths soft. Leaves subcompressed
tubular, Cyme } in. broad, upper bracts rather membranous, brown, equalling the
shortly pedicelled flowers ; sepals } in. long; anthers linear, as long as the fila-
ments, Capsule ovoid, l-celled. Seeds scobiform, testa shortly produced at each
ead.—Buchenan places this in the group with a leaf on the stem, this may occur
pcasionally, but I think that specimen of J. leucanthus may have been mixed with
acteatus, On the other hand the absence or presence of a stem leaf in the species
of this section is I fear far from a good one, and J. bracteatus is perhaps only a
rm of leucomelas,
* Oy me a solitary sessile head. Stem with one or more leaves above

the middle. Anthers exserted, linear.

l7. J. leucanthus, Royle ex Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. 318;
stem slender, basal sheaths hard brown, leaves filiform, cyme solitary
m - pale y ellow, bracts short brown, sepals oblong-lanceolate subacute
seed, ranous, capsule and long style exserted beaked with the long style,
d 8 with very short tails. Buchen. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. vi. 218; xn.

— Wall. Cat. 9002 B and 3480 in part.

ALPINE HrALAYA ; from Kumaon to Sikkim, alt. 11-13,000 ft.

tem 6-8 in., tufted, at length hollow. Leaces very slender, uppermost equalling
ww tem, unitubular, subacute. Cyme j-j in. diam., bracts ovate-oblong, acute,

ermost, equalling the flowers, sometimes produced to l in.; flowers shortly
slender Sepals 2 in. long; anthers half as long as the filaments ; style long,
Seeds i gmas Short. Capsule obovoid-oblong, cuspidately beaked, ej n `
Var, aly , quely ovoid, testa loose shortly produced at each end. Buc any ‘a
with "itm Ql e. xii, 395), from Jongri in Sikkim (alt. 13,000 ft., Clarke), sma
rown cymes and smaller flowers.

18. J. membranaceus, Royle ex Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii.

398 CLXIIL. JUNCACEH. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Juncus.

320; stem tall slender 1—-3-leaved, leaves filiform acute, cyme many-fid.
white exceeded or not by the lower bract, sepals oblong-lanceolate obtuse
membranous inner longer, capsule usually far exserted long-beaked, seeds
with very long tails. Buchen. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xii. 397. J. Hoffmeister,
Klotzsch in Bot. Reis. Pr. Waldem. 60, t. 98; Buchen. l.c. vi. 990. J.
benghalensis, Kunth Enum. iii. 360; Buchen. l. c. vi. 211; xii. 400. J.
sphenostemon, Buchen. l. c. xii. 401. J. concinnus, in part Herb. Hook. f.
& T. Isolepis sp. Wall. Cat. 348 A.

LEMPERATE and SUBALPINE HIMALAYA, alt. 6-13,000 ft., from Kashmir to
Sikkim.

Stems 5-20 in., tufted, stoloniferous, at length fistular; basal sheaths mem-
branous. Leaves slender, channelled, or flattish above, tubular; sheath long,
»uricled. Cyme 8-24-fld, ; lower bracts variable, floral ovate-lanceolate, hyaline ;
flowers shortly pedicelled; sepals nearly 4 in. long; anthers half as long as the
filaments, style and stigmas short. Capsule often half as long again as the sepals,
l-celled, Seeds ji in. long, tails longer than the nucleus. ` J. sphenostemon
appears to me to be only a poor small state of membranaceus, the anthers are not
cuneate, but almost exactly linear; its seeds are not ripe. J. benghalensis was
founded on a Wallichian specimen of membranaceus with a false locality.

*** Cyme compound of several heads.

+ Stoloniferous. Flowers large (4 in. long and upwards). Stamens
included.

19. J. sphacelatus, Decne. in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 172, t. 172; ee
stout terete leafy, leaves involute, cyme of 2-5 clustered or distant an
superposed erect dark brown 2-5-fld. heads, lower bract elongate, sepa
narrowly lanceolate much longer than the stamens and prismatic bea ei
capsule, seeds long-tailed. Buchen. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. vi. 225; xi. 7"
—Juncus, Wall. Cat. 9001 in part.

ALPINE HIMALAYA; from Kashmir to Sikkim, alt. 12-16,000 ft.— DISTRU'
Affghan, Turkestan. .

Stems 8-16 in., tufted, smooth, fistular; stolons as thick as a crow-quill. on
strict, obtuse or acute, unitubular, obscurely septate. Cyme with the heads usua d
distant, sessile or peduncled ; floral bracts lanceolate, acuminate ; sepals 3 to acd
3 in, long, thinly glumaceous, tips finely acuminate, of inner hyaline; ant en
iucluded , about equalling the filaments. Capsule dark brown, obtuse, mucronat,
3-septate. Seeds t in. long, tails very slender.

20. J. himalensis, Klotzsch & Garcke in Bot. Reis. Pr. Waldem. 60
t. 97; stem tall stout rigid, leaves filiform or involute, cyme of 2 oF ai
dark brown 3-8-fld. heads, lower bract elongate, outer sepals lanceo eg
inner linear-oblong with broad membranous margins and tip rather long
than the stamens and the ovoid long-beaked capsule, seeds long-taiec-
Buchen. in Engl. Bot Jahrb. vi. 999, t. 3; xii. 405. J. scirpoides, acquem:

mss. J.castaneus, Herb. Ind. Or. Hook. f. et Thoms. Juncus No. 7.—J uncus
Wall. Cat. 9001, in part.

ALPINE and SUBALPINE HIMALAYA, alt. 7-14,000 ft.; from Kashm!
Western Tibet to Bhotan, bul
Stems 8-20 in., erect, leafy below, 1-leaved above, hollow. Leaves t" mm ;
channelled above, obscurely septate ; auricles obscure. Cyme irregularly branc e

r avd

ar,

Juneus.] CLXIL JUNCACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 399

3 shorter than the filaments ; style slender, stigmas long. Capsule nearly twice as
long as the sepals, tip conical beaked, dark brown, shining. Seds nearly 4 in. long,
tails very slender.—Very near J. castaneus, of which it may be considered a large
more robust form, with more membranous sepals, and filaments longer in proportion
tothe anthers. Buchenau makes two varieties; genuina, with slender stem and
leaves, very long stigmas, and an ovoidly prismatic obtuse mucronate capsule, and
var. Schlagentwettii (Sp. Buchen. in Nachr. Koen. Ger. Wiss. Goett. 1869, 255) ;
stouter, with leaves cylindric below and subulate above, aud more narrowly margined
inner sepals.

21. J. sikkimensis, Hook. f. in Hook. Ic. Pl. ined.; rootstock very
stout creeping, stem stout base clothed with red brown rigid sheaths, leaf
solitary or few terete or compressed equalling the stem, cyme of two
dark brown unilateral sessile 4-6-fld. heads, lower bracts foliaceous
sheathing longer than the heads, sepals glumaceous outer lanceolate
finely acuminate, inner linear-oblong obtuse, anthers included much
eger than the very short filaments, capsule included, seeds with short
Stout tails.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA; Lachen valley, alt. 12-14,000 ft. J. D. H.
Rootstock as thick as a small quill; sheaths of stem 4-1 in. long; stem and
channelled leaf solid, soft. Bracis 1-2 in., erect or horizontal, its sheath brown.
rwers sessile; floral bracts broad, membranous, equalling the flowers; sepals
In. long, smooth, shining, very dark brown, inner with membranous tips ;
stamens half the length of the sepals, anthers linear, at length twisted. Ovary
small; style very slender, exserted, stigmas long. Capsule hardly exceeding the
Sepals, obovoid, acute, shortly beaked, dark brown, shining, 3-septate. Seeds de in.
long, with thick white tails.

h Var. monovephala ; much smaller, very slender, stem filiform, cyme a solitary
oa with an erect stout filiform lower bracts 4-1 in. long, sepals } in.— Lachen valley,
ikkim, alt. 12,000 ft.

tt Coespitose, not stoloniferous. Stem more or less leafy. Flowers
(about 2 in, long). Anthers exserted.

22. J. concinnus, Don Prodr. Fl. Nep. 44; in Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii.
321; stem slender, leaves flat or channelled, cyme branched of 2-7 very

e 6-10-fid. heads, sepals oblong-lanceolate acute membranous, inner
rather shorter obtuse, anthers far exserted, much shorter than their fila-
ments, capsule ov oig. beak stout exserted, seeds very minute shortly pro-
le, i One end. Buchen. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. vi. 215, t. 2; xii. 406. J.
wë, Royle ex Buchen. in Bot. Zeit. 1867, 146.—Juncus, Wall. Cat.

K TEMPKRATE and ALPINE HIMALAYA, alt. 7-13,000 ft., from Kashmir to Sikkim.
“Asta Hilts, alt, 5-6000 ft.
Stems tufted on a tuberous rootstock, 4-8 in. high, hollow, sulcate. Leaves few,

area filiform or involute, many-tubular ; sheath membranous. Cyme MM
done, Preading branches; heads 1-3 in. diam., at length spherical; lowest bract

» slender, or like the floral short and membranous ; flowers subsessile, white
see owish ; sepals 4 in. long; filament four times as long as the anther H style
brow, ? Stigmas short, Capsule very pale, shining. Seeds exceedingly long minute,

“~Meaves sometimes flat as in J. Clarkei.

23. y khasi j , ii. 407 ; very slender
We ensis, Buchen. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xii. 407 ; very ,

white few filiform curved channelled, ymo of usually two (1-3) 3-103.
* heads, bracts all shorter than the lanceolate obtuse sepals,

400 CLXU, JUNCACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [Juncus

le as long as
anthers exserted j shorter than the slender filaments, capsule |
the sepals narrowly lanceolate prismatic, seeds with slender tails.

Kuasta Hinis, Griffith (Kew distrib. 5451), alt. 5-5500 ft., Clarke.

Stems 4-10 in., hed eret grooved, leafless above. Leaves e
the stem, wiry; sheath membranous. Heads usually 2, a later an pairere
sessile, 3-2 in. diam., quite white ; bracts 3-4, ovate, acute, rarely ne y aen a
and exceeding the sessile flowers; outer sepals j in. long, keeled, i pec
longer; anthers linear; style slender, exserted, stigmas short. Lac hom A
Seeds +; in. long.—The long narrow capsules distinguish this at on
concinnus.

24, J. nematocaulon, Hook. f. in Hook. Ic. Pl. ined | BR
capillary grooved flexuous, leaves capillary channelled, cymes o mall pale
1-3-fld. heads, bracts very short lower rarely capillary, sepals s nming
green lanceolate acuminate not half as long as the prismatic ac slender
pale capsule, anthers far exserted much shorter than the very
filaments, style long, stigmas short.

Assam ; on the Naga hills, Jakpho, alt. 9900 ft., Clarke. . di,

Stems tufted, 1-11 n. 1-leaved above, sometimes with only one terminal E
and a capillary bract. Leaves few, flexuous; sheaths very short, m als which
Flowers sessile, floral bracts membranous about as long as the pale wei in. long,
equal the petals and are à in. long, l-nerved. Capsule with the bea ne end au
membranous, pale shining, l-celled. Seeds with a long slender tail at o cios, all
an equally long inflated one at the other.—A very singular (annual ?) b lon er than
to J. concinnus and khasiensis, differing from both in the capsule much Jong
the sepals. Seeds not seen,

H -like,
Sect. VI. Perennial. Leaves flat or with involute margins, grass ge
strongly nerved. Cymes of several capitate clusters.

. L
25. J. minimus, Buchen. in Hot. Zeit. 1867, 145; im Engl. P
Jahrb. vi. 209; xii. 412; stem short stout, leaves chiefly basal, GC emt
1-2 3-6-fld. dark chesnut sessile heads, lower bract usually ter acute,
sepals lanceolate glumaceous finely acuminate, petals shor e ds ved
stamens included, capsule exserted turgid obtuse or retuse, Së
minute, testa forming an oblong very loose sac.

SikKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 16-18,000 ft., J. D. H. d, grooved:

Rootstock short, stout ; stems 2-4 in., densel y tufted, naked or soa tsalle heads
Leaves shorter than the stem, i-i in. broad. flat, grooved. Cyme with dor; anthers
3-4 in. diam. ; flowers subsessile ; sepals 1 in. long; petals rather broade as sbort.
swall, much shorter than the filaments; ovary ovoid; style and SUE reds de in.
Capsule rarely half as long again as the sepals, dark brown, shining. vmes “occu!
long, testa white, rounded at both ends.—Imperfect flowers, or even OTT"
amongst the basal leaves,

. ii, 4133
26. J. Clarkei, Buchen, in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. vi. 210; tom M .
stoloniferous, stem slender many-leaved, leaves longer than the 8 w-colrd.
flat, grass-like, cyme of 1-5 globose peduncled 4- many-fld. straw ,
heads, lower bract leafy, sepals lauceolate membranous, stamens ` slendet
capsule much exserted prismatic long-beaked, seeds with long
tails.

. NNI-

Sikkim HIMALAYA, alt. 10-13,000 ft, J. D. H. Buotay, Griffith. Me
PORE, on Jakpho, alt. 9900 ft., Clarke, 1 acuminate,
Stems 6-10 iu., tufted, terete, striate. Leaves 1} in. broad, finely icelled ;
flaccid ; sheaths membranous. Cyme with heads 34—% in. diam ; flowers about i
sepals j-i in. long, outer lanceolate, inner more oblong; anthers linear,

Juncus.) CLXII. JtNCACEE, (J. D. Hooker.) 401

' shorter than the filaments ; style Jong, slender, stigmas short. Capsule mem-
branous, pale, shining. Seeds } in. up, includi g the very long tails.—Leaves
often involute and very slender as in J. concinnus, but seeds very different.

2. LUZULA, DC.

Leaves grass-like, hairy. Perianth-segments glumaceous. Stamens 3
or6. Ovary 1-celled, 3-ovuled.—Species about 30, temperate and Asiatic.

| l. L. plumosa, E Meyer in Linnæa, xxii. (1849) 387 ; cyme subum-
` lellate, branches very slender, flowers solitary, testa produced into a horn-
. like appendage. Buchen. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. vi. 195 and xii. 85. L.
| pilosa, var. plumosa, C. A. Meyer ex Franch. in Now. Arch. Mus. Paris,
- X (1887) 100. L. Forsteri Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. Juncus plumosus,
| Wall. mss.— Wall. Cat. 9003.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, alt, 9-10,000 ft.; from Kumaon eastwards, KHASIA
Hits ; alt. 6000 ft., Clarke.—DrstRis. China.

Perennial, 6-18 in. high. Leaves linear, acuminate, 1—3 in. broad, glabrous or
sparsely ciliate with very long hairs. Branches of cyme capillary, very unequal,
divaricate, few-fld, 3. bracts scarious, much shorter than the lowers. Sepals 5-4 in.,

ceolate, acuminate, pale brown. Stamens6. Capsule oblong, obtuse or apiculate,
about as long as the sepals,

2. L. effusa, Buchen. in -Engl. Bot, Jahrb. vi. 196; xii. 106; cyme
very laxly paniculately branched, branches divaricate very long and
slender, flowers solitary sessile or pedicelled, testa with a terminal boss.

Be Himataya, alt. 9-10,000 ft., J. D. H., Clarke. MUNNIPORE; on
Jakpho, alt, 9500 ft., Clarke.
„Perennial, 12-24 in. high. ` Leaves linear, }-} in. broad, glabrous or sparsely
tlliate below, Cyme long-peduncled ; branches 1-3 in. long; bracts ovate, acute,
NC Sepals 3—5 in. long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, pale or dark brown.
ramens 6. (apsule oblong, rather longer than the sepals, obtuse, mucronate.—The
unnipore specimens have leaves A in. broad, and a closer inflorescence, with shorter

“apsules; the seeds appear to be diseased.

b S de campestris, DC. Fl. Franc. iii. 161; cyme subumbellately
Tanched, flowers in peduncled capitate clusters, testa apiculate at the tip
Seel at the base. Buchen. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. v. 198; xii. 155;
mat: Fl, Orient, v. 349 ; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. ix. t. 375, 376. Juncus
“ampestris, Linn, Sp. Pl. i. 329:
The EXPERATE and ALPINE HIMALAYA ; alt. 10—14,000 ft., from Kashmir eastwards.
gius, TN NILGHIRI and ANAMALLAY Hits, alt. 5-7000 ft.—DisrRIB. N. temp.
perennial, 6-18 in. hi ‘es 1-1 in. broad, glabrous or ciliate. Branches
Pose’ very Unequal, ai Mi i-i in. diam.: bracts very short, scarious.
ha era sessile, Sepals 15-35 in. long, pale or dark brown, ovate-lanceolate, acumi-
obtuse Qamens 6. Capsule shorter than the sepals, broadly oblong or (7 ose,
ommon g mucronate.—I have described above only the Indian form
"ropean one) of this widely diffused and variable plant.

leen ii it blong droop-
` $n a, DC. Fl. Franc. iii. 161; cyme a solitary oblong
Km nodding bracteate head, testa rounded at the tip, caruncled at jhe
Ws; Reigen: in Engl, Bot. Jahrb. v. 197; xii. 127; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v.

H
von, yet Te. Fl, Germ, ix. t. 379. od

102 cLxi. JUNCACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Luzula.

ALPINE HIMALAYA ; from Kashmir to Kumaon, alt. 12-14,500 ft., Royle, &c.—
Distris. North Alpine and Arctic regions. .

Perennial, 2-10 in. high. Leaves densely fascicled, radical 1-4 in. long,
js-} in. broad, channelled, ciliate or not. Cyme 4-$ in. long; lower bract leafy,
usually elongate, floral as long as the flowers, lanceolate, aristate ; bracts brown with
broad white membranous ciliate margins and tip. Sepals j in. long, ovate-lan-
ceolate, aristate, very dark brown. Stamens 6. Capsule oblong, obtuse, shorter
than the sepals,

DOUBTFUL SPECIES,
L. sp. ?; Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 10-11,000 ft., J. D. H., Pantling ; referred by
Buchenau doubtfully to the European L. parviflora, var. subcongesta, but in much
too young a state for identification. The bracts are ciliate, the sepals ovate acum!-

nate and the stamens are 3 only.—There are other Himalayan species in too imperfect
a state for determination.

Orver CLXIII. PALMEZ.

By Dr. O. Beccari & J. D. Hooker.

Shrubs or trees, solitary or gregarious, naked or prickly, rarely pubes-
cent. Stem erect scandent or decumbent, rarely branched above. Beie
alternate, plaited in bud, pinnatisect or palmate, rarely simple or bipinnate;
petiole sheathing. Flowers 1- or 2-sexual, small, in panicles or spikes e
are enclosed in one or more large sheathing bracts (spathes), usua y
3-bracteate. Perianth inferior, segments 6 in two series (sepals an .
petals) usually all free, imbricate or valvate. Stamens 3 or 6, rarely more;
anthers versatile. Ovary 1-3-celled or of 3 1-celled carpels; stigmas “
usually sessile; ovules 1-2 in each carpel, adnate to the wall, base, OT top
of the cell, anatropous. Fruit a 1-3-celled drupe or hard berry or of bri-
carpels; pericarp smooth, rough, or clothed with shining scales that Ke déi
cate downwards. Seeds erect or laterally attached, rarely pendu uet
raphe usually branching all over the testa ; albumen horny or bony, "t e
(equable) or ruminate ; embryo small, in a small cavity near the "i "
of the albumen.—Genera about 130, species about 1100, chiefly tropic

I am deeply indebted to Dr. Beccari for the generous loan of the mss. of his mon
valuable researches on the Palms of British India, which form the materials Onder
elaborate treatise on all the Asiatic and Malayan genera and species of tar or
of which fragments have appeared in his (now abandoned) admirable, $ ri
" Malesia." The mss. include materials for framing more or less complete dese e.
tions of most of the Indian Palms, with notes on others ; and are very volum
many closely written foolscap pages being often devoted to a single species. ]wa js
and the fact of the whole being in Italian, and in an orthography that js not a Ge
legible, requires me to crave Dr. Beccari's and my readers' indulgence, if in the m
of diagnoses and descriptions I have in any case misinterpreted his stateme
or views.

It was, indeed, a great disappoint . Beccari decline
take the completion f his work. and tho drawing wp of. specific diagnoses in the fore
adopted in the Flora of British India, a task which he is so good as to assure »t
would have gratified him to have accomplished, had he not definitely given s as
further study of botany. This has compelled me to associate my name vith than
joint author, which I do with great reluctance, for he is not only more familiar a
am with the genera through his long journeys in the Malayan Archipelago, by ined
collected together and examined, for the purpose of his work, the materials re after
in all the principal European and Indian Herbaria, It remains to ad d r.
having examined all available specimens at Kew, I have throughout adopt usly

; oat ees N vio
Beccari’s systematic disposition of the species, and his names for those pre
undescribed.

d to under-

CLXIH. PALMEX. (Beccari & Hook. f.) 403

, Trise I. Arecese. Leaves pinnatisect ; leaflets free with reduplicate
sides, or confluent as a plaited limb. Flowers moncecious or dicecious.
Seeds with ventral raphe and dorsal embryo.

A. Spadix infrafoliar (that is flowering after the fall of the leaf in
the axil of which it was formed).

, Subtribe 1. EvanEcEX. Male fl, ansymmetric; sepals small; petals
imbricate. Stigma in the fruit terminal.-—Spadix androgynous; flowers
usually ternate, the middle one female.

* Ovule basilar, erect.

Male fl. minute, solitary or 2-nate towards the tips of the
branches, 3- or 6-androus ; fem. larger solitary. Albumen

mmimte, e, 1. ARECA,
le fl. one on each side of a fem., stamens 6 or more.
Albumen ruminate. . . . 0. 0.0.0. + 2 PINANGA.

** Ovule parietal.

Male f, 6-androus; sepals equalling or longer than the
Petals ; fem. sepals and petals broadly imbricate. Albu-
men ruminate o o o. eet o. eon
ale fl. 9-12-androus; fem. petals with valvate tips. Albu-
men ruminate , , , , foe m n ot n

3. NENGA.
4. Loxococcus.

Subtribe2. PrycuosrERwEX. Male fl. symmetric ; sepals broad, rounded,
imbricate, Stigma in the fruit terminal. Ovule parietal or pendulous
om the tip of the cell.—Spadix androgynous, flowers usually ternate, the
middle one female.
Stamens 6, Albumen ruminate. Leaflets acuminate.
Bta 8 deeply grooved along the raphe . . + es >
mens 6-15. Albumen equable, Leaflets entire or
obliquely 2-toothed ee ot t t t
f Subtribe 3. ONcosPERMEX. Male fl. symmetric or not; sepalsimbricate ;
'8ma in fruit lateral or basilar.
€ sepals small, acute. Stamens 6-12. Albumen rumi-
nate, Armed palms; leaflets acuminate e.:
i B. Spadix interfoliar (lowering while the leaf in whose axilit is formed
Still green) or infrafoliar in some Caryotidex.
Subtribe 4. T : . fem. fl between two
. Ievanurem. Spadix androgynous ; . .
nts male sepals broadly imbricate. Ovudes basilar or parietal. Stigma
rut lateral or basilar.

tamens 6-9 Ov : : : ; il
2-9. ules parietal. Stigma in fruit basilar or
“ubbasilar, Leaflets obliquely truncate e>

5. PTYCHORAPHIS.

6. CYRTOSTACHYS.

7. ONCO8PERMA.

8. IGUANURA.

sunk in cavities

t Sübtribe 5. GEONOMEX. Spadices unisexual ; flowers ‘Stigma in fruit

bailar aches ; perianth glumaceous; sepals imbricate.

: ts free, Leaflets acuminate i Wee
ubtri . ; . flowers solitary, or
tiras ribe CanvorrpEx. Spadices unisexual; [i of both sexes

ning EEN the fem. placed above the others.
p»pd2

404 oam, PALMES. (Beccari & Hook. f.)

* Spathes many; flowers symmetric ; stigma in the fruit terminal,

Male calyx tubular, Stamens 6. Albumen equable . . . 10. Wu
Male calyx cupular. Stamens many. Albumen equable . 1 L pido `
Male sepals 3. Stamens many. Albumen equable. . . . 12. ARENGA.

Male sepals 3. Stamens many. Albumen ruminate. . . 13. CARYOTA.
** Spathes 2; flowers unsymmetric; stigma in the fruit basilar.

vg mi . Albumen
Ten minate. Stamens 3 or 6, extrorse, "ËTT 4. ORANIA.

ANOMALOUS GENUS.
Male fl. in catkin-like branches of a drooping androgynous NIPA
spadix ; fem. capitate at the apex of the spadix . . . . 15. NIPA.

Trise II. Phoenicese. Leaves pinnatisect; leaflets with "dag
sides. Spadices interfoliar; spathe solitary. Flowers dicecious. embryo
of 3 free carpels, one only ripening. Seed ventrally grooved;
usually dorsal. 16. PHOENIX.

Tare III. Coryphew. Leaves flabelliform, orbicular or cuneifir™
plaited, lobes or segments with induplicate sides. Spadices intes LV ol
spathes many. Flowers usually bisexual. Ovary entire or 3-lo de Pith a
1-3 smooth earpels. Fruit smooth, except Pholidocarpus. See
small hilum; raphe ventral.

* Stigma in the fruit basal. Albumen equable.

Ovary 3-lobed; style short, Embryo apical. . . . . 17. CoRYPHA. i
Ovary 3-celled; style subulate. Embryo dorsal . . . . 18. NaNNORHOP

** Stigma in the fruit terminal. Albumen equable ; embryo dorsal.

Ovary of 3 trigonous carpels ; style filiform. . . . . . 19. LICUALA
Ovary of 3 globose carpels ; styles 3, free or coherent . . 20. LIVISTONA.

*** Albumen ruminate; embryo basal.

D Us.
Fruit small, smooth»... .. . ....... 2L TRACHYCAR S
bruit large, tuberculate or tessellate 22. PHOLIDO

D

. . dü-
.TmiBE IV. Lepidocarpese. Leaves pinnatisect, leaflets weier?

plicate sides. Spadices interfoliar or terminal; spathes usua M imbri-

Ovary l-3-celled. Fruit clothed with reflexed shining closely

: | . except
cating appressed seales.— Leaves copiously and strongly armed,
Metroxylon.

* Polycarpic palms, flowering annually.

t Leaflets acuminate, quite entire, nerves parallel.

Stem elongate. Spathes tubular, persistent . ED . 23. CALAMUS.
Stem elongate. Spathes cymbiform or open, deciduous . . 24. DxMONOB
Stem short or 0. Spathes many, persistent . 25. ZALacca.

HOPS.
. 7 late.
tt Leaflets rhomboid cuneate or oblanceolate, toothed ; nerves flabel

SIA.
Stem short or 0, Spathes many persistent 96. KORTHAL
. A D D D e . vs.
Stem scandent, Spathe s itary, deciduous > | | l l l 97. CERATOLOP

CLXIU. PALMEA. (Beccari & Hook. f.) 405

** Monocarpic palms, flowering once and then dying.
T Spadices axillary from the uppermost leaves.

Stem scandent. Spadix with long amentiform branches
clothed with large closely imbricating inflated spathels
that conceal the spikelets of lowers . . . . . . . . 28, PLECTOCOMIA.

Stem scandent. Spadix much branched, the branches bear-
ing small infundibular spathels, each containing a small
spikelet. Scales of fruit distinct. — . . . . . . . 29, PLECTOCOMTOPSIS.

Stem scandent. Spadix as of the preceding ; scales of fruit

most minute . 30. MYRIALEPIs.

tt Spadix very large, terminal.

Stems short, tufted. Leaves armed . . . . . . . . 31. KUGEISSONIA,
tem stout, erect. Leaves unarmed . . . . . . . . 82. METROXYLON.

Tree V. Borasses. Lvaves flabelliform. Spadices interfoliar ;
spathes numerous, sheathing. Flowers dioecious; males minute, sunk in
cavities of the catkin-like branches; perianth glumaceous; fem. very
arge, sessile on very short branches of a very stout spadix, each clothed

with large coriaceous rounded bracts.
33. BORASSUS.

, Tere VI, Cocoinese. Leaves pinnatisect, leaflets with reduplicate

sides, Spadices interfoliar, unisexual or androgynous ; spathes 2. Ovary

celled, stigmas terminal. Fruit a drupe with a fibrous pericarp and

terminal stigmas ; endocarp woody or stony, with 3 terminal pits of which

vo answer to arrested cells, the third is immediately over the position of

the embryo in the subjacent albumen. Seed adherent to the endocarp by
e diffuse reticulations of the raphe, which ramities all over the seed.

34, Cocos.

l. ARECA, Linn.

Stem erect, annulate. Leaves pinnate. Spadices infrafoliar, branched ;
MALE FL, many, minute; sepals small; petals obliquely lanceolate, valvate.
pamens 3 or 6; anthers basifixed, erect. FEM. FL. much larger, few at
the base of the branches ; perianth acrescent; sepals and petals orbicular,
Inbricate, the petals with acute valvate tips; ovary l-celled; stigmas 3,
Sessile ; ovule basal, erect. Fruit ovoid or oblong, stigmas terminal.
abo With a truncate base, albumen ruminate, embryo basilar.—Species

ut 24, tropical Asia and Australia.

l. A. Catec inn. Sp. Pl. 1189; hexandrous, trunk tall, fruit
oid. Bet. Cor BLA sk, e756 FL Ind. di 613; Mart. Hist, Nat.
«m. lii. 169, t. 102 ; Kunth Enum. iii. 184; Blume Rumph. iii. 65, t. 102 A.
4. 104; Grif. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 153; Palms of Brit. ind.
Ti. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 8; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 586; Gamble Man. Ind.

inb, 42] ; Scheff. Arec. 9; in Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 1. 144, t. i. v. iii.
Cochi Areca F aufel, Gertn. Fruct. i. 19, t. 7, f. 2. A. hortensis, Lour. Fl.
Inch. 568.— Rheede Hort. Mal. i. t. 5-8.

Cultivated in the hot damp regions of Asia and
"unk solitary, 40-100 tt. Leaves 4-6 ft.;

the MALAYAN ISLANDS.
leaflets numerous, 1-2 ft., upper

406 CLXIII. PALME. (Beccari & Hook. f.) [Areca.

confluent, quite glabrous. Spathe glabrous, compressed. Spadia much branched,
rachis stout compressed, branches with filiform tips bearing more or less distichous
minute male fl, Fem. fl. solitary at the bases and axils of the branches ; sepals
i in, ovate, obtuse; petals subsimilar; staminodes 6, connate. Fruit 14-2 in.,
smooth, orange or scarlet.—Betel nut.

2. A. concinna, Ta. Enum. 328; hexandrous, trunk short slender,
fruit subfusiform.

Crrton, Reigam and Pasdoon Corles, Thwaites.

Trunk 8-12 ft., 143-13 in. diam., green. Leaves about 7, 3-34 ft. long, sub-
glabrous, leaflets 2 ft. long. Spadiz and flowers as in A. Catechu. Fruit 1} in.
long, umbonate, reddish yellow.

3. A. nagensis, Grif. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 156 ; Palms Brit.
Ind. 149 ; triandrous, trunk tall, fruit narrowly ovoid. `

Assam, in the Naga hills, Jenkins.

Trunk 30-40 ft. Leaves 7 ft.; leaflets 19-20 in. Spadim 1 ft., branches stout,
flexuose. Fruit 1 in., narrowed at both ends.—Description from Griffith, who
states that the leaves were imperfect and open to doubt from their resemblance to
A. gracilis (Pinanga gracilis).

4. A. triandra, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 68; Fl. Ind. iii. 617; triandrous,
stems tufted slender, fruit ellipsoid. Ham. in Mem. Wern. Soc. v. 310;
Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. t. 149; Griff. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 154;
Palms Brit. Ind. 148, t 230 A.; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 537.

CHITTAGONG, MaRTABAN, TENASSERIM, the ANDAMAN ISLANDS, and the
MALAYAN PENINSULA.

Stems 12-25 ft. by 1-1} in. diam., green, sendiug out basal offshoots. Leaves
4-6 ft. ; petiole slender; leaflets 1}-3 ft., lateral sometimes as well as the terminal
confluent. Spathe 1 foot or more. Spadia and flowers as in A. Catechu, but
triandrous, Fruit the size of an olive, orange-colrd., at length scarlet, tip truncate.

2. PINANGA, Blume.

Stem erect, annulate. Leaves pinnate with the upper leaflets con-
fluent. Spadices infrafoliar, androgynous; spathe solitary ; flowers
together (a fem. between 2 males) clusters in 2-4 or 6 series. Matt FL.
obliquely triqgetrous; sepals acute, keeled, not imbricate; petals ovate or
lanceolate, valvate ; stamens 6 or more, anthers subsessile, basifixed, erect:
Fem. FL. much smaller, ovoid or globose; sepals and petals orbicnlar,
broadly imbricate; ovary l-celled, stigmas 3; ovule basilar erect. Fru
ovoid or ellipsoid, pericarp fibrous, Albumen ruminate ; embryo basilar.—
Species about 24, tropical Asiatic and Malayan.

. . : ix
A. SerRANTIEX, Bece. Flowers in 3 or more spiral series on the spadi
or its branches.

l. P. hexasticha, Schef. in Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz.i. 1485 SUN
petiole scaly, spadix simple re Ann,
male fl. in 5-6 series, fruit fusiform. Kurz For. Fl. u. 539; Bece. ^7.
Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ii. 80, 86; Males. iii. 122. Areca hexasticha, Kurz `
PEGU ; in marshy forests, Kurz,

Stems 25-30 ft. by 1j in. diam. Lea tiole scaly ;
. . Leaves 3-5 ft., sheaths and short pe À
leaflets 1-1} ft, many, narrow, linear, subfalcate, 2-3-ribbed, lower acuminate

Pinanga.] CLXII. PALMEX. (Beccari & Hook, f.) 407

Upper truncate, toothed. Spadix about 1 ft. long; rachis as thick as the finger,
hy ; flowers sessile, rows spirally arranged. Fruit narrowed at the top. `

2. P. &£racilis, Blume, Rumph. ii. 77; stems slender usually gre-
garious, leaves sparingly pinnate, petiole scurfy, spadix simple reflexed,
male fi, in 3 rows, truiting spadix pendulous, fruit ellipsoidly fusiform. Kurz
For, Fl ii. 538; Becc. in Ann. Jard. Bot, Buitenz. ii. 81, 86; Males. iii; 122.
Pinanga patula B. gracilis, Scheff. in Natuurk. Tijdsch. Ned. Ind. xxxii. 178.
Seaforthia gracilis, Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. ii. 185 (Ed. 2, 184) 313;
Kunth Enum. iii. 191. Areca gracilis, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 619; Griff. w
Cale, Journ, Nat. Hist. v. 460; Palms Brit. Ind. 154, t. 232 A, C, f. 2
(not B) Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xliii. ii. 201. T. Anders. in Journ.
Lim. Soc. xi. 5. Nenga gracilis, Becc. Males. i. 25. A. triandra, Roxb. ?
Wall. Cat. 8599.

SIKKIM and Buotan HIMALAYA, alt. 2-3000 ft., J.D.H. Assam, the Kuasa
ILLS, and CHITTAGONG to TENASSERIM. Roaburgh, Sc.

Stems 6-20 ft. by i-i in. diam., thickened upward. Leaves 3—4 ft.; petiole and
ni ths seurfy ; leaflets inserted by a very broad base, 1 ft. long or more, lower 2-3-
vii nely acuminate, upper 3-5 in. broad premorse many-ribbed, Spathe
ane "Y, 2-fid. Spadix white or scarlet, glabrous. Male fl. broad, flat, imbricating ;
e ‘x minute; petals broad, cuspisately acuminate. Fruit 4 in. long, scarlet or

range, tapering to the tip, smooth.

l k , P. Griffithii, Becc. Males. iii. 117; stem? leaves pinnatisect
Tart’, numerous, spadix peduncled reflexed subdigitately branched,
“anches 4 spreading, male calyx shorter than the petals, fruits spirally
in De my in 4 series ovoid narrowed at the mamillate tip. Areca sp. Griff.
B. "n ^. Journ, Nat. Hist. v. 461 (under A. gracilis, fruit only); Palms
ni, Ind. 55, t. 232 (spadia only).
Kuasa Hir; Griffith, l
aa appareutly very slender, — Pedunele of spadiz 2 in., branches 3-5, spreading,
compressed. Fruit rather more than A in. long by 4 diam., narrowed at the
ounded hatte: pericarp thin, albumen deeply ruminate.— Beccari (Males. 1. c) hus
M reran. P. Griffithii on the spadix with tetrastichous fruits described by Grif 1 h,
are a the leaves (only supposed by the latter author to belong to it, and w ve i
“M les and forked) to belong to another plant. In the diagnosis of P. Grip ui
Pencil 4/2, Lei there is no description of the leaves, but the author has added in
Plunatisect, segments nu nerous 3~many -costate.”

not

4. P. pol iii ; lender, leaves short
We ymorpha, Becc. Males. iii. 172 ; stem slender,
mbentire forked or more or less pinnatifid, petiole very slender, sheath
bra Phere’ spadix slender refracted after flowering simple or 2-3-partite,
es short, fl. 3~4-seriate, fruit small ellipsoid or obovoid subacute,
ase narrowed, ^

) mer PENINSULA; Singapore, Lobb ; Perak, alt. 3—4000 ft., Scortechini (n. 345
» King’s Collector (n. 8072).

8-13 in, Var, 1- in. diam., internodes 21-4 i
forked a ong, wit 1-6 many-costate leaflets on each side
ong ^A petiole variable and sheath scaly. Spathe elliptic,

d © nearly as long slender. Male fl. acuminate, ca l d
aint 12; fem. fl. globose. Pratt 1 by f in., tipped by the stigma; black,
deed (dark yellow King’s Collector) pericarp thin. Seed obovoid ; albumen
ends, Y ruminate, The fruits in some specimens are ellipsoid and narrowed at bo h
the shrink; With a thickened ring at abont j of their length below the tip, from

n

8 of the pericarp.

n. long. Leaves very variable,
h side and a broad flabelliform
acute. Spadir 3—5 in.
lyx shortly 3-toothed ;

408 CLXIIL PALMER. (Beccari & Hook. f.) [ Pinanga.

5. P. robusta, Becc. mss.; stem taller and much more robust than
P. polymorpha, 15-20 ft. high by 14-2 in. diam., leaves 15-2 it long,
petiole and costa of blade nearly as thick as the little finger, spadix an
its branches very stout. o,

MALAY PENINSULA; Perak, on the top of Gunong Booboo, alt. 3-5300 ft. King's
Collector (No. 7372). . . -ont for a fuller

Evidently allied to P. polymorpha, but the specimens are insufficient for à
description.

6. P. Scortechini, Becc. Males iii. 170; stem solitary, young intor,
nodes scurfy, leaves pinnatifid, leatlets distant long narrow, petiole oe
slender, branches of spadix 5-6 ascending digitate, flowers spirà y
arranged in 4-series, fruit ovoid or obovoidly-oblong.

MALAY PENINSULA ; Perak, Scortechini, alt. 3000-4000 ft., King’s Collectors

Stem 6-15 ft, 3-li in. diam. Leaves 3—4 ft. long; sheaths scurfy ; gien
numerous, l-lj ft. by l-l} in., rather rigid, 2—5-ribbed, finely acumina " ed
hardly narrowed. Spathe elliptic-oblong. Spadia stoutly peduncled, depr Male
$-14 in. long, with a large triangular deciduous bract ; branches 24-4 in. DE f.
ji. sepals triangular, cuspidate, petals rather longer acuminate. Sepals A in “tip
cuspidate, ciliolate; petals rather larger. Fruit 2 in. long, black, shining,
rounded or subacute; albumen densely ruminate.

. ‘ „dix or its
B. OnrHOsTICHANTHEX, Becc. Flowers in 2 series on the spadix 0
branches.

* Leaves entire or sparingly divided.

7. P. disticha, Blume (fid. H. Wendl. in Kerch. Palm. sien
very slender short, leaves small cuneately obovate simple and. is
forked or with a few broad lateral leaflets, spadix small simple re gn
villous, male petals much longer than the calyx, fruit ovoid or "o,
acuminate. Becc. Males. iii. 193. P. bicolor, Blume in Bull. Noor Sicha,
65; Rumphia, ii. 92, t. 113, f. 2; Kunth Enum. iii. 641. Areca om y
Rech, Fl. Ind. iii. 620; Griff. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 461 (partly Mr
descript. & local.); Palms Brit. India 155 (partly). A. humilis, pd
pict. ined. Areca curvata, Griff. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 248 (non ne 1
164.) Seaforthia disticha, Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 184; Kunth t "Tourn.
Ptychosperma disticha, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 28 et Suppl. 293. 590;

Bot. Néerl. i. 7; De Palm. Arec. 24, Nos
PENANG, Roaburgh, Curtis (No. 391) ; Perak alt. 100-800 ft. Herb. Cale. (
2536, 4423.) d many-

Stems 2-6 ft. by 1-1 in. usually tufted. Leaves 12-15 in., forked, an
nerved, the nerves ending in setaceous points, or with a few unequa p petiole
lateral leaflets inserted by a broad base; sheath closely grooved and short long.
scurfy. Spadix 2-3 in. long. Stamens about 15, pistillode 0. Fruit i men ace
narrowed at both ends, but most so above, orange-red. Seed ovoid ; 1 t
cording to Roxburgh’s description, and his drawing (copied by Griffit ’ k — he
solid, but there are a few streaks of rumination in No, 4423 from Fon"
leaves are often mottled with pale yellow green.

s

8. P. subruminata, Becc. Males. iii. 174, stem very slender, lorod,
cuneately obovate forked, lobes truncate doubly-toothec 12-1 ing
petiole long slender, sheath deeply closely grooved, spadix per nches
sheath of the old leaf very short reflexed bipartite glabrous, ra
flexuous, fruit narrowly ovoid or ellipsoid apiculate. King’s

MALAY PENINSULA; Perak, alt. 100 ft., Herb. Calcutt. (No. 7797);
Collector (No. 1968). PeNANe, alt. 1500-2000 ft., King's Collector.

Pinanga.] CXLIII, PALMEX. (Beccari & Hook. f.) 409

Stem 2-6 ft. by } in.; internodes 2-24 in., brown-scurfy. Leaves 9-12 by
4-5} in., glabrous; petiole 6-10 in., subterete; sheath 4 in., tubular, scurfy ;
ligule scarious, fimbriate. Spadiz with its stout peduncle $ in. long, branches
sinuous, few-fld. Fruit about 4 by } in., red. Seed narrowed at the tip; raphe
with 5 branches ; albumen very faintly ruminate.

** Leaves much divided.

t Spadix large, much branched.

NICOBAR IsLANDS, Man. SOUTH ANDAMAN ISLDS., Kurz.

Trunk 50 ft. by 5} in. diam. Leaves 6} ft. ; leaflets ensiform, straight, longest
(middle) about 30 ‘in. by 14-33 broad, 2-3-partite, pale beneath. Spadiz 19-20 in.
long, Shortly peduncled, branches 45-50 spirally arranged ; flowers 2-seriate. Fruit
16 PY ¥o-x%3 pericarp thin. Seed with reticulate raphe, albumen densely
Tuminate,

10. P. Kuhlii, Blume in Bull. Néerl. 1838, 65; Rumph. ii. 82, t. 111
et 8 t. 111, f. 11-13; stems tufted slender, leaves pinnate, leaflets many
aleate linear to linear-lanceolate finely acuminate strongly 2-3-ribbed
Upper confluent, petiole subscurfy, spadix refracted shortly peduncled
robust, simply branched glabrous, branches elongate, fruit obovoid or
ellipsoid shortly apiculate. Kunth Enum. iii. 641; Mig. Pl. Jungh. 57 ;

cheff. in Natuurk. Tijdsch. Ned. Ind. xxxii. 182; in Ann. Jard. Bot.
Buitenz, 1.152; Becc. Males. iii. 198. P. costata, Bl. in Bull. Néerl. l. c. ;
Rumphia 1. c. 80, t, 109 et 8 t. 109 C.; Kunth Le: Mig. L c. 1565 Kurz,
For. EI. ii, 588, Seaforthia, Kuhlii, Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. Ed. 2, 185,
33, S. oryzæformis, Mart. l. c. Ed. 1, 185 (evel. all syns. but Gærtn.) ;
Kunth 1, c. 191. S. costata, Mart. l. c. 313. Ptychosperma, Kuhlii, Miq.
x Ind. Bat. iii. 21; De Palm. Archip. Ind. 28. P. costata, Mig. Ul. cc.
5,23. Areca oryzeformis, Gertn. Fruct. i. 20, t. 7, f. 2, 6 (not of
Rumph.),

SourH ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Kurz.—D1stn1B. Sumatra, Java.

Stem soboliferous, 20-30 ft. (Kurz), (10 ft., Becc.). Leaves 3-4 ft.; leaflets
d +; petiole variable in length. Spadix 1 tt. Fruit nearly j in. long. Seed
a herent to the pericarp; albumen deeply ruminate.—The above is chiefly from
ée P. costata in For. Fl. It may be the P. coronata mentioned by Kurz in his
Maman Report as abundant in the South Andaman Islands.

TT Spadix with few distichous branches.

IR? Dicksonii, Blume Rumph. ii. 85; trunk solitary tall. leaves
Pnnate, leaflets numerous elongate broadly linear pramorse 5-7-nerved,
sb Dermost confluent, spadix refracted branches 4-8, male sepals subulate
mil equalling the petals, stamens 20-30, fruit ovoid or oblong. Scheff.
M Natuurk, Tijdsch. Ned. Ind. 174; in Ann. Jard. Buitenz. 1. 149; Becc.
mies. i. 138. “Areca Dieksonii, Roxb, Fl. Ind. iii. 616; Griffin Journ. As.
Beng. v.458; Palms Brit. Ind. 153, t. 231. Seaforthia Dicksonii,

Se Hist. Nat, Palm. iii. 184, 313; Kunth Enum. iii. 190.

ESTERN GHATS . lghiri and Travancore hills, alt. 2500 ft. .
Trunk 16-18 ft. by "bout. ue dein. Leaves 4 ft., forked ; leaflets sessile,

410 CLXIII. PALMEX. (Beccari & Hook. f.) [Pinanya.

i io wi :lothed
12-24 by 3-lin. Spathe simple. Spadix with the branches stout, densely c
with imbricating flowers. Mate ft. sepals subulate, petals rather longer, gor
tips tapering ; stamens very numerous; filaments very short ; pistillode | : e d
sepals reniform ; petals similar; staminodes 6, clavate, tips penicillate.
about 4-3 in. long by 4 in. diam.

12, P. malaiana, Scheff. in Natuurk. Tijdsch. Ned. Ind. xxxii, Hi
stem slender, leaves pinnate, leaflets numerous linear acuminate, glavon
beneath 2-nerved, upper confluent, spadix refracted branches ' about
sepals lanceolate acuminate much smaller than the petals, stamens $ ul
40, fruit ovoid. Bece. Males. iii. 197. Areca hematocarpa, Griff. N al.
ii. 165; Palms Brit. Ind. 153. A. malaiana, Griff. in Calc. Journ fart
Hist. v. 457; Palms Brit. Ind. 252, t. 230 C. Seaforthia malaiana, - l 90.
Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 184, Ed. 2,183, 313, t. 158, GEI Kunth Enum. ui
Ptychosperma malaiana, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 23; de Palm.

Ind, 23. a +e Collector

Matacca, Griff. PENANG, Herb. Hort. Calc. (3190). Perak, King's Co
(8120).—Disrris. Sumatra. 5-8 ft. long,

Stem 8-12 ft., $-1 in. diam., internodes generally subclavate. Leaves Séien
spreading ; leaflets 1}-2 ft. by 4-% in., finely acuminate, upper cuneate Piate,
lobes præmorse; petiole 1}-14 ft.; sheath as long. Spathe 10 in., b H fat,
Spadiz 6 in., blood red in fruit; branches 3-5, flowers crowded. Ma Tech
sepals membranous, lanceolate ; petals much larger; filaments very short. " rii,
sepals and petals very short ; staminodes 0; stigma discoid. Fruit 1-1} "A about
narrowed at both ends, blackish purple, mamillate. Seed ovoid, rap
T-branched ; albumen deeply ruminate.

13. P. pectinata, Becc. mss. ; stems 7-15 ft., coespitose, robust, p
numerous elongate acuminate 1—5-ribbed straight much contracted hort
base, glaucous beneath, spadix with 3-9 short branches, male calyx $
than the petals, fruit elongate ovoid tipped with the conical stigma.

Perak, King’s Collector ; Goping, alt. 5800 ft. (n. 4393). . ^n wi

Stems 21-31 in. diam. Leaver 24 ft.; leaflets O16 by 13-13 in. Spadia wi
branches 4-5 in. long. Fruit ee in. long by 32-335 diam. Seed ovoid,
base truncate.—Fruit much smaller than in P. malaiana.

“oss

14. P. perakensis, Becc. Males. iii. 175; stems short SL,
internodes sbort the upper scurfy, leaves long-potioled, leaflets hort
stiff straight linear or ensiform acuminate l-2-costate, spadix s 1 fruit
digitately 5-7-branched, male calyx much shorter than the petals,
ovoid or oblong crowned with the minute stigma.

PERAK; alt. 1200-1500 ft., Scortechini, on Maxwell hill, Wray. . sated
Stems 3-4 ft. by 2-3in. diam. Leaves 2-2} ft. ; leaflets 18-20 by 3- Lin» sheath
at an angle of 45°, bright green, paler beneath ; petiole 10-12 in., terete 3-keeled.
8 in, squamulose; ligule 3-1} in. Spa'he elliptic-oblong, apiculate, bremote,
Spadiz 46 in., shortly peduncled; branches compressed ; flowers su . sepals
2-seriate. Male fl. calyx 3-toothed; stamens numerous. Fem. fl. globos: black
and petals similar; stigma capitellate. Fruit 4 long by ée in. diam., Deag
Seed conform to the fruit, raphe simply branched; albumen densely ruminate

iole
15. P. Hookeriana, Becc. Males. iii. 141; stem slender, Geen
and rachis of leaves scurfy, leaflets numerous narrowly linear-lan?
subfalcate acuminate 2—3-costate, spadix witha slender peduncle rtf sol
slender branches, male calyx much shorter than the petals, ar eup

] i )
apiculate. Arecæ sp. Grif. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 462, 1n D
note.

Pinanga.] CLXII. PALMEH. (Beccari & Hook. f.) 411

Kuasia Hiris; alt. 2-4000 ft., Grifith, J. D. H., Ze (in Herb. Webb.),
Nunklow and Churra, Clarke.

Stem 3-4 ft. ; internodes clavate, young scurfy. Leaves 43 ft. ; leaflets opposite,
1ft, long, much obliquely acuminate, 3-4-keeled above, terminal lobe 2-fid ; petiole
Sin, Spathe 4 in., oblong. Spadix 3-4 in.; branches compressed, flexuose, flowers
crowded, Male jl. calyx membranous 3-toothed ; petals very unequal ; stamens about
D ; pistillode 0. Fem. fl. sepals and petals subequal; staminodes 0; stigma large,

scold. Fruit about 3 in. long by 4 diam., narrowed at the top. Seed of the same
shape.—This is the plant alluded to by Griffith (Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. Le 462),
and described as probably a form of A. gracilis collected by Major Jenkins and him-
in the Khasia hills and Assam, and of which he says, in a footnote, ** Stem and
aves much the same as in A. gracilis, spadices slenderer 3—4-times branched, fem. fl.
tichous distant." The above is from Malesia. I have seen no specimen.

ttt Spadiz unbranched,

16. P. hymenospatha, Hook. f.; stem slender, petiole and rachis of
leaves slender scurfy, leaflets very numerous falcately very narrowly
ensiform finely acuminate unicostate, spadix very short, spathe fusiform

te acuminate membranous, male fl. flat imbricate.

Burma ; at Moulmein, Lobb. .
Stem as thick as a goose-quill ; internodes long. Leaves 12-14 by 4-5 in.;
eaflets 3-4 by 1-3 in., very numerous (15-20 pairs) quite regularly close set, alternate,
fat, thin, dark green above and brownish beneath when dry, costa slender, pro-
minent on both surfaces ; petiole 3 in., subterete; sheath 3—4 in., striate. Spathe

m., ellipsoidly fusiform, erect, quite membranous, subhyaline. Spadix as long as
spadix, flowering to the base. Male ft. closely imbricating, } in. diam., trapezoidly
rbicular; dorsal sepals twice as long as the others, apiculate; stamens 9, unequal ;

ments very short, anthers linear. Fem. fl. minute, globose; ovary ovoid, stigma
buivinate, ovule erect.—A very distinct species remarkable for its membranous
‘Pathe and very elegant foliage.

l7. P, Paradoxa, Scheff. iw Natuurk. Tijdsch. Ned. Ind. xxxii. 31:
stem slender, leaves entire or pinnatisect with few broad 3- or more-
wed leaflets, spadix short decurved, frait very uarrow tapering from
“ove the base to the obtuse tip often curvel. Becc. Vales. iti. 129, in
r, Areca curvata, Grif. Notul. iii. 164, partly, as to the descr.
ap Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 248). A. paradoxa, Griff. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist.
463; Palms Brit. Ind. 156, as to descr. of fruit, and fig. of fruit, t.
povi. C, f. ll. Kentia paradoxa, Mat Hist. Nat. Palms, 111, 312.
doch, paradoxa, Bece. Males. i. 32. Ophiria pwadoxa, Becc. in Ann.
ard. Bot. Buitenz, ii, 128. Cladosperma, N.G. Griff. Notul. iii. 165.

Maut Age 3 foot of Mt. Ophir, Griffith. PERAK, alt. 3-4000 ft., Scortechini

» 2413) ; on Gun

; ong Batu, Wray. .

enti ft., very slender, l in. diam.; internodes 1-2 in. Leaves 1 ft. long,
and blong, or with 3-5 pairs of sigmoidly linear-lanceolate acuminate leaflets

Ais broad i i j lender and
A ase, 4-5 in. long by ł}-ł% broad; petiole 1-1} ft., very s .
Pos, urfy ; terminal WA forked, toothed; sheath long, deeply striate.
Cem *padiz 2-2} in, long, slender, nearly glabrous; peduncle short. Fruits

ous, i in. long by 4 broad, red; albumen equable.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
tee VK PATULA, Blume in Bull. Néerl. 1838, 65; Rumphia, ii. 86, 87, t. 115;
Natuypp p di. 611; Kurz in Journ, As. Soc. Beng. xlii. ii. 201; Scheff in
B Tijdsch. Ned. Ind. xxxii. 176 (partly and excl. all vars.) ; in Ann. Jard.
“ i. 130 (partly as to descr.), t. 18, f. 4, t. 19; Bece. Males. iii, 139.

Seaforth; `
"ran, Patula, Mart, Nat, Hist, Palm. 323. Ptychosperma patula, Mig. Fl.

412 OLXIII. PALMEA. (Beccari & Hook. f.) [ Pinanga.

Ind. Bat. iii. 26, and Suppl. 253 ; in Journ. Bot. Néerl. i. 7; De Palm. Archip.
Ind. 23; stems tufted slender 6-7 ft. high 3-1 in. diam., leaflets few, rarely many,
broad, distant, sigmoidly lanceolate and falcate from a narrowed base caudate-
acuminate 2- many-nerved, terminal broader 7-9-nerved truncate and deeply doubly
toothed, spadix refracted, branches 2-5, fruit elliptic-ovoid, narrowed and acute at
the tip, about 1-2 in. long 1-4 diam.—Perak, on Ulu Bubong, King’s Collector
10702). Sumatra, Borneo.—The above description is chiefly from Sumatran speci-
mens. The Perak have internodes 2ł-34 in, long, fg in. diam., covered with white
scurf, a 4-branched spidix, and the leaves minutely puberulous beneath. A very
similar plant collected by Helfer in Burma (n. 6427) without flowers, in fruit, has
broader leaflets with the nerves puberulous beneath.

3. NENGA, H. Wendl. § Drude.

Characters of Pinanga, but sepals and petals subequal, subulate, and
ovule parietal.—Species few, Malayan.

1. N. Wendlandiana, Scheff. in Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. i. 18
(partly), t. 9-10; leaves pinnate, leaflets alternate ensiform finely e
nate, spadix about 4-branched, flowers tetrastichous, male sepals subu
rather longer than the petals, fruit ovoid mamillate, stigma conical, eg
ovoid acute. Bece. Males. i. 25; in Ann. Jard. Buitenz. ii. 83. N. IT.
Wendl. in Kerchov. Palm. 251. Pinanga Nenga, Blume Rumphia, Y. 1^»
t. 107 (excl. var. pachystachya). Areca Nenga, Blume in Mart. Hw ar.
Palm. iii. 179 ; Scheff. in Natuurk. Tijdsch. Ned. Ind. xxxii. 166 (ezet Tt
y. Areca pumila, Blume in Mart. l. c. 177, t. 158, f. 1-3; Mig. Fr P
Bat. ii. 14 (excl. var. y); De Palm. Arch. Ind. 23. id

Var. malaccensis, Bece. Males. iii. 182; petiole very short, fruit broadly oe
about 1 in. long, seed broadly truncate at the base cuspidate and spinous wi dh if
Areca (Anaclasmus) pumila, Grif. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 496; 40
Brit. Ind. 151. King's

Var. malaccensis, Ching forest, Malacca, Grifith. PERAK, Larat,
Collector (4022).— DtsTRIB. (of the species) Sumatra, Java. the base;

Stem 10-20 ft. by 2-3 in. diam. Leaves 8-9 ft., pinnate nearly to coria-
leaflets alternate 24 ft. by 3-13 in. broad, caudate-acuminate, bright gre cose
ceous, 2-ribbed ; petiole as thick as the little finger ; sheaths 2 ft. long, gri el ped,
Spathe about 2 ft. Spadiz; peduncle 1} in., branches 8-12 in», leve die ]
pendulous, fruiting very thick; flowers about 4-ranked, yellowish white. te-oblong,
sepals $-à in. long, triangular-subulate, finely acuminate ; petals ove Amin es
cuspidate, stamens 6; pistillode 0. Fem. fl. sepals and petals roundish ; sich the
0. Fruit lin. by nearly j in. broad, orange-colrd.—An abnormal form in W ales.
male fl. has 3 sepals, and 6 petals; 2 rows (var. malaccensis hexapetala, Bece.
iit, 183), was found at Perak by Scortechini.

vat.

" . ves
_ 2. N. macrocarpa, Srortech. mss. ex Bece. Males. 1. 180; eg
pinnate, leaflets sigmoidly falcate, spadix 3—4-branched, tlowers longa?
chous, male sepals subulate hardly longer than the petals, fruit er
ellipsoid, crowned by the large deeply 3-lobed stigma, seed
ovoid abruptly spinescent.

25;

PERAK; on Maxwell hill, alt. 3200-5300 ft., Scortechini (No. 547, 90
Goping, King's Collector (4775), on Gunong Batu Pateh, Wray (930). acuminate,
Stem solitary, 6-10 ft. Leaves 3-4 ft. ; leaflets 18-30 pairs, rigid, ; petiole
lower narrow l-nerved, 16-20 by 1-14 in., upper longer broader and T j padis
4-12 iu.; sheath as long, smooth or subscaly. Spathe glabrous, purplish. Male $

at first erect, then spreading ; peduncle short, stout ; branches ser suborbiculat i

Stamens 6 ; pistillode of 3 tubercles. Fem. fi. sepals ciliolate and pe

Nenga.} CLXII PALMER. (Beccari & Hook. f.) 413

staminodes 6 minute teeth. Fruit about 1} in. long by à in. diam., ellipsoid ; stigmas
3, broad, triangular,

4. LOXOCOCCUS, Z. Wendl. & Drude.

Stem erect, annulate. Leaves pinnatisect, leaflets obliquely truncate.
Spadix infrafoliar, branched ; spathes 2; Aowers 3 together (a fem. between
2 males) clusters spirally arranged. Male fl. Sepals 3, rounded, imbri-
tate; petals 3, much larger, ovate, valvate; stamens 9-12, filaments very
short, anthers subversatile. Fem. Jl. smaller, subglobose; sepals rounded,
broadly imbricate ; petals ovate, base broad imbricate,tips valvate; ovary
l-celled, stigmas 3, minute; ovule parietal. Fruit subglobose, cuspidately

ked, stigmas terminal; albumen ruminate ; embryo subbasilar.

L. rupicola, H. Wendl. & Drude in Linnea, xxxix. 185; Hook. f.

t. Mag. t. 6358, Ptychosperma rupicola, Thw. Enum. 328. Caryota
mitis, Willd. ? ; Moon Cat. Ceyl. Pl. 64.

ÜEYLON ; in forests of the Southern and Central Provinces. .

Trunk 30—40 ft. by 4-5 in. diam. Leaves 6-8 ft., spreading ; leaflets 12-20 pairs,

. by 23 in, spreading, linear, subglaucous beneath, and sparsely furfuraceous ;
petiole 1-2 ft., sheath very short. Spathe 1 ft., pale yellow. Spadix 1 ft., blood-
» Subdeltoid; peduncle short and branches stout spreading quite glabrous;
wers in scattered clusters of 3. Male fl. j in. diam.; filaments about equalling
e anthers; pistillode minute, 3-fld. at the tip. Fruit about 1 in. long, globosely
ovoid, Seed globose.

0

5 PTYCHORAPHIS, Pec.

Stem slender, annulate. Leaves pinnatisect, leaflets narrow, caudate-
Laminate, Spathes 2, complete, caducous. Spadix infrafoliar, panicu-
ately branched ; flowers spirally disposed, male only towards the tips of

* ranches, a fem. between 2 males towards the base. Male fi. sym-
metric; sepals suborbicular; petals valvate; stamens 6, anthers versatile;
Pstillode conical or columnar. Fem. fl. bibracteolate; sepals rounded,
sl Der petals longer, tips valvate; staminodes 4-6; ovary ovoid,

nas 3, triangular, acute; ovule parietal. Fruit small, ovoid, stigmas
Tminal, Seed ovoid, obtuse, deeply grooved along the long linear
lay, albumen deeply ruminate; emb:yo basilar, oblong.—Species 3,

an.

Mal P. singaporensis, Becc. in Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ii. 90, t. 126;
ae Hi 109; stem slender, leaflets about 1 ft. long very numerous,

i Slender 5-7-branched, rachis rusty furfuraceous, fruit ovoid.
tere singaporensis, Bece. Males. i. 61. Rhopaloblaste singa-
Geo? Hook. f. in Gen. Pl. iii. 892. Drymophlous singaporensis,

AE. in Kew Gard, Rep. (1882) 1884, 55.

8 .
(6000) ATORE ; Maingay (Kew dist. 1536). JOHORE; on Gunong Pulai, Hullett

^ midrib b ; : his very slender, furfuraceous.
Spadin ID beneath scaly ; petiole 2-23 ft. and rachis very ! `
*? about 1 ft., 5-7 -branched from the base ; flowers yellow. Fruit nearly 5 in.

elliptic. m, diam., ovoid or elliptic-ovoid, tip conical, slightly excentric. Seed free,

114 CLXIII. PALMEX. (Beccari & Hook. f.) [Ptychoraphis.

2. P. augusta, Bece. in Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ii. 90; Males. iil,
110; trunk very tall, leaflets numerous 2-3 ft., spadix decompound,
fruit elliptic-oblong. Areca augusta, Kurz in Journ. Bot. 1875, 93],
t. 170. l

NicoBAR IstaNps; in woods in Kamorta, Kurz. e

Trunk slender, 80-100 ft. by 1 ft. diam, Leaves 8-12 ft.; leaflets sessile,
narrowly linear, acuminate, 3-costate ; petiole very short; rachis flat above, fee
raceously tomentose. Spadix decompound, 24-3} ft. Male ft. bracts broad smoot /
sepals broadly ovate; petals oblong, obtuse. Fem. fl. sepals and petals nearly
alike, concave, imbricate. Fruit 1 in. long, elliptic-oblong, scarlet. Seed oblong.

6. CYRTOSTACHYS, Blume.

Stems slender, cespitose, annulate. Leaves pinnatisect; leaflets
linear-lanceolate, acuminate, l-costate. Spathes 2, complete, caducous.
Spadix infrafoliar, shortly peduncled, broadly paniculately branched ;
branches 1-2 ft. long, stout, spreading; flowers in spirally disposo
clusters of 3, a fem. between 2 males. Male fl. symmetrical; sepas
orbicular, imbricate; petals valvate; stamens 12-15, exserted ; anthora
short, versatile; pistillode 2-fid. Fl fem.; sepals orbicular; petals
longer, broadly imbricate, tips valvate; staminodes forming a membranon
cup; ovary narrowly ovoid ; stigmas subulate; ovule pendulous from ihe
tip of the cell. Fruit small, ovoid, stigma terminal. Seed adherent to the
endocarp, globose, hilum apical; albumen equable; embryo basilar—
Species 2, Malayan.

1, C. Lakka, Beer, in Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ii. 141; fruit conico-
ovoid gradually narrowed to the tip, seed ovoid. C. Dakka var. singa
porensis, Becc. l. c.

SINGAPORE ; in humid jungles.— DıstTRIB. Borneo. 90 b

A slender tall soboliferous Palm. eaves about 4 ft.; leaflets about k Ki
1-14 in., upper shorter obtuse or toothed, green above, ashy grey beneath ; $ t
red Fruit A in. long, by about A, diam.— Very near C. Rendah of Sumatrh
which has an ovoid fruit abruptly constricted at the tip, and a globose seed.

7. ONCOSPERMA, Blume.

_ Prickly palms. Leaves terminal, pinnatisect. Spathes 2, complets
Spadir infrafoliar, branched ; branches with solitary male flowers * vic;
and ternate flowers below (a fem. between 2 males). Male fl. asy manent
sepals suborbicular, acute; petals obliquely ovate, valvate. gew
6-12; anthers elongate; pistillode columnar, 3-fid. Fem. fl. glo acht
sepals and petals orbicular, imbricate; staminodes 6; ovary we eed
ovoid, 1-3-celled ; stigmas minute; ovule parietal. Fruit small, Bee ly
stigmas lateral or basal. Seed suborbicular, raphe broad ; albumen "7 p
ruminate.—Species 5-6, Malayan.

1. O. filamentosa, Blume, Rumphia ii. 97, t. 82, 103; start
leaflets subequidistant drooping, male fl. hexandrous, fruit rt
Ze in. diam. O. cambodianum, Hance in Journ. Bot. (1876) 261. set. iv.
tigillaria, Jack in Mal. Misc. ii. vii. 88 (in Calc. Journ. Nat. eT
12); Grif. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 493; Palms Brit. Int
t. 133 B. A. Nibung, Mart. Hist. Nat, Palm. iii. 173, 311, t. 153.

Üncosperma.] cLxiu. PALME. (Beccari & Hook. f.) 415

MALAY PENINSULA; in swamps.— DISTRIB. Borneo, Cochin China,

Trunk 30-40 ft., armed with long black spines. Leaves many, 10-12 ft.,
drooping; leaflets 2 ft., narrow, acuminate, pendulous, coriaceous, many-nerved,
scurfy beneath ; petiole armed, seurfy. Spathes boat-shaped, 2-keeled, outer armed,
Dier velvety. Spadia shortly produced, peduncle slightly armed, branches many,

g, flexuous, upper simple; fruiting 1-2 ft., pendulous, red-purple. Male fl. ;
sepals cuspidate. keeled ; petals suddenly acuminate, tip setiferous ; filaments short ;
anthers deeply bifid below. Fem. Jl. ; sepals and petals fleshy.

2. O. horrida, Scheff. in Natwurk. Tijdsch. Ned. Ind. xxxii. 189; in
Ann. Jard. Buitenz. i. 159 ; stoloniferous, leaflets subequidistant spreading,
male fl. hexandrous, fruit spherical j-1 in. diam. Areca horrida, Griff. in
Cale, Journ, Nat. Hist. v. 465; Palms Brit. Ind. 158, t. 233 C; Mart.
Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 312.

Matay PENINSULA, Grifith.—DistTR1B. Borneo.

Trunk 30-40 ft., armed, Leaves few, spreading, 14-16 ft. ; leaflets 2-3 ft., very
arrow, acuminate, spreading, coriaceous. Spathes 2 complete, acutely margined, outer
1-1} ft. armed, inner cuspidate. Spadiz with the stout peduncle armed below; branches
~2 ft., pendulous, flexuous ; fruiting with pendulous branches 2-3 ft. long. Fruit
purplish black.—Griffith, from whom the above descriptions are taken, says of this
allied to A, tillgiaria, but very distinct in the spathes and fruit.

, 9. 0. fasciculata, Thw. Enum. 328; stoloniferous, leaflets fascicled
tips drooping, flowers enneandrous, fruit in. diam. Scheff. in Ann. Jard.
Buitenz. i. 160. Caryota horrida, Moon Cat. Ceyl. Pl. 64.

ÜEYLON ; in the Central Province, ascending to 5000 ft.
b Trunk 30-40 ft. and more, 5-6 in. diam., armed, Leaves 18 ft. ; leaflets 12-18
ke. m., lanceolate, long-acuminate, costa scaly beneath ; sheath 2j ft., arm
seurfy, Spathes sparingly scurfy, unarmed. Spadia 2 ft., unarmed, panicu-
ately branched, dense-fld. Male fl. 4 in. long. Drupe black-purple.

8. IGUANURA, Blume.

Slender unarmed alms. Leaves terminal, entire or pinnatisect, with
inte! acute or præmorse leaflets. Spathes 2, persistent, short. Spadiz
Wale infra-foliar, branches spreading; flowers spirally disposed, 3-nate
S em. between 2 males), or the upper on the branches males. Male fl.
rie metric; sepals orbicular, imbricate; petals connate below, ovate or
e Ceolate, valvate; stamens 6 or 9, anthers dorsifixed ; pistillode trigo:
test em. fl. subglobose ; sepals and petals orbicular; staminodes o

Pari ; Ovary ovoid or oblong, 1—3-celled; stigmas sessile; ovule solitary,
neta] Pruit small, oblong ovoid or elongate conical, stigmas sub-

silar, Seed suberect, hilum lateral; albumen equable or ruminate.—
Pecles 8-10, Malayan.

alayan.
e Spadix interfoliar, very long and long peduncled, simple or with 2-3
I equal pendulous branches.

"Pa z. Feonomeeformis, Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. ii. 299, 178 ; stem
and er» leaves pinnate, leaflets 6-8 pairs obliquely acuminate or premorse
oblong LY toothed, spadix furfuraceous, branches thick, fruit obovoid-
wien Plackia geonomeformis, Griff. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 469 ;
y Brit, Ind. 162, t, 234,

Oa, ei gongs Common in forests, Grif. (Kew distrib. 6406, 6407), on Mt.

416 CLXIH. PALMER. (Beccari & Hook. f.) [Zguanura.

Stem 2-4 ft. by } in., annulate. Leaves 3-34 by l-l} ft., linear-oblong;
leaflets linear, 1 ft. by 4-2 in., 2- or more-keeled, terminal forked, lobes erose-
dentate; petiole 1 ft., base scurfily pubescent; sheath a span long. Spathes sub-
coriaceous, lowest 2-keeled, upper conduplicate and spadix brown-pubescent.
Spadiz with a long slender erect peduncle, and 2 or more pendulous spongy spikes
or branches 6-10 in. long, loosely covered with flowers ; fruiting 1-13 tt. nodding ;
flowers inserted in pits with membranous margins. Male fl. in pairs ; sepals oblong,
striate; petals ovate-lanceolate; filaments inflexed in bud; pistillode stout, oP
3-lobed. Fem. fl. towards the base of the spike; sepals of the male; petals broa ;
ovary gibbous. Fruit over A in. long by à diam., black-purple. Seed erect;
albumen ruminate.

2. I. malaccensis, Becc. Males. iii. 102; stem slender, leaves pin-
nate, leaflets about 5 pairs. lower falcate caudate-acuminate upper broader,
petiole pubescent, spadix simple filiform, finely tomentose.

MALAY PENINSULA; Selangore, F. Keheding; Perak, Larut, King’s Collector
(1869, 2994). . i

Closely allied to I. geonomeformis, differing in the fewer leaflets and simple no
furfuraceous but finely tomentose spadix.

** Spadix interfoliar, long peduncled, with few subterminal short
simple or forked branches or spikes.

3. I. Wallichiana, Hook. f. in Gen. Plant. iii, 908; leaves simple
or pinnatisect, fruit globosely obovoid. Areca Wallichiana, Mart.
Wall. Cat. 8600; Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 178, 312; Bece. Males. iii. 100.

PENANG, Porter. StiNGAPORE, Lobb. 2: ER

Stem solitary, 2-12 ft., straight, slender. Leaves very variable in size, 1 et
2 ft. long, simple and forked or more or less pinnatisect, with long narrow lea d e
Spathes 2, lower 2} in., hidden in the leaf sheath, strongly compressed, ac ed
2-keeled, tip 2-toothed; upper shorter, acuminate, rusty-pubescent. Spadiz mm
peduncled ; peduncle 18-24 in., branches 3-7 variable in length. Fruit ra are
more than & in. long by 1-5 in. diam., red when ripe.— [he following varieties
from Perak :— divided

Var. a major, Bece. ; stem 10-12 ft. by 21-34 in. diam., leaves 2-4 ft. undi
or pinnatisect, fruit about -$ by ;*.— King's Collector (481, 8227, 3127). tisect

Var. B minor, Becc. ; stem 18-30 in., leaves about as long simple or pinna»
fruit rather smaller. — King's Collector (454, 7941, 7996, 7999).

TE Spadiz interfoliar, very shortly peduncled.

4. I. brevipes, Hook. f.; leaves pinnate, leaflets distant broad!
trapezoidly cuneate or subquadrate premorse many-nerved coa Ge
toothed, spathe long deeply grooved, spadix laxly paniculate, branc
divaricate lax-fld.

Perak, Larut, 3-4000 ft., King’s Collector (2029). .

Stem thicker than a swan’s quill. Leaf 15 S io iets 5 pairs, 5-6 1n. long ^
14-3 broad, iuserted by a contracted but very broad base, upper marg!" mune holly
rachis glabrous; sheath 5 in., many-ribbed, Spadiæ with the peduncle "weg
included iu the leaf-sheath, quite glabrous; primary branches 3-4, 3-4 m ,
sparingly again divided, rather slender, angled (when dry). Male fi. Dm ;
about jj in. long; sepals orbicular ; petals broadly oblong, obtuse, very CO itate.
stamens 6, filaments inflexed, anthers linear-oblong ;_pistillode columnar, cap! ;

shortly

"P Spadie infrafoliar, peduncle shorter than the spathe or
exceeding it.

TT t
5. X. diffusa, Becc. MSS. ; leaves large, leatlets numerous equidistan

Iguanura.] CLXIHI. PALMER. (Beccari & Hook. f.) 417

harrow, spadix with 8-10 very spreading slender branches of which
ihe m are twice or thrice forked, peduncle closely embraced by the
spathe.

PERAK ; on Gunong Tjok, Scortechini.

One of the largest of the genus. Leaves about 3-4 ft.; leaflets very numerous,
alternate and opposite, 12-15 in. by 1-14 in., obliquely præmorse, rachis glabrous.
Spadiz about 20 in., including the 10 in. peduncle, which is closely sheathed by the
Persistent spathe ; branches 6-10 in., filiform, divaricate.—The specimen which is
very imperfect may be a luxuriant state of Z. polymorpha.

6. I. polymorpha, Becc. Males. iii. 189; leaves pinnatisect, leaflets
trapezoid subfalcate priemorse, spadix erect, peduncle sheathed by both the
spathes with 3-9 simple branches at the apex, fruit ovoid or elongate conic
straight or curved,

PERAK, Scortechini, .

Stem 3-7 ft. Leaves oblong, 14-16 by 8-10 in.; leaflets 10-14 on each side,
obliquely præmorse and toothed, 4-5-nerved. Spadices often two, 12-20 in. long,
*recto-patent, branches filiform, angular; peduncle 5-6 in., slightly compressed.

Var. typica; spadix with 3-9 branches, flowers spirally disposed, male oblong
subacute, fruit $-1 in. by } in. diam., others } by } iu. ovoid or elliptic-ovoid.—
Scorteching (318b),

Ar. canina, Bece. l. c. 190; spadix with 7-9 branches, flowers alternate
‘ubdistichous, male ovoid acute, fem. petals twice as long as the sepals, fruit $ by
in. elongate conical curved.

7. X. corniculata, Becc. Males. iii. 187; leaves pinnatisect, leaflets

all similar cuneately trapezoid 3-5-nerved, tip very obliquely pramorse

ed, base constricted, spadix slender undivided, peduncle closely

embraced by the very slender tubular spathe, spike furfuraceous, frait
narrow elongate conical tip incurved or involute.

"us, alt, 3-400 ft., Kunstler (3131).
ù tem very slender, 3-4 ft., by i A 131). or less; internodes ł$-lł in. Leaves
-12 by 6-8 in. ; leatlets 5-6, spreading like a butterfly’s wings 34-4 by 1-1} n?
paper margin produced into a tail, 3-4-nerved, furfuraceous beneath along the
"da: petiole slender, 3-4} in., rustily furfuraceous, as is the sheath. — Spadiz about
8 Joh long, including the peduncle of 3-4 in.; spike rusty scurfy ; flowers sub-
pirally disposed ; males very small, Fruit granulate, 2-3 by i in.—The fruit is in
ape unique in the order.

ee I. parvula, Becc. mss.; leaves small oblong tip forked lona as
e alate, spadix filiform sparingly branched, peduncle about as long as
mE more than half embraced by the spathes.
ERAK, Scortechini. .
sing] m i-iin.diam. Leaves 8-10 by 3in.; petiole 2-25 in,—Described from a
ngle Specimen. Possibly a very small form of I. polymorpha.

9. I bicor db . le innatisect, leaflets
gen nis, Becc. Males. iii. 183; leaves pinne ,
vide trapezoid, spathes deciduous, spadix erecto-patent very shortly
y g cled, branches 5-8 slender diffuse, fruit oblong base narrowed tippe

obtuse unequal bosses.

ged GN INSULA ; Perak, Scortechini (n. 1188), at Larut, alt. 12-1300 ft. ;
ctor (6375), alt. 3—4000 ft. . 7
ins tufted CS tt, by i in. dam, $ internodes }-1} in. Leaves 12-16 by

" i i i inal ; i 8-4 in., glabrous
VOL, vitia 2-4 pairs, with a deeply bifid terminal; petiole i js ,

418 CLXIIL PALMER. (Beccari & Hook. f.) [Jguanura.

sheath as long, tubular, mouth truncate. Spadia 4—3 iu., pedunele í-M in,
branches 3 -6 in., scattered, filiform; flowers minute. Fruit k by $ in.

9. BEN TINCKIA, Berry.

Unarmed Palms. Leaves terminal, equally pinnatisect. Spathes many,
2 lower short incomplete, upper 2-fid. Spadix interfoliar, Wett A
flowers minute, monæœcious or polygamous, solitary or 3-nate wi des
intermediate female, clustered in spirally arranged pits on the brave sch
bracts forming a 2-lipped mouth to each pit; bracteoles 2. Man f ng
symmetric, glumaceous, often reduced to ciliate scales; sepais o ti A
obtuse, connate below, imbricate ; petals longer, connate below into as T ,
valvate; stamens 6, anthers versatile; pistillode conical. Fem. fi. one d
sepals broad, obtuse, imbricate; petals longer, convolute ; stamino ^b.
minute. Ovary 3-celled, l-ovuled; stigmas minute. Fruit sma dee
spherical; stigmas subbasilar. Seed pendulous from the top of the ,
sinuately grooved or ridged; albumen equable.— Species 2.

ess r

1. B. Coddapanna, Berry, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 621; sto plendo?
10-20 ft., fruit subspherical. Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. in. 165, 2: ? Palms
Kunth Enum. iii. 228; Grif. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. uA ii. 385.
Brit. Ind. 160; Append. xxvi.; Wight in Madv. Journ. Nat. Bc. 1
Keppleria, Mart. mss. ez Endl. Gen. Pl. 25.

TRAVANCORE, Wight, Ze, . ts

A slender palm; stem 1 in. diam. or more, annulate. Leaves 3-4 ft. Jet
2 ft. or more by 1 in. broad, close together, linear, 2-keeled, keels pale ;
usually 2-fid; lobes 2-4 in., triangular. Spathes membranous, lower, erg
upper complete, Spadiz 1-2 ft., male scarlet, fem. lilac or violet ; peduncle d, pite
branches few, again branched, ultimate 6-10 in.; bract at the base d rst.
on the branches 3-4-fld., flowers emerging and opening singly, the upp
Fruit rather compressed, about 4 in. diam.

» . nk

2. B. nicobarica, Bece. in Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. n. 165 die
tall 60-70 ft., fruit obovoidly oblong tip rounded. Orania me
Kurz in Journ, Bot. xiii. (1875) 331, t. 171, f. 19-25. `

NICOBAR ISLANDS; Kamorta, Kurz, E. H. Man. ile, linear,

Trunk annulate, 9 in. diam. Leaves 5-8 ft.; leaflets 1-2 ft., sessi 11-2 ft.
coriaceous, tip obtusely 2-lobed; petiole short and rachis glabrous. Spadiz 3 the
decompound, glabrous, branches and branchlets inserted in woolly groov bsimilar,
rachis ; bracteoles densely villous within. Fem. d. ; sepals and petals e eet
broadly ovate, obtuse, shining. Fruits tristichously arranged, globose y convex
when dry), the size of a cherry. Seed ovoid-oblong, ventrally flat, doten?
rugosely ribbed; albumen equable; embryo lateral and apical.

10. WALLICHIA, Rob.

. ng.
Soboliferous palms. Leaves pinnatisect; leaflets linear OT Fuere
irregularly toothed, base cuneate, unicostate, nerves flabellate. T large
very many, tubular, clothing the peduncle of the spadix, "IL ovoid,
cymbiform. Spadices interfoliar, monoecious or polygamous; ma ? metrics
excessively branched and dense-fld.; fem. looser-fid. Male fl. sy™ deeply
calyx cylindric or cupular, membranous, truncate ; corolla cylindric (me
3-lobed, lobes oblong, valvate; stamens 6, on the corolla-tube; pgloboses
short, anthers large; pistillode 0. Fem. fl. much smaller, sus

Wallichia.] CLXIII. PALMEX. (Beccari & Hook. f.) 419

sepals orbicular, coriaceous, imbricate; petals triangular valvate; stami-
nodes few or 0; ovary 2-3-celled, stipitate; stigmas conic; ovules subbasilar.
Pruit ovoid-oblong, 1-3-celled and -seeded. Seeds erect, plano-convex;
albumen equable; embryo dorsal. —Species 3 or more, Indian and Malayan.

l. W. densiflora, Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. ii. 190, & Suppl. 315;
leaflets oblong or linear-oblong sinuately lobed acutely toothed white
eneath, fem. fl. crowded 2-bracteate, male corolla twice as long as the calyx,
mouth of calyx quite entire, fem. corolla shorter than the ovary. Kurz
For. Fl. ii, 532; Brandis For. Fl. 549; Bot, Mag. t. 4584. W. oblongi-
folia, Griff. in Cale. Journ Nat. Hist. v. 486; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn.
Soc. xi. 6. Harina oblongifolia, Grif. Palms Brit. Ind. 175, t. 237 A, B, C.
W. caryotoides, Wall. Cat, 8596 B.

[RoPICAL HIMALAYA from Kumaon eastwards, ascending to 3000 ft. ASSAM,
the Kuasta Hrs, and CHITTAGONG.
„ "ems very short or 0 (or often 8-15 fc. Kurz); trunk sheathed, scurfy, sheaths
Villous, resolving into strong fibres. Leaves 8-10 ft. ; leaflets 1-2 ft., very many,
alternate or the lower 2-4-nate, l-costate and with many parallel nerves, bright
rm above; sheaths scurfy. Spathes purple. Spadices 12-18 in. long, branches
/ fem, very stout ; flowers in many spiral series; male fl. yellow, solitary, or the
ower in pairs with an intermediate fem. ; filaments adnate to the petals; fem. fl.
alt calyx very short, corolla-lobes obtuse. Fruit about } in. long, dull

li 2 W, caryotoides, Roxb. Cor. Pl. iii. t. 295; leaflets oblong or
| p oblong panduriformly excised and acutely toothed white beneath,
„cm. distant 3-bracteate, male corolla half as long as the calyx, mouth of
WI 3-toothed, fem. corolla about twice as long as the ovary. Mart.
ui Nat. Palm. ii. 180, t. 136; Wall. Cat. 8596 A; Grif. in Cale. Journ.
at. Hist, v. 485; Kurz For. Fl. i. 532; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. ii. 24.
vma caryotoides, Ham. in Mem. Wern. Soc. v. 317; Grif. Palms
Ind. i ht t. 237. Wrightia caryotoides, Roxb. Hort, Beng. 63; FL

Cuir 2 ona
Habit Inn and Bora, in hill forests, ascending to 4000 ft. dorescence, but
iino «^. V. oblongifolia, and very similar in foliage aud inflorescence,
ing S In the characters given above and in the fruit, which Kurz deseribes as
as la a nt . uM ` M »h savs as
ange as large as a nutmeg, ovoid-oblong, rarely 2-seeded.—(Roxburgh say
à coffee bean.)
H

Ca T disticha, 7) Anders. in Journ. Linn, Soc. xi. 6; trunk tall
morse aes distichous, leaflets fascicled linear narrowed to the base pre-
"m enticulate, male calyx eupular 3-lobed, corolla thrice as ong,
ary corolla longer than the ovary. W. Vom, Kurz For. FL ii. 583.

Yota mitis, Herd, Calcutt.
Pe ee H IMALAYA, in tropical gorges, T. Anderson, and probably eastwards.
Leaves 6-10 ft., alternate

t; d
i leaflets narrowing from near the truncate apex to the base and with a largo

and n each side about the middle, 1-2 ft., by 2-2} in., glaucous beneath ; petio h
short, scurfy. Male spadix 3-4 ft., very narrow, linear in outline, with

itum . a .
b We á E recurved sleuder crowded branches. Fem. spadiz 6-8 ft. pond ous ;

ut, si : i i iral series, green. Prutl oblong,
top Obscure. 2 simple ; flowers disposed in many spiral series, g

Spiral, Y 2-3-lobed, reddish.—Kurz describes the leaves us disposed in a j

Tru -
nk 10-15 ft, by 5-6 in. diam., naked, annulate.

Ee2

420 Let, PALMEX. (Beccari & Hook. f.)

11. DIDYMOSPERMA, H. Wendl. § Drude.

Small low palms. Leaves terminal, unequally pinnatisect ; leaflets few,
trapezoid, erose, uni-costate, nerves flabellate. Spathes many, sheathing
the peduncle of the spadix. Spadix interfoliar, stout and simple, or slender
and branched; moncecious or Pdicecious; flowers rather large. Male fl.
symmetric; calyx cupular, 3-fid, imbricate; petals coriaceous valvate ;
stamens 10-30, anthers linear, erect; pistillode 0. Fem. fl. subglobose ;
sepals rounded, coriaceous; petals thick, triangular, incurved, valvate;
staminodes 0. Ovary depressed, 3-gonous, 2-3-celled, stigmas conical ;
ovules basilar. Fruit ovoid or oblong, 1-2-celled and -seeded, stigmas
terminal. Seeds erect, oblong, plano-convex ; albumen equable; embryo
dorsal.—Species 6, Malayan and Indian.

l. D. Hookeriana, Becc. Males. iii. 186 ; stem slender, leaves
small long-petioled white beneath, some oblong from a cuneate base, some
entire or lobed, others pinnatisect with obovate oblong or trapezoid long-
tailed leaflets shortly ansate at the base, spadix filiform.

( MALAY PENINSULA; Perak, Scortechini, No. 229b. 136b.) King’s Collector
n. 2446).

_ Stem 3-4 ft., solitary or tufted, 3-1 in. diam. Leaves extremely variable, 12-90
in. long; petiole slender; sheath furfuraceous. Spadices about 8 in. long, sheathe
with 5-6 spathes; flowers spirally disposed in clusters of 3; male fl. oblong, sub-
clavate, top rounded. Fruit unripe, globose.

2. D. hastata, Becc. Males. iii. 99.; stem slender, leaf-sheaths
scurfily hispid, leaflets 6-7 terminal trapezoid, lateral. petiolula 4
trapezoid caudate-acuminate, base hastate and ansate, spadices Der
nodding.

(os at Selangore, F. Keheding. Perak, Larut, King’s Collector
9). i

Stem ft., solitary or sparingly tufted. Leaves 14-2 ft.; terminal leaflet 43-6
by 1-2 in., lateral rather longer and broader, lower margin straight, anter
sinuate-toothed. Spadix1 ft. long; male fl. l in.— Habit, &c., of D. Hookera nd
but the leaf-sheaths are brown scurfy, as are the leaflets more or less beneath, ^

the latter have broadly cuneate more or less ansate bases; petiolule 1 im. an
more.

, 9. D. nana, H. Wendl. & Drude in Kerchov. Palm. , 243; leer
pinnatisect, leatlets about 5, terminal flabelliform, lateral opposite dur,
trapeziformly lanceolate acuminate not caudate irregularly lobed. ar
toothed, pale beneath, spadices erect very stout simple or spar tA
branched rustily scurfy dense-fld. Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 6836. Waller
nana, Grip: M Cale, Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 488; Mart. Hist. Pi Ko

90, t. 315; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. € arina nana, Grif. Fam l
Ind. 176.0. 238 4 Ge at. ii. 34. Harina nana, Grif

8 os 18 in.
Stem 3-5 ft., clothed with rusty leaf-sheaths, petioles and epathes, Leaves ib;

4. D. gracilis, Hook. f.; stem very slender leafy upwards, Jeaflets e
lateral broadly cuneate below the middle above it triangular or
truncate and acutely toothed, fem. spadix slender erect 3-branched,
elongate ovoid obtuse base rounded, seed elliptic-oblong concavo-Convex

Didymosperma.] CLXII. PALMEX. (Beccari E Hook. f.) 491

Assam; Daphla hills, Booth.

Stem 2 ft., about as thick as a duck’s quill. Leaves 8-18 in., rachis and petiole
very slender ; leaflets 1-3} in. long and broad, white beneath. Spadiz fruiting, 8 in.,
sheathed below the middle with narrow long terete glabrous striate spathes; lateral
branches (or spikes) 3 in., terminal 4 in. long. Fruit $ by X in. diam. rather curved.
Seed 2. in, long, equally narrowed at both obtuse ends ; raphe very obscure; albumen
equable.— A pparently a very distinct species, found by Mr. Booth, Mr. Nuttall’s
collector in Assam.

12. ARENGA, Labill.

, Tallstout palms, flowering first from an upper leaf-axil, and succes-
sively from lower ; trunk densely clothed above with fibrous remains of the
leaf-sheaths. Leaves terminal, long, pinnatisect; leaflets long, linear,
usually pramorse, unicostate, base 1-2-auricled. “Spathes many, clothing
the peduncle of the spadix. MSpadices interfoliar, large, much branched,
peduncle short decurved, branches slender pendulous; male and fem.
owers usually solitary and in separate spadices, rarely 3-nate a fem.
"tween 2 males. Male fl. symmetric; sepals orbicular, imbricate; petals
oblong, valvate; stamens numerous, filaments short, anthers apiculate ;
Pistillode 0. Fem. Ji. subglobose; sepals accrescent; petals triangular,
Valvate ; staminodes many or 0; ovary subglobose, 3-celled, stigmas conic.
Fruit obovoidly globose, 9-3-seeded ; stigmas terminal. Seeds compressed
or plano-convex ; albumen equable; embryo dorsal.—Species about 10, trop.
Asia, Malaya and Australia.

l. A. saccharifera, Labill. in Mem. Inst. Fr. iv. 209; trunk tall
Very stout, leaflets 4-fariously fascicled linear lobed and variously toothed
towards the tip, base 1-2-auricled white beneath, male buds obtuse. Mart.
Hist. Nat. Palm. 191, t. 108 and 161, f. 4; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 35;
Kurz For, Fl. ii. Aa: Griff. in Cale. Journ, Nat. Hist. v. 472; Palms
Brit. Ind, 164, t. 135 A. A. Griffithii, Seem. ep H. Wendl. in Kerchov.

alm. 239, Saguerus Rumphii, Soch, Fi. Ind. iii. 626. S. saccharifer,
Feat, Verh. Bat. Genoostsch. i. 350; Blume, Rumphia, ii. 128, t. 123-4.
mutus saccharifer, Spreng. Syst. ii. 692. Borassus Gomutus, Lour. Fi.

Cochinch, ii. 759.

y Artnr Prav, Burma, and the MALAY PENINSULA,—DISTRIE. E. Asia and

aya
Trunk 20-40 ft Leaves very many, 20-28 ft.; leaflets up to 115 on each side,

3-5 ft. ong, subsessile, linear, coriaceous, costa stout, scurfy beneath ; petiole seurfy-
ale spadia 4-5 ft., simply branched, flowers oblong-clavate purple 1 in. long an

em. jl. solitary, 1 in diam. Fruit 2-24 in. long, oblong-turbinate, base
harrowed, top rounded or depressed.

2. A. obtusifolia, Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 191, t. 147, 148, 161;
prank tall very stout, ‘leaflets bifarious linear narrowed and truncate
‘lobed or toothed at the tip white beneath, base 1- or ex-auricled, malo
J Sete. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 36. A. Westerhoutii, Grif. in Cale.
192; ol Hist. v. 474; Palms Brit, Ind. 166, t. 235 B, C, D; Mart. l.e.

2; Mig. 1, e, 37, Saguerus Langkab, Blume Rumph. ii. 131, t. 96, 125.
mutus obtusifolius, Blume mss.

PENANG, Lewes. MALAY PENINSULA, at Naning, Westerhout.

wan? nearly allied to A. saccharifera, distinguished by the arrangement of the

ets, which according to Griffith are bifarious with deflexed tips, the upper alone

499 ` otemt, PALME, (Beccari & Hook. f.) [Arenga.

auricled and only on one side, the acute male buds, and by the oblong fruit narrowed
at both ends.

3. A. Wightii, Grif. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 475; Palms Brit.
Ind. 167, t. 235 E; trunk short stout soboliferous, leaflets alternate
crowded linear 2-auricled at the base, tip narrowed unequally 2-lobed and
toothed white beneath, male buds acute.

The Deccan PENINSULA; Coimbatore, Wight; Nilghiri hills, alt. 3000 ft.,
Gamble. .

Trunk 3-8 ft. Leares 12-28 ft. ; leaflets linear-ensiform, 3-3} ft. by 13-2 m.,
margins sparingly toothed from the middle upwards; lower auricle very large, over
lapping the petiole ; petiole 6-8 ft. Spadices 4 ft., peduncle 2 ft. Frut about
the size of a crab-apple, globosely turbinate, broader than long.

13. CARYOTA, Linn.

Tall palms, soboliferous or not, flowering from the upper leaf-sheaths,
and successively from lower (alternately male and fem.); trunk nak
or sheathed. Leaves few, very large, broad, bipinnatisect ; leaflets very
obliquely dimidiately flabelliform, or cuneiform, premorse or round
at the tip, petiolules or bases swollen at the insertion. Spathes 3-5,1no
plete, tubular. Spadices interfoliar, shortly peduncled, much fastigiately
branched; branches slender, pendulous; flowers solitary and male, Hi
3-nate with the intermediate fem. Fem. fl. symmetric; sepals roundel,
imbricate; petals linear-oblong, valvate; stamens very many, filaments
very short, anthers long. Fem. fl. subglobose, sepals rounded, imbricate;
petals rounded, valvate; ovary 3-celled, stigma 3-lobed, ovules erect.
Fruit globose, 1-2-seeded, stigma terminal. Seeds erect; albumen rumi-
nate; embryo dorsal.—Species about 10, tropical Asiatic, Malayan a?
Australian.

l. C. urens, Linn. Fl. Zeyl. 187 ; trunk stout tall not soboliferous,
leaflets cuneiform very obliquely truncate acutely serrate-toothed, uppa
margin produced and caudate, male buds cylindric about 3 times as long #
broad, stamens 40-45, fruit 2—2 in. diam., base apiculate, testa adhere, e
Gærtn. fruct. i. 90, t. 7; Roxb. FI. Ind. ii. 625; Mart. Hist. Nat. Paw
193, t. 107 and 108, and 162; Griff. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 278.
Palms Brit. Ind. 160; Tier, Enum. 329; Dalz, & Gibs. Bomb. Fl 205
Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii, 41.— Rheede Hort. Mal. i. t. 11.

Throughout the HOTTER PARTS OF INDIA, from the Sikkim Himalaya
southwards to Ceylon and Singapore—Disrrip.-Trop. Asia, Malaya. 5-6 ft.

Trunk 30-40 ft. l ft. diam., annulate, Leaves 18 20 by 10-12 ft., leaflets P outer
eurved and drooping, pinnules 4-8 in., broadly cuneate, upper parrowe | ft;
margin caudate; petiole very stout. Spadiv 10-12 ft. long; spathes ` les;
branches all reaching the same level; flowers 3-nate, a fem. between two mat
male $ in. long, or more, Fruit reddish. ?

and Assam

2. C. obtusa, Griff. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 480; Palms ie
Ind. 170; glabrous, trunk tall stout not soboliferous, leaflets bout
obliquely cuneiform crenate, upper margin not caudate, male buds à ab
as long as broad, stamens very many, fruit 2—1 in. diam., base not a Is
late. Mart. Hist. Nat. Palin. iii. 195. C. obtusidentata, Grif. 7"
Brit. Ind, 236 A, B.

UPPER Assam; Mishmi Mts., alt. 3-4000 ft., Griffith.

Caryota.] OLX. PALMEX. (Beccari & Hook. f.) (433

Habit and stature of C. urens, from which it differs in the more rounded and
rarus apex of the leaflets, in the shorter unexpanded male flowers and slightly in
the fruit.

Var. equatorialis, Becc. mss.; pinnules more acute more deeply crenate or
serrate, male fl. larger, stamens more than 100. ? C. ochlandra, Hance in Journ.
A 1879, 174.— Malay Peninsula; Perak, Wray (n. 1239). Malay Islands,

ina.

d C. mitis, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. ii. 569; stem low soboliferous,
petioles leaf-sheaths and spathes scurfily villous, leaflets very obliquely
cuneiform erose and toothed, upper margin acute, spadix branches scurfy,
male buds cylindric, stamens about 15-25. Mart. Hist. Nat. Palin. ni.
195; Kunth Enum. iii. ; C. sobolifera, Wall. Cat. 8594; Mart. l. e. iii. 194,
t. 107, £. 2; Griff. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. A81; Palms Brit. Ind. 171,
t. 236 C; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 4l; Kurz. For. Fl. ii. 530. C. urens,
Jacq. Fragm. 20, t. 12, f. 1. C. nana, Wall. Cat. 8595. C. furfuracea,
Blume in Mart. 1, c. 195; Rumphia, ii. 141 (evel. var. caudata). C. pro-
pinqua, Blume in Mart. l. c. 195, in Rumphia l. c. 138, t. 155 (partim) 162.

C. Griffthii, Bece. in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Lial. iii. 15.

Burma; from Arracan southwards, and the Maray PENINSULA, PENANG and
the Andaman Islands.—Disrris. Malay Islands. .

Stem 15-25 ft. by 4-5 in. diam. Leaves 4-9 ft., pinnules 4—7 in., irregularly
toothed. Spadio as in C. urens, but much smaller, with fewer unequal scurfy
ranches, and much smaller flowers, the males about } in. long. Stamens apiculate.
Ser 3, tips glandular. Fruit } in. diam., blueish black. Seed globose,

à Loose,

14. ORANIA, Zippel.

. Tall, stout, unarmed palms. Leaves terminal, equally and regularly
Pinnatisect: leaflets linear, tips obliquely lobed or torn, strongly uni-
ostate; petiole stout, sheath short. Spathes 2, lower short, tubular,
compressed; upper large, clavate, cleft longitudinally . Spadix interfoliar,
elongate, shortly peduncled, branches slender fastigiate; flowers minute,
Upper or all male, lower or all 3-nate, a fem. between 2 males. Male fi.
subsymmetric ; calyx minute, 3-fid; petals oblong or lanceolate, valvate ;
stamens 3 or 6, filaments subulate, anthers erect slits extrorse; pistillode
conic, Fem. fl. larger, ovoid; calyx membranous, 3.fid; petals ovate,
obtuse, valvate; staminodes 3 or 6; ovary 2-gonous, 3-celled, stigmas
d; ovules pendulous. Kruit globose, 1-3-celled, stigmas basili.
eed globose, testa spongy, adherent to the endocarp; albumen equable ;
embryo dorsal.— Species about 5, tropical Asiatie and Malayan.

1. O.macrocladus Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 186, t.177, f. 1; lowers
+ Snate, a fem. between 2 males, more or less distichously arranged,
x amens 6, Bece. in Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ii. 152, 164, t. 13. Macro-
17 ¥8 sylvicola, Grif. in Cale, Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 489; Palms Brit. Ind.

7, t. 239 A, p.

Maray PENINSULA; Malacca, in the Ching forests, Griffith. Pr) Jaya. io

A Zoe 40 ft. ; crown densely leafy, subhemispheric. Leaves 12-15 "n Se eg

md. me; leaflets 24-3 ft. by 2 in., white and scurfy beneath ; petiole 5 t. pat s

t 1X scurfy. ` Spadix paniculately branched, nodding, branches slender;
"8 White, Fruit 14-14 in. diam., smooth, whitish.

424 CLXIIL. PALMEM. (Beccari & Hook. f.)

15. NIPA, Wurmb.

A prostrate æstuarial gregarious palm; stem (or rootstock) branched.
Leaves pinnatisect; leaflets lanceolate, plicate. Spathes many, sheathing.
Spadia terminal, branched, erect, fruiting drooping; flowers moncecious,
male in catkin-like lateral branches of the spadix, female in à globose
terminal head, perianth glumaceous. Male fl. minute mixed with seta-
ceous bracteoles; sepals linear, with broad truncate inflexed tips, imbricate;
petals smaller; stamens 3, filaments cuneate, anthers linear basifixed ;
pistillode 0. Fem. fl. much larger; sepals 6, rudimentary, displaced;
staminodes 0; carpels 3, tips free, each with an oblique stigmatic line;
ovules 3, erect. Fruit large globose, syncarp of many obovoid hexagona:
l-celled l-seeded carpels, with pyramidal tips and infra-apical Mei
pericarp fleshy and fibrous, endocarp spongy and flowery. Seed erect,
grooved on one side, testa coriaceous viscid within, and adherent to
be endocarp, hilum broad; albumen equable, hollow; embryo basilar,
obconic.

1. N. fruticans, Wurmb. in Verh. Bat. Genootsch. i. 949; ex Blume
Rumph. ii. 72; iii. 164, 165; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 305, t. 208 ; Lam.
Illustr. t. 897; Labill. in Mem. Mus. Par. v. t. 21, 22; Gaud. Voy. Bonan
t. 67 ; Kunth Enum. iii. 110, 589; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 150; Griff. Nom
ni. 168; lc. Pl. Asiat. 944; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 650; Thw. Enum. 925
Kurz. For, Fl. ii. 541.

From the SUNDERBUNDS, southwards to the MALAY PENINSULA. CEYLON.—
DISTRIB. Malay Archip. and Australia. D us

Trunk or rootstock very stout. Leaves 15-30 ft. ; leaflets 4—5 ft., rigid, Sette
beneath; petiole 4-5 ft., very stout. Spadis 4-7 ft.; peduncle 3-4 ft. t as
large as a man’s head; carpels 4-6 in. long, smooth, brown,—Not recorde
existing in either coast of the Deccan Peninsula.

16. PHOENIX, Linn.

Low or tall dicecious palms. Leaves pinnate; leaflets lanceolate t
ensiform, sides induplicate. Spadices usually several, interfoliar, ere? -
drooping in fruit, branched; spathe basilar, complete, coriaceous : reg
small, yellowish, coriaceous. Male fi., calyx cupular 8-toothed ; petad ;
obliquely ovate, valvate; stamens 6 (3-9), filaments subalate, ano tho
erect, dorsifixed ; pistillode minute or 0. Fem. fl. globose, calyx 0 hed
male, accrescent; petals rounded, imbricate; staininodes 6, or à 6-toot Wi
cup; carpels 3, free, stigmas sessile, uncinate; ovules erect. Le
oblong, terete, l-seeded, stigma terminal, pericarp fleshy, endocarp me
branous. Seed oblong, ventrally grooved; albumen equable or f
rumiuate, embryo dorsal or subbasilar.—Species 10 or 11, African "
Asiatic.
entatir*

ted as
MN and

The following attempt at diagnosing the Indian species of Phenix is t
and awaits much further knowledge of the living plants before it can be acc

t twor e T > ate , i od i Sin
hut " or wy, The trme Date, P. dactylifera, has been introduced into

* Embryo ventral.

T Stem tall, (or short in P. zeylanica).

Phoenix.) CLXIII. PALMEÆ. (Beccari E Hook. f.) 425.

l P. sylvestris, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 73; Fl. Ind. ii. 787; trunk
solitary stout, petiole spinous, leaflets 1-2 ft. fascicled 24 farious rigid
glaucous green, male spadix 2-3 ft., fruit 1-1} in. long, terete. Mart.
Hist. Nat, Palm. iii. 276 (excl. syn. Linn. & Kaempf) 326, t. 136. Kunth
Enum. iii. 250; Wall. Cat. 8602; Griff. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 350;
Palms Brit. 141, t. 228 A; P Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FI. 978; Brund. For.
FL554; Kurz, For. Fl. ii. 535; Becc. Males. ii. 947, 364, t. 43, f. 3.
Elate sylvestris, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1189, in parl. Katou Indel, Ham. in
Trans, Linn. Soc. xv. 86.— Rheede Hort. Mal. iii. t. 22, 25.

Cultivated throughout the plains of INDra and Burma. Wild in the Indus

sin, Aitchison.

„Trunk 25-40 ft., clothed with the persistent bases of petioles. Leaves 10-15 ft.,
quite glabrous, Spathe 12-16 in., scurfy, petiole short. Spadices erect, fruiting
melined with spreading branches ; branches of male filiform; male fl. 4-3 in. long.
Fruiting peduncle short, 6 in. or more. Fruit orange yellow, seed rounded at both
ends, pale brown.— Very near P. dactylifera and possibly the origin of that plant, of
Which the leaflets point more forward and are of a brighter green, and the seeds are
pute at both ends, but most variable in this respect and often imperfect. The

mbay Flora is cited above with doubt, as its authors imply that the leaflets are
not fascicled, They say * Roxburgh says the leaflets are fascicled, this is surely a
inistake,”” They mention another species as growing in the Hewra Garden, and
brought from the Ghats, with a stem 6-8 ft. high, and leaves more slender and

elicate than sylvestris and acaulis. The Elate sylvestris of Linnæus includes this

ind a Ceylon palm (see P. zey/anica).—Griffith observes that Rheede's figure repre-
“ents the fruit as very much smaller and of a different shape from that of the Bengal
Pant. The whole subject wants a careful study.

yo P. zeylanica, Trimen in Journ. Bot. 1885, 267; Syst. Cat.
Zeyl. Pl. 96; stem 14 ft. or less, leaflets subequidistant quadrifarious
bright green rigid, fruiting spadix with long slender spreading branches,
fruit Scarlet then dark purple. P. zeylanica, Hort ; Hook. f. in Kew Report, +
94 4 9. P sylvestris, Thwaites Enum. 329. P. pusilla, Gerin. Fruct. i.
A, t. 9; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 273, 321, t. 136 (partly as to descr.,
ST srel. figs. x., xi, in t. W., and 1-15 in t. 124). Elate sylvestris, Linn.
P. Pl. 1189 (the Ceylon plant only).

ÜEYLON; in shady w

Stem 8-20 ft., rarely Mn shorter. Leaves rather short; leaflets very many
not fascicled, 7—10 in. pungent, spreading at right angles. Fruit 3 in. or rat ver
More, 1 in. diam. Seed nearly as long, with the groove dilating into a canal o
Various forms.—(Trimen’s appropriate name should replace Grertner's misleading
mo even if Gaertner had been right in assuming his plant to be the “J alma dacty-
SS aculeata minima ” of Plum. Gen. Aimer. 3, which he cites doubtfully as a
nonym, and which is an American plant.—J. D. H.)

3. P. ru me ù n. Linn. Soc. xi. 13; trunk

. . Picola, T. Anders. im Journ. Lin . =
ary slender naked, leaflets 1} ft. bifarious and not fascicled "7
dë green, fem. spadix 3-4 ft. long peduncled, fruit 2 in. long. " Jecc.
». 39; HL 348, 395. P. Andersoni, Cat. Hort. Calcut. No. "ub nals
e 3?: Gard. Chron. 1877, ii. 45, fig. 4.—Phenicoidea, Griff. Journals,

muta HIMALAYA, alt. 460-1400 ft., Anderson. Assam and the Mrismwi
rifith |
Trunk 15-29 : i labrous; petiole com-
tessed — ft. by 8 in. diam. Leaves 10 ft., quite g ; pi À
i padices elongated. much compressed, females with a few fascicled spikes

n the acute margins near the apex; spathe 1 ft. long. Fruit oblong, shining,

426 CLXII. PALMEX. (Beccari E Hook. f.) [Phoniz,

yellow. Seed j-2 in. long; groove dilated inwards.—The numerous bright green
decurved leaflets all in one plane, are peculiar to this beautiful species.

tt Stem normally very short or 0 (sometimes elongate in P. humilis).

4. P. acaulis, Buch. ex Boch, Fl. Ind. iii. 783, Hort. Beng. 73;
stem bulbiform, leaflets in subopposite fascicles multifarious subglaucous,
spathes 6-8 in., rigid, spadix and its peduncle very short, and branches
erect very stout, fruit } in. long. Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 875
Kunth Enum. iii. 257; Griff. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 345 5 Palms
Brit. Ind. 137, var. melanocarpa, ll. cc. 346, 138, t. 227 ; Mart. Hist. Nat.
Palm, iii. 274, 321; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 978 ; Brandis, For. Fl. 555;
Becc. Males. 348, 397, t. 44, iv. f. 51-57; Wall. Cat. 8602 C.

NORTHERN and CENTRAL INDIA; from Kumaon eastwards to the KHASIA HILLS
and BURMA.

Stem 6-10 in. diam., densely clothed with sheaths and bases of peti
2-6 ft. ; pinnules 3-14 ft., very rigid; marginal nerve very strong; petiole 1 ft. or
more with many spines. Spadix 6-10 in., compressed, rather longer than the
lanceolate obtuse spathe, branches very stout; male fl. j-3 in. long. Fnit
elliptie-oblong, mucronate, bright red to blue black. Seed 1-4 in. long, groove

road,

5. P. farinifera, Roxb. Cor. Pl. i. 55, t. 74; Hort. Beng. 12; =
Ind. iii. 785; stem very short, leaflets subopposite 4-farious ensiform rigid
pungent dark green, fruiting spadix 8-12 in., branches spreading; drupe
small black. Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 274 (excl. syn. pusilla) ; Grif.
in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 348; Palms Brit. Ind. 140 (exel. syn);
Brand. For. Fl. 556; Steavens. in Proc. Agric. Hort. Soc. Madras, N.S. 1Y-
(1886) 346. ? P. pusilla, Trim. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxiii. 173; Bece. Male.

. 949, 402, t. 44, f. 28-237.
8 COROMANDEL coast, not far from the sea. CEYLON, in the north part of the
island.

, Bhrubby ; stem at most 4 ft., thickly clothed with old leaf sheaths. pelis
with one or more pairs of spines. Spathes leathery smooth, marcescent, Spa A
8-12 in., much branched ; male fl. i in. long. Fruit the size of a large Frenc’
bean, pulp sweet and mealy. Seed pretty smooth, brown, grayish withing
Roxburgh, who is the only sure authority for this species, does not give the leng
of the fruiting peduncle, of the spathe, or of the petiole. The stem, he says, p is

oles. Leaves

farinaceous pith. Mr. Steavenson observes that the foliage is so spinous tias ;
impossible to walk through clumps of this species.
. D 7 d
6. P. humilis, Royle IIl. 394, 397, 399; stems sbort tufted, (0

bulbiform ?) rarely elongate, leaves subglaucous, leaflets scattered nt

ruptedly fascicled, fruiting spadix long-peduncled, branches Sp

rather slender, fruit oblong, pericarp thin. Beee. Males. iii. 947, 379.

rds 1o

Malabar.— DISTRIB. China, Cochin China. distin-
Ncither the published description nor available collections suffices tc oubtless

ding t0

The following forms are referred to it by Beccari, besides the var. €,
of China, and bis remarkable Parusnath var. y, robusta, which I discovere
and which cannot, I think, be included.—J. D. H.

Phæniz.] CLXII. PALMEZ. (Beccari & Hook. f.) 427

Var. a, typica, Becc. l.c. 347, 379, t. 44, and ii. f. 22-24; stem short or mode.
rately long, leaflets elongate pale green in usually remote fascicles, fruiting
Peduncle usually very long, fruit rather long, groove of seed very short. P.
humilis, Royle l.c. P. Ouseleyana, Grif. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 347 ; Palms
Brit. Ind. 139. P. sylvestris ?, Wall. Cat. 8602 B.—Outer Himalaya, alt. 1-5000 ft.,
from Kumaon eastwards. Assam (Jenkins), the Khasia hills and Central India; at
Chota Nagpore, Cal. Ouseley.— Griffith describes P. Ouseleyana, from an Assam
specimen, as having the ovoid bulbous stem of P. acaulis, a foot long by 6 in. diam.,
leaves 22-3 ft., leaflets very narrow indeed and strongly conduplicate 1 ft. long by
(owing to the conduplication) 3 in. broad, lower spinescent, male spadix 1 ft. rather
longer than the spathe, fem. spadix 2-2} ft. much longer than its spathe with few
terminal long flexuose spikes, male fl. iin. long (in Sikkim specimen). The seeds
examined are from Sikkim, $-i in. long, with a broad groove.

Var. 8, Lourierii, Bece. l.c. 348, 379, t. 41, ii. f. 16, 17 ; stem short or very short,
leaflets subglaucous often approximate mostly falciform, fruiting peduncle elongate,
fruit ovoid, P. Loureirii, Kunth Enum. iii. 257. P. pusilla, Lour. Fl. Cochinch.
614 (non. Gertn.). P. Roebelinii, O’Brien, in Gard. Chron. 1889, ii. 475, 758,
fg. 68.—Assam, the Khasia Hills, Burma, Munnipore, Cochin China,

Var. 8, pedunew'ata, Bece. lc. 379, 387, t. 44, f. 13-15, 18-21, 25-27 ; stem
short, pine subglaucous more or less fascicled, spathe 8 iu. long, margiu fringed,
“iting peduncle very long, fruit small oblong-ovoid black, groove of seed usually
dilating into a canal. P. pedunculata, Palms Brit. Ind. 139. P. acaulis, Miq. Pl.
Holen, Nilg. No. 1213.— Western Ghats, from the Concan southwards, ascending to
about 6000 ft. on the Nilghiri hills, Wight, &¢.—Griflith describes this as soboli-
ferous, With leaves 4—5 ft. , leaflets 1 ft., petiole bearing solitary or fascicled spines,
male spadix about a span long, fem. a little longer, with a very long fruiting

uncle, fruit 4-2 in. by 1-1 in. diam.—Mr. J. Steavenson (ia Journ. Agric.

ort. Soc, Madras, N.S. (1866), 337), observes that this is a graceful pale green
Palm, with the stem never more than a foot or so high. ‘The seeds described above
are from Nilghiri specimens and are }—} in. long. Specimens, presumably of this
puts Sent by Mr. Talbot from N. Canara, have spathes 8 in. long, with a deep brown
noge of matted woolly hairs; fruit black ; seeds 4-Z in. loug groove narrow hardly
lated within, , `

WW Embryo basilar.

* paludosa, Rows. Hort. Beng. 75; Fl. Ind.

P 789; gregarious,
stbarboreous, leaflets opposite and alternate bifarious ensi

form with filiform

Pee Ind. 144, t. 999 A, B; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlii. 11. 202; For.

sia, 1. 536 ; Brandis, For. Fl. 556; Gamble,
mensis, Mig, Palm, Archip. Ind. 14.

Aestuarial shores from BENGAL to Burma and the ANDAMAN IsLANDS—

IB. Siam, Cochin Chin:
Trunks 8 97 nn Vata, . , 2 18 in. diam. Leaves
-4 incli »rous, annulate, 12-18 in. dia ¢
10 ft 9 ft., often inclined, soboliferous, a ith many long spines,

Sheath, 2, eaflets 1-2 ft. ; petiole 3-5 ft., slender, scurfy,

tensy. Diren, Male spudin with its pedunele 1} ft.,

Paid? , m. spathe shorter ; male fl. 1 in. long ; fem. subglob
* in. long, mucronate, black purple when fully ripe.

compressed ; spathe as long,
ose with 6 staminodes.

IMPERFECTLY KNOWN SPECIES.

8. P. robu hick as a man's body
Osely Ai Sta, Hook. f.; trunk 15-20 ft.as thic
m ly clothed and Zei tessellated from the sheaths of the fallen
Yes, leaves about 3 ft. long, leaflets fascicled quadrifarious strict,

428 oam, PALMEX. (Beccari & Hook. f.) [ Pheniíz,

strongly conduplicate, fruiting peduncle 2 ft. P. humilis, var. robusta,
Becc. Males. 348, 384.

BEHAR ; on Parusnath, alt. 4000 ft., J. D. H., Ze, . lated

A very remarkable species from the great bulk of the trunks, and their en $ A
appearance, due to the comparatively small size of the appressed old leaf-sheat mind
which, judging from excellent photographs procured for me by Mr. Clarke, the
must be very many in a plane cutting the diameter of the trunk ; they give to i"
trunk the appearance of a Cycas. The figure of P. cycadifolia, Regel, Gar “the
1879, 131, t. 974, a plant referred to dactylifera, strongly resembles robusta in t
bulk and marking of the trunk.

17. COR YPIHA.

Tall stout unarmed palms, dying after once flowering and froiting,
Leaves very large, orbicular or lunate, flabellately multifid; petiole
spinous. Spadix very large, terminal, erect, paniculate; spathes E
tubular. Flowers small, bisexual. Calyx cupular, 3-fid. Petals wey
nate below in a stipes, ovate, acute, imbricate or subvalvate. Stamens à
filaments subulate, anthers dorsifixed. Ovary 3-lobed, 3-celled ; style $ " ;
subulate, stigma minute. Fruit of 1-3 globose fleshy drupes, sty
basilar. Seed erect, globose or oblong; albumen equable ; embryo spit
—Species about 6, tropical Asiatic.

1. €. elata, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii. 176; trunk spirally ridged, leaves
lunate, petiole with black margins and curved spines, panicle ist
ovoid, branches spreading, drupe about lin. diam. stipitate. Mart. na
Nat. Palm. 233; Kunth Enum. iii. 236. Griff. in Cale. Journ. Nat. = à
v. 314; Palms Brit. Ind. 112, t. 220 D. ©. Gebanga, Kurz For. Fl.
525, an Blume ?

BENGAL and Burma, :am., 80-100-

Trunk straight, 60-70 ft. high by 2 ft. diam. Leaves 8-10 ft. diam., irally
fid to about the middle; lobes ensiform, obtuse or 2-fid; petioles 6-12 ft., it span
arranged, auricled. Spadiz about } the height of the trunk, much narrower n icles
than the foliaze, supradecompound; spathes many. Flowers in scattere tals ree
on the rather stout spreading branchlets of the spadix; calyx 3-toothed, ae itate,
flexed ; ovary suddenly contracted into the short style. Drupe very sbortly d T
olive colrd., smooth ; pericarp friable, endocarp adnate to the testa, —Griffith de in the
the leaves as nearly circular, 5-6 by 15 ft. broad, with narrower segments than
other Indian species.

2. C. umbraculifera, Linn. Sp. Pl. Ed. ii. 1657; trunk wen?
leaves sublunate or circular palmately piunatifid conduplicate pi es
middle, panicle pyramidal, primary branches piercing the spathes, € 296;
ljin.diam. Gærtn. Fruct. i, 18, t. 7 (seed inverted) ; Kunth Enum. tim) 3
Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 177; Mart; Hist. Nat. Palm. iii, 232, t. 108, 127 (parts
Griff. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 319; Palms Brit. Ind. 116., 595;
Enum. 329; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FI. Suppl. 94; Kurz For. Fi. 12
Brand. For. Fl. 549 ; Wall. Cat. 8615.—Rheede Hort. Mal. iii. t. 1-17.

MarAnAR Coast and CEYLON. at

Trunk 60-80 ft. diam. Leaves 6 ft. long by 13 broad, 80-100-fid to ais
the middle, segments obtusely 2-fid ; petiole 7 ft., spines often in pars., "oos,
attaining 20 ft, pyramidal, branches spreading. Calyx broadly 3-lobed.
suddenly contracted into the style, Drupe shortly stipitate.

o 174;
3. €. Talliera, Roxb. Cor. PI iii, 951, t. 255, 956; FU. Ind. ï 1

Corypha. ] CLXHL PALMEH, (Beccari & Hook. f.) 429

trank obsoletely annulate, leaves subrotund complicate above the middle
subglaucous, basal lobes overlapping, panicle pyramidal, branches axillary
to the spathes spreading, secondary forked, drupes 1j in. diam. Kunth
Enum. iu. 236; Mart. Nat. Hist. Palm. iii. 231; Griff. in Cale. Journ.
Nat, Hist. v. 317; Palms Brit. Ind. 114, t. 220 E, F, Wall. Cat. 8616.
Talliera bengaiensis Spreng. Syst, i. 18. T. Tali, Mart. in Roem. & Sch.
Syst. vii. 1306.

BzNGar, Roxburgh.

Trunk about 30 ft., dark brown, rather rough. Leaves 6 ft. long by 15 broad,
30-100.fid, lobes deeper and broader than in umbraculifera, the central 3-33 ft. ;
petiole 5-10 ft., not spirally arranged, biauricled, spinous. Spadix 20 ft. or more
high; primary branches with ascending tips, secondary bifarious, drooping; flowers
in close clusters. Calyx obscurely 3-lobed. Ovary suddenly contracted into the
style, Drupes 1-3, dark olive or greenish-yellow.

1 4. C. macropoda, Kurz in Journ. Beng. As. Soc. xlii. ii. (1874)

97, t. 15; For. Fl. iii. 525 ; stemless, leaves palmately flabellate 12-20 ft.

cam. divided to the middle 6-10 ft. long, petiole 18-25 ft. slender base as

wt às the arm, spines black, drupe the size of a cherry smooth olive
n.

SOUTH ANDAMAN Isrps., Kurz.

IMPERFECTLY KNOWN SPECIES. .

5. C. MARTIANA, Becc. mss. ; panicle hemispherical, branchlets pendulous, petiole
ius with small strong black spines, calyx broadly 3-lobed, ovary conico-ovoid
arrowed into the short style, drupe on a stipes A. in. long.

a c2 Mergui ? ( Hort. Calcutt.). .
28.7. MBRACULIFERA, Linn.; Wall. Cat. 8615; branchlets of panicle about
de A AN C. Ta/liera, calyx distinctly 3-lobed, ovary gradually narrowed into a

rt style.—Hort, Carey 1828, Wallich.

18. NANNORHOPS: H. Wendl.

is À gregarious tufted low-growing glabrous palm, with prostrate branch-
ð g robust rhizomes or stems. Leaves cuneately flabellate, rigid, plicate,
d 1t Into curved 2-fid segments; petiole short. Spadix interfoliar, much

Tanched ; Spathes tubular, sheathing, spathels ochreate; flowers poly-

pania Calyx tubular, membranous, unequally 3-lobed. Corolla 3-
Ges" Segments valvate. Stamens in hermaph. fl. 6, in male about 9.

smal Dgonous; style short, stigma 3-toothed; ovules basilar. Drupe
s globose or oblong, l-seeded, style basilar. Seed free, erect,

ventrally hollowed; hilum small, albumen equable; embryo dorsal or
basilar, 7 `

Jour, N. Ritchieana, H. Wendl. in Bot, Zeit. 1879, 143; Aitehis. in
Gri Linn. Soe, xix. 140, 141 and 187, t. 26. Chamierops Ritchieana,
vi we Cale. Journ, Nat. Hist. v. 342; Palms Brit. Ind. 133; Brand.
iii, Bi 947; Gard. Chron. 1886, 652, fig. 128, 129; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm.

id and the WzsrERN PaNJAB; on the Salt Range and at Attok,
lene DISTRIB. Affghanistan. iy branched
Need A thizome 8-10 ft, long, as thick as a man’s arm, dichotomously branc M ,
middle with old leaf sheaths. Leaves 2-3 ft. long and broad, whitish, split to t he
reins e ower into rigid segments with often interposed fibres 5 petiole 6-1 in.
brauch] serrulate, Spadix pyramidal, 2-3 ft., branches ascending an recurved,
mis slender; flowers in pairs within a membranous spathella, one sessile

430 CLXHI. PALMEX. (Beccari & Hook. f.) — [Nannorhops.

i i le fl. inserted in the
bracteate, the other pedicelled ebracteate. Stamens in the ma 1
corolla-tube ; in the ermaph. fl. in its throat; anthers deeply poe
narrowed into the style. Drupe globose ellipsoid or oblong, from the siz
to a bullet.

19. LICUALA.

Low, rarely tall palms; stems aunulate. Leaves more or less Greg
or flabellate, plicate, deeply partite; petiole usually spinous. 4 op as
interfoliar, sheathed by tubular coriaceous persistent spat es per ie
branched, glabrous tomentose or scurfy; Howers usually sma d aus di
hermaphrodite; bracts and bracteoles obscure or 0. Calyx Suet 6,
tubular, mouth 3-fid. Corolla-lobes coriaceous, valvate. uisi
filaments subulate; anthers cordate. Ovary of 3 free or nearly ne: Wire
l-ovuled carpels; styles filiform; ovules erect. Drupes sma a: dng
minal. Seed erect, globose, free, ventral face often hollowe ialia at
equable, embryo dorsal.—Species about 45, trop. Asia, Aus
Pacific.

There are several unnamed Burmese and Malayan-Peninsular spe
Herbarium, which I fail to identify with any of the Indian ones d may be
Beccari. I refrain from describing them, as they are solitary specimens, Heen
the same as known Malayan island species, of which I have seen no spec
J. D. H.

cies in the Kew
enumerated by

1 331i
A. Flowers 1-1 in. long.

l. L. peltata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 179; leaf orbicular 12-80 pare
petiole armed throughout with strong curved spines, spadix dn in.
superposed branches tomentose and flowers tomentose. | TË Brit.
Wern. Soc. v. 313; Grif. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 325; Pa i 298;
Ind. 120, t. 222, Mart: Hist. Nat. Palm. 234, t. 162 ; Kunth Enum or Fl.
Wall. Cat. 8617; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xliii. 1. 20 i379 1637,
ii. 527; T, Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xi. 13; Gard, Chron. ,
fig. 350.

the

Sikkim HIMALAYA, Assam, the KHaAsIA HILLS, SILHET, BURMA and
ANDAMAN IsLps. . variously

Stems 8-15 ft., usually gregarious. Leaves 3-5 ft. diam., segmenti ath and
connate, many-toothed at the apex, teeth 1-2 in; very variable 12 in. long by
breadth, obtusely 2-fid; petiole 3-4 ft., stout. Spathes tubular, ei stout spadix
2-3 in. broad, mouth irregularly toothed or lobed. Spikes of ta Iya campanu-
distant, 6-10 in., pendulous, fulvous-tomentose ; flowers stipitate. Ca y coriaceous:
late, silkily pubescent, shortly lobed. Petals 2—3 in. long, lanceolate, o rd. Jeed
Fruit 4 in. long, ellipsoid, narrowed equally at both ends, orange-
with the intruded hilar process dilated within.

B. Flowers much less than i

I. Spathes tubular, with entire or lacerate mouths.

. ising É
* Spadix with 8-10 superposed branched inflorescences arising
special spathes.

in. long.

rom

rit.
2. L. paludosa, Grif. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 233; ayer og
Ind. 118, t. 221, A, B, O; leaves flabelliform or orbicular T d-lobed,
lateral segments deeply acutely 3-4-lobed, the rest truncately mo Bet
petiole unarmed above, flowers minute glabrous, petals very $50
Males. iii. 74.

Licuala.] CLXIII. PALMEX. (Beccari & Hook. f.) 431

MALACCA; Grifith. PERAK, Scortechini, King's Collector, 7339, 8534.—
Disrriz, Siam.

Stem 4-10 ft. 3-9 in. diam., smooth. Leaves 3 ft. diam.; petiole 1-2 ft., spines
few short, recurved ; sheaths very fibrous. Spathes $ in. broad, mouths lacerate.
Spadiz very stout ; branches 4-8 in., spreading and recurved ; flowers sessile. Calyx
cup-shaped, 4, in. broad. Petals ovate. Fruit spherical, 4 in. diam,—Griffith
observes that this species approaches Z. spinosa, but is abundantly distinct by its
smooth stem, which does not look much like the stem of a Palm, and by the small
smooth turbinate flowers, I doubt Kurz’s Andaman plant being the same, it has
shortly tomentose branches of the spadix and flowers.

3. L. longipes, Griff. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 330; Palms Brit.
Ind. 125, t. 224 A, B ; stem very short, leaves orbicular about 20-partite,
Segments cuneate crenate lateral obliquely truncate terminal about 11-
toothed, crenatures 2-fid crenulate, petiole shortly armed, spathes short
broad, spadices much shorter than the petioles, branches spreading and
owers glabrous or pubescent, calyx cylindric, base truncate, petals cordate-
FL pte, ovary villous. Kurz o Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlii. 204; For.

. li. 598.

TENASSERIM ; forests in Mergui. Maracca, Griffith, Kurz.

Leaves 3-4 it. diam. ; petiole 4-5 ft., trigonous, deeply channelled above,
glabrous ; spines very variable in size and number, but never long. Spathes 3-6 in,
fot” by 1 in. broad, compressed, deeply lacerate at the mouth. Spadix stout and
weie Sparsely or sometimes densely pubescent; branches stout, curved and spread-
mg; flowers sessile. Jalyx shortly lobed, lobes 2-fid. Petals very short. Ovary
villous, Pruit seated on the pedicel-like perianth.—The cylindric calyx with a broad
truncate base is a good character.

.* Spadix with 3-6 digitately branched or forked inflorescences.
t Branches of spadix and flowers pubescent or scurfy.

4. X. Spinosa, Wurmb. in Verh. Bat. Genoolsch. ii. 469; leaves
hicular-reniform sub 18-partite, lateral segments obliquely premorse
“lobed or 2-partite, median 10-11-lobed, petiole armed throughout, spadix
many finely pubescent dense-fld. spikes and flowers, fruiting calyx
jumpanulate, petals very small, ovary glabrous, fruit obovoid. Ros. d 7.
"t 1.181 P. (exel, syn. Rumph.); Griff. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. an
Pat Brit. Ind. 119; Blume -Rumph. ii. 39, t. 82, 88: Mart. Hist. Na .
alm, ii. 235, 318, t. 135, 1, 2; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. in. 533 Suppl. 254.
Pon" Males. iii. 74, 1. paludosa, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlii. 528;
"e FL ii, 528. p, ramosa, Bl. in Schult, Syst. vii. 1303; Rumphia, n. 39.
horrida, Blume Rumph. ii, 41, t. 89, f. 1: Mart. Le 237, 318.

L urz d Mal:
Me Grën. Anpaman IsrawDs, Kurz, Man.—Disrrin. Malay

leg Stems 8-10 ft., stout, 2-4 in. diam., densely tufted, rough with sears of fallen
Ln Leaves 4 ft, diam. ; petiole obtusely trigonous, spines stout curved; ligule

m. i Y, 2 in, di: acerate. Spadir
2 1., scarious, Spathes very long, scurfy, 2 in, diam., mouths lacer P

Pither lono hi the mouth
er tha : branches 7— ate to the rachis up to
of the sS than the leaves ; branches 7-10, adna flovers 2-3-nate.

Spathes ; lower com ound, spreading, generally secund ; ers iat
vu lobed to the middle. Petals broadly lanceolate, acuminate. Fruit ohovoid,
Anda long, pedicelled by the calyx-tube, red.—Beccari (mss.) refers Kurz’s
man L, paludosa to spinosa, I think rightly (J. D. H.).

et mala eee 234 ltately digitate, seg-
yana, Becc. Males. iii. 197 ; leaves peltately digit: §
nents 20-26, teeth very short broad obtuse, petiole very long spinous at

433 CLXIIL PALME. (Beccari & Hook. f.) [ Licuala.

the base only, spadix elongate, branches many 3-partite spreading pul
cent, flowers solitary spirally disposed finely pubescent, ca Ts vir
campanulate hardly toothed, base truncate and intruded, peta
longer acute, ovary glabrous, fruit globose.

Perak, Scortechini ; Goping, King’s Collector, 469, 8127. |

Stem 4-6 ft., 14 diam. Go about 3 ft. diam.; petiole 5-6 fts Gen?
Spathes narrow, 4-6 in. long by 3 in. broad, subfurfuraceous ; lower "T wéien
mouth shortly lacerate. Spadix 24-3 ft., branches spreading and curve ke lobulate
flowers inserted in small tubercles which (in the dried state) are sank in d lagu
base of the calyx. Staminal cup deeply lobed. Fruit & in. diam., dried pericarp
than broad, tipped with the scale-like remains of the abortive carpe 8, med only at
chiefly lacemose.—Allied to L. spinosa, distinguished by the petic ded into large
the base, the form of the flowers, and the staminal cup deeply divide
lobes.

. : ms

6. L. triphylla, Grif. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 3525 erg
Brit. Ind. 126, t. 225; stem very short, leaves few flabelliform S idle et
segments broadly crenate, median narrowed into a petiolule, P «lender,
long and slender sparingly armed with small spines, spathes ve 3 erulous,
spadix short slender, branches few slender few-fld. and flowers pu
calyx turbinate, petals minute, fruit pisiform. (288,

MALACCA; forests Ayer Punnus, Griffith. PERAK, King’s Collector
3007). : the
Stem 3-4in. Leaves with segments 8-10 in. long, of very various bre aay
tips of the central crenate with very short rounded notched lobes, the later lim.
premorse and notched ; petiole 2 ft., not } in. broad; spines $ in. Sp d r, branches
long by i-i in. diam., mouth split, Spadix a foot long, very sende ’ Seed with
short, flowers Je in. long, scattered, subsessile. Petals minute, ncute.
a curved internal process.

: nts

7. L. ferruginea, Becc. mss.; leaves orbicular 3-7-partite, Pie most
broadly crenate, the central subpetiolulate, petiole very long iet furfura-
throughout furfuraceous or glabrate, spathes large broad Ten mentose
ceous, spadix and its branches very stout thickly furfuraceously
flowers sessile, calyx cupular, petals very small. King’s
c JEINGAPORE, Gaudichaud, Lobb, PERAK, at Sunki, 100-800 ft,

ollector (3041). erel

Leaves 3 te diam., young furfuraceous towards the base below, segmenta al
notched as in L. triphylla ; petiole 3—4 ft. with concave face and sides, ‘out spines.
back, young villously furturaceous along the margin between the short th lacerate-
Spathes 4-6 in. long by 1}-2 in. broad, compressed, 2-keeled, mout ers sessiles
Spadiz very stout, with stout rusty-tomentose branches 6-8 in. long ; "Y in. longs
Tg in. diam., rusty pubescent, Calyx very short, lobes rounded. Frut
ellipsoidly obovoid, obscurely 3-ribbed when dry.

tt Branches of spadix and flowers glabrous.

rit.

8. L. glabra, Griff. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 329; Palms P.
Ind. 124, t. 223 ; stem slender, leaves flabelliform 16-18-partite, n by A
linear-cuneate median 2-3-fid, tips with short bifid lobes separa
broad sinus, petiole very slender almost unarmed, spathes "m
spadix slender elongate and flowers quite glabrous, branches E pe
the rachis far above the spathes 4-5-partite, calyx campanulate,
lanceolate. ta Patebs

Maraocca; Mt. Ophir, Grifith, Hullett (852). Prax; on Gunong Ba
alt. 3-4000 tt., King’s Collector (8148) ; Scortechini (319>, 593° ).

Licuala.] CLXII, PALMEX, (Beccari & Hook. f.) 433

Stem 3-4 fr., l-l in. diam. Leaves 2-3 ft. diam. ; petiole 4—5 ft., plano-
convex. Spathes 3-6 in. narrow, cylindrie, the lower a little compressed, mouth
oblique bifid, tips quite entire. Spadir 4 ft. (in King's specimens), perfectly
glabrous throughout, rachis quite smooth, furrowed when dry; branches 4-6 in.,
divaricate ; flowers subsessile. Calyx obscurely 3-lobed. Petals twice as long,
acuminate. Young fruit ellipsoid, narrowed at both ends, keeled, 3 in. long,
stipitate by the calyx tube and spreading petals, tipped by the remains of the
abortive carpels.

IL Spathes compressed, split on one side (tubular in L. Kingii).
* Spadiz with 2 or more superposed simple or branched inflorescences.

, 9. Ie modesta, Becc. Males. iii. 195; stem elongate, leaves semi-
arcular, segments very many narrowly cuneate, petiole very long spinous
towards the base only, spathes flattened acutely 2-edged glabrous margins
of mouth quite entire, branches of spadix and flowers fulvous pubescent,
staminal cup 6-lobed, ovary glabrous.

Perak; Maxwell hill, Scortechini, alt. 3300 ft.; Larut, King’s Collector (1945,

1951, 1983, 2420, 3243), l
, Stem 2-10 ft. Leaves palmately multifid ; segments 2-3 nerved ; petiole 3-4 ft.,
shines short recurved. Spathes 4—6 long by 4 in. broad, flat, glabrescent. Spadiz
in. ; branches spreading ; flowers seated on small tubercles ; calyx campanulate,
lobes very short tipped with hairs ; corolla rather longer; style subulate. Fruit glo-
ly obovoid, about 3 in. long, pedicelled by the calyx.— Difficult to distinguish

m acutifida,

10. 1. Kunstleri, Becc.; stem robust, leaves long-petioled, mid-
“sment not petiolulate, petiole armed at the base, spathe much com-
Pressed furfuraceous mouth not lacerate, branches of spadix very scurfily
and rustily hairy, flowers pedicelled pubescent.

Perak ; on Ulu Bubong, Kunstler (10,205).

Stem 4 ft. by 4-5 in. diam. Calyx campanulate, base narrowed, pubescent ;
"e rather longer.—Only a solitary imperfect specimen seen, well characterized by
em Pedicelled flowers. Allied to acutifida, differing in the robust stem, much
"iler leaf-segm ents, and longer floral pedicels.

à IL, acutifida, Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 236, t. 135, f. 3, 4 (exel.
yn. Roxb.); stem slender, leaves many long-petioled, segments 15-20

Very narrow terminating in long narrow bifid lobes, median petiolulate,

Petiole very slender shortly armed and furfuraceous towards the base,

rath X spathes and flowers furfuraceously velvety, flowers seated on à

: d prominent pedicel, calyx obconic. Griff. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist.
' d Palms Brit. Ind. 123, t. 222 A, B; Wall. Cat. 8618.

ENANG, Lewis, Oxley, Lobb.

Stem 15-20 ftus 1-2 “n. Siam vds 1-2 ft. diam., segments 1-3-costate ;
exe Al lobes 3-1 in. ; petiole 18-48 in.; ligule elongate. Spathes paleaceousiy
Cer 2-lobed, 4-6 in. long by } in. diam., silkily or silverily paleaceous. Spa ix
2-nate m. ; spikes 3-5 in., simple or forked, adnate to the rachis, ried Ovary
oboyoj PPer solitary; calyx obtusely 3-fid, pubescent; petals striate. y

RM SInooth ; style filiform. Fruit 3 in. diam., stipitate by the calyx. Seed

m ii Imately 9-fid
` Pusilla, Becc. Males. iii. 194; stemless, leaves pa y ;
"eck Med narrow, median 3-fid on 3-partite shortly and obtusely

lateral With very oblique tips having several short and one long

Dv rf

434 CLXIII. PALMES. (Beccari & Hook. f.) [Licuala.

tooth, mouth of spathe lacerate, spadix nodding compressed, branches 3
simple subtomentose, flowers sessile, calyx campanulate pubescent, fruit
very small pisiform.

PERAK; at Semhi, King’s Collector (3028). .

Closely allied to L. triphylla, but leaf-segments more numerous, mid-segment
not petiolulate, and branches of the spadix simple. Fruit (dried) i in. diam.—
T have seen nojflowers. J. D. H.

** Snadix bearing a solitary simple or digitately branched inflorescence.

13. A. Scortechini, Becc. ‘Males. iii. 192; leaves semicircular e
17-partite, segments with long 2-fid teeth, mid-segments 9 lateral -
nerved, spathes 2 acutely 2-keeled inflated above acute, spadix and fov
fulvously pubescent, branches 4-5 filiform digitately branched, calyx 09-
conico-campanulate truncate, petals pubescent striate, staminal cup
toothed, ovary glabrous.

PERAK ; Scortechini.

Described from a single leaf and flowering spadix.

14. L. Kingiana, Becc. Males. iii. 193; stem slender, leaves ssa
semicircular 5-partite, segments broad obtusely obliquely toothed, b A
broadest sessile cuneiform, petiole very slender, spathes 2, outer tu Mix
acuminate split at the side, upper very narrow mouth lacerate, P (
terminating in a solitary dense-fld. spike, calyx campanulate airy;
staminal cup 6-toothed, ovary glabrous.

PERAK ; at Goping, Kunstler (471). nts all

Stem about 5 ft. by 1 in. diam. Leaves 10-12 in. diam. ;_ Porn in
cuneiform, many-toothed; teeth 3 A in., obtuse, entire or 2-fid; petiole 18- very
armed from the lower third with small Straight or recurved spines. Spall. in.)
slender, 1-3 in. diam., nearly glabrous. Spadia 6-10 in., erect, and sp ike (2 t not
tomentose. Calyw irregularly lobed. Petals broadly ovate, finely pubes
striate. Ovary turbinate, glabrous; style subulate. Fruit not seen.

20. LIVISTONA, Br.

Tall palms, trunk annulate. Leaves orbicular, flabellately plicate, det
to the middle into 2-fid narrow lobes; petiole long, margins "cht
Spadices interfoliar, long peduncled, erect, fruiting pendulous, +0 mm?
panicled; spathes many, tubular, sheathing; flowers minute, 2-gex

b-
ovules basilar, erect. Drupes 1-3, globose oblong or ellipsoid ; style 50 o
terminal. Seed erect, ventral face hollowed ; albumen equable; embry

Oa 26 D;
L. chinensis, Br, (L. sinensis, Mart. ;) Griff. Palms of Brit. Ind. 131, t. 2
Wall. Cat. 8620, a Chinese and Tapana ge is cultivated in India, and mà.

recognized by its reniformly flabellate leaves with long pendulous deeply bi
divisions and the olive-like drupe.

» S es
l. L. cochinchinensis, Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 242; le

. D i do
9-10 ft. diam. orbicular, lobes 2-partite, segments very long linear E L

lous, tips filiform, drupe globose 4-2 in. diam. Bece. Males. M. "*

Livistona.] CLXIIL PALMES. (Beccari & Hook. f.) 435

spectabilis, Griff. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 336; Palms Brit. Ind. 130,
t 226 C. Corypha Saribus, Lour. Fl. Cochinchin. i. 212. Saribus cochin-
chinensis, Blume Rumph. ii. 49.

MALACCA, Griffith. PENANG, Lewis.—DISTRIB. Cochin China.

Trunk 50-60 ft., smooth. Leaves about 90-fid, divisions ensiform, central

ft.; petiole obtusely trigonous, spiny throughout its length, spines stout com-

pressed recurved. Spadices 4-5 ft., nodding; branches 1-1} ft., spreading, much
divided ; spathes coriaceous, brown. Flowers sessile. Calyx cupular obtusely
3-toothed to the middle, corolla a little longer. Carpels cohering by their styles.
Drupes pale blue ; endocarp subopeous.

2. L. Jenkinsiana, Griff. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 334; Palms
Brit. Ind. 128, t. 226 A, B; leaves 5-9 ft. diam. reniformly flabellate
glaucous beneath, divisions very narrow straight shortly obtusely 2-toothed,

pe reniformly globose, 2-1 in. diam.

Assam, common, Jenkins. .

_ Trunk 20-30 ft. by 6-7 in. diam. Leaves 5-6 ft. broad, 70-80-fid ; petiole
Tops throughout its length. Spadices 2-3 ft., branches dichotomous, simple or
compound ; spathes 2 ft., woody, scurfy. Flowers clustered on small tubercles,
small, greenish, ebracteate ; calyx cupular, base truncate intruded; corolla twice as

ng. Drupes 3-1 in. diam., leaden blue.

3. L. speciosa, Kurz in Journ. Beng. As. Soc. xlii. ii. (1874), 196,
204, t. 13,14; For. Fl, ii. 526; leaves 6-7 ft. diam., palmately flabellate
reien, very shortly 2-toothed, teeth lanceolate acuminate converging,

pe obovoid 3-1 in: long.

Peau and TENASSERIM ; Kurz, Brandis. . . .

runk 50—70 ft. Leaves as broad as long, divisions linear ; petiole with very
strong sharp long recurved flattish black spines throughout its length. Spadiz

t, paniculate ; spathes brown, smooth. Flowers solitary or in pairs on smal
tubercles ; sepals and petals aboat Ae in. Drupes $ in. long, dark blue.

+, I» Kingiana, Becc. Males. iü. 199; leaves 15 ft. diam. orbicular,
We ww broadly lanceolate rigid 2-fid lobes triangular, drupe globose
14 In, iam.

MALAY PENINSULA; nstler (3904). .
„Trunk 60-100 ft. by in te for dine Saale as broad as long, very generen
divisions 2-22 in. broad; petiole 6 ft., armed throughout its length with sigmoid y
ns Very large stout spines like shark's teeth and 3 in. long. “pa Wé docar
» Dranchlets subulate slender. Drupe smooth, peculiarly fleshy, en P
mous and tessellated.

21. TRACHYCARPUWS, H. Wendl.

Tall unarmed al aves suborbicular or reniform, plicately multi-

fa, Segments Ser Spadices many, interfoliar, stout, branched ;

2é8 many, sheathing, embracing the peduncle and branches o the

, coriaceous, compressed, tomentose; bracts and. bractaolea "broa d

ve ers small, polygamo-moneecious. Sepals 3, ovate. Petals FH Can M
3 e, valvate, Stamens 6, filaments free ; anthers short, dorsifixed. blan.

7 8mas 3, recurved ; ovules basilar. Drupes 1-8, globose or oblong,

Style Sübtermi hilum basilar; albumen
minal. Seed erect, ventrally grooved, hilum ; d
dede: embryo dorsal-— Species 2 or 3, Himalayan, Chinese an

fà

436 CLXII. PALMEA. (Beccari & Hook, f. ^ [Trachyearpus.

1. T. Martiana, H Wendl. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. viii. (1861) 423;
irunk for the most part naked annulate, fem. fl. solitary sessile, drupe
oblong equally rounded at both ends, seed grooved throughout its length
embryo opposite the middle of the groove. T. khasiana, H. Wendl. l. ei
Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 7128. Chamerops Martiana, Wall. Cat. n. 8621;
Mart. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 5, t. 211; Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 251, 320;
Royle Ill. 394,-7,-9; Griff. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 339; Palms Brit.
Ind. 133. C. Griffithii, Lodd. Cat. Palm. 1841; Hort. Par. ex Rev. d
1879, 212, f. 43, ed. 1881, 143. C. khasyana, Griff. in Cale. Journ. Nat.
Hist. v. 341; Palms Brit. Ind. 134, t. 227 A, B, O; Brand. For. Fl. 546;
Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xliii. 204; For. Fl. ii. 526; Gamble Man.
Ind. Timb. 418; Houllet in Rev. Hortic. 1879, 272 (with woodcut).

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, alt. 6-8000 ft., from Nepal eastwards, the Kasia
HILLS, alt. 4000-5000 ft. MuxxiPon&, Watt. BURMA, alt. 4-6500 ft., Kurs. l

Trunk 20-50 ft., slender; clothed beneath the crown with. persistent cows
sheaths; young parts softly furfuraceously hairy. Leaves 4-5 ft. diam., subg AUN
beneath, cut about half way down into linear 2-lobed segments; rigidly conn adia
petiole 11-23 ft., margins denticulate; sheath leaving stiff erect fibres. e
1-1i ft., nodding, glabrous; basal spathes 1 ft., coriaceous, split. Flower? Y^ ilow
ovaries villous. Drupe 1-3, } in. long, blueish, “dirty blue” (Kurz) “Y
lepidote " (Wall.).

2. T. excelsa, H. Wendl. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. vin. 409; € on
clothed throughout with old leaf-sheaths, flowers clustered 2-4 on a tu Tu 3
drupe reniform, deeply hollowed on one side, embryo opposite Dag
cus. T. Fortunei, Wendl. Le Chamerops excelsa, Thunb, Fl. Jap: 339.
(not var. B); Mart. Hist Nat. Palm. iii. 251. Miquel Prolus. Fl. e li
J. Gay in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. viii. 410; Franch. & Sav. Enum. PI. Ver dx
Le in Rev. Hortic. 1877, 223. O. Fortunei, Hook. Bot. #09.

Upper Burma, Yunan, T. Anderson.—DISTRIB. China, Japan.

T. excelsa closely resembles T. Martiana, except in the trunk being
old leaf-sheaths.

clothed with

22. PHOLIDOCARPUS, Blume.

Trunk tall. Leaves orbicular, 4-5-partite; petiole spinous: hilum
globose or ovoid with a tessellated pericarp. Seed laterally inserted, very
oval; albumen ruminate; embryo basilar.—Species 5, Malayan, 9
imperfectly known.

1. P. macrocarpa, Becc. Males. iii. 90, 92, t. 9, f. 1-3; troit er
bosely obovoid 4-43 in. diam. distinctly tessellate, endocarp globose Blume
fibrous, fibres elongate. PP. hur, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 591 (non
PLivistona Diepenhorstii, Teysm. fid. Mig. l. c.

MALAYAN PENINSULA; Klang, nea gore, Keheding. e

Nothing further of this species is See eg from the P. Ihr, e Sech
boyna in the larger more deeply tessellated fruits, and the long fibres of

coat of the endocarp.
23. CALAMUS, Iann. j
tisects

rme

Armed, erect or scandent, tufted palms. Leaves alternate, p d
leaflets acuminate, nerves parallel, rachis often produced into

Calamus.] CLXIII, PALMEZ. (Beccari & Hook. f.) 437

flagellum ; sheath armed, produced into a ligula or ochrea, and with or
without a lateral armed flagellum. Spadices axillary, usually elongate,
much branched, sometimes produced into a flagellum. Spathes tubular or
open, persistent, sheathing the peduncle and branches of the spadix and
passing into bracts and bracteoles (spathels and spathellules). Flowers
small, polygamo-dicecious, in usually distichous often scorpioid spikelets
solitary or binate (a fem. or male or both) in the bracteoles. MALE FL.
Calyx cupular, 3-toothed. Petals 3, acute, coriaceous, valvate. Stamens
ô, filaments short, anthers dorsifixed. Feu. rL. slightly accrescent, fruiting
pedicelliform or lexplanate. Calyx of the male. Corolla tubular below,
fid, valvate. Staminodes forming a cup. Ovary incompletely 3-celled,
clothed with retrorse scales; style short or rather long, stigmas 3; ovules
ilar, erect. Fruit globose or ellipsoid; style terminal; pericarp thin,
clothed with appressed deflexed closely imbricating polished scales. Seed
subglobose or oblong, smooth or pitted; albumen equable or ruminate;
embryo ventral or basal.—Species about 160-170 trop. Asiatic, Malayan,
ustralian and a few trop. African.

The following arrangement of the groups and species is taken from Beccari's mss.

v diagnoses and descriptions of the species are from his rough notes and the works

xburgh, Griffith, Martius and Kurz, in all cases aided by specimens when I had
Access to them. —J. D. H,

GnovP I, Leaves with many equidistant leaflets. Spathe 1st, elongate-
tubular, dilated and lacerate above; 2nd, tubular, infundibular. Spadix
mith the partial infl. and spikelets provided with a pedicellar portion
'acluded in their respective spathes. Fruiting perianth explanate.
Pathellule of fem. 8. short, not pedicelliform. Sp. 1-9.

GnovP IT. Leaves with very few radiating or digitate leaflets, rachis
hot flagelliferous ; leaf sheath flagelliferous. Spathe 1st very long, tubular,
mouth lacerate ; 2nd, thick, inflated, lacerate. Spadices male and fem.
simply decompound ; partial infl. and spikelets with a pedicelled portion
wetted at the mouth or back of their respective spathes. Fruiting
Perianth explanate. Spathellules of fem. fl. short, not pedicelliform. Fruit
cales more than 19-15.seriate. Seed not ruminate; embryo basilar.—
(Blender scandent species; stamens 2-seriate, filaments thickened at the
ase, tips not inflected). Sp. 10-12.

Grove ITI Leaves ipi idistant ; rachis not flagelli-
. nnate, leaflets equidistant ;
ferous, leaf-sheath flarelliferous. Spathe 1st, elongate-tubular, closely
t ne, Partial infi. and spikelets (inserted at the mouth and bac o
8 ;,; ath). Fruiting calyx explanate or hardly callous and pedicelliform.
aveo ees of fem. fl. not pedicelliform. Seeds not dorsally ruminate-
Veolate ; embryo basilar, Sp. 13-31.

our IV Rachi i ; leaf-sheath flagelliferous

- Lachis of leaves not flagelliferous; leat-s erous

nally Spathe 1st very long, at first tubular closed, at length longitudi
y Split open, loriform, laminar or foliaceous. Seed not superficially

; albumen equable. Sp. 32-39.

Group y Rach; . : sheath flagelliferous.
. h t flagelliferous; shea g TOU

Spathe lst submernbramcua, at fret elongate tubular at length longitudi-
Y more or less split and partly sublaminar. Fruiting calyz more or

438 OLXII. PALMEE. (Beccari & Hook. f.) [ Calamus.

less pedicelliform. Spathellules of fem. fl. pedicelliform. ud dorsally
alveolate; albumen subruminate; embryo basilar. Sp. 40, 41.

Group VI. Rachis of leaves not flagelliferous ; leaf-sheath fag is
Spathe 1st tubular, coriaceous, narrow, not split or lacerate. pa a oak
of fem. fl. exserted beyond the spathels, and as it were ee arrowed
pedicel. Fruiting perianth pedicelliform. Seed superficially
albumen ruminate ; embryo basilar. Sp. 42-43.

Grove VII. Rachis of leaves not flagelliferous ; leaf-sheath fae tak
Spathes tubular, strictly sheathing. Spathellules not D
Fruiting calyx pedicelliform ; albumen deeply ruminate. Sp.

2 EE:
Grove: VIII. Rachis of leaf not flagelliferous ; leaf-sheath Deeg

Spathes strict, tubular; spathellules distinctly pedicelliform. Eigene

perianth pedicelliform. Seed with many plaits radiating from

to one face; embryo lateral Sp. 48.

-nerved,

Grour IX. Leaf-sheaths flagelliferous; leaflets broad, WM i

two terminal completely free with a very short interpose Fruiting-
Spathe strict, tubular ; spathellules of fem. fl. not pedicelliform.

. : : bryo
perianth subpedicelliform. Albumen superficially ruminate; em ry
basilar. Sp. 49.

iferous.
Gnovr X. Rachis of leaves flagelliferous ; leaf-sheath not B si onn.
Spathe elongate, tubular, narrow. Spathedlule of fem. fl. not p ;

` basilar
Fruiting calyx pedicelliform. Albumen ruminate or not, embryo
or lateral. Sp. 50-56,

iferous.
Grove XI. Rachis of leaves flagelliferous ; sheath not fige form.
Spathe narrow, elongate, tubular. Spathellules of fem. fl. not pe

: . embryo
Fruiting-perianth pedicellitorm or not. Albumen not ruminate; e
basilar. Bp. 57-63.

flagel-
Grour XII. Rachis of lower leaves or leaves of young plant nes. o :
liferous, of the adult plant or its upper leaves shortly flage yit ellules of
sheath flagelliferous. Spathes elongate, tubular, narrow; "haten,
fem. fl. not pedicelliform. Fruiting calyx distinctly pedice pryo basilar.
strongly dorsally alveolate, at least superficially ruminate? embry d

. es.
"i m large or in any case with not fewer than 3 primary nery
4-70,

. flagelli-

Group XIII. Leaves imparipinnate, subflagelliferous ; sheath fod and

ferous. Spadix contracted. Spathes tubular at the base, open © p ising.
auriculiform above; spathellules of fem. fl. not pedicelliform.

: centri.
perianth explanate. Albumen deeply ruminate; embryo basilar, ex
Sp. 71, 72.

Grovr I. See p. 437.

* Albumen ruminate, embryo basilar. t leaf-

1. C. erectus, Boch, Fl. Ind. iii. 774; stems tall stout DT midrib
lets concolorous subequidistant linear-lanceolate margine lower spathe
beneath remotely ciliolate, spines of petiole and rachis an ate ending
in half whorls flat straight pale, spadices branched elong

Calamus. | CLXIII, PALMEX. (Beccari & Hook. f.) 439

in a flagellum, spathels cymbiform acute, flowers } in. long. Mart.
Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 332; Griff. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 35;
Palms Brit. Ind. 43 ; Walp. Ann. ii. 438, v. 829; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.
Beng. xliii. ii. 909, t. 23, 94 (excl. longisetus); For. Fl. ii. 516. C. schiz-
ospathus, Griff /l. cc. 32 & 41, t. 187; Mart. Le 332; Walp. ll. cc. 482,
829; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xi. 7.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA, ASSAM, SILHET, CHITTAGONG, the KHasrA Hints, Muw-
NIPORE and Pr@u, ascending to 4000 ft. .

Stems densely tufted 12-18 ft. high, internodes 2-3 in. long, 1-14 in. diam.
Leaves 19.18 ft.; leaflets few, 11-2 ft. by 11-2 in., 1-nerved ; young petiole fur-
furaceous, spines on the full-grown petiole 4 in. and upwards. Spadices 1-2 ft. ;
spikes 6-10 in. by $ in. across the imbricating coriaceous spathels. Calyw acutely
3-toothed ; corolla thrice as long. „Stamen free, filaments broad, erect. Fruit about
1 in, long, ovoid-oblong, subtended by the spreading perianth; scales trapezoid,

k brown with a yellow base.

Var, B. COLLINA, Becc.; smaller, petiole with solitary or sparingly clustered
spines, spadices shorter often depauperate shortly peduncled, tip not or shortly
Cirrhiferous, fruit ellipsoid. C. collinus; Griff. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 31;
Palms Brit. Ind. 39 (excl. leaf), t. 186 (spadix only).—Khasia hills.

Var. y, MACROCARPA, Becc., fruits larger. C. macrocarpus, Griff. in Mart. l.c.
338, t. 176, f. x. Griff. Palms Brit. Ind. 10, t. 186, A. f.i. ii. Walp. ll. cc. 484,

Sikkim, Ze,

2. €. flagellum, Grif. in Mart, Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 333, t. 176, f. ix. ;
stem stout at length scandent, leaflets subopposite linear-lanceolate con-
coloroug margins and midrib beneath remotely setulose, petiole furfuraceous
rachis and peduncle of the spike and upper spathes armed with short
recurved spines, leaf-sheaths scurfy bearing a clawed flagellum armed
with long and short spines and bristles. Grif. Palme Brit. Ind. 48;
Walp. Ann. iii, 484, v. 830; Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xi. 8. C.
Jenkinsianus, Griff. l. c. 40, t. 186 A., f. iii. (not 89). PC. polygamus,
Roxb. FI. Ind. iii, 780,

gn Hiwanaya, Assam, SinnET, and the Kuasta HILLS, ascending to

Stem 1-1} in, diam eaves 6-7 ft.; leaflets 2-23 ft. by 1-1} in. broad, con-
Con petiole GC Spathes tubular, lowest 1}-2 ft., compressed, upper
li Spadiz 8-10 ft.; spikes 8-10 in., pendulous, unarmed; spathels very
e C. erectus, Flowers iin. long, decurved. Caly 3-fid to the middle. oro la
wice as long, Stamens free. Fruit 1 by $ in., ovoid-oblong, cuspidately benl ed,
qbtended by the spreading perianth; scales deeply furrowed, pale with a dark ban
own the middle,

** Albumen equable.

T Erect or scandent. No flagellum on leaf-sheath or spadix.

Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 93; Palms

3. €. arborescens, Grif. in Calc. rue

dE losel tulose
Widistant linear-lanceolate white beneath margins closely se ,
with beneath and sometimes above setose, petiole scurfy, armed
" Per or half whorls of long flat blac
Mart, HS, pendulous, spathels very short cl

ond üi. 113; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng, xhii.ii
* C hostilis, Hort, Cale.

440 CLXIIT. PALMEEX. (Beccari & Hook. f.) [ Calamus.

Dron: in marshy places, Griffith.

Stem 15-20 ft., dy in. A internodes 7 in., crown densely leafy. mm
5-6 ft., decurved leaflets 8-18 in. by 1-1} broad; petiole naked except ahve
usually very black spines j-2 in. long. Lower spathes with many! d Bio ée
short black spines; upper short, unarmed. ` Spadices longer than o ez d p
graceful; spikes 4-6 in. long by Ẹ in. across the flowers, which are nearly 3 Sange
curved. Calyx trifid to the middle. Petals oblong-lanceolate, acute.
shortly monadelphous.

4. C. castaneus, Grif. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 28; ae?
Brit. Ind. 37, t. 185 A, B,C; stem very short stout, leaves ver ,
leaflets very many equidistant linear 3-costate margins and D mme
remotely prickly, petiole very stout and short, sheaths ipi t fattened
unequal scattered solitary or 2-3-nate rather short straight s out ea saN
pale spines, spadices erect or nodding very stout nearly Nat. Palm. fii
decompound, spathels very short and broad. Mart. Hist. at.

331; Walp. Ann. iii. 482 ; v. 829; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 112. vu

MALACCA, Grifith, Maingay (Kew Distrib, 1533); PERAK at Gopung, n
Collector (5880). : -15 ft.;

Stem £ " with the sheaths 3-4 in. diam. Leaves with the petiole 12 whic
leaflets 12-24 by 1-24 in., very dark green, young scurfy beneath ; Weg enerally
as the little finger, rounded with a channelled upper surface. Spathes g
unarmed. Spadices 2-3 ft., male panicled, elongate flexuous, fem. uch large»
as broad as long, simply branched; spikes of male 2-3 in., of ds middle.
scorpioidly recurved, 4 in. broad. Male fl. iin. long. Calyx trifi F Wi 1 in. long,
Petals hardly longer. Stamens inflexed in bud. Fem, jl. larger. ked scales in
ellipsoid, embraced at the base by the erect perianth; strongly beaked,

24-26 rows, minute, dark brown.

"o lied
5. ©. Griffithianus, Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 332; closely $ the
to C. castaneus, and dwarf like it, in the leaflets spadices, &C« lobose
petioles are described as terete, and the fruits are larger p^ s 8 j
with fewer (18-20) rows of larger scales. Walp. Ann. 11. Cale Journ.
Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 112, C. castaneus (partly) Grif. in Cw
Nat. Hist. v. 29. C. castaneus, var. a Griff. Palms Brit. Ind. 38.

Maracca, Griffith. PERAK, King’s Collector (3040, 3048).
Probably only a form of castaneus.

; often
tt Scandent, stout. Leaf:sheath flagelliferous. Spadix long, d
flagelliform. Spikelets much flattened.

. aa. Palms
6. C. longisetus, Griff in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 36; Pate
Brit. Ind. 44, t. 189 A, B ; scandent or erect ? glabrous, leaflets e and be-
concolorous, lower fascicled 9-costate, margins and midrib above ‘ole an
neath and lateral nerves beneath setulose, terminal connate, Wer whorls
its sheath and lower spathes densely armed with whorls and h yrter ones;
of straight black flattened spines intermixed with scattered 8 A gpathe's
male spadices decompound nodding, upper spathes unarmed, ery stom
densely imbricate truncate, fruit ovoid-oblong narrowed into a 830. ij.
beak. Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 333; Walp. Ann. iii. 483; V- xliii. 3
Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 114. O. tigrinus, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.

211, t. xxiv. xxvi. ; For. Fl. ii. 519. aos, and
Prev, Hort. Bot. Cale., Grif. (Kew Distrib. 6392), McLelland; BORN®
the ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Kurz. . , Jeaflets 142

Stem upwards of 1 in, diam, Leaves 4-8 ft., rachis not flagelliferous ;

Calamus.] CLXHL PALMER. (Beccari & Hook. f.) 441

ft. by 1-2 in.; petiole and rachis pale, smooth, except for the spines; sheaths
very strongly armed. Male spadix slender, branched, fem. much stouter and
shorter. Lower spathes elongate, tubular, compressed, strongly armed, upper short,
lacerate; spathels densely imbricate, scurfy, truncate, often lacerate. Fruit 1 in.
stipitate by the erect perianth ; scales 4 in. long and broad, flat, thin, yellowish
with a very broad lunate brown band across the middle and fimbriate margins (the
whole fruit banded like a tiger-skin).—Griffith describes longisetus as erect, and
Kurz tigrinus as scandent.

7. C. Thwaitesii, Becc.; differs from C. longisetus in the rachis of
the petiole bearing very stout recurved claws with black tips, the upper
spathes bearing scattered spinescent tubercles, and in the smaller fruits
with fewer paler tumid scales erose or the margin channelled down the
centre and with a narrow brown marginal band. C. longisetus, Thw.
Enum. 330 (not of Griff).

CEYLON ; in the Central Province, Thwaites. Canara, Ritchie, Talbot.
A Canara plant collected by Ritchie and Talbot, probably belongs here, the

fruit is exactly similar to that of the Ceylon plant.

ttt Scandent, slender. Leaf-sheaths flagelliferous. Spikelets short,
scorpioid,

8. C. leptospadix, Griff. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 49; Palms
Brit. Ind. 60, t. 194 A, B, C ; leaflets very many close-set narrowly linear
acuminate, margin and sometimes the 3 cost; beneath setulose or aculeo-
late, petiole terete and scurfy rachis with distant straight flattened
Spines and a few short claws at the base, sheath short scurfy sparingly
armed, spadices very long slender pendulous, with very many distichous
short recurved spines, lower spathes long slender densely armed with flat
thin spikes and minute recurved ones upper shorter unarmed, flowers small,
fruit small globose mucronate. Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 335, f.i;

alp. Ann, ii, 485; v. 483. T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xi. 8.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA, J. D. H., &c.; Kuasta Hiris, Grifith, &c.; MUNNIPORE
and Naga Hiris, Watt. : .
Stem slender, scandent. Leaves 3-4 ft.; leaflets 8-10 by 3-4 in., thin, pale
green ; rachis armed with simple recurved spines. Apathes very slender, tubular,
Spadices several feet long, branched, below and armed with hooked short spines,
ranches very long and slender, with 20-40 recurved spikelets 3-1 in. long, and ¢ in.
Jam, flagellum of spadix very long, armed with 1-3-fid recurved claws, Spathels
fupular, acute membranous. Male jl. à in. long; calyx 3-fid to the middle; petals
wice as long. Fruit } in. diam., subtended by the spreading perianth ; scales very
Small, broad, yellow with a red-brown margin.

t e c. rivalis, Thw. ex Trimen in Journ. Bot. xxiii. (1885), 268 ; (Err.
JP. nivalis); habit of C. leptospadiz, leaflets numerous equidistant
lnear-lanceolate setulose on the margins and three costæ beneath, sheaths
Coptously armed with straight flat pale spines, rachis with recurved ones,

Spadices very ] ith short recurved spines and ter-

: y long slender armed with shor
Ininated þ i short distant recurved,
Y a clawed flagellum, spikes very many fruit small ovoid

ewer Spathes or all armed with very short prickles,
aked. C, rudentum, Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 340 (non Lour.).
CEYLON; Walker, &
aves about 3 ft long, leaflets 12-18 by 3-3 in., broader and more coriaceous than

` longisetus; rachis scurfy. Spathels very obliquely cup-shaped, coriaceous.
Male A crowded, calyx trifid to the middle. Petals and stamens stipitate. Fem. fl.

442 CLXIII. PALMEX. (Beccari & Hook. f.) [ Calamus.

larger, less crowded. Fruit à in. long, subtended by ihe spreading perianth ;
scales broader than long, pale yellow, not channelled, narrowly bordered with red-
brown.

Grovur II. See p. 437.

10. C. pachystemonus, Tiw. Enum. 431 (in part.); stem slender
scandent, leaves pinnately 4-7-foliolate, leaflets elliptic acute or acumina
3-5-costate, margins and costæ beneath setulose, petiole short and e
armed with solitary stout recurved spines, sheath striate sparing!y
tubercled and armed with flat pale spines, ochrea very short tries
spadices very slender elongate decompound, spikes very many recurv
male corolla slender.

CEYLON; Walker; near Galle, Thwaites. 2. :

The greater part of Thwaites C. pachystemonus including the fruiting D
are C. digitatus, which differs in the longer petioles, few terminal longer oblanceo
leaflets and smaller curved male flowers.

11. C. digitatus, Bece. mss.; leaflets digitately 2—4-foliolate oblancedlate
cuspidately acuminate 3-5-costate, petiole slender, sheath armed with Fi
strong straight flat spines and conical short ones, ochrea ligulate, spacic?
very slender elongate decompound, spikes very many recurved, male coro

slender, fruit small globose. C. gracilis, Tiwaites Enum. 330 (not 4
oxb.).

CEYLON; in the southern parts of the island, Thwaites (O. P. 2334 ie part
Stems very slender, scandent. Leaflets at the end of the short petiole, 8-12 by i
in., concolorous, many-nerved ; petiole 6-8 in., unarmed or with a few sm
curved spines and small prickles; sheath copiously armed. Spadices 3- 2s
branched below, male spikes j in., fem. 1-2 in. Lower spathe elongate, cylin f

i in. long; corolla very narrow, curved, twice as long as the calyx. st ne Zei
_ seriate, filaments thickened upwards, Fruit j in. diam., subtended by the spree
perianth ; scales pale yellow, very broad with narrow brown margins.

12. C. radiatus, Thw. Enum. 431; leaflets 6-7 subradiately dispose
at the apex of a shortly spinous petiole linear acuminate, sheath den ong
armed with short straight spines and long bristles, spadices very

slender branched armed with small recurved spines, spikes many eho
recurved.

CEYLON ; in the southern parts of the island. Walker, Thwaites. ` th and

Stems very slender, scandent. Leaflets 8-12 by 2-1 in., thin, midrib rere rt re-
margins quite without bristles or spines; petiole 2-3 in. with scattered E long,
curved spines. Spathes few, very long and slender. Peđuncle of spadix 2-3 d, n0
as slender as a sparrow-quill; spikes j-2 in. long; spathels cup-shape A
densely imbricate, deeply striate. Fruit } in. diam., globose, shortly beaked ;

broader than long, triangular, pale yellow with a narrow brown entire border.

Group III. See p. 437.

" : ogllia
; * Fruiting calyx hardly callous below, indistinctly or not pedice
orm.

T Leaflets few broad ; terminal large, often connate at the base.

13. C. javensis, Blume Rumph. ii. 187, iii. 62, var. PENINSULARIS, PR
me, leaflets 3-6 inequidistant elliptic or oblong-lanceolate if

Calamus.] CLXIII. PALMER. (Beccari & Hook. f.) 443

basal pair reflexed on the sheath, petiole very short and rachis armed with
Short, scattered recurved spines, sheath with short straight spines, spadix
very long slender, fruit small subglobosely ovoid shortly beaked, scales
m 17-18 series. ?C. penicillatus, Roch, Fl. Ind. iii. 781.

Penang and the MALAY PENINSULA; Perak, alt. 300-3500 ft., King’s Collector
(1996 9 , 2673 (7). .

Stem 10-25 ft., with the leaf-sheaths as thick as the little finger, scandent.
Lewes 13-2 ft. ; leaflets 8-10 by 14-23 in., often opposite, the upper pair free or
confluent, margins and costze beneath quite smooth ; sheaths and their short spines

€. Spadices very long and slender and long slender spathes armed with small
200 ed spines ; spikes 2-3 in., slender, + in. across the flowers; spathels densely
imbricate, shallow, acute, striate and subscabrid ; flowers 3 in. long. Calyz 3-fid to
the middle, Corolla not striate; segments narrow. Scales in 12-18 series.—

‘Javensis is, as its name implies, a Javan species.

Subvar, polyphyllus, Becc. ; as above, but leaflets 8-12 subequidistant, basal
refered or spreading.— Perak, summit of Gunong Tambang Betall, Scortechini
(657^) ; King's Collector (6312). . .

ubvar, intermedius, Becc.; as above, but more slender, and with fewer inequi-
nt leaflets, Perak, Scortechint (236).

Subvar. tenuissimus, Becc.; very slender, leaflets fewer (3-4) remote longer,
Petiole longer, fruit elliptic-obovoid moderately beaked, scales more than 15-seriate.
—Perak, summit of Gunong Tambang Batok, Scortechini (648).
ubvar, ? purpurascens, Becc.; like the type, but leaflets few large basal much
c Sheath moderately spiny.— Penang, Curtis. Perak, King’s Collector

Rubrar. ? penangiana, Becc. ; as in purpurascens, but sheath with strong spines,
_~ ang.

H. c. filipendulus, Becc. mss.
Pera 3 Scortechini, 232b; King's Collector (5659, 5773, 8019). . .
D have seen no specimens of this species, and fail to draw up a diagnosis of it as
3 ‘nguished from C. javensis, from Beccari’s notes, except as regards the fruit
al ich he describes as ovoid.conie about } in. long, gradually narrowed into a very
sder acute beak terminated by the recurved stigmas and with the scales in only

C Series, The terminal pair of leaflets are confluent, as they are sometimes in
* Javensis,

at d er many, narrowly ensiform ; upper distinct or hardly connate

15. c. rugosus, Bece. mss.; stem very slender, leaves long-petioled,

leaflets y i i
A lanceolate finely acuminate
3.00 ery many equidistant narrowly : v lender
State, upper pair quite free, petiole rachis and spadix ye hort

sed With few s i heath arme

i . cattered short recurved spines, shea 1
8pi E spines, spadices filiform, branches very distant with few slender
Pines, spathels scabrid.

Prax: S .
3 Scortechini. .
Stem with the sheaths } in. diam. Leaflets 7-8 by about 3 in., concolorous,

Setulose on i d he median beneath, petiole
5-7 in, sne margins and 3 costa above and only on the flat, others minute and

Seriate.” margins acute ; sheath gibbous above, larger spines

i id.—I have seen no
specimen. 7 ft 2 lower prickly, upper and spathels scabrid.—l hav

16. c. radulosus, Becc. mss.; stem slender, leaves sessile, leaflets very
Y narrowly ensiform equidistant concolorous, margins naked, 3-costate

444 Cem, PALMEX. (Beccari & Hook. f.) [ Calamus.

i igi i l alone sparsely
cost beneath armed with rigid bristles, the central a .
setulose above, rachis armed beneath and at the margins ms ies
hooked scattered spines, sheath densely armed with scatter

lower spathe densely armed upper and spathels finely scabrid, spadices very
long.

Perak ; Scortechini (468) ; Goping, King’s Collector (8171). . ;

A lofty climber ; Has arith the sheaths 1-1} in. diam. Leaves 2-24 f ; p»
leaflets 18 by 1 in., upper much shorter and shortly connate at e gege
spathe elongate-tubular, with short spines on the outer faces, uppe s very long,
scurfy with a lacerate mouth. Spadiw with the partial inflorescences vey Well
bearing many recurved spikelets. Fruit small, pisiform, t Ch leaflets, and
characterized by the armature of the sheath, the naked margins of the
the scabridity of a portion of the spadix.

T DBecc. 185.5
17. C. viminalis, Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. I. 203 ; var. FASCICULATUS, Sé
stem rather stout, leaflets many inequidistant or fascicled 3-costate, margin

D

Mart.
As. Soc. Beng. xliii. ii. 210, t. 27 B; For. Fl. ii. 517. C. extensus, tus).
1. c. iii, 210, Kd. 1, partly, t. 116, £. iv. 1 (reduced in Ed. 2 to fora to
C. Pseudo-Rotang, Mart. l. c. 209, Ed. 1, t. 116, £. vi. (reduce * Brit. Ind.
fasciculatus); Griff. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 42; Palms
53; Kunth Enum. iii. 207.— Wall. Cat. 8608, 8611.

A, the

Lower BENGAL, Orissa, and the CARNATIC, CHITTAGONG, Behe type
ANDAMAN ISLANDS and Penance, Wail.—DisrRiB. Cochin China. (
Malay Islands.) 4-10 by

A stout scrambling and climbing species. Leaves 2-3 D: leaflets sort an
3-4 in., pale green, young and rachis and sheath white-floccose, pe ed athe
rachis very stout, spines slender 3-1} in. long, pale hardly P See? Spadi?
coriaceous, mouth obliquely truncate; flagelli with hooked 2-3-fi Chels) ibd
and its spreading branches rather stout, internodes (and truncate spa middle.
Fruit 4-4 in. diam. ; scales pale yellow, obscurely channelled down the

em-

18. ©. concinnus, Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 332; erect OF Tassy

less ?, leaflets many subequidistant linear-lanceolate acumina d spadix

. ines,

rusty tomentose sparingly armed with short stout straight deflexed spines,

spadix stout decompound, spathes loose coriaceous armed with 5 ruit small

ong acuminate, spathels annular, 899; Grif.

globose beaked. Kunth Enum. iii. 207 ; Walp. Ann. iii. 483, v. Journ. j
m Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 49 ; Palms Brit. Ind. 59; Kurz ™

s.. +s

5).
TENASSERIM, Wallich ; at Mergui, Helfer (Kew distrib. 6388, 6394, 639 ) both

i on
Leaflets in the only specimens I have seen 10-18 by l-l}, very shining
surfaces. Fruit } in. diam.

. . Palms
19. C. floribundus, Grif. in Calc. Journ. Nat, Hist. v. ss P

Calamus.] OLXIII, PALMEZ. (Beccari & Hook. f.) 445

Brit. 1nd. 66, t. 197 ; leaflets few inequidistant linear-lanceolate acuminate
uppermost crowded at the end of the rachis and often connate, margins
and coste beneath setulose, petiole lower spathe and rachis armed with
very short stout and long scattered flattened pale spines, sheath densely
armed with needle-like sete and Spines, spadix elongate decompound,
internodes sheathed by truncate ciliate spathels, spikes short spreading
and recurved, lower spathe very long keeled, fruit globose shortly beaked.
Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iti. 337; Walp. Ann. iii. 487, v. 831. C. mish-
mensis, Grif. U. ec. 55 and 65; Mart. L c., Walp. Ann. Ul. ce. QC.
multiflorus, Mart.— Wall. Cat. n. 8613.

D e SıLHET and the KnHasra Hrtts, Wallich, Ze, MismMwi HILLS,
, Stem as thick as the middle finger. Leaflets bright green, 10-18 by 1-1} in.;
spines of rachis 3 1 in. long, rather flattened and deflexed. Lower spathe 18 in., .
Corlaceous, terete, mouth very oblique. Spathels acuminate, and flowers almost
floccose with long white hairs, striate. Flagelli with short or long simple or com-
Pound recurved claws and spines. Fruit 4 in. diam.; scales very pale yellow,

channelled down the back.

20. C. pseudo-tenuis, Bece. mss. ; leaflets many equidistant linear-
lanceolate minutely setulose on the margins setose or not on the 3 costae
neath, rachis (young brown scurfy) armed with strong flattened straight
and short recurved spines, sheath densely armed with flattened spreading
pale spines, Spadix very long decompound, spikelets very short decurved,
male flowers and spathellules minute quite glabrous, fruit small ovoid
Strongly beaked. C. tenuis, Thw. Enum. 330 (not of Rozb.).

CEYLON; in the hotter parts of the island. Dgccan PENINSULA; on the

ESTERN Guats; from Canara southwards.

Stem slender. Leaflets 10-18 by $-$ in. upper free; rachis rather stout;
Petiole short; sheath i in. diam. Spathes flattened, lower 2-edged; spathels
elongate, Spadix 2-3 ft., branches 6-10 in.; spikes of male fl. very short, of fruits

m. Male fl, yl; in. long, shining, not striate. Fruit 3 in. diam. ; scales rounded,
Pale with broad brown margins.— Readily distinguished from viminalis by the equi-

‘ant leaflets, glabrous spathellules, and ovoid fruit.—A plant collected by Talbot
hear the seashore at Marmagoa, Bombay, seems a very different plant, has black
tipped claws on the rachis of the leaf and spadix and flagellum, and curved male
flowers } in, long.—J. D. H.

21. €. densiflorus, Bece. mss.; leaves very shortly petioled, leaflets
many equidistant linear-ensiform finely acuminate concolorous upper
Stadually smaller terminal very short margins setulose coste 3 all
*PInulose above and sparsely setulose on the middle one only beneath,
Sheath strongly armed with pale flat horizontal spines, spadix very long,
spikes elongate dense-fld., spathels and spathellules scabridly pubescent,

ut small beaked ovoid.

PERAK ; at Thaipi zing’s Collector (8434, 5527).

13- s scandent, Lean po ger) the lector (S Leaflets rigidulous, larger
l4 by about i in.; sheath with a long stout clawed flagellum, gibbous above,

mouth truncate ; rachis armed with strong claws. Spadix 5 ft., stout, clawed.
abrous truncate. Spikes

ver spathe strictly sheathing, prickly ; upper unarmed gl 1 :
` "3 10. : spathels “and spathellules Very short, striate. Fruit immature, with a
ey Pedicelliform perianth, about } in. diam ; scales scarcely channelled, pale
"ined with brown,—I have seen no specimens, J. D. H.

22. e. luridus, Becc. mss. ; leaflets rather numerous equidistant remote

446 OLXII. PALMEZ. (Beccari & Hook. f.) [Calamus.

elongate ensiform acuminate with 3 strong coste beneath, terminal pair
shortly adnate below, margins and coste beneath more or less setalose,
sheath closely armed with long flat horizontal unequal spines, spadix very
long ending in a flagellum paniculately branched, lower spathes tuboi
strictly sheathing spiny on the outer side, upper smooth striate, frui
globosely ovoid.

PERAK, summit of Gunong, Scortechini; Malacca and Larut, King’s Collector
(2647, 6284, 6400, 7203). . . :

Stem slender, ’ scandent. Leaflets 14-16 by 1} in.; petiole 4-6 in. eeng
8-12 in.; spikelets 14-2} in. Calyx tube short, corolla rather longer. 1 4
perianth very shortly pedicelliform, strongly striate.—I have seen no specimens.
J. D. H.

23. C. delicatulus, Thw. Enum. 330, 431; leaflets very many Se?
distant linear-lanceolate finely acuminate margins and 3 coste sels 1
petiole very short shortly spiny, rachis brown-scurfy when young pode
sheath densely armed with short and long slender black flattened P inte
male spadix very long filitorm decompound, spathes unarmed long-et
at the tip, spikes very slender, flowers rather distant very minute.

CEYLON ; at Galle and Hinidoon Pattoo, Thwaites. ller, tips

Leaves 2-8 ft. Leaflets 8-10 by + in., concolorous, shining, upper sma ee j
filiform; flagellum very long, slender, clawed. Fruit about 4 in. diam., eran us
with a very narrow brown border.— Very near C. Helferianus, but the leaflets
not aggregate, the spikelets more slender, and flowers smaller.

24. C. Helferianus, Kurz. in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xliii. 11. 213; m
Fl. 521; leaflets many scattered inequidistant in series of 2-8 on SS de
narrowly linear finely acuminate 3-costate margins and lateral coste à Ke
and median beneath setulose, rachis slender 3-gonous armed wit erg
scattered recurved spines, spadix long very slender compound gla ory
spathes narrow tubular compressed and truncate partial sparingly 5 de
spiny or unarmed, spikes 13-3 in., male spathellules very short crow
fem. more remote, corolla twice as long as the stamens not striate.

TENASSERIX (or the Andaman Islands), Helfer (6389 3, 6392 2).

Sparingly armed. Stem slender, scandent. Leaves without flagel k: rach
8-12 by $-$ in., concolorous, uppermost quite free, costæ 3—5 strong beneat ot seen.
with naked intervals sometimes 4 in. long, on one or both sides ; sheath ` imp 8,
Spadix several feet long, flexuous, as thick as a sparrow-quill ; upper spike com
lower panicled, males shortest and more slender. Lower spathe long, narrows long.
pressed, with a short erect limb and short spines on the keels, partial 14-1 in. ton
Spathellules of male fl. very short and crowded, of fem. + in. long. Male fe
Jong, calyx 3-fid. Fruit unknown.

leaflets
his

25. C. nicobaricus, Becc.; leaflets very many equidistant linea"
ensiform long-acuminate sparsely setose on the median costa only d with
surfaces lateral cost: slender naked, petiole channelled above IT, very
long straight marginal spines and short claws on the back, shea g an
pale at first scurfy densely armed with very unequal long fat spine
short claws.

NICOBAR ISLANDS, E. H. Man. ts 7-88

A very slender species, with varnished internodes 1—i in. diam. Leaft edingly
by about iin. shiniug above. Spadiz and fruit unknown. Flagelli exc?
slender.—A ppears to be allied to C. delicatulus, from which it is distingu’ jmen.
bx ran being setose only on the median costa.—I have seen 2° ,

Calamus.] CLXIII, PALMES. (Beccari & Hook. f.) 447

** Fruiting perianth distinctly pedicelliform.

26. C. tenuis, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 780; leaflets very many equidistant
uppermost gradually smaller linear-lanceolate acuminate 3 cost all setose
above, the median only below, petiole short margined with straight
spines and rachis armed with one row of short recurved spines,
sheaths flagelliferous sparingly armed with short flat spines, spadix very
ong decompound flagelliferous, spathes elongate tubular lower with a
short limb and scattered recurved spines, partial short unarmed young
scurfy, spathellules densely crowded cymbiform, flowers very small, fruit
subglobose, Kunth Enum. iii. 211; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. (Ed. 1,
212), 335 ; Grif. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 46; Palms Brit. Ind. 57, t.
193 A, B,C; alp. Ann. ii. 485, v. 830; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 118;
Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlii. ii. 212, t. 31 B; For. Fl. ii. 520. C.
Royleanus, Griff. ll. cc. 40 and 53, t. 191; Mart. Le 335; Walp. ll. cc.
485 and 830. Č. amarus, Lour. i. 210. C. Heliotropium, Herb. Ham. ;

TROPICAL HIMALAYA, from Kumaon eastwards, BENGAL, AssAM, SILHET,
HITTAGONG and BURMA.—DISTRIB. Cochin.
tems very long, scandent ; internodes not thicker than a goose-quill. Leaves
1-2 ft. ; leaflets approximate, lower 8-12 by 3-3 in., margins minutely setulose or
spinulose, bristles on costs lin.; petiole pale, stout; spines with broad laterally
compressed conical bases; flagelli filiform. Lower spathes 6-10 in. by nearly $ in.diam.,
nppe r shortly scurfy. Lower spikes panicled, 15-4 in. long. Male fl. j; in. long,
not distichous and spreading but secund in 3-4 series, imbricating, suberect. Fruit
,I. diam., mucronate ; Scales pale with a shallow median channel and very narrow

loured margins,

à 27. C. diffusus, Becc. mss. ; leaflets many equidistant rigidulous upper
Shorter narrowly linear-lanceolate very long-acuminate margins naked
slightly thickened, cost; 3 setose above the median spinulose beneath,
rachis armed throughout with half whorls of hooked spines or 3-fid claws,
male spadix diffusely supra-decompound, branches of partial infi. spirally
mserted, lower spathe tubular green smooth coriaceous armed with hooked
Spines on the outer surface, upper tubular-infundibular unarmed, spathels
xi broad, flowers rather distant, calyx campanulate striate, corolla twice
ng

SINGAPORE; Lobb,

Caves apparently 2-3 ft.; leaflets 10-12 by 4-3 in. Male spikelets 1-2 in.;
aech crowded, distichous, &-i in. long; spathellules and calyx strongly ribbed ;
rolla twice as long as the calyx, not striate.—Fem. fl. and fruit unknown, position

ence uncertain,

Du c. Rotang, Linn. Sp. Pl. Ed. 1, 325; Ed. 2, 463 (the Ceylon
H only); leaflets many equidistant linear-ensiform rarely subaggregate
bee sma ‘er, margins spinulose, petiole very short or 0, rachis armed
tih With short stout uniseriate claws, sheath armed with short
8 meet Conical based scattered spines, male spadix slender decompound,
ee 4-1 in. recurved, spathellules short, flowers crowded, corolla
g py striate, fem. spikelets much stouter and longer, flowers distant, fruit
t Gm Very pale. Win. Sp. Pl. iii. 202 (excl. Syn. Lour.); Lamk. Ill.
Pitta, fl; Schult. f. Syst. Veg. vii. ii. 1322 (excl. all cit. but Linn. &
Kunth Rogb. Fi. Ind. iii. 777 ; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. ii. 334, t. 116, £.8;
Enum. iii, 207 ; Blume Rumph. iii. 33; Walp. Ann. iii. 484, v. 830;

448 OLXII PALMEEX. (Beccari & Hook. f.) [ Calamus.

Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 117. C. Roxburghii, Griff in Cale. Journ, Nat.
Hist. v. 43; Palms Brit. Ind. 55, t. 195 A (under fasciculatus) (and t. 112
P monoicus, Roxb.); hw. Enum. 330. C. monoicus, Rogb. Fl. Ind. ii.
783; Mart. l. c. (209, Ed. 1) 334 (exel. descr.) Wall. Cat. n. 8604P; Grif.
ll. cc. 48 and 58; Kunth l. c. 208; Walp. il. cc. 484 and 830. C. scipionum,
Lam. (in part) Encycl. vi. 304 ((excl. Syn. Lour. & Rheede).

The DEccAN PENINSULA and CEYLON. . edi

Stem scandent, very slender. Leaves 2-3 ft.; leaflets 8-10 by 4-3 m, m a
costa unarmed on both surfaces or armed beneath only, lateral unarmed on "
surfaces ; in Madras specimens there is often a strong solitary spine above the tally
of the leaflet on the midrib beneath; sheath in Madras specimens with horizontally
flattened spines. Spadiz and its slender tubular spathes unarmed oF ed
so. Male fl. biseriate, but not distichous, densely crowded, }—} in. long ; ipee id
acuminate. Fruit 2—4 in. diam.; scales with an obscure sometimes discolou
channel, margins not or faintly narrowly discoloured.

29. C. Brandisii, Becc. mss.; stem slender, leaflets few fascicled at
late ensiform naked beneath sparsely setose above on the 3 costz, petio t
slender with few very long slender straight spines, rachis with long petes
solitary straight and recurved spines, sheath armed with solitary or agg"
gate slender flattened straight spines mouth with very long seele hatt?
spinules, male spadix elongate shortly flagelliferous with few partial ini
rescences, spathes narrow tubular upper funnel-shaped unarmed embracing
the bases of the spikelets, flowers 4-seriate in bud.

TRAVANCORE; at Courtallam, alt. 3-5000 ft., Brandis. w tole

I have seen no specimen of this species, which appears from a photogeep leaf-
remarkable for the long straight very slender spicules at the mouth of the
sheath.—J. D. H.

_ 90. C. Feanus, Bece. mss. ; stem scandent, leaflets few remote e
distant elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceolate 7-9-costate, petiole very sho deeg
rachis armed with short hooked spines, sheath flagelliferous bora
green marbled with black scurfy spots strongly armed with scatters ian
spreading or deflexed and short stout reflexed spines, male spadix e
pound erect rigid with 7 partial inflorescences, lower spathe ta r
2-keeled mouth compressed keels armed with short stout spines uppe
truncate obliquely, spikelets recurved, fruit broadly ovoid.

TENASSERIM ; alt. 3-5000 ft., L. Fea. ft. 3 in.
Stem scandent ; internodes 3-1 in. diam. Leaves rather short, about 3 8-12 by
Jong ; sheath 3-2 in. ; ochrea very short, truncate; leaflets 6-8, the larger
2-23 in., terminal free. Male spadix 1j in. Fruit about } in. by + dam are
conical acute; scales about 15-seriate, not channelled on the back, where d dLeplY
opaque and as if pulverulent with a broad rather discoloured band. led scales
Ke, Zen acanthospathus, but very distinct by the opaque not channel!
o le fruit.

. 39;
3l. C. acanthospathus, Grif. in Cale. Journ, Nat. Hist. V...
Palms Brit. Ind. 50, t. 190 B Texel A, f. 1); leaflets few large inequity
tant elliptic-lanceolate strongly 5-7-costate usually unarme od with
surfaces, rachis and long petiole very stout scurfy an am armed
2-3 series of very stout recurved spines, sheath stout densely adices
with long flattened and short stout straight or recurved spines; g ines
very stout flagelliferous, peduncle armed with unequal subu/8.
lower spathe very stout tubular compressed with a lanceolate bm, aa
armed with conical based spines, upper spathes clavate unarme%

Calamus.] CLXHI PALMEX, (Beccari & Hook. f.) 449

inflorescence sheathed un to the spikelets, fruit obovoid or globose shortly

beaked brown. Mart. Hist Nut. Palm. iii. 333, t. 176, f. vi.; Walp. Aun.
in, 484, v. 830. C. montanus, Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xi. 9.

EASTERN NEPAL, SIKKIM and BHorAN HIMALAYA, ascending to 6000 ft.,
J. D. H., te KHasIA HILLS, alt. 2-4090 ft., Griffith, Ze,

Stem slender, scandent, as thick as a swan’s quill. Leaves 2-3 ft.; leaflets
19-16 by 2-3 in., margins naked or spinulose, both surfaces quite naked or very
rarely with a few small spines on the costæ of the upper surface ; flagellum of the
sheath 10-12 ft. Spadix 4-6 ft., erect, armed with short recurved spines ; branches
of fruiting spadix very stout; spikes 1-4 in., strongly recurved. Lower spathe 1 ft.,
seurfy, as thick as the thumb; uppermost glabrous. Fruit 2 in. diam., pericarp
thin; scales chesnut brown, obscurely channelled, shining; fruiting calyx large,
cupalar, à in. diam., lobes very short. Seed deeply pitted.

GrovrIV. See p. 437.

82. €. Guruba, Ham. in Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 206 and 330,
t. 175, f. l; leaflets alternate equidistant narrowly linear, margins
and 3 costæ above setose midrib usually alone setose beneath, long
slender petiole and rachis armed with long brown recurved and short
conical spines below and on the margins, sheaths flagelliferous covered
mth long flattened spines and crowded smaller ones, spathes glabrous
tube of lower compressed margins with long spines back with short ones,
limb recurved, upper spathes nearly unarmed, male spadix elongate very
slender A pound, spikes spreading very slender, spathellules very
ET flowers distichous pointing forwards, fruit pisiform apiculate.
Gng. ^ Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 42; Palms Brit. Ind. 54; Kunth
559 Hi. 210; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlii. ii, 214; For. Fl. ii.
Gei C. Mastersianus, Grif. Il. cc. 76 and 84. t. 206. Demonorops
ü Vi: Mart. l e. 380; Walp. ll. cc. 479 and 828; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.

Besear, Assam, the Kniet Hits, SILHET, CHITTAGONG and BURMA.
all, scandent, stem without the sheaths very slender, Leaves 5-6 ft.; leaflets
With (e? in., Upper smaller free, sometimes quite naked on both surfaces ; sheath
lon ` long memb:anous lacerate ligule. Spathes with terete tubular bases an
LM thinly coriaceous obtuse brown laminæ, of the lower 12-18 long by A à
lules flagellum very stout and stoutly armed. Male spikes 2-3 in., flexuous ; spathel-
l very small membranous cups. Flowers i in. long, calyx striate ; corolla twice
ong, polished, Pruit iin. diam., abruptly beaked ; scales very pale, obscurely
elled, margin brown.

ui. C. nitidus, Mart, Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 334; leaflets equidistant
A Done Close set linear-lanceolate acuminate shining margins thickened,
comp, Setulose on both surfaces or on the upper only, rachis with simple or
glo nd recurved spines, spadices decompound, spathes glabrous, fmit
Gei : Scales brown in the middle 17-18-seriate. Kunth Enum. in.
i. i Cale, Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 49; Palms Brit. Ind. 59; Miq. Fl.
SC ii. 117; Walp. Ann. iii. 484; v. 8305 Wall. Cat. 8009.
e SERIN, Wallich distrib. (6390, 6396, 6398).
6-7 wéi near to and probably Lat tinct from os Guruba, but the leaflets are shorter
i d 11., and the flowers smaller, about Ae in. long.— The specimens are very

diet ae spathus, Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 210; leaflets few

[ np. i S
en ternate ensiform acuminate strongly 5-7 contato, "en

450 oan, PALMEX, (Beccari & Hook. f) [Calamus

costes almost unarmed, rachis armed with straight and recurved gien,
solitary and binate spines with swollen bases, sheath armed with N rg
set straight subulate spines, male spadix long very slender sparsely shortly
armed, inflorescences short subsessile paniculately branched, spikelets vey
short few-fld. upper spathes with very short sheaths and flat eo: e 5
laminæ, spathellules very short acute, corolla twice as long as t Tr dech
not striate. Griff. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 15; Palms Brit. 8610.
Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xl. 214. C. polyspathos, Wall. Ce. Tod.
Dsemonorops platyspathus, Mart. l. c. Ed. 2, 200, 929; Mig. P^. 17%
Bat. ii. 99; Walp. Ann. iii. 479, v. 828.

TENASSERIM, at Tavov, Gomez, ng pale

Leaflets 10-12 by 1-1} in., rigid, margins bristly towards the apex, you U per
softly scurfy beneath, margins thickened with obscure distant asperities. ua
spathes 3-4 by 1-2 in., flat. Inflorescences of male spadix as long as tbeir P inting
very compound ; spikelets 1—3 in. Flowers ṣọ in. long, pale, close-set, po
forwards. Calyx sharply toothed, striate. Fem. spadiz and fruit unknown.

35. C. paspalanthus, Becc. mss.; leaflets equidistant de gl v3
narrow finely acuminate 3-costate coste closely spinulose bene arm
remotely above, margins nearly smooth, petiole very long white scurly
below with flat appressed long and short spines, rachis brown lower
rounded beneath with short recurved single and trifid spine, erect
spathe very long tubular armed with short spires, male spadix n dee
decompound with erect branches and very short lacerate spathe gh os
erect very dense-fld., spathellules closely imbricating lunate very P
nerved, flowers minute.

PERAK ; at Goping, King’s Collector (577).— D1sTRIB. Borneo.

Leaves not flagelliferous ; leaflets 4-10 by 4 in., shining, strict;
2 ft., white, but covered with a fine brown scurf when young; sheath
Bradie quite unlike any other, from the upright branches and spikes, an Panicum;
short membranous spathels. Spikes 4—4 in., strict, like those of some ding hori*
spathellules very peculiar, flabellately nerved. Male fl. distichous, PFCorolla not
zontally, 3 in. long. Calye cupular, striate, broadly obtusely lobed. pave seen 0
twice as long; petals broadly elliptic, obtuse, obscurely striate.—I k by Lobb,
complete spathe. Described from Borneo specimens collected at Sarawa not seen).
which Beccari says are identical with those from Perak (which I have, spadit-
He adds that its affinities are uncertain, and it is perhaps allied to C. leptosp

“st. v. 195
36. C. ramosissimus, Grif. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. Y

. ‘form OF
Palms Brit. Ind. 87, t. 207; leaflets very large scattered perle "
long straight

wi
flat and many small spines, rachis very stout back rounded armed Za
broad short recurved solitary and 2-3-nate claws, male tet mentose,
decompound erect densely branched, peduncle very stout , kl coria-
branches and spikes erecto-patent, spathes very large blade thie dy ith
ceous lower with a spinous tube, upper open, fem. spadix furfurat gem oD
very stout simple spikes, spathellules of both sexes very short. Ind. Bat.
rops ramosissimus, Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm, iii. 330; Miq. ^^

petiole about
fla elliferous-
Hi dilacerate

(51°, 1235);

n, gom
leaflets 18-24 by 13-2 in., 7-13-costate, almost plicate ; rachis As thick as V + of

Calamus.) CLXIM, PALMEX. (Beccari & Hook. f.) 451

Tescences of male spadix 10-12 by 3-4 in., furfuraceous; peduncle as thick as the
little finger, compressed ` branches fastigiate, strict, suberect; spikes distichous,
1-1j in.; spathellules very shallow; flowers close-set, pointing forwards, } in. long,
Calyz shortly tubular, obliquely acutely trifid, striate. Corolla twice as long, smooth.
Fem. spadia sessile ; spikes 13-23 in., brown scurfy, } in. diam. Fruit (young)
globose with a very stout beak ; scales all brown — Described from a Perak specimen,
ri spadix of which does not resemble the slender lax flowered one of Griffith’s

37. C. perakensis, Becc. mss. ; stem erect very short, leaves terminal,

leaflets very numerous equidistant strictly ensiform acutely 3-costate
above spinulose on 3 coste above and only on the median beneath, petiole
ong armed with long stout horizontal marginal spines, male and fem.
Spadices subsimilar strict erect more or less sprinkled with white cottony
tomentum, spathes unarmed much compressed shorter than their respec-
tive partial inflorescences, fem. spadix not very decompouud, flowers
cylindric.

PERAK, Scortechini (317v). . `

The above description is from Beccari's notes, who adds that it is a very distinct
species, somewhat allied to C. ramosissimus.—l have seen no specimen. J.D.H.

. 38. C. hypoleucus, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 523; leaflets alternately and
interruptedly approximate by twos on each side oblong-lanceolate acumi-
hate ciliate towards the apex white beneath many-costate, petiole short
armed with long and short conical straight and recurved spines, rachis
with scattered recurved spines, sheaths densely spiny with unequal spines

m. long and less, fem. spadix small short, peduncle slender spinous,
Spatheg oblong-lanceolate, spathels tubular small distant, flowers dis-
Ichous, calyx z4 in. shortly 3-lobed, corolla twice as long segments acute.

®monorops hypoleucus, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xliii. ii. 208
nem), t. xviii. (excl. t. xix.).
URMA; on Thoun is.

Stem slender, scandent, e as a goose-quill without the sheaths. Leaves
23 ft., not flagelliferous ; sheaths flagelliferous ; leaflets 6-9 in. long. Fem. spadix
i in. long; peduncle about lin. Male fl. and fruit unknown.—Description from

urz. I have seen no specimen. J.D.H.

39. C. myrianthus, Bece. mss. ; leaflets very long narrowly elliptic-
lanceolate many-costate pale almost white beneath smooth on both sur-

s deolate, rachis dorsally rounded shortly spinous, male spadix very long
Slender Sparsely spinous, spathels tubular truncate, inflorescences laxly
sed wae branches very slender, spike 1-3
ca ellules minute, flowers minute pointing

YX acutely 3-lobed striate, corolla twice as lon
t aonorops hypoleucus, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xl

TENASSERIN : at Mergui, Helfer (Kew distrib. 6397). T
ef he only materials fos this refer usen by me are Helfer’s specimens, consisting
the VIE of the rachis of a leaf with two leaflets, and portions of a male spadix ;
~S leaflets are 30 by 2 in., very thin and pale beneath, with indistinct onth cfi it ‘of
Beccari has identified with it the plate xix. of Kurz's C. hypoleucus on the aith of
Me Specimen supposed to be of Kurz's plant communicated by Dr. Bran e ith
$ T€ represents much shorter and broader leaflets than those of Helfer 5p Helter ,
zm Ct bristles on the margins and cost# beneath.—There is no evidence of Helfer’s

belonging to this section. J.D.H.

Gg

452 CLXII. PALMEX. (Beccari & Hook. f.) [ Calamus.

Grovur V. See p. 437.

40. C. travancoricus, Beddome mss.; leaflets in distant opposite
groups of 3-5 narrowly oblanceolate acuminate thin, costz 3 very dere
naked above sparsely setulose beneath, rachis and petiole very slan
armed with small straight and recurved spines, sheath armed. with slender
straight flattened prickles, spadix long slender flagelliferous, inflorescenod
shorter than the membranous flat spathes, male decompound, fem. Wé
simple distichous spikes, upper spathes and spathels tubular obliques
truncate, spathellules short acute, calyx strongly striate, corolla estria
twice as long.—Rheede Hort. Mal. xii. t. 64.

Deccan PENINSULA; from Malabar to Travancore, Wight, Beddome. broadest

Stem very slender, scandent. Leaves 18-24 in.; leaflets 4-6 by i-$ m. x es
about or above the middle and thence tapering to a capillary point, saining a ge)
rachis scurfy when young; petiole 4—6 in., dorsally rounded, margins irr à
compressed towards the base and there chiefly spiny. Spadia flagelliferous, 2 ower
peduncle short, flattened, young white scurfy, margins shortly spiny. d into a
spathes tubular, compressed at the base, with shortly spinous angles, produce boat
long membranous sheathing lamina; upper with unarmed tubes. Inflorescences A at
2 in. long, males with spreading very slender branches bearing short flezuous A ther
capillary spikes of flowers } in. long; fem. with simple recurved spikes an ra
larger flowers.—Rheede’s tigure is very good for its time.

41. C. Rheedei, Grif. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 13; Pal med
Ind. 36, 83; leaflets in very distant groups of 3 on a long „rachis “iting
with scattered short recurved spines linear-lanceolate acuminate, frun rs
spadix with the flat open acute spathes longer than the ovoid dense ? Palm.
of ellipsoid or oblong fruit. Dsmonorops Rheedii, Mart. Hist. ele
iii, 330; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. ii. 100; Walp. Ann. iii. 479, v. 828.— ^^
Hort. Mal. xii. t. 65.

MALABAR, Rheede. eye

_ Of this species nothing is known beyond Rheede's rude plate, which is vere the
rior to that of C. travancoricus, from which it differs in the much longer $
leaflets being grouped in threes, one of each group apparently on one side 0 t
and 2 on the other; four leaflets terminate the rachis. ‘The fruits are repre jamus
$ in. long by à in. broad and very shortly beaked. Beccari thinks that a eede’s
ait sent from Malabar to Kew by Major Campbell exactly corresponds to

gure. `

Ims Brit.

GnouP VI. See p. 438.
ets many

42. C. Kuegelianus, Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 338; leafl argins
equidistant elongate ensiform acuminate strongly 3-costate, i«tlos on
smooth unarmed above beneath pale and with a very few long br stou
the lateral costæ, petiole stout young scurfy back rounded with vy e
short recurved spines, sheath armed with very stout scattered Lon tont
short spines, fem. spadix stout erect, spathes sparingly armed v stout,
claws narrowly tubular truncate, fruiting branches 6-10 1n. very lobose
spikes recurved, calvx pedicelled cupular with spreading lobes, abris alms
black shining. Walp. Ann. ii. 488, v. 831. €. Wightii, Gn Im. 9297.
Brit. Ind. 102, t. 216 C. C. melanolepis, H. Wendl. in Kerch. Fa"; i,
Demonorops melanolepis, Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm iii. 331, t p
942 under C. dioicus and tab. 116, f. xi. ; Walp. ll. cc. 481, and 825

- adu vata
Nirenuigi Ha: alt. 5-6000 ft., at Sisparah, Wight, &c.; at Nadu
Gamble. ,

Calamus.] CLXII. PALMER, (Beccari & Hook. f.) 453

, Apparently a stout scandent species. Leaflets 12-16 by 3-1 in., tips spinelosely

Date, margins below obscurely aculeolate, pale green, not shining, almost white
beneath, the very distant bristles on the lateral nerves beneath sometimes absent,
at others nearly 4 in. long; rachis and petiole pale. Fruit 2-$ in. diam., very
shortly beaked ; scales subacute, with fimbriate margins, not channelled; fruiting
calyx nearly 4 in. diam. ; petals acute.

43. C. Gamblei, Becc. mss.; leaflets as in C. Huegelianus, but with
shorter scattered bristles on the 3 costs of the lower surface and a few on
e upper, fruiting spikes of the spadix recurved, calyx cupular long-
pedicelied, lobes very short, fruit globose or broadly obovoid, scales pale
Jellow acute deeply chanuelled.
Nivenrri Hiis; Makurti forests, alt. 5000 ft., Gamble.
A very distinct species differing from Huegelianus by the longer leaflets, 2-23 ft.,
the more slender Spathellules, longer pedicel of the more campanulate calyx which
as shorter lobes, and by the pale fruit with deeply chaunelied scales,—A variety
With spherical fruit is mentioned by Beccari.

Daer VIL. See p. 438.

44. C. gracilis, Roxb. FI. Ind. iii. 781 (excl. Syn. Hort. Ma!.); leaflets
few in Opposite groups of 3-5 on each side of the slender rachis elliptic-
anceolate acuminate 3-7-costate, costes very slender more or less setose
above, petiole short and rachis and sheath armed with short hooked spines,
em. spadix elongate slender drooping flagelliferous spathes tubular
qeuminate sparingly spinous, upper unarmed, spathels not imbricate,
muting calyx sessile shortly cylindric, lobes very short, fruit oblong, scales
5; y Pale ripe channelled. ` Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii, 338; Kunth Enum.
p.39; Griff. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 54; Palms Brit Ind. 64, t. 196;
Co lp. Ann iii, 488, v. 831; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlii. ii. 212,

AC; For. Fl. ii. 520.
K The Knasra HILLS, ascending to 4000 ft.; UPPER Assam, Mann. CACHAR,
^ t CuirrAGONG, Kurz. .
5-7; ender, scandent ; naked stem not thicker than a quill. Leaves 2-3 ft. ; leaflets
petiole” margins obscurely bristly except at the tip where the bristles are long ;
ga © Very short and rachis fugaciously scurfy ; sheaths green, glabrou-. Spathes
el Clously brown-scurfy ; spathels unarmed. Corolla three times as long as the
be Fruit 3 in, long; scales straw-cold. with or without a narrow brown border ;
iting calyx pedicelliform. Seed wriukled.— Descript. chiefly from Kurz.

(in 45. €. melanacanthus, Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. ii. 333, t. 116, f. 13

Part) ; leaflets many equidistant membranous linear with capillary t'ps
rach? Upper much shorter, shortly setose or naked on the costw beneath,
wh 8 with a single row of short recurved black spines, sheath with sub-
sh Zei Spines, fem. spadix decompound ending iu a flagellum, spathes
wad Sparsely spinous upper nearly unarmed, fruiting calyx sessile cam-
chat? Pedicelliform, fruit ellipsoid shortly beaked, scales very pale
Nat. paed, embryo lateral. Kunth Enum. iii. 211; Griff. in Cale Journ.
n ut, v. 49; Palms Brit. Ind. 59; Walp. Ann. iii. 484, v. 830; Miq.
Beng t Bet. lii 119; Palm. Archip. Ind. 27; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.

m. 11. 215, t, xx. B.—Wail. Cat. 8606 B.

®NASSERIM . at Ch alli
apnedong, Wallich. . .. .
nak d'Dier, Leajlets 6-13 by 4 in., upper 2-3 in., shining, tip s
Reyish Coroila hardly longer than the (fruiting) calyx-lobes. Fruit i
Yellow with very narrow brown margins; lobes very short.

s sparsely bristly or
in. long,
Albumen

454 OLXIIL PALMEÆ. (Beccari & Hook. f.) [Calamus.

deeply ruminate; embryo in the middle of the side, a very unusual position in the

genus.—The specimens examined are of the portion of a leaf and of a fruiting
spadix.

46. C. Diepenhorstii, Mig. in Journ. Bot. Neerl. Ind. i. 21; P sn
Archip. Ind. 27 ; Fl. Ind. Bat. 594; leaflets very many equidistant ong
narrow finely acuminate 3-costate, costæ naked or very sparsely se ht
above, margins thickened smooth, petiole very long armed with s SE 5
scattered spines, rachis angular armed with one row above and two e "
of short recurved spines, sheath copiously armed with long flat s raig
deflexed black spines, spadices very long supradecompound, fruiting aT
very short sessile cupular, fruit obovoid shortly beaked, embryo ba
C. melanacanthus, Mart. (partim).— Wall. Cat. 8606 A.

PrwaxG, Wallich, Curtis (765). Perak; on Gunong Tambang, Ven?

alt. 500-2000 ft., Scortechini (6475). Larut and Gunong Malacca, King s vo
7201, 2552).— DISTRIB. Sumatra. :
Stem m ft., stout, scandent. Leaves 3-4 ft.; leaflets 18-20 by iA
straight, upper smaller; spines of sheath 1-2 in. long. Fruiting spadia . fruiting
slender. Fruit $ in. diam., orange-yellow when ripe (King's collector) 5 borde
calyx very short, sessile, lobes obscure; scales channelled, very narrow^y tiole and
with brown.—Very distinct from melanacanthus in the much stouter pe - long
rachis, long flat spines on the sheath, long leaflets with thickened margins, Very
fem. spadix, with very long branches, and basal embryo.

P47. C. singaporensis, Bece, mss.; leaflets many rather i
narrowly linear finely acuminate 3-costate, tips setose, margins dn ngle
on both surfaces unarmed or nearly so, upper part of rachis slender s e
with 1-2 rows of short recurved black spines, male spadix very , Aly
flagelliform decompound, spathes very slender tubular lower ke: an
spinous, upper ending in flat lamine uppermost with oblique mem flowers
mouths, spikes 1 in., spathellules densely imbricate short striate,
very young.

SINGAPORE; in the forest near the Bot. Garden, Murton. by an upper
Apparently a very slender species of doubtful position, known only by,

portion of a leaf and young male spadix. Leaflets 10-12 by 3-4 in. margins Dar
thickened.

Group VIII. See p. 488.

n

48. C. exilis, Grif. Palms Brit. Ind. 51 (axilis, 35); leaflets PT
equidistant narrow finely acuminate copiously setulose on the sa scu
costæ and often the intermediate nerves above and beneath, rac flat n
setose and armed with a single row of hooked spines, petiole long arm

2-edged with marginal straight slender spines, sheath scabrid an prid all

with short straight flattened spines, fem. spadix decompound p Hist.

over as are the spathes, fruit linear oblong sharply beaked. a

Nat. Palm. iii, 333, t. 176, £ 7; Walp. Ann. iii. 484, v. 830; Mig-
Bat. iii. 116.

ubong:
MALACCA; on Gunong Ladang, Fernandez. Prrax, Larut and "t. Herb.
alt. 4900 ft., Scortechini (657b), King’s Collector (2734, 6245, 8457) 10,79"
alc.). in., 010%
Stem 15-20 ft., ł in. diam. Leaves 3-3} ft.; leaflets 8-10 by 3-3 MY many
nervules strong; petiole scaberulous, with distant dorsal hooked spines 12-14 in»
marginal ; sheath with coarse matted hairs at the mouth. Lower spa weg bah
compressed and 2-edged with slender marginal spines below aud smaller 2 spine
mouth oblique, upper spathes 4-6 in., tubular, armed with small seat

Calamus.] CLXII PALMER. (Beccari & Hook. f.) 455

Branches of fem, spadix 6-8 in., coarsely scabrid, bearing short alternate few-fid.
spikes ; fruiting calyx peuicelled and pediceiliform, campanulate ; lobes as long as
the tube and as the petals. Fruit nearly 1 by § in. diam., dirty yellow; scales
margined with brown. Seed linear-oblong, transversely grooved; albumen not
Tuminate; embryo in the middle of the back.

Grour IX. See p. 438.

49. C. tomentosus, Bece. mss.; sheath, rachis and flagellum softly
almost flocculently white-tomentose, leaflets few distant or in distant pairs
elliptic acuminate coriaceous strongly nerved, margin crisped or waved.

Perax, Scortechini (431^) ; alt. 2500-3000 ft., King’s Collector (5332, 6993).

Stem 20-40 ft., 3-3 in. diam., light grey. Leaves 2-3 ft.; leaflets 8-14 by

in., base narrowed, green on both surfaces or yellowish beneath with brown stripes
above ; herves flabellate; sheath unarmed, ochrea annular very coriaceous, acute
posteriorly ; petiole short, very stout, subterete, armed with few distant 3-fid short
claws ; flagellum 8-10 ft., ending in a long filiform prickly tip, armed with strong
3-fid claws at about equal distances, towards the base the surface of the petiole is
granulate when dry, A portion of a flowerless and fruitless spadix is terete with
tubular spathes and bears distant spreading spikes 4 in. long, with rather distant
Coriaceous subcampanulate spathels—A remarkable plant of which the specimens
are very imperfect, The description of the stem and colour of the leaflet is from
notes by King's Collector; the rest from his specimens, oue of which (5332), with

Ai leaves is from Larut, “ within 300 ft.,” perhaps meant for 3000 (as iu

Grove X. See page 438.

90. ©. zeylanicus, Becc. mss.; leaflets many long equidistant ensi-
form Ong acuminate -—5-costate, margins minutely setulose or naked,
costae very 8paringly setose above naked beneath, rachis very stout, male
Spadix decompound, lower spathe acute armed with very short scattered
Prickles, upper striate smooth or sparsely aculeate, uppermost funnel-shaped
truncate, branches of male spadix 6-10 in. clothed with short broad im-
"cate spathels, spikelets very many distichous, spathellules extremely
short and densely imbricate, fem. spikes and spikelets much longer and
xer, fruit globose long-beaked. Ü. rudentum, Zhw. Enum, 330 (exel.
Wi) (non Lour.) ; Hance in Journ. Bot. 1874, 262.

Cxvrox, Walker; Suffragam district, Thwaites (CP. 2874). .

Very stout. a agam dies 4-5 ft. long; leaflets 13-2 ft. by 1-1} in.,
poth; rachis pale, finely scurfy, with short appressed marginal spines above an
dënn with 3-fid claws beneath ; flagellum very stout, with very broad claws
of “hate recurved black spines. ' Male spadi» with long spreading brauches
clothed with short spathels and bearing short broad flat spikelets 3-1 in. long and ¢

of most densely imbricate short, spatbellules and small flowers } in, long. Fem.

Padis; branch i ^. calyx sessile, very short, deeply 3-lobed ;
fruiti 5 anc es and Spikes much longer; calyx » v +3 jn. dian),
IL E Calyx sub-pedicelliform ; petals as long, both striare. ard globose ;

liu Yellow; scales deeply channeled, margins scarious pale.
men deeply ruminate, embryo lateral.

9l. €, latifo Ind. iii. 7751; leaflets few large scattered
or Znate elliptic er elliptic luacoolate 3-9-costate tips setose, margins
bes ate, costa naked on both surfaces, rachis flagelliferous very stout
ad Dr armed with scattered spines, sheath densely covered with very
e broad whorled spines and a few very large straight flat solitary ir
tled Ones, spadix decompound, spathes short subcompressed sparsely

456 CLXIII. PALMEÆ®. (Beccari & Hook. f.) [Calamus.

spinous mouth oblique, spathels short, male spikes densely imbricate, gere
calyx sessile, pedicelliform broadly campanulate lobes short, frui Au
globose pale. Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 339, t. 160, f. 5: Griff. is P
Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 60; Palms Brit. Ind. 68, t 198 (eal. fi E
Malab.); Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlii. ii. 210 (excl. t. 31 4 PRA
Fl. ii. 518 (partim). C. macracanthus et inermis, T. Anders. in .
Linn. Soc. xi. 10, 11 ; ? C. humilis, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 773.
From the Sikkim HIMALAYA and Assam, ascending to 2000 ft., to avery e
Stem stout, 1-2 ft., as thick as the thumb. Leaves with the flagellum 10- : i
leaflets 1-2 ft. by 1-23 in., upper sometimes flabellately clustered or connate mh ing
base; cross nervules very many and close; petiole short or long, weieen sooner
the leaflets only far up the flagellum ; base sometimes 2 in. broad, smoot A on aa
spines very various always scattered. Spadix very large; spathes and ) nearly
usually armed with scattered very short broad spines. Fruit (not quite ripe) el
1 in. long, rather narrower, pale dull yellow ; scales convex, deeply founde d on
shining, margin very narrowly scarious.— C. humilis, Roxb., is probably
a very young plant of C. latifolius with undeveloped flagella. .

52. C. Doriaei, Bece. mss.

Burma; on Mt. Karin, L. Fea. lied
Only a portion of a spadix with fruit known. It appears to be ne per
to C. latifolius, from which it is distinguished by the elongate fruit 3-1 by
I have seen no specimen. J.D.H.

w
53. C. simplex, Becc. mss.; leaves flagelliferous, leaflets I in
large elliptic 3-6-costate, spadix supra-axillary quite simple o E ele or
flagelliferous bearing at every primary spathe a solitary sımp ski pedi-
at most two from the lowest spathe, fruiting calyx callous 8 omy Zoch
celliform, fruit rather large broadly ovoid, seed globose, albume
ruminate, embryo subbasilar.

PERAK; on Gunong Tambang Batak., Scortechini (432).
Differs from all other known species in the few divisions of the s
seen no specimen. J.D.H.

padix.—I have

D 1 us,
54. C. caesius, Blume Rumph. iii. 57; leaves subsessile flagelliferous

uspt-
leaflets very inequidistant in distant fascicles of 5-7 oblanceolate ^ e
dately acuminate glaucous or farinose beneath acutely 4-costate and sU
setulose, margins setulose acute, rachis armed with solitary. aciously
whorled spines, sheath not flagelliferous very gibbous above iS us bases
scurfy armed with scattered long horizontal spines with broad ca jii

de n. ul.
and small acute tubercles. Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 340 ; Walp. Ze l

M. 499. Palm.
490, v. 832; Mig. Anal. Bot. Ind. i. 6; Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. E Walt
Archip. Ind. 28. O. glaucescens, Blume, l.c. 65; Mart. l.c. ,
ll. cc. 489, 830; Mig. ll. cc.

PERAK, Scortechini.—DistRis, Borneo. . 1 unknown.

A lofty climber. Leaves 2-3 ft. ; leaflets 12-14 by 2-23 in. Frut specimen.
Appears to be allied to C. melanoloma of Java. I have seen no SP
J.D.H. as

ro

55. C. axillaris, Becc. mss.; leaves shortly petioled, leaflets ptt
very inequidistant above oblanceolately ensiform, margins amor claws,
unarmed below armed above with scattered simple and kën rescences
spadix not flagelliferous elongate with several erect'partial in e y d,
spathes 1st and 2nd fugaciously scurfy unarmed or the lower scare

Calamus. ] CLXIII. PALMEX. (Beccari & Hook. f.) 457

spikelets short scorpioid, 3rd spathe infundibular, limb open truncate
margin fimbriate, spathels and spathellules striate margins ciliate, flowers
distichous, calyx finely striate.

PERAK, Scortechini,

Described from a single specimen which I have not seen. The fruit, and hence
the position of the species, is unknown. J.D. H.

i d c. pallidulus, Becc. mss. ; leaves subsessile, leaflets inequidistant
ardly fascicled ensiform acuminate, cost 3 unarmed on both surfaces,
Mud sparsely spinulose, rachis strongly armed with uniform short
armed 'pped 3-fid claws, sheath with scattered short straight spines, spathes
short] bes short stout scattered simple conical spines, fruit spherical
s y beaked pale, seed deeply pitted, albumen ruminate.
BRAK; at Thaiping, Wray (2392, 3017).
or se in. The Kei spathes Me naked with much dilated obliquely
muricate m e The fem. spikes 2-2} in., strongly recurved; spathels strongly
hardiy scarious b i ke diam., very pale; scales obscurely channelle!, margins
ves S, beak cylindric ; fruiting calyx pedicelliform. — Described from two
» à small portion of a sheath, a fragment of a spadix with ripe fruit.

GRovP XI. See p. 438.
* Ln D
Fruiting perianth not pedicelliform.

ay lenoideus, Thw. ex Trimen in Journ Bot. 1885, 269; leaves
margin thick ets equidistant broadly linear alternate 3-costate tip bristly,
margins " pred smooth, costz setose beneath, rachis fugaciously scurfy,
arm wih y back rounded with solitary hooked spines, sheath densely
armed with "eho of flat deflexed often lacerate black spines, lower spathes
stout recur Gier broad flat reflexed spines, fruiting spadix with very
beaked ved spikelets, fruiting perianth stellate, fruit obovoid strongly

C
Stem ov Saffragam district, Thwaites (CP. 3925).
10-14 by "dl Scandent. Leaves 14 ft. and more incluling the flagellum; leaflets
beaked, scalas o bright green above, duller beneath. Fruit §-3 in. long, strongly
Orange. es pale greyish yellow, strongly channelled, narrowly margined with
rown.—Described from Trimen 1. c.

t. A andamanicus, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xliii. ii. 211,
*ubulate.;' xxvi. ; For. Fl. ii. 519; leaflets alternate equidistant linear
and tachig en nate 3-costate, margins thickened and costæ setose, petiole
based Unas armed with stout recurved spines, petiole with blackish tuberous-
teriate wh mixed with long black spines, sheath red brown covered with
Pound n ane of capillary black and broad flat black spines, spadix decom-
and terna t ing, spathes subcompressed armed with strong reflexed solitary
With | ate spines, partial unarmed, fruit elliptic-ovoid acuminate, scales
ong fimbriate tips. `

An

Stem hax and Nicopar Isnanps, Kurz, Man.
by.) in yey scandent, as thick as the arm (with the sheathson). Leaflets 2-2} ft.
il, imi - Fruit distichous, uniformly brown, about j in. long; scales rhom-
longed in nish, bordered with chesnut-brown, rather flat, not furrowed, tips pro-
longer to a lanceolate pale brown opaque acute ciliolate membranous appendage,

above Caen SH itself. Seed semiconvex, grooved; albumen equable.—(The

458 OLXIIL PALMER, (Beccari & Hook. f.) [ Calamus.

59. C. palustris, Griff. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 62; pint’
Ind. 71, t. 199 ; leaves shortly petioled, leaflets alternate the me Zelt in
mate in pairs broadly elongate-lanceolate acuminate yi haig
3-costate and many-nerved, margins not thickened an 1 La ked spines
petiole with 1-2 rows of short very broad fascicled or simple hort black or
with swollen bases, sheath green sparingly armed with te "eme with
broad hooked spines, spathes tubular obliquely A rui ellipsoid-
recurved spines, spathels glabrous, fruiting perianth stel Véi Fl. Ind. Bat.
oblong, scales obtuse. Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. m. 339; Mig. WEN i.
ii. 131; Walp. Ann. iii. 490, v. 831. C. latifolius, Kurz Moti
Jvurn. As. Soc. Beng. xliii. ii. 210, t. 31 A; For. Fl. ii. 518 (partiy). s
TENASSERIM, Griffith. PERAK, Scortechini (50>), ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Si)
Man. : 1 eaves

Stem scandent, everywhere glabrous, with the sheaths on 2-3 in. dian is bie
8-12 ft.; leaflets 1-2 ft. by 3-5 in., rather thin, uniformly green. "peu,
fariously decompound, elongate, drooping. — Fruit about 4 in. long, d almost semi-
biconvex, hardly channelled, pale brown with a blackish border. Se
convex ; grooved and irregularly wrinkled.—( Descript. from Kurz.)

** Fruiting perianth more or less pedicelliform.

. "m , var.
60. C. unifarius, H Wendl. in Bot. Zeit. xvn. (1839) 158 ;
Pentong, Becc. mss.

NICOBAR Istanps. E. H. Man. ion of a spadix with the
The plant referred as above consists of a leaf and a portion having rather few
fruit wanting. C. unifarius is a Javan plant, described at leaflets ; the fruit
inequidistant lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate ncuminate 7-costa A deeply sinvately
is subglobose about ` A. in. diam., with channelled scales an D.H.
furrowed seeds with a basal embryo.—I have seen no specimen. d:

61. ©. neglectus, Becc. mss.

Matacca, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 6399 bis). rtion of &

This species ended in the flagelliferous apex of a leaf aod aun 4-6 in.
fruiting spadix. The flagellum is very slender; the leuflets su eas pointed, th
by à in., membranous, linear-lanceolate, finely acuminate, setae abalat, obliq
3 slender cost» and thickened setose margins ; spathes coriaceous, ^ calyx su
truncate, armed with short scattered straight stout spine; frm Z itipsoid, SCH
celliform, with broad spreading obtuse lobes ; young frnit 3 in. ong, sl , beak
dull pale yellow with broad scarious brown margins and tips, DO
stout.—I have seen no specimen. J.D.H.

, in very
62. C. viridispinus, Becc. mss.; leaf flagelliferous, are coste 3
distant fascicles variously grouped ensiform finely a emoot
strong sparingly setose above naked beneath, rachis VIe, spadix
few solitary very short hooked spines on the lateral ang “zontal flo
gate filiform, fem. spikes elongate with alternate remote ien, pe
young fruit oblong strongly beaked, fruiting calyx pedice
small, albumen solid. Caicutt. 4127)
Perak, Scortechins (3165) ; at Larut, alt. 3500-4000 ft. (Hert: "1l have seen
Stem 20-25 ft. Leaves bright green; leaflets 10 by nearly fruit. .D.H.
only a fragment of a leaf, from Larut, and a spike of very young * n
ogor. ^
63. C. Oxleyanus, Teysm. & Dinnend. Cat. Pl, Hort. Pi ed
75 (name only) erect, leaflets very many in subopposite above nak
linear-lanceólate acuminate, tip bristly, costz 9 getose

elon-
wers,

Calamus.] CLXII. PALMEZ. (Beccari & Hook. f.) 459

beneath, petiole long stoutly armed, sheath excessively armed with large
«rate straight or deflexed spines and scattered short ones. Mig. Palm,
Archip. Ind. 17, with fig. C. Fernandezii, H. Wendl. in Kerchov. Palm,

Demonorops fasciculatus, Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 330; Walp,
4m. iii. 480, v. 820 ; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 101.—Rotang Pajare, Grif. in
Cale, Journ, Nat. Hist. v. 89; Palms Brit. Ind. 95.

Matacca, Fernandez, Oxley.—Di1sTRIB. Banca ?

Stem with the sheaths about 1 in. diam. Leaves 10-11 ft. long exclusive of the
g flagellum ; leaflets 1 ft. by $ in.; petiole about 2 ft.; its lower part armed
the sheath 3 Sheath with a very oblique mouth.— Descript. from Griffith,

Group XII. See p. 438.

„ 4 GC. Martianus, Bece, mss.— C. paniculatus, Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm.
1. 334 (not of Roxb.).

PENANG; Gaudichaud, .
fem scandent, Leaflets 4-5 in., equidistant, alternate, lanceolate, tip shortly
*etninate and bristly 7-9-costate, margins and surfaces unarmed, petiole very short,
rachis and slender flagellum armed with short spines, sheath with a short obliquely
cate ochrea. Male spadix decompound, lower spathes subterete faintly 2-keeled
rachis armed with short scattered spines, upper unarmed, spikes slender spreading
Snalling Or twice as long as their spathes.— Description from Martius, neither

nor have I seen specimens.—J. D.H.

65. €. Spathulatus, Becc. mss.; leaflets very few alternate distant
‘Permost pair connate at the base elliptic obtuse convex above,
and margins quite smooth, petiole very short and slender,

ti 8 copiously armed with large solitary and 2-3-nate recurved black-
wi Spines, sheath flagelliferous elongate cylindric copiously armed with
if orm short straight conical-based spines, fem. spadix slender flagel-
Tous, spathes slender terete armed with short hooked spines, fruiting
od Pedicelliform short contracted sessile, base broadly truncate, fruit

wg) long-beaked very pale.

Matacca, Lobb, Hery
25, Scandent ; very lender. Leaves probably 2-3 ft. long; leaflets 47 by

T in., coriaceous, shining above, base acute, cross-nervüles very many and c los ;
be and rachis subterete, flagellum very slender; sheath as thick as the fore
tape thickly coriaceous, pale, smooth between the short flattened subseriate spin s,
alate + very stout. Fem. spadix long, slender, with distant branches which M
bnauchen A rachis far above the slender closely appressed spathess E
N ubercled 3 in, loug; spikes 1-13 in., ag er Séier deiere

jer" Fruit (young) 4 in. long, shortly " channelled
a t; seale straw-cold., faintly channelled.
King, robusta, Bece. AR: much SC very stout.—Perak, Geelong-Malacca,
Mr Collector (7136).
T ] FQ,
A C. insignis, Griff. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 36) Palms
Ind, 69 ; leatlets few distant alternate uppermost pair or 7-9. ostate
ta ‘liptic-oblong or -oblanceolate cuspidately subacute convex hi M ender
k "ri. thiekeneq recurved and both surfaces quite smooth None slender
Polish qe petiole shortly very sparingly prickly, sheath. al tubercles
Mart ed very Sparingly armed with tubercular spines or Se Mig. FU
Ind. Bai; Nat. Palm. iii. 338; Walp. Ann. ui. 488, v. 831; Mig. P^.
- Bat. iii, 198"

460 CLXIII. PALMEX. (Beccari & Hook. f.) [Calamus.

Maracca, Fernandez. PERAK, Scortechini. .

Stem scandent, as thick as a goosequill, shining; internodes 2 in. Tee
12-18 in.; leaflets 3-6 by 1-14 in., polished above, cross.nervules very many an
close set; petiole 3-5 in.; sheath not so thick as the little finger, very long,
cylindric and smoott:.—The leaflets resemble those of C. spathulatus but are prion
— have seen no Perak specimens, of which Beccari says that they are more TO ust,
and have rather larger and more numerous leaflets with more distant transverse
nerves. J.D.H.

67. C. quinquenervius, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 777; scandent, leaves
flagelliferous, leaflets alternate remote equidistant narrowly lanceolate
spines in belts slender, fruit spherical. Kunth Enum. iii. 209; Mart. Hist.
War. Dalm ii. 939; Grif. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 61; Palms Brit.

nd. 72.

SILHET, Rorburgh.

Climbing. Stem exclusive of the leaf-sheaths, about as thic
finger, internodes 6-8 in.—Probably a well-known species, but no
the character given, nor recognized by Beccari or myself.

68. C. ornatus, Blume in Ren. § Sch. Syst. vii. ii. 1326; Rumphit
ii. t. 148; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 208, t. 116, f. 2:— large
Var. HORRIDA, Becc. mss. leaves petioled not flagelliferous, leaflets mW
equidistant narrowly ensiform acute 3-5-costate glaucous beneath, marg
and costæ beneath caducously setulose, petiole and rachis shortly are a
sheaths with long flat spines, fem. spadix very long flagelliferous, spa th
tubular armed with very long spines, branches few erect, spathels peers
male spikes close.set recurved very stout, spatnellules broadly imbricatt d
C. ornatus, Griff. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 37; Palms of P C.
46; Mig. in Journ. Bot. Neerl, Ind. i. 21; Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 286. 7^
ovatus and C. aureus, Reinw. ex Mart. Le 208, 241.

Matacoa, Fernandez. PERAK; Scortechini (5875) (Herb. Calc.
DisTRIB. Malayan Islands.

_ Stem robust; 50-80 ft., 1} in. diam. without the sheaths; shea often
diam. Leaves 12-15 ft.; leaflets 2-21 ft. by 24 in. broad, tip rather obtu `
2-fid, bristly; mid-costa above with stout bristles towards the tip; peti trong
1} in. diam., somewhat flattened, rusty-pubescent, much armed with broa gës
flattened spines 4 in. long; sheath copiously armed with whorled flat apr 6-18
often imbricating spines 1 in. long, and }—} in. broad at the base. Spares in
ft. ; branches 2} ft. apart ; spathes tubular, armed like the sheaths; $ ed, å it.
spathels smooth, bracts and spathellules ciliate. Male spikes recurved, flatten terete,
across the distichous large spreading spathellules; male fl. broadly OV0 > gy 3
obtuse; calyx sessile, hemispheric, petals twice as long. Calyz oblong,
toothed, fruiting pedicelliform. Fruit 2 in. long, obovoid ; scales rufous, M!S yards
l icerate.— Descript. chiefly from Griffith; of the fruit from Martius.— Beccari, e an
the Malacca plant as a var. (horri;a) with glabrescent sheaths, seriate 8P nt
adult leaflets 3- or sub 5-costate aud scarcely spinulose.

k as the middle
t identifiable by

3931).—

ths about 2 in.

D 8,
69. C. giganteus, Becc. mss. ; very robust, leaves large flagellifer™

leaflets many equidistant broadly ensiform acuminate plicately q with
costate, costæ and margins unarmed, petiole long and rachis arme, vet
short spines, sheath very stout woody smooth densely arme wit
broad basal flat long scattered or subseriate spines and shor
ones, male spadix supradecompound, branches close together, tI
tubular shortly spiny, fruiting calyx pedicelliform, fruit lar
ovoid, acute.

Calamus. | OLXIII. PALMER. (Beccari E Hook, f.) 461

Perak; Scortechini.

Apparently scandent, leaf-sheiths 2-3 in. diam. Leaves 8-19 ft. long; petiole
3 ft.; leaflets 2 ft. by 13-2 in. Fruit above an inch long, suddenly contracted
into a conical point; scales shining, straw-cold.—Very near C. ornatus, but more
robust, and more densely armed; abundantly distinct in the non-flagelliferous
paix, longer branches, and armed secondary spathes.—I have seen no specimen.
DH.

70. C. scipionum, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. i. 210; leaves not flagelli-
ferous, leaflets numerous firm equidistant upper gradually smaller elongate-
lanceolate or subensiform aculeolate tips bristly, costae 5-7 naked on both
surfaces or sparsely aculeolate beneath, margins nearly smooth, upper-
most pair connate at the base, rachis and petiole armed with very stout
conico-subulate scattered recurved spines, spadices very long flagelliferous,
lower spathes very long tubular unarmed or their keels armed, fruiting
calyx very small pedicelliform, fruit small ovoid or globose abruptly
mammillate brown. Lam. Encycl. vi. 304 (non Illustr. & excl. syn.); Mart.
Hist, Nat. Palm. iii. 342; Kunth Enum. iii. 206; Walp. Ann. iii. 342;
v. 832; Griff. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 85; Palms Brit. Ind. 43 ;
Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. ii. 138. C. micranthus, Blume Rumph. ii. 53
(leaf only), t. 157 (excl. spadix & anal. fl.).—Ching, Griff. Lc. c.c. 87 and

Maracca, Grifith. Perak, Scortechini (5015); at Gunong-Malacca, King’s
Collector (7171)—Disrris. Borneo.

Stem 40-60 tt., sheath 2-3 in. diam. Leaves 4-5 ft. ; flagellum 10-12 ft. ; larger
leaflets 18-20 by 1}-2 in., rather coriaceous, tips not produced; rachis as thick as the
little finger, smooth except from the scattered spines, obtusely trigonous. Male spadia

ft.; fem. about 10 ft. long ; lower spathe compressed, upper cylindric ; spathels 1 in.,

tubular, truncate, smooth, unarmed, or with a few conical tubercles; branches of
m. spadix long; spikes 2—4 in., rather distant, spreading and recurved, stout.;
§pathellules and bracts very short imbricate; fem. fl. sessile. Frutting calys small,
Toadly urceolate, base truncate intruded, mouth much contracted, lobes very
short ; petals rather longer, broadly ovate. Fruit (young) 4 in. long, scales brown
shiring tumid hardy channelled, with broad pale scarious margins. Seed (young)
‘ub-obovoid, alveolate, embryo basilar.

GaovP XIII. See p. 438. .

71. C. conirostris, Becc. mss.; leaf long-petioled shortly flagelli-
ferous, leaflets numerous equidistant narrowly ensiform tips slender
strongly setulose, costae 3 more or less setulose above the median only
Neath, rachis and flagellum armed with stout recurved 3-5-fid
Claws, petiole very stout, margins densely armed with subsolitary stout
straight erect and spreading spines, sheath armed with very long and
slender spines, spathes copiously armed with subseriate straight P
em. spadix very stout, spathels deusely spinous, spikes very short an
stont, bracts large densely imbricate cupular, fl. large, fruit narrowly
Gm Dàrrowed into a stout beak black. 808)

ERAK ; at Gopin . 500-1000 ft., King’s Collector (4593, .

n Stem 15-20 ft ely in: diam Leaves 6-8 ft. glossy ; leaflets 10-1 8 ft. by
~~ 1D. upper smaller, membranous; petiole as thick as the middle finger, c

H : * «he: in. long, acicular.
Pruit pnt sparsely shortly armed; upper spines $ cone "black, quite smooth

rit 13 in. long by 3 in. diam., very smooth ; scales flat, brown-black, `
ws polished, closely imbricating, the basal concealed part yellow ; fruiting calyx i
Dee Cüpular, not pedicelliform ; lobes large broad appressed ; petals very `
ovoid, rough ; albumen cancellate throughout.

462 CLXII. PALMEX. (Beccari & Hook. f) [Dæmonorops.

72. C. Lobbianus, Bece. mss.; leaflets equidistant linear-lanceolate
candate-acuminate membranous, clothed beneath with an appressed M
substance (as if coated with lime), cost 3 all naked or with a very oi
bristles beneath, spadix slender and rachis and upper spathes aculeate, neri
spikes crowded very short and broad with densely crowded distichous larg
flowers.

SINGAPORE, Lobb, G. Panti (210 Herb. Calcutta). 12-14 b

A small palm, stem 18 in., 6-8 in. diam. Leaves 5-6 fl.; leaflets edel
1-14 in., rachis of the portion seen unarmed. Spathes (upper?) with a short the
sheath and acuminate limb, armed with straight slender spines }~} in. long de sel
sides and keel ; branch of male spadix 3 in. long, oblong ; spathellules most den i
imbricate, } in. diam. Male fi. nearly } in. ; calyx cupular, with broad ey
lobes, not pedicelliform ; petals twice as long, the lobes narrowly lanceolate.— bol
seen only the branch of a male spadix and a fragment of a leaf with 7 leaflets,
from G. Panti: J..D.H.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES. ‘

C. exrENsUS, Roch, Fl. Ind. iii. 777. Probably C. palustris.

C. HUMILIS, Boch, l. c. 773, is possibly 51, latifolius. .

C. Merztanus, Schlecht. in Linnea, xxvi. 727 from Canara (? = C. rivalis, Te,

C. rrxrCILLATUS, Sech, Fl. Ind. ii. 781. If for 30-40 pair of segments `
Roxburgh’s description, 3—4 be substituted, this might apply to C. javensis, ^*

C. PoraAMUs, Roxb. FI. Ind. iii. 780; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 210; Gri. ^
Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 48; Palms Brit. Ind. 58, is not recogniable.

24. DIEMONOROPS, Blume.

Characters of Calamus, but outer sheaths or spathes cymbiform, Ge?
ous, at first enclosing the inner; flowers often more pedicellate.— pec
about 80. Distrib. as of Calamus.

Dæmonorops differs so little from Calamus, and by sectional rather than gene ar
characters according to Griffith, Kurz and others, that it was united with the oritf
in the ** Genera Plantarum." As, however, Beccari, the latest and best 1 s than
on Indian Palms, keeps them apart, and as the elaboration of the spectes no ik his
their nomenclature in this work owes so much to him, I think it right to fol ee ci-
lead. The difficulty of separating them in practice, working upon herbarium Pf
mens, is show n by the synonymy of various species of both.

ter
Sect. I. Cymbospathse. Spathes cymbiform, beaked, two ing.
completely enveloping theinner. Male spadix fusiform before flower

* Stem scandent.

Le
_ l. D. Jenkinsianus, Mari. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 327 ; leaflets er
distant linear finely acuminate, costo 3 all sparsely setose above wit! an
long bristles, the central only beneath, margins setulose, petiole rachis
flagellum with many marginal and dorsal hooked spines or 3-9- ines,
sheath armed with very long flat deflexed and shorter more slender P flat
spadix elongate decompound, outer spathe flattish 2-keeled armed t fruit
spines narrowed into a long spinescent beak, fruiting calyx nearly eg Mart.
globose apiculate. Walp. Ann. iii. 475; v. 827. D. nutantiflorus, Cale.
Lc. 326; Walp. ll. c.c. 474, 827. Calamus Jenkinsianus, Grif- '

Demonorops.] erem, PALMER, (Beceari & Hook. f.) 463

Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 81; Palms Brit. Ind. 89 (excl. fruit. & 4.186 A. f. 3 (=C.
Flagellum), T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xi. 11. Q. nutantiflorus,
Griff. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 79; Palms Brit. Ind. 88, t. 908.

The Breu HIMALAYA, Assam, the Kuasta HILLS, BENGAL and CHITTA-
GONG.

Stem very stout, with the sheaths 1% in. diam., young parts grey-pubescent.
Leaves large; leaflets 2 ft. by 3-4 in.; petiole 5-6 in.; spines of rachis many, short,
scattered ; of sheath 1-1} in. long. Outer spathe 1-2 ft., spines 1—$ in.; inner 12-
18 in., lanceolate, long acuminate, quite smooth. Male spadix thyrsiform, dense-
fld. ; calyx oblong, 3-toothed, and petals and bracts deeply grooved. Fem. spadiv with
spreading branclies, fruiting erect ; calyx cupular, not pedicelliform ; petals twice as
long. Fruit 2 in. diam., pale yellow brown ; scales deeply channelled, margins narrowly
Sarous Seed subglobose, smooth; albumen puuctate, or the surface ruminate by very
slender channels. :

2. D. Manii, Bece. mss. ; leaflets very many and narrow naked be-
neath setulose on the 3 costæ above, spadix very long slender, peduncle
compressed hardly armed, outer spathe very long gradually narrowed into
along pale dorsally-keeled beak, spines few large flat, inner lanceolate acumi-
nate, fruiting spadix erect glabrous, fruit globose shortly mamynillate scales
Pale slightly channelled margins pale, tip not discoloured.

ANDaMAN Isrps, E. H. Man.

Allied to C. Jenkinsianus.—I have seen no specimen. J.D.H.

3. D. Kurzianus; stem and petioles very stout, leaflets very many
*quidistant elongate ensiform acuminate margins minutely aculeolate,
cost 3-5 naked or with a few long bristles above, rachis semi-terete very
stont flat above with short scattered spines on the margins, outer spathe
mth seriate spines inner linear, fruiting spadix erect branches very stout,
ruting calyx explanate, fruit globose very shortly beake pale yellowish.
C; grandis, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlii. ii. 208 (not of Mart.).
alamus grandis, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 593 (not of Grifith).

Bour ANDAMAN Isrps,, Kurz. .

Stem with the sheath as thick as the arm. Leaves shortly petioled ; leaflets
a f. by 1-14 in., tips ciliate; rachis enormously stout, 1} in. diam., dorsally
convex and unarmed, ending in a clawed flagellum ; petiole armed below with long
àt and short recurved spines; sheath with whorled spines. Outer spathe cymbi-
‘rm, scurfy, inner unarmed, Fruit 2 in. diam., pale brownish yellow, scales deeply
H unnelled, margins brownish with a very narrow scarious edge ; fruiting calyx with a
"ery short base and broad striate lobes; petals twice as long, striate. Seed sub-
COupressed, albumen as in € Jenkinsianus.—1 have seen only a portion of a leaf with
wit enormous rachis described above, imperfect leaflets, and a very old fem. spadix
ith fruit, J.D. jr. ,
l 4 D. Srandis, Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 327, t. 173; leaves and
ĉatlets ag in D. Kurzianus, but pale and subglaucous, costæ beneath naked
i SParsely ciliate ag are the margins, spathe as in D. Kurzianus, calyx

e ntire villously ciliate, fruit globose. Mig. Fi. Ind. Bat. ii. doy
od. § Binn. Cat. Hort. Bogor. 74; Walp. Ann. ii. 476, y; gar.
91 {ts grandis, Griff. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 84; Palms Brit. Ind.

+ 210 A (PB et OC t. 216, £. iii. Mig. Palm. Archip. Ind. 28.

ALACOA, Grifith. PrraK, Scortechini.
18.997 very stout scandent, cathe 2 in. diam. Leaves 15-16 ft.; leaflets
eluded Y li in.; petiole about 2 ft. Lower spathes 14-15 in. FICA

» Unarmed, rustily seurfy. Male spadix 16-18 in., dccompound, spikes abou

464 Gem, PALMER, (Beccari & Hook. f.) [Demonorops.

iin. flexuous. Calyx oblong, shortly 3-toothed. Fem. spadix very stout, pari
branches ascending ; spikes short. Flowers shortly pedicelled, calyx striate; petals
i longer. Fruit the size of a large marble. Seed erect, abounding in dragons
blood; albumen ruminate; embryo basilar.—Descript. chiefly from Griffith Le,

5. D. hygrophilus, Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. ii. 204, t. 177, LU:
robust, leaflets very many and narrow equidistant linear tip nd
margin and 3 coste above bearing long bristles and a few on be
mid costa beneath, sheath armed with long flat spines, outer spathe
gradually narrowed into a long beak as long as the body dorsally ? pa
with broad flat scattered spines and a few longer ones. Mig. F L [nd. Le
iii. 90; Walp. Aun. iii. 476, v. 827. Calamus hygrophilus, Grif. Pa
Brit. Ind. 96, t. 213 C.

Maracca, Fernandez. PERAK, Scortechint. . . thick

Stem stout, sheaths lj in. diam. Leaflets 12 by X in. ; petiole forming $ stont
ring around the sheath, armed with scattered spines below and wit ene
recurved ones above and on the rachis, young rusty woolly. Spadiv nearly 2»
Outer spathe 2-keeled, inner unarmed.—Descript. from Griffith. I have see
specimen. J.D.H.

6. D. angustifolius, Murt. Hist. Nut. Palm. iii, 3295 leaves shorty
petioled, leaflets very many narrow and close set equidistant narr d
linear-lanceolate tip filiform, costze 3 all and margins setulose or We hi
median only beneath, bristles very long, rachis $-terete armed with 8 n Ren
and recurved trifid claws, petiole with small scattered flat spines? rnm
armed with scattered flat «pines, outer spathe narrow long-beaked à 89;
like the sheaths, spadix thyrsiform scurfy. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Te,
Walp. Aun. iii. 476, v. 827. ` Caiamus angustifolius, Griff. m Calc.

Nat. Hist. v. 89; Palms Brit. Ind. 95, t. 213 A, B.

Mavacca, Griffith. "n iole

Scandent. Leaves 5-5} ft., flagelliferous; leaflets 8-10 by 3-3 mi p
8-4in. Outer spathe about LA in. long, the beak half its length, flat ; .
sparsely spinous. Male spadiz with a slender sparingly armed peduncle; , calyx
crowded, erect; spikes 1 in., flexuous, 8-10-fld.; flowers small, Oph arth who
cylindiic-oblong, teeth small; petals thrice as long.— Descript. from Gi he dis-
describes it as in all respects a very distinct species, but I do not see how ouly of
tinguishes it by his description from D. hygrophilus. I have seen „leaves a closely
which the flat spines of the leaf aud brown scurfy sheath are erect, white, an
appressed ; the petiole is concave above at the base. J. D.H. `

7. D. intermedius, Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. ii. 377, t. 175, phos
leaves long-petioled, leaflets opposite or scattered linear-lanceolate p o
nate, margins and 3-5 costs; on both surfaces more or less stoë) F a
armed with scattered and flattened spines, sheath with seriate biac long
spines, outer spathe ovoid very long and stoutly beaked, 1t3 pn :
slender deflexed, beak longer than the body, flowers and fruit 37 alp
grandis, but scales tipped with black. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. n. 88; Nat.
Ann. ii. 476, v. 827. Calamus intermedius, Griff. in Cale. Journ.
Hist. v. 86; Palms Brit. Ind. 93, t. 211 A, B.

Maracca, Fernandez. PERAK, Scortechint, King’s Collector (7135). in,, mem

Stem 15-20 ft., $ in. diam, Leaves 4-6 ft. ; leaflets 18-20 by 1-3 ee ringly
branous, dark green, median costa stout lateral very slender ; rachis kierch "S adi
armed; petiole 1 ft. Outer spadiw 18 in., beak twice as long as the al g yellows
thyrsiiorm. Fruit 3 in. diam., suddenly contracted into a narrow beak ; senteay
obscurely channelled ; fruiting calyx not pedicelliforiu, broadly 3-lobed ; petä

Demonorops.] ` oam. PALMER. (Beccari & Hook. f.) 465

longer, linear. Seed globose, murienlate; albumen foveolately ruminate.— Griffith
says “with difficulty distinguishable from grandis, and chiefly by the very slender
more numerous deflexed spines of the spathe.”

8. D. Sepal, Becc. mss.; leaflets rather numerous equidistant nar-
towly linear finely acuminate setulose on the 3 coste above and margins,
rachis armed with 3-tid claws, petiole dorsally compressed armed with
scattered and clustered short straight flattened spines, sheaths with sub-
seriate flat spines their mouth with long spines, outer spathes long-beaked
dorsally armed with flat slender and shorter clustered spines, fruiting
spadix nodding or pendulous, fruit obovoid.

Perak, alt. 3-4000 ft., King's Collector (4133) ; on Gunong Tambang, Scorte-
chini (433b),

Stem 20-30 ft., i-i in. diam. Leaves 6-8 ft. ; leaflets 8-12 by 4-2 in. ; spines
of sheath in, long, mixed at the juncture with the petiole with more slender
shorter black ones, Fruit $in. long, abruptly beaked, light brown, glossy ; scales

eeply channelled, margins brown ; fruiting calyx pedicelliform, lobes broad ; petals
Wice as long,

9. D. Pseudosepal, Becc. mss.; leaflets not numerous very long and
narrow setiferous on the 3 costæ above and. median beneath, petiole with
scattered very short spines except at the base where longer and more
slender, sheath with very long elastic flat seriate spines, mouth nearly

» fem, spadix short, fruit globose with a short broad mucro.

PERAK; alt. 300 ft., King’s Collector (7975); Seortechini, `

Stem 10-15 ft., nearly $ in. diam. Leaves 3-4 ft.; leaflets inequidistant, dark
green, 2-3 in. broad; petiole 16-18 in., armed on the back and margins. Fruit
1 in, diam., pedicelled, dirty yellow; scales few, channelled, margins narrowly

various, tips di ; fruiti icelli .—Affinity doubtful from
want of vna coloured ; fruiting calyx not pedicelliform y

10. D. Lewisianus, Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 327, t. 175, f. iv.; leaflets
equidistant approximate "linear bristle-pointed costs 3 setulose above
nearly naked beneath, margins appressedly setulose, petiole dorsally armed
with hooked Spines and long flat straight whorled and solitary ones, mar-
‘with shorter conical spines, sheath armed with solitary or seriate
pack flat spines, outer spathe shortly beaked armed with weak deflexed
ong black Spines, inner with 2 rows of slender spines, spadix as in D.
lermedius, but branches more slender and less scurfy, fruiting spadix
mb fruit spherical, Calamus Lewisianus, Griff. in Cale. Journ. Nat.

ist. v. 87; Palms Brit. Ind. 94, t. 212 A.

PENANG 3 Lewis.

fem Scandent, wi in. di Petiole about 1 ft., base
th the sheaths about 1 in. diam.

d ‘wollen and then armed with scattered short deflexed spines, and above with

spines 14 in. long ; leaflets 13-15 by $-lin. Outer spathe 3-9 in. ; peduncle armed

wi flat Spines, beak one-third the length of the body. Male and fem. spadix as

g as e spathe ; flow f t Male calyx obtusely toothed,

ins | 3 er fy, males most so. ) ge

win arded ; fruiting petals R wice as long. Fruit pale yellowish ; scalesiv 15
,

Ackish towards the margin.—Descript. chiefly from Martius and Griffith.
H .
Stems erect or subscandent, upper leaves alone with flagella.

ll. p . iii. 328, t. 175, f. v.;
: monticolus, Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. ii. , t. , !
ea d 1
i petioled, leaflets equidistant alternate linear-subulate acuminate,

! , '
VOL, Re bristly above naked beneath except the median at the apex

466 OLXII PALMER. (Beccari & Hook. f.) [Demonorops.

margin bristly, rachis unarmed, petiole armed with stout hooked spines,
sheaths scurfy armed with long flat black deflexed seriate spines, outer
spathe long-beaked dorsally armed with weak long deflexed flat spines,
spadix unarmed scurfy, fruit globose cuspidate. Mig. FT. Ind. Bat. m.
90; Walp. Ann. iii. 4771, v. 827. Calamus monticolus, Griff. in Cale. Journ.
Nat. Hist. v.90; Palms Brit. Ind. 97, t. 214 A, B, C.

MALAY PENINSULA; on Goonong Miring, a spur of Mt. Ophir, alt. 1500-2000 ft.,
and Penane HILL, half way up, Griffith.

Stem about 8 ft. Petiole 10 in.; leaflets 10-11 by à in. Outer spathe very
open, 16-17 in. long; beak 9-10 in., flat, sparingly armed except towards the apex.
Fruit the size of a marble, tawny; scales channeiled and with a dark brown pe
marginal line; fruiting calyx explanate, lobes broad; petals twice as long, rch
Seed with a fleshy covering.—Descript. from Griffith, The Penang plant wi m "n
coarser spines on the spathe and the fruit is more narrowed into a beak ; err
doubts its being conspecific with the Malaccan. I have seen only very mp
specimens.

12. D. petiolaris, Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 326; slender, gcuriy,
leaves long-petioled, leaflets very long crowded equidistant very narrow f
linear tips spinulose, costæ 3 setulose above the median only beneath, wal
gins setulose, petiole armed below with seriate spines above with 1 he
hooked spines, sheaths crinitely clothed with long close-set ascent g
slender seriate spines, outer spathe shortly beaked densely arme lyx
long slender spines, spadix short fusiform, branches tomentose, mà ore d
cylindric 3-toothed. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 87; Walp. Ann. n. 5 De
827. Calamus petiolaris, Grif. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 93; 4%
Brit. Ind. 101, t. 216, £. vii.; ? Mig. Palm. Archip. Ind. 28.

MALacoa, Griffith. l

Stem erect. Dance 4-5 ft., exclusive of the 5-7 ft. petiole; leaflets ae
3-3 in. Spathe 4-5 in., narrowly fusiform, scurfy, beak }—} the length of t de
or longer. Petals narrowly lanceolate.—Griffith says that probably two TU A of
included here, differing in the length of the leaves ; one with an unarmed D utely
the leaves, longer more tomentose spadices and longer spikes and a cylindric a
shortly toothed calyx, but his definition of the two is not very clear.

. d
13. D. tabacinus, Becc. mss. ; sheaths rachis and petiole of m f lon
branches of spadix brown-furfuraceous, leaves long-petioled, leafle ^
many equidistant narrowly linear tips spinulose, costa 3 sein. an
and on the median beneath, margins setulose, petiole subcylin into 3
sheath armed with small flat pale spines, outer spathe narrowe traight
beak as long as the body or longer, crinitely clothed with long $
slender spines, fruit subglobose pale, beak conical.
PERAK ; King’s Collector (2537). "P
Stem erect, 2-3 ft. Leaflets 12-14 by 1-3 in. Spathe 6 in. its
Fruit $ in. diam., pale straw-cold., suddenly narrowed at both ends; 8° twice 3
nelled, tips dark-cold. ; fruiting calyx subpedicelliform, lobes broad ; petals
long.— Distinguished from D. petiolaris by the-long beak of the spathe.
Y
14. D. calicarpus, Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 326, t. ^
leaflets equidistant very many linear bristle-pointed, 3 costæ P^ long
lose median or all beneath, margins setulose, petiole armed 7 slender
straight and short hooked spines, sheaths scurfy armed with long, i all
subseriate flat erect spines, outer spathe moderately beaked, ¢ 4 along
over with long slender pale bristles, 2nd and 3rd bearded che Ze
the middle, male spadix much branched, margins of pe cels

Demonorops.] ^ crxim. PatMEx, (Beccari & Hook. f.) 467

spikes scurfy, fruit globose. tawny. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 87; Walp. Ann.
m. 475, v. 827. Calamus calicarpus, Grif. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v.
92; Palms Brit. Ind. 99, t. 215 A, B, C, D, t. 116, f. v. vi.

Matacca, Grifith. PERAK, Scortechini.

Stem erect or subscandent, with the sheaths l in. diam. Leaves 6-8 ft., upper
small, with long flagella ; leaflets 12-13 by 3-2 in.; petiole 1 ft., base not gibbous
or puckered. Outer spathe 12-16 in., spines and hairs 1-1} in. long ; beak 2-3 in.,
naked or bristly at the base only. Male spadige 6-16 in., much branched; spikes

*xuous, scurfy ; calyx subcylindric, 3-toothed; petals not twice as long. Fem.
spadig shorter, 4-8 in., less but more stoutly branched; calyx ovoid, teeth bearded.
ruit cuspidately mammillate, $ in. diam., tawny, scales with a dark marginal band,
*eply channelled; fruiting ealyx explanate, lobes broad; petals rather longer.
ed globose; albumen deeply ruminate; embryo basilar.— Descr. chiefly from
riffith, Beccari says of it, very difficult to distinguish from petiolaris and monti-
colus in the absence of complete specimens of all.

. Sect. IL Piptospathe. Outer spathe not completely enclosing the
mner, Spadizx diffusely branched.

* Spathes at first tubular, then open ; all deciduous or the outer alone
More persistent, armed with short stout spines. Spadix narrow and
eongate before flowering, then paniculate.

T Mouth, of sheath naked or armed with scattered spines pointing
variously, Fruit resiniferous except D. leptopus.

15. D. micracanthus, Becc. mss.; leaflets alternate or distantly
subopposite linear-lanceolate caudate-acuminate, costo 3 minutely setulose
both surfaces, as are the margins, petiole very gibbous and transversely
Puckered at the base slender 2-edged biconvex armed with long rather dis-

nt small curved prickles on the back and here and there on the sides and
n the rachis, sheath long slender glabrous armed with very short de-
nduons prickles, at length muriculate. Calmus micracanthus, Griff. QU
^ Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 62 ; Palms Brit. Ind. 72; Mart. Hist. Nat.

in 339; Mig. FL Ind. Bat. ii. 128; Walp. Ann. iii, 489, v. 831
micranthus),

Matacca, Grifith

e only spect seen is of a leaf with a cylindric pale sheath a foot Jong,

lono a: with scattered or subseriate minute tubercles ; a rather slender petio e, 6 i

me dilated at the base and gibbous, with small very scattered spines ; the rachis

H re flagelliferons, very slender and smooth; the leaflets 8-10 by 34 in., with very
8 filiform bristly tips.

16. D. Propinguus, Bece. mss.; leaflets numerous equidistant linear-
re: costæ 3 all sparsely setulose above the median alone beneath,
seul? setulose, rachis very stout with large flat solitary straight spines,
the Ge with stout dorsal and very long scattered lateral flat spines as has
and eath, spathes many imbricating almost woody with obtuse points
erect freer’ margins outer armed with seriate deflexed spines, spadix
sales tating nodding, fruit globosely ovoid strongly beaked red brown,
Hist deeply channelled. Calamus Draco, Grif. in Cale. Journ. Par
Hist Wyo? 3 Palms Brit, Ind. 75 (ezcl. Syn. Rozb.) t. 201 A, B; Mart.

wë at. Palm, iii, 17 5, f. 10, 3-8.

XG, Gri th, Lewes. ERAK, Scortechini, —DisTRIB. Suma ra. .
tice rat, crete, leant scandent. Leaflets 12-18 by 4-3 in. 5 petiole
© m. diam. Fruit 2 in. diam., exuding dragon’s-blood copiously, stoutly

Hh 2

468 CLXII PALMEX. (Beccari & Hook. f.) [ Demonorops.

. pedicelled ; scales naturally whitish but incrusted with red gum. Seeds rarely 2,
subconical, dorsally alveolate and tubercled with a deep lateral cleft.—The Perak
fruits are accompanied by ensiform leaflets 2 ft. long by 2 in. broad with aculeolate
margins. Beccari doubts their belonging to the same species as the fruits. —The
seeds of Griffith's plant are globose and smooth. J.D.H.

17. D. didymophyllus, Becc. mss.; leaflets in distant opposite or
alternate pairs broadly ensiform or elliptic, costz;» and margins quite
smooth, fruit as in D. propinquus, but with less resin.

PERAE, Scortechini; alt. 2500-3000 ft., King’s Collector (2593, 5704, 6313).
Jouore, Kurz.—DISTRIB. Sumatra.

Stem 20-3) ft., scandent. Leaves 5-7 ft.; leaflets 8-16 by 1-2} in. acute,
many-nerved, quite smooth on both surfaces, as are the margins; petiole 2-3 ft,
and rachis semiterete, both armed with scattered small short stout nearly straight
spines and tubercles; rachis armed with distant solitary spines and 3-fid claws;
sheaths scurfy, armed with very broad flat spines, mouth oblique naked. Spathes
coriaceous, flat, lower 6-10 in., transversely armed with mauy series of confes
short irregular spines; upper persistent, smaller. Spadiz erect; peduncle arm
with strong straight flat scattered spines; spikes densely fascicled, slender, erect
flexuous. Fruit 2 in. diam., cuspidate, red brown, and explanate calyx as n
propinquus.

18. D. leptopus, Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 206, 329; leave
petioled, leaflets many equidistant narrowly linear-lanceolate caudate-
acuminate, costæ.3 all naked, or setulose beneath near the margins, Wem
very stout armed with short stout simple and 2-J-fid claws, petiole arm
with ‘short solitary spines, sheath swollen at the petiole armed w
fascicled or seriate flat spines, outer spathe with revolute n e
towards the open tip, keels 2 armed with stout spines, fruit ov” e
ellipsoid. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii.99; Walp. Ann. iii. 479, v. 818. Calan
Ad "A E rif. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 73; Palms Brit. rs

MALACCA, Grifith. Prrax, King’s Collector (4774, 5919) ; Scortechini.

_ Stem scandent, 20-30 ft., sheaths about lin. dem. ? Leaflets 15-16 by 5 t,
tip capillary bristly, rachis as thick as the thumb, subbiconvex; petiole siot iD
trigonous ; lower spines 1 in. and upwards. Spathes coriaceous, lower 9-9 e
lanceolate, open, tip flat broad; upper open much longer than their
Spadia 3-4 ft, very slender; peduncle stoutly armed, branches erect, o
spikes 14-3 in., flexuous, flowers unilateral. Calyx rather large, teeth acute, - on
ventricose. Fruit $ in. long, pedicelied by the calyx and spathellules, daf,
brown, scales deeply channelled. Seed with a hard resinous coat, chalaza groove i
albumen ruminate; embryo basal.—The young spadix resembles D. propinquis,
mature is more like D. Hystrie.—Descript. chiefly from Griffith.

s long:

tt Mouth of leaf-sheath armed with long flat erect spines; fruit ST
sparingly resiniferous.

19. D. Hystrix, Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 205, 328, t m
3-4 ; leaflets very many equidistant narrow setaceously acuminate, d with
and 3 costa setulose on both surfaces, rachis clawed, petiole amo very
scattered long straight and short spines sheath swollen armed wit ]iptit
ong ( i the small el T

ickly armed upwards with strong long spines, fruiting SpA
spreading branches and spikes, fruit ellipsoid long-pedicelled. ig. F Le
Bat. iii. 91; Walp. Ann. ii. 477, v. 898. D. hirsutus, Blume Bu”

Demonorops.] CLXIH. PALMEX, (Beccari & Hook. f.) 469

Suppl. 593. Calamus Hystrix, Griff. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 71;
Palms Brit. Ind. 80, t. 204, A, B, C} Miq. Palm Archip. Ind. 28.

Matacca, Griffith; at Ager Punnus, Maingay. PERAK, Scortechint, King’s
Collector (951).— DISTRIB. Java, Sumatra. .

Stem scandent, with the very stout sheaths 1} in. diam, ` Leaves 7-10 ft. ; rachis
fagelliferous ; leaflets 10-18 by $-£ in. tips very slender, setulose costs sometimes
9; petiole 1-2 ft.; sheath woody, scurfy, obliquely crossed with half-whorls of
close set flat spines, of which the lower series are }-} in. long lanceolate very
thin and appressed to the surface, the upper or oral enormously long, strict.
Lowest spathe 4-5 in., almost woody, stoutly armed, not beaked ; upper narrower,
more or less armed. Spadiz 2-3 ft., peduncle rather slender, armed ; spikes 2-3 in.,
scurfy, ascending, flexuous ; flowers pedicelled ; calyx cupular, teeth obtuse villous-
tipped; corolla twice as long, ovoid. Fruit about $ in. long by à in. diam., pale
Town, not shining, shortly mammillate ; scales obtuse, channelled, margins of channels
rather elevated. Seed oblong, pitted, pits resinous; albumen deeply ruminate ;
embryo basilar.— The enormous spines of the leaf-sheaths are a remarkable
Character, .

Var. minor, Becc. mss.; stem 2-8 ft., with the sheaths 1-2 in. diam., leaves 1—4

+» leaflets 5-10 in, fruit much smaller.—Perak 300-1500 ft., King’s Collector
(5097, 5142, 5486),

20. D. Kunstleri, Becc. mss.; leaflets many equidistant linear
setulose on the 3 coste above and median beneath, margins setulose,
petiole robust scurfy margins armed with long stout spreading spines,
sheath with many oblique series of long stout flat spines alternating with
Shorter setiform ones, mouth with a few very long ones, lower spathe
coriaceous softly scurfy keel spinous, peduncle of spadix long slender
armed with whorls of spines, fruit globose top conical not beaked.

PERAK ; Scortechini (652), King’s Collector (10,204). an . "
, Stem erect, 2-3 ft., sheaths 3 in. diam. Leaflets 14-18 by 3-3 in., rachis arme
with 3-fid, claws, Peduncle of spadix 8-10 in. Fruit 3 in. diam., tawny, top suddenly
pontracted into a low cone; scales few, channelled, broad, margins not scarious and
ebe discoloured ; fruiting calyx small, explanate. Seed subglobose.—1 have seen
Y à portion of a leaf and of a fruiting spadix.

21. D. vagans, Bece. mss.

PERAK ; alt 40 i

tem 3 alt, 4000-5000 ft., King’s Collector (4129). `. a
a Stem scandent, sheaths 3 in, diam. Leafiets 14 by $ m., very narrow straight
` finely acuminate. Fruit as in Kuntsleri vut smaller.—I have seen only a portion
à leaf and fruit without calyx.

** Outer s l] deciduous or the outer
: athes at first tubular, then open, all deciduous |
be Persistent, hardly spinous, but densely clothed with rigid needle-like
Md Sheath of leaf with a spinulose membranous collar or ring.
Padix elongate before flowering, then paniculate.

ae D. Sabut, Becc. mss.; leaflets in fascicles of 9-10 in., the Tower
la: of the rachis and 4-6 on the upper elongate oblanceolate sa el
a onered to a setulose tip, margins and 3 costæ setulose above the me ‘an
and beneath, petiole very stont stoutly armed with short and long ate e
compound Spines, sheath with a toothed setulose and spinular mouth.

PERAK Sc D

» Scortechini (653b). .
Internodes 6-8 in, with, a reversed membranous collar. Flagellum of rachis
—I have seen no specimen. d. D.H.

470 CLXIIL PALMEX. (Beccari & Hook. f.) [Demonoropt.

23. D. oligophyllus, Bece. mss.; leaflets 10-12 in distant er?
elongate-oblanceolate with setulose tips, costze 3 nearly mL 23 mem-
surfaces, sheath densely filamentously scurfy, internodes x nd densely
branous strongly nerved collars appressed to the sheata “th claws.
crinite, petiole biconvex margins obtuse rather closely armed wt

PERAK, Scortechini. . . H.
Founded on two flowerless specimens, neither of which have I seen.—J.D

24. D. macrophyllus, Becc.; leaflets 4 in 2 very distant pairs omg
lanceolate 20 by 4—5 in. with 7-8 acute naked costa, petiole $ > mbranous
armed with 2-3-fid spines, sheaths 2—4 in. diam. with 3-4 m
collars.

PERAK ; Scortechint. . —J.D.H.
Founded on a single flowerless specimen, which I have not seen.—/.^-

25. D. verticillaris, Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. ill. 329. t. 175, aa
72, f. vi., vii.; leaflets many equidistant ensiform setaceously ey whorls
margins and coste very sparingly setulose, sheath armed Deet black
of very long flat weak spines alternating with whorls of coni eres 0
bristles, lower spathe thinly coriaceous densely crinite wi s slender,
fascicled black bristles, male spadix slender, spikes sub-erec All sessile
flowers minute densely crowded in two collateral series, fr p Calamus
globose. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. ii. 99; Walp. Ann. iii. 478; v. 8 ` Tad. Tht
verticillaris, Griff. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 63; Palms Brit, ina.
200 A, B, C, D.

: ing’ lector

Maracca, Grifith. PERAK, Scortechini ; at Larut and Goping, King 8 e
(976, 6388). 15 ft.; leaflets

Stem 20-40 ft. scandent, sheaths about lj in, diam. | Leaves $ laws; petiole
10-18 by 3-1 in.; rachis flagelliferons, armed dorsally with multifi » and sbort
Stout, armed below with half whorls of pale flat weak spines 1-5 in. defloxed spines,
black bristles; sheath with similar long flat pale erect spreading or ü ped bris Jes
closely alternating with comb-like whorls of densely compacted black- p narrow
confluent into stiff lamine } in. deep. Lower spathe 2-3 ft., with *u er spathe
point; bristles j-1 in. long, in closely packed whorls, black, shining le PP her con
quite or nearly smooth, Spadix 2 ft. long, scurfy, decompound, ma ikes 3-1 iD-
tracted, fem. with spreading branches, peduncle unarmed. Male 2 b
spathellule cupular, acute. Flowers distichous, horizontal, most Mw
calyx cupular, obscurely toothed; petals twice as long. Fem. spikes brown. eed
% in. diam., top conical, scales whitish faintly channelled, margins
globose, albumen deeply ruminate.

acked ;

heaths
*** Outer spathe acutely 2-keeled, keel alone setose. Leaf 8
armed with flat spines confluent in an annular spinulose crest.

red
26. D. geniculatus, Mart. Hist. Nat, Palm. iii. 329; leaflets soa T5
orin groups of 3-7 elongate ensiform tips filiform very long; rmed t0-
smooth or more or less setulose, margins smooth, petiole stout hr spines,
wards the base with simple and compound very long white flat s Je-like
mouth of sheath with a few similar spines and a brush of "ter spa
bristles below which is a thick ring of confluent bristles, 0U p ate
lanceolate, spadix much branched, male fl. densely crowded "Bat jii. 995
series, fruit subglobose shortly stoutly beaked. Mag. FT. Ted. e Ie. Jow
Walp. Ann. iii. 478, v. 828. “Calamus geniculatus, Grif. m Archip.
Nat. Hist. v. 67; Palms Brit. Ind. 17,4.202, A, B; Mig. Palm. Ar

Demono?ops.] ` oam. PALMER, (Beccari & Hook. f.) 471

PENANG, Lewes, PERAK, alt. 2-3500 ft, King’s Collector (2931, 2735, 6306,

9). SINGAPORE, Lobb.

Stem stout 20-25 ft , scandent; nodes swollen. Leaves 10~14 ft.; leaflets 16-20
y §-1 in, margins quite smooth, long tips setose; petiole stout, spines on lower
Portion often ternate with the central 6-7 in. long and slender but stiff. Spathes
all deciduons, upper thinly coriaceous, unarmed. Spadizx (geniculate, Griff.) 3 tt. ;
peduncle 6-12 in., flattened, with marginal spines, not 2-edged; spikes j-$ in.,
Spreading, with the flowers $ in. broad. Male flowers most densely imbricate,
horizontal in two series, } in. long and narrow; spathellules quite entire;
calyx shortly cylindric, striate ; corolla terete, four times as long, smooth, not
striate, very marrow, Fruit 2 in. long, shortly pedicelled; sometimes almost

ellipsoid, pale dull yellowish brown ; scales with a shallow channel and brown

margin, here may be more than one species included here, the fruiting spadices
of Nos. 576 and 7849 look very diferent, No. 576 from Goping Perak has
the slender fruiting spadix, with distant fruits, as in Griffith’s figure. No. 2735
rom Perak is a male plant and has the mouth of the sheath with needle-shaped spines,
No. 2931 from Perak has the very long spires on the petiole. No. 7849 from Perak
315 the branches of the fruiting spadix as broad as long with very short stout
internodes and stout spikes 4-6 in. long; it most resembles the Penang form.

f "3 Onter spathe lanceolate, slenderly 2-keeled, wholly deciduous after
Owerng, Leaf sheaths armed with isolated or confluent spines, not

annular crests, Spadix elongate.

1 27. D. longipes, Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 329, t. 176, f. v. 2, 8,
*afleta equidistant linear-lanceolate or ensiform subulate-acuminate
margins and tips bristly 3 cost setulose above or on both surfaces, petiole
ärer below and armed with long irregular spines, channelled above, with
ed margins, rachis triangular with solitary short dorsal teeth, sheath
amed with broad stout flat solitary or seriate spines mixed with bristles,
‘Pathes narrowly lanceolate long acuminate unarmed, spadix very long
^! £-peduneled, spikes flexuous, fruit ovoid-oblong shortly stipitate, beak
ai": Mig. E. Ind. Bat. ii. 93; Walp. Ann. Wi, 478, v. 828. D.
strictus, Blume Rumph. iii. 19, t. 163 A, B; Mart. l. e. 326. Mig. Le 86;
Ppl. 250; in Journ. Bot. Neel. i. 18; Walp. l. e. 474, 827. Calamus
oye Pes, Griff. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hisl. v. 68; Palms Brit. Ind. 78, t.
A,B (excl, syn. Rumph.). C. strictus, Mig. Palm. Archip. Jnd. 28.

Matacoa, Fernandez, Mai Hervey.— DisTRIB. Sumatra, Banca.
leaflets’, With the AN 12 fc ; petiole 2 ft., young floccosely scurfy ;
ets 12 ]4 by 12 in. Spathes long and narrow, thinly coriaceous, nearly or
quite unarmed, young scurfy. Male spadiv nodding; peduncle 2 ft., 2-edged,
narmed oy with a few marginal spines; branches decompound ; spikes Flin, very
erecto., And zig-zag, spatheilules (or bracts ?) very minute. Blowers i Wi ong,
long, Patent ; calyx obtusely toothed, quite glabrous, striate; petals ard y ` c :

A not striate, Fruiting spadix large, very broad, much branched ; brane ies no
shorti "UUfy; spikes 3-5 in. Fruit } in. apart, $ in. long; calyx very
the Pedicelled, broadly campanulate, 3-lobed to the middle lobes appresse

channe Se of the fruit; scales pale yellow-brown, shining, concolorous, 10
See 4. Seeds oblong; albumen strongly ruminate; embryo basal Gri ith
i M D D *. F a e

imperfect alamus longipes as having equidistant leaflets, his spe

i inequidistant as
show this character. In Maingay’s specimen they are incqui i
Probab by Blume in his D. strictus. As in other species the costæ of the leaflets
y vary much as to being more or less setulose on one or both surfaces.

Besi IMPERFECTLY KNOWN SPECIES. aod
des enumerating the above more or less imperfectly described species,

472 CLXII. PALMEH. (Beccari & Hook. f.) [ Demonorops.

Beccari has indicated the existence of about 7 other new Malayan Peninsula ones,
but these are in far too imperfect a condition to render it advisable to register here
the names he has given them.

25. ZALACOCA, Reinw.

Stemless, soboliferons, armed palms. Leaves pinnatisect, not flagelli-
ferous; leaflets narrowly linear-lanceolate. Spadix interfoliar, pendulous,
flowering branches catkin-like. Spathes persistent; lower sheathing, iiy
complete ; bracteoles cupular, 2-celled ; flowers coriaceous, densely crow gu
polygamous. Male fl., calyx tubular, 3-fid.; corolla tubular, segmen
valvate; stamens 6, anthers short. Fem. fl. larger; perianth accrescent;
calyx trifid; corolla-lobes lanceolate, valvate ; staminodes 3 or 6; over
3-celled, stigmas 3, subulate; ovules basilar. Fruit globose or oboveid,
1-3-seeded, clothed with reversed or spreading scales. Seeds 1-8, D
top excavated, testa crustaceous, outer coat fleshy; albumen equabe;
embryo subbasilar.—Species 9 or 10, chiefly Malayan. i

The species are for the most part imperfectly known. The Malayan Z. eiut

Reinw., not hitherto found in the Malayan Peninsula, has the leaflets white
beneath. `

1. Z. secunda, Grif. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 12; Palms Brf
Ind. 14, t. 177; leaflets straight concolorous acutely 3-costate mang
setulose above the middle, cost spinulose on the under face, male spac’
compact, spikes much longer than their spathes peduncled, fem. Si mg
paniculately branched, spikes tomentose, fruit clothed with $ Palms
lanceolate scales. Becc. Males. iii. 673. Calamus collinus, Grif. ^^
Brit. Ind. t. 186 (leaf only).

UPPER Assam, Mann; in the Mishmi Mts., Griffith. . the male

_A very imperfectly known species, of which Griffith describes only the leaf
spike. Mann's specimen consists of a leaflet, and young fruit ; he describes, three
as 30 ft. long ; the leaflets as 33 in. long by nearly 3 broad, coriaceous, 1 uite re
stout cost; acute on both surfaces and spinulose beneath,—Fruits receive deg to
cently at Kew from Mr. Mann are unfortunately in too broken a con in
determine their form; they appear to have been ovoid, 2 in. ? long, €n pnr
stout cone as in Eugeíssonia ; the periearp thin, clothed with spreading and TT.
ing subulate-lanceolate recurved dark brown scales 1 in. long and under ;
appearance of a succulent endocarp. Seeds (1-3?) 1-14 in. long, Ver
shape, from subglobose to hemispheric or trigonous with a convex bac d di
rounded angles, dark brown, not polished, with a deep small apical hollow vo a
the canal which extends more than half way into the dense albumen ; embry? ith
the base dorsal or sublateral, indicated externally by a circular conver
depressed margins 1 in. diam. or less.

2. Z. affinis, Griff. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist, v. 9; Palms WE and
12, t. 176, A, B, C; leaflets concolorous strongly falcate cos 8
margins not setulose, male spadix elongate, spikes small tomentos? e
exserted from the sides of their long spathes, fem. spadix compa ovoid
short interrupted spikes much shorter than their spathes, =
smooth. Beec. Males. iii. 67,

. —Dpisrs

Maracca, Grifith. PERAK, at Larut, King’s Collector (3448). p
Sumatra. der spine’
Leaves 12-13 ft. ; petiole half the length, slender, armed with long slender pout

al
leaflets fascicled, 18-20 by 23 in. ; costze slender, acute beneath. Male og E
là ft.; spathes imbricate lacerate. Spikes 3-4 in.; bracts membrano

Zalaeca.] Cam. PALMEZX. (Beccari & Hook. f.) 473

pe y 4 i ly
br acteoles nic I ate Tui L $ i H tely mammillate 3 scales close
ici D F it 21 b 1 4 1n., cuspida A ` .
imbricate sh brown. Seeds 1-3, plano-convex. — Descr. chiefly from Griffith

3

i 16; Palms Brit.
iff. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 16;
Verte eech linear-ensiform concolorous tae tony
sli htl ' faleate fem. spadix large copiously branched from La
compact, spikes densely crowded much longer than | re Tay ` frat
turbinate not spinous. Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 201, t.
Males. iii, 67.

fich. —DrsTRIB. Borneo. . . ‘uncle. Leaves
Sone a Orit tufted than in others, forming an impenetrable ji ; Spin es short,
18-20 ft. ; petiole half the length of the blade, stout, flatten subulateracuminate,
white fascicled ; leaflets equidistant, alternate, 2 ft. by the u pper surface. Spadix
tip and margins setose, costze of upper leaflets bristly on le ‘ae in pairs; bracteoles
in, crowded with cylindric spikes 6 in. long; tite mooth, aspect waxy and
Villous, ° Fruit crowded in a formless mass ; scales qui bite spongy. Seed broadly
Shining, margins denticulate, tawny greenish ; mesocarp afi ts their bristly costæ and
turbinate.— Distinguished by habit, direction of the leafle i

if iti dixes.—Descr. from
slender short white spines and crowded thyrsiform fruiting spadix
Griffith.

iji . 118, 119,
4. Z. Wallichiana, Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. A very Tong altora
136; leaflets inequidistant falcate oblong-lanceolate vin long factigiately
Setulose tips, costae naked, male and fem. spadices v Y on feait chovoid
branched, pikes very distant much shorter than their Poe im Natwurk.
shortly imbricate, scales with long reflexed points. Bece. Males. ii. 66.
Tijdshr. Ned. Ind. xxvii. (1864) 216; For. FI. ii. Aen, Mela ii a,
: edulis, Wall. Cat. n. 5000; Pl. As. Rar. iii. 14, Ew ad i0. e 175.
if. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 8; Palms i ue 13, and 15, t 178
Blume Rumphia, ii. 159. Z. macrostachya, Griff. ll. cc. 13,
» B,C; Bece. l c. 66.

: ; G and SINGAPORE.—

D BurMa, Kurz. MALACCA; at Ching, Griffith. PENAN 424
: i i i oups —,
‘Stem ants Ban on 0 Leaves 15-20 ft. ; leaflets approximate die, upper cone
tnd alternate, 2-3 ft by 11-2 in., spinuloscly ciliate with broken spirals of strong
uent ; petiole 8~10 ft. and rachis copiously armed his woolly. Spikes cylindric,
Subreflexed spines, Spadices several feet long, Spathes variously ruptured, floral
Villous, 1i-2 in. long ; flowers small, rose-cold. Spat ad
tel by tips terminating in a refloxed brits e
ing Dr more, i dccelled ; scales brown, « Epadices dimorphic, one mal d »

e, — " Or. , d. ` ` ; fld.

mt mte athe other manaciong very dec di, and icu i
4 a clus .

“out ; each bract I find to correspond to a c acteoles.”” — Beccari. `
males or neuters, and with two densely tomentose bracteo! ) is a much stouter foi m,
` macrostachya referred to JFallichiana by Beccari (m Lin, diam. In Grifith’s
ith oblanceolate leaflets and spikes 3 in. long and nea ^ the long tapering filiforin

figure of the whole plant ( Tab. 178 C) the leaves have 1

+ Wallichiana.

Vat. Hist. v. 14; Palms
5, iff. in Calc. Journ. Nat. alen ins
Brit, i "eener Grif. close set slightly es much longer than
die filiferous, male spadix much branched, spikes
e

, bearing a very
large solitary is Spain reduced to f aves spike clothed with broad
dr soli led nodding g
glabroy tary long peduncled n

8 imbricating bracts.

474 CLXIIL PALMEX, (Beccari & Hook. f.) [Zalacca.

PENANG, Lewes, Wray (2435). . .

Leaves 12-15 ft. ; petiole o) der trigonous, apparently armed with ` simple Ps
of spines on each face ; leaflets equidistant, 20-22 by 25 in., "DCS. se enus by the
the tips. Spadices much branched, less covered than usual in the SC zeg
primary spathes; branches entirely covered by loosely sheathing "P ge,
spikes slender, looking as if annulate by the broad shallow bracts, Bom. d. large,
nally, Males 3-4 in., slender, bracteoles obsolete or nearly so. ing Wray’
oblique. Ovary strigose with erect stout hairs, ovoid. Fruit (accompa y re t
specimen) globose, 1 in. diam., suddenly contracted into a columnar e al seris,
clothed (including the beak) with small very dark brown scales in se Reconeouslf
each with a short recurved setose tip, and an obtuse keel on the back.—
referred to Z. edulis in Malesia iii, 64.” —O.B.

6. Z. Beccarii, Hook. f.; leaflets strict concolorous clongate-ensiort
acuminate, tips shortly filiform, margins spinulosely setose, lack claws,
few scattered long bristles beneath, rachis with short hooke long, upper
fem. spadix very long, rachis brown woolly, lower spathes ls ech?
twice as long as the large stout spikes, fruit-scales recurved Sp!

Raneoon, McLelland. 2. mare

Leaflets apparently equidistant, 18-24 by 1} in., shining on both surfa stout,
gins with strong straight sete almost throughout their length, le beneath with
lateral slender; bristles 1-3 in. long, black; very young leaflets P ng or mor;
very long slender pale bristles on the coste. Fem. spadis 3 ft. dim bracts
lower spathe 1 ft. long; upper 4-6 in. Spikes 2} in. long, $ m. acute. Fruit
woolly ; flowers } in. long; sepals and petals subequal, broadly Ov ces and paler
(much broken) apparently small; scales pale chesnut, with broa strict leaflets
recurved spinous tips.—Very distinct from Z. Wallichiana in the long th
with long bristles, short tips, and margins armed throughout their length.

26. KORTHALSIA, Blume.

less
Scandent, spinous palms. Leaves pinnatisect; leaflets mor gellife-
cuneate or trapezoid and erose (except K. erhinometra) ; rachis (ochrea)-
rous; petiole short, sheath often produced into a large ligu bular per-
Spadiæ axillary, loosely branched, pendulous, sheathed with tu
sistent spathes; bracts membranous; bracteoles reduced to hairt -plar or
bisexual, crowded in cylindric catkin-like spikes; sepals OT lamen
oblong ; petals ovate or lanceolate, valvate; stamens 6 or more, 3-celled ;
short, anthers linear; staminodes 6 or more ; ovary imper fect! y tessellate
ovules basilar. Fruit globose or ovoid, l-seeded ; pericarp thin, lateral;
with recurved shining scales. Seed erect, top hollowed, chalaza TT pd

a
albumen ruminate; embryo ventral.—Species about 20, Indian
Malayan.

The swollen ochreæ of the first section form nidi for ants. The species
imperfectly known.

* Ochrea inflated.

are very

v
l. X. echinometra, Bece. Males. ii. 66, t. vii; ochros, Wes
elliptic-lanceolate armed with long flattened black spines, le! more or
narrowly linear-lanceolate finely acuminate mealy-white beneat
less toothed towards the tip.

PERAK, Scortechini (n. 4585). —DrsrRIB. Borneo.

Korthalsia.] CLXIII. PALMEX. (Beccari & Hook. f.) 475

Stem about 3 in. diam. Leaves flagelliferous ; leaflets opposite, 12-15 in. long,

broad, acuminate, green and shining above, 3—-4-nerved ; petiole about 20 in. ;
spines short; rachis with stout claws; sheath armed with short flattened spines
almost, enveloped by the ochrea, which is 5-6 in. long, and armed with scattered
spines 2-3 in. long.—Fower and fruit unknown.

2. K. scaphigera, Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 211; ochrea cymbi-
form lanceolate armed with short conical spines, leaflets rhomboid-obovate
or -cuneate acuminate erosely lobulate above the middle. Mig. Fl. Ind.
Bat. iii. 750; Palm. Archip. Ind. 26; Becc. Males. 67, t. 5. K. Lobbiana,
Ht. Wendl. in Bot. Zeit. xvii. 174; Miq. d. cc. K. rostrata, Blume, Rumph.
1. 168, ? Calamosagus scaphigera, Palms Brit. Ind. 30, t. 184 A; Kurz
For. Fl. i. 513. C. wallichiæfolius, Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. Ic. 211.

Marnacca, Grifith. PERAK, King’s Collector (6833, 8144).— DISTRIB.
Umatra,

Stem slender, 3-1 in. diam. Leaves 21 ft.; leaflets distant, sessile, glaucous
beneath ; sheath armed with a few scattered conieal prickles and generally split
along the back into a fibrous network; ochrea forming the upper 3, boat-shaped,
closely half embracing the next sheath ; petiole roundish, back armed with claws.—
Descr. from Griffith,

3. K. Scortechinii, Becc. mss. ; ochrea elongate armed with short

Scattered spines, leaflets linear or cuneately oblanceolate 8-10 times longer
than broad

PERAK, Scortechini,

Leaflets 14-16 by 13-2 in., alternate and subopposite, equidistant, oblanceolate,
white beneath, 5-7-nerved, acutely toothed ; sheath and ochrea (6-8 in. long) armed.
—Distinguished from Z. scaphigera by the much longer ochrea, and more numerous
narrower leaflets,

4. K. wallichizefolia, H. Wendl. in Kerchoff Palm. 248; leaflets
many broadly cuneately obovate obtusely erosely toothed as long or twice
as long as broad. Bece. Males. i. 75. Calamosagus wallichiefolius,
if. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 24; Palms Brit. Ind. t. 184. C.
harinæfolins, Grif. l. c. in text p. 29.

Matacca (fror interi rifith. .

A very liti ka be at anih describes the leaves as resembling those of
] laciniosa, but with less deep more obtuse incisions; the spadix as covered wit
8 smooth spathes with lacerate mouths; spikes (immature) a span long by $ ich
lam. 5 lateral pedicels plano-convex, bearing a long spathe about the middle, whic
hes the base of the spike; bractez broad, longer than the dense wool.

We Ochrea not inflated.

5. K. lacinio rt. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 212; leaflets rhomboid

ovate or trapezoid rine Tone as broad acutely erosely toothed, ochrea
lacerate Sparingly armed spikes tomentose. Kurz m Journ. As. Soc.

wii pl ii (1874) 207; Bece. Males. ii. 74 (excl. pl. Salangore). K. scaphi-

Ko Kurz L. c. 206 (excl. all syns.) t. 20, 21; For. FI. ii. 513 (not of Mart.).
Ca andamanensis Bece. Males. ii, 76. Calamosagus laciniosus, Grif. in
tle. Journ, Nat, Hist. v. 23, t. 1; Palms Brit. Ind. 27, t. 183.

Borwa the A
, NDAMAN and NICOBAR Isrps. . .
tem slender, } jn, diam. Leaves 2-4 ft.; leaflets subapproximate, 4-7 in. long,

terminal broadest, fugaciously white tomentose beneath; petiole lj-2 ft, with

416 CLXIII. PALMEÆ. (Beccari & Hook. f) —[Korthalsia.

straight spines ; rachis and flagellum with reversed claws. Spikes 3-4 in., tawa
tomentose, very compact ; bracts smooth, a little longer than the villous bracteoles.
Fruit } in. long, obovoid, mucronate; scales with a broadly lacerate pale ont
membranous border.—Deser. from Kurz (of his scaphigera) in For. Fi. l. c. referr
here by Beccari.

6. K. ferox, Becc. Males, ii, 73; leaflets shortly petiolulate trapezoid
about as long as broad pale beneath obtusely erosely toothed, sheath an

ochrea thickly armed especially on the petiolar side with short spines,
above fibrous-reticulate glabrous or finely scurfy.

Var. malayana, Becc. mss, ; spines of the sheath and ochreajshorter, and covering
the ventral face of the latter. "ick, Se

Var. malayana, PERAK, at Larut (Hort. Cale. 6563) ; at Gunong Tjic » Sept,
1844, Scortechini.

I have seen no specimen. The type is Bornean.

7. K. polystachya, Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 210, t. 13, t l;
leaflets cuneiform or obliquely trapezoid glaucous beneath o gi
toothed, sheath and ochrea unarmed, spikes long slender flexuous. s T
Fl. Ind. Bat. ii. 77; Becc. Males. à. 74. Calamosagus polystae dm
Griff. ez Mart. Le 211. C. ochriger, Grif. Palms Brit. Ind. p. x. e ^^

D D

Matacca, Griffith. . 72 ft

Stem very slender, about } in. diam., including the sheaths.* Leaves mae ously
including the flagellum, subsessile ; leaflets 10-12, irregularly alternate, OT E
woolly, shortly petiolulate, 6 by 3 in. ; rachis and flagellum armed with claws, Late
rusty-pubescent; ochrea short, truncate. Spadices from the terminal axils, hor á
forming a panicle 3-34 ft. long, clothed with long closely appressed spathes ; as wit
a span to a foot long. Spikes 5-7 in.; peduncle with a tertiary eate TM
bracts empty ; upper broad, 1-fld., and filled with stout wool.— Descr. from UTE,

Si ochriger. Beccari thinks that Kurz is mistaken in uniting this with K. "9
ume,

8. X. tenuissima, Becc. Males. ii. 275; very slender, leaflets 93
obovate or oblanceolate acuminate subacutely toothed pale beneath, 8

sparingly armed, ochrea unarmed, spikes few, spathes tubular 9"
dilated above. '

MALAY PENINSULA ; Perak, at Larut, King’s Collector (4057). iole
Leaves with a very slender petiole ; leaflets 1-4 in. long by 1-14 broad; pum

very short, base callous swollen. Spik d H from the
exceeding the calyx. pikes apparently g

al.

9. K. flagellaris, Mig. in Journ. Bot. Neerl. 15; Fl. Ind. Ee
Suppl. 255, 591; leaflets numerous narrow elongate-cuneate rusty P

cent beneath acutely erosely toothed, sheath armed dorsally unarmet p,

the petiolar side, ochrea ‘armed only ventrally, spikes tomentose. ad

angustifolia, Mig. Palm. Archip. Ind. 15, 26 (excl. sp. from Borneo 8
var. 8) (not of Blume).

Hr

( SD). PENINSULA; Perak, Scortechini ; at Assam Kumbung;
n. 3127).

D ee E
Resembles in the form of its leaflets and their colouring beneath Z. rubigino® >

which has longer straighter less cuneate leaflets with short not subulate teeth.

Fe

Ceratolobus.] om. PALMER. (Beccari & Hook. f.) 477

27. CERATOLOBUS, Blume.

Palms with the habit and foliage of Korthalsia, but with flagelliferous
leaves. Spadiz very slender, loosely panicled; branches filiform ; peduncle
very long, pendulous, prickly, usually adnate to the sheath of the leaf
opposite; spathe small, solitary, membranous, narrow, flattened, beaked,
at length split down the ventral face; flowers polygamous, in pairs, the
Upper ebracteate, the lower bracteate and bracteolate. Male Jt. Calyx
small, 3-fid; lobes triangular, valvate; stamens 6, on the bases of the
petals, anthers linear; pistillode minute. Fem. f. Calyx of the male;
corolla 3-fid, valvate; ovary ovoid; ovules 3, basilar, erect. Fruit small,
l-celled, 1-seeded, pericarp as in Korthalsia, Seed globose, erect; testa
fleshy ; albumen ruminate ; embryo basilar.—Species Malayan.

1. c. levigatus, Bece. mss. ; leaflets in inequidistant groups of 2-3
pairs narrowly linear- or ob- lanceolate acuminate suddenly contracted into
à long straight point naked on both suríaces and margins, spadix shortly
peduncled, fruit spherical broadly beaked. Calamus levigatus, Mart. Hist.
Nat. Palm. iii. 339; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 199. Calami sp. Griff. in Calc.
Journ, Nat. Hist. v. 72, & Palms Brit. Ind. 72 (last 5 lines).

PERAK, King’s Collector (575, 971, 5916) ; on Waterfall hill, Wray (2919).

Stem 15-20 ft., about 4 in. diam. Leaves 18-30 ft.; leaflets concolorous, dark
Breen, 5~9 by 4-3 in., thin ; rachis slender, sparsely armed with solitary recurved
Spines ; petiole very short, base tumid; sheath strongly ribbed, armed with scattered
Simple flattened spines. Spadix 4-8 in., very shortly peduncled, erect, narrow;

ranches slender, sparsely pubescent. Spathe 6-10 in., linear-lanceolate, coriaceous,
smooth, Male Jl. sessile, subglobose, 4; in. diam. ; calyx cupular, 3-lobed and broad
petals and bracteoles deeply grooved. Fruit brown, subglobose or ovoid, narrowed

4 broad conical beak; scales obscurely channelled. Seed obtusely tubercled.

ruting calyx as in the male, but petais much narrower and longer.
"LS angustifolia, Becc. mss. ; more slender, leaflets narrower gradually produced
into a slender point, median costa setulose, spathe 4 in. long, much thinner and spadix
much smaller, probably a different species. Perak; King’s Collector (1879).

2.6. Kingianus, Becc. mss. ; leaflets few large cuneately rhomboid
oF trapezoid, lobed and toothed in the upper half deeply plicate pale be-
heath, spadix sessile, fruit spherical shortly broadly beaked.

PERAK, Hullett (Herb. Calc. 2547, 2856, 5589) ; Wray (2869). .

Stem 20-25 ft., about 14 in. diam. Leaves 3-4 ft.; leaflets 6-9 by 3-4 in.,

Ower half triangular-euneate ; rachis stout armed with short solitary and 2-5-fid.
Claws ; petiole 6-8 in., more or less muricate and armed with scattered short simple
and Compound spines; sheath transversely muricately ridged, unarmed, young
8 Ite furfuraceous, Spadir 8-10 in., erect, narrow ; branches short, glabrous.
Pathe 8-12 in., elongate-oblong, flat, thinly coriaceous, quite smooth. Male fl.
sessile, about iy in. long narrowly oblong ; calyx minute, cupular ; petals narrow
aree as long, both deeply grooved. Fruit 2-4 in. diam., brown, scales hardly
“unelled, Seed nearly smooth. Fruiting calyz minute; petals broadly ovate.

28. PLECTOCOMIA, Mart.

Scandent mo : : 1 t long. Leaves flagelli-
nocarpic spinous palms, stem very g
ferons ; leaflets linear lanceolate, Spadie simply branched; branches
ong, pendulous, clothed with closely imbricating distichous inflated
"aceous persistent spathels which conceal the spicate dicecious flowers.

478 otemt, PALMER. (Beccari & Hook. f.) ` [Plectocomia,

; bracteoles
ikelets short, male many-fld., fem. shorter few-fld.; bracts and
See Male fl. Calyx cupular, 3-toothed ; petals lanceolate, Wie
stamens 6-12, filaments cuneate below, anthers linear. Fom, Ü Ovary
perianth accrescent; corolla 3-fid, lobes valvate; stamino es o Ka
3-celled; ovules basilar. Fruit globose, 1- rarely 3-seeded, beaked ; p able
thin, tessellated with reflexed sbining scales. Seed erect; albumen eq
embryo basilar.—Species 6 or 7, Himalayan and Malayan.

1. P. khasyana, Griff. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 106; Palme Brr
Ind. 106, t. 218; leaflets strongly 3-costate finely furfuraceous enoa ntos,
not filiferous, rachis of spadix glabrate, of spikelets WEE
spathels rusty-puberulous, male petals à in. long elongato- í Mart.
fruit-scales ciliate and with deciduous recurved fimbriate P 5 Q5 (eel
Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 199. P. assamica, Hook. Bot. Mag. t.
8yn.).

t. 4-5000 ft., Griffith, &e. ;

Sten 60-00 ns p^ thick as the Fi Leaves 30 ft. including the feo ort
leaflets 8-16 by 2-3 in., broadly lanceolate; rachis armed beneath M long by 2 ft
digitate spines. Male spadix branched from the base ; branches 2 "ener. acute or
across the spathels, which are 14 in. long, oblong, white with broa m many Ad.
acuminate tips and a broad brown interposed band. Spikelets l m.,
Stamens 8-12. Fruit 1-11 in. diam., globose, abrubtly beaked.

. . Palms
2. P. himalayana, Grif. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 1005 0 s
Brit. Ind. 108, t. 218; leaflets concolorous tips filiform, iate tips
spikelets scurfily tomentose, male petals } in, fruit-scales Journ. Lint
appressed. Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. ii. 129; T. Anders. in
oc. xi. 12. P. montana, Herb. Ind. Or. Hook. f. & Thoms.
SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 4-7000 ft. -16 b
Stem 1 in. diam. Leaves 6-8 ft. including the flagellum ; weie, arm d
1-1} in., with 5 slender costo, margins aculeolate, rachis scurfy and tubular scurly,
with recurved claws; petiole unarmed or margins spiny ; sheath inches CL?
spines whorled. Spathes conduplicate, seurfy. Spadices erect; Cal. z (male and
drooping ; spathels 1-2 in., rhomboid, acute; spikelets 3-7 fd. Aen, depressed
fem.) cupular, 3-toothed, petals ovate-lanceolate. Fruit $ in. diam.
globose; scales very small.

neath,
3. P. Griffithii, Becc. mss.; very stout, leaflets glancons ned y
spathels glabrous or scurfy towards the tips, male spikelets ed D elon-
sessile, fem. fl. pedicelled, scales of fruit fimbriate and toot ` “Ind. 105
gata, Griff. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 96; Palms Bri.
t. 217 A, B, C (not of Blume).
MALACCA, Griffith. e
A gigantic ee Stem as thick as a man's leg. Leaves with the flagellum
about 20 ft.; leaflets distant, 2-3 ft. by 2-3 in., decurved ; rachis ^ Sp
armed as in other species, Spadiw very large, branches many, " ee
3 in. broad. Fruits 8-5 in each spathel, “size of a carbine bulle "fem. $
Allied to P. elongata, diflering in the more numerous flowers of e have see
and by the much smaller fruit, the scales of which are not- striated.—
Specimen. J.D.H, oi. pte it
4. P. macrostachya, Kurz in Journ. Beng. As. Soe. A spadi
207, t. 16,17; For. Fl. ii. 514; leaflets white beneath, rachis rs 8 ortly
scurfy, spathels acute glabrous, male spikelets scurfy, flowe
pedicelled, margins of calyx-teeth densely tomentose.
TENASSERIM ; on the Bithoko hills, alt. 3000 ft., Kurz, Brandis.

Plectocomia.] CLXII. PALMES. (Beccari & Hook. f.) | 419

A lofty climber. Leaflets approaching in pairs, 12-18 in. long, linear-lanceolate,
finely acuminate ; petiole and rachis spinous, spines straight. Branches of spadi«
4-5 ft.; spathels 13-2 in. long, blackish towards the upper border. Fruit unknown.
—I have seen no specimen. J.D.H.

5. P. assamica, Grif. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 97 ; Palms Brit.
Ind. 107, t. 218 a.a.; leaflets white and finely furfuraceous beneath, tip not
thread like, costz slender, branches of fruiting spadix very stout scurfy,
spathels 25 in. long, sepals broadly ovate + in. long, petals lanceolate } in.
long, fruit villous from the deeply ciliate split recurved points of the scales.
Mart. Hist, Nat. Palm. iii. 199, t. 176, f. 11.

Assam; Hort. Bot. Cale. .
Leaves very large; leaflets 18-24 by 2-24 in. lateral cost» marginal; petiole
1} in. broad, with short stout marginal spines and short seriate scattered clusters of
more slender dorsal ones. Branches of fruiting spadix 4-5 ft. long by 4-5 in. across the
large subacute nearly glabrous spathels ; rachis rusty tomentose. Spikelets 8-10 fld.
ale calys cupular, 3-toothed ; petals lanceolate, 3—4 in. long. Fruiting sepals
roadly ovate, 3 in, long; petals lanceolate, 4 in. Fruit 1 in. diam., bright rusty red.
—A mutilated spadix-branch of this or a nearly allied species, sent by the late Major
annay from Debraghur to the Calcutta Gardens, has narrower spathels, brown
mealy externally, ovate-lanceolate fem. sepals 4 in. long and petals narrowly lanceo-

1 in. long ; the very young fruit is clothed with recurved lacerate scales.

6. P. elongata, Mart. in Roem. d Sch. Syst. vii. 1833; Hist Nat.
Palm, 199, t. 114 and 116, f. 1; leaflets sparsely white furfuraceous beneath
P not filiferous, coste 3 very slender, branches of spadix very long,
spathels lj in. sub-3-lobed acute glabrous, flowers very small, calyx of
male minute 3-toothed, petals 4 in. obliquely oblong-ovate acute, calyx of
em. larger urceolate 3-toothed, petals small linear-lanceolate, fruit 1 in.
diam., densely villous from the long lacerate spreading tips of the scales.
Kuni Enum. iii. 202 ; Blume, Rumphia, iii. 68, t. 158 and 103 A. Calamus
maximus, Reinw, ex Blume Cat. Hort. Bogor. 59.

PENANG, Jack, Wallich; alt. 2500 ft., Curtis.—DisTRIB. Sumatra, Java.

by Leaves very large; petiole stout; leaflets 1-1} ft. by 2 in. broad, rather mem-
R nous, lateral costa marginal. Branches of spadiz 3-4 ft., 2-3 in. across the
Preading spathels, which have acutely angled sides.

29. PLECTOCOMIOPSIS, Becc. mss.

l Characters of Plectocomia, but upper leaves reduced to sheaths with
ong flagella and no leaflets, spathels small, infundibular, and fruit clothed
very minute almost microscopic scales, arranged in vertical series.

Beed globose, smooth; albumen equable; embryo basilar.—Species 3,
an.

Malay

l. P, geminiflorus, Becc. mss.; leaves subsessile, leaflets very
pen aud narrow equidistant finely acuminate, spadices with long
SI ene Spikes, the lower branched, spikelets very short 2-3-fld., fruit
e Urbinate with more than 35 rows of minute scales. Calamus gemini-
199 4° Griff. ex Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. ii. 338; Palms Brit. Ind. 70, t.

` tlectocomia geminiflora, H. Wen ll. mss.

Matay PENINSULA, ; Malacca, Fernandez; Perak, Scortechini (No. 283").

480 otemt, PALMES. (Beccari & Hook. f.) [Plectocomiopsis.

slender, attaining 80 ft. Sheaths striate, sparsely prickly, uppermost Uu».
armed. Leaves 6-10 ft leaflets 5-10 by $ in., finely acuminate, keel end
bristly above, smooth beneath. Spadices many, from the uppermost | a ndu-
which bear a simple armed flagellum and no leaflets; lower 4—5 in., We : a hes of
lous spikes each 6-8 in. long. Spa£hes short, tubular, like the secon wy KZ,
Calamus, Spikes flexuous, rusty-pubescent; flowers 2-bracteolate, s brown, with
minute, inner auricular. Fruit immature; pericarp spongy; scales brown,
whitish fimbriate margins.

2. P. Wrayii, Bece. mss. ; leaves petioled, fruit globosely ovoid shortly
narrowed at the top with about 23 rows of scales. "-

Matay PENINSULA; Perak, Wray (24219); Herb. Hort. Calcutt. ( !
3447 d). . :

VS near P. geminiflorus ; distinguished by the longer petiole and fruit.

3. P. paradoxus, Becc. mss.; leaves shortly petioled, leafleta SC
late scattered in distant pairs shortly acuminate, spadices, poor
decompound, spathels tubular, male spikelets exserted "mr 30; For.
paradoxus, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. xliii. (1874) ii. 219, t. 24 ONS
Flor. ii. 521.

MARTABAN, Kurz. in,

Stem with the sheaths 1-2 in. diam. Leaves 5-7 ft.; leaflets 1-13 fe M oil
in alternate pairs, thin, obscurely remotely appressedly ciliolate ; n 10 smooth,
sheath with pectinate spines; flagellum very long. Spathes tnbu A stichously
obliquely truncate and acuminate; spathels similar, but much smaller,
imbricated ; bracts spreading, glabrous, Fem. fl. and fruit unknown.

30. MYRIALEPIS, Bece. mss.

Characters as far as known of Plectocomiopsis, but the ange
of the fruit are disposed without order.—Species 2, a Bornea
following.

scales
the

M. Scortechinl, Bece. mss.

Matay PENINSUIA ; Perak, Scortechini (n. 4579).

Leaves unknown, Fem. fi. solitary in the spathels; calyx 3-lobed ; ¢ rp between
longer. Fruit globose; scales acuminate, tips not recurved ; meters from the
spongy and corky. Seed globose; albumen horny, equable.—Di rer jii. in
Bornean species (M. triqueter, Becc., Calamus triqueter, Becc., Malesia,

: are very
the obtusely angled trigonous sparsely spinous leaf-sheaths. The specimens
impertect.

orolla rather

31. EUGBISSONIA, Grif.

Tufted monocarpic spinous palms. Leaves pinnatisect; leat
late; rachis armed, not flagelliferous. Spadix terminal, erect, hes eret
clothed below with reduced flagelliferous leaf-sheaths ; brane ad brat-
clothed with subdistichous obtuse spathes passing into braots al Male
teoles. Flowers large, coriaceous, solitary or 2-3-nate, eur i
f. calyx cupular, 3-fid; petals elongate-lanceolate, pungent erian
stamens about 12, anthers elongate, basifixed. Fem. fi. larger ahnscerte
accrescent; calyx of the male ; petals with a dilated base an Fruit 0 i
crest of hairs; ovary oblong, 3-celled, stigmas flattened. les minute;
narrowed into a very broad obtuse beak, l-celled, 1-seeded, b es embry?
endocarp osseous. Seed ovoid, 6-12-grooved; albumen equabte;

. basilar.—Species about 6, Malayan.

ets lanceo-
h yrsiform,

valvate D

Eugeissmia.] ` cxi. parmeæ. (Beccari & Hook. f.) 481

E. tristis, Grif. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 101; Palms Brit. Ind.
109, t. 220 A ; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 212, t. 179, 180; Bece. in Nuov.
Giorn. Bot. Ital. iii. 98.

MALAY PRNINSULA and PENANG, Griffith, &c.

Stems densely tufted, very short or 0. Leaves 15-20 ft. ; leaflets many, 2-2 ft.,
harrow-lanceolate, subulate, acuminate, midrib bristly above; petiole 7-10 ft.,
armed with flat brown spines. Spadix 4-6 ft., sheaths and spathes armed; flowers
l-14 in. long, terminal on the flexuous branches of the spadix ; bracts many, closely
mbricating. Fruit the size of a hen's egg, beak clothed to the tip with scales.

32. METROXYLON, Rottb.

Stout monocarpie palms. Leaves equally pinnatisect, leaflets opposite.
Spadiz very large, panicled, clothed with coriaceous spinous spathes ;
spikes Sessile, catkin-like, short, distichous, recurved; bracts broader than
ong, bracteoles cupular. Flowers polygamous, densely crowded; perianth
coriaceous. Male fl. calyx 3-fid, funnel-shaped, nerved ; corolla segments
oblong, valvate; stamens 6, anthers dorsifixed ; pistillode 3-partite. Fem.
Du ike the males, perianth hardly accrescent ; staminodes a membranous
Zb: ovary oblong, retrorsely scaly, imperfectly 3-celled; style conie,

toothed, ovules 3, basilar. Fruit ellipsoid or subglobose, 1-celled,

» pericarp tessellate with reversed scales; endocarp spongy. . Seed

tel, subglobose, rough ; albumen ruminate ; embryo ventral. Species 6?
yan and Pacific.

lw. Sagus, Rottb. in Nye Saml. K. Dansk. Vid. Skrift. ii. 527 ;

Ze unarmed. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. ii. 147; Becc. in Nuov. Giorn.

ln Tal. ii. 99, M. inermis, Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 215. Sagus

Cal Rumph. Herb. Amb. i. 76; Blume Rwmphia, ii. 147, t. 86; Griff. in

Sen t. Nat. Hist. v. 20; Palms Brit. Ind. 24 (not t. 188). S.

Weit Blume l. c.t. 126, 227. PS. Koenigi, Griff. /l. cc. 19 and 22,
| S. inermis, Boch, Fi. Ind. iii. 623.

ALACCA (wild or cult. &c.— DisTRIB. Malay Islds.

a nk aboni 20 ft. with Pelt anal offshoots, as stout as that of the cocoa-nut,
malate, clothed above with old leaf sheaths. Leaves as in the cocoa-nut, but
ant ects unarmed ; leaflets linear, acute, keeled, smooth. Infl. appearing when tho

Spik bout twenty years old. Spadices several, terminal, alternately branche A

Cum 5-8 in. Flowers minute, sunk in rusty wool, hardly larger than a grain of

&p wie Seed, bisexual. Fruit (takes three years to mature) globose, size of a smal

to queles shining, channelled.—Desc. from Jack in Mal. Misc., but accor ling

Sago Pale the Indian Metroxylon bears no resemblance to a Cocoa-nut Palm.—

. M. Rumphi Jat. Hist. Palm. iii. 213, 313, t. 102, 159 ;
Pathes armed with log anion Mig. Fl. Ind. But. iii. 140; Becc. in Nuov.
ve bet Ital. iii. 30; Malesia, i. 91, Sagus Rumphii, Willd. Sp. Pl iv.
uif ; Roxb, F], Ind. iii. 623. S. genuina, Blume Rumphia, i. 150. S. fari-
we Gærtn, ii, 186, t. 120, f, 3.— Rumph. Herb. Amb. i. 75, t. 17, 18.

Matacoa ( i

wild or cult.),—DistrtB. Malay Islds. ,

of ua * appears to be de confusion in the synonymy of the two common d that

X Si genus, and that here given may be open to correction. Beccari states that
“mphii is much less cultivated than M. Sagus.

33. BORASSUS, Linn.

A tery tall diceeious palm; trunk stout, unarmed. Leaves terminal,
OL. vr, i

482 CLXII PALMEZ. (Beccari & Hook. f.) [ Borassue.

fan-shaped, plicately multifid; petiole spinous, ligule short. Spadices very
large, simply branched; peduncle sheathed with open spathes, males T.
stout cylindrie branches that are densely clothed with closely imbrioes ing
bracts, enclosing spikelets of flowers which hence appear as if su SC
cavities of the branch; fem. spadix sparingly branched, bearing tew
scattered solitary flowers. Male fl. small, mixed with scaly bracts, ge
in two series in a small spikelet, and protruding one by one from
cavities of the branch of the spadix, as the rachis of the spikelet elonga vi ;
perianth glumaceous; sepals 3, narrowly cuneate, tip inflexed icr.
imbricate; petals shorter than the sepals, obovate-spathulate, im n
stamens 6, anthers subsessile large oblong ; pistillodes of 3 bristles. F- ies
f. larger, globose; perianth fleshy greatly accrescent; sepals We peu
imbricate; petals smaller, convolute ; staminodes 6-9 ; ovary globose, deg
trigonous, entire or 3-4-partite, 3-4-celled ; stigmas 3, sessile recur éi
ovules basilar, erect. Fruit a large subglobose drupe with Page
fibrous pyrenes; pericarp thinly fleshy, stigmas terminal. Seeds M Tw.
top 3-lobed; testa adherent to the pyrene; albumen equable hollow;
embryo subapical.

B. flabellifer, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1187 ; B. flabelliformis, Murr. Syst, BE
xiii 827; Roxb, Cor. Pl.i.50, t. 71, 72; Fl. Ind. iti. 790; Grif. No "n
167; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. ii. 221, t. 108, 121, 162; Kunt Dem d
222; Thw. Enum. 329; Brand. For. Fl. 544; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 529; ©
Rumph. ii. 88; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 45. B. dichotomus, White m tics,
Cat. Bomb. Pl. 226. B. sthiopum, Mart. Lc. 221. Lontanus doris,
Rumph. Herb. Amb. i. t. 10. Ham. in Mern. Wern. Soc. v. 314;
F'ruct. i. 21, t. 8.—Hheede Hort. Mal. i. t. 9, 10. d

Cultivated throughout the plains of Ixpra, Burma and Cxyion.—DIsTas
Malaya; Afr. trop. . Leaves

Trunk 60-70 ft., very rarely branching, often swollen above the middle, linear,
6-10 ft. diam., palmately fan-shaped, rigidly coriaceous; segments 2-4 ft, siou
2-fid, margins spinulose. Spadiz male and fem. several feet long and very
Male fi. small ; fem. 1 in. diam. Drupe broadly obovoid, brown, 8 in. diam.

34. COCOS, Linn.

v.

Unarmed, moneecious palms. Leaves pinnatisect ; leaflets pearing
Spadix erect, at length drooping, simply panicled; branches males
scattered fem. fl., often between 2 males towards their bases ane practs
above. Spathes 2 or more, lower short, upper fusiform or clavate; val-
various; perianth coriaceous. Male fl. unsymmetric; sepals sma nthers
vate; petals oblong, acute, valvate; stamens 6, filaments subulate; pen
linear, erect; pistillode minute or 0. Fem. fl. usually much larger, volute
perianth greatly accrescent ; sepals imbricate; petals shorter, convoy i
with imbricate tips; disk annular or O ; ovary 3-celled, usually i ovoid,
style short, stigmas recurved; ovules subbasilar.. Fruit largo, endo-
terete or trigonous, 1-seeded, style terminal; pericarp thick, brow * Sed
carp bony or stony, with 3 basal pores, the remains of the 3 oe ;
cohering with the endocarp; albumen solid or hollow, or merely 7) is
the endocarp with a thick hard coat; embryo opposite one pore
about 30, all American, one of them cosmopolitan in the tropics.

"T 193.
C. nucifera, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1188; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. LS
t. 62, 75, 88; Kunth ‘Enum. iii, 285; Roxb. Cor. Pl.i. 92, t. 73; Fi. Ind.

Cocos.) CLXIIL PALMEÆ®. (Beccari & Hook. f.) 483

614; Thw. Enum. 330: Brand. For. Fl. 556; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 540; Blume
Rumph. iii. 82; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 64; Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. (1850), t. 1.
C. nana, Griff. Notul. ii, 166.—Rheede Hort. Mal. i. t. 1-4.

Cultivated in the hot damp regions of India, Burma, and Ceylon, especially
near the gea (indigenous in the Cocos Isld. and N. Andaman, Kurz).—DiSTRIB.
All tropical shores.

Trunk 40-80 ft., flexuous, annulate, base thickened. Leares 12-18 ft.; leaflets

ft., coriaceous, flaccid ; petiole 3—5 ft. stout. Spadiv 4—6 ft., branches flexuous ;
lower spathe 2-3 ft., oblong, hard, splitting lengthwise; male fl. small; fem. 1 in.
long, 2-bracteolate, disk annular. Drupe 4-10 in. long, trigonously obovoid or sub-
Eise, green or yellowish ; albumen lining the endocarp. C. nana is a small low
var. grown in the Maldive Islds. and Ceylon.

ADDENDUM TO PALMS.
R TEYSMANNTA ALTIFRONS, Reichb. f. & Zoll. in Linnea xxviii. 657 ; Mig. Fl. Ind,
at. iii. 749. Mr, Ridley (Singapore) informs that this noble Sumatran Palm is
also a native of the Malay Peninsula. The genus is of doubtful affinity, but most
Provably belongs to the Tribe Corypheg. It may be recognized by its almost
stemless habit, and enormous erect elongate-rhomhic plaited leaves.

Order CLXIV. PANDANEIZE.

Small dicecious trees or shrubs, often scandent with aerial roots. Leaves

ere Y trifarious, narrow, acuminate, coriaceous, margins and keel usuall
p mously toothed. Spadices axillary or terminal, simple or branchec ;
rt othed with leafy spathes; flowers small, crowded on a catkin-like spadix
a branches, bracts and bracteoles 0. Perianth 0. Male Jl. stamens
at’ filaments free or connate; anthers erect, basifixed ; pistillode 0 or
those em, fl. staminodes O or small ; ovary ]-celled, free or connate with
and of contiguous flowers; stigmas subsessile, papillose; ovules solitary
e Suberect, or many and parietal. Fruita globose oblong mass of free
"onnate 1-20 -celled woody or fleshy angular drupes. Seeds minute, testa

» albumen hard fleshy ; embryo minute.
Zi erect or Prostrate. Staminodes in fem. fl. 0. Carpels1l-ovuled. 1. PANDANUS.

Stem usually elin t:
y climbing. i d .fl.h nous, Car-
many-ovuled © 8 taminodes of fem . PUE . « « . 2. FREYXCINETIA,

1l. PANDANUS, Linn. f.

ang tatacters as above.—Species numerous, all tropical, chiefly Mascarene

Malayan,

of ie compelled to be brief with the characters of the Indian species, very few
à are fully described ; and of the Malayan especially, the available specimens

Which aprattisfactory. I omit many usually cited references, and some synonyins

much +) Pe? to me to be doubtful, and am by no means confident as to the value of
that remains, ,

`
Carpels not united in groups.

medie - Of free stamens with very short filaments. Drupes with a
‘dal crown produced into a straight or curved spinescent style.

ty}! fetidus, Roxb, F7. Ind. iii, 742; shrubby, leaves 46 tt. by

solitar, » Strongly spinous-toothed, anthers very long slender, fruit sub-

Y oblong or subglobose, crown of drupes smooth or nearly 80. Kunth
112

484 OLXIV. PANDANEX. (Hook. f.) [ Pandanus.

Enum. iii. 98; Kurz in Seem. Journ. Bot. v. (1867) 101, t. 62, f. 4, 5, ô;
& For. Fl. ii. 506; Solms in Linnea, xlii. (1878) 8. Frisquetia macrocarpa,
Gaud. Voy. Bonite Bot. t. iv. f. 2-8.—Pandan. Wall. Cat. 8591.

Assam and the KnAsrIA HILLS, and Eastwards to BURMA. The Concan? p

A densely branched shrub. Leaves with large strongly incurved usually i8-
tant marginal spinules. Spathes pale yellow. Anther 4-5 in. long. Fruit very
variable in size, from a hen’s egg to a man’s fist, red when ripe.

2. P. caricosus, Spreng. Syst. iii. 897; shrubby, leaves 5-8 ft by
2-91 in. spinulose-toothed, spinules minute white, anthers very ‘ong
slender, fruits spicate subglobose obovoid or broadly oblong, yen e
drupes muricate. Kunth Enum. iii. 98; Hassk. in Flora, 1842, n. Be Tat
& Cat. Hort. Bogor. 60; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 163, & Ann. Mus. Lugd. As
ii. 54; Kurz in Seem. Journ. Bot. v. (1867) 100, t. 62, f. 1-3 & im Journ. a
Soc. Beng. xxxviii. ii. (1869) 146, in Flora (1869) 450 ; Solms in i
xlii. (1878) 7; Carriere in Rev. Hortic. (1878) 405, with ic. of male spam.
P. atrocarpus, Griff. Notul. iii. 160.

Maracca, Griffith —DistR1B. Malay Islds. . thes

Apparently closely allied to fetidus, and like it with fotid yellow KEE
differing in the spicate dark coloured or even blackish fruits and muricata cr ir.
ofthe drupes. I have seen no specimens. I do not cite Rumph. Herb. r being
154, though it is the authority for the species, the description and plate no
sufficiently explicit. Nor are others of the authorities cited quite dependable.

** Male fl. of many anthers umbellate on the connate filaments. Drupes
with a low crown and subulate or flattened simple or forked stigma.

3. P. furcatus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 744; arboreous, leaves 15-20 y
subglaucous beneath spinously toothed, spines curved, fruits eolitary
racemed ellipsoid or oblong, drupes obconic crown convex, style very $ 0:
flattened entire or 2-3-fid. Spreng. Syst. iii. 898; Kunth Enum. Is in
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 162, t. 37 male 8.; Hassk. Pl. Jav. Rar. 163; Kileo
Seem. Journ. Bot. v. (1867) 109, in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxxvi. n. (

Rev. Hortic. 1879, 290, with fig., and 1881, 174. P. crassipes, Wall set
P. caricosus, Mig. Analect. Ind. ii. 16. P. spinifructus, Dennst. » Wet.
Hort. Malab. 23. Ryckia furcata, De Vriese in Verhandl. Kl. An arrotia
(1854); in Tuinb. FU. i. 161, & in Hook. Kew Journ. vi. (1854) 268. ena,
diodon, Gaud. Voy. Bonite Bot. t. xiii. £. 15-24.—Pandan. Wall. Cat.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt, 2-5000 ft. J.D.H. Assam, Kasra and Nn m
and SILHET, alt. 0-4000 ft., Cairracone and Burma.—DisrRis. Malay Is or leg,

Stem 30—40 ft., with aerial roots towards the base, as thick as the Te i-
sparingly dichotomously branched above. Leaves 4 in. broad, marginal Zoe very
in. long, flattened, lower curved. Spathes inodorous, 14-2 ft., golden Ur Panthers,
coriaceous. Stamens 8-14, filaments united in a fleshy tube longer than Um size re
tips free or variously cohering. Fruit 6-9 in. long or less, very variable 9 C urra
brown. Drupes rather fleshy, $-6-angled ; style shining. — In specimens pi
in the Khasia and from Sikkim, the column of filaments is much broader a?
portion is much shorter than in those from Silhet.

ted
4. P. ceylanicus, Solms in Linnea, xlii. (1878) 16; stems alto rs
very slender, leaves elongate margins with strong recurved spines, oblong:
very short crowded on a very short fleshy tube, fruit broadly
crown conical narrowed into a nearly straight spinescent style
the tip. P. furcatus, Thw. Enum. 327. .

Pandanus.] OLXIV. PANDANEE, (Hook. f.) 485

CEYLON, Thwaites.

According to a photograph of this plant as growing in the Ceylon Botanical
Gardens, it has the habit of P. furcatus but with a much more slender stem, more
erect branches, and narrower leaves. Inthe dried specimens, the spathes are much
smaller, with long slender tips, the anthers much shorter, and the combined filaments
very short. The fruit resembles P. fætidus, but the anthers are very different, about

to in. long.

5. P. minor, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 8592 ; dwarf, stem prostrate slender,
leaves ensiform flat margins spinulose tips abruptly caudate, spathes
navicular apiculate, filaments in palmate clusters, anthers minute, fruit
solitary broadly oblong, drupes smooth, crown hemispheric with a small
concave central claw-like style. Solms in Linnea, xlii. (1878) 18. P. unguifer,
Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 6347.
nd hot valleys of the SIKKIM HIMALAYA, ASSAM, SiLHET, CHITTAGONG and

v.

Stem 2-3 ft., as thick as the thumb. Leaves subdistichous, 18-24 by 1-2 in.,

cid, marginal spines distant. Fruit shortly peduncled, as large as the fist,
yellow. Drupes obovoidly clavate, very smooth; style red.—In young fruit, the
style is flattened and often forked, much as in P. furcatus. Male fl. unknown.

."* Carpels connate in groups. Stigmas sessile, peltate or reniform.
ments connate, anthers apiculate or aristate.

à 6. P, fascicularis, Lam. Encycl. 372, t. i.; shrubby, rarely erect,
ensely branched with copious aerial roots, leaves 3-5 ensiform caudate-
acuminate, margin with ascending spinules, anthers interruptedly spicate,
it large drupes obconic. Kunth Enum. iii. 98; Solms in Linnea, xlii.
kang) 99. P. odoratissimus, Rowb. Cor. Pl. i. 65, t. 94-96 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 738 ;
"MÀ l. c. 94, excl. some syn.; Grif. Notul. iii. 159: Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 174;
po For. Fl.ii. 508 ; Presl. Epimel. 239. P. Candelabrum, Kurz in Journ.
P v. (1867) 197 [non Beauv.]. P. odoratus, Salisb. Prodr. 3. P. verus,
“rz in Seem. Journ. Bot. v. (1867) 125, in Flora, 1869, 453. P. Rheedii,
woud, Yoy. Bonite, Bot. t. 22, f. 12. P.leucacanthus, Hassk. in Flora, 1842,
u, Pei. 14.—Pandanus, Wall. Cat. 8590. Hasskarlia leucacantha,
“p. Ann. i. 753,—Rheede Hort. Mal. ii. t. 1-8.
Dis troughout the hotter moister parts of INDIA, and much planted for fences.—
RIB. MALAY Let ns and Mauritius, China, Polynesia. .
em sometimes erect and 10-12 ft., usually much lower and branching from the
Guy et drooping, glossy green. Spathes white, fragrant. Fruit 6-8 in.
ery T nge yellow or brown. Drupes confluent in groups of 5-20 rarely fewer,
ird 3; 14-2 in. long, top rounded or sublobate with a depressed centre bearing
. Dressed small variously lobulate stigma.—I have given only a selection of the
Vidal F and synonyms of this widely diffused species. The P. odoratissimus of
aud oh l. Forest. Filip. Atlas xlii, t. 95 A appears to differ in the very small E
aad es nse anthers, Possibly some of the plates of Rheede’s “ Perin Khaida Taddi,
the p retially t. 8, may belong to a different species, its carpels are all free ; it is
"""Ppapillatus of Dennst. Schluess. Hort. Mal. 23.

7 P.andama . ud
nensium, Kurz. in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxxviu.
429) 48; in Flora 1869, 452. For. Flor. iii. 507 ; trunk 60-70 ft. as thick

it duman body, leaves 15-18 ft. by 4-5 in., marginal spines slender,
bliq wä large globose, drupes with a flat or depressed crown and an
lii, d lamelliform depressed style pungent when dry. Solms in Linnea,

878) 59. p. Leram, Kurz in Seem. Journ. Bot. v. (1867) 105.

AMAN Isrps, Kurz.
Habit of a gigantic P. furcutus; fruit as large as the human head or smaller,

486 CLXIV. PANDANEX. (Hook. f.) [Pandanus.

orange yellow. Drupes 24-3 in. long, usually in groups of 3-5 in. one series but
often more, epicarp fleshy.—Descr. from Kurz.

IMPERFECTLY KNOWN AND UNDESCRIBED SPECIES.

1. P. Apps, Hort. ew Steud. Nom. Ed. 2, ii. 251.—‘ Ind. Or.”

2. P. GRAMINIFOLIUS, Kurz in Seem. Journ. Bot. v. (1867) 104; For. Flor. i.
607; leaves 12-18 by 1-3 in., margins with minute straight spinules, young fruit
erect ellipsoid, stigma sessile trigonous. Solms in Linnea, xli. (1878) 50.—
Tenasserim, Helfer.

3. P. new, Thwaites Enum. 327 (excl. syn.) ; leaves 7 ft. by 1-1} m., véi
coriaceous, with stout marginal spines, filaments very short, anthers very slender
3-3 in. long, fruit globose spicate and drupes like those of P. furcatus.—Ceylon,
Thwaites; CP. 3740 (used for fencing).

4. P. Roter, Carriere in Rev. Hortic. 1868, 210, f. 23; leaves 6 ft. 6in. by
3-34 in. abruptly caudate-acuminate reddish green above coppery red benet ,
marginal spines distant incurved, male spadix 16 in. long, spikes 21-4] in., spathes
coppery rose-colrd., stamens in compact bundles.—Singapore.

D ”
5. P. INTEGRIFOLIUS, Lour. ez Steud. Nom. Ed. 2, ii, 251. —'* Ind. Or. China.
—I do not find this name in Loureiros Fl. Cochinch. or elsewhere.

6. P. Lars, Kurz in Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxvii. (1864) 218; in Ann. Mus. Be
Lugd. Bat. ii. 54; habit of P. furcatus, fruit solitary or racemed, crown flat n
depressed, stigmas more.slender incurved bifid. Solms l. e P. horridus, Res Y,
(fld. Kurz). P. furcatus, Hassk. Pl. Jav. Rar. 163; ? Mig. Analect. Ind. 102.—
t. ll, pl. ZE. P. furcatus 8 malesica, Kurz in Seem, Journ. Bot. v. (1867) 1v»
Singapore (Kurz), Sumatra, Java, Ze,

7. P. LAEVIS, Rumph.; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 508; arboreous or shrubby much
branched 20-25 ft., branches rooting, leaves elongate linear glaucous green ly as in
by 2-23 in, very acuminate without spines, male spadix very scented exactly
P. adratissimus, but margins and midrib of the white spathes quite a Cal.
stamens racemosely connate, anthers mucronate, fruit unknown. ? Wall.
8588 B.—Burma, cultivated, Kurz; ? Tavoy, Wallich —Descr. from Kurz.

8. P. LERAM, Jones in As. Research. iii, (1799) 163, with two plates;
40-50 ft., with the habit of P. furcatus, bat Sei slender, and with much 28.
fruit, drupes aggregate. Voigt Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 683; Kurz in Journ. ^f var.
Beng. xxxviii. (1869) 452; For. Fl. iii. 507; Solms l. c. 66. f. Le da 4
macrocarpa, Kurz in Seem. Journ, Bot. v. (1867) 106. Roussinia_indic,

Voy. Bonite Bot, t. 21.—Nicobar Islds., Fontana ; Andaman Islds., Kurz.

9. P. LIiNN t, Gaud. Voy. Bonite Bot. t. 22, f. 1-8; Solms l. c. 67.—India
Of this Solms remarks, cf. P. fascicularis, According to Gaudicbaud's figure ort
drupes are very large, 3 in. long, in groups of 10 with rounded crowns an
stigmas grooved on one side; nothing is known of its origin. 4, Flora

in ,

10. P. ORNATUS, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxxviii. (1869) 147; | .
1869, 451; leaves very long vandlateacamnate acutely a fruit solitary o
minal long peduncled cylindrie glaucous surrounded by very short scale-like ur e

drupes unripe small obconic densely crowded but not confluent in groups linear
polygonal glaucous narrowed into a spiniform slender upeurved style with " ;
stigma. Solmsl.c.11. Fisquetia ornata and militaris, Gaud. Voy. Bonite chiefly
Solms l. c. 65.—Malacca and Singapore, Gaudichaud, Griffith.— Describ ou

from Solms, who examined Gaudichaud’s specimen and drawing. here ker) in
fruits of it in the Kew Museum, from Griffith ; they are spicate, cylindric,
long by 1-1} diam., and remarkable for their glaucous surface. m Fl

11. P. ovatus, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxxviii. (1869) 1475 Ze 9, b

1869, 491; a small species according to ve Der oig ii Ge leaves Qo i
1 in. gradually narrowed into fine points, and small globosely oblong

Pandanus.] CLXIV. PANDANEE, (J. D. Hooker.) 487

fruits 2 in. by 1} in. diam. ; drupes with conical crowns passing into an upcurved
Subulate style. Fisquetia ovata, Gaud. Bot. Bonite Voy. t. 4, f, 1.—Malacea,
Gaudickaud ; Keddah Peak, Lt.-Col. Low.

12, P, PoLYCEPHALUS, Lam.; Wall. Cat, 8588 A; leaves gradually finely
acuminate, margins with stout distant incurved marginal spines in one specimen, and
smaller closer ones in another, fruits spicate resembling those of P. fetidus, carpels
not m groups, but drupes with rather longer spinescent crowns.—Burma, at Amherst,
Wallich —Lamarck’s description of P. polycephalus, founded, may apply to this.

13. P. renns res, Lodd. ex Steud. Nom. Ed. 2, ii. 251.—** Ind. Or."— Probably
an undescribed plant of Loddige’s Catalogue.

l4. P. Yvant, Solms in Linnea, xlii. (1878) 20; leaves linear-lanceolate caudate-
acuminate more than 12 in. long serrulate, teeth pale, spathes concave elongate
ovate, fem. fl. minute densely crowded narrowed into a simple upcurved shining
‘Pine-—Malacca, Yvan (Herb. Delessert).—The above characters (from Solms) are
worthless for the identification of a Pandanus.

15. PANDANUS Sp.; dwarf, stem about as thick as a swan's quill, leaves 12-18
by H-1H in, flat ensiform rather abruptly caudate acuminate finely spinulose-serrate
mit erect spinules l-nerved, fruit terminal solitary young globose 3 in. diam. drupes
nat aggregate crown conical narrowed into a stout invurved spine.— Malacca, Griffith,

ew Distrib, 6373.—A pparently a very well marked species, closely resembling
puts in fruit, but with very different leaves, and which more resemble those of
‘minor, In the present chaotic condition of the genus I do not name it.

2. FREYCINETIA, Gaud.
Characters, see p. 483.—Species Malayan, Australian and Polynesian.

b l. F. angustifolia, Blume Rumph. i. 159, i. 43; leaves linear 12-18

ah finely acuminate margins smooth or minutely serrulate, spadices

racemose, fem. cylindric, filaments very short conic. Kunth Enum. iii.

Solin Mig. Fi. Ind. Bat. iii. 17; Kurz in Seem. Journ. Bot. v. 184 in part ;

Dek 8 in Linnea, xlii. (1878) 81. F. Brunoniana, Wall. Cat. n. 3660. p.

Hep} eana, Gaud. Voy. Bonite Bot. t. 37, f. 1-11.—Pandaneæ, Wall.
9^. n. 9124 (not distributed).

wll, Gomes ; PENANG, SINGAPORE and Maracca, Wallich, &e.—DI1sTRIB.
ay Islds, , N 4

Zum, e imbi i oose quill. Leaves grass like, cos
J pender, nerves clue e! Godod Pr racemed on a short peduncle, males
ings, > Y 3o-j in. diam., very dense-fld., fem. 3-1 by }-3 in. diam.; staminodes

j stigmas 3-4, spathes ovate-lanceolate, fincly acuminate.

>

2 F in Li ii. (1878) 91 ; stem and leaves

` Pyenophylla, Solms in Linnea, xlii. (1878) 91; ste
` angustifolia, spadices in sessile umbels, fem. oblong, filaments
C OF. angustifolia, Kurz in Seem. Journ. Bot. v. 134 in part.

SELON, Walker, Thwaites (CP. 366).
oblo e) similar to F. iine i but Ni once distinguished by the larger spathes,
and t male and fem, spadices forming a sessile umbel or stout pedicel 4-$ in. long,

"IT greater size ; males j-2 by 1 in. diam., fem. 1-1 by 3-3 in. diam.

3. F w ; ; ii 2; 1 elongate

i * Walkeri, Sol Linnea, xlii. (1878) 92; leaves g
ieee lanceolate finely acuminate margins spinulose towards the base
in., spadices few in sessile umbels, fem. very stoutly pedicelled

2g, anthers subsessile.

gus TON, Walker, Thwaites, CP. 2333. ? ANDAMAN IsLDS., on Mt, Harriet,

S

488 CLXIV. PANDANE.E. (Hook. f.) [ Freycinetia.

Stem as thick as the middle finger. Leaves much longer broader and ur
coriaceous than in the preceding species. Male spadices in bad condition; fem.
14-2 by £-1 in. diam. ; pedicel as long.

4, F. Gaudichaudii, Bennet, Pl. Jav. Rar. 31, t. 9; leaves 5-6 by
$-1 in. strict linear-lanceolate serrulate towards the caudate tip, specie
umbellate stoutly shortly peduncled, fem. stout cylindric, spathes shor
fleshy. Kunth Enum. iii. 102; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. ii. 170; Kurz in Seem.
Journ. Bot. v. (1867) 134; Solms in Linnea, xlii. (1878) 86.

Mataccoa, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1537). .

Stem as thick as ` LO, quill. pM coriaceous, flat; sheaths short, mem-
branous, Spathes 11-2 in., cymbiform. Fem. spadix lj by à in. diam. or paez
The fem. spadices appear longer stouter and upon much shorter pedicels than an
represented in tbe figure cited, but no dependence can be placed on drawings
descriptions of a succulent inflorescence made from dried specimens.

5. F. insignis, Blume Rumph. 158, t. 42 ; leaves 14-3 ft. by KE
acuminate spinulose-serrate on the margins and midrib beneath, spadico
2-3 peduncled erect, outer spathes greenish inner red, fruit 2-4 in. etong
oblong green, berries free at the conical 3-5-cornered apex, stige”
horse-shoe shaped. Kunth Enum. ii. 586; Mig. Pl. Jung. i. 166;
Ind. Bat. ii. 170; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 509.

ANDAMAN Isrps., Kurz.—DISTRIB. Java.

: ters
A lofty sparingly branched climber.—I have seen no specimens; the charac
are from Kurz. `

Order CLXV. TYPHACEÆ. By J.D. Hooker.

Aquatic or marsh perennial herbs. Leaves linear, erect Or TG:
Flowers small or minute densely crowded in globose or cylindric nni es or
bracteate spikes the upper of which are males; perianth of green sca basi-
fine hairs. Male fl. Stamens 1-7, filaments free or connate, anthers tont,
fixed. Fem. fl. Ovary superior, 1-2-celled, cells 1-ovuled, styles penne cell.
stigmas laterally papillose; ovule pendulous from the top of fleshy
Fruit small, membranous or drupaceous, Seed pendulous, albumen. in à
or floury; embryo axile, cylindric, radicular end thickened, Dom
lateral slit.—Genera 2, species about 15, cosmopolitan.

Perianth of slender hairs... . . . . 0... L TYPHA .
Perianth of green scales deeg

1. TYPHA, Linn.

sed
Marsh herbs. Leaves erect, spongy. Flowers in very dense pies ts
cylindric spikes (catkins), often intermixed with capillary bracte

D D D 1 mens
with dilated tips). Perianth of capillary hairs, or 0 in the male. a clavate
1 or more, tip of connective thickened. Ovary (often reduced tor into 2

tipped hair) very minute, on a long capillary stipes, narrowe’ ` oer
capillary style with a clavate or filiform digma. Fruit very minuto; `
carp membranous, indehiscent or laterally dehiscent ; albume?

Species about 10, temp. and trop. I

m.
In all the Indian species the male spike is more or less distant from the orks
am very doubtful as to their limits and synonyms. I am indeb y me minute
referred to under the species of Rohrbach and Korner for indications of 80 í
characters, The male fl. are sometimes replaced by clavate bodies.

Typha.] CLXV. TYPHACEE, (J. D. Hooker.) 489

l. T. elephantina, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 566; stem 6-12 ft., leaves
1-1} in. broad trigonous above the sheath, margins often undulate above
the middle, flowers bracteolate, pollen 4-globate, stigma lanceolate. Kunth
Enum, m. 92; Schnizl. Typha, 26; Kerner in Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien.
"is 165, t. 5, f. 10; Kurz in Journ. Bot. v. 95; in Journ. As, Soc. Beng.
rvn, 1.146. T. latifolia, Edgew. in Proc. Linn. Soc. vi. (1862) 194;
Kurz Le T, Maresii, Balland. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 1887, 989.

Marshes from N.W., Ixp1A to Assam and southwards,—Drsrais. Algiers,

Male spike 8-12 in., rachis clothed with short often forked hairs; bracts 3 or
more; anthers 1-5, yo İn. long. Fem. spike much stouter 6-10 by 3~1 in. diam. ;
than d mixed with clavate pistillodes; bracteoles with fasciate tips much longer

the hairs, which are shorter than the stigmas.

Lea Tr Javanica, Schnizl. in Zolling. Verz. Ind. Arch. Pfl. 77; stem
M it, leaves 3-4 in. broad biconvex above the sheath, hairs of male fl.
de forked or toothed, bracteoles with subspathulate tips and hairs
ët than the linear stigmas, fem. fl. mixed with pistillodes, pollen
Bape. Rohrb. in Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 1869, 98; Keerner in Verh.
Sp Zool. Ges. Wien. xxxix. 157, t. v. £.6. T. angustifolia, Thw. Enum.
: T. latifolia, Moon Cat. Ceyl. Pl. 81.
ten, Thwaites, &c.—DisTRIB. Ms. Mascarene and Malay Islands.
e o, maller plant than T, elephantina, from which it differs in the form ofthe base
e leaf, Simple pollen and linear stigma. Fem. spike 5-6 by 1—$ in. diam.
Mlers 1 in,
"he T. angustata, Chaub. & Bory Exped. Scient. Morée Bot. 338;
teole 6-10 ft., leaves 3-1 in. broad, semicylindric above the sheath, brac-
es of fem. fl, subspathulate equalling the linear stigmas, both longer
By CG the hairs, fem. fl. mixed with clavate-tipped pistillodes, pollen simple.
Au in Verh. Bot, Ver. Brandenb. 1869, 81; Boiss. FL. Orient. v. 50;
chis, in Trans. Linn. Soc. N.S. iii. 120; Kerner in Verh. Bot. Zool.
Bot ont, Xxxix. 159, t. iv. f. 6, v. f. 1. T. angustifolia, Kurz in Journ.
" V. 95 (exel, syn.); Rowb. Ft. Ind. iii. 567; Aitchis. in Journ. Linn. Soc.
:188; Wall. Cat. 4989.
and COBTHERN INDIA, from KASHMIR to MUNNIPORE and southwards to SciNDE
°ROMANDEL.—Drsrris. N. Asia and westward, N. Africa and S. Europe.
OSely resembles the common European T. angustifolia, Linn., which is dis-
"el by the bracteoles shorter than the stigmas.

"a T. Laxmanni, Lepech. in Nov. Act. Acad. Petersh. 81, 355 (excl.
den > : t. 4; dwarf, 2-3 ft. high, leaves slender semicylindric at the
Mixed » male spikes 1-2 in., fem. 3-l in. by 1-3 in. diam., fem. fl. ebracteolate
ti ed with pistillodes, hairs very short much shorter than the subobtuse
det pollen simple. Koerner in Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien. 167,
Aite); »V.f. 15. T. minima, Kurz in Journ. Bot. v. 96. T. Martini,
t yz. Journ. Linn. Soc. xix. 188. T. stenophylla, KoArb. in Verh.
.. er. Brandenb. 90; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 50.
LL alt. 9000 ft., Thomson, Giles.—DisTRrB. N. Asia and westwards to

eg vs distinguished from all the previous species by its small size and slender
Record; ut very closely allied in the European and Oriental T. minima, which,
"E to Kerner, has bracteoles.

E 2. SPARGANIUM, Linn.
lowers in globose unisexual heads, subtended by leafy bracts.

490 oLxy. TYPHACES. (J. D. Hooker.) [Sparganium.

Perianth of 3-6 membranous scales. Stamens 2-3, connective hardly pro-
duced at the tip. Ovary 1- rarely 2-celled; style very short, persistent,
stigma unilateral; cells 1-seeded. Drupes obovoid, spongy ; endocarp
bony, tip perforated. Seed adherent to the endocarp.—Species about 6.

1. S. ramosum, Huds. Fl. Angl. 401; erect, leafy, leaves linear
triquetrous at the base, heads sessile on the branches of a panicle, drupes
sessile shortly beaked. Kunth Enum. iii. 89; Boiss. Fl. Orient. T o
erectum, Kurz in Journ. Bot. v. (1867) 96. S. stoloniferum, Ham. wn Watt.
Cat. 4990. S. carinatum, Ham. ex Royle Til. 408.

Norra West INDIA; from the plains to 5200 ft. in Kashmir. BURMA, Griffith.
—Distris. N. temp. regions. . Male
Stems 1-4 ft. Leaves 2-5 ft., 1 in. broad or less; margins concave. e
heads olive-brown, 4—4 in. diam., deciduous; fem. 1 in. diam. in frt. ; scales linear,

tips spathulate. Drupe X in. long, angled; stigma linear.

2. S. simplex, Huds. Fl. Angl. 401; erect, leafy, leaves linear vid
quetrous at the base rarely floating, fem. heads racemose, male p
drupe shortly stipitate long-beaked. Kunth Enum. iii. 89; Hos Lt
Orient. v. 48. S. erectum, var. B Linn. Sp. Pl. 971; Kurz in Journ. bot. Y.
(1867) 96.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 7-9000 ft., J.D.H. KnasiA Hinzs, alt. 5-6000 ft.,
Griffith, &c. Burma, Grifith.—D1isTRIB. N. temp. regions.

Stem 1-2 ft. Leaves narrower than in S. ramosum, margins flat. Male heads
yellow. Scales linear-oblong, tips toothed. Drupes fusiform, simple linear.

Orpvrer CLXVI. AROIDEZ.

Perennial herbs with radical leaves, or scandent shrubs. ge
alternate. Flowers 1-2-sexual, sessile on a spadix which is more or ally
enclosed in a green or coloured spathe; if unisexual the males poer)
towards the apex and fem. at the base of the spadix, with often neu
between them and above the males ; perianth 0 or of scales. Anthers ©
celled, dehiscence dorsal or by pores; pollen various.
1-3-celled, style short or long, stigma discoid or lobed; ovules any
more, variously inserted. Fruit baccate. Seeds 1 or few, rarely mo
often imbedded in pulp; testa various; albumen 0 or copious; 1 teral
axile, or in exalbuminous genera, thick with the plumule m 4,
slit.—Genera about 100, species about 1000, for the most part tropic? `

0
I am indebted to the studies of Mr. N. E. Brown for valuable notes 0n ee o

the Indian species entered in the Kew Herbarium, and for aid in the prep

the following descriptions :— )
Ers A. Flowers monocious (rarely diccious 1n Ars%

Perianth 0.

. jn
, Tribe I. Antnez, Spadiz with a flowerless top (appendage) OF e
Pistia and Oryptocoryne, Stamens free; anther-cells larger thant s
nective. Fem. fl. Staminodes 0. Ovary 1-celled, ovules orthotropous-
^ Submerged or marsh herbs. Ovaries in one whorl 1. CRYPTOCORYNE.
Marsh herbs. Ovaries spirally disposed 2... 2. LAGENANDBA.
Floating stemless herb . . . . . . . , . . . OB PISTIA
Terrestrial tuberous herbs :
Leaves compound; ovules basal . . . ... . 4 ABISHMA.
Leaves pedatipartite, appearing after the flowering;
ovules basal . . . o e o »

5. SAUROMATUM. `

CLXVI. AROIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.). 491

Leaves undivided; ovules parietal . . . . . 6, ARUM.
Leaves various and flowers coetaneous; ovules
basal . 7. TxPHONIUM.

Leaves pedatipartite ; ovules basal and apical n 8. THERIOPHONUM.

Tribe II. PytHontex. Spadix with or withoutan appendage. Stamens

ee,anther-cells broader than their connective. Ovary 1- or more-celled ;

ovules anatropous or semianatropous.—Tuberous herbs, often flowering
before leafing ; leaves 3-sect, segments pinnatifid.

Appendage naked; nentersO . . . .. . . . . 9. AMORPHOPHALLUS,
Appendage slender, nuked ; neuters below the males . 10. SYNANTHERIAS.
Appendage covered with conical neuters . . . + . ll. THOMSONIA.
Appendage 0; neuters very large . . . . . . . 12. PLESMONIUM.

M Tribe ITI. Conocasrex. Spadiv with or without an appendage, usually
orter than the spathe. -Anthers sessile, densely crowded, prismatic or
weg free or connate, connective very thick. Leaves undivided, often

i * Tube of spathe not enclosing the fruit. Fem. infl. partially adnate
? the spathe,
Ovary many-ovuled ; stigma 4-6-cleft . . . . . . 18. ABropsis.

3

TI Many-ovuled ; stigma discoid. . . . . . . 14 STEUDNERA.

3

Ovary Lovuled ; stigma discoid . . . . . . . '. 15. HAPALINE.

Min Tube of spathe enclosing the fruit. Spadix wholly free from the

jam of spathe refracted, open; ovules parietal. . . 16. REMUSATIA.
imb of spathe refracted, convolute; ovules basal . . 17. GONATANTHUS.
Bi of spathe erect; ovules many parietal . . . . 18. COLOCASIA.

of Spathe erect; ovules few basal. . . . . . 19. ALOCASIA.

gute IV. Parropenprex. Spadiz without an appendage, usually
body. than the spathe. Stamens free, rarely connate in a prismatic
reed ; Connective usually broader than the cells. Fruit enclosed in the
time. of the spathe,—Perennial herbs, flowering and leafing at the same
Spathe deciduous ; ovary 1-2-celled . . . . . + . 20, AGLAONEMA.

Limb Zelle persistent; ovary 2-4-celled . . . . 21. HOMALONEMA.
Of spathe deciduous ; ovary l-celled . . . . . 22. ScHISMATOGLOTTIS.

Seres B. Flowers hermaprodite, a few rarely unisexual. Perianth 0.

Tribe y. CaLLEX. Spadiz without an appendage. Stamens distinct;

fil `
pen nts, at, anther-cells terminal. Ovary truncate, stigma central.—
SUY climbers,

Brad, a:

geidix stipitate ; ovule 1 basal; berries free . . . . 23. ANADENDRON.

d
w sessile; ovule l-basal; berries free . .

X sessile ; ovary 1-2.celled, many-ovuled; berries

24. SCINDAPSUS.

Bed nent .
"X sessile, Oen 1-celled ;: ovul '2'or more
(rarely 1) basal , 7 i ` ee . 26. EPIPREMNUM,

25. RHAPHIDOPHORA.

H D « D D D

492 CLXVI. AROIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.)

Senge C. Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth of 4-6 seg ments.
Tribe VI. OnoNTIE&X. Spadia without an appendage.
* Spadiz flowering downward ; ovary l-celled.

Prickly rigid herbs; spathe many times longer than the
sessile spadix . . . . . . . . DT, Lastra.
Prickly rigid herb; spadix stipitate . . . . . . . 28. POoDOLASIA.
Prickly rigid herbs; spathes twice as long as the
spadix . . e . . ...2.2.25.25.25...Z.- 29. CYRTOSPERMA.
Unarmed herbs; leaves membraneous, pinnate . . . 30, ANAPHYLLUM.

** Spadix flowering upwards; ovary 1-3-celled.

Stem scandent ; leaves distichous. . . . . . . . 891. POTHOS.
Stemless ; leaves ensiform ; spathe 0. . . . . . . 32. ACORUS.

1. CRYPTOCORYNE, Fisch.

Aquatic or marsh herbs, with creeping rootstock and short stem or `
Leaves broad or narrow. Tube of spathe with connate margins SU
transverse septum within. Spadix very slender, its tip adnate to t See?
tum of spathe; male infl. cylindric ; anthers 2-celled, cells with ee nd
perforate tips, pollen vermiform ; fem. infl. a single whorl of connate -e ‘les
many-ovuled ovaries with a few neuters; styles short, recurved; Wé ed
erect, orthotropous. Fruit of coriaceous connate 2-valved many
carpels. Seeds oblong, albuminous; embryo axile.—Species abou
tropical Asiatic.

* Tube of spathe narrow, longer than the limb (or a$ long in C.
Griffithii).

l. C. ciliata, Fisch. ex Schott Melet. 16; leaves linea
or -lanceolate, limb of spathe oblong densely fimbriate. Kunth 222;
iii, 12; Schott Aroid. 7; Syn. 2; Prodr. 153 in Bonpland. (1857), 15
Wight Ic. t.775; Wall. Cat. 8914; Griff. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XX. t. | 907 ;
Blume Rumph. i. 86; Engler Arac. 624, and in Beccart Males. ` 134;
N. E. Br. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xviii. 245. C. elata, Griff. Notul i Vi
Ic. Pl. Asiat. t, 170,171 (alata). C. drymorhiza, Zipp. in Miq. Ann i

D lll.
Bor i. 122. Ambrosinia ciliata, Rosch, Cor. Pl. iii. 90, t. 294; Fl. Ind.

. . — BIB.

BENGAL, in ponds, &c. (in salt marshes, Kurz). MALACCA, Grifith.—D18?
Malay Islds, t
Tuberous, stoloniferous, Leaves 6-16 in., lower half sheathing; ! te, fimbrig
Scape very short. Tube of spathe 4-10 in. ; limb 2-3 in., oblong, cuspidate, seeded.

purple. Ovaries 5-7. Fruit long-peduncled, globose, 1 in. diam. ; cells GT. by
CR polyphyllous, germinating in the fruit. J avan specimens have leaves 1
in.

1

id.

2. C. Walkeri, Schott im Bonpland. (1857) 221; Prodr. Ka
15; leaves long-petioled oblong or oblong-lanceolate base Cun prose
rounded, limb of spathe linear-lanceolate strongly twisted 8
Engler Arac. 625. C. spiralis, Thw. Enum. 334.

CEYLON, Walker. short-

Leaves 2-3 in., acute, thin; petiole 6 in., very slender. Scapé very
Tube of spathe 2 in.; limb l} in. Ovaries 4-5.

Cryptocoryne. ] CLXVI, AROIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 493

3. C. retrospiralis, Kunth Enum. iii. 12; leaves lanceolate to nar-
rowly linear, tube of spathe and glabrous limb both closely twisted.
Wight Ie. t. 772; Schott Avoid. 8; Syn. 2; Prod. 18; in Bonp an .
(1857) 222; Engler Arac. 625 & Ic. ined. No. 16. Ambrosinia retrospiralis,
Zoch, Fl. Ind. iii, 492.

BENGAL, BURMA, CENTRAL INDIA and the DECCAN. . .

Leaves 3.12 by 1-3 in., narrowed into a short stout petiole, or sessile, finely
acuminate, costa slender. Spathe subsessile, nearly as long as the leaves, eep
green streaked with purple. Ovaries 5-6, 3- or more-ovuled; stigmas orbicular.

4 €. consobrina, Schott in Bonpland. (1857) 222; Prodr. 16;
leaves oblong-lanceolate finely acuminate, petiole long, limb of spa
ovate long-caudate glabrous not twisted. Engler Arac. 626.

The Deccan PENINSULA, Perrottet, &c. . . :
Leaves 4-6 by 4-1 in., midrib stout. Spathe about equalling the petiole, its
tail about three times longer than the blade.

5. C. cordata, Gri . Notul. iii. 188 ; Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 172; leaves long-
Petioled broadly ovate "7 oblong-ovate base cordate or emarginate, tube of

uneled spathe very long, limb small lanceolate not twisted g "nator
Schott Syn, 2: Prodr. Avoid. lá; in Bonpland. (1857) 220; Engler
trac, 626 & Te. ined, No. 6; in Beccari Males. i. 298; N. E. Br. in Journ,
Linn. Soe, xiii, 249,

Matacca, Grifith.—Drsrxip. Java, Borneo. evo.
eaves 3-4 Sé petiole usually much longer, Spathe very variable in length
According to depth of water); tube 10-12 in.; limb 1j in., purplish green,
Contracted, peduncle 2-3 in. Ovaries 6-8 ; ovules many.

6. ©. Griffithii, Schott Syn. Aroid. 1; Prodr. Syst. Aroid. 14; leaves
broadly oblong or orbicular ovate subcordate petiole very long and slender,
tube of spathe a little longer than the ovate cuspidate lim A oe

"ac. 631; N. E. Br. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xviii. 244. Cryptocoryne,
P. Griff. Notul. iii. 139; Ie. Plant. Asiat. t. 173, f. 3 (ovules).

Matacca, Grifith

elves coriacea obtuse, base very various, rarely rounded sometimes
"turie]ed, green above purple beneath, nerves obscure ; petiole os allow cone

2} m., dark livid red and papillose within, and having a dimidia oa Bent
descending from the base of the convolute portion and enclosing the male fl.
ovoid, rugose, reddish, few-seeded.

7. €. Beckettii, Thw. ex Trim. in Journ, Bot. xxiii. (1885) 269;
leave s lon -petioled oblong-lanceolate uudulate base cordate, tube of small
bare Spathe narrow straight about twice as long as the sma

e.

CErton ; Matale east, Beckett .
limb hee 2j-4 in., subacute, 5 7-nerved; petiole 4-8 in. Spathe not 1 in. long,
8

Tri ortly tailed, Stipes of male infi. shorter than it. Carpels 5.—Descr. from
"men,

8. 6. wi Aroid.17; leaves narrowly linear
`, Wightii, Schott Prodr. Syst. ;
wowed at both onde stronsiy crisped and waved, tube of lon ~peduneled
Sbathe very long, limb lanceolate acuminate not twiste Ki er
Sa 627. o unilocularis, Schott in Bonpland. 1857, 223 (no
n

MYsorg, Wig ht .

494 CLXVI. AROIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [Cryptocoryne. `

Leaves 6-10 by i in.; petiole shorter. Tube of spathe 5-6 in., limb 14-2 ir.;
peduncle 2-23 in. Ovaries 6-7, stigmas orbicular.

9. C. affinis, N. E. Br. mss. leaves petioled oblong-ovate base Founded
or emarginate strongly bullate, spathe peduncled, tute about as long
the twisted limb, base inflated.

PERAK, Scortechini (586, 586»). .

Leaves 1-24 in. by a in., subacute, purplish beneath, 5-7-nerved, lenior sab
crenate; petiole 1-3 in. Spathe 21-3 in., with the peduncle lengt gr E vol A
flowering, limb narrowly lanceolate dark-purple. Appendage of spadix sessile,
Carpels 6-7, very many-ovaled ; stigmas oblong.

** Tube of spathe shorter than the limb.
+ Limb of spathe transversely rugose or plicate within. l

10. C. spiralis, Fisch. mss. ex Wydler in Linnæa, v. 428 ; leaves ate
lanceolate, spathe sessile, tube very short obconie, limb livear i 84t
strongly twisted at first. Kunth Enum. ii. 12; Blume Rumpt "e
36 C.; Wight. Ic. t. 773; Schott Melet. 16; Syn. Aroid. 9; ^ d 628.
Prodr. 18; Aroid. 8, t.13; Schmitz. Iconog. 1, t. 72; Engler 400. Au
Ambrosinia spiralis, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 492. Arum spirale, Retz Uos. 1.
Bot. Mag. t. 2220; Lodd. Bot. Cat. t. 525.

BENGAL, the Deccan PENINSULA, Ze, . th

Leaves 3-8 by 4-3 in., acute or acuminate, narrowed from the miae een
ends, costa slender, nerves parallel; petiole long or short. Spathe 1 d: stigmas
first twisted, transversely lamellate within. Ovaries 5-6, several-ovuled ;
broadly elliptic.

: as
1l. C. Huegelii, Schott Aroid. 8,t. 12; Prodr. 18; petiole as lont
the elliptic-oblong leaf-blade, spathe shortly peduncled, tube ve vuled.
cylindric, limb linear-lanceolate long-acuminate, ovaries
Engl. Arac. 628.
East Inpies, Huegel in Herb. Vienna.
I have seen no specimen of this species.

tt Limb of spathe smooth within.

16;

12. C. cognata, Schott in Bonpland. 1857, 222; Prodr. 0

leaves oblong-lanoeolate or linear-oblong margins undulate, ted tail.
spathe much longer than the tube narrowed into a very long tw

Engl. Arac. 629.

The Concan, Law, Ee,

Leaves 6-10 by 1-1} in,, narrowed and acnte at both ends; midri edund
petiole very stont, shorter than the blade. Spathe 7-8 in., shortly pedu
2-2] in., limb 5-6 in,

b very broad $

ed, tube

13. ©. Roxburghii, Schott Prodr. 18; leaves narrowly e
acuminate, spathe about as long as the leaves, limb much ongf, ^
the cylindric tube very slender closely twisted. Engl. Arac: ht, Iet
Roxburghii, Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb, Fl. 257. C. unilocularis, Wig iji. 493.
774; Kunth Enum. iii, 13. Ambrosinia unilocularis, Rowb. Fl. Ind. ¥
Arum spirale, Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl, 228.

NORTHERN CIRCARS and the Conoan. bout $ ^

Leaves 8-12 by 4-1 in.,ecostate, nerves parallel. Tube of spathe 85 s of the
blade 6-8 in. Ovaries 4-5, stigmas orbicular or oblong, close to the stipe
spadix; ovules very many. Fruit conical, 5-celled, many -seeded.

r thao

Cryptocoryne. | CLXVI. AROIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 495

^M. C. Thwaitesii, Schott in Bonpland. 1857, 221; Prodr. 14;
leaves broadly ovate or subobovate base cordate or emarginate, tube of
pM cylindric one-third shorter than the linear hardly twisted limb.
Mier Arac. 630 ; Ic. ined. No. 7; Thw. Enum. 334.

CEYLON, in forests, Thwaites.

Leaves 2-24 by 14-1} in., densely papillose above, petiole rather shorter than the
de, margin undulate. Spathe subsessile, 14 in. long, limb oblong, gradually

narrowed into a slender tail, tube hardly swollen at the base. Ovaries 6; styles
rather long, stigmas oblong.

l6. ©. Gomezii, Schott in Bonpland. 1857, 221; Prodr. 14; leaves
long-petioled ovate or ovate-oblong obtuse base cordate, spathe long-
peduncled, limb broadly lanceolate not twisted three times as long as
the oblong ovoid tube narrowed into a long tail Engler Arac. 630.
—Aroid. Wall. Cat. 8958.

Stuer, Gomez,

Leaves 2-3 by 1-14 in., base often unequal-sided, tip obtuse acute or rounded.
be of spathe 4-4 in., limb 12-2 in., broad below and concave.

16. ©. elliptica, N. E. Br. mss. ; leaves orbicular- or ovate-cordate,
tube of peduncled spathe 2-21 times as long as the lanceolate limb, which
5 twisted and bent forward at the apex.

PERAK; at Larut, King’s Collector. .

Allied to. C Grifithi but leaves smaller not so deeply cordate, and limb of
‘pathe much smaller narrower and not papillose within. Leaves l-l} by lj in.
obtuse fleshy, brown beneath; petiole 2-3 in., sheath short. Spathe with the
peduncle hardly lengthening in fruit; tube white, 14 in., base slightly inflated; limb
Hin, black within. Fruit 6-celled, stigmas small.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES,
C. DALZELLI, Schott. in Bonpland. 1857, 221; Prodr. 15; leaves lanceolate
margin erosely serrulate, lateral nerves 4 on each side ascending, fruit ovoid
Š'gynons, seeds biseriate oblong subtrigonous.—Bombay, Dalzell.

2. LAGENANDRA, Dalzell.

„Habit and characters of Cryptocoryne, but the fem. inflor. consists of a
4 ,'OW of many free ovaries, with peltate or discoid stigmas, and the
It is baccate and indehiscent.—Species 4, Indian.

Léi L. toxicaria, Dalzell in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. (1852) 289; v. (1853)

> petiole.as long as the oblong or elliptic-oblong obtuse or acute leaf,
na very slender divergent from the stout costa, spathe lanceolate
li nate-acuminate slightly twisted, tube much shorter than the long-tailed
En , Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 257; Schott Syn. Aroid. 3 (excl. syn.);
Seer Arac. 621, L, ovata, Thwaites Enum. 334. Cryptocoryne ovata,
oe we Melet. i, 16; Blume Rumph. i. 86; Kunth Enum. iii. 12, Caladium
ge Vent. in Roem, Arch. ii. 357. C. montanum, Herb, Heyne. Arum
Cat. ggg "”” Sp. Pl. 967.—Rheede Hort. Mal. xi. t. 23.—Aroid. Wall.

Th
the ce es Sovr

Wie i i i iaceous, base

"€ creeping. Leaves with petiole 8-36 by 2-5 in., cória » b:
MON rounded ; sheath of petiole elongate. Spathe longer than the compressed
> 9-8 in, long; tube broad, limb lanceolate. Syncarp globose, 14-2 in.

496 CLXVI. aROIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Lagenandra,

diam. ; carpels in many cycles, free, about $ in. long. Seeds several in each carpel,
minute, basal.

2. L. Thwaitesii, Engler Arac. 621 ; petiole longer or shorter va
the oblong- or linear-lanceolate leaf, nerves diverging from the conte Ki
slender convolute at length open, tube very much shorter than the imo.

CEYLON, Thwaites. ded; petiole

Rootstock branched. Leaves 4-6 by 3-1} in., base acute or roun LM the
2-6 in., rather slender, sheath short. Spathe 14-2 in., much longer. k ^ da
peduncle; tube ovoid; appendage of spadix very short. Carpels Th De
connate at the base.—À much smaller species than L. towicaria. The spec
are not very good.

3. L. lancifolia, Thw. Enum. 334; petiole about equalling the
ceolate or ovate-lanceolate leaf, nerves diverging from the corn ate
oblong beaked rugose within, tube obconic half as long as nd. 1857
Engler Arac. 622. Cryptocoryne lancifolia, Schott m Bonpland. ,
221; Prodr. Aroid. 15 (in part); Gen. t. 1.

CEYLON; or banks of streams, Thwaites. ;

Leaves 2-4 by 2-11 in., dotted with white, sparsely above, densely beneath d
rounded or acute ; sheath of petiole short. Spathe 1-2 in., dark purple ; appe
of spadix very short. Carpe/s 30—40, in 5-6 cycles; stigma conical.

4. L. Koenigii, Thw. Enum. 334; leaves subsessile narrowly ere
lanceolate acuminate, nerves at first parallel to the costa, pedane ag
slender, spathe-tube several times shorter than the subulate limh, npland.
Arac. 623; and Ic. ined. No. 15. Cryptocoryne K«enigii, Schott in Bonp
1859, 81; Prodr. 16.

CEYLON ; in the Singhe-rajah forest, Thwaites. ent

Leaves 1-2 ft. by 13 in. dotted with white beneath ; costa stout below ge in.
above ; petiole reduced to a short sheath. Spathe 3-34 in. long; pedang Berries
Appendage of spadirclavate. Carpels about 30, in many cycles, Lane:
smooth. Seed deeply grooved.

i, (1889)
5. L. insignis, Tri». Cat. Pl. Ceyl. 97; im Journ. Bof. i Md
269; petiole as long as the ovate-lanceolate or oblong e very
nerves very many and slender scurfily papillose divergent from road et
stout costa, spathe very large, tube infundibular, limb very
panded abruptly candate.
CEYLON ; Pasdun Korle, Trimen. ube
Leaves 12 by 3-4 in., closely dotted beneath. Spathe stoutly peduncled, with

. le wi
1i-2 in. ; limb 4-6 in, broad, drooping, crisped and undulate, membranous, put
white veins (like an Arisema).

3. PISTIA, Linn.

. sile,
A floating, gregarious, stemless, stoloniferous herb. Teori, sho
obovate-cuneate, together forming an erect cup. Spathe SÉ. "ue tabe
peduncled, tubular below, open above. Spadiz adnate to back of ene
of the spathe, free above. Male infl. of few sessile connate stamens minute
the apex of the spadix, slits vertical, with a ring of confluent ~, tyle
neuters below them. Fem. infl. a solitary conico-ovoid 1-celled over id .
conical, stigma discoid; ovules many, orthotropous, basal or Tb Pinous,
Fruit membranous, few-seeded. Seeds oblong or obovoid, albu
testa at length rugose; embryo minute, apical, cuneiform.

Pistia.) CLXVI, AROIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 497

P. Stratiotes, Linn. Sp. Pl. 963; Roxb. Cor. Pl. iii. 63, t. 269; FI.
Ind. iii. 131; Grif. Notul. 12, 211; Ze, Plant. Asiat. t. 260, 261; Dalz. &
Gibs. Bomb. FI. 281 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4564.—Rheede Hort. Mal. t. 32.

Throughout INDIA, and CEYLON; in still sweet water.—DISTRIB, tropics

y.

, Roots of tufted simple white fibres clothed with fibrille. Leaves 1}-4 in. long

im Indian forms, apex rounded or retuse, undulate, pubescent above and beneath ;

Mies raised beneath, flabelliform, converging within the margin. Spathe white,
uely campanulate, lin. long, tomentose externally, gibbous and closed below,

contracted about the middle, dilated and nearly circular above,

4. A'RISIEMA, Mart.

d Tuberous herbs. Leaves 3-sect, pedatisect, or leaflets whorled. Spathe
eciduous, tube convolute, limb often acuminate or tailed, usually in-
EM. Spadiz included or exserted, appendage various often excessively
ng and filiform. Male Jl. many, stipitate (sessile and connate in a
tontinuous stratum in A. flavum), anthers 2-5 oblong or subglobose. Fem.
Det crowded ; ovary l-celled; style short or 0, stigma disciform ;
mal or more, basilar, orthotropous. Neuters 0, or a few above the
ab females, or on the appendage, subulate. Berries l-fow-seeded,
nmi ; ile.— i temp. and trop. Asia,
and N, America. ; embryo axile.—Species about 50, temp. a p
GT ? characters taken from the plants being mono- or dicecious are not absolute
rid Constant, as are those of leaves one or two.
Taiszcra, Leaves trifoliolate (Sp. 1-17).

ding Pendago much shorter than the limb of the spathe.—Usually all

ig Roxrburghii, Kunth Enum. iii. 18; leaves 2, leaflets ovate-
te caudate-acuminate lateral subsessile median petiolulate, limb of
° ovate-lanceolate acuminate incurred or involute, appendage very
Prodr, g3 to Baked or with a few basal neuters. Schott Syn. Aroid. 27;
Fl Ing. ue A. cuspidatum, Engler Arac. 536. Arum cuspidatum, Roxb.
ni 906; Wight Ic. t. 781. B
| a Roxburgh ; on Govt. Hill, alt. 2000 ft., Curtis. PERAK, Scortéchini,
Bess STRIB. Java (Ie. Horsfield.) ne the scape
igi, e horizontal, rooting all over. Petiole elongate sheathing the b pe '
Pale ello and peduncle mottled-green and pink; leaflets 4-10 by 1-5 in, Spa e
y TN green, tube 4in., longer than the limb, margins not recurved aroun
re be in Roxburgh's drawing, but distinctly in one of Scortechini "
tip. Male ots a much broader strongly incurved limb of the spathe with a caudate
bears a fey 70i? very slender, tapering into the short filiform appendage whic
2 a Subulate neuters,
late "Kunstler Hook. f. ; leaf solitary, leaflets ovate or ovate-lanceo-
nibeaudately acuminate 2 or the mediàn only petiolulate, limb of the
tube ‘Pathe suberect ovate-lanceolate acuminate about as long as jo
Y Toader, base dilated round the tube hardly recurved, male
appendage? slender ending in a very slender naked finely acuminate
Perra `
Beet. E, Kunstler Ic. in Herb. Calcutt.). PENANG, King's Collector (1653), on
duis 1b alt 2000 ft, Curtis. ppm His: Nya Bungalow, alt. 2000 ft.

Y ŝ
EN x k

498 CLXVI, AROIDEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Arisema.

Root tuberous. Petiole and peduncle 4-10 in., slender, green, obgeurely mottled
with red. Leaflets membranous, 3-6 in., lateral unequal at the base, me nthe 3-3
or cuneate at the base, margins sometimes obscurely erose (when 21 tube of the
in. long.—Very near A. laminatum, Blume of Java, which has a w vied round the
spathe, and the green limb is contracted at the base, and is not carri
mouth of the tube.

3. A. album, N. E. Br. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xviii. 247; leaf m
leaflets petiolulate lateral dimidiate-ovate median elliptic base eund
acute, tube of white spathe about as long as the ovate-lanceola e SCH te
limb, appendage filiform shorter than the spathe bearing towa
scattered subulate neuters. Arisæma, Wall. Cat. n. 8924.

Kuasta Hits, alt. 4000 ft., de Silva, Clarke. , ,

Tuber depressed. Petiole 10-12 in. ; lateral leaflets about 8 Wi kee)
unequal, tips filiform, median rhombic-ovate ; petiolules 1-1 in. : e volute. Spadit
long as the petiole. Spathe 3-4 in., tip filiform, margins below not re

: towards
(female) with scattered neuters on the base of the appendage, besides those
its tip.

. iolulate
4. A. petiolulatum, Hook. f.; leaf solitary, leaflets all aen

ovate or ovate-oblong abruptly cuspidately caudate, m e, appen

equalling the lanceolate acuminate limb contracted at the base,

slender cylindric erect obtuse naked. POBE, d

88 ed Hrs, alt. 4-5000 ft., J.D.H. y T.T., Clarke. MUNNI ,

00 ft., Watt, nder ;

Rootstock elongate, rooting all over. Petiole and shorter pedun ce "T base,

leaflets subequal, 6-10 by 24-3% in., lateral cuneate or unequal-sid urplish :

median with an acute base. Spathe with a funnel-shaped tube and p

5 in. long, twice as long as the slender male spadix.

. inate,
5. A. Wattii, Hook. f.; leaves 2, leaflets subsessile fine nim than
lateral dimidiate-ovate median elliptic-oblong, tube of spat 1 ng-stipi
the orbicular-ovate caudate-acuminate limb, appendage long
stout cylindric naked top rounded.

MUNNIPORE ; at Mao, alt. 4000 ft., Watt. . half very narrow
Petiole 8-10 in., leaflets 5-8 in., lateral 2-34 in. broad, inner than the petiole.
and evanescent below; nerves many, strong. Peduncle shorter. the tube am
Spathe 5-6 in, long, limb 2 in. broad, margins below surrounding
recurved. Appendage 2} in., 4 in. diam., stipes } in. j-

. g 80
6. A. anomalum, Hemsl. in Journ. Bot. . (1887) 205 5 wech d
tary, leaflets petiolulate ovate acuminate tips filiform, limb o ter than the
ovate acuminate strongly incurved broader and rather 8 pr in Gard
tube, appendage slender narrowed upwards naked. N. E. br.
Chron. (1890) i. 321; Bot. Mag. t. 7211.

500 ft.

Straits OF Maracca, Larut Islds., Curtis, PERAK, alt. 2500-3
Scortechini, King’s Collector.

Rootstock deformed, lobed ; lobes bearing solitary leaves or pedun the petiole,
Petiole slender, green, leaflets 4-6 by 1$ in. Pedunele shorter Tab d s
purplish-green. Spathe 2 in. long, tube striped purplish-brown; li
purple, striped with white, lower margin forming a broad recurve
the mouth of the tube. Spadiz male or bisexual; male fl. often mixe rawing d'r
neuters. Stigma penicillate.— There is in the Calcutta Herbarium E imb ihe
closely allied plant from Penang, with a dull purplish tube and gree
spathe, and no neuters amongst the male fi.

Árisema.] CLXVI. AROIDEE, (J. D. Hooker.) 499

,"* Appendage much longer than the spathe, tapering into a very long
orm pendulous tip.

t Appendage naked.
„a Limb of spathe broad, rounded truncate retuse or 9-lobed.—All
diecious,

7. A. verrucosum, Schott ix (str. Bot. Wochenbl. (1857) 341;
Prodr, 29 ; leaf solitary, petiole sheath and peduncle warted, leaflets sessile
thomboidly orbicular or lateral ovate, limb of spathe very broad obcordate
cuspidately acuminate decurved, base of appendage dilated into a lobed

Engler Arac. 537.

EASTERN TEMPERATE Himataya, alt. 8-11,000 ft., J.D.H. Clarke.

, Tuber large, depressed, ` Petiole 8-10 in., very stout, dull dark green, studded
with minute warts; leaflets 2-7 in., dark-purple beneath, margins waved purplish,
dnd, diout beneath. Peduncle like the petiole. Spathe 5-7 in., tube white
ly striped with dark purple ; limb twice to five times as broad, reticulated with
White and dark purple; apex 3-2 in. long. Spadiz stout shortly stipitate, dark
Purple, base intruded, narrowed above it into a fusiform body that tapers into an
‘xserted thread 12-18 in. long or more.—Very near to A. utile, from which the
Warted petiole and peduncle distinguish it, The colours are taken from a drawing

my Own, and no doubt vary much.

Eg à. Grifüthii, Schott Syn. Aroid. 26; Prodr. 54; leaves 2,
flets sessile all rhombic-orbicular acuminate crenate, limb of spathe
vu many times broader than the tube which it overhangs deeply

of oded, with a long linear interposed tail that embraces the filiform tail

pa appendage. Engler Arae. 538; Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi.

1 ; Bot. Mag. t. 6491. A. Hookerianum, Schott in (str. Bot. Wochen.

(1857) 334; Prodr. 30. A. Hookeri, Schott Gen. Aroid. t. 6, f. 11-19.

~ oe

ell Bp. Grif. Itin. Notes, 201, No. 1179.
0 t LEMPERATE HIMALAYA; Sikkim, alt. 7-10,000 ft. Buotan, alt.

be .
ind depressed, 3-5 in. diam, Petiole as thick as the middle finger, green,
Ms | leaflets 6-10 in., sometimes broader than long, margins faintly yellow,
2135 deeply sunk, Peduncle much shorter than the petiole. Tube of spathe
ble £^ Purple ribbed with white; limb 5-8 in. broad, inenrved, head rounde ,
tai] Thing two broad dull violet flaps, reticulate with green; sinus 2—3 in. deep 5
from m., purple, Spadix stout ; appendage purple, stipitate, suddenly narrowe
long x broad disciform lobed intruded base into a tortuous capillary tail 1-3 ft.
12,009 «able in colour and size. Clarke observes that in ascending from 8000 to
, ~ € Spathe varies from 6-8 in. broad curved and ridged, to 1 in. broa

Karel y di : ) ` i oad
vith Grint! with obscure ridges; but possibly other species were confounde

mA. util i odr. Aroid. 30; Bot. Mag. t. 6474;
leaves solitary, lector le E ovate or obovate crenute, limb of
tw m broadly obcordate or obovate oblong retuse or 2-lobed with a short
ar sod tail that embraces the filiform tail of the appendage. Engler
537 and Ic. ined, No. 55.

Si trame HIMALAYA, from Kashmir, alt. 7500 ft, Clarke, eastwards to

alt. 913,000 ft., J. ).H., &c.
leaves nAller plant than A. Griffith with the same habit, but with pale green
broad undulate golden margins and a much narrower limb of the spathe 4 in.
» Which is not longer than the tube, is red brown or purplish and coarsely

Kk 2

500 CLXVI. AROIDEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Arisema.

reticulated. Appendage as in A. Griffithii, of which Clarke (Journ. Linn. Soc. xn,
386) considers it a trifling variety. The Bot. Mag. figures, however, uphold the
characters which I never failed to observe in Sikkim. Hybrids, of course, may
occur. The Western specimens have longer petioles and peduncles and paler greener
spathes. All my specimens are l-leaved, but two are represented in the redu
figure of the Bot. Mag. drawing.

B. Limb of spathe lanceolate acuminate, or caudate.—Dicecious, except
A. Prazeri.

10. A. speciosum, Mart. in Flora (1831), 458 ; m Wall. Cat. 8923;
leaf solitary, leaflets all petiolulate acuminate lateral dimidiate cor late
median ovate, nerves broadly reticulate, limb of spathe ovate-lanceo s
incarved caudate-acuminate, appendage cylindric or fusiform at the often
inflated base, narrowed into a very long filiform tail, base not truncate or
disciform. Blume Rumphai.101; Kunth Enum. ii. 18; Schott Melet. 1.
17; Syn. 96; Prodr. 27; Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxiii. 390 ; Bot. Mag.
t Gr Engler Arac. 539. Arum speciosum, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep. 2%

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA ; from Kumaon, to Sikkim, alt. 7-8000 ft., and Bhotan
9-10,000 ft., Griffith. as. Petiolé

Rootstock oblique, or shortly creeping and rooting; often 5 in. diam. 6-19 in
very stout, green, smooth, often marbled with brown or purple; leaflets l ti lule
edged with red or purple, median cuneate or rounded at the base; pe tri
i-2 in. Peduncle much shorter than the petiole. Tube of spathe 2-4 in» " wish
with purple; limb 2-6 in. long, banded white and purple. Spadiz pink or ye varies
tail 12-18 in., dark purple ; base of appendage usually ovoid ; anther-cells 4-5 jt made
ovoid, stigma sessile pulvinate.—Very variable in size and colouring. Schott ma
three species of it, reduced by Engler to two varieties, both founded on my d
they are A. eminens, Schott in (str. Bot. Zeitschr. (1875) 897; Syst. Ara Il. cc.
simply a gigantic specimen with the spathe 8 in.long ; and A. mirabile, Schot ism,
866 and 31, with an abnormally inflated base of the appendage. Wallich’s Art
n. 8925 in fruit, from Tavoy, may be speciosum.

ll. A. intermedium, Blume Rumph. i. 102; leaves 1 or 2, lé
sessile lateral dimidiate-ovate or -cordate median elliptic base acute `
cuneate nerves broadly reticulate, limb of spathe lanceolate me,
narrowed into a filiform cusp, appendage substipitate subcy aa
narrowed from a dilated fusiform base into a very long fusiform A
Kunth Enum. iii. 18; Schott Syn. Aroid. 27; Prodr. 28; Engler Ari
540. A. Stracheyanum, Schott in (Estr. Bot. Zeitschr. (1857), 538; Pro d.

iso, dd Ics and le. ined. Schott in Bonplan
(1859) 26; Prodr. og ` ined. No. ll. A. dolosum, Ge

TEMPERATE WESTERN H1MALAYA,, alt. 7-9000 ft., from Simla to Komae flets

A smaller plant than 4. speciosum, with more membranous sessile Tea d
the median of which is elliptic with a very acute base. From Wallichiant™ a
differs in the elliptic median leaflet, The nervation at once distinguishes it "°
A, costatum. A. dolosum and Stracheyanum in no way differ from intermedium.

12. A. Wallichianum, Hook. f. leaf solitary, leaflets sessile all
rhombic-orbicular, bases cuneate, margins undulate, lateral subequ® * ipte
base, nerves broadly reticulate, limb of spathe oblong or lance, of
caudate-acuminate, appendage shortly stipitate, base dilated trance d
disciform narrowed into a very long filiform tail. A. costatum,

Cat. 8922 non Mart. (not Arum costatum, Tent. Fl. Nep.).

Arisema.] CLXVI, AROIDEE, (J. D. Hooker.) 501

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA; from Simla, alt. 6-8000 ft., to Sikkim, alt.
12-14,000 ft.

Tuber depressed. Petiole 6-12 in.; leaflets 3-8 in., and as broad, rather mem.

ous. Peduncle shorter than the petiole.. Spathe 3-8 in., narrow, striped with
dark purple; limb suberect or slightly incurved, much louger than the tube, tip
fliform.—The Sikkim specimens are much smaller than the Nepalese and western.

À fine drawing of this made in Nepal by Wallich's native artists is in Kew
erbarium.

l3. A. propinquum, Schott in (str. Bot. Zeitschr. (1857) 333;
Prodr. Aroid. 29; leaves 2, leaflets sessile acuminate, lateral dimidiate-
ovate, median rhomboidly orbicular base contracted subpetiolulate, nerves
madly reticulate, limb of spathe oblong or lanceolate caudate-acuminate,
appendage stipitate fusiform above the dilated truncate lobulate base
hatrowed into a filiform shortly exserted tail. A. intermedium, var.
propinquum, Engler Arac. 541.

SIKKIy HIMALAYA, alt. 12,000 ft., J. D.H., Clarke. . losel
Rootstock depressed globose. Petiole very stout, 8 in. long, green, closely
Speckled and striate with dark green ; leaflets 3-4 in. long and broad, succulent,
shining, nerves strong beneath ; basal sheaths long, irrorate with pink purple and
gren, Peduncle about equalling the petiole. Spathe very like Wallichianum an
sum ; limb suberect, striped with purple on the sides, reticulate towards the op.
Spadia pink.—Described chiefly from a drawing of mine. The shortly exserte
Ppendage seems to be a constant character and a great contrast to its allies, It as
regarded by Engler as a variety of intermedium, from which the two leaves an
thombic median leaflet distinguish it.

4, A, costatum, Mart. in Flora (1831) ii. 458 ; leaf solitary, leaflets
or subsessile lateral dimidiate-cordate median broadly ovate a
“udate-acuminate, and with very close set parallel nerves, limb of spathe
thong lanceolate incurved suddenly narrowed into a long filiform tip,
Pendage shortly stipitate subcylindric from a dilated lobulate pase t ot
È wed into a very long filiform tail. Blume Rumph. i. 101; unt
m iii, 17; Schott Syn. Aroid. 26; Prodr. 29; Engler Arac. .
y, tatum, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep. 28, t. 19.
PAL; Walli l
Tuber depre 3-4 in. diam. Petiole 12-18 in., very stout, sheath empracins
White owt green peduncle ; leaflets 10-16 by 5-7 in., dark green. Span e 6 in,
fne Striped with dull purple.— W allich’s published figure in Tent. l. i SN ane
te th S rawing made in Nepal, now in Kew Herbarium, from whic its iken,
all; only authority for this species which in the nervation of the leaves differs
Congeners,
AA Prazeri, H d leaflets ovate acute or
inate ook. f.; leaf solitary, lea
inate, lateral subseesile. median petiolulate, nerves very _plender
drai e of spathe short, limb much longer ed las the ge die
: as ,
base not Sléké base, appendage slender twice

uberous. Petiole 10-18 in., sheathing beyond the middle, or neta
4, broad by about 2 in., nearly symmetrical or lateral rather obłique wi , rounded
lan neate bases; median more elliptic, less acute. Pedune d lo ger o
lim, , paa the petiole, slender. Spathe 3} in., tube 1 in., limb appar ly erect
d e broad, Male fi. very small, subsessile. Ovaries Wéiee: rhe
dag, style with disciform stigma.—A few male fl. occur on

502 CLXVI. AROIDEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Arisema.

16. A. galeatum, N. E. Br. in Gard. Chron. (1879) ii. 102; leaf
solitary, leaflets all petiolulate, lateral dimidiate-ovate or -cordate acumi-
nate crenulate, median elliptic or ovate, tube of green spathe cylindric
top incurved galeate much longer than the ovate-lanceolate acuminate
pendulous limb the lower margins of which are recurved, appendage
gradually narrowed from an elongate conic truncate base into a long
thread. Bot. Mag. t. 6457.

Sixxim HIMALAYA; Gammie (Hort. Kew). al

Tuber small. Petiole 1-2 ft. ; leaflets 7-14 in., median broadest, nerves brow G
reticulate; petiolules 1-14 in. Peduncle much shorter than the petiole. So
4-5 in., striped with white; limb 14 in., hanging half-way down the tube. Sp
white; appendage sessile in the fem., stipitate in the male, thread pale purple

tt Appendage of spadix far exserted bearing many neuters.

17. A. fimbriatum, Masters in Gard. Chron. (1884) ii. 680, f. 119
leaf solitary, leaflets subsessile broadly ovate caudate-acuminate, tube M
purple spathe shorter than the large erect or incurved ovate-lanceola
limb, appendage filiform clothed with filiform neuters. Regel Gartenf.
(1886) 357, f. 40; Bot. Mag. t. 7150; Journ. of Hortic. 1886, f. 19.

LANGKAWI Isrps., north of Penang (Hort. Sander), Curtis. k

Rootstock tuberous, Petiole 6-10 in.; leaflets 5-7 in., nerves deeply n
Peduncle as long as the petiole. Spathe about 6-7 in., tube 23 in., striped: grent
and white, limb striped purple and white. Spadiz very slender throughout ; s
dage twice as long as the tube, pendulous, red-purple, base not swollen; neute
nearly 1 in., flexuous ; male fl. with a few ovaries scattered amongst the lower flowers.
— The Philippine Isld. locality recorded in Gard. Chron. is probably an error.

B. Pepatisecta. Leaves pedatisect. (Sp. 18-22.)
* Appendage of spadiz elongate, far exserted.

18. A. tortuosum, Schott Meletem. i. 17; Syn. 29; Prodr. 9
leaves 2-3, leaflets 5-18 sessile or petiolulate ovate- or linear-lanceolate
subcaudately acuminate, tube of green spathe about as long as the large
incurved broadly cymbiform acuminate limb, appendage narrowed frm?
the base to the tip erect then porrect and again erect. Kunth Enum. in. 5*3
Blume Rumph. i. 105; Engler Lc. 545, and Ie. ined. n. 58. A- carey
tum, Kunth l.c. 20; Schott Syn. 29; Prodr. 37; Dalz. & Gibs. Bom .
Fl. 258; Bot. Mag. t. 5931; “Engler l. c. 544, and Ie. ined. No. 57. 1
Steudelii, Schott in Bonpland. (1839) 26; Prodr. 37; Engler l. c. and A
ined. n. 61. A. helleborifolium, Schott Syn. 99; Prodr. 36. A. comm»
tatum, Schott in Bonpland. (1859) 26; Prodr.35. Arum curvatum, Roxb.
Fl. Ind. iii. $06; Wight Ic. +. 788. A. tortuosum, Wall, Pl. As. Rar.
t. 10.—Arisema, Wall. Cat. 8926, 8927.

TEMPERATE and SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA, alt. 8000 ft., from Simla to Ps:
The gusa Hrs, MUNNIPORE, the WESTERN Guats, from the Concan

alabar.

Tubers spheroidal, attaining 5 in. diam. Petiole 1-3 ft., green or with the
sheaths mottled with purple; leaflets 8-18 in., distant or crowded,
radiately disposed. Peduncle 2-4 ft. Spathe 4-6 in., pale green or purp'*» i.
subcylindric, gaping, gradually dilating into the limb. Spadiz uni- or bisexn®. s
appendage like a rat’s tail, quite smooth.—Very common and varying E
stature, the numbers and proportions and breadth of the leaflets, colou
spathe, and moncecious or diccious flowers. In A. Steudelii there are a few SÉ
above the male fl. The recorded Ceylon habitat is an error.

Árisema.) CLXVI. AROIDEa. (J. D. Hooker.) 503

19. A. Wrayi, Hemsl. in Journ. Bot. (1887) 205; leaves 1-3, leaflets
petiolulate narrowly elliptic-lanceolate tips apiculate or filiform, tube
spathe open as long or longer, limb ovate obtusely acuminate dilated at

€ base with two large revolute auricles, appendage very long filiform
ewe N. E. Br. in Gard. Chron. (1889) ii. 136; Bot. Mag.

Perak, Wray; Larut, alt. 3-4000 ft., Scortechini.

Tuber subglobose, rooting all over. Petiole 12-18 in. and petiolules mottled
green and white and dotted with red; leaflets 6-10 by 1-2 in., dark green, median
longest with petiolule 1-2} in. Peduncle taller than the petiole, slender. Spathe

My erect; limb pale yellow green or lilac with darker stripes. Spadia
"ty slender; fem. with scattered didymous bicuspidate anthers on long filaments
Wie base of the appendage. Stigma penicillate.

= Appendage of spadix included or shortly exserted.

p 9. A, decipiens, Schott in @Œstr. Bot. Zeitschr. (1857) 373;

rodr, 34; dicecious, leaves 2, leaflets 5-7 elliptic-lanceolate caudate-
ah te, lateral sessile on a common petiolule, median long-petiolulate,
á of spathe as long as the lanceolate caudate incurved limb, tailas long
: the rest of the spathe, appendage hardly longer than the tube sub-
"nne Straight. Engler Arac. 542; N. E. Br. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xviii.

Kaasta Hirzs, alt, 5-6000 ft., Griffith, &c.

et dotstock horizontal, rooting, as thick as the thumb. Petiole 12-16 in., slender,

‘oa Sery long, mottled ; leaflets 6-10 in.; petiolule of median 1-1} in. ; lateral

tail whieh ; Peduncle shorter than the petiole. Spathe 4-5 in., excluding the filiform

ich is 3-5 in., dull purple; lower margins not recurved. Spadia slender;

Rises stipitate, cylindric, erect, rather thickened towards the base; male fl.
“e—The Javan habitat is an error.

el x flavum, Schott Prodr. 40; monecious, leaves 2, leaflets 9-11,

th Sessile oblong or lanceolate acuminate, median sessile or petiolulate,
lon S Very short, limb ovate cuspidate or acuminate as long or twice as
ah, the Subhemispheric tube, base not recurved, spadix included,
in Ga Very short clavate. Engler Arac. 548. A. abbreviatum, Schott
No.7 " Bot. Zeitschr. (1857) 882; Prodr. 40; Engler l. c., and Je, ined.
Foray. R Ochafa flava, Schott Syn. 24; Gen. Aroid. App. Arum flavum,

“©. Ægypt. Arab. 157. |

Ry Wee Me HIMALAYA and WESTERN TIBET, alt. 5-9000 ft., from Kashmir to
Arabia, ` CHUMBI; N.E. of Sikkim, King’s Collector.—DisTRIB. Affghanistan,

ipai "ck globose, Petiole 8-12 in., sheath usually very long; leaflets 2-4 in.
em, ing op» green, yellow, or the limb faintly purple below. Spadiz conical ;
inf ofa few rows of closely packed globose ovaries, in close contact with the
top of whi Which consists of a most dense layer of subsessile connate anthers, from the
nt, Wee emerges the appendage, which is about à in. long.—A highly curious
ween, P^ dix quite unlike that of any congener. I find no difference whatever

ten d
the Himalayan and Arabian specimens.

bech Scortechini, Hook. f.; dicecious, leaf solitary, leaflets 3—5
lings; acuminate, lateral subsessile, median petiolulate, tube of spathe
$ limb ovate or ovate-lanceolate erect, tip shortly filiferous, base
k two large rounded spreading auricles.

‘NG, Curtis, PERAK, Scortechini, King’s Collector.

504 OLXVI. AROIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Arisema.

Rootstock horizontal, rooting all over. Petiole 2-6 in., slender, green; leaflets
4—6 in., dark green (with white along the middle in a drawing in Herb. Calcutt.),
tips often shortly flliferous. Spathe 3 in., green; limb 14 in. long, erect, w H
towards the centre, auricles dull yellow-green. Spadia (male) dull purple, narrowly
conical, tapering into the erect naked yellow obtuse appendage.

C. Raptatisecta. Leaflets whorled. (Sp. 23 to end.)
* Spadix much longer than the spathe.

23. A. neglectum, Schott in Bonpland. (1859) 26; Prodr. 36;
moncecious, leaflets 4-7 sessile elliptic or oblanceolate cuspidately acam
nate, tube of spathe cylindric base swollen, limb about as long ob ud
cymbiform acuminate top incurved, appendage twice as long as the E
erect then porrect and again erect. Engler Arac. 554. A. filiforme, .
Enum. 334 (not of BL). A. Wightii, Bot. Mag. t. 5507 (not of Schott).

WESTERN GHATS; from the Concan to the Nilghiri hills, alt. 6000 ft, CEYLON;
in the south part of the island, Thwaites, Huegel. ally

Tuber globose. Leaves 1 or 2; petiole green or clouded; leaflets in
broadest in the middle. Spathe 3—4 in., green ; limb open, margins not Chat of
base not dilated. Spadix rather stout, appendage sessile, remarkably like tha
A, tortuosum.

** Spadix not longer than the spathe.

+ Diccious (rarely monecious). Fem. spadix with neuters above the

inflorescence,

auricles, appendage erect subcylindric top rounded. Schott Melet, j fag
Syn. 31; Prodr. 48; Blume Rumph.i.94; Kunth Enum. iu. 16; y Nep.
t. 6446; Engler Arae. 561. Arum nepenthoides, Wall. Tent. ©”

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA ; alt. 9-11,000 ft.; Nepal, Wallich, Sikkim, T»
&c. the dall
Tuber globose, very large, Leaves 2; petiole peduncle and tube of spa 8
yellowish clouded with dark streaks. Peduncle shorter than the petiole. Plow

6-8 in., tube 2-3 in., cylindric, base not swollen; limb 4 in., whitish within, 7
without; auricles nearly 1 in. broad-green spotted with brown and wit t
purplish-brown margin. Spadi« whitish ; appendage stipitate, much shorter er long
spathe, contracted in the middle. Ovaries obovoid, contracted into are wing ô
style, stigma simple.—Lateral leaflets sometimes lobed at the outer base, $70
tendency to the pedate section.

25. A. Leschenaultii, Blume Rumph i. 93; leaflets 5-11 an,
late acuminate serrulate, tube of spathe cylindric as one e st
suberect cymbiform long caudate-acuminate limb, appendage Schott
cylindric or slightly clavate tip rounded. Kunth Enum. m. St , 0%
Syn. Aroid. 30; Prodr. 51; Engler Arac. 552. A. papillosum, erubes-
Schott Prodr. 46; Thw. Enum. 335; Bot. Mag. t. 5496 (excl. a":
cens); P A. erubescens, Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 258, A. Huege?»
Syn. 27 ; Prodr. 44.—Arisema, Wall. Cat. 8921.

WESTERN Guats, from the Concan southwards. ttled and
Tuber large, globose. Leaf solitary ; petiole 1-2 ft., usually mo

Árisema.) CLXVI. AROIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 505

banded with red and brown; leaflets 4-6 by 14-23 in. Spathe 3-8 in., green

mith broad dark purple bands; tube narrow; limb leaning forward, margins below
irdly recurved, tip straight obtusely acuminate, very variable in length. Spadia
m., nearly cylindric throughout, hardly stipitate ; neuter fl. few short.

26. A. consanguineum, Schott in Bonpland. (1859), 97; Prodr.
33s leaflets about 15 (10-20) narrowly linear-lanceolate with long capillary
ips, spathe green, limb about equalling the tube broadly ovate or ovate-

deeolate.incurved with a long filiform tip margin recurved at the base,
*Ppendage stout cylindric obtuse.—Ariswma, Wall. Cat. 8915.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, alt. 5-7000 ft. from Garwhal to Sikkim. KHASIA
Hits, alt. 4-6000 ft. Munnrpore, Watt,
ber depressed globose, 1-5 in. diam. Leaf solitary; petiole 1-4 ft., often
"wr stout. and peduncle mottled dark pink and red or brown; leaflets 3-16 in.,
žin, broad, filiform tips 1-3 in. Spathe 3-7 in., excluding the filiform tip,
margins more or less recurved below. Spadia# hardly longer than the tube,
*PPendage subsessile with a few neuters at the base.

woe A. concinnum, Schott in Bonpland. (1859) 27; Prodr. Avoid.
i leaflets 7-11 subsessile narrowly lanceolate or oblanceolate acuminate,
ube of spathe elongate cylindric, limb broadly ovate narrowed into a very
91g decurved tail margins below not or slightly recurved, spadix usually
much shorter than the spathe, appendage very slender erect tip clavate
pacate, base not thickened. Engl. Arac. 556; Bot. Mag. t. 5914; N. E.
sot Journ. Linn. Soc. xviii. 254, A. alienatum & affine, Schott ll. cc.
27; 45-51.—Arisema, Wall. Cat. 8920.
TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, alt. 6-10,000 ft. from Garwhal to Bhotan.
"a globose. Leaf solitary; petiole 1-2 ft. and peduncle green or mottled
rown or purple; leaflets 8-12 in. Peduncle shorter than the petiole. Spathe
nd TE purple striped with white, tube 2-3 in. ; limb as long or shorter, open.
fe V slender; sometimes moneecious; appendage exserted beyond the tube,
™ With a few neuters at its base.—Very near A. Leschenaultii, differing in the
hae appendage. A small state from Sikkim, alt. 10-11,000 ft., has more
tely obovate cuspidately caudate leaves,

lian A. pulchrum, N.E. Br. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xviii. 252, t. 6;
pets 8-19 cuneately oblanceolate cuspidate, tube of spathe elongate
Ze below infundibular and gaping above, limb broadly ovate sud-
uly narrowed into a decurved tail as long as the tube margins below
aj’ SPPendage stout cylindric erect rather thickened below, tip

e
t n 2
Void ine Pathe, shortly exserted beyond the tube; appendage with an elongate

+ e .
Diæcious. Neuters 0.

3. A. Jac i. 95; leaflets 5-7 elliptio- or

` ue ume Rumph. i. 95; leafle p
perte lenceolate Seit tube of Ppathe narrow green, limb as
lag s longer oblong- or ovate-lanceolate incurved narrowed into a
i "d acuminate erect or drooping tail, appendage elongate stipitate
ore Om the conical or truncate base to the slender forward
Rg tip, Decne, in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 168, t. 168; Kunth Enum. lll.

506 CLXVI. AROIDEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Arisema,

16; Schott Syn. Aroid. 31; Syst. 43; Engl. Arac. 555. A. cornutum,
Schott in Bonpland. (1859), 27; Prodr. 48; Engler l. c. 557.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, from Kashmiri alt. 7-8000 to Bhotan, alt. 10-12,000

` der ;
Tuber subglobose. Leaves solitary or 2; petiole 3-3 ft., stout or slender;
leaflets 2-6 by 12h in., almost caudate-acuminate but not filiferous. geg ks
in., striped with white, margins narrowly recurved below, tip often render
3-3 in. long. Appendage stipitate, sometimes with a truncate base, at ot a S this
from an ellipsoid base.— Very variable in size. In a specimen apparently ndage
species from Sikkim and another from Kumaon (Duthie, 6063) the Sppe The
is 4 in. quite as long as the limb of the spathe (without its long o? A
spathe is incurved above the middle and terminates in a very long erect horn.

30. A. exile, Schott in Bonpland. (1859), 26; Prodr. 42; Je?
5-11 narrowly oblanceolate finely acuminate, spathe very narrows dage
elongate, limb as long lanceolate narrowed into a long thread, "H, or
stipitate very slender filiform as long as the tube of the spathe. Jm
Arac. 554.—Arisema, Wall. Cat. 8918.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA; Nepal, Wallich. . . Jeaflets

Tuber small. Leaves solitary or 2; petiole 8-26 in., very slender ; b hardly
3-6 in., minutely erose. Peduncle longer than the petiole. Spathe 4 in., d margins
broader than the tube, pale green striped with white, slightly incurvea, Se?
hardly recurved below, filiform tip 1-3 in. Spadiæ very slender; app
stipitate, base ovoid.

31. A. erubescens, Schott Meletem.i. 17; Syn. 30; P rodr, 95i
leaflets 9-12 narrowly oblanceolate acuminate glaucous beneath, | Aure
pink spathe cylindric, limb oblong or ovate-oblong or -lanceolate ege
narrowed into a long filiform tail, margins below recurved, app
stout erect subcylindric from an elongate ovoid base, tip rounded. oratum,
Rumph. i. 93; Kunth E am. ii. 16; Engler Arac. 507. A. Mur ii
Schott in Bonpland. (1859), 28. Arum erubescens, Wall. Pl. As. 44”
30, t. 135.—A riszeema, Wall. Cat. 8917.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA ; Nepal, Wallich ; Sikkim 6-8000 ft., IDB. o ano
Tuber subglobose. Leaf solitary ; petiole 12-18 in., and peduncle pale ` fliferous.
streaked with red in bars; leaflets 5-7 in., margins undulate, tips no be longe?
Spathe about 4 in., excluding the filiform tail, white striped with rose ; Ke ond the
than the incurved rather broader limb. Appendage hardly exserted bey
tube pale.—Differs from A. exile chiefly in the stout short appendage.

-9
32. A. echinatum, Schott Meletem. i. 17; Prodr. 49; leaflets T^
narrowly lanceolate caudate-acuminate, tube of green spathe infan us tail
limb ovate-lanceolate incurved tapering into a very long pendulo ose of
margins below revolate, appendage short cylindric top truncate e 999i
echinulate. Blume Rumph. 1. 94; Kunth Enum. iii. 16; Engler Ara 136.—
Wall. Cat. 8916. Arum echinatum, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 30, t siat. t
Pythonium, sp. Griff. Itin. Notes 176; Notul. ii. 156 ; Ic. Pl.

. H:
TEMPERATE HIMALAYA; Nepal, Wallich; Sikkim, alt. 9—11,000 ft—J-D.
Bhotan, Griffith. all green

Tuber small, globose. Leaf solitary ; petiole 10-18 in., and peduncle . d with
or streaked with red-brown, leaflets 6-12 in. Spathe 6-10 in., greenish, we padis
white and brown, or purple within, tail longer than the limb and tape ed with
hardly exserted ; appendage stipitate, contracted in the middle, white strea
purple, base rather swollen rounded, tip green.

Arisema, ] CLXVI. AROIDEEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 507

3. A. filicaudatum, N. E. Br. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xviii. 253;
leaflets 5-7 shortly petiolulate oblanceolate-cuspidately acuminate, tube
of spathe short cylindric, limb about as long very broadly ovate abruptly
caudate, tail very long and slender tip clubbed, spadix very slender,
appendage slender exserted erect hardly thickened at the base tip
davellate smooth.

CEYLON, at Morowe Korle, alt. 3000 ft., Thwaites.

Leaf solitary; petiole 1 ft. ; leaflets petiolulate, 6 by 2-2} in, very thin.
Peduncle about equalling the petiole. Tube of spathe 1} in., limb short, incurved,
tail filiform 6 in. Spadiw unisexual; male fl. scattered, subsessile.—Only one
Specimen seen,

X. A. fraternum, Schott in Bonpland. (1859), 26; Prodr. 45;
leaflets 7-9 elliptic-lanceolate finely acuminate, tube of green spathe
trlindric shorter than the broadly ovate erect cuspidately acuminate (not
caudate) limb, appendage sessile stout subclavate top rounded. A.
leschenaultii (in part), Engler Arac. 552.

Kuasta HILLS; Churra, alt. 4000 ft. Griffith.

Tuber depressed globose. Leaf solitary ; petiole 6-12 in., reddish barred with
ler streaks ; leaflets 3-5 in., sessile, tips not filiferous. Peduncle shorter than

petiole, Spathe 4-5 in., suberect, limb recurved at the base. Spadiz very
stout, shortly exserted, of male sessile, green.—Griffith’s are the only specimens that

ve seen, but there is a fine drawing in Herb. Calcutt. without a habitat.

35, A. Wightii, Schott in Bonpland. (1859), 26; Prodr. 43; leaflets
6-8 cuneately obovate cuspidately acuminate, tube of spathe as long as the
ovate-lanceolate caudate acuminate limb margin below recurved, append-
Z stipitate slender, narrowed from a conical base to the tip. A.

"equemoptii (in part), Engler Arac. 555.

Eens HILLS, Wight, King. .

GET spherical. Petiole 8-12 in.; leaflets 4-5 by 1j-2 in., sessile or shortly
Petiolulate, Spathe 4-6 in., apparently striped white and purple, limb rather broader

the tube, gradually narrowed into a tail 3-2 in. long. Male spadiz 2 in.

d A. ochraceum, Schott in Bonpland. (1859), 97; Prodr. 49;
ous, tube of spathe cylindric rather swollen below as long as the
oh mbiform erect shortly cuspidate limb, appendage stipitate stout
me contracted in the middle tip rounded base swollen lobulate
cate intruded. Engler Arac. 559.
Sikxx ry HIMALAYA; summit of Tonglo, alt. 10,000 ft.— J.D. H.
n" Tadiatisect. Peduncle stout and tube of spathe pale red streaked with
` Spathe 54 in. long; limb yellowish with brown stripes, lower margin not
em. spadix stout, appendage nearly as long as the limb of the spathe,
3 Ovaries green with purple stigmas.— Founded on a drawing of mine of a
*Spathe and spadix, and note as to the leaves being radiatisect.

Moneecious or rarely dicecious. Neuters 0 or Sew.

97, A, ie.
Wii" Murrayi, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4388; leaflets 5-9 ovate- or
iuf lanceolate acuminate, tube of spathe broadly cylindric base almost
tandate) ; mb as long or longer broadly ovate cymbiform acute (not
- Seet ‘neurved lower margins dilated round the mouth of the tube,
A D Curved narrowed from the base to the tip included or exserted.
2; pg "he Bomb. Fl.958; Schott Syn. 31; Prodr. 44; Engler Arac.
pt Serres, t. 1322. Arum Murrayi, Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 229.

508 CLXVI. AROIDEE, (J, D. Hooker.) [Arisema.

The Concan; in the Ghats, Gibson, Sc. . . .

Zuber large. ` Leaf solitary, ec the flowering ; petiole 10-14 35 and
subequal pc duncle greenish mottled with red-brown ; leaflets 4-6 in, Spathe vi
tube green. striated, $-1 in. diam.; limb rather broader, margins not recurva ,
except round the mouth of the tube. Spadix narrowed from the base upward ;
appendage 1—1j in., sessile; male fl, scattered, with a few neuters above them.

38. A. caudatum, Engler Monog. Arac. 559; leaflets 7 cuneately
elliptic acuminate with long capillary tips, tube of spathe nto a
cylindric, limb incurved ovate-lanceolate rather abruptly narrowe hott
very long subulate tail, margins below recurved, appendage rather 8
not thickened below included.

The Concan, Stocks (Ic. in Herb. Kew). duncle irro-

Tuber depressed globose. Leaf solitary; petiole stout, and pedunc f the
rately barred and streaked ; leaflets petiolulate, 5 by 2 in. exclusive, a exe
thread-like tips which are 1-3 in. long. Peduncle very short. Spathe than the
clusive of the 3 in. caudate tip. Spadiz androgynous; appendage shorter

flowering portion, tip rounded,— Described from a drawing by Stocks ; I bave seen
no specimen,

UNRECOGNIZED SPECIES.

AP? PENTAPHYLLUM, Schott Meletem. i. 17; Syn. 28; P rodr. $9; Kents
Enum, iii. 20; Blume Rumph. i. 109; Engler Arac. 560. Arum pentapny t?
Linn. Sp. Pl. 964.— Ind. Or. ; China. e Schott

A? HEPTAPHYLLUM, Blume Rumphia i. 109; Kunth Enum. m. 20.

Syn. 31; Prodr. 59; Engler Arac. 560.—Ind. Or.

5. SAUROMA' TUM, Schott.

Tuberous herbs, leafing after flowering. Leaf solitary, pedatipar tt
Spathe shortly peduncled, tube cylindric short, margins connate ` male
limb very long, reflexed, narrow, open. Spadix sessile, very long à avate
and fem. infi. widely distant, short, dense fid., with a few large © long
scattered neuters close above the fem.; appendage slender, Le lled;
as the spathe. Anthers subsessile, 4-celled. Ovaries oblong, SÉ
stigma sessile ; ovules 1-2, basal, erect. Berries obpyramidal, Ise
Species tropical Asiatic and African.

` inn.
71. S. sessiliflorum, Kunth Le: Schott l c.; N. E. Br. in Journ. H
Soc. xviii. 256. S simlense, Schott in Gistr. Bot. Zeitschr. (1899) tatum,
Prodr. 72; N. E. Br. l. c. ; in Gard. Chron. (1880), ii. 134, 198. S. uno?
C. Koch in Berlin Wochenschr. i. 963; N. E. Br. in Gard. Chrony,
l.
Enum. Suppl. 54; Link. et Otto Ic. 19, t. 8. A. sessiliflorum, Bont: iy.
Ind. ii. 507; Wight Ic. t. 800. A. venosum, Lindl. Bot. Reg. v
A. clavatum, Desf. Cat. Hort. Par. 385.

to
The PANJAB, UPPER GANGETIO PLAIN, and the HIMALAYA, from Nepal
Simla, ascending to 5000 ft.? The Concan, Herb. Stocks. ts or lobes
Tuber large. Petiole stout, 12-18 in.; leaf 6-12 in. broad, segmen ied or tbe
7-15, very variable, 2-15 by 1-3 in., lobes of young leaves sometimes roun Peduncl®
lateral dimidiate-ovate or cordate, when numerous oblong or lanceolate. bgloLose ;
1-2 in., very stout, green or spotted, Spathe 12-28 in., tube ovoid or SUPE

Sauromatum.] CLXVI. AROIDER. (J. D. Hooker.) 509

limb linear-lanceolate, thick, green or yellowish with dark purple spots or blotches,

margins usually purple and waved. Spadia as long as the spathe or nearly so; fem.

inf. } in. ; neuters in. long, spreading ; male infl. 3 in. above the fem., à in. long ;

anthers densely packed 3 appendage 2-8 in., cylindric and obtuse, or narrowed from

the base to a fine point, green or dark purple.—S. guttatum is confined to North-
est India, except Stocks’ specimens should prove to be from the Concan, of which
Té 18 NO evidence,

6. ARUM, Linn.

Tuberous herbs. Leaves simple. Spathe deciduous or withering, tube
tonvolute; limb cymbiform, erect. Spadia exserted, androgynous, with
subulate suberect neuters between the male and fem. infl., and deflexed
ones above the male; appendage subcylindrie. Anthers sessile, pollen
vermiform, Ovary 1-celled ; stigma sessile; ovules many on 2-3 parietal
placentas. Berries obovoid, many-seeded. Seeds albuminous, embryo
txile—Species about 20, Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia.

A. J acquemontii, Blume Rumph. i. 118; leaves hastately sagittate
or hastate, limb of spathe narrowly lanceolate acuminate or caudate.
QUU Prodr. 99, A. Griffithii, Schott Syn. i. 15; Prodr. l e: Boiss.

nt. v.38; N. E. Br. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xviii. 257.
mA Inia, Jacquemont. KASHMIR; Gilgit, alt. 6-7000 ft., Giles —DisTRIB.

ghan. i
Tuber as large as a chesnut. Leaves 5-12in.; petiole 5-16 in. Peduncle equal-
gor longer than the petiole. Spathe 3-7 in., white-greenish or purplish. Ovaries

Berries red.

lin

7. TYPHONIUM, Schott.

Tuberous herbs. Leaves entire, 3-5-lobed or pedatisect. Tube of
Aie short, convolute, mouth constricted, persistent; limb ovate-oblon
äis or linear, deciduous. Spadix exserted, male and fem. indl.
ay ` With neuters above the fem. and sometimes below the males;
Dpendage elongate, smooth. Anthers subsessile. Ovaries 1-celled ;
ma sessile; ovules 1-2, basal, erect, orthotropous. Berries ovoid, 1-2-
tropa’ pẹ Seeds globose, albuminous; embryo axile.—Species about 13,

Ples of the Old World.

* Limb of spathe broadly ovate, open, narrowed into a long point.

1 T. trilobatum, Schott in Wien. Zeitschr. iii. (1829) 72; Aroid. i.
slk 16; Syn. 18; Prodr. 108; leaves hastately 3-lobed or sub-3-partite,
stipi TS above fem. infi. very many and long filiform curved, appendage
faato ase expanded truncate lobulate intruded. Blume Rumph. i. 132
LE Kunth. Enum. iii. 26 (in part) ; Engler Arac. 614; in Bull. Soc.
Beho Ort. lv. 901; N. E. Br. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xviii, 261. T. orixense,

Iw n Wien. Zeitsch. l. c., Wall. Cat. 8899. T. siamense, Engler l. c.
95. e triste, Grif. Notul. iii. 145. Arum trilobatum, Linn. Sp. D
Mie Enum, 334; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pi 223. A. orixense, Roxb, Ft.
t 356 503; Wight Ic. t. 801; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 442; Andr. Bot. Rep.
Lamy. ot. Reg. t. 450 ; Griff. Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 50 (anal.). ? A pomilam,
l e. g9 ge. i. 8. P Arisæma pumilum, Blume Rumph. i. 107; Kun

` Schott Syn. 27; Prodr. 59.
xs rm BENGAL, Burma, the EASTERN and WESTERN PENINSULA and CEYLON.

B. Siam, Malay Islds.

510 OLXVI. AROIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Typhonium

Tuber subglohose. Leaves 5-12 in. diam. ; lobes ovate, acute; petiole 1 ft. or
shorter. Peduncle 1-4 in. Spathe 3-12 in. long; limb 14-4 in. broad, red purple
inside, nearly flat, tip not twisted. Appendage bright red, stout or slender.

2. T. Roxburghii, Schott Aroid. i. 12, t. 17; Prodr. 106; leaves
hastate or cordately triangular or 3-lobed or 3-partite with 1 rarely 2 veins
in the sinus, neuters above the fem. infl. subulate crowded spreading and
decurved, appendage very slender stipitate base truncate. Saunders,
Refug. Bot. t. 983. T. divaricatum y and ô, Engler Arac. 612. T.
javanicum, Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. iii. 193; Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. iii. t. 3 B, in
Bot. Zeit. (1856) 563; Schott Prodr. 107; Engler Ic. ined. No. 13, Aram
trilobatum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 505; Wight Ic. t. 803.—Arisarum amboin-
ense, Rumph. v. 320, t. 110, f. 2.

SINGAPORE, Kunstler (in Herb. Calcutt.), Ceylon, Thwaites, —DISTRIB. wie

A smaller and more delicate plant than A. trilobatum with a very slender spa 1
and much shorter decurved neuters. The tip of the spathe is very slender uM
usually twisted in Ceylon specimens, as in Roxburgh’s description; but not 1
Saunders’ figure.

3. T. Motleyanum, Schott Prodr. 106; differs from T. Roxburgh
in the presence of 2-3 veins in the sinus of the leaves which are consi p
ably larger. T. divaricatum var. Motleyanum, Engler Arac. 612; Je,
Arac. ined. No. 130.

MaraAcca, Herb. Wight; Maingay. PENANG, King’s Collector.—DISTRIP.
Borneo.

Very near T. Rozburghii, with similar neuters, but leaves with much more
numerous nerves.

4. T. divaricatum, Decne. in Ann. Nat. Hist. ii. (1834); leave
hastate or deeply cordately sagittate entire or su -8-lobed, b 1p o
spathe twisted, neuters above the fem. infi. short linear suberect, 12
appendage rounded or truncate. Wight Ic. t. 790; Blume Rumph. t 17
t. 36; Kunth Enum. iii. 26; Schott Aroid. i. 12, t. 18; Gen. Aroid, $ c
Syn. 17 ; Prodr. 106 ; Engler Arac. 611 (excl. vars.) Ic. ined. No. 1 le
Mokou Zoussets, Ed. 2, xix. t. 4.4 Arum divaricatum, Linn. Sp. Pl. [ 928.
1369; Rowb. Fl. Ind. ii. 503; Wall. Cat. 8930 ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. P
A. trilobatum, Bot. Mag. t. 329 and 2324.—Rheede Hort. Mal. xi. t. 27.

Deccan PENINSULA, Mootaloor, Herb. Wight (ex Wall. Cat.). DST"?
Colombo and Peradenya.—Disrris. Malay Islds., Japan, China. jp 1-2 in
- Tuber curved. Leaves 2-5 by 2-4 in.; petiole 4-8 in. Pedune

` : is
Spathe 4-7 by 14-3 in., red brown, narrowed into a long tail sometimes tw?
at the tip.

at

** Timb of spathe linear-oblong.

te

5. T. diversifolium, Wall. Cat. 8933; leaves orate-lancert
cordate sagittate or hastate to 3-5-lobed or pedatisect lateral lobes M
triangular to linear, spathe acuminate, neuters above the fom at the
clavate tips, appendage shorter than the spathe slightly SWO C7 "x p.

foliolosum, Engler l. c. 618. Heterostalis diversifolia 110
Schott in Œstr. Bot. Zeit. (1857) 261; Gen. Aroid. t. 18; Prodr. ^ e
Huegeliana, Schott I. cc.; N. E. Br. im Gard. Chron. (1879) ™
Arisema? Wall. Cat. 8928 in part.

Typhonium. } CLXVI AROIDEE, (J. D. Hooker.) 511

WESTERN HIMALAYA; Nepaland Kumaon, alt. 6-8000 ft., Wallich, &c.
a alt. 7-10,000 ft. TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, alt. 6-11,000 ft., from Simla to
tan.

Tuber globose. Leaves extremely variable, 3-5 in. long, and as much across the
lobes which vary from 3-7, from oblong to narrowly linear, and spread variously ;
petiole 3-12 im. Peduncle 2-9 in. Spathe erect, 2-8 in., acuminate, purplish.
Appendage stout or slender.

, TR Limb of spathe narrowed from an ovate or lanceolate short base

tito a long tail.

6. T. brevipes, Hook. J^; leaves pedately 5-7-partite, segments

lanceolate long-acuminate, peduncle very short, spathe lanceolate pro-

‘teed into a narrow linear tail, neuters above the fem. infl. with clavate

tips, appendage very long and slender, base not thickened. T. pedatum,
m (Batz, Bot. Wochenbl. (1857) 262 (in part).

SikkIM HIMALAYA; near Darjeeling, alt. 7-3000 ft., on rocks and tree trunks,
^ HB. Clarke, Gammie. u

et depressed globose. Leaves membranous ; segments 2-10 by 4-14 in.;
petiole 4-19 in. Peduncle 4-3 in. Spathe with a tumid ellipsoid tube $ in. long,
mb 4j in, long by } in. broad, membranous, Neuters yellow on capillary stalks ;
Pendage as long as the spathe very slender.—A curious species. I have seen but
re spathe, collected by Mr. Gammie.

E. bulbiferum, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. iv. (1852) 113; leaves
ln, gular-hastate sagittate or cordate, spathe very slender from a short
ste base, neuters above the fem. infl. linear erect, appendage equal-
ng the Spathe filiform base rounded op cuneate. Schott Prodr. 100;

Arac. 611; Ic. ined. n. 129; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 258.

SoUTRERN Concan, Stocks, &c. -

"i-i in. Leaves 2-4 in. long and often as broad across the ” lobes,
Sr acute; petiole 5 6 in., slender, usually with a pisiform tuber at the top.
unele l-2} in. Spathe pale rose, 3-5 in., convolute. Spadiw as long, slender,
j Reuters in one series fleshy, rather incurved, yellow (acinaciform, Stocks).

Pie T. pedatum, Schott. in (str. Bot. Wochenbl. (1857) 262 (in part);
in 108 (non Engler); leaves pedatisect, segments lanceolate, spathe
‘acuminate, nenters above the fem. infl. many crowded filiform erect,

dan slender, base not thickened. N. E. Br. in Journ. Linn. Soc.

Prev, McLelland. .
iin taves about 4 in. broad ; segments 7, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, about 4 by
Be der Smaller, Peduncle liin. Spathe 24 in. longer than the spadix.—

ed on a single s ecimen. As pointed out by Mr. Brown, the Sikkim plant
( ee to this by Schrott is another species (T. brevipes, H. f.), and.that of Engler
913) is T. fallax, N. E, Br., a native of Java.

0, T. eus it. 101; Rumph. i. 133
` Pidatum, Blume Cat. Hort. Buit. ; ] ;

id £ 1-3; leaves sagittateiy cordately or hastately ovate oblong or
t vero ate, limb of spathe with a short lanceolate base produced into
Sub d long slender tail, lower neuters above the fem. infl. clavate upper
base e Sppendage produced into a long filiform tail equalling the spathe
k Aral, Decne. Descr. Herb. Timor. 39; Kunth Enum. iii. 26 ; Schott
y dd. i. 12; Syn. 19; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 194; Engler Arac. 616 ;
C Br. in Journ, Linn. Soc. xviii. 262. T. flagelliforme, Blume in Wall,

512 CLXVI. AROIDEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Typhonium.

i } 101. A.

Cat. n. 8931. Arum cuspidatum, Blume Cat. Hort. Buitenz.
flagelliforme, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 396 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 502 ; Wight E:
t. 791; Griff. Itin. Notes, 13, No. 193; Grif. Notul. ii. 144 (Hage
A. angulatum, Griff. Notul. iii. 143.—Rheede Hort. Mal. ii. t. 20. E

Lower BENGAL, the MALAYAN PENINSULA and BURMA.—DISTRIB. Malay mE

Tuber subglobose. Leaves 1-7 in., sometimes almost 3-partite and m base.
the linear or oblong lobes, at others quite simple with a rounded or ed apillose
Petiole 6-12 in. Peduncie slender, long or short. Spathe 4-8 in., lurid red, p
within. Appendage as long as the spathe or a little longer.

10. T. gracile, Schott Aroid. i. 12; Prodr. 108 ; leaves pedately hed
partite, segments elliptic-oblong acuminate lateral lobed at the o have the
spathe very long and slender from a lanceolate base, neuters a s the
fem. infl. filiform recurved or revolute, appendage sessile as y 13.
spathe narrowed from the base to the very slender tip. Eng Cal Bomb.

rum gracile, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 505; Wight Ie. t. 793; Grah. s Val. ii.
Pl. 228. ? Ariswma gracile, Kunth Enum. iii. 21.—Rheede Hort.
t. 21.

ej — ANJAB;
SILHET, Rozburgh ; Kuasta Hrs, Grifith (Kew Distrib. 6000).—The P
Jhelum river, Aitchison.

e ile or
Tuber globose.. Leaves 4-6 in. broad across the segments, which. nate + petiole
petiolulate, and from broadly oval to oblong or lanceolate, 5-8 in ?
6-12 in. ; petiolules sometimes 1 in. Peduncle l-lj in. Spathe me

8. THERIOPHONUM, Blume. sagit-
Characters of Typhonium, but leaves always undivided cordate or PE
tate, neuters all subulate, anthers didymous and the more an All
ovules basilar and pendulous from the top of the ovarian
ndian.

the
* Anthers beaked, opening by slits. Neuters many, all near

anthers.

. indric
l. T. crenatum, Blume Rumph. i. 198; spathe 4-5 in. qub li in.
margins waved and crenate, anthers shortly beaked, "eir. (1858) 2;
Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. ii. 196; Schott in (Estr. Bot. Zeitschr. ^. rostra
Aroid. i. 15, t. 21; Prodr. 102; Engler Arac. 607 (excl. var. PPS
ium); N. E. Br. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xviii. 259. T. Klein, m, Schott
Gistr, Bot. Zeit. 1858 ; 1. c. 3; Prodr. 103. Typhonium ur wa Bot.
Melet. i. 17. Wall. Cat. 8934. Arum crenatum, Wight in
Misc. ii. 100; Suppl. t.3; Grak. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 298.
The Deccan, Concan and Carnatic, Heyne, &c. . or core
Tuber small. Leaves 3-4 in. long and often as broad, orbicular hastato ase of
dately sagittate; petiole 4-12 in. Spathe membranous, pale yellow-gree! >

: n
tube broadly truncate, intruded. Spadix half as long as the spathe ; app?
cylindric, dark-purple.

, 109;
2. T. Wightii, Schott in (Estr. Bot. Zeitschr. (1858) 35 Pro aen
spathe 4-6 in. linear-oblong acute, anthers long-beaked, lom tom, `
Ah in. N. E. Br. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii. 259. T. SW honium
rostratum, Engler Arac. 607 (excl. syn. arum crenatum). ^JP
minutum, Schott ez Wall. Cat. 8939 (not of Blume).
The Carnatic, Wight.

, + different:
‘a Very near T. crenatum, Leaves sometimes 3-lobed.—Specimens indiffe

Theriophonum.] OLXVI. AROIDER. (J. D Hooker.) 513

3. T. zeylanicum, X. E. Br. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xviii. 258; spathe
m., anthers globose shortly beaked, lower neuters twice as long as
the upper. Arum divaricatum, Thw. Enum. 334 (excl. syn.).
CEYLON ; common in the hotter parts of the island, Thwaites.
ves hastate, 31—7 in. long, lobes linear or median broader; petiole 4-12 in.
eduncle 1}-4 in. Spadix li-2 in. Ovaries few.

** Anthers not beaked, opening by pores. Lowerneuters near the ovaries,

upper few or O.

4 T. Dalzellii, Schott Aroid.i.15; Syn.21; spathe 5-7 in. Engler
Tia" Tapinocarpus Dalzellii, Schott Gen. Aroid. t. 15; Prodr. 104.
-Indieus, Dalz. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. (1851) 346.

The Southern Concan and Northern Canara, Stocks, Talbot.

er size ofa walnut. Leaves 4-6 in., elliptic oblong or linear, base rounded

te or sagittate ; petiole 3-10 in., very stout. Peduncle stout ; fruiting twisted

decurved to the ground. Spathe oblong-lanceolate, tube white; limb flat,

pa Ple, Appendage terete, twice» as long as the infl.—Much the stoutest

l 5. T. infaustum, N. E. Br. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xviii. 260; spathe
"2 m. T. Wightii, Engl. Arac. 608 (not of Schott). Calyptrocoryne
A, Schott in (tr, Bot. Wochenbl. (1857) 262; Prodr. 105; Gen.

we. t. 16. Typhonium minutum, Blume Rumph.i. 134; Engler, l. c. 609.

,QIunutum, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 484; Grah, Cat. Bomb. Pl. 298. A.
(ueronatum, in part, Spreng. Syst. iii. 769.—Rheede Hort. Mal. xi. t. 17
(mail figure),

MALABAR (Rheede); p ;
; Paul Ghat, Wight.
ege as in T. Direta but smaller with the basal lobes usually rounded.
does ymo lanceolate, acute, white or purplish. Appendage stipitate, base
conical.

9. AMORPHOPHALLUS, Blume.

a überous herbs, flowering before leafing. Leaves 3-partite, segments

ect. Spathe various ; limb campanulate infundibular convolute or
m, "arcescent. Spadiz exserted or included ; appendage large, short or
Ail E IM. cylindric, dense fld, male and fem. contiguous, neuters 0.

I-eeelleg or obor
a? Style short or long, stigma entire or 2-4-lebed ; ovules solitary,

e . Jh anatropous. Berries subglobose or obovoid. Seeds exalbumi

World embryo macropodous.—Species about 30-40, tropics of the

D
Style many times longer than the ovary.

ee in Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Poy js" campanulatus, Blume ex Decne. in Ann.
wi (1834), 366 (exel. all syn. but Roch): peduncle very short and

Bee TE, spathe campanulate limb suberect or recurved waved and

Cong} n
Gef? amorphous sinuously-lobed. Zhw. Enum. 335. Dalz. & Gibs.

And

i Wight Ic. t. 785, and P 782.

Pur |
von LI INDIA, from the PANJAB to BENGAL, the DkccAN, and "er

514 OLXVI, AROIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Amorphophallus.

Tuber a depressed bulbilliferous sphere 8-10 in. diam. Leaves 1-2, 1-3 ft. broad,
segments simple or forked; leaflets oblong, acute; petiole dark green with pale
blotches. Peduncle elongating in fruit ; sheaths linear-oblong. Spathe 6-9 in. across
the orbicular-ovate obtuse limb, coriaceous or fleshy, variable in colour, green, usually
with white spots below, greenish purple above, rough and dark purple within towards
the base. Spadia very stout; fem. infl. cylindric, male subturbinate ; appendage
dark-purple, sometimes 6 in. diam. Berries obovoid.—The geographical limits of
this species are quite uncertain (owing to its being cultivated widely in the East for
its tubers) ; and its synonymy is so mixed that I have withheld many sup
synonyms and all habitats but India. The name campanulatus first appeared under
Amorphophallus in 1834, in Decaisne’s paper cited above, as a Timor plawi
and Roxburgh’s Arum campanulatum is there given by Blume as its type, toget he
with Arum Rumphii, Gaud. in Freyc. Voy. Bot. 127, t. 34, &c. Whether either of the
above is the Timor plant has never been discovered, but the appended descrip”.
applies to Roxburgh’s species. In 1835 in Rumphia, Blume described, also as * o
burgh's Arum campanulatum, and giving the same diagnosis as ln Decaisne)
a very much larger Javanese plant, with a widely expanded spathe and longe
spadix with a long conico-ovoid appendage. As Blume evidently all _
believed that he was dealing with Roxburgh’s Indian plant I think it best to o
and limit the Indian species in accordance with his intentions and his and Roxbut sh
diagnosis, and accept Dr. Prain’s name for the Javanese plant (A. Rex) “Brit
being also a native of the Andaman Islds., comes within the pale of the m
Ind. Flora. Wight gives copies of two drawings of Roxburgh's A. camp aiy
latus, one, t. 785, the true plant; the other, t. 732, has a much larger b Wi
campanulate spathe, 15 in. diam., with recurved margins, more like t this
A. Rez, but with a short broad appendage 8 in. diam, and about as tall. à abt
Wight says he finds no description in Koxburgh’s Flora; it is, however, no T

to it that Roxburgh alludes in speaking of large plants with the appendage 6 in-
lam, `

2. A. Rex, Prain mss.; peduncle very short and petiole rougi,
spathe broadly campanulate with waved revolute margins, spadix mu
longer than the spathe, appendage elongate conoid sinuously waved.
campanulatus, Blume Rumph. i. 139, t. 32, 33 (excl. syn.).

ANDAMAN [srDs.; Narcondam Islds., Prain.—DisTRIB. Java. d tuber
A very much larger plant than A. campanulatus, with the depress ments
attaining nearly a foot diam., the leaf blade 5 ft. diam., the alternate wi in.
6-10 in., the petiole attaining 5 ft., and stout peduncle 2-3 in. elongating el te re
infruit. Spathe very broadly campanulate, 12-18 in. diam., with broad undu ^
volute margins, sometimes produced on one side into a prolonged pendulous prt
red-purple, Spadiz, &c., as in A. campanulatus, but much larger, with a conica
appendage 10-14 in. long, that rises high above the spathe, is broadly
and purple-brown or pale and spotted with brown. .
E n.
_ 3, A. dubius, Blume Rumph. i. 142; petiole rough, spathe 97
diam. subsessile campanulate with a rather long oblong tube Ni
waved quite entire suberect or spreading limb, spadix shorter t ii
spathe, appendage globosely ovoid quite smooth. Kunth Enum dem
Schott Syn. 98; Prodr. 1305 Bot. Mag. t. 5187 ; Engler Arac. 310.

tium polyphyllum, Denst. Clav. Hort. Mal. 38 (not of Lim)?
Mal. xi. t. 18.

MALABAR (Rheede), CEYLON, Thwaites.

Leaves as in A. campanulatus ; petiole green with pale blotches.,
short; sheaths equalling the tube of the spathe, oblong, retuse, apiculate disk déi
with the tube 3 in. long, green without and within; limb ovate in outline, e inf.
dark purple with a bright green narrow waved border. Spadiz 4 in. g” thers
nearly 1 in. diam, : fem. à in.; appendage lj in. diam., chesnut-brow?,

4mrphophallus.] ctxvi. anowex. (J. D. Hooker.) 515

linear-oblong ; stigma 2.fid.—Described from the figure in Bot. Mag. Rheede’s
represents fem. infl, much shorter than in A. campanulatus.

4, A, longistylus, Kurz Andaman Rep. 50 (name); spathe long-
pedancled, limb acute or acuminate hardly broader than the convolute
ovoid tube, appendage cylindric narrowed to the tip many times longer

the inf. and spathe.

ANDAMAN Istps.; Kurz.

Tuber a depressed Sphere, not bulbilliferous. Leaf very large, leaflets 3-5 by
Hi in, broadly elliptic ovate or obovate, base contracted; petiole 2-3 ft., green

with purple ; sheaths closely wrapping the base. Spathe 13 by 5 in., dull red
puple with darker blotches, sides infolding above the middle convolute low down.
7 sessile; infl. shorter than the spathe; male j in., fem. shorter ; appendage
fa dark violet-purple. Anthers very short.—Described from a drawing in Herb.

"3 Style very short or 0.
! Spadiz not or very little longer than the spathe.

3. A. bulbifer, Blume Rumph.i. 148; spathe long-peduncled tube
ined turgid limb rather longer ovate cymbiform obtuse, spadix very stout
orter or a little longer than the spathe, appendage as long as infi. and
Zeie than elongate conoid or oblong top rounded. Kunth Enum. iil.
i Regel Garten . (1871), t. 688; Engler Arac. 317, and Ic. ined. No. 156.
Ann bulbiferum, Boch, Fl. Ind. iii. 510; Bot. Mag. t. 2072, 2508; Grah.
` Bomb, Pi, 229; Wall. Cat. 8935, 8936 (spathe). A. occultatum and
Cont? Herb. Ham. Pythonium bulbiferum, Schott Melet. i. 18.
Vophallug bulbifer, Schott Syn. 34; Gen. t. 30 ; Prodr. 128.

Tir BENGAL, SIKKIM, the KHasiA HiLis, and BURMA, ascending to
d e CoNcAN Graham.

globose, Leaf 12-18 in, diam., ultimately bulbilliferous at the base, forks,
big." D above; leaflets 3-8 in., obovate or lanceolate ; petiole 3-4 ft., and peduncle
rink A7 "een and pink streaked with green or black, Spathe 5-8 in., erect, le e
by Yellowish clouded with pink, rose-pink within. Spadiw sessile; i : "a
Déel i appendage 3-4 in., pale flesh-colrd. or white, -Anthers short. Stigm

dg Sommutatu 9; long-peduncled erect
S, Engler Arac. 319; spathe long-p

mi) *Ceolate obtuse base shortly sheathing, spadix about as long as the
tnter àPpendage three or four times longer than the infl. but no
tans, c,,P*ring from the sessile base upwards. Conophallus commu-

` Schott in Bonpland. (1859), 28; Prodr. 128.

€ Conca 3 Stocks,
ü and leaf unknown, Peduncle 1-3 ft. Spathe 6-10 by 13-4 in., rough
tte within, tip obtuse. Spadix columnar, sessile ; male infl. 1i-2 in., fem.
du cylindric; appendage not contracted above the infl., smooth, tip obtuse.
? Very shortly oblong. Stigma sessile, disciform.

wj "Purpurascens, Kurz mss.; leaflets elliptic-obovate, spathe sma ll
I" duncled cymbiform acute base shortly convolute, spadix s orter
ode Dëfer than the spathe stout, appendage rather longer but little
dine the infl. stout elongate conoidal tip rounded.
` Marrag i and SrrrANG VALLEYS, Kurz.
Tibe, Small, 9 in! Win ree. Leaf small, 10 in. diam., 3-sect
enta 3-5 by 1-2 in., petiole 18 in., pale green. Peduncle 16 in., red-purple,
L112

516 OLXVI. AROIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Amorphophallw.

striate; wrapped at the base by short sheaths. Spathe (perhaps immature) i
dark green, blue at the sides with red margins. Spadiz 3 in. ; in i e base > white,
male the longest; appendage nearly 2 in., not contracted at the ,
Anthers very short. Stigma sessile, disciform, lobulate.

8. A. chlorospathus, Kurz mss.; leaflets linear, spathe Greg
erect base shortly convolute, spadix shorter than the spathe 8 ^s » OPE
dage rather longer but not broader than the infl. stout elonga
tip rounded.

PrGv, the IRAWADY and Strane VALLEYS, Kurz. u Lea
Tuber a depressed sphere or hemisphere, 2 in. diam., not bulbiliforons, Te
2 ft. diam., trisect, segments winged and pinnatifidly cut into fin 3 at greet,
leaflets 5-8 by i-j in.; petiole 18-20 in., green. Peduncle 1€ in., gehen
pale reddish-brown below; sheaths not long. Spathe 4 in., gr een, J e the his
Spadia 24-3 in., infl. cylindric, male longest ; appendage not contrac
white. Anthers very short. Stigma sessile, discoid.

. rect
9. A. sparsiflorus, Hook. f.; spathe with an ovate-oblong Saiar
acute limb the basal margins revolute round the mouth of t S ag cond’
tube, spadix much shorter than the spathe, appendage fusito
as long as the inti., male and fem. fl. scattered.

PERAK; Maxwell's Hill, Wray (No. 111), Kunstler. sol een, shaded
Tuber orange-shaped. Leaf bulbiferous at top of petiole, £^ blanc
with red or brown; leaflets 7, shortly petiolulate, 6-8 by là ino Pu 1} il
acuminate. Peduncle 1-24 in., sheaths longer, linear. Spathe ore minute, very
pale red-brown spotted with purplish-brown. Spadix 3% in. Anther
short. Ovaries small, globose, style very short, stigma capitate.

tt Spadix much longer than the spathe.

ovoid
10. A. oncophyllus, Prain mss.; spathe Jong-peduncled re are
dilating into a large orbicular-ovate limb the lower marge ad appendage
revolute round the open mouth of the tube, spadix far exserted, P
as long as the infl. elongate conoid.

ANDAMAN Isips.; on Cocos Islets, Prain. d ; leafl

Tuber depressed, 5-9 in., diam., bulbilliferous. Leaf 3} ft. broads PE P eig
petiole 2-3 ft., dull green, blotched with greenish white. Peduncle 1 bro whitish,
longer, very stout; sheaths 2-7 in. Tube of spathe 3 in. long "imb 8 in. Jong bf
obliquely streaked with green and spotted with dull green; ‘3-18 in., Sessi;
5 broad, inclined, dull red-purple blotched with yellow. Spadic ‘Anthers short.
male infl. about equalling the fem.; appendage creamy-yellow. d specimen à»
Stigma 2-lobed—A superb species, described from a drawing, drie
living plant at Kew,

ll. A. Prainii, Hook. f.; spathe obliquely campanulate t
broad subcylindric base truncate, limb short orbicular-ovt'
waved, spadix very stout, exserted appendage very large ^
much longer and broader than the infl. )

Perak; Larut, Scortechini, Kunstler. PENANG (Ic.-in Herb. 2 4-8, lances

Tuber 6-10 in. diam., not bulbilliferous. Leaves 4 ft. broad, lea ^ i and ree
late, caudate-acuminate ; petiole 3-5 ft., green mottled with grey d T (o rather com”
Peduncle 3—5 in.; sheaths very large, 8-12 by 4 in., pinkish. et wi be
volute parts) of spathe 2 in. long and as broad, pale green spo Male ipf. ©
limb €-3 in. diam., yellow, base within rough purple-brown. m-colrd. smooth
turbinate, fem. about as long, appendage 6-8 in. by 2-3 diam. crea campo”
Anthers linear. Stigma 2.lobed.—Spathe and spadix more like 4-
than are others with short styles,

eolate,

ube very

mar;
d smooth

Anorphophallue.] ouxvi. arommæ. (J. D. Hooker.) 517

. a f i y i ic-

inm on the Karen Hills, alt. 3000 ft., Kurz.
moth withi LS Séi much longer than the sheaths. Spathe 4-5 by 3—4 in., nearly
ze l} in u SA in. long. Spadix 3-6 in., male infl. 1-2 in., fem. 2-2 in. ;
sont style, sti +, anthers short, prismatic. Ovaries depressed-globose, with a short
` Stigma large, quite entire.—Tuber and leaf wanting.

13. A.
Die à), biematospadix, -Hook. f.; spathe campanulate convolute
m ing above into an ovate or ovate-lanceolate obtuse erect limb
i stout exert all round the mouth of the tube nearly to the tip,
: rted, appenda lindric- i
^in, blood-red tip appendage cylindric-clavate three times as long as

d Lt (Hort. Kew, 1892.)

-hnceolats turbinate, 24 in. diam. Leaf about 20 in. diam.; leaflets 5-7 in.
and keeled rely acuminate ; petiole 16 in., very stout, green, terete below,

to the base, red A ove. Peduncle 10 in., terete, brown, striated ; sheaths appressed
dark purple withi rown. Spathe 5 in., limb primrose-yellow, tube striate with pink,
be Ai. Gen In. Spadis sessile, 7 in.; infi. 1} in., male 3 times as long as the
Jam globose, appendage $ in. diam. at the thickest part. Anthers very short.
; narrowed into a short rather slender style, stigma small, capitate.

l4 A.
iu ae, datus, Hook. f.; peduncle very tall rough, spathe lanceolate
than ice eathing for the lower half margins not revolute, spadix more
twice ag Tome long as the spathe very stout, appendage more than
8 as the infl. narrowed from below the middle to the slender

ip

Mar,
erani SULA ; Larut, Perak, Kunstler.
Wen White a d e unknown. Peduncle 3-4 ft., and petiole variegated green
alix, apparent] red. Spathe 6 in., cream-colrd., membranous, appressed to the
GT arrowed toward ed ; tabe lj in. diam., base rounded, Spadiz a foot long,
blue ; male ; e base, about 8 in. diam, in the thickest part, dark and
lobos, ; style ver inf. 3 in.; fem. 1j in. Anthers small, very short. Ovaries
Ve from Kunst], short, stout, stigma capitate—A stately species, the colours are
KI Ze Blume’, notes. The specimen is unique in Herb. Calcutta ; its nearest
s A. variabilis.

IMPERFECTLY KNOWN AND EXCLUDED SPECIES.

4 8IGA:
der jp jme Rumph. i. 147, t. 94, is not British Indian; and the re-
“ek ont, Denst. Clav. Hort. Mal. and Rheede Hort. Mal. should be

LYRA
Plus Trata? gler Arac. 319 (Arum lyratum, Kosb. Fl. Ind. iii. 508, Cono-
“ea pinnatinda tt Syn. 35; Prodr. 130) is according to Roxburgh’s drawing

"e TERU raa the detached berry of an Arisema ?
i 7 or pin ER, Engler Arac. 317 ; tuber small, leaf 3-sect, branches 1-2 in.
Die cauda to.aatiseotly 3—5-foliolate, segments 3—4 by 1-1} in. sessile elliptic-
Dee tuberc panate ; petiole 10-12 in. bearing a pisiform bulbil at the top.
See? iger, Schott, Bonpland. (1859), 78 ; Prodr. 129.—Khusia Hills,
Cen a descr] d -and T, T.—Described by Schott from leaves only. Engler
of that b ‘on of the spathe of A. bulbifer, from the drawing of a Sikkim
Plant which he supposed to be the same.

Ch 10. SYNANTHERIAS, Schott.

| WEE male and fem. inf. distant, with

518 CLXVI. AROIDEX. (J.D. Hooker) ` [Synantheria.

RHAPRIOPHALLUS, Schott Gen. Aroid. t. 27; Syn. 125; Engler Arac. 321,
would appear from the characters given not to be separable from Synanthorias
It was founded on a Canara plant collected by Hohenacker, of which I ma
seen no specimen; and is described and figured as having a few gibbous eret
and a slender subulate appendage shorter than the spathe. In other respects !
agrees with S. sylvatica.

S. sylvatica, Schott Gen. Aroid. t. 28; Prodr. 176; Engler Ara.
320; Ic. ined. No. 155; Bot. Mag. t. 7190. Amorphophallus sylvaticns,
Kunth Enum. iii. 34; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 259. A. zeylanicus, Blume
Rumph. i. 148 ; Thw. Enum. 335 ; Engler Arac. 314. Brachyspatha sylvata,
Schott Syn. 35. B. zeylanica, Schott Syn. 35; Prodr. 127. Arum sylva
ticum, Koch, Fl. Ind. iii. 511; Wight Ic. t. 802.

The DECCAN PENINSULA, from the northern Circars to the Concan, and south-
wards to CEYLON. : divisions

Tuber subglobose, bulbilliferous. Leaves 1 or 2, 14-23 ft. diam. ; uncle
1-2-pinnatifid; leaflets 2-6 in., lanceolate, long-acuminate ; petiole and ped the
1-2 ft., and spathe clouded barred and streaked with green and pale pink. Sadia
2-4 in., tube broad convolute, base truncate; limb very short, ovate, acute. | OP
stipitate ; infi. as long as the spathe, terminating in a brown flexuous appen it pel-
times as long; iufl. cylindrie, male narrowed ; neuters sub 2-seriate, quite bcuneate
tately adnate, yellow-brown. Male fl. of scattered or fascicled minute sessile ob :
anthers, Ovaries globose, style very short ; stigma capitate ; ovules subbasi'ar.

11. THOMSONIA, Wall.

Characters of Amorphophallus, but appendage clothed be
depressed neuters and all over above with tubercles.

T. nepalensis, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 83, t. 99; Blume Rump Mim
Engler Arac. 306. T. Hookeri, Engler l.c. 307. Pythonium Wie Enum.
num, Schott Melet.i.17; Syn. 36; Gen. t. 25; Prodr. 123; Ps,

ii. 30. Arum grandiflorum, Herb. Ham.—Aroid. Wall. Cat. n. 8949.

Trorica HIMALAYA; Nepal, Wallich; Sikkim, alt. 2-6000 ft., oe
Assam, Hamilton. Kasia Hırıs, alt. 1-5000 ft. DW

Tuber 4—5 in. diam., not bulbilliferous. Leaf 12-18 in. diam. or mores | ve
3-5 in. ovate or oblong-lanceolate, caudate-acuminate; petiole 18 Zi rale
stout. Peduncle light green blotched with much darker, sheaths pln ‘the base,
12-18 by 3-6 in. diam., oblong-cymbiform, shortly narrowly convolute a R
erect, green. Spadiz 5-10 in., exserted, very stout ; male infl, 2-5 mo Weck green
appendage 3-4 in. and as long or shorter than the male infl., cylin celle
changing to yellow, top rounded. Anthers 3-5, substipitate, compress» cells, 0p”
pollen vermiform. Ovaries globose, 2-celled; style stout; larger than ` 4?
curved, stigma discoid ; obscurely lobed ; ovule 1, basilar, erect, anatropoo t. 25

T. Hookeri, Engler Arac. 307 (Allopythion, Hookeri Schott Gen Bog which
Prodr. 122 ; founded on a very bad specimen of a Khasian plant (the | There is *
Mr. Brown thinks may be that of an Arisaema) is altogether doubtful. ha
drawing in Herb. Kew of a curious state of T. nepalensis, with a fan-s
foliaceous spathe, cut irregularly and deeply into lanceolate acuminate cos

low with

ium

12. PLESMONIUM, Schott.

Characters of Amorphophallus, but male and fem. inf. distan b
large obovoid pearl-like or GE? neuters interposed, and nO app?

age. ` git
P. margaritiferum, Schott Syn. 34; Gen. t. 26 ; Prodr. 124;

t, with

Pleemoium.] CLXVI. AROIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 519

im 303. Amorphophallus margaritiferus, Kunth Enum. iii. 34. Arum
Se, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 512; Wight Ic. t. 795. Caladium
retum, Herb. Ham.— Wali. Cat. 8937 A.
BINDOSTAN ; Hoaburgh. BExNGAL, at Dacca, Clarke,
er 6 in, diam. or less, bulbilliferous all-over. Leaves 1} ft. diam., 3-sect ;
mg veer) lateral forked; leaflets few, 4-6 ìn. linear, acuminate ;
a ft., green. Peduncle 12-18 in., stout, pale green streaked with
loosely conval Spathe 5—6 in. by 4 broad, erect, broadly ovate, obtuse, concave,
3 lc at te below the middle, pale yellow-green, flushed with pink within,
ht mad e base, Spadiz very stout, stipitate, obtuse, as long as the spathe ;
"y i ort uch the longest ; neuters as large as peas, white. Anthers crowded,
style; sti mE confluent. Ovaries scattered, globose, narrowed into a short
founded P a large, 2-3-lobed.—P. dubium, Schott (Prodr. 125; Engler Arac. l. c.)
ished by its auibus perfect spathe and spadix from Pegu (McLelland) is distin-
margins all round. r by the neuters being (in a dried state) turbinate with acute

13. ARIOPSIS, Nimmo.

qe fa tuberous herb. Leaves entire, peltate. Spathe small, cymbiform,
wale fl. ov]; ) persistent. Spadix shorter than the spathe, appendage 0;
d th ric; fem. adnate to the base of the spathe. Male fl. em-
elei, it e tissue of the spadix; anthers connate in groups of 3, each
Lea" s rounding a pore into which all open. Ovaries few, oblong,
) pariet eee sessile, 4-6-fid; ovules many, orthotropous, 2-seriate on
8 ai placentas. Berries 3-6-angled, many-seeded, stigmas stellate.
Pendulous, albuminous ; embryo axile.
Plants A Zi bas hitherto been ascribed to Graham, in whose “ Catalogue of the
e pombay and its vicinity" it first appeared, and where the letter N.
“Nobis, It name was assumed by Schott and all subsequent authors to mean
tanist, really means ve N immo," Graham's coadjutor in the work, an excellent

l.
D Gen’ Peltata, Nimmo in Grah. Oat. Bomb. Pl. 252; Schott Syn.
thera M Prodr. 135; Bot. Mag. t. 4222; Engler Arac. 528. A.
Wi te . E. Br. in Rep. R. Gard. Kew, 1877, 57. Remusatia vivi-
Aoi y Ic. t. 900 (not of Schott). Caladium ? ovatum, Herb. Ham.—
a all. Cat, 8956, 8957.
in the pe’ SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA, from Nepal to Sikkim, alt. 4-6000 ft. BURMA ;
Beyne, Eege Hills, Kurz. WESTERN GHATS; from the Concan to Travancore,

Tub

lor ei clustered. Leaves 1-6 in. diam., orbicular or cordate, tip

lti Yer ale membranous, glaucous beneath ; petiole 2-7 in., slender. Peduncle
1 er, Slender, Spathe 1 in., incurved, apiculate, violet with a green dorsal
Yellow within. Spadix decurved; male Ant. dark purple; fem. green, stigma
Petimeng tik rofanthera, owes its origin to the fact, that whereas all the Himalayan
tad Preceded ] |n Kew Herbarium from various collections showed that flowering
thoweg that win bya considerable interval; all those from the Western Ghats
Dla t recent} Ose processes had been contemporaneous, Specimens of the Himalayan
tharacter, J received from the Calcutta Herbarium, have invalidated the above

14. STEUDNERA, C. Koch.

Herh .
thortly co ander stout. Leaves ovate, long-petioled, peltate. Spathe
Rareescent Ze at the base, limb ovate-lanceolate, expanded, reflexed,
` Spadix very short, dense-fld.; male infl. clavate or capitate ;

520 CLXVI. AROIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [Steudnera.

i tate body
fem. adnate below to the spathe. Stamens 3-6, connate in a pel! :
with a flat crenulate crown; anther-cells globose. Ovaries mixed with
clavate staminodes, subglobose, l-celled ; stigma 4—5-lobed; ovules many,

parietal, orthotropous.—Species 6 or 8, Indian and Burman.

1. S. discolor, Hort. Bull. (Cat. 1875, No. 75); leaves 10-12 Ke
ovate acute with dark blotches between the nerves, base rom 4 B le.
41 in. ovate acuminate golden yellow on both surfaces, base Min Pe TM
S. colocasiefolia, Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 6076 (copied in Fl. des Serres,

t. 2201). S. colocasizefolia, var. discolor, Engl. Arac. 492.
A i. Bull.

Stem dort, stout, clothed with brown sheaths. Leaves dark green above, paler

with dark blotches beneath. Spadia lj in., pale; staminodes 4-5, clavate.

2. S. colocasiefolia, C. Koch in (str. Bot. Wochenschr. (1860),
114; leaves 10-12 in. ovate acute concolorous, base retuse, spat e, thin.
lanceolate caudate-acuminate golden yellow without dark pup d t 633;
Schott in Bonpland. x. (1862), 222; Regel Gartenft. (1869), 153, and
André Ill. Hortic. xix. 33, t. 90; Bot. Mag.t. 6762 ; Engler Arac. Gona-
Te. ined. No. 141 (excl. var. discolor and Hab. Burma, and Syn.
tanthus).

MARTABAN, and the Karen Hills, Kurz. . es, à
Closely allied to S. discolor, but a larger coarser plant, with stronger nerves,
longer differently coloured spathe, and fewer staminodes.

ge
3. S. assamica, Hook. f.; leaves 7-8 in. ovate-oblong wee be
rounded, spathe 3-3} in. lanceolate caudate-acuminate red purp
surfaces. Aroid. Wall. Cat. 8953,

AssAM ; Duphla Hills, Lister (Ic. in Herb. Calcutt). CACHAR, eter ben eath;

Caudez as thick as the thumb, fibrous above. Leaves bright green, p ^n . male
petiole 6-8 in., slender. Peduncle 3-5 in. Spathe erect. Spadia CTT"
inf. cylindric.—Wallich’s specimen is without locality.

in.
4. S. Griffithii, Schott in Bonpland. (1862), 222; leaves Le
ovate-oblong acute or cuspidate base emarginate or shortly 2-lo wd brown
2-3 in. ovate-lanceolate acuminate yellowish green on both surfaco Prodr.
purple below the middle within. Gonatanthus Griffithii, Scho
143.—A rum sp. Griff. Notul. iti. 144; Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 164, f. 1.
UPPER BURMA, Grifith, at Namtuseek (Kew Distrib. 5970). an’s quill.
Caudez prostrate, elongate, clothed with fibres, as thick as a SW le inf.

. a
Leaves deep green above, glaucous-white beneath. Spadio ł in» m
cylindric.

cute
5. S. colocasioides, Hook. f.; leaves 9-24 in. broadly ovate Le
base broadly retuse, spathe 5-9 in. narrowly lanceolate acum!

` . 8944,
convolute limb creamy-yellow, fem. infi. half free. Aroid. Wall. Cat
8947.

; c

SixkIM. HIMALAYA, King (Ic, in Herb. Calcutt.). SıunET, De Silva. xa
Keenan (Hort. Kew). omn texture, light
Cauder elongate, 1} in. diam., fibrous above. Leaves thin in s several,
green above, glaucous beneath; petiole 12-18 in., green. Pe Wei adis 2 in»
5-7 in. Spathe erect, tube 1 in., ovoid, green ; limb membranous. d E i
fem. infl. cylindric above the middle; male as long as the fem. cylindrie. geners s

globose; staminodes very minute, clavate?— Very different from its con
size and spathe.

HAB,

Sleudnera.] CLXVI. AROIDE®, (J. D. Hooker.) 521

6. S: capitellata, Hook. J.; leaves 8-9 by 7-8 in. orbicalar-ovate
subacute base broadly retuse, spathe 34-4 in. pendulous from the de-
curved peduncle lanceolate acuminate yellowish-brown without pale
Purple and striated within, male infl. globose.

BURMA ; in evergreen forests, Tonkyaghet, Kurz (Ic. in Herb. Calcutt.).

Caudez as thick as the little finger, densely fibrous; sheaths 4in. Leaves pale
green above, paler beneath, nerves about 5 pairs, strong, arched; petiole 1 ft.,
i er. Peduncles many (4 in the drawing), 4-5 in., very slender. Spadiz 3-1 in.,
em, infi, very long.

15. HAPALINE, Schott.

Small tuberous herbs. Leaves membranous, cordate or sagitiate.

he long-peduncled, tube cylindric, decurrent tightly convolute, limb

ceolate or linear-oblong, flat. Spadiz equalling the spathe; male
end fem. inf. remote; male elongate; fem. adnate to the spathe, of
*" Uniseriate ovaries. Male fl. an elongate hexagonal peltate shortly
Sipitate body, with 4-6 minute globose anther-cells pendulous from its
margin. Ovaries ovoid, l-celled, 1-ovuled ; stigma disciform ; ovule erect,
‘natropous.

P l. H, Benthamiana, Schott in Œstr. Bot. Wochenbl. (1857), 85;
"dr. 162; leaves oblong-sagittate basal lobes narrow obtuse more than
lfag long as the anticous, spathe acuminate ; Engler Arac. 489; Kurz in

tge 48. Soc. Beng. xlii. ii. (1873), 109, t. 9. Hapale, Schott Gen. Aroid.

'#—Aroid. Wall. Cat. 8953 A.

f PA ; banks of the Attran river, Wallich. Prev and MARTABAN, in dry
» Aurz.,
det er small, Leaves few, 3 A in. long ; sinus deep, narrow ; petiole and peduncle
" Spathe 2-3 in. long, membranous, white.

? OH. Brow inate deeply cordate
, nii, Hook. f.; leaves ovate acuminate deeply c ;
basa] lobeg rounded ird the dei of the anticous, spathe oblong apiculate.

HAY Penty ing's Collect

i SULA; dah, alt. 100-500 ft. King’s Collector.

ben IK of H. SN differing in the basal lobes of the leaf and

(See x doo Spathe.—Named after Mr. N. E. Brown, assistant in the Kew Herbarium.
).

16. REMUSATIA, Schott.

Tuberous herbs, flowering and leafing in alternate years? bearing
en radica] bulbilliferous shoots. Leaf solitary, entire, peltate. Spathe
ous; tube convolute, ovoid, accrescent over the fruit; limb broad
narrow, erect ar spreading and reflexed, deciduous. Spadix very
inf ¢ Sessile, male and fem. infl. separated by neuters ; appendage 0; male
fem. clavate, of densely packed angular table-topped male fl. and nenters ;
ath short, cylindric. Stamens with a fleshy connective bearing 2-3 sma
lér-ce]lg opening by terminal slits. Ovaries ovoid, I-celled; stigma
Berrie, disciform ; placentas parietal; ovules many, orthotropous.
Small. Seeds albuminous, embryo axile.

Lx vi i ; Gen. Aroid. t. 36;
i6 let. i. 18; Syn. 43; Gen. ;
dd t. 137; ud PA (1546), t. 66; bulbilliferous shoots very stout

ect or ascending simple or very shortly branched, limb of spathe

523 OLXVI. AROIDEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Remusatia.

i . . "T . quel
reflexed broadly orbicular-obovate cuspidate. Kunth Enum. iii. 36; Mique
Fl. Ind. Bat. i 205; Dalz. & Gibs. Tomb. Fl. 259; Grah. Cat. Bomb. P
228; Wall. Cat. 8939; Engler Arac. 496. Caladium viviparum, 40d
Bot. Cab. t. 981. Colocasia vivipara, Thw. Enum. 336. Arum viviparam
Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 496; Wight Ic. t. 798.—Rheede Hort. Mal. xà. t. 9.

SunTEROPICAL HIMALAYA ; alt. 2-3000 ft. from Kumaon to Sikkim. The Kusi
HiLLs and BURMA. BEHAR, on Parasnath, alt. 4500 ft., Clarke. The WESTER)
Gaars, and CEYLON.—DISTRIB. Java. . .

Tuber size of a hazel or walnut, viviparous shoots 6-11 in., bulbils geed
crinite. Leaf 5 by 3} to 18 by 12 in. membranous, orbicular ovate or corda ? 3 ip
or acuminate ; petiole 1 ft. or less. Spathe 4-5 in. long, tube green, lim '
broad, golden yellow. Spadix 1-14 in.

2. R. Hookeriana, Schott in (str. Bot. Wochenbl. (1858), b
Prodr. 187; bulbilliferous shoots slender prostrate or pendu y 197.
branched, limb of spathe erect ovate-oblong acuminate. Engler .

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA ; Simla to Sikkim, alt. 4-7000 ft. :nate

Tuber as in R. vivipara. Leaves ovate-oblong, cordate, Leg esst
beneath between the nerves; petiole 2-9 in. Spathe 13-23 in., limb 4-$ m
sometimes coppery, more or less convolute.

17. GONATANTHUS, Klotzsch.

- f
Tuberous herbs, with the habit foliage and bulbilliferous shoots der
Remusatia, but the shoots are branched and the spathe has a a fem.
elongate convolute limb, there are no neuters between the male an
infl., and the ovules are numerous and basilar.

. 2 44. s
G. sarmentosus, Klotzsch in Link & Kl. Ic. Pl. i. 33, n m Prodr.

ovate-cordate. Kunth Enum. iii. 36; Schott Syn. 44; Gen. t. Arac. 51.

142; Bot. Mag. t. 5275; Gartenfl. (1868), 227, t. 588; Engler ^h. Enum.

Caladium pumilum, Don Prodr. 91. Colocasia? pumila, Kun

iii. 40.—Aroid. Wall. Cat. 8952.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA ; from Kumaon to Sikkim, alt. 4-6500 ft. Rui
alt. 4-5000 ft. site bul

Tuber small and slender branched shoots with the small erinto
Remusatia Hookeriana. Leaves peltate, acuminate, dark green ^ o on;
4-8in, Peduncle 2-3 in. Spathe 6-10 in. long, tube 45 in., ovoid, BM eet
of limb as long or longer than the tube, inflated, reclined, the res completely
with a long recurved tip, golden yellow, contracted at the base, marge re
convolute. Spathe with the fem. infi. in the tube, the stipitate clava f male int.
male in the swollen base of the limb. Spadia 1-1} in. long; stipes ° few closely
angular and crown of anthers chocolate-brown ; fem. infi. short, ovaries fu
packed, globose, stigma a disciform area. Berries yellow. Seeds on long
ovoid ; testa rough, with a fleshy yellow coat.

Ruiz

bils of
petiole

. leaves
2. G.? ornatus, Schott in (str. Bot. Zeitschr. (1858), 121; ©

lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate base cordate.

T. T.
SIKKIM HIMALAYA, Thomson. Kuasra Hits, alt. 5000 ft., J. D. F 1. differs
In the absence of inflorescence this is an altogether doubtful plan’ ich in the
from G. sarmentosus in the much narrower leaves, 5-10 by 14-34 M., betwee’
originally described Khasia specimens were of a fine coppery-purple of
green nerves and the broad green margin. In specimens apparent y con
lant from both Sikkim and the Khasia Hills, the leaves are green aD
o bulbilliferous shoots have been seen,

CLXVI. AROIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 523

18. COLOCASIA, Linn.

Tall coarse herbs, tuberous or with a stout short caudex, flowering and
leafing together. Leaves stoutly petioled, peltate, ovate-cordate. Spathe
stoutly peduncled ; tube thick, accrescent, persistent, mouth constricted ;
imb erect, deciduous. Spadix shorter than the spathe, stout or slender;
male and fem. infl. with usually interposed flat neuters; appendage
cylindric subulate or 0. Ovaries and ovules as in Remusatia. Berries
obconic or oblong. Seeds oblong, sulcate, albumen copious ; embryo axile.
—Species 6 or 7 tropical Asiatic.

1. C. Antiquorum, Schott Melet.i.18; Syn. 40; Prodr. 38; leaves
large ovate with a broad triangular basal sinus, tube of spathe oblong 2-4
nes shorter than the narrow lanceolate limb, appendage very variable.
Miguel FI, Ind. Bat. ii. 202; Kunth Enum. iii. 37 ; Thwaites Enum. 335 ;
Benth. F1, Austral. vii. 155; Engler Arac.491 and Lcon. ined. No.251. C. escu-
lenta, and acris, Schott Melet.i.18; Kunth l.c. C. nympheifolia, Kunth l.c.
C. Fontanesii, Schott in str. Bot. Wochenbl. (1854), 409. C. pruinipes, Koch
Bouché, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. (1854), 4. C. euchlora, C. Koch. 4 Lindl.l.c.
App. Caladium esculentum, Vent. Hort. Cels. 30; Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 489 ; C.
acre, Br, Prodr. 3306 ; C. nymphzeifolium, Vent. Le: Griff. Notul. iii. 144, t.
161 B. 9 (ovules). Arum Colocasia. Linn. Sp. Pl. 965; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii.
494; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 228; Wight Ie. t. 786, f.1. A. nymphzifolium,
1 vb. & Grah, A cc.; Wight l. c. f£. 2. <A. peltatum, Lam, Encycl. iii.
3.—Colocasia, Wall. Cat. 8943 —Rheede Hort. Mal. xi. t. 23.

C Throughout, the hotter parts of INDIA (up to 7600 ft. in the Himalaya) and
wé N, in moist and dry places, wild or cultivated.—DisTRIB. cult. in all hot
Countries,

Leaves 6-16 in., dark green, dull, sometimes clouded with black; petiole stout,
than er green or violet. Peduncles solitary or clustered and connate, much shorter
i an the petioles, Spathe 8-18 in., caudate-acuminate, erect, pale yellow. Spadiz
lo "ter than the spathe; fem. infl. as long as that of the staminodes, male infl.

nger.— Very common and variable, Roxburgh distinguishes 3 varieties besides
mp heifolia, they are—1, a dark one from wet places in which the roots (base of stem?)
Ji swell, but send out many suckers, and the leaves and petioles are more or less
parple, it is much eaten; 2, one that grows on dry ground with dark purple or
uish clouds in the leaf ; 3, one like the last but all green. Of nympheifolia, which
* describes ag having repand leaves, He says that he doubts if it is anything but a
one Aquatic state, abundant wild on borders of lakes, with the subterraneous stem
ten as long and thick as a man’s arm, reddish petioles peduncles and leaves,

narrower leaves, and a short appendage ; all parts are eaten.

orn; C- affinis, Schott in Bonpland. (1859) 28; Prodr. 138; leaves ovate

" orbicular-ovate base rounded retuse or cordate nerves very slender, tube of

e cylindric 4-6 times shorter than the linear-lan ceolate long acuminate

' abpendage as long or twice as long as the infl., stigma sessile i-

n * Angler Arae 499." Colocasia, No. 3° Herb, Ind. Or. Hf. & T. Alocasia

hingsii, Veitch in Ill. Hort. (1869), t. 585; Gard. Chron. (1869), 136;
a des Serres, xvii. 1818.— Aroid. Wall. Cat. 8952 B.

n Breet HIMALAYA, King. Assam, Hamilton. KHASIA HILIS, alt. 2-4000 ft.

uL and T. T. Burma; Prome Hills, Wallich. ith

dark blor small, Zeaves 4-6 in. long and nearly as broad, membranous, green tul

tlende otches between the nerves, glaucous beneath, tip obtuse or acute; petiole

Ter, 6-8 in. Peduncle 3-5 in. Spathe 4-6 in., tube 1 in., tumid, green; limb

Primrose Yellow. Spadis with a narrow neck between the male and fem, infl.

524 OLXVI. AROIDER. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Colocasia.

i low.—
covered with flat neuters ; appendage slender, narrowed to the tip, golden yelow =
In a fine drawing of this species in Herb. Calcutt. the stigma is rep
disciform.

; leaves

3. C. fallax, Schott in Bonpland. (1859), 28; mE Weg Taiho

orbicular-ovate base cordate or emarginate, nerves strong, eal style

4-6 times shorter than the lanceolate limb, fruiting sup 40 Marea.
short, stigma disciform. C. Wendlandii, Engl. Ic. ined. No. ,

Wall. Cat. n. 8952 A. 14000 ft
SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 1-3000 ft., Clarke. Kuasra Hirrs, alt. l-

. D. H. .T . . . e

7 Tuber small. “heaves 4-6 by 3-5 in., largest 8 by 7 in., much thicker ine

and with much stronger nerves than C. afinis. Spathe and spada

inf. Anthers
afinis, but usually with fewer neuters between the male and fem. infi
stellately crenate in both.

ub-

4. C. virosa, Kunth Enum. iii. 39 (in part); leaves large ori than
undulate and repand, base retuse, tube of spathe oblong CR » adix four
(but hardly distinct from) the narrowly lanceolate b "i Pro dr. 139;
times shorter than the spathe, appendage 0. Schott Sy i tht Ic. b. 808.
Engler Arac. 494. Calla virosa, Rowb. Fl. Ind. iii. 517 ; 9 9
Zantedeschia virosa, C. Koch Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. (1854), App. 3

BENGAL and the lower Provinces of India, Roxburgh. . . s long,

Stem short, simple, cylindric. Leaves 1-2 ft. by 6-15 in. ; petiole about D As
terete, smooth, green. Peduncles clustered. Spathe nearly straig ltate 8-12-
convolute. Spadix 3 in., obtuse, lower third female. Anthers eg us 3-4.—
celled ; ovaries broadly ovoid 1-celled, stigma large subsessile peltate ; p &
Descript. from Roxburgh ; nothing farther being known of this plant.

: ve
5. C. Mannii, Hook. f. ; leaves oblong-ovate base sagittate 1059s lai
obtuse sinus broad acute, spathe narrowly oblong cymbiform, 8p
as long as the spathe sub-acute, appendage 0.
UPPER Assam; at Makum, Mann. bes 4 in.; petiole
Leaves 8-12 by 4-7 in., nerves 6-7 pairs, not stout, basal lo 214 jn.; male
1-3 ft. Peduncle rather slender. Spathe 6-7 in., tube lin. Spadia thers stellately
infl. 1 in. intermediate space 4 in.; male 14-1}, tip rounded. Anther
crenate. Ovaries globose, stigma a discdid area.

. vate-

6. C. gigantea, Hook. f. petiole pruinose, leaves very larg idate,

cordate, spathe 6 in., limb oblong or elliptic-oblong eymbiform 4 eunt).
appendage very short acute. C. indica, Engler Arac. 49

Lencocasia gigantea, Schott in str. Bot. Wochenbl. (1857), 34; Prodr.
(excl. syn. pruinipes).

PERAK, Scortechini.—DisTRIB. Cochinchina, Java. . d; nerves 8-10

Leaves 18-20 by 14-18 in., base deeply cordate, margin repan Peduncle very
pairs, very stout; lobes 6-8 in., rounded, sinus open ; petiole 2-3 ft. ct. Spa ix
stout, tall. Spathe 5-6 in., coriaceous; tube 21 in., glaucous, limb ere lindric, ter-
yellow, fem. infi. 1} in. conie; neuter infil. 1 in. slender ; male stout, ` narrow,
minating in a rudimentary conic appendage. Ovaries very d. The ovaries
stigma very broad, covering the whole ovary; ovules parietal, scatterec.
are quite unlike those of its congeners.

19. ALOCASIA, Schott.

: haps
Characters of Colocasia, but ovules few, basilar, erect.— Species Pet
20 or 30, tropical Asiatic.

Alocasia.] OLXVL AROIDEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 525

* Leaves not or slightly peltate, lower nerves approximate and flabellately
spreading.

l. A. cucullata, Schott Melet. 18; in Œstr. Bot. Wochenbl. (1854),
410; Syn. 48; Prodr. 156; leaves subpeltate broadly ovate-cordate nerves
6-7 pairs, petiole very long, peduncles shorter subsolitary. Engler Arac. 498.
À. rugosa, Schott in Wochenbl. 1. c.; S yn.49; Prodr. l.c. Colocasia cochleata,
Nig. Epimel. Sem. Hort. Amstelod. (1853). C. rugosa, Kunth Enum. iii.
4l. C. cucullata, Schott Melet.i. 18; Wall. Cat. 8940; Kunth l.c. 38; Thw.

num. 336. Caladium cucullatum, Pers. Syn. ii. 575. Arum cucullatum,
Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 656 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind.ii.501; Wight Ic. t. 787.

BENGAL, Rowburgh (cultivated Clarke). The Kuasta Hrs, alt. 4000 ft.
J. D. H. and T. 7 Peau, Kurz. CEYLON (native?) Thwaites. .

Rootstock 1-2 ft., with many suckers, branched, inclined. Leaves 6-12 by 4-7 in.,

Ircular, nerves very stout; petiole 1-3 ft., green. Spathe 6-12 in. fleshy, tube
24 in.; limb narrowly cymbiform, margins convolute. Spadix shorter than the
spathe, appendage short.

2. A. montana, Schott in (str. Bot. Wochenbl. (1854), 140; Syn.
Hr Prod», 154; leaves broadly ovate-cordate repand, nerves 5-6 pairs,
Petiole short stout, peduncles many connate below. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.
w. 209; Engler Arac. 499. Colocasia? montana, Kunth Enum. iii. 40.

m montanum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 497; Wight Ic. t. 796.

NonTHERN Circars, Rozburgh.—DISTRIB. Java.

Rootstock subcylindric, as thick as the wrist, with long suckers from the crown.

ones 6-8 in., shining ; petiole 8-10 in., sheathing half way up. Spathe 4-6 in.,
loured, limb thrice as long as the tube. Spadia nearly as long as the spathe ;
appendage 23 in, Stigma 3-4-lobed.—I have seen no specimen.

3. A. rapiformis, Schott Prodr. 157; Engler Arac. 510. Colocasia
“apiformis, Kunth Enum. iii. 40.
Peau, Carey.
sha iffers, according to Roxburgh, from A. montana in having a tuberous turnip-
root.—I have seen no specimen.

* Leaves not or hardly peltate, nerves pinnate.

ks A. indica, Schott in str. Bot. Wochenbl. (1854), 410; Syn. 46 ;
M 7- 144; leaves large ovate deeply sagittately cordate repand, lobes
panded sinus narrow, tube of spathe many times shorter than the very
ng linear-oblong subtruncate cuspidate limb, stigma sessile 3-4-cleft.
Bev Fi. Ind. Bat. iii. 206; Engler Arac. 501. Colocasia indica, Kunth
Ari" 1i. 39. Arum indicum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 498; Wight Ic. t. 794.—
Tad. Wall. Cat, 8948,

shortear ASIA ; native and cultivated.— DISTRIB. tropics (cult.).
23 a" attaining 8 ft., stout, 3-8 in. diam., emitting bulbilliferous suckers. Leaves
8 pai? tip a deflexed cusp, basal lobes sometimes very shortly connate, nerves about
s midi Petiole stout, transversely clouded. Peduncles (always in pairs, Rozb.)
the T than the petioles, Spathe 8-12 in., pale yellow-green. Spadia equalling
Pathe ; appendage longer than the infl. Orary 1-celled.

thon denudata, Engler Arac. 507; leaves triangular-sagittate,

ong A, ""Uminate about a third as broad as long, basal lobes nearly as

det? e anticous with the coste marginal, petiole and peduncle long
*r. A. singaporensis, Linden in Gartenfl. xiv. 292.

526 CLXVI. AROIDEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Alocasia.

SINGAPORE, Gaudichaud. . "T

I have seen only two leaves of a cultivated specimen of A. singaporensis which
so conform to the description and habitat of A. denudata, that I conclude they are
referable to that species, one has a triangular ovate hastate leaf with divaricate
lobes, the other more sagittate with approximate lobes as long as the terminal.

##* Leaves peltate, basal lobes connate for 5-4 (rarely 3) their length.

6. A. macrorrhiza, Schott in (str. Bot. Wochenbl. (1854), 409;
Syn. 45; Gen. t. 40; Prodr. 146; leaves broadly ovate-sagittate repand
basal lobes rounded connate for An their length, sinus narrow, peduncles
short, tube of spathe half as long as the coriaceous incurved cymbiform
cuspidate limb, stigma subsessile disciform entire. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. m
205; Engler Arac. 502 & in Mart. Fl. Bras. iii. Pt. ii. 202, t. 46, 47. H
odora, C. Koch Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. (1854), App. 5; Engler Arac. 303.
A. commutata, Schott in Œstr. Bot. Wochenbl. (1854), 409. Colocasia
macrorrhiza, Schott Melet. i. 18; Thw. Enum. 336; C. odora, Brongn.
Ann. Mus. Par, iii. (1834), 145, t. 7; Kunth Enum. iii. 39. C. odorata,
Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3935. C. mucronata, Kunth l. c. 40. Caladium maeror
rhizon, Br. Prodr. 336. ©. odorum, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 641. C. odoratis:
simum, C. Koch in Berl. Allg. Gartenz. (1857), 90. O. glycirrhizum,
Fraser in Hook. Bot. Misc. i. (1830), 259. Philodendron? peregrin gz
Kunth l.c. 51. Arum macrorrhizon and peregrinum, Linn. Sp. PL Cat.
966. A. odorum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 499 ; Wight Ic. t. 797 ; Lodd. Bot. Cot.
t. 416.—Colocasia, Wall. Cat. n. 8941. ,

TROPICAL and SUBTROPICAD INDIA, wild and cult. Cult. in the tropics
generally. 0-12

Stem 6-16 ft, attaining 1 ft. diam. Leaves 2-4 by 6-18 in., nerves 10"
pairs, very stout, basal lobes incurved ; petiole 2-4 ft., base sometimes as thick © in
arm. Peduncles 2 (or more?) in each axil, 6-8 in., stout. Spathe 6- "
limb hooded and cuspidate at the top. Spadiz nearly as long as the E^ ary
appendage nearly equalling the infl., cylindric, obtuse, sinuously sulcate. v
incompletely 4-celled. Berries size of a cherry.

7. A. decipiens, Schott in Bonpland. vii. (1859), 28; Prodr. ie
leaves oblong sagittate twice as long as broad cuspidate, posticous l n
half the length of the anticous united for -5 their length, petiole. ong
slender, peduncles long, tube of spathe shorter than the oblong cymbifo

acuminate limb, style short, stigma capitate entire.

Prev, McLelland. ANDAMAN Isrps., Prain. . nerves
Leaves 9-18 by 4-9 in.; lobes 7 in., ovate-oblong, sinus broad open dage ?
6-7 pairs ; petiole 2-3 ft. Peduncle 12-24 in. Spathe 4 in., tube 1} in. ; appen

i ds
Ovaries globose. iti DO. : 1-1} in. See
1.1 in, Aën Fruiting tube of spathe ellipsoid or pyriform, 1-13

8. A. fornicata, Schott in Gistr. Bot. Wochenbl. (1854), 410; Sy
47 ; Prodr. 157; leaves ovate-lanceolate sagittate basal lobes much 8 nus
than the anticous connate } or 3 their length obtuse or subacute 8!
narrow acute, tube of spathe about half as long as the oblong CY lob
acuminate limb, ovary narrowed into a distinct style, stigma 4-
Engler Arac. 506. Colocasia? fornicata, Kunth Enum. ui. 4l. . Grif.
fornicatum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 501; Wight Ic. t. 792 (not t. 789) 5

Notul. iii. 130, 132, t. 167.—Oolocasia, Wall. Cat. 8941, 8945.

BENGAL, SILHET, AssaM and Ourrracoxo, Roxburgh, ke.

Alocasia,] OLXVI. AROIDEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 527

Stem 1-3 ft., inclined or prostrate, lj in. diam. Leaves 8-12 by 4-5 in., acute
or obtuse, slightly waved, nerves 6-8 pairs ; petiole 8-12 in. and shorter peduncle
douded. Spathe 3—4 in., greenish yellow, Spadix nearly as long as the spathe;
appendage 3-1} in., about as long as the infl. Seeds A in. diam., globose.

9. A. navicularis, Koch & Bouché Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. (1855),
App. 2; in Ann, Sc. Nat. Ser. iv. i. 338, leaves broadly oblong sagittate
tontracted opposite the triangular obtuse divergent posticous lobes which
are united for 1—2 their length, tube of spathe half as long as the oblong
‘ymbiform acute limb, style very short, stigma disciform obscurely lobed.
Engler Arac. 505 (excl. syn. fallax); Ic. Arac. No. 124. Colocasia navi-

s Koch & Bouché l c. (1853), 13.

Kuasia Hints, alt. 1-4000 ft.—J. D. H. A T. T.

Stem short. Leaves 8-18 by 5-8 in., cuspidate; basal lobes 3-7 in., much
shorter than the anticous, nerves 4-6 pairs; petiole 1-2 ft. Spathe 4-5 in.; spadix
aout 3 in, ; appendage as long or longer than the infl., sinuously sulcate. Seeds
farbinate, 3 in, long.

10. A. fallax, Schott in Bonpland. vii. (1859), 28; Prodr. 150; leaves
y ovate or orbicular-ovate sagittate basal lobes one-third as long as
* anticous connate from 3-4 their length converging sinus narrow, tube
of spathe oblong lanceolate cuspidate limb, ovaries narrowed into a rather
ong style, stigma 3-cleft.
Dr HrALAYA and Knuet Hitts, alt. 2-4000 ft.; J. D. H. $ T. T.
, eaves 12-20 by 9-12 in. or more; basal lobes 4-8 in.; nerves numerous, 7-9
t "3; petiole 1-2 ft, Peduncle 18 in. Spathe 5-6 in., membranous, yellow ; fruiting
- 1-25, ellipsoid or pyriform. Seeds 4 in. diam., globose.—Near A. decipiens, but
Mate larger, and stigma very different, basal lobes of many-nerved leaves approxi-
* Itis probably nearer A. fornicata.

ll. A. longiloba, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 207 ; in Bot. Zeit. (1856), 564
v "es oblong-lanceolate caudate-acuminate sagittate, basal lobes obtusely
40gular more than half as long as the anticous connate from 3-1 in.,

bile’ triangular obtuse. Schott Prodr. 153; Engler Arac. 506. A. ama-
Ep Hort. Buil, Caladium heterophyllum, Presl. Plant, Jav. Zolling. n.

Aleng (Herb. DC), ? Wallick, without name, number or locality.—DistTRiB.
3 Dorneo,
uu Lentes 12-20 by 4-5 in. across the insertion of the petiole. Limb of spathe

” Anceolate, acuminate. Spadix 3in. Seeds 45-1 in. diam.
= Leaves peltate, basal lobes connate for half or all their length.

12. A. ac . - 98:] lon-
* acuminata, Schott in Bonpland. vii. (1859), 28; leaves elon
Sate-rhombic caudate-acuminate contracted opposite the basal lobes which

& .

dra lf as long as the anticous and connate for 2 their length. Engler
"E —Colocasia? Wall. Cat. 8946.

tirer, Vie J. D. H. and T. T. ; Peau, Kurz. UPPER BURMA, Anderson; Saluen
» Wallich, ,

hin, Lat horizontal, Leaves 6-12 by 3-5 in. membranous, costal nerves 3-4
» lobes nearly parallel, sinus narrow, obtuse.

ag À. Beccarii, Engler Arac. Spicileg. Born. e Pap. 14; leaves

"s oblong-ovate or -lanceolate caudate-acuminate narrowed to the

basal lobe

Obes which are connate throughout their length and j-j as long as

528 OLXVI. AROIDEE, (J. D. Hooker.) [ Alocasia.

i d dage as
the anticous, tube of spathe as long as the cymbiform limb, appen
long as the inf. A. perakensis, Hemsl. in Journ. Bot. xvii. (1887), 209.

PERAK; Wray, Scortechini. . .

Stem subseandent, rooting, as thick as a swan’s quill. Leaves thickly Sieg
or fleshy, nerves 3—4 pairs, sender, depressed, posticous lobes par ^ Dé DER
in., slender, sheath very short. Peduncle as long as the petio o e scattered,
white or green, tube oblong; appendage cylindric, obtuse. | a m
obovoid; style long, stigma disciform, 3-lobed. Seeds globose, iin. .

DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES.

+ 188
A. ALBA, Schott in (Estr. Bot. Zeitschr. (1852), 59; Syn. 48; P wee ey
Javan species, attributed to Ceylon on the faith of a specimen
Burmann (in Herb. Delessert. ` ht Ie.
A. PORTIO LA (Caladium), Road. of Wight Ic. t. 789 (not of Fl. Ind. § Wig
t. 792).—]Ic. Roxb. n. 1655. : 7b
Stem as thick as the wrist, annulate. Leaves ovate-cordate, acuminate s T
5 in., basal lobes connate for A of their length, sinus very ar "m. Spathe
pairs; petiole 8-12 in., sheathing half way up. Peduncles binate, : ida te, open,
4 in. tube 1 in., ellipsoid, green; limb 14 in. broad, obovate, ra conical,
yellow. Spadix as long as the spathe, pale yellow; appendage “style with 3
acuminate, as long as the infl. Ovary ovoid, narrowed into a Indian species;
3-fid stigma. Seed broadly ovoid.—I cannot identify this with Wë the Northern
it is probably one of Roxburgh's plants collected near Samulcottah in
Circars. . Spo
ALOCASIA, sp. Malacca, Grifith (Kew Distrib. 6308, 6009), sl, A a
Malacca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1549, 1549?) may both be new, but
good state, and may be referable to Malayan species unknown to me.

20. AGLAONEMA, Schott.

he

Herbs, caudex erect or prostrate. Leaves ovate or oblong: D
erect, deciduous, tube convolute, limb cymbiform gaping Or te; male an
convolute. Spadiz equalling the spathe, or shorter, stipita ea: append:
fem. infl. usually contiguous, with rarely neuters intersper 8 remote with
age 0. Stamens 2-4, distinct, subclavate ; anthers short, cells al discoid
apical pores. Ovaries few, l-rarely 2-celled, stigma large or Tar ' Berri
or cupular; ovules solitary in the cells, anatropous, subbasila ‘about 20;
capitate. Seeds exalbuminous; embryo macropodal.—Species
Tropical Asiatic and African.

. lender.
* Nerves of leaf numerous, close, parallel, all uniform, very $

(See also 10. A. pumilum).

in. linear
L A. Grifüthi, Schott Syn. 123; leaves 12-16 by 34 im e
oblong obtuse, petiole 2-3 ft., stigma cup-shaped. A palustre, an Jour?
Binnend. in Naturk. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. (1863), 305; Tor hott Geh
As. Soc. Beng. xiv. pt. ii. (1876), 153. Aglaodorum Griffithi,
t. 58; Prodr. 306; Engler Arac. 443.

MALACCA, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 5991).—DisTRIB. Sumatra.

tout. Spat
Leaves coriaceous ; petiole very stout. Peduncle 12-18 in., very 847"
2 in., oblong, cuspidate. Ovaries 2-celled.

D 892 (e
2. A. oblongifolium, Schott in Wien. Zeitschr. iii. (1829) ap

. B n
Linnza vi. (1831), Litterb. 53) ; leaves 8-24 by 2-4in. linear-oblong

Aglaonema. } OLXVI. AROIDEEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 5929

minate base acute, petiole 4—6 in. sheathing to near the top, spathe 2-4 in.
oblong euspidate. Kunth Enum. iii. 55. A. integrifolium, Schott Melet.

A. nitidum, Kunth l.c. 56; Schott Syn. 122; Prodr. 302; Engl. Arac.
93. Calla oblongifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 516; Wight Ic. t. 806. C.
nitida, Jack. in Mal. Misc. 1, No. 1, 24. Arum integrifolium, Link. Enum.
Hort. Berol. ii. 394.— Aroid. Wall. Cat. 8965.

Penang, PERAK, and SINGAPORE, Wallich, &c.—DrisTRIB. Borneo. .

Cauden 1-3 ft. Leaves coriaceous, dark green, shining. Peduncles 4-8 in.
“patke green, margins white. Spadir stout, nearly as long as the spathe; male

subacute, Ovary 1-celled; stigma tabular, much broader than the ovary
& Io, Scortechini).

? A. Helferi, Hook. f.; leaves 6-10 by 2-2} in. oblong-lanceolate
‘audate-acuminate base acute, petiole 5-6 in. sheathing for the lower
» peduncles 2-3 in., spathe 1 in. oblong-lanceolate actite.
Tixasexgrw, Helfer (Kew Distrib. 5994).
Cauder 6 in. and upwards, branched, as thick as a swan's quill, leafy upwards.
ves thin, costa not very stout, nerves very slender. Spadiz with the stipes
“arly equal the infl. Ovary 1-ovuled, stigma disciform.

la 4 A. Clarkei, Hook. f.; scandent, leaves 7-9 by 2-3 in. elliptic-
nceolate caudate-acuminate base acute, petiole 8-9 in. slender sheathing
at the base only, peduncle 5-6 in., seeds 3-1 in., fusiform.
CRITTAGONG ; at Kasalong, Clarke.
gon Helferi, but the petioles are much longer and more slender, the leaves of a
"mer texture with stronger costa and nerves.

"p Timary nerves much stronger than the intermediate or secondary.
* Leaves 8-12 in,

wi A. Hookerianum, Schott in Bonpland. vii. (1859) 30; Prodr.
i faves 8-11 by 31-43 in. elliptic-ovate or -oblong acuminate, base
Peti or cuneate and unequal-sided, primary nerves 6-8 pairs arching,
eb 6-8 in. stout sheathing to about the middle or beyond it, spat e
H 1t. oblong cuspidate. Engler Arac. 438; N. E. Br. in Gard. Chron.
882) iii, 333. `
A Hits, alt. 2-3000 ft., Grifith, &c. CacHaR, Keenan, CHITTAGONG,
x takoond, J7, SI. d T., Lister. ARRAKAN; Kurz. | .
? elongate, 4 in. thick, nodose. Leaves thinly coriaceous, dark green
Ome Nerves very slender. Spathe cymbiform, dark green. Spadix long-stipitate.
lindaa Dr, flagon-shaped, narrowed into a conical style. Seeds 4-1 in. long,

ô. A. bi 10 by 24-3} in. elliptic-
* Dirmanicum, Hook. f.; leaves 8- y g 1n.
kee or -lanceolate Deeg base rounded, primary nerves
to nt 10 airs erecto-patent slightly curved, petiole 2-5 in. sheathing
abont, the middle, peduncle very short, spathe lj in. linear-oblong
minate.
"TER BURMA ; in ] ds towards Nempean, Grifith.
dee Zoe 2 ft., erect, probably as thick as the little finger, leafy at the top only ;
4i 8 1- in., red. Leaves thinly coriaceous, primary nerves distinct. Peduncle
date a Pathe greenish. Spadiz white.—The less curved nerves and narrow cau-
*Pàthe are quite unlike any allied species.

wb Schottianum, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 316; in Bot. Zeit. (1856),

Mm

530 cLxvi. AROIDEE. (J. D. Hooker.) ` [Aglaonema.

565; leaves 8-12 by 14-43 in. oblong acuminate or subcaudate, base
acute rounded on cordate sometimes unequal-sided, primary nerves 9-12
pairs, petiole sheathing to }—} its length, peduncles short, spathe li m.
oblong cuspidate. Schott Prodr. 303; Engler Arac. 440. A. longe
cuspidatum, Schott Le 304. A. malaccense, Schott in Bonpland. (1859)
30; Prodr. 302.—Aroid. Wall. Cat. 8961.

Burma; from Pegu to Tenasserim, Wallich, Ze, PERAK, Scortechini. Ma-
LACCA, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 5984, 5985). —DrsTRIB. Java, Borneo. .

Stem stout (climbing often 30-40 ft., King’s Collector). Leaves subcoriaceous,
usually 3 times as long as broad, with parallel sides, rarely ovate-lanceolate ; lower
nerves spreading and arching or nearly straight; petiole 3-7 in., stout. Seeds 4 in.
long.— The narrower leaved specimens represent the typical Schottianum.

8. E. nicobaricum, Hook. f.; leaves ovate or oblong shortly acum
nate, base rounded equal or somewhat unequal-sided, principal nervo
7-9-pairs, petiole short sheathed to the middle, peduncles equalling 0
shorter than the petiole, spathe 14 in. oblong acuminate.

NICOBAR ISLANDS, Kurz, King’s Collector. . dary

Stem probably as thick as the little finger. Leaves 8-10 by 3-43 in., secon hort
nerves indistinct; petioles 3-5 in., rather slender.—The broad thin leaves with $
points are very different from birmanicum and malaccense.

tt Leaves 3-4 in. long ; petiole sheathing at the base only.

9. A. Scortechinii, Hook. f.; leaves ovate to elliptic-oblong ird
nate, primary nerves 6-7 pairs arched strong beneath secondary few 9 e in.
petiole j-1 in. sheathing at the base only, spathe terminal, peduncle $-

PERAK, Scortechini. rather

Stem erect, 6-12 in., as thick as a swan’s quill. Leaves membranous,
waved, ‘‘ pustular beneath,” Scort.). Seed ellipsoid, obtuse, $ by à in.

10. A. pumilum, Hook. f.; leaves 3-41 in. ovate or ovate-lanch® a
acuminate, base rounded, primary nerves very faint arched, petiole sho as
than the limb, spathe ł in. oblong apiculate, peduncle slender nearly
long as the petiole. Aroid. Wall. Cat. 8960 B.

Burma ; Chappedong Hill, Wallich; Mergui, Griffith. .

Caudex probabl$ as thick as a goose-quill, rooting. Leaves thinly ¢

e 1 ng,
CH nerves sometimes undistinguishable from the secondary. Seed 3 in. long
ellipsoid.

oriaceous,

D te,
ll. A. minus, Hook. f. ; leaves 3-4. oblong or ovate-oblong acum

base rounded, primary nerves 3—4 pairs faint arched, petiole shorter io o
the limb, peduncle very short. A. pictum, Engler Arac. in par
Kunth).—A roid. Wall. Cat. 8960 A.

SINGAPORE, Wallich.

Caudez erect, 6-7 in., as thick as a swan's quill. Leaves thinly co

brown when dry, primary nerves sometimes undistinguishable from the sec
petiole slender. Peduncle 3-3 in.

riaceous,
ondary ;

late
12. A. nanum, Hook.f ; leaves 4-5 in. ovate- or oblong-lanceo is

acuminate coriaceous, base subacute unequal-sided, primary nerves ade,
arched, sunk above prominent beneath, petiole shorter than the b
peduncles 1-15 in., spathe 2 in. oblong beaked.
Perak ; in dense Bamboo forests, alt. 4-600 ft., King's Collector. nerves,
Stem as in A. minus, but leaves much more coriaceous, with strong

Ayaoma.] ^ crxvi. ARorpEx, (J. D. Hooker.) 531

Fort very indistinct. Petiole not half the length of the blade, slender. Spathe
W-green. Seed 3 in. long, linear-oblong.

13. A. costatum, N. E. Br. in Gard. Chron. 1892, i. 426; leaves
m. ovate acute or cuspidate, blotched with white base retuse or sub-
te, primary nerves 7-9 pairs spreading and strongly arched, petiole
stout, porter than the blade, peduncle stout, spathe 1 in. obovoid, spadix
nding.
Faas, Curtis (Hort. Veitch). .
Leaves 21-3 in. broad, dark green, costa stout, base rather unequal-sided ;
petiole 2 in, diam., terete, sheath basal. Spathe light green, subacute. Spadiz very
» the protruding male part $ in, long, 4 in. diam.

21. HOMALOMENA, Schott.

Herbs, rhizome stout or 0. Leaves eitire very variable in shape. Spathe
‘ually erect, convolute, wholly persistent round the fruit. Spada in-
ued; male and fem. infl. close together, cylindric; ovaries with or
ont clavate staminodes. Stamens distinct, in dense groups; anther-

3 very short or oblong opening by pores or slits; connective thick.

"és ovoid or globose, perfectly or imperfectly 2-4-celled, stigma sessile ;

es 2-seriate or the placentas, anatropous or 5-anatropous. Berries few-
ft many-seeded. Seeds small, ovoid, albuminous. Embryo axile.—Species

ut 30, tropical.

Chamecladon, as constituted by Schott, cannot (as Mr. N. E. Brown had
e Observed) be separated from Homalomena by the ovarian cells, or by any
m a DiäCter. A more natural generic division of the species of both would be
ptn at? with the spathe contracted above the fem. infl. and those with no such
wutraetion; and I have adopted this as a sectional character. The further group-
mie the species here described is artificial, and not very reliable, it is the best I
ify Lite from Herbarium and often hardly sufficient specimens. H. rostrata
the from the generic character in having a vacant space in the spadix between

* and fem, infi.

D
Spathe contracted above the female infl.

LH. sagi 1;1 tel
o tteefolia, Jungh. ex Schott Prodr. 311; leaves ovately

?' deltoidly sagittate acuminate not much longer than broad, basal lobes
tube J Spreading, sinus rounded at the base, spathes many 3-4 in. long,
4p, "Wh shorter than the limb. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. zn Engler
Engler £ c "E propinqua, Schott in Ann. Mus. Lwgd. Bat. i. ;
Lon aiK; Scortechini, Wray, alt. 2500-3C00 ft., King’s Collector.—DISTRIB.

cng bast (stemless, Scortech.). Leaves 8-14 by 6-10 in., firm ; lobes rarely

oo. £ Sinus broad or narrow; nerves rather strong ; petiole 1-1} ft., sheathing

te middle. Pedunele 6-9 in. Tube of spathe 1-1} in., limb 2-3 in, by 1 broad,

| jg,’ Pink When young. Spadizx stipitate. Male inf. 3 in. by lin. diam., fem.
`, Sta ‘ens in groups of 5-6. Ovary oblong, 3-celled; stigma pulvinate.—
Pt. chiefly from notes by Scortechini.

S R. Paludosa, Hook. f.; leaves oblong-hastate usually twice as

gas broad acuminate, basal lobes divaricate obtuse or rounded, sinus

Uthe li deep, base rounded, spathes numerous 3-4 in., tube as long
x m 2

532 OLXVI. AROIDEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Homalomena.

PERAK; Larut, in very wet jungly places, King’s Collector, Seortechini. :

Leaves 7-10 by 23-4 in. ; primary nerves slender; petiole 8-12 in.. sheathing a
the middle. Peduncles 2-7, 6-7 in. when flowering, elongating to 12 in. Le :
white, striped with pale green. Spadiz stout, stipitate, male infl. ed ender,
about equalling the fem. Ovary 3-celled; stigma pulvinate, obscurely 3-lobed.

3. H. rostrata, Grif. Notul. iii. 154 (err. typ. roshalum) ; linh $
leaves 12-20 by 3-6 in. oblong-lanceolate acuminate, petiole as d
sheathing to beyond the middle, spathes many 4-6 in. Schott Ski dr.
Prodr. 312. Chamecladon sanguinolentum, Griff. Le, 147 ; Schott .
316.

MarAcca, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 5989, 5990).

Habit of deit Geck (Griffith). Leaves coriaceous, dark green, unita
base acute or cuneate ; primary nerves many, faint. Peduncles crowded, ile: tube
8-12 in. Spathes constricted below the middle, fleshy, green, margins w! A "about
narrow, limb convolute. Spadiz shortly stipitate, slightly curved; male mn. itate.
twice as long as fem. with a short naked space intervening; staminodes cap
Ovaries subglobose, 2-4-celled; stigma pulvinate.

** Spathe not contracted above the fem. infi.

f Leaves 6-12 in. broad, deeply cordate sagittate or hastate. Spathe
2-4 in. long.

4. H. rubescens, Kunth Enum. iii. 57; leaves cordate or sagittately
cordate acuminate, basal lobes semi-ovate or rounded approximate "118;
shorter than the anticous, sinus narrow, spathes red. Schott En er
Prodr. 310; Engl. Arac. 336 (excl. singaporensis). H. rubra, e Sem.
Regel Gartenfl. (1869), t. 634. Zantedeschia rubens, C. Koch Ind: è.

Tor t. perol. 1854, app. Calla rubescens, Rozb. Fl. Ind. iii. 515; H
c. t. .

SIKKIM HIMALAYA and KHASIA Hitts, J. D. H. CHITTAGONG, Buchanan:
DISTRIB. Java. : ith red,

Caudez short, rooting, 1 in. diam. Leaves 6-12 in., usually tinged "leaf, and
sinus subacute or rounded at the red petiole, which is longer than tne oblong;
sheathing for $ its length. Peduncles several, 3-4 in., stout. Spathe M of this
acute at base and top.—I am very doubtful as to the limits and habi o, Ror-
species, it being impossible to distinguish some forms of caerulescens from the sinus
burgh, perhaps by error, describes the petioles as 1-5 ft. long ; he figures
as more acute than in any of the specimens I refer to the species.

e ves

5. H. aromatica, Schott Melet. i. 20; Syn. 117; P rodr. 309; gro

as in H. rubescens but lobes divaricate and spathe green. D Enum.
335. H. cordata, Schott Melet. 20; Syn. 118; Prodr. 309; Zen, Ann.
Di. 57; Mig. FL. Ind. Bat. iii, 211. H. Gaudichaudii, Schott in A'E: Koch
Mus. Lugd. Bat. i. 280. Zantedeschia aromatica, cordata and foot li A 3
Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. (1854), app. Calla aromatica, Rorb. Ft.

, Cal.
t 8 Bot. Mag. t. 2279; Wight Ic. t. 805. C. occulta, Lodd. Bot

burg’

ASSAM ; Masters, Grifith (Kew Distrib. 5966, 5967). Currracone, Bos would

This is no doubt a different plant from H. rubescens, as living Spe? drawing, |
show ; but except the h's

: green more obtuse spathe, as shown in Roxburg^ .
find no diagnostic characters given, and T have seen no authentic specimen® of the
burgh’s character of basal lobes rounded and divaricate is contravened Dy te sinus

"nhi . u
leaves in his drawing, which accord in its deeply cordate base and very 9
with H. rubescens.

Homalomena.] ^ orxvt. arorpua. (J. D. Hooker.) 533

6. H. ccerulescens, Jungh. ex Schott Prodr. 310, leaves deltoidly
ovate acute or acuminate, base subhastate or cordate with a broad shallow
anus, rarely sagittately cordate, lobes rounded at the tip, spathe 24-34 in.
subacute pale yellow white within. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. ii. 212; Engler
Arac. 339, Ic. ined. No. 67. H. minus and majus, Griff. Notul. iii. 152,
183; Schott Syn. 119, Prodr. 312; Engler l.c. 343. H. Wallichii, Schott

n Bonpland. (1859), 30; Prodr. 311; Engler l.c. 335. Caladium amboi-
nense, Herb. Ham.— Aroid. Wall. Cat. 8951.

Penang, Wallich. PERAK, Scortechini. Matacca; Griffith (Kew Distrib.
$55,001. Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1542).—DrsTRIB. Java.

Rootstock short, as thick as the thumb or thicker, Leaves 5-12 in., and often
35 broad ag long, nerves very many and close; petiole 8-36 in., sheathing for $ or i
is length, Pedwncles 6-10 in. Spadix shortly stipitate, very stout; fem. infi.
about as long as the male.—In the usually divaricate basal lobes of the majority of
the §pecimens, this accords with Roxburgh’s character of H. aromatica, but the leaves

rather more membranous and the spathe usually larger. Living specimens are
Wanted to distinguish this, aromatica, and rubescens.

Ai H. pontederæfolia, Griff mss.; leaves 4-8 in. coriaceous
ly deltoid acuminate base truncate or subcordate, principal nerves
tong, peduncles short stout, spathe 14-24 in. obtuse.
Matacca ; at Ayer Punus, in heavy forest, Griffith (Kew Dist., 5964). PERAK,

hini, Hervey. E

, Stem short, Leaves nearly black when dry, principal nerves 6-7 pairs, interme-
u- very obscure; petiole 6-15 in., sheathing for à of its length. —Peduncles
Several, 2-4 in., decurved after flowering.—In a sketch by Scortechini the spathe

“Tepresented as inflated and spadix shortly exserted.
H Leaves rarely 6 in. broad, base acute or rounded rarely truncate.

Padis sessile in all but H. Griffithii.

8. E. angustifolia, Hook. f.; leaves 5-6 by 3-} in. narrowly linear-
e late acuminate at both eni coriaceous, nerves few straight nearly
ribbed to the margin, peduncle very short, spathe 3-4 in. oblong apiculate

Chamæcladon angustifolium, Schott in Bonpland. (1858), 369 ;
Jack i, Engler Arac. 344; Ic. ined. No. 103. Calla angustifolia,
Mal. Misc. i. No, 124.—Aroid. Wall. Cat. 8959 (in part).

Rt k ith a thickened mucro

s. Stock as thick as se-quill, prostrate. Leaves with a thicken ;
Eo in. rather slender, shcathing from + or j their length. Peduncles 4-1

“Pathe thin. Spadis with the fem. infl. } the length of the male.

` Lë) of leaves usually as long as the petiole or longer, rarely shorter.

di lancifolia, Hook. f.; leaves 6-9 by 13-25 in. narrowly
hio. lanceolate gradually acuminate at both ends, nerves many pairs
nmin tent, peduncles short, spathe 4 in., linear-oblong cuspidately

peA, Scortechini, la
bü, gack subereet, rooting. Leaves rather coriaceous, nerves raised a ove ;
membranon, 2», Sheathing 4-} its length. Peduncles 14-2 in. slender. Spa e
Near o Dee striate. Spadiv with the fem. infl. nearly half as long as the male.—

m. consobrina, Schott, of Sumatra, but a much stouter plant.

aten
ate,

Wer humilis, Hook. f. ; leaves 4-6 by 13-2 in. elliptic-oblong acute

534 CLXII. AROIDEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Homalomena,

i -patent
or acuminate, base rounded or cuneate, nerves 5-8 pairs erecto-pa
arched, petiole slender sheathing half way up or less, peduncles many Med
short, spathe elliptic acuminate or cuspidate, fem. infi. 2-3 the ong 4945;
male. Chamecladon humile, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 213; Engler 2 Aroid.
Te. ined. No. 104. Calla humilis, Jack in Mal. Misc. i. No. 1, 22.— .
Wall. Cat. 8959 (in part).

PENANG, Wallich, Porter. PERAK, Scortechini.—DisTRiB. Borneo. , a
Rootstock 2-3 in, as thick as a swan’s quill. Leaves rather thi, margins ot
minutely crisped when dry; petiole 5-6 in.; costa and nerves Kaesch 2 in.
Peduneles 3-1 in. Spathe rather membranous, not striate. Spare 5e figure the
long, obtuse; fem. infl. about & in. with or without staminodes.— ngle
nerves as very numerous, but describes them corectly as 9-8 pairs.

1i dr

ll. H. velutina, Scortechini mss.; leaves 25-5 by 13-25 in. ue di
oblong or obovate-oblong acute, base rounded cuneate hi 21 to 4 of its
petiole, nerves 10-15 pairs strong beneath, petiole sheat Eh a recur
length, peduncles many very short, spathes 3-3 1n. narrow wi
cusp, spadix sessile, fem. infl. 2-3 the length of the male.

PERAK, Scortechini; at Sunga Ryah, King’s Collector. . ther

Rootstock as thick as the. little finger, copiously rooting. s pupillos;
coriaceous, rigid when dry, tip apiculate, or not, upper surface minu Poquncles
nerves slender, raised on both surfaces ; petiole 1-2 in. ; rather stout. odes, ovoid,
in. Spathe cylindric, blood-red. Ovaries with or without small stami ° Zi ace of
stigma very large.—Name given by Scortechini, who describes the Ka the under
the leaf as velvety (which is, I think, caused by minute papilla) an ished by the
surface as dotted with white. Probably a form of H. humilis, distingu
more numerous nerves of the leaf.

. less
12. H. Grifüthii, Hook. f.; leaves 4-7 by 14-24 in. Wise
obliquely elliptic-oblong or oblong-lanceolate tip curve tant slightly
acuminate base rounded or cuneate, nerves 4-5 pairs erecto-pa Tn any verf
arched, petiole slender sheathing 1 the way up, peduncles 7 stipitate.
short, spathe %-14 in. ovoid acuminate or rostrate, spa Prodr. 3193
Chamacladon Griffithii, Schott in Bonpland. (1858), 369;
Engler Arac. 346; Ic. ined. n. 113.

Matacca, at Ayer Punus Griffith. —DisTRIB. Borneo. ther thiu,
Rhizome as thick as the little finger, copiously rooting. Leaves H brow! i
base usually unequal-sided, costa and nerves slender, tip mucrone nger than the
petiole 4-6 in. Pedunclel-2in. Spathe green.' Male infi. rather long

x . . C . ries.
fem. acuminate; fem. with many capitate staminodes amongst the ova

. iptic- 0T
13. H. Scortechinii, Hook. f.; leaves 5-7 by 1-2 Wei Se
oblong-lanceolate or oblanceolate acuminate base narrowed ae vader sheath-
nerves 5-7 pairs erecto-patent arched very slender, petiole s Wë k,
ing i-i way up, peduncles 2-3 in., spathe 1-1} in. oblong with à c
spadix sessile. ; lector.
PERAK, Scortechini; on Mt. Bubong in bamboo forests, King's Co tip curve»
Rootstock as thick as a swan’s quill, rooting. Leaves rather thin, Spathe light
base rarely unequal-sided ; petiole 2-6 in. Peduncle rather slender. (velvety g!
green with a darker green center (King's Coll.) dark green “ with lender male
above," Scortechini). Spadix sessile, fem. ing. shorter than the ‘are narrow’
Ovaries globose, stigma disciform.—Near H. Griffithii, but the leaves. ‘recurved

at the base, the peduncles much longer, the spathes larger, obtuse we
beak, and the spadix is sessile.

. late or
l4 zt. obliquata, Hook, f; leaves 4-6 by 14-3 in. lano

Homalomena.] CLXVI, AROIDEX. (J.D. Hooker.) 935

ovate-lanceolate caudate-acuminate base obliquely acute rounded subtrun-
cate or subcordate, nerves 6-10 pairs, petiole slender sheathing 1-1 way up,
peduncles very short, spathe i-$ in. oblong cuspidately beaked, spadix
sessile, fem. infl. half as long or nearly as long as the male. Chamæcladon
obliquatum, Schott in Bonpland. (1858), 369; Prodr. 315; Engler Arac.
347; Wall. Cat. n. 8963.

PENANG, Phillips, Wallich; Mawacoa, Maingay.

Rootstock as thick as the thumb. Leaves very variable, usually broadest at the

with unequal rounded sides; nerves slender, nearly straight, except the basal

Where the base of the leaf is broad, tip with a thick long mucro. Peduneles }-2 iu.
Stigma disciform. Seeds many, faintly sulcate, red brown.—Closely resembles H.
Grifithii, but the spadix of that plant is stipitate.

15. H, Kingii, Hook. f; leaves 4-5 by 2-2} in. oblong or ovate-
oblong acute and mucronate, base rounded or subcuneate, nerves 4—5 pairs,
petiole stout sheathing from i-i way up, peduncles short, spathes 2-1 in.

ng cuspidately beaked, fem. inf. nearly as long as the male.

Singapore ; in swamps, King. .

Rootstock as thick asthe little finger. Leaves thinly coriaceous, slightly unequal-

3 nerves erecto-patent, slightly arched, tip with a thick mucro; petiole
Tather stout, Peduncle 13-1}. Berries about 15-seeded. Seeds red-brown.

, 16. x. truncata, Hook. f.; leaves 3-4 by 1-1} in. oblong or
triangular- or oblong-lanceolate acuminate from a broad truncate or sub-
hastate base, nerves very slender, petioles slender sheathing from 3-3 their
length, peduncles half as long as the petioles or shorter, spathes 1-1} in.
oblong cuspidately beaked, fem. infl. half as long as the male or more, with
ni staminodes intermixed and below the infi. Chamecladon truncatum,

Chott in Bonpland. (1858), 369; Prodr.314; Engler Arac. 347.

MeRevr, @rifith.—Disrere, Borneo?
Rootstock as ick M a Roose quill Leaves very membranous; nerves many,
"ly straight, except the basal, base usually unequal-sided, tip mucronulate.
es slightly curved, narrowly oblong in flower, broader in fruit. Bpadi»
wed and few.fld. at the base but hardly stipitate. Stigma capitate. Seeds
bu Many, striate.—The Bornean specimen included by Schott has identical leaves,
to (or LECT narrower falcate finely acuminate spathe, a distinctly stipitate spadix,
(or obscure) staminodes, and furrowed seeds.

v. H -2 i lliptic-ovate obovate or
* pumila, Hook. f.; leaves 14-2 in. elliptic- )

tlong subacute apiculate 75 méie, nerves very faint, petiole very

lender sheathing at the base, peduncles short slender, spathe j-$ in.

het oblong cuspidately beaked, spadix sessile, fem. intl. 4 the length of

acute male, staminodes few.

SINGAPORE Main
Ootstock creeping ond copiously rooting, rather slender. Leaves green; nerves
Ma airs, arching, Peduncles AA in. Seeds few in the berries, pale spotted we
ttha | EI Bear the Javan and Bornean H. purpurescens (Chamecladon, Schott)
the leaves are green, of a very much more delicate texture, the petiole much

e slender, and the fem. infl. shorter.

I8, a. nutans . leaves 44-5 by 2-21 in. elliptic acuminate
wrath ends tip gel Jeavos very "aint, petiole sheathing for
Ova its length, peduncles short decurved above, spathe cernuous broadly
path, with a recurved cusp, spadix stout sessile much shorter than the

è, fem. ing, half as long as the broadly ovoid obtuse male.

536 OLXVI. AROIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [Homalomena.

PERAK; at Larut, alt. 100-1000 ft., King’s Collector. . the

Rhizome as thick as the little finger, elongate, rooting. Leaves serito D
rhizome (not tufted) coriaceous, pale beneath, primary nerves inconse oa about half
petiole rather stout. Peduncles 1-2 in. Spathes rather turgid, l P a ninodes 0?—
the length of the spathe. Ovaries ovoid; stigma large, pulvina ; ottis elongata.
The spathe exactly resembles Engler's figure of that of Schismatog

§§ Petiole longer than the leaf blade. Spadix stipitate in all.

: lliptic-
19. H. elliptica, Hook. f.; leaves 3-4 by 13-2 in. subfaleate kesari
ovate acute or acuminate hardly mucronate many es elongate, spathe
petiole slender sheathing for 3 to } its length, pedune d stipitate, fem.
3-1 in. linear-oblong cuspidately beaked, spadix shor ves
inf. not 4 the length of the male with intermixed staminodes.
PERAK ; along watercourses, Scortechini. . unequal-
Rootstock creeping, as thick as a swan’s quill. Leaves more or ently archel.
sided, coriaceous ; nerves 7-8 pairs, rather strong, impressed above,
Peduneles few, 3-4 in. Spathe nearly straight.

C. i base
20. H. ovata, Hook. f.; leaves 6-7 by 3-4 in. m acumine less
rounded few-nerved, petiole rather longer than the bla e “blong acute,
than half way up, peduncle 2-3 in., spathe li in. linear obon des
spadix stipitate, fem. infi. half the length of the ma S "at, Engler
Chamæcladon ovatum, Schott in Bonpland. (1859), 30; Proar. 2195
Arac. 348.—Aroid. Wall. Cat. n. 8964.

SINGAPORE ; Wallich. Penance; Herb. Delessert. . se unequal
Roots'ock as thick as the middle finger. Leaves rather coriaceous ne obscure ;
or not, nerves 5-6 pairs slightly arched, rather strong beneat dp ng às the spathe ;
petiole not very stout. Spathe 1-14 in., straight. Spadia as t aries subglobose;
fem. infl. not half as long as the elongate conoidal acute male; O
stigma subcupular obscurely lobed.

e zoidly oF

21. H. trapezifolia, Hook f.; leaves 4-5 by 23-4 in. nt truncate
deltoidly ovate caudate-acuminate many-nerved, base can eathing 4-3 of
and cuneate at the insertion of the long petiole which 8 lon acuminate,
its length, peduncle elongate, spathe 1 in. narrowly 0 » aile.
spadix stipitate, fem. infl. hardly half as long as the narro

PERAK; Scortechini, King’s Collector. rowed from

Rootstock creeping, as thick as the thumb. Leaves chartaceonn tip, sides
a broad base with rounded angles to a fine slender curved apicuta ht or the
times incurved ; nerves about 10 pairs, rather strong, nearly Ss 2-3 in, $
spreading and arched; petiole 6-14 in., slender. Peduncies
Staminodes 0 or few and clavate, Stigma disciform. phastate

. su

22. H. deltoidea; leaves 6 by 4 in. deltoidly ovale, On ed not
acuminate basal angles or lobes rounded, sinus very brog spathe 2m
cuneate at the insertion of the petiole, peduncles short,
narrowly eilipsoid narrowed into a long slender cusp.

PERAK, Scortechini. very like those, :

Rootstock as thick as the little finger. Leaves chartaceous, nerves pa,
H, trapezifolia, but not cuneate at the insertion of the petiole ; eathing for D A
with innumerable slender intermediates; petiole 12-14 in. h fem. nfl en
length. Peduncles several. Spathe not constricted above the Ty have

longer than in H. trapezifolia, and spadix stouter. Stigma disco:d.
only one specimen.

Homalomena.] CLXVI. AROIDER. (J. D. Hooker.) 537

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
H. sivaAPORENSIS, Regel Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. (1869), 18; in Gartenf.
(1870), 93; leaves 7-9 by 6-8 in., almost exactly deltoid acuminate, base truncate,
angles rounded, petiole clouded sheathing half-way up, red at the base, spathes
green without white within.—Singapore.

22. SCHISMATOGLOTTIS, Zoll. & Morritz.

Stotoniferous, herbs; stem short. Leaves entire, intramarginal nerve
strong. Spathe cylindric, convolute, hardly constricted, limb deciduous.
Spadiz sessile, included in the spathe, appendage 0, with barren organs
m the middle or top. Inflorescences contiguous or nearly so; male
cylindric or clavate; stamens 2—3, distinct, filament flat; anthers trun-
‘ate, prismatic or compressed, cells with large pores, connective warted
at the tip; pollen vermiform. Fem. Infl. cylindric or conic; staminodes
few, clavate, or 0. Ovary oblong, 1-celled ; stigma discoid; ovules many,
anatropons ; parietal. Berries oblong, enclosed in the tube of the spathe,
many-seeded. Seeds ellipsoid.—Species about 15, Malayan.

* Tube of spathe after flowering subcylindric.
t Leaves rounded or if cordate not deeply lobed at the base.

dei T. Wallichii, Hook. f.; limb of leaf 5-9 in. shorter or longer
£10 the petiole lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate caudate-acuminate, nerves

Pairs or more, petiole sheathing for $ its length, spathe long-
ere narrowly linear-oblong acuminate, spadix with neuters in the
"llle and male at the top.—Aroid. Wall. Cat. 8962.

P Prax, Scortechini King's Collector. Sin@aporr, Wallich, MALACCA ;
"ngay, )

EN Caves 14-24 in, broad, rather membranous, with slender reticulate secondary
$4 es between the primary, base rounded or subcordate ; petiole 8-12 in. Peduncle
daer Spathe 3-34 in., nearly straight, acuminate, white. Spadir rather
en j fem. infl. as long as the neuter, male shorter clavate; ovaries globose,
Stigma disciform

Var, oblongata ; leaf 8-10 by 34-4 in. more coriaceous cuspidately caudate
Ein sanded, costa very stout, nerves obscure.—Perak, in marshy places, Scortechini,
9$ Collector. Perhaps a different species.

?. S. brevicuspi ook f.; limb of leaf equalling or exceeding the
Die 4-6 by MS et acuminate with a very short subu-
the cusp, nerves many spreading arching, intermediates few, petiole
el for half its length, peduncles short, spathe 3 in. long-
folo nate, Spadix nearly equalling the spathe, fem. infl. elongate

ed y à short neuter portion, male infl. elongate its conical tip

Perak, Scortechini.
deep stock às thick as a goose-quill, elongate, trailing. Leaves membranous,
Ca äise above, the intermediate nerves forming areolæ between the primary.
Ce 1-3 in, Spathe greenish. Ovaries oblong, 2-3-lobed; stigma subsessile,

"8, Scortechini, Hook. f.; limb of leaf about equalling the petiole

538 CLXVL AROIDEE, (J.D. Hooker.) [Schismatoglottis.

oblong or obovate obtusely acuminate not apiculate base rounded acute
or subcordate, nerves many spreading and arched, petiole sheathing i M
its length, peduncles very short, spathe 2-2} in. cylindric singt
spadix stout, fem. infl. short, male twice as long with a few neuters i :
base and terminated by a cylindric sterile cone as long as the who
infi.

PERAK, Scortechini.

Rootstock stout. Leaves 5-7 by 24-3 in., coriaceous ; costa stout ; nev 20-30
pairs, slender; petiole 5-7 in. Peduncle 1-2 in., very stout. Spathe slight A ries
tracted above the fem. infl., sessile by a very oblique base. Spadizlj-2in. Uva
turbinate, the top covered by the flat circular stigma.

4. S. brevipes, Hook. f.; limb of leaf longer than the petiole m
ceous ovate or oblong acute base cordate, nerves spreading and are mA
petiole sheathing beyond the middle, peduncles few very short, SP the
li in. much constricted above the fem. infi., spadix constrictes, gë
middle, fem. infl. with a few capitate neuters intermixed, male infi. $
above.

PERAK, Scortechini. : ; iculate
Rootstock as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves 3-5 by 14-2 in., tip D Mi
nerves 8-12 pairs. Tube of spathe Ẹ in., ellipsoid. Spadix 14 in., Sete ti ina pulvi-
about as long as the sterile portion of the male. Ovaries turbinate; stig
nate.

jole

5. S. minor, Hook. f.; limb of leaf small shorter than the peter
membranous oblong or ovate acute base cordate, nerves MA or less,
spreading and arching, petiole slender sheathing for 4-3 10s jen in the
peduncle solitary slender, spathe oblong acute hardly contrac
middle.

PERAK, Scortechini. ing:

Rootstock very slender, as thick as a crow-quill, elongate, Geng sim
Leaves 2-24 by 1-14 in., pale beneath, tip not apiculate, costa and nerves in, limb
papillose beneath; petiole 3-4 in. Peduncle 2-2} in. Tube of spathe ie spathe.
ovate. Spadix with the fem, infl. adnate for nearly half its length to te, sessile
Ovaries scattered below, globose, few-ovuled ; placentas 2; stigma pulvinate,
— The specimens are very scanty and contained but one spathe.

tt Leaves deeply cordate at the base.
gittate

1
j or

Zi fem.
recurved slightly constricted much below the middle, spadix MAN boror
and male infl. about equal each 1 the length of the spadix wi ting in 9"
intervening constriction covered with neuters, male termina

lj in., limb membranous. Spadiz rather slender; male and fem. inf.
1 in., cylindric ; sterile cone 1 in., covered with very large flat sinuou b
(1856) 969;

7. S. longipes, Mig. Fl. ind, Bat, iii, 214; in Bot. Zeit.

Schismatoglottis. ] OLXVI. AROIDES. (J. D. Hooker.) 539

leaves cordately ovate or ovate-lanceolate caudate-acuminate membranous
many-nerved, petiole sheathing for } or 4 its length, peduncles many,
spathe 2-3 in. constricted about the middle, spadix with fem. infl. for half
its length followed by a constriction with neuters, male infl. clavate,
E upper half broadly conic sterile. Schott Gen. Aroid. t. 55; Prodr.

PERAK, Scortechini, Drepp. J ava, Sumatra. .
otstock elongate, as thick as a swan's quill, rooting. Leaves 5-7 by 2-3} in.,
e beneath, tip with a deciduous long mucro, costa stout; nerves 12-18 pairs,
‘preading and arching; petiole equalling or exceeding the limb. Peduncles 4-8 in.
Spathe with an inflated acuminate limb, tube 3-1 in. Ovaries oblong; stigma
pulvinate, obscurely lobed.—Reduced to S. calyptrata, Zoll. and Morr. (Syn. Verz.
Lol 83), by Engler, which is founded on Calla calyptrata, Roxb. (Wight Ic. t. 799),
a Amboyna plant with oblong leaves, short stout petioles and a capitate summit
of the male infi.

8. S. Kurzii, Hook. f.; leaves 8-12 by 4-6 in. ovate deeply cordate
nany-nerved membranous, basal sinus very acute, petiole 12-14 in. broadly
sheathed to the middle.

Prou Yoman, Kurz. ,
Ih mbles S, mutata, but a much larger leaved plant, with a very stout petiole.
k ave Seen no spathe, It is interesting as the most northern species of the genus
zown in India,

Bis e of spathe after flowering broadly funnel-shaped. (RHYNCOPYLE,

qi; S: elongata, Engler in Bull. Soc. Ort. Tose. iv. (1879) 298; leaves
Ptic-lanceolate or oblanceolate acute at both ends. Rhyncopyle elon-
Angler in Beccari Males. i. 289, t. 23, f. 3-15; Ic. ined. n. 199.

wé AK; sandy creeks, alt. 3000 ft., Scortechini.—D1sTRIB. Borneo (or Su-
Rootstock short. Leaves 4-8 by 1-24 in., coriaceous, pale beneath, tip with a
sheath mucro; nerves 7-8 pairs, nearly straight and costa beneath strong ; petiole
'ng at the base. Peduncles equalling the petioles or shorter. Spathe 13-2 in.,
ban th inclined, green, oblong, acute or acuminate. Spadiz sessile, much shorter
"à e spathe, stout ; fem. infil. shorter than the male, narrowed below, with tabu ar
Y ow it; malerounded at the top; connective broad, pubescent. Berries
parent D turbinate ; stigma a small sessile disc. Seeds fusiform, with a trans-
figure fleshy coat which is produced into a long tail at top and base, —Engler
athe spathe exactly as in Homalomena mutans, namely, broadly ovate and

u
ous on a decurved peduncle.

23. ANADENDRUM, Schott.

pet, ardent shrubs rooting on trees. Leaves distichous, entire or pinnatifid,

° geniculate at the tip; primary nerves many, secondary branch-
eyling Pathe ovate acuminate, deciduous. Spadia stipitate, elongate,
Sta ne; flowers crowded, bisexual; perianth 0, annular, or cupular.
erect 6, filaments very short, flattened ; anthers terminal, cells
Smal] subreniform, Ovary obconic, truncate, l-celled, crown flat; stigma

icp asile, linear; ovule solitary (or 2 in A. medium), basilar.
ttalbum all scattered ; pericarp without intercellular needles. Seed
Mal; nous, testa thick; embryo macropodal.—Species 4 or A

540 OLXvI. AROIDER. (J. D. Hooker.) [Anadendrum.

* Leaves entire.

1. A. montanum, Schott in Bonpland. v. (1857); Prodr. 371;
leaves drying black ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, petiole slender,
sheath very narrow. Engler Arac. 97; Ic. ined. No. 83. Scindapsus mon-
tanus, Kunth Enum. iii. 64; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 184. Pothos malayanus,
Mig. l.c. Suppl. 596. P. elegans, Wall. Cat. 4444. Calla montana, Blume
Cat. Hort. Buit. et in Flora (1825), 147.

TENASSERIM ; at Mergui, Helfer. PENANG, Wallich. PEBAK, Scortechim
King’s Collector. Matacca, Griffith, Maingay.—DistRis. Malay Islands. sae

Stem as thick as a goose-quill, terete, smooth. Leaves 6-12 by 24-4 in., cons
ceous, base cuneate rounded or subcordate often unequal-sided ; nerves very e
spreading; petiole 3-9 in., sheathed to the knee in young leaves, to a rs
height in older; knee 4-4 in. Peduncles 2-4 in., slender, rigid. Spathe 1 ! as
beak long straight. Spadix 1-2 in.; stipes slender. Perianth cupular, near'y
high as the ovary. Berries pisiform. eo

Var. longirostris; beak of spathe as long as the body.— Perak, VWray,— Borneo.

2. A. marginatum, Schott in Œstr. Bot. Wochenbl. (1857), 117:
Prodr. 390; leaves drying green oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate
petiole very broadly sheathing up to the knee. Engler Arac. 96. Po
marginatus, Wall. Cat. 4443.

PENANG, Porter. PERAK, Scortechini, King's Collector.— DISTRIB. Suma

Stem stout. Leaves 6-12 by 2-3} in., base acute acuminate cuneate or "7 in,
usually unequal-sided ; nerves very many, subereot or spreading ; petiole Spathe
sheath 4—4 in. broad, 2-auricled at the tip; knee short. Peduncles 3-5 in. 5

14-23 in. long, as in A. montanum, white on pale yellow. Perianth annular.

A . D blong
3. A. latifolium, Hook.f.; leaves drying greenish broadly o
cuspidately acuminate base acute, petiole rather slender, sheath very
narrow.

PERAK ; Scortechini, King’s Collector. . . perves
Stem as thick as a swan’s quill, Leaves 10-13 by 44-54 in., coriaceous thing
abont 12 pairs, strong, spreading and arched; petiole 7-10 iu., narrowly § bont ;
for Zits length. Peduncle 3-bin. Spathe 2-3 in., white within, greenish p rian
beak 4-4 the length of the body. Spadix 1-2 in., shortly stipitate.
annular.

** Leaves pinnatifid.

4. A. medium, Schott in Bonpland. v. (1857) 45; Prodr. 392; pi
phidophora Huegeliana, Schott ll. ee, 45, 384. Scindapsus medius, nU
and Moritz Syst. Verz. n. 82; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 186. Fe"
medium, Engler Arac. 250. Pothos pinnatus, Wall. Cat. 4438.

PERAK, Scortechini, King’s Collector. SINGAPORE, Wallich, Maing
TRIB. Malay Islands. proader

Stem 20 ft., less than lin. diam. Leaves 6-14 in. long and broad, or towards
than long, membranous, deeply pinnatitid or pinnatisect, often perforate 5 dimi-
the costa ; lobes 2-4 pairs, obliquely truncate, upper angle acute, basal lo "d
diate-ovate; petiole channelled, sheathing towards the base. Pedune d. within-

Spathe 2-3 in., eymbiform, pale green without, white or cream-colr Lin ©
les, an

Spadir shorter than the spathe, yellow, stipes 4 in. Ovary 2.celled, acc
ing bY
is represented in a drawing by Scortechini. Berry turbinate. Seed (judging net

ay.— I8"

Maingay, but Mr. Brown and I find but one cell with 2 erect basal ovu
18

figure of Scortechini) with a macropodal emb o.—Engler bas referred nt
anomalous plant to Epipremnum, en the stipitate spadix, ovules, the wa

Anadendtum.] CLXVI. AROIDEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 541

needles in (the pericarp, and apparently macropodal embryo, all point to Anadendrum.
ere are needles in the tissue of the petioles, which I do not find in any other

Anadendrum,

24. SCINDAPSUS, Schott.

Climbing shrubs with the characters of Anadendrum, but the spadix
8 sessile, there is no cupular perianth, and the pericarp of the berries
abounds in intercellular needles.—Species about 10, tropical Asiatic,

ustralian and Polynesian.

See note under genus Rhaphidophora.
* Leaves obliquely ovate elliptic or lanceolate.

LS, officinalis, Schott Meletem. i. 91; Gen. t. 81; P rodr. 395;
branches wrinkled when dry, leaves 5-10 by 23-6 in. ovate elliptic-ovate
* nearly orbienlar caudate-acuminate base rounded or slightly cordate,
Primary nerves distinct, petiole 3-6 in. broadly winged up to the knee,
Spathe 4-6 in, oblong subcylindrical beaked. Kunth Enum. iii. 63 ; Mig. FI.
M. Bat. i, 452; Engler Arac. 954. Pothos officinalis, Roch, Fl. Ind. i.
Bl; Wight Ic. t. 778; Wall. Cat. 4436. Calla ovata, Herb. Ham.

Tropica, HrwALAYA; from Sikkim eastwards, BENGAL, CHITTAGONG, BURMA,
and the ANDAMAN Isrps. .

Stem as thick as the little finger. Leaves dark green. Pedunele solitary,
terminal, much shorter than the petiole. Spathe about 4-6 in. long, green without,
Yellow Within, beak slender. Spadiz equalling the spathe, elongating in fruit,
steenish-yellow, Stigma elongate; fruiting hemispheric. Berries, few only
"pening, fleshy, Seed ovate-cordate.—Fruiting spadix sometimes a span long.

i S. pictus, Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bogor. (1844), 58; PI. Jav. Rar. 159;
uches angled and muriculate when dry, leaves 5-7 by 14-5 in. falcately
*vate-lanceolate to broadly ovate acute or acuminate, petiole 1- 1} in.
“lnged to the knee, spathe 1}-2} in. cymbiform beaked. Mig. Fl. Ind.
t. iti, 183; Schott Prodr. 393; Engler Arac. 952. S. pothoides, Schott
SCH (not of Mig.). S. argyrwa, Engler l.c. 255.
RAX; King’s Co .— DISTRIB. Java, Borneo.

Stem ft. as “Iie oe s goon qui or more, 4-6-angled when dry through
seiten of the tissues, and pale red-brown. Leaves thickly coriaceous, dull.
CH ? Nerves very close and slender, primary and secondary hardly distinet.
lea uncles equalling the petiole, very stout. Spathe white. Spadia green.—The

Ves of young plants are orbicular-cordate, green blotched with white.

*. S. Sco ly wrinkled when dry not
eh rtechinii, Hook. f.; branches deeply wri
a ticulate, leaves 3-6 by 14-24 Ei ovate orbicular or falcately lanceolate,
ée r acuminate, base rounded or subcordate, primary nerves very
Té, petiole 2-53 i inged, spathe 13-23 in. ovate
dcuminate, 91 in. broadly winged, sp 2
paix; Scortechini, alt. 3-4000 ft., King’s Collector; on Maxwell's Hill,

ane Scandent, as thick as a swan's quill or less, pale, wrinkled, other.

disti 1 ZE smooth, Leaves thickly coriaceous; nerves very many, primary har y

mup EI hable from the secondary ; petiole winged to the knee or $ way up. Pedunc
shorter than the petiole. Spathe yellowish on both surfaces. Spadie much

s about 4 in. diam. across the crown.

542 CLXVI. AROIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Scindapsus.

4. S. hederacea, Schott in Bonpland. v. (1857), 45; Prodr. oH.
branches terete smooth, leaves 5-8 by 1-25 in. faleately _lanceo ate
acuminate base acute, primary nerves indistinct, petiole 2-4 m. bës y
winged up to the knee, spathe 2-24 in. narrow long-beaked. Engler ni
253 ; Ic. ined. No. 13 (young plant). S. pothoides, Mig. Fl. Ind. Ba A
184 (not of Schott) Š. inquinatus, Schott in Mig. Ann. Mus. Lugd. bat.
283.

Perak; Scortechini, King’s Collector. Matacca; Griffith, Maingay.—DIsTBIB.
Java.
Stem climbing, 30-40 ft., as thick as a goose-quill or more. Leaves nib
thinly coriaceous ; petiole with pale sheaths, Peduncle 1-2 in., stout. A le
much narrower than in any of the previous species, terete, slightly curve e D
yellow. Fruiting spadie 3-4 in., white. Berries about } in. diam. acr
crown.—Leaves broadly ovate cordate in young plants.

5. S. perakensis, Hook. f.; branches stout terete smooth, rick
8-12 by 2-3 in. oblong-lanceolate or falcately lanceolate acuminate tiol
coriaceous, base acute or rounded, primary nerves distinct beneat ` P adi
4-7 in. broadly winged up to the knee, peduncle 3-6 in. very stout, SP
(after flowering) 3-5 in. cylindric or subclavate.

PERAK ; Scortechini, King’s Collector. : ;

Stem 30-40 ft., 2-3 in. diam. (King’s Coll.), pale when dry. Leaves corine jes
costa rather slender; primary and secondary nerves undistinguishable above, "Vin.
trabeculate ; petiole sometimes 1 in. across the opened sheath. Doe } diam.
Spathe not seen. Fruiting spadie nearly 14 in. diam.; carpels slatey biue,
across the crown. Seeds lenticular, à in. diam., black.

** Leaves broadly or narrowly oblong, rarely ovate or sublanceolate.

. . i. 4;
6. S. crassipes ? Engler in Bot. Jahrb. i. 182 ; in Beccari More 2-10
Ic. ined. No. 1; branches as thick as the thumb terete smooth, eta ve
by 2-3 in. oblong acute base rounded densely coriaceons: P t el,
thick, primary nerves obscure, petiole 1-2 in. broadly thickly
peduncle very stout.

PERAK, Scortechini,—D1sTRIB. Borneo ? . :ni, jn which the

I haveseen only an imperfect specimen and drawing by Scortechin ortechini's
leaves are narrower and petiole shorter than in Engler's figure. ross th
drawing and specimen the stem is very stout; petiole 1 in. acres: ; in. di
coriaceous wings; peduncle 2 in.; young fruit 6 in. by 1 diam. Berries 4
across the crown.

. i. 277;

7. S. Beccarii? Engler Bot. Jahrb. i. 182 ; in Beccari Male ami-

branches very stout, leaves 12-18 by 4-5} in. oblong or linear? a ori mary

nate-coriaceous, base acute, petiole 6-12 in. winged to the - athe 3-34
nerves distinct beneath, peduncle included in the leaf sheath, 8P

in. oblong terete acute.

PENANG and PERAK, Scortechint, King’s Collector. —DISTRIB. Sumatra. A knee,

Differs from Engler’s figures of S. Beccarii, in the petiole sheathing, om its apet-
and in the spathe emerging from the middle of the leaf sheath, and not . leaves k
King’s Collector describes the stem as 15-20 ft. and 14-2 in. 3 iam. | very narrow
glossy green ; spathe waxy white; spadix cream-colrd. The ovaries are
und laterally compressed, not A. in. across the crown. Nn

b

8. S. cuscuaria, Presl. Epimel. 242? stemless, leaves 12 sd olose

in. caudate-acuminate, base acute or rounded, nerves very many :

Scindapsus] CLXVI. AROIDE®. (J. D. Hooker.) 543

uniform anastomosing, petiole as long as the blade or longer stout winged
to the knee, peduncle very stout, spathe 3 in. cymbiform acuminate, spadix

ut. S. marantæfolius, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. ii. 187. Cuscuaria maranti-
folia, Schott Gen. t. 80; Prodr. 398; Engler Arae. 251. C. spuria, Schott
m Bonpland. ix. (1861), 367. Aglaonema? cuscuaria, Mig. Le 217.
C Ranphii, Schott in Mig. Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bot. i. 130.

NICOBAR Isrps.; (Jelink. in Herb. Calcutt.)—DistR1B. Malay Islds. .

Rootstock very stout. Leaves coriaceous, costa stout, base unequal-sided.—
The my specimen is an imperfect one, but agrees so far with the Javan plant. I
have taken the synonymy from Engler.

25. RHAPHIDOPHORA, Schott.

Habit and characters of Anadendrum, but spadix sessile, perianth 0,
ovales man parietal; the many-seeded berries confluent and their tissue
loaded with intercellular needles; seed albuminous, embryo axile.—

Pécies about 30, tropical Asiatic, Australian and Polynesian.
I greatly doubt the value of characters taken from the stigmas of dried
Specimens of this genus, Scindapsus and Epipremnum, whether raised or sessile in
e crown of the ovary, and whether orbicular or oblong, or linear ; they appear to
QUE in form with age, and certainly do so in drying. The nerves of the leaves
"hich afford characters in the dried state are often invisible in the fresh.

* Leaves entire and imperforate (see also R. pertusa).

daga not more than half the length of the blade (a rather variable
Se e crassifolia, Hook. f.; leaves 6-7 by 11-2 in. subfalcately lanceo-
acuminate thickly coriaceous base narrowed acute or rounded, nerves
rry cure, petiole 13-23 in. slender channelled up to the blade, peduncle
eege Spathe 3 in. cylindric apiculate, stigma raised.
RAK, King’s Collec or.

Stem 20-30 ft, as thick as a goose-quill or thicker. Leaves very dark grey and
d when dried, with recurved margins ; costa rather slender, nerves sunk in the
ton 2 Most obscure above and there marked only by superficial wrinkles, absolutely
to] neath under the smooth epidermis. Spathe thickly coriaceous, cream.
resem] varies A in. diam., with raised pulvinate central stigmas,—( osely
textu s R. angustifolia, Schott, in form of foliage, but quite distinct in the

ad nervation of the leaves and in the large spathes. In the Calcutta
N ton of drawings is that of a plant named Pothos ventricosa, Wall. mss. from
^^ Bengal, Which resembles this ; the spathe is represented as purple.

E Main ; 2-23 in. oblong-lanceolate

Ve gayi, Hook. f.; leaves 6-8 by 2-23 in. oblong
So shining above, base CN nerves uniform and raised on the upper

v

^ isti h erecto-patent, petiole
th Primary very slender but distinct beneath er
pe Pathe sessile ZA in. cylindric beaked, stigma cireular depressed on
A ace of the (dry) ovary.
LACCA, on trees M 2
Tent} Ne spe cimens are "imperfect, the leaves being detached from a portion of appa-
Yellow p, rtuous branch as thick as the little finger. Leaves coriaceous, drying
W own, costa rather slender, the apparent difference between the nervation of
the igo aes is great, the nerves in the upper being raised through the shrinking o
» Whilst beneath the erecto-patent primaries are capillary, the secondaries

544 CLXVI. AROIDEH. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Rhaphidop

very obscure. Spathe remarkably thick-walled (at least } in. thick). Ovaries
narrow, +; in. across the crown.

3. R. Wrayi, Hook. f.; leaves 7-12 by 14-2 in. narrowly lanceolate
caudate-acuminate submembranous, base narrowed acute Or ponn ,
nerves capillary on both surfaces, petiole 2-3 in. slender channelle x
to the blade, spathe 14-2} in. peduncled cylindric or ovoid beaked spadix
as long as the spathe, stigma raised pulvinate.

PERAK; Wray (with No. 662), Scortechint, King's Collector. . .

Stem 30—40 ft., woody, as thick as a goose-quill or less, internodes 3-1 in., heri
face striate. Leaves drying greenish-brown and quite opaque; nerves erecto pe nh
35-3 in. apart with anastomosing nervules; petiole slender, stiff. Peduncle nmn .
Spathe terete, walls very thick, green, cream-colrd. within. Fruiting spadia oblong,
21 in. long by lin, diam. Stamens 2. Berries } in. across the crown.

4. R. Lobbii, Schott in Bonpland. v. (1857), 45; Prodr. 379; m
3-8 by 14-3 in. ovate oblong linear-oblong or lanceolate acuminate or o i
date thinly coriaceous, base acute or rounded, primary nerves distan, a
usually well marked beneath all spreading and arched, petiole Wi `
channelled up to the knee or limb, spathe small (1-11) peduncled oblong
beaked, stigma raised. Engler Arac. 241.

PERAK ; Scortechini, King’s Collector. Matacoa; Griffith, Maingay. Smaa
PORE ; Lobb.— DISTRIB. Borneo, Java. eenish

Stem 20-30 ft. much branched, as thick as a goose-quill or less. Leaves T rt ar-
brown and opaque when dry; 8-10 primary nerves very indistinct above, un Ah
face very smooth. Peduncle lin. Spathe turgid. Spadiz oblong. Ovaries 3s Is
diam. across the crown.— Stamens 6-8 and ovary 2-3-celled. Maingay, mss.

5. R. minor, Hook. f.; leaves 3-5 by 14-14 im. elliptic-lancedlaté
acute or acuminate base acute or cuneate, primary nerves many Med up
erecto-patent raised on both surfaces, petiole 1-2 in. broadly channe"e*
to the blade, spathe peduncled 2-3 in. beak long slender, stigma T%
pulvinate.

PERAK ; Scortechini. MALACCA ; Griffith (Kew Distrib. 5988), lemer DE

Branches as thick as a goose-quill or less, soft, striate, and foliage pale ye ching.
brown, not shining when dry. Leaves thinly coriaceous; nerves slightly a ma
Peduncle 1-1} in., yellowish. Spathe coriaceous, apparently red, beak en E n
very slender point. Spadiz cylindric. Ovaries Je in. diam. across the
Berries } in. diam.

6. R. Schottii, Hook. f.; leaves 8-14 by 2-41 in. falcately lanceolate
or oblong-lanceolate or oblanceolate caudate-acuminate coriaceous, th
acute, nerves very many and slender uniform erecto-patent raised on
surfaces, petiole 1}-3 in. stout channelled to the middle o igma
spathe 3 in. ovoid acuminate, spadix peduncled very stout, 57) 45.
raised pulvinate. R. Peepla (in part), Schott in Bonpland. v. Gecke
Engler Arac, 242.

Assam ; Masters. KRAsIA Hits; alt. 0-4000 ft., J. D. H. d T. T. he young

Stem as thick as the little finger, smooth, terete, purple except the Votes
branches. Leaves thinly coriaceous, in young plants distichous 3-4 in. ova te Sadish,
base very oblique. Peduncle 1—4 in. Spathe yellow inside and out. Spadie in diam-
when advancing to fruit 3 in.by lin, diam. Ovaries transversely elongate, Véi ona
—In the dried spadix (Assam) advancing to fruit, the pulvinate stigmas are P" gue
very short conical style; but in my drawing of the ovary, made in the Khasia
it is a depressed areole in the centre of the flat crown of the ovary. The p°

Rhaphidophora.] CLXVI. AROIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 545

vary greatly in length.—Near R. Peepla, but a very much stouter plant, with larger,
onger and narrower leaves.

7. R. Scortechinii, Hook. f.; leaves 10-12 by 3-4in. ovate-lanceolate
Unequal-sided caudate-acuminate base cuneate submembranous, primary
nerves 14-20 pairs strongly raised on both surfaces spreading and arched,
Kids 4-6 in. broadly channelled up to the limb, peduncle 3-4 in., spadix

Y $ in., stigma elliptic sessile.

PERAK ; Scortechini.

Stem creeping or stones, nearly as thick as the little finger. Leaves sub.
coriaceous, yellow undulate and opaque when dry.—The above is chiefly from
Seortechini's drawing and notes attached to his specimens. The nerves of the leaves
are at least 14-20 pairs, united by oblique nervules. Scortechini describes the seeds
"Singel, the lateral wings oblique, but he does not figure them so.

tt Petiole more than half the length of the leaf-blade.

8. R. lancifolia, Schott in Bonpland. (1857), 45 ; Prodr. 380; leaves
8-10 by 14-3 in. faleately-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate acuminate or cau-
ite membranous, base acute or rounded unequal-sided, nerves very many
raised on both surfaces erecto-patent, petiole 4-7 in. channelled to the-knee,
spathe peduncled 3-4 in. ovate-oblong long beaked, stigmas raised pulvi-
me Engler Arac. 941; Masters in Gard. Chron. (1874), ii. 611; fig.

The Knasra HILLS and MUNNIPORE ; alt. 3-6000 ft., Grigith, Watt, &c. —
ei tem scandent, rooting, as thick as a goose or swan’s quill. Leaves thinly
mats adult greenish-brown when dry, not shining above; nerves with
je omosing nervules ` petiole slender. Peduncle 1-4 in. Spathe thickly coriaceous,
* or darker red within. Spadiz 14-2in. (fruiting 3—4 in.) ; ovaries $ in. diam.—
éi érecto-patent primary nerves described by Schott are with difficulty distin-
guished from the secondary, and in very few leaves only.

b t R. Peepla, Schott in Bonpland. v. (1857), 45 (partly); leaves 5-8
Ki ZA in. very unequal-sided obliquely ovate cuspidately acuminate
Greg base rounded or cuneate, nerves very many uniform raised on
8 surfaces, petiole 4-8 in. channelled up to the limb, peduncle 3-5 in. long,
mathe 2h in. lanceolate narrowed into a straight beak, stigmas raised. R.
P phyllum, Schott Z. e. ; Prodr. 242; Engler Arac. 242. Scindapsus
vin Schott Melet. i. 21; Kunth Enum. iii. 62. Pothos Peepla, Roxb.
Schr m. 454; Wight Ic. t. 780 (not of Wallich). Monstera Peepla,
ft (ee Linnza), vi. (1831), Litterat. Ber. 59.

T HIMALAYA and the Krasra HILLS, alt. 4-6000 ft. ; Roxburgh, Grifith

Yellow. Ovaries creamy in. diam,; stigma pulvinate on a very short
Ki style.—Roxburgh’s figure Š presents a spathe 5 in. long and the leaves as

ied an. Pairs of primary arching nerves, which are not distinguishable in the
Pertus "Dep, I have seen no Ceylon specimens, for Thwaites’ R. Peepla is R.

ix 4 in. broadly or
l * 8racilipes, Hook. f.; leaves 6-8 by 2 4 10. y
m oblong-ovate dere cuspidately acuminate submem-
beneath Opaque, base rounded or cuneute, primary nerves 14-16 pairs raised
You, y dely spreading and arching, petiole 5-10 in. very slender,

Nn

546 CLXVI. AROIDEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Rhaphidophora.

grooved channelled up to the: limb, spathe 3-4 in. cylindric long-beaked,
stigmas raised pulvinate.

Perak; Larut, Scortechini, King’s Collector. a

(Stem 20-40 ft. by 1-14 in. diam., branches j in. diam., King's Collector
Leaves pale greenish or yellowish-brown and undulate when dry; petiole ie
Peduncle 1-21 in. Spathe yellow, cream-colrd., or tinged with pink within. spo e
shorter than the spathe. Ovaries Ae in. diam. ; stigmas orbicular,—In form the leav
closely resemble R. Peepla, but their texture and nervature are very different.

1l. R. Kunstleri, Hook. f.; leaves 10-16 by 21-5 in. oblong or
oblong-lanceolate acuminate rather membranous, base acute or eun
primary nerves many spreading and arched prominent beneath, pe drie
10-15 in. grooved channelled up to the blade, spathe 6-8 in. cylindn
with a long stout beak, stigmas raised.

PERAK, at LARUT, Kunstler (King’s Collector). . igidly

(Stem 40-60 ft., 34 in. diam. Kunstler), branches 5} in. diam. Leaves eit
undulate, opaque and dirty-brown when dry, sometimes very unequal-sided $ ei
base, deep green when fresh, crowded at the tips of the branches; nervules o Wi
petiole slender, pale. Peduncle 1-3 in., very stout. Spathe white, thick Keng
Ovaries e in. diam., stigma minute.—The spathe is one of the longest in the ge

12. R. Hookeri, Schot? in Bonpland. (1857), 45; leaves 7-24 dá
23-12 in. membranous oblong cuspidately caudate-acuminate, base uneq ing
sided cuneate rounded or cordate, primary nerves very many pm jn.
and arched, petiole 3-12 in. channelled up to the knee, spathe 27- ulvi-
ovoid-oblong turgid, beak long slender, stigmas very broad orbicular p
nate. Pothos Peepla, Wall. Cat. 4444 (in part). ET

Sixxim HIMALAYA, alt. 1-4000 ft., J. D. H. UPPER ASSAM, Grifith. SIE

- 6000 ft.
wee Hirrs, alt. 2-3000 ft., Wallich, &c. MUNNIPORE, alt. ,
att,

A lofty climber; stem as thick as the thumb. Leaves the largest of the ot
leaved species, very thin in texture, dark green, drying a dull grey "brem. ellow
rather shining surface. Petiole pale, not deeply channelled. Spathe b / ort,
within and along the outer margins, walls very thick, base rounded. Spaa?
stout. Ovaries } in. diam. ; stigmas remarkably large for the genus.

** Leaves perforated, pinnatifid, or pinnatisect.

13. R. Beccarii, Engler Bot. Jahrb. i. 181 ; in Beccari Males.
t. 19, t. 6-9; leaves narrowed from the middle to an acute base èn e
pinnatifid with faleate caudate-acuminate 1-many-nerved obe P in.
6-10 in. of young leaves broadly winged, peduncle 4-8 1n. spat " mnum
cylindric acuminate, stigmas orbicular or oblong raised. HE
Beccarii, Engler in Bull. Soc. Tose. Ort. 1879, 269.— Wall. Cat. 4438 2.

PERAK, Scortechini, King's Collector.—D1stTR1B. Siam, Borneo. ooting (OF

Rootstock short, tufted, as thick as the little finger, creeping and i beneath;
15-20 ft., King’s Collector), Leaves 10-15 by 4-8 in., unequal-sided, BE ^, doll
lobes very variable in breadth; petiole channelled up to the limb. small and
cream-coloured.—The stigmas in a drawing by Scortechini are sessile, Weer an
oblong, but in his and other dried specimens they are large oblong or oF
often cupped. Engler figures them as oblong raised and cupped.

. Jeaves

14. R. pertusa, Schott in Bonpland. v. (1857) 45; P rodr. D jfid
8-18 in. long and 6-10 in. broad, young small ovate entire, old p
to below the middle or perforate, base truncate or subcordate,

i 271,
tire oF
tiole

Rhaphidophora.] CLXVI AROIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 547

broad faleate acuminate, primary nerves 5-8 pairs, spathe 5-7 in. ovate-
oblong beaked. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. ii. 185; Engler Arac. 244. Scindap-
sus pertusus, Schott. Melet. i.21; Kunth Enum. iii. 62. $. Peepla, Thw.
Enum. 336. Pothos pertusas, Rowb. Fl. Ind. i. 434, Wight Ic. t. 781. P.
oficinalis, Wall. Cat. 4486 G.—Rheede Hort. Mal. xii. t. 20, 21.

The Decoan PENINSULA; Coromandel, Malabar, and southward to CEYLON.—
Disrerg. Malay Islands,

Atall climber. Leaves usually with oblong holes on one side; petiole about as
long as the blade, deeply channelled, young winged, wings not auricled at the top.

Ke shortly peduncled. Spathe yellow. Ovuries 4-angled ; stigma sessile,
viDate,

I5. R. glauca, Schott in Bonpland. v. (1857) 45; Prodr. 382; leaves

6-10 m. long and broad glaucous beneath pinnatisect, segments falcate

near or broader caudate-acuminate 2-7-nerved, petiole as long as the

e slender channelled up to the blade, spathe 4-6 in. oblong or lanceo-

te cuspidate, Engler Arac. 245; Ic. ined. 101. Scindapsus glaucus,

Schott Melet. i. 121; Kunth Enum. ii. 61. Monstera glauca, C. Koch ex
Schott. Pothos glaucus, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 45, t. 156; Cat. 4440.

Tropica and SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA; from Nepal, Wallich, eastwards to
the Kasra, Naca, and MuxNIPORE HILLs, ascending to 7000 ft.

m as thick as the thumb, climbing lofty trees. Leares of a fine glaucous blue
9 eath ; young elliptic-ovate; segments 2-4 pairs, narrowed towards the base,
lopsherved ; petiole 6-10 in. JPeduncle 3-7 in. Spathe very variable in size,
eet than the spadix, yellow on both surfaces. Spadiv pale yellow. Stigma
" eh ovary a longitudinal slit, of the dried pulvinate and raised, m
Chore’ kħasiana; leaves 12-14 in., segments 3-7, 7-9 in. long.—Khasia Hills at
t ted Pomrang, J.D. H. & T. T.—Heferred by Schott to R. glauca, with which
egen in form of segments of leaf, and spathe and spadix, but the leaves are longer
"4 More numerous and longer segments.

1 E R. eximia, Schott in Bonpland. v. (1857) 45; Prodr. 387 ; leaves
"P. longer than broad oblong pinnatisect with 4-7 pairs of obliquely
neate acute l-costate and many-nerved segments, petiole very stout,
* a foot long oblong cuspidate, stigma raised on the conical top of

a "ary. R. grandis, Schott in Œstr. Bot. Zeit. 1858, 394; Prodr.

at, Sen HIMALAYA; Kumaon, alt. 4000 ft., Strachey d Winterbottom; Sikkim,
À loft ft., and Knasra His, alt. 0-4000 ft., Griffith, Zo debt green on both

Sirfaceg Y climber ; stem as thick as a child’s wrist. Teares righ green or both

side and ; eduncle 6-10 in., as thick as the thumb. Spathe ge-) ,

0. Spadiz shorter than the spathe, white.

I7. R. decursiv chott in Bonpland. v. (1857) 45; Prodr. 385;
leaves 1-3 ft. longer than bread oblong P'innatiscet base, broadly cordate,
liens 8-15 pairs falcately ensiform acuminate costate and with several
fom yes» petiole very ‘stout, spathe 5-7 in. subcylindrically cymbi-
dras 9, OW beaked, stigma raised on the conical top of the ovary. Engler
bie 6 (exel, many syns.); Bot. Mag. t. 7282. Scindapsus decursivus,
I eletem, 1.21; Kunth Enum. iti. 62; Wight Ic. t. 779; Miq. Fl.

at. iii. 186; Thw. Enum. 336 ; Bot. Mag. t. 7282. Monstera de-
Poth” Schott in Wien. Zeitschr. 1829 (Linnea (1831) Literat- Ber. 52).
rn decursiva, Roweb. Fl. Ind. i. 436; Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 83, exel.

in port t Plant). P. decurrens (error for decursivus), Wall. Cat. 4437 A,

nn 2

548 CLXVI. AROIDE®. (J.D. Hooker) [Rhaphidophora

Susan HIMALAYA, alt. 2-5000 ft., J.D.H. KHASIA HILLS, alt. 0—4000 ft. bath

A lofty climber, stem as thick as a child's wrist. Leaves bright green on o
surfaces, segments 6-18 by 1-2 in., tip sometimes almost truncate but we Eë
acuminate than in R. eximia; petiole 1-2 ft., as thick as the little finger. Pedun
3-6 in. Spathe bright yellow on both surfaces.

18. R. affinis, Schott in Bonpland. v. (1857) 45; Prodr. 385; niin
1-2 ft. longer than broad oblong base broadly cordate pinnatiser’,
pinnate, segments many pairs falcately ensiform acuminate narrow’ ion
the base 1-costate with very slender lateral nerves, spathe 5—6 in. oblong
cymbiform purple cuspidate, stigma raised on the conical top of the ovary.
Engler Arac. 247.

Kuasia Hirrs, alt. 83-5000 ft., Griffith (Kew Distrib. 5952), &c. far a6 y

Habit and characters of R. decursiva, and as robust, differing as far lender
specimens and drawing tell, in the beautiful violet-purple spathe, and very $
lateral nerves of the narrower unicostate leaflets.

19. R. Korthalsii, Schott in Mig. Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. Keel
leaves oblong 1-24 ft. by 6-15 in. pinnatisect longer than their | pres
segments many pairs linear falcate truncate acute 2—4-costate an ei,
nerved, spathes crowded 6-8 in., stigmas slightly raised. Engler

, Finn! d
PrNAxG, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1556). PERAK, Scortechini, King $ quem

—DisTRIB. Java. D the upper-
Stem 80—40 ft., 2-3 in. diam., branching above, densely crinite below base not

most leaves and inflorescences. Leaves dark green; segments 3-8 in» Peduncles

contracted ; petiole as thick as the little finger, sheathed up to the knee.

3-8 in., very stout. Spadie 6-7 in. cylindric. Ovaries very small.

20. R. tetrasperma, Hook. f.; leaves 5-7 in. long and broad Lares
ovate or orbicular cordate sparingly pinnatifid lobes cuspidate or a nbi orm
petiole rather shorter than the blade, spathe 11-2 in. turgidly CY
acute, placentas each 2-ovuled.

Perak, Scortechini. ich are 3-

Stem 1-3 in. diam., flexuous, terete, rooting at the nodes, whic a bes pe
apart. Leaves often very unequal-sided ; lobes 1-2, broad, acute, eege 'Spadiz
channelled up to the knee. Peduncle 1-2 in., very stout. Spathe Wi ll of i
subclavate. Stigma a raised furrow on the top of the ovary. Berries , k d
cellular needles.—Scortechini figures and describes the ovary as 2-ce les 0
erect ovule in each cell; but Mr. Brown and I find 1 cell and 2 ov"
placenta.

20. EPIPREMNUM, Scholl.

Characters of Rhaphidophora, but the ovules are 1-3 anat
nearly basal placenta, and the berries are not confluent.— Spec
Malayan and Polynesian.

opous one
es about '

This genus had better be merged in RAaphidophora.

l. E. giganteum, Schott in Bonpland. v. (1857) 45; P and close
leaves entire oblong obtuse base cordate, nerves very many Engler
horizontal, spathe 6-10 in. subsessile fusiform falcate w K y th Enum
Arac. 249. Scindapsus giganteus, Schott Meletem. i. 21; ës ;

ii. 63. Monstera gigantea, Schott im Wien. Zeitsch. (1829), e
1831, Litter. Ber. 53. Pothos giganteus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 434.

PENANG, Rozburgh. PERAK, Scortechini, King's Collector.

rodr. 98;

Log,

Epiprennum.] CLXVI AROIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 549

, A lofty climber, over 100 ft.; stem 2-8 in. diam, Leaves 12-24 by 6-12 in.,
bright green (drying yellow-brown) very coriaceous, shining above; costa very
stout, nerves trabeculate by the rectangular nervules; petiole as long as the blade,
winged throughout its length. Peduncle solitary. Spathe ending in a curved beak.
padis as long as the spathe. Stigmas ona style that rises from the hollow crown
« the ovary.—Roxburgh describes the spathe as dirty dull purple, but it is dull
green in his drawing. King's Collector says of the Perak spathe, green outside and
Yellow within, its walls are about 2.in. thick.—4A closely allied flowerless plant in
Herb. Wallich (No. 4442, from Singapore), has leaves 18 in. long by 5} broad.

. à. E. mirabile, Schott Gen. Aroid. t. 79; Prodr. 338; leaves entire
Pinnatifid or pinnatisect, base cordate, segments ensiform falcate truncate
"ite or acuminate 1-3-costate base rounded or broadly cordate, spathe
i in. cymbiform. Engler Arac. 249; N. E. Br. in Gard. Chron. 1882, i.
180, and Journ. Bot. (1882) 339. Rhaphidophora caudata, Schott in Bon-
“and. v. (1857) 45. R. Wallichii, Schott Prodr. 383; Engler l. c. 245. R.
Punata and invatifida, Schott in Bonpland. Le: Prodr. 384. R. lacera,
Hassk, Cat. Hort. Bogor. 58; Pl. Jav. Rar. 155. R. Cunninghamii, Schott
in Bonpland. ix. (1861) 367. Scindapsus caudatus, pinnatifidus and
Pitnatus, Schott Meletem. i. 21; Kunth Enum. ii. 62-63. S. caudatus,

ML. l c. 248, Pothos caudatus, Roxb. FI. Ind. i. 436; Wall. Pl. As.
i gj oe 192. P. decursivus, Wall. in As. Res. ii. 83, t. 192 ; Pl. As. Rar.
ha (the Attran plant only). P. pinnatifidus, Roxb, Fl. Ind. i. 497. P.
currens (error for decursivus), Wall Cat. 4437 A (in part), B.—Monstera
punatifida, Schott in Wien. Zeitschr. 1820; in Linnea, vi. Litter. Ber.

Rumph. Herb. Amb. v. 489, t. 183, f. 2.

a RTABAN and TENASSERIM, Wallich, Falconer. PENANG, Roxburgh.—DIis-
ti paya, Australia, Polynesia. . eth
fibrous ty climber; stem stout, 1 in. diam., clothed above with a network of the
fenes * remains of the stipular sheaths. Leaves 12-20 by 7-12 in., always with small
diti ations or perforations along the region of the midrib, by which it may be
8- 5 Fulshed from all allied plants; lobes 4-10 pairs, terminal trapezoid ; petiole
Sessi] m., knee 1-14 in. Spathe 4-4} in., green without, yellowish within. Spadiz

e $ in. thick, obtuse, green. Ovaries l-celled, placentas stretching half-way
man the cell ; stigma linear ; ovules 1-3 at the base of the placentas.—Schott figures
ing 7 arrested ovules which I do not find. Roxburgh says of the Penang plant grow-
äga the Bot. Garden, that the extreme leafless shoots are long and pendulous,
identigs. thus from all other species of Pothos known to him. ‘This species (if the

Cations are correct with the Pacific plant) is the Tonga drug, much lauded in
Sinon rheumatism. Iam indebted to Mr. Brown for unravelling the intricate
Ymy of E, mirabile and Rhaphidophora decursiva.

3. E. h ate

*Aumile, Hook f.; dwarf, leaves entire ovate-cordate acuminate,

dent Spreading and c spathe 1-1} in. cymbiform beaked. Ana-

181, 7 ^umile, Schott in Miq. Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. i. 127; Engler Arac.
; Ic. ined, No. 159.

Bopen TÉI Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1560.) PERAK, Curtis, Scortechini.—DISTRIB.

Rootstock as thi . . Aën 2). Leaves 4-7 b

i ck nger, creeping (climbing?). Leave y
mds coriaceous, acuminate, ae ioe arrow Wee: at the base ; nerves many,
ing, pe} arched, and branching with the secondary; petiole 6-12 in., not sheath-
Ovary b uncle solitary, 1}-2 in. Spathe erect. Spadix shorter. Stamens 4.
the cell Pyramidal, truncate, l-celled; placenta parietal, stretching nearly neross
Spheric ` with one erect anatropous ovule on each side of its base; stigmas hemi-
ae, q} -€ OVary is certainly 1-celled according to both Mr. Brown's an my own

d either e 9vules are detected with great difficulty. The habit is very unlike tha

` J!ganteum or mirabile.

550 CLXVI. AROIDEEX. (J. D. Hooker.)

27. LASIA, Lour.

A stout spinous marsh plant; rhizome branched and petiole peduncle
and leaf nerves beneath all prickly. Leaves long-petioled, rii gs so
or pedately pinnatifid. Spathe very long, narrow, fleshy, twisted, bas

convolute, deciduous. Spadiæ short, cylindric, dense-fld., flowering down-.

wards. Sepals 4-6, obovate, tips truncate incurved. Stamens 4-6, d
ments short, flat ; anther-lobes parallel, slits extrorse. Ovary ovoid, Le ol
l-ovuled; style stoat; stigma depressed; ovule pendulous from tk : ito
the cell, anatropous or semi-anatropous. Berries obpyramidal, 6-side 4 : p
warted or muricate. Seed compressed, rugose, exalbuminous; embry
macropodal.

L. heterophylla, Schott Melet. 21; Kunth Enum. iii. 67 Mm,
Ind. Bat.iii.176. L. Zollingeri, Jenkinsii, and Hermanni, Scholl y "i
pland. v. (1857) 195. L. desciscens, Schott in Ann. Mus. Lugd. de

Thw. Enum. 336 ; Engl. Monog. Arac. 273. Pothos Lasia, Roxb. ch P
438; Wall. Cat. 4447. P. heterophylla, Beet, l.c. 437; Wight m "e
P. spinosa, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 4447. Dracontium spinosum, 40%.

6

. ards to
From tropical Ster Hrwarava, Assam, BENGAL, and Burma, southw

SINGAPORE and Ceyr1oN.—DisTB1B. Malay Islds., China. hastate or
Rootstock 1 in. diam. Leaves 6-18 in. long, rigidly coriaceous, young d deeply

sagittate with broad or narrow basal lobes, older often broader than long, Phenthing

pinnatifid, base cordate, lobes 1-costate acuminate; petiole terete, 2-4 dech 8-14 in.

towards the base. Peduncle about as long as the petiole, slender. Spat fruiting

claret-colrd., opening at the base only. Spadix about 1 in., claret-colr’.

4-5 in. and 1 in. diam.

28. PODOLASIA, AN E. Br.

re
Habit and characters of Lasia, and like it prickly, but the, leave lly
always entire, the spathe short, open to the base, the ovule 1$ Jobose,
attached towards the base of the ovarian cells, and the berries are 8
quite smooth, and entirely exserted beyond the sepals.

P. stipitata, N. E. Br. in Gard. Chron. 1882, ii. 70.

PERAK, Scortechini, King’s Collector.— DisTRrB. Borneo. | es 8-14 in.

Rootstock as thick as the little finger or thicker, creeping. Le tion of the
broad or narrow, hastate or sagittate, 6-12 in. broad across the inser C
petiole ; basal lobes parallel divaricating or horizontal, j-4 in. broad, a
minate; petiole as long as the blade or shorter, slender. Peduncle shor adiz about
petiole, very slender. Spathe 3-5 in., narrowly cymbiform, deep red. P he spadix,

3 as long as the spathe, red ; stipes ł—-} in. Berries j in. diam., few on t
red.

20. CYRTOSPERMA, Grif.

ded,

Perennial warted or prickly herbs. Leaves hastate. Sp athe qonse

straight or twisted, base convolute or not, persistent. Spadi ET" digmens

fid., flowering downwards. Sepals 4-8, truncate, tip incurve™ opary 1-

4-8, filaments short, flat; anthers ovate-oblong, slits extrorse ous, pe^

celled; stigma sessile, pulvinate; ovules 1 or more, semi-anatro d crowded
dulous by long funicles from near the middle of the cell. Ber"

Cyrtosperma.] CLXVI. AROIDEZ, (J. D. Hooker.) 551

obovoidly globose, smooth, 1-7-seeded, scarcely longer than the accrescent
sepals, Seeds compressed, crested; albumen scanty; embryo hooked.—
Species about 10, tropical.

c. lasioides, Griff. Itin. Notes iii. 149; Notul. iii. 150; Te. Pl. Asiat.

<99; leaves sagittate, lobes caudate-acuminate, petiole and peduncle
prickly, flowers 6-merous, ovules 2. Schott Gen.t. 84; Prodr. 403; Engler
Ze 270 ; Ie. Ined. No. 89.—Wall. Cat. 4447.

P ERAK ; in marshes, Scortechini, King’s Collector. MALACCA, Griffith. SINGA-
PORE, Gaudichaud, &c.—DrsrRIB. Borneo.
Rootstock stout. Leaves like those of Lasia, 25-3 ft., basal lobes as long as the
^ n, Costa and nerves prickly beneath; petiole 2-8 ft., sometimes as thick as
, middle finger. Pedunele shorter than the petiole. Spathe 1-5 in., lengthening
to8 in fruit, Open to the base, flat, ovate or lanceolate, caudate-acuminate, many-
nerved, white or yellow within, reddish-brown without striped with. green. Spadix
ES Stipes stout, dorsally adnate to the spathe. Fruiting spadix 4-6 by lin.
lam, Berries closely packed.—Young plants are smaller in foliage and spathe.

30. ANAPHYLLUM, Schott.

4A tall herb, with creeping rootstock. . Leaves broad, membranous,
Pinnate or pedatipartite. Spathe large, broadlylanceolate, caudate, twisted,
qe wbranous, deciduous, base very shortly convolute. Spadix short, cylin-
we stipitate, flowering downwards, base adnate to the spathe. Sepals 4,
el obovate, truncate, incurved. Stamens 4, filaments flat; anther-
el Saccate, pores terminal. Ovary ovoid or oblong, 1-celled, l-ovuled ;
vor. Sessile, disciform ; ovule semianatropous, parietal. Berries obo-

-» Wightii, Schott Gen. Aroid. t. 83; Prodr. 404; Engler Arac. 275.
all. Cat, 8968,
TRavaNoonn ; Courtallam, Wight
ns 1-2 ft. long or more ; leaflets 2-6 pairs, sessile or petiolulate, 8-18 by
sim le? acuminate, ].costate, base cuneate rounded or acuminate, terminal lobe
Spatie &. divided ; petiole 3-4 ft., quite smooth. Peduncle longer than the leaf.
6-12 by 2-4 in. Spadiz 1 in.

31. POTHOS, Linn.

dubing branched shrubs, branches rooting. Leaves distichous. Pe-
oa terminal or axillary or from lateral shoots. Spathe small, reflexed,
ing form, or elongate, persistent. Spadix sessile or stipitate, flower-
Stamos ards, stipes often decurved or flexuous. Sepals 6, tips incurved.

ei » filaments flat; anther-cells ellipsoid, slits extrorse. Ovary
po ed ; stigma small; ovules 1 in the inner angle of each cell, anatro-

Specing "cries l-3-seeded. Seeds exalbuminous; embryo macropodal.—
P about 20, tropical Asiatic, Australia and Pacific, with one
Sascar,
` Leaves with a broad flat truncate petiole, and short entire sheath.
long. in the Indian species) very short, globose oblong or pyriform, stipes

ut P. Deng, Linn. Sp. Pl. 968; leaves 2-4 in. oe or lan ceo-
spa Ar peduncles. in., bracts very small, spathe cymbiform cuspidate,
Padix globose Ke? or shortly oblong. Bot. Reg. t. 133; Hook. Ic. Pl. t.

552 CLXVL AROIDEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Pothos.

. JT : b. Fl. Ind.
175; Schott Melelem. i. 21; Aroid.i. 22, t. 33; Prodr. 563; Roxb. k
ii. A. Kunth Enum. iii. 65; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 229; Dalz, 4 m
Bomb, Fl. 257 ; Wall. Cat. 4435 ; excl. D, E, F; Engler Arac. yer Ka
B). P. exiguiflorus and cognatus, Schott ll. cc. 21, 22, t. 41, "Bonpland.
062. P. fallax, Schott Prodr. 560. P. decipiens, Schott in d det
(1859), 165; Prodr. 562. P. Roxburghii, De Vriese in Plant. Jungh. 1. 162.
—Rheede Hort. Mal. vii. t. 40.

nd
Throughout India, on walls and tree trunks, from BENGAL eastward to ae an d
southward to SINGAPORE ; and from the Concan to CEYLON, and the
NicoBAR Isups.—Distris. Malay Islds., China. . . ves
Stem as thick as the little finger, much branched ; internodes E ir ed ;
very variable, 3-2 in. broad, acute apiculate or acuminate; base cunea Zeie the
petiole 1-3 by 4-2 in., base 3-amplexicaul. Peduncles equalling wi n. Bam.,
bracts, which are 3-3 in. long. Spathe 3-4 in. green. Spa ud oP. cognatus,
yellow, about as long as its stipes. Berries 4-3 in. long, o pe th ere are not à
distinguished by the short peduncle is not even a constant variety, an
few other Schottian species, that must go under P. scandens.

: ters

2. P. Vriesianus, Schott Aroid. 22, t.36; Prodr. $65; M large

of P. scandens, but bracts much larger, 1 in. long and broad Chott Aroid.
erect inclined or deflexed. Engler Arac. 80. P. Roxburghn,

. Cat.
l.c. t. 87 (not of de Vriese). Engler l.c. 81. P. scandens, Wall
4435 ?

` , SILHET,
SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 1-4000 ft., J. D. H. BHOTAN, Griffith ;
Wallich. ae he foliage,
Almost exactly intermediate between P. scandens, of which it das Mr spadix.
&c., and P. Cathcartii; which has larger but quite similar spa

ehe? iffered from
De Vriese erred in supposing that Roxburgh's and Wight's plant differe
scandens.

-6 1n.
3. P. Cathearti, Schott Avoid. i.22, t 44, 45; Prodr. 565; leaves St"
ovate oblong or lanceolate acute or acuminate, peduncle very » suberect or
bracts large concave, spathe orbicular, spadix stoutly stipitate Don ‘Prodr.
decurved oblong or globose. Engler Arac. 85. P. scandens,
21; Wall. Cat. 4435, D, E, F

Troricar HIMALAYA, ascending to 4000 ft. from Kumaon, Strachey l
bottom to BHOTAN, AssaM, the KHasIA HILLS, MUNNIPORE and Bh thickly coria-
A very much larger plant than P. scandens, or Vriesianus, Wi early an in
ceous bracts, the inner sometimes in. long, a spathe sometimes n 4-4 in. long»
broad, and spadix 4-3 in. diam., on a stipes 4-2 in. long. JBerrws
obovoid or oblong, scarlet.

& Winter-

1 jp.
4 P. angustifolius, Presi, Epimel. 242; leaves be by dote.
linear apiculate, peduncle very short, bracts small, spar ` 1, t 31;
spadix suberect minute globose or ellipsoid. Schott Arow. t
Prodr. 559 ; Engler Arac. 81.
TENASSERIM, Helfer, &c. MEN iu.
Stem much branched ; branches short, as thick as a crow-quill ; internodes ri

) Spadis
Leaves 4-4 in. broad; nerves parallel ; petiole }-}in. Spathe § in. long. ^P
35-1 in. diam,

3-4 in
9. P. Hookeri, Schott Aroid. i. 23, t. 46; Prodr. 566 ; pes acute,
lanceolate acuminate, pednncle 14-23 in. decurved, bracts : Li, Pl.
spathe cymbiform acuminate, spadix oblong. P. scandens, Hoo‘.
176. P. scandens, var, Hookeri, Engler Arac. 84.

Pothos.) CLXVI. AROIDE®. (J. D. Hooker.) 553

CEYLON, Walker.

Stem and foliage as in the common state of P. scandens and Vriesianus.
Pedunele often longer than the petiole, Spathe j-3 in. Spadix }-} in., its stipes
about as long.

6. P. macrocephalus, Scort. mss.; leaves lanceolate apiculate,
Pide as long as the blade, peduncle 11-2 in. decurved, spathe ovate-
cordate or orbicular cuspidate, spadix globose or shortly pyriform.

PERAK, Scortechini, King’s Collector. .

Climbing 60-80 ft.; branches as thick as a crow-quill, internodes }-3 in.
Leaves 21-31 by i-$ in.; rather broader than the petiole. Peduncle rather stout ;
bracts very variable, sometimes few with the longest only 4 in., at others many, and
tin, long. Spathe 4-3 in. diam., white ; occasionally a second smaller superior spathe
‘curs. Spadix i in, diam., or less, yellow.—This differs from P. Junghuniamus
and macrophyllus, de Vriese (in Plant. Jungh. i. 103, 104) of Java and Sumatra
solely in the narrower leaves and great length of the petiole. I suspect that all

ere may prove forms of one.

8 B. Petiole (knee only) very short; sheath very long, split to the base.
adiz long, sessile or stipitate.

* Spadia cylindric, dense-fld. ; flowers not in clusters.

l P. Kin -4 in. obl blong-

. Sli, Hook. f.; stout, leaves 6-10 by 3-4 in. oblong or oblong

teolate candate acuminate base narrowed rounded, bracts 14-2 in.,

‘Pathe 4-6 in. ovate-lanceolate.

PERAK ; Scortechini, King’s Collector ; alt. 2-3000 ft.

fem 6-10 ft., asthick as a swan’s quill, branches 2-3 ft., pale. Leaves coria-

» often unequal-sided, shining on both surfaces; petiole $ in.; sheath 3-4 in.,

ns membranous, at length fibrous, tip 2-auricled. Spathe dark purple within,

poi pont. Spadix half as long. Ovary oblong; style very short, stigma

b tm. Barberianus, Schott Aroid. 24, t. 53; Prodr. 573; leaves 3-5
clan li in, oblong- or ovate-lanceolate acuminate base rounded, sheath
be mg. the branch, peduncles terminal and axillary, spathe linear-
Ceolate. Engler Arac. 90.
PERAK; on rocks, Scortechini, King’s Collector.—DisTRIB. Borneo. .
Stem slender, branches as thick as a erow-quill. Leaves thinly coriaceous, tip
nes caudate ; petiole 1 in., sheath 2-3 in., by i-i in. broad, biauricled.
"uncle deflexed, 1-14 in. "Spathe 3-1 in., acuminate. Spadiz as long, sessile.
mas pulvinate, sessile.

9. P Wallichii, H 1—4 in. oblong-lanceolate acumi-
ook. f.; leaves 33-4 in. oblong-lanc
an base cuneate or rounded sheath divergent from the branch, peduncles

axi] and : ` inat P. tenera

terminal, the linear-lanceolate acuminate. era,

We Cat. 4439, B. (not Wall. in "Roxb. Fl. Ind. Ed. Carey). P. gracilis,
tt Prodr. 572, Engler Arac. 91 (not of Roxb.)

PENANG P ,

d >» Porter, Curtis; PERAK, Scortechini. .

en DI Similar to p. Barborianus in foliage, but a more slender plant, with the

ry fer leaf-sheaths not } in, broad, the peduncle 14-3 in. long much more slender,

i Y Stipitate spadix, and a slender minute style with a very inconspicuous

of p. 7," Üarey's Edition of Roxburgh’s Flora Indica, Wallich proposed the name
n ener i i rden, .

fraci]i, by Ro for an Amboyna plant cultivated in the Calcut a

xburgh in mss.

554 CLXVI. AROIDEE, (J, D. Hooker.) [ Pothos.

10. P. lancifolius, Hook. f.; leaves 4-7 by 1-1} in. narrowly oblong:
lanceolate caudate-acuminate base cuneate sheath divergent from the
branch, peduncle terminal, bracts 0, spathe ovate-lanceolate acuminate.

PERAK ; Scortechint. . Lsap

A large climber, branches as thick as a crow-quill. Leaves thinly bmx tet
pale when dry, and undulate within the margin, tip slender ; nerves eroeto pe i
petiole 3-4 in., sheath slender, tip bifid. Peduncle 1-1} in., spreading or a.
Spathe 14 in., lurid purple, striate. Spadia 1-1} in., subsessile, cylindric, © te ,
lin. diam. Sepals and stamens 6 each ; filaments linear-oblong. Stigma minute.

** Spadiz slender ; flowers in small spirally disposed or whorled clusters.

1l. P. latifolius, Boob rt: leaves 5-7 by 21-4 in. oblong or obori
oblong acute or obtuse base rounded or cuneate, sheath divergent deg
branch, peduncle terminal, bracts 0, spathe linear from a roun e Ke
tip emarginate mucronate in the sinus much shorter than the stip
spadix.

PERAK ; Larut, alt. 2-3000 ft., King’s Collector. :

Stem climbing, 10-15 ft.; branches rather stout, internodes 1-14 sth Zi K
coriaceous, nerves nearly horizontal, slightly arching; petiole 4-3 in., sheat od, muero
Peduncle deflexed or sigmoid. Spathe 24 in., pale green, reflexed, 5-nerv loris or
i in. long. Spadix 3-5 in., yellow, flowers in approximate equidistant w
spirally disposed.

12. P. Maingayi, Hook. f.; leaves 4-5 by 1-1} in. narrowly LO e
lanceolate acuminate base cuneate or rounded, sheath divergent pian the
branch, peduncles terminal, spathe linear oblong? much shorter, kp
slender stipitate spadix, flowers very minute laxly distantly SR

Maracca, Maingay. (Kew Distrib. 1538, P. gracilis). . à

Branches as thick as a eecht. internodes 4-1 in. eaves coriaceous PTS
brown; nerves widely spreading, slightly arched; petiole $ in.; sheat ti in.
Peduncle 14-2 in., usually tortuous. Spathe imperfect. Spadew 3 in., stipes
Stamens very short.

late
13. P. Gurtisii, Hook. f.; leaves 5-7 by 14-2 in. oblong-lanw s om
or linear-oblong acuminate base cuneate or rounded, sheath divergent fro
the branch, peduncles terminal, spathe narrowly linear from gern Y
rounded base shorter than the slender stipitate spadix, flowers 10
spirals.

PERAK; Scortechini; King’s Collector. Presse: Curtis. ` cifically
Resembles P. Maingayi so closely that I hesitate to describe it as H wt
different, but the flowers are more than twice as large as in that plant, an h longer.
clustered on the much longer (often 6 in.) spadix ; and the stamens are mue

The narrow reflexed spathe is 2-23 in. long.

„sided

14. P. Kunstleri, Hook. f.; leaves 8-12 by 2-33 1n- unequal side
oblong or subfalcately oblanceolate caudate-acuminate, base CUT gpathe
rounded, sheath divergent from the branch, peduncle termina’, P
linear apiculate, spadix very slender, flowers spirally whorled.

PERAK ; King’s Collector. der or lower

Stem climbing 10-15 ft. Leaves coriaceous, very variable, the ol suded, thè
(like those of P. latifolius) are up to 8 in. broad, acuminate, base, DË 1 acente
younger are as long but only 2-21 in. broad, with very long pointed OPS sheaths
bases ; „nerves spreading and arching, much more close in the older leaves ;

Pathos, | CLXVI. AROIDEE, (J. D. Hooker.) 555

Him. Peduncle 13 in., decurved or tortuous. Spatke ll by } in, tip obtuse
wicuate. Spadiz 5 in. ; flowers solitary or clustered.

lő. P, remotiflorus, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 133; leaves 3-6 by $-2 in.
Uequalsided linear or oblong-lanceolate or oblanceolate caudate-
suminate, base acute or obtuse, sheaths very slender divergent from the
ch, peduncles terminal and axillary, spathe linear-lanceolate apiculate,
JY very slender zigzag, flowers solitary. Kunth Enum. iii. 65; Schott
md. i. 25, t. 54; Prodr. 573; Thw. Enum. 337; Engler Arac. 92.
fren, Moon Cat. Pl. Ceyl. 10 (name only); Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii.

CEYLON; Walker ; up to 4000 ft., Thwaites.

as thick as a sparrow-quill, much branched. Leaves coriaceous, tips fili-

sa nerves erecto-patent, arched; petiole 4 in., very slender, sometimes in a

— line with the sheath, which is 4-13 in. long. Peduncle 1-1}-in., erect,
ed, or slender, Spathe $-24 in., striate, base rounded. Spadix 1-2} in.

C. Petiole very short, base semi-amplexicaul (sheath 0).

l6. P. Thomsonianus, Schott Aroid. i.24, t. 51; Prodr. 571; leaves
ax by li-2 in. elliptic- or oblong-lanceolate caudate-acuminate, base
ate, peduncles lateral and terminal, spathe small oblong-lanceolate,
subsessile cylindric dense-tld.
CARNATIC; G. Thomson.
ranches as thick as a duck’s quill. Leaves thinly coriaceous, rather unequal -
, drying yellowish ; petiole 1-3 in. Pedunele 1 in., decurved. Spathe 4 in.
Ges 1-1 in.—Formed parts of a herbarium made by collectors in the Carnatic
MM by the late Gideon Thomson, Esq., of Madras, for his brother, the late
"of the Calcutta Bot. Garden,

INDETERMINABLE SPECIES.

4 oU ABIUS, Wall. Cat. 4445, from Singapore, young leaves only.
"gue, Wall, Cat, 4446; from Tavoy, Gomez.

32. ACORUS, Linn.

Aromatic marsh h i isti i

) erbs, rootstock creeping. Leaves distichous, ensiform,
ide oquitant, nerves parallel. Peduncle leaf-like. Spathe the ensiform
Se nuation of the peduncle. Spadiz sessile, cylindric, dense-fld., flowering
nie Sepals 6, orbicular, concave, tips incurved. Stamens 6, fila-
Onan. linear flat; anther reniform, cells confluent above, slits extrorse.
the J Conical, 2-3-celled ; stigma minute; ovules many, pendulous from
micro P of each cell, orthotropous. Berries few-seeded. Seeds oblong,
temp e often fimbriate, albumen fleshy, embryo axile.—Species 2 north

` regions,

LA o T
A - Calamus Linn. . PI. 394; leaves 3-6 ft. midrib stout.
Bons - Ind. ii. 169; en. Ib d. 21; Wall. Cat. 196; Grah. Cat.

. xL 230; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 96; "hw. Enum. 337;
ad o Ul. iji, 157; Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 162. Engler Arac. 217. A. Griffithii
lj. ghirensis, Schott in Gistr. Bot. Zeitschr. (1858), 357, and (1859),
ai "2". 580, and 579. A. Belangeri, Schott in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat.
wh: Casia, Bertol. Pl. Nuov. Asiat. ii. (1865), 8.— Rheede Hort. Mal.

556 CLXVI. AROIDEEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Pothos.

Throughout Inpra and CEYLON, in marshes, wild or cult., ascending the Himalaya
to 6000 ft. in Sikkim. DISTRIB. north, temp. and warm regions. dunce

Rootstock very aromatic. Leaves 3-6 ft. by 3-13 in., margins waved, P slight!
LA in. broad. Spathe 6-30 in. long. Spadiz 2-4 in. i-i in. diam., slightly
curved. Sepals about equalling the ovary.—Sweet Flag.

2. A. gramineus, Soland. in Ait. Hort. Kew, i. 474; midrib own
Prodr. 580; Engler Arac. ii. 218. A Calamus, Benth. Fl. Hongk. g Lat in
terrestris, Spreng. Syst. ii. 118; Schott l. c. 579. A. Tatarinovn, à am
Gstr. Bot. Zeitschr. (1859) 101. A. Calamus var. terrestris, Engler aa a

SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 6000 ft. J.D.H. Kuasa HILLS, alt. 4-5000 ft., Grën,
&c.— DISTRIB. China, Japan. : shorter

Much more variable in size than A. Calamus, from 6 in. to 3 ft., with a
spathe and more slender spadix.

Order CLXVII. LEMNACEJE.

Minute or small annual floating green scale-like plants, e AT
with eapilary roots, propagated by budding or by hybernating
rarely by seed. Flowers 1-3, naked, or in a spathe; perianth 0. truncate
1-2, anthers 1- or 2-celled. Ovary 1-celled ; style short; stigma ei ww
or funnel-shaped ; ovules 1-7. Utricle bottle-shaped. Seeds 1- or mo
testa coriaceous; albumen 0, or fleshy; embryo axile, cy lindric.— niries.
2, or according to various authors 3or 4. Species about 20, in all cou

1. LEMNA, Linn.

: . : ts.
Fronds with one or more roots, bearing the flowers in marginal clef

Filaments slender ; anthers 2-celled. Ovules 1-7.— Species 17, natives of
countries.

L. obcordata, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5201, is a species of Riccia.

ical
1, L. minor, Linn. Sp. Pl. 976; root solitary, frond sy nn

obovoid or oblong nearly flat on both surfaces, ovule solitary: d t. 9,

Enum. iii. 4. Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. vii. t. 14. Hegelm. Lemnx, ©

10; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v.29; Kurz in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 266.

c Throughout Inpa? Wesrexn Tuer, to 9500 ft, TI homson.—
osmopolitan. bove,
Frond 3-4 in. long; young sessile on the old, but soon detached, green ptose.

epidermal cells with flexuous walls. Root-sheath not appendaged, tol hemi-

Spathe 2-lipped. Stamens 2 (each a male fl) Style long. Seed o" y

anatropal, albuminous.—Kurz (Journ. Linn, Soc. xi. 266) thinks that been mis-

does not occur in India proper. If this be so, L. paucicostata has bk

taken for it, a point I must leave it for local botanists to clear up.

the Caucasus and W. Tibet as the only Asiatic habitats.

. , fronå

2. L. paucicostata, Hegel». Lemnæ, 139, t. 8; root bé a
asymmetrical obovate or obovate-oblong nearly flat on 59 ul. ii. d
ovule solitary. Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 80. L. minor, Griff. Notu
Hegelm. in Seem. Journ. Bot. (1865), 112; Thw. Enum. 331.

In various parts of INDIA and CEYLON; ascending the Khasia Hills
DISTRIB. Cosmopolitan tropical. root-sheatis

Distinguished from Z. minor by the asymmetric fronds, appendaged
acute root-cap, and erect orthotropous seed. :eular 0

e

3. L. gibba, Linn. Sp. Pl. 970; root solitary, frond orbi

DI8TBIP-

to 6000 f7

Lemna.) CLXVII. LEMNACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 557

obovoid tumid beneath, ovules 2-7. Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. vii. t. 14; Boiss.

, Orient. v. 30; Hegelm. Lemnex, 145, t. 11-18. Telmatophace gibba,
Schleid. in Linnea, xii. 391; Kunth Enum. iii. 6; Kurz in Journ. Linn.
^ 1x. 266.—Lemna, Griff. Notul. iii. 221 (2nd species), Ic. Pl. Asiat. t.

Still at throughout INDIA, ascending to 7000 ft. in the Himalaya,—Distris.
n,

,Frond 3-4 in. diam., opaque, young sessile, cells beneath very large, epidermis
ih flernous walls. Root-sheath elongate, cylindric, root-cap acute. Stamens 2.
lecircumciss, Seeds erect, anatropous, albumen scanty or 0.

XA trisulca, Linn. Sp. Pl. 970; root solitary, frond oblanceolate
lip serrate young hastate persistent, ovule solitary. Kunth Enum. iii. 5;

ho, Je, FI. Germ. vii. t. 15; Hegelm. Lemms, 134, t. 5, 6; Boiss. F l.
Orient. vi.29; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 281. L. craciata, Rozb. Fl. Ind. iii
%—Lemna, Griff Notul. 218 ; Ic. Plant. Asiat. t. 262.

T PANJAB, Stewart, BENGAL, The Concan, MUNNEPORE, and BURMA.—DiISTRIB.
emp, and trop. regions,
. ronds A3 in, long, young on one or both sides placed cross-wise to the old ;
pidermis 0, Root-cap acute. Style very short. Seed hemianatropous, horizontal ;
Tough, grooved.

ts polyrrhiza, Linn. Sp. Pl. 970; roots many, frond herbaceous
Rein Y obovate or orbicular flat or nearly so 7-nerved, ovules 1-2 erect.
» Ic

pma, xiii, 392; E iii 151, t. 13-15;
1 » ^I. ; Kunth. Enum. iii. 7 ; Hegelm. Lemne, 151, t. ;
Boiss, p]. Orient, v, 30.

Common throughout INDIA and CgYrox.—DisTRIB. Temp. and trop. regions.
ronds 42 in, diam., dark green above, usually purplish beneath ; epiderma]
* with flexuons walls. Spathe 2-lipped. Stamens 2. Ovules 1-2, semianatro-
ie. urz describes a var, concolor with much larger fronds, green on both sur-
» A8 occurring under trees in Bengal.

wi wë 9ligorrhiza, Kurz in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 267, t. 5; roots
vii. 16 vads membranous ovate or oblong 3-5-nerved. Benth. FI. Austral.
Thiza 3. pirodela oligorrhiza, Hegelm. Lemnæ, 147, t. 16. s. melanor -
and pleioirrhiza, P^ Muell. ex Kurz in Seem. Journ. Bot. (1867) 115.

wë At, Kurz, and elsewhere in India.—DisTRIB. Trop. Asia, Australia, Poly-

Fronds 3-3 in, Jon Dann tn cireinate grouns

` road, thin, shining, collected in circinate groups,
Kl bet, Roots 5 very lone Flowers as in L. minor.—Kurz, from whom
L. pol ve characters are taken, says that he at first took it for an extreme form of
the rhiza, in company of which he always found it in Bengal; but on discovering
Rinor ers he considered it distinct. It has the general form and size of L.

abo

2. WOLFFIA, Horkel.

ronda i i i ing the flowers on
t ike grains of sand, rootless, proliferous, bearing the flowers
ù Quer surface. Spathe 0. Anthers sessile, l-celled. Style short, stigma
sed; ovule 1, erect.

Le Ww
ha: ", 2?Thiza, ‘mm. Fl. Schles. 140; fronds subglobose. W.
Micheli, Behtar Sen Bot 933, W. Delili, Kure in Journ. Linn. Suc.

558 CLXVII. LEMNACEEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Wolfia.

D 83,
ix. 265 (not of Schleid.). Lemna arrhiza, Linn. Mant. 294. m
Rozb. Fl. Ind. iii. 565; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 252; Dalz, & HTC,
Fl. 281. Grantia globosa, Griff. Notul. iii. 229; Ic. Pl. Astat. V. 20%
Bruniera vivipara, Franchet in Billot. 1864, 25. Cosmopolitan
ommon, probably throughout INDIA and CEYLON.—DISTRIB. GosmoP We,
OF this Kura distinguishes two Indian varieties, a larger, Delili (Grant glob
Griff.), and a smaller with more cylindric fronds, the Lemna globosa,

on, : . d flat
2. W. microscopica; Kurz in Journ. Linn. Soc. 1x. 254 i irme o
above, conical beneath and tapering into a root? Heger +. 966-268.
Grantia microscopica, Griff. Notul. in. 226; Ic. Plant. Asiat. V.
BENGAL, Griffith. 2c. .
Known only through Griffiths description and drawings.

Onpnz& CLXVIII. TRIURIDEZ.

. : ith a few
Slender, leafless, coloured annuals. Stem subsimple, Dier: ee mes
distant scales. Flowers unisexual, small, in terminal Por yn ito or -lobed ;
pedicels decurved, bracteate. Perianth inferior, 6-8-pa et,
lobes ovate-lanceolate or subulate, valvate in bud. irri a thick disk,
2-6, hypogynous or perigynous, anthers free or immerse ` Q, FEM. FL.
cells 2, confluent, slits extrorse ; pistillodes 3, subulate, oF lo, L-celled;
Staminodes 0 or few. Carpels many, sessile on a recep t,o peni-
style terminal lateral or basal, persistent; stigma acute, ¢ Jobose head,
cillate. Ovules solitary, erect, anatropous. Achenes m a 8 Genera 2,
obovoid, coriaceous or fleshy, nucleus hard, embryo not seen.
tropical America and Asiatic.

SCIAPHILA, Blume.

. of ihe
Perianth 3-8-partite or -lobed. Anthers sessile at d Ze an
perianth. Style ventral or basilar.—Species about 14,
American.

8 du Trans.
1. S. erubescens, Miers in Proc. Linn. Soc. il. (1850) 74 dr lanceo-
Linn. Soc. xxi. 48; raceme many-fld., perianth segments 2: sadi ,
late naked style, clavate penicillate hardly longer than the A hylleia ert:
Enum. 294; Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. vii. (1855) 10. AP
bescens, Champ. in Calcutt. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. 468.
CEYLON ; in shady woods at Galle, Champion; Colombo, Ferguson: ed with red

: ]
"` Stem 3-4 in. Flowers } in. diam., hyaline, pale purplish, Sp eck
streaks ; pedicels 2 in.

«= (1855)
, t, vii, (18°
2. S. secundiflora, Thw. ex Benth. in Hook. Journ. x 6 subulate
10; Enum. 294; raceme secund, few-fld., perianth Sean the ovary:
acuminate naked, style clavate penicillate hardly longer tha
CEYLON ; forests near Sittawake, Thwaites. ious pedice
Stem 6-14 in., purplish; bracts broad, acute. Flowers morong, Y ite.
ig-$ in. ; perianth about 2 in. diam. Anthers sessile, transversely

e rian
3. S. janthina, Thw. Enum. 294; flowers long-pedicelion P^ Jon d
segments 8 lanceolate, stamens 4, style subbasilar fili pot D
than the ovary. Hyalisma janthina, Champ. dn Calc. Jo
vii. (1847) 466 ; Miers. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxi. 49.

Champion:
TRAVANCORE; Tinnevelly, Beddome. CEYLON; in damp forests,

Stiaphila.] OLXVIII, TRIURIDEZ. (J. G. Hooker.) 559

Stem 4-8 in.; bracts about ze in. Flowers alternate, opposite and whorled,

mono- or dioecious, pedicel 3-1 in.; male å in. diam., fem.}in. Anthers sessile on
à thick disk, -

4 S. khasiana, Hook. f. in Gen. Plant. iii. 1003; perianth segments
t5 ovate-acuminate, male fl. with 3 subulate pistillodes, style ventral
filiform much longer than the ovary.

Kuasta Hiris, alt. 4000 ft., J. D. H. y T. T.

Plant red-purple. Stem 3-6 in., filiform or capillary, flexuous, simple or branched,
mked or with a few scales, fem. much the stoutest. Flowers diccious, racemose,
male A in, diam., fem twice as large and longer pedicelled; bracts of male minute,
Zen. | in., subulate 3 perianth papillose. Anthers very large, globosely 4-lobed,
white, dehiscence transverse ; pistillodes erect, subulate, purple. Carpels many,
papillose, Achenes reniformly obovoid, pericarp cellular, purple. Seed conform to
the pericarp; testa chartaceous, yellow-brown, transversely strongly reticulate ;
em oblong, cellular, homogeneous, white.—Described from drawings I made in

asia,

OrpER CLXIX. ALISMACEJE.

Marsh or water plants of various habit. Leaves radical, entire. Flowers
regular, uni- or bisexual. Perianth segments 6, 2-seriate, outer (sepals)
heri àceous, inner petaloid rarely 0. Stamens 6 or more, hypogynous or
Perigynous ; anthers erect, basifixed, 2-celled, slits lateral or dorsal. Car-
Pels 3-6 or more, 1-celled, sessile or stipitate on a flat or raised receptacle ;
style short, long (or 0), subterminal or ventral, stigma simple; ovules 1 or
more, insertion various. Fruit of small achenes or follicles. Seeds small,
ubuminons ; embryo straight or conduplicate.— Genera 12, species about

» Cosmopolitan.

Tribe 1. ALISMACEX. Fruit of 3 or more achenes.

Flowers bisexual, Stamens 6-9. Receptacle flat . 1, ALISMA.
owers polygamous. Stamens 6. Receptacle flat . — . 2. LIMNOPHYTON.
owers unisexual. Stamens many. Receptacle globose or
oblong e, 9, SAGITTARIA,
Owers monocious, Stamens 3 . 4, WISNERIA.
Tribe II. Buromex, Fruit of follicles.
Petals marcescent. Embryo straight . 5. Bv TOMUS.
*tals deciduous. Embryo hippocrepic 6. BuroMmopsis.

1. ALISMA, Linn.

ti Scapigerous herbs. Leaves lanceolate, cordate, or sagittate. Flowers
sual in umbelled or panicled whorls, white or pink. Sepals 3, her-
fla Cus, persistent. Petals 3, membranous, deciduous. Stamens 6 or 9,
Ments filiform, Carpels few or many ; receptacle small; stigma small,
Weer ovule solitary, anatropous, basilar. Fruit of few or many
™pressed or tur id, coriaceous or hard achenes. Seeds erect, testa mem-
"nous ; embryo ippocrepic.—Species about 10, cosmopolitan.

T A. Plantago, Linn. ; leaves linear ovate-lanceolate or subcordate
e ierved, fruiting sepals spreading, achenes membranous compressed,
tie Slender deciduous. Kunth Enum. iii. 148; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. vii.
Car | Micheli in DC. Monog. Phan. iii. 32; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 9; Wall,
41998, PA, intermedium, Griff. ez Voigt Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 680.

560 CLXIX, ALISMACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Alisma.

Marshes, Ae, of the LowzR HIMALAYA, alt. 1-7000 ft., from Kashmir to Munne-
pore and Burma.—DisTRIB. N. and S. temp. regions. . 8 14 ft.

Rootstock fleshy, swollen. Leaves 6-8 in., erect or spreading. aape claw.
Flowers in panicled whorls, 3 in. diam.; petals pink or rose with a ye Kashmir
Achenes 20-30, in a single whorl; style ventral.—4A. small state found in whorl,
alt. 7000 ft., by Clarke, resembles A. ranunculoides, but the carpels are in one ,
though irregularly disposed.

2. A. reniforme, Don Prodr. 22; leaves orbicular-cordate r reni-
form 13-17-nerved, fruiting sepals persistent, achenes 5-8 turgid, one oo
thick hard, style slender persistent. Wight Ic. t. 322; Kunt Get "d
151; Benth. Fl. Austral. 186. A. calophyllum, Wall. Cat. .
parnassifolium, 8 majus, Micheli in DC. Monog. Phan. i. 36. «othe

Marshes, &c., throughout the plains and low country of India, ascending
hills to 5000 ft. (not in Ceylon).—D isTRIB. Australia. :

Leaves Se, ei im (up to 7 in. broad), often broader than long, 4P
rounded or emarginate, nervules very fine and close. Scape 1-3 ft. growers pals as
3 in. diam., in very large whorled panicles; branches and pedicels long ; whorled,
long as the petals, at first erect in fruit, at length reflexed. Achenes Micheli with
obovoid, dorsally ribbed, ribs smooth ; style subterminal.—United by bros d large
the European 4. parnassifolium, but differing much in the coriaceous very
leaves and in geographical distribution.

: 99. s

3. A. oligococcum, F. Muell. Fragm. Phyt. Austral. i. 23 pcs
membranous broadly ovate-cordate with acute lobes and a narro als re-
punctate 11-17-nerved, bracts very large lanceolate, fruiting ded endo-
flexed, achenes 2-6 whorled turgid dorsally keeled keels tubero “Austral:
carp thick hard, style very short terminal deciduous. Benth. "m. Thw.
vii. 185; Micheli, in DC. Monog. Phan. iii. 37. A. glandulosum,
Enum. 332. A.apetalum, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 4996. cor

Marshes, &., in the plains of the Pansar and BENGAL, but not common. VEU >
Thwaites,— DisTRIB. Africa trop., Australia. . ‘ole 6-9 in. long

Leaves 3-6 in. long by 2-3 in. broad, nervules distant. Panie 7 ers of b
and broad; bracts herbaceous, lower 1-3 in. long, lanceolate. Fine
Plantago.

2. RIMNOPHYTON, Miguel.

An erect succulent marsh plant, with the characters of Alisma,
that the flowers are polygamous.

. “peli. in ADE:
L. obtusifolium, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 242; Micheli, in 4 7;

Monogr. Phan. iii. 39, Alisma sagittifolium, Willd. Sp. "na 499. A
Kunth. Enum, ii. 151. A. Kotschii, Hochst. in Flora, 18 d th.

except

OH eg
The Deccan; from the Concan southwards, in tanks, &c. CEYLON, a

Distris. Trop, Africa, Madagascar. 8i
Usually very robust, but sometimes dwarf. Leares 6-12 by 4-8 m.,

reniformly
red ; pe jole
sigittate or triangular, with long tapering spreading lobes, many-nervt ? upper

d : ite,
2-3 ft. Scape 2-4 ft., stout, angled. Flowers many, 3-} in. ug ns 6, fila-
mostly male. Sepals reflexed atter flowering, Petals obovate. turgid, epicarP

ments of the male enlarged at the base. Achenes numerous, turbinate,
fleshy ; style ventral, stigma capitate.

CLXIX. ALISMACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 561

3. SAGITTARIA, Linn.

Erect stemless, usually perennial water plants. Leaves long-petioled,
ic cordate or sagittate. Flowers in panicied or spicate whorls,
uusexual or polygamous. Sepals 3, herbaceous. Petals 3, membranous,
deciduous. Stamens 6 or more; filaments filiform, compressed. Car-
pes very many, crowded on a large globose or oblong receptacle,
laterally flattened ; style ventral or apical, stigma papillose ; ovules solitary,

Fruit a globose or oblong head of flattened crested or winged
&henes, Seeds erect, testa thin ; embryo hippocrepic.—Species about 15,
temperate and tropical.

l S. sagittifolia, Linn.; leaves hastate or sagittate, achenes flat
orally winged. Kunth Enum. iii, 156; Rowb. Fl. Ind. iii. 645; Wall.
Cat. 4991; Reichb, Fl. Germ. vii. t. 53; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v.11; Micheli
Pade. Monogr. Phan. iii. 66. S. hermaphrodita, Ham. in Wall. Cat.

c.g. hastata, Don Prodr. 22. Sg. Doniana, Sweet, Hort. Brit. 1826.
Y In tanks, &c., throughout the plains of INDIA from the Panjab to Bengal and
Unipore.—[rsrRrp, Europe, N. Asia, N. America.
dentes obtuse or acute, 2-8 in. long, very rarely elliptic or lanceolate, lobes more
" es diverging 3 petiole 8-18 in., trigonous. Scape 6-18 in., with 3-5 whorls of
Owers each 1 in. diam. ; lower whorls fem., upper male, with longer pedicels ;
ts short, obtuse. Flowers $ in. diam. ; petals white, claw often purple. Achenes
ely obovate, apiculate, wings broad entire or subcrenate.

l 2 s. suayanensis, Humb. Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1.250;
iw floating broadly ovate deeply cordate obtuse, achenes flat surrounded
5 broad toothed wing. Kunth Enum. ii. 161. S. cordifolia, Rowb. Fl.
Walt o 647; Kunth Le S. Lappula, Don. Prodr. 22. _S. parviflora,
Ge | Cat, (ea Micheli), Alisma? Hamiltonianum and cristatum, Wall.
1993 4993, 4994, 4995. A. stellatum and pubescens, Ham. ex Wall. Cat.
Se 4995. Lophiocarpus guayanensis, Micheli in A.DC. Monogr. Phan.

uta tanks and marshes, throughout the plains of INDIA, to BURMA and the
Be, í PENINSULA, but not very common ; (not in Ceylon).—DisTR15. Malay Islands,
P trop. Australia, . .
branos 17,7 7426, and pedicels often more or less hairy. Leaves 1-2 in., mem-
de lobes broad acute or obtuse, sinus broad or narrow; nerves radiating,
it few 3 petiole long or short. Scape 6-18 in., stout. Flowers % in. diam., white,
whorls .PProximate irregular whorls ; pedicels short, very stout ; flowers of the lower
Lin Usually ternate, bisexual, 9-12-androus, of the upper more numerous, male,
“androus, Petals obovate, erose. -Anthers cordate at the base. Achenes very

4. WISNERIA, Micheli.

lane *Pigerous marsh or water herbs. Leaves long-petioled, filiform

ate or oblanceolate. Flowers minute, moncecious, in remote involu-
ne), Dier S on a very slender rachis; involucre campanulate, truncate,
equal ous Sepals 3, equal or one larger, persistent. Petals 2-4,

ng or smaller than the sepals. MALE FL. Stamens 3. Pistillodes
tpt, we rw. rt, Staminodes setaceous. Carpels 3-6, erect, ovoid; re-
nacle small tumid; style 0, or terminal, short, stigma minute; ovule
dup); basilar. Achenes and seed subglobose or compressed; embryo
tar, Picate, hyppocrepic.—Species 3, Trop. Asia, Africa, and Madagas-

VOL, vr, 00

562 OLXVI. ALISMACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Wisneria.

W. triandra, Micheli in A. DO. Monog. Phan. iii. 82; sepals and petals
3 each, achenes subglobose, stigma sessile. Sagittaria trian ra, .
Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. (1850), 144; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 249.

he CoNCAN ; in water holes, Malwan, Stocks. .

Leaves with the petiole 9-16 in., narrowly linear-spathulate obtuse, 2 gno:
midrib stout penni-nervuled, lateral nerves slender submarginal. eal a linear.
than the petiole. Flowers ternate, very shortly pedicelled, white ; sep Abee
oblong ; petals much larger, obovate. Filaments short, anthers didymous.
few, subglobose or obovoid, smooth.

5. BUTOMUS, Linn.

H vU

À glabrous erect water plant, with a stout creeping rootstock. ps
erect, linear, elongate, triquetrous, blade 0. Scape erect, tere -tals both
bisexual, in simple bracteate umbels, pink. Sepals an Tous fila-
coloured and persistent, coriaceous, erect. Stamens 9, b YpoEY hisconce.
ments elongate-subulate; anthers linear, didymous a tar, à vent
Carpels 6, whorled on a flat receptacle, connate below ; ie Fruit o
elongate furrowed ; ovules many, scattered, parietal, men) ing. furrowed;
6 coriaceous beaked many-seeded follicles. Seeds linear-oblong,
embryo straight.

oe , riv
B. umbellatus, Linn.; Kunth Enum. iii. 164; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Go
vii. t. 58; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 19; Wall. Cat. 7244. Europe;
The PANJAB and KASHMIR; in marshes, &c., alt. 1-5000 ft.— DISTRIB.
N. Asia.

. -fid.,
Leaves 9-4 ft. by j in. broad, acuminate, base sheathing. Umbel many
bracts 3; pedicels 2-4 in. Flowers 1 in. diam.

6. BUTOMOPSIS, Kunth.

. H ys
An annual marsh herb with milky juice. Leaves elliptic, acute bat
in solitary or superposed bracteate whorls; perianth as in nite Stamen
petals larger than the sepals, membranous, fugacious, wil Seeds very
8-12; anthers oblong. Follicles, 6-7, erect; membranous.
many, minute, smooth.

, , 249;
B. lanceolata, Kunth Enum. iii. 165; Dalz, & Gibs. Bomb. It “g
Benth. Fl. Austral, vii. 187; Micheli in A.DC. Monog. Pham Saz
B.? latifolia, Kunth l.c. Butomus lanceolatus, Roxb. Fl. "in Wall.
Wall. Cat. 4999. B. latifolius, Don Prodr. 22. B. Dobia, Ham.
l.c. Tæganocharis cordofana, Hochst. in Flora (1841), 369. i
PLAINS OF INDIA, from Rohilkund to Assam and the Deccan.—DISTR
of the old world. . narrow, 3-7-
Very variable in stature and stoutness. Leaves 2-5 in., broad or t or slender
nerved, acute obtuse or apiculate. Scape as long as the leaves, A: Flowers
Umbels 3-20-fld.; bracts few, short, scarious; pedicels 2-8 in., e tamen
$-1 in. diam.; sepals ovate or orbicular; petals longer, obovate.

TT, rt
filaments rather slender, anthers oblong. Follicles 6-7, tapering into sho
membranous, connate below,

p. tropics

OrDErR CLXX. NAIADACHEJE.

eeping:
Aquatic or marsh herbs of various habit. Rootstock Cer Sr erect»
Stems usually elongate (short or O in Triglochin) branched.

CLXX. NAIADACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 563

or submerged or floating, base sheathing; stipules 0 or within the sheath.

s inconspicuous, usually green, 1-2-sexual. Perianth 0, or tubular,

x of 3-4 inferior valvate segments. Stamens hypogynous; anthers

-2-celled. Ovary of 1-4 1-ovuled carpels, style long or short, stigma

Mots: ovule erect or pendulous. Fruit of l-seeded utricles achenes or

pelets. Seed exalbuminous; embryo straight or curved, radicular end
very large.—'l'emperate and tropical; genera 16, sp. about 120.

* Stigmas discoid or decurrent on the ovary.
t Perianth of sepals or scales. Flowers bisexual.

Marsh herbs, Sepals 6, herbaceous green . . . . . 1. TRIGLocHIN.
lcs. Sepals 1-3, white, membranous . . . . . 2. APONOGRTON.
tics. Sepals 4, herbaceous, green . . . . . . . . 3. POTAMOGETON.

tt Perianth 0. Flowers uni- or bi-sexual.

aties, Stamen 2. Carpelsstipitate . . . . . . . . 4 RUPPIA.

tics. Stamen 1. Carpels sessile . . . . . . . . . 5. ZANNIOHELLIA.
* oque .
Stigmas subulate or capillary. Flowers unisexual.
P :
reh or brackish aquatics. Perianth hyaline . . . . . . 6. NAIAS.
PerianthO. . . . 2.2.5... T. CYMODOCEA.

1. TRIGLOCHIN, Li.

Se igerous marsh herbs. Leaves rush-like, flat or terete. Flowers
herba; Isexual, spicate or racemose, 2-bracteate. Perianth-segments 3 or 6,
wn US, concave, deciduous. Stamens 6, inserted on the base of the
3 ents; anthers didymous, slits extrorse. Carpels 6, 1-celled, 1-ovuled,
ae aie often imperfect; styles short, often connate, stigmas peni-
ed ovules basilar, erect, anatropous. Fruit of 3 or 6 free or
traight achenes or follicles with recurved tips. Seed erect; embryo
‘—Genus cosmopolitan; species about 12.

de palustre, Linn. Sp. Pl. 338; leaves j-terete throughout, fruit

iii, ug , carpels 3 slender attached to the axis by a point. Kunth Enum.

doa? eich), Ic. Fl. Germ. vii. t. 51; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 13.—Tri-
I Grif. Notul. iii, 204; Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 271.

o PERATE and ALPINE HIMALAYA, and WesTeRN TIBET, alt. 8-15,00€

STRIB. N. temp. regions and S. America. .

e; tree in, tuberous and stoloniferous. eer gl ing E we
E e elongatin r flowering, pedicels short. en,

SÉ, Arten purple KN A iu. long, appressed to the rachis; carpels

&-—p

2m
,". maritimum, Linn. Sp. Pl. 339; leaves slightly flattened at
Gr fruit oblong of 6 separable carpels. Kunth Enum. iii. 145;
Te. Fl. Germ, vii. t. 52; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 13.
MPERATE and ALPINE HIMALAYA, and WESTERN TIBET, from 12,000-16,000

Distrig, N. temp. regions.

tveg ` > Stouter, and more tuberous at the base than T. palustre. Scape stout,
Vía, not e longer, but not elongating so much in fruit; flowers larger ; fruit
*Ppressed to the scape, carpels grooved on the back.

002

564 CLXX. NAIADAOEE. (J. D. Hooker.)

2. APONOGETON, Thumb.

Submerged scapigerous plants ; rootstocks tuberous. Eu e» im
erect, oblong. Scape long, bearing a single or twin sessile pices closed
unilateral or distichous bisexual flowers; the very young spikes e ual
in a conical deciduous sheath. Perianth 0, or of 1-3 equal or ne
white segments. Stamens 6 or more, filaments subulate, unequa pe ma
tent ; anthers didymous. Carpels 3-6, 2- or more- ovuled ; styles P de d or
discoid or decurrent persistent ; ovules basilar, anatropous. d urt 9 about
more coriaceous follicles. Seeds erect; embryo straight.— Specie
20, Asiatic, African and Australian.

1. A, monostachyon, Linn. f. Suppl. 214; leaves floating oblong
3-5-nerved opaque, cross nervules distinct, spike solitary, veh FL. Ind.
than the 3 smooth 4-8-seeded follicles. Roæb. Cor. Pl. i. 58, t. Notul. iii
i. 210; Thw. Enum. 323; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 248; Grif- ‘A. mono:
203; Wall. Cat. 5167, A, B, C, E.; Andr. Bot. Rep. vi. t. E À "ucens,
stachys, Edgew. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. (1844), 405, t. hy ` Eder,
Herb. Madr. A. flavidum, Herb. Ham. Spathium monostac yum, dicus,
in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. iii, (1843), 533, t.16. Potamogeton loa”
Roth ex Roem. $ Sch. Syst. iii. 576. Saururus natans, Linn. Mant.
Rheede Hort. Mal. ii. t. 15.

sia and

Tanks, &c, throughout Ixpra and Cexrow.—bDisrRIs. Trop. Ast

Australia, cordate.
Leaves 3-6 in., acute or obtuse, herbaceous, base cuneate rounded or Seeds

Spike 1-6 in., lax or dense-fld. Sepals obovate to lanceolate. eng distinct cross

oblong.—Submerged leaves membranous transparent and wi

nervules as in A. crispum.

om

2. A. crispum, Thunb. Nov. Gen. i. 73; leaves submerge’ a
linear-oblong to lanceolate 3-7-nerved membranous trane "34 smoot
nervules distinct, spike solitary, sepals much longer than t 1 Fl. Ind. ii.
1-2-seeded follicles. Thw. Enum. 333. A. undulatum, Row). p Pl. 145.
211; Wall. Cat. 5167, D. 5168; 5175, F.; Aitchis. Cat. Fed 84d) 405,
Ouvirandra undulata, Edgew. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. m. We (1843),
t. 18. Spathium undulatum, Edgew. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. wn.
933, t. 15.—Limogeton, Edgew. ex Griff. Notul. iii. 203.

Tanks throughout INDIA and Cryton.—Distrre, Australia. Sepals very

Leaves 1-3 ft., flat or undulate ; base acute rounded or cordate. Roxburgh
variable in size, if two species be not confounded under this name. i

: fully Am:
describes them **as in monostachyon," but in some specimens they are y
long.

e lineat-
3. A. echinatum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 210; leaves e sepals
oblong 3-5-nerved opaque cross-nervules obsolete, spike solitary:
shorter than the 3 echinate 2-seeded follicles.

Tanks in BENGAL, Rozburgh.

: , Wight,
I have zeen but one specimen of what I take to be this plant, in p in the
named A. dispermum. Wight says it quite resembles 4. monostachyon; t beak, and
follicles, which are larger, 2-seeded, more narrowed into a nearly Vn as about
they are dorsally irregularly ridged. Roxburgh describes t the enlarge?
6-seeded ; but he figures on the plate of A. monostachyon, apart a echinate and
6-seeded follicles of that plant,3 others carpels which are strong d the forme:
2-seeded, and to which he doubtless alludes under his description o

Aponogeton. | CLXX. NAIADACEH. (J. D. Hooker.) 565

saying, “There isa var. if not a distinct species with hedgehog 2-seeded capsules,
bat in all other respects the same.’’—It follows that he, by inadvertence, describes
the follicles of A. echinatum as 6-seeded.

4 A. microphyllum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 211; leaves very small
oblong long-petioled sides incurved, spike solitary, sepals much larger
the 3 smooth 1-2-seeded follicles, seeds globose. Spathium microphyl-
lum, Voigt Hort. Suburb, Caleutt. 694.
Buoran Mrs, ; in damp places, Roxburgh.
I have seen no specimens, aud Roxburgh’s description differs much from a
"ing in his collection, The latter represents a plant seven inches high, with a
smooth naked tuber, four leaves with sheathing petioles 14 in. long, blade 4 by 4 in.
concave recurved, apparently oblong acute, and quite opaque; spike 14 in., clothed
mth spreading white sepals 4 in. long, and red-brown anthers. Roxburgh, on the
and, describes the leaves as many times shorter than the spike, spreading
to the surface of the earth, 1 in. long by à broad, and the spike as everywhere
Covered with beautiful blue flowers. The globose seeds are remarkable.

3. POTAMOGETON, Linn.

e gbmerged water-plants with creeping rootstock. Leaves submerged
Dating, Opposite or alternate, entire or toothed ; stipules intrafoliaceous.
ers small spicate on a scape rising from a membranous spathe,
„teate. Perianth-segments 4, concave, green, valvate. Anthers Ki

1 lle on the segments, didymous, slits extrorse. Carpe/s 4, sessile,

wed, l-ovuled ; stigma subsessile or decurrent, persistent ; ovule in-
TT In the inner angle of the cell, campylotropous. Drupe/ets small,

abon us or spongy. Seed subreniform; embryo macropodal.—Species
t 50, cosmopolitan.

d of determining the Indian species of Potamogeton I have had the invaluable

Bw T. Arthar Bennett, F.L.S., whose knowledge of the genus is as full as it is

+
Upper or all the leaves floating.

‘ar indi i. A8 floating oblon
iptie 4 cus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 452; upper leaves floating g
x Pi or elliptic-lanceolate coriaceous, lower submerged longer narrower

mranous, stipules 1-1} in. free, spike dense-fid., drupelets small

act ete. Floating leaves 3-4} by 1-2} in., alternate or uppermost opposite,
JF rounded ; Stipul long as the petioles or shorter.

Sont ed, opaque; stipules as long as t! t
m d ender.—Differs from P. natans especially in the shorter stipules and

2 P j floating oblong
ipu," Batans, Linn. Sp. Pl. 126; upper leaves floating
nie i elliptic-lnnceolate biplicate at the Desertion of the petiole, sub-
"Sieg few or 0, stipules 4-5 in. free spikes dense-fld, pedunc E SC
A Se dorsally keeled shortly beaked. Kunth Enum. ii. 127. l eichb.
l4, Germ, vii. t. 50; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 15; Aitch. Ca!. Panja .
‘Tufescens, Aitch. Le 145.

566 CLXX. NAIADACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Potamogeton.

The PANJAB, Thomson. KASHMIR, alt. 5000 ft., Jacquemont, &c.—DISTRIB.
widely diffused especially in temp. climates.

Stem terete. Leaves 2-6 in. ; submerged (if present) sessile, long, narrow, and
without a limb. Peduncle stout. Drupelets 1 in. long.

3. P, oblongus, Viv. Fl. Ital. 2, t. 13; floating leaves long-petioled
elliptic or lanceolate thinly coriaceous, submerged narrowly lanceolate,
stipules 14 in. peduncle and dense-fld. spike very slender, dru elets
minute shortly beaked not keeled. Engl. Bot. t. 2849. P. polygonitolius,
Pourr. in Mem. Acad. Toul. iii. (1788), 325; Hook. f. Students Brit. Fl.
Ed, 3, 431. P. digynus and P. elegans, Wall. Cat. 5177, 5178.

Nepat, Wallich. KmasrA HiLLs, alt. 4-5000 ft. J.D.H.4 T.T. SINGAPORE?
Wallich.—Distriz. Temp. and trop. regions of the old world. a

The more membranous leaves, shorter stipules, very slender peduncle "e
spike, smaller flowers and minute drupelets not A in. long, distinguish this from £-
natans.

4. P. javanicus, Hassk. in Verh. Natuurk. Ver. Ned. Ind. 1. (1850),
26; floating leaves small ovate-oblong or elliptic acute at both, n 5
5-7-nerved longer than their petiole, submerged linear acuminate, stipul "
3-1 in., peduncle slender, spike lax fld., drupelets 4-orbicular beaked, Be
often toothed or tubercled, beak hooked, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii, 750.
tenuicaulis, F. Muell. Fragn. i. 90, 944; Benth. Fl. Austral. vu. 171
parvifolius, Buchen. in Brem. Abhandl. vii. (1880), 32. P. heterophyllus,
Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5181. P. hybridus, Mich.? Herb. Ind. Or. Hf. & T.

Plains of INDIA; ascending the Himalaya to 7000 ft., in the N. West, ert
Feed lc in Sikkim. Kmasra HILLs, alt. 6000 ft.— D1sTRIB. Trop. Asia, Africa an

ustralia.

Stem very slender. Leaves 4-1} in. ; blade twice as long as the petiole or longe"
Spike 4-3 in.; flowers very Man in interrupted whorls peduncle as 1008 T
longer. Sepals orbicular-obovate. Drupelets Ae in., turgid, beak stout.

** Leaves all submerged, ovate oblong or broadly linear, translucent.

5. P. perfoliatus, Linn. Sp. Pl. 126; stem stout, leaves amplexi
ovate-cordate entire 5-9-nerved, peduncle short stout, drupelets hardly
keeled shortly beaked. Kunth Enum. iii. 133; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ.
vii. t. 29; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 17 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 248.

WESTERN HiMALAYA; from Kashmir to Kumaon, alt. 4-8000 ft. Wer?
TIBET, alt. 8-14,000 ft.—DrsrRIB. N. temp. regions, Australia. site;
. Stem terete, dichotomous. Leaves 1-4 in., margins scaberulous, upper opp
stipules small, caducous. Peduncle stout, not thickened upwards. Spike dense
Sepals long-clawed. Drupelets à in., compressed, beak straight.

6. P. crispus, Linn. Sp. Pl. 126; stem slender, leaves semiampl
caul linear or linear-oblong crisped serrulate 3-nerved, peduncle M
tapering upwards, spike few-fld., drupelets obliquely ovoid long moat
Kunth Enum. iii.133; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. vii. t. 29,90; Boiss. Pr h. Cat.
v. 17. P. tuberosus, Roch, Fl. Ind. i. 472; Wall. Cat. 5174; Gram

Sr Fl. 200; Dalz & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 948. P. crenulatus, Do" Prot.

PLAINS of INDIA and TEMPERATE HIMALAYA; from Kashmir to Bhotan, -
ft. MuxsNIPORE, Watt.—DisrRIB. N. and S. temp. and subtrop- reg + the

Stem dichotomous, compressed. Leaves 1-3 in., alternate and narrowed
base, or opposite and amplexicaul, tip rounded ; stipules small, caducous.

Potamogeton.) CLXX. NAIADAQEA. (J . D. Hooker.) 567

long, Spike very short, few-fld.; flowers very small Drupelets } in., obliquely
ooid, compressed, ribs entire or toothed.

7, P. lucens, Linn. Sp. Pl. 126; stem stout, leaves large subsessile
dlong-lanceolate cuspidate undulate serrulate many-nerved, peduncle
stout thickened upwards, spike stout, drupelets small turgid shortly beaked.
ian me. ili, 132; Reichb. Ic, Fl. Germ. vii. t. 36, 37,40; Boiss. Fl.

. Y. 16.

y ASIE, alt. 5-6000 ft., Jacquemont, &c. Kumaon, alt. 6400 ft., Strachey 4
iterbottom.—DistR1B. N. temp. regions, Australia. . .
; ) branched. Leaves 4-10 in., very variable, upper opposite sometimes float-
Zi stipules large, long, 2-winged or -keeled. .Drupelets Je in, convex on both
obtusely beaked,

8. P. mucronatus, Presl Epimel. 245; leaves all submerged longer
Sr petioles, elliptic- or oblong-lanceolate acute or cuspidate
anne many-nerved base acute or obtuse, stipules much longer than
* petiole lanceolate connate, peduncle very long, spike of interrupted
ws or whorls of flowers. P. malaianus, Mig. Ill. Fl. Archip. Ind. 46.
“teens, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5176.

Philipp, Teta at Dinagepore and Kulna and Karnata, Hamilton.—DistTR1B. Borneo

ile? 3-5 by 4-3 in., 5-9 or more-nerved, blade twice or thrice as long as the
ha : stipules i Ce 14-2 in.; ' flowers laxly erowded or whorled.
good suborbicular, very shortly clawed. Fruit }-orbicular, shortly beaked.—Has a
e aspect of P. lucens, to which Hamilton referred it. The specimens

poor, and insufficient for a satisfactory diagnosis.

* Leaves all submerged, very narrowly linear or filiform.
TM 2 pectinatus, Linn. Sp. Pl. 197; leaves filiform acne opaque
drapelet, ; margins slightly thickened, stipules adnate to the leaf-s
Reich} large turgid smooth hardly beaked. Kunth Enum. iii, 7;
PI, 145 le. FT, Germ. vii. t. 19; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 18; Aitch. Cat. Panja
Rat, ` marinus P, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5179 A, B in part. Ruppia
SUIS Thw. Enum, 338, in part. l
Dau tt of INDIA, the HIMALAYA, and WESTERN and EASTERN TIBET, alt. 12-
` YLON ites. — . most regions. .
tem filiform, densely e Leaves 3-8 by dech in» lower
Vlog T 5-nerved, Peduncle not thickened upwards; flowers interruptedly
` Drupelets i in., dimidiate-obovoid.

Zë, Pusillus, Linn. Sp. Pi. 127; leaves narrowly linear or filiform
filito Usually 3-nerved membranous, stipules small free, peduncle ong
obt et Owers few minute clustered, drupelets turgid stoutly | p»
Boiss Peeled. Kunth Enum. iii. 196; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. vii. t. 22 ;

Kun Orient. v. 18; Wall. Cat. 5180.

Are alt. 5000 ft., Thomson.—DisTRIB. N. and S. temp. regions. .

Jem fliform, densely distichously branched. Leaves 4-8 in., rarely acuminate,

ug, 7. Spike 6-10-fld: Drupelets obliquely ovoid. |
end, "d Wellatus, Hook. f., Students’ Brit. Fl. 436; leaves j'y in. road "e -
fit, iy. 115 fabellatus, Bab. in Proc. Linn. Soc. Ser. ii. (1853), mom ; in ` to o-
Pata, ar P. marinus? Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5179 B, in part.—Upper Bengal;

Wich, The Panjab, Thomson.—DIsTRIB. Britain,

568 CLXX. NAIADACEE. (J. D. Hooker.)

4 RUPPIA, Lim.

: te.
Submerged slender branched brackish-water plants. Leaves elongate,
filiform, sheaths stipuliform. Flowers minute, bisexual, 2-6 together within
the leaf-sheath on a short peduncle which usually elongates gren Lien
flowering, and is then straight or spirally twisted. Periant! it) long-
2, sessile, opposite, 2-celled. Carpels 4, 1-ovuled, at length om PE m or
stipitate, stigma sessile; ovule pendulous. Achenes ovor d o nd sub
beaked. Seed uncinate, embryo macropodal.—Species tempera
tropical.

R. rostellata, Koch in Reichb. Ic. Crit. ii. 66, fig. 906 ; Ic. "a in
vii. t. 25; peduncle straight after flowering, achenes obliquely ovo; 196; Ic.
beaked. Boiss. Fl. Orient. v.20. R. maritima, Grif. Moi, m. ^993
Pl. Asiat. t. 257-259. temp.

TuRoveHout Tatta and in CEYLON, in brackish water.—DISTRIB. Europe
and trop. Asia.

wpe in. Achenes
Stem 2 ft. and upwards. Leaves 1-3 in. Fruiting peduncle 1-6 in
zs in. long.

5. ZANNICHELLIA, Linn.

aves

Submerged salt-water plants, with slender rootstock and stems. 2" a
linear, sheaths stipular. Flowers minute, enclosed in the lea D 3-celle
male and fem. in one membranous spathe. Male fl. a lina Carpe
anther, filament slender. Fem. fl. perianth cupular hya wé e; ovale
2-9. sessile; style long slender, stigma oblique peltate, mE reniform,
solitary, pendulous, orthotropous. Achenes 4, sessile or stipita tvledonary
crested. Seed pendulous, testa thin; embryo subcylindric, coty
end twice folded on itself.—Species 4—5, or forms of one.

cle

Z. palustris, Linn. Sp. Pl. 969; subsp. PEDICELLATA; male Poig as
short, achenes 2-4 subsessile, back crenate or tubercled, S Branden.
the body of the achene or longer, anthers 2-celled. Aschers. 2 `Z. pedun-
668; Boiss. FI. Orient. v. 15; Micheli, Nov. Gen. t. 94. f. 2. i herosa
culata, Reichb. Fl. Germ. vii. t. 16; Ic. Crit. viii. t. 700. 4. £ i

lat H ’ _ pedi-
Reichb. 1.1. c. c. t. 16 and t. 759. Ic. Fl. Germ. Vil. t. 21, To gen?
256 5 am. in Wall. Cat. 5185; Griff. Notul. iii. 190 ; Te. PI. Asiat

, 256.

Lu W, Tibet-—
Salt marshes and lagoons throughout INDIA, ascends to 15,000 ft. in W.

DISTRIB. (of Z. palustris), all regions but ? Australia. Tibet ;

I find the following ls amongst the Indian specimens: 4, from ez style
flowers sessile or very shortly peduncled, achenes stipitate, dorsally gsile, achenes
shorter than the achene; b, from the Panjab and Behar; flowers ere c, from
stipitate smooth or tubercled dorsally or ventrally or both, style very slender ; d,
Western Tibet, alt. 12-13,000 ft.; flowers sessile, achenes sessile from the Panjab
from the Panjab ; flowers subsessile, style as long as the achenes; €, ITO

n tet
` ]e gho
and Behar ; flowers peduncled, achenes small as long as their stalks, sty
than the achene.

6. NAIAS, Linn.

Submerged plants ; stem branched, filiform, smooth or me minut
opposite alternate or whorled, linear, entire or toothed. outer tubular
axillary, monæcious or diecious. Mars ri. Perianth an OU”, adnate
or inflated entire or 4-fid tube and a hyaline inner. Stamen ^

v es

Naias CLXX. NAIADACEEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 569

to the inner perianth, apiculate or cuspidate, l-4-celled. Fem. perianth 0,
ot hyaline and adherent to the carpel. Carpel 1, sessile, l-ovuled ; stigmas
slender; ovule basilar, erect, anatropous. Achene oblong. Seed
i ane very thin ; embryo straight.—Species about 10, temperate and
ical.

The Indian species of this genus require a very close examination, which I regret
&y I have not materials in flower and fruit sufficient to enable me to undertake.

. LS. major, A//. Fl. Pedem. ii. 221; stem terete toothed, leaves
fo almost pinnatifidly toothed, teeth triangular, base hardly dilated,
nes solitary, anther 4-celled. Kunth Enum. ii. 112; Nees Gen. FI.
ES ul. t. x.; in Linnea, ix. t. 7, and x. t. 1; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v.
- N. fucoides, Griff. Notwl. ii. 184; Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 251, f. l. N.
mancata, Del. py. Egypt. 281. N. spinosa, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5182.

pe oughout India, in fresh and brackish water, ascending to 8000 ft. in Western
ÜEYLoN.—DisrRrB. Europe, Asia, Africa. .
tem terete, branched. Leaves 3-1} in., teeth 4-8 on each side, dorsally spinous ;
th with rounded entire sides. Flowers diccious; invol. of male oblong, 2-3-
* Carpel oblong, stigmas 2-3, filiform. Achene 3';-$ in.

he &raminea, Del. Fl Egypt. 282, t. 50, f. 3; leaves narrowly
“ar or subulate acuminate flaccid acutely many-toothed, basal auricles
atthe nceolate toothed on both margins, flowers fascicled moncecious,
agus Peeled. Kunth Enum. iii.115; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v.28; A. Braun
ly. 7^ Journ. Bot. ii, (1864) 278, f. 5. N. seminuda, Grif. Notul. iii.
td le, Pl, Asiat. t. 251, f. 2, and t. 253, 254. N. semistipula, Balb. Fl. Ticin.
Pe outlinia alzanensis, Pollin. Fl. Veron. iii. 49. Fluvialis indica,
"Te Wall, Cat. 5183 B,

pe nsbout INDIA in still fresh water, and CEYLoN.—DisTRIB. the Old World

— 1-2 ft. Leaves 2-1 in., usually whorled, broader, more transparent and
acutely toothed than is N. minor.

SH, minor, All. Fl. Pedem. ii. 221; leaves very narrowly linear
nj. ely toothed basal auricles rounded or truncate toothed rarely acute
113 y e, flowers fascicled moncecious, anther l-celled. Kunth Enum. iii.
Aa vi Gen. Fl. Germ. iii. t. x.; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v.28. N. dichotoma,
I pj. Ind. iii. 749. N. ternata, Rozb. ez Griff. Notul. iii. 183; Griff.
and : Asiat. t. 252. N. indica, Cham. in Linnea, iv. 501. Caulinia indica,
slg Déif, Willd. in Mem. Acad. Berl. (1798) 89. C. indica, Wall. Cat.

; n part,

Fej, Shout INDIA and Crrton, in still sweet water.—DrisTRIB. Old World

Më very slender, much branched. Leaves spreading, or the upper recurved,

more » hardly J, in. broad, green or brown when dry.—There may be two

ge i ^ in India under the above name. The other plant under Wallich's
ara,

tent N. falciculata, A. Braun in Seem. Journ. Bot. ii. (1864) 278, f. 4;
the inner , “eaves as in N. minor, but auricles falcately incurved entire or
Map Margin entire the outer toothed.
ath at Tuticor een, Wight.—D1sTRIB. Philippine Islands.

| grea
delt doubt this being distinct from N. minor, amongst numerous specimens
wa) find some with basal auricles very like those figured by Braun as falci-

570 CLXX. NAIADACEE,. (J. D. Hooker.) [Waias.

INDETERMINABLE SPECIES,

N. TENUIS, A. Br. (not Z. tenuis, Reut. Cat. Jard. Gener., 1854) is a plant
from Behar alluded to by Magnus in his “ Beitrag. Gatt. Naias," Vorwort, p. Vi,
and refers probably to a form of N. minor as above diagnosed.

N. HETEROMORPHA, Griff. ew Voigt Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 694. A Serampore
specimen so named in Herb. Kew, by Griffith, has a very long laxly leafy stem, the
long toothed leaves have no auricles, or most minute toothed ones. It is not in
flower or fruit. .

N. RIGIDA, Griff. Notul. iii, 181. I cannot identify any Indian species with
this. Itis a native of Serampore, described as blackish green when dry with fleshy
rigid leaves, Some specimens included under N. minor answer to the colour.

7. CYMODOCEA, Konig.

Submerged marine plants; rootstock rigid, jointed, creeping. Leaves
oblong or linear; sheaths stipular. Flowers axillary, uni- or bi-sexual,
in membranous sheaths. Perianth 0. Mare FL. Anthers 2, elongata,
connate, stipitate, slits extrorse; pollen confervoid. FL. FEM. Carpels 2,
subsessile, ovoid, compressed, l-ovuled; style short, stigmas, subulate
recurved; ovule pendulous, orthotropous. Fruit of 2 ovoid coriaceous Ke
woody and externally succulent carpels. Seed pendulous; testa thick;
embryo inflexed.—Species 4 or 5, Indian and Pacific Oceans. vt

As this sheet was parsing through the press, I received from Dr. Trimen 2 list 2
the Ceylon Halophytes known to him, and in which I find Cymodocea serrulata (true
and C. australis. And amongst the Zydrocharidec, there are to be added at p-
of vol. v., Halophila Beccarii, Asch., and Thalassia Hemprichii, Asch.

L C. ciliata, Ehrenb. ex Aschers. in Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berl.
(1867) 3; in Linnea xxxv. 162; leaves 3-6 by 3-4 in. linear falcate, tp
rounded ciliate-serrulate. Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 93; Benth. Fl. Austral. -
178; Aschers. in Sitzb. Bot. Ver. Brandb. (1882) 98. Thalassia ciliata,
Kön. Ann. Bot. ii. 97; Kunth Enum. iii. 190. Posidonia serrulate, 27^
Enum. 333. Zostera ciliata, Forsk. Fl. Aigypt. Arab. 157.

ANDAMAN Istps., Prain. CEYLON, Gardner, Harvey.—DistR. of the genus. nd

Stem or rhizome 3-12 in., woody, branched, covered with annular scars.
frt. unknown.

2. €. serrulata, Aschers. & Magn. in Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. P v. Bert
(1867) 3; leaves 4-6 by 1-1 in. linear nearly straight, tip entire OT x
culate. Posidonia serrulata, Spreng. Syst. i. 181.

CEYLON, Thwaites (C.P. 3056).—DısTRIB, of the genus.

I have seen no Ceylon flowering or fruiting specimens.

3. C. iseetifolia, Aschers. l.c.; in Linnea, l.c. 163; and in Nuot.
Giorn. Bot. ii. 182 ; stem short, leaves terete fleshy grooved tip Sech,
Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 22; Benth. Fl. Austral. vii. 178. C. sequorea; A"
Enum. iii. 118 (excl, Syn.) ; Thw. Enum. 333.

SOUTH CARNATIC; at Tuticoreen, Wight.’ CEYLON, Harvey,
Indian Ocean.

Leaves 3-5 by 25-7; in., glaucous. Flowers in dichotomous cymes.

, 4. C. australis, Trim. Cat. Ceylon Pl. 99; leaves 5-7 byt
linear nearly straight tip rounded or truncate and 3-toothed. inh. M
australis, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii, 227. Diplanthera tridentata, D Arab.

Ann, Sc. Nat. Ser. ii. ix. 98. Jp an, o Fl. Boypt:
cxx. and 157. 1x. 98. Zostera uninervis, Fors

GQlenie.— DISTRI.

in.

Cymodocea.] CLXX. NAIADACEE, (J. D. Hooker.) 571

Dron, fid. Ascherson.— DisTRIR. of the genus.
have seen no Ceylon Specimens, and regard the identification of all the above
taumerated species but C, isetifolia, as provisional only,

Order CLXXI. ERIOCAULEZE.

, Marsh or aquatic scapigerous herbs. Leaves narrow. Flowers very
lute, m involucrate heads, bracteate, unisexual, usually moncecious ;
erior. MALE FL. Sepals of 2-3 free or connate scales. Petals
equal or unequal, often very obscure, inserted on the top of a clavate
ongate stipes. Stamens 6 or fewer, some often reduced to filaments, 3
or adnate to the petals; anthers dorsified. Pistillode minute
0. Fen. FL; sepals 2-3, caducons. Petals 3 (rarely 2 or 0) persistent,
Plate or oblanceolate, usually ciliate or villous, and with a black
(e don the disk. Ovary 3, rarely 2-celled ; style short, persistent, stigmas
slender, with sometimes interposed lobes or appendages; ovules soli-
. the cells, pendulous, orthotropous. Capsule deeply 3-lobed, mem-
stolen lobes globose, loculicidal. Seeds pendulous, testa coriaceous,
late and often papillose ; embryo outside the floury albumen.—Genera
Pecies 6-700 chiefly tropical.

Ping Indian species all belong to the genus Eriocaulon, in which the anthers
Ymous and 2-celled, the stigmas without appendages, and the inner involucral
wh not radiating. They are most difficult of classification, presenting no

tive, Kee characters, that of flowers trimerous or dimerous being quite decep-

ker he leaves vary greatly in length, breadth and nervation; as do the scapes in
The sheath 'of the scape is usually membranous at the tip, but sometimes

; Vieh latter is, I think, a good character. The outer invol. bracts may be
omy E or deflexed, in the latter case they are usually hidden under the
iably ey are sometimes though hidden spreading. e male fl. -

— Pedicelled ; the fem. usually So, and this appears to afford a pretty good

pals, i as is that of the fem. petals and ovary being raised on a stipes above the
or not. The 3 male sepals may be, in the same head, connate in a funnel-
sheath split on one side, or 2, orall free. The male petals are often obsolete,

Sepala e filaments very variable in number and length in the same head, The fem.

fatter d normally 3, and are very caducous, but the anticous is usually smaller and

Dears an the others, more caducous, and often easily overlooked, when the calyx

femme, be dimerous. The fem. petals vary a good deal in breadth, length and

Se be and especially in the size and position of the gland (if present), even in Ki

ey, fad. Ten found no characters on the length of the stigmas and style, which,

in differ a good deal in different species. The seeds in some species vary a good

i te] lon, from amber-yellow to red-brown; normally they are broadly oblong,
baira f mith often papillose ridges, and most minute transverse striolations. ` The
à the head are of two kinds, white opaque stout obtuse bristles, and capillary

&y to whieh ined ones; they are sometimes intermixed, and it is often difficult to

category the hairs should be referred.

og the following Late kret BriveauZons (with which I am far from

dem m tisfied) I have been obliged to propose a good many new species. Some ?

deseri "d be described Malayan ones, of which I have seen no specimens, an he
ating 2 of which are too imperfect for their identification, I have minutely

With the 7 1208t of the old world species accessible to me, but find very few conspecific
e Indian.

A ERIOCAULON, Linn. ie deat

1 Watics. Stems elongate, branched, submerged, densely leafy,

a branches floating. Leaves. capillary. Heads very small. Invol.

td ot Very small, oblong or cuneate, glabrous. (See also E. Dalzellii at
genus.)

572 CLXXI. ERIOCAULLE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Eriocaulon.

. ical vi fl.
1. E. setaceum, Linn. Sp. Pl. 87; receptacle conical villous,
bracts cymbiform acute coriaceous glabrous black, seeds dark brovi:
Kunth Enum. iii. 550. Steud. Byn. PL. Cyp. ii. 270; Thw. Erum. 3 C
E. intermedium, Kern. in Linnea, xxvii. 601.—Rheede Hort. Mal. xu. t.
63.

MALABAR ; at Quilon, Wight. CEYLON; Walker, &c. .

Stem 2-3 ft., bin or slender, flexuous. Leaves 11-2 in., flexuous, Keen
Peduncles very many, slender, 13-3 in. ; sheath $-1 in., tip membranons. brous or
lin. diam. Male petals obscure; stamens 6; fem. sepals cymbiform, hs "pi aite
nearly so; petals narrow, ciliate, with or without a gland. Seeds oblong, q
smooth.

2. E. capillus-naiadis, Hook. f.; receptacle conical or Sie
villous, fl. bracts whitish membranous outer glabrous inner wit Will
white dorsal hairs, seeds dark olive-green or black. E. setaceum, xxvii.
Cat. n. 6077; Mart. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 29 ; Korn. in Linnza, xxvi
(excl. syn. Linn.).

; at Nonk-
BENGAL; Serampore, Grifith, Vicrampore, Clarke. Engt HILLS; at
reem, J. D. H. A T. T. Se Tavoy Pind Pegu, Wallich, Ze, The Concay,
Stocks.—DistR1B. Cochin China. nd Khasian
Closely resembles E. setaceum in habit, foliage, &c. In the Burmese a d Cochin-
specimens the fem. petals are ciliate with long hairs, in the Concan an
Chinese they are nearly glabrous.

ical

3. E. bifistulosum, Van Heurck. Obs. Bot. 105; receptacle con ant
glabrous, fl. bracts dark all with short dorsal bristles, seeds C
brown. E. setaceum, Benth. Fl. Austral. vii. 191. W. Africa

Kuasta Hrs at Myrung, alt. 5000 ft. Grifith.—DISTRIB. V.
Australia. «Corinne from both in

This is closely allied to E. capillus-naiadis and setaceum, differing f the fl
the glabrous receptacle, and from the former in the very short hairs 0 o we
bracts which are more mucronate and less membranous; the seeds M ^s in the
smaller. The fem. petals are narrow, glabrous, with minute apical glands,
Concan specimens of E. capillus-naiadis.

B. Terrestrial or marsh plants; stem rarely elongate.

the
* Petals of male fl. 3, one much the largest and protruded beyond V

n
floral bracts, rarely subequal and all protruded. vol. bracts globose `
all; floral bearded.

t Heads more than} in. diam. Receptacle villous.

e
4. E. robustum, Steud. Syn. Pl. Cyp. 271; subcaulescent, Fake
subsolitary very stout, invol. bracts ovate-oblong or lanceolate be
pale shining, sepals and petals villously bearded, fem. fl. subsessile
im Linnea, xxvii. 674. S. bracteosum, Steud. Le, 272.
Niteurrt HiILLs; alt. 6000 ft., Wight, Ee,

Rootstock often as thick as the thumb. Leaves 1-9 by }-{ in, narrow

ed to the
H .

: ining:
obtuse or rounded tip, soft, thin, opaque, very many-nerved, striate, often ane e
Scape 8 in.-3 ft., as thick as a crow-quill or less. Heads j-i in. Wi ' Janceo-
bracts many-seriate, scarious ; receptacle convex, villous; fl. bracts perta A am
late, acuminate. Flowers 3-merous ; sepals of both sexes 3, concave villous ;

: D l us.
6; fem. fl. with the ovary and petals stipitate above the sepals, stipes ee
Much the stoutest Indian species,

scent,
5. E. caulescens, Hook. f. & Thoms. Herb. Ind. Or ener
scape subsolitary from the stem or its branches, invol. bracts O

Eriocaulon. ] CLXXI. ERIOCAULLE, (J. D. Hooker.) 573

obtuse inner acute black shining, fem. fl. subsessile, sepals and petals
villously bearded. E. atratum, 8 major, Thw. Enum, 341.
aoa Wight; G. Thomson; central province, alt. 5~7000 ft., Thwaites

0, 131).

Sien simple, in young plants 3-4 in. long and as thick as the thumb, often
plously branched in old; branches 6-10 in. long, leafy throughout. Leaves 2-6
by 4-3 in., narrowed from the base to the obtuse tip, rigid, quite opaque; nerves
"try many, close, obscure. Scape stout or slender. Heads 4-2 in.; invol. bracts
th 3-seriate, fcarious; receptacle flat, villous; fl. bracts oblanceolate, acute, dark,

tly bearded ; 2 sepals of fem. fl. concave, the 3rd flat ; petals very unequal,
gonds large ; ovary with petals stipitate, stipes villous.—The only Indian much-

ched species,

H Heads 1 in. diam. or less.
$ Receptacle villous.

6. E. subcaulescens, Hook. f.; stem short stout densely leafy,
laves linear acute concave thick opaque, scapes 2-3, bracts all yellowish,
üvoluera] broadly obovate scarious, floral cuneately oblanceolate acute

*d, fem. fl. sessile, petals oblanceolate villous, ovary with petals sessile.

CEYLON; Newera Ellia, Gardner, Thwaites (C.P. 61 and 789 in Herb. Kew).

Stem 34 in., as thick as the little finger. Leaves very many, 2-3 by AA in.,
qutt, very many-nerved, quite smooth on both surfaces; sheath slightly woolly at
the base, Scape 12 im. slender. Head i-i in. diam., depressed spherical, pale ;
hale and fem, sepals 2 concave, 1 flat, all bearded ; fem. petals oblanceolate villous ;
Mary villous at the base. Seed sub-globose, smooth.—Closely resembles a Bornean

“es from Kina Balu, in which the male petals are shorter.

7. B, longicuspis, Hook. f.; stem short stout, leaves short linear-
tbulate acuminate flat thick opaque, scapes tall very slender, invol. bracts
i Ty small cuneately obovate scarious blackish, floral cuneate tip black
winded toothed and with a long black cusp, fem. fl. pedicelled, petals

dhlanceolate ciliate with the ovary long-stipitate. E. cristatum, var.
w. Enum, 34].

Cerro, Thwaites (C.P. 1002 in Herb. Kew; 789 in Thw. Enum.).

*tstock as thick as a swan's quill. Leaves 2-23 in., narrowed from the base

Sea e tip, many-nerved, obscurely striate ; sheaths obscurely woolly at the base.

ae 18-20 in weak, flexuous, Heads } in. diam., the black cusps of the fl.

D el contrasting with the white small petals; receptacle hemispheric; male fl. on

wen pedicels; sepals 3, free, tips bearded ; stamens 6; fem. petals very unequal,
Ser than the sepals, glands large.—1 have seen only one specimen of this well-

Species,

h 8. m, polycephalum, Hook. f. ; rootstock very stout, leaves elongate
ay] I Sword-shaped acuminate flat thin, scapes very many tall slender,
flo 1 bracts very small cuneately obovate scarious blackish shining,
Sex oblanceolate long-cuspidate black softly bearded, fem. fl. shortly
“na » Sepals and petals softly hairy, ovary subsessile.
TRAL ĪNDIA ; archi, Duthie. .
" votstock as thick as the middle finger. Leaves many, 2-8 by j-$ in., lower
dée » Very many-nerved, narrowed to the acuminate tip, rather glossy. Scapes
d More, 8.90 in. Heads 1-1 in. globose, ash-colrd., hairs flexuous ; receptacle
d Wei shortly villous; tips and cusps of bracts black ; male sepals 3, free; stamens
TR, sepals long, narrow; petals narrowly oblanceolate, ciliate with long soft
larger p; very handsome species, closely allied to E. longicuspis, but very much
with many scapes.

574 CLXXI. ERIOCAULLE. (J D. Hooker.) [ Eriocaulon.

9. E. odoratum, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. iii. (1851), 280; leaves
short subulate recurved 7-nerved, scapes many filiform, heads snow whit
invol. bracts short obovate-oblong obtuse scarious dark, floral cuneately
obovate bearded, fem. fl. pedicelled, sepals narrow subequal greng
petals oblanceolate villously ciliate, ovary with petals very 8 3 y
stipitate. Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 280; Korn. in Linnea, xxvi. 683.

The Concan; prov. Malwan, in stagnant water, Dalzell. . ü

Leaves 1 in., in. broad at base, narrowed thence to the finely weie Op
translucent. Scapes 6-10 in., deeply grooved ; tip of sheath membranous. hairs ;

in. diam., globose; recept. hemispheric, shortly villous with brownish SA
fl. bracts concealed by the male petals; fem. sepals longer than the petals.—Sur
strongly of chamomile, Dalzell.

10. E. atratum, Korn. in Linnea, xxvii. 610; leaves very deen
linear obtuse opaque; scape long solitary, invol. bracts cuneately * Van
black shining inner acute, floral black shortly bearded outer ormon ar
obovate very shortly cuspidate inner narrow cuneate acute, fem. fl. sessile,
petals oblanceolate villous.

CEYLON; Gardner (n. 972). ;

Densely tufted. M s in., erect or spreading from an erect base, AA
broad, sheaths woolly at the base, nerves very many, close. Scapes 1 ft. an We
Heads X in. diam., hemispheric; invol. bracts convex, rigid, incurved ; inner ed
black above the middle; recept. hemispheric, densely villous ; male fl. pedice 2»
stamens 6; fem. subsessile; 2 sepals of fem. coneave, narrow flat; ovary nich be
base hairy.—1 am rather doubtful of this being Koernicke's E. atratum, w. rin
describes from a specimen in the Berlin Herb. as being stouter than E. wen
and broader leaved. It is most like the Khasian cristatum of the Ceylon specie

$8 Receptacle glabrous or nearly so (or villous in E. cristatum, var’).
1L E. cristatum, Mart. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. sii. 28; Cat. H
densely tufted, leaves erect 3-0 in. narrowly linear flat tip pci as
opaque many-nerved striate, scapes 1 or more rigid about twice as © s
the leaves, heads snow-white, invol. bracts cuneately obovate edge m. f.
black, floral dark broadly obcuneate acute very shortly bearded, ovary
shortly pedicelled, petals narrowly oblanceolate villously ciliate,
sessile. Korn. in Innnea, xxvii. 609.
Kuasa Hues: alt. 4-5000 ft., common. A
Leaves j;—j, in. broad, narrowed to the obtuse tip; sheaths short, not Aue
at the base. Scapes rigid, deeply grooved. Heads }-} in. diam., black an brons,
invol. bracts coriaceous ; floral rather rigid; receptacle flat or convex, quite, tatum d
or very sparsely hairy. Seeds oblong with papillose ridges.— The duda
Benth. Fl. Hongk. differs in the equal or subequal male petals. robably
Var. Mack: leaves broader, receptacle densely villous.—Assam (p
Khasia) Mrs. Mack.—Perhaps a different species. .
Q at. 6080;

12. E. melaleucum, Mart. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 235 bsolitary»
leaves 1-2 in. subulate acuminate 3-7-nerved opaque, scapes SU»? acute,
invol bracts membranous black, outer obovate-oblong obtuso, linear
floral acuminate black thickly bearded, fem. fl. subsessile, peta S with
villously ciliate tipped with short white bristles, glands 0, ovaty
petals subsessile. Kunth Enum. iii. 568; Kern. in Linnea,
E. leucomelas, Steud. Nom. Ed. 2,1.585; Syn. Pl. Oyp- 272; E.

gulare, Herb. Heyne.
Kont He, Heyne, Schmidt. ARRAKAN, King. "T sheath
Leaves translucent, recurved, more opaque in Schmidt’s specim

nd wbite;
glabrous at base. Scape strongly grooved. Head j in. diam. bla .

quinqua?"

Friocaulon.] CLXXI. ERIOCAULLE. (J. D. Hooker.) 575

d, bracts at; length reflexed shining; receptacle subglobose; male sepals 3 free or
Zeonnate, odd petal shortly protruded ; fem. sepals narrow, as long as the petals, 2
"te concave 3rd flat ; ovary and petals very shortly stipitate.—Very near E. atratum
m which the recept. is villous, and the odd petal of male fl. not protruded. The
peamens are few and poor, except King's. Koornicke describes the recept. as villous,
bat it is decidedly glabrous in Wallich’s specimen.

„B. B. mitophylum, Hook. f.; densely tufted, leaves 2-3 in. almost

lorm from a broad sheathing base acuminate flattened opaque, scape

as long as the leaves, heads very small hemispheric, invol. bracts

sp obovate-oblong obtuse black, floral black cuneately obovate

obtuse very shortly bearded, fem. fl. sessile, petals oblanceolate obtuse
Tilously ciliate.

an Hints ; Myrung, alt. 5000 ft. Grifith (Kew Dist. 5578, 5580) ; Jaintea,
» Clarke.

s flaccid, 5-7-nerved ; sheath not woolly at the base. Sheath of scape not
lacerate at the mouth. Heads 1-1 in. diam., white and black ; invol. bracts 3—4-
ite, at length lacerate, not shining; receptacle globose; sepals of male 3, free;

te tips bearded; odd petal shortly exserted ; fem. sepals 2 concave 3rd flat;
Wei Very shortly Stipitate.— Perhaps a form of E. miserum, but the large leaf-
are very different, and the receptacle is globose.

* AS, miserum, Kern. in Linnea, xxvii. 607 ; densely tufted, leaves

dé short capillary or 0, scape solitary very long filiform, heads very small
e, outer invol. bracts orbicular-oblong obtuse coriaceous lacerate

Pale brown or black, floral oblanceolate acute bearded, male petals sub-

i fem. fl. sessile, petals subequal spathulate villous. E. cristatum,

tr. in Wall, Pl, As. Rar. iii. 28; and Cat. 6070 (in part).

quin; Bruce (Herb. Wall.); Kuasta Hiris, in river sand, alt. 2500 ft.,

Rootstocks matted, 1-2 in. long, slender clothed with capillary roots. Leaves
deeply in., much shorter, or 0 in Clarke’s specimens. , Scapes 12-18 in. flexuous, not
tmon Ted, tips of sheaths membranous. Head 1-iin. diam., grey-white; fl. brac

y the male petals ; invol, bracts 2-3-seriate ; receptacle slender, columnar `
D wv bearded, petals subequal or one longest ; fem. sepals 2 oblong eymbiform
Wen, all bearded ; ovary with petals sessile or very shortly stipitate.—Wallich's

ens are young and imperfect.

Ke: E. Collettii, Hook. f. leaves short broadly subulate acuminate
tdg many-nerved, scapes tall slender, heads globose snow-white, invol.
late ‘very small linear-oblong obtuse membranous pale, floral oblanceo-
thay cute, petals of male fl. subequal, fem. fl. sessile, sepals much shorter

n the petals which are villous and with the ovary shortly stipitate. |

"FER BURMA; Shan Hills, alt 4000 ft., Codlett. .
Seren) 7 13 by Lin, narrowed om the base to the tip, opaque, striate. Scapes

NH 6-grooved ; sheaths rather short. Heads }-} in. diam.; invol. bracts

» pale or dark, at length reflexed and concealed under the flowers; recep-

Me peta) E 7 fl. bracts much shorter than the flowers, male sepals truncate bearded,

Es largest; fem. sepals much shorter than the petals, of which 2 are oblong
Concaye tip bearded, the 3rd flat; petals oblanceolate, glands large.

l D se a D
"ey VI breviscapum, Kern. in Linnea, xxvii. 676 ; leaves (floating P)

ie (S, Pérap-sh id, scape solitary, head broadly hemi-
e (or globose P) invo bracts few very small oblong obtuse scarious
villon foral oblanceolate acute shortly bearded, fem. fl. subsessile, sepals
Petals bearded , petals oblanceolate villous with long hairs, ovary wit
“hortly stipitate.

576 CLXXL ERIOCAULLA. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Eriocaulon,

INDIA; Huegel. N. Canara, Tinai Ghat, alt. 2000 ft., in streams and pools,
Talbot. . Ylnerved

Stem very short. Leaves6-18 by 1—i in., exactly linear, opaque, 7- ele
nerves very slender. Scape shorter or longer than the leaves; sheath 2-23 in., tip
obtuse membranous. Heads jin. diam., black and white, rather few-fid. ; wi
tacle convex, glabrous; invol. bracts green, much shorter than the floral ; eg
sepals densely bearded, petals villous, one much largest; stamens 6; fem. pes
short oblong concave, tips truncate bearded ; petals subequal, glands large. ers
very minute, subglobose, pale yellowish, shining.—Male petals and stamens som
times sessile between the sepals, the conical stipes being very sbort or 0.

** Petals of male fl. subequal, or one rather larger, often very obscure,
none produced beyond the floral bracts.

+ Involucral bracts woolly or hairy (sometimes glabrous in E. Brown
anum). Receptacle villous in all.

l7. E. Wightianum, Mart. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 28; Cat. e
tall, stout, leaves broadly linear or ensiform, tips obtuse, heads gto d
snow-white, invol. bracts pale cuneiform reflexed tips truncate or roun e
floral oblanceolate acuminate strongly cuspidate villous, male Deeg
small subequal, fem. fl. sessile, sepals narrow concave, bearded, E
obovate or oblanceolate villous with very long hairs, ovary sessile. an 58
Enum. iii. 563; Steud. Syn. Pl. Cyp. 271; Korn. in Linnea, xxvi.
(excl. syn.) E. sexangulare, Herb. Heyne.

TENASSERIM, Wallich, &c. Preu, Kurz. The Concan, Stocks, &c. ks:
ascending to 7000 ft. (C.P. 378, 3382). . )

Rootstock often as thick as the thumb. Leaves 4-10 by i m. (and pri
glabrous or sparsely hairy, many-nerved. Scapes many, stout, ribbed and wee
grooved ; sheaths with long free green tips. Heads } in. diam., subsquarrose ect
the prominent tips of the fl. bracts; invol. bracts coriaceous at the base; Ver Am
convex villous; flowers pedicelled; male petals minute in the Tenasserim Karger
small subequal in the Concan ; stamens 6. Seeds globosely oblong, dark red-
papillose.—Fem. fl. sometimes 4-merous.

18. E. Brownianum, Mart. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 25, tM
Cat. 6066; tall, slender, leaves narrowly linear or ensiform acr ote or
glabrous or hairy, scapes solitary very tall, heads 4 in. diam. glo rigid
hemispheric snow-white, invol. bracts obovate-oblong or cuneiform Tate
spreading at length reflexed, outer floral cuneiform inner spat wit
obtuse, male petals small, fem. fl. pedicelled, petals narrow villous :
very long straight hairs, ovary subsessile. Kunth Enum. iii. 562; Steud.
Syn. Pl. Cyp. 271; Kern. in Linnma, xxvii. 663. E. nilagirense,

Le: Korn. l.c. 661.

KmasiA HiLLS, alt. 4-6000 ft, common. MuxwiPonz, Watt. Sai?
Hrs, Wight, Gardner. CEYLON, Gardner, ascending to 7000 ft., Thwaites
377, 1001). Jabrous
Rootstock stout. Leaves 6-18 by 4-4 in., many-nerved, and scapes E sheath
pubescent or copiously hairy. Scape 1-2 ft., ribbed and deepiy groov beneath,
very long, tip acuminate green. Heads sometimes depressed and concave
the stiff pale or dark invol. bracts 3 A in. long, equalling the flowers ; ad fem.
flat or convex; male sepals free or connate, tips bearded, petals subequb ;
sepals cymbiform, dorsally hirsute, acute or cuspidate. Seeds oblong Or gu
papillose and striate.-—The hairs of the fem. petals are much longest 10 the
plant.

Eriocaulon. | CLXXI ERIOCAULEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 577

19. E. sericans, Mart. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 29; Cat. 6079;
leaves short subulate, scapes 1-2 slender, heads 1 in. diam. globose snow-
white, invol. bracts oblong pale yellow scarious not reflexed tips rounded,

cuneate-obovate acute pubescent tips of outer glabrous, male sepals
small orbicular, fem. fl. pedicelled, sepals narrow concave, petals oblan-
colate ciliate, ovary with petals very shortly stipitate or sessile. Kunth
Enum. iii. 568; Steud. Syn. Pl. Cyp. 272. E. gracile, Mart. Le: Wall.
(ut. 6079; Kunth l.c. 558. E. infirmum, Steud. Lc. 270.

Burma ; at Prome and Tavoy, Wallich.
Rootstock small. Leaves i-l in., erect and recurved, 3-5-nerved, opaque.
es 4-grooved ; sheath short, tip acuminate green. Heads very pale; invol.
shining, pubescent ; receptacle small, hemispheric; flowers pedicelled ; male
» narrow, free or 2 connate bearded; petals unequal; fem. petals unequal,
glands 0. Seeds globosely oblong, papillose.—I have no doubt as to the specific
| OL sericans with gracile; Koernicke unites the former with Wighti-
wm, it is certainly very close, but the heads are much smaller; the male petals
‘get and fem. broader. The ovary with petals is sessile in gracile very shortly
Pitate in sericans. The specimens are very few.

t 20. E. lanceolatum, Mig. in Pl. Metz exsicc.n.131; leaves narrowly
ilong-lanceolate many-nerved translucent, scapes many slender, sheath
"ein above tip green, heads globose 1 in. diam. snow-white, invol.
thee 8 small pale quadrate or obovate scarious not reflexed, male petals
ne, fem. fl. sessile, sepals 2 deeply cymbiform 3rd flat all bearded,
ip. 8 very unequal oblanceolate ciliate, ovary with petals sessile. Steud.
da Cyp. 271; Korn. in Linnea, xxvii. 656.
The Concan and Canara, Metz, Stocks. .
"ih ootstock small. Leaves 1-2} by i-i in., acute or acuminate, flaccid, hardly
Ast Scapes 4-6 in., not deeply grooved; sheath very slender below, inflated
inc. the middle, tip acuminate, Heads very like those of E. sericans, as are the
and seeds.—One of the fem. sepals is sometimes winged at the back.

H Involucral and floral bracts both glabrous or nearly so.
3 Receptacle glabrous or sparsely hairy.

ĉl. E. Sieboldianum, Sich Zucc. ex Steud. Syn. Pl. Cyp. 272;
Haves short subulate or setaceous, déet vary many, heads small globose
i » Sracts all scarious, invol. oblong obtuse gradually passing into
l- > 9ng-lanceolate subacute shining floral, fem. fl. long-pedicelled, sepals
Wal ender or 0, petals 0, ovary long-stipitate. E. sexangulare, Mart. in

Pl. As, Rar. iii, 28. E. hexangulare, Kunth Enum. ii. 551; Thw.
B “m. 94]; Steud. l.c.; Kern. in Linnea, xxvii. 613; Dalz, & Gibs.
ir FI. 279 ; Wall. Cat. 6073. E. setaceum, Herb. Heyne. E. nitidum
tenue, Herb. Ham.

Om RoUGn oU INDIA ; from Kashmir to Assam and Burma, and southward to
dus D. 795).—DrsTR1E. China, Japan, Mt. Philipp. -
d. Leave i -5- rarely A, in. broad, opaque or translucent.

Gë slender sheath shag. eds d um din? pale whitish or purplish ; invol.
py, ee ing or ascending, much shorter than the head; receptacle columnar,
With a VI Sparsely hairy ; fl. bracts imbricating upwards, closely appressed, often
8. wn ` PUrplish central band; male sepals 3, petals minute, stamens 1-6 ;
Mary, CH a long stipes above the sepals which is jointed between the sepals and
» eeds minute, red-brown, quite smooth.—Closely allied to Australian E.

VI. Pp

578 CLXXI. ERIOCAULEM. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Eriocaulon.

cinereum, Br., which has a villous receptacle. As ascertained by Trimen (Linn. Sov.
xxiv. 136) from the examination of Hermann’s Herbarium, the E. sewangulare 7
Linneus is E. Wallichianum of Martius. In Herb. Linn. E. secangulare bears i
right name; where there is also a specimen of E. Sieboldianum, from Konig;
unnamed.

22. E. Duthiei, Hook.f.; leaves very short broadly subulate, scape
many very slender, heads } in. diam. broadly ovate or hemisphere pe
bracts spreading oblong obtuse scarious shining passing into i : a
linear-oblong or oblanceolate acuminate glabrous glistening floral, tem. 1i.
shortly pedicelled, sepals 2 very narrow, petals 3 filiform.

CENTRAL PRoviNCES ; Bhimkund, in the Khandma district, Duthie. lv black

Leaves 4-3 in., many-nerved. Scapes 2-5 in.; sheath short. Heads near Y (ds the
glistening ; fl. bracts strongly incurved, sometimes obscurely pubescent towa elle;
tips; receptacle very tall and slender, quite glabrous; flowers shortly pedio mE
male sepals 2, narrow, subacute, glabrous; petals very obscure; stamens 9;
with the petals stipitate. Seeds broadly oblong, quite smooth, yellow.

23. Ei. alpestre, Hook.f.& Thoms. Herb. Ind. Or.; leaven broadiy
or narrowly subulate, scapes very many short stout, heads broadly o ceous
few-fld., invol. bracts suberect as long as the flowers cuneiform coe tuse
floral obovate-oblong, fem. fl. sessile, sepals oblong cymbiform | 1
glabrous, petals 3 subequal obovate coriaceous glabrous glands apica
kiusianum, Maxim. in Herb. Hort. Petrop. D.H

SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 8-12,000 ft., and Knuet Hie, alt, 5-6000 ft., J. D. ^^^
Clarke.—DıstRIB. W. China, Japan. +o the acute tip,

Leaves very many, 1-5 by 4-4 in., narrowed from a broad base tot pw leaves,
few or many-nerved, usually spreading. Scapes shorter or longer tban ck; floral
often flexuous. Heads } in. diam. or less; invol. bracts yellowish and bia truncate,
black, coriaceous ; receptacle small, convex, glabrous; male sepals i ed; ovary
glabrous; petals obscure; stamens 6; fem. petals white, shortly D An ui-
with petals sessile. Seeds large, oblong, yellowish or dark, quite smooth.
usually well-marked species by the glabrous coriaceous fem. petals.

T 9 ;

24. E. truncatum, Ham. ex Mart. in Wall. Pl. As. NUS
Wall. Cat. 6076 ; leaves 1-2 in. subulate, scapes many stout, hear scarious
diam. hemispheric, invol. bracts cuneate spreading shining, flora d, sepals
obovoid tip concave truncately rounded glabrous, fem. fl. pediee: Wel ovary
2 narrow, petals 3 filiform or very narrowly oblanceolate cuia D 270;
with petals stipitate. Kunth Enum. iii. 555; Steud. Syn. Pl. CYP: een
Kern, in Linnæa, xxvii. 631; Thi. Enum. 341 (excl. syn.. E?

Ham. Leucocephala spathacea, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 613. C.P. 799).

AssaM, BENGAL, BURMA, and southward to MaALACCA and CEYLON (C.E.
—Disrris. Malay and Philippine Islands, China.

Leaves } in. broad at the base or less, acuminate, few- or many-n
1-4in. Heads glistening; invol. bracts sub-2.seriate; floral incur rent; Pe
cating; receptacle conical, sparsely hairy; male sepals free or CO b: petals very
minute, ciliate; fem. fl. long-pedicelled, sepals concave or linear and ret Ro
variable in breadth. Seeds pale, ribs papillose.—This is unquestionably
Leucocephala spathacea, of which he had a good drawing made. ile, petals

Var. malaccense ; floral bracts broader, flowers of both sexes bi e arger-
broader and more coriaceous, gland apical, ovary with petals stipitata Possibly 3

Malacca, Grifith (Kew Distrib. 5567); at Kwala Pehang, Ridley.—
different species.

§§ Receptacle more or less villous.

Eriseaulon.] CLXXI. ERIOCAULEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 579

25. E. oryzetorum, Mort. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 28; Wall. Cat.
6069; leaves ensiform, scapes many short or tall, heads yellow globose or
ovoid, bracts all scarious hyaline, invol. oblong obtuse passing into the
tuneate-obovate cuspidate densely imbricate floral, fem. fl. shortly pedi-
celled, petals slender, Kunth. Enum. iii. 552; Steud. Syn. Pl. Cyp. 270;

ern. in Linnea, xxvii. 639. E. Hamiltonianum, Mart. l.c. 29; Wall.
Cat. 6075; Kunth l.c.

Tropioar HIMALAYA, from Kumaon to Sikkim; Assam, SILHET, PEGU,
9T4 NAGPORE, SINGAPORE and PENANG.

tstock short, stout, or 0. Leaves 1-3 by 31-4 in., spongy, very many-nerved,

lrtowed to a truncate coriaceous tip. Scapes 8-18 in. (shorter in dwarf states),

flexuous, Heads i-i in. diam., straw-colrd., base intruded; receptacle conical

E columnar, densely villous; male sepals 2, tips fimbriate or glabrous; petals

mante or O; stamens 6; fem. fl. pedicelled, sepals 3, slender, caducous; petals

to oblanceolate, naked or ciliolate, caducous ; ovary with petals stipitate

Zoe the sepals. Seeds pale yellow, very minute, smooth.—Z. Hamiltonianum is

y an immature state of oryzetorum.

ET. E. stellulatum, Kern. in Linnea, xxvii. 620; leaves mem-
b nous broadly subulate or linear, scapes many hairy, heads globose,
us many times longer than the flowers white scarious stel-
tely Spreading and finely acuminate, involucral ovate-lanceolate, floral
Trowly lanceolate, fem. d. sessile, petals oblanceolate ciliate with long
» Ovary with petals sessile.
D Concan, Hugel, Stocks. ? BENGAL (Herb. Kew). .
caves 1-2 in, by i-i in. broad at the base, tapering to a point, very many-
Scapes 2-7 in., hairs spreading; sheaths shorter than the leaves, tips long
tae inte, Heads in. diam., perfectly glabrous except the conical recep-
v and ciliate fem, petals; male sepals 2, free or connate, glabrous, hyaline ; petals
ji Short ; stamens 6; fem. fl. sessile; sepals 3, dimidiate-ovate falcately incurved
nme slender recurved points, dorsally crenately winged, petals narrowly ob-
late, ciliate. Seeds dark chesnut, smooth.

2". m. echinulatum, Mart. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 29; Wall.
iuo 082; leaves subulate opaque finely acuminate, scapes many obscurely
wel heads small globose, bracts all white rigid stellately spreading
lox te-lanceolate, floral many times longer than the dimerous subsessile
Pi Ex Ovary with petals stipitate. Kunth Enum. iii. 568; Steud. Syn.

"YP. 272; Korn, in Linnea, xxvii. 919.

AVOY ; Mergui, Gomez, Grifith.—DistR1B. Tonkin, China. l
nates many, ł-1 Dn, spongy. Scapes rather stout, 1-5 in.,

, shining 3 Sheath short. Heads i-i in. diam., straw-colrd.; invol. bracts

» Narrowed into a slender rigid point; floral longer, narrowed at the base;

: f € villous; male sepals connate, glabrous ; petals minute, deformed ; stamens
widd] em, sepals falcately lanceolate, clawed, dorsally crenately winged below the

ns spinulose-serrate ; petals 0.

` E. minutu k. f.; very small, leaves subulate or filiform
"x Or obtuse, sca Ded es däi sheaths membranous and inflated above,
team inate subglobose few-fld. pale, invol. bracts erect ovate-lanceolate
ile © Scarious, floral oblanceolate acute or cuspidate, fem. fl. subses-
With Seals falcate winged or keeled, petals 1-3 very slender or 0, ovary
Petals sessile or substipitate.
Duthie Concay, Law. Mysore, Sir F. Adams. RAJPUTANA, on Mt. Aboo, Stocks,

Pp2

580 OLXXI. ERIOCAULEZ. (J. D. Hooker) ` [Zriocaulon.

Densely tufted. Leaves 4-3 in., compressed, opaque, 3-5-nerved, base, dilated
and sparsely woolly within. Scapes 14-23 in., capillary, flexuous ; al which are
Heads +}, in. diam., shining; invol. bracts much longer than the or: b ale calyx
glabrous or sparsely hairy ; receptacle small, columnar, sparsely villous ; d fen.
infundibular, split on one side, tips bearded; petals minute ; stames labrous,
sepals 2, with rarely a filiform 3rd, falcately incurved with recurve ree S ts very
keel or wing spinulose. Seeds oblong.—Resembles E. achiton, but invol.
different.

+++ Involucral bracts glabrous, floral bearded villous or pubescent.
§ Receptacle glabrous or sparsely hairy.

; : leaves long,
29. E. sexangulare, Linn. Sp. Pl. 87; tall, stout, '
scapes many tall, heads conoid or hemispheric hard hoary base S
invol. bracts coriaceous subquadrate or orbicular, floral persis a &liform
imbricate spathulate cuspidate rigid, fem. fl. sessile, petals 8 E Wallichi-
with a terminal pencil of hairs, ovary with petals subsessile. Kanth Enum.
anum, Mart. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 26, t. 249; Cat. 6068 ; LS n. Cup.
ii. 564; Nees in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. xix., Suppl. i. 449 ; Steu ibe Bomb.
271; Keern. in Linnea, xxvii. 687; Thw. Enum. 341; Dalz. & la e, Lour.
Fl. 980; Trimen in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxiv. 136. E. quidranguiare,
Fl. Cochinch. 77.

c RA

TENASSERIM, southward to MALACCA ; and the DECCAN PENINSULA, ys CA ada-
southwards. CEYLON, Macrae, Ze, (C.P. 220).—DisTRIB. Tropica >
ascar. : in. broad at
s Kootstock as thick as the little finger or less, Leaves 4-12 1N., à ud ko
the base, flat, narrowed up to the acuminate or subacute tip, meli acuminate, not
striate, drying brown. Scapes up to 18 in., stiff; tips of sheaths izontal, rigid,
membranous. Heads À in. diam. or less; invol. bracts shining, ori columnar oF
appressed ; floral dark, rigid, with white tips; receptacle glo we connate, one
hemispheric, sparsely shortly pilose; flowers flat; male sepals free form incurv
sometimes dorsally winged, petals minute; fem. sepals 3, 2 2 subglobose oF
acute dorsally crenately winged or not, 3rd linear, narrow. See il the leaves are
oblong, the ridges papillose.—In some Concan specimens from Dalze sv small.
$-i in. broad, linear, flaccid, quite translucent, and the heads very
Australian E. australe, Br., hardly differs. petals

i us

VAR. longifolium ; more slender, leaves often longer, fem. fl. pua id. ez
sparsely hairy from the middle upwards, E. longifolium, Nees in Willd. Herb.—
Kunth l.c. 567; Steud. Le: Korn. l.c. 690. E. sexangulare,
Tenasserim, Malacca, the Andaman Islands, and Ceylon.

+ is longate,

30. E. Dalzellii, Kern. in Linnea, xxvii. 605; rhizome spheric
leaves very slender finely acuminate, scapes many, heads blong, flora
white villous, invol. bracts scarious obovate- or oner: slender,
hyaline oblanceolate subacute, fem. fl. pedicelled, sepals 2. : ovary Wi
petals 3 narrowly oblanceolate ciliate with flexuous hairs, (1851) 280 ;
petals stipitate. E. rivulare, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. M.
Dalz, & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 280,

SovTH Concan; in the Malwan Province, in streams, Dalzell. — illary rootlets.

Rootstock elongate, prostrate, densely clothed with tortuous o qns, T-nerved-
Leaves in a terminal tuft, 4-10 by 35-35 in., flexuous, flattened, P truded ; invo
Scapes 7-18 in., 10-grooved. Heads } in. diam., base truncate ei hairy ; A a
bracts short, yellowish; receptacle hemispheric or columnar, sparse y us, petals sme
incurved, hairs caducous; male sepals free or connate, tips Vl flowerless very
elliptic subequal; stamens 6. Seeds globose, smooth, shining.—Som

Friocaulon.] CLXXI. ERIOCAULER. (J. D. Hooker.) 581

long leaved specimens have a leafy stem 2-3 in. long, as in Sect. A, but much
stouter, E. fluviatile, Trim. (see end of genus) is probably allied,

3l E. cuspidatum, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. iii. (1851) 281;
leaves short linear-ensiform flaccid 7-9-nerved translucent, margins
thickened, tip rounded and cuspidate, scapes several very long, heads
globose or hemispheric white villous, invol. bracts cuneiform or rounded,
scanous, floral membranous cuneate-obovate, fem. fl. sessile, sepals 3, 2
deeply eymbiform dorsally tubercled, ovary with petals sessile. Dalz. &
Gibs. Bomb. F1. 980. .

The SovruEzRN Concan; between Vingorla and Malwan, Dalzell.

, leaves 1-4 by 3-4 in., erect and recurved. Scapes few or many, 6-10 in., soft,
“iming, obscurely furrowed ; sheath much longer than the leaves, tips membranous.

i-i in. diam., base intruded ; invol. bracts yellow, passing into the hyaline
floral ; receptacle convex, quite naked ; male sepais 2, narrow, free; petals small,
subequal, fimbriate; stamens 6; fem. sepals coriaceous; petals 3, very narrow,

briately villous towards the tip. Seeds oblong, quite smooth.

ü 32. E. nepalense, Prescott ez Bong. in Act. Acad. Petrop. Ser. vi. i.
0; leaves broadly subulate or ligulate many-nerved, scapes many slender,
5 globuse grey, invol. bracts cuneate-obovate scarious at length recurved,
ral linear oblong dark obtuse or apiculate, fem. fl. shortly pedi-
» Sepals cymbiform, petals very narrowly oblanceolate ciliate with the
SAI stipitate. Kunth Enum. iii. 554; Steud. Syn. Pl. Cyp. 270. E.
wi, Kern. in Linnæa, xxvi. 637. E. quinquangulare, Wall. Cat.

t Temprrate HIMALAYA; from Garwhal, alt. 5-6000 ft., to Sikkim, alt, 4-5000
The KuasrA He alt. 4-5000 ft.
th tstock small. Leaves 2-3 by 1-1 in., usually subulate and narrowed from
è base to the acute tip, but often broader flaccid linear and obtuse or roundel at
tip, Opaque or translucent, many-nerved. Scapes 4-9 in., soft; sheaths with
di ranous tips. Head 1 in. diam.; receptacle convex or columnar, quite glabrous ;
bracts finely hairy ; male sepals 3; petals minute ; stamens 6 ; sepals very con-
be’ tips Ciliate. Seeds oblong, ribs papillose.—Very similar to E. luzulefolium
d e Invol. bracts of the fully formed head are recurved, the receptacle is
Tous. The ligulate leaved specimens look different.

er E. greg atum, Kern. in Linnza, xxvii. 606 ; dwarf, tufted, leaves
8 J slender flat acute flexueus opaque, scapes subsolitary, heads very
l emispheric or globose white or hoary, invol. bracts spreading or
in cuneiform black, floral oblanceolate obtuse and subacute dark, male
er small Subequal, fem. fl. sessile, sepals 2 dorsally bearded narrowly
obl iform 3rd flat, tips villous with stout hairs, petals spathulately
“nceolate densely villous, ovary with petals sessile.
vA HILLS; alt. . cks in streams, Griffith, Ee,
key, t of capillary finos, noc 1-1 by Je in. Seapes slender, often flexuous,
above th or 5-grooved ; sheaths with membranous tips. Heads } in. diam., white
` € black involucre; receptacle columnar, glabrous ; male sepals 3, free or
large bla Petals minute, obovate, subequal, villous; stamens 2-6 ; fem. petals with
his ack glands, Seeds broadly oblong, yellow.—Allied to E. mitophyllum an
» Dut the male petals are small and equal.

- R. Pumilio, Hook. f.; leaves very short subulate acuminate,
W short slender, KM pale green not striate subinflated tip
head 45 in. diam. few-fld. hairy, invol. bracts 3-4 erect obovate

582 CLXXI. ERIOCAULEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [Eriocaulon.

or cuneately oblong tips rounded, floral cuneately oblanceolate subacute,

fem. fl. sessile, sepals 2 oblong concave tips ciliate flat, petals oblanceo-
late ciliate, ovary with petals sessile.

WESTERN HIMALAYA; Kumaon, 3-4000 ft. and Garwhal, alt. 8-9000 ft.,
Duthie
D . . a ed è
Leaves 4—4 in., spongy, opaque, green. Scapes 1-1} in., obscurely 4-groovec;
sheath as long as the leaves, tip "membranous. Heads subglobose ; invol. bien
scarious, glistening, pale or dark ; floral dark, sprinkled with white hairs ; receptac s
small, conical, glabrous ; male sepals free, tips ciliate; petals very minute; stamen

6. Seeds oblong, pale, with papillose ridges.—Near E. achiton, but the receptacle
is quite glabrous,

§§ Receptacle villous.

35. E. luzulefolium, Mart. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iti. 28; Cat.
6071; leaves short broadly subulate many-nerved, scapes many flexuou®,
head small hemispheric pubescent base truncate and intruded, invol. brac l
spreading or erect (never reflexed) outer broadly cuneiform shining, We
cuneately oblanceolate obtuse, fem. fl. pedicelled, sepals slender cone
tipped with bristles, petals 3 linear-lanceolate ciliate, ovary with Ps

stipitate. Kunth Enum. iii. 553; Schnizl. Icon. t. 46, f. 2,5; Steud. Py»
Pl. Cyp. 270; Kern. in Linnaa xxvii. 636.

Throughout INDIA; from Bengal to Burma and the Concan, ascending the
Khasia Hills to 6000 ft., common. CEYLON, Gardner. fibrous.

Rootstock elongate and as stout as a swan’s quill, or slender, densely trans-
Leaves 1-3 by 4-1 in., narrowed from the base to the tip, opaque, Tare’y invol.
lucent. Scapes 3-12 in. slender; sheath obtuse. Heads jin. diam., pale hal or
bracts coriaceously scarious; floral dark, shortly hairy, receptacle © Wy f fem.
columnar; male sepals 2-3, tips ciliate; petals minute, obscure; pedice! $

fl. slender. Seeds oblong, yellow.— Difficult to distinguish at sight from E. trilobum
and quinquangulare.

280; Thw. Enum. 341. (excl. var.) ; Kern. in Linnea, xxvii. 646. E. Sr
teum, Mart. l.c. E. Martianum, Wall. Cat. 7279 (prolifera Herb.
E. argyreum, Steud. lc. 271. E. erythropodum, Mig. in Hohen. |

to
Throughout INDIA ; from the Upper Gangetic plain to Bursa, and southw
CEvYLoxw (C.P. 792).

; tip,
Leaves 1-4 by i-i in. ; usually narrowed from the base to the so p es
few or many-nerved, opaque or subtranslucent, often bright red when "Tin diam.»
1-4» rather stout and flexuous ; sheath short, tip membranous. He $ are many
grey when the fl. bracts are sparsely shortly villous, snow-white when ber bui
and densely villous ; invol. bracts very variable in breadth, pale, glistening f
tacle globose or columnar ; male sepals 3 or 2 or all connate, tips long-" "ie Oblong,
very small; stamens 6. Ovary usually with the petals stipitate. 8 tium and
smooth.—It is difficult to distinguish forms of this from luaulafo

tals

Eriocaulon] ` crxxi. ERIOCAULEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 583

trilobum. It is said to be Australian, but I have seen no specimen from that
country,

3. B. trilobum, Ham. in Wall. Cat. n. 6072 D; leaves broadly
mbulate or ensiform acute or acuminate many-nerved, scapes many, heads
globose dark grey base intruded, invol. bracts small linear-oblong reflexed,
oral spathulately oblanceolate obtuse or subacute, male petals minute,
fem. A. subsessile, sepals 3 dark cymbiformly oblanceolate, petals narrowl
oblanceolate sparin ly ciliate, ovary with petals sessile or subsessile.
qunquelobum, Wall. Cat. l.c.; Kern. in Linnea, xxvii. 645. E. subula-

: Byer ez Kern. l.c.. E. Sollyanum, Royle IUl. 409, t. 97. f. 1.

jreughout INDIA; from Kumaon, ascending to 4000 ft., to Bengal, the Concar
ar.

Habit of E quinquangulare, from which it is often difficult to distinguish forms,

the heads are usually smaller, much darker in colour, the invol. bracts are
harrow, the floral never acuminate or cuspidate, and the flowers are very shortly,
Vat all pedicelled, with broader concave fem. sepals that are strongly ciliate on the

^ Ovary sessile or very shortly stipitate,— Mr. Law has sent specimens of a
variety with broader leaves and the narrower lanceolate acute invol. bracts radiating
" longer than the head ; the fem. sepals too are narrower, these are accompanied

Specimens in which the invol. bracts are normal, together with intermediates.
lave seen no specimen with the conspicuous red foliage so common in £E,
fuhquangulamo,

h 3. E. Helferi, Hook. f.; leaves ensiform acute flaccid, scapes many,
tads globose or hemispheric white, invol. bracts obovate-oblong scarious
"reading or at length recurved, floral cuneately obovate acute dorsally
3 entose, male sepals 3 glabrous, petals obscure, fem. fl. sessile, sepals
oblong, 2 concave obovate ciliate, ovary with petals sessile.
NASSERIM, Helfer (Kew Dist. 5584).
hairy ves 3-4 by 3-2 in., translucent. Scapes 4-9 in., flexuous, young glabrous or
vil low; sheath acuminate. Heads jin. diam., softly tomentose; receptacle densely
owe Invol. bracts much shorter than the floral, which are much longer than the
ers; male fl. pedicelled ; sepals concave, tip hooded; stamens 4-6; fem. petals
Pos bly broad, unequal. Ovary sessile. Seeds minute, dark red-brown, strongly
te and papillose,

li 39. B. Walkeri, Hook. f. ; densely tufted, leaves narrowly subulate or
i voy few-nerved tips obtuse, heads globose snow-white, invol. bracts
late er spreading outer quadrate or cuneiform inner oblong, floral oblanceo-
Pals De or mucronate, fl. fem. sessile, sepals narrowly oblong obtuse,
adti oblanceolate villously ciliate with very long jointed spreading hairs
E ped with short stout obtuse white ones, ovary with petals sessile.
uuquangulare, var. argenteum, Thw. Enum. 341.
Lea N; at Caltura, Macrae ; in paddy fields, Thwaites (C.P. 3562).
Heads 17 1-2 by Ae in., glistening, opaque. Scapes 6-8 in., very slender.
den dei? diam. or less; invol. bracts pale, scarious; floral white, membranous
Sly villous above the middle; receptacle hemispheric, hairs as long as the hyaline

H s
Nine 3 male sepals 3 (2 connate) long-bearded, petals 3 small orbicular subequal

uS E. Thwaitesii, Kern. in Linnea, xxvii. (1854), 627 ; leaves linear
head + 9r ensiform acuminate many-nerved, scapes many twice as long,
*Rispheric dark sparsely mealy, involucre as broad as the heads,

584 CLXXI. ERIOCAULEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Eriocaulon.

bracts spreading and incurved obovate-oblong shining, floral oblanceolate
acute tips hoary, male sepals glabrous, fem. fl. pedicelled, sepals cymbiform,
petals short filiform penicillate above the middle with long spreading hairs,
ovary with petals sessile.

Nireurei HILLS; Schmidt. CEYLON, Walker, Thwaites (C.P. 790, in part). c

Leaves 1-24 by AA in., few- or many-nerved, opaque. Scapes flexuous ; tipso
sheath acuminate, not membranous. Heads 1—} in. diam. ; receptacle convex, densely
villous; fl. bracts greenish-brown scarious ; male sepals 3 (2 connate) glabrous 3
nearly so, petals very small, stamens 6 ; fem. sepals nearly glabrous, dorsally roun d
or subcarinate. Seeds oblong with papillose stria.—Well marked by the slen er
fem. petals, much like those of E. sexvangulare. The Nilghiri specimens are mue
smaller and narrower leaved than the Cingalese.

41, E. collinum, Hook. f.; leaves short narrowly linear or subulate,
scapes many, heads globose dark grey, invol. bracts small, outer very SI" .
cuneate-obovate, floral oblanceolate or spathulate acute acuminate or fen
pidate dorsally hoary or the outer glabrous, male petals 3 small one ` e
largest and exserted beyond the sepals but not beyond the bracts, ute
fl. pedicelled, sepals 2 cymbiform 3rd flat, petals narrowly oblancer »
ciliate, ovary and petals sessile or shortly stipitate. E. luzulefolium, ^f
Enum. 341. ke

NiLneuiRI HILLS, Foulkes, Schmidt, Gardner; Conoor, 7000 ftu, Claris
CEYLON; Newera Elia, Gardner, &c., alt. 4000 ft. (C.P. 796, 1000). rved

Densely tufted. Leaves 1-21 by 4-1 in., obtuse, compressed, 1 oe or
opaque or translucent. Scapes 13-12 in., rigid, flexuous ; sheath stout, equ bracts
shorter than the leaves, tip obtuse membranous. Heads } in. diam. ; invo uar
scarious, at length reflexed ; receptacle hemispheric or columnar, densely sh this
sepals of male and fem. dark.— The well developed male petals: distinguis sabe
species from the others of this section except E. Walkeri, in which they a his or
equal—In Wight’s Herbarium there are specimens (without habitat) of
a closely allied plant, smaller in size, in which the male petals are equal.

42. E, achiton, Kern. in Linn»a, xxvii. (1854), 630; small, Fac
subulate, scapes twice as long, heads very small hemispheric eege ite
bracts erect cuneiform pale, tip truncate or rounded, floral onor der,
spathulate hirsute or hoary, fem. fl. shortly pedicelled, sepals 2 s
petals 3 or 0, ovary with petals stipitate.

Knasra Hrrzs; alt. 4-5000 ft., Grifith (Kew Distrib. 5376), Clarke. filiform ;

Leaves 4-1 in., flattened, opaque, 3-5-nerved at the base. Scapes few, ract
sheath finely acuminate, tip not membranous. Heads j5-j in. diam.; nics eric,
few, coriaceous, shining; floral incurved, nearly glabrous ; recepta cle Water
villous ; flowers shortly pedicelled ; male sepals 2, narrow ; petals minute or the hairy
stamens few ; fem. sepals filiform linear or dilated and concave towards t 8
tips, petals in the most developed heads 3, narrowly oblanceolate, ciliate.

oblong, transversely striolate, red-brown.—Very near the E. nigricans,
Australia,

r. of

R irsute,
lanceolate acuminate, floral obovate-oblong or oblanceolate tips hirsu

Prowwon.]' ott. ERtocauLEx. (J. D. Hooker.) 585

NEPAL, Wallich. BENGAL, SILHET, the KHasrA HiLLs, and TENASSERIM,
mno, &c. The CoNcAN, Stocks. CHOTA NaGPORE, Clarke.—DiSTRIB. trop.

Cal annual Leaves 1-11 in., many-nerved, often recurved. Scapes striate,
Y grooved; sheath tumid, tips membranous. Heads i-i in. diam.; invol.

ae, carious, stellately spreading, pale, shining, often lacerate ; receptacle convex,

wed flowers subsessile; male sepals 3, free (or 2 connate); petals minute or

"eg ; fem. sepals rarely 3, the third capillary. Seeds much narrower than in
Other species, linear-oblong, papillose all over, pale yellow.

IMPERFECTLY KNOWN SPECIES.

Wa fluviatile, Trim. in Journ. Bot. xxiii. (1885), 270; rootstock very
de er, leaves scattered very slender, scape solitary, heads small depressed
4° Invol. bracts roundish-oval brown, floral linear-oblong with coarse
ts on the upper part, fl. dicecious? fem. sepals linear-spathulate,
narrower membranous tipped with scanty white hairs.

GIYLON ; Western province, in rapid stream, Trimen. .
$- by ged except the head; rootstock flexuous; roots copious, long. Leaves
au, about Jj in., solid, compressed, chanelled, flaccid; sheath dilated, cottony
tin, dia Scape rather shorter than the leaves; sheath not dilated, tip acute. Head
1 m, (receptacle ?).—Descr. from Trimen. The only specimen seen by me is in
"ey young state, with the flowers not available for analysis. Compare E. Dalzellii.

= CEYLANICUM, Kern. in Linnea, xxvii. 667; a foot high, stem very short,
lage evi; In. tufted linear suddenly mucronate, scapes solitary 1 in., heads rather
lidden et ic-globose woolly white 4 in. long, invol. bracts obovate at length
tale werte the head, floral cuneate-obovate submembranous pale, receptacle hairy,
cd obtuse membranous, anticous petal much largest, fem. fl. sessile, sepals
like those of the males, petals 3 spathulate obtuse spongy anticous much

Ceylon m far longer than the sepals.—Hairs of bracts and perianths obtuse.

: Herb, Berlin, — Evidently near E. atratum, but leaves mucronate.

be SURYPEPLON, Kern. Le 685; 2-3 in. high, leaves 3 in. tufted broadly
leads saj owed upwards tip obtuse membranous, scapes crowded 4-winged 13-3 in.,
inetg ales 1i-2i1 in. broad powdery pubescent and nigro-niveous, invol.
thombie. s powdery-pubescent olive-black much shorter than the heads, floral
hid, Or, neate olive-black rigid closely imbricate hiding the fl., receptacle hairy.—

e TETEROLEPIS, Steud. Syn. Pl. Cyp. 271; Korn. l.c. 972 ; tufted, stem very
hy, Cives lanceolate from a broad base subobtuse, hardly 1 in. long.—Bombay,

E
4 Ri rn, Lam. Encycl. iii.275 ; Kunth Enum, iii.; Steud. Syn. Pl. Cyp. 268 ;
Deet". Abyss, ii, 3472; Kærn. Le 633.—Ind. Or. Sonnerat. (Herb.
m. Male sepals 2, free, linear-oblong.—Perhaps a form of E. truncatum,
` more probably E. Sieboldianum. .
ihm ang ANUM, Kern, l c. 638.— Ceylon (Herb. Berol.).—Is likened to trun-
Very like Dien by its dimerous sepals, but the receptacle is shortly villous.
Rents and 4; 0722 in the head, differs in the form and number of the perianth seg-
the obtuse floral bracts, Kern.

Order CLXXIT. CYPERACEZE. By C.B. Clarke, F.R.S.

le S" Or rush-like herbs. Stems solid. Leaves 3-ranked, rarely 0 ;
the we closed. Flowers 1-2-sexual, small or minute, solitary in the Kä of
lioe "p (glumes) of the spikes or spikelets that are solitary or variously
nen, on the stem. Perianth 0, or of hypogynous bristles or scales.

' ~v, rarely more; anthers linear, basifixed on the flattened fila-

586 CLXXI. ERIOCAULEE. (J. D. Hooker.) ` [Ertocaulon.

ments. Ovary (in Caricez enclosed in a utricle) 1-celled ; style short or
slender, 2-3-cleft, branches slender stigmatic; ovule 1, basal, Sch ani a
pous. Fruit a compressed or 3-gonous nut. Seed erect, tree; e 3000
minute, inside the usually floury albumen.—Genera 60; species ,
universally distributed.

The above Ordinal character applies especially to the Indian Cuperacea, and takes

xceptions to it, which occur in extra-Indian species.

" SC GC to Mr. C. B. Clarke, F.R.S., for the following e irn of i
Indian Cyperacee. It will be observed that in it the citations of aut See
Floras have been almost restricted to those in which the species and their gd Kenth
have been first indicated or described, and to the standard works o re when
Boeckeler and Steudel (and of Boott in the genus Careg), to a goo t chic: of
acceptable, and to the various Indian Floras, monographs, &c. The vas S te Tobe and
the order, so many species of which are scattered over large areas o ` E table in
are hence described in many extra Indian works, renders this course una v» mseri
the case of a “ Flora ” which, like that of British India, must have circ
limits. I have myself supplied the following clavis.—J. D. H.

3
A. CyrEREX. Spikelets of few or many glumes; lower 1-2 gh am
empty, uppermost male empty or imperfect, intermediate one
Remirea is exceptional.

oye ed.
Tribe I. EvcreREx. Fl. glumes usually many, distichously arrang
Hypogynous bristles 0.

* Style 2-fid. (in Juncellus very rarely 3-fid.). m
Rhachilla of spikelet deciduous. . . . . . . . . . . LE tau. `
Rhachilla of spikelet persistent. Nut laterally compressed . — 2. Jo NOELLUS.
Rhachilla of spikelet persistent. Nut dorsally compressed . 3. JU

** Style 3-fid. de
Rhachilla of spikelet persistent. . . . . . . A Or T acus
Rhachilla of spikelet deciduous . e e e e sn ot nt 5. C JURTOISIA.
Spikelet much flattened. Nut narrow, otherwise as Mariscus. 6. Co

. ed.
Tribe IL Scrrrex. Fl, glumes usually many, spirally puits
Hypogynous bristles often present.

]l] near
* Style-base constricted or articulate above the nut. Leaves 4
the base of the stem. Inflorescence umbelled.

RIS.
Hypogynous bristles nearly always present. LeavesO . . . 7: ELEOCHA
Hypogynous bristles 0, Style-base persistent, or if deciduou
not leaving a tumour on the nut . PL
Hypogynous bristles 0, Style-base deciduous leaving a tumour
on the nut. Leaves with long fine hairs

8. FIMBRISTYLIS-
9. BuLBosTYLI

** Style-base passing gradually into the nut. pus
Hypogynous bristles 0-6, undivided, linear, rarely oblong . . 10. yor Honey
Hypogynous bristles 6, divided to base into linear segments . 11.

Hypogynous bristles 6 or 3, interior 3 broadly obovate (except Ni.
in F, Wallichii, Ae, .' y * Q2. FOREN

ve © e e © © © © ù œ RPHA.
Hypogynous scales 2, hyaline, elliptic, enclosing the nut . . 13. Lirocs
, , r empty
Tribe IIT. Ryncuosrorrz. Fl glumes 1 or 2, with several Wée
glumes and several upper empty or male glumes which are thin
keeled. Hypogynous bristles filiform, linear, or 0.
* Style 2-fid.

CLXXIL CYPERACEZ, (C. B. Clarke.) 587

Syle-base thickened not passing gradually into the nut . . 14. RYNCHOSPORA.
* Style 3-fid.
Lowest fertile gl. somewhat distant from the one above it. . 15. Scuanvs.
i elets panicled, 1—7-fld., lowest fl. alone perfect. . . . 16. CLADIUM.
pikelets 34. A4. uppermost fl. alone perfect. . . . . . 17. MICROSCHCENUS.
Spikelets 1.2-fid., uppermost fl. alone perfect ; hypog. scales
mg ye, 18. LEPIDOSPERMA.
Spikelets 1-2-fid, as in 18, hypog. scalesO. . . . . , . 19, GAHNIA.
Anomalous genus.

ets sessile in dense digitate cylindric spikes; glumes 4,
empty, uppermost with a perfect flower... . . . . 20, REMIREA.

B. Hyroryrres. Spikelets with one terminal fem, flower, two basal
posite male glumes, and 0-9 intercalated monandrous or empty spirally
arranged glumes,

468 COrymbose; style2-fid . . . . . 21. HYyPOLYTRUM.

Pikes corymbose 3 Style 3-fid . . . . . 22. THORACOSTACHYUM.
pikes Congested ; style 3-fid . . . . . 23. MAPANIA.

Pikes in an oblong panicle 24. SCIRPODENDRON.

Pikes in a unilateral dense spiciform panicle. . 25, LEPIRONIA.

d ëss Spikelets 1-sexual or with one basal fem. flower and one
.* male or empty glumes. Nut stipitate, osseous. Hypogynous scales
bristles 0, — "7? . priate, 26. SCLERIA.
x CanICE X. Spikelets uni- or bisexual, monccious or dicecious.
8 enclosed in an entire or 2-fid sac (utricle).
Utricle Split down one side . . ©. ^. o. 27. KOBRESIA.
e entire or 2-fid at the tip only . . . . 28. CAREX.

D D e

L EYLLINGA, Aotíb.

stem erect, simple, leafy below only, terminated by 1-3 sessile capitate
ikel. Prees ovoid or cylindric, dense, with numerous small compressed
Kc lwmes 4-5, distichous, rhacheola disarticulating above the

west which are empty; gl. iii, bisexual; gl. iv. male or empty,
we 7 fertile; gl. v. rudimentary or 0 (rarely additional upper glumes
KL Stamens 1-3, anterior; anthers linear-oblong, muticous or nearly
bn compressed laterally ; style linear, base continuous with nut;

es 2, linear.—Sp. 33; all hot and temp. regions except Europe.

* .
Nut-bearing glume not winged in the upper half of its keel.

ES trice it. Rheede);

ps, Rottb. Descr. et Ic. 14, t. 4, fig. 6 (excl, cit. Rheede);

Ch glabrous, rhizome very short, stem thickened at base, spikes 3-1

AM d 43) Subcylindrie whiteish, nut ultimately yellow-brown. Roxb. Ft.

la, 81; Nees in Wight Contrib. 91; Thw. Enum. 345; Boeck. in

(not? xxv. 413 (excl. var. B). K. monocephala, Nees in. Wight Contrib.

Lii o Rott). K. brevifolia P Hb. Heyne.—Kyllingia, Wall. Cat. 3443.
tpha, Wall, Cat. 3445, partly.

Aiea Gn W. Ixpr and Sen to BENGAL, BURMA, and CEYLON.— DisTRIB.

l

ina, ustral. .
rw 2-12 in., base tumid, Leaves as long (or half as long) as the stem, i$ in.
ead “4-4 in. in diam. ; bracts 8-4, up to 2-3 in. Spikelets cke in.

588 CLXXII. CYPERACEX. (C. B. Clarke.) [ Kyllinga.

Fertile glume ovate, keel smooth green subexcurrent, sides 3-4-striate, straw-colrd.
Stamens usually 2. Nut 2 length of glume, ellipsoid, obtuse.

2. K. cylindrica, Nees in Wight Contrib. 91, partly; nearly gla-
brous, rhizome very short, stem not thickened at base, spikes 3-1 sub-
cylindric straw-colrd., nut yellow-brown ultimately black. Boeck. m
Linnæa, xxxv. 415.—K yllingia, Wall. Cat. 3442, partly, 3443 D, partly.

Scattered widely in INDIA, not plentiful anywhere. TROPICAL HIMALAYA,
from Kumaon to Sikkim. PARASNATH, T. Anderson. CHITTAGONG, H. f. 4 T. Th.
NILGHERRIES, King. SINGAPORE, Hullett.—DISTRIB. Afric., Austral.

Stems 4-12 in. Leaves }—} in. broad, usually much shorter than stem. Head
often of 3 spikes, median cylindric 2 in. long, lateral much shorter, subovoid ; bracts
3-4, up to 2-3 in. Spikelets AA in. long. Fertile glume ovate, keel green scarcely
excurrent, sides not glandular-papillose. Mut % length of glume, ellipsoid, obtuse.

.3. K. melanosperma, Nees in Wight Contrib. 91 ; glabrous, rhizome
thick very short, stem elongate, leaves short, head solitary ovoid, nut
ultimately black. Tkw. Enum. 345; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 419 K.
brevifolia, Nees l. c. 91 (partly, not of Rottb.). K. fuscescens, Boeck. l.c.
421, partly. K. vaginata (and var. major), Zoll. Verz. Ind. Archip. ii. 63;
Mig. Fl. Ind Bat. iii. 290.—Kyllinga, sp. Wall. Cat. 3440.

NILGHERRIES, Leschenault, &c. CEYLON, Thwaites, Ee, SINGAPORE, Kurz.—
Distris. Java, S. Africa, Madagasc. 4

Rhizome about lin. Stems 20 in., sharply triquetrous at top. Leaves often
by i in., always much shorter than stem. Spike 2 by i in., thicker than m T
cylindrica ; bracts up to 2-4 in., leaf-like. Spikelets & in. long, usually with
rarely 2 nuts. Fl. glume ovate, acute, keel green scarcely scabrous, sides 3-4-striate
fuscous. Stamens often 3. Nut 2 length of glume, oblong-obovoid.

4. K. brevifolia, Rottb. Descr. et Ic. 13, t. 4, fig. 3; glabrous, rhizome
creeping elongate, leaves long or short, spikes 3-1 ovoid, fl. glume SU
mucronate eglandular, keel upwards not winged, nut ultimately yellow-
brown. Nees in Wight Contrib. 91 (partly); Tw. Enum. 345; Boeck. `
Linnæa, xxxv. 424. K. intermedia, Br. Prodr. 219. K. cruciata, Nees m
Linnæa, ix. 286. K. monocephala, Thunb. FI. Japon. 35; My. ™ T
Mus. Lugd. Bat. ii. 142 (not of Rottb.). K. sororia, Kunth Enum. 1. Y j
Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii, 293 (partly). K. gracilis, Kunth l.c. 195; Mà. r
292. K. fuscata, Mig. Le 294. K. aurata, y Hohenackeri, Boeck. ^
423. K. triceps, Thunb. Fl. Japon. 35 (not of Rottb.). Schoenus cole
ratus, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 64, and herb. propr—Kyllingia, Wall. Cat. 99^
partly.

D Throughout Inpia; from the Panjab to Assam, CEYLON, and
ISTRIB. All warm regions except the Mediterranean.

; Rhizome 4-12 in. Stems 4-24 in. (or sometimes 4-2 in. curved).
vo A in. broad, longer than the stems or very much shorter. Head -3 iP. bracts
green or brownish ; spikes often 1; if 3, median ovoid, scarcely CY Gage keel
3-4, up to 4in. Spikelets 4-3 in., usually with 1 nut only.

MALACOA—

Fl. gl. ovate,

green 3-nerved slightly excurrent or recurved, lower half setulose-scabrous. pon
t or sparsely setulose, sides S-4-striate. Stamens 3 or 2. ut $ vf i
ength of glume, ellipsoid, obtuse ; style as long as half the nut.
* . ; .
* Nut-bearing glume winged in upper half of keel. é

i 9. K. monocephala, Rottb. Descr. et Ic. 13, t. 4, fig. 47, neatly E
rous, rhizome creeping elongate, spikes 1-3 ovoid, fl. glume “ gubmücro

Diane CLXXII. OYPERACEE. (C. B. Clarke.) 589

tipper half of keel with a lunate crested glandular wing, nut yellow-brown.
Zei, FI. Ind. i. 180; Nees in Wight Contrib. 91 (partly) ; Mig. Fl. Ind.

4. i. 291; Thw. Enum. 345; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 427. K. triceps,
Linn, f Suppl. 104 (partly, not of Rottb.). K. sororia, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.
11.293 (partly, not of Kunth). K. gracilis, Zoll. Verz. Ind. Archip. ii. 68
(not of wnth). K. mindorensis, Steud. Syn. Pl. Cyp. 67. Scirpus Cepha-

om unt Hort. Vind. t. 97.—K yllingia, Wall. Cat. 3443 A, F (partly), H
4).

Throughout INDIA, common ; from Kumaon to Assam, CEYLON and SINGAPORE,

ISTNIB. Hot and warm temp. regions of the Old World except the Medi-
ean.

Closely resembles K. brevifolia except in the crest (usually straw-colrd. with

E red circular resinous glands) on the upper part of keel of nut-bearing

fi LS, Squamulata, Vahl Enum. ii. 381; nearly glabrous, roots

Tous, spikes 1-3 ovoid, fl. glume scarcely acute its keel winged by a

yaline incise-toothed crest, nut brown. Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 431.

: Metzii, Steud, Syn. Pl. Cyp. 70. K. monocephala, Strachey Herb.
"maon, 74 (not of Rottb.).

patern India; Kasmwrm, Thomson. GURWHAL, up to 5500 ft., Duthie. Mr.

8 ing. Canara, Metz.—Dis TRIB. Trop. Africa. .
| Be SM tufted (annual), 2-12 in. eaves often longer than stem, } in. broad.
| èin. in diam., green or brown. Spikelets } in. long, maturing 1 nut only.

2. PYCREUS, Beauv.

pu haracters of 4 Cyperus but nut compressed laterally, and style
ches 2.— Species 50, all warm and temp. regions.

aL Outer superficial cells of nut (at least on its shoulders) longitudinally

ie or elliptic; nut often appearing transversely lineolate or imper-

Wiig nate (by reason of the narrow ends of the cells running into an
ting line). l

"e P. flavescens, Nees in Linnxa, ix. 283; annual, slender, umbel
Ka 9r reduced to 1 head, bracts spreading, spikelets linear yg in. wide
uis or pale, nut obovoid compressed shining black hardly half as long
Blume. Cyperus flavescens, Linn. Sp. Pl. 68 (not of Linn. Herb.) ;
Seck 2 Um. ii. 5; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. viii. 31, t. 278, figs. 662-664 ;
es Linnea, xxxv. 438, and in Journ. Linn. Soc, xviii. 104; Clarke,
“Sxl. 36; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 364 (excl. Cabul sp.).
PUNJAB ; Kurrum Valley, Aitchison, n. 964.— DisTRIB. N. temp. regions.
Bier, s 1-12 in, Leaves often 2 length of stem, ys in. wide, grass-like, Spikelets
White ir. 9r very shortly spicate, spreading in fruit. Nut obtuse, with transverse
nes; black cells of surface longitudinally oblong.

* P. stramineus, C. B. Clarke; umbels reduced to 1 compound

sube of 6-12 straw-colrd. spikelets, bracts and spikelets (even in fruit)

Wi dy (otherwise nearly as P. flavescens). Cyperus stramineus, Nees in

ni! d Contrib, 74; Kunth Enum. ii. 9; Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc.

C. coro; C. capillaris, Hochst. ms.; Steud. Syn. Pl. Cyp. 4 (not of Konig.).

mj, zandelimus, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 480 (not of Spreng.) C. fili-
"Me: Wall. Cat. 3320 (partly).

^

590 CLXXIL CYPERAOEX, (C. D. Clarke.) [.Pycreus.

Throughout INDIA, except the drier country, frequent, alt. 0-3000 ft.; from
KnasrA, H. f. § T.T., to CEYLON and Tavor.

Roots aromatic (J. D. Hooker). Spikelets 15-40-fid., or often long, even up to
70-fld.

3. P. latespicatus, (..B. Clarke; middle-sized, umbel simple or
reduced to 1 head, spikelets spicate à in. wide straw-colrd. more or less
chestnut-red marked, nut obovoid compressed black hardly as long as i
glume. Cyperus latespicatus, Boeck. in Flora, xlii. 433 bis, and in Lanza,
xxxv. 467; Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 40. C. diaphanus, Schrad. ez
Roem. & Sch. Syst. ii, Mant. 477; Kunth Enum. ii.9; Boeck. in Linnea,
xxxv. [1867-8] 437; Clarke, l.c. 80. C. intermedius, var. indica, Boeck.
l.c. 451 (not of Steud.). C. pseudo-bromoides, Boeck. l.c. 464 (the Nepal
plant). O. angulatus, Strachey Cat. Pl. Kumaon, 74; Duthie in E
Atkinson Gaz. x. [1876] 620 (not of Nees). C. aphyllus, Boeck. Le 450.
C. pauper, O. B. Clarke, l. c. 41 (the Himal. plant not of Hochst.).—
Cyperacea, Griff. Itin. Notes, 32, n. 506.

From Kumaon to Kmasta, alt. 3-6000 ft. BENGAL, Cmora NAcPORE, and
MALABAR. h of

Usually annual. Stems 4-16 in., occasionally 0. Leaves usually $ lengt ad
stem, in. wide, sometimes 0. Spikelets stouter than in P. flavescens, aw- ` i
Nut with longitudinally oblong cells.—Strachey's plants are depauperated, fili mE
bearing only 1 or 2 spikelets, and were formerly referred by me to P. pauper,
Abyssinian sp.

** Outer cells of the surface of nut all subquadrate hexagonal, none
oblong.

T Stem decumbent at base, often clothed 1 its length by leaf-sheaths.

4. P. sanguinolentus, Nees in Linnea, ix. 283; middle-sized (9
depauperate and filiform), umbel simple or contracted into 1 head, spike d
linear or oblong generally red-marked, glumes loosely imbricate, E
obovoid biconvex almost turgid. Cyperus sanguinolentus, Vahl Erum. y,
351; Nees in Wight Contrib. 75; Thw. Enum. 342; Aitch. Cat. Pim m.
Pl.156. C. Eragrostis, Vahl Z. c. 322? (exclud. syn. Retz); Kunth Bo ck.
ii. 7; Moritz. Verz. Zoll. Pfi. 96; Strachey Cat. Pl. Kumaon, 745 Pory,
in Linnæa, xxxv. 443; Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 57, an Rot
S0. C. cruentus, Roxb. FI. Ind. i. 196 (not of Rotth.). O. pumilus, Ié
Desc. et Ic. 29, t. 9, fig. 4 (not of Linn.) C. atratus, Steud. in Zol kl "
Ind. Archip. ii. 62, and Pl. Oyp. 12; Mig. Fl. Ind Bat. iii, 259; Boech. y
446. C. concolor, Steud. Pl. Oyp. 6. C. Rehmanni, Boiss. F' l Geert
364. C. grossarius, Heyne ms. C. jeminicus, Heyne ms. (not of '
—Cyperus, Wall. Cat. 3318 (mainly), 3335.

Throughout INDIA, ascending to 10,800 ft.; from KASHMIR to ASSAM, Cen:
and SrzNGAPORE.—DisTRIB. Warm parts of the Old World. Stem

Glabrous. Rhizome creeping, 4-10 in., or often flowering the first y og shortly
4-20 in. Leaves as long as stem or much shorter, 4; in. wide. Spikelets 1
spicate or clustered, j-1 by 3 in., 6-24-fld. Glumes boat-shaped, ovate, le
green nerves on back, sides usually red- or chestnut-marked. Nut hardly i a
of glume, ashy-brown.—Belongs to a very small group of closely-allied species, stem;
alone of all the Cyperec have nodes (and sheaths and leaves) far above base 0 ikkim
usually a prominent character in P, sanguinolentus, but frequently absent:

Pycreus.] CLXXIL OYPERACEE. (C. B. Clarke.) 591

ipecimens from 10,000 ft., are 4-6 in, high with stem (and leaves) capillary, bearing
o 2 spikelets only, and may be a new species.

Tt Small or medium-sized, roots fibrous, leaves close to base of stem.

d P. nitens, Nees in Linnza, ix. 283, and in Nov. Act. Acad. Nat.
Xx, Suppl. i. 43; small or scarcely middle-sized, umbel simple or
reduced to 1 head, spikelets small clustered or shortly spicate linear or
tar-oblong straw-colrd. or dusky, glumes minutely mucronate or nearly
uuticons, nut small obovoid. Cyperus pumilus, Linn. Sp. Pl. 69; Gaertn.
"wl. 1.9, t. 2, fig, 2; Kunth Enum. ii. 4 (in small part); Roxb. Fl.
h.i. 196 (exel. syn. Rottb.); Strachey Cat. Pl. Kumaon, 74; Clarke in
DU. Linn. Soc, xxi. 43 (not of Rottb.or Nees). C. nitens, Vahl Enum.
139]; Kunth Enum. ii. 3; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 483 (not of Retz.). C
WRenbranaceus, Vahl. l.c. 330; Kunth l.c.3. C. punctatus, Roxb. Fl. Ind
i (exel. cit. Pluk.). Q. pulvinatus, Mees & Meyen in Wight Contrib.
; Thw. Enum. 342. CQ. obstinatus, Steud. Syn. Pl. Cyp. 10; C. tor-
» Herb, Roxb. ; Wall. Cat. 3339.—Cyperus, Wall. Cat. 3312 (mainly).

tnttoehont INDIA, alt. 0-6000 ft., frequent; from the PUNJAB to Assam,

N, and SixGAPOoRE.—DisTRIB. Warm regions of the Old World,
ual. Stems tufted, 1-12 in. Leaves often as long as stem, +, in. wide,
i Unbel rays 1-6 in. up to 2—4 in. long, usually shorter. Spikelets 5-30 in
‘pike, i-P by ys in., 8-44-fld.; rhachilla slender, persistent. G'wmes boat-
ee 8-5-nerved, back green, sides pale nerveless, keel (in the Indian form) nearly
7* excurrent recurved. Stamen in the Indian plant usually 1 (in large examples

- Nut compressed, brown, nut 4 as long as the glume.

Ki P. pumilus, Nees in Linnea, ix. 283; annual, umbel simple, spike-
‘plcate oblong 6-10-fld. much compressed, glumes on back 3-nerved
Sides 2-3-nerved pale, keel excurrent recurved, nut broad ellipsoid

n » Cyperus hyalinus, Vahl Enum. ii. 329; Kunth Enum. ii. 3;

pa Fl. Ind; Bat. iii. 254; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 482; Clarke in Journ.

Yon Dn, xxi. p. 46; Ridley in Forbes East. Archip. 590. C. pumilus,

pa Wight Contrib. 74. (excl. all syn.) ; Kunth l.c. 4 (in great part, not
om.) C. strictus, Wight ms. (not of Roxb.); Wall. Cat. 3336, C

Maneras. in ri . . :
; In rice-fields, Wight, Leith.—DisTRIB. Timor.
to lens 2-8 in. Leaves as long as stem, } in. wide, weak. Umbel rays 3-7, up

: i
In. long, Spikelets 4-12 in a spikelet t clustered, $ by % in. Glumes
Vogt e pikelet, not c , y
lore glistening on their pale or yellowish nerved sides. Mut obtuse, ashy-black,

than 4 length of glume,
7. p. capillaris, Nees in Linnea, ix. 283 and in Mart. Fl.

H pars. 1, 9; umbel apparently simple or condensed into 1 head,
d var. y) spikelets clustered linear many-fld. much compressed straw-
mij] wn or black, nut small ellipsoid compressed apiculate chest-
Pj clack, Cyperus globosus, All. Fl. Pedem. Auctuar. 49; Reichb. Ic.
in p; ^ ii. 26, t. 999 and Ic. Fl. Germ. viii. 32, t. 279, fig. 665; Boeck.
bei 4, xxxv. 458; Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xx. 279 and xxi. 47. C.
ria? Decne. in Nouv. Ann. Mus. iii. 959 (not of Retz. or Roxb.). C.
Dale, ss Konig. ms.; Roxb. Fl. Ind.i. 194; Nees in Wight Contrib. 76;

ns Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 983. C. Lamarckianus, Schultes in Roem. & Sch.
Rr. Mant, 108; Kunth Enum. ii. 9. C. vulgaris, Sieber ms.; Kunth
‘mucronatus, Moritzi Verz. Zoll. Pfl. 95 (not of Rottb.). C. flaves-

592 OLXXII, CYPERACEE. (C. B. Clarke.) [ Pyereus.

cens, Thw. Enum, 342; Aitch. Cat. Pl. Punjab 155. C. polystachyus,
Strachey Cat. Pl. Kumaon, 74; Duthie in .E. T. Atkinson Gaz. x. 620.—
Cyperus, Wall. Cat. 3318.

N. INDIA; alt. 0-6000 feet, from KAsumir to CHOTA NAGPORE and ASSA.—
DISTRIB. Temp. and trop. old world. ]

Glabrous. Stems tufted, 4-24 in. Leaves 4-12 by A in., weak. Umbel
rays up to 23 in., usually very short; bracts 4-8 in. Spikes subglobose. Spikelets
5-50, $ by i in., 40-fld. Glumes ovate, obtuse. Stamens 2; anthers small, muti-
cous. Nut 4 length of glume.—The Himal. plant is identical with the European ;
its spikelets are rather broad, ferruginous-green, and the glumes are (in fruit) rather
loose, thin. In the Khasia Hills the glumes are often browner, chestnut, or very
black, rigid, tightly imbricated.

Var. B. nilagiricus, C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 49; spikelets narrower
more rigid, glumes (even in fruit) rigidly imbricated not inflated straw-colrd. or
brown or (more often) chestnut or black. Cyperus nilagiricus, Hochst. ms.; St C
Syn. Cyp. 2; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 457. C. atro-ferrugineus, Steud. 1. c. 2. :
Junghubnii, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 260. C. ater, Dalz. g Gibs. Bomb. FI. ?
(not of VaÀl.). C. lucidus and lividus, Heyne ms. C. Eragrostis, Rottler, ms.
C. semiteres, Heyne ms., Wall. Cat. 3310,—The Deccan Peninsula and Ceylon
Distrip, Afric., S.E. Asia, Austral.—This var. is founded on the narrower spikelets;
colour is accidental.

Var. y stricta, C. B. Clarke, l.c. ; spikelets narrower straw-colour or yellow les
compressed frequently short 6-12-fld. sometimes curved or twisted, glumes ari
packed but loosely imbricated. Cyperus strictus, Lam. Ill. i. 146; Rowd. Fl. Int.
i. 200; Kunth Enum. ii. 12; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 258. C. tortuosus, Kang vob
Poet, l.c. 197 ; Nees in Wight Contrib. 75 ; Kunth l c. 16. C. divaricatus, ero.
Ham; Wall. Cat. 3312 (partly).—N. India, from the Punjab to Assam, Chittagong
and Chota Nagpore.—DISTRIB. Asia, Afric.

8. P. polystachyus, Beauv. Fl. Owar. II. 48, t. 86, fig. 2; kg
apparently simple or contracted into 1 head, spikelets clustered even `
fruit suberect (see var. 8) linear many-fld. dusky straw-colour sier :
marked, nut oblong nearly symmetric truncate. Cyperus polystac dert
Br. Prod. 214; Roxb. FL. Ind.i.193; Nees in Wight Contrib. 75; Kunti
Enum. ii. 13; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 281; Thw. Enum. 342; Boeck. in
Linnea, xxxv. 477; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 365; O. B. Clarke in Journ. Jim `
Soc. xx. 280 and xxi. 51. C. odoratus, Linn. Sp. Pl. col. i. 46. C. Fan
fructus, Steud. in Zoll. Verz. Ind. Archip. ii. 62 and Syn. Cyp.. 8. »
strigosus, Wight ms. C. corymbosus, Roxb. ms. (not of Rottb.). C. eon
Herb. Heyne, Wall. Cat. 3320 A. (partly). QC. bicarinatus, Herb. Ho"
Wall. Cat. 3333.—Cyperus, Wall. Cat. 3340.

Near the coast of INDIA from SIND to SINGAPORE; common. SILHET, Hook.f. §
T. T.— DISTRIB. all warm especially maritime regions. much
Glabrous. Stems 12-30 in., sometimes 0. Leaves overtopping stem or nd o
shorter, } in. broad, weak. Umbel rays 1-7, up to 0-2 in. ; spikes NR -50-
10-50 spikelets; bracts 3-6, spreading, up to 4-16 in. spikelets $ by de: ually);
fld. Glumes boat-shaped, ovate, muticous, papery, not rigid. Stamens 2 (us
anthers small, oblong. Nut compressed, biconvex, black, + length of glume Jets in
Var, B. laxiflorus, Benth. Fl. Austral. vii. 261; spikes more open, spikelets v
fruit rectangularly spreading subsolitary, often more tinged with y ollon: Kunth
brown, Cyperus paniculatus, Rottb. Descr. et Ic. 40. C. plenus, Heyne f^ not of
Enum. ii. 12. ©. geminatus, Heyne ms. C. Hookerianus, Arnott ms. (
Thwaites). H hot
The Deccan, and Maray Peninsulas, and CEYLON, frequent. —D STRIP. 3
regions.

Pyereus.] CLXXII. OYPERACEX. (C. B. Clarke.) 593

9. P. ferrugineus, C. B. Clarke; spikelets rather broader redder,
glumes more distant (otherwise as P. polystachyus, Var. B). Cyperus ferru-
pneus, Poir, in Lam. Encyc. vii. 261; Kunth Enum. ii. 11;' Baker Fl
Maurit. 408. C. polystachyus, Vars. ferruginea and macrostachya, Boeck. in

mea, xxxv. 479, Vars. ferruginea, micans and filicina, C. B. Clarke in
Journ, Linn. Soc. xxi. 54, 55. C. strictus, Rottler ms. Heyne ms. (not of
Josh) — Wall. Cat. 3331.

The Deccan PENINSULA ; Rottler, G. Thomson. CHITTAGONG; J. D. H.—
Afric. Americ.

10. P. sulcinux, C. B. Clarke; as P. polystachyus, var. B, but spike-
lets longer, glumes more remote, nut unsymmetric its faces much com-
usually concave. Cyperus sulcinux, C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn.
Soe, xxi. 56 and xxv. 80.
r Beet up to 5000 feet, alt. frequent. ANAMALLAY Mrs.; Beddome. PEGU ;
ain TENASSERIM; Helfer (Kew Distrib. n. 6209, 4).—DisTEIB. Afr. trop.
ya.

Slender. Spikelets up to 40—50-fld. Narrow edge'otf nut much flattened against
the rhacheola,

silt? Robust, spikelets larger, yellow brown or red, leaves close to base of

Jk P. angulatus, Nees in Linnea, ix. 283; robust, umbel simple,
Pkelets yellow or brown-yellow (see also var. 8) spicate, nut small obo-
n at length of glume. Cyperus unioloides, Br. Prod. 216 ; C. B. Clarke
Rat. Linn. Soc. xxi. 60. O. bromoides, Willd. ms.; Link Jahrb, iii. 85;
x Enum. ii. 8; Boeck.in Linnea, xxxv. 463. C. angulatus, Nees in

Yht Contrib. 73; Boeck. Le. 465.—Cyperus, Wall. Cat. n. 3324.

$ Narat; Wallich. DINaJPORE; C. B. Clarke. Kuasta; alt. 3-5000 feet, Hf.
T. T. +» &e, Nirenii Hirs ; Wight. Ava; Wallich.—DISTRIB. tropics.
y Plabrous, Rhizome long, A in. in diam., or often 0. Roots fibrous. Stem
long ft. Leaves often 2 length of stem, } in. broad. Umbel rays 3-8, up to 2 ai
in (in depauperated a single few-spikeleted head); bracts 4-5, up to
ine leaf-like, Spikes of 3-20 spikelets, sometimes slightly compound ; bracteoles
Ki enons, Spikelets 3 by A in., 22-fld. Glumes Ä in., ovate, triangular-acute,
ly Imbricate in fruit, 1-3-nerved, back green, sides shining yellow brown,
maj Crisped, Stamens 3 ; anthers oblong-linear. Nut compressed, black ; style
» branches linear shortly exsert.
ining di Wight umbel contracted into a subcompound head, spikelets larger
€stnut-brown,
ik Zon P eninsula; Wight.—A remarkable plant, only once collected. The
wi ets are, in size and colour, unlike any Indian or other example of P. angulatus,
® they most closely resemble P. macranthus, a Cape plant; but the nuts. ave
thong, ace-cells Subquadrate, while in P. macranthus these are longitudinally

WE ; ; ix. 283; bel compound or
: Punctic ees in Linnea, ix. ;um
Fe Spikelets Sege ek broad-ellipsoid truncate 3 length of
bai AE Baccha, Nees in Linnea, ix. 283. Cyperus puncticulatus,
! Enum. ii. 348; Kunth Enum. i. 15; Dalz: & Gibs. Bomb. FU.
0 B Theo, Enum, 349. Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 472 (excl. syn. Rozb.);
bn, Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 68. C. Baccha, Kunth e 118. C.
atus, Nees in Wight Contrib. 76 (not of Rowb.). C. procerus, Roxb.
VI.

594 CLXXII. CYPERACEÆ. (C. B. Clarke.) [Pycreus.

Fi. Ind. i. 203, chiefly. C. flavidus, Herb. Heyne; Wall. Cat. 3336, A. C.
tegetum, Herb. Wight; Wall. Cat. 3355, B.

The Deccan PENINSULA ; Rottler, Wight, Ze, CEYLON ; Thwaites.—DIsTRIB.
China.

Glabrous, annual. Stem erect at base, subsolitary, 12 ft. Leaves often as
long as stem, X in. broad. Spikelets $ by 2 in., 7-30-fid., sides very parallel. to 50-

Var. B. qwinquagintiflorus, C. B. Clarke, l.c. 69; spikelets elongate up lant
fid., anthers apiculate. Cyperus macrostachyus, Vah! Enum. i. 849 (as 36 B.—
of Rottler, not of Lam. or Poir.). C.longus, Herb. Heyne; Wall. Cat. 3336 B.
Madras, Heyne.

13. P. albomarginatus, Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. ii. part i 9;
umbel simple or compound, spikelets long yellow or ruddy brown, g ee
obtuse white-edged in fruit spreading not imbricate, nut obovoid greatly
compressed nearly as long as glume. Cyperus Hochstetter, Nees C B.
Krauss in Flora, xxviii. 755 (in note); Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 47 "wu t Mi
Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 69. C. flavicomus, Torrey Bot. Mes.
Bound. 226; Benth. Fl. Austral. vii. 261 (excl. syn., not of Michal
D Concan and MALABAR; G. Thomson, Ze, RaNGooN; R. Scott, Kurz.—

ISTRIB. Tropics.

Glabrous, annual. Stem erect at base, subsolitary, 1-3 ft. Leaves often $ enge
of stem, $ in. broad. Umbel rays sometimes 11, up to 7 in. long, sometimes 47^»
only lin.long. Spikelets often large, 1 by 4 in.

INDETERMINABLE SPEÓIES.

: t
C. KAMPRGYENERI, Boeck. Cyp. Nove, i. (1888), 5 ; rhizome tuberous, style bu
little exserted shortly 2-fid.—NICOBAR Isrps.; Kamphævener.

3. JUNCELLUS.

Stem erect, simple, leafy only near base. Inflorescence umbellate or
capitate. Spikelets ineat or oblong, compressed; rhacheola persistent,
Glumes distichous, deciduous, concave, muticous, 2 lowest empty, 4- terior;
ceeding bisexual, uppermost 1-3 sterile or empty. Stamens 3-2, an rst
anthers oblong-linear. Nut plano-convex, broad plane face flat en
rhacheola; style-base continuous with nut, not tumid; branches 2,
—Species 12, in all warm climates.

b
This genus is Cyperi Sect. Juncellus of Kunth, and differs from DC, ii
having a 2-fid style, and more or less compressed, not equilaterally R rms with
Several of the species have been considered by Boeckeler and others as

2-branched styles of corresponding species of Cyperus.

* Inflorescence umbelled.

l. J. serotinus, C. B. Clarke; stoloniferous, stout, stem, linear
triquetrous thick, leaves and bracts long, umbel compound, spikelets han
in dense spikes, glumes broad-ovate obtuse 7-9-nerved, nut longe" um. ii.
the glume. Cyperus serotinus, Rottb. Descr. et Ic. 91; Kunth e Host.
19; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 492. C. Monti, Linn. f. Suppl. 1 fig. 666;
Gram, Austr. iv. 38, t. 67 ; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. viii. 32, t. 279, J8
C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 72, t. 3, fig. 29; Boiss. FL
366. C. japonicus, Mig. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. ii. 140. C. pun
de in Journ. Linn. Soc. xix. 189 (not of Vahl).—Monti, Bonon.
t. 1, fig. 2.

cticulatus
Prodr. . 12,

Juncellus,) OLXXII. CYPERACER, (C. B. Clarke.) 595

Kasmura; alt. 1000 ft., Jacquemont, Ze, PUNJAB; alt. 1000 ft., Thomson,
kc—DisrRIB. from Spain to Japan.
labrous, except sometimes rhachis of spikes. Stems solitary, 1-3 ft. Leaves
as long as stem, 4-1 in. broad. Bracts 3-5, up to 8-18 in. leaf-like. Umbel
nys 3-6, up to 2-6 in. long, very unequal, rather stout ; umbellules shortly corym-
. © or capitate ; bracteoles short. Spikes of 5-40 spikelets. Spikelets 4-4 by 45-1
m, 12-30.fld, (or shorter 6-8-fid.), turgid ; rhacheola robust, tetragonous, excavated,
Sarcely winged, Glumes approximate ; margins narrowly scarious, in dried ripe
"amples incurved crisped. Stamens 3; anthers scarcely apiculate. Style short ;
ches about ag long as nut. Nut obovoid, obtuse, smooth, dark-brown.—Much
sed in herbaria with Cyperus pilosus, Vahl, which it generally resembles and
has farther the rhachis of the spikes minutely hairy, a rare character in Cyperus.

A J. stylosus, C. B. Clarke ; stem at top trigonous slender, leaves
‘nd bracts rather short, glumes not striate towards their margins, style-
ncaes very long, nut (not quite ripe) small; otherwise as J. serotinus.

rg Prus Monti, var. B? stylosa, C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi.

Krasta Bras ; Griffith, .
Dior U not half length of stem. Bracts scarcely overtopping inflorescence.
attis of spikes glabrous. Glumes chestnut-red, with very narrow white margins,
bé asin J. serotinus. Spikelets comose from the persistent long dark-red styles.

perhaps all imperfect.

Sl J. inundatus, C. B. Clarke; stout, stem at top triquetrous thick,
dë and bracts long, umbel compound, spikelets in loose spikes, glumes
Bei 7-nerved, nut longer than 4 the glume. Cyperus inundatus,
Se gee Ind. i. 201; Wall. Cat. 3342 A, B; C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn.
n fX. 31, 73 (not of Br.or Nees). C.diluvialis, Schultes in Roem. &
dr st. ii. Mant, 124. C. puncticulatus, Steud. Syn. Cyp. 10 (partly, not

Jeer, Wall. Cat. 3355, C. 3359, F.

Bewaar; in swamps, from Sylhet to the sea, frequent.— DISTRIB. China. .
from his of spike glabrous, 1-2 in., spikelets often ~} in. apart. Differs little
dither ` Serotinus, but by the open spikes. In herbaria it is more frequently mixed

Cyperus procerus or Pycreus puncticulatus.

A4. alopecuroides, C. B. Clarke; large, leaves and bracts long,
EN large compound, spikes cylindric very dense, spikelets linear-oblong
"hu £ 8-30 nuts, glumes concave dirty straw-colour, rhachilla rather stout
al nadrangular not winged, nut small } length of glume. Cyperus
GI des, Rottb. Descr. et Ic. (1773), 38, t. 8, fig. 2; Nees in Wight

"b. 76; Kunth Enum. ii. 195 Tho. Enum. 342; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FI.
Boiss d Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 261; Boeck. in Linnza, xxxvi. 322 (excl. var. a) ;
Ch prient. v. 367; C. B. Clarke in Journ Linn. Soc. xxi. 30, 74,

; King in T. E. Atkins. Gaz. x. (1876), 320. C. compositus,
ps Prodr, 217. s semidives, Steud. Syn. Cyp. 36. C. speciosus, con-

, alopecuroides, Herb. Heyne; Wall. Cat. 3344, B, C.

De i i Distrib. 6150) to Sinner,
ü Shout India, from Pesmawur, Griffith ( Kew
"E T. T., and CEYLON, Thwaites.~DisTRiB. Afric. and Austral. trop. .
ito large Blabrous annual, 2-3 ft. Leaves often as long as stem, i-i in.
beeing ap JS Of umbel 4-6 in.; bracts 12-18 in., leaf-like; raylets often 1 in.

Wees ` Apex 2-4 eb te spikes. Spikes 1-1} by ł in. Spikelets } in.,
; ] compressed. oleae muticous or mucronulate. Stamens 3; anthers
b om ` „Nuts plano-convex, finally ashy-black (many imperfect pale); style
*5 nut, branches longer, shortly exsert.— United by Boeckeler with

oa?

596 OLXXII, CYPERACEZ. (C. B. Clarke.) [ Juncellus.

Cyperus exaltatus, Retz; but separated by the very crowded spikes and 2-fid
style.

** Stem with one head of spikelets.

5. J. pygemeeus, C. B. Clarke; annual, leaves and bracts long green
flaccid, spikelets innumerable in a compound head linear often curved or
twisted, nut plano-convex 3-3 length of glume. Cyperus pygmeus, Rottb.
Descr. et Ic. 20, t. 14, figs. 4, 5; Nees in Wight Contrib. 72; Kunth Enum.
ii. 18 ; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii 261; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 368 (excl. syn. Boch):
Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 493 (excl. var. B); C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn.
Soc. xx. 282 and xxi. 28-30, 81, t. 2, figs. 10, 10a; King in E. T. Atkinson
Gaz. x. (1876), 320. C. squarrosus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. 1.190. C. monocephalus,
Roxb. mss. (not Fl. Ind.). Dichostylis pygmæa, Nees in Linnea, 1x. 289.

Pycreus diffusus and pygmaeus, Mees in Linnea, ix. 983,—Isolepis?
Wall, Cat. 3495. -

From KASHMIR to BURMA and Ceylon. All warm regions (ewcl. Europe).
_ Glabrous. Stems coespitose (often very many), 1-10 in. Bracts 8-6 in., spread
ing. Head i-i in. in diam. Spikelets often 100,1 in., 8-24-fid., greenish-wbito
finally pale brown. Glumes close-packed, boat-shaped. Stamens 2-1; anthers small
linear-oblong, muticous. Wut ellipsoid, brown, top pyramidal ; style shorter ben
nut; branches shortly exsert.— Much confused (by Boeckeler finally united) wit
Scirpus Michelianus, Linn.; so that the synonymy cannot be completely 7
tricated. In the young state it is difficult to distinguish the two apart ; but when
the spikelets of J. pygmæus are ripe, and the glumes (except a few of the top m
fertile) have fallen away, the scars on the rhacheola (and therefore the glumes a”
nuts) are seen to be exactly distichous; whilst the rhacheola of ripe S. Michelin"
shows the scars arranged spirally from the base of the spikelet. Rheede's Hort.
Mal. xii. t. 54, on which alone several specific names are grounded, is usually refe
here, but it is as likely to be Fimbristylis argentea, Vahl.

6. J. levigatus, C. B. Clarke; rhizome creeping, leaves short is
long, lower bract as though continuing stem, head lateral, spikelets
1-30 linear 16-40-fid. somewhat turgid, glumes close-packed obtuse, Wë
4-3 length of glume. Cyperus levigatus, Linn. Mant. 179 ; Rottb. Descr.
et Ic. 19, t. 16, fig. 1; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 260; Boeck. in Linnea, SC,
486; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 366 ; C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xx. 282 and
xxi. 77, t. 3, figs. 20, 21 and t. 4, fig. 33; Aitch. in Trans. Linn. Soc. E A
Bot. iii. 121. C. mucronatus, Rottb. Le 19, t. 8, fig. 4; Rozb. Fl. Int."
185; Nees in Wight Contrib.72; Kunth Enum. ii.17; Reichb. Ie. Fl. ree
viii. 31, t. 278, fig. 661. C. lateralis, Forsk. Fl. Æg. Arab. 13; Roxb. WI
186; Nees in Wight Contrib. 73 (not Linn.f). C. Roxburghianus, P e
in Oken Isis, xxi. 971. C. pleuranthus, Nees l.c. 73. C. acuminatus, all
ms. C. mucronatus and C. niveus, Herb. Heyne; Wall. Cat. 3

Pycreus levigatus, Nees in Linnea, x. 130. P. mucronatus and lateralis,
Nees l. c. x. 283. ?

Throughout Western INDIA from the Punjab, Aitchison, and Bundelkund,
Duthie, to SovrR Mapras, WigAt.—DISTRIB. most warm climates.

Glabrous. Rhizome usually woody, A in. in diam. internodes very,
covered by chestnut or red scales, when floating sometimes 3-6 ft. with |
nodes. Stems 1-24 in. Leaves sometimes as long as stem, p in. broad, not
short, occasionally obsolete (i.e, sheaths terminated by a lanceolate Process of
green). Spikelets closely clustered, }-} in., rigid, often curved, straw-co Land
tinged with chestnut or chestnut-red ; rhacheola stout, tetragonous, hardly small
Glumes concave, ovate, 7-ll.nerved. Stamens 3; anthers yellow with 4

short densely
ong inter

Juncellus. | CLXXIL OYPERACEE. (C. B. Clarke.) 597

linear-lanceolate red scabrous crest. Style slender, hardly as long as nut ; branches
shortly exsert. Nut plano- or concavo-convex, top obtuse.
Var. f. junciformis; rigid, spikelets 1-6 rigid sbining chestnut or black. C.
distachyos, All. Fl. Peien. Auctuar. 48, t. 2, fig. 5; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 367. C.
junciformis, Desfont. Fl. Atlant. i. 42, t. 7, fig. 1; Boiss. l.c. C. lævigatus, var.
Jumciformis, C, B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 79.

Peshawur; Stewart. Sind; Stocks.—DisrRIB. Oriental.

4. CYPERUS, Linn.

Stem erect, simple, leafy only near base. Inflorescence umbellate or
tapitate, _Spikelets linear ‘or oblong, compressed; rhacheola persistent.
umes distichous, 2 lowest empty, 4—oo succeeding bisexual seriatim de-
tiduons, uppermost 1-3 sterile or empty. Stamens 3-2, rarely 1; anther

ĉar or oblong, sometimes crested. Nut triquetrous, trigonous or plano-
convex, plane face flat against rhacheola; style-base continuous with nut,
It tumid, branches 3 linear (occasionally 2 in upper fl. of C. stoloniferus,
and in O, Cephalotes).—Species 300, all warm and temperate regions.

Subgenus I. Axosronuw (Genus), Nees in Linnea, ix. 287. Style long,
pulivided or obscurely 3-2-toothed. Hydroschoenus, Moritzi Verz. Zoll..
Trentepohlia, Boeck. in Bot. Zeit. xvi. 249.—(Sp. 1).

of Le Cephalotes, Vahl Enum. ii. 311; leaves and bracts long, infl.
one compound dense head, nut stipitate below corky. Kunth Enum. ii.
PM Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 271; C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 25,
>t. 1, figs. 1-6, o monocephalus, Roch Fl. Ind. i. 188. C. Hookerianus,

- Enum. 342 (not of Arn.). C. leucocephalus, Wight ms. (not of Retz).

, natans, Ham. ms. C. dubius, Rottler in Neue Schr. Gesell. Freunde
287 iv 193, in Obs. Anosporum monocephalum, Nees in Linnea, 1x.
m d in Wight Contrib. 92; Grif. Notul. iii. 103; Boeck. in Linnea,
H d 411. A. Cephalotes, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlv. pt. 2, p. 159.
y? schoenus kyllingioides, Zoll. & Mor. ms.; Moritzi Verz. Zoll. PA.
414. L. c. 296. Trentepohlia bifoliata. Boeck. in Bot. Zeit. xvi. 249.
piseia monocephala, Nees ms.—Kyllinga, Wall. Cat. 3441 (mainly).

de Hort, Mal. xii. t. 53.
qur. BENGAL to Mapras and BurMa.—Disrers. China, Malaya, Austral.

long la Tous, floating in tanks; stolons slender. Stems 4-16 in. Leaves 2-5, as
iam 2. Siem, 2 in. broad. Bracts 3-5 up to 4-8 in., leaf-like. Heads A-Z in.
thachiy Spikelets 10-70, 4-4 by i in. compressed, rigid, often bent, 10-36-fid. ;
tha la stout, persistent, angular, hardly winged. Glwmes closely packed, boat-
broadly, 7862, more or less marked with red or chestnut. Stamens 3-2; filaments
ovoid y ligulate; anthers large, linear-oblong, muticous. Nut 3 length of glume,
linear unequally trigonous (i. e. somewhat plano-convex) passing gradually into t e
dry Style 3 length of nut.—In the Cyperacee which float in tanks that are never
ena] à corky thickening of the cells especially towards the lower angles of the nut
tank, them to float, and hence vegetate among the rotting surface vegetation of the

Subgenus II bellate throughout or

; . PycynosracHys. Inflorescence umbellate gho

notato; Spikelets digitate or clustered, not spicate. Style-bra nches linear,
Y linear-lanceolate. (Sp. 2-26.)

eet. l. Natantes. Style-branches linear-lanceolate. Nut corky below.
ank floaters. (Sp. 2.)

598 OLXXIL OYPERACEX. (C. B. Clarke.) [Cyperus.

2. C. platystylis, Br. Prodr. 214; leaves and bracts long, umbel
compound, spikes near together often very numerous. C. B. Clarke e
Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 27, 117, t. 1, figs. 7-9 (excl. syn. C. caducus). 9:
pallidus, Heyne ms.; Nees in Linnza, ix. 984, and in Wight Contrib. 7 i
Kunth Enum. ii. 40; Thw. Enum. 343. C. canescens, Herb. Heyne, an
C. fluitans, Herb. Ham.; Wall. Cat. 3337, 3359 D (partly). Anosporum
pallidum, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 412.

From BENGAL and Burma to CEYLON and PrxAxG.—DisrRIB. Malaya,
Austral,

Glabrous, floating in tanks. Stolons covered by ovate acute striate pale-browi
scales. Stems solitary, 6-42 in. Leaves often as long as stem, up to 3-4 in, 1 f-
coarse, cutting, nerves many, strong. Umbel 1-10 in. diam.; bracts 8-18 in., P
like, somewhat corymbose. Spikelets 5-1300, 1-6-together digitate, by i l :
20—40-fld., brown pale or reddish ; rhachilla persistent, scarcely winged. G —
very close-packed, boat-shaped, back with 3 green nerves. Stamens 3; renim
ligulate ; anthers linear-oblong, crested with a small linear-lanceolate red D the
Nut ellipsoid, 3 length of glume, unequally trigonous, pale brown, corky cells 9

angles straw-colrd.; style much shorter than nut, deciduous, branches a8 long t
style.

. Sect 2. Amabiles. Slender annuals. Umbel very rarely reduced to 4
single head. Spikelets small. Glwmes mucronate. (Sp. 3-9.)

3. C. amabilis, Vahl Enum. ii. 318; spikelets linear, golden-brows
glumes truncate mucro short erect, stamen 1, nut obovoid $ lengt
glume. Kunth Enum. ii. 108; C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. Ke a
and xxi. p. 85. C. aureus, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. i. 205; Kunth l.c.
Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 494.

Kumaon, King. MORADABAD, Thomson, . CHoTA NAGPORE; up to 2
C. B. Clarke.—DisTRIB. Warm regions. in. broad,

Glabrous. Stems cwspitose, 2-8 in. Leaves j-k length of stem, Ze 1 head
weak. Umbel often very compound, rays 4 in. long; sometimes reduced Zu in &
(very variable in development); bracts up to 2 in., leaf-like. Spikelets 3 d back
spike, up to $ by 41,—.. in., 36-fd. (often much shorter). Glumes boat-shap oblong:
3-5-nerved, sides nerveless, mucro variable (often very short). Anthers emu»

Nut fine brown; style as long as nut, branches 3, linear.

000 ft.

4. C. castaneus, Willd. Sp. Pl.i. 978; small, umbel rarely pyem
pound, spikelets linear chestnut or pale, glumes obtuse mucro conspi ucro
recurved, stamens 2-1, nut exactly oblong i-$ length of glume, ie
excluded). Roeb. Fl. Ind. i.195 ; Nees in Wight Contrib. 79; Kunt 376 B);
Ji. 21; Thw. Enum. 343; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 496 (excl. Wall. 3 Cat.
C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn, Soc. xxi. 87. C. squarrosus, Trimen
Ceylon Pl. 100. CG pusillus, Herb. Wight; Wall. Cat. 3323.

From East NxPar, J. D. Hooker, to CEYLoN, Thwaites, and Perak,
Distris. Tonkin, Austral. gually)
Glabrous. Stems 2-6in. Leaves as long as stem, j in. broad, or (ust!
shorter. Umbel rays 0-2 in. rarely again divided, sometimes reduc
head; bracts often as long as inflorescence. Spikelets 3-20 in a SEN nerve
chestnut in type form, 3 A by de in., 15—70-fld. Glumes boat-shaped, back ek sides
keel excurrent greenish-yellow. Anthers small, short-oblong. Nut rel War"

exactly parallel; style much shorter than nut; branches small, linear.

King—

‘ . glumes
5. C. cuspidatus, H. B. & K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. i E
strongly 3-nerved, mucro conspicuous recurved, nut oblong”

|
|

Cyperus.] CLXXI. OYPERACEE. (C. B. Clarke.) 599

length of glume (mucro excluded) otherwise as C. castaneus. Kunth Enum.
ll. 22 ; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 496; C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xx.
BA and xxi. 88, and xxv. 80; Trimen Cat. Pl. Ceylon, 100. C. angusti-
folius, Ham. ms.; Wall. Cat. 3376 (mainly); Nees in Wight Contrib. 79 ;
Kunth Enum. ii. 21. C. castaneus, Hance in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii. 130;
Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. ii. 261 (“forma Sundaica”). C. solutus, Steud. Syn.
Cyp.14; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 263.

Throughout INDIA; from KasHMIR and Assam to CEYLON and PENANG.—
Disrers. All warm regions.
. The older botanists referred the chestnut-colrd. examples to C. castaneus, the ferru-
guous-brown to C. cuspidatus, and these are the prevalent colours of the spikelets.
i the colour varies in both, and Boeckeler has distinguished them by the nut
(which is broader upwards in C. cuspidatus) tolerably satisfactorily. C. cuspidatus
“avery common plant, C. castaneus a rare one.

Sect. 3. Difformes. Small or middle-sized, annuals or biennials;
ome 0, or in C. Haspan creeping. Leaves and bracts moderately long,
harrow, weak. Inflorescence umbellate, sometimes reduced to a single

m * Spikelets small, numerous. Glumes scarcely cuspidate. (Sp. 6-

6. ©. fuscus, Linn. Sp. Pi. 69; annual, small, umbel simple com-
pound or reduced to a head, spikes clustered small linear-oblong, nut ellip-
tia triquetrous apiculate 3-4 length of glume. Host Gram. Austr. ii. 49,
AT Kunth Enum. ii. 37; Boeck in Innnxa, xxxv. 585; C. B. Clarke in
ourn, Linn, Soc. xxi. 185; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 370.

Kasum and N.W. HIMALAYA, alt. 6000 ft., Thomson, &.—DisTR1B. West-
to Britain,

rous, Stems cespitose, 2-16 in., weak. Leaves longer or shorter than
AE in. broad, grass-like. Rays of umbel often 1-13 in., sometimes much
£l t; bracts usually exceeding inflorescence. Spikes 4-3 in. in diam. Spikelets
by Ae in., 16-36-fld., often reddish. Glumes boat-shaped, ovate, scarcely
tri Stamens usually 2; anthers oblong, obtuse. Nut equally or unequally
be 00s, pale brown, Style much shorter than nut, deciduous; branches

7. C. difformis, Linn, Sp. Pl. 67; annual, middle-sized, umbel simple
Grond or reduced to 1 head, spikelets very small linear-oblong most
k ly crowded, glumes obovate truncate, nut broad ellipsoid nearly as

as glume. Rottb. Deser. et Ie. 24, t. 9, fig. 2; Roxb. FT. Ind. i. 195;
39. ^ Wight Contrib. 88; Kunth Enum. ii. 38; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FI.

] Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 269; Boeck. in Linnza, xxxv. 586 ; Thw. Enum.
379: King in E J. Atkinson Gaz. x. (1876) 323; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v.
& ; ©. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xx. 290, and xxi. 133. C. Goeringii,
"eet Syn. Cyp. 24; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 271.—Cyperus, Wall. Cat. 3363

y).

MI "ghout INDIA, alt. 0-8000 ft., universal throughout the Old World in rice-
ia, wie? (introduced ?).
TOUS. Stems 4 90 in., acutely triquetrous at top. Leaves usually somewhat
* than stem, 4—1 in. broad, flaccid. Umbe? usually contracted, rays up to 2 in.,
ike, A much larger; bracts 2-10 in., lowest often suberect (i.e. umbel lateral).
In. in diam., globose. Spikelets }-2 by de in., somewhat turgid, 10-
"o Fumes close-packed, concave, very obtuse, straw-colrd., sides more or less
*qua]] l, rarely 2; anther small, oblong, muticous, Nut subsessile, sub-
d trigonous, pale-brown; style much shorter than nut, branches linear short.

600 cLxxu. . OYPERAOEE, (C. B. Clarke.) [Cyperus.

8. C. silletensis, Nees in Wight Contrib. (1834) 79; middle-sized or
slender, stolons 0, umbel contracted or reduced to 1 head, spikes glo se
dense, spikelets small linear many-fld., glumes ovate-oblong, nut oblong:
obovoid i-$ length of glume. Kunth Enum. ii. 33 ; Boeck. in Lannea, “Cat
555; C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 132.—Oyperus, Wall. Cat.
3363 F, 3536 (partly).

BENGAL, AssaM, SIKKIM, and BURMA. roduci

Stems 4-12 in., rather slender at top, flowering the first year, but often p M und
short lateral shoots from the base of stem. Spikes pale brown. Glumes at top
triangular. Otherwise resembling C. difformis.—Seldom collected, but not rare.

9. C. pulcherrimus, Willd. ex Kunth Enum. ii. 35; middle sized,
stolons 0, umbel dense usually compound with innumerable spikes 0, ed
very small linear spikelets, glumes ovate-oblong, their oblong up j^ 1
towards rhachilla, nut broadly ellipsoid 2 length of glume. | Mig. "Lina.
Bat. iii. 267; Boeck. im Linnzma, xxxv. 573; C. B. Clarke in Journ. Zoll.
Soc. xxi. 132; Trimen Cat. Pl. Ceylon, 100. C. eumorphus, Steud. on sis;
Verz. Ind. Archip. ii. 63, and Syn. Cyp. 22; Mig. l. c. 268. C. sil Pty) nd
Thw. Enum. 343. C. Haspan, Benth. Fl. Austral. vii. 270 (partiy):
Cyperus, Wall. Cat. 3357.

SIND, Pimwill. BzNGAL, Wallich. Assam, Grifith, Ze, Geen, Thwaites
PENANG, Curtis, n. 1954, —DISTRIB. Java, Borneo. 2. the crisped
Very near C. silletensis ; dried examples are easily distinguished by the

incurved top of glume. Spikelets very like those of C. flavidus, which is a slender
species.

10. C. Haspan, Linn. Sp. Pl. 66 (partly); middle-sized or set?
pale or red not yellow, rhizome long-creeping but plant often ii pn]
first year, spikelets 2-6-digitate small linear, stamens 3-2, nut oe Nees in
or obovoid 3-4 length of obtuse glume. Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 2105 b. Fi.
Wight Contrib. 80 (partly); Kunth Enum. ii. 34; Dalz. & Gibs. de ‘and
282; Thw. Enum. 343; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 574, var. a part » mi-
var. 8; C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xx. 287, and xxi. 119. ©: den
nifolius, Poir. in Lam. Encyc. vii. 267; Kunth l.c. 98. C. p “Heyne,
Bertol. Mise. Bot. viii, 30, t. 3, fig. 1. Cyperus gracilis, Herb. E
Wall. Cat. 3369, D, E, F, 3372.— Scirpus, Rottb. Descr. et Ic. 58, t. 15 E
(excl. Syn. Linn.). AU

Throughout INDIA; abundant, especially in dibbled rice-fields.—DISTEU^
warm regions.

Glabrous. Rhizome in typical form creeping, 6 in. and upwards,
ovate triangular scales and with distant solitary stems ; but stems often sometimes
on a very short rhizome or with fibrous roots only. Stems 4-30 hort or longer
stout, almost 3-winged at top, sometimes slender trigonous. Leaves shor e, thi
and overtopping the stem, or 0. Umbel small or large, compound or simp
straggling with few spikes, or dense with innumerable spikes ; bracts She eg
and far overtopping umbel, (in Khasia examples) long, + in. broad, tip velopmen
lanceolate. Spikelets 1-2 by Ae in., 10-40-fld., varying much in CoV PE. ugs,
Glumes close-packed, ovate, obtuse, obscurely (or not) mucronate. Ani gcabrid
oblong, often bristly at top. Nut trigonous, slightly compressed, minu les i
or smooth, pale brown (sterile white); style about as long as nut, pp
slightly exsert.—This and many other species show that in Cyperace®

ts.
stem, length and breadth of leaves, development of umbel, length of bracts,
often futile characters.

e w or
1L C. flavidus, Retz. Obs. v. 13; slender, annual, ripe yell

Cyperus. | OLXXII, CYPERACEA. (C. B. Clarke.) 601

finally blackening, stamen 1 (rarely 2), nut plano-convex (plane face against
thachilla), ripe marble-white (otherwise as C. Haspan). Roxb. Fl. Ind. i.
200; Nees in Wight Contrib. 80, in note; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl 283;
C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xx. 287, and xxi. 122 and xxv. 8l. C.
Haspan, Rottb. Descr. et Ic. p. 36, t. 6, fig. 2; Boeck. in Linnsa, xxxv. 574
(Var. a partly). C. tenuispica and C. Fieldingii, Steud. Syn. Cyp. 11. C.
Microcarpus, Boeck. in Bremen Abhandl. vii.37. C. strictus, Herb. Heyne ;
Wall. Cat. 3365. C. Haspan and C. hexangularis, Herb. Wight; Wall.
Cat. 3369, A, B, C.—Cyperus, Wall. Cat. 3313 (partly).

e Throughout INDIA, abundant in rice-fields.—DIısTRIB. Warm regions of the Old
orld.

Lives about 3 months. Bracts usually longer than stem. Glumes rather
smaller than in C. Haspan. Nut very obtuse at top.

Sect. 4. ice, Rhizome woody, very short; rootlets wiry. Inflores-
tence of one head. (Sp. 12-14.)

12. C. Teneriffe, Poir. in Lam. Encyc. vii. 245; stems at base
tylindric thickened by coloured sheaths, spikelets 10-36-fld. much com-
Pressed red, glumes very acute conspicuously mucronate, nut 3 length of
glume, C, nitens, Rotth. in Neue Schr. Ges. Freunde, Berlin, iv. 193, in
Obs, (not of Retz.). C. coromandelinus, Spreng. Syst. i. 217 (not of Boeck.).

-Pectiniformis, Roem. et Sch. Syst. IL, Mant. 128 (not of Nees). C.
Pectinatus, Roch, Fl. Ind. i. 190 (not of Vahl). C. Wightii, Nees in Wight
Contrib, 78; Kunth Enum. ii. 99; Boeck. in Linnæa, xxxv. 507. CO. rubi-
tundus, Kunth 7, c. 49; Webb et Berth. Phyt. Canar. iii. 361, t. 240 (nut

acute); O. B. Olarke in Journ Linn. Soc. xxi. 104 (not of Vahl). C.
menarius, Herb, Heyne; Wall. Cat. 3314, A (partly). C. nitens, Herb.

; Wall. Cat. 3314, B.

Deccan PzwiwsULA, Rottler, Wight. Poona, Woodrow. NirGHiRIS, Ho-

cker—Distrip. Africa, Arabia. .

G brous, whole plant usually more or less red; stolons O. Stems 2-11 in.
Leaves usually 2 length of stem, 1—1 in. broad, weak; sheaths broad, usually scarious,
I" racts 2, lower 1-1} in. Spikelets 3-20 in 1 head, 3 by iin. Glumes
"Packed, much imbricated at base, 9-15-striate, keel very acute excurrent con-
‘Picuously, Stamens 3; anthers nearly muticous. Nut obovoid, triquetrous with
Zoe faces, reticulate black and white; style as long as nut, branches linear.—
ae Dicundus, Vahl, is a Puerto Rico plant; and the description can hardly (ad-
nitting error in habitat) refer to C. Teneriffe, as Vahl does not describe the
i ent mucro of the glumes. Finally, even were our plant C. rubicundus, Vahl,
e must take the earlier name of Teneriffe. The name C. nitens, Rottler, is
Ze. but C. nitens, Retz., cannot be set aside, because almost the only certain

thing regarding it, is that it was not a Pycreus, and therefore not the Cyperus nitens,
auctorum, ,

13. C. niveus Retz. Obs. v. 12; culms at base nodose closely uni-
gate, spikelets 3-12 in one head strongly compressed linear-oblong 20—4C-
of eor cinnamomeous, glumes muticous, nut oblong-obovoid + length

Slume. Roxb, Fl. Ind. i. 191; Nees in Wight Contrib. 78; Kunth
Crew ii. 45; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 271; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 530 ;
14. Oat. Punjab Pl. 155, and in Journ. Linn. Soc. xix. 189; C. B. Clarke
^ 108.—Cyperus, Wall. Cat. 3317.

Hydra KASHMIR to UPPER BURMA, alt. 0-6000 ft. and southward to Calcutta and
Gl bad. Duer ern. Cabul, China.
abrous, Rhizome woody, almost wholly constructed of the nodose bases of

602 | CLXXIL OYPERACEX. (C. B. Clarke.) [Cyperus.

i 2,1 in. broad, weak.
tems, Stems 8-16 in., slender. Leaves à length of stem, de O à
Braets 2-3, up to 1-14 in. Spikelets commonly 3 by % in. (sometimes keng
as long). Glwmes very close-packed, acutely keeled, many-nerved.
trigonous, black ; style nearly as long as nut, branches linear.

odose at
14. C. leucocephalus, Retz. Obs. v. 11; stems slender n

base, with one dense globose white head, spikelets compressed, gamos
oblong-obtuse obscurely 3-l-nerved, nut oblong i-$ lengt d of 8 zeng
Kunth Enum. ii. 97; Boeck. in Linnza, xxxv. 590; C. B. Clar i n it?
Linn. Soc. xxi. 107. C. pulchellus, Br. Prodr. 213. C. sorostae y". T Tad.
l.c. 588. Sorostachys kyllingioides, Steud. Syn. Cyp. 71; à tall Cat.
Bat. iii. 296.—Cyperus, Wall. Cat. 3536 (partly). Lipocarpha, .
3445, D.

Scattered from Moneuir, Wallich, to MYSORE, Law, and MARTABAN, Wallich;
seldom collected).—DistR1B. Tropics generally. . ves
( Glabrous. Ge 4-10 in., cepspitose on a very short woody rhizome Bu in
about 4 length of stem, narrow. Inflorescence 3-4 in. in diam. Spi long KS
large forms nearly 4 by + in., up to 28-fld.; in small only % in. ut, branches
Stamen 1. Nut black, white reticulate; style much shorter than nut,
linear small.

. ick, often
Sect. 5. Conglomerati. Rhizome woody, creeping; rootlets thick, o
woolly. Inflorescence umbelled or with 1 head. (Sp. 15-19.)

. . uch-
15. C. arenarius, Retz. Obs. iv. 9 ; stems solitar distant Die
divided creeping rhizome subterete at top 1-headed, spikete trigonous
oblong 10-16-fld., glumes ovate obtuse, nut obovoid unequp Y m. ii. 46;
i length of glume. Mees in Wight Contrib. 77; Kunth Enu A. XXXV.
Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 284; Thw. Enum. 342; Boeck. in Linne Soc. xxi.
936 ; Aitch. Cat. Punjab Pl.154; O. B. Clarke in Journ. Fan of Rottb.).
106. C. conglomeratus, var. y Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 369 (not of Trimen
Robartia indica, Linn. Fl. Zeyl. 17, & Amon. Acad. i. 388) 10 "fig. Je
in Journ. Linn, Soc. xxiv. 135.) — Pluk. Almag. 178, t. 300, Jeu
Cyperus, Wall. Cat. 3314 A. (partly), 3535.—Scirpus glomeratus,
Heyne; Wall. Cat. 3460.

Seacoast from SIND to CEYLON and Orissa. PungaB PLA!
Duthie.—Di18TRIB. Persia, Arabia. 2 in. Leaves often

Glabrous. Rhizome slender, roots not woolly. Stems 4-12 nn. berect often 35
overtopping stem, AA in. broad. Bracts 2-3, lowest 2—4 in. long, Glumes
though continuing stem. Spikelets straw-colrd., finally brown. e very
shaped, strongly 3-nerved. Nut concavo-convex dusky black; style
branches linear longish.

short,

. roots
16. C. conglomeratus, Rottb. Descr. et Ic. 21, t. 15 f E ie linear
woolly, stems at base approximate somewhat thickened, Sp! d unequally
rather large 8-16-fld., glumes minutely mucronate, nut obovoló P poiss.
trigonous j length of glume. Decne. in Ann. Se. Nat. ser. 2, 1. 5
l. Orient. v. 369 (var. a in great part). C. Jeminicus,, xxxv.
le. 25, t. 8, fig. 1 (not of Retz). C. pungens, Boeck. in Linnen, 113. €
(except part of a elata); C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. XY-
proteinolepis, var. 8 pumila, Boeck. 1. c. 523.
SIND; Lace.—DisTRIB.; Westwd. to N. Africa. 94 iny SOME”
Glabrous. Rhizome sometimes elongate, j-iin.in diam. Stems on ple, not
what robust. Leaves often 4 length of stem and upwards. Um
rarely contracted into 1 head; rays often 3—4, about 1 in. long.

Cyperus.] OLXXII. CYPERACEE. (C. B. Clarke.) 603

17. C. pachyrrhizus, Nees ex Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 545; stems
long robust at top trigonous 1-headed, leaves often as long as stem rigid
concave, bracts 3-4 long spreading, spikelets very numerous densely
agglomerated (otherwise as C. conglomeratus). C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn.
Boc. xxi. 111 ; Trimen Cat. Pl. Ceylon, 100. C. conglomeratus, Tw. Enum.

- C. arenarius, Prain Laccadive Pl. in Ic. Mem. Med. Off. Army Ind.,
part v. (1890), 54 (not of Retz.). O. leucocephalus, Wight ms. (partly).

CEYLON ; Thwaites, Wight, LACCADIVE Isups. ; Hume.

Roots densely woolly, Stems 12-20 in. Head more than 1 in. in diam. of

spikelets.—Trimen doubts (with reason) whether this is other than a large
of C. conglomeratus, Rottb.

18. C. effusus, Rottb. Descr. et Ic. 22, t. 12, fig. 3; spikelets linear
compressed 20-60-fld., glumes most densely packed scarcely mucronate
otherwise as C. conglomeratus). Kunth Enum. ii. 47; Edgew. in Journ.
4s. Soc. Beng. xvi. 1990, C. proteinolepis, Steud. Syn. Cyp. 15; Boeck.
i Linnza, xxxv. 522; O. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 113. C. con-
glomeratus, var. effusa, Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 369. C. conglomeratus, var.

Major, Boeck. l.c. 544; C. B. Clarke l.c. 119. C. curvulus, Boeck.
:€ 941 (partly). C. densus, Br. in Salt Abyss. Append. 62.

SIND; Pinwi]].— DisTR(B. Westwd. to N. Africa.

kelets 1—1 by 35-1 in. broad, much narrower than in C. conglomeratus.
cU. effusus includes many plants differing greatly in size (as does C. conglomeratus)

t all unlike C. conglomeratus in the exceeding closely packed glumes; the spike-
ts are not longer than in C. conglomeratus, but have twice as many flowers.

19. c. Atkinsoni, C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 109; roots
tot woolly, stems thickened at base approximated on a short rhizome top
Sir terete, umbel simple contracted, spikelets linear much compressed

fid. pale brown (otherwise as C. effusus.)
Ka SENTR; Bimbur, Atkinson. N.W. HIMALAYA; Kotgurh, Thomson. SIND;
chee, Stocks. _
as plant is not very near C. niveus (where originally placed) differing not
cy by the umbellate spikes but by the structure of the spikelet, which is very
^" to that of C. effusus. Though the character of woolly rootlets holds good in
hat group throughout a great series of herbarium material, Schweinfurth tells me
t ìt is not to be relied on for the discrimination of species, as it is merely an
Ptation for growth in sand.

b Sect. 6. Diffusi. Tall or middle-sized perennials with green somewhat
Ce en 9-nerved leaves. Umbels compound, generally decompound.
20-96.)

b. €. diffusus, Vahl Enum. ii. 321; spikelets 4-24-fld., glumes

Sadly ovate suddenly acute-mucronate in fruit somewhat distant upper
ou Eins not imbricate, nut broadly ellipsoid triquetrous subpyramidal at

her end à length of glume. Nees in Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. xix.
SI, 1.58; Mig. FI. Ind. Bat.iii. 264. C. elegans, Sw. Obs. Bot. 30 ; Kunth
X um. ii. 28; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 533 ; C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc.
in 288 and xxi. 195 excl. tab. Sloane (not Linn.). C. longifolius, Decne.
b Nous, Ann. Mus. iii. 359; Ridley in Forbes East. Archip. 520 (not
wy C. mostus, Kunth lc. 31. C. nigro-viridis, Thw. Enum. 344.
D. Oe Wall. Cat. 3358, 3362, 3370, A. Hypslyptum, Gif. Itin. Notes,

604 CLXXH. CYPERACER. (C. B. Clarke.) [ Cyperus.

Throughout INDIA, except the dry west, common from SIKKIM and AssAM to
CEYLON and PENANG.—DISTRIB. All warm regions. . ften as

Glabrous. Rhizome very short; roots wiry. Stems 8-30 in. Leaves OTe me
long as stem, 1—2 in. broad, flat, green, 3-nerved. Umbel 4-12 in. in diam," tt
pound (depauperated examples with few spikes occur) ; bracts 4-10, up e 1).
leaf-like. Spikelets 3-9 together, digitate, 3—5 by 1—j in. (sometimes muc ongoi
Glumes boat-shaped, green, back 3-5-nerved; wings of rhachilla narrow, v gei
duous. Stamens 3-2; anthers small, linear-oblong, often (when young) with a times
linear-lanceolate crest. Nut dusky black; style much shorter than nut, ep e
hardly any; branches linear, shortly exsert.—One of the commonest of t e g Tx
best known as C. elegans, Linn., but no part of Linnæus’s elegans, whose 3 Prip-
figure cited, and his description, are all of C. viscosus, Aiton. Nor can his P i
tion include C. diffusus, Vahl. Kunth, in transferring the name C. elegans, ,
to this plant, followed Swartz and Willdenow.

21. C. pubisquama, Steud. in Zoll. Verz. Ind. Archip. 1. 62 and Syn
Cyp. 20 ; spikelets very numerous rigid, glumes minutely mucronate Zei
puberulous, their upper margins tightly imbricate even in fr uit (othe Syn.
as C. diffusus). Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. ii. 266. C. lagorensis, Steud. 534
Cyp.36. C. diffusus, Kunth Enum. ii. 30; Boeck. in Linnæa, xxxv. 8953
C. B. Olarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 127 aud xxv. 8l; Troe

Journ. Bot. xxiii. 140 (not of Vahl or Roæb.).—Cy perus, Wall. Cat. 3370,

From AssAM and BURMA to PERAK and CEYLON.—DISTRIB. Malay Weier
Differs, uniformly, from large examples of C. diffusus, Vahl in
packed glumes (even in fruit); but might be treated as a var.

. : l
22. C. Helferi; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxviii. 360; middle-sized, €
middle-sized flaccid, glumes distant ovate-lanceolate shortly m Toure.
nut } length of glume (otherwise as C. diffusus). C. B. Clarke m
Linn. Soc. xxi. 128.—Fimbristylis, Wall. Cat. 3528. mtn, (Ke
Burma; Chappedong River, Wallich. Prau; Kurz. MERGUI; Grifith
Distrib. 6140). TENASSERIM or ANDAMANS, Helfer (Kew Distrib. 6140).

ee e
23. C. multispicatus, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxviii. 362; umbel VET
decompound, spikelets many solitary compressed slenderer, glumes ó as
imbricated minutely mucronate, nut A length of glume (other, multi-
diffusus). C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 129 (and 14, V
striatus, by error).

CACHAR; Keenan. TENASSERIM or ANDAMANS ; Helfer (Kew D istrib. 6169) y

Umbel 12-16 in. across; spikelets innumerable, in Helfer’s specimen r digitate.
pedicelled solitary, in Keenan’s about half solitary half 2-3 togethe
Glumes in fruit with upper margins imbricated.

24. C. Kurzii, C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. XX Kee
very decompound secondary rays rigidly divaricate, spikele ` rian ar
wings of rhachilla broad persistent, glumes closely imbricate tip
acute scarcely mucronate (otherwise as C. multispicatus).

ANDAMAN ISLES; Phæacia, Kurz. : S 20-24

This does not match any of the foregoing closely-allied species (nn
inclusive). : at

. 799; stem

25. C. turgidulus, C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soe. 1 190: es cate,
top triquetrous almost 3-winged, umbel dense secondary TA sal globose
spikelets few-fid. turgid sometimes almost terete clustered in

Cyperus. | CLXXIL CYPERAOEX. (C. B. Clarke.) 605

heads (otherwise as C. diffusus). Scirpus trialatus, Boeck. in Linnea,
mxvi. 721.—Isolepis, Wall. Cat. 3473.

From Preu to PENANG and MALACCA, frequent, Helfer (Kew Distrib. 6164),
&.—DisrRIB. S. China.

Stems 12-20 in. Umbels 3-4 in. in diam. Spikelets usually about 6-fld.

20. C. radians, Nees & Meyen ex Nees in Linnea, ix. 285 (name)
and in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. xix. Suppl. 1, 63; umbel simple or compound
rays longer than stem, spikelets 1-30 clustered compressed or nearly

ete, glumes broad striate mucronate, nut broad ovoid 4 length of glume.
Benth. Fl. Hongk. 386; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 515; C. B. Clarke in
Journ. Linn, Soc. xxi. 100. C. radicans, Kunth Enum. ii. 95. C. Griffithii,
Steud. Syn. Oyp. 316 ; C. B. Clarke, l. c. 101. C. macropus, Mig. Fl. Ind.
Bat. Suppl. 260, 599 (not of Boeck.). C. sinensis, Debeaux in Act. Linn.
Boc. Bordeauz, xxxi. 14, t. 2, and. xxxviii. 30.—Cyperus, Wall. Cat. 3371,
B. (partly). Rynchospora, Wall. Cat. 3427.

Maray PENINSULA. TENASSERIM, Helfer (Kew Distrib. 6209); SINGAPORE,

allich.— DISTRIB. China, Malaya.

Glabrous. Rhizome very short ; stolons 0. Stems frequently less than 1 in. Leaves
much exceeding stem, 4 in. broad, rigid, not 3-nerved, often becoming brown. Rays
of umbel always remarkably long (13 in. in Maingay, n. 1721). Spikes 3-2 in.
m diam., sometimes globose, dense with 10-30 spikelets, sometimes in clusters
of 2-5 spikelets, or occasionally spikelets mostly solitary pedicelled. Spikelets 4 by

m., 6-12-fld.; rhachilla not winged. GZlumes closely imbricate, green usually
marked with red, muticous. Wut and style much as in C. diffusus.—Ridley has
Proved C, Grifithii to be only a form of C. radians. This unmistakable species is
hot very closely allied to C. diffusus ; but, unless a section is made for it alone, it is
Mot clear where it can be better arranged than at the tail of the Diffusi.

Subgen. III. CHORISTACHYS. Infi. umbellate, spikes often more or less
Torymbed ; spikelets (sometimes very shortly) spicate. Style-branches

far. (Sp. 27-61.) [N.B.—There is no line of separation between this
Subgenus and II. Pycnostachys. }

b Series A. Rhachilla of spikelets not much winged. Leaves and bracts
hg (except in C. malaccensis). (Sp. 27-39.)

Sect. 1, Compressi. Annuals, or sometimes flowering the second year.
(Sp. 27-31.

27. C. compressus, Linn. Sp. Pl. 68; green, leaves and bracts long,
Ze simple, spikes of 3-10 spikelets very shortly spicate, glumes boat-
“taped keel acute excurrent, rhachilla of spikelets not winged, nut obovoid
puse black acutely triquetrous with concave faces. Burm. Fl. Ind. 21;
Me’ Fi. Ind. i. 194; Nees in Wight Contrib. 76; Kunth Enum. ii. 23;
ml Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 263 and Suppl. 260, 599; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FI.
Li ; Thw. Enum. 349; King in E. T. Atkinson Gaz. x. 320; Boeck. in
se "ën, xxxv. 517; ©. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xx. 284 and xxi.
ke Boiss, Fl. Orient. v. 372 (not of Jacq.). C. pectiniformis, Nees
D Wight Contrib. 77 (excl. syn. Rowb.). C. Meyenii, Nees et Meyen im
308 ct. Nat. Cur. xix. Suppl. i. 57.—C. viridis, Herb. Rowb.; Wall. Cat.

DigaTorghout INDIA; from the Punjab and Assam to Ceylon and Singapore.—
+ All warm countries (except Australia).

606 CLXXIL OYPERACEE. (C. B. Clarke.) [ Cyperus.

Glabrous. Stems cmspitose, 4-16 in., or (in the form C. pectiniformis, Nees)
0-2 in. Leaves often nearly as long as stem, $-} in. broad. Umbel rays 0-6 in. ;
bracts often longer than umbel, leaf-like. Spikelets 4-1 by i-i in. (in form proe
formis up to 14 in. and 20-60-fld. Glumes densely, not rigidly, imbricated, ova »
many-nerved, mucro scarcely recurved. Stamens 3; anthers linear-oblong, nis M
apiculate. Mut } length of glume, very broad; style shorter than nut, branc
linear shortly exsert.

98. C. glaber, Linn. Mant. 179; umbels contracted, spikelets very
closely spicate more or less red-tinged, glumes muticous or very neary key
nut obovoid obtuse minutely conic-apiculate (otherwise as C. compr "az,
Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ. viii. 32, t. 280, fig. 669; Boeck. in Linnza, xxx d
C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 104; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 371. ^
patulus, Kitaib. ex Host Gram. Austr. ii. 49, t. 74; Kunth Enum. Y.
24; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. iv. 240 (not of Bieb.).

Bn: Pinwill.—DrisTRIB. Westward to Sicily. . nin C.
Umbel rays 3-13 in. Glwmes nearly always reddish on the sides (gree
compressus).

29. C. aristatus, Rottb. Descr. et Ic. 23, t. 6, fig. 13. small am
nearly simple or reduced to 1 head, spikelets densely spicate b adth
glumes ovate-lanceolate many-striate over nearly their whole lon th
acuminate into a recurved bristle, nut oblong or narrow-obovoid $ eag 3
of glume (bristle inclusive). Roxb. FL. Ind. i. 190; Kunth Enum Za
(excl. syn. Burm.) ; Strachey Cat. Pl. Kumaon 74; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bo
262; Thw. Enum. 343 (excl. syn. Ham.); Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 100 "e
B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 91; Trimen Cat. Ceylon P L C ntrib.
squarrosus, Linn. Sp. Pl. 66 (partly). C. versicolor, Nees ins Wight Uo lata
78. C. arenarius, Herb. Wight; Wall. Cat. 3374, 3375.—Isolepis echinwia™
Kunth Enum, ii. 205.

T TRoPICAL and Temp. HIMAL. ; alt. 0-8500 ft., and thence to Ceylon.—D!
Tropics,

STRIB.

30. C. Iria, Linn. Sp. PL. 07 (excl. Rheede); leaves and bracts ne
spikelets spicate or subracemose linear 6-20-fld., glumes obovate 1
hardly imbricate, nut triquetrous nearly as long as glume. Jo" d. Bat.
i. 201; Nees in Wight Contrib. 87 ; Kunth Enum. ii. 38; Mig. Fl, In Journ.
iii, 269 and Suppl. 260; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 282; Edgew. im oon
Linn. Soc. ix. 319; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 595; King in E. T. A 3 ;
Gaz. x. 620; Aitch. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xix. 189 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient. ‘Kare .
C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xx. 289 and xxi. 137. C. songarieu
et Kiril. in Bull Soc, Mosc. [1841] 859. C. seminudus, Moritz ver Verz.
Pf. 96 (not of Rozb.). C. diaphaniria and microiria, Steud. m Zo Maurit.
Ind. Archip. ii. 62 and Syn. Cuyp. 23. C. microlepis, Baker Fi. rea,

410 (not of Boeck.).—Cyperus, Wall. Cat. 3360, 3361.—Oy perus, Coldst
Grass. 8. Punjab, t. 38, A.

INDIA, general in rice-fields.—DisrRIB. Old world. 1

A glabrousshortlived weed. Stems esespitose, 4-20 in. Leaves often per tn size;
as stem, 4 in. broad, grass-like, Umbel 2-20 in. in diam., varying greatly rym
usually compound, 3-5, up to 4-12 in.; primary rays sometimes at y ies 5-20,
sometimes again umbelled. Spikes very loosely spicate, rhachis 3-2 in. Spl e
obliquely erect, yellow or brown (not red nor chestnut), 4—4 by Ze in; T :
winged. Glumes 3—5-nerved on back, sides nerveless, muticous or scarcely

Stamens 2 or 3; anthers oblong, muticous. Nut triquetrous, black; sty

iculate.
le muc

Cyperus.] OLXXIL CYPERACEE, (C. B. Clarke.) 607

shorter than nut, branches linear shortly exsert.—Rheede Hort. Malad. xii. 105, t.
56, cited by Linnzus, &c., is C. inundatus, Roxb.
Var. B paniciformis (sp.) Franch. et Savat. Pl. Japon. ii. 103, 537; spikelets
2-4 nuts, spikes (in the extreme typical form) drawn out into nearly linear
Metu parviflorus, Nees in Wight Contrib. 87 (excl. all syn.). C. Iria, Thw.
Mim. 944.
From Kashmir to Ceylon and the Andamans.

3l. C. glomeratus, Linn. Sp. Pl. 68; large, without stolons, leaves
and bracts long narrow, umbel compound, spikelets in very dense short-
tylindrie spikes, glumes elliptic-oblong obtuse ferruginous finally brown,
tut oblong 3 length of glume, Host Gram. Austr. ii. 48, t. 71; Kunth
Enum. ii. 77 ; Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ. viii. 33, t. 284, fig. 675, Boeck. in Linnea,
Si 992; C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 141; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v.
12,
mR; Sonamurg, alt. 6500 ft., T'homson.—DisTRIB. From Italy to China

apan,

` Glabrous. Stems 12-33 m. Leaves often as long as stems, i-i in. broad.
we rays 3-8 up to 3-4 in. long, often concentrated nearly into 1 head; bracts
n) 12 in. long. Spikes $ by $ in. Spikelets 40-50, 3 by A in., compressed,

20-ld. Glumes scarcely keeled, -in fruit loosely imbricated; rhacheola with
‘tow hyaline wings, Stamens 3; anthers small, oblong, muticous. Nut exactly
iong, pyramidal at either end, dusky black; style much shorter than nut,

üches linear shortly exsert.

Sect. 2, Rhizome becoming woody; elongate stolons frequent. Large

(r middle-sized). (Sp. 39-39)

32. ©. distans, Linn. f. Suppl. 103 ; umbel large compound, spikelets
que narrow-linear 10-20-fld., glumes remote oblong-elliptic obtuse, nut
ong or narrowly ellipsoid 1-2 length of glume. Jacq. Ie. ii. t. 299;

- Fl. Ind. i. 207; Nees in Wight Contrib. 88; Kunth Enum. ii. 93;

w. Enum. 344; Boeck. in Linnæa, xxxv. 612; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl.
i Duthie in E. T. Atkinson Gaz. x. 620; C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn.
lin, Xx. 290 and xxi. 144. C. elatus, Rottb. Descr. et Ic. 37, t. 10 (not of
vil C. nutans, Presl in Oken. Isis. xxi. 271; C. B. Clarke, l c. 291 and
49 (partly). C. Jacquini, Schrad. in Linnea, xi., Litt. Ber. 87; Steud. l. c.
Cr graminicola, Steud. in Zoll. Verz. Ind. Archip. ii. 63 and Cyp. 49.

D 3350) 3

Uri, Steud. Syn. Gan, 38 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 279.—Cyperus, Wall.
, 3366.

qj Pom the HIMALAYA, alt. 0-3000 ft., to CEYLON and SINGAPORE.—DISTRIB.
regions.
pit? nous. Stolons up to 2 by Ae in. clothed by dark brown elliptic acute scales.
road “8 ft. (depauperated less than 1 in.). Leaves often as long as stem, 4—3 in.
Umbel 8-12 in. in. diam., from a single head 2} in. diam. to an umbel with
Gi 6 in. copiously 3-4 times compound; bracts rather longer than umbel,
Wë, Rhachis of spike 4-2 in., glabrous. Spikelets 3-1 by gs in. young
& mature spreading at right angles, more or less red; wings of rhachilla
b yaline, ultimately caducous. Stamens 3; anthers oblong, muticous. Mut
"A lack ; Style much 'shorter than nut, branches shortly exsert.—The slender
thames of spikelet, apparently wavy from the very distant scars of the fallen
> Usually marks this species.

d, s. „nutans, Vahl Enum. ii. 363; large, EE septi ie.
Spicate) ri be lumes somewhat remote often minutely

lu ripe suberect, glume d J
Netonate (otherwise as large Samples of C. distans). Kunth Enum. ii.

608 OLXXII, CYPERACEH. (C. B. Clarke.) [Cyperus.

94; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 286; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 597. C. B. Clarke
in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 143 (excl. syn. and Madag.). C. exaltatus,
Strachey Cat. Pl. Kumaon, 74; Duthie in E. T. Atkinson Gaz. x. 620 (not of
Retz). CO. distans, 8 major, Thw. Enum. 432.—Cyperus, n. 94, Herb.
Ind. Or. H. f. et T. T.

From the PUNJAB to CACHAR and CEYLON. .

Usually 2-33 ft. Umbel primary rays often 8-12 in.; spikes bowing on the
ultimate rays. Spikelets in ripe fruit collapsing in a tassel (not spreading at right
angles as in C. distans), rather broader than in C. distans with less remote
glumes.—It is difficult to draw a line between this species and fine examples of C.
distans.

34. C. eleusinoides, Kunth Enum. ii. 39; umbel large com-
pound, spikelets densely spicate linear 20-40-fld., glumes not very remo
often mucronulate, nut narrowly ellipsoid often curved i-i length B
glume. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 970; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 596; C. B.
Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 142 and xxv. 81; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v.
371. C. xanthopus, Steud. in Flora, xxv. 595 and Syn. Cyp. 36 ; Thur:
Enum. 344. C.infra-apicalis, Nees mss. ; Aitch. Cat. Punjab Pl. 155, an
in Journ. Linn. Soc. xix. 189. C. racemosus, fastigiatus and my
Herb. Heyne ; Wall. Cat. 3346. C. complanatus, Herb. Wight ; Wall. Cat.
3347.

From the PUNJAB to CEYLON, frequent; the Naga Hills, C. B. Clarke. —DISTRIP.
Asia, Africa, Austral. lons

Glabrous. Stems 15-40 in., with short lateral shoots at base ; no elongate sto eg
seen. Spikelets 2-3 by } in., pale or testaceous, scarcely becoming red or chestn
brown as in C. distans and nutans, to which species it is closely allied.

35. €. Thomsoni, Boeck. in Linnæa, xxxvi. 295; rhizome very shot
woody, umbel dense large compound or contracted nearly simple, sp “ji
somewhat large spicate linear 16-24-fld. pale, glumes loosely imbricate de T
tic subacute, nut oblong or ellipsoid 1-3 length of glume, C. B. di fd
Journ: Linn. Soc. xxi. 177.—Cyperus sp. n. 55, Herb. Ind. Or. B-J

SIKKIM TERAI, ASSAM, CacHAR and BENGAL.—DISTRIB. Tonkin.

Glabrous. Stems 12-20 in., robust. Leaves often as long as SU» $5
broad, strong. Umbel (in Hooker n. 263 (* type" of Boeckler) 4$ bel n
but often much larger (primary rays up to 7 in.) ; bracts exceeding umbe oderately
dense, rhachis 3-3 in.; glabrous. Spikelets 20-40 nearly 1 by 4 Sieg very
compressed; wings of rhacheola very narrow, persistent. Glwmes with
close dorsal nerves, sides nerveless. Stamens 3; anthers linear-oblong i
minutely tipped by red obtuse connective. Nut trigonous, black, top *
pyramidal ; style shorter than nut; branches linear, shortly exsert.

tely

. 8
36. C. malaccensis, Lam. Il. i. 146; rhizome oreeping, D

robust almost 3-winged at top, spikelets spicate linear 6-12-fid., ]
obtuse when dry with mar Se incurved ail round, nut very peni
oblong ł length of glume. Kunth Enwm.ii.74; Boeck.in In seCh, 373
603; C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 147 ; Boiss. FI. Orient. ticus
(excl. syn. C. enodis). C. odoratus, Linn. Sp. Pl. 46 (partly). C. oo Ind. i
Roxb. ms.; Wall. Cat. 3351 A (partly). U. incurvatus, ab. F "iiy, ie
196. C. Pangorei, Roxb. l. c. 202. C. procerus, Rowd. l. c. 208 Ge 3595
at least tab. cited). C. scoparius, Decne. in Nouv. Ann. Mus: "Nees in
Ridley im Forbes East. Archip. 520 (not Poir. C. Wallichii ^

Üyperus.] OLXXII, OYPERACEE, (C. B. Clarke.) 609

Wight Contrib. 83 (part of Wall. n. 3342 C. with trifid style). OC. spanio-
hyllas, Steud. Cyp. 21; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 267. O. tegetiformis,
eh. Fl. Austral. vii. 279 mostly (not Roxb.). C. Pangorei and Pani-
es, Herb. Ham. ; Wall. Cat. 3329, M. N.—Rheede Hort. Mal. xii. 93, t.

On brackish mud banks, from BENGAL to SINGAPORE. SiND; Pinwill.—
STRIB. Asia, Austral., Polynes.
Glabrous. Stolons long, 3-2 in. diam., clothed by broad lax black-chestnut
es 1 in. long, hardening into woody creeping rhizomes. Stems 18-36 in., at
top i-pin. in diam. with 3 concave faces. Leaves usually few, topmost 2-6 in.
eect, green, sword -shaped, shortly caudate. Umbel 2-6 in. in diam., simple com-
pound or congested ; bracts 3-5, up to 6 by 2 in., lowest usually erect (till fruit-
tine). Spikes of 4-10 spikelets, rhachis glabrous. Spikelets $-} by 35x% in.
lwmes about zy in., very concave, in dry examples loosely imbricated. Stamens
3; anthers linear-oblong, not crested. Nut trigonous, becoming black; style $
length of nut; branches linear, slightly exsert.—This perhaps from its short leaves
5 more nearly allied to (C. tegetiformis, Roxb., but differs in the very narrow wing
to rhachilla, Easily recognized, when dry, by the glumes (though closely packed)
ing forced apart by their edges being crispidly incurved all round.—Cyperus,
(tb. Deser, et Ic. p. 40, t. 11, fig. 3, is adduced here by various authors; but I
hot see how it differs from C. polystachyus, Rottb. (which may be anything except
Jtreus po lystachyus, Beauv. ).

87. €. pilosus, Vah? Enum. ii. 354; stolons slender, stems at top
antely triquetrous, secondary umbels closely corymbed, rhachis of spikes
paorous-pilose (or in form C. marginellus and var. y glabrous); spikelets
„dear 10-20-fd., nut ellipsoid apiculate 2 length of glume. Kunth Enum.

; Strachey Cat. Pl. Kumaon, 74; Thw. Enum. 344; Boeck. in Linnea,
la" 998; Duthie in E. T. Atkinson Gaz. x. 620; C. B. Olarke in Journ.
i" Boc. xxi. 148 and xxv. 81. C. paniculatus, D. Don Prodr. 39 (cf.
SCH, Syst. Cur. Post. 29). C. Donianus, Dietr. Sp. Pl. ii. 290. C.
Ans, Nees in Wight Contrib, 86; Kunth lc. 100; W. Wats. in E. T.
1, son Gaz. x. 393. C. marginellus, Nees in Wight Contrib. 89; Kunth
5,5 O. procerus, Roth. Catal. Bot. iii. 5 and Nov. PL Sp. 35; Ners Lc.
7 (partly, not Rottb.). C. honestus, Kunth l. c. 74. C. venustus, Moritzi
2, Zoll, Pfl. 96 (not Br.) C.subalatus, pauciflorus, and hebes, Steud.
2 Dun, 31,34, 315. C piptolepis, Steud. in Zoll. Verz. Ind. Archip. ii.
bea Syn. Gan, 40. C. Heyneanus, Boeck. in Flora, xlii. 440 bis. C.
p, 508, Franch. et Savat. Pl. Jap.ii. 105 (not of Turcz). C. Griffithianus,
War m Linnea, xxxv. 601. C. Wallichii, Wight ms. (not Nees).—Cyperus,

Cat, 3334, 3348, 3355 (partly).

lage UBhout INDIA, alt. 0-5000 ft., abundant.—DISTRIB. Trop. As., Afric., and

i brons, except the rhachis of spikes. Stolons scarcely j' in. diam., with
lt nodes and scales 4—4 in. long, easily overlooked when young as roots, but
5; ards thickening somewhat into a wiry rhizome. Stems from 3 ft. with umbel
: across, to 4 in. with umbel reduced to 1 head. Leaves often $ length of stem,
= Toad ; bracts overtopping umbel, leaf-like. hachis of spikes in most
Ples definitely pilose, often only more or less scabrous subpilose, in the form
Nidish 73 Microscopically glabrous, Spikelets (commonly) $ by de in., compressed,
9r brown or straw-colrd., close or remote, when ripe spreading at right
hj? rhacheola obscurely (or not) winged. Glwmes ovate, muticous, scarcely
linear T-nerved on back, ultimately loosely imbricated. Stamens 3; anthers
oblong, muticous. Nut acutely trigonous, black; style shorter than nut;

vop „ dear, moderately exserted.— Of all Cyperec this has proved the most
L ovr . Rr

610 OLXXIL OYPERAOEEZ, (C. B. Clarke.) [ Cyperus.

dangerous to Cyperologists ; many examples have the rhachis of the spikes distinctly
seabrous-pilose, occasionally it M quite glabrous. Further, there are two plants
exceedingly like C. pilosus in general aspect, viz. Juncellus Monti and Cyperns
procerus, Rottb., andin both of these the rhachis of spikelets is occasionally scabro
pilose.
. D e I
Var. B obliqua, C. B. Clarke l.c. 151; spikelets with fewer (sometimes ony
5-6) flowers often pale and very far apart. C. obliquus, Nees in Wight oniri;
86; Kunth Enum. ii. 60; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 611; W. Wats. W "a
Atkinson Gaz. x. 383. C. quinqueflorus, Hochst. ms. ; Steud. syn yp.
(partly).—INp1A; widely scattered, but very much less common than the type.
Java.

: bels

Var. y polyantha, C. B. Clarke Le: umbel rays 2j in., secondary um `
corymbose, rhachis of spikes nearly glabrous, spikelets 1 in. 40-45-fld. chestnut
red.—Bengal; Mymensingh, C. B. Clarke.

38. C- Babakensis, Steud. in Zoll. Verz. Ind. Archip. ii. 62; umbel of
few rays, secondary umbels condensed into oblong or square dense neis
compound-spikes, rhachis of spikes not pilose (scarcely scabrous), PP brow!
more robust than those of C. pilosus, glumes boat-shaped hispid-sta L. in
at the top of keel, nut hardly 3 glume (otherwise as C. pilosus). GC in
Linnea, xxxv. 521. C. Babakan, Steud. Syn. Cup. 6 (wr ongly P arke D
Pycreus). C. bengalensis and pilosus, var. ô Babakensis, C. B. "3 E.
Journ. Linn, Soc. xxi. 151. C. Bacha, Herb. Ham.; Wall. Cat.
(partly).

. 6

East BENGAL; Griffith (Kew Distrib. n. 6207); Nathpur, Wallich, n- we

E. (partly) ; Mymensingh, C. B. Clarke. — DisTRIB. Java. t. Spike

Rays of wmbel 3-6, lowest much longer than the others, erect, stou rhacheola

2 by 1} in. very dense. Spikelets $ by i-j in., 14-40-fid., red-brown; *
stout.

39. C. procerus, Rottb. Descr. et Ic. 29, t. 5, fig. 9 ; stout, gs e
(but see var. 8), secondary umbels loosely corymbed of 1-5 spt length 0
lets remote large 20-46-fld., glumes broad obtuse, nut. obovoid L Ze, &
glume (otherwise nearly as large C. pilosus). Nees in Wight Enum. ji.
(excl. syn.) ; Rob. Fl. Ind. i. 203 (excl. cit. Rheede) and Kunth Enum $
72 ; Thw. Enum. 343 ; Boeck. in Flora, lviii. 84; C. B. Clarke in Jow. Suk
Soc. xxi. 152 (excl. syn. Roth.). C. ornatus, Br. Prodr. 217. 7 pet 5, v
Heyne ms.; Nees l.c. C. amoyensis, Hance in Ann. Sc. Nat. 867
249. C. Heynei, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 600. C. carnosus à
Herb. Heyne; Wall. Cat. 3355, A.

ft.

_ BENGAL to CEYLON and SINGAPORE ; mostly near the sea, rarely alt. 0-3000
in valleys.—DrsTRIB. Amoy, Tonkin, Java. * istant large

Very like large forms of C. pilosus, but with open inflorescence, dis ^i „red.
spikelets, often 1 by 1—L in., either straw-colour or red-tinged, sometime mE
— Though very closely allied to C. pilosus, it is seldom referred to it, e Ad vi
rhachis of spikes is glabrous. From its red colour it has been confoun
Pycreus puncticulatus, Nees,

, alt.
Var. B lasiorrhachis; axis of spikelets scabrous-pilose.—Chota Nagpore? e;
2000 ft., C. B. Clarke.— Perhaps the plant collected by V. Ball in Chota Nag}
ef. C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn, Soc. xxi. 151, in note.

j e Sp.
Bories B. Rhachilla of spikelets (usually conspicuously) winged. |
nd.

:

|

Oyperus.] OLXXII. OYPERAOEE. (C. B. Clarke.) 611

Sect. 3. Bulbosi. Stolons slender, soon disappearing, terminating in
fuieated bulbils.—Closely allied to Mariscus Sect. Bulbocaules. (Sp. 40.)

40. C. bulbosus, Vahl Enum. ii. 342; coat of bulbils striated black
slitting into elliptic very acute segments, leaves overtopping stem narrow
flagellate, umbel contracted corymbiform lowest ray somewhat distant
(spikelets nearly as in C. rotundus). Nees in Wight Contrib. 80; Dalz. &
Gibs, Bomb. Fl. 984; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 300 ; Trimen in Journ. Bot.
m. (1884), 358. C. jemenicus, Retz. Obs. iv. 11 (jeminicus) ; Rogb. Fl.
Ind. i. 191; C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc.xxi. 175, t. 9, figs. 17, 18
(var. B excl.) and in Journ. Bot. xix. 18, cum fig. (not of Rottb.). C. gemi-
mtus, Koenig ms.; Ainslie Mat. Med. Hind. (1813), 250; Moon Cat. PI.

lon, 6 (not of Schrader). C. oleraceus, Roxb. ms. C. stoloniferus,
Nees in Wight Contrib. 81 (partly, not of Retz.). C. hexastachyus 8 pen-
ulus, Nees in Wight Contrib. 82 (partly). OC. rotundus, Kunth Enum. ii.
îl (partly); Thw. Enum. 343 (partly).—Cyperus, Wall. Cat. 3317, A.
(partly).

SIND; Stocks, &c. ALIGURH; Duthie (n. 7670). The Decoan PENINSULA

EYLON.—DISTRIB. Trop. Afric., As. and Austral.

Glabrous. Stolons 3-23 in., thread-like ; bulbils ovoid-conic, at first 3 in., white,
edible, ultimately larger with thick black coat. Stems 4-12 in., slender. Leaves
merous, subbasal, up to A in. broad, tip long-caudate. Umdbel sometimes evolute,
tays up to 2 in., usually contracted 1-13 in. in diam. interruptedly subcorymbose;
1b overtopping inflorescence, similar to leaves. Spikelets 3-20 reddish, up to
tY 7z in., 8-26.fd, ; wings of rhachilla elliptic, persistent. Glumes boat-shaped,

» obtuse, 11.nerved. Stamens 3; anthers linear, muticous. Nut obovoid,

» triquetrous, black, hardly 4 glume ; style shorter than nut, branches linear,

the § at long.—In the absence of roots this species can generally be discerned by
perfection of the umbel i.e. lowest bract with its ray a little distant.

ait 4. Brevefoliati. Tall. Stolons long, hardening into creeping
mes. Leaves short, rarely i length of stem, Glumes approximate,

| “Usely imbricate. (Sp. 41-44.)

4L c. articulatus, Linn. Sp. Pl. 66; stem robust terete, leaves
lis Y any, umbel compound of many spikes, bracts very short acute scale-
K spikes linear many-fld., nut oblong-ellipsoid $ length of glume
in TA Enum. ii. 53; Mees in Wight Contrib. 80; Thw. Enum, 343; Boeck.
5 Uia, xxxvi, 274; C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn, Soc. xx. 291, and xxi.
P C. nudus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 187 (not 209, nor H. B. & K.). C. gymnos.
m Y Geh, Syst. ii, Mant. 97. C. diphyllos, Benth. Fl. Austral. vii.
(chiefly, not Retz) —Cyperus, Wall. Cat. 3364.

out, to CEyrox,—DrsTRIB. All warm regions.

| A mme, Stolons i-i in. diam., clothed by ovate-lanceolate striate brown-

dii, es $ in. long. Stems 3-6 ft., often 2-4 in. apart on the thick woody
ith o» at top $—1 in. in diam., terete or scarcely trigonous, when dry usually

m" false nodes 1 in :
. apart; upper sheaths usually terminated by a subspathaceous
tolate-colrd. limb, rarely by ^ small green leaf, Umbel rays often 10, up to
7 bracts à-$ in., ovate, striate, subturgid at base hardly keeled, concave,
ia not reflexed. Spikelets 5-15 together, shortly spicate, 3-1} by ,'5 in., 12-
Vie" straw-colrd., afterwards dusky. Glwmes even in fruit imbricate, ovate,
tlong’ Concave, scarcely keeled, obscurely 3—5-nerved on back; wings of rhachilla
Wien elliptic, scarious, ultimately deciduous. Stamens 3 ; anthers linear-oblong,
hace 1: Nut trigonous, acute at either end, black; style shorter than nut ;

» Shortly exsert,
Rr2

612 CLXXII. OYPERACEX, (C. B. Clarke.) [ Cyperus.

ined. t. 1321;
42. C. tegetiformis, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 6, and Ic. ine ;
leaves hardly auy, stem trigonous at top often. triquetrous not (or oe
scurely) transversely septate, bracts short (rarely j length of um Ios (other:
green (not ovate at base) with margins recurved in dried exam sec
wise as C. articulatus). Wall. Cat. 3351 B (partly); Kunt 1 nu Son ax
Arn. in Wight Contrib. 89, in note; C. B. Clarke in Journ. imm d Se
157. C. nudus, Roch, Fl. Ind. i. 209, not 187 nor H. B. ` Gi E
lensis, C. Spreng. Neu. Entd. ii. 101. C. Gula-Methi, Roem. ( i Beie
ii. Mant. 125. C. corymbosus, Ic. Madras, Wall. Cat. 39 (a de
Cyperus sp. n. 40, H f. & T. Th. Herb. Ind. Or. (Chittagong example).

BENGAL and Assam, MADRAS and BUNDELOUND.— DISTRIB. China, yap. very
This has been confused with C. malaccensis, Lam., which differs . Y infa
narrow wing to rhachilla of spikelets, by the loosely imbricated conca
glumes, and by the apex of stem 3-winged.

43. €. corymbosus, Rottb. Descr. et Ic. 42, t. 7, fg. 4; kap KA
obscurely trigonous, uppermost leaf short or 0, bracts i-i ih (otherwise
or sometimes overtopping it, spikelets ferruginous or ^ " Linn. oc.
as C. tegetiformis). Thw. Enum. 344; C. B. Clarke in mod Boeck. in
xxi 158. C. diphyllus, Retz Obs. v.11; Kunth Enum. be? uH Le C.
Linnea, xxxvi. 272. C. Koenigii, Vahl Enum. ii. 302; | : Rozb. Fl
monophyllus, Vahl Le ii. 352 (fide Nees). C. semint if Morita.) C.
Ind. i. 187; Nees in Wight Contrib. 80; Kunth l. c. 59 (not Q artly).—Fin-
enodis, Boeck. lc. 271. Papyrus Pangorei, Nees l.c. 88 (p `
bristylis, Wall. Cat. 3525 E.

. Afric.,

From Komaon, Wallich, to Assam, BURMA, CEYLON.—DISTRIB. As.,

and Amer. rmost
Stems 2-3 ft., when dry often more or less transversely septate. Uppe

UN reen, not
leaf in the type example of Retz, nearly 6 in. long. Bracts leaf uA ype of .
ovate at base, keeled, with margins recurved in the dry state,
diphylla, Retz, much overtopping the inflorescence. 83684 C

. in. 1
Var. B Pangorei, C. B. Clarke, l.c. 292, 159; spikelets 1 in. . macros-
Fang Rott. l.c. 31, t. 7, fig. 3; Kunth l. c. 97. C. cory NEE
tachya, Boeck. l. c. 277 (cf. Steud. Syn. Cyp. 31, note to C. corym
Peninsula, Wall. Cat. 3351 C, &c. (Herb. Kew).— Madagasc.

lender

44. C. scariosus, Br. Prodr. 216; stolons slender, stems long ag

at top triquetrous, umbel slender contracted, spikelets linea Thats inn.
colour (very like those of C. tegetiformis). C. B. Clarke “yi ht Contrib.
Soc. xxi. 159. C. pertenuis, Rozb. Fl. Ind. i. 198; Nees in astly, not of
83. C. rotundus, Thw. Enum. 343 (partly); Boeck. ms. p

Linn, s., 683, 684
BENGAL; Soondreebun, C. B. Clarke, common. Preu, Kurs m$

(Herb. Calcutta).—DisTRIB. Australia. uU lax striate concolorous
Glabrous. Stolons 4-2 by 4A in., clothed by elliptic acute Te ves (in the Indi

scales § in. long. Stems 16-36 in., at top 4;—, in. in diam. Lea imes muc

as in Brown's examples) variable, usually short (less than A stem),

longer, sometimes 0, narrow, weak. Umbel thin; rays slender, i.e.

3 in. long, sometimes not 4 in. ; bracts nearly always as the leaves, very D

when leaves short, exceeding inflorescence when leaves ongish.- pderness of stem

rotundus ; differs little from C. tegetiformis, but in the extreme s

and umbel.

Sect. 5. Subimbricate. Tall. Rhizome very short, yoo? 4
i.e. lateral shoots from base of stem immediately asce

: Glames

Cyperus.] CLXXIL OYPERACEE. (C. B. Clarke.) 613

scarcely imbricate in fruit (in this differing from the Brevefoliate and
Rotunde). (Sp. 45-47.)

45. €. macer, C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 160; stems long
slender, leaves few short, umbel loose irregular slender, spikelets linear
$-16-fld., glumes obtuse, nut obovoid 1-3 length of glume.

On rocks in rivers. Pre, Kurz, n. 671. CHITTAGONG, C. B. Clarke. CENTRAL
INDIA; Duthie, n. 9837.

Glabrous. Stems 2-3 ft., at top very slender triquetrous. Leaves inconspicuous,
uppermost 4-6 (rarely 8-10) in. long, erect, narrow. | Umbel rays 3-6, slender,

tin. long, sometimes again divided; bracts 4-2 in., leaf-like. Spikelets 4 by
Ze in.; wings of rhachilla narrow-oblong, hyaline, disappearing. Glumes somewhat
Temote, in fruit not imbricate, ovate-oblong, 3—5-nerved, back green, sides brown
herveless. Stamens 3 ; anthers linear-oblong muticous. Nut trigonous, ashy-black ;
style shorter than nut ; branches linear, long.—Somewhat resembling slender forms
of C. tegetum, but the narrow evanescent wing of rhacheola would remove it out of

* present series altogether.

46. C. tegetum, Hoch, Fl. Ind. i. 208; stem robust at top trigonous
or triquetrous, leaves usually short or 0 (sometimes pretty long), umbel
compound or decompound usually large, spikelets shortly spicate linear
many-fld. often coloured, wings of rhachilla strong caducous, glumes some-
what remote in fruit obliquely spreading, nut oblong-obovoid j length of
glume, Wall. Cat. 3332 A, 3352 mainly; C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn.

0c. xxi. 160 (excl. syn. C. Schimperianus, and African plants), and xxv.
L C. corymbosus, Kenig ms.; Rottl. in Neu. Schr. Gesell. Freunde,
Berlin, iv, 919 in Obs.; Boeck. in Linnsa, xxxvi. 276 (mostiy) ; Duthie in
LT. Atkinson, Gaz. x. 620 (not of Rottb.). C. dehiscens, Nees in Linnea,
i. 286; Kunth Enum. ii. 56 (excl. syn. Roxb.); Trimen Cat. Pl. Ceylon,
10. ©, Paugorei (i.e. Pangorei), Wight ms.; Thw. Enum. 344 (not of
Rottb), C. tegetiformis, W. Wats. in T. E. Atkinson Gaz. x. (1876) 393
(not of Rozb.). QC. Pangorei & C. subulatus, Herb. Heyne; Wall. Cat.
Pe Papyrus dehiscens, Nees in Wight Contrib. 89. P. Pangorei, Nees

Wach of rhacheola ovate, acute, finally yellow or red-brown separating by a clean
` Stamens, nut, and style much as in C. macer.
Var, 8 ambigua, C. B. Clarke Le, (1884) 162; spikelets 1} in., glumes lin,
88 of rhacheola narrow hardly separating. Madras Peninsula, Wallich, n.

h F, in Herb, Kew (not Herb. propr.), and one of the two examples of n. 3330, in
eb. propr,

vin

4. C. Zollingeri, Steud. in Zoll. Verz. Ind. Archip. ii. (1854) 62,
vd Syn. Cyp. 17 ; culm elongate, leaves long narrow, umbel compound
Gi long slender rays or sometimes reduced to 1 head, spikelets spicate
(E Tuer yellow, glumes somewhat remote large, nut obovoid black

gth of glume. Boeck. in Linnza, xxxvi. 359. C. compressus, var.
ni E^wm. 342. C. rotundus, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 260, 600. C.
pondus, var. carinalis, Benth. Fl. Austral. vii. 280. C. tenuiculmis,

* l.c. 286 (not of Flora, lxii. 554). C. Wightii, Hance in Journ. Bot.

614 oam, OYPERAOEX. (C. B. Clarke.) [ Cyperus.

xvi. 14 (not of Nees). C. lucidulus, C. B. Olarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi.

. t.
99, and xxv. 80 (not of Klein, except by mixture).—Cyperus, Wall. Ca
3321, 3367.

: Ilich,

Throughout moist Inpra, alt. 500-5000 ft., plentiful, pun een ign
and Assam, Griffith, to CEYLON, Thwaites, and MALACOA, Griffith.—

. ric., and Austral. . istant
AS RN Rhizome short, horizontal, woody. Stems solitary but peere
of 13-3 ft. (small examples under a foot occur), slender for then ae e straggling,
Leaves 3 stem, 1 in. broad. Umbel in well-developed examp Se P "but small 1-
rays 4-10 up to 9 in. with radioles of secondary umbels up to t s long as umbe
headed examples are frequent, with all intermediate forms ; prec s “Spikelets 3-16,
or greatly overtopping it. Spikes large, open, rhachis gla rous. Pbtuse, 7-1l-
often 1 by A in. 20-fld., compressed. Glumes boat-shaped, ova e wings oblong
nerved, in fruit scarcely imbricated ; rhachilla slender, in fruit üexuow » triquetrous,
hyaline separating. Stamens 3; anthers linear-oblong, muticous.
obtuse ; style shorter than nut, slender; branches linear, slender.

: izome
Sect. 6. Rotundi. Tall or medium plants, stoloniferous or m ns
woody. Leaves and bracts long. Rhachilla of spikelets winged.
closely imbricated. (Sp. 48-55.) `

H OH

48. C. longus, Linn. Sp. Pl. 67; rhizome somewhat bo ioa

stem rather robust at top subacutely trigonous, at base ob Een rhizome,

bent not nodosely thickened nor suddenly contracted into reall length of

spikelets shortly spicate linear-oblong 6~16-fld., nut e $a; Boiss
glume. Kunth Enum. ii. 60; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 279, Var. 4) |

` , 164,
Fl. Orient. v. 375, vars. B, y; O. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. XX
excl. vars. B, y.

tlantic.
QUETTA, Hamilton, Mr. Asoo, G. King.—DISTRIB. Westward to e stria
Glabrous. Rhizome j5-i in. in diam., clothed by loose ovate Ü Di rays ,
brown scales. Stems 1-3 ft. Leaves 3-8 stem, } in. broad. l h ferruginous 0
1-10 in. long. Spikelets 4 by +5 in, slightly compressed, greenies on, margins
chestnut-red. Glumes ovate, obtuse, hardly keeled, 5-7-nerved, bac E carcel api"
narrowly scarious. Stamens 3; anthers linear-oblong, muticous is onous, black;
culate. Wings of rhacheola elliptie, hyaline, persistent. Nut Wei ck., the
style shorter than nut, branches linear shortly exsert.—Var. tenuiflora,

: i jn the above
commoner Mediterranean form is not Indian, and is scarcely included 1
description.

" . ; stolons

49. C. stenostachyus, Benth. Fl. Austral. vii. 280; ta) Y elets
long with distant bulbous thickenings, umbel compound compat" ;

densely spicate sub

lia.
erect (otherwise nearly as C. longus). — Austra

hat
: ect somew
Stolons long, A in, in diam. Stems 23 ft., triquetrous, at base ere’ i.

N —This mg
bulbose. Lowest bract 12-16 in., as though a continuation of stem. u base ecam-
esteemed a var. of C. longus (as by Boeckeler), which has the stem
bent, passin

lar
i rectang!
g into the root without a bulbose thickening, and the spikelets
spreading.

rown. C.

Var. 8 indica ; lowest bract Heyne, ™

longus, Linn., var. gracilis,
Wall. Cat. 3349, 3329, F.

: inous b
suberect very long, spikelets ferrug! us
Boeck, in Linnaa, xxxvi. 281. C. denudatus,
—Drcoan PENINSULA, Wallich.

. . stem :

50. C. rotundus, Linn. S». Pl. 67 (not Linn. Herb.) $ therwis?
nodosely thickened suddenly constricted into a wiry rhizom So: Kunth
nearly as C. longus). Roxb. Hort. Beng. 5, and Fl. Ind. 1. (

; nae, X
num. ii. 58 (exel. C. bulbosus, Vahl, and others) ; Boeck. in Linn

|

1

Cyperus. ] CLXXIL CYPERACEX. (C. B. Clarke.) 615

183: Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 288 ; Thw. Enum. 343, partly; C. B. Clarke
in Journ. Linn. Soc. xx. 292, and xxi. 167 ; Attch. & Hems. in Trans. Linn.
Soc, ser. 2, Bot. iii. 191. C. hexastachyus, Jottb. Descr. et Ic. 98, t. 14,
lg. 2; Nees in Wight Contrib. 81 (partly). C. leptostachyus, Griff. Itin.
Notes, 821 (not of Nees). C. tenuiflorus, Royle Ill. 419 (not Rottb.).—
Cyperus, Wall. Cat. 3317 A (partly), 3322, 3353, 3373. C. albidus, Herd.

tyne; Wall. Cat. 3356; Rumph. Herb. Amb. vi. 1, t. 1.

Jena, alt, 0-6000 ft., a pestiferous weed.—DisTRIB. All warm regions.

. Glabrous. Stolons slender, up to 4-8 in., hardening into wiry roots, thickened
Into black woody ovoid tubers j-1 in. in diam., not (or very obscurely) zoned.

à subsolitary, 4-32 in., at top triquetrous. Leaves long, often overtopping stem,
tiim broad. “Umbel frequently compound, primary rays 2-8 in., spikes loosely
Spicate of 3-8 spikelets; but umbel sometimes large, sometimes reduced to 1 head
ad (in a common Calcutta form) to 1 spikelet. Spikelets in flower or fruit un-

tinguishable from C. longus.

Var. B centiflora, C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 171; spikelets elongate
many-fid. often curved or twisted. Mowenvn, Wall. Cat. 3378 (right-hand
ample). The Deccan, G. Thomson, n. 258.—1n this (n. 258) the spikelets are

m., with 118 flowers, but all forms intermediate between this and C. rotundus

r.

8l. C. stoloniferus, Retz Obs. iv. 10 ; rhizome woody long-creeping,
ms at top trigonous at base nodose, umbel simple contracted or sub-
"iate, spikelets terete shortly spicate, glumes close-packed concave
tuse, style-branches 3 long, nut obovoid unequally trigonous somewhat
carved, Nees in Wight Contrib. 81; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 489 (excl.
‘yn. C. tuberosus and var. B); C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xx. 286,
s Xx 172. ©. littoralis, Br. Prodr. 216. C. tuberosus, Bojer. Hort.
purit. 379; Kunth Enum. ii. 50; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FI. 283. C.
miandus, part, Kunth l. c. 59. C. bulboso-stoloniferus, Steud. in Zoll. Verz.
ad. Archip, ii. 62, and Syn. Cyp. 18. C. conjunctus, Steud. Syn. Cyp. 18.
3i mprocarpus, Boeck. Le 490. C. juncifolius, Klein ms. ; Wall. Cat.
a A. Q. Jemenicus, Heyne; Wall. Cat. 3315, B. C. arenarius, Hance
—Üyperus, Wall. Cat. 3309, mixed.
the nores of INDIA, especiaily in sea sand; from Sind to Ceylon, Coromandel, and
ee Peninsula,—Nilghiri Mts., Foulkes. DisrRIB. Mauritius, China, Malaya,
ia.

wéllen long, hardening into the creeping rhizome, not producing tunicated

ils, Stems 4-8 in. Umbel rays 0-1 in.; bracts usually 3, varying in length as
C the leaves, Spikelets 4 by A in., 8-20-fld. ; glumes more closely packed than in
‘rotundus, their margins often glistening hyaline.

52 €. Fenzelianus, Steud. Syn. Cyp. 93; tall, stolons long
thickish, leaves and bracts elongate, umbel large compound, spikelete
sng and old) straw-colour (otherwise as C. longus or large C. rotundus).
"s n Linnea, xxxvi. 997. C. pallescens, Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. uo (not
305 ont). ©, ochreoides, Steud. l.c. 94. C. tenuiflorus, Balfour Socotra,
tot (not of Rottb.). ©. longus var. pallida, Boeck. l. c. 980 (excl. C. mitis,
D 2 Boiss). ©, longus, vars. B pallescens and e elongata (partly),
Foe Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 165, 166. C. rotundus, Boeck. in
a lxii, 554.
DRAS ; Chinga . Thomson, n. 383.—DıstRIB. Westwd. to N. Africa.

i" -3 ft., robust, M bce somewhat nodose then suddenly narrowed into
rhizome 3+-ġ in. diam. Leaves often nearly as long as stems, $ in. broad,

616 CLXXII. OYPERACEX. (C. B. Clarke.) LCyper

fleshy sometimes almost spongy, when dry convolute.—Habit and general aspect of
C. lonyus, but the root of large states of C. rotundus. Schweinfurth, who ri
studied this whole series of species alive, doubts if any line can be drawn between t
longus and C. rotundus.

583. C. subcapitatus, 0. B. Clarke; stems and leaves long slender,
umbel as though lateral of 24 spikelets contracted or subcapitate, lowe
bract long narrow as though a continuation of the stem (otherwise near 1
as C. rotundus). O. polystachyus, Rottb. Descr. et Ic. 39, t. 11, fig.
—Cyperus, Wight in Wall. Cat. n. 3316.

DECCAN PENINSULA; Wallich, NinaniRi HILLS8; alt. 2000 ft., Gamble. d

Stem 20 in., at top less than Ae in. in diam., at base oblique nodosely thicken
then abruptly contracted into a long slender rhizome. Leaves somewhat shorter

than stem, i-i in. broad. Umbel rays 0-} in. Spikelets slender, ferruginous-
brown.

54. C. tuberosus, Rottb. Descr. et Ic. 98, t. 7, fig. 1, fide Boock i
stolons elongate rather slender, stem tall at base bulbous woody, um )
evolute rays slender (in form O. tenuiflorus, sp. Roxb., very slender
spikelets linear (in form C. tenuiflor. very slender), glumes 1 ws
not closely imbricated (otherwise as (C. rotundus), Roxb. Hort. Beng.
§ Fl. Ind. i199; Kunth Enum. ii. 50 (in small part) ; Boeck. in Ling
xxxvi. 285 (excl. the Cape plants and descrip. of nut). C. Pangorel, oi
Obs. iv. 10 (not of Rottb. or Roxb.). C. lucidulus, Klein; Link. Jahr ‘979
86 (not of C. B. Olarke). ©. rotundus, Benth. Fl. Austral. v. ja
(chiefly). C. rotundus (tenuiflora) Thw. Enum. 343. C. rotundus, "7.
procerula, C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 172 (in great pore
rotundus, var. acuta, Boeck. l.c. 230. C. tenuiflorus, Roxb. 1. c. 199;
in Wight Contrib. 82 (Indian plant); Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 284; i.
Wats. in E T. Atkinson Gaz. x. (1876), 393; Trimen in Journ. Bot. pe
140; C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xx. (1883), 193 and xx 174( A
Rottb. or Boeck.). C. procerulus, Nees in Wight Contrib. 82; Kan ;
Enum, i. 91. C. Retzii, Nees ie: Kunth l.c. 79 ; Thw. Enum. C
C. hexastachyus, Nees l.c. (partly). ©. Roestelii, Kunth l.c. 9 FL
pertenuis, Bojer Hort. Maurit. 379 (not Roxb.) C. longus, Baker ^.
Maurit. 411. ` C. mitis, Steud. Can, 316 (cf. Boeck. in Flora, 1859, P-

C. procerus, Herb. Rozb.; Wall. Cat. 3329, A.

CEYLON; Thwaites, nn. 3750, 3966, Deccan Peninsula; Wallich, Wye
Bencar; Wallich, Grifith (Kew Distrib. n. 6141).—DISTRIP. Mauna
Austral. and

,Equal in size to the large forms of C, rotundus, but has slenderer pulp
spikelets, It is C. tuberosus of herbs of Konig, Rottler and Roxburgh ; the iler,
Rottboel (tuberosus) does not agree very well; but, as it is satisfactory to Boee (o:
and as it is impossible to identify an old picture without analyses, it saves init
tion to accept his identification, rather than to separate further the C. tuberos
Rottler (and others) from that cf Rottboell.

95. C. esculentus, Linn. Sp. Pl. 67; stem at base erect, stolons
lateral long very slender bearing tubers, leaves and bracts long,
yellow or yellow-brown, glumes over nearly their whole breadth P.
striate (otherwise as C. rotundus). Kunth Enum. ii. 61; Boeck. in
xxxvi. 287; C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xx. 293 and XXi I ug
Tenorii, Presi. ; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. viii. 32, t. 281, fig. 670. 0. pam
and C. jeminicus, Herb. Heyne; Wall. Qat. 3354.

Cyperus. | CLXXII, CYPERACE®. (C. B. Clarke.) 617

From the PUNJAB, 7. Thomson, to Ntonmt Mrs., Hohenacker, scattered, not
tmmon,—DrsTRrE. S. Europe, Afric., Americ.

Stolons exceedingly slender, with small pale scales, often disappearing after the
fübers are formed ; tubers (ripe) woody, more regularly zoned than those of C.
rotundus, Glumes in fruit slightly rigid, so that they are less closely imbricated
(than in C, rotundus) the spikelets more turgid.—So close to C. rotundus that it is
much mixed with it in many herbaria.

Sect. 7. ExaLTATL. Tall. Stolons0. Leaves and bracts long. Umbel
tge compound, spikes and spikelets many. Rhachilla of spikelets con-
‘plcuously winged. Anthers apiculate, not rarely crested. Style (with
1*3 branches) small. Nut small, ashy black. (Sp. 56-61.)

56. C. radiatus, Vahl Enum. ii. 369; spikes digitate scarcely
peduncled long-cylindrie dense, spikelets linear 19-30-fld., glumes (even
in fruit) closely imbricate, wings of rhachilla oblong persistent, anthers
short-oblong not crested, Kunth Enum. ii. 71; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi.
317; C. B, Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 185. C. involucratus, Poir. in
Lam, Encye: vii. 258. C. verticillatus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 206; Kunth l.c. 71;

ees in Wight Contrib. 87. C. digitatus, Mees l.c. 85 (not Rozb.). C.
Roylei, Arn. in Wight Contrib. 85 (in note); Kunth l. c. 100. C. obscurus,
Nees in Hook. Kew Journ. vi. 27. Cyperus, Wall. Cat. 9345.
e AGRA, Munro to PENANG, Curtis; plentiful in Bengal.—DISTRIB. As.,
+» Amer,
labrous, Stems 1-3 ft. Leaves often $ stem, } in. broad. Umbel simple or
dp Pound ; spikes 1 by 4 in., very dense. Spikelets commonly 4- by Ae in., usually
All-colrd,, not bright yellow or red-brown. Glumes hroad ovate, keeled, obtuse,

Senerved on back, muticous or sometimes mucronate. Nut ovoid, 2-3 length of
gne style $ as long as nut, branches 3 linear small.

3r. c. exaltatus, Retz Obs. v. 11; spikes (some) peduncled long-
lindrie, spikelets very many (not tightly crowded) linear 8-20-fld., glumes
‘ven in fruit) closely imbricate, wings of rhachilla oblong persistent,
d'e oblong not crested, Kunth Enum. ii. 70; Nees in Wight Contrib.

(ecl. ©, fastigiatus) ; Thw. Enum. 343; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 319;
"geng arke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 186 (incl. var. B ameena.) C. odoratus,
Et Fl. Ini, 20, t. 8, fig. 2 (not Linn.). C.venustus, Br. Prodr. 217;

unth l e, 68 (partly); Thw. Enum. 432. C. umbellatus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i.
( | Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 284; Arn. in Wight Contrib. 85 in Obs.
A Benth). C. alopecuroides, Rowb. l.c. 208. C. acerosus, Roxb. ms.;
le. 84 (in mote). ©. oryzeticola, Steud. Syn. Cyp. 37. C. race-
nr. o Ene, ms.; Boeck. in Flora, lxii. 555 (not Boeck. in Linnea,

Xv], 310) C. parviflerus, Heyne, MS., Wall. Cat. n. 3343, B. (cf. Kunth
pum. di, 115, not of Nees). Papyrus venustus, Schrader in Mart. Fl.
„s ll (part i.) 59 in note. C. maximus, elatus, parviflorus, extensus,
catus, Herb, Heyne; Wall. Cat. 3343. C. verticillatus, Herb. Wight &
"b. Ham; Wall. Cat. 3343, H, I.—Cyperus, Wall. Cat. 3327, 3328.
we the PuxzaAB to AssAM and CEYLON ; common.— DisTRIB. Trop. and

: regions,
om 9-6 ft.— Hardly to be distinguished from large forms of C. radiatus, but by
P dense spikes, Spikelets often brightly coloured. E
ar, B dives, C. B. Clarke l.c. 187 ; umbel divaricate rigid, ripe. spikelets rigid
Been reading at right angles somewhat turgid, style 3-fid. C. dives, Delile Fl.
Did 5, t. 4, fig. 3; Kunth Enum. ii. 71 ; €. B. Clarke l c. 293. cU lopeeuroides,
Bake, xxxvi. 322.—N. India; from Sind, Pinwill to Chittagong, J. D.

the 1

618 OLXXII. OYPERACER. (C. B. Clarke.) [ Cyperus.

58. C. Oatesii, C. B. Clarke; umbel large compound, spikes (at
least some) peduncled cylindric, spikelets very many distant linear Ger?
glumes obtuse white-edged slightly inflated incurved not tightly imbrica ;
wings of rhachilla linear yellow soon separating, anthers oblong no!
crested, nut small yet nearly 2 length of glume. C. exaltatus, var. Oatest,
C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 188.

Burma; Thyat Myo, Oates. . .
Very like slenderer forms of C. exaltatus, but differing especially in the very
narrowly lanceolate yellow deciduous wings of the rhachilla.

59. C. digitatus, Boch, Fl. Ind. i. 205; stem tall at top triquetrous
umbel large compound rays divaricate, spikes cylindric, spikelets very
many linear 6-40-fld., wings of rhachilla lanceolate yellow soon deci th of
anthers linear-oblong scarcely crested, nut oblong-obovoid 5 lengt "
glume. C.auricomus, Benth. Fl. Austral. vii. 286; O. B. Clarke m er^,
Linn. Soc. xxi. 188 (partly, scarcely of Sieber). C. venustus, Nees in Lis
Contrib. 86 (descr. erroneous); Kunth Enum. ii. 68 (chiefly); Boer pers
Linnea, xxxvi. 316 (partly) (not Br.). C. Neesii, Kunth l.c. 101 (exer. y
linn.).; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 315; Trimen in Journ. Bot, xxi. ain-
C. racemosus, Retz (??) (fid Arn. in Wight Contrib. 85 in Obs. Ge
queflorus, Steud. (Herb. propr.) Syn. Cyp. 37 (partly). C. tuber —
Schrad.; Steud. l.c. 41. Papyrus venustus, Nees in Linnea, X. <=
Mariscus, Wall. Cat. 3429, 3438.

From the Pungas to AssAM, CEYLON, and PENANG.—DISTRIP. Tropics. Gm

Glabrous (even the rhachis of spikes). Stem 14-44 ft. Leaves often as E el.
stem, j-2 in. broad, Umbel 8-24 in. in diam.; bracts usually longer than rtly
Secondary umbels usually conspicuously bracteoled; spikes cory mho Iden
peduncled. Spikelets often LA by 35-75 in., very variable in size, yehow We can
rufous or brown. Glumes boat-shaped, ovate, scarcely mucronate.—T el ied,
C. auricomus, Sieber, with which this was united by Bentham, is very chey. small
but differs by the stem sub-3-winged at top, the irregular umbel and ot
points.

. .Var. B Hookeri (sp.) Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 308; spikelets some
rigid very densely spicate ultimately bright brown, nut a little more an i
top. C. Neesii, Thw. Enum. 344; C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. rt 188 and
Obs. (scarcely of Kunth), C. auricomus, var. khasiana, C. B. Clarke, 2) —From
81. Papyrus elatus, Nees in Wight Contrib. 88 (not Cyperus elatus, Linn»
the Khasia Hills, alt. 4000 ft., to Ceylon.

what broader
minate 4

d,
60. C. elatus, Lina. Sp. Pl. 67; tall, leaves and bracts long, ZC
umbel large compound, spikes narrow cylindric dense with brown 5 ellow
spikelets, spikelets linear l4-fld., wings of rhachilla lanceola e J i
caducous, anthers narrow oblong, crest j-i length of anthers, C. race
length of glume. (C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 189. 7:
mosus, Retz Obs. vi. 20? ; Nees in Wight Contrib. 85 ; Kunth Enu
Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 310.—Cyperus, Wall. Cat. 3341, A.
Deccan PENINSULA; Wight. PkNANG; Wallich,—DIstRIB. Malay gin.
Stem 3-4 ft. Leaves nearly as long, & in. broad, Primary rays of # pel, nat
Var.? macronua, C. B. Clarke l.c. 190; larger, with still larger Kg broad
nearly as long as glume.—Bengal; Comilla, C. B. Clarke.—Leavet primaty
two lateral nerves above strongly marked, keel beneath scabrous cutting:
rays of umbel 10 in.

61. €. platyphyllus, Roem. & Sch. Syst. ii. 876; very largo

m. ii. 1005

leaves

Cyperus.] OLXXIL OCYPERACEX. (C. B. Clarke.) 619

and bracts very long broad, umbel very large, spikes long linear-cylindric,
spikelets linear subterete suberect dirty straw-colour, wings of rhacheola
broad-lanceolate yellow separating, crest of anthers 4—2 length of cells.
Ü. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 190. C.elatus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i.
3. (not of Linn.). C. maximus, Roxb. ms. C. fastigiatus, Rottl. in Neu.
Sr. Gesell. Freunde Berlin, iv. 210 (not of Rottb.). C. eminens, Klein,
We; Kunth Enum. ii. 70; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 919. C. Roxburghii,
Nees in Wight Contrib. 84; Kunth l.c. 99; Thw. Enum, 843. Papyrus
latifolius, Willd. in Abhandl. Akad. Berol. (1816), 74.—Cyperus, Wall.
Cat. 3341, B.

Deccan PENINSULA ; Rottler, &c. CEYLON; Thwaites (n. 3041).

Stem 6 ft., sometimes more, at top triquetrous, scabrous, angles cutting. Leaves

l in. broad, two lateral nerves prominent above, whiteish underneath, often

‘abrous on keel, Primary rays of umbel 8-10 in. Spikes 4 in.

RESIDUARY SPECIES.

_ € BRUNNESCENS, Boeck. Cyp. Nov. ii. 3; robust, wholly brown-fuscous, umbel
"mple 6-8 in, diam., spikelets oblong obtuse, glumes 8-10-striate with recurved
_ Mero, style very slender deeply 3-fid. Singapore; Voight.

Ve CORONARIUS, Kunth Enum. ii, 44. (Scirpus coronarius, Vahl Enum. ii. 261.
epis coronaria, Roem. & Sch. Syst. ii. 119.) Bengal Style trifid, Kunth; bifid,
|, “ Resembles Kyllingia monocephalæ” Vahl.
y, S; CYLINDRICUS, Boeck. in Flora, xlii. 437 bis.—Ixp. ORIENT. “Very like C.
* ‘anus, Spreng.," Boeckeler. But C. Wallichianus, Spreng. has been in-
diable to botanists (see Kunth Enum. ii. 98) nor is it known where Boeckeler has
ùcidated it,
. C. mpueps, Boeck. Cyp. Nov. i. 6 (not of Persoon) ; 2 ft., umbel compound 6
Hi im., spikes dense cylindric, style deeply 3-fid, rhacheola narrowly winged.—
ex. ya ; Bulwascher Valley, alt. 2000 ft., and Jubbulpore, alt. 1000 ft., O. Kuntze
op Cyp. chilensis,” Boeck.).
` PUSIL ii i . . Obs, iv. 9.—
Tranquebar. LUS, Vahl Enum. ii. 303, ie. C. pygmæus, Retz $. iv
C RieIDuLUs, Vahl Enum. ii. 842.—Ind. Orient.
C. SETIFOLIUS, Don Prodr. 38.—Nepaul.
Wi SPONGIOSO-VAGINATUS, Boeck. Cyp. Nov. i. 6; tall, umbel compound, spike-
ay spicate, wings of rhachilla linear-oblong cuspidate yellow soon separating.
NGAL; O. Kunfze,— Perhaps C. digitatus or C. Oatesii.
c. TENER, Vahl Enum. ii. 299.—Ind. Orient.—** Isolepidis sp. 2." Kunth.

TRISULCUS, Don Prodr. 39.—Nepaul.
Brass, UMBELLATUs, Burm. Fi. Ind. 21, t. 9, fig. 1. (not Rozb.).— Perhaps

| Se VALLICRIANUS, Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 28 (C. pulcher, Don Prodr. 38).—

5. MARISCUS, Vahl.

Leaves and bracts grass-like. Glumes persistent, 2 lowest empty, 1-12
lowe, t ng bisexual nut-bearing; rhacheola disarticulating above the 2

varm regina glumes leaving a knob.—Otherwise as Oyperus.—Sp. 160,

ERI I. BunsocavLI. Base of stem oblong thickened by the turgid
ranous coloured sheaths. (Sp. 1-2.)

620 CLXXII. OYPERACEH. (C. B. Clarke.) [ Mariscus.

1. M.Dregeanus, Kunth Enum. ii. 120; stolons 0, umbel eege
into 1 very dense ovoid head, spikelets ovoid bearing 2-6 nuts. B n n
ratus, Nees in Hook. Kew Journ. vi. 98. M. kyilingizeformis, oec Nee
Flora, xlii. 449, 496 (style wrongly 2-fid.). Cyperus dubius, Rotti. WI
Schr. Gesell. Freunde Berlin, iv. 193 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 189. Wall. Ca d ;
Nees in Wight Contrib. 85; Thw. Enum. 344; Boeck. in Linnea, Zog (not
(in small part); C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xx. 285 and pe n
of Holtb.). C. kyllingiwoides, Vahl Enum. ii. 312; Kunth Wat
C. cruentus, Boeck. l. c. 338 (not of Roxb.). Scirpus glomeratus | al
Pl. 32. Schoenus .coloratus, var. B Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. ii. 64. Sch. ,
Linn. Syst. Veget. (ed. xiii.), 81.

LowER BENGAL; Wallich. S. Deccan; up to 5000 ft.; Bottler, DS
CEYLON : Thwaites, C.P. 855, 2942, &c. MALAY PENINSULA ; from Pegu, 91
DISTRIB. Afric., Borneo. istent

Glabrous. Stems 4-16 in., at top triquetrous, rather slender; lowest ported,
as torn fibrils. Leaves often as long as stems, ẹ;—ẹ in. broad, weak; $ 4-6 in. long,
ferruginous or reddish. Inflorescence iin. in diam. ; bracts 3-5, up P achila short
leaf-like. Spikelets numerous, 1_} in. long, nearly terete ; nodes o Beer
with elliptic wings. Nutbearing glume ovate, blunt, triangular, hat obovoid,
Stamens 3-2 ; anthers linear-oblong, muticous. Nut oblong or som ranches linear,
trigonous, ashy black, 2-2 length of glume ; style shorter than nut ; > brought
somewhat long.—Cyperus dubius, Rottb. Descr. et Ic. 20, t. 4, fig. % 1 appearance
by all authors, is a Kyllinga, probably K. brevifolia, Rottb.; the Eoo is always 2-fid,
of the head will not do for M. Dregeanus ; also in Kyllinga the styte 18
in Mariscus always 3-fid.

bel
2. M. bulbosus, C. B. Clarke (not of Steud.) ; stolons slender eel
simple with short rays or subcapitate, spikes cylindric dense p 90 (partly).
broad-oblong, bearing 1 nut. M. pictus, Nees in Wight Contre. em. & Se
Kyllinga bulbosa, Kanig ms.; Vahl Enum. ii. 376, in notes 267 nly)
Syst. it. 247, in Obs. (not of Beauv.).—Mariscus, Wall. Cat. 34
Kyllinga, Wall. Cat. 3441 A (partly). .
Deccan PENINSULA, Rottler, Heyne; Palavarum to Permacoil,
Wight; N. Canara, Young. Jongate, Ze in
Glabrous. Stems 3-8 in., thickish, trigonous, striate ; stolons lon Ds 8 t
in diam., clothed by oblong striate pale-brown scales. Leaves as 10 g

in the hills,

. on ray?
4 in. broad; lower sheaths much inflated, striated, brown. „Spikes about fa Ai iD,
0-3 in., up to $ by 4 in. ; bracts 5-7, up to 4-7 in., leaf-like. Spine © 2 straw

spreading at right angles. Nut-bearing glume ovate, acute, Uer?
colour. Nut ellipsoid, trigonous, black-chestnut, 2 length of glume. "
ickened bY
Subgen. II. Ev-Marıscus. Base of stems not oblong Ee d
much dilated leaf-sheaths (though often shortly nodose). he two lowes
spikelets only breaking up at one node, viz. that above the
empty glumes.

Sect. 1. Umbellati. Leaves green. Spikelets green or et e d
bearing 1-2 (very rarely 3) nuts. Lowest glume of spikelet Bentham "
some) very acute, aristate—{Nearly all are considered by
varieties of his Cyp. wmnbellatus.] (Sp. 3-7.) umbel

r, DÉI
_ 3. M. paniceus, Vahl Enum. ii., partly ; stolons long pr ey
simple, bracts 4—5 long, rays unequal usually short, spikes 807 plate
dric dense ebracteate, spikelets small 1-füd. in fruit ir uh i. 895
trigonous curved more or less recurved. Nees im Wigh

Mariseus.] CLXXII. CYPERACEX. (C. B. Clarke.) 621

Kunth Enum. ii. 119 (in small part). M. Wallichianus, Kunth l.c. 117.

M. Pullu, Steud. Syn. Cyp. 66. Kyllinga panicea, Rottb. Descr. et Ie. 15,

t. 4, fig. 1. Cyperus paniceus, Boeck. in Linnæa, xxxvi. 381 (fig. of Rottler

oly). C. umbellatus, Thw. Enum. 345 (not of Roxb.). C. umbellatus, var.

ne C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xx. 296, and xxi. 201.—Mariscus,
all. Cat. 3433, 3435, partly, 3437 B, partly.

From Lower Ben@at to CeyLon,—Distris, Mauritius.

Glabrous, slender. Stolons 2-3 by ə in., clothed by lanceolate striate rich-
brown scales, Stems 4-12 in., trigonous, nodose at base. Leaves often as long as
stem, 1— in. broad, flaccid. Rays of umbel 0-1} in.; bracts often 4 in., leaf-like.
Spikes $ by 3 in., exactly cylindric, ultimately pale. Spikelets (ripe) $ by əş in.,
apparently 4-glumed ; 2 lowest glumes empty, persistent; 3rd glume nut-bearing,
ovate, deciduous, its upper margins broad scarious nerveless enclosing nut; 4th
glume (really the rhacheola of the upper suppressed flower), lanceolate, tip rudi-
mentary glume) elongated. Nut oblong, trigonous, black, 2 length of glume.

Var, 8 Rowburghiana ; larger, stems up to 2 ft., rays of umbel up to 2 in.,
bracts 5-7, spikelets larger lin. long (1.-fld.). M. cyperinus, Nees in Wight Con-
trib. 90, var. a (not of Vahi). Kyllinga umbellata, Rowb. Ic. Ined. t. 191. Scirpus
echinatus, Linn. Sp. Pl. 50, the Ceylon plant, see Trimen in Jeurn. Linn. Soc. xxiv.
135.—Mariscus, Wall. Cat. 3434, 3435 B (partly).—From Simla to Ceylon.—
Distrib, Java.—Rhachilla (above the nut-bearing glume) winged, as long as nut,
terminated by a rudimentary glume or by a very small triangular-lanceolate plate.

. 4 M. cyperinus, Vahl Enum. ii. 377 ; rhizome hardly any, umbel
Simple, bracts 5-7 long, rays short or curved, spikes solitary broad-cylin-

€ dense, spikelets linear-lanceolate usually 2-fld. in fruit suberect brown-
Steen. Nees in Wight Contrib. 90 (8 only). M. umbellatus, Moritzi Verz.
Zoll, Ef. 98; Zoll. Verz. Ind. Archip. ii. 63. M. sundaicus, Mig. Fl. Ind.
Bat. iii. 289, Kyllinga cyperina, Retz Obs. vi 21. Cyperus umbellatus,
Benth. FI, Hongk. 386; Thw. Enum. 345 (partly). C. paniceus, Boeck, in

"a, xxxvi. 381 (the 2-fld. Java plants). C. umbellatus forma cyperina,
C B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 200.—Mariscus, Wall. Cat. 3431,

A, partly, 3436.

NonTH-wEsT Inp1a; Moradabad, Thomson. CoRoMANDEL, Aozburgh, &c.
Cerros, Thwaites. MALAY PENINSULA, Grifith, &c.—DISTRIB. As. trop., Poly-

a.

, Glabrous, Rhizome perennial, hardly 3 in. Rays of umbel 5-10, rigid, acutely
quetrous. Spikes 2 by 4 in., ebracteate. Spikelets 1 by A, in., in fruit obliquely
erect, dusky reddish-green.—Otherwise as M. paniceus. *

Var, B bengalensis ; umbel contracted into 1 head, spikes shortly cylindric or
void, spikelets linear bearing 2—4 nuts in fruit spreading at right angles. C. Ander-
s 1/05, Boeck. in Engler Jahrb. v. 502 (from descript.).— Mariscus, Wall. Cat.
343 Bengal, alt. 0-4000 ft.; UPPER Assam, Sikkim, and KHASIA Hits, —
2 ft., stronger. Inflorescence 2-1} in. in diam. Spikelets § by de in.;
with ripe nuts) somewhat distant.

Stems i
glumes (

5. M. pictus, JVees in Wight Contrib. 90 (chiefly) ; rhizome short,
umbel simple contracted, bracts long, spikes solitary cylindric dense, spike-
8 mear-oblong bearing 1 nut suberect yellow in fruit, rhacheola very
(paw Cyperus pictus, Wallich ms. C. umbellatus, Thwaites Enum. 345
GZ C. paniceus, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 327 (partly). C. umbel-
tus, var, a typical (partly), C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 200
(not var, y picta, 201).— Mariscus, Wall. Cat. 3435 A (partly).

ECCAN PENINSULA, Heyne, &c. : i
Sembles M. cyperinus or paniceus B, but differs much in the structure of

622 OLXXIL CYPERACEZ. (C. B. Clarke.) [ Mariscus,

the spikelet ; the nut is formed as usual in the 3rd glume, the rhacheola above its
base is exceedingly short, while the 4th glume (usually containing a barren flower)
is well developed.—The ripe nut thus is contained apparently by the 3rd and 4th
glumes, not by the 3rd glume and the rhacheola.

6. M. tenuifolius, Schrad. in Mart. Fl. Bras. ii. (pars 1) 46 ; stolons
slender, umbel simple contracted, spikes solitary cylindric or ovoid loose,
spikelets usually bearing 2 nuts dusky-green ultimately suberect. U.
umbellatus, Thw. Enum. 345 (partly). C. umbellatus, var. laxata, C. P.
Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 201.—Mariscus, Wall. Cat. 3432.

DECCAN PENINSULA, Wallich, &c. Moneutr, Wallich, MarAccA, Grifith,
Kew, n. 6241.

Stolons scarcely 3; in. in diam., clothed by lanceolate striate scales. ar
slender. Leaves very narrow. Rays of umbel 0-1 in. Spikelets bearing
(mostly 2) nuts.—From the stolons this plant is usually mixed with M. pameus,
but from the structure of the spikelets it must be more closely allied to M. pictus.

7. M. Sieberianus, Nees in Linnea, ix. 286; rhizome short, umbel
simple, bracts 5-10, rays 5-12 up to 1-4 in. ultimately straight, fruiting
spikes exactly cylindric, fruiting spikelets linear-lanceolate (or lanceolate}
bearing 2-1 nuts dense yellow or pale divaricate on all sides at rig
angles, nut linear-oblong or oblong (cf. the 3 vars.). M. umbellatus, Ta
Enum. ii. 376 (partly); Nees in Wight Contrib. 90 (chiefly) ; Kunth Enum.
ii. 118 (chiefly); Strachey Cat. Pl. Kumaon, 74; H. T. Atkinson Gaz. e
[1876] 622; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 285. M. cyperinus, Nees tn Wier
Contrib. 90, var. a (& var. B partly, i.e. plant of Sieber); Royle :
412. M. paniceus, Strachey, 74; Æ. T. Atkins. l e. 622. Pott
cyperoides, Linn. Mant. 181. Kyllinga umbellata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. k a
(scarcely of Rottb.). Cyperus umbellatus, Mig. in Ann. Mus. Jet, si
ii. 142. , C. umbellatus, var. a (partly) & e, C. B. Clarke in Journ. -
Soc. xxi. 201. C. ovularis, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. [1869-70], var.
(partly, not of Torrey). C. cylindrostachys, Boeck. l. c. 383 (chie y).

Steudelianus, Boeck. in Engler Jahrb. v. [1884] 91.—Mariscus, all.
3437 (mainly).

From Nortu-Wxst HIMALAYA, alt. 0-6000 ft., and Assam to CEY
SINGAPORE. — DISTRIB. Warm regions of Old World. ‘n broad

Glabrous. Stems 1-24 ft. Leaves often nearly as long as stem, 37g ™ ved 25
rather weak. Umbel 1-5 in. in diam ; rays ultimately very straight (not der
in M. cyperinus). Spikes solitary (see, however, var. y), often 1 by 3 in. ; bra
inconspicuous, Spikelets sometimes 1— sometimes 2-fld., varying in
ingly. Nut trigonous, chestnut-colrd., 2-3 length of glume.—M. in Africa
Kyllinga umbellata, Rottb. Descr. et Lc. 15, t. 4, fig. 2, a plant abundant $ ikes,
and very close to M. Siberianus, but has smaller shorter more bracteate 5P
fuscous-green when ripe,

Cat.

pon and

us, Boeck. i!

Var. 3. evolutior ; spikelets linear bearing 2-4 nuts, M. corymbos Journ.

Flora, xli. 409 ? Cyperus umbellatus, var. e cyli C. B. Clarke,
i , Var. ylindrostachys, C.

l. e. 201 (chiefly). C. biglumis, C. B. Clarke i. c. 199 (partly); (scarcely "ss

biglumis, Gaertner).—Throughout India (except Madras ?).— DISTRIB. rop

Var. y subcomposita ; spikes often digi ie rays bracteolate. M. bigis
Gaertn. Fruct. i. 12, t. 2, Se 8; C. B Clarke ri e. 199 (partly) — Kuma iy.
5000 ft., Strachey. MADRAS PENINSULA (2), Wall. Cat. n. 3437 B.— Jape e
nesia.— Rheede Hort. Mal. xii. 119, t. 63 usually brought here differs by t
not exactly cylindric, the spikelets not spreading at right angles; fen
M. cyperinus drawn a little too large.

Mariscus. | ,OLXXIL OYPERACEX. (C. B. Clarke.) 623

Var.?8 khasiana ; spikelets small obtuse yellow bearing 1 deciduous nut.—
Fast Bengal, Grifith; Khasia Hills; Shillong, alt. 4000 ft., C. B. Clarke.

, Sect. 2. Pseudo-cyperus. Glumes in fruit scarcely imbricate (but per-
sistent). Spikelets bearing 4 (or more) nuts. (Sp. 8-10.)

8. M. ischnos, C. B. Clarke; umbel of 1-3 spikes nearly (or quite)
agglomerated into 1 head, spikelets oblong bearing 4-7 nuts dirty-white,
thacheola very narrowly winged, nut oblong-ellipsoid 4 length of glume.
Sen ischnos, Schlecht. in Bot. Zeit. vii. 99; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi.

Kran and Kure HiLLs, G. Thomson (the single Old World example).—
ISTRIB, Trop, America.
: Nearly glabrous. Rhizome short. Stems 1-2 ft., slender. Inflorescence } in.
in diam., ovoid, dense, Spikelets 3 by 4; in. Nut-bearing glumes elliptic-oblong,
obscurely 9-nerved. Style short; branches 3, linear.

9. M. Hookerianus, C. B. Clarke; umbel of 7 cylindrie dense
spikes, rays scarcely any, spikelets oblong bearing 4 nuts dirty-white,
es of rhachilla lanceolate deciduous, nut oblong-ellipsoid as long as
glume.

SIKKIM ; in hot valleys, J. D. Hooker. .

Glabrous, Rhizome (seen) horizontal, woody, rather slender. Stems approxi-
mate, 20 in. Leaves 8-12 by iin. Umbel 14 in. in diam.; rays 0—4 in. ; bracts 4,
up to 6 in, Spikes $ by } in. Spikelets } by + in. when ripe obliquely erect.
s bearing glumes obtuse, with 9-11 strong nerves. Nut trigonous ; style-branches
; Near, .

„10. M. squarrosus, C. B. Clarke ; slender, annual, umbel subsimple
Spikes loose broad quadrate, spikelets divaricate linear 6-26-fld., glumes
eliptic with long recurved mucro, style 3-fid, nut linear-oblong curved.
Ver squarrosus, Linn. Sp. Pl. 66; Rottb. Descr. et Ic. 25, t. 6, fig. 3;

ees in Wight Contrib. 75; Kunth Enum. ii. 22; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl.
28] ; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 501; C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xx.

» and xxi. 94 (excl. var. B). C. maderaspatanus, Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 278
(el. sym, Pluk). C. hyalinus, Herb. Heyne; Wall. Cat, 3313 A. C.
Pusillus, Herd, Wight (partly). Pycreus squarrosus, Nees in Linnea ix.
—Üyperus, Wall. Cat. 3312 D (partly).

From BENGAL to CEYLON, and MERGUI.—DISTRIB. Trop. Afric. .

Glabrous, Stems 3-8 in., caespitose. .Leaves often as long as stems, de in.
road, weak. Umbel rays rarely up to 2 in.; bracts exceeding umbel, leaf-like.

tkelets 6-20 in a rather loose spike, in the common form 4 in. 6-8-fld., sometimes
nearly 1 in., 26-fd. ; rhachilla dehiscing froma pulvinus above the two lowest empty
plumes, Stamen 1. Nut about 3 length of glume (excl. its long arista).—Resembles

Yperus aristatus Rottb., with which it was mixed by Linnæus, and by many
authors since, , ,

Sect. 3. Tur iduli. Spikelets oblong or subovoid, hardly compressed.
Umbels compound. Robust. plants with coarse leaves. (Sp. 11.)

ll. M. albescens, Gaud. in Freyc. Voy. Bot. 415 ; leaves somewhat
thick transversely lineolate, spikelets closely approximate hardly con-
Ba Somewhat turgid oblong bearing 3-6 nuts, glumes obtuse, nut Short

ad ovoid. Cyperus pennatus, Lam. Ill. i. 144; Kunth Enum. ii. 80 ;
» w. Enum. 343; O. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 194. C. canescens,

ahl Enum. ii. 355 (excl. syn. Rheede); Nees in Wight Contrib. 84; Kurz

624 OLXXII. CYPERACER. (C. B. Clarke.) [ Mariscus.

Veget. Andamans, 54; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 340.—Cyperus, Wall. Cat.
3309 (mainly).—Rheede Hort. Mal. xii. 103, t. 55.

From BENGAL to CEYLON and SiNGAPORE.—DISTRIB. Trop. Afric, Malaya,
Austral., Polynes.—mostly near the sea. . f

Stems 1-3 feet. Leaves often nearly as long as stem, 3 in. broad, Rays o
umbel often 4 in. Spikes cylindric or ovoid, cinnamomeous-red or brown or straw-
colour,

Sect. 4 Flabelliformes. Spikelets subulate, bearing 4-14 nuts.

12. M. microcephalus, Presl. Rel. Haenk. i. 182; large, leaves
and bracts spongy, umbel compound or decompound, spikes stellately
globose brown, spikelets straight, glumes obtuse rather remote, nut nar
rowly obovoid top conie almost beaked. M. dilutus, Mees m Wight Cow
trib. 90. M. giganteus, Boeck. in Flora, xli. 443. Cyperus compactus,
Retz Obs. v. 10, fide Kunth. C. dilutus, Vahl Enum. ii.357 ; Kunth Enum.
11.92; Thw. Enum. 344; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 354; Kurz Rep. Anda-
mans, 54, and in Journ. As. Soc. xlv. (part 2) 158; C. B. Clarke in Tun
Linn, Soc. xxi. 198. C. spinulosus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 203.—Maniscus, Wall.
Cat. 3430, 3439, `

Throughout INDIA, alt. 0-3000 ft. ; from MussooREE and AssaM to CEYLON
and PENANG.— DISTRIB. Mauritius, China, Malaya. hin

Glabrous. Rhizome short. Stems 1-3 ft. Leaves nearly as long as stem, mé
broad. Umbel often 8-12 in. in diam. ; spikes of 20—40 spikelets. Spikelets p vj
times $ by de in, bearing 14 nuts, often much shorter bearing 4-8 nuls. aline
bearing glumes boat-shaped with 9 faint nerves. Wings of rbachilla oblong, bY!
persistent.

Subg. III. TonuLINIUM (Gen. Desv.) Spikelets bearing "€
nuts ; rhacheola finally breaking up into joints each containing ] nut.

13. M. ferax, C. B. Clarke; large or middle-sized, umbel d ech |
large compound, spikelets numerous spicate linear bearing dei b the
oblong black nuts, which fall off in the joints of rhacheola held, d al
persistent wings. Cyperus ferax, L. C. Rich. in Act. Soc. Hit. & .

arıs, i. 106; Kunth Enum. ii. 89; Boeck in Linnea, xxxvi. 39 91 OG
Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xx. 995 (excl. syn. C. lutens), and xxi. y, (not
odoratus, Forst. Prod. Ins. Austral. 6; Boeck. in Linnea, XXXVI. Pore
of Linn.). C. ferox, Vahl Enum. ii. 357. C. pennatus, Herb. vir" Brat.
Boeck. l c. 404 (not of Lam.). Diclidium ferox, Schrad. in Mart. £^.
u., pars 1, 54, Griffith

BENGAL; Furidpore, C. B. Clarke. Prev, Kurz, n. 2686. Rest)
(Kew Distrib. nn. 6143, 6198).—DrsrRIB. All warm regions. , nearly

Glabrous. Stolons 0; rhizome hardly any. Stems often 12-20 in., leaves y
as long, A in. broad; but small examples. occur. Umbel very varia jcuous,
24 in. in diam.; bracteoles (bracts to the secondary umbels) usually cousp ikes
leaf-like, but sometimes (as in type of L. C. Richard) very small.
3 1n. carrying about 20 spikelets which ultimately spread at right angles.
commonly A3 by Jy in, bearing 6-10 nuts, yellow or brown. Glume ae
elliptie, hardly keeled, about 7-nerved ; rhachilla (especially in fruit) usually ing the
wings short, elliptic, ultimately becoming firmer, yellowish-brown, en th of nub
nut. Nut oblong or ellipsoid, overtopping the wings; style hardly 4 leng
slender ; branches linear.—This abundant American species has, after seve ames
fally-distinct forms have been split off as species, been described under 53 »

CLXXIL CYPERACEZ. (C. B. Clarke.) 625

6. COURTOISIA, Nees.

_ Glumes persistent, 2 lowest empty, 1-3 succeeding (in the Indian species)
bisexual nut-bearing winged on keel; rhacheola disarticulating above the
two lowest empty glumes. Otherwise as Mariscus.—Species 2 or 3, in
Africa, Madagascar, India.

C. cyperoides, Nees in Linnea, ix. [1834] 286, and in Wight Con-
trib. 92; umbel compound, spikes globose very dense yellow-brown, spike-
lets compressed very flat broad-elliptic containing 1-2 nuts, style 3-fid,
nut narrow-oblong 2 length of glume. Arn. in Edinb. N. Phil. Jonrn. xvii.
262; Kunth Enum. ii. 127; Boeck. in Flora, xliv. 335, and in Linnea,
muy. 434; Benth. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1341. Kyllinga cyperoides, Roxb. Fl.
Ind.i.189. Mariscus cyperoides, Dietr. Sp. Pl. ii. 348. Cyperus Kleini-
anus, Hochst. in Herb. Hohenack. n. 645. C. glomeratus, Klein ms.—
Wall. Cat. 3537.

From SIKKIM and Assam to Mapras and PEGU, alt. 0-6000 ft., frequent.—
Disrgis, Madagascar.

. Glabrous, annual. Stems 3-16 in., caespitose. Leaves often as long as stem,
š in. broad, nearly smooth. Umbel rays 3-10, up to 1-4 in. long; bracts 3-7, up to
4-12 in. long; raylets of umbellules 3-5, up to 1 in.; bracteoles of umbellules often
lin. Spikes 4-1 in. in diam. Spikelets lin. Glumes boat-shaped, flattened ;
keel with a continuous glistening entire wing its whole length; sides not striate.
Stamens 3; anthers oblong. Nut trigonous, acutely-pyramidal at top, almost
beaked, chestnut black, smooth, outermost cells small, subquadrate. Style short,
Persistent ; branches linear, much longer than style, exsert.

7. BLEOCHARIS, R. Br.

Glabrous. Stems simple, erect, without nodes. Leaves 0, sheaths few
cylindric truncate or with a small unilateral subapical tooth, barren leaf-
e stems often present. Inflorescence a single (rarely more) terminal
Spkelet. GZumes imbricate on all sides, obtuse ; lowest “ bract,” (but not
Ways empty), not longer than the spikelet. Lowest flower nut-bearing,
rfect; many succeeding glumes usually nut-bearing, upper tabescent.
Ypogynous bristles 8-5, rarely fewer (in E. atropurpurea, often small
or 0. Stamens 3-1, anterior; anthers linear-oblong, not crested. Style
far, as long as the nut, branches 3 or 2, linear; style-base dilated,
constricted or apparently articulated on the nut, but usually persistent.
ut obovoid, plano-convex (when style bifid) or trigonous (when style
).—Species 113, cosmopolitan.

Sect. I. LiwNocuroa, Nees in Wight Contrib. 114 (not of Lestib.);
stems stout or medium; spikelets elongate, many-fld.; glumes subrigid,
e no-concave, not (or scarcely) keeled, of one colour nearly.—All stoloni-
Tous,

* Nut smooth (i.e. outer cells small, quadrate-hexagonal, inconspicuous).
Style 2-3.84.

l. E. plantaginea, Br. Prod. 224 (in note); stems robust terete
transversely septate when dry, spikelet fuscous straw-colrd. hardly wider
than stem, style 2-3-fid. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii, 302; Thwaites Enum.
352. E. tumida, Roem. & Sch. Syst. Mant. ii. 86. Scirpus plantagi-
roides, Rottb. Deser. et Ic. 45, t. 15, fig. 2. S. plantagineus, Retz. Obs. v.
ae Roxb. Fl. Ind. i.212 ? S.dubius, Roch Le. 215 (specimen imper-

OL. vr, Se

626 CLXXII. CYPERACER. (C. B. Clarke.). [ Eleocharis.

: : : ida, Nees
fect). S. tumidus, Roch, l.c. Limnochloa plantaginea and tumida, 27
in Wight Contrib. 114. Heleocharis plantaginea, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi
474 in small part. Eleocharis, Wall. Cat. 3454 (except B).

From SIND, SAHARUNPORE and ASSAM to CEYLON and the MALAY PENINSULA.
—DIsSTRIB. Tropics of Old World. . i

Stolons long, iin. diam. Stems 1-3 ft., 1-4 in. diam. ; slender eg
neus, Roxb.), or stout (Sc. tumidus, Roxb.) ; sheaths membranous, soon $ a T.
let 4-14 by 3-} in. (in some Madagascar examples 3$ in. long). ihe back Mei
suberect, densely packed, obovate, with numerous striations On Sven M the
lowest empty persistent, lowest stouter appearing as though a contin ellow-brown.
stem, Bristles 7, equalling or exceeding the nut, retrorsely scabrous, A Je-base de-
Nut rather large, 5-2 of glume, biconvex or obscurely trigonous ; ` T aginean by
pressed conic, brown-black. The American plants referred to Pul SESCH
Boeckeler are very distinct (E. interstincta, Br.) (see Benth. Fl. Austral. Vil.

: z rete
2. E. equisetina, Presl. Rel. Henk. i. 195; stems alent oe
transversely septate when dry, spikelet fuscous straw-coird.
the stem, style 2-fid.

. il ppines.
CEYLON ; Walker, Thwaites (C.P. 8777).—Di1sTRIB. N. Caledonin Phi a
Stems 1 foot, A in. diam. ; uppermost sheath close-fitting, what narrow
on one side by an oblong-triangular tooth. Nut obovoid, San distinguish the
triangularly at top.—Perhaps a var. of E. plantaginea; I canno
Ceylon from the Philippine examples.

** Nut reticulate or trabeculate. Style 3-fid, rarely 2-fid.

nearly
3. E. variegata, Kunth Enum. ii. 153; stems robust te per
terete not transversely septate, glumes suberect laxly ! s long as the
brown near their margin, bristles 7 retrorse scabrous abou pen. eni
cancellate nut. Heleocharis variegata, Boeck. in Linnea,
Mascarene Isles. ikelet, glumes
Var. laziflora, stems more slender, subtrigonous under narrower Zus tm te
fuscous green not red brown near margin, bristles longer than Cat. 3454, B
nut. Scirpus laxiflorus, Tw. Enum. 435.—Eleocharis, Watt.
(partly). reng:
Assam ; Simons. SILHET; J. D. Hooker. CEYLON; Thwaites, Mar
SULA, frequent to SINGAPORE, Kurz.—DistriB. Malaya, China, Po Y bacute at t0P-
Stems 8-16 in. ; uppermost sheath membranous, on one side ovatos inuation 0
Spikelet nearly 1 by à in. Glumes A in., lowest as though a con rowed at ape
stem, persistent. Style 3-fid, or sometimes 2-fid. Nut slightly "m 30-40 vertical
style-base conic; outer cells transversely oblong, small, superpose i
series, the nut appearing longitudinally 30—40-striate.

bi:

4. E. ochrostachys, Steud. Syn. Cyp. 80 (not d Dog
slender nearly terete not transversely septate many barr suberect la

spikelet slender scarcely broader than the stem, glumes ] ,

„in
imbricate dusky green, style 3-fid. Heleocharis subulata, Boeck. t
xli. 412.

MALACCA; Grifith. SINGAPORE ; Ridley.—DISTRIB. Java, Boray much fro?
Stems 8 by 35-75 in. Spikelet less than A in.—This does not

erous
very slender examples of S. variegata, var. laziflora, except by the num
stems.

M . 89; stems
5. E. fistulosa, Schultes in Roem. & Sch. Syst. ii. rene e et
robust not transversely septate triquetrous under the 8p!

Eleocharis.] ` CLXXI CYPERACE&, (C. B. Clarke.) 627

nearly an inch acute, bristles 6 as long as the cancellate nut retrorsely
scabrous, style usually 3-fid. E. acutangula and media, Schultes l.e. 91.
E. planiculmis, Steud. Syn. Cyp. 80; Zoll. Verz. Ind. Archip. ii. 69.
Scirpus fistulosus, Poir. Encycl. vi. 749. S. acutangulus and medius,
Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 913. Limnochloa media and acutangula, Nees in Wight
Contrib, 114. Heleocharis fistulosa, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 472.—
Eleocharis, Wa. Cat. 3453.

From NEPAL and Assam to Burma and Cryzoy.—Disrris. Tropics

y.
Stems 1-3 ft. by iin. Spikeleé scarcely broader than the stem, dusky green.
Glumes 4 in., suberect, obovate, rather laxly imbricate, dirty straw-colrd. Nut as
long as j glume, unequally biconvex, obovoid, top narrowed ; style-base ovoid-
conic; outermost cells transverse-oblong, superposed in 24—40 vertical series, nut
ence longitudinally striate.

6. B. spiralis, Br. Prod. 224 (in note); stems robust not transversely
*ptate triquetrous under spikelet, spikelet 3-1 in. obtuse, glumes obtuse
subtruncate, bristles much shorter than cancellate nut irregular smooth.

tw. Enum. 352 (excl. syn. media). Scirpus spiralis, Rottb. Descr. et Ic.
®, t.15, fig. 1; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 212; Wall. Cat. 3454, B (partly). S.
mutatus, Roxb. mss. Limnochloa spiralis, Nees in Wight Contrib. 114.

8. INDIA; not common; E. BENGAL; Griffith; Kurz. BowBAY; Salsette,
Jtequemont, Deccan PENINSULA; Wallich. BURMA; Griffith, &c. CEYLON;
vaites, &e.—DIsTRIB. Mauritius ? .

tems 2 tt. by i-lin. Spikelet 3-1 in. diam. ; very dense, marked by a spiral

»* apparently i.e, the summits of the very erect close regular glumes. Glwmes

porate, summit much depressed triangular nearly truncate. Style 2-3-fd.

ristles slender from 1-i the length of the glume, balf-obsolete. Nut half as long

glume ; style-base often nearly confluent with nut; outermost cells shortly trans-

red oblong, superimposed in 36—40 vertical series, so that the nut exhibits 36-40
er striations,

Sect. IT. E1zocenus, Nees in Wight Contrib. 112 (Genus); stems
leder or medium; spikelets many or few-fld., usually wider than the

H ms; glumes membranons, usually 1-3-nerved, keel green; style 2-fid.—
‘leocharis ( Genus), Lestib. Essai Cyp. 41.

l 7. B. atropurpurea, Kunth Enum. ii. 151; roots fibrous, stems
“ender, Spikelet small ovoid or subcylindric, bristles retrorsely scabrous
or 0, nut black smooth, style 2-fid base small depressed-conic white.
Ne in Flora xxv. 641 ; C. B. Clarke in Journ. Bot. xxv. 269. Scirpus
rig purpureus, Retz. Obs. v. 14; Roch, Fl. Ind. i. 219; Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ.
m 97, t. 995. Eleogenus atropurpureus, Nees in Wight Contrib. 113.
| - ]eocharis atropurpurea, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 454 (excl. var. y).
*olepis, Wall. Cat, 3489.
Est HIMALAYA, alt, 3000 ft, to Assam and CEYLON.—DisrRIB. Tropics
y, exce "
nat tems 2-6 pi TS 4—} in., many-fld. Giumes broad, obtuse, black-chest-
nt, keel green. Bristles in the Indian tropical examples usually 7-5, as long as the
inate the Himalayan (as in the European) examples O or very small. Nut
* obovoid, compressed, as long as 4-3 glume.

sil: E. capitata, Br. Prod. 225; roots fibrous, stems somewhat slender,

elet small dense obtuse, bristles as long as nut retrorsely scabrous

or ferruginous, nut black smooth, style 2-fid base small depressed
ss2

628 CLXXII. CYPERACEE. (C. B. Clarke.) [ Eleocharis.

" . ibs.
. Decne in Now. Ann. Mus. iii. 361 ; Thw. Enum. 351; Dalz, & G

Ce) Fl. 985; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. ii. 299. Scirpus capitate we

(partly); Roxb. F. Ind. i. 215. Eleogenus capitatus, Nees in We : » Wall

119. Heleocharis capitata, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 461.—1soiept

Cat. 3486, 3487, A, 3493.

t

BEHAR and BENGAL to CEYLON and SINGAPORE, not common. —DISTRIB. Mos

warm countries. . - "
Stems 2-14 in. Spikelet $- in., pale. Bristles 7, or fewer. P ros e

2 glume, compressed, obovoid. —Usually easily distinguished from y the colo

by its larger size; but small examples can hardly be separated except by

bristles (which are glistening-white in E. atropurpurea).

9. E. ovata, Br. Prod. 224 (in note) ; roots fibrous, seme "nime
slender, spikelet small dense, bristles exceeding the nut retrorsa e br
brown, nut straw-colrd. or brownish smooth, style 2- atus, Bot
triangular. C. B. Clarke in Journ. Bot. xxv. 268. Scirpus Të cleoch ies
Catal. i. 5. Eleogenus ovatus, Nees in Linnea, 1x. | 462 : Boiss. Pi
ovata, Boeck. in Flora, xlii. 2, and in Linnea, xxxvi ,

Orient. v. 387.

“opi d temp.
INDIA; Wallich, 3487 (partly in Herb. Kew).—DrstR1B. Tropics an
regions. the shape
Very much resembles E. capitata, except in the colour of the nut, and
of the style-base.

. ing, stems

10. E. palustris, Br. Prod. 224 (in note); rhizome creeping, nn,
medium or stoutish, spikelet ellipsoid or cylindric dense? t Contrib. 113;
or brownish, style 2-fid base conical or ovoid, Ne ees n Wig Nees l.
C. B. Clarke in Journ. Bot. xxv. 267. E. uniglumis, iii, 38, t. 297
Scirpus palustris, Linn. Sp. Pl. 70; Reichh. Ic. Fl. Germ, M 3, Fl. Orient:
S. uniglumis, Link Jahrb. iii. 77. Heleocharis palustris, h 3f d style)—
v. 386; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 466 (excl. examples wit
Eleocharis, Wall. Cat. 3449, 3450, 3451, 3455.

From the W. HiMALAYA, ascending to 12,500 ft., to Stala ya).
Distr1B. Cosmopolitan (not known from Australia, Oceania or Ma y ermost sheath

Rhizome black or chestnut. Stems 4-20 by j,—4 in. diam. 5, "i SSES
truncate, on one side sometimes triangularly produced. Spi 1 west empty about
chestnut or straw-colrd. Glumes obtuse, persistent, keel green, Lien, Bristles 6,
i surrounding or (in form uniglumis) almost wholly surrounding ` ) reduced be
as long as nut, retrorsely scabrous, rusty-brown, or (more tre escent top of t
in numbers and length. Stamens 3, but in flowers near the ^ Jong as ret
spikelet, and in small depauperated examples, 2-1. Nut as to a very or
unequally biconvex, obovoid, much narrowed at top, someter uadrate-bexae°
beak ; style-base contracted below on nut; outer cells of nut qure y -
or shortly longitudinal oblong, obscure i.e. nut smooth; or very
prominent, i.e. nut reticulated.

d Bra

put style
Sect. ITI. ErzocHanIs proper.—As Sect. IT. (Eleogenus),

3-fid.—Limnochloa, Lestib. Essai Cyp. 41 (not of Nees.)

-oblong §
* Aciculares. Nut trabeculate i.e. its outer transversely- -+ndinally
cells superimposed in vertical series so that the nut appe
striate. dote stems
e iform, >
ll. E. acicularis, Br. Prod. 224 (in note); rhizome fi Jate an
capillary, spikelet slender few-fld., style 3-fid, nut oblong-

Eleoeharis.] CLXXII. CYPERACEE. (C. B. Clarke.) 629

cord. C. B. Clarke in Lond. Journ. Bot. xxv. 970. Scirpus acicularis,
Linn. Sp. Pl. 71 (partly); Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 294, eleocharis ; Boeck. in
imaa, xxxvi. 431. Cheetocyperus costulatus, Nees et Meyen Pl. Meyen,

A MADRAS PENINSULA; Rottler (Herb. Kew).—DisTRIB. Europe, N. & E. Asia,
merica,

Stems 2-4in. Spikelet 1 in., with 4-6 (rarely 8-10) nuts. Glumes in the few-
fd. spikelets subremote, lower 2-3-stichous, upper distinctly spiral. Bristles 3-4,
white, feebly retrorse scabrid, variable in length, occasionally wanting. Nut as long
as 3-3 the glume, polyhedral, subterete, with 12-15 longitudinal ribs; style-base
small narrow bulbiform.

** Chætarieæ. Nut coarsely prominently cancellate, i.e. its outer sub-
quadrate large cells prominent.

12. E. Cheetaria, Roem. & Sch. Syst. ii. 154 and Mant. ii. 90; roots
fibrous, stems small, spikelet small few-fld., style 3-fid, nut triquetrous
white truncate. E. setacea, Br. Prod. 224 (in note), not 225, Cyperus
‘etaceus, Retz. Obs. v. 10; Doch, Fl. Ind. i. 185. Cheetocyperus Lim-
nocharis, Nees in Wight Contrib. 96. Ch. setaceus, Nees in Linnea, ix.
289; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 298; TÀw. Enum. 351. Heleocharis Chetaria,
Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 428.—Isolepis, Wall. Cat. 3485.

BENGAL to CEYLON and Maracca.—DIstTRr1B. Tropics. .
Rhizome 0, or sometimes nearly an inch, filiform, white. Stems usually 1-4 in.,
occasionally 6-10 in.; [uppermost sheath lax, whitened, scarcely torn. Spikelet i
m., with 1-4 nuts. Glumes subdistichous, upper spiral. Bristles 6, as long as nut,
Tetrorse] y scabrous, pale, occasionally smaller or obsolete. Nu as long as j glume,
the acute angles sometimes excurrent at its shoulder, outer cells in each face in
Series, sometimes perforated, style-base depressed-conic.

"- Leiocarpicæ. Nut smooth, ie. outer cells quadrate-hexagonal or
shortly longitudinal oblong obscure so that the nut is neither distinctly
striated nor distinctly reticulated.

13. E. subvivipara, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 424 (Heleocharis)
Cespitose, stems filiform, spikelet often proliferous, lower glumes

3-stichous, nut obovoid much narrowed at top, style 3-fid base linear-
‘onic, H. ezespitosissima, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 490.

Bo HASTA Huus: alt. 4-5000 ft, C. B. Clarke; Nitauirt HiLLs (fide

Keler).—Disrris. Madagascar. .

Roots fibrous, or (fide Baker) slender stolons sometimes present. „Stems 4-16
Vë uppermost sheath truncate. Spikelet 3-3 in., few-fld., sometimes longer
“Avate with many empty lower glumes. Bristles 6, as long as -nut, retrorse-
‘cabrous, pale ferruginous. Nut as long as j-$ the glume, trigonous, olive,
narrowed at top into an exceedingly short narrow neck ; style-base very much

ower than nut, wider than neck of nut.

l4 m. affiata, Steud. Syn. Cup. 76; caespitose, stems slender
ipPermost sheath truncate spikelet dense sometimes proliferous, nut
i voad yellowish green, base large pyramidal, style 3-fid, Mig. Fl
ge Bat. iii, 299. E. subprolifera, Steud. l.c. 80; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii.
life Scirpus afflatus, Benth. Fl. Hongk. 394. Heleocharis subpro-
pra, Boeck, in Linnea, xxxvi. 426. H. Thomsoni, Boeck. l. c. 451. H.
*chrostachys, Boeck. l.c. 452 (not of Steud.). H. chlorocarpa, Boeck. in

630 CLXXII. CYPERACEE. (C. B. Clarke.) ` [Hleocharis.

Flora, izi. 1878, 34. H. Kuntzei, Boeck. Cyp. Nov. i. 14.—Eleocharis sp.
n. 3, Herb. Ind. Ord. H. f. & T. Th.

KnasrA HILLs, alt. 0-6000 ft. ; Assam; Grifi!h ; MuxxiPoRE, Watt; BURMA,
Griffith, &c.—DrisTRIB. E. Asia, Java. . :angul

Stems 4-16 in., 4-6-striate; uppermost sheath with an oblique triangular
(scarcely mucronate) mouth. Spikelet 4—4 in., lower glumes in numerous spires.
Bristles 6 or 5-4, as long as nut, retrorsely scabrous, pale brown. Nut as long as
4-4 glume, trigonous, top slightly narrowed truncate closely applied to Sean"
(not forming a minute neck under it).

15. E. congesta, Don Prodr. 41; caespitose, stems slender, upper
most sheath truncate with a lateral tooth, spikelet dense sometimes pio”
liferous, style 3-fid, nut obovoid narrowed at top yellowish brown, a y
base bulbiform. E. palustris (P Br. vel. sp. nova) Strachey Cal. tus
Kumaon, 73. E. ovata, Thw. Enum. 351 (not Br.). Scirpus cog?" em
Spreng. Syst. Cur. post. 27.—Eleocharis purpurascens, Boeck. in Lannea,
xxxvi. 455.

Throughout INDIA, alt. 3-6500 ft. (except Bengal). KasBMIR, C. B. Cloi
Nerat, Wallich; CHoTrA NAoropr, C. B. Clarke; NILGHIRI HILLS, d
CEYLON ; Thwaites. : lar (as E.

Stems with many striations (hence nearly terete), not 4—6-striate An dp
afflata) ; mouth of uppermost sheath usually horizontal with a small toot A Pri
excurrent horizontally below the margin then curving upwards.—Otherwist ei
afflata, of which this may be a Western var., often referred to E. p

igonous
trom which species it widely differs in the fibrous roots, 3-fid sty le and trigon
nut.

16. E. tetraquetra, Nees in Wight Contrib. 113; rhizome shor
stems 4—3-quetrous, spikelet oblong-ellipsoid dense, bristles 6 long The.
nut brown-red densely retrorse-scabrous subplumose, style Hel ocharis
Enum. 351. E. erythrochlamys, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 11. 300. We Le
tetraquetra, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 447. H. Wichurai, aor
448. H. alta, Boeck. Cyp. Nov. i. l7. Scirpus Wichural, . Ona,
& Sav. Fl. Japon. ii. 544 (not of Boeck.). S. Hakonensis and Se Mosc.
Franch. & Sav. l. c. ii. 110, 111. S. petasatus, Maxim. in Bull
liv. 64.—Eleocharis, Wall. Cat. 3459. ox to

Throughout INDIA in the hills, alt. 1500-11,000 ft.; from poni Asia,
SIKKIM, and the Kuasta Hitts to CEYLON and Burma.—DISTRIB. "

Australia. some
Rhizome usually descending, short ; long slender stolons covered by sean some-

times present. Stems 8 in. to nearly 3 ft. ; uppermost sheath truncate,

- ` rse
times a minute lateral tooth. Spikelet 4-2 in., often a fine brown. ies in evolute
of the bristles much longer more densely placed than in other spec? '" asch,

examples bristles quite plumose. Nut } length of glume, trigonoUm zeg
yellowish, narrowed at top; style-base equalling 3-1 length of nut, ovoid,
scabrous,

8. FIMBRISTYLIS, la.

] F.
Stems tufted, roots fibrous or woody, short; stolons 0 (except penti
stolonifera & Pierotii). Leaves only near base of stem. Y spikelets.
terminal, umbellate, corymbose or reduced to few (or one) Ki ides
Spikelets solitary. or clustered, many-fld. Glumes imbricate pel up.
or (in Sect. Abildgaardia) lower distichous or subdistichous, "i
most nut-bearing spiral; 1-2 (rarely 3) lowest empty, sero

Fimbristylis.] CLXXIL OYPERACEE. (C. B. Clarke.) 631

ing with bisexual flowers deciduous, upper tabescent. Stamens 3 or 2-1,
anterior ; anthers not (or shortly) crested. Bristles 0. Style long or
longish, often villous, 3- or 2-fid, deciduous (leaving no button), or
Persistent; style-base dilated, constricted below the dilatation. Nut
obovoid (very rarely oblong), obtuse; gynophore more or less prominent,
sometimes dilated at apex into an obscurely 3-lobed saucer.—Species 125,
all warm regions.

CONSPECTUS OF THE SECTIONS (exceptions omitted).
Sect. I. ELEOCHAROIDES. Stems with one spikelets . . . . . Sp.1-9.

Sect. II. DICRELOSTYLIS. Style 2-fid.
Series A, Spikelets solitary
Series B. Spikelets clustered .

Sp. 10-26.
Sp. 27-30.

Sect. III. TRICHELOSTYLIS. Style 3-fid.
Series A. Spikelets solitary . . . . . . . . . Sp.81-45.
Series B. Spikelets clustered . . . . . . . . . Sp. 46-51.

Sect. IV. AniLDGAARDIA. Lower glumes distichous . . . . Sp. 52-58.

Sect. T. ErzocnamorpEs, Benth. Fl. Austral. vii. 301. Lowest fertile
glumes of the spikelet spirally imbricated; stems with 1 spikelet (1-3 in
F. polytrichoides).

* Style 2-fid ; nut biconvez.
t Nut oblong, style subpersistent.

l. F. tetragona, Br. Prod. [1810] 226 ; stem nearly leafless, spike-
let somewhat large conic dense-fld., style-branches 2 short, nut reticulate
"raw-colrd. Benth. Fl. Austral. vii. 305. F. cylindrocarpa, Kunth Enum.
u 222; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 7; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. xxxix. part d
F. abjiciens, Steud. Syn. Cyp. 107; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 316. F.
et, Thw. Enum, 348. Mischospora efoliata, Boeck. in Flora, xliii.
13.—Isolepis ?, Wall. Cat, 3490 F.
Bod hroughout INDIA, except the North-West, alt. 0-3000 ft.; from NEPAL and
MBAY to CEYLON and Tavoy.—Disrais. E. Asia, Australia.
Glabrous, Stems 4-24 in., tufted, obscurely quadrangular; uppermost sheath
aterally mucronate or produced, sometimes up to 1-1} in., lanceolate, coloured,
y foliaceous, Spikelet 4-2 in., terete, erect. Glumes oblong, truncate, scarcely
shor onate, keeled, horizontally spreading ; 2 or 3 lowest empty, ovate, much
th rter than spike. Stamens 2 (rarely 3). Style long, flattened, villous nearly to
le base, Nut as long as 4-4 glume, linear-oblong, plane-convex, curved, deciduous
ih glume, stalked ; outermost cells quadrate-hexagonal, conspicuous, in about 9
"gitudinal series on each face of nut.

l tt Nut obovoid, transversely wavy wrinkled or ridged (outermost cells
"ngitudinally oblong).

le 2. T. acuminata, Vahl Enum. ii. 285; stem leafless with one erect
Dëeolate Spikelet, style 2-fid, nut obovoid transversely wavy wrinkled
Wcolrd, rarely becoming discoloured brown. Nees in Wight Contrib.
EW Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 314; Thw. Enum. 348; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii.
T: acicularis, Br. Prod. 226. Scirpus soaber, Bos. p. Iu ES
9n scabra, Dietr. Sp. Pl. ii. 99.—Isolepis ?, Wall. Cat.
(arty) 3494, e

632 CLXXI. CYPERACEZE, (C. B. Clarke.) [Fimbristylis.

Throughout INDIA, alt. 0-2000 ft., from, RUMAON and AssAM, to CEYLON and
Matacca.—Disrris. E. Asia, Malaya, Australia.

Glabrous. Stems 4-12 in., slender, obscurely quadrangular ; uppermost Je
produced on one side, 0-} in. Spikelet 4-3 in. Glumes ovate, scarcely m £ Pen
pale or chestnut with green keel; lowest 2-3 empty, much shorter ical p oe
Stamens usually 2. Style nearly as long as nut, flattened, slight y s Taste
branches shorter than style. Nut as iong as 3-} glume, biconvex, w1
transverse ridges.

9. F. setacea, Beuth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. n. La
stem bristle-like, leafless (see var.) with one slender erect ancec d She
let, style 2-fid, nut very small obovoid transversely wavy Wio Linnen,
F. acuminata, 8 minor, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 314; Boeck. 1
xxxvii 4. Isolepis cochleata, Steud. Syn. Cyp. 100.

S. BURMA, Kurz. SINGAPORE, Kurz, Ridley.— DISTRIB. Amboyna,
tralia. . keel
Stem 4-6 in. Spikelet 3 by Ae in. Glumes pale, thin, sax (except )
hyaline.—Differs from F. acuminata by its slenderness and very sma .

. ; or Jess
Var. brevifolia (sp.) Steud. l. c. 72 (sub Abildgaardia); leaves more
developed, sometimes nearly as lon g as stem.—Philippines, Australia.

N. Aus-

ike-
4. F. nutans, Vahl Enum. ii. [1806] 285; stem nearly kafee
let oblong or ovoid often oblique, style 2-fid, nut obovoid 2 Enum.
wrinkled white rarely discoloured. Nees in Wight Contrib. MZ 12
348 ; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 5. Scirpus nutans, Retz Obs. 1v.

. ARS,
Kmasta Hinzs, alt. 2500 ft., C. B. Clarke. Burma, Griffith, &c. Af
Kurz. CEYLON, Thwaites, &c.—Distris. Borneo, China, Australia. a little large?
Stem 8-20 in. Spikelet 4 by A in. Glumes rusty-brown, lowe acuminata bit
much shorter than the spikelet, deciduous.—Hardly differs from F.
by the rather broader, oblique spikelet. , ik
rick-
ttt Nut obovoid, smooth, reticulate (1.e. outermost cells arranged asb
wall parenchyma).

ous,
9. F. polytrichoides, Vahl Enum. ii. [1806] 248; slender, EE

stem with 1 (rarely 2-3) ellipsoid-oblong obtuse spikelet, B ite-scaly on
obtuse, style 2-fid, nut smooth brown-black often slightly e ub-bulbose,
shoulders. Nees in Wight Contrib. 96; Thw. Enum. 348. F. 007 (not of
Boeck. in Flora, xli. 598. F. juncea, Boeck. in Linnea, nia 2, Wall.
Roem. & Sch.). Scirpus polytrichoides, Retz. Obs. iv. 11. Iso ep
Cat. 3487 B (partly), C, 3539.— Rumph. Amb. vi. 17, t. 7, fig. +

From BENGAL to CEYLON and Maracca, common near the se
Tropics of Old World, s or

Stems 14-8 in. Leaves about half as long as stem ; sheaths glabren ricate 0n d
puberulous. Spikelet commonly j by à in. Glumes many, densely west sometime
sides, fuscous brown ; 2-8 lowest empty, often like the others, but her sho
l in., as though a continuation of stem. Stamens 3-1. Style rat void, Wem"
nut, glabrous, base little dilated. Nut as long as à glume, obore eg
outermost cells in about 30 rows on each face, ultimately marcescent 8

.. gpikelet UP
Var. HALOPHILA (sp.), Kurz ms.; stems and leaves stouter, spike?
by 4 in. — BENGAL ; Soondreebun, Kurz. Mapras; Nellore, Gon ristl Jike

istle-
5; stem att

—Di87219.

to)

6. F. tenuicula, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxviii. 98 btuse
sheaths hairy, spikelet cylindric-lanceolate, glumes ovate ©

Fimbristylis.] CLXXIL CYPERACEÆ. (C. B. Clarke.) 033

mucronate, style 2-fidj nut smooth brown obscurely white-scaly on
shoulders.

SyrnzT, C. B. Clarke. TENASSERIM, Helfer.

Stem 4-8 in, Spikelet 4 by A, in. Glumes suberect, dirty straw-colour, keel
green, lowest like the others or if bracteiform shorter than spikelet. Stamens 1-2.
Style below bifurcation glabrous or sparsely hairy. Nut less obtuse than that of
F. polytrichoides 3 outermost cells larger, in about 15 longitudinal rows on each face
of nut.—Otherwise as F. polytrichoides, from which it differs chiefly in its narrower
acuter spikelet,

Style 3-fid; nut trigonous.

7. F. pauciflora, Br. Prod. 225; stem bristle-like, spikelet slender
lanceolate pale, style 3-fid, nut obovoid white shoulders subtubercled.
Benth, Fl. Austral. vii. 303. F. filiformis, Kunth Enum. ii. 221; Miq. Fl.
Ind. Bat. iii. 314; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 23. F. pumila, Benth. in
Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. [1843] 239; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 315. F.
malaccana,' Boeck. in Flora, xl. 597. Trichelostylis filiformis, Nees in
Wight Contrib. 102. Isolepis ?, Wall. Cat. 3488.

From Merrett, Griffith, to SINGAPORE, Wallich.—DisTRIB. E. Asia, Malaya,
N. Australia.
Annual, glabrous, Stems 4-8 (rarely 12) in., tufted, leafless, or lower sheaths
Sometimes leaf-bearing (or fide Boeckeler uppermost sheath sometimes leaf-bearing).
Pikelet 1 by zo in. Glumes ovate, imbricate (somewhat loosely) on all sides, erect,
concave, adpressed, white, subscarious, with rusty spots on the back, all falling ;
eola scarcely hispid. Stamens frequently 2. Style below trifurcation nearly
Slabrous, deciduous together with its narrowly-pyramidal style-base. Nut as long
glume ; outermost cells small, obscure.

h 8 F. Kingii, C. B. Clarke ms.; Boeck. Cyp. Nov. ii. 40; stem slender
e£ spikelet ovoid-ellipsoid, glumes ovate obtuse, style 3-fid, nut obovoid
üsky black minutely scabrid.

Ninenrer HI xs, alt. 6-8000 ft. `
"come very short. Stems 4-12 in., tufted. Leaves as long as 3-3 stem, narrow,
má Spikelet 4 in., terminal, erect, terete, dense-fld. Glumes imbricate on all
Ze, adpressed, concave scarcely keeled, chestnut-brown, slenderly 3-5-nerved,
Tous ; lowest empty, like the others or more seldom bract-like 3-1 in. Stamens
bus Ye long, slender, glabrous, deciduous together with its narrowly-pyramidal
; branches long. Nut as long as } glume, trigonous; outermost cells small,
ae aate, lax, subpapillose, scarious.—Near the Australian F. monandra, F.
er,
.9. T. Subtrabeculata, C. B. Clarke; stem „Slender, spikelet ellip-
wid, glumes ovate obtuse, style 3-fid, nut obovoid straw-colrd. smooth
rabeculate.

Arten Hirrs; Pykara, alt. 5600 ft., Gamble. ` .
4 glabrous, Rhizome 0, or short, slender, descending nearly vertically. Stems
fin m., tufted. Leaves several, longish (often 3 stem), bristle-like. Spikelet 3 in.,
Je brown ; bract O or shorter than spikelet. G@lumes numerous, imbricate on all
“8, concave, scarcely keeled, brown, 3-nerved, paler on back. Style long, gla-
Y us, deciduous together with its narrowly-pyramidal base, branches long, linear,
ut as long as 2 glume, obtuse, scarcely stalked, trigonous ; outermost cells trans-
ly oblong white not vertically superimposed in regular series; nut thus not
Dé tudinally striate but irregularly conspicuously trabeculate.— This may be F.
bulbosa, Boeck. Cep. Nov. ii, 39 (non Flora xli. 598) from description; but Boeck.

this is * allied to P. juncea, Roem. & Sch. with 2-fid style (sometimes 3-fid).”

634 CLXXII. CYPERACEJ&. (C. B. Clarke.) [ Fimbristylis.

Sect. II. DıcmeLostYLIS, Benth. Fl. Austral. vii. 309 (not Dichostyis
[Genus] Nees). Lowest fertile glumes of the spikelet spirally gei i
stems with many or several (depauperated examples not rarely z "i
spikelet; style 2-fid; nut biconvex; style usually flattened from Op
back, often villous below its bifurcation.— This section contains à ror
species as are neither Eleocharoides nor Abildgaardia, and have on Je
branches to the style. In this section the style is never 3-fid om lis
stolonifera, var. B). Compare, among the species placed in Trichetostyns
F. globulosa, and F. cymosa in which 2-fid styles sometimes occur.

Series A. Spikelets all (or nearly all) solitary— ezcept in Ke
often paired, in F. diphylla (and in other species) occasional dé d !
iu F. spathacea the umbel is dense, sometimes congested into a head.

* Stem with few (often 3-1) spikelets.

10. F. schoenoides, Vahl Hnum. ii. 286; glabrous, mon eri
middle-sized ovoid spikelets, style 2-fid, nut obovoid stalta trib. 97;
smooth white rarely discoloured brownish, Nees in Wight Y. bis ‘sata,
Thw. Enum. 348; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 5 (excl. var. B). F. bispi
Nees L c. 97 (mainly); Boeck. l. c. 6 (partly). F. inconstans Flora,’
Syn. Cyp. 107. F. polymorpha var. depauperata, Boeck. i Zenit.
lviii. 111. Scirpus schoenoides, Retz Obs. v. 14. S. monostac Tos mA
me.; Rozb. Fl. Ind.i.219. S.bispicatus, Boch, l.c. 220. Isolepis Uo
stachya, Spreng. Neue Entdeck. ii. 11. I. bispicata, Roem. & Bleogiton
Mant. ii. 61. I. rariflora, Schrad. in Roem. & Sch. l.c. 65. Presl Rel.
monostachya, Dietr. Sp. Pl. ii. 97. Abildgaardia nervosa, + e8,
Haenk. i. 180.—Isolepis ?, Wall. Cat. 3490 (except F).

Throughout Inp1a, alt. 0-6300 ft.—Disrrrs. S.E. Asia, N. were rather

Rhizome 0, or rarely horizontal, very short. Stems 4-12 in., (occasionally
slender, striate, base often thickened. eaves as long as i-i sek scabrous.
longer than stem), narrow, edges incurved (when dry) most minu «d iy muere
Spikelets 4$ in., dense-fld., pale or brown. Glwmes ovate, obtuse, P bac ; lowest
nate, adpressed, incurved, many-striate, rusty-brown rarely green si^ 4-1 OH all
empty, like the rest, or rarely bract-like with green nerve excurren
caducous seriatim, leaving the rhachilla minutely hairy by the ragg
areoles. Stamens 3, rarely 2; anthers not crested. Style long, Mà t cells very
nearly to base; branches short. Wut as long as i-i glume ; outermos
small, subquadrate obscure.—The large Khasi form, with rusty -brown SP
long, is by Boeckeler added (perhaps rightly) to F. sub-bispicata.

, Qur-
. M. F. sub-bispicata, Nees d Meyen, in Nov. Act. Acad. We style
xix., Suppl. i. 75; glabrous, stem with 1-3-6 large cylindric SP! e brown.
2-fid, nut obovoid stalked biconvex smooth white or becoming . CYP:
Benth. Fl. Hongk. 391. F. japonica, Sieb. et Zucc. ms. ; Steud. DY”
107. F. bispicata, Boeck. in Linnæa, xxxvii. 6 (partly).

Orissa; Pooree, W. S. Atkinson, —DrisTRIB. China, Japan. 4 glome—
Stems 8-20 in. Spikelets up to 1 by 4 in. Mut scarcely as long . thi sea, and
The type of Nees and Meyen is an abundant East Asiatic plant near let; buf the
appears distinct from F., schenoides by its larger size and larger spikelets
Species is scarcely otherwise separable, though admitted by Bentham. e
of spec

** Stem with many or several spikelets [but, even in the case ° ome.
that have normally a compound Einhel. M examples with few (
times with 1) spikelets occur.]

Fimbristylis.] CLXXI. CYPERACEE. (C. D. Clarke.) 635

+ Nut linear-cylindric, curved.

_ 12. F. dipsacea, Benth. in Gen. Pl. iii, 1049; slender, umbel
ample or compound of 12-1 spikelets, glumes aristate, squarrose, style
longish branches 2 long. Scirpus dipsaceus, Rottb. Descr. et Ic. 56, t. 12,
fg. 1; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 736. S. minimus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 219.
Echinolytrum dipsaceum, Desv. Journ. Bot. i. 21, t. 1; Nees in Wight
Contrib. 96. Isolepis dipsacea, Roem. & Sch. Syst. ii. 119; Thw. Enum.
. I. elachista, Roem. & Sch. Syst. Mant. ii. 61. I. verrucifera, Mazim.
Prim. Fl. Amur. 300.—Isolepis, Wall. Cat. 3478 A, 3479 (mainly).
From CENTRAL INDIA, BENGAL, and ASSAM, to BURMA and CEYLON.— DISTRI.
Afric., E. Asia,
Annual, nearly glabrous. Stems 1-6 in., tufted. Leaves often as long as stem,
capillary. Umbel often 1-3 in. diam. ; bracts several, often overtopping umbel.
elets X in, diam., subglobose, dense with aristate glumes. Glumes elliptic, pale,
nerve: green long exeurrent into a curved tail. Stamen 1 or 2; anthers small,
oblong, not crested. Style slender, glabrous, branches longer than nut; style-base
‘lightly bulbous, persistent or deciduous. Young pistil frequently ornamented by
clavate glands, which usually disappear in fruit, but in Wight, n. 1865 (described in
. Pl. iii. 1049), are developed into ovoid processes nearly as wide as nut. Nut
nearly as long as glume (omitting its arísta), usually smooth pale brown, minutely
Dsversely wavy-lined, but sometimes papillose scabrous by reason of the persistent
glands.— Perhaps a distinct genus, for it is not closely allied to any other species.
authors have placed it in Scirpus, Sect. Micrantht, to which it has little re-
semblance, except in tbe aristate squarrose glumes ; the nut and style are wholly
different, Bentham has placed it in Fimbristylis with which the inflorescence
glumes and even nut fairly agree, but the style does not; it is often deciduous, and
lie metimes leaves a minute button on the apex of nut, much as in Bulbo-

tH Style-base with many long pendent hairs.

13. F. squarrosa, Vahl Enum. ii. 289; slender, umbel compound,
glumes Shortly aristate more or less squarrose, style 2-fid, nut obovoid
‘nooth straw-colrd. Reichb. Jc. Fl. Germ. viii. 44, t. 735; Boeck. in Linnea,
wi. 10. F. comata, Nees in Wight Contrib. 102. Scirpus aestivalis,

all. in Roxb, Fl. Ind. i. 230 (in note, not of Reiz), Pogonostylis squar-
"5a, Berto], Fl. Ital. i. 319.—Fimbristylis, Wall. Cat. 3517 C, partly.

Det KASHMIR and Assam to Mr. ABoo and BURMA; especially in rice-fields.
IB. All warm regions. . .

Leg ual; all parts pubescent, puberulous or glabrous. Stems 2-8 in., striate.
baer 28 long as 3-3 stem. Umbels often 2-4 in. in diam., with many spikelets;
facis usually short, sometimes as long as umbel. Spikelets 3-4 by Ys, in. Glumes
ous, keel 3-5-nerved, excurrent into a curved tail. Stamens often 2. Style
en, » hairy below bifurcation; from the margin of style-base hang 10-18 uni-
ba AT slender linear trichomes, as long as 3-2 nut, closely adpressed to it; style-
easily deciduous with the (then conspicuous) trichomes. Nut as long as 4 glume,

*' conspicuously striate longitudinally.

Ht Nut obovoid, conspicuously longitudinally striate, trabeculate (by
Qf the transverse short-oblong cells between the striations).

l4. P, dichotoma, Vahl Enum. ii. 287 ; umbel-compound or decom-

» Spikelets many solitary oblong angular, glumes ovate acute gla-
De Style 2-fid, nut 5-9-striated on each face straw-colrd. or rarely
d. black-brown. Nees in Wight Contrib. 101; Boeck. in Linnea,

636 CLXXII. OYPERACEZ. . (C. B. Clarke.) [ Fimbristylis.

xxxvii. 12 (excl, var. B, y, F. Royeniana and American sp.); Benth. Fl.
Austral. vii. 310 (excl. some syns.). F. pallescens, Nees Le, 101; Strachey
Cat. Pl. Kumaon, 73; Thw. Enum. 348. Scirpus dichotomus, Lina.
Sp. Pl. 50; Rottb. Descr. et Ic. 57, t. 18, fig. 1. S. annuus, Host
Grom. Austr. ji. 42, t. 63 (style wrongly 3-fid). S. pallescens, Roab,
Fl. Ind. i. 929.—Fimbristylis, Wall. Cat. 3511, 3515, 3516 B, 3517 A.

Throughout Lena, alt. 0-4000 ft., especially in rice-fields.—Drsrgis. Warm
regions of Old World.

Annual, pubescent or puberulous. Stems 2-10 in., tufted. Leaves often as long
as stem, narrow. Umbel often 2-4 in. diam., sometimes with 9-5 spikelets only;
bracts often as long as umbel. Spikelets } by $ in., somewhat angular from the
acute keels to glumes. Glumes boat-shaped, ferruginous, keel green 1-3-nerved,
lowest empty more or less bract-like often pubescent. Stamens 2-1 (or 3 fide
Boeckeler). Style long, flattened, often villous nearly to base. Nut as long ast
glume, biconvex ; outermost cells, shortly transversely oblong, conspictous, vertically
superimposed in 5-9 rows on each face of nut.—Closely allied to F. diphylla, in
which the spikelets are terete, the glumes being much less keeled than m F. dic
oma,

15. F. diphylla, Vahl Enum. ii. 289; tufted, roots fibrous, lere
as long as 3-2 stem, umbel compound or simple or reduced to 1 spikele
spikelets ovoid-oblong terete, glumes glabrous, style 2-fid, nut b i
striated on each face straw-colrd., or rarely discolrd. brown, Nees m Ze
Contrib. 100; Thw. Enum. 348. F. laxa, Vahl Enum. n. 292. F
tomentosa, Vahl Le 990. Nees l e. 100 & in Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur.
xix. Suppl. i. (1843) 81. F. glauca, Vahl Lc. 288. F. annua, Horm
Sch. Syst. ii. 95, and Mant. ii. 55; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. Wb
depauperata, Br. Prodr, 297. F. curvifolia, Steud. Cyp. 116. F. H
phylla, Schultes in Roem. & Sch. Syst. ii. Mant. 530. D foliosa, Link ^
Berol.i.288. F. cincta, Nees l. c. 98 (in note). F. Royeniana, Meer"
F. ovalis, Nees l.c. 98; Thw. Enum. 348. F. podocarpa, Nees l €. enth
§ in Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. xix. Suppl. i. (1843) 77 (partly); t Pl.
Fl. Hongk. 391.. F. communis, Kunth Enum. ti, 234; Strachey Ca. i
Kumaon, 73 (excl. syns.). F. Metzii, Steud. Syn. Cyp- 127. ^ Vahl"
Steud. Syn. Cyp. 112. F. spadicea, Boeck. in Flora, xlii. 70 (not of peck.
F. pentastachya, Boeck. l. c. xl. 36 & in Linnea, xxxvii. 17. F. Hey nor omt
in Flora, xliii. 244. F. polymorpha, Boeck. in Linnea l.c. 1T (eue m
syns.j. F. rigidula, Thw. l.c. 348 (not of Nees). Scirpus diphyllus, 171,
Obs. v. 155 Roxb. FI. Ind. i, 927, S. annuus, Allioni Fl Peder 5 pg
Geng fig. 3. S. miliaceus, brevifolius, arvensis and glomeratus, WEN

4, 226, 297. Trichelostylis curvifolia, Nees l.c. 105 Di note). ‘sty lis,
carvifolia, Schrad. in Roem. & Sch. Syst. ii. Mant. 70.— Fimbristy
Vall. Cat. 3501, 3507 (mainly) 3508, 3539 (mainly) 3518, 3521 A-

Throughout IxD1A, alt. 0-6000 ft. ; common.—DISTRIB. All warm regio tems
Joq abrous or hairy. Rhizome none, or very rarely 0-1 in.; stolons linear o
m in., striate, 3-5-angled (rarely compressed) under umbel. Leave’ pels 1-8
f i orm, obtuse or acute, glabrous or hairy, never reduced to sheaths. geg
" lam.; bracts 3-4, sometimes short suberect, sometimes spreading m

an umbel. Spikelets commonly 3-2 in. Glumes concave, gla ek greens
minutely ciliate on margins), brown or reddish, rarely chestnut-colra., bac
lowest 1-3 empty like the others, or rarely somewhat elongated bract-like. es Ta
2. e l. Style long, flattened, villous (at least in the upper half); bran th almost

x rt. Nut as long as $ glume, biconvex, obovoid, shortly stalked, BEE
glistening white, or in the Malay examples slightly tubercular on SS

Fimbristylis.] CLXXII. CYPERACEEZ. (C. B. Clarke.) 637

limited here, this is one of the most widespread weeds in the world.— The following
Varieties (among many others) have been esteemed species :—

Var. 1. ANNUA (sp.) Roem & Sch.; umbel with few (often with 3-1) ellipsoid
obtuse spikelets. —Common in Europe, rare in Bengal.

Var, 2. DEPAUPERATA (sp.) Br.; stems very slender, flaccid, with few spikelets
=C. B. Clarke (n. 44119) from Assam, has a long slender stem, with a single lateral
spikelet, overtopped by most slender leaves ; recedes from the type F. diphylla more
than does the Australian F. depauperata.

Var. 3, PLURISTRIATA, var. C. B. Clarke (F. pilosa of most authors not of
Vahl; sheaths and leaves often hairy, nut 10-16-striate on each face often
dies or tubercular on shoulders.—A very common southern, especially Malay
orm,

Var. 4. sPIRosTACHYS (sp.) F. Muell. ; large, umbel large, spikelets large.—
In Australia; but a Khasia form is equally large.
„Var, NILAGIRICA ; rhizome very short, creeping; stems 12 in. in a close linear
SC leaves filiform.— Perhaps referable to F. stolonifera. Nilghiri Hills, Pykara,
ing.

16. F, stolonifera, C. B. Clarke; stoloniferous, spikelets dark
"d otherwise as F. diphylla.—Fimbristylis, Wall, Cat. 3503, A, B
part) C.

Kniet, Hirrs, alt. 2-5600 ft., common. MUNEYPOOR; Watt. NEPAL or
ENGAL; Wallich.

, Stolon breaking out horizontally from the base of stem, hardening into a long
miry rhizome clothed with lanceolate striate dusky scales. Stems subsolitary,
1-2 ft., slender. Leaves as long as j—$ stem, erect, very narrow, tip obtuse, hairy
or glabrate. Umbel nearly simple, sometimes depauperated with few spikelets.
Spikelets 2 by 4 in.

Var. ludens ; style-branches 3 or 4,—Khasia ; alt. 6-7000 ft., C. B. Clarke.

TTT Nut obovoid, smooth, reticulate (not conspicuously striate longi-
tudinally,)

17. F. eestivalis, Vahl Enum. ii. 288; umbel compound or decom-
pound, Spikelets many solitary oblong subcylindrie, glumes ovate acute
-Jmucronate, style 2-fid, nut smooth obscurely reticulate straw-colrd.
ees in Wight Contrib. 102; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 11; Trimen Cat.
PI, Ceylon, 101 (excl. syn.) F. Griffithiana, Steud. Syn. Cyp. 110. F.
dichotoma, Boeck. in Flora, xlii. 70 (not of Vahl). F. tricholepis, Mig. Fl.
d ^ Bat. iii. 319. F. Griffithii, Boeck. in Flora, xliii. 241. Scirpus
&stivalis, Retz Obs. iv. 12; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 227.—Isolepis, Wall. Cat.

75.—Fimbristylis, Wall. Cat. 3516, A, 3517 B, D, E.

8 Throughout INDIA, alt. 0-3000 ft. (except the North-west), abundant.—DiSTRIB.
` . Asi i var. in America.

Annual, Wiese or puberulous. Stems 2-10 in. Leaves often as
long as i-istem. Spikelets à by 4; in. Glumes keeled, glabrous or pubescent,
erect or Subsquarrose, Stamens 1-2. Style scarcely longer than nut, slightly com-

, usually villous; margin of style-base often minutely hairy (not with long
Pendent trichomes of F. squarroea). Nut as long as j glume; outermost cells
iaedrate-hexagonal, arranged in 12-16 vertical rows on each face of nut, but far
Prominent than in F. dichotoma.

. 18. P. scaberrima, Nees in Wight Contrib. 102; stems middle-
Sized compressed under umbel, leaves and bracts long, umbel compound

638 CLXXII. CYPERACEE. (C. B. Clarke.) [ Fimbristylis.

i - Boeck.
and decompound, style 2-fid, nut obovoid smooth straw colrd.
in Linnea, xxxviii. 409 (not xxxvii. 13.)—Fimbristylis, Wall. Cat. 3507,
C.

SYLHET; Wallich.

Glabrous. Roots fibrous, stout. Stems 12-20 in. scabrous on edges ae
Leaves flat, robust, often overtopping stem. Bracts 3-4, two lower oa ee
very scabrous on margins. Spikelets many, à by Ae in., 5-8-fid., wih i carodlg
brown. Glumes ovate, acute, adpressed-incurved. Stamens 3. Style We cones
compressed, nearly glabrous; branches long. Nut as long as $ glume, 2 Fitar
scarcely stalked ; outermost cells very small in 20-24 vertical series on ea

From the flattened top of stem and small spikelets this has been sometimes referred
to F. complanata.

19. F. podocarpa, Nees in Wight Contrib. 98 (partly); nut pam
finely reticulated not longitudiually striated, gy nophore very yr kel
obpyramidal, otherwise as F. diphylla. Nees & Meyen in Now c ek
Nat. Cur. xix. Suppl. i. (1843) 77, var. 6 (and part a not B.) P, qni
Kunth Enum. ii, 234 (partly). F. polymorpha, Boeck. in Linnea,

14 (partly).—Fimbristylis, Wall. Cat. 3521 B.

From the W. Himalaya to UPPER Assam and Dacca; CHOTA Nasroan C
Clarke; Knasia, H. f. et T. T. (Fimbristylis n. 33); &c.—DisTRIB. Malaya,
Marianne Isles. fF.

This is F. podocarpa, Munro ms. and Herb. Hook. f.; the type example i J
podocarpa in Wight named by Nees’ hand is typical F. diphylla, \ hable from
podocarpa (as here understood) the gynophore is obpyramidal, distingua ach some
the nut, its apex is dilated sometimes into a 3-lobed saucer resembling ay
Sclerias. The nut has the small outermost cells in 20-24 rows on each face.

iddle-

20. F. fuscinux, C. B. Clarke; nearly glabrous, stoma ui
sized, leaves long, umbel large compound, glumes keeled acute pu
style 2-fid, nut obovoid smooth dusky finally black.

N. Innia; Moradabad, T. Thomson; SIKKIM TERAI, C. B. Clarke. Umbel often

Stems 8-20 in. Leaves as long as }-% stem, rigid, tip subobtuse, | r by reason
6 in. diam. Spikelets all solitary, ovoid, 3-3 in. long, somewhat anga " ders o
of the keeled glumes. Glumes glabrate, margins ciliate hairy, $ VP rom
puberulous, tips spreading not adpressed incurved (as in F. ferr uginea).

. . it is nearer +
large umbel and long leaves this has been referred to F. diphylla; itis T
ferruginea.

Pe
21. F. albo-viridis, (. B. Clarke ms. in Herb. Dat Le
somewhat lax, nut obovoid straw-colrd. shinin smooth or wl
obscure longitudinal striations—otherwise as F. diphylla. Crept
E. BENGAL; Grifith (in Herb. Caleutt.) ; RrveR MEGNA, J. D. Hooker;
AÀSSAM, Jenkins. twice compound,
Stems 12-20 in. Leaves long, nearly glabrous. Umbel once or "n ed purple
pedicels long. Spikelets 4-1 in. long, greenish-white, sometimes SR small, #
chestnut. Nut often with minute scattered white scales ; outermost d examples
25-30 longitudinal series on each face.— Very near F. diphylla, but a sch

iphyl
agree closely, and the marking of the nut is unlike that of F. diphy
nearer that of F. podocarpa.

short
. 8

22. F. ferruginea, Vahl Enum.291; stems 8-30 in» 107° ll
sometimes none, glabrous or hairy, umbel simple or ys aee obovoid
contracted, glumes often puberulous below tip, style un g, Nes ™
smooth pale finally brownish. Delile Fl. ZEgypt, 10, t. 6, Dë"

Fimbristylis. | CLXXII, CYPERACEX. (C. B. Clarke.) 639

Wight Contrib. 97; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 987 ; Thw. Enum. 348 ; Boeck.
in Linnea, xxxvii. 16. F. arvensis, Vahl Enum. ii. 291. F. marginata,
Labill. Bert. Austro-Caledon. ii. t. 16, fig. 1. F. Roxburghii, Dietr. Sp.
Pl. ii. 162. F. confinis, Steud. Syn. Gun, 115. F. trispicata, Steud. l.c.
107. F. cyrtophylla, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 325. F. ochreata,Boeck.in Flora
xi. 599 (cf. xlii. 177). F. andamanica, Kurz Andaman Rep. Append.
B,21. Scirpus ferrugineus, Linn. Sp. Pl. 74. S. arvensis, Retz Obs. iv.
ll (not of Roxb.). S. globulosus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 917 (not Fimbr.
globulosa, Kunth). S. tristachyus, Roxb. Le 221. S. tranquebariensis.
Roth. Catal. Bot. iii. 6 (see Boeck. in Flora, xlii. 36). Schcenus poly-
Zäite, Rottb. Descr. et Ic. 67.—Fimbristylis, Wall. Cat. 3506 (mainly),

,

Throughout IND1A, alt. 0-3000 ft., abundant near the sea. — DISTRIB. All warmer
regions,

Rhizome none or hardly any. Stems 8-30 iv., tufted, base slightly thickened,
often clothed by shining hard rusty scales. Leaves usually hardly any, sometimes

m., very narrow. Umbel usually of 5-10 spikelets, sometimes with 20 spikelets,

rarely with 1-3 spikelets; bracts shorter than umbel, often very short. Spikelets

I. Glumes obtuse scarcely mucronate, brown, tip incurved, keel green. Stamens
302; filaments ligulate; anthers not crested. Style longer than nut, flattened,
villous below bifurcation, Nut as long as AA glume, shortly stalked; outermost
cells small, in numerous longitudinal series.

Var, ? tenuissima, stems 16 in. very slender slightly flattened with 1-3 small
pale spikelets, glumes nearly glabrous, nut very smooth. CEYLON; Mrs. Marriot

Terb. Delessert).— Leaves 1-6 in. very slender. Bracts } in. Spikelets j in.,
elipsoid. GZumes with obscure round red glands. Nut as of F. ferruginea.—This
oks like a distinct species, but only known by one sheet of specimens.

23. F. compressa, Boeck. in Linnæa, xxxviii. 387 (not of Roem. &
Sch.) ; stems long base slender, leaves longish, umbel twice or thrice com-
Pound, spikelets cylindrical, glumes dusky-brown puberulous, style 2-fid,
D obovoid smooth dusky-brown. F. tenuifolia, Nees ms. F. gracilis,

“ott ms. Scirpus fuscus, Roxb, ms.

Maneras, Roxburgh, Wight. Mureut, Grifith, TENASSERIM, Helfer.

Stems 8-20 in., 3-5-angular under umbel, basal sheaths herbaceous. Leaves 8
12 Yery narrow, glabrous, sheaths often fimbriate hairy in mouth. Umbel often
z in. diam. with 25—40 spikelets; bracts frequently overtopping umbel. Spikelets
nearly a in. long, glumes very densely imbricate. Otherwise as F. ferruginea, to
Which it is specifically very near.

.24. F. longispica, Steud. Syn. Cyp. 118; nearly glabrous, stems
middle-sized, leaves long, umbel compound or decompound, spikelets
Yundric-lanceolate rusty green, style bifid, nut obovoid smooth, minutely
reticulate finally brownish. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 325. F. Buergueriand
, erruginea, Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. ii. 144. F. spadicea, var. 8
major, Boeck. in Linnæa, xxxvii. 20.

SINGAPORE ; Pahang, Ridley. —DisTRIB.—Malaya, China, Japan. (The Ameri-

+ Spadécea i e).
lo ves as long » Gei vim flat. Umbel 1-3 in. diam. ; branches suberect ;

West bract overtopping umbel. Spikelets } by yy in., terete, hard. Glumes ovate,
scarcely apiculate, erect, closely imbricate, horny, rusty brown with 3 green nerves
ve back, Style and stamens nearly as in F. diphylla. Nut as long as $ glume,
Mf Shortly stalked: outermost cells small, in about 20 series on each face,
he, nut slenderly obscurely 20-striate on each face, subtrabeculate between the
striations,

640 CLXXIL OYPERACEX. (C. B. Clarke.) ` [Fimbristylis.

25. P. rigidula, Nees in Wight Contrib. 99; rhizome horizontal
woody short, leaves longish, umbel once or twice compound, s ikelets
very obtuse solitary and paired, style 2-fid, nut obovoid smooth sch
straw-colrd. F. Hanceana, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvn. 394,—Fimbristylis,
Wall. Cat. 3519 (partly).

From KUMAON, alt. 0-6000 ft. to Bengal, C. B. Clarke. MUNEYPOOB, Watt,
Sman Hiris, Collett.—Distr1B. China, Philippines. . i

Stems 4-16 in., thickened at base, closely l-seriate on rhizome. Lent el ml?
as 4 culm, glabrous, or (with their sheaths) pubescent ; tip subobtuse. U: sani
in. diam., somewhat lax; bracts short, Spikelets 1} in., ellipsoid or subg ^ .
Nut nearly as of F. ferruginea, but paler, less glistening ; outermost cells e e
series on each face, i.e. nut minutely reticulate, faintly 20-30 striate longitu als
—Well-marked by the rhizome and paired subglobose spikelets. The F. ng e of
Herb. Berol. reduced to F. diphylla by Kunth and ` Boeckeler, i$ not the pla
Nees.

26. F. spathacea, Roth. Nov. Pl. Sp. 24; leaves short rigid, umbel
compound with solitary spikelets often contracted sometimes subcaprs e
glumes obtuse often notched, style 2-fid, nut obovoid smooth or wg
tubercled dusky. F. Wightiana, Nees in Wight Contrib. 99; Thw. ort
349. F. glomerata, Nees in Linnza, ix. 290; Boeck. in Linnea, XX 109.
47. F.rigida, Kunth Enum. ii. 231. F. ciliolata, Steud. Syn. Le
F. capitata, Zoll. Verz. Ind. Archip. ii. 61 (not of Br.). F. lon 422
Steud. l.c. 117. F. junciformis, Munro in Seem. Bot. Voy. Bowe
(not of Kunth). F. biumbellulata, Boeck. in Flora, xli. 604 (see 5 A
Scirpus glomeratus, Retz Obs. iv. 11 (not of Rowb.). S. strictus, 40%"
Ind. i. 226.—Cyperus, Wall, Cat. 3300 (partly). n. -

From SIND, and Orissa, to CEYLON and SINGAPORE.—DISTRIB. Ware y T

Stems 4-16 in., tufted, rigid. Leares as long as } stem (often a examples,
narrow, glabrous, margins incurved. Umbel 2 in. diam. in well-developed * in les
usually somewhat dense with solitary but closely approximated spikele virtually
developed examples the spikelets are nearly or quite clustered, sometime, soid, up
in a single head ; bracts short, broad. Spikelets 4—4 by de in., cylindric or e
to 60in an umbel. Glwmes ovate, concave, incurved, margins gcarious. long 25 i
usualy 2. Style somewhat shorter than nut, often glabrous. Nut as ext series
glume, biconvex, shortly stalked.—This plant offers a transition to the n e
(F. argentea, sericea, &c.) by the often clustered spikelets ; Boeckeler A it (00
to know this contracted form (which is not Nees’ type), and to have po, qno
account of such occasionally contracted heads) in the 3-stigma group ur
jwnciformis, &c. In F. spathacea, the style is never 3-fid.

Series B. Spikelets, or some of them, clustered. (See also F.
F. rigidula, and occasionally F. diphylla in series A, B.)

* Stems with only one head.

27. F. argentea, Vahl Enum. ii. 294; stems leafy at bases d, nat
linear-cylindric grey or whiteish, glumes scarcely acute, siye i
obovoid pale smooth or obscurely transversely wavy liner un. 988;
Wight Contrib. 100; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 987; Thw. FT 51, t.
Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 8. Scirpus argenteus, Rottb. Descr. p c, 50, t
17, fig. 6; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 223. S. monander, Rottb. Deser. ^r Mal.
14, fig, 3 (not of Rozb).—Isolepis, Wall. Cat. 3483.— Rheede

M witius, $%
From Bencar and Ozwrmar Inpia to Ceyron.—Disreis. Ma

Boeckeler.

spat hace

Finbristylis.] CLXXIL CYPERACEX. (C. B. Clarke.) 641

Stems annual, tufted, trigonous, 4-8 in. (or in Duthie n. 9860, stem 0, spikelets
basal). Leaves usually shorter than stem, narrow, glabrous. Spikelets 4—20 in the
head, 2 by A in., densely-fld.; bracts 2-4, much overtopping head. Glumes ovate,
silver-grey, keel green. Stamen often 1. Style small, shorter than nut, nearly
glabrous, deciduous with its base. Nut very small, about à as long as glume,

biconvex, almost margined ; outer cells obscure.

8. F. albicans, Nees in Wight Contrib. 100; stems leafy at base,
spikelets ellipsoid rusty grey, glumes scarcely acute, style 2-fid, nut
ovoid straw-colrd. smooth transversely minutely trabeculate. Boeck. in

mnæa, xxxvii. 9.—Isolepis, Wall. Cat. 3482.

DECCAN PENINSULA; Wight, Wallich.

Nearly glabrous. Stems 8-14 in., slender. Leaves narrowly ligulate, tip sud-
denly narrowed acute. Spikelets 4-15 in the head, 4 by à in. Stamens often 2.
Style longer than nut, slender, glabrous, with long linear branches. Nut small,

ning; outermost cells conspicuous, transversely oblong, not accurately superim-
posed in vertical series (so that the nut is scarcely striated longitudinally).—Other-
wise as F, argentea,

** Clusters of spikelets subumbellately corymbed.

29. F. Hookeriana, Boeck. in Linnza, xxxvii. 22; nearly glabrous,
spikelets clustered and solitary linear-lanceolate, style 2-fid, nut obovoid
Yellow-brown squamose-tuberculate.

Kuasta Hits, alt. 1500-4000 ft. Cora NAGPonz ; alt. 2000 ft. Clarke.
Annual, Stems 4-10 in., tufted, compressed. Leaves often as long as stem,
doe, flat. Umbel often 4-6 in. diam.; branches oblique-erect ; bracts like the
“ves, often overtopping umbel. Spikelets 1-6 in a cluster, A by jy—js in.,
Glumes rather remote, oblong, shortly acute, adpressed incurved, rusty-
Eeen, keeled, brown-scarions on sides. Stamens usually 2. Style longer than nut,
ech flattened, slightly dilated at base, villous nearly its whole length, deciduous
ith style-base, Nut as long as 3-4 glume, biconvex, obtuse, very shortly stalked ;
cells transversely-oblong, regularly superimposed in 12-15 vertical series in
“ch face (i.e. nut slenderly longitudinally 12-15-ribbed); shoulders of nut

berculate by small scales or papillze.

ben F. sericea, Br. Prod. 228; leaves numerous, white silky strigose
; eath, spikelets ellipsoid-oblong silvery grey, style 2-fid, nut obovoid
pooth pale. Boeck. in Linnæa, xxxvii. 22. F. decora, Nees & Meyen in
ght Contrib. 101. F. dasyphylla, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 327. F. velu-
Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xxvi. 87.
Dr ESSA Poori, W. S. Atkinson; Ganjam, Lawson. SINGAPORE, Ridley.—
Re E. Asia, Malaya, Australia. . -mes divided
les 1z0me descending or horizontal, woody, up to 3 in. long, sometimes divided,
be? Covered by leaves. Stems 4-8 in., rigid, striate. Leaves as long as 1-3
» rigid, curved, AA in. broad. Umbel 3-3 in. in diam., simple or compound ;
Gham 3-3 in. Spikelets 2-6 in a cluster, 4 by 4-j.in., somewhat densely “flowered.
Mee: erect adpressed, ovate, keeled, scarcely acute, striate, dusky purp e-green,
Int, ent by minute white hairs, margins scarious white. Style about as ong as
N slightly villous below bifurcation, deciduous with style-base. Wut as long as
Sume, biconvex, scarcely stalked.

Sect, IIT. Tg ; i Fam. Cyp.40. Lowest
3. ^ ALL IRICH Genus), Lestib. Essai Fam. Cyp
tile glumes of spikelet spirally Greg stems with many or several
Vier few or 1) spikelets. Style 3-fid (in F. cymosa and F. globulosa, the
vo, Bowers in a spike have often 3-fid style, the upper a 2-fid ty le).
. VI.

642 CLXXI CYPERACEZ, (C. B. Clarke.) (Fimbristylis.
Series C. Spikelets all (or nearly all) solitary.

* Stem with few (sometimes 3-1) spikelets.

31. F. tenera, Roem. & Sch. Syst. ii, Mant. 57; stems 8-12 in.
slender, umbel lax subcompound, spikelets ellipsoid ultimately cylindric-
lanceolate, glumes ovate acuminate submucronate glandular-puberulous,
style 8-fid, nut obovoid white smooth or subtuberculate coarsely ter
Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 26. F. muriculata, Benth. in Hook. Niger.
554. Scirpus tenellus, Roch, Fl. Ind. i. 224. Trichelostylis tenella, Ses
in Wight Contrib. 103.

DECCAN PENINSULA, Wight.—DiIsTRIB. Trop. Africa. 1 hickened.

Roots fibrous. Stems tufted, 4-5-angular under umbel, base sometimes thic dim
Leaves as long as & stem, 3-75 in. broad, flat, glabrous. Umbel 1-2 in. be mai
with 7-9 spikelets ; bracts 2-3, bristle-like, up to 1 in. long. Spikelets 4 bY 15,"
about 10-fld. Glumes adpressed, boat-shaped, chestnut-red, margins ET teg,
mens often 2. Style longer than nut, glabrous, deciduous with pyramidal style-
ba nas long as 2 glume, round-trigonous.—Described from. Nees’ type 3

ight.
cose

Var. owylepis, (ep) Steud. Syn. Cyp. 110; glumes glabrate, nut ver ,
yellow-brown. F. ER Steud. ie. ui^ Fimbristylis, Wal. Cat. 3514 B, :
partly, 3531.—From Lahore and Bengal to Madras. (me

Var. ? obtusata ; leaves numerous A, in. broad obtuse, glumes glabrate Be ;
cronate, nut verrucose yellow-brown (spikelets sometimes clustered).— Lower
Wallich, Kurz. Singapore, Ridiey.— Borneo.

n.
32. F. monticola, Steud. Syn. Cyp. 111; glabrous, Co weg
slender, umbel lax simple or hardly compound, spikelets oblong: tuberclel
lumes ovate acute, style 3-fid, nut broadly obovoid brown slightly tu
. tenuifolia, Thw. Enum, 434—Fimbristylis, Wall. Cat. 39M Hohe-
LS,

Borg MADRAS and CEYLON; Cannanore, Campbell. Nizearer Dm
nacker, ANAMALLAYS, Beddome. ‘n, in diam., with
Leaves bristle-like, margins (when dry) incurved. Umbel 1 in. lume, acute
4-8 spikelets ; rays ultimately recurved deflexed. Nut as long as La B a] aeri

` k ical serie.
trigonous; outermost cells transversely oblong, in 12-15 irregular vertical

Otherwise as F, tenera.

jeaves
33. F. merguensis, C. B. Clarke; stems 1 ft. rather ipu le
several short, umbel once compound, spikelets largeish lano var. Boock.
3-fid, nut small obovoid straw-colrd. smooth. F. Thwaitesil,
ms. Trichelostylis sp., n. 21, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. & T. T. putri
Deg PENINSULA; Mergui, Griffith; Tenasserim, Helfer (Ee
Glabrous. Roots fibrous. Stems tufted, obscurely 3-4-angu lar in di
Leaves as long as 3-4 stem, narrow, flat, tip obtuse. Umbel 3.7. WI
12 spikelets; bracts scarcely } in. Spikelets nearly à by & me ‘nate. Si
rusty-brown. Glumes erect adpressed, rigid, ovate, shortly acum’ v tie
3-2. Style long, white, glabrous, deciduous with the narrowly pyram"
Nut as long as } glume, trigonous, minutely mucronate. storos,
ji, 145; stolonifer

34. F. Pierotii, Mig. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. m ,
glabrous, stems 1 ft. "somewhat slender, umbel simple or ope ege?
style 3-fid, nut obovoid straw-colrd. laxly reticulate smoot n. , Hit
tubercled. Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 39. Trichelostylis 8P^

Ind. Or. H. f. & T. T. (partly).

Fimbristylis.| ^ cuxxi. ceERAcEE. (C. B. Clarke.) . 643

N.W. HiMALAYA, alt, 4-9000 ft. SrMLA, T. Thomson, Gamble, KUMAON,
Duthie,—DisTRIB. Japan.
. Stolons up to 2 in., densely clothed by lanceolate striate scales, finally hardening
mto a woody rhizome. Leaves as long as À stem, flat, acute. OUmbel 1-3 in. in
diam., with 5-14 spikelets ; bracts short. Spikelets 4 by 1 in., ellipsoid-lanceolate,
10-fid. Glumes adpressed, boat-shaped, ovate, shortly acuminate, chestnut or testa-
ceous, usually with round glands in upper half, margins scarious. Style long,
Lem, deciduous with narrow style-base. Wut as long as 4-2 glume, tip sub-
pyramidal.

** Stem with many spikelets (at least in fairly developed examples).
+ Nut slenderly trabeculate (outermost cells transversely oblong).

35. F. Arnottiana, Boeck. in Linnza, xxxvii. 28; stems a foot (at
least), umbel decompound, spikelets cuboid-ellipsoid one-colrd., glumes
ovate obtuse brown hardly keeled, style 3-fid, nut obovoid yellow-brown
transversely lineate obscurely tuberculated.

. Deccan PENINSULA ; Cannanore, Campbell (Herb. Wight propr., n. 1884,
right-hand plant only). . .
tems somewhat slender, 4-5-angular under umbel. Umbel 3-4 in. diam.,
glabrous, with 30 spikelets; bracts 3-4, up to 2 in. long, very narrow. Spikelets
y à in., obtuse, 10-fld., styles conspicuously protruded. Glumes concave, ad-
pressed incurved, scarcely striate. Stamens 2-3; anthers linear-oblong, scarcely
apiculate. Style as long as nut, slender, glabrous, deciduous with the narrow style-
` Nut small, as long as 43-2 glume.—Founded on some upper portions of stems
Without leaves, pasted down (in Herb. Wight) with F. quinquangularis, to which it
ig closely allied,

36. F. filifolia, Boeck. in Iinnæa, xxxvii. 32; stems 2 ft. quadran-
ar, leaves long narrow convolute or 0, umbel decompound and supra-
“compound, spikelets ellipsoid acute, style 3-fid, nut obovoid straw-yellow
Tooth obscurely transversely lineolate.—Trichelostylis sp., n. 14, Herb.
^d. Or. H, SI & T.
SIKKIM Tznar; Dulkajhar, alt. 500 ft., C. B. Clarke. Kuasia HILLS; Churra,
alt. 4200 ft., J. D. H., &e. ' ,
labrous, Leaves sometimes as long nearly as stem, often shorter, sometimes 0.
mbel 4-12 in. in diam., with many (sometimes 250) solitary spikelets ; bracts
2 in, Spikelets 1 by } in., brown. Glumes ovate, obtuse, with 3 green nerves.
Style as long as nut, slender, slightly villous below trifurcation, deciduous with the
narrow pyramidal style-base ; branches long linear. Nut as long as $ glume, round
Eonous ; outermost cells in about 12 longitudinal series on each face.—Resembles
line examples of F. diphylla, but differs not only in the 3-fid style, but in the long
ear style-branches,

37. F. as e oeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 40; stems 1}-2} ft.,
leaves long, Paba decompound with numerous spikelets, bracts acute
n longer than umbel, style 3-fid, nut ellipsoid brown smooth trans-
versely trabeculate smooth or slightly tuberculate. F. cheetorrhiza, Thw.
Enum. 349 ( partly, not of Kunth). Isolepis dura, Moritzi, Verz. Zoll. PL
. Trichelostylis asperrima, Nees ms.—Fimbristylis, Wall. Cat. 3502 B
(Partly), 3525 (mized).
Czvrow, Thwaites, &, From Tavox, Wallich, to SINGAPORE, Ridley, frequent.
"Dees, Malaya.
tems either 5-angular or flattened under umbel. Leaves several, often as long

T + Umbel large, sometimes with 150 solitary spikelets. Spikelets, style, and
Tt 2

644 OLXXII, CYPERACEE. (C. B. Clarke.) [Fimbristylis,

nut much as in F. complanata (but nut more trabeculate).—Much resembles larger
forms of F. complanata, Link, but differs by the long bracts. The Khasia plants
referred here by Boeckeler were perhaps F. Thomsonit, Boeck.

38. F. quinquangularis, Kunth Enum. ii. 229; stems 8-24 in,
leafy at base or leafless, umbel decompound or supradecompound, spikelets
small ellipsoid-lanceolate 6-14-fid., style 3-fid, nut obovoid transversely
lineolate pale or brownish more or less tuberculate. Thw. Enum, 349;
Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 287; Boeck. in Linnwa, xxxvii. 42 (excl. F. Sal-
bundia) F. Salbundia, Boeck. in Linneea, xxxvii. 44 (mostly, not of Kunth).
F. angularis, Steud. Syn. Cyp. 116. F. Boeckeleri, Steud. l. c. 113 (partly,
see Boeck. in Flora, xlii. 69). F. tenera, Boeck. l.c. 111 (not of Roem. &
Sch.. Scirpus quinquangularis, Vahl Enum. ii. 279; Boch, Fl. Ind. i
229. S. miliaceus, Linn. Herb. (? Sp. Pl.i.78). S. pentagonus, Bol,
218. S. Salbundius (Satbundius), Ham. ms. (not A Salbundia, Kunth).
Trichelostylis quinquangularis, Nees in Wight Contrib. 104. Isolepis an-
gularis and I. ? pentagona, Roem. & Sch. Syst. ii., Mant. 69.—F imbristyis,
Wall. Cat. 3499, 3512 (mainly).

Throughout INDIA, alt. 0—4000 ft., CEYLON, and MALAY PENINSULA.—DISTBIB.
Malaya, China, Austral. Mauritius introd. ? ith

Glabrous, annual, very variable in size. Stems usually flattened at base Wi
subdistichous sheaths, often 4-5-angular under umbel. Leaves often as long te
stem, very variable in development. Umbel often 4-8 in. in diam. with - ils
lets, sometimes small with 15-5 (larger than usual); bracts 4-13 in. ran F
i-i in. long, more acute than in F. miliacea, subterete (not polygonal as Mi
Salbundia, Kunth). Glumes ovate, subacute, 3-nerved. Style longer than n
slender, slightly villous below trifurcation, deciduous with the narrow Deeg
style-base, branches long. Nut small, as long as 3 glume.—Hardly separable
F. miliacea (see Arnott in Wight Contrib. 105).

Var. crassa ; more robust, rhizome woody, stems stouter often 2-3 ft. ey.
nearly so, spikelets rather larger broadly ellipsoid. F. apbylla, Steud. ek
114.' F. globulosa, var. 8 aphylla, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 822.—Ceylon,

(n. 823, partly), &c. Nilghiri, alt. 5—8000 ft., plentiful.—Java, Tonkin.

39. F. miliacea, Vahl Enum. ii. 287; stems 8-94 in., leafy at ite
or (rarely) leafless, umbel decompound or supradecompoun ‘| pr
lets small globose (or ultimately cylindric) obtuse many-HO« geg h
nut obovoid transversely lineolate pale or brownish more or less i
late. Thw. Enum. 348; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 287; Mig. Fl OM Voy.
ii. 321; Boeck. in Linnæa, xxxvii. 43. F. littoralis, Gaud. m Frey e 1
Bot. 413. F. benghalensis, Roem. & Sch. Syst. ii. 94, and Mont. cidula,
flaccida, Steud. Syn. Cyp. 113; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 921. F. flac
Zoll. Syst. Verz. Ind. Archip. ii. 61. Scirpus miliaceus, Burm. Fl. aw
t. 9, fig. 2; Rottb. Descr. et Ic. 57, t. 5, fig. 2 (not of Rowb.). . Pa ymi
Poir. Encyc. vi. 767; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 228. S. benghalensis, Z erni
68. Isolepis ? tetragona, Roem. & Sch. Syst. Mant. ii. 69., ` Lem
Presl. Rel. Haenk.i. 188 (excl. var. 8). ‘Trichelostylis miae y gg,
gona, Nees in Wight Contrib. 103, 104.—Fimbristylis, Wall. et

Throughout INDIA, alt. 0-6000 ft., abundant.—DISTRIB. All warm reg o Cata
Hardly separable from F, quinquangularis, but by the obtuser, s
cells (transverse) of nut translucent, appearing themselves longitudinally

TT Nut smooth verrucose or tubercular, not trabeculate.

eath
40. F. globulosa, Kunth Enum. ii. 231; stems 8-16 1n. top b

Fimbristylis.] CLXXI, OYPERACE&. (C. B. Clarke.) 645

leafless, Spikelets cuboid-ellipsoid obtuse, glumes obtuse, style 3-fid (see
var. 8), nut obovoid verrucose pale brown. Thw. Enum. 949; Boeck. in
Linnea, xxxvii. 45. F. umbellaris, Vahl Enum. ii. 291. F. efoliata, Steud.
Syn. Cyp. 109. Scirpus umbellaris, Lam. Ill. i. 141. S. globulosus, Retz
Obs, vi. 19. Isolepis globulosa, Roem. & Sch. Syst. ii. 119. Trichelostylis
fibulosa, Nees in Wight Contrib. 105.—Fimbristylis, Wall. Cat. 3518,

CEYLON, Thwaites. From Nepal, Wallich, Assam, Griffith, and Saan HILLS,
Collett, to PENANG, Wallich.—Di1sTRIB. Malaya, Tonkin, Polynes.

Glabrous. Rhizome none or scarcely any. Stems tufted, 4-5-angular under
umbel. Lower sheaths bearing long leaves or leafless. Umbel sometimes 2 in.
Zen, with 20 spikelets; often smaller, sometimes with 2-1 spikelets; bracts rarely
lin Spikelets 4 by à in. dense-fld., dusky-brown. Glumes concave, incurved,
S-nerved, Stamens often 2. Style as long as nut, deciduous with the narrowly
Pyramidal style-base; branches linear. Nut as long as 2 glume, round trigonous ;
outermost cells lax (i. e. nut somewhat verrucose), shortly transversely oblong, super-
imposed in 12-15 vertical series in each face (i.e. nut slenderly longitudinally striate).
Spikelets sometimes barren at top, elongate-cylindric.

Var, Torresiana (sp.), Gaud. in Freyc. Voy. Bot. 413; style 2-fid, nut biconvex.

m, Masters. Bengal, J.D.H.—Marianne Islands.—No 3-fid styles could be
found ; the examples have the uppermost sheath leafless as in typical F. globulosa.

Var, Vicaryi; lower sheaths with long leaves, uppermost sheath with a green
leaf in. long, central sessile spikelet usually deticient. Trichelostylis sp.,
n, 16, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. d T.—Banks of the Chenab, Thomson; Dehra Doon,
Vicary,

4l. F. insignis, Thw. Enum. 349 ; stems 12-16 in. robust base leafy,
umbel compound with about 10 large lanceolate spikelets, style 3-fid, nut
‘mall obovoid smooth white laxly reticulated. Hance in Journ. Linn Soe.
mill. 132 (excl. syn. Trichelostylis, n. 20). F. Thwaitesii, Boeck. in Linnea,
Oba) 34. F.amblyphylla, Steud. Syn. (Gan, 116 (the plant described in

CEYLON, Thwaites.—DistRIB. Borneo, China.

Glabrous. Rhizome short, descending. Stems obscurely 4-5-angular under
Teel. Leaves several, as long as 4 stem, narrowish, flat, tip suddenly narrowed.
ai 13-31 in, in diam., sometimes simple with 4-5 spikelets; bracts 2-3, less

n $ in. long, Spikelets 3-3 by 4 in., hard, acute. Glumes t in., boat-shaped,

* submucronate, brown-chestnut. Stamens 3. Style long, villous, white,
l ly deciduous with the narrowly pyramidal style-base. Nut as long as 1—4
sume, triquetrous with concave faces, obtuse almost emarginate.

i. F. pentaptera, Kunth Enum. ii. 229; stems 16-36 in. leafless
airy acutely 5-angular under umbel, umbel decompound, bracts small,
"y le 3-fid, nut obovoid shining brown smooth minutely reticulate. Boeck.
m Linea, xxxvii. 30. F. Salbundia, Tw. Enum. 349 (not of Kunth). S.
dunquangularis, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 42 (as to Thw. C.P. 823). Tri-

“helostylis pentaptera, Nees in Wight Contrib. 105.

in d, up to 6000 ft., Gardner, Thwaites. Deccan Peninsula, Wight (n. 2904,

: Caleutt.).

Rhizome s i . Stems somewhat thickened at base; sheaths
lard, El Kei E diam., with sometimes 40-85 spikelets.
d'Mo + by A in., chestnut-colrd. Glumes adpressed, ovate, scarcely acute.

mens often 2, Style long, glabrous, deciduous with the narrowly pyramidal style-

* Nut ag long as } glume.—Easily recognized by the hairy stem.

646 OLXXIL OYPERAOEA, (C. B. Clarke.) [Fimbristylis.

. : . -94 in.
43. F. complanata, Link Hort. Berol. i 292; stems 8-2
flattened under umbel, leaves almost premorse, style 3-fid, nut mine
obovoid pale more or less tuberculate. hw. Enum. 949. F. ani Sr
var, Roth. Nov. Pl. Sp. 26; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvu. 398. F. Scirpus
Kunth Enum. ii, 245. F. Boeckeleri, Steud. Syn. Cyp. 113, partly. Scirpus
complanatus, Retz Obs. v.14; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 228. S. anceps, i te
Berl. Mag. ii. 288, t. 8, fig. 2; Bech, Le 230. Cyperus compianto
Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 270. Isolepis complanata & Willdenown, Home. Wight
Syst. ii. 119, 120. Trichelostylis complanata & T. scabra, Nees `
Contrib. 103.—Fimbristylis, Wall. Cat. 3502 A, 3510, 3525 (partiy).

Throughout INDIA in the warm region.—DisTR1s. All warm regions. often

Glabrous, Rhizome hardly any, sometimes very short horizontal. Le UU
4-8 by iin. Umbel often 4 in. in diam., compound and mër similar to
times with 180 spikelets; bracts 2, shorter than umbel (often Suberee Style longer
leaves, almost premorse. Spikelets } by Ae in. Stamens usually f glume; outer-
than nut, glabrous; branches linear, long. Nut about 3 length o Z t scarcely
most cells short oblong transverse, in vertical series but obscure (i. e.
striate).

: . slender

Var. microcarpa (sp. F. Muell. Fragm. Phyt. Austral. i. 200: Y ste (i.e.
hardly flattened under umbel, spikelets more slender, nut very Ep iral. vii. 316.
outermost cells withering and partly peeling off). Benth. Fl. Austra’ Y
F. tenera, Boeck. in, Flora, Iviii. [1875] 111 (excl. var, mof of Room "288.
Kumaon, alt. 8000 ft., Strachey & Winterbottom, n. 2; Sikkim, alt. ?
Bombay, Dalzell_—Eastern Asia, Australia. ta, Link, and F.

This species admitted by Bentham, comes between F. complanata, i
autumnalis, Roem. & Sch., species which Boeckeler unites. arely fat-

Var. Kraussiana, (sp.) Hochst. in Flora, xxviii. 757; stems slender ono spikelets.
tened under umbel, umbel more compact less compound often with "Afric.
F. connectens, Thaw. Enum. 349.— Ceylon, Thwaites.—China, Malaya,

bpatent
Var. fenestrata; spikelets larger rusty-brown, glumes large SC We e
obtuse sbining, nut white fenestrate by the strongly reticulate persis ee Stems
cells.—Deccan Peninsula; Palimcottah, Wight (n. 2899).—Roots fi bron "iin. ,
16 in., tufted, conspicuously flattened at top. Leaves as long as $ Stem, $ 2 by

> ikelets $
tip subobtuse. Umbel and bracts nearly as in F, complanata, typ- Spike
š in., many-fld.

44. F. Thomsonii, Boeck. in Linnæa, xxxvii. 37; stem spi
leaves flat tip obtuse, umbel compound and supradecompou* errucose OF
ellipsoid acute, style 3-fid, nut oblong-obovoid straw-colr t nata th.
subtuberculate obscurely transversely lineolate. F. comp an ,

Fl. Hongk. 393,—Trichelostylis, sp. n. Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. 4 T Nagpore H

N.E. Inpia, alt. 500-4000 ft., from SIKKIM, ASSAM and Chota
ManTABAN and Suan HILLS, common.—DIsTRIB. Tonquin, Chins. or sometimes

Glabrous. Roots fibrous. Stems upwards obscurely 4-angular, Cmbel 2- V»
subcompressed. Leaves sometimes short 2-4 in., sometimes a foot. el, 2
diam., with sometimes 80 spikelets; bracts 4-5, usually shorter than R e form of E
lets $ by bin. Nut as long as 2 glume.— This species is near the lets and largë
complanata, Link, from which it mainly differs by the thicker sp!
nut (is probably often passed for F. diphylla, Vahl).

ess >
45. F. Salbundia, Kunth Enum. ii. 230; stems 13-3 i Jor glum
angular, umbel decompound with 120 ovoid testaceous SP! Sg smooth 0f
keeled rather lax, style 3-fid, nut obovoid yellow-brown Ser ht Contrib.
slightly tuberculate. Trichelostylis Salbundia, Nees in WY

Fimbristylis.] CLXXIL CYPERACER. (C. B. Clarke.) 647

105 (at least in part) not Scirp. Salbundius, Ham. in Wail. Cat. n. 3499
A, nor F. Salbundia, Boeck.).—Fimbristylis, Wall. Cat. 3499 C. in
Herb. Berlin (not in Herb. Linn. Soc.) 2526, 3527 (in Herb. DC. not in
Linn. Soc.).

, ŠSILHET; Wallich. KmastA Hiis, Grifith. AMHERST; Wallich n. 3527
(in Herb. DC.).—DIsTRIB. Australia.

Glabrous. Rhizome very short, obliquely descending. Stems tufted, acutely
angular. Umbel 2—4 in. diam. ; bracts scarcely an inch, bristle-like. Spikelets is
in, angular, about 10-fld. Glumes ovate obtuse, margins broadly scarious.— Has

D greatly confused with the leafless form of F. quinquangularis, from which it is
aly known by the testaceous spikelets, polygonal by reason of the acutely keeled
glumes,

Series D. Spikelets clustered (some solitary often added).

46. F. leptoclada, Benth. Fl. Hongk. 393 (not Fl. Austral); stems
l foot slender, leaves long narrow, spikelets small in 1-3 small clusters
dark brown, glumes very obtuse tip ciliate, style 3-fid, nut obovoid yellow-
TOwn verrucose. F. retusa, Thw. Enum. 349; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii.

; Hance in Lond. Journ. Bot. xvi. 112.

CEYLON; Thwaites. MALACCA ; Griffith.—DrsrRIB. Borneo, China. `

Annual, glabrous., Leaves as long as à stem (or all stem) 3-75 in. broad.
Umbel 4-1 in., often congested into a head ; bracts hardly Ä in. Spikelets usually

»$in., ellipsoid, obtuse. Stamen often 1. Style as long as nut, glabrous, deci-
duous with the shortly pyramidal style-base; branches linear. Nut as long as $
glume, round trigonous.

47. F. paupercula; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 396; stems 1 ft.
slender, clusters of spikelets in a simple umbel, style 3-fid, nut obovoid
with many longitudinal striations finally black.

DECCAN PENINSULA ; Pulney Mts.; Wight (n. 2896).
early glabrous. Rhizome short, obliquely descending. Stem under ampel
angular, minutely scabrous pilose. Leaves as long as $ stem, narrow.. Umbe
mys 4-5, 1 in. long; bracts hardly iin. Spikelets 2-7 to a cluster, l in. long,
ellipsoid, brown, about 6-fld. Glumes ovate, keel slightly excurrent as a mucro,
glandular upwards, sometimes puberulous. Nut as long as j glume, triquetrous,
*pex obtuse; outer cells shortly transversely elliptic, regularly arranged in about

Vertical series on each face.—This is in Herb. Calcutt., Paris, and Berlin ; but
xot in Mus. Brit. or Kew.

48. F. junciformis, Kunth Enum. ii. 239; stems 4-16 in., leaves
Several rigid, umbel compound and decompound, spikelets clustered, style
; ut obovoid nearly smooth or verrucose straw-colrd. or pale brown.
eck, in Linnea, xxxvii 49. F. Hænkei, Dietr. Sp. Pl. ii. 161. F.
chetorthiza, Kunth lc. 240; Strachey Cat. Pl. ii. 73. F. falcata, Kunth
l.c. 939. Scirpus falcatus, Vahl Enum. ii. 275. Isolepis falcata, Roem.
Sch. Syst. ii. 118. Trichelostylis junciformis and cheetorrhiza, Nees in
Wight Contrib. 106,—Fimbristylis, Wall. Cat. 3519 (partly), 3520.
py broughout INDIA, alt. 1500-5000 ft., from Kasam and Assam to MADRAS and
S —-Di ilippines.
Tous. M e VeCH or sometimes 2 in. long horizontal. Stems
tufted, rigid, upwards 4-5-angular or obscurely flattened. Leaves usually short bu
‘ometimes ag long as 3-3 stem, 44-1 in. broad, flat, margins incurved, tip obtuse.
Undel 1-4 in. diam., with 20-30 clusters, often much smaller with 3-5 clusters ;
bracts » Short, rarely lin. Spikelets 2-5 toa cluster, with none or few solitary

648 CLXXI. OYPERACEE, (C. B. Clarke.) ` [Fimbristylis.

spikelets in the typical form, but examples with many solitary few clustered spike-
lets occur, j-i in., brown or chestnut-colrd., many-fld. Glumes ovate, rw,
margins conspicuously scarious, Stamens 3. Style longer than nut, "eo e
slightly villous below trifurcation, deciduous with the small pyramidal style- e
branches long. Nut as long as 4 glume, not (or obscurely) striate.—F. Warem
Dietr. is the older (but less certain) name for this species. The Californian ba?!
given by Boeckeler is probably erroneous,

. : : : i t mostly
Var. abbreviata (sp.) Boeck. in Flora, xli. 601 ; spikelets some paired bu
solitary. F. chetorrhiza, Thw. Enum. 349 (partly).—Ceylon ; Thwaites, Gardner.
Deccan Peninsula; Wallich n. 3620 A. (partly). Anamallay Mts. ; Beddome.

Var, latifolia (sp.) Kunth Z. c. 239; leaves 4-2 by 2 in. flat curved and seen
spikelets rather many (rarely all) solitary. F. falcata, Boeck. in prc "tfoli
48. F.torta, Kunth l.c. 24; Boeck.1.c. 81. Trichelostylis torta and T. Dum
Nees im Wight Contrib. 105, 106.—Fimbristylis, Wall. Cat. $498—

Peninsula; Wight, Wallich. Ceylon; Walker.

49. F. nigrobrunnea, Thw. Enum. 494; stems 8-20 in. baie
several stout obtuse, umbel simple compound or decom pound, sp lower
some clustered (rarely all solitary), glumes shining hard dark-brown "" n
few-ranked or obscurely distichous, style 3-fid, nut obovoid y ellow- SECH
verrucose or nearly smooth. F. subtetrastachya, Boeck. in Lm s
50. F. pyenostachya, Hance in Journ. Bot. xv. 998. Ab lis
Eragrostis, Boeck. l.c. 55 (partly, not of Nees & Meyen) En y
Wall. Cat. 3523.—Trichelostylis sp. n. 20, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & ^

D

KnasiA Hinrs, alt. 3-5000 ft. MuwExPooR; alt. 3500 ft., Watt. Regus
PENINSULA; Courtallum, Wight. NicoBARS. CEYLON, Thwaites, &c——

Cambodia. in, broad.

Glabrous. Rhizome hardly any. Leaves as long as j-$ stem, by Lbs 2-10

Umbel 3-6 in. diam. ; bracts about i in.; spikelets in the common Khasia es muc
to a cluster, in the Ceylon form solitary. Spikelets } by } in. Or SC Style
smaller, Glumes ovate, acute, keeled, adpressed. Stamens generally m" —This
as long as nut, slightly villous below trifurcation. Nut as long as $ glume.
species might perhaps be arranged in Sect. Abildgaardia.

: der,

50. F- uliginosa, Steud. Syn. Cyp. 109; stems 4-8 m, E

leaves almost bristle-like, spikelets clustered black-chestnut, gets Dy
an obovoid smooth pale slightly narrowed at top. Boeck. w Lanne

Rene HILLs ; alt. 6-7000 ft., Perrottet, &c. m
Leaves as long as 4-4 stem, Ae in. broad. Umbel simple or © o
to a single cluster sometimes to a single spikelet.—Otherwise as F. mgr

Thw., of which this may be a small mountain state.

en reducel
-brunnedy

. s stle-like
51. F. digitata, Boeck. in Flora, lxi. 35; stems 2-5 1n. brist stylo

base bulbous, spikelets 3-8 straw-colrd. in a subterminal bend, th. &
3-fid, nut obovoid smooth straw-colrd. or finally brownish. xxxvi
Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 1050. Scirpus Lawianus, Boeck. tn Jm

479. Trichelostylis digitata, H. f. & T. ms.

BOMBAY ; Dalzell. Canara; La ng ; Belekerri, Talbot. that

Glabrous. Leaves as long A "Sem, bestie dike, Bracts 2-1, piu
head. Spikelets 3-4 by 44-3 in., 6-18-fld. Glwmes ovate-oblong, roman
keeled, chaffy, nearly 1-colrd, Siyle nearly as long as nut, KIT me, sessile,
with small pyramidal style-base, branches linear. Wut as long as 387^
round-trigonous, obtuse at top.

Fimbristylis.] CLXXII, OYPERACEX. (C. B. Clarke.) 649

Sect. IV. Apitpcaarpia (Genus) Vah] Enum. ii. 296, Lower glumes
of spikelet distichous or nearly so, upper fertile glumes spirally placed.
(See also F. nigrobrunnea, sp. n. 49 above.) Spikelets not clustered.

* Spikelets pale, nut large triquetrous base much narrowed.

,92. F. monostachya, Hassk. Pl. Jav. Rar. 61; stems leafy at base
with 1 (rarely 2-3) spikelet, nut-bearing glumes 2-3-stichous shortly
mucronate, style 3-fid, nut somewhat large obovoid more or less tuberculate
straw-colrd. or pale-brown. Benth. Fl. Austral. vii. 308. Cyperus mono-
stachyus, Linn. Mant. 180; Rottb. Descr. et Ic. 18, t. 13, fig. 3. C. indicus,
Pers, Syn. i. 65. Scirpus schosnoides, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 221. Abildgaardia
monostachya, Vahl Enum. ii. 296; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 286; Thw.

num. 347; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 59. A. levigata, Link Jahrb. iii.
81. A. Rottboelliana, Nees in Wight Contrib. 95. A. compressa, Presl.
Hel Hænk. i. 179. A. indica, Nees in Linnea, ix. 289.— Àbildgaardia,
Wall. Cat, 3491.

Throughout warmer IND1A.— DISTRIB. All warm regions.

Glabrous. Rhizome 0, or very short. Stems 2-16 in., tufted, slender, angular.
Caves as long as 4 stem, narrow. Spikelet quasi-terminal (bract hardly any) à by
Jn. or in some of Wallich’s collections nearly twice these dimensions, compressed

with glumes distichous), or often twisted. Glumes ovate, acute, keel green, sides

straw-colrd. or yellow. Stamens 3; anthers linear-oblong not crested. Style long,

villous nearly to the base, deciduous with pyramidal style-base; branches rather
ort. Nut as long as j-1 glume, base much contracted.

53. F. tristachya; Thw. Enum. 434 (not of Br. or Nees); stem stout
katy at base with 2-5 (rarely 1) large spikelets, nut-bearing glumes 2-3-
stichous shortly mucronate, style 3-fid, nut large obovoid tuberculate
ultimately brown-black. Cyperus triflorus, Lina. Mant. 62. Schoenus
cyperoides, Retz Obs. iv. 8. ` Abildgaardia tristachya, Vahl Enum. ii. 297 ;

ees in Wight Contrib. 95; Thw. l.c. 347; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 54.
och Onostachya, var. Hassk. Pl. Jav. Rar. 61.—Isolepis?, Wall. Cat.

e Drccaw PENINSULA, frequent; Wight, Ze, CEYLON; Thwaites.—DISTRIB.
armer Africa, . .
tems 1-23 ft. Leaves as long as j stem, rigid. Spikelets 1 in., compressed,
often twisted. This species is altogether larger than the common forms of F. mono-
Pachya : from the large form of F. monostachya it does not differ much except by
its dark nut,

** Spikelets brown, nut small base not much narrowed.

54. F. fus enth. im Gen. PL iii. 1048; leaves several short
flat, nmbel often compound, bracts short, glumes few-ranked boat-
shaped acute brown puberulous, style 3-fid, nut obovoid pale smooth
slig tly verrucose. F. cinnamometorum, Hance in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii.
132 (not Kunth). F. Kampheeveneri, Boeck. in Engler Bot. Jahrb. v. 505.
7880nia pauciflora, Brongn. in Bot. Duperr. Voy. 171, t. 34, B. Abildga-
ardiafusea, Nees in Wight Contrib. 95 ; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 54. A.
pauciflora, Kunth Enum. ii. 249. Schcenus puberulus, C. A. Meyer Cyp.
Nov. 2, t, 1. Rynchospora ? anomala, Steud. Syn. Cyp. 149; Mig. Fl. Ind.
Q ve li. 337. “Isolepis longispica, Steud. l.e. 104.—Fimbristylis, Wall.
- 9530,

650 CLXXII, CYPERACEX. (C. B. Clarke.) [ Fimbristylis.

NEPAL; Wallich. BURRAKUR; Kurz Preu; Kurz. PENANG; alt. 2500 ft.,
Kunstler.—Di1sTRIB. Malaya, China. 18

Rhizome very short, woody, horizontal, densely leafy. Stems about b ?
slender, angular, glabrous. Leaves scarcely as much as } stem, yz ln. pn
minutely pubescent or nearly glabrous, tip obtuse. Umbel 1-23 in. diam., "n
about 10-20 spikelets; bracts 4-2 in., usually hairy. Spikelets 3-5 by Vi ^
flattened; lowest three glumes empty, lowest 2 shorter; nut-bearing glumes SN
subdistichous, upper glumes 3-6 male or sterile 3-several-ranked. Glumes berg
mucronate, margins scarious, upwards often glandular. Stamens usually 2. Nul
long, slender, glabrous, deciduous with pyramidal style-base; branches Diner lux
as long as 1i-3 glume, subacutely trigonous, obtuse; outermost cells somewhat 123,
sometimes almost papillose.

55. F. fulvescens, Thw. Enum, 434; annual, glabrous, leaves i
long as 1-1 stem, otherwise nearly as F. fusca, var. B longifolia. Boeck.
Linnea, xxxvii. 55. Abildgaardia fulvescens, Tuv. Le, 347.

CEYLON; Walker, Thwaites (n. 679). ith pale-

Stems tufted. Umbel nearly as in F. fusca, or sometimes more loose, wt ` p in
cinnamon long-pedicelled spikelets; bracts ligulate scabrous. Spikelets 573 ™
broad, i.e. often rather broader than in F. fusca.

56. F. cyperoides, Br. Prodr. 228; leaves several long nanon
umbel compound, bracts short, glumes few-ranked boat-shaped aoum be-
brown glandular, style 3-fid, nut oblong-obovoid pale transversely eii
culate. Benth, Fl. Austral. vii. 917. F. biflora, Boeck. in Linnea, XXX te)
393. Abildgaardia cyperoides, Nees in Wight Contrib. 95 (im m0.

Gussonea cyperoides, Presl. Rel. Henk. i. 183, t. 33 (see Benth. & Hook.f.
Gen. Pl. 1049.)

N. AUSTRALIA, PHILIPPINE, CAROLINE ISLES. ximate

Stems about 1 ft., slender (base thickened by horny sheaths) closely ap hairy.
ona very short rhizome. Leaves as long as i-i stem, glabrous or minute 4 fewer,
Umbel 1-3} in. diam., sometimes with 80 spikelets usually with mo Jowes
glabrous or minutely hairy; bracts l-lin. Spikelets + by de in. flattened ; upper
2-3 glames empty, lowest 1-2 small; nut-bearing glumes 2-4, distichou*, long,
glumes 3-6, male or sterile, 3-several-ranked. Stamens often 3. Sty “Nut as
slender, deciduous with its hairy pyramidal style-base; branches linear,
long as 2 glume, round trigonous.— California (Presl.) is an error for Manila. tufted,

Var. cinnamometorum (sp.) Kunth Enum. ii, 229; roots fibrous, stem apose
nut shining somewhat polygonal, outermost cells transversely oblong Sim its 3
regularly in 7-11 vertical series on each face (i.e. nut 7-li-ribbed on eat Scirpus
faces). Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 35. F. glabra, Steud. Syn. Cyp. 111, chiefly. Nees in
cinnamometoram, Vahl Enum. ii. 278. Trichelostylis cinnamometorum, cl, sym
Linnea, ix. 290. Abildgaardia cinnamometorum, Tw. Enum. 347 Zb
fusca).—Pegu and Ceylon; China.—Steudel's F. glabra is founded on one lepis ;
n. 131, a, which is this o cinnamometorum," mixed with F. tenera Val. oy
Steudel’s description regards mostly cinnamometorum.

ikelets
_ 57. F. actinoscheenus, C. B. Clarke; leaves hardly any, TEL,
in one small dense head 4-1-fld, glumes about 6 few-ranke hoenus
subdistichous, style 3-fid, nut small obovoid trigonous. Än mis,
filiformis, Benth. in Hook. Ic. Pl. xiv. 33,t. 1346. Arthrostylis Å 1
Thw. Enum. 352; Boeck. in Linnæa, xxxvii. 524.

CEYLON; Thwaites (n. 3469), Beckett. reen,
Glabrous, perennial. Stems slender, 12-30 in. Leaves 0-3 in., setae g ts
close to base of stem. Spikelets up to 20 in a globose head 4-4 in. a”

: cting *
0-3 in., setaceous. Spikelets 1 in., usually 2-fid., lower flower alone perfe

Fimbristylis.] ^ ctxxi. cyperacer, (C. B. Clarke.) 651

nut ; but sometimes 4-fld., the three lower flowers perfect. Lowest 3 glumes smaller
empty; glume subaristate, with reeurved point (but see var. B). Style deciduous;
base conic, dilated. — Nut smooth, reticulate.

Var. B chinensis; spikelets less numerous, points of fl.-glumes shorter suberect.
Arthrostylis chinensis, Benth. Fl. Haat, 397. Actinoschceni sp. Benth. in Hook.
Ic. Pl. xiv. 33.—Perak, alt. 6500 ft., Wray, n. 354, alt. 800 ft., Kunstler (n.
3373).—Hongkong.

58. F. disticha, Boeck. in Linnæa, xxxviii. 393; stems 4-10 in.
slender base leafy, umbel 1-3 times divided slender lax, spikelets small
nirowly oblong flattened, lower glumes distichous, style 3-fid, nut
obovoid pale verrucose almost tuberculate.

Tavor; Wallich, Mouse: Parish. MERGUI; Grifith.—DisTRIB. Cochin

ina,

Annual. Stem 5-striate, base thickened by numerous sheaths. Leaves in the
type 2 in., often much longer, flat, glabrous, tip obtuse. Umbel 4 in., nearly
glabrous, bracts zin. Spikelets 1 by A in., pale brown, with about 15 flowers.
Glumes boat-shaped, ovate, subobtuse, glabrous, margins minutely hairy, 1-2 lowest
empty deciduous, Stamens often3. Style long, glabrous, deciduous with pyramidal
tyle-base, branches long. Nut as long as 1-2 glume, round-trigonous.

Var? Kurzii; stouter, umbel denser, rays hairy, spikelets stouter, glumes
distichous densely minutely hairy.—Sikkim Terai; Titaliya, Kurz.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES OF Fimbristylis.

,,b GAMBLEANA, Boeck. Cyp. Nov. ii, 40.—MADRas; alt. 3000 ft., Gamble —
Allied to P, tenera," Boeck.

9. BULBOSTYLIS, Kunth.

Annuals. Stems slender, leafy only at base. Leaves very narrow and
sheaths generally finely hairy. Corymb umbelliform or congested, some-
times reduced to 1 spikelet. “Spikelet of numerous axillary perfect flowers,

Scent at top. Glumes imbricated on all sides, 2-1 lowest empty.

YPogynous bristles O. Stamens 3-1, usually 2; anthers not crested.
Style ag long as nut, linear, glabrous; branches 3, linear; style-base very
mall, bulbiform ; style with style-base deciduous, leaving a minute button
D apex of nut. Nut obovoid, obtuse, 3-gonous, scarcely stalked, smooth.
` ege 70, all warm regions. a

his genus ises a la f very closely allied species, easily recognize
$Y the ne leaves and da har as well as by the peculiar button left n

“© nut (itself ultimately deciduous). They are placed in Fimbristylis by Bentham, who
tid great stress in the Cyperacee on the inflorescence ; and by Boeckeler in Scirpus.

y are really very closely allied to Eleocharis (of which genus one American
Z'm 1s Bulbostylis nudipes, Kunth), from which genus the few Indian Bu

ylides are easily distinguished by their leaves.

D f. Parbata, Kunth Enum, ii 208 (see E ee
=á ik şs i ead, s -fid, stra -
peeurely wl or poros punctate B. Wallichiana and Willdenowii,
uath Le 209, 210. Scirpus barbatus, Rottb. Descr. et Ic. Di 1 " CN
Qu TE in Linnea, xxxvi. 751 (excl. var. B). S. antarcticus, f p

P96; Roxb. FL Ind. i, 223 (not Linn.) S. monander, Row à d ES
b Puberulus, Boeck, le. 767 (armeroides only). Isolepis barbata, Dr.
acr. 229: Nees in Wight Contrib, 109; Strachey Cat. Pl. Kumaon, 73;

"- FL Ind, Bat. ii 310; Thw. Enum. 350. l. Wallichiana, Roem. j

652 OLXXIL cYPERACEE. (C. B. Clarke.) [ Bulbostylis.

8 " h.).
Sch. Syst, Mant. ii. 533. I. capillaris, Don Prodr. 39 (not Roem. & Se
I. Costa Ai and I. involuccllata, Steud. Syn. Cyp. 101. I. ENN
Hochst. ; see Boeck. l.c. 752. Fimbristylis monandra, Roem. & Sch. Ca
Mant. ii. 59. F. barbata, Benth. Fl. Austral. vii. 321.— Burm. .
Zeyl. t. 47, fig. 2.—Isolepis, Wall. Cat. 3481, 3497. ,

Throughout INDIA, alt. 0-4000 ft., from KASHMIR and AssAM to CEYLON an
SrNGAPORE. —DisTRIB. Warm regions. .

Stems tufted, 2-10 in., bristlo.Iike; striated. Leaves as long as $ stem 5 sheaths
usually with needle-like hairs at least in their throat. Capitulum Y $ lanceolate.
bracts shorter, or much longer, than head. Spikelets 373 iD., ob Sch margins
Glumes boat-shaped, ovate, scarcely acute, rusty brown with. green keel,
minutely ciliate, sides puberulous or glabrate, Nut as long as 3 glume.

Var. pulchella (sp.) Thw. Enum. 350 (under Isolepis); d glumes ZC
lanceolate longer more rigid than in B. barbata type. Scirpus hwan th Madras.
in Linnea, xxxviii. 380,—Isolepis, Wall. Cat. 3480, B. 3481 VLC " Thwaites
Pondicherry ; Perrottet; Tuticorin ; Wight n. 2891, Wallich. Cey ons cies, but
n. 829, 3761), &c.— The type form of this var. looks aseparable spe

. i e;
there are intermediates which I cannot sort between the two; Wight r
all as one species.

. . 10
2. B. subspinescens, C. B. Clarke; stem hairy with ic
spikelets in an almost prickly head, style 3-fid, nut pale brown.

Orissa; Poori, W. S. Atkinson, Clarke. stem.
Whole plant pubescent. Stems 4 in., rigid, curved. Leaves as long ut ng as
Spikelets nearly 4 in., hard, almost stellately spreading; bracts a "e barbata, of
the head. Glumes scarcely keeled, densely pubescent.—Otherwise as ».
which it might be treated as a var. growing in sea sand.

brous,
3. B. capillaris, Kunth Enum. ii. 212 (see p. 205) Nc" 3-fid,
spikelets nearly all solitary in a simple or compound ME nt. 821.
nut pale transversely undulate. Scirpus capillaris, Linn. Mant.

cose not
Var. trifida (sp.) Kunth Enum. ii, 218; nut smooth or often verry

& Wall.)
transversely undulate. Scirpus densus, Wall. in Boch Fl. Ind. (d Er? in Journ.
i. 231. S. gracillimus, Boeck. in Linnea xxxvi. 761. 8. "än, chey Cat. Pl.
Bot. xvi, 112. Isolepis trifida, Nees in Wight Contrib. 108 ; densa Roem. 4
Kumaon, 73; Thw. Enum. 350. I. tenuissima, Don Prodr. 40. I. Steud
Sch. Syst. Mant. ii. 71; Nees in Wight Contrib. 109. I. trichokolea, 111 `
96 ; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii, 308. Fimbristylis capillacea, Steud. l. c. LI.

É — Isolepis,
laris, Benth. Fl. Austral. vii. 322 (partly) ; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 390.
Wall. Cat. 3476.

_pisrris. Warm

Very common from the HIMALAYA, alt. 0-8500 ft., to CEYLON. Dis

regions of Old World, es as long 9*
Stems tufted, 4-10 in., slender, striate, glabrous under umbel. T at least n

3—4 stem, bristle-like, nearly glabrous; sheaths with, needle-like m-

: id or
2-1 spikelets. Spikelets in the Indian plants solitary, $ 1n» ellipse alons, g

6-15-fd. Glumes boat-shaped, ovate, obtuse, brown or blackish, pU some Indian
green scarcely excurrent in a muero. Nut as long as $ gur. separate we?
specimens have stems 16 in. with large compound umbels.—1 c utermos cells 0
specifically from the American type capillaris; the shape of the o ríectly

J ` . : n impe
the nut is identical in the two, the superficial difference in marking 1$ ofte
developed.

bescent OF
4. B. puberula, Kunth Enum. ii. 213 (see p. 205); stem P"

Bulbostylis. | CLXXII, CYPERACER, (C. B. Clarke.) 653

puberulous under umbel, umbel often congested (sometimes lax) spikelets
solitary, style 3-fid, nut pale transversely wrinkled. Scirpus puberulus,
Poir Encycl. vi. 767; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 767. S. Wightianus,
Boeck. l.c. 765 (in great part). S. barbatus, Boeck. l.c. 751 (as to syn.
Isolepis gracilis and Thwaites n. 834). T. gracilis, Nees in Wight Contrib.
109 (not Linnea, x.161); Kunth l.c. 217; Thw. Enum. 350. ‘I. puberula,
Steud. Syn. Cyp. 103. Cyperus pubescens, Steud. l c. 50.

Deccan PENINSULA, Wight. Cxrton; Thwaites n. 834. Menger: Griffith.
Matacca ; Kunstler, SINGAPORE ; DBurbidge.—DisTRIB. Trop. Africa, Malaya and
Cochin China.

Very near B. capillaris ; the spikelets are really solitary, but often closely packed
in an umbel less than 1 in. diam. In Wight n. 1892 (type of Isolepis
vei Nees) the stems are long, very slender; the umbel is lax, some pedicels

in. long.

10. SCIRPUS, Linz. (partly).

Herbs of very various habit, all glabrous (or the inflorescence slightly
hairy. Spikeleis usually many-fld. (lower glumes spirally imbricated)
sometimes few-fld. (lower glumes subdistichous upper spirally imbricated).
Glumes 1-2 (rarely 3) lowest empty, several (rarely 1) succeeding with
Perfect nut-bearing flowers, upper tabescent. Hypogynous bristles 7-1
setaceous, or 0, or (in S. littoralis and S. Isolepis) sometimes broad ovate.
Stamens 3-1, anterior; anthers linear-oblong or oblong, crested or un-
appendaged. Style long or short, glabrous, 3-fid or 2-fid, base linear
or linear-conic, continuous with apex of nut. Nut trigonous or plano-
convex, sessile or nearly so.— Species 125, all regions.

This genus here includes (in several very dissimilar sections) all the scirpoid
"Pedes left after the neighbouring genera have been taken out. Eleocharis and
Fimbristylis differ by the enlarged style-base (separated from the nut by a constric-
tion or a line); Fuirena and Bulbostylis have hairy leaves ; Eriophorum has bristles

te, laciniate (to the base in the Indian species).

Sect. I. MowosracHYr. Small or slender. Stems (or branches) with
one Spikelet, Style long.

l. S. fluitans, Lina. Sp. Pl. 71; stem weak elongate branched
leaty upwards, bristles 0, style 2-fid, nut plano-convex o ovoid smooth
pale. Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. viii. 38, t. 298 (excl. the triquetrous nut) ; Boeck.
innea, xxxvi. 485 (excl. var. y and part B). Isolepis fluitans, Br.
Prodr, 291; Thw. Enum. 350. I. curvula, Kunth Enum. i. 189. I. cur-
vata, Zoll, Verz, Ind. Archip. ii. 62. Eleogiton fluitans, Link Hort. Berol.
^794. E. curvulus, Nees in Wight Contrib. 110.
, Kuasra ; - Kent HILLS; Perrottet, &c. with more
Te purple Ei (var. Vid CEYLON ; Thwaites, &c., with shortened curved
in and clustered peduncles and leaves (var. curvula).—DistRiB. Nearly a
ns,

in, Zoot fibrous Stems 2-12 in. long, flaccid, in water or on mud. Leaves à-25
"very narrow. Peduncles 1-4 in. ‘Spikelet j5-l in., many- or few-fid. lae
lone D shorter than the spikelet, or 0. Glumes ovate, obtuse, concave, Zu as
,E as 4-3 glume; outermost cells small quadrate-hexagonal obscure (i.e. nu
Nooth or obsoletely reticulate). |
2. S. submersus, Sauvalle Fl. Cuba, 175; stem weak elongate

branched leafy upwards, bristles 6 overtopping nut, sty le 2-fid, nut (only

654 CLXXIL OYPERACEX. (C. B. Clarke.) [Scirpus

one in each spikelet) plane-convex lanceolate-obovoid smooth pale. S. con-
fervoides, Poir. Encyc. vi. 755 (non Boeck.); Kunth Enum., ii. 173 partly E at.
deseript. not the diagnosis). Eleocharis? confervoides, Mig. Fl. Ind. 7L
iii. 303. Rynchospora ruppioides, Benth. (Rhyncospora) in Hook. le. D
xiv. 31, t. 1844; Trimen Cat. Ceylon Pl. 103 and in Journ. Bot. xxiv. td
Websteria limnophila, S. H. Wright in Bull. Torrey Club, xiv. [1887] 18.

CEYLON; Thwaites (C.P. 3936); Colombo, Beckett.—D1srRrB. Sporadic,
tropical. . . .

Floating. Stems 10-20 in. Leaves 2-4 in., clustered, capillary. Spikelet 4 ie
oblong-lanceolate. Glumes two lowest concave, elliptic-oblong, thin, enclosing the
spikelet ; upper glumes smaller, male or sterile, sometimes 0; lowest glume empty,
the next supporting a perfect nut-bearing flower. Bristles setaceous, an
scabrous, straw-colrd. Nut half as long as its glume, itself style and style-
exactly as in S. fluitans, but much larger.

3. S. pauciflorus, Lightf. Fl. Scot. 1078; leafless, spikelet quae
terminal few-fld., bristles 6—3, style 3-fid, nut trigonous oboroid, —
pale or somewhat brown; Reichd. Ic. Fl. Germ. viii. 38, t. 299; ER l
Linnma, xxxvi. 479. S. Beothryon, Ehrh. PAytoph. n. 31; Linn. f. Supp
103.

West TIBET; Thomson. KASHMIR; alt. 8000 ft., C. B. Clarke.—D18TBIP.
N. temp. and cold regions.

Roots fibrous, but stolons sometimes added. Stems 2-10 in., leafy only near bat
erect, clustered; uppermost sheath truncate, often marked by. a brown tran pout
line, sometimes apiculate on one side. Spikelet 4—4 in., subebracteate, bearing. ut,
5 nuts. Glwmes ovate, obtuse, dusky chestnut. Bristles about as long D e
retrorse-scabrous, straw-colrd. Wut as long as 2 the glume; style-base "ithering
pyramidal continuous with nut ; outermost cells of nut small, subhexagonal, We
(i.e. nut smooth, lead-colrd., smooth or minutely reticulate, white-veiled).

4. S. pumilus, Vahl Enum. ii. 243; leaves very short, spikelet Aring
terminal few-fld., bristles 0, style 3-fid, nut trigonous obovoid giis t
black. S. alpinus, Schleich. Cat. 1821; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. Week A
900; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 480; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 378. S. cæ Piso-
sus, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 488 (the Asiat. examples and syns). Cyp-
lepis pumila, Roem. dr Sek. Syst. ii. 106. I. oligantha, C. A. Mey

ov. 3, t. 1.

KasmwrR; W. Tibet, Skardo and Hanle, alt. 14,000 ft. Thomson;
Winterbottom; Gilgit, Giles.—DisTRIB. N. temp. and cold regions. , etaceous,

Stolons slender, becoming wiry black creeping rhizomes. Stems 2-6 in. Otherwise
green. Leaves 4—5 in., setaceous, green, Spikelet scarcely $ in., ovoid.— Roem.
as S. pauciflorus, Lightf., of which this species has been reckoned a var. Goo shining
& Sch. Syst. Mant. ii. 72 in Obs.) ; ripe examples are easily recognized by t

. rood ,
black nut. The rhizome (most commonly 0 in S. pauciflorus) is here black, W d
though very thin.

rais,
u

: 331o-sized.
Sect. 2. Isoveris (Genus), Br. Prodr. 221. Small or miden
Stems leafy only near the base. Spikelets usually in clusters.
of hypogynous bristles. Style long, 3-fid.

. LA
5. S. setaceus, Linn. Sp. Pl. 73 (partly); small, stem WC and
spikelets in a quasi-lateral head, style Ka KA longitudinally striato vii.
transversely trabeculate between the striations, Reichb. Ic. FL. Ge RE
39,t. 301. Boeck. im Linnea, xxxvi. (excl. var. B. & 7). Isolepis Com
Br. Prodr. 222; Nees in Wight Contrib. 107; Strachey Cat. P.
72 (excl. syn. pygmea).

Scirpus. | CLXXIL CYPERACEE. (C. B. Clarke.) 655

Temp. and Alpine HiMALAYA, alt. 8-13,000 ft., from Kashmir to SIKKIM.—
DisTRIB. Throughout Europe, Asia; in Africa; in Australia,

Rhizome 4-3 in., almost filiform, or more often 0. Stems 1-8 in. Leaf usually
about 1 in., setaceous, sometimes nearly as long as the stem. Spikelets AL in.,
6-20-fld. ; bract as though a continuation of the stem. Glumes ovate, obtuse, keeled.
Nut as long as half its glume, trigonous obovoid, obtuse, minutely apiculate ; outer-
most cells transversely short-oblong, superimposed in 6-9 vertical series on each
face, so that the nut appears on each face longitudinally 6-9-striate.—Much mixed
in herbaria, and by many authors (even Boeckeler), with S. cernuus, Vahl (S. Savi,
Sebast. § Mauri) which differs in the smooth nut, i.e. the outermost cells are
quadrate-hexagonal, somewhat obscure, not arranged in vertical series (nut minutely
reticulate not horizontally striate). S. cernuus, Vahl is a cosmopolitan species,
ezcept India and the adjacent countries.

6. S. Holoschoenus, Linn. Sp. Pl. 72; stems rather stout, umbel
lateral (rarely reduced to a single head) of distant dense globes of
numerous small spikelets, style 3-fid, nut trigonous obovoid smooth
minutely reticulate leaden-black. Boeck. in Linnza, xxxvi. 720; Boiss.
Fl. Orient. v, 381. Holoschomnus vulgaris, Link Hort. Berol. i. 993. H.
filiformis and H. australis, Reichb. in Flora, 1830, p. 499, 500, and Ic. FV.

erm. viii. 44, 45, t. 310, 317 (erroneous as to sete).

PungaB; Hazara, alt. 4000 ft., Stewart. SiNp; Pinwill.—DisTRIB. Europ.,
Afric., W. Asia.
Rhizome horizontal woody, covered by ovate chestnut scales; fibrous roots
thick, often (when growing in sand) woolly. Stems 8-30 in., approximate, terete.
aves all near the base of the stem, sometimes 6 in. long, usually shorter, or re-
duced almost to sheaths. Umbel simple or very compound of 1-80 usually (2-10)
heads ; lowest bract sometimes 4-8 in., Sometimes 4-1 in. Spikelets scarcely 4 in.,
ellipsoid, denge-fld. Glumes ovate, keel subexcurrent, tip hairy (rarely glabrous).
mens 3; anthers red-crested. Nut small, as long as 3-3 glume, subtriquetrous,
obtuse, minutely apiculate; outermost cells minute, quadrate-hexagonal, obscure,
Withering (nut more or less white-veiled by such withered fragments on the dark
nut). —In one example in Herb. Calcutta (from the N.-W. Himalaya?) I found two
teral Scales, very similar, and similarly placed to those occasionally found in S.
Isolepis, Boeck., but much stouter, and which I suppose may represent 4 bristles
ted and connate in pairs. (See Journ. Bot. xxx. 321—323.)

Bect. 3. SCIRPUS PROPER. Large or middle-sized. Stems leafy only
hear the base. Inflorescence various, but spikelets not spicate. Hy pogy-
hous bristles often present. Style long.—Differs from Sect. Isolepis very

ttle except in the frequent presence of bristles.

* Nut more or less transversely muricated (the outer cells of the nut
are longitudinal oblong, so that their thickened, often elevated, ends form a
transverse wavy line). . bella

In these 6 closely allied s ecies—spikelets clustered—clusters solitary or umbellate
glumes entire, i.e. apex neither emarginate nor. hispid—bristles simply scabrous or 0
anthers not crested—atyle 3-fid (or in S. debilis 2-fid.)

. ^.S.supin inn. Sp. Pl. T3(partly); stems medium terete, spikelets
m a single ateral head Ge var. Ke few closely umbelled), glumes ovate
eled with suberect mucro, bristles 0, style 3-fid, nut obovoid trique S
obtuse transversely scabrous-undulate black. | Roxb, Fl. Ind. i. , eic V
€. Fl. Germ. viii. 40, E, 302; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 699 (exci. var.

656 OLXXII. CYPERAOEX. (C. B. Clarke.) [ Seirpus.

Br. Prod. 221; Nees in Wight Contrib. 107; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. m. 309.
Schenus junceus, Willd. Phyt. i. 2, t. 1, fig. 4.—Scirpus, Wall. Cat.
3461.

Throughout Inp1a and CEYLON (except Assam), alt. 0-3000 ft. —D rsrR1s. Old
World generally, and in America, .

Roots fibrous. Stems 2-12 in. Leaves short, usually less than an inch. Head
of 7-1 spikelets, quasi-lateral; lowest bract as though a continuation of the pers
1-4 in., terete, channelled (not triquetrous). Spikelets 1-4 in. many-fld, bür
pentagonous. Wut as long as half glume, acutely triquetrous, or slightly
compressed.

Var. uninodis; heads umbellate, on 3-1 rays rarely so much as 1 in. Ei
mucronatus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 216 (not of Linn.). Isolepis uninodis, Delile i €
Egypt. 8, t. 6, fig. 1. I. ambigua, Zoll. Syst. Verz. Ind. Archip. it. 62 lick
Steud.). I. oryectorum, Steud. Syn. Cup, 96.—8S1N»p ; Pinwill. BENGAL ; TS:
J.D. H. CoROMANDEL; Roxburgh; Wight. CEYLON; Leschenault, Macrae.
DisTRIB. Trop. Africa, Java, Austral.

8. S. erectus, Poir. Encyc. vi. 761; stems medium or elongate teros,
spikelets in a single lateral head, glumes ovate concave incurved, dn d
6-5 rarely 0, style 2-3-fid, nut broadly obovoid plane-convex obtuse 8 "i y
transversely wavy black. S debilis, Pursh Fl. Am. Sept. i. 55; Bon Lui
Austral. vii. 232. S. juncoides, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 216 ; Mig.Fl. Ind. 12 e
303. S.luzonensis, Presl. Rel. Hzenk. i. 193 ; Nees in Wight Contrib. 1 "à if
Wallichii, Nees in Wight Contrib. 112. S. junciformis, Nees l. c. 1l n
Retz). S. timorensis, Kunth Enwm.ii.162. S.supinus, var. D aud y B "Hum ,
Linnea, xxxvi. 600. S. lateralis, Herb. Heyne and S. ternatus, Herb. Roem.
Wall. Cat. 3462, 3468, 3469, 4471. Eleocharis juncoides, Schultes m `
& Sch. Syst. Mant. ii. 90.

Throughout INDIA with CEYLON ; alt. 0-3000 ft.—Distris. Temp.
Awm., Austral. . ted by
This species united with S. supinus by Boeckeler has been agam se Pa Tho two
Bentham l.c. on the characters of the bristles, style branches and nut, ;kelets, 8:
appear amply distinct; S. supinus has carinate glumes and angular sp
erectus has concave glumes and terete spikelets.

Asia and N.

rete spongy
ate acu e,

D . ab.
214; Boeck. in Linnæa, xxxvi. 702. S. fistulosus, Forsk. F' l. Am,
14. S. prelongatus, Poir. Encyc. vi. 764 and Suppl. v. 91. >- lata Nees
and S. subarticulatus, Roxb. Fl. Le 214, 215. Isolepis articula 11, 286.

Mart:

Throughout INDIA, alt. 0-3000 ft., from the Hansen to CEYLON and
MEIN.—DisrTRIB. Africa, Philippines, Australia. versely
Root fibrous, Stems 4-30 in., densely tufted, soft, often (when dry) "zz stem,
septate; sheaths at top membranous, soon torn. Lowest bract simitar 4-4 in Jong:

appearing a continuation of it, and often longer than it. Spikelets t slightly
rusty or purple, usually many, but heads of few spikelets occur. amens US y 3

keeled, not notched at tip, margins neither fimbriate nor hairy.

Scirpus. ] CLXXIL CYPERACEX. (C. B. Clarke.) 657

Style slender ; branches 3, long. Wut nearly half as long as glume, almost symmetric-
trigonous, faces concave.

10. S. quinquefarius, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 3465; stems medium or
slender terete nearly leafless, spikelets 1-9 in a single lateral dense head,
glumes broadly ovate acute inflated in fruit, bristles 0, style 3-fid, nut
obovoid triquetrous faintly transversely wavy black. Boeck. in Linnea,
Ti 701. Isolepis lupulina and I. Roylei, Nees in Wight Contrib.

NORTHERN INDIA, from RAwvr PINDEE, Aitchison, SIND, Pinwill, and CENTRAL
Inu, King, to Assam, Wallich § Gmriffth.—DisrRIB. Turkestan, Cabul, Trans-

, Root fibrous. Stems 2-12 in., often (when dry) transversely septate. Spikelets
saming straw-brown. Glumes many-ribbed, sometimes laxly spiral, sometimes 5-
ranked, Nut with interrupted paler transverse lines.—Very nearly allied to S.
articulatus ; but in the fruiting spikelets the glumes are looser inflated more shining,
reminding Nees of hops (whence his name lupulina).

_ll. S. mucronatus, Linz. Sp. Pl. 73; stems medium or robust
triquetrous nearly leafless, spikelets in a single lateral dense head, glumes
ovate subacute, bristles 5 or 6 unequal, style 3-fid, nut obovoid trigonous
suning black smooth scarcely transversely wavy. Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ.
Vm. 40, t. 303; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 703. S. muticus, Don Prodr.

. S. triangulatus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 217; Nees in Wight Contrib. 111.
S. javanus, Nees /. c. 112. S. sundanus, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 304. S.
nysurensis, Herb. Heyne; Wall. Cat. 3467.

Throughout INDIA, alt. 0-6000 ft.—DisTRIB. Europe, Madagascar, warmer Asia,

a.

Roots fibrous or a short horizontal rhizome. Stems 8-30 in. ; sheaths triangular-
anceolate membranous at top on one side. Lowest bract }-4in., as though a con-
tinuation of the stem, trigonous. Spikelets 4-} in., pale or (especially in the hills)

mut-colrd. Glumes keeled, many-ribbed, not notched at top, margins glabrous
® minutely Scabrous-hairy. Bristles retrorsely scabrous, two longer ones nearly
as long as nut. Nuź somewhat compressed, as long as à glume.

12. S. corymbosus, Heyne ex Roth. Nov. Sp. Pl. 28; stems stout
terete leafless, spikelets clustered on rays of a lateral umbel, glumes ovate
‘cute mucronate, bristles 0, style 3-fid, nut obovoid trigonous black smooth
r with faint transverse lines. Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 706. S. incli-
Datus, Delile; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 381. S. bangalorensis, Herb. Heyne;
Vail, Cat. 3464. Isolepis corymbosa, Roem. & Sch. Syst. ii. 110, and Mant.
1.65; Nees in Wight Contrib. 108. I. inclinata, Barbey Levant, t. 8, fig. 9.
“Isolepis, Wal. Cat. 3471, 3472.

WzsrERN INDIA; Sind, Pinwill, Mount ABOO and GoonaH, King. JUBBUL-
PORE, Beddome. HYDERABAD, Campbell. BANGALORE, Wallich.—Africa, Mada-

ar,

y, Rhizome 2-4 in., horizontal. Stems approximate, 3 ft., at base } in. in diam.
mbel simple or compound, rays usually short sometimes 5 in. long ; lowest bract
m., suberect, hardly simulating a continuation of stem. Spikelets }-} in.,
Y- Glumes faintly striate, glabrous, not notched at top. Nut scarcely 4 as
Ne as glume, pyramidal at top.—S. supinus, var. uninodis differs by having leaves
ad nut more obtuse.

i D Nut smooth or obscurely reticulate (outer cells of nut subquadrate or,

4 longitudinally oblong, arranged as brick-wall parenchyma).— Glumes

Pehed at top, except in S. grossus. Bristles 7-2, rarely 0.
L. vr.

Y Uu

658 CLXXI. OYPERACEX. (C. B. Clarke.) [Scirpus.

13. S. triqueter, Linn. Mant. 29; stems stout triquetrons, leaves
short, umbel subsimple lateral, spikelets clustered, pristies ately brown.
scabrous, style 2-fid, nut plane-convex smooth pale L ^i 334, in note.
Reichb. Te. Fl. Germ. viii. 40, t. 305; Benth. Fl. Austral. vii. 334 n ME
S. Pollichii, Gren. & Godr. Fl. Franc. iii. 374; Boeck. in Linnea,

711.

LC. — DISTRIB.

KASHMIR and BALTISTHAN, alt. 6-8000 ft., Jacquemont, Thomson, &c.—D
Europe, Central Asia to Japan, S. Africa. :no scales ovate

Glabrous, except margin of glumes. Rhizome elongate, E o fuces plane,
triangular, striate, rusty-brown, often rubbed off. Stems di any Lowest bract
third (flower-bearing) concave, Leaves 4-3 in. long, or t. el 12 in. with 2-9
3-2 in., triquetrous, as though continuing stem. Rays of un le head. Spikelets
clustered spikelets on each ; or umbel congested nearly to, ^ orm) Glumes broadly
i in. long, broad cylindric, rusty-brown (in the Himal. on ins scarious, ciliate,
ovate, keeled, notched at top with a short mucro in notch; ma g incurved over its
hairy. Bristles rigid, brown-red, often about as long as na d ose). Stamens 3,
shoulders, scabrous with short white reflexed teeth (not P. ces 3.fid. Nut les
anthers with short red crests. Style fide Boeckeler sometime n ie. that this
than 4 length of glume.—As to the specific name, Bentham ` "i carding that name.
plant was S.triqueter, Linn., and that Boeckeler erred in the more acutely tri-
It hardly differs from S. lacustris var. carinata, except by
quetrous stem,

ith one spikelet,
Var. segregata; ultimate rays of the umbel all (or nearly aD eng. Ix, pu ,
bristles 3 (sometimes 2). ? S. subulatus, Prain in Journ. As. Clarke “New Guinea.
335.—Lower Bengal, especially the Soondreebun, C. B. C. divided, sometimes
—Stolons slender. Rays of the inflorescence sometimes "E, black-red.
3% in. long. Bristles 3 or 2 (usually 4 or more in S. triqueter, tyP-)s

omewhat
14, S. lacustris, Linn. Sp. Pl. 72; stems stout terete 1 solitary,
trigonous, umbels usually compound, spikelets clus ere olovoid smoo
bristles 6-5 retrorsely simply scabrous, style 2-9-fd, nn pek. in Linnea,
finally black. Reich, Ic. Fl. Germ. viii. 41, t. 30 BI Enum. ii. 268. §:
xxxvi. 712; Strachey Pl. Kumaon, 73. S. validus, Va ` t. 307, 723. S.
Tabernæmontani, Ganel. Fl. Badens. i. 101; Reichb. dei Reichb. l.c. 42,
carinatus, Sowerby Engl. Bot. t. 1983. S. Duvallii, Hoppe i atus, Aitch. in
t. 308. S. Meyenii, Nees in Linnea, ix. 293. S. SU Chron. D 71] 399,
Journ. Linn. Soc. xix. 189. Juncus zebrinus, Gard.
2.

t. 6 alt. 4500 ft.,
KASHMIR, alt. 5500 ft., and LADAK, Schlagintweit, &c. Kumaon, ® © p ope,

_DIsTRIB.
Thomson, Strachey § Winterbottom. MuNeypoor, Watt. Dis
Africa, Australia, N. America. tei ater
Rhizome horizontal. Stems 11-4 ft., often standing in e or twice t
any, or sometimes 4 in., or (floating) 1-2 ft. Umbel usually lowest ract suberee
4-6 in. in diam., sometimes reduced almost to a small head; ^ th a small mu e-
short. Spikelets 4 in. long. Glumes ovate, notched at top "ut or reduced, ^
notch; margins membranous, pilose. Bristles as long as the » plane-conves e s
times almost 0. Stamens 3, anthers crested. Nut 3-b BE. nemontani di e
type S. lacustris, the stem is terete, the style 3-fid ; var. lacustris of S. Amer
in style bifid ; var. carinata in stem obscurely trigonous.—(S. la
is S. riparius, Presl.). us, leaves
100n0U5, H
15. S. maritimus, Linn. Sp. Pl. 74; stems robust trigo ej hairy
severallong, umbel compound simple or capitate, glum abo
at top mucronate, bristles 6-3 retrorse-scabrous rare y » ig d
3-fid (see var.), nut obovoid smooth finally black. M "i n Linnza, 27
111; Heichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. viii. 42, t. 310, 311; Boeck. i

|

Scirpus, | CLXXIL CYPERACEE. (C. B. Clarke.) 659

722; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 288. S. corymbosus, Forsk. Fl. Ægypt.
Arab. l4 (not of Heyne). S. tridentatus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 925.—Fimbri-
stylis, Wall. Cat. 3504, 3505.

From KASHMIR, Jacquemont, KASHGAR, alt. 10,000 ft., Scully, and MORADABAD,
T. Thomson, to MALABAR, Law, and MYSORE, Heyne.—DisTRIB. Old World, with
vars. in Australia and America.

Rhizome creeping, woody, divided, nodes dilating into tubers. Stems 14-6 ft.,
often covered some way up by sheaths. Leaves grass-like, harsh, often as long as
stems. Umbel very variable in development, branches corymbose or subumbellate ;
spikelets 3-8 or solitary on each ray; or umbel rarely reduced to a head of 3-1
spikelets. Lowest bract often 4-10 in., sometimes much shorter. Spikelets large,
commonly 2 in. in diam. Glumes erect, fine brown or chestnut-colrd. (but see var.) ;
margins often subfimbriate. Bristles usually somewhat shorter than the nut, rigid,
often unequal. Stamens 3; anthers red-crested. Style long. Nut very variable
size and shape at top; in the Indian form hardly more than 4 length of glume.

Var. affinis (sp.), Roth. Nov. Pl. Sp. 30; spikelets capitate usually 3-1, large
ovoid lanceolate, glumes straw-colrd. sparingly hairy, bristles 4 as long as nut, style
2-fid, nut small. Nees in Wight Contrib. 111. S. strobilinus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i.
219. S, maritimus, var. (sp. ?), Mazim. Prim. Fl. Amur, 299. S. macrostachys,
Boeck. Cyp. Nov.i.19. S. Balna, Ham. ; Wall. Cat. 3463.—Throughout N. India, in
the plains ; from the Punjab, Thomson, and Bombay to Assam and Pegu.—N. Asia,
Turkestan, N. China, Amurland.—Appears distinct from the typical S. maritimus
by its few pale large spikelets and 2-fid style, but the American and Australiau
Varieties connect it. The extreme state of affinis is the Burmese form, in which the
stem is terminated by one very large spikelet 13 by 3 in.

16. S. littoralis, Schrad. Fl. Germ. i. 142, t. 5, fig. 7; stems stout
trigonous upwards, leaves short or 0, umbel lateral, spikelets mostly solitary,
nistles 7-2 plumose brown, style 2-fid, nut obovoid smooth chestnut or
black, Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. vii. 42, t. 309. S. subulatus, Vahl Enum. ii.
288; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 306; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 288; Boeck. in
Linnea, xxxvi, 715. S. fimbrisetus, Delile Descr. Egypt. 11, t. 7, fig. 1.
8. plumosus, Br. Prodr. 223. S. pectinatus, Roxb. FI. Ind. i 218; Thw.
Enum, 351. S. triqueter, Gren. & Godr. Fl. Franc. ii. 373; Boeck. l. e.
716 (not of Linn.) Malacochste littoralis, Nees in Linnea, ix. 292.
M. pectinata, Nees in Wight Contrib. 110.—Fimbristylis, Wall. Cat.
3306 C (partly).
From KASHMIR, alt. 3500 ft., and BENGAL to CEYLON.—DISTRIB. Europe, Africa,
: Asia, Australia. .
labrous, except margins of glumes. Rhizome hardly any; sometimes slender
stolons are present. Stems 14-23 ft., terete at base. Leaves 1-2 in. long, mem-
"nous ; or sometimes 4 in. long, green. Umbel compound or decompound, often
m. diam.; branches suberect. Lowest bract 1-3 in. (sometimes 6 in.), erect.
Sp ikelets up to 2 by +} in., subcylindric. Glwmes ovate, obtuse, notched at top,
mucronate in notch by excurrent green keel, rusty or brown, ultimately almost
tious. Bristles (or scales) ligulate (sometimes broad), plumose by spreading
pnoliform hairs, in the Indian plant often 4, somewhat longer than nut. Stamens
r2; anthers red.crested. Nut 4 glume, compressed.— Easily recognized among

3

the Indian Scirpi by the plumose bristles.

17. S. grossus, Linn. f. Suppl. 104; very large, leaves only near
base of stem long, corymb ge compound depressed divaricate, spikelets
Wei many solitary, glumes ovate not notched, bristles 6 simply scabrous
(see algo var. 8) sometimes small or 0, style 3-fid, nut trigonous obovoid
goth ashy-grey or black. Rob. Fl. Ind. i. 231; Thw. Enum. 351; Dalz.

Gibs, Bomb. Fl. 288; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 723. 8. maximus, Roxb.

vu2

660 CLXXII. CYPERACEE. (C. D. Clarke.) [ Scirpus.

Le 231. S. emulans, Steud. in Zoll. Verz. Ind. Archip. i. Ew SUE
87 (partly). S. maritimus, var. emulans, Mig. H. Ino. hand S. sa.
canaliculato-triqueter, Steud. Le 318. S. Griffithii, Boec os and Wa,
berrimus, Boeck. in Flora, xli. 595. Hymenochete grossa, cima, Nees
N. Phil. Journ. [1834] 264, & in Wight Contrib. 110. E 130 mes,
in Linnea, ix. 293. Isolepis maxima, Dietr. Sp. Pl. u. .

Wall. Cat. 3470.

SSAM to
Throughout INDIA (except the N.W.), alt. 0-2000 ft. ; from Sinp and A
CEYLON and Maracca.—DisrRIE. Malaya, Tonkin, Philippines. «Stem 3-9 ft.
Glabrous, or glumes with pedicels minutely puberulous-sca row "added. Leaves
thick at base, roots fibrous often in water or mud ; stolons men eh often 8-16 in.
often 4 length of stem, stout, broad, keeled, serrate-edged. ery to 3 ft. leafelike.
in diam., supradecompound ; bracts several, divaricate, lowes Kai ie er ovate,
Spikelets sessile and pedicelled, 1 in. long, ovoid, brown, dense- ^o qe nut, linear,
obtuse with a minute mucro. Bristles 6 or fewer, in type as oe bristles depau-
brown, scabrid or setose by short unicellular hairs, but not rar} anthers scarcely
perated very short smooth, O in form S. maximus. Stamens 3;

: -base con-
crested. Style long. Nut scarcely 4 glume, minutely beaked by style
fluent with nut.

i villous

Var. Kysoor (sp.), Rozb. l. c. 230; glumes more mucronate, pristles EA p.

or almost plumose by numerous multicellular hairs. . Rynchospora ri 110).— Assam,

Pl. ii. 74. Hymenochæte Kysoor, Nees (cf. note in Wight OR Clarke. Bombay,
Jenkins. Bengal, Griffith, Ee, Chota Nagpore, alt. 2000 ft., C. B. i

: . in. 10
Dalzell.—Stolons fide Roxburgh Icon sometimes bearing black tubers $
diam.

t ii. 41.
Sect. 4. Biysmus (Genus), Panzer in Roem. & Sch. Syt má
Medium or slender plants. Spikelets closely spicate. y

* Stem with leaf-bearing nodes above the base, style 2-fid.

aj closely

18. S. Caricis, Retz FL Scand. 11; spikelets subdistichons Lat,
spicate or densely subpaniculate, bristles 6 much ud gee var.)
nut smooth ashy-black narrowed at both ends (bu 707. Schanus
compressus, Pers. Syn. i. 66; Boeck. in Linnea, or in Link. Hort.
compressus, Linn. Sp. Pl. 65. Blysmus compressus, Panz tolepis tibetic
Berol. i, 278; Reichb. Ie. EI. Germ. viii. 36, t. 293. Lep
Boeck. Cyp. Nov. heft. i. 31.

. to KUMAON,
W. HIMALAYA and W. TIBET, alt. 7-15,000 ft. ; from Lex, Stoliczka,

tr.
W. and Cen
Duthie. PHAREE (N.E. Sikkim), G. King.—DisTRiB. Europe,

Asia

lar
. low, ang"
Glabrous. Rhizome creeping, divided. Stems 4-8 in., leafy be type form,

y
- : ikelets usu
lowest bract short, or much overtopping spike. Spi

chilla of spikelet

from next above nearly as in Schomus.
red-brown.

. stems ^^
Var. brevifolia (sp.), Decne in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. ek
with nodes and leaves above the middle, spikelets scarcely Isa Chini, degen,
what distant, Strachey Cat. Pl. Kumaon, 73.—West Himalaya ; jate Bristles *
W. Tibet, alt. 13,000 ft., Stoliczka.—Glumes often scarcely striate.
nut as in S. Caricis typ.—AÀ trifling var.

Scirpus.] CLXXIL CYPERAOEE. (C. B. Clarke.) 661

Var. sikkimensis; stems 4-16 in., spikelets distichous, nut sessile ellipsoid,
margins near its base thickened by large corky cells.—Sikkim ; Lachen, alt. 850) ft.,
J.D.H.—This would be an Anosporum of Boeckeler, as the nut probably germiuates
while floating in water.

Var. dissita (sp.), Duthie in Saharunpore Report, 1885; stem 14 in. bearing
two long-peduncled distant spikes, spikelets densely panicled not distichous, nut
sessile ellipsoid margins near its base thickened by large corky cells.—Kumaon ;
Kutti, alt. 12,500 ft., Duthie. —Very unlike the ordinary S. Caricis.

_ 19. S. rufus, Schrad. Fl. Germ. i. 193, t. 1, fig. 3; spikelets subdis-
tichously closely spicate, bristles O or very short slender, style 2-fid, nut
ovoid acute smooth ashy or brown. Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi 707. Schoenus
compressus, var., Lightf. FI. Scot. 1138, t. 24, fig. 2. S. rufus, Huds. Fl.
Angl. lo. Blysmus rufus, Link. Hort. Berol. i. 278; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ.
viu. 36, t. 293.

W. TiBET, T'homson,— Europe, Centr. Asia, Canada, Chili.

Very near S. Caricis, Retz, differing by the small bristles and the sessile nut.
Glumes usually chestnut-black, but sometimes brown as of S. Caricís. Bristles
usually rudimentary, smooth, sometimes nearly as long as nut and rough with
microscopic papilli but not setulose.

** Nearly leafless, style 3-fid.

20. S. subcapitatus, Thw. Enum. 351; stems long slender with
nodes only close to the base, spikelets 6-1 subcapitately spicate, style 3-fid,

bristles 6 long, nut oblong smooth black. Boeck. in Linna, xxxvi.

ze

Deccan Pexinsura, Wight. Neng, Gardner. CEYLON, Thwaites, T.
Anderson. —D1sTRIB. Sumatra, China. . ,

Glabrous. Rhizome woody, very short. Stems 8-20 in., rigid, terete, sheathed
ouly near base. Leaves 0-} in., subulate. Bracts short; lowest 4 in., shorter than
spike, Spikelets 1 in., many-fld., brown. Glumes ovate, acute, concave, entire not
hotched, keel with 3 yellow nerves. Bristles very slender, much longer than nut, in
rut somewhat lengthened, red-brown, smooth, near tips slightly thickened papillose-
scabrous. Stamens 3; anthers crested. Style long; branches 3, long. Nut $
glume, regularly trigonous, exactly oblong, shortly pyramidal at base and apex, ripe
Shortly acuminate at apex ; outermost ceils, minute, quadrate-hexagonal, nut hence
Swooth or minutely granular.—A remarkable species, placed on account of its
‘picate inflorescence with Blysmus to avoid making another section for it omy,

e nut and bristles are as in the next section Sylvatice.

Sect. 5. SyrvaTIC E. Stems tall with many leaf-bearing nodes in the
Upper part. Panicle long; corymbs decompound, large, spreading. Bristles
if any) undivided, more or less elongate in fruit.—Sxrpita (Genus), Opiz

atural, Tausch. ix. 349.—Eriophori sp., Benth in Gen. PI. ii. 1052.

?l. S. Erio ich. Fl. Bor. Am. i. 33; spikelets in clusters
ED phorum, Mich. . Bor. 1 90; Sp d D"
of 4-1 comose in fruit by elongate bristles, style 3-fid, nut trigonous ellip-
*oldaeute smooth brown. Boeck. in Linnwa, xxxvi. 731. 8. W ichurai,
"eck, l. c. 799. Eriophorum cyperinum, Linn. Sp. PI. 77; Benth. in Gen.
‘Mi. 1052, Trichophorum cyperinum, Pers. Syn. i. 69. l

Kasra, alt. 2500-6000 ft., common. Assam, Jenkins, E. HIMALAYA, Griffith.
~“ISTRIB. E. Asia, N. America. .
labrous, except pedicels. Stems 2-6 ft. Leaves up to 18 by à inch. Bracts
Vera], often longer than inflorescence. Umbel 4-12 in. in diam. S pikelets } in,
many fd., ellipsoid, brown. Glumes small, ovate, acute. Bristies 6-5, ultimately

663 CLXXII. CYPERACEÆ. (C. B. Clarke.) [ Scirpus.

2—4 times nut, slender, brown, smooth below, near apex thickened papillose-scabrous.
Anthers not crested. Nut small, 4-2 glume, shortly beaked.

22. S. chinensis, Munro in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald, 423; spikelets
clustered, bristles 3 slender or 0, style 2-fid, nut compressed ovoid Ka Pl.
smooth pale. Benth. Fl. Hongk. 395. S. sylvaticus, Strachey oe s
Kumaon, 73. S. ternatanus, Reinw., Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. m. ` |- »
Eriophorum var. conglomeratus, Boeck. in Herb. Berol—Hypolytrum,
Wall. Cat. 3404 D (partly).

From Coup: and Kumaon, alt. 0-5500 ft. Strachey d Winterbottom to
MUNEYPOOR, Watt, and MABTABAN, Wallich.—DistRIB. China, Bonin Isles. ewamps

Glabrous, except ultimate rays of umbel. Stems 2-7 ft., solitary, vabrous on
often stoloniferous, Leares long, often overtopping stem, 3 in. broad, sca t up to
margins and keel. Umbel 4-8 in. diam., divaricate; bracts several, lowes obtuse
20 in. Spikelets in clusters of 3-15, small, about } in., many-fld., ellipsoid, da
brown. Glumes concave, ovate, obtuse. Bristles often 0, sometimes iG lets
overtopping nut, as long as glume, ultimately scarcely elongate not twiste = rarely
uot comose), smooth, minutely papillose-scabrous near tbe top. Stamens ` ically `
3; anthers scarcely crested. Nut à glume, smooth or sometimes micro ending
verrucose.— The leaf-sheaths are long, occasionally perforated at base by des
shoots (aerial stolons) covered with small ovate scales.

. i ingle

Sect. 6. MICHELIANI. Low, tufted, leafy. Spikelets small, in à ye

head, bracts long. Glumes scarcely acute, not notched. Bristles 0. Style
long, or branches long, continuous with the smooth nut.

23. S. kyllingioides, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 792; spikelets voy
small, style 3-fid, nut oblong-obovoid obtuse smooth brown or micro-
Isolepis kyllingioides, A. Rich. Tent, Fl. Abyss. ii. 502. Kyllinga
cephala, Steud. Syn. Cyp. 70 (excl. the Obs.). go;

DrmHna Dnoow; Vicary. Mr. ABoo, alt. 3000 ft., and Goona, King tT Sav
Vicary. HYDRABAD; Campbell. Canara; Young.—DistRis. Trop. An der long

Glabrous. Stems 4-10 in., slender, base thickened, sometimes with p» ikelets;
stolons. Leaves }-3 stem, very narrow, green. Head i in. diam., of 5-1 P nthers
bracts 1-3 in., leaf-like. Stamens 2 (3 fide Boeckeler); filaments scabro; (some-
short oblong, not crested, Style slender, not longer than nut, branches ^d. minute
times 2 fide Boeckeler). Nut 4 glume, equally trigonous or Sort ily known
apiculate; outermost cells subhexagonal, ultimately often punctate.— Mas y

. . like à
from the next species by its small head of very small spikelets, but 1 very li
small Kyllinga,

24. S. Michelianus, Linn. Sp. Pl. 76 ; spikelets numerous dense y
compound-capitate, style 2-fid (very rarely 3-fid), nut oblong or ni l
obovoid subacute smooth yellow-brown. Reichb. Je, Fl. Germ. m. Sch.
312; Boeck. in Flora, liv. 158, 159. Isolepis Micheliana, Roem. fo Ll.
Syst. ii. 114; C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 29, 90, t Gen. Pl.
Cyperus pygmeus, var. 8, Boeck. in Linneea, xxxv. 494; Benth. A usarius,
i1. 1044 (partly). C. diffusus, Rozb. Fl. Ind. i. 189 (excl. syn). C. , Wight
Herb. Ham. ; Wall. Cat. n.3325 A. Dichostylis Micheliana, Nees “
Contrib. 94.—1solepis, Wall. Cat. 3484 A, B.

Throughout BRITISH INDIA; from Kashmir to Tenasserim, commo
Europe, Asia, Algeria, r than

Annual, tufted, glabrous. Stems 1-8 in., triquetrous. Leaves often ong?" chilla
stem. Head 1-$ in. diam., bracts several long leaf-like. Spikelets ii y . anthers
of spikelet marked spirally by the lozenge-shaped scars. Stamens usually imidal at
hardly crested. Style about as long as nut. Nut À glume, shortly DI

n, —DISTRIP:

Scirpus. ] CLXXIL CYPERACEX. (C. B. Clarke.) 663

both ends; outer cells subhexagonal, ultimately lax hyaline (so that a nut appears
microscopically hyaline-margined).— Ripe examples of this species, with fallen glumes,
are easily seen to belong to Scirpus not Cyperus; but young small examples are
difficult to distinguish from Cyperus pygmeus.

Sect. 7. Micrantur. Small tufted annuals. Stems with few short
leaves near base. Spikelets 1-4, capitate, lateral dense-fld. Bristles 9.
yle very short, branches short, recurved. Anthers small, oblong.

25. S. Isolepis, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 499; stem setaceous with
one spikelet, glumes obovate obtuse, style 2-fid, nut oblong-obovoid smooth
reticulate, black. Hemicarpha Isolepis, Nees in Edinb. N. Phil. Journ.

mvi. 263, and in Wight Contrib. 92.
BzNcAL; Grifith. BEHAR; J. D. H. CHOTA NaGPORE; alt, 2000 ft., C. B.
rke. Deccan PENINSULA; Wight.—DISTRIB. Africa.

Glabrous. Stems 4-4 in. Leaves 1-2, i-l in. linear. Spikelet Jeck in.,
rectangularly divaricate, 20-40-fld.; bract 2-1} in., erect, as though continuing
stem, Glumes rhomboid, deciduous, rarely minutely mucronate. A thin hyaline
obovate irregular scale as long ‘as nut (very rarely 2 scales) is sometimes present,
0 lique lateral between nut and glume. Stamen 1, lateral. Style less than } nut,
eciduous, style-base not dilated. Nut a little shorter than glume, biconvex.

26. S. squarrosus, Linn. Mant. 181; stem slender with few spike-
lets, glumes narrowly obovate long-caudate, style 3-fid, nut narrowly
“ovoid smooth reticulate yellow-brown or finally black. Rottb. Descr. et
k. 49, t. 17, fig. 5; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 222; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 734.
Isolepis squarrosa, Roem. & Sch. Syst. ii. 111; Nees in Wight Contrib.
06; Tha, Enum. 350; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 286. Ascolepis tenuior,
Steud. Syn. Cyp. 105. Lipocarpha microcephala, Hance in Ann. Sc. Nat.
m 5, v. 249.—Isolepis, Wall. Cat. 3477, 3478 B.—Rheede Hort. Mal. xii.

Throughout EASTERN PENINSULA, PuNJAB, alt. 0-6000 ft., and Assam to
Ü£Y1ox.— DISTRIB. Trop. Africa, Madagasc., Java, China. .

Glabrous. Stems 2-16 in. Leaves short, in the Indian specimens commonly
-2 in., linear. Spikelets 1-10 (usually 2-4) capitate, divaricate, à-l in., densely
softly echinulate from tails of glumes, Glumes very many, caducous, small,
ATOW]y obovate, suddenly narrowed into the ligulate curved subobtuse tail.
Stamen 1, sometimes 2 ; anthers not crested. Style scarcely 4 nut, deciduous, style-

Scarcely dilated. Nut a little shorter than glume (without its tail), nearly

Fegülarly trigonous.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES OF SCIRPUS. ;

s. QUADRANGULUs, Don Prodr.40. Sc. Donianus, Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 28;
Perennial; stem là ft. strict, 4-gonal, base sheathed by 2-3 leaves; leaves linear
Tock often longer than the stem, channelled, keeled beneath, smooth below, scabridly

toothed on the margin towards the apex; umbel compound, proliferous, not a little
e Juncus acutiflorus, shorter than the 5-leaved involucre; spikelets sma d ate
Wn; few-fld. glumes ovate concave mucronulate; style not jointed on the ovary.

Alps of Nepal, Wallich.

11. £RIOPHORUIM, Linn.
Glabrous, ith 1 only near base. (Corymb of few (or 1)
ikelets, or hee ere Spikelets with numerous "ect
wers, Glumes imbricate on all sides. Hypogynous bristles 6, divide
nearly to base, segments ligulate, finally elongate 1e. heads comose.

664. OLXXII. CYPERACER. (C. B. Clarke.) [ Eriophorum.

Stamens 3-1, on the anterior side of nut. Style slender, glabrons, doci-
duous, long (in Sect. Lachnophorum short); branches 3 (accidentally dc
4)long. Nut sessile, trigonous, smooth, dusky black, apex narroweo.
Species 10, Arctic or N. Temperate, except Sect. Lachnophorum.

The genus was well-marked, until Bentham (Gen. Pl. iii. 1052) removed the
comose species of Scirpus (the Sylvatice Sect.) into it, on the ore bristles are
hypogynous bristles are similar. But in each flower of Eriophorum t e Be and in
20-40 (or with 20-40 segments), while in Scirpus, Sect. Sylvatice they ane Bech
their ligulate structure (see Fl. Dan. Suppl. t. 8) they differ greatly 1 Je ir upper
Also, in Scirpus Sect. Sylvatice, the stems have leaf-bearing nodes in a Be
half.—E. filamentosum, Boeck. in Engler Jahrb. v. is Xerotes leucocephala, br.

Sect. I. ERIOPHORUM proper. Leaves moderately long. Style long.

1. E. Scheuchzeri, Hoppe Taschenb. 104; stoloniferous, sheath 27
lacerate, stem bearing 1 spikelet, bracts 0, style 3-fid, nut smooth. / tatum
lc. Fl. Germ. viii. 35, t. 685 ; Boeck. in Linnza, xxxvii. 92. E. capi 1 E
Host Gram. Austr. i. 30, t. 38. E. vaginatum, Curtis Fl. Lond. n. t. de
humile, Turez. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. (1838), 108. E. vaginatum,
humile, F. Nylander in Act. Soc. Sc. Fenn. iii. 13.

tog ine

KASHMIR; alt. 13,000 ft., Lance; C. B. Clarke—Disrers, Arctic ind Alpin
regions. in

Stems 4-12 in. often covered some way up by sheaths. Leaves Lech .
dwarf examples) shorter than stem, edges (in dried specimens) muc (les white,
Spikelet X in., broad ellipscid. Glumes ovate, scarious, and black. Bris “lender;
or ultimately brownish. Anthers not crested. Style longer than nut, very
branches 3, long. Nut 2 glume, trigonous, cylindric ellipsoid or subovoic.

+ jji. 22.
Sect. II. Lacunoruorum, F. Nylander in Acta Soc. Sc. Fenn. n

hort
Leaves numerous, linear, long. “Glumes keeled, acute. Style sh
(branches long).

bel

2. E. comosum, Wall. Cat. 3446 (eccl. var. B); stems robust, "3. d.

compound or decompound, spikelets numerous rusty brown, ii 330;

Nees in Wight Contrib. 110 (excl. var. B); Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. . Nees

Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii, 98. E. arundinaceum, Wall. Od. il 1 234.

l.c. Scirpus comosus, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey and Wa an :
S. elongatus, Ham. ex Don Prodr. 40. Trichophorum comosur

l Vall, Cat.
arundinaceum, Strachey Cat. Pl. Kumaon, 73.—Eriophorum, Wall
3447, partim.

Very common; from SIND and the Hrmataya, alt. 0—10,000 ft. t
CHITTAGONG, and Burma.—Distris. Tonkin, China. Leaves often

Glabrous. Rhizome hardly any. Stems 4-20 in., slender, tough k, ultimately
overtopping stem, harsh, edges serrulate; lower sheaths chestnut-black, o: bracts
often lacerate. Umbel 2-8 in. diam.; spikelets mostly solitary, often 5
very long, often 8-12 in. Spikelets }-} in., narrowly ellipsoid, many" h-red crest:
acute or obtuse, green on back. 4nfhers with lanceolate scabrous hig
Style shorter than nut. Nut 1-3 glume, oblong-ellipsoid, trigonous, pen dpodiopog?
brown-black.—In Wallich Cat. n. 3447 the woolly rhizome of fü db
angustifolius, Trin. is mixed; hence Eriophorum cannabinum, Royle 4^
Spodiopogon angustifolius. j

m 2-6 1D"

3. E. microstachyum, Boeck. in Linnæa, xxxviii. 399; steg, A E
slender with 1-3 subcapitate chestnut-brown spikelets, sty’
comosum, D nanum, Nees in Wight Contrib. 110.

o SAUGOP

Erophorum.] CLXXII, CYPERACER. (C. B. Clarke.) 665

ALPINE HIMALAYA, alt. 8-16,000 ft.; head of Jumna Valley, Jacquemont;
Nynee Tal, Thomson ; Chupcha in Bhotan, Griffith.

This may be regarded as a depauperated alpine form of E. comosum; but the
examples are numerous, exactly alike, from distant localities ; and there are wanting
intermediate forms.

12. FUIRENA, Hai,

Stem bearing leaves or leaf-like bracts even in its upper half. Leaves
grass-like, base sheathing. Spikelets clustered, with numerous perfect
flowers, tabescent at top. Glumesimbricate on all sides, strongly aristate,

ary in upper half. Hypogynous bristles 6 (3 in the position of sepals, 3
of petals) or much reduced, or 0; 3 sepals bristle-like, 3 petals (in the
typical species) battledore-shaped. Stamens 3 anticous, or 2. Style long,
slender, glabrous, finally deciduous ; branches 3, long. Nut small, obovoid,
or ovoid, triquetrous, more or less stalked, smooth reticulated or trabecu-
late, usually narrowed at top often with a minute beak (which may be the
persistent style-base).—Species 25, scattered all warm regions.

The spikelets with the stem leafy in upper half, are like no other sedges but the

d tatice section of Scirpus, from which Fuirena is known by its strongly aristate
umes,

li Sect. I. Pseupo-Scrrpvus. Three inner hypogynous bristles (petals)
mear or narrow, or more often 0.

LS, pubescens, Kunth Enum. ii. 182; spikelets in a terminal
cluster (axillary clusters not rarely added), hypogynous bristles 0 or
rudimentary linear, style 3-fid, nut smooth white not (or most minutely
obscurely) reticulated. Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 104 (excl. all Indian
‘yus. and specimens). Scirpus pubescens, Lam. IUl. i. 139; Desfont. Fl.
lant. i. 52, t. 10. Carex pubescens, Poir. Voy. en Barb. ii. 254. C.
retii, Linn. Syst. [ed. Gmelin] ii. 140. Isolepis pubescens, Roem. d
Beh. Syst. ii. 118;

PUNJAB; Thomson (Herb, Brit. Mus.).—DisrRIB. S.W. Europe, all Africa.
Rhizome creeping, short. Stems 12-20 in., triquetrous, glabrous except at top.
Leaves 2-8 by 4 in., glabrous or hairy. Spikelets in clusters of 5-1, ovate-oblong,
i m. long; bracts as long as spikelets (occasionally very much longer). Gunes
wid black or glaucescent, often somewhat regularly 5-ranked. Nut subsessile ;
Pyramidal, minutely scabrous.

2. F. Wallichiana, Kunth Enum. ii. 182; spikelet-clusters cory mbed,
hYpogynous bristles 0 or linear (see also var.), nut slenderly striate longi-
tudinally finely trabeculate between strim. F. cuspidata, Kunth l. c, 187 j

az, & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 286. F. pubescens, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 10
QU Indian syns. and specimens, not of Kunth). Scirpus cuspidatus,

th. Nov. Pl. Sp. 31.—Fuirena, Wall. Cat. 3545.

N.W. In (ch; Sutledge Valley, Thomson. CENTRAL
Innia ; Goona, “to. Kin Men ; Duthie. Poona; Jacquemont. BOMBAY,
Hardly dist ishable from F. pubescens, Kunth, but by the elegantly striate
gut, an more compoundedly eorymlose inflorescence. Leaves and sheaths glabrous.
pauls often $-2 nut, linear, often unequal, retrorsely scabrous or smooth, often ' .
stals always 0 (exce] tin var). Wut ellipsoid, triquetrous, narrowed at both ends,
Yellow brown or testaceons : beak small, pyramidal, hardly scabrous ; outermost
tells transversely oblong, superimposed regularly in longitudinal series.

666 OLXXII. CYPERACEE. (C. B. Clarke.) [ Fuirena.

Var. evoluta; petals narrowly elliptic 3-nerved shortly stalked with long

linear papillose-scabrous arista, overtopping nut.—Rajpootana; Merwar, Duthie
(n. 4919).

Sect. 2. Furrena proper. Three inner hypogynous bristles (petals)
obovate or subquadrate, broad-headed.

. az ikelets

3. F. glomerata, Lam. Ill. i. 150; annual, clusters of spi
1-3 approximate, petals clawed with subquadrate heads, style 3-fd ay
ovoid smooth pale. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 328; Thw. Enum. ch aris,
in Linnea, xxxvii. 107. F. canescens, Vahl Enum. ii. 389. ` Mi Fl.
Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 180. F. Rottboellii, Nees in Wight Contrib. 94; Mig, H
Ind. Bat. ii. 329. Scirpus ciliaris, Linn. Mant. 182; Rottb. D tatus,
55, t. 17, fig. l. S. pilosus, Retz Obs. vi. 19 (not of Thund.). 8. aristatus,
Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 800.—Fuirena, Wall. Cat. 3544 (partly).

A
Throughout warmer INDIA, very common in rice-fields, from | Hut n
to CEYLON and the MALAY FENINSULA.—DisTRIB. Trop. Africa, 5.4. ,
Australia. in.
Usually hairy, sometimes (except inflorescence) glabrate. Stems $- p»
Spikelets in clusters of 3-10, 2 by 1 in. ; bracts not much overtopping ¢ ft n as long as
linear, as long as nut or short, smooth or scabrous at top. Petals o “th 3 minute
nut; lamina quadrate, cordate or hastate at base, 3-nerved, brown w1

. uns lindric
teeth at top, glabrous or minutely hairy at top. Nut triquetrous ; beak o
sometimes minutely hispid.

ikelets

4. F. uncinata, Kunth Enum. ii. 184; annual, clusters of spike

1-3 approximate (one distant sometimes added), glumes strong Jat ovoid

aristate, petals clawed broadly obovate pubescent on margin, n ciliaris

smooth brown. Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 108 (not Thw.). tus Willd.

Nees in Wight Contrib. 93; Thw. Enum. 347, Scirpus uncia uncinata,
Sp. Pl. i. 300. S. capitatus, Burm. Fl. Ind. 91. Isolepis u

Roem. & Sch. Syst. ii. 111.—Fuirena, Wall. Cat. 3544 A and D (part
Pluk. Alm. 190, fig. 7.

. Moom
DECCAN PENINSULA; Rottler, Ze, Canara; Thomson, CEYLON; '
Thwaites (C.P. 3038), &c. : trorse-
Stems 4-8 in., hairy upwards. Sepals linear, shorter than nut, minutely T Other-
scabrous or smooth. Petals nearly as long as nut, scarcely hastate a ished by the
wise as F. glomerata, to which it is closely allied, but readily distingu
strong hooked bristles to the glumes.

. 1-3
5. F. Trilobites, C. B. Clarke; annual, clusters of sp awn’
approximate, petals very long-clawed with lunate heads long T
date at base on each side, style 3-fid, nut ovoid smooth pale.

il.
Deccan PENINSULA. Secunderabad; Wight; near H ydrabad, Copie
same locality, and probably one collection. m.;
Noted by Wight as perhaps a var. of Rottboetli i.e. of F. dono an in
petals are different and remarkable. Spikelets rather slenderer a
glomerata), glumes blacker with longer green ariste. Petals as long

bead at top semicircular entire, their two lower angles long-produced
cuspidate.

(Ti

: cree
6. F. umbellata, Rottb. Descr. et Ic. 70, t. 19, fig. 3; rhizome tals

ing woody, clusters of spikelets often many in an elongate pani ish
obovate subsessile, style 3-fid, nut ovoid smooth pale or finally

Fuirena.] CLXXII, CYPERACEX. (C. B. Clarke.) 667

Tho. Enum, 347 ; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 110. F. paniculata, Lam. TU.
1150, t. 39. F. pentagona, Nees in Wight Contrib. 93; F. quinquan-
gularis, Hassk. in Flora, xxv. (1842) Beibl. 3. F. uncinata, Thw. l.c. 347
(not of Kunth).—Fuirena, Wall. Cat. 3542, 3543.

Throughout INDIA, except the drier North-west, alt. 0-3000 ft.—DISTRIB. All
warm (not too dry) countries.

Stolons hardening into rhizomes, clothed by ovate-lanceolate striate scales,
¢pals much shorter than nut, linear, glabrous or retrorse-scabrous, often 0. Petals
nearly as long as nut, 3-nerved, minutely hairy, truncate at top and often notched
"times with a minute mucro in the notch.—Generally known from F. glome-
rata by the more compound corymb—an unsafe character; when the rhizome is
wanting, dried examples can be certainly distinguished only by the shape of petals.

13. LIPOCARPHA, Br.

Glabrous. Stem leafy only near base, bearing a single head of few
(usually 1-6) spikelets. Spikelets with very many hermaphrodite flowers,
tabescent at top. Glumes imbricated on all sides, deciduous leaving the
Persistent rhachilla marked by lozenge-shaped scars. Squamelle 2, an
anticous and posticous, hyaline, elliptic, as long as nut (formed out of
coalescent hypogynous bristles). Stamens 3-1, anticous; anthers small,

hear-oblong, muticous. Style small, slender, glabrous, shortly 2-fid

(sometimes 3-fid) scarcely exsert. Nut small, oblong or ovoid, plano-

convex, smooth, reticulated, finally brown-black.—Species 13, warm
ons,

This genus in habit, inflorescence, rhachilla of spikelet, style and nut, is ex-
sively like (and really closely allied to) Scirpus Sect. Micranthe ; from which it
oly differs in the squamellz standing fore and aft, not laterally. These squamellz
te hyaline, cling to the nut, and are difficult to see.

l. L. argentea, Br. in Append. Tuckey Congo, 459; spikelets 1-8
pale or fuscous, nut mueh shorter than squamella, style linear 3-fid as
long as 3-2 nut. Tw. Enum. 347; Strachey Cat. Pl. Kumaon, 73; Boeck.
n Linnea, xxxvii. 114 (excl. American examples) L. levigata, Nees in
Wight Contrib, 99. Hypelyptum argenteum, Vahl Enum. ii. 283. Tunga
“gata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 183. Kyllinga albescens, Steud. Syn. Cyp. 68;
Fl. Ind Bat, iii. 294.—Lipocarpha, Wall. Cat. 3445 F, G, H.

8 From the WESTERN HIMALAYA, alt. 0-6000 ft.; and Assam to CEYLON and
INGAPORE,— D)rsrRrD, Trop. and sub-trop. Old World.

lo Rhizome hardly any. Stems 4-24 in., obtusely trigonous, smooth. Leaves as
ng as stem or much shorter, Ae in. broad. Spikelets up to i by im; bracts often

dr .Glumes obovate, apex obtusely triangular incurved. Nut sessile, obovoid or
lipsoid obtuse. . .

2.Y.s hacelata, Kunth Enum. ii. 267; spikelets 1-8 black-purple
Tif pale Usually purple spotted, nut nearly as long as squamellz, style
tad short 3-fid.” Thw. Enum. 347; Boeck. in Linnza, xxxvii. 116. _ L.

ceps, Nees in Wight Contrib. 92. Hypelyptum sphacelatum, Vahl

num, ii. 283, H. ceylanicum, Nees in Linnea, 1x. 288. Tunga triceps,
Roxb, Fl. Ind. i, 188. Scirpus hemisphzricus, Roth. Nov. Pl. Sp. 29.
By pelytrum triceps, Dietr. Sp. Pl. ii. 363.—Lipocarpha, Wall. Cat. 3444.

as ironghont IxDrA (except the dry N.-West), alt. 0-2000 ft., from NEPAL and
*X to CEYLON and 'TAvoy.—DisTRIB. Trop. Africa and America.

668 CLXXIL OYPERACEX. (C. B. Clarke.) ` [Lipocarpha.

Very like L. argentea, but can usually be distinguished by the more purple
heads, It is largely confused in collections with L. argentea, but can be satistuctonly
separated by the shorter squamellz and style.

3. L. microcephala, Kunth Enum. ii. 268; spikelets 4-1 pale a
fuscous squarrose, glumes acuminate tip excurrent recurved, style 118:
nutlinear-oblong as long as squamelle. Boeck. in Linnea, DUM d
Debeau Fl. Tehefou,140, t. 3, fig. 2. L. Zollingeriana, Boeck. m d
xli. 100. Hypslyptum microcephalum, Br. Prodr. 220. Ascolep
kyllingioides, Steud. Syn. Cyp. 105.

SINGAPORE ; Ridley.—DisTRIB. S.E. Asia, Australia. weak.

Glabrous. Stems 4-10 in., slender. Leaves 4-3 length of stem, uri rh two
Glumes ovate, scarcely obovate, acuminate. Spikelets smaller than in
preceding species.

14. RYNCHOSPORA, Vahl.

Plants varying much in size and habit. Leaves long, narrow, SRI
letsin l or more heads, or panicled, often clustered. Glume o lowest
lower more or less distichous, upper spirally imbricated; t tect nut-
(sometimes more) empty, fourth usually longer containing à pa thinner
bearing flower ; uppermost more or less tabescent, male or steri è fourt
in texture rounder on back than nut-bearing glume; above the lame
glume another (in R. Sikkimensis 2-4 more) similar nut-beanng E rior.
follows. Hypogynous bristles often present. Stamens 3 (or 2-1), ant a
Style long, linear, glabrous, branches 2, long or short, sty le-base, le-base
Nut oblong or ovoid, compressed, beaked by the persistent B OS 0
(clearly distinguishable from nut).—Species 150, in the warmer reg.
the world, specially numerous in America.

m iyle
Series A. HarrosrYugm, Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. m. 1059. Sty
very shortly 2-fid, or almost undivided.

visi tems
. Division I. Carrraræ. Spikelets in a single terminal head. P
with leaves only near the base.

vat. Cur.
_ Sect. I. Sprmroscuamnvs (Genus), Nees in Nov. Act. Acad. eer?
xix. Suppl. i. (1843), 97. Spikelet bearingonenut. Glwmes Sp, g

as DD
Nut laterally compressed ie. flattened with one edge next am!
Pycreus).

ra);

l. R. Wallichiana, Kunth Enum. ii. (1837), 289 (Bag
stems slender, head globose dense brown, bracts longer than houlders-
very shortly 2-fid, nut obovoid smooth or minutely scabrous SE Boeck.
Benth. Fl. Hongk. 396 and Fl. Austral, vii. 349; Thw. Enum. Ls
in Linnea, xxxvii. 542 (excluding American examples). R.H 75 N
Hel. Hænk. i. 199. Schonus ruber, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 1. d in Wight
Wallichii, Nees in Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 1834 (n. 34) 265 0. 295 and Y»
Contrib. 115. Haplostylis Meyenii, Nees in Linnexa, 1X. (1834), ntrib. 15
Edinb. New Phil. Journ, 1834 (n. 34) 265, and im Wight Cont Acad.
(partly). Sphæroschænus Wallichii, Arnott & Nees in Nov. s Le 1

at. Cur. xix. Suppl. i. 97. Cephaloschæœnus parvus, ^i ii, 69.7
Mariscus umbellatus var. procerior, Zoll. Verz. Ind. Arcup.
Rynchospora, Wall. Cat. 3422, 3428.

Rynchospora.| out, cYPERACEE. (C. B. Clarke.) 669

NEPAL ard Assam to CEYLON, NICOBARS, Kurz and MALACCA.—DISTRIB. Trop.
Africa, S.E. Asia to Japan, Malaya, trop. Australia.

Stems tufted, 4-24 in., trigonous, striate, smooth; stolons 0. Leaves several,
] stem, $ in, broad, flat, minutely scabrous, glabrous or sometimes hairy. Spikelets

90 in a head, 3-3 in. diam.; bracts 3-8, 1-3 in., glabrous or villous-ciliate.
Glumes 6-7 ; 3 (or 4) lowest empty, ovate, scarcely acute; fourth longer containing
1 perfect flower, fifth containing a sterile (or no) flower; seventh glume (when
present) narrow, thin, rudimentary. Hypogynous bristles sometimes 6 as long as
aut, brown, scabrous (teeth pointing upwards) sometimes 6-4 half as long less
scabrous, sometimes rudimentary or 0. Stamens 2, less often 3; anthers linear-
oblong, crested. Mut 4 glume; beak narrow conic, i-i nut, pale, smooth or rarely
scabrous,

Sect. 2. HaPLosrYLIS (Genus), Nees in Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. xix.
Suppl. i. (1843), 101. Spikelet bearing one nut. Glumes obscurely disti-
chous. Nut dorsally compressed i.e. flattened with one face next axis (as
m Juncellus).

2. R. Wightiana, Steud. Cyp. (1855), 148 (Rhynchospora); spikelets
abont 1 in., hypogynous bristles 6 scabrous, style very shortly 2-fid, nut

ear-oblong black minutely white dotted. Boeck. in Linnæa, xxxvii.
(1873), 544. Haplostylis Wightiana, Nees in Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur.
Ux. Suppl. i. (1843), 101. .

Mapmas PENINSULA, from Poona, Jacquemont and Cuunpa, Duthie, to
Lon, Wight.—DisTRIB. Cochin China. (Also a var. in Brasil.)
Stems tufted, 4—24 in., slender, trigonous, glabrous; stolons 0. Leaves several,
stem, A, in. broad, glabrous, or scarcely ciliate. Spikelets numerous, in a
se rusty brown head } in. diam.; bracts 3-6, 2-6 in., ciliate on margins near
` Glumes 6-7; 3 (or 4) lowest small empty, fourth longer with perfect nut-
“ring flower, upper male or rudimentary. Bristles rigid, as long as nut (some-
times twice as long), brown, minute teeth pointing upwards. Nut 3 glume,
s times ornamented by scattered papille ; beak 4 nut, pale, decurrent on margins
nut,

3. R. longisetis, Br. Prodr. (1810), 230 (Rhynchospora); spikelets
arly $ in., hypogynous bristles 3 scabrous 3 plumose, style very shortly
fd, nut linear-obovoid brown. Boeck. in Linnæa, xxxvii. 541; Benth.
` k Austral. vii. 350. R. Prescottiana, Wall. Cat. 8423. NM
“ngisetis, Poir. Encycl. Suppl. ii. 959. Cephaloschcenus longisetis, Nees
m innza, ix. 996. "d. longirostris, Nees? in Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur.
"x, Suppl. i. (1843), 101 in Obs.

& Borxa; Prome, Wallich n. 3423; Karenia and Pegu, Kurz; Nummayan, R.

ovt.— DIsTRIB. ralia, .
Closely resembling. R. Wightiana, but heads larger. Hypogynous bristles
Usually twice nut (exclusive of beak), in the upper half all are simply scabrous with
neth pointing upwards, in the lower half the 3 inner (petals) are nearly glabrous,
the 3 outer (sepals) densely plumose. Nut nearly j in., often minutely bristly “al
shoulders ; beak 2 nut, conic-oblong, not decurrent on nut. [There are several
Boen lied Australian species included under R. longisetis both by Bentham an

eler.]

Division II. PorycernaLs. Spikelets in distant dense globose heads.

Ste i —(The other species of this
Die with nodes and leaves far above base.—['T d ces, an Thave the nut

Vision form th haloschenus proper of
orsally compresi. but the single Indian sp. has the nut laterally
“mpressed i.e. is closely allied to R. Wallichiana.]

670 CLXXIL CYPERACEE. (C. B. Clarke.) — [ Rynchospora.

4. R. malasica, C. B. Clarke; globose spikes 2-6 distant spiked
or racemed, spikelets 1-fld., hypogynous bristles 5-6 twice as long as nnt
capillary smooth, style very shortly 2-fid, nut obovoid smooth chestnu
colrd. beak narrowly conic pale.

MALAY PENINSULA; Malacca, Grifith (Kew n. 6358); Singapore, Ridley.—
DISTRIB. Borneo. uu

Stems nearly 2 ft. Leaves often overtopping stem, $j in. broad, glabrous t
scabrous pilose; bracts all similar to leaves, lowest sometimes 4 in. from the S
Spikes 4-2 in. diam. of about 15 spikelets. Spikelets } in., constructed ^ pus
Wallichiana. Nut } glume, biconvex; beak nearly as long as nut, smooth,
narrow.

Division III. Panicunat®. Paniculate. Spikelets solitary or clustered:
Stem robust, with nodes and leaves (or bracts) far above base.—CalyP
stylis (Genus), Nees in Linnea, ix. (1834), 295, is part of this Division.

5, R. aurea, Vahl Enum. ii. 229; robust, nearly glabrous with.
out stolons, spikelets numerous in several corymbs, style very sie d
2-fid, nut obevoid truncate, beak as long as nut, and nearly as m
base. Benth. Fl. Hongk. 396, and FI. Austral. vii. 349; Mig. A». ^v
Bat. ii. 936; Thw. Enum. 352; Boeck. in Linnæa, XXXV o “998:
articulata, Roem. § Sch. Syst. Mant. ii. 49; Dalz. & Gibs. Bom). 4 ad ir.
Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iti. 337. Scirpus corymbosus, Linn. Amen. 39 EI
308. Schænus articulatus, Rows. Fl. Ind. i. 184 [ed. Wall. l ii a
surinamensis, Rottb. Descr. et Ic. 68, t. 21, fig. 1. Calyptrostylis latus,
Nees in Mart. Brasil Cyp. 138, t. 13. Cephaloschoenus SCH, 115.
Nees in Edinb. New Phil. Journ. (1834), 266, and in Wight C ull. Cat.
tens, Herb. Wight; Wall. Cat. 3371 A.—Rynchospor Wat

Throughout Iwp1A (except the north-west), in the hot region,
SIKKIM and Assam to CEYLON and SiNGAPORE.—DisTRIB. Warm reg
globe. : ts) their
Stems 2-3 ft., smooth or scabrous upwards, with leaves (or leaf-like DO at
whole length. Leaves 1-2 ft. by 4-1 in., on margins (and often on Kes ts mostly
scabrous. Panicle often 1 ft. long, composed of 3-5 corymbs. Spiker smaller,
solitary, rusty-brown, about } in. long. Glumes about 7; lowest 3 (or ) flower ;
ovate, sometimes mucronate; fourth glume longer, subobtuse, with pe ut simply
upper glumes male or sterile. Hypogynous bristles 6, as long 3$ ` minutely

scabrous, not rarely unequal or some deficient. Style exceedingly long iy wavy;

dant; from
aba ions of tbe

bifid at tip. Nut Ab in., 4 glume, smooth, reticulated or trans hardly
beak pale, flattened, more or less grooved longitudinally on each face, furrows on its

exsert from glumes.—In the American forms the nut has usually tw
shoulders and 2 pits (sometimes large) on its back; in the Asia
furrows and pits are often just ** indicated," often entirely absent.

6. R. triflora, Vahl Enum. ii. 232; somewhat robust, le very
glabrous, stolons often present, spikelets in loose corymbs, $ 7 longer
shortly 2-fid, nut ellipsoid truncate transversely undulate, bea lonicà:
than nut linear pyramidal. Boeck. in Linnza, xxxvii. 625., R. COF gorus:
Kunth Enum. ii. 294. R. zeylanica, Thw. Enum. 352. Scirpus Ne in
Poir. Encycl. Suppl. i. 248. QCephaloschemnus Zeylanicus, i
Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 1834, 265, and in Wight Contrib. 115.

piorhynchium triflorum, Nees in Mart. FI. Bras. ii. (pars 1) 136 in no%

CEYLON; Thwaites n. 3036, Macrae.—DisTR1B. Tropical America. ms leave?
Stolons rather slender, clothed by ovate striate straw-colrd. scales. ,

tic plants thes?

Rynchospora.] OLXXII. cYPERACEE. (C. B. Clarke.) 671

spik : .

pts as in R. aurea, but more slender ; spikelets more clustered, less numerous

pically Wier open panicle. Mut hardly à in., brown, smooth or microsco-
se 3 :« 7 7 :

narrower than nut) muriculate; beak at base very narrowly pyramidal, much

7. R. Hookeri, Boeck. in Linnxa, xxxvii. 62
. , . 621 (Rhynchospora) ;
very at robust, nearly glabrous, spikelets in loose co ymbs, style
CH s ortly 2-fid, nut obovoid chestnut-colrd. smooth suddenly narrowed
artien] very small cylindric neck, beak linear as long as nut. Schcenus
HE atus, Buch. Ham. ms. ((not of Roxb.).—Rynchospora, Wall. Cat.

Tai INDIA ; alt. 0-300 ft. Assam; Seebsagur, C. B. Clarke, Ze, Sylhet
Tangle C n Hooker, North Bengal; Nathpur, Hamilton, Wallich; Mudhopoor
adio D: Clarke ; Pegu, Brandis (Herb. Calcutta).
nikelets y stoloniferous, lateral shoots push out from base of stem. Stems, leaves,
Es vi nearly as in smaller examples of R. aurea, but corymbs much more
minis g irregular, spikelets 1-5-clustered. Nut Ae in. long, surmounted by the
e neck also chestnut-colrd.; beak greenish-straw-colrd.

ae B. Drriosrectes, Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 1059. Style
(or ley : iced, branches 2 long-linear. [Stem with nodes bearing leaves
panicled]. ^ bracts) far above its base. Spikelets loosely corymbose or
nli, e g£racillima, Thw. Enum. 435 (Rhynchospora), not of Sau-
ar glabrous, very slender, spikelets solitary long-pedicelled panicled
roadie. often 2 nuts, hypogynous bristles 0, style-branches 2 long, nut
oet y obovoid truncate transversely wavy-wrinkled, beak broad depressed.
de e Linnea, xxxvii. (1873), 597; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
508, (1876), pt. i. 159. R. Kamphoeveneri, Boeck. in Engl. Jahrb, v.

Aen. Thwaites n. 3818. KHasIA; J. D. Hooker. NICOBARS; Kurz.—
RE Hongkong.
with 185 fibrous. Stems 2 ft. Leaves 4-12 in., setaceous. Panicle 12 by 3 in.,
owest spikelets. Spikelets + by de in., dusky brown. Glumes 7-8, obtuse, 3 or 4
glume empty shorter, Style long slender, branches 2 as long as style. Nut $
» pale ash-colour ; beak as broad as nut, becoming black, saddle-shaped.

" ?. R. glauca, Vahl Enum. ii. 233; glabrous, panicle narrow,
Tymbs rather small, spikelets numerous bearing 1-2 nuts, hypogynous

Ze Scabrous with teeth pointing upwards, style-branches 2 ong, nut
iroa dly obovoid truncate transversely wavy wrinkled, beak 1-2 nut. Boeck.

R. gracilis, Vahl Enum.
w. Enum, 352 (not of
ck. l. c. 586 (the

~ FARO, xxxvii. 585 (excl. the “ larger” form).

DEN R. laxa, Br. Prodr. 230; R. laxa 8 minor, Th

Ei ) R.chinensis, Nees in Wight Contrib. 115; Boe
asia plants). — Rynchospora, Wall. Cat. 3421.

Kniet, and NinanigI Hits, alt. 4-6500 ft., NEPAL;

Theaites C.P. n. 2396, &c.—DisTRIB. Warm regions of the globe.
woody; lateral shoots (hardly

hizome biennial or perennial, short, becomin
As push out from bab of stem. Stems tufted 1-21 ft., rather slender, nearly

Soth, with nodes throughout their length. Leaves 8-20 by dech MD. nearly
p poth, Panicle 12 by 1-2 in.; axillary corymbs often 2-3, distant, peduncled,
ln diam. Spikelets shortly pedicelled or somewhat clustered à in., with 1
mache * Hypogynous bristles 6 or 5, rigid, brown, usually as long as nut rarely
Shing top of beak. Stamens usually 2; anthers not crested. Nut 4-} glume,

Wallich. CEYLON,

672 CLXXIL CyPERACEH. (C. B. Clarke.) [ Rynchospora

sessile, turgid, chestnut-brown, with 12-18 transverse wrinkles, beak (in the Old
World examples) broadly conie, smooth or nearly so. [The names glauca and
gracilis were published in the same volume. Many authors prefer the gracilis
supposing the species to be Swartz’s Schenus gracilis. But Swartz says his Schon
gracilis had a 8-fid style, so that it was no Rynchospora (except perhaps in sma
part by mixture); Mr. Bentham has hence adopted glauca. ]

Var. B chinensis (sp.) Boeck. 1. c. 586 (not of Nees & Meyen) ; spikelets longer
up to i in. often bearing 2 nuts, beak longer often equalling $ nut, hypogynowe
bristles usually reaching top of beak. R. glauca, Boeck. l.c. 585 (partly). "
lavarum, Hook. & Arn. ‘Bot. Beech. Voy. 98 (not of Gaud.). R. laxa, refer
Enum. 352 (not of Vahl) —Cryton; Thw. (C.P. 677, &c.). TENASSERIM S eje
(Kew Distr. n. 6303), Grifith (Kew Distr. 6302).—D 1sTRIB. Sea-coasts of Madagasc.,
Borneo, China, Sandwich Isles. A maritime form.

10. R. Griffithii, Boeck. in Linnma, xxxvii. 404, nut narrowly
obovoid ellipsoid rounded at top, beak 3 nut, hypogynous bristles reach g
top of beak scabrous; otherwise as R. glauca.

East BENGAL ; Grifith (Kew Distr. 6303). Assam; Grifith. Kuasta; J. D.
Hooker; alt. 4200 ft., C. B. Clarke.

D ia
Var. B LEVISETIS; hypogynous bristles 6 twice nut smooth. R chine
“forma tenuis," Boeck. l. c. 587.—Upper Sikkim; Lachen and Lachoo m 0
10,000 ft, in wet meadows. J. D. H.—A remarkable form, an alpine A Le
R. Grifithii. The nut is narrow, so that Boeckeler's alliance of it with
coast R. chinensis is not satisfactory.

ll. R. sikkimensis, C. B. Clarke; glabrous, pa nous
corymbs rather small, spikelets numerous bearing 3-6 nuts, by pogy owly
bristles 6 scabrous twice nut, style-branches 2 long, nut small Die
obovoid truncate, beak ovoid longer and broader than nut smooth (othe
as R. Griffithii).

UPPER SIKKIM ; Catsuperri Lake, alt. 8000 ft.—J. D. H. — flowers.—
Spikelets i in., fine brown, with 12-18 glumes and 3-8 pistilliferous e. B87,
This plant may be the R. chinensis described by Boeck. in Linnea, Tot agree in

which he says has about 5 fertile flowers to the spikelet; but it h Oona

nicle narrow,

this particular with Thwaites n. 677, which is Boeckeler's type ©

UNDETERMINAL SPECIES OF RYNCHOSPORA.
_ Scirpus (Rynchospora ?) got tts, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. Led, C bel 7-raye
i. 227 ; stems 1-2 ft. hairy, leaves few towards base of stem hairy, e long hairy;
spikelets oblong, glumes ovate subaristate smooth, hypogynous bristles imbristylis?

arey and Wall]

style compressed hairy and ciliate with broad cordate articulate base. Fi

mollis, Kunth Enum, ii. 246.
NEPAL; Wallich. +. toned to the 3
The style being compressed must be assumed to be 2-fid ; this, JOme ted by

long hypogynous bristles, would fix the plant in Rynchospora as soë"
Wallich), but it cannot be referred to any known Indian species of that genus.

15. SCHGENUS, Linn. (in part).
s (except the

Spikelets capitate or panicled; flowers axillary. Glume n
uppermost tabescent) distichous ; 3 (or more) lowest empty, 1-4 follow ni
perfect, nut-bearing, somewhat remote. Hypogynous bristles often p mp
setaceous, not dilated at base. Stamens 3, anterior. Style 3-fid, Bi jn 4
passing into the nut without any constriction below style-base-

Schenus.] CLXXI. CYPERAOEE, (C. D. Clarke.) 673

hollow of the zi d i i
( .Zigzag persistent rhachilla, trigonous.—Species 5 i
Australian; with a few Cosmopolitan, Malayan, J apanese ‘and Chilign I

l. S. nigricans, Linn. S i
" s Linn. Sp. Pl. 64; stem without nodes except n
nd spikelets almost capitate, hypogynous bristles 1-3 nut or nearly oben
n 2 yle. 1 1, nut sessile ovoid smooth marble-white. Boiss. Fl. Orient
P, Ailch. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xviii. 104. Chaetospora nigricans Kunth
num. 11. 323; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxviii. 290.

PUNJAB; Kurum Valle itchi ; Pinwi
mopolitan, except S E. alk y, Aitchison. SIND; Pinwill.—DisrRiB. Nearly cos-
subtereta glabrous. Rhizome horizontal, woody; stolons 0. Stems 4 24 in.,
Spikelets d eaves 4-12 in., often half stem, very narrow with incurved margins.
tect, often iri in. long, in a close distinctly compound head; lowest bract sub.
- brown ks in, Giumes ovate, obtuse, microscopically hispid on keel, chestnut
acutely Dyremidal "es empty, 1-3 next nut-bearing. Nut 45 in ellipsoid, top

thre, 3. calostachyus, Poir. Encycl. Suppl. ii. 251; stem with nodes
Ypo, out its length, spikelets nearly 1 in. long loosely panicled,
o NOM bristles 4 nut white, style 3-fid, nut ovoid slightly tubercular
Sa CG chestnut-black. Benth. Fl. Austral. vii. 368. Chætospora
136 ra ya, Br. Prodr. 233. Cyclocampe waigiouensis, Steud. Syn. Cyp.

- Cyclocarpa waigouensis, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 339.

SINGAPORE ; Ridley—Distr18. Malaya, Australia.
terete me short, horizontal, woody. Stems 1-2) ft., rigid, rather slender, sub-
farce] ower leaves 4-12 by 15. in., glabrous ; sheaths at their mouth scarious,
the GT escent. Panicle 8-16 in. long, with 8-14 spikelets; lower bracts like
chestnut upper reduced nearly to sheaths, Spikelets elliptic-lanceolate, compressed,
margins. A Die Glumes elliptic-lanceolate, scarcely acute, minutely hairy on
der i -8 lowest empty, densely packed; 3-2 following nut-bearing, distant on

ag rhachilla. Nut } in., subsessile, trigonous, curved.

16. CLA DIUM, P. Browne.

nflorescence minutely hairy. Stems round
Leaves equitant, xiphoid or trigonous at

tips M flat. Spikelets panicled, often in sessile clusters at the angles of
ofe 5h ranches, small, with 4-11 glumes. Flowers 1-7, axillary, lowest
ach spikelet perfect, nut-bearing. Glumes imbricate on all sides ; lowest

(usually 2-3) empty, smaller (or not larger) than succeeding 1-3 in-
s male or sterile, tabescent.

Sie perfect flowers; uppermost glume
bran EI nous bristles slender, or small, or 0. Stamens 3-2. Style linear ;
midd] es 3, long; style-base dilated, fused with nut. Nut small or scarcely
able ZZ beak large pyramidal, or smaller umbonate, or undistinguish-

tom nut, or reduced to a speck.—Species 44; one cosmopolitan; the

Test j We . `
nsular or maritime, in both hemispheres.

viti ubgenus I. Evcrapium, Benth. Fl. Austral
at nodes carrying leaves (or leaf-like bracts)
mero ot distichous. Panicle oblong of several corymbs.
us, clustered, most 2-fld., the lower flower nut-bearing.
AS Mariscus, Dr. Prodr. 236; stems 3-8 ft., leaves 3 in. broad
void 28, glumes brown subobtuse, hypogynous bristles 0, style 3-fid. nut
VOL p shining chestnut-colrd. Boeck. in Linnea xxxviii. 232, C.
7 X x

o stont perennials, glabrous or i
attened, leafy or leafless.

. vii. 402. Stems tall, round

their whole length. Leaves
Spikelets nu-

074 CLXXII. OYPERACEX. (C. B. Clarke.) [Cladium.

germanicum, Schrad. Fl. Germ, i. 75, t. 5, fig. 7. C. jamaicense, Crantz
Inst, i. 362. Schoenus Mariscus, Linn. Sp. PI. i. 62.

Kasmurn ; Lake, alt. 5200 ft., Jacquemont, &c.—DIsTRIB. Cosmopolitan. `.

Glabrous, stoloniferous, Leaves often nearly equalling stem; teeth on margins
and midrib beneath cutting. Panicle 1-2 ft. long or more; cory mbs distant, several
times corymbosely divided; lower bracts leaf-like, Spikelets usually in globose
clusters of 4-12. 3—1 in., young lanceolate, ripe ovoid, uniform brown. Glumes
6-7, ovate, concave; 3-4 lower empty, smaller; rhachilla abbreviated, persisten .
Stamens usually 2; anthers linear-oblong, crested. Nut scarcely Je in., hard; style-
base ovoid, large, fused into nut, of which the cavity is carried up into style-base.

Subgenus IL. Macmxniva (Genus), Vahl Hnum. ii. 238. Clusters
panicled, mostly sessile at the angles of zigzag branches. Hypogynous
bristles small. Nut more or less stalked, rostrate.

2. C. Maingayi, C. B. Clarke; stems stout flattened, basal lenve
equitant $ in. broad, spikelets dark-red, hypogynous bristles slender longer
than nut, style 3-fid, nut turgid trigonous shortly stalked, beak tong
pyramidal hairy.

Mr. Opnrr (Malacca), alt. 4250 fte, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 6304), Se,

Stems 1-3 ft. Basal leaves several, crowded, often as long as stem; istant
O or occasionally 1. Panicle 12-18 in., oblong; lowest branch often eee
Spikelets 2 in., ovoid, usually bearing 2-4 nuts. Glumes ovate, tip Var,
scarcely acute; 2-3 lowest empty. Hypogynous bristles 6, their upper half t p
clothed with short upward-pointing hairs. Nut An in. long, on a short obpyram!
stalk.—Very near the West Indian Macherina restioides, Vahl.

3. C. undulatum, Thw. Enum. 353; stem long round-trigonons
leaves basal very narrow, spikelets brown, hypogynous bristles P
shorter than nui, style 3-fid, nut sessile ovoid brown. beak very aria
Lepidosperma zeylanienm, Nees im Linnwa, xxxvii. 232. Tricostn "t
fimbristyloides, Benth. Fl. Austral. vii. 384. Carpha junciformis, Bert
tn Linnea, v. 38, 267.

CEYLON, Rottler, Thwaites, Ze, MALAY PENINSULA; Pahang, Ridley.
TRIB. Malaya, Australia. ept

Nearly smooth and glabrous, Stem 1-3 ft., somewhat slender, leafless exe i
near base. Leaves 9-18 by } in., convolute when dry. Panicle 2-12 in., E hort.
varying in development ; branches flexuose or zigzag; lowest bract leaf-like or ® Fect
Spikelets in clusters of 2-5, 1 in. long, ellipsoid, 1-2-fld.; lower flower P mons
nut-bearing. Glumes not distichous; two lowest smaller, empty. Hy pore th
bristles 6, hardly 3 nut, setaceous, base dilated white. Nut scarcely yo 1» Ke s
beak depressed, pyramidal or umbonate, not 4 nut, hairy.—The hypozy? it that
are as of Lepidosperma, but the lower flower producing the nut does not $ Aus-
genus.—Bentham (Fl. Austral. vii. 384) considers the Ceylon, Borneo an
tralian plants here united as three species,

stem leaves

—Dis-

0,
Subgenus TIT. Bavwra (Genus), Gaud. in Freycinet Voy. Bot. 416, ` M
Clusters of flowers panicled, mostly sessile at the angles of 219248 uw dan
Hypogynona bristles 0. Nut nearly or quite sessile, rostrate (1n the®
Species).

ed,

4. €. riparium, Benth. FI, Austral. vii. 405; stems obscurely P ps of
cauline leaves few obscurely xiphoid or subterete, panicle elong? e lax
many spikelets, style ?-fid, nut obovoid round-trigonous SMO? > ij

2n conie minutely hairy. Baumea riparia, Boeck. in Linnma, **

Cladium.] OLXXIL CYPERACEX. (C. B. Clarke.) 675

West AUSTRALIA.

Stolons long, densely clothed by lanceolate striate dirty-straw-colrd. scales.
Stems 3 ft., trigonous, under panicle flattened biconvex. Basal leaves often as long
as stem, hardly i in. broad; in their upper half very variable in form, sometimes
xiphoid (i.e. flat thick in middle without a central nerve), sometimes 3—4-angular or
passing into nearly linear-conic. Panicle 8-12 in. ; lower branches distant; lowest
bract l} in. long; secondary branches flexuose, minutely scabrous-puberulous.
Spikelets in clusters of 1-5, 1 in. long, 2-1-fld., brown; lowest flower perfect, nut-
“wing. Fl. glume ovate-lanceolate, at least as long as the two lower empty glumes,

ut 7a in., sessile, brown; beak } nut.

Var. crassa; stems usually 6 ft. ; spikelets rather larger, densely clustered, 2-4
flowers and 1-3 nuts; styles and filaments conspicuously exserted. Baumea crassa,
Tho, Enum, 353; Boeck. l.c. 238.—BENGAL; Soondreebun, C. B. Clarke. Kuasia,
alt. 5000 ft., Shillong, C. B. Clarke (introduced ?). Ceylon; Prov. Ambagamowa,
Thwaites, C.P. 845.—In the Ceylon examples (crassa type), with which the Bengal
agree, the roots are thick black (the plant probably not stoloniferous), the nuts are
nearly twice as long as in the Australian plant shining brown. But in the Khasi
plant, stolons are generally present and the nuts are like those of C. riparium, Benth,
p.

5. C. glomeratum, Br. Prodr. 237; medium-sized, leaves linear in
Upper half terete or subtrigonous not transversely septate, panicle elongate
narrow interrupted, spikelets clustered, style 3-fid, nut oblong-ellipsuid
obtusely trigonous, beak small ovoid hairy. Kunth Enum. ii. 304; Benth.

Austral, vii. 404 (not Bawmea glomerata, Gaud.) Chapelliera glo-
merata, Nees in Lehm. Pl. Preiss, ii. 76 in Obs. ; Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd.
2 nen 146. Baumea rubiginosa & Brownei, Boeck. in Linnwa, xxxviii.

» 242,

SINGAPORE, Ridley.—DistR1B. China, Japan, Austral., and N. Zeal.

Stolons long, clothed by ovate striated scales, Stems 1-3 ft., nodose throughout
their length. Basal leaves 8-20 in., cauline few short or 0. Panicle 4-10 by
-3in. lowest bract 4-11 in., hardly leaf-like, Spikelets 1-3 together (clusters

often themselves clustered), + in., rusty-brown, 2-4-fld. bearing 1 (rarely 2) nut. 2%.
J'umes ovate acute, keel upwards scabrid, margins conspicuously thinly villous.

17. MICROSCHENUS, Gen. Nov.

A very small, glabrous perennial. g nai
leaves, inflorescence of 1-3 P'ipproximated spikelets. G/umes 6, imbricate

Püches 3. Nut (not well ripe) ellipsoid, trigonous,

M. Duthiei, (C. B. Clarke; stems 1-3 in.

West Himaraya; Gurwhal, Tihri, alt. 15,500 ft., Duthie.
tems tufted ; with very short stolons or short lateral shoots. Leaves 2 or 3 on
"" stem, about 1 in. grass-like ; margins incurved, smooth ; sheaths short. Spike-
tts about l in. ellipsoid ; lowest bract similar to leaves; upper bracts gra ua M
ù r, passing into clumes. Glumes ovate-oblong, concave scarcely Kee e M esi
Béis hardly scarious on edges, <Anthers linear-oblong, not crested, scarcely
r

xx2

676 CLXXIL CYPERACEM. (C. B. Clarke.)

18. LEPIDOSPERMA, Labill.

Glabrous, rigid, robust stoloniferous plants. Stems leafy only, We
base. Panicle of many spikelets, often oblong, contracted. Spike "i
5-10 glumes, of 2-3 axillary flowers, rarely producing more than Nd
lowest flower being always sterile (i. e. maleor pistil imperfect). 5 E»
(even young) similar to the lower empty glumes. Hypogynous e th}
short, ovate with a triangular or setaceous tip. Stamens 3. Sty lab ous
long branches; style-base glabrous or nearly so, fused iuto the g nat
smooth trigonous nut.—Species 36, all Australasian except the present.

L. chinense, Nees & Meyen in Linnea, ix. 302, and in ien
Nat. Cur, xix. (Suppl. i) 117; stems robust terete, leaves mostly long sub.
panicle oblong dense, spikelets clustered, glumes lanceolate ac ‘Boeck.
distichous, style 3-fid, nut Aen in. obtuse. Benth. Fl. Hongk. 398 ;
in Linnea, xxxviii. 329 (excl. L. confine). a Chi

Matacca; Mt. Ophir, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 6115).—Distrrs. S. China.

Stems 2-3 ft. GR Panicle 2-4 by 1 in., very dense, base sarve M
interrupted. Glumes 5-7, lower distichous, 1-2 highest spiral tabescen arce ył
3-2, lowest sterile, upper perfect nut-bearing. Hypogynous bristles « Flowers 3,
length of glume, easily overlooked in young flowers.—Bentham SyS, ich is male,
lowest fertile.” Nees says, * Glumes empty except the penultimate wa “inal thin
and the terminal thin one ? (which Nees supposes nut-bearing). The ter
glume is sterile, the penultimate perfect, nut-bearing.

19. GAHNIA, J. R. & G. Forst.

. ve
Coarse, usually scabrous, perennials. Stem with nodes, bearing wear
or leaf-like bracts throughout its length. Panicle copions, dà. upper
oblong. Spikelets clustered, often black or dark brown, 1-2 yr more
alone nut-hearing. G/umes imbricated on all sides, lower 3-5 (Or altered
empty, keeled, often mucronate, hispid, upper gradually larger, ` sma
1n fruit; the top 3 (or 2) glumes heteromorphous, in young fi deg
(»sually not 3 length of uppermost keeled empty glume) subd hetero-
scarcely nerved, in fruit enlarged rigid brown or black ; lowe eromor-
morphous glume with 3-6 (often 4) stamens or empty, second ty or %
phous glume with 3 stamens perfecting a nut, uppermost enh du
Hypogynous bristles 0. Filaments long (often elongated 10 frui 3 (or 4
the nut); anthers crested. Style slender, glabrous ; branches." poin
long; style-base continuous with pistil, often a small black conic from
to the nut. Mut bony, round or trigonous, sessile. — Species ^^
Singapore to the Sandwich Isles, abounding in Australasia.

. + Colenso in
The structure of the spicula of Gahnia has been recently described PY o those
Trans. N. Zen). Inst. xviii, 278, and by Hillebrand in Flora Hawan, 451. rs

^ ype! =
species (and specimens) which have but one flower in the spikelet, that flower prt
terminal and the three small heteromorphous glumes (scales) appear as
of 3 imbricated sı gments, But the cases where the above three glumes
flowers (both of which may be pistilliferous though only the uppe
negative this explanation.

G. javanica, Voritzi Verz. Zoll. Pë 98; tall, leaves longs

very scabrous, panicle oblong-linear dense, spikelets 2-1- d. n Jinn
3-fid, nut linear-oblong shining brown black-tinped. Boeck. 1 i
Xixwiu. 339. Phakellanthus multiflorus, Zoll. Syst. Verz. Jud:

D

Gahnia.] CLXXII. CYPERACEH. (C. B. Clarke.) 617

6l. Svzyganthus multiflorus, Steud. Syn. Cyp. 153. Schonns panicu-
we Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bogor. 296 (not of Burm.). S. Hasskarlii, Steud
e, 166.

MALAY ISLANDS; from Sumatra to Fiji.

Nearly glabrous. Stem often 3 ft., terete. Leaves often nearly as long as stem,
i-i in. wide, tip caudate very scabrous. Panicle 12 by 3 in., dense; branches from
each lower sheath usually several (sometimes 15); lower bracts long, similar 10
leaves, Spikelets nearly + in., when young lanceolate ; lower flower sterile or male
or wanting. Lower glumes 3—4, keeled, mucronate ; upper glumes 3-2, when young
very small, ultimately enlarged hardened, 3 as long as the uppermost keeled glume.
Stamens in lower flower 4, in the upper 3; filaments persistent ultimately elongate
aud brown, often retaining the nut.

Var. penangensis ; lowest bract shorter, often not half length of panicle, panicle
loser, branches finally nodding (not in subherect clusters).— Penang, alt. 3000 ft.,
ele. Perak, alt. 6500 ft., Wray. Malacca; Punnus, Griffith (Kew Distrib.

d).

20. REMIREA, Aublet.

_A glabrons perennial. Stem short, with numerous long leaves, Spikes
digitately capitate; bracts long. Spikelets densely sessile, 1-fld. G/umes
4, imbricate laxly on all sides, small, ovate-triangular, three lowest empty
freen striate, uppermost nerveless containing a perfect quasi-terminal

ower. Hypogynous bristles 0. Stamens 3, unilateral. Style linear,
smooth ; base not dilated; branches 3, linear. Wut oblong-ellipsoid, tri-
g°nous, smooth; style deciduous.

The flower is here really axillary, the continuation of the axis suppressed at an
erly stage. The plant is allied to the Rynchosporeæ, as Bentham has it.

R. maritima, Aubl. Pl. Guian. i. 45, t. 16; stem nearly covered
iy sheaths of leaves (i.e. head sessile) or only covered near base (i.e. head
Peduncled), Beauv. Fl. d? Owar. ii. 929, t. 78; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.
Si (1876), pt. ii. 158; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 435. R. pedunculata, Br.
Ge 296; Thw. Enum. 345. R. Wightiana, Nees in H ight Contrib. 92.

‘Asticophylla, Boeck. in Flora, xli. 410. Mariscus capitatus, Zoll. Verz.
p Areh ip. i 63. Lipocarpha foliosa, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. m. 337; Kurz Fl.
"gin 224.—Cyperus, Wall. Cat. 3378.

Sea-consts, Canara; Talbot. TENASSERIM; Helfer; MALACCA, Griffith; Nico-

eut Kurz; Ae, Cayton; Thwaites (C.P. 3227.)—DrsrmiB. All tropical sea-
"sts, H

feele t ^ i tufted from the branched head of
ume, 2-6 in, eg gece caves often longer than stein, narrow,
ngid, curved nearly smooth. Bracts 2-6, patent, 1-3 in., leaf-like. , Spikes about
Nu 2"£, ellipsoid, of about 3; spikelets, dirty straw-colrd. Spikelets 4 in., el (ée
Wei glume, chestnut-colrd.; outermost cells minute, round-hexagonal, o

Porose (ie nut puncticulate.)

?]. HYPOLYTRUM, L. C. Rich.

Stem with so Leaves flat, somewhat thin,
me nodes far above the base. Lea? `

Perved, narrowed gradually At each end. Spikes panicled, branches

d bracts long, leat-like. “Spikelets without glumes interposed »etwe

Wo opposite basal males and the terminal pistil except iu H. turgidum

678 OLXXIL CYPERACEE. (C. B. Clarke). [Hypolytrum.

and H. longirostre. Style continuous with ovary, persistent; branches 2
long. Nut small, but often overtopping bracteoles, biconvex, osseous,
subpersistent; style-base ultimately becoming a conical or ovoid beak.—
Species 25, tropical and subtropical.

This and the following four genera, included under the division Hypolytree (see
p. 587), or Mapaniec, are so peculiar in structure that the following observations
may prove useful.—Spikelets small, in spikes resembling the spikelets of a stout
Scirpus; the (apparent) glumes being obtuse bracteoles. Spikelets containing one
terminal fem. fl. (of a pistil only) and two opposite boat-shaped 1-glumed monan-
drous male fl. at its base; between these two basal males and the terminal female
are placed 0-11 concave or nearly plane glumes unsymmetrically whorled, sterile or
1-6 monandrous; the three inner glumes (empty), often appearing nearly as sepals
to the pistil. Glumes to the two lowest male flowers (squamellz), acutely keeled,
hairy on keel, placed laterally with respect to the bracteole. Stamens small;
anthers not crested, e

In Hypolytrum the spikelet might be regarded as a single flower, consisting ofa
bract, two opposite boat-shaped bracteoles, 2 stamens aud a pistil. But in Mapana
(and other genera) the number of male and barren glumes interposed between the
squamelle and the pistil shows that this flower is really an inflorescence, as m
Euphorbia, The species are sometimes polygamo-dicecious, some plants producing
only empty nuts with abnormal beaks. The seven Indian species here descr
might be treated as H. latifolium with five varieties.

1. H. latifolium, Z. C. Rich. in Pers. Syn. i. 705 stems stout
triquetrous upwards, leaves long often 3-1 in. "broad, style 2-fid, nut
(fertile) wrinkled brown or chestnut, beak small conical pale (large when
nut is barren), Thw. Enum. 346 (B and part a); Kurz in Journ. s. Soe.
xxxviii. part 2, 72 (partly). H. giganteum, Wall. Cat. 3404 (partly);
Nees in Wight Contrib. 93 (partly) ; Boeck. in Linnæa, Sr: ]3l. i
schoenoides, Nees in Linnea, ix. 288. H. myrianthum, Mig. Fl. Ind. Be
ii. 333. H. latifolium and diandrum, Dietr. Sp. Pl. i. 365. Tons
diandra, Roxb, Fl. Ind. i. 184. Scirpus anomalus, Retz. Obs. v. ^
Albikkia scirpoides and schoenoides, Presl. Rel. Honk. i. 185, t. 4
Hypolytrum, Wall. Cat. 3402, 3403, 3404 (mainly).

OBAR and

»early all solitary, young 1—1 in. oblong-obovoid, fruiting 4 in. subglobose.

closely spirally imbricate, scarcely ke in. long, €
obtuse, membranous, l-nerved, brownish. Sinamellc 2 glume. Nut

uttie longer than glume, sessile; beak about } length of nnt.— all. Cat, from
this mixed with Scirpus chinensis, Munro and a Mapania. In some specimens long
the Khasia Terai the nuts are empty their beaks inflated ovoid-conic DT d un.
as the nut ; these Boeckeler (Linnwa xxxvii. 130) calls the Indian H. num".
— 1t is possible to refer the Mauritian plant to a var. of latifolium 5 but, if these

are kept distinct, it is not possible to arrange the Khasian plant under both.

(without "m `

2. H. Wightianum, B in Li :: on 130; stems SU
ebe a Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. p. 1975 le)
es long 4-1 in. broad, panicle compound dense, style 2-fid, nut D,
straw-colrd. or pale, beak conical pale }-} nut. H. giganteum,

Wight Contrib. p. 93 (partly).—Rheede Hort, Malab. xii. t. 98.

Fe

Hypolytrum.] ^ crxxi. cvrERACEX. (C. B. Clarke.) 619

Canara; JDalzell. MALABAR or CoNCAN; Stocks. WYNAAD; Goodaloor,
King. Nicopars; Kurz.

Distributed in Herb. H. f. and T. as a local form of H latifolium, which it
closely resembles. The nut is usually glandular-punctate, pitted rugose or nearly
smooth.

3. H. turgidum, C. B. Clarke; stem stout, leaves long j-j$ in.
broad, panicle compound dense, spikelets often of three glumes (besides
the bracteole), style 2-fid, fertile nut large brown purple punctate, beak
small or hardly any. H. latifolium, Tw. Enum. 346 (partly).

CEYLON, Central Province, alt. 3000 ft., Thwaites (C.P. 3). .

Thwaites subsequently (in ms.) separated this as a distinct species. "The two
boat-shaped squamellz are lateral (as in all the Mapaniee) ; the third extra glume
7 fat concave thin without keel on the anterior side of the spikelet within the
ŝquamellæ. A similar extra glume occurs frequently in several of the large American
Hypolytree ; thus indicating an approach to Thoracostachyum.

4. H. penangense, C. B. Clarke; stem stout, leaves long j-i in.
brad, panicle compound of 100 spikes, young spikes 3 by A in. linear

cylindric,

PENANG; Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1720). . .
Imperfectly known from a young example; but the young spikes differ much
tom those of H. latifolium at the same point of development.

., 9 H, trinervium, Kunth Enum. ii. 272; stem somewhat slender,
laves 4-2 in. broad, bracteoles broad-oblong obtuse entire brown not
scarious-margined, style 2-fid, nut small black-purple, beak conical pale
sy as long as nut. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 332 and IUl. FL. Archip. Ind.

“East INDIES” (Herb. Willdenow). .

Altogether sendet than H. eg to which Boeckeler refers it as a weak
‘rample.— Stem 16 in.; cauline leaves 1 or 2 remote. Panicle 1-1} in. diam., with
9 spikes. Spikes in fruit scarcely } in. diam., themselves their gluines (bracteoles)
‘nd nuts much smaller than in H. latifolium. Nut (with its beak) less than Ze in. ;

ak straw-colrd., densely covered with round red glands.

6. H. proliferum, Boeck. in Linnæa, xxxvii. 126; stem somewhat
slender, leaves 3-1 in. broad, bracteoles oblong-obovate brown upper
darin conspicuously white-scarious lacerate, style 2-fid, nut small dusky
brown, beak conical dusky brown rather shorter than nut.

SINGAPORE ; Wichura, Ridley.—D1stR1B. Borneo. , "

izome woody, obliquely descending (not ^ proliferous-branched ' as described
7 Boeckeler), Stem 16 in., cauline leaves 1 or 2 remote. Panicle 1-1} in. ,

With 29 spik +7, 201 1; cylindric, glistening white (broac
d pikes. Young spikelets 1 by de in, Cy iin. Wem
Anne margius of bracteoles covering, up the brown bases). Spikelets in fruit 4

i : Jy —Very like H.
am., subglobose. Nut ovoid, scarcely =); in. long, nearly smooth.— Very like

"ervium, except as to the conspicuously scarious bracteoles. oid
b OC? longirostre, Thw. Enum. 346; stem 12-20 1n., Ory LC
acteoles hard subacute, one (or more) squamella often interpone than nut

* two basal male squamellz and pistil, style 2-fid, beak songer xviii. pt
“Nic acute pale not grooved. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng os Lc. 74
( 9; Boeck. in Linnxa, xxxvii. 198. H. latifolium y minor, so
Partly, not of L, O. fiel).

CrYLon; Thai 468 ing i

Stolons ‘long, pond dee by small red-brown scales, hardening into a

680 CLXXI. CYPERACEX. (C. B. Clarke.) [Hypolytrum.

woody horizontal rhizome. Stem trigonous, nearly smooth, with few leaves upwards.
Leaves often as long as stem, } in. broad, gradually narrowed at both ends ; margins
scabrous. Corymb 1} in. diam., with 12-20 spikes; bracts often 6 in., resembling
the leaves. Spikes 4 in., ellipsoid, dirty straw-colrd. Bracteoles (glumes) ovals,
striate, falling with nuts. Lateral third glume to spikelet monandrous or sterile.
Nut scarcely Ae in., subglobose, olivaceous, wrinkled.

22. THORACOSTACHYUM, Kurz.

Leaves flat, 3-nerved, narrowed gradually at each end. Spikes panicled,
branches rigid ; bracts long, like the leaves. Spikelets small, with usua
4 glumes (of which lowest sometimes monandrous) interposed between t h
two opposite navicular basal male fl. and the terminal pistil. Style 3- »
Nut osseous, shining; beak conic acute (not seen in T. hypolytroides).
Species 5, in Ceylon, Seychelles, Malaya, Australia.

1. T. bancanum, Kurz in Tydsch. Nat. Vereen. Ned. Ind. xxvii. 285,
and in Bot. Zeit. xxiii. (1865), 204 (Thoracostachys, name only) an ‘kes
Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxxviii. pt. ii. 76; stem 14-83 ft., cory mb rigid, Sp a
short ellipsoid, style 3-fid, nut shining testaceous with 3 longis pe
grooves in its conical top. Lepironia bancana, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. pei
604 aud IU. Fl. Archip. Ind. 63. Hypolytrum borneense, Kurz in. oura
As. Soc. Beng. xxxviii, pt. ii. 74; Mig. Ill. Fl, Archip. Ind. TZ,
bancana, Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. iii. 1055.—Hypolytrum, Walt, Cat
3401, 3404 E.—Cyperus, Wall. Cat. 3371 B (partly).

SINGAPORE; Wallich, Ridley. Maracca; Griffith (Kew Distrib, 6278).
DisTRIB. Malaya. otely

Stolons slender, hardening into a woody rhizome. Stem scabrous at top, ae M
(or not) leaf-bearing upwards. Leaves often as long as stem, 3 in. broad ; bas qu
least near tips) seabrous. Corymb 1-2 in. diam., with sometimes 50 spikes; t nuts
often 6 in., leaf-like, Spikes A in. diam., ultimately } in., beaks of persisten D
spreading on all sides, — Bracteoles hardly 4^; in., ovate, obtuse, striate, horny. Ar
about A in., beak none, or rather completely fused with nut; grooves very th
spathulate.

Griffith,

. Var, longispica ; spikes 4 in. oblong smutted, nuts perfect— Malacca ; w
Kew Distrib. n. 6357).—The abnormal elongation of the spikes is supposed due
the Ustilago,

. e-
2. T. hypolytroides, C. B. Clarke; very large, panicle large d
compound with 800 spikes, glumes (bracteoles) membranous € IPs.
glumes intercalated between two basal male fi. and pistil, dëch
Hypolytrum Pandanophyllum and Pandanophyllum hypolytro! ji. 341.
Muell. Fragm. ix. 16. Mapania hypolytroides, Benth. Fil. Austral. “
M. Pandanophyllum, Schum. & Holl. Kaiser Wilhelms Land, 20.

. nsland.
Matay PENINSULA; Johore, Ridley n. 4093,—Disreis. N. Guinea, pikes soli-

Stem 3-5 ft. Bracts 32 by 1 in., 3-nerved. Panicle 12 by 8 in.
tary § in., cuboid-ellipsoid, of very many spikelets.

23. MAPANIA, Aubl. bur

Btem very short ; inflorescence congested on scapes. Leaves ong, 0

tough and coarse. Spikelet of 6 (or 5) glumes besides the ban, gide
two lowest boat-shaped, opposite, monandrous ; third (on the an us;
of spikelet) plane-coneave, not keeled, thin, sterile or monandrovss

often

Mapania. | CLXXIL CYPERACEEZ. (C. B. Clarke.) 681

upper as though in a whorl, narrow-oblong, thin, empty. Style continuous
with ovary, persistent; branches 3, long. Nut osseous, small or large, dry
or succulent, beaked or obtuse.— Species 33, Tropical, cosmopolitan.

Sect. I. HaLosrEMMA (Genus). Wall. ex Benth. in Gen. Pl. iii. 1070 (^y
a misreading of bad lithography). Leaves long narrowed at both ends.
Lateral scape long or short. Spikes capitate in a single head, distinct, of
many spikelets; bracts shorter than spikes. Spikelets often 4 in. Nut
dry, buried in the chaffy bracteoles and glumes; beak small conic, or
hardly any.

.l. M. silhetensis, C. B. Clurke; scape 1-2 ft. smooth upwards
with 1-6 spikes, leaves often 1 in. broad scarcely seabrous on the keel
beneath, bracteoles 3 in. 3-5-striate, style 3-fid, nut ovoid much narrowed
at base almost stalked. Pandanophyllum palustre 8 silhetana, Kurz in
JE, A Soc. Beng. xxxviii. pt. ii. 79 (partly.)—Cyperacea, Wall. Cat.
n. .

UPPER Assam; alt. 300 ft , Jenkins, C. B. Clarke. SYLHET ; Wallich.
Rhizome long, nearly 4 in. diam. Leaves 1-3 ft., margins scabrous. Scape ro-
bust, sheathed at base by some horny scales, naked upwards. Spikes $ in., ellipsoid ;
Tacteoles $ in., chaffy, elliptic-oblong, dirty straw-colour, persistent. Squamelle
and glumes linear-oblong, nearly as long as bracteoles; 3rd lateral glume sterile.
Ka long, slender, branches 3 long. Nut į in., ashy black; beak very small, fused
ith nut,

2. M. palustris, Benth. in Gen. Pl. iii. 1070; scape 1-2 ft. glandular-
scabrous upwards with. 10-50 spikes, leaves often lj in. broad acutely
scabrous on keel beneath, bracteoles 4 in. lacerate at top often sub-bifid,
“yle 3-fid, nut ovoid little narrowed at base. Pandauophyllum palustre,
Boeck. in Linnæa, xxxvii. 138; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxxviii. part
` 78 (var. malesica) (not of Hassk.). Lepironia palustris, Mig. IU. F?.
Archip. Ind. 63, t. 25.

SINGAPORE; Ridley.—DisTRIB. Malaya.

hizome long, nearly 4 in. diam. Leaves 3-4 ft., margins scabrous. Seape ro-
bust, sheathed at base by some horny scales. Heads 1}-2 in. diam. Spikes in.
ellipsoid, bracteoles chaffy, persistent. —Squamelle and glumes linear-oblong, nearly
as long as bracteoles, 3rd lateral glume sterile. Nut j in., ashy-black, beak smak
coic. — Pandanophyllum palustre, Hassk. (in Tydsch. Nat. Vereen. Ned. Ind. x. 119,
297) had a bifid style and 3-5 spikelets, so that it cannot be present plant (according
W a specimen in the British Museum from Teysmann it was Cephaloscirpus, Kurz,
with which the general description of Hasskark coincides).

J M. Kurzii, C. B. Clarke; scape 4-16 in. smooth upwards with
1-15 spikes, leaves 1 in. broad aculeate on keel beneath, bracteoles $ 1n.

Strongly 13-striate reddish-brown.

Matacca ; Griffith (Kew Distrib. 6356). PERAK; alt. 1750 ft., King. PENANG,

on Government Hill, alt. 1750 ft., Maingay, King. — . f a Pandanus;

iome thick. Leaves densely equitant, very rigid, harsh, as of a Pandanus ;

tips long attenuate trigonous, aculeate. Inflorescence 1 in diam., rigid; bracts

Short, ovate, brown. Spikes i in., ellipsoid, brown. Bracteoles ovate, obtuse, rigid,

‘neurved, entire at apex. Squamelle nearly as long as bracteole, brown. Nut not
*et.—Closely allied to M. palustris ; spikes and spikelets rather smaller.

4. Mt. andamanica, C. B. Clarke;

scape 4-12 in. smooth upwards,
leaves broad almost flaccid smooth on keel beneath,

bracteoles 2 in.

682 CLXXII. CYPERACEX. (C. B. Clarke.) [ Mapania.

slenderly striate pale brown. Pandanophyllum zeylanicum, Kurz in Journ.
As. Soc. Beng. xxxviii. part ii. 80 (partly).

ANDAMAN Isrps.; Helfer (Kew Distrib. 6298), Kurz.

Stolon long, rather c covered by ovate striate lax scales. Scales at base of
culm up to 2 in., very lax, striate, pale brown, with an ovate-oblong im! on i mE
sometimes nearly 1 in. long. Leaves much softer than in M. Kuren 3 nig rigid;
motely scabrous or almost smooth. Infl. of M. Kurzii, but Kee a !
bracteoles loosely imbricate. Nut not seen.— Closely allied to M. palustris.

5. M. multispicata, C. D. Clarke; scape 6 in. with head o Ka
spikes, leaves 3-4 ft. by kä in. margins strongly scabrous r dus
bracteoles 4 in. dark-brown, nut very small obovoid. Pani SE Cot of
humile, Zoll. Verz. Ind. Archip. ii. 61; Mig. FT. Ind. Bat. Fé T. hamile,
Hassk.). Hypolytrum compactum ? Moritzi Verz. Zoll. Pft.98. H.
Boeck, in Innnea, xxxvii. 128 (mainly).

SINGAPORE; Ridley.— DISTRIB. Java.

. . ‘a diam. when’
Head very much smaller than in the preceding species, about 4 in. diam

ikes are
young. The species appears more allied to Sect. Pandanophyllum, but the spi
distinct in the head.

, en.

Sect. III. PANDANOPHYLLUM (Genus), Hassk. in Tydsch, Nat, TU
Ned. Ind. x. 118 (partly). Stem very short, leaves long. Hate ovoid or
short or longish. Inflorescence (a corymb) congested into 4s shorter or
oblong head la second head rarely added in M. longa]; bract Sets: upper
little longer than spikes. Spikes of few (sometimes 1) spikelets;
bracts passing into bracteoles. Nut as in sect. Halostemma.

* Leaves gradually narrowed at base and aper.

. r 2 its
6. M. Wallichii, C. D Clarke; scape 4—6 in. stout oer d ipso ;
length with scales, inflorescence a dense head 1-1} in, ovol lustre (it:
partial spikes all containing one spikelet only. Pand. Ke Soc. Beng:

florescentiá juveni" contained ripe nuts), Kurz in Journ. 23.

xxxviii. pt. ii. 79 (not of Hassk.).— Wall. Cat. 3541.
SINGAPORE, Wallich.—Disrrie., Borneo. t
Leaves equitant, up to 3 ft. by 2 in., margins aculeolate. Bracts

obtuse, thick, shorter than infl. Bracteoles } in., elliptic, obtuse, €

Squamelle and glumes a little shorter than bracteole, narrow-oblong.

ovoid, ashy-black, beak hardly any.

ovate-oblong,

haffv, tough.
ut i ily

+n. with
7. M. zeylanica, Benth. in Gen. Pl. iii. 1056 ; scapes We intl.
few scales close to base, leaves aculeate on margin to base, ing several
broad ovoid more or less compound, i.e. basal spikes contait yy, Enum.
spikelets, upper spikes with one spikelet. Pand. zeylanicum, Jaman sf?
345; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxxviii., pt. ii. 80 (excl. Ai Archip.
Boeck. in Linnæa, xxxvii. 138. Lepironia ceylanica, Mig. Ti. P^
Ind. 61, t. 22 (spikes very young). eo
CEYLON, Thw., C.P. 3029, E. IND. PrNiINs., Rottler.—DISTRIB. Borr, -3 ft. by
Resembles M. Wallichii, but spike shorter more compound. "i alate. nfl. m
$ in., aculeate on keel beneath, long-attenuate linear, margins acule M. Wallicht*
frt. rather more than } in. diam. Spikelets, glames, aud nut, as 10
Style 3-fid and nut subglobose ; or (Boeckeler) 2-fid. othed
- clothe
8. M. immersa, Benth. in Gen. Pl. iii. 1056; scapes 12 iy slightly
throughout by lanceolate leaf-like scales, leaves (except tip) °

Mapania.] CLXXIL CYPERACEE. (C. B. Clarke.) 683

scabrous, infl. ovoid partial spikes rarely containing more than one spikelet.
pid immersum, Thw. Enum, 433; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxxviii.,
pi. 11. 63. l

CEYLON, Thwaites (C.P. 3819).

Leaves numerous, equitant, 2} ft. by 2 in., tip caudate. Upper scales of scape
up to 1-2} in. long, linear-lanceolate; lower bracts similar to upper scales often
overtopping infl. ; upper bracts shorter, lanceolate, passing into bracteoles. Partial
(lateral) spikes, all (or nearly) of one spikelet. Nut nearly as in M. zeylanica, but
more narrowed at base (shortly stalked).

9, M. tenuiscapa, C. B. Clarke; scapes 4-6 in. very slender with
scales only close to base, leayes narrow margins aculeate nearly through-
out, inf. in fruit ovoid more or less compound, i.e. basal partial spikes
containing more than one spikelet. Pand. Miquelianum, Kurz in Journ.
As. Soc. Beng. xxxviii pt. ii. 81 (partly). P. angustifolium (sp.), Kurz ins.
(correcting himself).

Maracca, Grifith (Kew Distrib. 6299). JouonE, Ridley—Dristere. Sumatra.

Similar to M. zeylanica, but iufl. and spikes smaller. Leaves numerous,
quitant, up to 23 ft. by 2 in., long attenuate at both ends, aculeate ou midrib

neath. Inflorescence (in fruit) hardly à in. in diam. Squamellw 6, $ in. long,
hardly shorter than bracteole. Wut as of M. zeylanica, or scarcely smaller.

10. M. longa, C. B. Clarke; scapes 10-25 in., naked except close to
base, leaves elongate, infl. of 1 (rarely 2) large ovoid head, partial spikes
ely containing more than one spikelet.

INGAPORE, Ridley.—DisTRi5. Borneo.

Leares 3 ft. by 3 on. tip attenuate, margins aculeate nearly throughout, keel
beneath smooth except towards tip. Jnl. in fruit $ by $in.; bracts much shorter
than inf, Nut i-i in. obovoid, beak short.—Perhaps better referred to Sect.
Halostemma, ° , ,

C Leaves broad, suddenly narrowed at base into a quasi-petiole, at top
‘nto a linear tail.

ll. M. humilis, Naves § Villar in Blanco Fl. Filip. Append. 309;
scapes 2-5 in. clothed by scales at base, leaves 1-13 in. broad, mfi, of one
head 3-l in. M. lucida, N. E. Br. in Illustr. Horlic. xxxii. 77, t. 557.
Pand. humile, Hassk. in Tydsch. Nat. Vereen. Ned. Ind. x. 119; Kurz in
Journ, As, Soc. Beng. xxxviii., pt. ii. 82. P. Zippelianum, Kurz in Tydsch.
Nat, Vereen. xxvii. 196, & in Bot. Zeit. xxiii. 204. P. Wendlandi, Gard.

Iron. xxi. [1884] 711. Lepironia cuspidata, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl.
93. L. humilis, Miq. Il. Fl. Archip. Ind. 61, t. 23. um
H PENANG, Curtis. PERAK, Ning. Maracca, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 6300),
ervey, SINGAPORE, Ridley.—DistR1B. Malaya. .

thizome short, woody, obliquely descending, passing upwards into a short stems
“minated by a crown of densely equitant leaves; from the apex of rhizome atera
y cending shoots break out, Leaves 13-3 ft., 3-nerved, aculeate on margins and on
„eel beneath at least at top; quasi-petiole 2-12 in., dilated at base. Scapes axil ary
1 the lower leaves rather stout, smooth trigonous upwards; basal scales ovate-
lanceolate, hard, striate green with brown-scarious margins. nfl. young, oblong,
mature ovoid; bracts shorter than head, similar to scales at base of scape. ower

rtial spikes nearly always compound, i.e. containing a few spikelets ; praeteoles
iis ovate, obtuse, striate. Squamelle 6, hardly shorter than braeteole, Dot
rownish, Anthers linear-oblong, yellow, not crested. Style long ; M nes M
"Éim. eilipsoid, sessile, dusk y-black ; style-base (in pistil aud in half-ripe nut)
conical, beak-like, in ripe nut nearly completely absor bed.

684 CLXXI. CYPERACEÆ. (C. B. Clarke.)

24. SCIRPODENDRON, Kurz.

Stem stont, with nodes upward, terminating in an oblong panicle. Basal
leaves very long, narrowed at both ends. Spikes clustered, ellipsoid, of
many spikelets. Spikelets of 8-11 glumes beside the bracteole, viz. 2 lowest
boat-shaped, opposite, monandrous; 3 uppermost quasi-whorled, narrow-
oblong, thin, empty; 3-6 intermediate, monandrous, or sterile. Style
long linear, branches 3, base continuous with ovary. Nut large, osseous,
coarsely 6- (or more-) ribbed longitudinally, dusky-black, obtuse.

S. costatum, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxxviii., pt. ii, 85; basal
leaves 3-8 ft. by 1 in., narrowed gradually at both ends aculeate on margins
and midrib beneath upwards. Benth. Fl. Austral. vii. 341 ; Goebel in Aun.
Jard. Bot. Bwilenz. vi. 199, t. 14, fig. 1-11. S. sulcatum, Miq. Ill. Fl.
Archip. Ind. 65, t. 28. Hypolytrum costatum, Thw. Enum. 940. Pand.

costatum, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxxviii., pt. ii. 85, in Obs. Scleria
macrocarpa, Wall. Cat. 3538.
CEYLON, Konig, Trimen, PENANG and SINGarorE, Wallich. Maracch,

Grifith (Kew Distrib. n. 6134).—Disrris. Java, Austral., Samoa. sl

Rhizome woody. Stem 1-2 ft., at top + in. in diam. trigonous, smooth. Pantie
4-6 in. long; branches clustered, thick, short; lower bracts leaf-like, upper very
short. Spikes 3 in. long; spikelets }—4 in. ; bracteole (outermost glume) as long `
spikelet, ovate, obtuse, striate, chaffy, dirty straw-colrd. Squamelle, two outer mo
much shorter than bracteole, hairy on keel; inner narrower, rather shorter. ^v
2 in. long, 3 in. in diam., woody, with succulent epicarp (eaten im Samoa 9Y
natives).

25. LEPIRONIA, Z. C. Rich.

Stem long, simple, leafless except a few scales at base.
parently) simple, lateral, oblong-ellipsoid, of mauy spikelets. ite
of 8-11 glumes beside the bracteole, viz. 2 lowest boat-shaped, oppor ?
monandrous; 3 uppermost quasi-whorled, narrow-oblong, thin, er "
3-6 intermediate, monandrous or sterile. Style rather short, Jed on
branches 2, linear. Nut ellipsoid, much compressed, acutely Keele
margins, smooth dry.

Spike (ap
PS pikelets

4

t. 14, fig. 12, 13. Scirpus coniferus, Poir. Encyc. vi. 756, and Supp Pr dr.

Matacca, Gaudichand, Grifith. SINGAPORE, Lobb. CEYLON, Thwaites, P
DisrRis. Madagascar, Malaya, Queensland, Viti (China cult. only,

Rhizome horizontal, woody, clothed by ovate subacute striate
Stems approximate, § in. in diam., when dry apparently transvers
often covering base of stem for 4-8 in.; uppermost produced on one se „hestnut,
not green. Spike usually 3-1 in. long, occasionally much larger, brown wl imbri-
lowest bract often 1-2 in. Bracteoles (apparently flower-glumes) Spir^ d Two
cated, $ in., ovate, obtuse, rigid, not striate, ultimately deciduous with » seurely
m squamelle scarcely shorter than glume, hairy on keel. Nut to
vugitudinally striate; linear style-base persistent.

ferrugiu
ely septate ;

CLXXIL CYPERACEE. (C. D. Clarke.) 685

26. SCLERIA, Berg.

3 Perennial or annual. Stems erect, leaf-bearing. Leaves narrow, sub-
-nerved, often serrate cutting severely ; base sheathing. Panicle often
stout, elongate, compound, sometimes narrow or reduced nearly to a spike ;
primary bracts leaf-like, secondary narrow often setaceous. Flowers all
unsexual. Spikelets unisexual, rarely bisexual; bisexual spikelet with
one fem. fl. below, and a few males above; fem. spikelet similar, but upper
male portion reduced to a small rudiment pressed laterally against the nnt
or occasionally 0 (when the fem. fl. appears terminal). Glumes usually
jd empty below the fem. glume, or in the male spikelets 2 below the male
[AL fem. glume concave, margins not united at base round the pistil.
Val 3-1; anthers linear-oblong, often mucronate. Nut osseous, often
Cyne ; style linear, not dilated at base, deciduous ; branches 3, linear.

ynophore usually prominent under the nut, apex dilated, often into a 3-
toothed saucer.— Species 150, in moist warm countries.

. e übgenns I. HxyroronvM (Genus), Nees in Linnea, ix. 303, character
widened. Bisexual spikelets many.

b l. s. pergracilis, Kunth Enum. ii. 354; very slender, nearly gla-
rous, roots fibrous, spikelets clustered on a linear interrupted spike, stvle
d, nut white tubercled fenestrate, disc obsolete. Strachey Cat. Pl.
umaon, 73; Thw. Enum. 354; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxviii. 438. Hypo-
porom gracile, Nees in Edinb. Phil. Journ. xvii p. 267, and in Wight
ontrib. p. 118.—Scleria, Wall. Cat. 3406.
Widely scattered from GuRWHAL, alt. 5600 ft., Duthie, to SYLHRT, Wallich.
ERAR, Kurz, Crora NacPonE, T. Anderson, Deccan PENINSULA, Wight.

EYLON, Thwaites—DIstRIB. Trop. Africa.
„Stem 10-29 in. Leaves 4-10 by i in. Spike 2-6 in. ; clusters (of 2-5 sp'kelets)
sean T. apart; bract ovate-lanceolate, hardly longer than clusters. Bisexual spikelets
arcely 2 ins numerous, terminal, with sometimes a male spikelet close beneath.
ov glume boat-shaped, ovate-lanceolate, greenish ; glume below it similar, sub-
Pposite ; superior male glumes thinner, brownish, more obtuse, not keeled, Nut
žo in, in diam., ovoid, trigonous, base narrow trigonous.—Dr. Trimen writes : ‘ The

el À :
non-scented leaves are used to drive away mosquitoes."'

Fl. Ind. Occid. 92, in note ;
e sheaths, rhizome woody,
smooth (except in var. 8),
117; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb.

a 2. S. lithosperma, Sw. Prodr. 18, and

ender or medium, nearly glabrous except th
panicle thin straggling. style 3- fid, nut white
5€ nearly obsolete. Nees in Wight Contrib. lz. & - f
Jn, 288 ; Thw. Enum. 354; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 451; Kurz in
M As. Soc. xlv., pt. ii. 159 (not Hoch) S. tenuis, Retz. Obs. iv. 13;
“rb, DL Ind. iii. 574. S. Wightiana, Steud. Sy». Cyp. 176. Scirpus
qospermus, Linn. Sp. Pl. [ed. 1] 51. Schonns lithospermus, Linn.
>P. Pl. (ed. 2], 65. Olyra orientalis, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. ii. 674. Hypo-
porum lithospermum, Nees in Mart. Fi. Bras. Cup. 172.—Scleria, Wall.
at. 3417, 3418, 3419.—Rheede Hort. Mal. xii. t. 48.

8 Throughout INpra (except the West arid area), alt. 0-3000 ft , common, from
AD ATE to CEYLON and MALACCA. ANDAMANS and NICOBARS, Kurz.— DISTRIB.
Wa

irm regions except Continental Africa.

li izome elongate," horizontal. Stems 11-3 ft., not tufted. Leaves 6-12 by

ae sheaths usnally hairy. Panicle (fully developed) a ft., distant primary
anches 4 in,, ascending, again divided ; but often very thin with few spikelets.

686 CLXXI. CYPERACEX. (C. B. Clarke.) [Scleria.

D
Spikclets much clustered, many bisexual à in. long, nearly smooth and. ga
very similar to those of S. pergracilis but larger. Nut A, in. long (so
smaller) ellipsoid, trigonous, base narrow trigonous.

ith
Var. 8 (Rozburghii), Thw. Enum. 354; rather stouter, nut rather, ez
pyramidal subacute apex, transversely wrinkled by ferruginous Sat ls (at Deninenla,
young), Hypoporum Roxburghii, Wees ms.—Ceylon, Thwaites ; eren keleta more
Wight.—Partial panicles much more rigid, subpyramidal, clusters o regard Re
numerous and dense.— This might be esteemed a species, but too Word eges from
not be paid to the reticulation or wrinkling of the nut in Scleria, whi avery species
irregularities in drying, &c. The outer cells of the nut in Scleria are
small, quadrate-hexagonal, obscure.

" l
3. S. corymbosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 574; robust, coarse, neatly
glabrous, panicle long copious of several compoundedly-corym, Agere
partial panicles, style 3-fid, nut white, smooth, disc very ima “non 353;
gyna, Nees in Linnea, ix. 303, & Wight Contrib. 117; Wo uo
Boeck. in Linnea, xxxviii. 536. S. majus, Moon Cat. Pl. Ceyt.
corymbifera, Boeck. l.c. 587.—Scleria, Wall. Cat. 3412.

Y EYLON,
Warm moist region, sparsely Scattered from Kasia Tgrat, J.D.H., to C

uvaites, and MALACCA, Griffith. . . , Stems
T Rhizome horizontal often, l in. in diam., clothed with brown sodes en
3-8 ft., stout ; sheaths triquetrous, not winged. Leaves 20 by p id Spikelets
brous. Infi. 1-2 ft. by 4-6 in. ; lower peduncles exserted 1-4 ech E straw-coled.
i in. long, nearly all bisexual, clustered and solitary, usually brow! S. lithosperma
sometimes more or less chestnut-colrd., constructed nearly as " Sz onous, muc
but stouter; stamens often 3. Nut nearly } in. long, ellipsoid, los row . margin
narrowed at base. Disc slightly dilated, scarcely 3-lobed, yel dark red.
(inner disc of authors) very short, subtriangular, glandular, often da

icle of
4. S. Ridleyi, C. B. Clarke; slender, nearly glabrous, pum,
few small very distant axillary corymbs, style 3-fid, nu
apiculate, disc very small.

SINGAPORE ; Pular Buru, Ridley (n. 1611). — DISTRIB. Hongkong, A aed scales.

Rhizome horizontal, } in. in diam., clothed by small ovate stria rrowly winged;
Stem 2 ft., Ae in. in diam., triquetrous, scabrous; sheaths very Lea ves 12 by ii
ligule almost truncate, margin narrow scarious hardly hairy. h text with about
Partial panicles scarcely 1 in. in diam., lowest 4-8 in. from the other male spike"
8-20 spikelets. Nut-bearing spikelets usually with male fl. at top, mbosa, Roxb., t
lets also added. Nut (rather more pointed) and disc as in S. cory the difference 12
which Boeckeler has referred it and which is the true affinity; bu
stoutness, stem-leaves, and panicle is very great.

Subgenus IT. Scteria proper. Bisexual spikelets none or few.

s fibrous
Sect. I. TsssetLATA. Slender (sometimes tall) plants. Kä at tip
or the rhizome very short not thick. Leaves not caudate 89 ‘ced to spikes,
Panicle narrow, the lower axillary panicles often remote, reduc
sometimes very short.

* Nut tessellated.

e

5. S. tessellata, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 315 (excl. cit, Rumph), e thin
sometimes tall, hairy or glabrate, roots fibrous, panicle f di g
lower branches remote, style 3-fid, nut tessellate, lobes ©
short ovate erect thin pale. Nees in Wight Contrib. 118 , ropinqua
p. 394 (var. B only); Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 470. 5S. P

Scleria.] CLXXII. CYPERACEZ. (C. B. Clarke.) 687

arvula, Steud. Syn. Cyp. 169,174. S. uliginosa, Boeck. l.c. 471.—Scleria,
all. Cat. 3405 A.

Throughout Inpra (except the West arid area), alt. 0-8000 ft., frequent; from
m and MuNEYPOOR to CEYLON and Psev.—DisrRIB. Malaya, China, Japan,

ustral,

Roots often black-red. Stems 1-2 ft. Leaves 4-10 by scarcely 1 in., lanceolate,
subobtuse (not acutely setaceous) at tip, hardly scabrous, with white hairs or gla-
brate; sheaths conspicuously winged or not. Panicle commonly straggling, lower
partial panicles on peduncles 0-5 in., narrow or condensed 1-2 in. long, but some-
times evolute more rigid subpyramidal, Fem. spikelets 3 in. long, ferruginous-green,
glabrous. Nut scarcely yz in. in diam., at first white, the raised reticulations
vered with minute ferruginous hairs, at last often nearly smooth shining white
shallowly reticulated. Diss small, salver-shaped, 3 lobes of margin triangular (rarely
lanceolate) reaching to 4—4 height of nut.

6. S. biflora, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 573; slender, nearly glabrate, roots
fibrous, panicle elongate thin lower branches remote, style 3-fid, nut tessel-
ate, lobes of disc-margin lanceolate acute or subulate erect stout ferrn-
fnous-brown. S. Steudeliana, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. ii. 344; Boeck. in
Linnea, xxviii. 475. S. tessellata, Benth. Hl. Hongk. 399; Thw. Enum.
9, a (not B); Kunth Enum. ii. 343 (partly).—Scleria, Wall. Cat. 3405 B.

Lower BENGAL, Wallich; Calcutta, C. B. Clarke; Mudhopoor Jungle,
C. B. Clarke, CACHAR, Keenan. CEYLON, Walker. — DISTRIB, Malaya, 8.

ina,

Usually glabrous except the (so-called) ligule of leaf. Fem. glume scabrid on its
keel Upwards, or smooth. Lobes of disc-margin reaching to 3-} height of nut.—
ü 55 may be regarded as a var. of S. tessellata (which it altogether resembles), only
ifering in the lobes of the dise-margin.

1. S. Stocksiana, Boeck. in Linnza, xxxviii. 474; nearly glabrons,
Panicle elongate thin lower branches remote, style 3-fid, nut tessellate, lobes
0 dise-margin short ovate ferruginous their edges reflexed auriculate. 5.
tessellata (part), Herb. Ind. Or. Hook. f. & T.
Boupay, Law. >
he examples show only panicles, without leaves or roots. Nut rather larger
nd more glabrous than of S. tessellata. Disc dark red, glandular.—May have a
"zontal rhizome, and be more nearly allied to S. junciformis.

** Nut smooth or very obscurely reticulated.

8. S. annularis, Kunth Enum. ii. 359; slightly hairy, rhizome 0,
Panicles axillary remote oblong rigid, style 3-fid, nut ovoid stoney-white,
lan margin truncate. Boeck. in Linnea, xxxviii. 456. Hypoporum annu-

te, Nees ms, (fide Kunth). ;
Y N.-WEsT INDIA, Royle. Bencar, Griffith. CENTRAL INDIA; Chunda, Duthie.
ALABAR, Law.—Distris. China. : ths 3-winged
oots fibrous, dark-red. Stems 1-2 ft., slender or medium ; shea » ! silay.
D glabrous. Zeares 4-8 by 2 in., lanceolate, tip subobtuse. WC Ne gh
To y iin, subspicate, secondary bracts conspicuously eee ea. ry smooth.
a, Very like those of S. tessellata. Nut 4 in, not apiculate, very A well
ite obeonie, as long as contracted nut-base, smooth, chestnut or reddish.—A well-

"ed species, externally very like S. tessellata.

hairy
often

excl. Madagasc.); slender,
panicles axillary

rea S. Zeylanica, Poir. Encycl. vii. 9 (
]l (mature) white

farly gl. : : i hardly any,
glabrous or thinly hairy, rhizome hardly
distant small, fern, glumes. glabrous, style 3-fid, nut sma

688 CLXXIL CYPERACEE. (C. B. Clarke.) [Scleria.

smooth or obscurely reticulate, dise-margin subentire. Nees ia Wight
Contrib. p. 118. S. ceylanica, Kunth Enum. ii. 358; Thw. Enum. " .
Thwaitesiana, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxviii. 454. S. lateriflora, Boec k. l.c.
455; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. xlv., pt. 2, 159. S. hebecarpa, Thw. Enum.
p. 354, 435.

TENASSERIM, Helfer. NICOBARS, Kurz. CEYLON, Thwaites.—DISTRIB. d

Stems 1 ft., connected at base on a very short slender lignescent rhizo nd
Leaves with scattered slender needle-white hairs or glabrescent, tip lanceolate voy
obtuse (not setaceous-caudate). Spikelets small, as of S. tessellata. Nut PA ist-
3s in. in diam., dried young reticulate, mature osseous smooth or nearly so. hardly
margin coloured, glandulose, not (or obscurely) 3-lobed.—S. laza, R. Br.,
difters but by its strictly fibrous roots.

10. S. flaccida, C. B. Clarke (non Steud.) ; slender, softly hairy a
over, roots fibrous, panicles axillary small distant, fem. glames hairy, ui
3-fid, nut small ovoid smooth white, disc-margin subentire colo
glandular.

Assam (in Seebsagur), C. B. Clarke. Drop, Kurz. A icles

Stems un VER) Leaves } in. broad, lanceolate, subobtuse at tip. Mag
axillary, } in. long. Spikelets small, all unisexual, fem. 3 in. long ae rudiment
taining the depauperated sterile apex of the spikelet as a lateral compress te, —Might
(of two glumes) about 3 length of nut. Nut broad, obtuse not GETT i ed
stand as a var. of the Australian S. rugosa, Br., which however has a re
subtnberculated nut.

*** Nut smooth, white, fluted longitudinally.

11. S. caricina, Benth. Fl. Austral. vii. 426; annual, very ee
nearly smooth and glabrous, panicle of several remote aer „margin
clusters, fem. glume sub-3-toothed, style 3-fid, nut very, small, caricinum,
obsolete. S. axillaris, Moun Cat. PI. Ceylon, p. 62. Diplacrum 2» Linnet
Br. Prodr. 241; Endl. Iconogr. t. 25; "hw. Enum. 354; Booch 3 zevlani-
xxxviii. 424. D. tridentatum, Brongn. in Duperr. Voy. t. 26. . in / erb.
cum, Nees in Wight Contrib. p. 119. Olyra malaccensis, Keng
Heyne.— Wall. Cat. 3540.

INDIA, frequent ; from the Sikkim; TERAI and Assam to CEYLON
SERIM.—DIsTRIB. Malaya, China, Australia. 1

Roots fibrous, slender. Stems 1-12 in., tufted. Leares 2 by ss
tip subobtuse ; sheaths trigonous, not winged. Primary bracts (f
gether leaf-like tuft usually of very small subsessile clusters just exs iculate with
sheaths, but in evolute examples, lower clusters are sometimes par
branches 1 in. long. Spikelets all unisexual, fem. jy in. long with 1 ovat
male spikelets closely applied to its base. Fem. spikelet: lowest glume n ly emar-
shaped obtuse ; 2nd glume (sterile) rather longer, boat-shaped, apex Pa linear-
ginate (from the centre of the emargination the midrib is pro wer
triangular point), smooth, 2.ribbed on each side ; 3rd glume sim u
subopposite to it, containing fem. flower; no rudiment of an Upper E^. "pite,
scarcely A. in. in diam.; disc small obpyramidal, margin mo n
truncate.—See Goebel in Ann, Jard. Buit. vii. 132, t. 15, figs. 21729,
the female flower truly terminal, and therefore places the 8p
American Cryptangiec.,

and TENAS-

**** Nut covered by conical tubercles hairy at their tips. b
me ha

12. S. Neesii, Kunth Enum. ii. 358; small, hairy, Geet head)
any, panicle of 2-1 distant axillary clusters (in Ceylon one ter

Scleria, ] OLXXII. CYPERACEE. (C. B. Clarke.) 689

spikelets somewhat large lanceolate hairy, style 3-fid, nut small globose as
though softly glochidiate. Tw. Enum. 354; Boeck. in Linnæa, xxxviii.
9. S. stricta, Moon. Cat. Pl. Ceyl. 62. Hypoporum capitatum, Nees in
TÉ ix. 803, & in Edinb. Phil. Journ. xvii. 267, & in Wight Contrib.

CEYLON, Macrae, &e.—DistR1B. Borneo.

In the Ceylon specimens—Stems 4-8 in. Leaves lanceolate, tip subobtuse. Head
globose, of about 12 spikelets. Spikelets all unisexual (not a Hypoporum), nearly
tin. long, ferruginous; female glume mucronate. Wut about A in. Dise minute,
patent, margin as long as contracted base of nut, pale, truncate scarcely 3-lobed.—
The Ceylon specimens (not plentiful) have uniformly small 1-headed specimens, but
are a small form ofa Borneo plant, which is a foot high with the lower axillary head
of spikelets remote,

Sect. 2. Elat». Robust plants with thick (except in S. psilorrhiza)
Woody horizontal rhizome. Leaves (in many) caudate-setaceous at tip.
artial panicles rigid, often pyramidal. Lobes of disc-margin entire [or
slightly digitate in S. multifoliata].

bh Sheaths (of middle stem-leaves) winged (sometimes in S. elata, and S.
tumensis obscurely).

13. S. hebecarpa, Nees in Linnwa, ix. 303, and in Wight Contrih.
In; scarcely robust, slightly hairy (see also var. 8), panicle thin scarcely
hed, style 3-fid, nut minutely velvety, lobes of disc-margin lanceolate

thin brown concavely applied to nut. Thw. Enum. 435; Boeck. in Linnea,

prvi, 478, S. alata, Moon Cat. Pl. Ceyl. 62. S. scrobiculata, Zoll.
erz, Archip, Ind. ii. 61 (not of Nees). S. stipularis, Thw. Enum. 353, 435
(not of Nees).—Scleria, Wall. Cat. 3415.
Throughout INDIA (except the N.W. arid region), alt. 0-5000 ft., and CEYLON,
mon.—DisrRIB, Malaya, China, Japan, Australia, Polynesia. i
Rhizome lin. in diam:, clothed by ovate striate dark-red scales. Stems usually

i, occasionally taller; sheaths (or some of them) usually distinctly 3-winged.
ves 1 ft. i i in dried specimens more or le te,
; margins scabrous (cutting) in pm 1 f. long, oblong ; partial

Usually lon H .
8 g acuminate, occasionally subobtuse. c 2 a
Panicles usually thin lax of few spikelets, but sometimes stouter pyramidal, their

often much exsert conspicuous, but sometimes short. Spikelets all unisexual ;

80. Lin, slightly scabrous Seele hairy ; fem. glume mucronate; superior sterile
rudiment usually present. Wut 4^; in. long, ovoid, obscurely trigonous, narrowec at
*5 straw-colrd. or brown, nearly always obscurely reticulated, margins a MM
iis; y, Microscopically brown-hispid, or finally glabrate almost shining. Lobes o

argin as much as 1—? height of nut. . .

Ar. pubescens (sp), Stend. Syn. Cyp. 168 ; more hairy, sometimes softly
W^. Benth. Fl. Hongk. 400. S. vestita, Boeck. l. c. xxxviii. 482. de Om la,
n Cat. 3414. S, sumatrensis, var. B, Mig. Fl. Ind. Dat. iii. 341 (not of Re oftl
fom Sikkim and Assam to Chota Nagpore, Malaya, China.—Leaves often softly

us beneath, Rhachis of panicles very hairy. Spikelets sometimes hairy.

l4 s, Thomsoniana, Boeck. in Linnza, xxxviii. 479; robust, gla-

ous à ? ` icles remote narrow slenderly
Dm rhachis of panicle), partial. pame “hairy, lobes of disc-margın

Tel, style 3- tessellated minutely ' c-n
FAM short Mad celexed yellow-brown. S. khasiana, Boeck. Cyp.
ov ii, 29.—Scleria, sp. 12, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. et T. T.

d Ca HILLS; on the southern slope, alt. 0-3000 ft., from Chela to Lakhat,
e T. Ze, MUNEYPrOOR, alt. 2500 ft., C. B. Clarke. vy

You. yy,

690 CLXXII. CYPERACEE, (C. B. Clarke.) [Seleria.

: : 1
Rhizome X in. thick. Stems 3 ft. ; sheaths broadly 3-winged, sometimes obscure y

winged ; ligule glabrate or not, rarely densely hairy. Panicle often tinged m ;

lowest peduncle often 6 in. Spikelets like those of S. hebecarpa ; disc Weg elata by

spongy shortly reflexed as three ears.—Most easily distinguished from 8.

the glabrous rhachis of the panicles.

15. S. alta, Boeck, in Limnwa, xxxviii. 485; robust, glabrous (eve
rhachis of panicle), partial panicles narrow somewhat remote, t base
nut tessellated minutely hairy, lobes of disc-margin 3 united a
appressed to the nut pale green rounded crenate at summit.

. r

Fast BrNGAL; Foot of Khasia Hills, Grifith, J. D. H. § T. T; Mudhopoo

Jungle, C. B. Clarke. . : t

Very near S. Thomsoniana, except the lobes of disc-margin ; secondary brac
longer, more conspicuous.

- or
16. S. elata, Thw. Enum. 353, a (excl. C.P. 825); robnst, wt rigid
less hairy (at least rhachis of panicle), partial panicles of the disc-
pyramidal, style 3-fid, nut tessellated minutely hairy, lobes o Linnea,
margin short obtuse or scarcely obtuse-triangular. Boeck. Willd.) q
xxxviii. 487. S. lithosperma, Roch, FI. Ind. ii. 574 (nof of Willd.)
Hasskarliana, Boeck. in Engler Jahrb, v. [1884] 511. Diap aon
chinensis, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 709.—Scleria, Wall. Cat. 3408, A, U.

ON.—

Throughout INDIA (except the N.W. arid region), alt. 0-2000 ft., and Cer"
DisTRIB, Java, China. 20. n labrous. Leares
Descr. of Thwaites, C.P. 3030.— Stem 3 ft. by 4 in. in diam., e d when dry
1-2 ft. by Àj in., tip attenuated, margins scabrous, cutting the soh broadest ;
recurved ; sheath 3-winged, wings broad or narrow, two wings often los 4 by 3 in,
ligule depressed-ovate, hairy. Panicle 1 ft. by 4 in.; partial panic all unisexual,
branches rectangularly divaricate, red, hairy. ‘Spikelets numerous, ts scarcely
male and fem. scattered in all parts of infl.; panicle dense, bat T brous, sterile
clustered. Fem, spikelets 1 in.; fem. glume shortly mucronate, ES hebecarpts
superior glumes tabescent (generally present). Nut 4-45 in. ob ° of disc-margi"
and similarly becoming glabrate ultimately, white or dusky E lobes of his S. elata
scarcely attaining } height of nut, ferruginous or red.— Thwaites P ring « trialate
* sheaths not winged," whereas Boeckeler puts it in his section inl from C.P
sheaths." The explanation is that Thwaites described S. elata Wu P. 3030,
n. 825 (which is S. chinensis, Kunth, var. 8), while Boeckeler describ hily treated
which is the very common S. elata. Thwaites may, however, have rg pi
is (winged leaf-sheaths) as of small importance. : winged,
Var. latior; stouter, dd often 6-9 ft. very thick, sheaths conspi alt.
panicles large dense, spikelets clustered dusky, nut larger white"

0-3500 ft., common.

Var. decolorans ; robust, panicle dark-red, nuts larger early 000

black-purple as are glumes.—Sikkim, Khasia, Muneypoor, alt. 3-6

S. elata, but

discoloured, finally
ft., common.

17. S. chinensis, Kunth Enum. ii, 357; similar to Ar margin
ligules with an ovate-oblong scarious brown elongation © ees in Wight
é-4 in. long. Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 486. S. ciliaris, Zoll. Pf- 98
Contrib. 117 (not of Mich.. S. scrobiculata, Moritzi Vere.
(not of Nees).

SINGAPORE, Ridley (n. 1556).—DrsTRIB. China, Malaya, N- A pide scarious
Var. biauriculata ; wings of leaf.sheaths narrow or sometime. ene at base
margin of ligule shorter (12 in. long), broad obtuse very fragile Jahrb y, p 9117 |
S. elata, Thw. Enum. 358, partly, S. exaltata, Boeck. in Engier 4 aar" K
Ceylon, Thwaites. Singapore, Ridley (n. 1556).

Seleria.] CLXXIL CYPERACEE, (C. B. Clarke.) 631

. 18. S. Radula, Hance in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xviii. 232; robust,
scabrous, very slightly hairy, partial panicles several peduncled pyramidal,
Secondary bracts long setaceous conspicuous, style 3-fid, nut smooth
white, lobes of disc-margin small ovate. S. levis, var. scaberrima, Benth.
t Hongk. 400 (not S. levis, Retz). S. aspera, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxviii.

" Maray PENINSULA. PERAK, alt. 300 ft., King’s Collector (n. 1929).—DISTRIB.
ongkong.

Closely allied to robust forms of S. elata, Thwaites, but differs by being very
scabrous, by the rhachis and rhacheolx being scabrous (scarcely hairy), and by the
tut being smooth (scarcely tessellate).

.19. S. psilorrhiza, C. B. Clarke; robust, nearly glabrous, rhizome
‘ry slender, panicle contracted nearly to a linear-oblong dense spike,
style 3-fid, nut large smooth white, lobes of disc-margin 3 very short obtuse
thick subreflexed.

Herb. Kew “a CarcuTTA communicata ;” specimen in fine fruit.— There is
What I take to be a young example of the same species from Cambodia.

Rhizome creeping, de in. in diam., clothed by distant ovate striate red scales.
tems 2 ft., scabrous. Leaves 1 ft. by i in.; sheath 3-winged; ligule ovate, obtuse
glabrous, Panicle 2-23 by $ in., stout, rhachis somewhat hairy; lower branches
iin, secondary bracts 4-1 in. filiform. Spikelets all unisexual, as of S. hebecarpa
ind g, elata ; fem. glume aristate. Nut i iu. long, ovoid, scarcely at all trigonous
D hairy; disc obpyramidal, rigid, purpurescent, margin very narrow with rigid
Lo lobes.—Quite unlike the five last sp., and is perhaps more allied to S.
Ck SiO ng.

20. S. oryzoides, Pres? Rel. Haenk. i. 201; robust, glabrous, panicle
oe terminal nearly bractless dense with numerous long suberect branches,
Spikelets solitary spicate, style 3-fid, nut smooth white, disc truncate.
es in Wight Contrib. 116; Thw. Enum. 353. S. latifolia, Moon Cat.

CH 62. S. orizoides, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxviii. 492.— Wall. Cat.

"Ped INDIA; from AssAM to CEYLON and to MALACCA.—DISTRIE. Zanzibar,
ya, Philippi ralia. .
Stolons long, terete. à in. in diam., usually without scales (because in water).
ft., scabrous. Leaves up to 3 ft. by 2 in., margins very scabrous, ip
Dien narrowed; sheath 3-winged or not rarely nearly wingless ; ligul e 0.
tanic long-peduncled, 6 by 3-4 in. ; branches often once divided, secondary n
ample, Spikelets unisexual ; some plants are nearly male; in others the fem. spi e-
(much less fewer than the males) are near base of spikes. Fem. spikelets 4 in ;
fu. glume scarcely mucronate. Nut À in. in diam., globose ; lobes of dise extreme d
Dm reflexed (Nees by some error says the perigynium is profoundly 3-lobe
Vpresseq to the nut),

" ** Sheaths (of middle stem-leaves) triguetrous, not, or very obscurely,
nged,

T Leaves (that is those next below the bracts) almost regularly alternate.

k n. S. Hookeriana,
An hairy, partial panicles 1
d clets chestnut-colrd., style 3-fid, nut very
j,.5-margin (obscurely 3) broad obtuse thick reflexed.
‘d. Ind, Or. H Set T T.

Boeck. in Linnea, xxxviii. 498 ; robust, more
-3 lanceolate or ovoid branches erect,
obscurely reticulated, lobes
—Scleria sp., n. 13,

Yy2

692 CLXXII. CYPERACER. (C. B. Clarke.) [Scleria.

Kwasia and Naca HiLLs, and MuNEYPooR, alt. 4-6000 ft., J. D. H. $4 T. T,
- B. Clarke, Watt. .

ý porn SA in. in diam., covered by small ovate striate black-red scales, be
3 ft., glabrous. Leaves up to 1 ft. by + in., tip setaceous, glabrous or hai SÉ gan
usually wingless or occasionally distinctly 3-winged. Spikelets nad “Most easily
Nut tin. long, young white shallowly tessellate, mature smooth shi i ia larly divari-
known from the S. elata by the panicle-branches ascending (not rec : SI 4 dense
cate). In the specimen Hooker sent to Berlin, the panicle is contrac "is "haraotet
ellipsoid-oblong compound spike, and Boeckeler founded the species oae lower partia!
but in well evolute examples, the panicle is large compound—
panicles several, 8 in. apart.

22. S. khasiana, C. B. Clarke (not of Boeck); robust, softly hay
all over, partial panicles 1-3 lanceolate or subovoid branches + minutely
3-fid, nut reticulate hairy, lobes of disc-margin short ovate erec
apiculated.

KuasrA Hiris, alt. 4500-5750 ft., C. B. Clarke. . re
Similar and allied to S. Hookeriana, but less robust, more hairy, tos tt
reticulated, lobes of disc-margin erect, lanceolate-caudate. Leaves 4s (except brac-
tip, very hairy; sheaths densely (usually retrorsely) hairy. Spi e "ong ultimately
teoles) nearly glabrous, often brown sometimes chestnut. Nut is hei ht of nut.—5
retienlated hairy; tails of lobes of disc-margin reaching to j heig
khasiana, Boeck., is S. Thomsoniana.

1 - ized,
23. S. junciformis, Thw. Enum. 354 (not of Kunth) ; medi id
hairy, rhizome short branched, panicle narrow, spikes distant lobes very
nut largeish obtuse obscurely reticulate, disc-margin trunca n, Cat. Pl
short reflexed. S. hirsuta, Moon Cat. EE Geyt. 623 D A7. Cylin-
Ceyl. 103 (not of Boeck.). S. pilosa, Boeck. in ANNELA, ` . xvii
dropus le Nees in Linnea, ix. 309, & in Edinb. Phil. Journ
266, and in Wight Contrib. 118.

CEYLON; Reingan Corle, Thwaites (C.P. 3225). Leaves

Rhizome 1 in. in diam., contorted, Lë nearly 3 ft., rather slender. partial
up to 18 by } in., tip lanceolate subobtuse. Panicle very slen rg ikelets nearly
panicle (spike-like) 1 in., nodding on a slender peduncle 2-4 UN, , on. long, as 0
3 in., ferruginous, almost glabrous, no bisexual spikelets seen. nd infl, but the
B. tessellata.—Approaches S. tessellata by its subobtuse leaves 8 ,
rhizome differs. ly gle

24. S. melanostoma, Boeck. in Linnza, xxviii. 814 deeg eg
brous except rhachis of panicle, leaves at nearly regular dis rtia "panicles
not winged, ligule short narrowly scarious-margined, patie lack
distant pyramidal, nut tessellated pale or often becoming o Dem,
disc-lobes very short depressed ovate. S. Hasskarliana Nees & Arn. ms
Boeck. in Engler, Jahrb. v. 511, 513. S. melanosperma, Ne $ T, T.
in Herb. Wight, n. 2377.—Scleria sp. 15, Herb. Ind. Or. H.S.

SULA;
BENGAL and KHASIA Hits, frequent, Griffith, Ee, DECCAN PENINS
tallum, Wight.—Disrrig. Java. d like it varies from
This species is S. elata, without wings to the leaf-sheaths, an blackish nuts oc
l to 8 ft. As to the colour of the nut, white and discoloured te, and it was è
often in one panicle.—Some of Hooker’s Scleria, n. 15, is S. elata,
formerly so named by Boeckeler,
ctly ( falsely)

Cour-

tt Leaves (that is those next below the bracts) imperfe
opposite or ternate.

kleria. | CLXXII. CYPERACEE. (C. B. Clarke.) 693

i 25. S. bancana, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 602; robust, nearly gla-

‘ous, partial panicles dense approximate subcoalescent branches ascend-

pt, sbikelets dusky stramineous, style 3-fid, nut ovoid apiculate reticulate,

d 8 of disc-margin 3 ovate-triangular auricles reflexed. S. macrophylla,

[ne Rel. Haenk. i. 200; Nees in Wight Contrib. 116. S. malaccensis,
ck, in Linnea, xxxviii. 007.—Scleria, Wall. Cat. 3409.

` TENASSERIM, Kurz. Maracca, Grifith. SINGAPORE, Wallich.—DisTRIB.
orneo, Tonkin,

Rhizome woody, 3-8 in. diam. Stems 2-4 ft. Leaves (upper approximated in
P) 12-18 by 4 in., tip lanceolate subobtuse; sheath triquetrous sometimes nar-
Wy 3-winged. Panicle uninterrupted in Indian examples (in Borneo lowest partial
panicle is sometimes 5 in. distant); secondary bracts long, linear, conspicuously
art. Spikelets nearly as of S. elata. Nut de in. in diam., white or straw-colrd.,
mutely hairy, ultimately glabrate; lobes of disc-margin reachiug to } height of
Ui, adpressed, pale.

Be S. multifoliata, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxviii. 510; robust, nearly
Pabrous or (var.) hairy, partial panicles pyramidal red (except var.), style
Wë nut reticulate hairy often finally discoloured, lobes of disc-margin 3
"angular attaining i-i height of nut.—Scleria, Wall. Cat. 3407 (partly)

9810 (partly), 3411 (partly).
Hi ANGOON and Tavoy, Wallich. SiNcaAPORE, Grifith, &c.—DisTRIB. Malay

leaves (next below lowest bract) in (false) whorls of 2 or 3, tip setaceous,
uu rins scabrous cutting the hand; sheaths not winged. Nut-bearing spikelets
ue hat obovoid. Nut Ae in. long, rather narrower than in adjacent species, often
lately dark red, shining or subviscid. Margin of disc cup-shaped at base, its
be es thick red adpressed sometimes entire often crenulate occasionally their edge
into Short oblong blunt lobes terminated by glands (approaching sub-gen.
x ‘zolepis).—Most readily distinguished from S. sumatrensis by the narrowed base
the fruiting spikelet, .
ik ar. pilosula; more hairy, leaves beneath densely softly hairy, panicles and
d elets fuscous stramineous. S. pubescens, Zoll. Verz. Ind. Archip. ii. 61 (not of
We -).—Penang, King’s Collector, &c. Java.—Plant 3-6 ft.; spikelets greenish

vs (King); lower bracts subopposite (like the upper leaves) ; panicle only slightly

elets narrow,
cca; summit

b Var, Ophirensis; panicles fuscous, lower peduncles long, male spik
which might

"nu disc-margin shorter (than in S. multifoliata type), pale.—Mala
t. Ophir, alt. 5000 ft., Hullett (n. 869).—A very coarse rigid ferm,

fated as a species,

?7. S. sumatrensis, Retz. Obs. v. 19, t. 2; robust, nearly glabrous,
d, style 3-fid, nut globose reticulate

Ziel pauicles pyramidal brown or re 1 ate
æn finally discoloured, lobes of disc-margin very large attaining 57i
eight of nut obtuse. Nees in Wight Contrib. 116; Thw. Enum. 353;
eck, in Tinnæa, xxxviii. 513; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. xlv., part 2, 159.
"Getigera, Boch, Fl. Ind. iii. 575. S. purpurascens, Steud. Syn. Cyp. 169.

~Scleria, Wall. Cat. 3407 (partly), 3408 B, 3413. E
8. BENGAL to SINGAPORE, frequent. NICOBARS, Kurz. PrNANG, Wallich.

Fries —Disr

Sonn em bles S. multifoliata, Boeck., and most easily distinguished by the broad
"ded base of the fruiting spikelets.—Secondary bracts 1 in., filiform, often con-
vous, Nuti in, diam., mature glabrate, pale or brown, or often dark red
ming, Lobes of disc-margin sometimes nearly enveloping the nut, truncate

met;
"times crenulate undulate.

694 CLXXII. OYPERACEE. (C. B. Clarke.) [Seleria.

28. S. levis, Retz Obs. iv.13; robust, nearly glabrous, partial panicles
pyramidal rigid brown, style 3-fid, nut globose smooth, v ht f nut.
of disc-margin 3 ovate pale spreading attaining scarce 3 og in Wight
S. levis, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 314; Roxb. Fl. Ind. lii. 5751 Ner) "Kurz in
Contrib. 117; Thw. Enum, 354; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 5 / PL. Gel
Journ. As. Soc. xlv., part 2 [1876] 160. S. zeylanica, Moon Ca , ` A d
62 (fide Trimen, not of Poiret).—Scleria, Wall. Cat. 3410 (partly),

artly).
p From Assam to SINGAPORE, alt, 0-1000 ft. Niconans, Kurz. CzrLon.—DIs-
TRIB. Java, Hongkong. A ‘tingui

Similar to S. sumatrensis and S. multifoliata, but generally easily distinguished
by the globose white nut.— Panicle usually slenderer than in S. sumatrons 1? ante.
dary bracts less conspicuous. Glume to the nut broadly ovate at base, e dise margin
Nut 455-3 in. in diam., depressed-globose, somewhat trigonous; lobes o toothed.
somewhat thick, white with green nerves, at tip entire or slightly crenate-

Sect, 3. ScuızoLerIs (Genus), Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. ii. (pars. D YS
186 (char. extended). Character of Elatw, but rim of disc-marg
numerous triangular or lanceolate teeth.

. ial
29. S. bracteata, Cav. Ic. v. 34, t. 457; robust, hairy, P pe
panicles several upper male with numerous small spikelets, lower ad. nut
fewer larger spikelets (1-sexual plants also occur), style l toothed.
globose verrucose, rim of disc truncate rigid crenulate or scarce d "vi
Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 515. Macrolomia bracteata, Nees v. C.
i. 24.
TROPICAL AMERICA, abundant. , : tri-
Var, B assamica; nut tessellate scarcely verrucose, rim of disc with mr j
angular (sometimes narrow almost lanceolate) teeth. —Sceleria, n. 6, e separated
H.f. & T.— Assam, Masters (in Herb Kew).—This Assam plant canne into Assam ;
from Schizolepis. lt is not easy to conjecture how it could be introduc evertheless.
but I believe it to be only a form of the purely American S. bructeata n

UNDETERMINED SPECIES OF Scleria. «00 ft, Rink—
ScLERIA RINKJANA, Boeck. Cyp. Nov. ii. 30.— Drago, alt. 2500 ft,
“ Allied to S. tessellata, Willd.," Boeck.

27. KOBRESIA, Willd.

. -like

Glabrous, nearly smooth, perennials. Stem simple, bearing grass
leaves near base only and one cylindric or oblong terminal spl tly often
sect. 4) leaves and several loosely panicled spikes. Spikes (app ets male,
simple) 1-sexual, or 2-sexual (when fem. spikelets inferior). Bp! ` mes (the
or fem. ]-fld., or bisexual with one fem, fl. at base. Fem. 9 ar ins in
bracteole to spikelet) homologous with utricle of Carew, its forming
their lower half more orless connate in their upper half ier ; encloses
thus frequently an imperfect utricle (which in bisexual spikele fd (in A.
rhachilla of male 1-4-fld. upper portion of spikelet). Style 2- narrowl
macrantha 2-fid). Nut usually as long as glume, oblong OF region.
obovoid, trigonous (in K. macrantha flat).—Species 20, N. temp.

_ Sect. I. Hemicarex (Gen.) Benth. in Gen. PI. iii. 1072 (chiefly) LA,
with l apparently simple linear or oblong spike. Fem. spike ,
Mn sometimes the rudiment of rhachilla within fem. §

~

Kobresia.] CLXXIL CYPERACER. (C. B. Clarke.) 695

1. X. seticulmis, Boeck. in Linngæa, xxxix. 3 partly (char. reform.) ;
stems slender 2-8 in., vernal leaves flat linear-lanceo'ate tipped, spikes 3-1
in. linear fem. or fem. at base male at top, fem. glume deeply split, style
3-tid, nut (including exserted beak) Je in. Hemicarex Hookeri, C. B.
Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xx. 383 (partly). Carex (better Kobresia)
mutans, Boott ms.—Klyna sp. 2, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. T.

SIKKIM ; alt. 12-13,000 ft., Lachen Valley, at Momay, J. D. H.

Rhizome very short, woody ; roots long, thick, tough. Stems cæspitose. Vernal
leaves 2 by A in, summer 5-8 in., tip long-caudate, filiform, scabrous; sheath
testaceous, becoming brown, not fimbriated. Spikes Ae in. broad; bracteoles (cor-
responding to “glumes” of carex) rhomboid-ovate, brown, yellow on back, lower
often more or less aristate, upper obtuse. Glume (i.e. utricle), subspathiform, at
top obliquely truncate, with 2 green ribs; a minute rudiment of rhachilla is some-
times within it. Nut linear-oblong, brown, as long as glume; beak j-2 length of
nut, exsert.—Boeckeler united with K. seticulmis, filicina, and his description of
seaculmis is mainly drawn from filicina (he had only a scrap of K. seticulmis.)

2. K. Hookeri, Jeck. in Linnea, xxxix. 4; stems rather slender
4-12 in., vernal leaves flat linear-lanceolate tipped, spikes (all fem. at base
male at top but see var. B) 13-13 in. linear, narrower interrupted at base,
fem. glume deeply split, style 3-fid, nut (including exserted beak) } in.
Carex Esenbeckii? Boott ms. (not of Kunth). Hemicarex Hookeri, C. B.
Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xx. 383 (partly), t. 30, figs. 3, 4.

SIKKIM, alt. 11-13,000 ft. ; Lachen, J. D. H.; Singale-lah, C. B. Clarke.

Closely allied to K. seticulmis, but larger in all its parts. Leaves } in. broad ;
Summer leaves 1 foot long caudate-tipped.—In this group, the stems in flower are
short, surrounded by lanceolate-tipped leaves; in fruit the stems are greatly
elongated, with long-caudate summer leaves.

ar. P B dioica; spikes (very many seen) unisexual,—SIKKIM ; Namdee, alt.
12,000 ft., Pantling.—Male spikes 2 by Lin, Fem. spikes 2-24 in., in two examples
branched, These are spring examples, and may be K. Hookeri, or a new species
allied thereto,

3. K. angusta, C. B. Clarke; stems slender 1-5 in.,all leaves very
narrow, spikes dioecious males short (on short stems) sublanceolate fem. (on
elongating stems) linear-filiform interrupted at base, style 3-fid, nut nearly
as in K. seticulmis, but beak shorter.

SIKKIM ; Sundukphoo, alt. 12,000 ft., C. B. Clarke. .

Vernal leaves 2 by A, in; summer leaves 4-5 iu. Male stems 1-2 in.; male
Spikes 4-2 by il in. ; male bracteoles elliptic-lanceolate, brown, back green, edges
Karious, Fem. stems ultimately 4-5 in. ; fem. spikes (young) 1j by 4; in.

4 K. vaginosa, C. B. Clarke; culms 4-8 in. clothed some way up
ly withered sheaths, leaves all filiform, spikes (mostly dicecious) | male
near-oblong fem. linear with distant bracteoles, style 3-fid, nut linear-
oblong, beak 4 length of nut.

SikKiM; Lachen Valley, at Momay, alt. 15,000 ft., J. D. H.

Stems covered up to 13 their length by scarious flaccid sheaths. Leaves 2-6
m., at base scarcely A, in. broad. Male stems about as long as female. Male
‘Pikes 2 p 35 in. Fem. spikes (sometimes having male spikelets at top) 1 in.,
Most of the bracteoles (except a few at top) not imbricated,

5. K. trinervis, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxix. 548, in note; stems 2-8

in. rather slender, summer leaves very long not long-caudate, spikes
(usually dioecious) fem. 23 in. linear, male bracteoles elliptic-oblong obtuse

696 CLXxIL OYPERAOEX. (C. B. Clarke.) [ Kobresia.

cinnamon colour, style 3-fid. C. trinervis, Nees in Wight Contrib. 120 ot
of Degland). C. Esenbeckii, Kunth Enum. ii. 522; Strachey | Boot
Kumaon, 73; E. T. Atkins. Gaz. x. 618 (not of Boott). C. linearis, [on
Carez, i. 51 (partly), Hemicarex trinervis, C. B. Clarke in Journ. .
Soc. xx. 382 in small part (was chiefly C. linearis, Boott). "
Western NEPAL; Royle n. 138. GuxwHAL; alt. 10,000 ft., Strachey
deco testaceous or somewhat chestnut-colour, lacerate., Mel ally a
12-16 by j-jin. fat. Male spikes 3-1 by jim. Fem. spikes with occathu T
few male spikelets at top.— This does not greatly differ from K. mE linearis,
the summer leaves are shorter, long-candate. It hardly differs from Care
Boott, but by the “ utricle?? being split 2 the way down to base.

6. K. foliosa, C. B. Clarke ; dicecious, stems 20 in. somewhat ERES
summer leaves 20 by 4 in. not caudate-setaceous, female "P green,
linear, male bracteoles elliptic-lanceolate acute yellow-brown
style 3-fid. D

GuRWHAL; alt. 11-13,000 ft., Duthie (nn. 57, 4494). . K.

Rhizome oblique, stout, thick with MM leaf-sheaths.—Closely allied to
trinervis, but larger.

. ves
7. K. fissiglumis, C. B. Clarke; female stems 4-5 in, summor ol
4-5 by 45-3 in. not caudate-setaceous, fem. spikes l in. linear
fem. glume split down to base margins quite free, style 3-fid.
WESTERN NEPAL; alt. 12,500 ft., Duthie (n. 6092). rate.
Stems slender, not thickened at base ; ege tight, brown, A, H
Fem. spikes lax, somewhat interrupted at base; upper bracteoles * dd female; A
obtuse, black with green back. Pistil distinctly sta llced.— Specimen belong to this
male plant sent by Duthie under the same number appears not to
epecies (possibly K. foliosa).

: ceous,
8. K. pygm:ea, C. B. Clarke; stems 1-12 in., leaves ii in y essor
spikes 3-5 in. oblong, style 3-fid, beak of nut very short, i Soc. xx. 999
from glume. Hemicarex pygmæa, C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn.
—Elyna sp. n. 7, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. et T. T. vn; Jacque
Western Ter: Ladak, alt. 12-15,000 ft., Thomson. EUMD H: Phari;
mont, n. 1783. SIKKIM; Momay and Kangra Lama, 13-15,000 fta ale
G. King. Leaves nume
Stems in dense tufts; leaf-sheaths testaceous, little torn. n
channelled, Spikesunisexual. Bracteoles ovate-oblong, scarcely a ma
male paler. Fem. spikelets 4-6 in each spike. Fem. glume having ked.
toward base, Nut A. in., oblong-ellipsoid, pale, apiculate, hardly bea ith 1 app
Sect. 2. ELYNA (Gen.) Schrad. Fl. Germ. i. 155. Stem Zem d
rently simple linear or oblong spike. Fem. spikelets (at el 1 Style
lower ones) with rhachilla (within fem. glume) bearing 14 m to base.
2-fid. [Glume (i.e. homologue of utricle in Carew) split down

. 1 " narrow

_ 9. K. filicina, C. B, Clarke; slender, fem. spikes 1-15 ng. beak
linear neither rigid nor dense, style 3-fid, nut small narrow . xr

exsert often ultimately recurved. K. seticulmis, Boeck. in Soc. XX
3 (partly). Hemicarex filicina, C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn-

—Elyna sp. n. 1, Herb, Ind. Or. H. f. & T. T. thie è

N.W. HIMALAYA, alt. 10,000 ft. ; Simla, Thomson ; Kumaon, Du slender, jm

Stems 2-10 in. Leaves 4-6 by Ae in., tip caudate. Spike very late, acute

- : ntic-Janeeo
broad, green ultimately brown. Upper bracteoles ds in., elliptic-lane

Kobresia. | CLXXIL CYPERACEE. (C. B. Clarke.) 697

Lower spikelets mostly 2-fld. ie. lower fem., upper male. Nut nearly as long as
glume ; beak 4 length of nut.

_ 10. K. Duthiei, C. B. Clarke; stems medium-sized rigid, spikes
linear dense green, style 3-fid, nut small narrowly obovoid, beak short
scarcely overtopping glume.

" KuMAON, alt. 11-16,000 ft., Duthie (nn. 3461, 6093, 6094) and Gurwhal (n.

16).

Stems densely caspitose, 4-8 in., striate; lower sheaths tight, not lacerate.
Leaves many, 2—4 length of stem, A. in. broad, flat, tip caudate. Spikes 1 by 4; in.,
very rigid; bracteoles A, in. ovate, closely spirally imbricated. Spikelets mostly
2-fld. upper flower male. Nut, including beak, about as long as glume; beak A
leugth of nut.

ll. X. capillifolia, C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xx. 378;
somewhat slender, leaves linear-setaceous, sheaths chestnut-colour some-
what torn, spikes linear, bracteoles obtuse erect margins scarious, style
3-fid, nut ellipsoid (scarcely obovoid) narrowed at top into linear style.

- Scirpina, Boeck. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xviii. 104 and xix. 90. K. elata
and K. brunnescens, Boeck. Cyp. Nov. i. 32, 40. Elyna capillifolia, Deene.
in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 173, t. 174. E. spicata, Boiss. Fl. Orient, v. 994.—
Elyna, sp. n. 6, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. & T. T.

KasuuiR to GURWHAL, alt. 10-12,000 ft., frequent, Jacquemont, T. Thomson,

€. KURRUM VALLEY; alt. 12,500 ft., Aitchison.

Stems 2-12 in. Spikes 2-1 by i-i in, brown chestnut-colour or yellow ;
bracteoles iin. Spikelets mostly 3-4-fld. Nut shorter than glume.— Very near the
European X. scirpina, Willd., but is a finer plant, with a brighter thicker spike.

19. K. schoenoides, Boeck. in Linnæa, xxxix. 7; stems stout rigid,
leaves linear channelled incurved, sheaths shining brown very little torn,
spikes oblong dense, bracteoles } in. elliptic oblong obtuse, style 3-fid,
hut obovoid obtuse, beak small linear. <Aitch. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xix.
90; C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xx. 378 (not of Henders.). K.
sibirica, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxix.7. K. Royleana, Henders. Yarkand 339
(not Trilepis Royleana, Wees). Elyna schcenoides, C. A. Meyer in Ledeb.
FL Alt. iv. 935 (in mole); Kunth Enum.. ii. 534; Strachey Cat. PI.
Kumaon, 73; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 394. E. Sibirica, Turcz. in Bull. Soc.
Imp. Mose. (1838) 103.

HIMALAYA ; alt. 10-16,000 ft. from W. TIBET, Thomson, to SIKKIM, J. D. H.—

ISTRIB, Caucasus, Central Asia, Siberia. 2n tems

Rhizome woody, short. Stems 4-24 in., 45-1 in. diam. Leaves as long as stems,

,9 scarcely $ of stem, ;1,—1 in. broad, Spikes 4-1 by 3 in. ; bracteole- chaffy, loosely
€

™bricated, suberect. "Spikelets 1-5-fld., lowest fl. fem., or towards top of spike

Wholly male, Nut Ae in., ashy black.

13. K. . Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xx. 379, t. 80, fig. 7 ;
stems bebe pe Sa DA incurved, sheaths testaceous-brown
scarcely lacerate, spike ellipsoid dense, bracteoles in. ovate obtuse shining,
style 3-fid, nut obovoid obtuse, beak very short scabrous.

West. HIMALAYA, alt. 12-15,000 ft.; Kashmir, C. B. Clarke; Kumaon and
Gurwhal, Duthie.

. H , ]- 1
Stems 2-10 in. Leaves overtopping stem. Spikes a | ut nd
restnut-colour, paler on back, margins often white-scarious. Nut j; in.,

at of K. schenoides.

by } in. Bracteoles shining
very like

698 CLXXJI. CYPERACEE. (C. D. Clarke.) [ Kobresia.

Sect. 3. EUKOBRESIA. Spike on each stem 1, linear oblong or omo
compound subpaniculate, dense or interrupted at base (but smaller simp t
spikes occur in most species occasionally). Lower spikelets bisexual excep
in C. uncinoides. Style 3-fid.—Trilepis, Nees in Edinb. N. Phil. Journ,
xvii, 267 (as to type species).

14. K. Royleana, Boeck, in Linnea, xxxix. 8; stems somewhat stout,
leaves linear flat when dried, spikelets medium-sized purple green 9
ferruginous-brown, style 3-fid, nut ellipsoid attenuated into bea dw
stenocarpa, C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xx. 380. K. sehn
Henders. Yarkand, 339 (not of Boeck... Trilepis Royleana, Nees m feu n
N. Phil. Journ. xvii. 267 and in Wight Contrib. 119; Kunth Enum ^
535 ; Strachey Cat. Pl. Kumaon, 73. Elyna stenocarpa, Karel & Kiru.
Bull. Soc. Imp. Mosc. xv. (1842), 526.

ALPINE HIMALAYA, alt. 10-16,000 ft. ; from W. Tiset, Thomson, to SIKEM,
J. D. H., frequent.—DrsTRIs. North Cabul, Central Asia. metimes

Stem in Royle's specimens scarcely 4 in., in Thomson's 2 ft. Leaves so Spikes
as long as stem, often very much shorter, very variable in width (35-4 in.) ge
(in Royle’s) 2 by j in. in Thomson's up to 2} in, panicled, branches hem,
with many spikelets, ferruginous brown. Lower spikelets 4 in., often 3- e) with
13 in.—The large series of dried examples appears to unite Royle 8 (the typ Willd.,
the fine collections of Thomson. Closely allied to the English K. earicina,
but has, in general, much larger brighter spikes.

15. K. uncinoides, C. B. Clarke ; robust, infl. oblong dense compo
(a second panicle on remote long peduncle occasionally adde ) P ong
in large part l-sexual, lower spikelets fem. l-nutted; fem. BU yle-base
utriculate deeply split down, style 3-fid, nut oblong fine brown, $ y xxxike
linear. Carex uncinoides, Boot? Carew, i. 8, t. 23 ; Boeck. im Linnea,
109.—Triticoides, Griff. Itin. Notes, 140. TRIB.
TIED; alt. 10-16,000 ft., J. D. H., &c. BHOTAN; Grifith, Jm
lbet. -9 ft.

Glabrous. Rhizome 3in. by 1in. diam., woody, densely scarred. Stems pn
striate. Leaves sub-basal, very much shorter than stem. nfl. 3 bys b DA. its
yellow, somewhat interrupted at base. Glume to fem. spikelet i d Yallovly
brown, delicately striate, microscopically pubero-ciliate, mouth whitene ong state
lacerate on one side split down below the top of nut sometimes even 10 d utricolar
nearly to base of nut. Rudiment of the spicula exsert out of mouth fit fold over
glume,—Boott shows the utricle nearly complete; the margins of the sì e, Itisa
as in several other Kobresia, and escaped his artist's microscopic Bä differs
typical Kobresia very like Royleana (except the linear style-base) 3 1t M
from Elyna kokanica, Regel (Descr. Pl. fasc. 8. 23) except in its larger 8120:

m thy)
Sect 4. HEMICAREX (Genus), Benth. in Gen. Pl. n. 107 (party
Spikes loosely panicled ; lowest bract long, leaf-lıke. Style 3-üd.

l lon
spikes l- or 2-sexual (lowest spikelet fem.), style 3-fid, nut, WC "T int
apiculate scarcely beaked. K. pseudo-laxa, C. B. Clarke vm Ju a P laxa
Soc. xx. 981. Cobresia laxa, Nees in Wight Contrib. 119. EI. C. P;
Kunth Enum. ii. 534. Hemicarex laxa, Benth. Gen. PI. i. , Le 343

Clarkel.c.385,t. 30. Carex i tata, Boeck. in Linnea, xl-
(the Himal. plant). ex impunctata,

ALPINE HiMALAYA, alt, 650C-12,000 ft.; from N.W. KAsHEMIP
Sikkim, J. D. H.

Giles, 9

WT

Kobresia.] CLXXIL CYPERACEX. (C. B. Clarke.) 699

Rhizome creeping, short. Leaves as long as stem, ;'; in. broad, grass-like.
Pavicle 2-4 in. long, narrow, branches slender erect ; sometimes wholly fem., rarely
wholly male. Fem. spikes long, slender, with lanceolate distant spikelets ; bracteoles
not imbricated, style-branches conspicuous exsert. Fem. spikelets usually 1-fld.,
‘ometimes an. upper male fl. added. Male spikelets 3-several-fld. Style linear,
hardly 4 length of nut; branches 8, linear very long.

17. K. curvirostris, C. B. Clarke; stems 4-6 in. slender, spikes
(all seen fem.) densely panicled, nut narrowly oblong, beak cylindric exsert
curved. Hemicarex curvata, C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xx. 884.—
Elyna sp. n. 10, Herb. Ind. Or. Hf. & T. T.

SIKKIM; Tungu, alt. 13,000 ft., J. D. H.

Leaves as long as stem, 45 in. broad. Panicle 1 by j in.—Resembling, and
closely allied to, K. laxa.

Sect. 5. PsEUDOKOBRESIA. Style 2-fid. Nut flat.

.18. K. macrantha, Boeck. Cyp. Nov. i. 39; spike ovoid compound,
spikelets clustered mostly 3-5-fld. lowest flower female, glume split to base,
margins not overlapping. K. filifolia, C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc.
XX. 981. Elyna filitolia, Turez Fl. Baical. Dahur. ii. part i. 288 (from
descript.).

W. TIBET; Nubra, Schlagintweit (n. 2424) and Ladak (n. 1344).—DisTRIB.

Central Asia.
. Khizome short. Stems cæspitose, 2-7 in. Leaves many, } length of stem, 75-75
ìn, broad, flat; sheaths pale, not torn. Spike $ by 4 in. Bracteoles 1 in., ovate-
obloug, obtuse, nearly flat, brown with green back. Fem. glume elliptic-oblong,
obtuse, concave, open (nowise utricle-like.) Nut de in., obovoid, obtuse, brown ;
style linear, 2 length of nut ; branches 2, long, linear.

98. CAREX, Linn.

Characters of Kobresia, but utricle enclosing nut bottle-shaped,
Mouth of its beak entire notched or shortly slit.—Species 1100 throughout

* world, less abundant in dry or very hot regions.

The so-called ‘‘ glumes” of Caricew are not homologous with the fl. glumes of
Scirpee, The male spike is here considered homologous with the female spike;
A^ not as by Eichler and others who consider in C. dioica the wale plant to bear a
"ple spike, the fem. plant to bear a compound spike.

Consrectus or SECTIONS OF CAREX (exceptions omitted).

Subgenus I. Vignea. Style 2-fid.

Sect. I. Muricate. Terminal spike fem. at base, male at top.

* Spikes short, ovoid or oblong (C. muricata, &c.) . . 8p. 1-10
* Spikes linear-cylindric (C. brunnea, &e.). . . . . 8p. 11-1
Sect. 2. Remote, Terminal spike male at base, fem. at top. 15-18
. sp. 15-

* Spikes short, ovoid or oblong (C. remota, &c.) . . - WER

** Spikes linear-cylindrie (C. teres, Ae), . + + + + + Sp. 19-22
Sect. 3. Vulgares. "Terminal spike wholly male (C. vulgarts,

&c.) . . H D D D D D . . . . H . D . DH D Sp. 23-33

700 CLXXII. CYPERACEÆ®. (C. B. Clarke.) (Carex.

Subgenus IT. Evcarex. Style 3-fid.

Sect. 4. Rare. Stem with 1 spike, fem. at base (C. rara, &c.) sp. 34-39
Sect. 5. Indice. Terminal spike fem. at base, male at top;
or, when spikes very numerous many male at top, ter-
minal spike sometimes wholly male. 0-42
* Subscapose, basal leaves long (C. cyrtostachys, &e.). .sp.4 op
** Spikes short, very numerous (C. cruciata, &c.) . + + SPs 43-
*** Spikes long-cylindric. Peduncles mostly solitary (C. "3
Myosurus, Zei . . 6 ee ew ew ee ot n t sp. 67-
***% Spikes long-cylindric. Peduncles often several from
each lower sheath. Terminal spike sometimes wholly na st
male (C. polycephala, Zei, . . . . ew et SPs 74-8
##*#%% Species not easily placed iu any one of the preceding 4
subsections (C. curticeps, C. speciosa, C. fragilis,
CC. ). D H D D H DH . H DH D D H . . . .
Sect. 6. Atrate. Terminal spike male at base fem. at top (C. 8
atrata, &e) . . . ee ee oe ee ot on . sp. 92-9
Sect. 7. Proprie. Terminal spike wholly male (in the first
group occasionally fem.at top). Spikes not very numerous,
occasionally up to 12,
* Utricle glabrous, beak short PPP . 8p. 99-105
** Utricle glabrous, beak long (C. japonica, &c.). . + + SP 108 14
*** Utricle hairy or minutely setulose (C. hirtella, &c.). . SP- 126-

. . . S
Subgenus I. Vicenza (Genus) Beauv. in Lestib. Essai Cyp- 22, Style
2-fid; in C. stenophylla rarely 3-fid. oor 3
[N.B.—In Subgen. Eucarea, in the Indian species, 2-fid styles occur in 40r
species in the upper part of the spike, or in poorly-developed spik elets. J hers)
e
Sect. 1. Muricarm, Terminal spike (and usually some or many of the erui ;
fem. at base male at top. [Spikelets in C. fluviatilis all or mostly i-
moneecious or dicecious.] interrupted
* Spikes short, ovoid or oblong, sessile or nearly so; infl.a dense or n

ore
compound spike, [The series of species proceeds from the dense to the m
interrupted.]

sp. 85-91

_ 1. C. incurva, Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. 544, t. 24, fig. 1; rhizome descend
ing, stems short, spikes ovoid androgynous male at top forming eret ricle
compound spike, glumes brown slightly scarious-edged, sty le 2- k short
ellipsoid-acuminate inflated thin plicate scarcely nerved, pn Kunth
minutely scabrous on margins. Schk. Riedgr. i. 97, t. Hh. fig: ` t Cares,
Enum. ii. 375; Beicht, Ic. Fl. Germ. viii. 4, t. 199, fig. 539; Bot dem. ii.
iv. 210 ; Boeck. in Lixnea, xxxix. 48. C. juncifolia, Allioni Fi. Te
Së t. 92, fig. 4 (not of Schk.). Vignea incurva, Reichd. Fl. Germ.

-15,500
N. W. HIMALAYA, from Kunawur and Kashmir to the Karakorum, alt, 11 15,5
ft., Thomson, &c.—DisTR15. Mountain and cold regions. :ng rhizome.
Stems up to 6 in. (in India), often several clustered on top of ascending Peg
Leaves sometimes as long as stem, narrow, often (when dry) incurved $ shining;
flat. Infl. about 4 in. diam.; lowest bract lin. Glumes obtuse, margins or than
yellowish, not broadly white scarious. Utricle rather longer than glume, larg u
nut, withering with folds on it; beak shortly 2-fid, hyaline ultimately at OP» serte
$ utricle, plano-convex, obtuse, shining-chestnut. Style } nut, branches long

A. [1809

2. C. stenophylla, Wahlenb. in Kong. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. D e

142; rhizome descending, stems short, spikes ovoid androgynous Pi ogg,
forming one ovoid or oblong compound spike, glumes strongly 5

|
|

Carez.] CLXXII. CYPERACEÆ. (C. D. Clarke.) 701

edged, style 2-fid, utricle ellipsoid acuminate ultimately thick crustaceous
blackish obscurely nerved, beak short scabrous on margins. Kunth Enum.
n. 374; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. viii. 5, t. 200, fig. 534; Boott Carex, iv. 200
and Ic. Ined. 676; Boeck. in Linne, xxxix. p. 50 and in Journ. Linn. Soc.
xviii. (1881), 105. C. juncifolia, Schk. Riedgr. i. (1801), 26 and ii. 6, t. 6,
fig. 32 (non Allioni), ©. glomerata, Host Gram. Austr) i. 34, t. 44 (non
Thunb.) ©. Hosti, Schk. Riedgr. ii. 7, t. Ii, fig. 32. C.duriuscula, C. A.
Meyer in. Mem. Sav. Etrang. Petersb. i. 914, t. 8; Kunth Enum. ii. 374.
C. arctica, Deinb.; Fries Novit. Fl. Suec. Mant. iii. 135; Anderss Cyp.
Scand. 70, t. 3, fig. 13. C. Deinbolliana, J. Gay in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 2,
xi. 183. Vignea stenophylla, Reichb. Fl. Germ. Excurs. 56. Kobresia
hyalinolepis, Boeck. Cyp. Nov. i.39. Elyna capillifolia, Henders. Yarkand,
339.— Carex sp. Griff. Itin. Notes, 239, nn. 310, 311.

N. W. HIMALAYA, and W. TIBET from Piti and Kashmir to the Karakorum, alt.
8-14,000 ft.—DisTRIB. Mountain and cold Northern regions.

Very near C. incurva, Lightf. ; in good fruit distinguished therefrom by black
thick-walled utricle nearly filled by nut, in a younger state often distinguishable by
prominent glistening white edge of glumes. But there are examples referred to C.
stenophylia, Wahl. by Boott that are here placed under C. incurva, Lightf. or C.
divisa, Hudson. Many examples of C. stenophylla are referred in herbaria to Kobresia
(which is separated by the 3-fid style, but a 3-fid style occurs in Carez stenophylla.)
—In a Himalayan example (Lance n. 285 in Herb. Kew) the ripe fruiting spikes are

elongate, the lowest spike } inch distant, but the shining margins of glume and the

black crustaceous nuts are exactly as in C. stenophylla, The characters taken from
roughness of stem, breadth and incurviug of leaves, &c., mentioned carefully by

European authors, were found not to be valid by Boott.

3. C. divisa, Huds. Fl. Angl. 348; rhizome horizontal, spikes ovoid
androgynous male at top forming one ovoid or oblong or interrupted com-
pound spike, glumes brown, style 2-fid, utricle ovoid acuminate stout
moderately nerved, beak short scabrous on margins. Good. in Trans. Linn.
Boc. ii. 157, t. 19, fig. 2; Kunth Enum. ii. 872; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. viii.
7, t. 205, fig. 545; Boott Cares, iv. 186 and Ie. Ined. 631; Boeck. in
Linnzea, xxxix. 55 and in Journ. Linn. Soc. xviii. 105. C. rivularis, Schk.
Riedgr. i. 30, t. Ce. fig. 87. C. austriaca, Schk. l. c. ii. 10, t. Qqq, fig. 157.
C. Bertolonii, Schk. l.c.ii. 5, t. D fig. 18 and t. Rrrr, fig. 202. C. coacta,
Boott in Proc. Linn. Soc. i. (1846), 285 and in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 133.

. curaica, var. y coarcta, Boott Carex iv. 204. C.curaica, Boiss. Fl. Orient.

lv, 402.
W. t.) —DisrRIB. Cabul to Britain.
sie Lo thon GR Cabul examples 3-6 in. Leaves often 3 stem, narrow,
Margins usually incurved when dry. Infl. 2 by jin. interrupted at base (in well-
developed examples). Lowest brach usually 4 inch, but sometimes overtopping infl.
em. glumes ovate, hardly mucronate, brown, scarious margin narrow. Utricle
greenish or yellowish, ultimately brown, somewhat thickened ; nerves 5-7 on plane
face, slender, 11-13 on convex face rather stronger ; beak shortly bifid.— Much
stouter than C. incurva and C. stenophylla, and utricles longer. ` Resembles gener-
ally C. foliosa and C. nubigena, Don; the plane face of the utricle is in C, foliosa
hardly striate at all; in C. nubigena strongly multistriate ; the utricle of C. divisa
Comes between the two. C divisa, Huds. can generally be distinguished by its

i i — d Valley
short, Jumes, and more creeping rhizome. - The Kuram lley
examples. Of Aftebieon weis collected (alt. 10,000 ft.] just outside the then frontier,
and the Kashmir examples of Jacquemont cited by Boott are referred here to C.
"ulpinaris, Nees, but C. divisa, Huds. is almost certain to occur within British

d r 3 .
ia,

1C2 CLXXIL CYPERACEE, (C. B. Clarke.) [ Carex.

4. C. vulpinaris, Nees in Wight Contrib. 121; nearly as C. divisa,
but utricle smaller elliptic-lanceolate membranous obscurely nerved.
Kunth Enum. ii. 983; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxix. 63. ©. curaica, var. B
Boott Carex, iv. 204. C. divisa, Boott l.c. iv. 186 (partly). C. Henning-
siana, Boeck. Cyp. Nov. i. 42.

KvNAWUR ; Royle n. 73. GuRWHAL ; alt. 11,000 ft., Duthie (n. 55). LAHOUL;
Schlagintweit (n. 2813). KasHwIR; Baramulla, Jacquemont (nn. 338, 362).—
DisTRIB. Cabul. .

Leaves lin. broad. Infl. dense. Glumes acute or almost acuminate, brown.
Utricle slender, very thin; beak somewhat winged on scabrous margins.—Stems 5
in. type form; Jacquemont’s are identical, with stems 5-9 in.; one 3s marked by
Boott C. divisa, Hudson, the other C. stenophylla, Wahl. ?

5. C. curaica, Kunth Enum. ii. 975; rhizome long-creeping, culms
distant somewhat stout, spikes ovoid androgynous male at top forming
one ovoid compound spike, style 2-fid, utricle ellipsoid lanceolate nearly
nerveless, beak minutely or obsoletely scabrous on margins. Boott Carer,
iv. 204 in small part. O. ovata, C. A. Meyer in Ledeb. Fl. Alt. iv. 207 an
Ie. Pl. Ross, iv. 10, t. 323. C. incurva, var. B, Trev. in Ledeb. FI. Ross. ww.
270 (excl. syn.). C. stenophylla, Benth. in Henders. Yarkand 338.

KASHMIR; Barzil; alt. 10,500 ft., C. B. Clarke. Lower Karakash, alt. 14,000
ft., Henderson n. 867.—Distris. Central Asia. der;

Very like large states of C. stenophylla; stems 8-10 in., stouter, leaves bron tod
margins of glumes less shining scarious. Ripe utricle very convex, hardly m face.
yellowish, nerveless on the plane face, very obscurely nerved on the convex, of
This plant is (as C. A. Meyer states) near C. fetida, Allioni. The C. curaio ^
''urezan., Maxim., and others is largely (or wholly) founded on C. pycnostac t
Karel, et Kiril. (in Bull. Soc. Mose. xv. 522) which is of similar appearance,
with utricles of similar shape but strongly many-nerved.

6. C. nubigena, D. Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. 326 and Prodr:
42; rhizome short or 0, leaves long narrow incurved when dry, SP te
ovoid androgynous male at top forming an ovoid oblong or interrup an
linear compound spike, style 2-fid, utricle ellipsoid narrowed into s
oblong-linear beak many-nerved on both faces. Nees in Wight E? Wi
120; Kunth Enum. ii. 385; Strachey Cat. Pl. Kumaon, 73; Tw. Stew 1
355; Boott Carez,i.1,t. 9; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxix. 90. ©. fallax, Wa L
in Zoll. Verz. Ind. Archip. ii, 60 and Cyp. 189 ; Boeck. l. e.—Carex, Wa

Cat. 3396. .
HiMALAYA; alt, 5-13,000 ft., abundant. Kmasra to MUNEYPOOR, alt, 4-60

ft., abundant. SiwD; Pinwill. NiLGmniRI, Anamallays, and CEYLON; alt. 5-8
ft., common.—DısTRIB. Cabul, Malaya, China, Japan. long.

Stems 6-30 in., cæspitose on a tough perennial rhizome. Lower leave’ own;
Infl. from 4 in., dense, ovoid, to 5 in. linear interrupted, greenish becoming r ense.
lowest bract usually much overtopping infi., sometimes not iin. Spikes z "Lang
Fem. glumes ovate scarcely apiculate, shorter than utricle, Anthers linear, thin
very shortly apiculate. Style occasionally 3-fid, fide Boott. Utricle small, ? 15 on
texture, plano-convex, green or pale brown, 9-11-nerved on plane face, lerves;
convex; small red glands frequently scattered all over utricle between the n 1mos
beak not winged, commonly quite smooth, not rarely scabrid, sometimes r `
hispid. Mut hardly j utricle, compressed, obtuse, brown.—General pet Ip:
muricata, Linn. var. foliosa, but may be generally separated by the puit many-
volate leaves. Well distinguished from all allied Indian species by the ei Ae, i
nerved on both faces. C. leiorhyncha, C. A. Meyer Mem. Sav. Etrang. broader,
217, t. 9, a Central Asian plant, differs only by the leaves beiug rather

Carez.] CLXXIL CYPERACEX. (C. B. Clarke.) 703

flat when dry, and by the utricles having in their upper half only many larger
orange-red glands. Though kept distinct by Boott and Boeckeler it should probably
be esteemed only a form of C. nubigena.

. T. ©. muricata, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1382; rhizome short or 0, leaves not
incurved, spikes ovoid androgynous male at top forming an oblong or in-
terrupted linear compound spike or very narrow panicle, style 2-fid, utricle
ovoid narrowed into a narrow conic beak. nerveless on plane face. Schk.
Riedgr. i. 20, tt. E. 22, aud Ee. 91; Kunth Enum. ii. 384; J. Gay in Ann.
Se. Nat. ser. 9, x. 355; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. viii. 9, t. 215; Boott Carex, iv.
192; Boeck. in Linneea, xxxix. 86. C. divulsa, Gooden. in Trans. Linn. Soc.
ii 160; Schk Le tt. Dd. 89 and Ww. 89; Kunth l.c. ii. 385; Reich),
Fl. Ic. Fl. Germ. viii. 11, t. 220, Vignea muricata (and divulsa), Reichb. Fl.
Germ, Excurs. 57 (and 59.)

KASHMIR ; alt, 6-9000 ft., C. B. Clarke.—DisTRi5. Asia, colder N. regions.

The Kashmir examples resemble ordinary large European typical ones. Stems
20 in. Leaves i-l in. broad, flat when dry. Inf. 2-3 in. by 4 in., consisting of
4-8 globose spikes, lower shortly distant. “Anthers with a linear crest. Utricle
large, i in. long, yellowish, with a few irregular nerves on convex face, otherwise
nearly nerveless, beak bifid j its length, margins closely minutely scabrid or nearly
smooth. Nut} utricle, subquadrate-ovoid compressed, not at all trigonous.— The form
C. divulsa is in infl. and general aspect nearer the subjoined var.

Var. B foliosa (sp.) D. Don in Trans. Linn, Soc. xiv. 327 and Prodr. 42;
inflorescence pale of many spikelets at base often subcompound, utricle smaller. Nees
in Wight Contrib. 121; Boott Carex i. 1, t. 3; Kunth l.c. 384; Strachey Cat. PI.
Kumaon, 73; Boeck. l.c. 88. C. notoleia, Nees l.c.; Kunth l.c. 388. C. Walli-
chiana, Spreng. Syst. iii. 812 (not of Prescott). C. muricata, var. indica, Boott
Carex, iv. 193.—Carex, Wall. Cat. 3387.—Himalaya ; alt. 6-9000 ft., from
Kashmir to Upper Sikkim frequent. Sind; Pinwill, Khasia hills; alt. 4000 ft.,
Grifith. Putney and NiLenigr HILLS; Wight.—Resembles shorter examples of
the European C. divulsa. Boott finally reduced the whole series under C. muricata,
Linn. The Indian var. foliosa has the crested anthers and flat leaves of muricata,
and is thus easily distinguished from nubigena even when young. Some of the
Indian plants referred here are hardly separable from the American C. stipata, Muhl.

Which extends to Japan and Amurland.

8. C, Thomsoni, Boot Carez,i.l, t. 1; stem lignescent with many
nodes, spikes ellipsoid androgynous male at top forming a close linear
Compound spike long overtopped by leaves, style 2-fid, utricle ovoid-
triangular thinly obscurely many-nerved with numerous red glands
throughout. Bozck. in Linnea, xxxix. 93. i

Himataya and KnastA, alt. 1-5000 ft., from Kumaon, Thomson, to UPPER

URMA, Griffith, frequent, only on river margins.— ISTRIB. Tonkin. ME

Stems Adi densely cmapitose, very rigid, black in age, and, often chining,
perennial, not rarely rooting at top and throwing thence a cluster of stems the ` x
season, Leaves numerous, infolded when dry, narrow, far overtopping | re in .
Inf. often by 4-5 by à in, dense, of 25-30 regularly placed prownis ppikes,

tricle small, brownish, plano-convex, hardly narrowed into the trianga ar s Lort Iy-
Notched beak,—'The younger examples have been mixed with C. m ig ` d pn,
Which has the infl. sometimes dense and regular; but in C. nubigena the infl. is
°vertopped by leaves, and the utricle is more narrowed into the beak.

iv. 172, t. 582; leaves long narrow
Boott Carex, iv. 17 Se mals at top
style 2-fid, utricle ovoid

9. C, fluviatilis, € 2 L;
ĉqualling the green stem, spikes ellipsoid an
humerous forming a close linear compound spike,

704 CLXXII. CYPERACES. (C. B. Clarke.) [Carez.

many-nerved without glands acuminated into a short rough-edged beak.
Boeck. in Linnea, xxxix. 93.

Uprer Burma; Wullaboom in Hookhoom, Grifith (Kew Distrib. n. 6103).—
Disrris. China, Japan. Log.

Rhizome woody. Stems 1-2 ft. Infl. 4-6 by 1-3 in., dense, of vi 70 spe;
lowest bract scarcely l in. Spikes nearly $ in., straw-colrd. Utricle (org "tn
in Thomsoni) plane-convex; nerves 8 on the plane, 12 on the convex d: the ind
minutely scabrous on edges.—Very near C. Thomsoni) but much less ngid; 8: in
in fruit resembles that of Setaria italica. It is sometimes completely top oily)
other cases the infl. has male spikes in the middle fem. at both ends (or at top
as occurs in C. disticha.

10. C. teretiuscula, Good. in Trans. Linn, Soc. ii. 163 (eeo. ' mg
cited) ; stems 2 ft. scubrous at top, leaves nearly as long as stoms nem
spikes ovoid or ellipsoid androgynous male at top green deg atricle
forming a linear oblong interrupted compound spike, style few-nerv
small stalked slightly spongy ovoid conical-beaked gibbous ie chk.
on convex face, margins of beak serrate subhyaline almost Wie? Linnea,
Riedgr. i. 30, tt. D. 19, & T. 69; Kunth Enum. ii. 390; Boeck. us L468.
xxxix. 104. C. teretiuscula, var. 8 major, Boott Carex, W. DA
C. mitis, Boeck. l. c. 104.

a istrid.

KASHMIR, alt. 6-7000 ft., Thomson. Buotan, Griffith, n. 2663 (Kew Dist
n. 6104).— Disrris. Cooler N. Hemisphere. . idge on

Griffith’s example shows no root, but is in ripe fruit; the utricle bas a PEE
the nerveless face and about 4 nerves on tle middle of the turg! Ga numerous
exactly as in European C. feretiuscula, Thomson’s Kashmir plant a the young
stems closely placed on an intricately branched short weak rhizome it these two
utricles are stalked and show the subalate margins of the beak. B e r says tbat
plants together, for they must be very closely allied; Mr. J. G. Ba
neither of them matches exactly C. teretiuscula.

** Spikes linear-cylindric, peduncled, inflorescence loose.

11. C. longipes, Don in Trans. Linn. Soc, xiv. 927 d long, teu
infl.long very lax, lowest peduncle solitary usually 1-spike i
glumes mucronate some aristate, style 2-fid, utricles green ^18; Drejet
yellowish. Nees in Wight Contrib. 124; Kunth Enum. pm ; e
Symb. Caric. 94, t. 10; Boott Carex, iv. 190, Ic. Ined. t. Di
Linnea, xl. 376 (not of Thwaites).—Carex, Wall. Cat. 3388. China.

NEPAL, SIKKIM, and Knuasta, alt. 4-12,000 ft., common:— DISTE S a the stem
Rhizome short, woody, divided. Stems 6-24 in., slender. Leaves Lowest
$ in. broad. Cauline sheaths distant, lowest often near bas
peduncle usually exsert 2-8 in. (but see var. y), almost filiform, » st with lor?
3-10 on each stem, 1-3 in., green or yellowish, usually solitary or Im,
smaller near base, Male glumes obtuse with a minute rough exen into a roug
anthers submuticous. Fem. glumes ovate, acuminate, mucro produce ellipsoid, sud-
bristle often overtopping utricle. Ufricles much flattened, ovoid or labrous 0"
denly narrowed into a long beak, distinctly 7—9-nerved on each faco, £ ; .
scabrous on margin sometimes also on two marginal nerves see el glabrous 0^
narrowly oblong, deeply bifid, lobes lanceolate erect, scabrous OT rare ark brown i
margins. Nut much flattened, 2 utricle (with besk), ovoid, obtuse,
style little thickened, exsert branches shorter than utricle. ver both faces.

Var. B nepalensis, Boott Carex, iv. 190; utricles scabrous-pilose © po. €
C. macrolepis, Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. 329, & Prodr. 42 (no! Eë Sy
nepalensis, Spreng. Syst. iii. 811; Nees in Wight Contrib. 125;

Carex. | CLXXII. CYPERACEZ. (C. D. Clarke.) 705

Carice. 23, t. 9; Kunth Enum. ii. 391.—Carex, Wall. Cat. 3388 (largely).—Nepat,
Wallich. —Kept up as a species by Drejer and Nees, working with one or two pieces
only. A good series of material shows a transition from the perfectly glabrous
utricle (through forms with one or two marginal nerves scabrous) to the very sca-
brous utricle ; and both Boeckeler and Boott unite the two.

Var. y dissitiflora ; stouter with broader leaves and longer utricles, lowest peduncle
usually very shortly exsert, spikes elongate very slender the lower utricles solitary,
distant.—Nilghiri, alt. 6-7000 ft., Wight, C. B. Clarke. Anamallays, Beddome.
Khasia, alt. 5-6000 ft., C. B. Clarke.—Perhaps a distinct sp., according to Drejer
Symb. Caric. 24. Lowest peduncle often carrying 2 or 3 spikes. The Nilghiri
plant appears a distinct species; but the Khasia series shows a complete transition
from var. y dissitiflora to typical C. longipes.

12. C. brunnea, Thunb. FI. Japon. 38 ; inf. long lax, lowest peduncle
often several-spiked often 2 or more from one sheath, fem. glumes acute or
scarcely mucronate, style 2-fid, ripe utricle brown ellipsoid much flattened
pilose (in Indian examples) striate, beak linear, exsert portion of stigmas
about as longas utricle. Schk. Reidgr. ii. 16, t. Xx. fig. 111; Kunth Enum.
1. 392; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxix. 145. C. gracilis, Br. Prodr. 242; Boott
Carex, i. 59, tt. 154, 155, 156 [excl. syn. C. lachnosperma, Wall.]; Thw.
Enum. 355. C. flexilis, Don Prodr. 42, not of Rudge. C. lenta, Don in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. 327; Kunth l.c. 418. C. nepalensis, C. B. Clarke
in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxv. 82, not of Spreng.

N.W. Hiwanaya, alt. 4500-6000 ft., frequent. MuNEYPoon, alt. 3750 ft., C. B.
Clarke, Assam, Grifith. SIND, Pi»wil. Putney and Nite@nirt HILLS, alt.
6-7000 ft., Wight, &c. CEYLON, alt. 5000 ft., Thwaites.—DisTR1B. The Mascarene
Isles, Australia, J apan, Sandwich Islds. .

Rhizome oblique. Stems 1-3 ft., slender. Leaves 3 stem, 1 in. broad, Cauline
sheaths somewhat distant, lowest usually above middle of plant. Peduncles often
Several from each sheath, lowest exsert 1-8 in., slender, nodding, sometimes bearing
3-10 spikes. Spikes 14-2 in., slender. Male glumes obtusely triangular, reddish-
brown. Fem. glumes ovate, apex triangular, ultimately ferruginous-brown. Utricle
rather small, not parallel-sided, 9-15-nerved on each face, minutely hairy on nerves,
suddenly narrowed into a beak about } utricle; beak shortly bifid, lobes erect. Nut
Much flattened, ovoid, suddenly narrowed at top, yellow-brown, nearly filling utricle
except beak. Style about as long as beak, slightly swollen, contracted at base;

'anches long very brown, but much shorter tban in the two following species.—
“mits and geographic range uncertain. In many of the non-Indian examples the
Utricles are glabrous, or there are several peduncles even from the middle sheaths of
e inflorescence.

13. ©. teinogyna, Boott Carex, i. 60, t. 158; infl. long lax, peduncles
often 2 or more from one sheath bearing 1 or few spikes, fem. glumes
“cute often mucronate, ripe utricle brown oblong much flattened striate,

ak linear long deeply bifid, style 2-fid branches longer than utricle.

ech, in Linnea, xxxix. 145.

Knasra and JaiNTEA Haze, alt. 3-5000 ft., Griffith, &c. . or]

Resembling C. brunnea, Thunb., but a slenderer plant with narrower leaves.
Utricle remarkably parallel-sided, suddenly narrowed into a linear beak nearly as
ong as itself, many-nerved on both faces, often minutely scabrous pilose on all the
Nerves, the minute hairs sometimes only on the margins or near the top very rarely
""hting; lobes of beak erect. Nut oblong, filling utricle, Branches of style 2,
very long, brown red, persistent on ripe fruit.

l4. C. lon i Wight Contrib. 124; inf. long lax,

` Me gicruris, Nees in Wig^ , ; ]
Peduncles often 2 or more from one sheath bearing 1 or few spikes, fem.
VOL, vI. ZZ

706 CLXXII, CYPERACEE. (C. B. Clarke.) [Carez.

glumes lanceolate acute, style 2-fid, ripe utricle ferruginous much flattened
ovate-lanceolate acuminate into beak glabrous except green margins, bea
slightly notched with the green scabrous margins incurved, exsert portion
of style-branches fully as long as utricle Kunth Enum. ii. 417; p^
Carex, i. 59, t. 157; Boeck. in Linnma, xxxix. 148. C. longipes, Tw.
Enum. 955.

W. HiMALAYA; from Kishtwar, alt. 4000 ft., C. B. Clarke, to Nepal, beri
Niranimis, Perrottet, Wight, alt. 8000 ft., C. B. Clarke. CEYLON, Thwaites D
2749). ;

Very similar to C. longipes, brunnea, and teinogyna, but distinct by the utricle
Utricle long, triangular-acuminate, the strictly linear portion of beak short; vg
face 7-9-nerved, convex face 15-nerved bright ferruginous yellow with Wëlle
brous green margins, margins in lower half of beak incurved over the plane face.
Fem. glumes shorter than utricle. Branches of style 2, nearly as long as 1
teinogyna.
rarely fem. in

Sect. 2. Remorz, Terminal spike male at base fem. at top (or ce male at

the middle male at both ends or accidentally wholly male), the other sp
base or the lower often wholly fem.

* Spikes short, sessile or nearly so, ovoid or oblong, dense. Glumes pale.

15. C. remota, Linn, Sp. Pl. 1383; inf. elongate, lower spike
distant, lowest bract long usually overtopping infi, style 2-bran any-
utricle ellipsoid flattened narrowed into an oblong beak slender Y Nees in
nerved on both faces. Schk. Riedgr. i. 46, & ii. 22, t. E, fig. 23; Ne:
Wight Contrib. 121; Kunth Enum. ii. 404; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ vk. in
t. 212, figs. 556, 557; Boott Carex, iv. 198, & Ic. Ined. 669, 670; Pota
Linnea, xxxix, p. 129. C. axillaris, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1382. Vignea re ,
Reichb. Fl. Germ. Excurs. p. 58.

N. TEMPERATE HEMISPHERE. ed, 1-2} ft;
Glabrous. Rhizome short, slender, without stolons. Stems cluster Y of plant,
slender. Leaves $ stem, scarcely £ in. broad, weak. nfl. often half lengt Spike

lower spikes solitary 1-8 in. apart; lowest bract 4-10 in., very narrow; Wa Anthers
id in. ellipsoid, greenish. Glumes ovate, acute, keel green, sides pal 2.fid lobes
linear, muticous. Utricle small, glabrous, scabrous on margin; ding beak. '

i

erect; margins scabrous. Nut subovoid, flattened, 2 utricle exclu
26, 555; utricles

dually narrow t
fr om Kashmir, e

nerveless plane face) showing an approximation to 17. C. alta. In genera
it matches well typical European C. remota. m
. in-

_16. C. canescens, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1383; infi. linear, spikes shor 8 `
dric approximate, bracts short lowest much shorter than m valar
branched, utricle ovoid flattened narrowed into a short triang t. 206,
slenderly 8-10-nerved on both faces. Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. xxxix. "
figs. 546, 547; Boott Carex, iv. 154, t. 496; Boeck. in Linn, 77 43,
C. curta, Gooden, in Trans, Linn. Soc. ii. [1794] 145; Schk. Reick. Fl.
& ii. 21, t. C, fig. 13; Kunth Enum. ii. 403. Vigna canescens,
Germ. Excurs. 58.

Jobe.
Kasuure, alt. 6-12,000 ft., C. B. Clarke.—Disrnrp. Cooler parts of 8°

Carex.) OLXXIL CYPERACEX. (C. B. Clarke.) 707

Glabrous. Rhizome short, slender, without stolons. Stems clustered, 2 ft.
Leaves 3 stem, 3-4 in. broad. Infl. 2-5 in., lower spikes solitary, 1 in. apart; lowest
bract setaceous, about 1 in. long. Spikes }-}in., greenish. Utricle small, glabrous,
often nearly smooth on margin; beak triangular, hardly notched, minutely glandular-

scabrous,

17. C. alta, Boott in Proc. Linn. Soc. i. 254, & in Trans. Linn. Soc.
ix, 130, & Carex, i. 59, t. 153; larger and stouter in all its parts than
C. remota. beak of utricle strongly winged, so that utricle is widest in its
upper half, nut small not filling utricle (otherwise as C. remota). Boeck.
| in Linnsa, xxxix. 126. C. Brizopyrum, Kunze Suppl. 169, t. 43.

KuasrA; Molim, alt, 5800 ft., C. B. Clarke. Muneypoor, alt. 5-6000 ft., Watt.
—Disrrip, Java.

Altogether resembles a large C. remota. Leaves and bracts up to 1—1 in. broad.
Spikes often 2 in., cylindric. Utricle in outline elliptic with a short point, scabrous
almost serrulate on the green shoulders formed by the wings of the beak, with a
groove on the plane face below the termination of the slit of the beak.

18. €. cooptanda, C. B. Clarke; small, leaves linear, spikes 2
tylindrie short dense close together, upper male at base pale brown, bracts
ardly any, style 2-branched, utricle ovoid flattened narrowed into a short
“nical subentire beak nerveless smooth.

Knasra Hints; Grifith.

Glabrous. Rhizome slender, creeping, divided. Stems 6 in., slender. Leaves
by An. Spikes 1 in. apart, upper 3 by 2 in., lower rather smaller female, Glumes
“ Ong as utricles, ovate, obtuse, brownish with scarious margin upwards. Utricle
is m. long, without glands; exsert part of stigmas as long as utricles.—There are
Tee excellent specimens, exactly like each other, and very unlike any other Indian
‘Tex, with the note of Boott on them in Herb. Hooker stating that they were

"llected by Griffith in Assam.
** Spikes long-cylindric or linear, lower peduncled. Glumes coloured.

19. C. prelonga, C. B. Clarke; tall, leaves long, spikes 4-9 linear
rodding, styles 2.fid, utricle broadly ovoid compressed nerveless smooth
‘uddenly narrowed into a very short linear subectire beak. C. phacota,

mnor, O. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 141.

NIKKIM, alt. 7-9000 ft., frequent, C. B. Clarke.
ae abrous, tufted, lower sheaths "shining, brown. Stems 2-3 ft. Leaves 18 by
t-] in, Lowest spike 1-3 in. distant; peduncle j-3 in. long; bract overtopping
l H. Dot sheathing. Spikes 4 by à in. terete; terminal male at base, fem. in

middle, fem, or male (sometimes branched) at top. Fem. glumes as long as utricles,
"leryed, green on back, black-purple on side, emarginate or acuminate, excurrent
green tip often scabrous. Utricle i in., obovate turgid, yellow-brown, whole sar-
bee minutely yellow-glandular-punctate ; beak exactly linear, granular-glandular,
yoming very white when quite ripe, shortly notched ; stigmas shortly exsert.

ut o ovoid, biconvex, very smooth, nearly filling utricle.

Var, B angustior; stems 12-18 in. slender more scabrous, leaves scarcely j in.
e d spikes 3-1 in. -Khasia Hills, alt, 4-6000 ft, C. B. Clarke, Burma; Shan
ed alt. 5000 ft., Collett.—Terminal spike occasionally wholly male. TI ere are

i16 Sikkim and 34 Khasi specimens of this species in my collection, which sh ow
yi, ntt was right in attaching moderate importance to the sex of the termina

62, t. 167 (excl. lower utricle) ; tall, leaves
styles 2-fid, utricle ellipsoid compressed

ZZ

lon C. teres, Boot? Carer, i.
5 Spikes 4-9 linear nodding,

708 OLXXIL. CYPERACEE. (C. D. Clarke.) [ Cares,

nerved smooth gradually passing into a conical entire beak. Boeck. in
Linnza, xl. 398.

SIKKIM, alt. 8-9000 ft.; Sinchul, J. D. H.; Tonglo and Sundukphoo, C. B.
Clarke, &c. i

Glabrous, tufted, lower sheaths shining brown. Stems 8 ft. Leaves 18 Wi vot
Lowest spike 3-4 in., distant; peduncle 2-4 in. long; bract overtopping infl. ind
sheathing. Spikes 5 by 4 in., terete; terminal male at base, fem. in middle an
usuaily at top. Fem. glumes as long as the utricles, oblong-lanceolate, aristate,
broadly 3-nerved, green on the back, sides black-purple, bristle green soabroor
Utricles } in., turgid, fuscous, 7-11-nerved on each face, whole surface minu y
yellow-glandular-punctate ; beak searcely granular, hardly notched ; stigmas Wei
shortly exsert. Nut ovoid, somewhat narrowed upwards.— This species, from the
root to the glumes, is extraordinarily like C. prelonga, but rather stouter ;
fruiting spikes and utricles are totally unlike.

21. C. sikkimensis, C. B. Clarke; tall, leaves long narrow, ie
4-7 linear clavate, styles2-fid, utricle ellipsoid compressed most slender'y
nerved brown smooth narrowed into a conico-linear entire beak.

SIKKIM; Jongri, alt. 12-13,000 ft., C. B. Clarke. topping

Lowest spike 2-3 in. distant ; peduncle 2-3 in. long ; lowest bract over Mäin
the infl., not sheathing. Spikes 2 by } in., terminal usually fem. at top lon e
sometimes fem. only in the middle, sometimes wholly male. Fem. glumes 9 ollow.
utricles, oblong-lanceolate, not or scarcely mucronate, black-purple, back pa eJ ular-
Utricle Jy in., stalked, not glandular ; beak oblong from a conical base, SC th of
scabrous; stigmas exsert 2 the length of utricle. ut ellipsoid, 2 the je denti-
whole utricle.—Not closely allied to the preceding species; it has the utrie ` spike,
cally of C. notha from which it differs not only in the fem. top of the terminal sP
but in its larger size and much larger spikes,

22. €. cernua, Boott Carer, iv. 171, t. 578; leaves long, spikes 1
cylindric very dense, styles 2-fid, utricle broadly ovate much opi
nerveless densely glandular subscabrous to base rich-brown, beak ¢
entire.

Assam; to Sudiya, Jenkins, Simons, Grifith (Kew Distrib. 6099).
Tonkin, Japan. t spi
Stems 12-18 in. Leaves as long as stem, up to i in. broad. Low athi
3-2 in. distant; peduncle 34-2 in. long; bract overtopping inf, noi iddle male
Spikes up to 2} by 1 in. ; terminal one male at base (sometimes fem. in n pristle
at both ends). Fem. glumes as long as utricle, 3-nerved, green on ba gei? une
lanceolate excurrent rough. Utricle scarcely 4 in., stalked; conica. "ne
distinguishable from utricle with no (or hardly any) linear terminat
preélonga the whole utricle is sprinkled with minute yellow translucent g'

in the substance of utricle; in C, cernua the glands are very thick, wbite ongo
depressed papilla. C. cernua appears really nearer C. phacota than C.P

but ditfers from both in the densely packed utricles.

Sect. 3. Vulgares. Terminal spike male, the others fe
top, solitary.

—DIstTBIB.

m. or male 3t

ing of

23. €. phacota, Spreng. Syst. iii. 826; spikes 3-11 lower nod a
slender peduncles linear-cylindrie, fem. glumes with an excurt andular
scabrous tip, styles 2-fid short, utricle ovoid flat nearly nerveless É ngation-
to the base, beak short triangular with hardly any linear pro" Caricol-
Nees in Wight Contrib. 126; Kunth Enum. ii. 420; Drejer D), Enum
15, t. 4 (excl. C. punctata & notha); Boott Carex, i. 68, t. 168; Linn. Soe
356; Boeck. in Linnea, xl. 434. C. lenticularis, Don t^ Trans.

Carex. CLXXII. CYPERACEEX. (C. B. Clarke.) 109

xiv. 331, & Prodr. 43 (not of Mich), C. platycarpa, Hochst. Steud. Syn.
Cyp. p. 214.—Carex, Wall. Cat. 3394 (type sheet), 3395 A, partly.

HIMALAYA, alt. 4—7000 ft., from Gurwhal to Bhotan, frequent. Kuasta HILLS,
alt. 2-6000 ft., and Parkoy Mrs., Griffith. Assam; Luckimpore at 300 ft.
TENASSERIM, alt. 3500 ft. PACHMARI, PULNEYS, NILGHIRIS, and CEYLON, alt.
4-6000 ft.—Distris, Malaya, Japan.

Glabrous, Rhizome woody, short. Stems closely tufted, 1-2} ft., triquetrous,
Leaves often as long as stem, } in. wide. Infl. usually 4-6 in., lowest spike 1-2 in,
distant ; lowest bract usually far overtopping the infl., but sometimes shorter than
it, not sheathing. Fem. spikes 1-2 in. (sometimes longer) by } in., in fruit appear-
ing purple with green linear marks (glumes); male spike 1-2 in., rather slender lax,
paleferruginous. Fem. glumes narrow, rather longer than utricle, green 3-nerved
on back, sides pale ferruginous or scarious. Utricle about A, in., usually dark
purple with a green margin, densely granular with red-purple glands throughout;
mouth of beak entire.—The large quantity of this common species now to hand
leaves hardly any absolute characters to distinguish it from the two following. In
Some, the bracts are slender, shorter than the uf. ; in others, the beak of the utricle
has a distinct linear prolongation nearly as in the very close C. Arnottiana. The
colour of the plant glumes and spikes varies much from the type; the Ceylon
examples have the spikes a rich brown (as in C. Arnottiama) The most general
characters for C. pkacota appear to be the rough excurrent green tip of the fem.
glume with the utricle dense with glands to its base.

24. C. pruinosa, Boott in Proc. Linn. Soc. i. 255; Trans. Linn.
Boc. xx. 131, & Carem, i. 65, t. 174; spikes broader laxer than in C. pAacota,
Utricle larger à in. long, obscurely 3-5-nerved ; otherwise as C. phacota,
of which Boeckeler esteems it a form.

East BENGAL, Grifith (Kew Distrib. n. 6106). Knasia Hrirra, alt. 4200 ft.,

C. B. Clarke.—DISTRIB. Java. . .
Boott (Carex, iv. 198, Ic. Ined. 667) has brought here his C. picta from Japan,

Which has nerveless utricles.

25. C. Arnottiana, Nees ms.; Drejer Symb. Caricol. 16, t. 5; ex-
current tip of glume smooth, utricle glandular in its upper half, beak short
triangular with a minute linear prolongation, otherwise as C. phacota,
Boott Carex, iv. 178, Ic. Ined. 607 (not in Trans. Linn. Soe. xx. 129) ; The.
Enum, 356; Boeck. in Linnea, xl. 435.—C. socia, Boott in Proc. Linn,
Boc. i, 254, & in Trans. Linn. Soc. l.c. 128.

CEYLON ; elevated parts of Central Province, Walker, Thwaites.

26. C. notha, Kunth Enum. ii. 421; spikes 3-7 lower on slender
peduncles linear-cylindrie, fem. glumes obtuse or minutely mucronate,
styles 2.fid shorter than utricle, utricle ellipsoid plane-convex slenderly
b -héerved minutely glandular narrowed suddenly into a short lincar
Ak. Boott Carex, i. 8, t. 24; Boeck. in Linnea, xl. 433. C. Victorialis,
Nees in Wight Contrib. 126 (style erroneously 3-fid) ; Kunth Enum. ii. 516.
€. punctata, Nees l.c. 127 (not of Gaudin). ©. Benthamiana, Boott in

le Himal. 412. C. phacota, Drejer Symb. Caricol. 15 (partly).

Himanaya, alt. 5-11,000 ft., from Chini, Jacquemont, and Gurwhal, Thomson,
to Bhotan, Griffith.

ale spikes 2 in., brown. ; i
urely 3-nerved on back, often quite muticous ; > is produced as an oblong-

^ Phacota, i i idth of the glume
ico dn which the whole green wi i 1, in. with round or linear,

"ear flat ti Utricle exceeding the glume about 4j. )
Yellow or brown, scattered sunk glands ; beak slightly notched, minutely granular.—

erwise as C. pAacota.

Lowest bract hardly so long as infi. Glumes green,
if a small mucro it is quite unlike

710 CLXXIL CYPERACEE. (C. D. Clarke.) [Carez.

27. C. fucata, Boott ms.; spikes dense blackish, styles 2-fid m
about i length of utricle, utricle nerveless, otherwise nearly as C.
nota.

SIKKIM; Lachen, alt. 9-12,000 ft., J. D. H.

Lowest bract far overtopping infi. Spikes much more densely packed, a
than in C. notha; glumes rather longer, black with a linear green mar
Lowest spike 3-10 in. distant in some examples.

and thicker
on back,

28. C. rubro-brunnea, C. B. Clarke; spikes 4-8 close together
nearly sessile, styles 2-fd persistent very long red-brown, utricle i har
plane-convex very slenderly 3-5-nerved or nerveless minutely KC
narrowed suddenly into a short linear beak. C. heterolepis, Boott «n ferry
Exped. Japan, ii. 327, not of Bunge.

Kasia Hitts, alt. 2-6000 ft., very common, C. B. Clarke. MUNEYPO®,
Watt.—DisTRi!B. China, Japan. "

Glabrous. Rhizome woody, short. Stems clustered, 1-2 ft. Leaves HE
often as long as culm, scarcely lin. broad, Spikes 2-3 by i$ ‘ke rarely 1 in.
often comose by long persistent styles; male spike paler ; lowest sp! t triangular,
distant ; lowest bract much overtopping inflorescence. Fem. glumes ova e -as of C.
muticous or nearly so, rich brown with yellow keel. Utricle very near Y trice.
fucata (or C. notha), but exsert part of style-branches much longer than

29. €. Prescottiana, Boott in Proc. Linn. Soc. i. 286, & eege
Linn. Soc. xx. 135, & Carew, i. 45, t. 115 (excl. Hawaii plant); sp ross
lower peduncled 4-6 in. long slender, styles 2-fid, utricle small con ott in
ovoid slightly nervose smooth eglandular beakless. C. producta; le only).
Herb. Hook.” C. teres P partly, Boott Careg, i. 62, t. 167 (lower utrie
—Carex, Wall, Cat. 3386,

Nepat, Wallich. KHASIA H1LLs, alt. 4500 ft. ; Myrung and Nunklow,
—Distrip. Japan. in. broad.

Glabrous, Stems 11-91 ft. Leaves nearly as long as stem, Up to i infl. not
Lowest spike 1-5 in. distant, peduncle 4-2 in.; lowest brach equally s ike 0 en
sheathing ; terminal spike 21 in. by } in., male, with a short second us" T glumes
added. Fem. spikes nodding, wavy, 3 in. broad, yellow brown in fruit. es scarcely
about as long as utricles with a short excurrent tip or obtuse. Hn scatte
yz in., slightly inflated, irregularly 3-5-nerved on each face, with a very sath pardly
sunk obscure glands, suddenly narrowed at top to a small entire mon nailer, less
microscopically a beak.—Very near C. prelonga, but the utricles are | al spike i5
nerved, without linear beak ; and in all the specimens seen the termina this with
wholly male.—In his * Carex ” i. 62, t. 167 (and herbarium), Boott wich sles
C. sandwicensis, Boeck. (C. Prescottiana, H. Mann) from the Sand oott«
which the utricle differs materially. I think it probable that C. Presco Bootl) for
was C. heterolepis, Bunge, Euum. Pl. Chin. Var, [1831] 69 (not 2
Bunge says his C, heterolepis resembled C. pendula, but had a bifid sty

. . 0 lowest
30. C. ceespititia, Nees in Wight Contrib. 197 ; spikes flos 2-fid,

subsessile or erect on a short peduncle cylindric dense rig! -

J. D. H.

. - lar su
utricle ovoid compressed irregularly few-nerved smooth eglandu 412;

denly narrowed into a minute entire beak. Kunth Enum. Den
Boott Core, iv. 133, t. 498, fig. 3; Boeck. in Linnwa, xl. 277
Wall. Cat. 3392.

Sytner, Wallich, C. B. Clarke. . regular inf
1, Glabrous, 2 ft, high, babit of C. rigida, Gooden., but with a most ii. long;
lerminal male spike sometimes 4 in. usually 0-2 in. above the next

Carez.] OLXXII. CYPERACEE. (C. D. Clarke.) 711

pale, slender, or shorter thicker purple-chestnut. Fem. spikes often 1 by } in.,
often 2-7 fascicled with 1 or 2 remote below, frequently with 1-6 rectangularly
divaricate short branches. Uéricles greyish with green margins, and 1-4 irregular
green nerves.—A ppears always thus irregular ; the rhizome is usually woody, short,
but sometimes the stem at base appears slender decumbent rooting in mud. Easily
recognized, as being the only low-level Indian species at all resembling C. rigida.

9l. C. rigida, Gooden. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ii. 193, t. 22, fig. 10;
stems 4—8 (rarely 10-12) in., leaves (dried) flat or margins near base slightly
recurved, spikes 3 or 4 close together cylindric short dense, bracts not
overtopping the infl., styles 2-fid, utricle ellipsoidal flattened smooth
nearly nerveless apiculate by minute entire beak. Schk. Riedgr. i. 56, &
u. 25, t. U, fig. 71; Reichb. Tc. Fl. Germ. viii. 12, t. 225, fig. 578; Boeck. in
Linnza, x]. 414. C. saxatilis, Schk. Le 54, & ii. 25, tt. i, fig. 40, & tt. fig.
40; Kunth Enum. ii. 410. C. vulgaris, var. alpina, Boott Carez, iv. 167,
tt. 568-574. C. orbicularis, Boott in Proc. Linn. Soc. i. 254, & in Trans.
Linn, Soc. xx. [1851] 134.

ALPINE HIMALAYA and W. TIBET, alt. 9-13,000 ft., from Gilgit, Giles, to
Sikkim, J. D. H.—DisTRIB. Cooler parts of the World.

. Stoloniferous. Leaves often curved. Spikes 4-4 by 1-j in. Fem. glumes ovate-
triangular, acute scarcely mucronate, chestnut-purple.—In the original C. orbicularis
Se the utricles are unusually large, but not larger than in some European

8,

32. €. vulgaris, Fries Nov. Mant. iii. 153, & Summ. Veg. 230; stems
often 10-20 in., leaves (dried) conduplicate, spikes less close longer, utricle
Dore or less slenderly nerved, otherwise as C. rigida, ` Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ.
vii. 13, tt. 226, 227 ; Boott Carew, iv. 166, tt. 557-567; Boeck. in Linnea,
i 416. (C. cæspitosa, Schk. Riedgr. i. 57, & ii. 27, figs. Aa, t. 85, a, b, &

b, t. 85, c, d, e; Kunth Enum. ii. 411.

` N.W. HIMALAYA and W. TIBET, alt. 10-13,000 ft., from Gilgit, Giles, to Lahoul,
aeschke, frequent.— DISTRIB. Cooler parts of the World.

Some of the material Mr. Baker considers good Yorkshire C. vulgaris, but there
are many examples which he considers do not match either C. vulgaris, Fries, or C.
"gida, Gooden.
al Var. B distracta; spikes less close,

t. 8000 ft. , C. B. Clarke.—Altogether unlike any European form,

lowest 2-7 in. distant.— Kashmir ; Gurais,
J. G. Baker.

33. C. erostrata, Boott ms.; utricles obovoid compressed beakless,
Otherwise as C. rigida, Strachey Cat. Pl. Kumaon, 73; Duthie in T. E.
thins, Gazetteer, x. 618.
n op) MAON; Barji Kang Pass, alt. 14,500 ft., Strachey & Winterbottom (Carex,
«7 instead of a minute beak there is a triangular notch at the top of the utricle.
cannot recollect ever seeing any C. rigida like it,” J. G. Baker.
Subgenus II. Carex proper. Style-branches 3 (see also 2. C. steno-
2^ lla).
8 Sect. 4. Rar#. Stem with 1 spike (seealso 42. (
MS (i.e. rudiment of the suppressed upper part of spikelet)
"ele. Bract hardly longer than fem. glumes.

34. €. microglochin, Wall. in Handl. Kong. Akad. Stockh. 140, &
Fl. Lapp. 224; spike ii in, style-branches 3, utricles lanceolate acu-

C. radicalis), fem. at base.
often present within

712 OLXXIL OYPERACEX, (C. B. Clarke.) [ Carez.

: : > iedgr.
minate glabrous striate, ripe deflexed with seta protruded. Schk. Riedgr
32, t. Sees, fig. 110; Kunth Enum, ii, 424; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. Ka
3, t. 196; Boott Carex, iv. 174, t. 589; Boeck. in Linnea, Wide Zeie
Uncinia microglochin, Spreng. Syst. iii. 830; C. B. Clarke in Journ. toa,
Soc. xx. 401. U. europea, J. Gay in Flora (1827] 28. Leptolepis ,
Boeck. Cyp. Nov. i. 31 (partly, i. e. Schlagintweit, n. 6450).

N.W. HiwALAYA and W. TiBET, alt. 11-15,000 ft.; from the Fen:
Thomson, to Kunawur, Jacquemont, frequent.—DisTRIB. N. Europe, Asia,
land.

Glabrous. Rhizome slender, very short. Stems 6-12 in., slender. Lewes searocly
% length of stems, setaceous. Spike pale brown, in flower hard y 19, cele about
Fem. glumes ovate, obtuse, obscurely nerved, shorter than utricle. vith entire.
gin. (includ. exsert rigid seta often more than 4 in.); beak terete, ct, “ato a
Nut oblong.ellipsoid, brown, about 4 utricle.—In fruit the seta un its apex is
straight smooth yellow linear cone filling the mouth of the utric e; 2 —Uneinia
often a curved point articulated which sometimes is a rudimentary in ` ch de-
differs from Carez only by the hooked end of the seta, but the hoo » ot putting
veloped in C. microglochin as it is in U. Kingii ; and the only reason or no to the
C. microglochin into Uncinia is that the latter genus is very nearly con
S. Hemisphere.

. 3 3: "
35. €. parva, Nees in Wight Contrib, 190; spike 4-i in. stre
branches 3, utricles lanceolate acuminate long-beaked glabrous or i. 56,
ripe deflexed with seta included. Kunth Enum. ii. 419; Boott Jae nil
t. 418; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxix. 98. C. macrorrhyncha, Karel, €
in Bull. Soc. Mose. iii. [1842] 521.

; IM
HIMALAYA, alt. 11-12,000 ft., from Kaspar (Deosai), Winterbottom, to SIKE
Lachen), J. D. H.—Disrris. Central Asia. . ut.
Soe aes C. microglochin, but stouter in allits parts. Spike brown ar
Fem. glumes ovate, acute, lower aristate, lowest, empty sometimes ae ing in the
Utricle usually 4 in. and more (much like that of C. microglochin rec Wé carrying
seta); beak slender terete with oblique subentire mouth. Seta sometim
a rudimentary minutely hairy glume, but included.

Log le-
36. C. linearis, Boott Cares, i. 51, t. 136; spike 2-3 in. linear, io
branches 3, utricle oblong complete glabrous nerveless beak th of beak.
as long as nut with a slit on posticous face extending 3 lengt Soe. i.
Boeck. in Linnea, xxxix. 36. C. Esenbeckii, Boott 1n Proc. Tt ides J.
285, & in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 133 (mainly, not of Nees). C. e ks Oo .
Gay ms. Hemicarex sp., Benth. in Gen. Pl. iii. 1072. D. TT ock. .
Clarke in Journ, Linn. Soc. xx, 382, chiefly (no£ Kobresia trinervis,
Uncinia nepalensis, Nees ms. hen)
HIMALAYA, alt, 11-14,000 ft.; from KASHMIR, Levinge, to SIKKIM (Lachen
J, D. H. t base with
Glabrous. Rhizome short, woody. Stems densely tufted, clothed a ]timately
testaceous or subcastaneous sheaths becoming torn and fimbrillate ; stems 3 in sub-
1-2 ft., in flower often only a few inches. Leaves in flower often 2 or A at base.
sequently 1 ft., setaceous, Spike nearly always bisexual, § in. broad, E aristate
Fem, glumes elliptic-oblong, greenish then pale brown, obtuse, lower 9 utricle,
bract-like. — Ufricle 4 in. long, thin, passing into the beak. | Nut iocus face 0
exactly oblong, trigonous, pale brown, one angle pressing against pos e trinervis,
utricle.—Confounded by Boott originally with C. Esenbeckii (i.e. Kobrest his Herb.
Boeck.), and by Bentham and myself, Boott’s figure is correct, but discussed the
he has Kobresia trinervis still partly mixed, nor has he perhaps K trinervis
synonymy quite satisfactorily. Most of the material is easily sorted, because A-

| reading at right angles, with no linear tip to beak or a most min

Carex.] CLXXIL CYPERACEE. (C. B. Clarke.) 713

abounds in spikes wholly male, whereas in C. linearis the spikes are fem., at top
male. But in K. trinervis there occur fem. spikes shortly male or barren at top,
and these exactly resemble spikes of C. linearis. The only diagnostic difference
appears to be that in K. trinervis, the bracteole (homologous with utricle of Carex)
is split on the posticous face nearly to its base so that the nut is partially protruded ;
ne. linearis the beak of the utricle is split on the posticous face nearly (not quite)
i Its base, so that the nut is completely inclosed in the utricle. The habit of C.
mearis is entirely that of a Kobresia, and the two genera touch at this point.

Var. 8. elachista 3 stems (with nearly ripe fruits) scarcely 2 in., leaves exceeding
ens spikes in fruit $ in., very slender all bisexual 2—4-nutted.—W. Nepal, alt.
i -12,000 ft., Duthie (n. 6001).—Thbis looks like a distinct species; but there is
dine of it, and except in size no distinction between it and C. linearis has been

vered.

, 37. €. vidua, Boott ms.; spike 1 in. linear, style-branches 3, utricle
(including beak) oblong-ellipsoid glabrous without nerves, beak as long as

nut with a slit on posticous face extending 1 length of beak.

SIKKIM ; Lachen, alt. 13,000 ft., J. D. H.

Glabrous. Stems 6 in., rigid, clustered, at base covered by dark-chestnut shining
fimbrillate sheaths. Leaves nearly as long as stems, setaceous. Spikes seen wholly
fem., abont $ in. broad, denser, more rigid, than in C. linearis. Fem. glumes ovate,

obtuse, brown, yellow-backed, lowest hardly aristate. Utricle with beak }-{ in.

ong; utricle proper obovoid, scarcely longer then the obovoid, nut passing imper-
eptibly into an ovoid compressed beak of same length and width, scabrous on margins,
top obtuse. — A strange plant marked by Buott “ dioica,” the 4 spikes seen have some

‘terile glumes at top.

38. C. rara, Doott in Proc. Linn. Soc. i. 284, & in Trans. Linn. Soc.
Xx. 139, & Carew, i. 44, t. 109; rhizome very short slender, stems and leaves
very slender, spike 1-3. by i-i in. dense, style 3-branched, utricle ovoid-
Pyramidal many-ribbed glabrous. hw. Enum. 354; Boeck. in Linnea,
xxix. 36. C. nana, Boott in Mem. Amer. Acad. N. S. vi. 418, & Carex, iv.
Bo 449, fig. 9. C. capillacea, Benth. Fl. Austral. vii. 438 (scarcely of

ott),

Buoran, Grifith, Kuasta HILLS, Griffith, alt. 6000 ft., C. B. Clarke. CEYLON,

t. 6000 ft., T'waites.—DisTRIB. Japan, Borneo, Austral.
Glabrous. Stems 4-20 in., tufted. Leaves often half as long as stems, setaceous,

| Spikes nearly all bisexual, terminal male portion shining ferruginous, very narrow.

Utricle in fruit close,

em. glumes ovate, obtuse, 3-nerved, shorter than utricles.
ute subrecurved

, muero, strongly closely ribbed without glands, or in Khasi examples sometimes with

‘wer weaker ribs and scattered large glands between (= the Japan C. nana, Boott).

l 39. C. capillacea, Boott Carex, i. 44, t. 110; rhizome 0, stems and
Paves capillary, spike 2-4 by Ac in. dense, style 3-branched, utricle ovoid-
Pyramidal many-ribbed glabrous. Boeck, in J4nnxa, xxxix. 87.

hp EN, alt. 9-12,000 ft., J. D. Hooker, Ze, BHOTAN, Griffith.—DisTRIB,

Stems 4-10 in., tuft i i ts than C. rara, but I see no other

i D ed.—Smaller in all its parts ra,

Zeenen Australian plant called by Bentham C. capillacea has leaves and

P as wide as C. rara, and I refer it to rara accordingly ; it might be all treate 1
One,

: Sect, 5. Inpic#. Terminal spike fem, at base male at top; or, when spikes
“Y numerous many male at top, terminal (1 or few) sometimes wholly male.

714 CLXXIL CYPERACEE,. (C. B. Clarke.) [Carez.

* Subscapose, basal leaves long, cauline leaves and bracts very short.

40. C. cyrtostachys, Brongn. in Bot. Voy. Coquille 152, t. 25; inf
compound, spikes linear-oblong lax pale, style 3-fid, utricle ellipsois:
trigonous many-nerved minutely hairy, beak scarcely } utricle. E.
Enum. 3.513; Moritzi Verz. Zoll. Pn 98; Boott Carex, n. 103, t. 310;
Boeck, in Linnea, xl. 327.—Carex, Wall. Cat. 3383.

Pewanc; Wallich. PERAK; alt. 3500 ft. King’s Collector, SINGAPORE,
Ridley.—Distris, Malaya, China. . bradical

Glabrous, except utricle. Rhizome horizontal, thick. Leaves many, dh ih ath 3
1-2 ft. by 3-4 in., flat, tough, many-nerved. Scapes numerous, 4-9 in., wit duncles
and peduncles nearly throughout their length; bracts 0-} in. linear; pe arcely
exsert 0-1 in., 1-5-spiked. Spikes } by j-À m. Fem. glumes ovate, acute, soa send
mucronate, shorter than utricle. Utricle $ in.; beak scarcely notched. Sly Boott
its 3 branches short, style-base linear. Nut ‘‘ distorted by depressions, o only
gynophore small yellow, there are two main lateral excavated patches. (
Indian species that has a strongly excavated-distorted nut.)

41. C. Helferi, Boeck. in Linnea, xl. 365; basal leaves long up to 1
in. broad, scape with 4-6 distant peduncles each carrying one dem he.
cylindric pale head, ind. minutely hairy, style 3-fid, utricle ovoid Wi)
trous beak linear $ utricle.

TENASSERIM ; Helfer (Kew Distrib. 6111, 2). .

Rhizome stout. [MAS 20 in., flat, sub Saved, Scape 10-14 in. M 23
by 4 in., sublanceolate ; peduncles exsert, 4-1 in., minutely hairy. Spt ^t NM bristle
oblong or (fruiting) ovoid, 4-1-nutted, ferruginous. Fem. glumes P both ends,
exceeding beak of utricle. Utricle } in. and upwards, pyramidal at ul ase
slenderly many-nerved, minutely hairy; beak slender, mouth very sm?

D

minutely bulbous to hold slightly bulbous style-base.—An unmistakable spectes.

42. €. (t) pandanophylla, C. B. Clarke; leaves long broad, Ven
in numerous fascicles on branches of scape female at base male S "eria
glumes elliptic obtuse minutely scabrous-hairy long cuspidate.
pandanophylla, Kurz ms.

Prau; Yomah, Kurz. 2 ft. by 1-13

Very stout. Rhizome oblique, woody. Leaves subradical many, 1 se. Scape
in., flat, striated, glabrous, as though petioled, petiole dilated at teles 4 in.
stout, 9 in., branches 2-3 in., minutely hairy. Spikes j-À by de in. Wee narrow
setaceous. Glumes closely imbricated on all sides, chestnut-colrd. wi dvanced,
white margin.— Very young ; at Calcutta where the material is little more ut they
the minute “flowers ” in the lower axils of a spike appeared utricular "leaves ure
might represent the youngest stage of a Mapanioid inflorescence ; the
altogether like those of Mapania.

** Spikes short, very numerous (not scapose).

D n-
43. C. indica, Linn. Mant. 574; leaves subbasal very long, infl ele

gate, of distant peduncled pyramidal compound panicles, you E le sub-
3-$ in. linear pale long-bracteoled, glumes aristate, style 3-fid, "l| into an
globose trigonous many-striate glabrous suddenly contracte: Linnea,
oblong-linear beak. Boott Curez, ii. 87, tt. 250, 252-254; oec k, ; Steud. in
xl. 347 (excl. Wallich n. 3420, not Kunth, or Nees.) C. Moritzib Cat
Zoll. Verz. Ind. Archip. ii, 60; Boeck. in Linnæa, xl. 350. O. longue” qx
Boott ms.; Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlv. (pars. 2)
fissilis, Boott ans.

CHAR,
EASTERN PENINSULA; from Srixx1M Terai (Dulkajhar) C. B. Clarke, & CA

Carez.] CLXXIL CYPERACEE. (C. B. Clarke.) 715

Thomson, to SELANGOR, Kunstler. Nicopars; Jelinek,—DISTRIB. Cochinchina,
ava,

Glabrous, except secondary panicle-branches, Rhizome coarse, woody, with
harsh black bristles (remains of sheaths). Stems 2-2} ft. Leaves numerous,
2-3 ft. by à in. coarse, margins scabrous, nerves very numerous strong, 2 lateral
Prominent on upper face. Inf. 18 in. ; lower peduncles often 5 in. exsert; bracts
usually as long as infl. Spikes (young) Ae in. diam., distant, in fruit divaricate,
pale brown with about 6 divaricate utricles. Utricle fuscous green, obscurely
Inflated, 20-30-nerved ; beak oblique, sometimes sparsely setose, 4-2 utricle,
mouth small oblique scarcely bifid. Nut ellipsoid, trigonous; style-base somewhat
bulbous.—This is usually recognized among this critical group by the linear pale
spikes and the frequent conspicuous subulate i in. bracteoles at their base. C.
divaricata, Wall. Cat, 3533 from Saluen River, very young, has been supposed to be
C. indica, but it wants the characteristic setaceous bracteoles.

Var. ? B, laetebrunnea ; spikes $ in. fine brown, male glumes scarcely aristate
young brown, utricles ripe brown obliquely erect not divaricate, style-base on ripe
nut not bulbous. ©. Thwaitesi, Boott ms. (not Hance). C. bengalensis, Zhw.
Enum, 355 (not Roch). C. indica (partly), Boeck. in Linnea, xl. 317 ; Loott
Carex, t. 251.—OCEYLON; Thwaites (C.P. n. 2628). ?MerGUL; Grifith (Kew
Distrib. nn, 6135, 6137, but specimens too young for determination).

Var. Milnei (sp.) Boott ms.; slenderer with narrower leaves, spikes }-} in.
male part short, glumes pale strongly aristate. Carex? Wall. Cat. 3533.—Pahang,
Ridley (n. 2143, a.) Borneo, New Caledonia, Polynesia.—Stems 1 foot; leaves } in.
broad; bracteoles setaceous, less prominent than in C, indica type.

44. C. distracta, C. B. Clarke; leaves sub-basal very long, infi.
elongate of distant peduncled pyramidal thin panicles, spikes 4-3 in.
linear-oblong solitary brown slenderly bracteate, fem. glumes truncate
aristate, style 3-fid. C. fissilis, Boott ms. (not Boott Carex).

Assam; Herb, Kew. .

Habit and infil. of C. indica, Linn. Partial panicles compound but lax, spikes
mostly 3 in. apart, early divaricate; bracteoles hair-like, 4 in., inconspicuous.
Utricle (young) nearly glabrous.—The closest affinity of this plant may not be
with Q. indica, but it is exceedingly unlike Boott’s C. fissilis from Aneiteum, of

Which the type figured is in Herb. Boott.

45. C. cruciata, Wahl. in Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Stockh. xxiv. 149;
not of Nees); leaves very long, infl. elongate of distant peduncled
Pyramidal compound panicles, spikes i in. linear-oblong ferruginous, 3-6
nutted, style 3-fid, utricle ellipsoid trigonous strongly-ribbed sud enly
contracted into beak 1-2 utricle. C. bengalensis, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 572;
Boott Carex, ii. 85 partim (t. 243); C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Boc.
Xv. 82. C. valida, Mees in. Wight Contrib. 123; Kunth Enum. ii RA
Indica, Munro in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 423; C. B. Clarke Le. M Mé
tn Obs. (not of Linn.) C. vacua, Boott ms.; Boeck. in Linnea, x de
(partly). ©. Bruceana, Boott ms. [cf. Boott Carex, ii. 85.] C. congensata,
Boott ms. (Griffith, Kew distrib. n. 6049, &c.) C. canaliculata, Boott ms.—
Carex, Wall. Cat. 3400 B.

Sikkim; alt. 4-6000 ft., J. D. H., &c.
KHASIA ; alt. 0-5000 ft., frequent. end
1ng $ Collector.—DisTR1B. China, Madagascar. . . "
labrous except the secondary panicle-branches and sometimes utricles. Rhizome
Woody, horizontal. Stem 2-3 ft., stout. Leaves often as long as stem, š Pest :
broad, flat, many-striate, caudate-acuminate ; 2 lateral nerves often manire i
asal sheaths usually shining yellow-brown, rarely much fimbriate iuto black toug

BnorAN; alt. 6000 ft, Grifith.
"PERAK; alt. 3-600 ft.;

716 CLXXIL CYPFRACEE, (C. D. Clarke.) [Carez.

fibres, Inf. 12-20 in. ; lower peduncles often 2-3 in. exsert, bracts usually as ng
as infi., leaf-like. Spikes in fruit divaricate on the stiff divaricate panicle- ree
Glumes (from middle female flowers) much shorter than utricle, ovate, SCH
or not mucronate, 3-l-nerved on back, ferruginous, lineolately marko d rarely
Ae in., ferruginous or brown, prominent in fruiting panicle, scarcely ato at 13
glandular-dotted, quite smooth or minutely scabrous towards neck; ri " y fiting
thick; beak usually sparsely scabrous, with elliptic mouth on one side. Tsch
pretty closely utricle, ellipsoid, substipitate, pyramidal at top; style-base
dilated.

Var. B magporensis; secondary panicles with suberect branches scarcely
pyramidal sometimes very slender, ripe utricle scarcely inflated fuscous SC Nage
with black or red dots in upper half, beak subconic at base 3—5 utricle.— MAPA
pore; alt. 2-4000 ft., common from the Kolhan to the summit of Duc? E One
great variety of forms is here included, all undoubtedly one species ar eler
matching C. cruciata, Wahl. typ. One form is large, with the second N Di Ge
long-peduncled large dense branches in fruit very stout rigid erect; “Th " is every
. narrow leaves, panicles slender the lower with only 5-8 spikes. ther intensely
gradation between, The utricles are sometimes nearly glabrous, sometimes
scabrous with large linear-conic points.

i icle
Var. y argocarpus ; secondary panicles pyramidal often very dense, BP hie fy)
glistening white inflated conspicuous. C. bengalensis, Boott Carex, " SÉ Boott
tt. 240-242; Boeck. in Linnea, xl. 846 (partly). C. vacua and C. con Khasia and
ms. (partly.)—Abundant in INDIA, from the E. Nepal, J. D. H., to ank having
Assam, Tonkin.—A plant collected by Boott on the Brahmapootra luins form
fuscous-green utricles much less conspicuously ribbed, is supposed a Ps in the
of var. argocarpus. Most of the glistening-white fruits are fusco
herbarium.

46. C. parvigluma, C. B. Clarke; leaves very long, stem m
infi. usually of one pyramidal compound panicle, spikes as of ` suddenly
style 3-fid, utricle globose trigonous many-striate glabrous
narrowed into a linear beak 2 utricle.

Assam ; Luckimpore, alt. 1500 ft., C. B. Clarke. Leaves 2-3
Glabrous, except panicle-branches. Rhizome horizontal, woody. bling much à
ft. by j in. Stem including inf. 5-8in. Infi. 3 by 1j in, resembng Dis,
single peduncled panicle of C. cruciata ; in one example a small neary ot inflated,
is added. Fem. glumes exceedingly small, elliptic, aristate. Utricle h it is nearly
rather larger, and nerves 15-18, slenderer than in C. cruciata, to whic
allied, but differs by the short stem, and very small glumes.

not
47. C. condensata, Nees in Wight Contrib. 123 (Royle, n- ded long
of Kunth); leaves very long, infl. elongate of distant pedane eq utricle
panicles, spikes 1-$ in. clustered ferruginous 3-6-nutted, sty le x 1 Jength
narrow-elhpsoid trigonous irregularly ribbed not inflated, bern Atkinson
of utricle 2-fid. Boott Carex, ii. 86, tt. 247, 248 ; Duthie in E. hiefl y, €
Gaz. x. 616. C. bengalensis, Boeck. im Linnen xl. 347 (¢ "6, in
indica, var. condensata, Strachey Cat. Pl. Kumaon, 73. O. indica,
Wight Contrib. p. 193 (Royle n. 85).—Carex, Wall. Cat. 3400 A.

je to
Sind; Pinwill. HIMALAYA, alt. 1-10,000 ft., common; from Dalhons
Bhotan. Kuasra HiLzs, alt. 4-5000 ft., abundant. . icles, and the
Separated from C. cruciata by the less pyramidal partial panic ften nearly
utricle, which is smaller with linear-oblong shorter beak, less nerved e half. The
nerveless on the plane face), frequently black- or red-dotted in the Wieder (when
utricle is more or less scabrous-pilose, but sometimes glabrate. The p:
dry) is always between cinnamomeous aud brown.

Carez.] CLXXI CYPERACEE, (C. B. Olarke.) 717

48. C. vesiculosa, Boott Carez, ii. 107, t. 323; inf. irregularly
panicled, spikes rarely clustered, style 3-fid, -utricle small narrow-ellipsoid
trigonous irregularly ribbed not inflated, beak } utricle with narrow bifid
mouth (otherwise as C. condensata). Boeck. in Linnea, xl. 345. C.
diffusa, Boott ms.—Carex, Wall. Cat. 3400 B.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA; alt. 4000 ft., C. B. Clarke. Buotan; Grifilh, KHASIA
HiLLs, alt. 4-6000 ft., very common.

Leaves rarely } in. broad, usually narrower than in C. condensata. Fem. glumes
ovate-lanceolate (hardly mucronate) nearly as long as ripe utricle, more enclosing
utricle than iu preceding species. Beak of ufricle longer than in C. condensata,
more narrowed at top. Infl. (in dried plants) usually rich-brown, sometimes paler,
cinnamomeous, — Hardly separable from C. condensata.

Var. B paniculata; inflorescence a compound loose rich-brown panicle, utricle
ig in. (larger than in C. vesiculosa, Boott type).—Sikkim ; alt. 700-2500 ft. (Herb.
Griffith), C. B. Clarke.

. 49. €. continua, C. B. Clarke; leaves sub-basal very long narrow,
inf. elongate cylindric nearly continuous, spikes numerous solitary fine
brown, fem. glume with bristle as long as utricle, style 3-fid, utricle small
oblong-ellipsoid trigonous strongly many-nerved hairy narrowed into
short deeply bifid beak. C. Bruceana, Boott ms. (in small part.)

t NEPAL; Wallich. Sr HIMALAYA; alt. 500-1100 ft., plentiful, €. B.

arke.

Tufted. Rhizome woody, short. Stems 8-16 in. Leaves numerous, much over-

topping stems, 4-1 in. wide, tough. Infi. 4-8 by 1j in., scarcely interrupted at
ase; bracts long, overtopping inflorescence. Spikelets }-} in., 3-7-nutted,
numerous and close together, not clustered as in C. vesiculosa. Utricle |j in.,
narrow, brown, with 15-20 regular close strong nerves.—The utricle is not unlike
that of C. vesiculosa, the injl. is different, somewhat resembling small forms of
C. cruciata, with which latter Boott arranged it.

90. C. stramentitia, Boott ms.; Boeck. in Linnma, xl. 351; inf.
young pale straw-colrd. ripe dirty-straw-colrd. not brown, style 3-fid,
utricle rather large globose-trigonous many-striate glabrous not inflated,
beak linear 4 utricle very shortly 2-fid. C. condensata, Boott ms. (partly).
C. eondensata, B flava, Nees in Wight Contrib. 123. C. Wightiana, Boott
De (partly.) C. filicina, Boeck. ms. in Herb. Schlaginiweit n. 14702.—
Carex, Wall. Cat. 3398.

From Nepat to extreme E. Assam, alt. 500-3000 ft.; common in lower
Sixx, J. D. H., &c. Garo, KHasiA and MIKIR Hits, on Assam face. CHOTA
NAGPORE; BEHAR ; on Parasnath, alt. 4000 ft., C. B. Clarke.

Glabrous except the secondary panicle-branches. Rhizome stout, woody. Leares
2-3 ft., often 3-2 in. broad. Panicle often 12-16 in., linear-oblong ; partial
peduncles compound, lower distant; spikes fascicled, resembling those of C. conden-
sata, Utricle 4 in. and upwards, rather acute, trigonous, fuscous green, very sud.
denly narrowed into beak ; nerves 15-20, slender but well-marked.— From its habit,
this plant has been mixed with C. condensata, from which its large utricle entirely
Scparates it. It is really very near C. indica, Linn., and closely resembles it in the
Utricle; but the spikelets are shorter, whiter, and the characteristic conspicuous
Setaceous bracteoles of C. indica are wanting.

5l. C. filicina, Nees in Wight Contrib. 123; leaves very long, infi.
elongate of distant pyramidal compound panicles, spikes small often
Very many on slender branches not congested, female glumes small not
(or scarcely) mucronate, style 3-fid, utricle small narrow ellipsoid or

718 CLXXII. CYPERACEX. (C. B. Clarke.) [Carez.

ovoid definitely nerved glabrous (very rarely thinly minutely setulose) heak
linear about as long as utricle [but see vars. B, y.] Kunth Enum. ii. 910;
Boott Carew, iii. 105 (vars. a and. y) tt. 311, 312; Boeck. in Linnea, xl. 352;
C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 82. C. meiogyna, Nees tn Wight
Contrib. 123, var. B (Wight n. 1915, b.) OC. cruciata, Thw. Enum, 355
(parily.) C. nilagirica, Hochst. ; Steud. Syn. Cyp. p. 207.

Throughout the Enast and Naca Hiris, alt. 1500-6000 ft.; NILGHIRI
and PurNEY HILLS; alt. 4-7000 ft. CEYLON; Thwaites (C. P. 820, partly), &c.—
Drernrp. China, Java. . d

Glabrous, except the minutely hairy panicle branches. Rhizome very w »,
short (no long stolons). Stems 1-3 ft. Leaves often as long as stems, and ps oen
type rather broad (often À in. and more) flat, thin. Panicle usually more t an
stem ; partial panicles often very dense ; branches much slenderer than in C. gem t
or condensata. Fem. glumes commonly small, ovate, as long as utricle (wit "e
beak), sometimes elliptic-lanceolate, glabrous or minutely hairy, chestnut in `
Indian form, often paler or ferruginous in the Khasian. Utricle 75 M., t
fitting the black nut very closely, about 15-nerved, tapering or suddenly narrowed a
top; beak oblique, curved, subrecurved or straight, more or less scabrous- anys
mouth very small, shortly bifid.—Here are included the C. jilicina, a, of Nees and
Boott, and the Khasia var. y pallida of Boott which has usually (not always) Pa n
glumes. The utricles in the Khasia plant are often shorter and more ovoid tha
in the S. Indian.

Var. B meiogyna, Strachey Cat. Pl. Kumaon 73; leaves often narrower, beak
shorter from % to 3 utricle. Duthie in T. E. Atkins. Gaz. x. 616 ; Boott GH
tt. 313-316. C. meiogyna (sp.) Nees in Wight Contrib. p. 123 (only Royle, n a?
Cyperus caricinus, Don Prodr. 39.—From N..W. Himalaya to Bhotan, alt. 3- al
ft., very common.—Considered here as a stouter form of this (as by Boott dubions d
and Boeckeler) with the same distribution is C. cruciata, Nees in Wight Con in
123 (a only); Strachey Cat. Pl. Kumaon, 73 ; Boott Carex ii. 319, 320; Duthie )
T. E. Atkins, Gaz. x. 616, also marked by Boott — C. ramosa, Schk. (a Mascarene 2.
which it is near; but it is nearer the true C. cruciata above, from which it d
in the slenderer panicle-branches and spikes. ikes

Var. y minor, Boott Carex, iii. 103, tt. 317, 318; leaves very narrow, En 1
small pale densely clustered, glumes ferruginous, utricle very small, beak haw A is
utricle.—N. Sikkim; alt. 7500-10,000 ft., J. D. H., &c.—À very similar plant ©
found in Khasia, alt. 6000 ft., but with the beak of utricle much longer; it mus
a var, of C. filicina, Nees.

Var. ? 8 microgyna; leaves very narrow, spikes very slender, glume
ovate obtuse dark brown, utricle very small fuscous, beak hardly j utric
Wall. Cat. 3399. Kurg and Ceylon. Chittagong; Arracan and Ava.

52. C. plebeia, C. B. Clarke; leaves narrow, partial panicles
pyramidal slender, spikes brown, fem. glumes ovate acute scarcely mu. d
nate, style 3-fid, utricle (for the plant rather large) narrow ellipso
acutely trigonous strongly many-nerved hairy fuscous-brown, beak scarce y
¢ length of utricle.

CHOTA NAGPORE; alt. 1500-2000 ft., throughout the province, C. B. Clare.

This may be esteemed another var. of C. filicina, Nees. It was in cultro
in 1879 in the Calcutta Bot. Garden under the traditional name of C. benga ot ,
Roxb. It is the only Carex that Roxburgh would know at his old Samu erch
station, and the only species convenient for introduction at Calcutta. But Role that
describes his C. bengalensis as having come from Sylhet; and it is proba ciat,
Roxburgh would not have differentiated a low-level Khasia plant of C. educe C.
Wahl. from C. plebeia. I have therefore thought it more convenient to T mes 0
bengalensis, Roxb. to C. cruciata, than to introduce a great change 1n the na
this critical group.

s very small
le.—Carex;

Carex.] CLXXII, CYPERACE&. (C. B. Clarke.) 719

53. C. leptocarpus, C. B. Clarke; leaves subbasal very long, infi.
elongate, partial panicles distant long-peduncled pyramidal compound thin,
spikes 4 in. distant 3-6-nutted, style 3-fid, utricle very distant ellipsoid
tapering-lanceolate much recurved strongly-nerved glabrous greenish,
beak linear conic 2 utricle.

MUNEYPOoR ; Watt (n. (6728.)

Glabrous (paniele branches minutely scabrous hairy). Stems 2-3 ft., stont.
Leaves as long as stem, 4—4 in. broad, harsh, two lateral nerves conspicuous, Infl.
1-1} foot ; lowest peduncle exsert, 6 in. ; partial panicles 3 by 24 in. ; bracteoles 4 in.,
filiform. Young spikelets linear, pale-brown ; ripe spikelets rather wide from the
strongly divaricate utricles. Fem. glumes elliptic-lanceolate, mostly bristle-pointed.
Utricles 2-2. in, apart, des in. long, slender (not well ripe).—From the remote

utricles this species does not resemble any of the other allies of C. cruciata, Wahl.

94. C. mercarensis, Hochst. ms.; Steud. Syn. Cyp. 194; partial
panicles oblong or scarcely pyramidal, fem. glumes aristate ferruginous
(otherwise as C. filicina). C. cruciata, var. B Nees in Wight Contrib. 124.
C.amoena, Boott Carex, iii. 106, t. 321; Boeck. in Linnea, xl. 354. C.
ramosa, Boott Carex, iii. 105, t. 392 (excl. Maurit. pl., not Schkuhr). C.
Lindleyana, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. (partly). C. glaucina, Boeck. in
Linnea, xl. 353 excl. Hohen. n. 629 (which Boeckeler never saw).

NILGHIRI and Putney Mrs. ; frequent, from COURTALLUM, Wight, to Ooty,
alt, 8000 ft., C. B. Clarke. .

A nearly glabrous form, branches of panicle only minutely scabrous on angles.

tricle nearly à in., ellipsoid-trigonous, 15-nerved, glabrous, pale, tapering into
oblique linear beak about as long as utricle.— Hardly differs from the Madras C.

icing, growing with it, but by the pale ferruginous-green colour, the rather larger
utricles, and (especially) the definitely aristate female glumes, C. ramosa, Schkur,
a Mauritius plant, with which Boott combined it, has hairy utricles and distant
spikelets laxly panicled.

Var. B major, Steud. Syn. Cyp. p. 194; spikelets 1-3 in. linear with 6-10 distant
seabrous-hairy utricles. c. Bri Schk.? Boott ms.—Canara, Hohenacker (n.
629) ; Anamallays, Beddome.—This has been greatly confused, having, on account
of its number (Hohenacker, n. 629) been taken in Herb. Kew for C. glaucina, Boeck.,
and “ written up ” accordingly. But Boeckeler's C. glaucina is founded on W ight,
n. 1293 = Boott, tab. 322, which is not exactly = Hohenacker n. 629; but here is
treated as a form of it.

55. C. raphidocarpa, Nees in Wight Contrib. 122; leaves minutely
hairy, panicle-branches densely hispid (otherwise as C. mercarensis).
Kunth Enum. ii. 512; Boott Carez, ii. 85, t. 244; Boeck. in Linnea, xl. 363
(raphiocarpa).

i one collection).

UE. Hips saat tn C. mercarensis d rather larger fruits, that might

le esteemed merely a larger hairy form of it.

96. C. ceylanica, Boeck. in Linnea, xl. 341; glabrous (panicle-
branches minutely scabrous), leaves rather short not caudate, utricle
rather large shining brown (otherwise as C. filicina, Nees). C. cruciata,
hw. Enum, 355 (partly).

CEYLON ; alt. 6600 ft., Thwaites (C.P. 820 partly). 8

eaves A aoaia 5 in. tip sword-shaped (very unlike all the C. filicina
Soup) Fem, glumes brown-red, ovate-lanceolate, not aristate. Utricles & dm.
tllipsoid-trigonous, 15-nerved, minutely hairy in upper part, tapering into an oblique

12) OLXXIL OfPERACEZ. (C. B. Clarke.) [ Carex.

linearbeak 2 utricle.—Boott never named this, but left it in his C. filicina packet.
Munro notes that it looks like C. Lindleyana.

57. C. Wightiana, Nees in Wight Contrib. 122; leaves sien
very long, infl. elongate, lower panicles distant peduncled oblong toa
simply spicate, spikes } in. often 6-8-nutted pale suberect in ran,
bracteoles inconspicuous, style 3-fid, utricle ellipsoid:trigonous, many
nerved greenish scabrous-hairy, beak linear $ utricle. Kunth . num. v
512; Boott Carex, i. 11, t. 30 (excl. Khasia plant); Boeck. in Tammen 5
366. C. meiogyna, Nees L. c. 123 (a! the Madras material, Wight, o trib.
&c.). C. indica, Nees ms. in Herb. Wight n. 1914, and in Wight Contri.
123.—Carex, Wall. Cat. 3400, C. (partly).

Sours Mapras; Courtallum, Wight. ` : .

Glabrous, except panicle-branches and utricles. Rhizome stout, horizontal
Stems 2-23 ft. Leaves often as long as stem, }—} in. broad. Infl. often : y "nous.
lower panicles in fruit 2 by 4 in. Young spikes linear, green, somewhat errog 20 of
Fem. glumes ovate, acute, pale, often shortly aristate. Utricles $—$ 10.» ev eri SÉ
more; beak nearly straight, mouth slender 2-fid.—A very home, it under
specimens, apparently all from one neighbourhood, though Nees descri
three names.

58. C. ecostata, C. B. Clarke; leaves narrow, infi. elongate dare
brown, lowest panicle distant slenderly peduncled narrow oblong, style
reduced to a spike), fem. glumes ovate-triangular not mucrone H vie
3-fid, utricle ellipsoid trigonous nearly nerveless glabrous, beak sug!
oblique 2 utricle.

East Assam; Jakpho Summit, alt. 9900 ft., C. B. Clarke. ai ut

Closely resembles in general appearance and infl. the Indian C. Wight the
the utricles are almost nerveless; they usually have one face quite nerv
other faces with 1 or 2 irregularly-placed thin nerves on each.

D l,
59. C. repanda, C. B. Clarke ; panicles very distant small pyram
spikelets 1-3 in. 4-nutted pale divaricate in fruit, bracteoles T fineart
spicuous, utriele narrow-ellipsoid many-nerved pale glabrous, Weg Boott
curved j-i utricle (otherwise as C. Wightiana). C. Wightian Du
Carea, i. 11 (var. perigyniis glabris, Boott, ms. i.e. the Khasian p a

ks Da, alt. 3000-5500 ft., J. D. H., C. B. Clarke.

infl.

60. C. perakensis, C. B. Clarke; leaves subbasal long KEE
elongate, partial panicles linear-oblong erect, spikes oblong , ir
white, style 3-fid, utricle ellipsoid trigonous many-nerved hairy»
straight linear about 1 utricle.

PERAK; Wray.

Glabrous (panicle branches minutely scabrous scarcely hairy).
woody. Stem 2 ft. Leaves rather longer than stem, } in. broad, overtopping
nerved. Injl. 8 by 14 in.; lowest peduncle 3 in. distant; bracts far Ae dark-red
inflorescence, Partial panicles with erect connivent branches 1m, fruit, em, glume
styles prominent over the white glumes and white-green utricles- jin.

as long as utricle, exclusive of short bristle. Utricle (with beak) nearly
shortly bitid.

, 61. C, sanguinea, Boot in Proc. Linn. Soc. 1. 255 den infi.
Linn. Soc. xx. 137, & Carex, ix. 157, t. 515; leaves shorter capitate
narrow, infl. elongate, partial panicles oblong with irregu ary owed at
dark-red spikes, style 3-fid, utricle narrow ellipsoid trigonous P

Carez.] CLXXIL CYPERACEE. (C. B. Clarke.) 721

both ends minutely scabrous hairy, beak scarcely } utricle. Boeck. in
Linnea, xl. 874; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 406.

W. HIMALAYA ; alt. 3000-6000 ft. ; Kunaor, Royle; Hazara, Stewart; Murree ,
Fleming, Trotter.

Glabrous (panicle branches minutely scabrous, hardly hairy). Rhizome woody,
branched, with several approximate stems, Stems including infl. 8-18 in. Leaves
numerous, scarcely 1 in. broad. — In/l. often occupying 2 the plant; lower peduncles
exsert; bracts finely caudate, shorter or longer than inflorescence, Spikes 1—] in.,
4-8-nutted, comose from the long red style-branches. Fem. glumes ovate-triangular,
not aristate, much shorter than utricle. Utricle Ae in., narrowed at both ends,
red-marked, obscurely nerved. Nut stipitate, narrowed into the linear persistent
style-base.—The exsert part of style-branches is longer than utricle, and longer than
as shown in Boott’s picture. This species does not seem very closely allied to the S.
Indian C. Lindleyana, &c. ; it should perhaps stand next C. vesiculosa, Boott.

62. C. rhizomatosa, Steud. in Zoll. Verz. Ind. Archip. ii. (1854), 60
and Syn. Cyp. 206; leaves shorter than infi. narrow, infl. linear, peduncles
distant slender nearly simple, spikes ovoid 1—4-nutted brown in irregular
heads, style 3-fid, utricle broadly ellipsoid trigonous scabrous hairy, beak
scarcely $ utricle 2-fid. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 348. C. Cuminziana,
Steud. Syn. Cyp. 206 ; Boott Carex, iii. 107, tt. 324, 325; Boeck. in Linnea,
xl. 367; Vidal Pl. Vase. Filip. 286. C. capitulata, Boott ma.

Assam; Gowhatty, Boott. Kaasta Ha: N. face, alt. 2-3000 ft., frequent,
C. B. Clarke. MUNEYPOOR; Watt. Patkoyre Mrs.; Griffith.—DisTRIB. Tonkin,
Java, Philippines,

Glabrous (except utrieles). Rhizome very tough, covered with black fibres of
torn sheaths (it grows where the grass is burnt annually). Stems tufted, 6-18 in,

eaves usually 3-6 in. by } in., not caudate. Infl. 6-10 by scarcely Z in.; upper
Tacts about as long as infl. Heads of spikes 1-} in. diam., usually only one on
each peduncle, but peduncles often 2 from one sheath. Fem. glume ovate-lanceolate,

rown, often mucronate ; male glumes mucronate. Utricle fuscous brown, obscurely
8-15-nerved.

63. C. Lindleyana, Nees in Wight Contrib. 121; leaves subbasal
long narrow, infi. elongate lower peduncles distant, partial panicles cor-
ensed oblong brown-green, style 3-fid, utricles oblong-ellipsoid many-
Rerved glabrous, beak linear straight deeply bifid 2 ntricle. Kunth Enum.
1. 512; Boeck. in Linnea, xi. 362. C. thyrsiflora, Boott Carex, i. 12, t. 34.
C. cruciata, Thw. Enum. 355 (partly).
Noen Hints; alt, 6-8000 ft., Wight, frequent. CEYLON ; alt. 5-8000 ft.,
Thw. (C.P. 3161, &c.) 0.
Stems 1-2! ft Leaves j in. broad, not overtopping infl, not caudate. Fem.
fumes ovate, sometimes shortly mucronate, many-nerved, Ufricles not much
fering from those of C. cruciata, Wahl., with which Thwaites, united it. Partial
Panicles 1} by 3 in., dense, unlike the pale pyramidal partial panicles of C. cruciata.

. 64. C. leucantha, Arnoti ex Boott in Proc. Linn. Soc. i. 257, and
™ Trans. Linn. Soc, xx. 135, and Carew, i. 10, t. 23; leaves very long
harrow, infil. elongate depauperated, peduncles few distant very short
carrying 1 or 2 small whitish heads, style 3-fid, utricles broad-ellipsoid
£onous many-nerved hairy not inflated, beak linear $ utricle. Tw.
Enum. 355; Boeck. in Linnea, xl. 369.
n SOUTH Deccan; Courtallum, Wight. CEYLON; not rare up to 2000 ft.
twaites (C, .
Stems OD fe eio) slender. Leaves overtopping infl., j in. broad. Lower
VOL, VI, oA

122 OLXXIL OYPERAOEX. (C. B. Clarke.) [Carez.

peduncles often 6-8 in. distant, exsert 1-2 in.; heads depauperated, j in. diam. of
1-6 spikes. Spikes } in., ovoid (in fruit), 4—8-nutted. Fem. glumes ovate, son
nate, cuspidate (cusp not overtopping beak of utricle), nearly glabrous except A
top. Utricle (with beak) 2 in., nerves 20 not strong; beak rather deeply bifid,
very little conic-dilated at base.

65. C. malaccensis, C. B. Clarke; heads pyramidal rigid 4 a
diam. white, female glumes minutely hairy, utricle strongly-nerve
glabrous subinflated narrowed into conico-linear flattened beak scabrous
on margins, otherwise as C. leucantha.

Matacca; Langkawi, Ridley (n. 1669). ën (in C

Bracts under terminal head 4 by 2 in., leaf-like, horizontally spreading (in ;
leucantha, weak suberect very narrow), Beak of utricle curved inwards rete)
compressed with two acute very scabrous margins (in C. leucantha nearly tera
—The long narrow leaves and few depauperated remote white heads are very ©
C. leucantha.

66. C. spicigera, Nees in Wight Contrib. 191; leaves very long
narrow, infl. oblong panicled fuscous, lower peduncles 1-2 in. distan: `
partial panicles oblong interrupted, style 3-fid, utricle ellipsoid trigona Á
many-nerved hairy, beak oblong scarcely 4 utricle. Kunth Enum. 1. 97^"
Boott Carex, i. 10, t. 29; Thw. Enum. 355; Boeck. in Linnea, xl. 368.

CEYLON ; “Central Province up to 6000 ft., Thwaites (C.P. n. 822), &c. 1 in;

Stems 1-1} ft. Leaves overtopping infl., }-} in. broad. bat, 3 by lumes
partial panicles j by X in., dense. Spikes in fruit. ovoid, 4-nutted. Fem. rown-
ovate, often aristate, shorter (including bristle) than utricle. Utricle 35 in-, OF
red; beak scarcely notched.

. ` tt
Var, 8 minor, The, Le, 355; very slender, infi. 1 by j in. E. Gardneri, Boe
ms.—CEYLON (C.P. n. 824), Gardner. Stems 8-10 in., almost capillary.
scarcely A in. broad, Inflorescence reduced to a subsessile interrupted spike.

_ Var. y rubella (sp.) Boott Carex, iv. 176, t. 599; infl. a single terminal pyr
midal dense head $ in. diam.— Ceylon (C.P. 2629).

Var.? 3 rostrata, Boeck. in Linnea, xl. 369; utricles nearly twice PM
narrower evidently beaked nearly smooth, glumes muticous. (CE. T xd a var.
355].—CgvroN; Thw. (C.P. 2629).— This appears from description scarcely

of C. spicigera, but I have failed to find it among Thwaites C.P. 2629.

*** in each

Spikes long-cylindric. Peduncles mostly solitary, sometimes 2, le in C

sheath (cf. C. arridens, n. 78.). [Terminal spike sometimes wholly ma
desponsa and C. prestans. ]

d
67. C. baccans, Nees in Wight Contrib. 122; robust, leaves fy
bracts long, panicle oblong or linear-oblong, fem. glumes striate finally
throughout their width, style 3-fid, utricle ovoid-trigonous gibbons ui
berried, beak short ultimately minute. Kunth Enum. ii. 513; Thw. a, xl.
355; Boott Carez, ii. 83, tt. 234-236 and 238, 239; Boeck. in Linney,
339; C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxv. 82. C. curvirostri oud in
Suppl. 79, t. 20; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 350. C. recurvirostris, Link ms.
Zoll. Verz. Ind. Archip. ii. 60, and Cyp. 207. C. dolicophylla, ^^
(fide Boeckeler).

ATS

SIKKIM and KrastA to the Naga Hrs: alt. 2500-7000 ft. Ma LABAR E:
to CEYLON; alt. 3-6000 ft.—DisTRIB. Java, Sumatra, China, Philippines. stems.
Glabrous. Rhizome very stout, short, horizontal, with SECH 12-18
Stems often 3 ft. Leaves often overtopping inflorescence, 3 in. broad. :

Carez.] CLXXIL CYPERAOEE, (C. B. Clarke.) 723

by 3-4 in. (small examples occur); bracts much overtopping infl.; lowest peduncle
usually distant, exsert; partial panicle often 2-5 by 1-2 in. Spikes lj by 4 in.,
male portion dark-red when young. Fem. glumes ovate or obovate, acute or obtuse,
often cuspidate sometimes (even in large examples) muticous. Utricle in the fully
developed state yo in. diam., nearly globose, wall thickened more or less succulent,
red, nearly glabrous rarely obscurely scabrous-hairy near top; utricles in the half-
Tipe state usually olivaceous with more prominent recurved beak. Nut ellipsoid-
trigonous, pyramidal at both ends, black, much narrower than utricle ; style-base
near,

Var. ? B siccifructus ; fem. glumes 3-5-nerved close to the keel, ripe utricles
ovoid somewhat inflated strongly many-nerved pale scabrous hairy near top, beak
straight short bifid. C. baccans (an var. an sp. nova?) Boott Carex, t. 237.—
Khasia; near Cherra, alt. 3500 ft., J. D. H., C. B. Clarke.— Appears nearer C.
Myosurus, &c., than C. baccans ; the utricles get more or less red occasionally.

68. C. Myosurus, Nees in Wight Contrib. 122; robust, leaves and
bracts long, panicle elongate usually ample, spikes long many tailed by
male portion, style 3-fid, utricle oblong attenuated at both ends nerved
slightly hairy, beak short slightly notched nearly straight. Kunth Enum.
1.507 ; Boott Carex, ii. 87, tt. 229, 230, 232 ; Boeck. in Linnea, xl. 334. C.
macrophylla, Hochst. ms. ex Steud. Syn. Cyp. p.207. C. æquata, Nees ms.
—Carex, Wall. Cat. 3384 B.

Niranmi & Porney Hiris ; alt. 5-7000 ft., common. Courtallum ; Wight.

labrous except utricles. Rhizome stout, short. Stems 2-3 ft. Leaves otten as
long as stem, 1-3 in. broad, scabrous, caudate. Panicle 1 foot, lax (see remarks under
Var. 8); branches scabrous, scarcely hairy. Spikes 3 by 1 in., many male 1j in.,
Pale or more rarely deep brown. Fem. glumes ovate, often cuspidate, sometimes
muticous, Utricle exceeds jin. in Nilghiri type, pale, much stipitate; nerves 12-15,
hot strong. Nut narrowly ellipsoid, trigonous, stipitate, filling utricle; style-base
Dot dilate, "T

Var. 8 eminens (sp.), Nees in Wight Contrib. 122; utricles shorter broa er, bea
often rather Geck Rha Kunth Le. 506. C. floribunda, Boeck. lc. 335. C.
Myosurus, Nees l. c. 122 (Himal. pl.). C. scoparia, Wallich, ms. Carex, Wall. Cat.
3382, 3397, 3384 A.—Throughout Himalaya, alt. 2500-7500 ft., from Kashmir to
otan, —Varies greatly in development ; spikes sometimes 6 only, in C. b Clark e,
n. 24,938 are 210 in the part of panicle preserved. The spikes are usually cep
brown in the Himal, plant). The utricles are always considerably shorter (anc
usually broader) in var. 8 than in the Nilghiri plant ; in C. eminens, Nees, the common
Himai, plant the beak is deeply bifid; in some Sikkim and Bhotan plants (C.
foribunda, Boeck.)the beak is not more notched than in the Nilghiri plant (t »
utricle is much broader), In Wallich, n. 3384, A, the whole of the upper part o
the infl, is male. , , ü deep

Var. y r is; panicle narrow 10-15-spiked, fem. glumes muticous dee]
brown, trice acy eral oblong ellipsoid, beak very short lightly P t
Myosurus ? potius quam C. baccans," Boott ms.— Upper Sikkim, alt. R c
Ratong Valley, J. D. H.—Is taken here as an extreme high level state of C.

yosurus, Nees (forma floribunda (sp.) Boeck.).

duncles

69. C. prestans, C. B. Clarke; tall, very long, lower pe i
very distant, solitary long, spikes long many of the upper wholly male or
with 1 or 2 fem. only at base, fem. glumes elliptic-lanceolate scarcely

: i i id trigonous
mucronat 1 rtopping utricles, style 3-fid, utricles ovoid trig
minutely hairy at tom. beak conic-linear } the length of utricle. C.

yosurus, Duthie ms.

Kumaon; alt. 7-8000 ft., Duthie (n. 6118). l
Glabrous. Ge ft. Leaves and bracts as in C. Myosurus. Infl. 2 ft. long ;
342

724 CLXXIL CYPERACEX. (C. D. Clarke.) [ Carex.

lowest peduncle exsert 5 in. Partial panicles 4 by 14, appearing as if simple with
distant whorls of sessile spikes. Spikes 1% in., throughout the plant many male,
many with only one basal fem. Utricle with many, not prominent, nerves.—This
may be a sexual (nearly male) state of C. Myosurus, as Duthie regarded it.

70. C. spiculata, Boott in Proc. Linn. Soc. i. 288, and in Trans. Linn.
Soc. xx. 189 and Carer, i. 3, t. 7; leaves narrow, spikes denser with
obliquely ascending fruits, panicle more rigid (otherwise as C. Myosurus,

var. f).

SIKKIM ; alt. 1-2000 ft., common. KnmHasra Ertrag alt. 250-6000 ft., very
common. uu
Uıricle ellipsoid, trigonous ; lanceolate upwards ; beak as though short cylindric,
the strong margins of the utricle carried up the beak as winged margins.— oot
says separable from C. Myosurus by the glabrous utricles, but in Boott's own
material the utricle is more or less hairy—just as in C. Myosurus.

Var. nobilis (sp.) Boott Carer, i. 4, tt. 9, 10, 11; infl. large compound, Tipe
utricle more spreading their short beaks somewhat recurved. C. pandata, Boot
ms.—Jaintea Hills; alt. 3500-5000 ft., J. D. H., C. B. Clarke.—This local form
very striking, and is named C. nobilis by Boott in Herb. Hook. ; but the C. nobis
Boott, tt. 9, 10, 11, appear large forms of C. spiculata, leading on to the Jaintea
plant.

71. ©. composita, Boott Careg, i. 3, t.8; leaves long narrow, panicle
long narrow, spikes in fruit dense, fem. glumes brown-margined em"
often overtopping beak of fruit, style 3-fid, utricle small obovoid py"
midal-compressed at top hairy nearly or quite nerveless beak very sma `
Boeck. in Linnea, xl. 328; C; B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxv. 82.
Myosurus, Boo£t ms. (partly).

From Buoran, Griffith, to Merev, Grifith, Knasta Hiris; alt. 3-6000 ft-,
J. D. H., &c., and east to NAGA HILLS. : in
_ Glabrous, except utricles, Rhizome creeping ; stolons often 3-6 in. by P ;
diam. Stems 2 ft. Leaves usually (with bracts) overtopping stems, o M- est
caudate-setaceous rough-tipped. ` Ia, 6-12 in., narrow, 6-15-spiked ;
peduncle usually short 4—1-spiked, occasionally more distant long filiform. em.
usually 1-15 in., sometimes nearly 3 in., and much broader with very o, ble
glumes. Utricle short-stalked, green then stramineous.—Primarily distinguish
from C. Myosurus and C. spiculata by the nerveless utricles.

72. C. desponsa, Boott Careg, ii. 89, t. 228; leaves long narrow,
peduneles 3-7 very distant 1-spiked, terminal spike with fem. at ele
wholly male, fem. glume small ovate cuspidate, style 3-fid, utricle ^
ellipsoid trigonous nervose glabrous, beak linear 3 utricle.

Knasra Hiris, alt. 5-60 i oads, J. D. H.

Glabrous, Rhizome woody, t eeng and Mairung f in. , Leaves sac?
overtopping stem, 3-4 in. broad ; lower spikes 3-6 in. apart, Jong-peduncled. Pons
1} by } in, lax, ferruginous green. Utricle (including beak) } in., Fo ,
or brown-red, beak sparsely scabrous with 2 small teeth.—Boott likens this an
longipes, Don in general habit. It does not seem really allied to Oo Myosurus, ith

the terminal spike being not ; ity is perhaps nob W'
the Sect. Indice. g rarely wholly male, its true affinity 15 P

T
73. C. scitula, Boott Carex, iv. (1867), 177, t. 600; stems slende

tufted, leaves overtopping i i i -7 oblong € lindric dense
comose from browne, ae infl linear, spikes 3-7 oblong cy” ate, style

ed stigmas, fem. glumes lanceolate acumin

Carex.| CLXXIL CYPERACE®. (C. D. Clarke.) 725

3-fid, utricles very small ellipsoid trigonous nerveless minutely hairy, beak
short conic. Boeck. in Linnea, xl. 385.
MISHMEE Hits; Paen Panee (Khosha’s), Griffith (Kew Distrib. 6097).
Glabrous. Stolons long, slender, becoming woody. Stems 6-10 in. Leares
$ in. broad. Spikes $ by &in. Fem, glumes } in., brown-red. Utricle nearly
white, narrowed into beak, beak included much shorter than glume. Style-branches
3, exsert part much longer than utricle, persistent.

*** Spikes long cylindric. Peduncles often several from one sheath.

74. C. insignis, Boott Carex, i. 5, t. 14; cauline leaves many shorter
than infl. narrow, their sheaths concealing nearly whole stem, infl. long
narrow, peduncles severalor many from each sheath, spikes long linear
lax dark green, style 3-fid, utricle ellipsoid trigonous nerveless nearly
glabrous, beak conic-linear 2 utricle. Boeck. in Linnea, xl. 337.

From East NEPAL, J. D. H., eastwards to ASSAM and the Kuasia HILLS, alt.
8500-7000 ft., common.

Glabrous. Stolons stout, elongate, covered by torn scales. Stems 2-3 ft., lowest
6-12 in. covered by nearly leafless red sheaths. Leaves 6-12 by }-1 in., flat. Infl.
often 12 by 2 in.; lower bracts similar to the leaves, not overtopping infl. Spikes
1,-2 in. by }-} in., mostly shortly male at top, terminal one sometimes wholly male.
Fem. glumes ovate, obtuse, cuspidate, shorter (cusp included) than utricles. Utricles
(beak included) } in., sometimes hispid-scabrous on angles and margins of beak,
otherwise glabrous. Nut closely filling utricle; style-base linear.

75. C. polycephala, Boott Carex, i. 4, t. 12; leaves long, infil. elon-
gate oblong dense, peduncles fascicled, spikes large oblong-cylindric dense
straw-colrd., fem. glumes elliptic acute, style 3-fid, utricle ellipsoid
trigonous few-nerved glabrous, beak linear as long as utricle. Boeck. in
Linnea, xl. 333.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 7-10,000 ft., J. D. H., Ee .

Glabrous. Rhizome stout; stolons elongate. Stems 12 18 in., robust, Leaves
exceeding infl. 1-} in. broad. Infl. 10 by 2-3 in. Spikes numerous, solitary (many
long-pedicelled), 3 by 1-1 in.; terminal spike (always as seen) female at base.

ian ^ d i traw-colrd.

em. glumes acute-triangular, scarcely mucronate, 1-nerved, bright s
Utricles A in. (or rather more), green finally black, not inflated, nerves 6-8, suddenly
narrowed at top; beak smooth, shortly 2-fid. Wut ellipsoid, trigonous, pyramida

at either end, dark-brown ; style-base not dilated.

76. C. Walkeri, Arnott ms. ex Boot? in Prov. Linn. Soc. i. 257 and
in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 129, and Carex, i. 2, t. 4; leaves nearly as long as
stem, infl. elongate narrow interrupted, peduncles fascicled, spikes long
inear, fem. glumes oblong-obovate cuspidate, style 3-fid, utricle oblong
trigonous attenuate at either end glabrous, beak conic-linear length o
utricle. Tw. Enum. 335; Boeck. in Linnea, xl. 333. `
t Ninanir Hitts; alt. 5-7509 ft., frequent, C. B. Clarke. CeyLoN ; alt. 7000
t., Thwai *. P. n. 2751), &c. —DISTRIB. Java. . . i

"Glabrous. EE Leares often ł stem, }-} in. wide. Inf. 20 by WR
in.; lowest bract often not reaching halfway to its top. „Spikes 2 by a in, dark
rown in Ceylon examples, pale ferruginous-green m Nilghiri; termina NM Pre
spikes often wholly male or with only lor 2 utricles at base. Weg au ^ one
Included, shorter than utricles. Utricles 1-3 in., scabrous on riw and o ak,
attenuated into beak, nerves not prominent. Nut oblong-ellipsoid trigonous.

: d bracts
77. ©. decora, Boott Carex, i. 5, t. 15; stout, leaves a ne
long, inf. long narrow, peduncles often clustered, spikes large "incar

726 CLXXII. CYPERACEÆ. (C. D. Clarke.) [Carez.

purple-red, several terminal frequently wholly male, fem. glumes ovate
obtuse or retuse, style 3-fid, utricles long narrow-ellipsoid trigonous nerve-
less glabrous, beak 4 utricle. Boeck. in Linnea, xl. 338.

SikxiM HIMALAYA ; alt. 9-12,000 ft., J. D. H., &c., abundant. &

Glabrous. Rhizome woody ; lateral shoots strong. Stems 2-3 ft. Leaves often
overtopping infi., 3-4 in. broad, coarse. Infl. 18 by 3 in. ; lower peduncles some-
times 8 in. exsert, 6 in. long, 5-spiked. Terminal spike with a few fem. at beet
sometimes 6-10 top spikes wholly male 13 by A in. Fem. glumes 3-5 1P., dar lon ,
scarious-edged, lower often distant. Style long, base conic, branches. ` ong:
Utricles 3-1 in., attenuate at both ends, greenish, not inflated ; beak conic- inoar,
often minutely scabrous, teeth 2 long linear.—Varies greatly iu size of glamen oN
utricles; a large form with utricles more than 4 in. long and clusters of wholly
male spikes has been taken for a distinct species.

78. C. arridens, C. B. Clarke ; robust, leaves overtopping stem, infi,
elongate, peduncles 2-1 from each sheath bearing many spikes, T d
linear-lanceolate dark-red with few fem. at base or wholly male, style th M
utricle ovoid trigonous nerveless hairy, beak linear hairy longer tha
utricle.

Prev ; Nattoung, alt. 4000 ft., Kurz. Prax; alt, 3000 ft, Kunstler. sines

Glabrous, except utricles. Rhizome oblique, woody, stout. Stem 18 in. wer
(subbasal) numerous, j in. broad, coarse, strongly striate. Infl. 12 by2in; Male
peduncles distant, exsert 2 in., stout, erect. Spikes A-Z in. rather stout. argin.
glumes oblong-obovate, obtuse, scarcely mucronate, red-brown with scarious m Ve
Fem. glumes ovate, acuminate, scarcely mucronate, much shorter than utricles i into
included). Utricle covered with golden hairs in upper part suddenly narrowe dal at
beak, beak slender 2.fid into two large lips. Nut ellipsoid, trigonous, See from
both ends, dark-brown, style-base linear.— C. diraricata, Wall. Cat. 35
Saluen is very young; it may be this.

79. ©. Daltoni, Boott Carex, i. 5, t. 16; large, leaves long, infl. lorg
compound peduncles clustered, spikes linear, fem. glumes cuspidate, WJ
3-fid, utricle small narrow ellipsoid trigonous nerveless hairy, beak obiona

linear 3 the length of utricle. Boeck. in Linnwa, xl. 331. C. crassipes»
Boeck, l. c. 329.

UPPER SIKKIM ; alt. 710,000 ft., J. D. H., Pantling. Botan; Grifith. Am

Glabrous. No stolons seen. Stems 2-2} ft., stout; lower sheaths horny, tout,
or chestnut-colour, grooved. Leaves many, overtopping the stem, j in. broad, long,
striate. Infl. 18 in. by 6; peduncles in lowest sheath sometimes 6-20, 7 Ts ikes
slender. Spikes 2 by 1 in., chestnut. or pale-yellow or intermediate ; termina Ke
often nearly (sometimes wholly) male. Fem. glumes ovate, subobtuse, cusp re fully
to top of beak of utricle. Utricles becoming chestnut-red almost shining when ri
ripe, narrowed into beak (yet nut is obovoid rather obtuse) ; beak not hairy, $
on the bifid teeth.

Ws
, 80. C. inzequalis, Boott ms. ; medium sized, leaves long very Kee
infi. long compound, peduncles clustered, spikes linear, glumes shor Leien,
pidate, style 3-fid, utricles small narrow ellipsoid trigonous nerveless
beak oblong-linear 2 utricle.

9-11,000 ft.,

Kumaon, alt. 8-9000 ft., Duthie. Sikk1M HiMALAYA; Lachen,
J. D. H. jfi. 7 by

Stems slender, 12-15 in. Leaves as long as stem, hardly 2 in. broad. M
lin. Spikes 3 by 1 in., chestnut or pale; terminal spike sometimes wholly" ripe,
Closely allied to C. Daltoni; the utricles turn shining chestnut-red when he ` the
aud (what is unusual in Carew) though the utricle is attenuated into the ,

|
|

Carex.] CLXXIL OYPERACEÆ. (C. B. Clarke.) 727

nut is obtuse at op. The difference in size, stoutness, and breadth of leaves between
this and C. Daltoni is great.

81. C. Winterbottomi, C. B. Clarke; leaves and bracts narrow
slightly overtopping infi., infl. long narrow of 19 spikes whereof 6 terminal
wholly male, peduncles clustered, fem. glumes elliptic acute pale, style
3-fid, utricle ellipsoid trigonous nerveless hairy, beak bifid 1 length of
utricle. C. setigera? var. fasciculata, Strachey Cat. Pl. Kumaon, 73;
Duthie in T. E. Atkinson Gaz. x. 616.

Kumaon; alt. 8000 ft., Strachey & Winterbottom (n. 16).

Glabrous. Rhizome creeping, woody. Stems approximate, 10 in. Leaves 1-1
in. broad, rather rigid. Infl. 6 by 1 in.; peduncles shortly exserted, little divided,
Terminal 6 spikes male, 1 by 4 in.; glumes pale brown, acute, not cuspidate, mar-
gins white shining. Lower spikes $ by 1-3 in., with 4-8 basal females. Style-
branches 3, rather long. Fem. glumes pale, 1-nerved, exceeding utricles,

82. C. pulchra, Boott Carex, i. 4, t. 13; leaves shorter than infl.
narrow, infl. oblong, peduncles short clustered, spikes rather numerous
linear, chestnut-brown, fem. glumes very small not cuspidate, style 3-fid,
utricle small narrow ellipsoid trigonous nerveless glabrous red-brown,
heak conic-linear 4 length of utricle shortly bifid. Boeck. in Linnæa, xl.
36.

Sixxm HIMALAYA; alt. 10-14,000 ft., Lachen, J. D.H. East NEPAL;
Tambur River, J. D. H. . .

Glabrous. Stolons slender. Stems approximate 8-16 in., slender. Leaves
scarcely 3 in. broad, 1 or 2 cauline often present. Infi. 4 by 1 in.; spikes mostly
fem. with a few males at top, terminal sometimes wholly male ; peduncles often 6 or
more clustered, not rarely divided. Spikes 1 by jede in., much slenderer than in
C. inequalis or Daltoni. Fem. glumes se in., about as long as utricle- This
Species differs from all (except C. munda, Boott) by the very small glumes an

utricles, and very slender spikes.

83. C. munda, Boott Carez, i. 7, t. 20; leaves about as long as inf.
narrow, infl. very lax, peduncles distant long lower often paired, spi »
oblong-linear straw-colrd., fem. glumes elliptic triangular-tipped, sty! es
3-fid, utricle ellipsoid-trigonous nerveless glabrous green-yellow, beak i
utricle nearly entire. Boeck. in Linea, xl. 383.

. 10—14,000 ft., J. D. H., &c., frequent. .

GC, A Stems 10-18 in., very slender. Leaves 175 in
broad, weak. Infl. of few scattered distant solitary spikes; lower peduncles often
exsert 3-6 in, Spikes mostly fem. at base (terminal sometimes who y ma A 3 y
Pino Utricle A —5 in.—Closely allied to C. pulchra, Boott; spikes a

73 ; inside utricle. Possibly a
larger (though small). Rhacheola not rarely developed inside utric À A
fori OG. ee ) the utricles are rather smaller, glabrous, the terminal spike

Usually fem. at base.

l. Kumaon, 73; spikes
84. C. Stracheyi, Boott; Strachey Cat. PT. ; e
20-30 loosely panicled ou slender long peduncles, uppermost 2 male, low er
fem. slender cylindric pale, style 3-fid, utricle ellipsoid-laveno ate setul »
narrowed into a linear-conic beak. Duthie in T. E. Atkinson Gaz. x.

N.W. HiwALAYA; Kumaon, alt. 8000 ft. (Mudhari Pass), Strachey & Winter-

bote AL, alt, 12-13,000 ft., Duthie. l |
Gla A Sime tis in, Leaves as long as the stems, } in. broad. Panicle
commencing at 8 in. from base of stem. Peduncles 2-5 from one sheath, o

728 CLXXII. CYPERACER. (C. B. Clarke.) [ Cares.

nearly capillary; bracts not overtopping panicle. Spikes solitary (rarely a "7
second added) $ by jin. ; two upper male (in one case with a disjunct fem. at ae,
ferruginous, the others fem. often shortly male at top. Fem. glumes ovate, acute,
(lower often mucronate), pale, shorter than utriele. Utricle small, less than 4$ A
yellow-green, obscurely nerved, setulose-scabrous at least in the upper half, granu "
or subscabrous below ; beak shorter than utricle, setulose, scabrous, shortly notehen s
exsert style-branches much shorter than utricle. Nut fitting the utricle, ellipsoid,
triquetrous, brown.—Very like C. munda, Boott.

*#*** Species of Sect. ' INDICE" not easily placed in any one of the preceding
four subsections.

85. C. curvata, Boott Carex, i. 2, t. 5 (non Knaf); small, leaves
filiform, infl. compound oblong yellow dense, spikes very small ovoid d
uutted with few males at top, utricle ellipsoid plano-convex 3-nerved,
glabrous, beak very short oblong bifid, style 3-fid. Boeck. in Linnea,
xxxix. 110.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA; Tungu, alt. 12-13,000 ft., J. D. H. Pharee, Dungboo. ved

Glabrous. Rhizome woody. Stems densely caespitose, 2-6 in., sometimes eur in,
Leaves overtopping the short stems, often curved, edges inrolled. Zut, 14 by n in-
lowest bract otten overtopping it. Lowest partial panicle subsessile (pedunc Se
cluded in the short sheath), nearly 4 in. with 2-6 spikes. Spikes $ m. d
entirely fem. Fem. glumes ovate, acute, scarcely mucronate, yellow, back E Pith
about as long as utricle. — Utricle Ae in., sessile, almost concavo-convex, yellow, eth
3 gre«n longitudinal bands; beak bifid, nerves of utricle running up into triate,
Rudiment of the spicula usually present, as long as utricle, flat, green, i " tricle
applied to the posticous face of nut, often (as observed by Boott) splitting the je has
down.— Boott was unable to indicate the affinities of this species; Boeckeler
placed it in the middle of Vignea ; it has several points in common with Kobresia.

86. C. inclinis, Boott ms.; stems 4-9 in. slender 4-6-spiked, m
much overtopping infl. narrow, spikes solitary nearly all male “4 ir.
terminal usually fem. at base, style 3-fid, utricle narrow-ellipsol r
gonous nearly nerveless, beak j-1 length of utricle. C. setigera, var.
inelinis, Boott ms. f
, Dee Himaraya; Tonglo, alt. 10,000 ft, and Lachen, alt. 12-13,000 ft.

- D. H., &c.

Glabrous, except minutely hairy utricles. Rhizome creeping ; stolons Con
rather slender. Leaves numerous, 1 ft. (and upwards) by 3 in.— Out of 17 ter geng
spikes 2 are wholly male, 15 fem. (usually only a few distant utricles) iccolate
Spikes solitary 2 by 4 in.; mele glumes dark red. Fem. glumes ovate-lunc ,

iia
Bowe not quite reaching beak of utricle.— Technieally near C. compost
oott.

87. C. fragilis, Boott Carex, i. 7, t.21; stem very slender, likes
about as long as stem narrow, peduncles 3-6 very distant filiform, e y
pale basal fem, distant, style 3-fid, utricle (unripe) oblong-obovoid min
scabrous-hairy, beak linear 4-8 utricle. Boeck. in Linnea, xl. 383

SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 11,000 ft.; Lachen and Lachoong, J. D. H. sely uni-
Glabrous, except utricles. Rhizome very short, horizontal. Stems den Lowes
seriate, 8-14 in. Leares Lin. broad, lower 1-3 in. long, upper up to 12 in. with 10
peduncle 3-4 in., capillary, uppermost 1-2 in. Spikes sometimes 1 by $ ^t
fems, at base; sometimes 6-8-tld., very slender the 2 or 3 basal fems. Ser few-
glumes elliptic, 3-nerved, emarginate, often muticous, Utricle very obscu HL; the
nerved.—Extremely like C. inclinis, collected at the same place by

material of both being scanty, and the fruits of C. f; agus only half ripe;

Fem.

Carez.] CLXXII, CYPERACES. (C. B. Clarke.) 729

safe to unite them. C. fragilis differs by the extreme slenderness of the infl. and
peduncles, and by lowest bract not (or scarcely) overtopping infl,

88. C. munipoorensis, C. B. Clarke; short, leaves and bracts
narrow overtopping infl., spikes all fem. at base oblong solitary straw-colour
not very numerous, lower peduncles 2-3-clustered, glumes elliptic-lanceolate
elongate, style 3-fid, utricle oblong glabrous beaked.

MuuIPOOR; Jopoo, alt. 9500 ft., Watt (n. 6894).

Glabrous. Rhizome woody. Stems approximate, 6-8 in. Leaves subbasal, nu-
merous, up to 11 in. by j in., rather tough. Infl. 8 by 1 in., a solitary long-
peduncled spike sometimes added near base of stem. Spikes 12-14 on 1 stem, % by
$ in., dense, Male glumes very elongate, not cuspidate ; fem. glumes similar, rather
less elongate, shining, irregularly 3-5-nerved, Ultricle not ripe.

89. C. speciosa, Kunth Enum. ii. 504; leaves long, spikes 3-1 very
remote linear fem. at base, style 3-fid, fem. glumes short ovate muticous,
utricle ovoid-pyramidal many-striate green puberulous hardly beaked.
Boott Carex, i. 99; Boeck. in Iinnea, xl. 388; C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn.
Soc. xxv. 82. C. concolor, Nees in Wight Contrib, 125 (not R. Br.). €.
peduncularis, Wallich ms. C. courtallensis, Nees ms.; ex. Boott Carex, i.
32, t. 138.

Widely distributed in INDIA. alt. 1-7000 ft. ; from Nepal to Sikkim, and Khasia
Hills te Muneypoor; also Kajmahl, Parasnath, and Mts. of S. India.—DisTR15.

Orneo.

Glabrous. Rhizome woody, short, with tough fibres (remains of lower sheaths).
Stems 1-2 ft., slender but tough. Leaves (subbasal) often exceeding stem, some-
times scarcely } in. wide, tough, many-striate, sometimes 2 in. broad, flat. Peduneles
Usually very short, often not exserted from sheath, but basal often 4-10 in. Jong
(perhaps a stem); bracts like the leaves usually not overtopping infl. Spikes 1-3 in.

Y 3 in. Fem. glume triangular-tipped, muticous, shorter then utricle. . GER
$ in, trigonous, not inflated, mouth nearly entire. Nut oblong-obovoid, 2 utricle,
black ; style (and its 3 branches) short, style-base scarcely dilated.

90. C. radicalis, Boott Carez, i. 56, t. 147; leaves subradical many
exceeding the slender stems, spikes 2-1 very remote broad ovoid 4 m. diam.,
style 3-branched, utricle ovoid many-ribbed hairy. Boeck. in Linnxa,
Xrxix, 40,

SIKKIM HIMALAYA ; Lachen, alt. 10-11,000 ft., J. D. H. .

Glabrous, except utricle. Rhizome oblique woody. Leares 10 by To in many:
Stems almost capillary, sometimes 2 from one sheath, sometimes with r en and
peduncle in the middle. Spike irregular, sometimes of 2 or 3 obscurely fused into
"hé head, pale. Fem. glumes ovate-triangular l-nerved, lower muerona `
ract-like sometimes 1 in. Utricle few, small, with no linear beak, dull green.

tem narrow,
91. C. curticeps, C. B. Clarke; leaves as long as 8 )
‘pikes 2-14 very long "approximate several terminal often male or with
ew fem. at base, fem. glumes ovate usually cuspidate, style - atricio
; in. and upwards elongate-lanceolate nerveless glabrous, bea 2 as long
Utricle,

Sikkim Hiwataya, alt. 10-12,000 ft., common, l 1 olin.
Glabrous. Stems 1-2 ft. Leaves rarely "P dn than è vin p D E alto:
ong. Fruiti spikes 2-84 in. long; glumes 3 in. apart, 3 in. . led to
gether resembling that 4 C. decora, but sometimes } in. long.—Closely allied
` decora, but the Zu. is uniform and very different.

C. B. Clarke.

130 CLXXII. CYPERACER. (C. B. Clarke.) [ Carex.

Sect. 6. ATRATE. Spikes few (1-8), terminal male at base fem. at top.
Glumes dark-chestnut or black except keel.

[See also C. melanantha, C. ustulata, and C. alopecuroides in the next
section.]

92. C. alpina, Sw. in Liljeb. Svensk. Fl. ed. ii. 26; slender, spikes
(3-4) cuboid or short cylindric approximate short-peduncled, style 3-fid,
utricle obovoid-ellipsoid’ trigonous granular pale obscurely nerved smoot
or very nearly so, beak very small oblong emarginate, nut nearly filling
utricle. Boott Carex, iii. 112 (incl. var. B infuscata, partly), tt. 356, 397,
358; Boeck. in Linneea, xl. 394, & in Journ. Linn, Soc. xvin. 104. C.
Vablii, Schkuhr. Riedgr. ii. 40, t. Ppp. fig. 154; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. M
16,t. 235; Kunth Enum. ii. 431. C. infuscata, Nees in Wight Contr
125 (partly); Kunth Enum. ii. 431. C. Lehmanni, Boott ms.; Strachey
Cat. Pl. Kumaon, p. 73; Boott Carex, iii. 113 (partly); Duthie tn E. 1.
Atkinson, Gaz. x. 618.

West HIMALAYA, alt. 8-15,000 ft., from KASHMIR to KUMAON, common ;
Sikkim; Yeumtung, alt. 15,000 ft., J. D. H—Disrris. Cold N. Hemisphere. s

Glabrous. Rhizome short, woody, slender. Stems 4-26 in., tufted. Lew’
usually much shorter than stem, near its base, narrow (4.5 in.); weak, nearly Ir, :
not rarely a node with leaf is added 1-2 in. below the infl. Spikes 3-4 by e
often sessile in a head, lowest scarcely } in. distant; lowest rarely lin. distant, nse
on a peduncle 4-1 in.; lowest bract usually about as long as infl. Glumes en
è in., ovate, triangular-tipped, yellow keel very variable in width, often 0. peourely
about A, in. yellow or ultimately pale brown, nerveless or irregularly o hort or
few-nerved, loose subinflated bat fitting nut; oblong part of beak cylindric, § hes 3
scarcely any, granular, quite smooth or very sparsely scabrid; style Oe ee by
protruded part about half length of utricle.— C. Vahlii, Schkubr, referred | M my
Boott and others, is described and figured with utricles hairy all over, ap t to C.
opinion should be excluded. As to the W. Nepal plants referred by Boot
Lehmannt, see remarks under that plant.

: r

Var. B erostrata ; Boott, l.c. 71, t. 194, fig. 2; beak of utricle 0,— PaT"
Royle. Tibet, alt. 15,000 ft., Strachey & Winterbottom.

Var. y gracilenta (sp.), Boott ms.; Strachey, Cat. Pl. Kumaon, p. 73; Very

z. je l.c.
slender, leaves scarcely A. in. broad, spikes small. Boeck. l.c. 189; Duthie

4.
618. C. alpina, f infuscata (partly), Boott Carex, iii. 113, t. 359 5, Boeck- 7 s
— Kumaon, alt. 10,000 ft., Strachey A" Winterbottom (n. 20). Sikkim ; Lacer than
11-14,000 ft., J. D. H.—Stems 2-16 in. Spikes + by 3 in., considerably #8 from
in the usual Himalayan form (C. infuscata, (sp.) Wight), but not difera species,
many European examples of C, a/pina. Though Boeckeler keeps this up as à
Buott finally accepted Spach’s opinion that it is only a form of C. alpina.

e
93. C. Lehmanni, Drejer, Symb. Caricol. 13, t. 25 lowest ph
sometimes 1-3 in. distant, lowest bract usually much overtopping, ina,
spikes and utricle smaller than those of C. alpina, otherwise a8 Tat
Sw. Strachey Cat. Pl. Kumaon, 73 ; Boott Carea, iii. 113, t 361 Contrib.
in Linnea, xl. 395. C. infuscata, B microcarpa, Nees in Wight
125; Kunth Enum. ii. 431.—Carex, Wall. Cat. 3381.

. to
HIMALAYA, alt, 11-13,500 ft.; from Kumaon, Strachey Y Winterbottom,
Sikkim, J. D. H., frequent. ately t'i-
Exceedingly near C. alpina, Sw. Stems sometimes rather stouter, es scarcely
quetrous, scabrous, but not rarely slender nearly as in C. alpina. tric wer th
Tz in., often scabrous on the shoulders, whence spikes often oblong, narro

Carex, | CLXXIL CYPERACER. (C. B. Clarke.) 731

in C. alpina.—Strachey & Winterbottom, n. 21, the plant in Herb. Kew inscribed
by Boott as C. Lehmanni, Drejer, is, in my opinion, fairly typical C. alpina.

94. C. obscura, Nees in Wight Contrib. 126; spikes (3-7) oblong or
cylindric approximate short-peduncled erect dense, style 3-fid, utricle
oblong narrowed to each end trigonous granular yellow smooth, beak
pyramidal scabrid emarginate, nut nearly filling utricle. Kunth Enum. ii.
915; Strachey Cat. PL. Kumaon, 73; Boott Carex, i. 70, t. 192; Boeck. in
Linnea, xl, 395. C. infuscata, Mees in Wight Contrib. 125 (partly). C.
ematostoma, Herb. Jacquem.

Wesr HIMALAYA, alt. 8-10,500 ft., from Kashmir, C. B. Clarke, to Kumaon,
Strachey & Winterbottom.

Glabrous. Stoloniferous. Stems 1-2 ft., rather slender. eaves often over-
topping stem, è in. broad, flat, weak (the leaf so commonly seen 1-3 in. below the
mfl. in C, alpina never (?) occurs here). Spikes often very close, subsessile, or
lowest sometimes 2 in. distant on a 1 in. peduncle, $ by } in., dark chestnut or black,
terminal Occasionally wholly male; lowest bract usually overtopping infl. Glumes
ovate, triangular-tipped, dark chestnut, often yellow on keel. Utricle jg in. as
long as glume, less than A, in. broad, very obscurely inflated, nerves irregular or
obscure ; beak none, except hollow elongate pyramidal part of utricle. Style-branches
shorter than the utricle.—The plant here described as typical C. obscura is Royle’s,
n. 118 (C. haematostoma, Herb. Jacquem.), which is C. obscura, Munro and Boott,
hut was CO. infuscata of Nees. C. parvibracteata, Nees, referred here by Boott
(Carex, iii, 108), is = C. psycrophila, Nees.

Var. B brachycarpa; utricle much shorter obovoid-ellipsoid narrowed very
suddenly into a short-oblong beak scabrous on shoulders granular. (not shining
yellow) when ripe.—Himalaya, alt. 10-12,000 ft., from Simla, Duthie, to Sikkim,
J. D. H., &c.—This is Boeckeler’s C. obscura.—Utricle usually nerveless or nearly
50. Basal sheaths a shining horny-brown. Spikes often uniform black.

95. C. atrata, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1387; spikes 3-6 large approximate
cylindric dense lowest peduncled nodding, glumes ovate acuminate, style
J-fid, utricle large ovoid or ellipsoid inflated yellow-brown smooth beak-
ess nearly nerveless, nut sessile much smaller than utricle. Schkuhr
Riedgr, i. 59, & ii. 42, t. X. fig. 77: Kunth Enum. ii. 433; Reichb. Jc. FI.
Gern. viii. 16, t. 937; Boott Carex, iii. 114, tt. 362-364; Boeck. in Linnæa,
xl. 398, Co aterrima, Hoppe in Sturm Fl. Deutsch. (xxi. 3] 12; Kunth le.

t

494: Reich. I. c. t. 236. C. caucasica, Stev. in Mem. Soc. Mosc. iv. 68;
Kunth Le 433. `

KASHMIR, alt. 11,000 ft., frequent, C. B. Clarke. Sikx1M, alt. 11-17,000 ft.,
J. D. H., Ktng.— DisTRIB. Cold N. Hemisphere. . . a

Glabrous. Stoloniferous. Stems 1 in. apart on the creeping rhizome, 2 ft.,
medium stout, triquetrous scabrous at top. Leaves often as long as stem, sa MD
broad, Spikes 3-1 by i-i in.; lowest 3-2 in. distant, sometimes compound H lowest
Peduncle 1-2} in., rather slender; lowest bract usually overtopping infl. Glumes
id in., fem. often nearly uniformly black except margin, sometimes with x low
keel, male paler usually with yellow keel. Utriele A by } in., plane-convex, ° ining,
triangular at both ends, slightly granular, finally shining ; mouth small, roume, entire
or with a short slit on one side. Style-branches much shorter than utrie e, 0c du
Slonally the entire protruded part of style is nearly as long as the branc em y uf
ellipsoid or obovoid, trigonous, less than half the length of nut and about half its
breadth.— Much of Boott’s Indian C. atrata is C. nivalis, Boott.

i i shortly

96. C. Duthiei, C. B. Clarke ; spikes approximate, lowest very s 3

peduncled, glumes acuminate linear-tipped, utricle narrow oblong, nut
small stalked nearly filling utricle, otherwise as C. atrata.

732 CLXXI. GYPERACEX. (C. B. Clarke.) [ Carex.

GuRWHAL; alt, 13—14,000 ft., Duthie (n. 4499), SIKKIM; alt. 11-15,000 ft.,
J. D. H.. &c.

May be esteemed a var. of C. atrata, but the utricle is not $ the breadth, so
that the nut though smaller than that of C. atrata, nearly fills it. The lowest
peduncle is usually less than 4 in., the glumes are acuminate to a long linear obtuse
black point exceeding the utricles.

Var. B glacialis; stems 2-6 in., leaves much shorter than stems, spikes very
small (sometimes 4 by 3 in.), utricles small very little inflated. C. atrata, var.
glacialis, Boott Carew, iii. 114, t. 365.—N. Sikkim alt. 15-17,000 ft., J. D. H.

97. C. nivalis, Boolt in Proc. Linn. Soc. i. 256 and in Trans. Linn.
Noc. xx. 136 and Garen, i. 13, t. 35 (partly); terminal spike wholly male or
fem. at top, utricle broad much compressed often of thin texture with
minute beak, nut stalked exceedingly small (otherwise as C. atrata).
Strachey Cat. Pl. Kumaon, 73; Boeck. in Linnaa, xl. 400. C. cinnamomea
& Griffithii, Boott in Proc. Linn. Soc. L c. 257, 286, and in Trans. Linn.
Soc. l.e. 136, 138. C. Oliveri, Boeck. in Flora, lxi. 455, and in Journ.
Linn, Soc. xviii. 104.

HIMALAYA and W. TIBET, alt. 11-17,000 ft., common; from the KABAEOBUM,
Thomson, &c., to SIKKIM, J. D. H.—DisTRIB. Cabul, Central Asia. Ave

Boott states (Carex, i. 13) that he finally doubted whether this was distinct on
C. atrata, and it is certainly not, unless Boott’s sorting is altered. In C. mva
the utricle has concavo-convex very acute margins; its texture is very thin becom ng
often scarious purple or pale. The colour of the glumes varies excessively, being
black-red in the type plant, cinnamomeous in the N.-W. Himalaya, yellow-brown es
Karakorum, becoming pale yellow or green yellow in the extreme form ; the ew e
in all these forms are concolorous (or nearly so) with the glumes. In C. nwa pi
in C. atrata) there occur alpine forms with stems 2-3 in. high. It appear? Ae
Fischer's collections that Ledebour, Turczanimow, &c., must have included this y ur
C. atrata,—C. Griffithii, Boott is founded on Griffith, n. 78, which has, In tha ott
infl. of this number, the terminal spike wholly male, and is so described by b. ard
Subsequently Boott mixed with this (undoubtedly correctly) both in Kew Herb. Ae
in his own Griffith n. 142 (from Cabul also) which has in the five infl. seen Ke C
terminal spike (decisively) fem, at top. This is exactly the plant publisher erent
Oliveri by Boeckeler, who relying on the terminal spike supposed it must be d! Ke gl
from C. Griffithii. From the large quantity seen by me I should say the Gores”
spike was about as frequently female at top as wholly male. In his “Til

Boott reduces his C. cinnamomea to his C. nivalis, but does not refer to his V
Grifithii.

98. C. psychrophila, Nees in Wight Contrib. 197 ; spikes RM
mate cylindric lowest peduncled, style 3-fid, utricles ellipsoid et"
smooth pale green suddenly narrowed into a linear-oblong scabrous Boott
not inflated. Kunth Enum. ii. 463; Strachey Cat. Pl. Kumaon, 73 ^" CO
Carex, i. 70, t. 191 (excl. Royle, n. 1012) Beet, in Linnea, xl. 0% ta,
asperula, Nees l. e 194; Kunth l.c. 433 (not of Turez.). C. parvibrac
Nees l.c. 125; Kunth lc. 433. C. celsa, Boott L o. iii. 108, t. 330.

HIMALAYA ; from Kasur, alt. 8-10,000 ft., C. B. Clarke, to Brno
12,000 ft., J. D. H. ; frequent, ) 3 as long

Glabrous. Rhizome creeping. Stems 1-2 ft., rather slender. Leaves 3 1 spike
as stems, ¢—} in. wide, weak. Spikes 4—4 by 4 in. (in fruit), dense; termina’ | e
nearly always fem. at top, occasionally wholly male; lowest spike often
distant, on a peduncle 3-13 in. Glumes small, ovate, triangular-tipped, i
with or without a yellowish keel. Uzricle small, obscurely nerved, thin; = utricle
nearly filing utricle; exsert part of the 3 style-branches ‘much shorter than,
(beax included), beak about $ utricle, rather deeply 2-fid. —Not nearly allie

alt.

Carez.] CLXXI. CYPERACEX. (C. D. Clarke.) 733

preceding group; perhaps near C. alopecuroides.— Boott has included Royle, n. 112
(the sole foundation of C. obscura, Nees) iu his C. psychrophila. Subsequently
Boott (Carex, iii. 108 in Obs.) reduces C. parvibracteata, Nees (which is C.
psycrophila) to C. obscura, Nees.

Sect. 7. Propers. Terminal spike wholly male. (Iu C. ustulata and C.
alopecuroides frequently, in some others very rarely, there occur terminal spikes
male at base fem, at top.)

* Utricle glabrous (or scabrous on margins) ; beak 0 or very short.

99. C. melanantha, C. A. Meyer ex Ledeb. Fl. Alt. iv. 216 and
Ic. Pl. iv. 8, t. 317; spikes 3-6 approximate subsessile (lowest peduncle
rarely $ in.) dense, glumes black-red triangular-tipped, style 3-fid, utricles
obovoid-ellipsoid nerveless granular usually dark-red upwards, beak hardly
any. Kunth Enum. ii. 432; Boott Carex, iv. 211; Turcz. Fl. Baikal.
Dahur. ii. (pars. 1) 269 a only ; Boeck. in Linnea, xl. 399. C. nigra, var.
B Trevir. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. iv. 288. C.nigra, var. orientalis, Regel Descr.
PL. fasc. viii. 98. C. atrata Boott ms. (partly). C. Moorcroftii, var.
Boott ms. C. nivalis, Boeck. ms. (partly).

KASHMIR; alt. 9-12,000 ft., Thomson, Ze, C. B. Clarke.—DisTRIB. Central
Asia, Cabul.

Stoloniferous. Stems 6-24 in. Leares numerous, often nearly as long as the
stem, 1 in. broad ; lower sheaths very pale brown. Infl. usually 1-2 in., longer than
lowest bract. Spikes 4 by 4 in. Glumes nearly uniform black red or with a
narrow pale keel. Utricle shorter than glume, slightly scabrous on shoulders,
trigonous, slightly winged; exsert part of stigmas rather shorter than utricle.—The
original description of this species states the terminal spike to be male at base fem.
at top, as in the type specimens, but in hardly any others ; the Indian examples have
the terminal spike male, and Turczaninow and Regel say this is so very generally
In the Central Asian plant. Boeckeler and Boissier say that C. nigra mainly differs
by not being stoloniferous; but C. nigra is plentifully stoloniferous. Treviranus
therefore unites C. melanantha with C. nigra; it has the same general aspect, but
C. nigra has a totally different much-compressed utricle. C. parviflora, C. A.
Meyer (Enum. Pl. Cauc. p. 30) which includes C. sabulosa, Turcz. and C. melano-
cephala, 'lurez., is also exceedingly like C. melanantha in general aspect; it is
common in Central Asia, aud very likely to occur in British India, and to have been
overlooked. It differs from C. me/anantha in having the gtricle more acuminated
into a short (but much more definite) linear beak.

100. C. Moorcroftii, Falconer ms. ex Boott in Proc. Linn. Soc. xx.
(1851), 140, and Carex. i. 9, t. 27; spikes larger brighter than in C.
melanantha, glumes black-red or paler, terminal spike often pale, utricle
arger pale upwards, otherwise as C. melanantha Strachey Cat. PI.

umaon, 73; Boeck. in Linnea, xli. 179. C. melanantha, 8 baicalensis,
Turez, Fl. Baikal Dahur. i. 270. C. melanantba, var. Boott ms.

HIMALAYA and TIBET, alt. 12-16,000 ft., from the KARAKORUM to TIBET (N. of
Sikkim), alt. 16-17,000 ft., J. D. H. and Phari, King.—Distris. Central Asia. —

Appears like a fine bright-colrd. form of C. melanantha as the Russian botanists
(and apparently Boott at last) esteemed it The fruiting spikes look very different
as pale-yellow utricles alternate with dark-chestnut glumes ; whereas in C. melan-
antha, the dull black-red tops of utricles are concolorous with glumes. C. Moor-
croftii is sometimes nearly 2 ft. high, with spikes 3 in. in diam.

101. C. supina, Wahl. in Handl. Vet. Acad. Stockh. 158; small,
thizome slender creeping, spikes approximate sessile small, one terminal

734 CLXXII. CYPERACEX. (C. D. Clarke.) [Carez.

slender male, 2-3 subglobose female 4-10-fruited, style 3-fid, utricles rather
large trigono-globose nerveless glabrous not inflated, beak minute linear.
Kunth Enum. ii. 444; Reichh. Ie. Fl. Germ. viii. 25, t. 259; Strachey Cat.
Pl. Kumaon, 73; Duthie in E. T. Atkinson Gaz. x. 618. C. glomerste
Schkuhr Riedgr. i. 79, t. fig 41. C. Schkuhrii, Willd. Sp. Pl. a /
Schkuhr l. en 51, t. Qqq, fig. 158. C. obesa, var. y supina, Boott Carex,
iv. 161, t. 535; Boeck. in Linnæa, xli. 184.

KUMAON, alt. 14-15,000 ft. ; Bugdwar, Strachey & Winterbottom (n. 17) ; Kutti
Yangti Valley, Duthie (n. 6038).—DrsTRIB. Central Asia, Alpine Europe. | ver

Glabrous. Stems 3-6 in. Leaves 3-6 by An in. Terminal spike 3 mb.
slender; fem. spikes} in. in diam. Fem. glumes ovate, triangular-tipped, e scarcely
colrd. Utricle obscurely irregularly nerved at base, suddenly contracted, Tightly
scabrous at top, nearly filled by nut, green-yellow to pale-brown ; M n ike
2-fid.—C. obesa Allioni (Fl. Pedemont. ii. 270) differs by its larger size, lowe n ted
cylindrie peduncle, utricle distinctly nerved on their posticous face, more acum
into a more definite beak.

102. C. ustulata, Wahl. in Handl. Acad. Stockh. 156 ; middle sil
or small spikes 2-5 approximate, terminal male or variously D SECH
lowest nodding on slender peduncle, fem. glumes elliptic-ob ong ee
red, style 3-fid, utricle ellipsoid nerveless glabrous Serge, " i
very short scabrous beak inflated much larger than nut. Kunth TA 7
462; Reichb. Ie. Fl. Germ. viii. 22, t. 250, fig. 615 ; Boott Carex, 1c Na
t. 193, figs. 1,2, and t. 194, fig. 1; Boeck. in Linnea, xli. 260. Fischer
fusca, Schk. Riedgr. i. (1801), 106, t. Y fig. 82. C. coriophora, Wall.
ms. ex Kunth l. c. 463; Strachey Cat. Pl. Kumaon, 73. C. frigida,
ms.—Carex, Wall. Cat. 3389, A.

HIMALAYA and TIBET, alt. 12-17,000 ft.; from the Karakorum, Thomson,
SIKKIM, J. D. H.—DisrRIB. Cold N. Hemisphere. . called C.

Glabrous. Rhizome creeping; scales pale. Stems 4-16 in. (taller ao f 1-3 in.,
coriophora, Fisch.). Leaves usually }-} length of stem ; a node, with a, es 1-2 in.
often occurs 1—4 in. below the infl. Infl. 1—4 in.; lowest spike sometimes distant
distant on peduncle 1-14 in. ; lowest bract much shorter than infl., and w e terminal
usually sheathing. Spikes 4-3 by 1-4 in., short-cylindrie or ovoid, dense at top, oF
spike in the Europ. and sometimes in the Himal. plants male at base fem. $ ale at
(not rarely) wholly fem., or frequently fem. with a few males at le Utricle
both ends fem. in the middle, or fem. at both ends male in the mi he; the nut
about as long as glume, more or less biack-red, compressed, quite flat w ‘hort -
does not ripen, otherwise trigonous with two marginal wings; beak very § sert from
or distinctly emarginate. Nut stalked, small; style-branches shortly ex
utricle.

to

103. C. cruenta, Nees in Wight Contrib. 198; closely allied to G
ustulata but larger in all its parts, spikes 5-12 remote, peduncle o on, 733
usually 3-6 in. Kunth Enum. ii. 463; Strachey Cat. PL Kuma Carex,
Boott Carex, ii. 75, tt. 201, 202, 203; Boeck. in Linnea, xh. 261.—
Wall. Cat. 3389, B.

„H.
HIMALAYA, alt. 8-15,000 ft., common; from Girarr, Giles, to SIKKIM, ^D
— DISTRIB. Central Asia ? zo: lowest
Stems often 2 ft. and more; infi. nearly a foot. Fem. spikes often 1 rimes
peduncle not rarely divided, i.e. with 1-3 spikes; terminal spike (some at Sona-
wholly male in the copious material, except a quantity collected by pipe fem. at
murg (large typical cruenta) where the terminal spikes are all male at of C. ust
top. Fem. glumes often mucronate. Utricle longer narrower than thos but many
lata, less inflated, more or less red-black.—Generally easily recognized,

men

Carez.] CLXXII. CYPERACEX. (C. B. Clarke.) 135

small specimens Boott could not sort between C. cruenta and C. ustulata. These
are very near C. fuliginosa, Schkur, which looks different by reason of its paler
utricles, C. cruenta no doubt extends to Central Asia, but it is not known under
what name the Russian botanists record it.

104. C. maculata, Boott in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 128 and Carez, i.
9, t. 26; stems 8-24 in. slender, spikes 3-10 cylindric dense rigid dark
terminal one male paler, lowest remote, style 3-fid, utricle ovoid-triangular
nervose dark brown glabrous granular beakless gland-dotted to base. Thw.
Enum. 355; Boeck. inLinnea, xl. 191. C. micans, Boott in Mem. Am. Acad.
(N. s.) vi. 419.

Kuasta ; alt. 4000 ft., C. B. Clarke, &c. NinGutrt HILLS; alt. 5000 ft., C. B.
Clarke, &c. CEYLON; alt. 5000 ft., Thwaites. DISTRIB. Korea, Japan, Australia.

Glabrous. Rhizome creeping; stems 1-3 together. Leaves nearly as long as
stem, narrow (hardly more than } in. broad). Fem. spikes nearly 1 in. by 1-1 in.
in diam. ; lowest (sometimes very remote), peduncled (peduncle often 2-4 in.), upper
fem. often clustered erect, male slenderer sessile bright brown; bracts overtopping
the infl, leaf-like, Fem. glumes de in. narrow triangular, sub-3-nerved, pale
brown with a green centre. Ut¢ricles unequally trigonous, 5-8-nerved on each face.
Nut sessile, 1—3 utricle.

.105. C. vicinalis, Boott Carex, iv. 133, t. 428, fig. 2; three upper
Spikes male, fem. 3 distant long-cylindric dense lowest peduncled, style
3-fid or occasionally 2-fid, utricle ovoid beakless glabrous minutely
granular.

Noen Hints; Schmidt, 2.

Apparently 3 ft high. Lowest bract about 1 foot, much overtopping infl., not
sheathing. Male spikes % in., pale bright brown, close together. Fem. spikes 1i by
ss in., erect; lowest peduncle 2 in.; lowest spike 3 in., distant, Fem. glumes
elliptic, obtuse, dark purple with green back. Utricle (unripe) Ae in. long, dusky
grey, obscurely 3—-5-nerved on convex face, triangular at either end ; style-branches
hardly 4 length of utricle.—Boott compares this species with C. caespititia, Nees ;
but the style in C. vicinalis appears generally 3-fid. The only specimen consists of
the top of one stem, as figured by Boott.

** Utricle glabrous, beak long.

106. C. Jackiana, Boott in Proc. Linn. Soc. i. 260 and in Trans.
Linn, Soc. xx. 132 and Carex, i. 9, t. 25; spikes 3-9 distant, uppermost one
male, others cylindric-lanceolate, style 3-fid, utricle rather large ellipsoid-
lanceolate strongly many-nerved glabrous lnrid green gradually narrowed
Into conic beak. ` Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 353. C. instabilis, Boott ms. ex

reck, in Linnea, xli. 246. C. papulosa, Boott in Mem. Am. Acad. vi.

n.s. 418,
Knasra Hints; alt. 3-6000 ft, Grifith (Kew Distrib. 6090), &c.— DISTRIB.

ava, Japan, . L anle as
Glabrous, Stems 2 ft., triquetrous, stoutish, scabrous at top. Leaves nearly as
1 in., lower usually 3—4 in. apart, then

ong a ; lj . Spikes 1 by i :
erect on ste, stout pedoncle, bat rarely a peduncle near base of stem (then of course
long slender) is added ; spikes lax-fld., sometmes 2-3 in. long with lower flowers
T@pote; bracts overtopping infl. Fem. glumes ovate, acute, pale, scarious, a ne M
mucronate. Utricle 4 in., subtrigonous, slightly inflated, very strongly neve ; jen
as long as nut, notched. Nut obovoid, triquetrous, pale.—The Khasian plant agrees
very closely with the Javan. . . .
Var. ? minor; much slenderer, spikes few often few-fld. ovoid, utricle ovoid
lightly nerved suddenly narrowed into a linear beak. C. Jackiana, Tw. Enum.

736 OLXXIL OYPERACEE. (C. B. Clarke.) [ Carez.

356 (excl. var. B); Boeck. in Linnea, xli. 277—Niteuret Hrs; alt. 7000 ft., $
B. Clarke, n. 11,061. CEYLON; alt. 5000 fc., Thwaites (O.P. 3198).—Stems 2- 1
in. very slender. Leaves overtopping stem, A in. broad. Spikes shorter, r nee
sometimes to 2-4 flowers. Uvricle wider than in C. Jackiana type, stretched tig
on the large nut, shining not lurid, obscurely striate, base obconic, beak narrow
minutely scabrid.—This differs a good deal from C. Jackiana, and is regar e . d
Boeckeler (who transposed the name) as specifically different from the "pr
species, Boott subsequently marked the plant as C. Jackiana, but be had of it only
immature examples.

107. C. fusiformis, Nees in Wight Contrib. 128 ; spikes 6-12 loosely
panicled, uppermost one male, lower female iong linear lax interrip e ,
female glumes pale mucronate, style 3-fid, utricle ellipsoid rather i 1
narrowed into oblong-linear beak glabrous slenderly striated. n :
Enum. ii. 471; Strachey Cat. Pl. Kumaon, 73; Boott Carex, 1. 44, t. 111;
Duthie in T. E. Atkinson Gaz. x. 616; Boeck. in Linnea, xli. 248.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA; Mussoorie, Royle, n. 88; Kumaon, alt. 7000 ft.,
Strachey § Winterbottom. Sikkim; Lachen, alt. 10-12,000 ft., J. D. H. “kes often

Glabrous. Stems 1-14 foot. Leaves 12 by } in., flat. Lower fem. sp d lames
3—4 in. apart, peduncled, solitary, 2 in.; bracts about as long as inf. Fem. Wie
ovate, very distant, those near middle of spike aristate. Utricle i-i In, $ no ie
green, inconspicuously 10-nerved; beak as long as utricle, with a few mio es
scabrous points, notched. Nut ellipsoid, filling the utricle, pale; style bra
shortly exsert.—General appearance of C. sylvatica.

108. C. finitima, Booft Carez, i. 44, t. 112; female glumes (from ithe
middle of the female spike), elliptic-obtuse with a very short ae,
point not aristate (otherwise nearly as C. fusiformis). Boeck. im Lamm»

xli. 247.

Beem HIMALAYA, alt. 9-12,000 ft., frequent, J. D. H., C. B. Clarke.
DisrRt5. China. . 1 from

Stems 1-3 ft. Spikes more numerous than in C. fusiformis, often severa ome-
one sheath; terminal not rarely fem. in the middle. ^ Ufricle hardly nerved, $
what suddenly contracted into a long linear beak.

Var. B attenuata; slender, leaves shorter } in. wide, spikes fewer abont 1 tro
utricles rather smaller. —Khasia Hills, Vale of Rocks, alt. 4500 ft., C. B. more
(n. 43,675).—Stems 8-12 in. Leaves much shorter than stems. This appears
different from C. finitima than is C. fusiformis.

109. C. breviscapa, C. B. Clarke; stem very short far outtopped PY
leaves, spikes 8-14 linear greenish uppermost one male, glumes erv
obtuse, style 3-fid, utricle broad lanceolar very angular many" A
glabrous, nut narrow rhomboid truncate at top. C. Jackiana, Roott).
breviculmis, Thw. Enum. 356 ; Trimen Cat. Pl. Ceylon, 104 (nof of

CEYLON ; Ambagowa District, Thwaites (C.P. 3781.) +, tough,

Glabrous, Stems 1-2 in., excl. of infl. 2-5 in. - Leaves 2 ft. by JN spikes;
many-nerved. Infl. narrow ; lower peduncles 1} inch, erect, carrying der Fem.
bracts overtopping. Fem. spikes 1 by A in.; male kA in, very slen Utricles à
glumes much shorter than utricle, elliptic, yellowish with green back. ous, elon-
in., green, passing gradually into conic deeply-notched beak. N ut Ae nitita
gate-rhomboid, truncate at top, closely fitting utricle.—Much more like € 43 on the
than Jackiana ; but the nut is distinctive, and impresses its peculiaritie
utricle.

der, stems

110. C. japonica, Thunb. FI. Japon. 38; stolons long slen e male

medium almost 3-winged, spikes about 5 close together uppermost on

Carex] CLXXIL CYPERACEES. (C. B. Clarke.) 737

(occasionally fem. at base) small, lower fem. cylindric very dense rigid pale,
style 3-fid, utricle ovoid glabrous suddenly contracted into a linear-conic
beak. | Schk. Riedgr. i. 115, t. Ww, fig. 110; Kunth Enum. ii. 517. C.
Japonica, 8 minor, Boott Carex, ii. 88. C. chlorostachys, Don in Trans.
Linn. Soc. xiv. 330 and Prodr.43. C. Doniana, Spreng. Syst. iii. 825 ;
Nees in Wight Contrib. 128; Kunth l.c. 503; Boolt in Perry Exped. Jap.
1t. 327 (Donniana). C. Motoskei, Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. ii. 148.
6; ires tyles Franch, et Kavat, Pl. Japon. ii. 152, 58].—Carex, Wall.
at, .

NEPAL; Wallich. Ser HIMALAYA ; Herb. Grifith (Kew Distrib. n. 6079)
Knasra Hts, alt. 5500-6000 ft., frequent, C. B. Clarke. —DisTRiB. Japan.

. Description of Khasian plant.—Glabrous. Rhizome often 8 in. very slender,
With pale brown scales. Stems 6-15 in., rather stout, very acutely triquetrous.
Leaves often as long as stem, 4-4 in. broad. Fem. spikes 4-1 by 4 in., very short-
peduncled, suberect, green or yellowish, when young almost comose from the brown-
red styles; terminal spike small, almost concealed among the fem, spikes; bracts
far overtopping infl. Fem. glumes ovate-lanceolate, aristate, green with scarious
margins, hardly so long as utricle. Utricles i in, very close-packed, obliquely
ascending, trigonous, 8-nerved, beak narrow, notched, glabrous or most minutely
scabrous. Nut ellipsoid, subacute at. both ends, filling the utricle.—None of the
Khasian specimens match the original C. japonica, described by Thunb. “spicis
ovatis" and figured by Schkuhr (= C. aphanolepis, Franch. et Savat.). The
Indian C. japonica is C. chlorostachys, Don, which is near the following var.

Var. B alopecuroides (sp.) Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. 332 & Prodr. 43; tall,
spikes 2 in. long linear-cylindrie, male spike often as long as female frequently
female at top, utricle ellipsoid passing almost gradually into oblong beak. Nees in
Wight Contrib. 128; Boott Careg, ii. 88, t. 258; Boeck. in Linnea, xli. 172. C.
emodorum, Spreng. Syst. iii. 818; Kunth Enum. ii. 516. C. japonica, Boott Carez,
1i. 88, t. 257 (excl. var. B); Boeck. l.c. 283. C. Doniina, Drejer Symb. 26, t. 13.
Carex, Wall. Cat. 3395 A (partly) B. `

SIKKIM HIMALAYA ; alt. 5-7000 ft., J. D. H. KHaAsiA HILLS; Nunklao, alt.
4-5000 ft., J. D. H., C. B. Clarke. MuNEYPooR: alt. 8500 ft., Watt.—DisTRIB.
Japan.

Out of 31 spikes collected by me at Nunklao 14 have the terminal spike (mostly
plentifully) fem. at top. Stems much less 3-winged than in the Khasia C. japonica.
Both Boott and Boeckeler have reduced this plant to C. japonica, Thunb., but it is
very unlike it in general aspect ; the principal difference I find in the male spike
Which is in C. japonica short occasionally female at base, in var. (?) alopecuroides

ong, frequently fem. at top.

ll. C. diluta, M. Bieb Fl. Taur. Caucas. ii. p. 388; iii. 614;
spikes 3-10 distant, terminal one male, lower fem. cylindric dense rusty
green, glumes shorter than utricle rough-tipped, style 3-fid, utricle ellipsoid
obscurely striate glabrous green narrowed into a short-oblong notched
beak. Kunth Enum. ii. 448; Boott Carex, iv. 139, t. 448 ; Boeck. in
Linnea, xli. 235; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 425. C. punctata, Gaudin Agrost. ii.

l ` " i . 9: Kunth l.c. 448; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ.
(1811), 152 & Fl. Helvet. vi. 106, t. 2; Kunth l.c p Germ.

vui. 29, t, 251; tt Carex, iv. 155, t. 500; Boeck. Le, 271.
Kunze Suppl. 31. &. 6, fig. 2. C. rigidifolia, Seu. Fl. Azor. 21, t. 2,
g. 1.

0-9000 ft., frequent, C. B. Clarke. KUNA-

; . 765
p, Kasma ; Indus Valley, ot 785 Cabul and Central Asia to Lapland and

WUR; alt. 11,000 ft., Munro.— DISTRIB.
e Azores. d . variable (in
Glabrous. Stolons 0. Stems caespitose, 6 in. to3 ft. Leaves very variable (ir
Indian examples) sometimes less than 4 length of stems 4 in. broad, sometimes 20

VOL. vI. 3 B

138 CLXXH. CYPERACEH. (C. B. Clarke.) [ Carex.

by iin.; bracts similarly varying. Lower spikes always distant, peduncle sometimes
hardly exsert from the sheath with erect rigid spike, sometimes much longer with
nodding spike (in Kunawur examples capillary with slender spike) ; 3-5 upper spikes
not rarely fascicled. Male spike $-13 in., pale brown, glumes hardly mucronate.
Fem. spikes commonly 3-1 by 4 in., dense, not rarely slenderer (in Kupawur hardly
è in. wide, much looser). Fem. glumes shorter than utricle, ovate, thin, pale brown,
linear-triangular back green excurrent in a scabrous cusp. Utricle 1 in., trigonous,
irregularly nerved, herbaceous, often **punetate?' with ferruginous dots (often
missing in Europ. and Cent. As. examples); oblong portion of beak about ii
length of utricle, glabrous or slightly minutely scabrous. Mut filling utric "
obovoid-ellipsoid, trigonous.— The identification of C. punctata, Gaudin, with C.
diluta, M. Bieb. is due to Trevirarus (Bull Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1863, i. 541); and is
accepted by Trautvetter, while Regel (Act. Hort. Petrop. vii. 573) and Boissier
admit both species in Asia. The common Indus Valley plant appears to me
identical with the European C. punctata, Gaudin.

112. C. Munroi, Boott ms.; tall slender, leaves narrow, spikes e
lowest very remote on filiform peduncle, topmost male with one utricle at he
base linear lax pale brown, female glumes ovate acute scarcely mucronate,
style 3-fid, utricle ellipsoid trigonous imperfectly nerved thin glabrous,
narrowed into a short oblong-linear beak. C. chinensis, Munro ms.
diluta, var. Boott ms.

KUNAWUR ; alt. 11,500 ft. Munro (n. 2431). n. distant

Glabrous. Stems 3 ft. Leaves 18 by? in., flat. Lowest peduncle 2 in., » Pies
11 in. from the next. Spikes 3-14 by d—i in., drooping, rather lax. Fem. gw in
shorter than utricle, ferruginous brown, green 3-nerved on back. Utriele t a :
subsessile, wall of thin loose texture pale; beak very shortly bifid, smooth.— er The
allied to C. Chinensis, which has erect less distant spikes and hairy utricles. In
texture and character of the utricle is much like that in C. diluta, M. Bieb.
both the examples preserved there is a utricle at base of the terminal male spike.

113. C. ferruginea, Scop. Fl. Carniol. ii. 225; spikes 3-7 distant,
terminal one male, lower fem. cylindric long-peduncled nodding brow
glumes equalling utricle ovate acuminate, style 3-fid, utricle el T
glabrous beak lanceolate longish notched scabrous on edges. ` Beicht, ^) `
Germ. viii. 21, t. 248; Boott Carex, iv. 207; Boeck. in Linnea, X i
C. Mielichhoferi, Schk. Riedgr. ii. 66, t. Mmmm, fig. 198; Kunth Enum. 7
466.

KASRMIR ; Pir Pinjul, alt, 11,000 ft., C. B. Clarke.—Di1sTRIB. Alpine Europe
and (if C. Seopoliana, Willd. be included) Central Asia.

: d
Glabrous, brownish. Stems 1 ft. Leaves nearly as long as stem, I. Weer
flat. Spikesall distant, 2-1 in. ; bracts sheathing. GJumes (male and fem. 5 the

castaneous-red with green backs, often mucronate. Utricle quite glabro feri);
Indian example (as in Scopoli’s description and in Schkubr’s C. Nielic af 4
beak lanceolate-linear triangular, plane, subconcave on posticous face, gei, has
very scabrous on edges.— C. Scopoliana, Schk. Riedgr. ii. 77, t. Nnnn, fig This
utricle hispid somewhat subovoid suddenly narrowed into a small oblong beak.

nd
is united (perhaps rightly) with C. ferruginea, Scop. (not Schk.) by Boott a
oeck.).

t,

114. C. tristis, M. Bieb. Fl. Taur. Cauc. ii. 619; leaves Je

spikes 6-8 cylindrie, uppermost 3 usually male, lower KS, 3-fid,

peduncled suberect, fem. glumes ovate hardly mucronate, sty uddenly

utricle ellipsoid trigonous glabrous fulvous-hispid on angles 5 . €

narrowed into linear shortly-notched beak. Kunth Enum. Li nsa, zli.
sempervirens, Villars, var. y, Boott Carex, iv. 218; Boeck. in Lin

——— HS PPRK

Carex. | CLXXII. CYPERACEX. (C. B. Clarke.) 739

227. O. Schottii, Boiss. Diagn, ser. 2, iv. 123. C. macrogyna, Turez. (not
of Boott, cf. Turcz. Fl. Baical. Dahur. ii. 284). syn l

N. KASHMIR to the KARAKORUM; alt. 13-15,000 ft., C. B. Clarke.— DISTRIB.
Central Asia.

Glabrous. Stolons 0. Stems 1-2 ft., rather slender, trigonous. Leaves rarely
1 the stem, j—4 in. broad. Spikes chestnut-purple, fem. 3 by 4 in.; lowest peduncle
often 3-5 in. distant, exsert 2-4 in. ; bracts not overtopping infl. Fem. glumes
chestnut with scarious edges, shorter than utricle ; keel green-yellow or concolorous.
Utricle A in. (beak excluded), green, prominently 8-nerved ; beak 3 length of nut,
compressed, setose-scabrous on margins. Wut filing utricle, shortly-stalked, style
Scarcely microscopically pubescent.

115. C. flava, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1384; spikes 3-6 approximate (or lowest
Somewhat distant) terminal one male, lower fem. short-cylindric dense, fem.
glumes ovate, style 3-fid, utricle ovoid subinflated ribbed glabrous flaves-
cent suddenly narrowed into oblong linear beak. Schk. Riedgr. i. 72 and
n. 56, t. H. fig. 36; Kunth Enum. ii. 446; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. viii. 30, t.
273; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. iv. 299; Boeck. in Linnza, xli. 272. C. patula, Host
Gram. Austr. i. 48, t. 64. C. CEderi, Willd. in Act. Berol. 44, t. 1, fig. 2
(fide Kunth); Reichb. l.c. 99, t. 272. C. lepidocarpa, Tausch. ms.; Kunze
Suppl. 52, t. 13, fig. 2; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. viii. 29, t. 272.

. KASHMIR ; alt. 6-11,000 ft., Jacquemont, Thomson, &c.—DisTRIB. N. temp.
regions, Tasmania (?).

Glabrous. Stolons 0. Stems caespitose, 13-20 in. Leaves often 3 length of stem,
ZA in. broad. Spikes commonly all approximate, sessile sheath hardly any; or, if
one spike is distant, that is peduncled in a distinct sheath (the rule throughout the
genus). Fem. spikes commonly j-3 by 4 in., sometimes larger; often much
smaller; beaks of ripe fruit stellately spreading or deflexed, rarely obliquely erect.
Fem. glumes ovate, shorter than utricles, pale often yellowish, muticous or rarely
mucronate. Utricles with 8 or 9 thick ribs about half as long as utricle; beak with
an oblique small mouth or shortly notched. Wut not nearly filling utricle, obovoid,
trigonous.—Boott has not touched C. flava & C. Œderi. The Indian examples show
the same range of variation as the European; in size from 13 to 20 in., the spikes
Varying greatly in size, the beaks of the ripe fruit spreading, or deflexed, or rarely
obliquely erect.

116. C. songorica, Karel. et Kiril. in Bull Soc. Mose. iii. 525 ; spikes
3-5 distant erect, uppermost 1 (or 2) male, lower fem. cylindric dense,
fem. glumes ovate cuspidate shorter than utricle, style 3-fid, utricle ovoid
or ellipsoid inflated corky shining red-brown narrowed into short 2-fid beak
sessile subtruncate at base. Boott Carex, iv. 200; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v.
430. C. Gebleri, Prescott ms. ex Boott in Proc. Linn. Soc. 1.261 & in Trans.
Linn. Soc. xx. 141. C. nutans, Boeck. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xviii. 105 &

(var, Microcarpa) in Linnea, xli. 297. .
N. Kasumi; alt. 8-10,000 ft., C. B. Clarke,—DisTRIB. Cabul, Central Asia,

Mandschuria.

Glabrous. Rhizome short, horizontal, woody. Stems 1-2 ft. Leaves often i
stems, 2, in. broad. Male spikes often pale, narrow, sometimes dark brown much
broader (as in C. nutans, Host). Lower spikes usually nearly sessile, sheath short ;
Sometimes peduncle 1j in., sheath $ in. Fem. spikes 1} by 3 in., or smaller. Fem.
glumes pale or brown with green back, margins usually scarious white, Utricle
often more than 2 in., ellipsoid (as long as in C. nutans, Host) but at com aih.
rem ile; f beak deep, spreading curved. Nu ; `

d'V sessile a Wee dark brown. —1f Boeckeler be followed in

šid, pyramidal at both ends, : : i
reating C. songorica as a var. of nutans, Host, all the Indian (and neighbouring)

Material will belong accurately to that zar, >
-

740 OLXXII. CYPERACER. (C. B. Clarke.) [ Carex.

117. C. rostrata, Stokes in With. Brit. Pl. ed. ii. 1059; spikes 3-6
distant erect, uppermost 1 (or 2-3) male, lower fem. cylindric dense, fem.
glumes lanceolate not aristate, style 3-fid, utricle ovoid or ellipsoid muc
inflated thin narrowed suddenly mto short beak, nut very small. C. am-
pullacea, Gooden. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ii. 207 ; Kunth Enum. ii. 494; Reichb.
Jc. Fl. Germ. viii. 31, t. 277 ; Boott Carew, iv. 156, t. 501.

KASHMIR ; Jacquemont, alt. 10-11,000 ft., T'homson, alt. 8-13,000 ft., C. B.
Clarke. Lagmovr; Jaeschke.—DisTnIB. Cool Northern regions. .

Glabrous. Stoloniferous, Stems 2-3 ft., robust. Leaves often $ the stem, 4 in.
broad, scabrous near tip. Male spike 14 by iin. Lowest fem. spike 1-1} by 3 ti
often 3 in. distant, on a peduncle 0-4 in. Fem. glumes purple-chestnty es
narrow pale back (in the Indian examples, often pale in the European). tric ^
(fertile) 4 in. long, ellipsoid, longer than glume, but many of the utricles are ovo
more inflated (with sterile nut) shorter than glume; ribs of utricle 6- dere in
spicuous (till the nut is taken out and the wall of utricle looked through) ; bea uch
sterile utricles about 4 as long as utricles linear-conie, in fertile utricles n or
shorter, shortly 2-fid with erect teeth. Mut (perfect) very small, not $ leng ib
breadth of utricle, obovoid, dark-brown.—This Indian C. rostrata is so referred ^y
Boott, and is conspicuous by the narrow chestnut-purple glumes imperfectly Se
the pale (nearly white) utricles ; the beak of the front is very little split. Mr.
says ‘it is not at all good C. ampullacea.”

118. C. vesicaria, Linn. Sp. PI. 1388 (partly); spikes longer than
in C. rostrata, fem. glumes ovate-lanceolate mucronate or short-aris th
pale, utricle rather larger than in C. rostrata, beak deeply notches Wo
2 conspicuous shining lanceolate rigid teeth (otherwise as C. ros e WI
Kunth Enum. ii. 494; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. viii. 30, t. 276; Boott U'aret,
iv. 162, tt. 536, 537 ; Boeck. in Linnea, xli. 319.

KasuwiR; Margan Pass, alt. 11,500 ft, W. S. Atkinson.—DISTBIB. Cold
temp. N. regions. . 1 Fem.

Male spikes 22 in., and up to 1} in. apart (in the Kashmir examp ees
spikes up to 3 by § in. both glumes and utricles pale stramineous.— tisfactory
collection is copious, though not fully ripe; Mr. Baker says it 1s satis
vesicaria.”

119. C. pseudo-cyperus, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1387 ; spikes 3-7 moderately
near together, terminal one male pale, lower fem. cylindric dense "ll soid-
female glumes linear-oblong aristate pale, style 3-fid, utricle eip two
lanceolate subinflated thin pale smooth strongly ribbed, beak 2-fid Io l.
erect whitened almost prickly tecth. Kunth Enum. ii. 501; Reich Linnea,
Germ. viii. 30, t. 275; Boott Carez, iv. 140, tt. 451, 452; Boeck. in Din
Xl. « D

Kasur ; alt. 6000 ft., Thomson ; Pir Punjal, alt. 11,000 ft., Levinge—D!
Cool N. regions. 1.) in.
Glabrous. Stolons 0. Stems 23 ft. Leares often longer than stem, lsi in.
broad, flat. Spikes 1-3 in. long, lowest 1-3 (rarely 4-6) in. distant. Utne deep y
ultimately divaricate, green or yellowish ; beak about half as long as SC, long,
notched, Nut ovoid, somewhat narrower than utricle, and about half as
rown.

STRIB.

. ct,

120. C. acutiformis, Ehrh. Beitr. iv. 43; spikes 3-7 distant €.

uppermost 3-2 male chestnut-red, fem. cylindrie dense, fem. Sg in-

elliptic-lanceolate not aristate, style 3-fid, utricle ovoid or elip short,

flated thin obliquely ereot fuscous glabrous obscurely nerved, i Tent. ii.
nat very small. Boeck in Linnea, xli. 289. C. spadicea, Rott

Carex. | CLXXIL OYPERACEE. (C. B. Clarke.) 741

461. C. paludosa, Gooden. in Trans. Linn. Soe. ii. 202; Nees in Wight
Contrib. p. 199 ; Anderss. Cyp. Scand. 17; Kunth Enum. ii. 487; Reich,
Ie. Fl. Germ. viii. 28, t. 266; Boott Carex, iv.214. C. Kochiana, DC. Hort.
Monsp. 89; Reichb. 1. c. t. 971.

Kasumir, alt. 7000 ft., Thomson. NEPAL, Royle (n. 130).—Distr1B, Cool
N. temp. regions.

This differs from C. rostrata and C. vesicaria by the thick dark-colrd. male
spikes, the suberect (not divaricate) ripe utricles, the fu-cous lurid grey colour of
utricles with shorter beak.—In Jaeschke’s Lahoul collections is a young Carez with
ll spikes, the lower peduncles carrying 3-4 spikes, style 3-fid, utricle glabrous ;
ìt is too young for determination, and resembles generally C. acuta rather than C.
acutiformis, but the style is 3-fid so that it must be placed here.

121. C. tumida, Boott Carex, i. 66, t. 181; spikes 9-6 suberect,
terminal one male long linear, lower fem. short-peduncled distant long-
tylindric dense, fem. glumes lanceolate short aristate pale, style 3-fid,
utricle ellipsoid fuscous glabrous suddenly narrowed into a conic-linear
shortly-notched beak. Boeck. in Linnea, xli. 243.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 9000 ft., J. D. H., alt. 5000 ft., C. B. Clarke. KBASIA
Hins; Shillong, alt. 6000 ft., C. B. Clarke. . .

Glabrous. Stes 19-18 im. Leares longer than stem, 1-3 in. broad. Terminal
Spike 2 in., very narrow, pale. Lower spikes fem. 2-3 by i in., ripe fruits obliquely
Suberect. Fem. glumes narrow-lanceolate, 3-nerved, “stramineous, shorter than
Utricle, aristate or muticous; bracts much overtopping infl. Utrécle à in., not
inflated, thin, obscurely nerved, lurid slate-colrd.; beak nearly as long as utricle
its lower half conic. Nut obovoid -ellipsoid, trigonous, filling utricle.—T he swelling
ùn the middle of the beak, figured and insisted on by Boott, is taken from a single
(not well-ripe) collection ; in well-ripened fruits the lower half of the beak is conie
the upper narrow oblong; it is hardly possible to describe it as tumid in the
middle.

122, C. olivacea, Boott in Proc. Linn. Soc. i. 286, 4 in Trans. Linn.
Soc, xx, 138, & Carex, i. 56, t. 149; spikes 4~8 suberect, terminal one male,
lower fem. somewhat distant short-peduncled long-cylindric dense, fem.
glumes lanceolate aristate pale, style 3-fid, utricle ovoid inflated fuscous
glabrous finally deflexed suddenly narrowed into a short linear notche
beak. C, confertiflora, Boott in Mem. Am. Acad. N.S. vi. (1859] 418, 4
Carex, iv. 184; Franch. & Savat. Pl. Japon. ii. 151, 578.

SIKKIM ; Terai, J. D. H. Assam, alt. 300-1000 ft., frequent, C. B. Clarke, &c.

ACHAR .—Distris. Java, Japan.

“Taller nA C. tunida, Boctt; leaven in Hookes emah e purple
t ìn. broad, Stolons long. Terminal spike 2-4 by $ in., g puse i
with green keel. Fem. spikes (not quite ripe) up to 7 by + reene

Usually shorter thicker denser. Young utricle ovoid-conic i `
wards, when ripe much inflated; teeth of beak short, linear, finally spreading not

: reni i d f; tricle.— Usually larger
very prominent. Nut ellipsoid or ovoid, much smaller than u s T
than p tumida ; it is easily told from it when young by the much thicker deeply
Colrd. male spike, when ripe by the inflated deflexed utricles.

123. C. lobulirostris, Drejer Symb. Caric. 27, A Ts spikes +6
Approximate large cylindric erect, terminal one male dar d rown, g umes
lanceolate aristate dark brown fem. much smaller, style -fid, u ricle ovoid
Somewhat inflated black red glabrous nervose sudden ly narrowed to
Dear shortly-notched beak. Boott Carex, iv. 190; T w. Enum. 356;
oeck. in Linnea, xli. 244. C. Arnottiana, Boott in F roc. . 3.

742 CLXXI. CYPERACEE. (C. B. Clarke.) [ Carex.

260, & in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 199 (not of Drejer). C. Neesiana, Arnott
ms. (not of Endl.).

CEYLON, Gardner, &c., alt. 6-7000 ft., Thwaites. . .

Glabrous. Stems 2-3 ft., rather stout. Leaves often overtopping stem, i m.
broad. Spikes very close together, subsessile; lowest sometimes 13 in. distant on A
lin. peduncle; bracts very long. Fem. spikes 2 by 4-3 in., rigid. Uiricie DE
spreading, hardly deflexed, longer than glumes, thin but somewhat succulent ; d.
concolorous less than 4 length of utricle. Nut ellipsoid, trigonous, subsessile,
pyramidal at top, shortly apiculate, dark-brown.

194. C. lurida, C. B. Clarke; spikes 4-5 distant cylindric, termine!
2-3 male purple, lower fem. erect peduncled dense, fem. glumes Zb
aristate, style 3-fid, utricle ovoid inflated thin lurid glabrous su d
narrowed into a deeply bifid beak with 2 spreading prominent linear t et
C. rostrata, Boeck. in Linnæa, xli. 317 (the Sikkim plant). C. ampullacea,
var. Boott ms.—Caricis sp. (n. 1067), Grif. Itin. Notes, 194.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA; Lachen, alt. 9-12,000 ft., J. D. H. BHOTAN; Chupcha,
alt. 8000 ft., Griffith (Kew Distrib. n. 6066). -

Male glumes Sege with green keel, triangular tipped. Fem. glumes purple
red on sides, the 3-nerved yellow back excurrent in a rigid scabrous aristi, samples
long as utricle. Utricles in size and shape about equalling those of smal ext teeth
of C. rostrata, but different in colour; beak 2-fid very deeply into on seen
finally stellately divaricate, conspicuous.—Boott observes that he has ne
such fem. glumes as these in C. rostrata.

. t

125. C. fuscifructus, C. B. Clarke; spikes 3-6 suberect one?

distant, terminal one male greenish, lower fem. cylindric d atricles
peduncled, fem. glumes lanceolate acute mucronate pale, style 3-fid,

k ` tl
ovoid fuscous many-nerved glabrous, beak oblong conic very long shorty
2-fid.

Assam; Luckimpore, alt. 300 ft., C. B. Clarke. A

Glabrous, stoloniferons, Stems 15 in., rather stout. Leaves overtopping sy»
scarcely i in. broad. Lowest spike sometimes as much as 3 in. distant on * green
peduncle, usually much closer; bracts 1 ft. Male spike 14 in., glumes vo Y porter
on back, aristate. Fem. spikes 14 by ł—-} in.; glumes 3-nerved, rat " at base,
than utricles, scabrous-pointed. Ufricle nearly 4 in., conically narrow
somewhat inflated ; exserted part of style-branches hardly i utricle.

*** Utricle hairy, or minutely setulose.

126. €. flacca, Schreb. Spicil. FI. Lips. Append. n. 669; spikes
distant long-cylindrie, terminal 3-2 male, fem. glumes ovate ts-scabrous,
3-fid rarely 2-fid, utricle ellipsoid turgid obtuse puberulons- 1,&
beak minute subentire. Host Gram. Austr. i. 06, t. 90; t. ^ t 459 ;
t. Zz, fig. 113. C. glauca, Scop. Carn. ii. 223; Kunth fuum Boeck.
Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. viii. 29, t. 269; Drejer Symb. Caric. 20, t. 95
in Linnea, xli. 187.

SIND, Pinwill,—Temp. N. Hemisphere. . ing rhizome
Glabrous, glaucous. Siolons long, hardening into a creeping brand, ars

15 in. long in a Sind example. Stems 8-18 in. Leaves 3 stem, $ rid in. in

Fem. spikes 1} by 1 in., dense in fruit; male spikes often longer, a -peduncled

examples. Lowest spike short-peduncled, erect, or if very remote ent in.

long-sheathed; bracts usually about as long as infl, Utricle small, a

the Sind plant, obscurely trigonous.

Carex. | CLXXIL OYPERACEE, (C. B. Clarke.) 143

127. C. setigera, Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. 330, & Prodr. 43;
stoloniferous, spikes 4—8 cylindric distant, terminal 1 (or 2-3) male, lowest
fem. peduncled erect, fem. glumes ovate often aristate, style 3-fid, utricles
ovoid hispid suddenly narrowed into small oblong notched beak. Nees in
Wight Contrib. 126; Kunth Enum. ii. 515 (partly); Boeck. in Linnea, xli.
189 (excl, Boott, t. 6, cited). C. hymenolepis, Nees l.c. 126; Kunth Le
505. C. setigera, var. minor, Strachey Cat. Pl. Kumaon, 73 (not Boott).—
Carex, Wall. Cat. 3385.

Himataya, alt. 7-10,000 ft., frequent, from Mussoorie, Jacquemont, to Sikkim,
J. D. H., and Phari, G. King.

Stems 1-2 ft. Leaves

Glabrous. Rhizome long, creeping, ig in. in. diam.
nearly as long as stem, i-i in. broad. Spikes 1}-2 in. long (in the typical C.
hymenolepis, hardly half as much in the var. chroolepis, Dreier), fem. up to 4 in.
broad (but not more than à in. broad in smaller forms referred here) ; lowest fem.
spike often male at top, rather lax, often interrupted at base. Fem. glumes as long
as utricle, with a bristle much overtopping utricle in the standard form (which is
often small or disappears) usually with bright brown sides and scarious margins (but
the colour of male and fem. glumes varies widely). Utricle 35-3, in., brown-green,
very hispid, nerveless, strongly 2-edged, the concave face only obscurely ridged by _
the angle of nut, margined by the incurved edges, Nut ellipsoid, trigonous, nar-
rowed much at base, dark brown; style slender, glabrous, base not dilated; exsert

part of branches about as long as utricle.

.128. C. Schlagintweitiana, Boeck. Cyp. Nov. i. 48; stoloniferous,
spikes 3-6 very small cylindric distant pale, terminal 1 (or 2) male, lowest
fem. peduncled erect, fem. glumes ovate often mucronate, style 3-fid,
utricle very small ovoid hispid suddenly narrowed into small oblong
potched beak. C. setigera, var. 8 minor, Boott Carez, i. 2, t. 6, fig. 1 (not

g. 2).
N.W. HIMALAYA, alt. 6-10,000 ft. ; Kashmir, C. B. Clarke; Nynee Tal, Thomson ;

Simla, Schlagintweit (n. 5039), &e. SIND, Pinwill.—DisTRIB. Yarkand. |
Stolons numerous, long. Stems 4-10 in., slender. Leaves overtopping stem,

s in. broad. Fem. spikes (in fruit) } by ~5-§ in, weak. Utricles hardly d. in.
long.— Otherwise as C. setigera, Don, from which this differs mainly in size.

129. C. inanis, Kunth Enum. ii. 522; spikes 4-12 cylindric approxi-
mate, terminal one male, fem. glumes ovate sometimes mucronate, style
9-fid, utricle small ovoid trigonous hispid suddenly narrowed into a small
notched beak. C. setigera, 8 minor, Bolt Carex, i. 2, t. 6 (mostly, i.e.
fig. 2). C. setigera, y humilis, Nees in Wight Contrib. 126. ` C. setigera,
var. fascicularis, Strachey Cat. Pl. Kumaon, 73. C. setigera, Kunth Enum.
ii. 515 (partly).—Carex sp. (Royle, n. 122), Nees in Wight Contrib. p. 120.

HIMALAYA, alt. 7-10,000 ft. ; from Kashmir, C. B. Clarke, to Sikkim, J. D.H.

Rhizome divided, short, i. e. arises from lateral offsetts not from elongate sto ons.
Stems 2-15 in., slender. Leaves overtopping stem, narrow. Bracts very ong, con-
Spicuously overtopping infi. Spikes (in fruit) $ by à in. dense, grey “ere upper
often fascicled, lowest sometimes a little distant, short-peduncled, occasionally carry.
ing 3-4 spikes, Fem. glumes frequently muticous, the midrib sometimes shortly
excurrent. Utricle much smaller than in C. setigera, Don, more turgid, without
One face concave.—Spikes much denser than those of C. setigera, Don.

ie; spl 3-6 short-cylindric

130. C. kashmirensis, C. B. Clarke; spikes 3-6 8
Approximate, terminal 1-3 male, fem. glumes ovate muticous, style 3-fid,
utricle ellipsoid lanceolate trigonous hispid acuminated into oblong deeply

bifid beak. C. hirtella, Boott ms. (partly).

744 CLXXII. CYPERACEH. (C. B. Clarke.) [ Carex.

Kasumir, alt, 10-15,000 ft., Thomson, frequent, C. B. Clarke. beak t

Resembles generally C. precoz or C. pilulifera, but has an oblong died 2
utricle ending in two scarious lanceolate teeth. Rhizome short, creeping, 1 dat
Stems 8-16 in., slender, Leaves all nearly basal, $ length of stem, & in. broad, i at.
Infl. usually 1-1} in. ; bracts not (or scarcely) overtopping infl, Spikes very e "Y
nearly sessile; lowest fem. occasionally 1-14 in. distant, then shortly pedunc n
Spikes 4-3 in., ferruginous; fem. with 8-20 utricles. Utricle e in. long (me k
smaller than in C. hirtella), greenish, about 8-ribbed. Nut filling utrie e, bout
brown, oblong-ellipsoid ; style microscopically scabrous-pilose, exsert branci es aon,
as long as utricle.—The preceding C. inanis, Kunth, is distinguished from the pre
sp. by its very long bracts.

131. C. hæmatostoma, Nees in Wight Contrib. 125; spikes be 10
linear-cylindric, uppermost 3-1 male, lower fem. somewhat distant sho
peduncled suberect, fem. glumes ovate, style 3-fid, utricle muc à Se
pressed ovoid tip triangular-oblong deeply 2-fid hairy, nut stalked, Bott
hairy. Kunth Enum. ii. 514; Strachey Cat. Pl. Kumaon, 13; tLe
Carex, i. 72, t. 196; Boeck. in Linnea, xli. 302. C. macrogyna, Boott l c.
7, t. 22; Boeck. l.c. 223 (not of Turcz).

HriMALAYA and W. TrBET ; N. Sikkim, alt. 12-17,000 ft., J. D. H., &c. en. at
alt. 10-13,000 ft., Duthie, &c. Kunawur, alt. 7-9000 ft., Royle, &c. Nubra,
15-17,000 ft., T'homson.—DisTRIB. Central Asia. 8-30 in.

Glabrous, except spikes. Rhizome short; no stolons seen. Stems O- es 21
unusually terete. Leaves 4-20 by à in., weak, flat when dry. Spikes somet e le.
by 4 in. (or in some high-level Sikkim examples 4 by } in. few-fld.), chestnu Sc
Fem. glumes shorter than utrácle, mucronate, dark chestnut with or without a Per
green back, in the large Sikkim examples brown-pilose, in Royle’s pian sually
(sometimes quite) glabrous. Utricle j-1 in., with few obscure norvon , api-
browner upwards. Nut oblong-obovoid, trigonous, obtuse, with short oblong
culus,

132. C. hirtella, Drejer Symb. Caric. 21; leaves very narrow eñ
rolled when dry, utricle ellipsoid-lanceolate very long—otherwise 5 p
hematostoma, Nees. Boott Carew, i. 11, t. 31; Boeck. in Linnea, X. 198;
& in Journ. Linn. Soc. xviii. 105. C. tenuis, Nees in Wight Contrib. 1955
Kunth Enum. ii. 516.

KASHMIR, alt. 9-13,0(0 ft., very common. KUNAWUR, Royle. GuRWHAM,
alt. 9-10,000 ft., Duthie (n. 62). mples

The full form has utricles 4—4 in. long and is very marked ; but eastern as very
have smaller utricles, and are hardly distinguishable from, C. hirtella by t without
narrow inrolled leaves. The utricles in both species are triangular at tip Wi style
any definite beak ; the terete stems, the much-stalked nut, and the very DS male,
are eharacteristic of both species. The spikes in C. hirtella are (usually) $ some-
3-2 fem. ; the glistening margins of the glumes are sometimes very prominent,
times not more so than in C. hamatostoma and many sp.

, istant
133. C. cardiolepis, Nees in Wight Contrib. 127; spikes 3-5 d
cylindric, terminal one male, fem. glumes ovate truncate mucrona erh
backed, style 3-fid, utricles obovoid-ellipsoid trigonous scabrous | ;
suddenly narrowed into minute oblong beak. Kunth Enum., ; Journ.
Strachey Cat. Pl. Kumaon, 73; Boeck. in Linnea, xli. 200 $7
Linn. Soc. xviii. 105; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 409.

- - ir—
N.W. HixaLaYaA, alt, 8-11,000 ft., frequent; from Kumaon to Kash
DISTRIB, Cabul.

! often
Glabrous. Stems 6-18 in., cespitose on a tough short rootstock. Ke byt in.
nearly as long as stem, j'; in. broad, flat. Lowest fem. spike in fruit y

Carex. | CLXXIL CYPERACER. (C. B. Clarke.) 745

on peduncle 1} in. ; bract sheathing, its free portion very short (rarely 1 in.). Fem.
glumes rather large, conspicuous by the strongly-ribbed broad green back; male
glumes sometimes similar but often chestnut-red. Utricle 1 in., shorter than glume,
round-trigonous, obscurely nerved; beak hardly notched. Nut obovoid, trigonous,
filling utricle ; style very short, base slightly swollen, branches as long as utricle,

134. C. Halleriana, Asso Syn. 133, t. 9, fig. 2; spikes 3, terminal
one oblong-cylindrie male, fem. 2 close to it short few-fld., fem. glumes
ovate green, style 3-fid, utricle somewhat large ovoid strongly-ribbe |
green minutely glandular-pilose tip triangular shortly notched. Boott
Carex, iv. 198, tt. 415, 416; Boeck. in Linnea, xli. 201. C. alpestris,
Allioni Fl. Pedem. ii. 270; Kunth Enum. ii. 479. C. gynobasis, Vill.
Dauph. ii. 206; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. viii. 25, t. 259. C. diversiflora, Hos!
Gram. Austr. i. 53, t. 70.

SIND, Pinwill.— DisTRIB. Westward to Europe. Also (subspecies) in N.
America,

Glabrous. Stems 6-12 in., ceespitose on a harsh short rhizome, Leaves usually
Many, cften as long as stem, scarcely A, in. broad. Terminal male spike 2 by } in.,
dense, pale brown. Lowest fem. spike rarely 1 in. distant, usually ovoid close to
the upper fem. ; bract very short. (Slender subbasal stems carry often 1 spike
wholly female or male at top; there is no line to be drawn between this state and
the common form of 1 male spike with 2 shorter female spikes at its base.)

135. C. læta, Boott Carex, i. 69, t. 188; slender, spikes 2-3 distant
cylindric, terminal 1 male, fem. glumes broadly obovate chestnut-purple,
style 3-fid, utricle obovoid-ellipsoid trigonous pilose tip short-triangular
beakless. Boeck. in Linnea, xli. 199.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA ; Tungu, alt. 12-13,000 ft., J. D. H.

Glabrous. Stems 4-6 in., cæspitose on a small tough woody rootstock. Leaves
(e? stem, An in. broad, flat. Lowest fem. spike 3 by } in., on peduncle 1} in. ;
bract sheathing, its free extremity very short. Fem. glumes very broad, tip de-
pressed-triangular, keel narrowly green. Utricle scarcely 4i in., terminated by a
small round hole. Nut obovoid, triangular, filling utricle; style short.— Boeckeler
Cites this as “C. pellucida, Hook. f. et T. Thoms., not of Turcz. C. pellucida,

urez., was never published, nor does Boeckeler say what it was: the name was
Sent Boott (by Fischer on an example) who affixed it in ms. to Hooker’s Tungu
Plant. Turczanimow subsequently published his ms. C. pellucida as C. WK irilowu
(bt. Baical-Dahur, ii. (pars. 1) 275]; it is very near indeed to C. leta but has more
acute fem, glumes, and Boott subsequently referred it to C. pediformis, C. A. Mey.

. 136. C. setosa, Boott Carex, iii. 108, tt. 327, 328, 329; spikes 2-5
distant slender cylindrie, terminal one male, fem. glumes elliptic acute or
truncate, style 3-fid, utricle oblong-obovoid trigonous setose narrowed
rather suddenly into a short oblong scarcely-notched beak. Boeck. in

^mza, xli. 303. n
HiMALAYA, alt. 10-12,000ft. Sikkim, J. D. H., &c. GURWHAL, Duthie. Kasn-

MIR, C, B, ce. 0.
Glabrons eie is cæspitose on a woody horizontal rhizome, 8-12 in., medinm in
the Sikkim plant, filiform in the Kashmir. Leaves hardly i stem, D in. broad,
at. Terminal male spike more than 1 in. in the Sikkim plant, iin in the
ashmir, pale. Fem. spikes 2 by 4 in. (in the Sikkim type) dense, on a in. erect
Peduncle ; in the Kashmir plants, fem. spikes 4—} in., delicate, lax, on vom H
Peduncles. Fem. glumes likewise vary from narrow ovate acute i im) to
truncate ip Kashmir. Utricle small, shining brown, with few seattere Jong. uivous
Setze in Hooker's type plant (whence name setosa); in the perfectly npe á ashmir
Plant utricles are green thin with rather copious short pubescence.— The

746 — CLXXIIL. CYPERACEZ. | (C. B. Clarke.) [Carex

examples since Boott (collected by Duthie) are intermediate between the Sikkim and
Kashmir. The Kashmir plant, both in the truncate glumes and utricles, is near
C. cardiolepis, Nees, but the spikes and utricles are much slenderer.

137. C. oligocarya, C. B. Clarke; slender, spikes 4-1 terminal 1
male, fem. spikes peduncled with 4-1 utricles, style 3-fid, utricle obovoid-
ellipsoid pilose suddenly narrowed into a long deeply-notched beak.

N.W. TIBET; Dras to the Karakorum, alt. 12-13,000 ft., C. B. Clarke.

Glabrous except utricles. Rhizome stout, horizontal. Stems 6-10 in. „Leaves
numerous, much shorter than stem, A, in. broad, flat. Spikes ł-3 in., terminal one
male often with a fem. close to its base or may be termed ** androgynous male at top.
Lowest fem. spike 1-2 in. distant, on a 1-13 slender peduncle; bracts shorter than
ifl. Fem. glumes elliptic-lanceolate, hardly mucronate, shorter than fruit. Utricle
(beak included) 4—4 in., trigonous, about 8-ribbed, brown-green ; beak $ length of
body. Utricle ending in two long lanceolate white glabrous teeth. Nut ellipsoid,
trigonous, filling utricle; base of style not dilated, branches long.—The European
and Asiatic few-utriculate species compared have all a much shorter beak than
this,

138, C. breviculmis, Br. Prodr. 242; slender, spikes 2-5 oblong
rather small, terminal one male pale, fem. with 8-14 utricles, fem. glumes
with long bristle much exceeding utricles, style 3-fid base dilated, utricle
small ellipsoid trigonous slightly hairy, tip pyramidal. Kunth Enum. 1.
522; Boott Carex, iv. 181; Boeck. in Linnea, xli. 209. O. Royleana, Nees
in Wight Contrib. 127; Kunth. c. 441; Boott Carex, i. 6, t. 19. C. lence
chlora, Bunge in Petersb. Mem. Sav. Etrang. ii. 142. C. Langsdorfii, Boot

in Trans. Linn. Koc. xx. 144. C. puberula, Boott in Perry Exped. Jap. H.

N.-W. HiwALAYA, alt. 6-10,000 ft., Royle, &c. SIND; Pinwill, KHASIA
Hinus, alt. 4500-6300 ft. C. B. Clarke. Munnyroor; alt. 6000 ft, W A.
kate HirLs; alt. 7000 ft., C. B. Clarke—DisTRIB. Japan, China, Austral,"
ealand, . i

Glabrous, except utricles. Rhizome creeping. Stems ceespitose, 416 o
Leaves often 2 stem, 3 in. broad, flat. Spikes usually approximate, subsess by
lowest fem. sometimes 6 in. distant on 2 in. peduncle; fem. ripe spikes 3

&in. Style at base dilated green, sometimes forming a button as in the nuts 0
Eleocharis,

139. C. nemostachys, Steud. in Flora, xxix. 23 and Cyp. 218; M
bust, stolons long, spikes 3-8 approximate long-cylindric very dens"
terminal one male, style 3-fid, female glumes linear-caudate, utricle p
trigonous somewhat hairy beak long conic-linear. Mig. m Ann. i n
Lugd. Bat. ii. 150, 211; C. excurva, Boott Carex, i. 57, t. 150; Boec Thin
Linnsa, xli. 945, C. Zollingeri, Boeck. Le, 242.— Carex 8p» Grif. i
Notes, 86 (n. 1256). LD

Kuasta and Jaintea Hill . 3- ft.. everywhere very common, «: .
Hooker, &e. Garo Hitis; alt 1200 f, C. E. Clarke. — DisTRIB. China, p

, Glabrous, except utricles. Stolon very long, stout. Stems 3-1 fv. a ns
triquetrous scabrous. Leaves often as long as stem, $ in. broad, flat, mn
scabrous, cutting ; sheaths often fimbriated. Male spike sometimes 4 by

always long ; fem. spikes erect (peduncles hardly } in.) 3 by 4 in., dense, appearing
hispid from the linear beaks Waar in all A e and the long Pong e

style-branches. Fem. glumes from a very short triangular base, linear 28 l

utricles, finally whitening. Utricle (beak included) about $ in—An uM?
plant that cuts severely.

Carex.] CLXXIL OYPERACEX. (C. B. Clarke.) 747

140. ©. Wallichiana, Prescott in Wall. Cat. 3380; glabrous except
utricles, stolons long, leaves (all sub-basal) long, spikes 4-8 distant long-
cylindric dense, 3-1 terminal male, style 3-fid, utricle ovoid-ellipsoid
densely hairy, beak very short divided nearly to base into two lanceolate
prickly teeth. Nees in Wight Contrib. (1834), 129; Kunth Enum. ii. 483;
Strac ey Cat. Pl. Kumaon, 73; Boott Carex, i. 6, t. 18; Boeck. in Linnea,
xli. 310 (partly); Aitch. Cat. Punjab. Pl. 152. C. Fedia, Nees l.c. 129;
Kunth Enum. ii. 483. C. hirta, Boiss. Fl. Orient. v. 431; Boeck. in Journ.
Linn. Soc. xviii. 105 (not of Linn).—Carex, Wall. Cat. 3390.

N. INDIA, generally from Rawul Pindee, Aitchison, to BURMA, Grifith, and
from DELHI CANAL, alt. 800 ft., Edgeworth, to Sikkim, alt. 9000 ft, King.—
Distris. Cabul.

Stems 6-30 in. Leaves often $ stem, i in. broad, sheaths often fimbriate.
Spikes often 1} in.; terminal males pale rather thick, often 3-2, sometimes 6-4,
rarely 1; fem. i in. thick, ashy, lowest often 3-7 in. distant on erect peduncle ;
bracts usually overtopping infl. Fem. g/umes ovate, acute, often mucronate, fuscous,
Shorter than utricles. Utricle (beak included) 1-1 in. long, 8-10-nerved; teeth
of beak ultimately whitening spreading.—United with C. hirta, Linn., both by
Boeckeler and Boissier; to which it is undoubtedly allied. C. hirta differs in the
Sheaths (or the “ligules” at least) hairy, the male spike smaller, the utricles
larger more acuminate into a longer beak.— C. Wallichiana, Boeck., was founded

Partly on Falconer's n. 1164 which is C. ligulata, Nees.

141. C. ligulata, Nees in Wight Contrib. 127 ; stems with nodes and
leaves throughout their length, leaves }-} in. wide, spikes 6-8 cylindric
distant, terminal one male slender, style 3-fid, utricle densely hairy ovoid
acuminate into a short 2-fid beak. Kunth Enum. ii. 516; Strachey Cat.

Kumaon, 73 ; Boott Carex, i. 45, t. 113; Boeck. in Linnæa, xli. 305. C.
breviculmis, Thw, Enum. 356 not Br.) C. Thwaitesii, Hance in Journ.
Bot. v. 235 (cf. Trimen Cat. Pl. Ceylon, 104). C. Wallichiana, Boeck. in
Linnea, xli.” 310 (partly, not of Prescott). C. lachnosperma, var. 8
major, Nees in Wall. Cat. 3379 (partly) (3379 B Wall. Herb. propr.).—

arex, Wall. Oat.. 3394 (second sheet). Ot K 4 "

Kasnurn; Falconer to NEPAL, Wallich, alt. 5-70 t. Kaasa HILLS, alt.
9-6000 ft., Grifith, C. B. Clarke. Nuet Huis: alt. 5-7000 ft., C. B. Clarke.

EYLON ; alt. 4-5000 ft., Thwaites,—DisTR1B. China, Japan.

Sheaths and leaves (partly) minutely hairy. Rootstock woody, short, knotted,
Dot thick. Stems 12-30 in. Lower leaves short; those springing from middle of
stem about as long as infl., flat, striate. Terminal spike $ by Ae in., brown. Fem.
spikes 1} by 3 in., erect on short peduncles, pale or fuscous. Fem. glumes ovate,
acute, mostly mucronate, shorter than utricles. Utricle (beak included) yy in.

142. C. C. A. Meyer in Petersb. Mem. Sav. Etrang. 1.
223, t, e aves du wer bracts very close together scarcely We
road much overtopping infl, fem. spikes slender with distant trie es,
em. glumes whitening (otherwise as C. ligulata, Nees). Kunth Enum. ii.
471; Boeck. in Linnea, xli. 301. C. Wallichiana, C. B. Clarke in Journ.
Linn. Soc. v. 25, 83 partly, not of Prescott). C. lachnosperma, Wall. Cat.
3379, A.

NEPAL; Wallich. EYPOOR ; alt. 5800 ft., C. B. Clarke. `

Beak of utricle rather longer and slenderer than in C. ligulata, Nees.

7 j (obt Contrib. 124 (excl. syn.) ; leaves close
thes hungen, (p) Nore i Za broad. Kunth l.c. 505. C. Kunthii,

together } in. broad, fem. spikes dense 3-} 1
rejer Symb. Caricol. 22. C. gracilis, Boott Carez, i. 59 (partly). C. Maubertiana,
Boott 1, c. 45, t. 114. C. ligulata, Nees, var. minor and angustifolia, Boott ms.

748 CLXXIL . CYPERACEA. (C. B. Clarke.) | Carex.

] "i Y istrib. 6063),

EPAL; Wallich. Kuasta Hits; alt. 4500 ft., Griffith (Kew Distri 3),

J. DE. MUNEYFOOR ; alt. 4000-5000 ft., C. B. Clarke.—DisTRIB. Cochin
China.

Appears exactly intermediate between C. ligulata, Nees and C. hon he A
Meyer; but it grows mixed with the latter in such a way both i This rais
collections and in Muneypoor, that it must not be separated from ite eer?
a presumption that the whole series of plants included under C. ligulata À A ter.
hebecarpa should be regarded as one species. Boott was much puzz ca, lis he
mediate form, and gave it various names; but in reducing it to C. g `
forgot that the style in gracilis is 2-fid.

UNDETERMINED INDIAN CAREX.

1. C. Arrontsogt, Boeck. in Flora, lxii. 456. Kurrum Valley (202
Afghanistan); Aitchison, Allied to C. microlepis, Boeck. & C. punctata, R
Boeckeler. . . ,

2. C. oyLocIstIS, Boeck. Cyp. Nov. I. 47. Tibet; Schlagintweit, n. 8860 (partly)
and (n. 7045). Allied to C. pulla, fide Boeckeler. . . .

N C. geben Boeck. l.c. 45. W. Himalaya; Schlagintwett n. (4175)
Allied to C. alpina, fide Boeckeler. , 0).

4. C. EXIGUA, "Boeck. in Engl. Jahrb. v. 514. Ceylon; Wichura (n. 2690)
Allied to C. acicularis & C. Archeri, fide Boeckeler. ai. intweit

5. C. Se A AER Cyp. Nov. 1. 48 (not of Boott). Spiti; Schlagintwe
n. 6972). Allied to C. magellanica, fide Boeckeler. . jt (n.
6. c) LONGEPEDICELLATA, Boeck. Cyp. Nova, i. Wäi Ladak ; Schlagintweit (
1642). Allied to C. stenophylla, C. incurva, fide Boec eler, ` ad to

7. C. LonaicusPis, Boeck. l.c. 49. Balti; Schlagintweit (n. 6088). Allied
C. fuliginosa, C. frigida, fide Boeckeler. . . : C.

8. C. MACRA Nana. Boeck. l.c. 49. "Tibet; Schlagintweit (n. 7017). Allied to
ustulata, fide Boeckeler. ^. . ly).

9. C. ELA GE EIS, Boeck. l.c. 47. Lahoul; Schlagintweit (n. 2869) (partiy )
Allied to C. pulla, fide Boeckeler. hla-

10. C. MINUTIFLORA, Boeck. l.c. 51. W. Himalaya; alt. 6000-7300 ft., &
gintweit (n. 4919). Allied to C. hebecarpa, C. A. Meyer, fide Boec 3840). Allied

11. C. potyeyna, Boeck. l.c. 40. Kishtwar; Schlagintweit (n. `
to C. leiocarpa, fide Boeckeler. , rn, 8643)

12. C. PSEUDO-BICOLOR, Boeck. l.c. 44. W.Himalaya; Schlagintweit (n
Allied to C. bicolor, fide Boeckeler. , ied to C.
L 13. C. TIBETICA, Boeck. l.c. 46, Spiti; Schlagintweit (n. 6960). Allie

ehmanni, fide Boeckeler, Schla-

14. C. TRISPICULATA, Boeck. l.c. 45. Gurwhal ; alt. 10,000-10,600 fs s
gintweit)n. 10,56). Allied to C. bicolor and C. pseudo-bicolor, fi 12.000 ft. Schla-

15. C. UNCINIIFORMI8, Boeck. l.c. 40. Kumaon; alt. 11,000-12, ,
gintweit (n. 9640). Allied to C. linearis, Boott, fide Boeckeler.

eee n red by
,, LasiorerIs, Boeck. (in Flora, lvi, 90, and in Linnea, xxxviii. 542), reform wit
its author to Cyperacec, is, as pointed out in Gen. Flant. (iii. 1047) P too incom-
Eriocaulon. The description of the only Indian species, L. brevifolia,

n. Te descript answers tO
plete for identification with any previously described Eriocaulon, but
several common ones.

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

The Synonyms and. Species incidentally mentioned ave printed in italics.

. Page
Abildgaardia cinnamo-

metorum, Thw. 650
compressa, Presl 649
cyperoides, Nees 650
Eragrostis, Boeck. . 648
fulvescens, Thw.. . 650
fusca, Nees . . . 649
indica, Nees . 649
levigata, Link 649
monostachya, Vahl . 649
nervosa, Presl . 634
pauciflora, Kunth . 649
Rottboelliana, Nees. 649
tristachya, Vahl . . 649
Sp, Wall. . . 649

Acampe, Lindl. . . 54, 179
cephalotes, Lindl. . 63
congesta, Lindl. . . 63
dentata, Lindl. . 62, 66
excavata, Lindl. . 63
Griffithii, Rchb. f. . 66
intermedia, Rchb. f. 66
P longifolia, Lindl. . 62
P multiflora, Lindl. . 62
Papillosa, Lindl.. . 63
Wightiana, Lindl. . 62
Wightiana, Thw. . 62

Accras angustifolia,

Lind. . . ..

4chasma macrocheilos,
Griff.. . . . .235
megalocheilos, Griff. 236
metriocheilos, Griff.. 234

Aclisia elegans, Hassk. 368
gigantea, Hassk. . . 368
indica, Wt. . . . 368
sorzogonensis, E.

Meyer . 967

Page

P Thomsoni, Clarke . 376
umbellata, Clarke . 368
sp. Hf. & T. . 387, 368
Acorus, Linn. . . . 555
Belangeri, Schott . 555
Calamus, Linn. . . 555
Calamus, Benth. . 556
Casta, Bertol. . 555
gramineus, Soland . 556
Grifithit, Schott. . 555
nilaghirensis, Schott 555
Tatarinovii, Schott. 556
terrestris, Spreng. .
Acriopsis, Reinwdt. . 79
crispa, Griff, . . .
Grifithii, Rchb. f. . 79
indica, Wt. . . . 79

javanica, Heinwdt. . 79

picta, Lindl. .. 79

Ridleyi, Hk. f. . . 79
Actinoschanus filifor-

mis, Benth. . . 650

sp. Benth. 651

? Adenoncos vivens, Bl. 77
Adenostylis emarginata,

TEE . 107
integerrima, Bl. . . 107
ABrides, Lour. 43, 178
affine, Wall. . 44
amplezicaule, Lindl 40

ampullaceum, Roxb. 64
appendiculatum,

Wall... . - +:
Arachnites, Lindl. . 41
Arachnites, Swartz . 28

Ballantinianun,
Rchb. £.. - - Ai
Borassi, Ham. . - 48

Borassi, Smith . . 10
Brookett, Lindl. . . 46
caleeolare, Smith . 60

carnosum, Griff. . . 32
cornutum, Carey . 47
cornutum, Roxb.. . 47
crassifolium, Par. &
Rchb.f. . . . . 46
crispum, Lindl. . . 45

cristatum, Wall.. . 53
cylindricum, Lindl.

44, 196
cylindricum, Hook.. 44
cylindricum, Linn. . 198
dasypogon, Smith . 66
decumbens, Grif. . 48
densiflorum, Wall. . 72
diforme, Wal. . . 76
Emericii, Rchb. f. . 47
expansum, Rchb. f.. 46

faleatum, Lindl. . 46
Fieldingii, Lodd. . 45
flavidum, Lindl.. . 47
. guttatum, Roxb. . . 32
Hystriz, Lindl. . 39, 76
illustre, Rchb. f.. . 45
Larpente, Hort . . 46
lasiopetalum, Willd. 48
latifolium, Thw. . 32
leopardorum, Wall.. 60
lepidum, Rchb. f. . 48
Lindleyanum, Wt. . 45
lineare, Hk.f. . . 47
Lobbii, Hort. . . . 45
longicornu, Hk.f. . 44
maculatum, Smith . 51
maculosum, Lindl.. 45
Mendalii, Jen. . . 48

750

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page Page Page
mitratum, Rchb. f.. 44| malaccense, Schott . 530 consanguineum,
multiflorum, Roxb. . 44 minus, Hk. f.. . 630 Kunth . 940
nobile, Warn. . .*47| nanum, Hk. f. . . 530 Cumaria, Ham. . 937
odoratum, Lour.. . 47| nicobaricum, Hk. f.. 530 ellipticum, Wall. . 342
pachyphyllum, nitidum, Kunth . . 529 exsertum, Baker . . 941

Rchb. f.. . . . 4S| oblongifolium, Fedschenkoanum,
pallidum, Roxb.. . 36 Schott . 528 Regel . . . . 338
premorsum, Willd. . 32| palustre, Teysm. and Govanianum, Wall. 344
racemiferum, Wall.. 68 Binn.. . 528 grandiflorum, Ledeb. 339
radicosum, A. Rich. 46| pictum, Engl.. . 530 Grifithianum, Boiss. 339
ramosum, Wall. . . 72 pumilum, Hk. f. . 530 Hookeri, Thw. . 941
Reichenbachii, Linden 47 | Schottianum, Mig. . 529 humile, Kunth. . 944
retrofractum, Wali.. 46| Scortechinii, Hk. f. 530 | Jacquemontii, Regel 342
retusum, Swartz. . 32 | Albikkia schenoides, > Jacquemontii, Kunth. 339
rigidum, Ham. . . 48 Presl . . . . 67 junceum, Jacq. . 942
rigidum, Smith . 196 | scirpoides, Presl . . 678 leptophyllum, Wall.
Rohanianum,Rehb.f. 47 | Aletris, Linn. . 264 339, 342
roseum, Lodd.. . . 45| hyacinthoides, Linn. 270 | lilacinum, Royle . 339
rostratum, Roxb.. . 36| khasiana, Hk. f.. . 265| longisepalum, Bert.. 339
spicatum, Don . 281 litoralis, Koen. 264. longistamineum,
suaveolens, Roxb. . 34] nepalensis, Hk. f. . 264 Royle . 340
suavissimum, Lindl. 47| perfoliata, Willd. 264 loratum, Baker . 945

macranthum, Baker 345
nivale, Jacq.

teniale, Lindl. . . 31

sikkimensis, Hk. f. . 265
tessellatum, Wt. . . 52 .

zeylanica, Mill.

testaceum, Lindl. . 50 |Alisma, Linn. 559 | obtusifoliwum,Klotzsch
trigonum, Klotzsch. 45| apetalum, Ham. . . 560 & Garcke 339
umbellatum, Walk . 61| calophyllum, Wall.. 560| odorum, Linn . . 343
undulata, Smith . 63| cristatum, Wall. . . 561 oreoprasum,Schrenk 344
Vandarum, Rchb. f. 44| glandulosum, Thw. . 560 | Pallasi, Bunge 339
Veitchii, Hort. . . 45| ? Hamiltonianum, platyspathum,
viridiflorum, Tur. Wall.. . . . . 561 Schrenk . . 340
38, 196 P intermedium, Griff. 559 Porrum, Linn. . - 337
Warneri, Hort. . . 46] Kotschii, Hochst. 560| robustum, Kar & Kir. 345
Wightianum, Lindl 50 obtusifolium, Thw. . 560 Roxburghii, G. Don 343
Williams, Warn. . 45| oligococcum, F. rubellum, M. Bieb. . 339
sp., Griff. . . . . 53 Muell. , . . 560| rubellum, Ledeb. . 339
ZErobrion carinatum parnassifolium, Mich. 560 rubens, Baker 339
Spreng. . . 1, 195 Plantago, Linn. . . 559 sativum, Linn. 337
ZEtheria, Endl. . ... 114 pubescens, Ham. . 561 Schoenoprasum,
fusca, Lindl. . 97, 112] reniforme, Don . . 560 Lim. . . . . + 338
mollis, Lindl. . . 109, sagittifolium, Willd. 560 Schrenki, Regel . 343
Agaveamericana, Linn. 277 | stellatum, Ham. . . 561 Semonovii, Regel 338
cantula, Roxb. . 277 | ALISMACEA . 559 senescens, Miq. 343
vivipara, Linn. . . 277 | ALLIE& . . . . .9301| sibiricum, Linn. . . 338
Aglaodorum | Griffithii Alium, Linn, . . .337 sikkimense, Baker . 341
Schott . . . . 523| Ampeloprasum, splendens, Miq. 341
Aglaonema, Schott . 528 Lian. . . . .937| Stracheyi, Baker . 340
birmanicum, Hk. f. 529 | ascalonicum, Linn. . 337 Sulvia, Ham. . 337
Clarkei, Hk. f. . . 529 atropurpureum, syntamanthum, C.
costatum, N. E. Br. 531 Waldst. & Kit. . 344 Koch. . . 839
P cuscuaria, Miq.. . 543 atrosanguineum, tataricum, Ait. . 943
Griffithii, Schott — . 528 Schrenk . . . 338 tenue, G. Don 339
Helferi, Hk. f. . . 529| auriculatum, Kunth 342| Thomsoni, Baker . 340
Hookerianum, Bakeri, Regel . 941 tuberosum, Roxb. 343
_ Schott . . . . 529| blandum, Wall.. . 339| uliginosum, G. Don 343
integrifolium, Schott 529| ceruleum, Wall.. | 341| victorialis, Linn. . 342
longecuspidatum, Cepa, Linn. 337 violaceum, Wall.. - 341
Schott . . . . 530| Clarkei, Hk. f. 344 | vulcanicum, Boiss. . 339

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 751

Page Page Page

Neesana (Mesuana) gomphocheilos,
Wallichii, Kunth. . 341 Grah.. . . . . 247 Baker. . . . . 236
Allopytheon Hookeri, Nimmonti, Grah. . 244| gramineum, Wall. . 233
Schott . . . . 518] nutans, Rose.. . . 256 graminifolium,Thw, 238

Alocasia, Schott . . 524| petiolata, Baker. . 255| hypoleucum, Thw. . 240
acuminata, Schott . 527 Rafflesiana, Wall. . 255 involucratum,Benth. 233
alba, Schott . . . 528| Rheedii, Wt. . . .254| Kingii, Baker . . 241

amabilis, Hort. . . 527| Rozburghii, Sweet. 255| Koenigii, Baker . . 237
Beccarii, Engl. . . 527 scabra, Benth. . . 256| latifolium, Lamk. . 211
commutata, Schott . 526 | P secunda, Baker . 257| Leonurus, Ken.. . 236

cucullata, Schott . 525 | sessilis, Koen.. . . 219| linguiforme, Benth. 235
decipiens, Schott ` . 526 | viridiflora, Griff.. . 253| littorale, Ken. . . 239

denudata, Engl.. . 525| Wrayi, King . . . 254| macrocheilos, Baker 235
fallax, Schott . . . 527 zingiberina, Hk. f. . 253 macrodus, Scort. . 236
fornicata, Rozb.. . 528| AMARYLLE . . . . 277 macrostephanum,

fornicata, Schott . 526| AMARYLLIDEE . . . 277 Baker. . . . . 243
indica, Schott . . 525 | Amaryllis carnosa, Maingayi, Baker . 235
Jenningsii, Veitch . 523 Ham.. . . . .280| masticatorium, Thw. 238
longiloba, Mig. . . 527| cenosa, Ham. . . . 281| mazimum, Roxb. . 239

macrorrhiza, Schott 526 | insignis, Ker-Gawl.. 283| megalocheilos, Baker 236
montana, Schott. . 525| latifolia, L'Her. . . 283| metriocheilos, Baker 234

navicularis, Koch A lineata, Lamk. . . 284| microstephanum,
Bouché . . . . 527| ornata, Bot. Mag. Baker. . . . . 239
odora, C. Koch . . 526 283, 284 montanum, Koen. . 248
perakensis, Hemsl. . 528| vivipara, Lamk. . . 281| nemorale, Benth. . 233
rapiformis, Schott . 525| zeylanica, Linn. , . 283| pauciflorum, Baker . 238
rugosa, Schott . . 525| Ambrosinia ciliata, pterocarpum, Thw.. 241
Singaporensis, Lind.. 525 Roxb.. . . . . 492} pulchellum, Thw. . 251
Sp. Griff. . . . . 528| retrospiralis, Roxb.. 493| racemosum, Lam. . 251
Aloe perfoliata, Willd. 264| spiralis, Roxb. . . 494| repens, Willd. . . 251
vera, Linn. . 264] wnilocularis, Wt.. . 494| roseum, Roxb. . . 244

zeylanica, Jacq. . . 270 | Amelina Wallichit, rubro-luteum, Baker 236

Alpinia, Linn. . . . 252 Clarke . . . . 383| rufescens, Benth. . 242
alba, Rosc. . . . 253 | Amischotolypaglabrata, scyphiferum, Ken. 237
Allughas, Rosc. . . 253 Hassk. . . . . 384| sericeum, Roxb. . . 239
aquatica, Rosc. . . 256| marginata, Hassk. . 383| spherocephalum,
Asericea, Moon . . 256| mollissima, Hassk. . 383 Baker . e. 234
aurantiaca, Wall. . 255| Amomum, Linn. . 233 spurium, Gmel. . . 247

bracteata, Rozb.. . 255| aculeatum, Bach, . 242| stenoglossum, Baker 234

bracteata, Rosc.. . 254| acuminatum, Thw. . 237| subulatum, Joch, . 210
calcarata, Rosc. . . 254| araneosum, Baker . 234| sylvestre, Poir. . . 247
Cardamomum, Roxb. 251 aromaticum, Rozb. . 241 triorgyale, Baker . 237
carnea, Griff.. . . 253| Benthamianum, uliginosum, Kon. . 241
cernua, Sims . . . 254 Trim.. . . . . 242 vitellinum, Lindl. . 242
conchigera, Griff. . 253 biflorum, Jack . 240 xanthioides, Wall. . 239
costata, Roxb.. . . 235 cannzcarpum, Benth. 240 xanthophlebiam, 2d
aket. o...

cristata, Griff. . . 256 Cardamomum, Linn. 251

a ili , Baker . . 238| Zedoaria, Berg. . . 211
ecurvata, Baker 257| ciliatum SN E ` ` BAT

langa, Sw. . . .253| corynostachyum,
Galanga, Wall | | 253 Al 238| Zrumbeth Ken, . 211
Hamiltoniana, Wall. 217| costatum, Benth. . 235| Zingiber, Linn. . . 246
Involucra'a, Grif. . 256| Curcuma, Jacq. . . 214| sp. Qrif. . ... See
linguiformis, Roxb. . 235| dealbatum, Boch, . 239| Sp. Koen.. . .

25 hinatum, Willd. . 242 | Amorphopballus, Di. 513
250 | eletterioides, Baker 240 bulbifer, BL . . . 515

anii, King . . . 253| Fenzlii, Kurz. . 234] burmanicus, Hk. f. . 517
? Missionis, Wall. , 202| floribundum, Benth. 233 campanulatus, Bl. . 513
mutica, Roxb.. . 264} fulviceps, Thw. . . 237| campanulatus, Bl. . 514

malaccensis, Rosc. .
malaccensis, Wall. . 256

752

Page

Chatty, André .

. 513

chlorospathus, Kurz 516
commutatus, Engl.. 515
dubius, Bl. . . 514
elatus, Hk.f.. . . 517
giganteus, Bl. . . 517
hazematospadix,Z k.f. 517
longistylus, Kurz . 515
lyratus, Engl. . 517
margaritiferus,

Kunth . . 519
oncophyllus, Prain. 516
Prainii, Hk. f. . . 516
purpurascens, Kurz 515
Rex, Prain . . . 514
sparsiflorus, Hk. f. . 516
sylvaticus, Kunth . 518

tuberculiger, Engl..

517

vérosus, N. E. Br. . 513
zeylanicus, Bl. . . 518
Anadendrum, Schott . 539
latifolium, Hk. f. . 540

marginatum, Schott

540

medium, Schoit . . 540

montanum, Schott . 540
Anadrywm humile,

Schott 549

Anéectochilus, Bl. 94,

albolineatus, Par. &

179

Rehb. f. . . 96
brevilabris, Lindl. . 95
crispus, Lindl. 99
Dawsonianus, Low . 102
elatior, Lindl, . . 95
grandiflorus, Lindl.. 100
Griffthii, Hk. f.. . 96
lanceolatus, Lindl. . 101
luteus, Lindl. . 101
regalis, Bl. . . . 95
Reinwardtii, Bl.. 95
Roxburghii, Lindl. . 95
setaceus, Lindl. 95
tetrapterus, Hk f.. 96

Anaphyllum, Schott . 551
Wightii, Schott . . 551
Aneilema, Br. e. 974
zquinoctiale, Kunth 383
canaliculatum, Dalz. 378
compressum, Dalz. . 379
conspicuum, Kunth 382
croceum, Griff. . 380
cymosum, Kunth . 390
debile, Wall. . 979
densiflorum, Kunth . 390
diandrum, Ham.. . 378
didymum, Wall.. . 368
dimorphum, Dalz. . 377
dimorphum, Thw. . 376

Page
divergens, Clarke . 376
diversifolium, Hassk. 379
elatum, Kunth . 977
ensifolium, Wt. . 379
esculentum, Wall. . 377

esculentum, Wall. . 379
filiforme, Ham. . 381
foliosum, Hassk.. . 379
giganteum, Br. . . 379
glaucum, Tw. . 975
gramineum, Br. . 977
Hamiltonianum,

Wall. . . 880

herbaceum, Wall. 377,382
hispidum, Don . 890
Hookeri, Clarke . . 376
Junghuhnianum,Miq. 379
Koenigii, Wall. . 381
lancifolia, Griff. . . 379
lanuginosum, Wall. 380
latifolium, Wt. . 977
lineolatum, Kunth . 376
longifolium, Hook. . 379

longifolium, Wall. . 376
loriforme, Hassk. . 379
Loureirei, Hance . 375
P melanostictum,

Hance . . 877
minutum, Kunth. . 379
montanum, Wt. . . 381
montanum, Thw.. . 376
nanum, Kanth . 977
nudicaule, Kunth . 379
nudiflorum, Br. . . 378

nudiflorum, Miq. 377, 381
nudijflorum, Wall. . 381
nummularium, Mig. 378
ochraceum, Dalz. . 380
ovalifolium, Hk. f. . 382
ovatum, Wall. . 382
paniculatum, Wail. 381

paniculatum, Wt. . 377
paucifiorum, Wt. . 378
pauciflorum, Dalz. . 381
pilosum, Wall. . 380
protensum, Thw.. . 376
protensum, Wall.. . 382
radicans, Don . 378
reniforme, Ham. . . 368

scaberrimum, Kunth 382
scapiflorum, Wt. . 375
scapiflorum, H.f.&T. 376
secundiflorum, Kunth 368

secundum, Wt. . 979
semiteres, Dalz. . . 381
serotinum, Don . 375

. 379
. 375

sinieum, Lindl. .
spectabile, Kurz .

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page
spicatum, Wall. . . 375
spiratum, Br. . 977
terminale, Wt. . . 379
Thomsoni, Clarke . 376
trichocolea, Schauer 379

triquetrum, Wall. . 378
tuberosum, Ham.. . 375
vaginatum, Br. . 381
versicolor, Dalz. 378

zeylanicum, Clarke . 376
sp H. f.& T.. 376, 382
sp. Miq. . 27
sp. Wall. LE 368
Angraecum pugioniforme,
Klotzsch . . > 70
zeylanicum, Lindl. . 78
Anguillaria, Heyneana,

wall... 357
indica, Br.. . . 857
indica, Grah. . 357

ANGUILLARIEE . 2
Anosporum, Nees . - pd

cephalotes, Kurz. -
mpnocephalum, Nees 597
pallidum, Boeck,
Anthericum Adenan-
thera, Forst. ` ap
nepalense, Spreng. - $26

Nimmonii, Grab.» -
niveum, Schult. f. - 336
ornithogaloides, "T
Hochst.. > >» d S
parviflorum, Bent wl
serotinum, Linn. . 334

tuberosum, Heyne.

tuberosum. Roxb. 334,335
iforum, Roxo. >

A obla reniformis Lindl. m

Apaturia montana, Thw. cl
Apetelon minutum, t

Aphylleia erubescen , 558

Champ. - > 16
Aphyllorchis, Bl. e
montana, Ach "ua
pallida, Bl. Et
Prainii, A^. J. f. 117

? vaginata, Hi. ` 564
Aponogeton, Thunb: ` sg,

i b.. >
crispum, Thun o
eohinatum, Road. . 5

monostac

monostachys,

undulatum, Box
Apostasia, Bl. .

gee
Brunonts, j

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 753

VOL. vr.

Page Page: Page
latifolia, Rolfe - 175 | Arenga, Labill. . 421! Leschenaultii, Engl. 507
nuda, Br. . . . 175 Grifüthi, Seem. . . 421) mirabile, Schott . . 500
Wallichii, Br.. . 175| obtusifolia, Mart. . 421, Murrayi, Hk. . . . 507
Appendicula, Bl. . . 82 saccharifera, Labill. 421 neglectum, Schott . 504
bifaria, Lindl. . . 82 Westerhoutii, Griff. . 421 | nepenthoides, Mart. 504
callosa, Bl. . . . 83) Wightii, Griff. . 422; ochraceum, Schott . 507
cordata, Hk. f. . . 83| Arethusa bengalensis, papillosum, Steud. . 504
cristata, Bl. . 85 Hort.. . . . 122| Ppentaphyllum,
cyathifera, Rchb. £. 83 ecristata, Griff. . 122 Schott . . 508
echinocarpa, Hk. f. 85| plicata, Andr. . 119| petiolulatum, Hk. f. 498
graminifolia, Teysm. ARINEX . 490 Prazeri, Hk.f. . . 501
& Binn. . 85 | Ariopsis, Nimmo . 519} propinquum, Schott 501
Koenigii, Hk. f. EI 198| peltata, Nimmo. . 519| pulchrum, N. E. Br. 505
lancifolia, Hk. f. . 84| protanthera,N.E.Br. 519 | ? pumilum, Bl. . . 509
Lewisii, Griff. . . 83| Arisæma, Mart. . 497| Roxburghii, Kunth. 497
longifolia, Bl. . . 85| abbreviatum, Schott 503} Scortechini, Hk. f.. 503
Maingayi, Hk. f.. . 85| affine, Schott . . 505| speciosum, Mart. . 500
reduplicata, Rchb.f. 82} album, N. E. Br.. . 498) Steudelii, Schott . 502
stipulata, Griff, . 88 alienatum, Schott . 505 Stracheyanum,Schott 500
teres, Griff. . . . 85| anomalum, Hemsl. . 498) tortuosum, Schott . 502
torta, Bl. . . 84| caudatum, Engl.. . 508} utile, Hk. f. . 499
xytriophora, Rchb. M. 84 commutatum, Schott 502 verrucosum, Schott 499
Sp. Griff... 85| concinnum, Schott . 505| vituperatum, Schott 506
Arachnanthe, Bl. . 27 consanguineum, Wallichianum, Hk.f. 500
bilinguis, Benth. . 28 Schott . 505 Watt, Hk. f. . 498
Catheartii, Benth. . 28| cornutum, Schott . 506, Wightii, Schott . . 507
Clarkei, Rolfe . . 28 costatum, Mart.. . 501 Wightti, Hook. . 504
Maingayi, Hk. f. . 28| costatum, Wall. . 500| Wrayi, Hemsl. . . 503
moschifera, Bl. . 98 curvatum, Kunth. . 50? sp. Wall. 498, 502, 504,
Arachnis moschifera, Bl, 28 cuspidatum, Engl. . 197 505, 506, 510
Areca, Linn. . . . 405 decipiens, Schott: . 503 | Arisarum amboinense,
augusta, Kurz 414 dolosum, Schott . 500 Rumph. e 510
Catechu, Linn. . . 405| echinatum, Schott . 506 | Aroid. Wall. 495, 518, 519,
concinna, Thw.. . 406| eminens, Schott . 500 520, 521, 522, 523, 524,
costata, Kurz . 409 erubescens, Schott . 506 525, 529, 530, 533, 534,
curvata, Griff. 408, 411 ? erubescens, Dalz. & 536, 537.
Dicksonii. Roxb. 409 Gibs. . e 504| AROIDEX. . 490
disticha, Roxb. 408 exile, Schott . . 506 Arrhynchiumlabrosum,
Faufel, Geertn. 405| filicaudatum, N. E. Lindl. . . . . 28
gracilis, Roxb. . 407 Br. . . . . . 807 | Arthrostylis chinensis, `
hematocarpa, Griff. 410| filiforme, Thw. 504 Benth. . . . 651
hezasticha, Kurz. . 406| fimbriatum, Mast. . 502| filiformis, Thw. . . 650
horrida, Griff. . A15| flavum, Schott 503 | Arum, Zinn.. . 509
hortensis, Lour. . 405 fraternum, Schott . 507 | angulatum, Griff. 512
humilis, Roxb. 408| galeatum, N. E. Br. 502, bulbiferum, Roxb. . 515
malaiana, Grif.. . 410} ? gracile, Kunth. 512| campanulatum,Roxb. 513
Dagensis, Grif. . . 406| Griffithii, Schott. . 499 clavatum, Desf. . 508
Nenga, BI. . 412 helleborifolium, | Colocasia, Linn. . . 523
. 502| costatum, Wall. . 901
Nibung, Mart. . . 414 Schott . . | d .
oryzeformis, Gærtn. 409 ? heptaphyllum, Bl. 508 crenatum, Wt. . Zi
Paradoma, Griff. . . 411 Hookeri, Schott . . 499| cucullatum, Lour. . 525
pumila, Bl. 412 Hookerianum,Schott 499 curvatum, Roxb. . 502
tigilaria, Jack . . 414| Huegelii, Schott . . 504| cuspidatum, BL 512
triandra, Rozb. . . 406| intermedium, Bl. . 500 cuspidatum, Roxb, . 497
triandra, Roxb. ? 407| Jacquemontii, Bl. . 505| divaricatum, Linn. . 510
Wallichiana, Mart.. 416| Jacguemontii, Engler. 507 | divaricatum, ZO ` Zu
Sp. Griff, 407, 410| Kunstleri, Hk. f.. . 497 | echinatum, Wall.. . 50
WÄIT ? 403| Leschenaultii, Bl. . 504 ` erubescens, Wall. ; 506

754

Page |
flagelliforme, Lodd.. 512
flavum, Forsk. . 908
fornicatum, Roxb. . 526
gracile, Roxb. . . 912
grandiflorum, Ham.. 518
Grifithii, Schott . 509
guttatum, Wall. . . 508
indicum, Roxb. . 525
integrifolium, Link. . 529
Jacquemontii, Bl. . 509
lyratum, Roxb. . 517
macrorrhizon, Linn. 526
margaritifer, Roxb.. 519
minutum, Willd.. . 513
montanum, Roxb. . 525
mucronatum, Spr. . 513
Murrayi, Grah. . . 507
nepenthoides, Wall. . 504.
nympheifolium,

Roxb. . . . 9023
occultatum, Ham. . 515
odorum, Roxb. . 526
oricense, Roxb. . 509
ovatum, Linn. . . 495
pedatum, Willd.. . 508
peltatum, Lam. . . 523
pentaphyllum, Linn. 508
peregrinum, Linn. . 526
? pumilum, Lamk. . 509
Rumphii, Gaud. . 914
sessiliflorum, Roxb. . 508
speciosum, Wall.. . 500
spirale, Grah. . . 494
spirale, Retz. . . 494
sylvaticum, Roxb. . 518
taccoides, Ham. . . 515
tortuosum, Wall.. . 509
trilobatum, Bot. Mag. 510
trilobatum, Linn. . 509
trilobatum, Roxb. . 510
venosum, Lindl. . , 508
viviparum, Roxb. . 522
sp. Griff. . . . , 520

Ascolepis kyllingioides,

Steud. . 668

tenutor, Steud. . 663
ASPARAGE® . . 300

Asparagopsis abyssinica,

Kunth . 316
acerosa, Kunth . . 317
adscendens, Kunth . 318
Brownei, Kunth 316,317
Curilla, Kunth . . 318
Decaisnei, Kunth . 316
floribunda, Kunth . 316
Hohenackeri, Kunth 316
javanica, Miq.. . . 317
rbricaulis, Kunth . 318

Page

sarmentosa, Dalz. &
Gibs. . . 917
Asparagus, Linn. . 314
acerosus, Roxb. . . 317
acerosus, Wall. . 316
adscendens, Rozb. . 317
asiaticus, Linn. . . 316
asiaticus, Wt. . . 316
capitatus, Baker. . 315
Curillus, Hain. . 918

Curillus, Wall. . .
315, 316, 318

dubius, Dene. . . 316
dumosus, Baker . . 315
falcatus, Linn. . 918

fasciculatus, Br. 316, 317

filicinus, Ham. . . 314
floribundus, Rottl. . 315
gonoclados, Baker . 318

315
316
317

gracilis, Royle . .
Jacquemontii, Baker
leevissimus, Steud. .
lycopodineus, Wall. . 315
nepalensis, Baker . 316
racemosus, Willd. . 316
Rottleri, Baker . . 315
rubricaulis, Baker . 318
sarmentosus, Linn. 319
sarmentosus, Heyne 316
? sarmentosus, Thw. 318
subulatus, Steud. . 315
volubilis, Ham. . . 316
volubilis, Wall. 317, 318
zeylanicus, Hk. f. . 317
ASPHODELZE . . . 300
Asphodelopsis aranga-

dinensis, Steud. . 335
Asphodelus, Linn. . . 332
estivus, Rchb. . . 332
clavatus, Roxb. . 932
comosus, Baker . . 332
microcarpus, Rchb.. 332
parviflorus, Wt. . . 332
persicus, Jaub. &

Spach... .
tenuifolius, Cavan. .

Aspidistra, Ker. . 326
longifolia, Hk. f. 326
lurida, Baker. 326

ASPIDISTREÆ. 300

Atacca cristata, Kunth 287
integrifolia, Presl . 288
Ate acuminata, Thw. . 133
virens, Lindl.. . 133

Banglium sulphureum,
Ham.. . . . . 217
Banksia speciosa,Kcen. 250

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page
Barnardia indica, Wt. 348
Barrotia diodon, Gand, 484
Baumea, Gaud. . . 674
Brownei, Boeck.. . 675
crassa, Thw. . . . 675
riparia, Boeck.
rubiginosa, Boeck. .
Belamcanda, Adans . 276
chinensis, Leman . 277
punctata, Moench . 277
Belosynapsis kewensis,
Hassk. . . . .988
Bentinckia, Berry. . 418
Coddapanna, Berry 418
nicobarica, Bece. . 418
Birchea teretifolia, A.
Rich. > . " e;
P Bletia bicallosa,
Don e - 196
Dabia, Don o.
Blysmus, Panz. .
sompressus, Panz. . 660
rufus, Link. .
Bonata benghalensis,

Griff. . . > . 135
herbacea, Wall. . n
punduana, Lindl. ne

BORASSEE. + + * ° ei
Borassus, Linn. . dei
ethiopum, Mart. . - r^
dichotomus, White -
flabellifer, Linn. . +
rr. 482

flabelliformts, Mu
Gomutus, Lour. -
osicyos penta-
Botry hyllus, Hochst. - 289
Brachyspathasylvatica, 518
Schott - - * "am
zeylanica, Schott . D
Bromheadia, Lindl. 30
? aporoides, Rchb. f.

Finlaysoniana, 20
tchb. Lu it t $0
alustris, Lindl.. "es
Bru nieravivipara, Fran. 558
Bulbillaria gageoides, 356
Zuce.. + +," *
Bulbophyllum adeno 188
petalum, Lin VH 187
clandestinum, Li” 198
clandestinum, inn. 188
conchiferum, fe b.f. T
concinnum, HJ" "ue
cupreum, indl.» + 188
leptanthum, ke fe + 187
Lobbii, Lindl ; do H
Macr, Robb. 7: We

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 155

Page | Page Page
MeJusæ, Rchb. fe . 187 | axillaris, Becc. . . 456| leptospadix, Grif. . 441
patens, King . . . 187| Brandisii, Becc. . . 448 Lewisianus, Gritf. . 465
rufinum, Rchb. f.. . 188| caesius, Blume . . 456 Lobbianus, Becc.. . 462

Sillemianum, Rchb.f. 189 | calicarpus, Griff.. . 467| longipes, Griff. . . 471
striatellum, Ridl. . 189 castaneus, Grif.. . 440 longisetus, Grif. . 440.

vermiculare, Hi. f.. 188 castaneus, Griff. . . 440 longisetus, Thw. . . 441
Bulbostylis, Kunth . 651 collinus, Griff. 439,472! luridus, Becc.. . . 445
barbata, Kunth . . 651| concinnus, Mart. . 444 macracanthus,T. An-
capillaris, Kunth . 652| conirostris, Becc. . 461 ders. . . . 156
nudipes, Kunth . . 651| delicatulus, Thw. . 446| macrocarpus, Griff. . 439

puberula, Kunth . 652 densiflorus, Bece. . 445 Martianus, Becc. . 459
pulchella, Zw. . . 652 Diepenhorstii, Miq. 454 Mastersianus, Griff.. 449

subspinescens, Clarke 652 diffusus, Becc. . . 447 mazimus, Reinw. . 479
trifida, Kunth . . 652| digitatus, Becc. . . 442 | melanacanthus, Mart. 453
Wallichiana, Kunth 651 Doriaei, Becc. . . 456| melanacanthus, Mart. 454
Willdenowii, Kunth 651 Draco, Griff. . . . 467; melanolepis,H.Wend. 452
BvrowEg . . . 559| erectus, Rogb. . . 438| Metzianus, S.Alecht. 462
Butomopsis, Kunth . 562) exilis, Grif. . . . 454, micracanthus, Grith 467

lanceolata, Kunth . 562 extensus, Rozb. . . 462 micranthus, Blume . 461
P latifolia, Kunth . 562 extensus, Mart. . . 444| mishmiensis, Griff. . 445

Butomus, Linn.. . . 562) fasciculatus, Roxb. . 444| monoicus, Roxb. . . 448
Dobia, Ham. . . . 562 Feanus, Becc.. . . 448} montanus, Anders. . 449
lanceolatus, Roxb. . 562 | Fernandezii, monticolus, Griff. . 466
latifolius, Don. . .562| H. Wendl. . . . 459! multiflorus, Mart. . 445

umbellatus, Linn. . 562| filipendulus, Becc. . 443 | myrianthus, Becc. . 451
flagellum, Grif.. . 439) neglectus, Becc. . . 458

Caladium acre, Br.. . 523 | Flagellum,T.Anders. 463| nicobaricus, Becc. . 446
amboinense, Ham. . 533 | floribundus, Grif. . 444| nitidus, Mart.. . . 449
cucullatum, Pers. . 525; Gamblei, Becc. . . 453 nutantiflorus, Griff. . 463

discretum, Ham.. . 519| geminiflorus, Griff. . 479| ornatus, Blume . . 460
esculentum, Vent. . 523| geniculatus, Griff. . 470| ornatus, Griff. e. 460
glycirrhizum, Fraser 526| giganteus, Bicc.. . 460) ovatus, Reinw. . . 460
heterophyllum, Presl 527 glaucescens, Blume . 456 ovoideus, Thw. . ` 157
macrorrhizon, Br. . 526 gracilis, Boch, . . 453 Oxleyanus, Trys. A

. 442 Binn.. . . 168

montanum, Heyne . 495| gracilis, Thw.

nympheifolium, Vent.523 | | grandis, Griff. . 463 pachystemonus, Th A42

odoratissimum, C. | grandis Kurz . . 463 pallidulus, Bece. . 457
Koch. . . . .526 GQrifithianus, Mart. 440 palustris, Grif. . . 458
odorum, Lindl. . . 526 Guruba, Ham. . . 449 paniculatus, Mart. . 499
? ovatum, Ham. . . 519 Helferianus, Kurz . 446| paradozus, Kurz. . 480
ovatum, Vent. . . 495 Heliotropium, Ham. 447| paspalanthus, Becc.. 450
pumilum, Don . . 522| hostilis, Hort. Calc. 439 ? penicillatus, Roxb 462
viviparum, Lodd. . 522| Huegelianus, Mart. 452 . In de
Calamosagus harine- | humilis, Rord. . . 462 perakensis, Becc. We
folius, Griff. . . 475 ? humilis, Roxb.. . 456 petiolaris, Griff. .

laciniosus, Griff.. . 475 hygrophilus, Griff. . 464 platyspathus, Mar " n
oshriger, Griff, . . 476 hypoleucus, Kurz . 451 ‘polygamus, Roxb 3 462
polystachyus, Griff. . 476 | — Hystrir, Grif. . . 469| polyspathos, Wa

us 450 Pseudo-Rotang, Mart. 444

i i | ders. .
Scaphigerus. Griff. . 475, inermis, T. Ande ` ÉIS Bece. 445

wallichiefolius,Griff. 475| insignis, Griff.

wallichiefolius,Mart. 475 | inter rmedius, Griff. n 464 | quinquenerrius Roxb. 5460

Cal lamus, Linn. . 436 javensis, Bi. 442, 462 radiatus, bo. . Ne

acanthospathus Griff. 448! Jenkinsianus, Griff. | radulosus, Bece.. . Hs

amar&s, Lour. > "Aus 439, 462 ramosissimus, Griff. 0
andamanicus, Kurz. 457 levigatus, Mart.. . 477 Rheedei, Grif. e.

, ` 455| rivalis, Thw. . 441, 462

angustifolius, Griff.. 464 latifolius, Roxb. . a
. . 458 Rotang, Linn. . . 447
arborescens, Griff. . 439 | latifolius, Kurz des Ro ME Mi Gri | 448

aureus, Reinw. . . 460 leptopus, Grif,

756

Page
Royleanus, Griff.. . 447
rudentum, Mart.. . 441
rudentum, Thw. . . 455
rugosus, Bece. . . 443
schizospathus, Griff. 439
scipionum, Lour. . 461
scipionum, Lam.. . 448
simplex, Becc. . 456
singaporensis, Bece. 454
spathulatus, Becc. . 459
strictus, Miq. . . 471
tenuis, Roxb. . . 447
tenuis, Bece. . . 445
Thwaitesii, Bece. . 441
tigrinus, Kurz . 440
tomentosus, Bece. . 455
travancoricus, Bedd. 452
unifarius, H. Wendl. 458
verticillaris, Griff. . 470
viminalis, Willd. . 444
viridispinus, Becc. . 458
Wightii, Griff. . 452
zeylanicus, Becc. . 455
sp. Griff. . 477

Calantheaustralis,Hort.195
colorans, Rchb.f. . 195
grandijlora, Hort.Belg.195

labrosa, Rchb. f. . . 195
longipes, Hk. f. . . 195
Petri, Rchb. f. . 195
rubens, Ridl. . . 195
rubro-oculata, Paxt. 195
tricarinata, Lindl. . 195
veratrifolia, Hook. . 195
vestita, Lindl. . 195
Calcearia fornicata, Bl. 118
picta, BI. . . . .118

Calla angustifolia,Jack 538

aromatica, Roxb. . 532
calyptrata, Roxb. . 539
humilis, Jack . 534
montana, Bl. . . 540
nitida, Jack . . 929
oblongifolia, Roxb. . 529
occulta, Lodd. . 582
orata, Ham. . 941
rubescens, Roxb.. . 532
virosa, Roxb. . . 624
CALLES 491

Callisiaorientalis, Ham. 380
? Caloscordon ezsertum,

Herb. . . . . 341
Calyptrocoryne Wightii,
Schott . . . . 513
Zalyptrostylis florida,
Nees. . . . 670
Camarotisobtusa,Lindl. 36
pallida, Lindl. . . 36

Page
purpurea, Lindl.. . 36
rostrata, Rchb.f. . 36
Campelia glabrata,
Hassk. . . 384
marginata, Bl. . 383
marginata, Wal. . 384
mollissima, Bl. . 983
Campylandra auran-
tiaca, Baker . 925
Watt, Baker . 325

Candarwm Roxburghii,

Schott 513

Canna, Linn. . . . 200
chinensis, Willd.. . 260
flavescens, Link . 201
indica, Linn. . . 260
indica, Linn. . . 260
speciosa, Rosc. . 261

CANNES . . . 200

Cardamonum officinale,

Salisb. . . . . 251
medium, Roxb. . 235
medium, Schult.. . 235

Carex, Linn.. . . . 699

acicularis, Boeck. . 748

acutiformis, Ehrh. . 740
equata, Nees . . 723
Aitchisoni, Boeck. . 748
alopecuroides, Don. 737
alpestris, Allioni. . 745
alpina, Sw. . 730
alpina, Boeck. . . 748
alta, Boott . . 707
amena, Boott . . 719
ampullacea, Good. . 740
angustifolia, Boott . 747
aphanolepis, Fran. &

Sav. . . . . . 737
Archeri, Boeck. . . 748
arctica, Deinb. . 701
Arnottiana, Nees. . 709
Arnottiana, Boott . 741 |
arridens, Clarke . . 726
asperula, Nees . 732
aterrima, Hoppe. . 731
atrata, Linn.. . 731
atrata, Boott . . . 733
atrofusca, Schk. . . 734.
austriaca, Schk. . . 701
acillaris, Linn. . 706
baccans, Nees . 722
baccans, Boott . 723

bengalensis, Boeck. . 716
bengalensis, Boott . 716
bengalensis, Roxb. 715,718
bengalensis, Thw. . 715
Benthamiana, Boott 709

Bertolonii, Schk. . 701

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page
bicolor, Boeck. . 748
breviculmis, Br.. . 746
breviculmis, Thw. . 747

breviscapa, Clarke . 736
Brizopyrum, Kunze. 707
Bruceana, Boott 715, 717

brunnea, Thunb.. . 705
cespititia, Nees . . ne

cespitosa, Schk. . 1
canaliculata, Boott. 715
canescens, Linn. . 706

capillacea, Boott. . 718
capillacea, Benth. . 718
capitulata, Boot& . 721
cardiolepis, Nees . 744
caucasica, Stev. . . 731
celsa, Boott . 732
cernua, Boott . ; . D
ica, Boeck. .
ceylanica, ` 98

chinensis, Munro
chlorostachys, Don. . 737
cinnamomea, Boott . 732

coacta, Boott . . 701
composita, Boott. - 724
concolor, Nees . De

condensata, P
00
condensata, re 716, 717
confertiflora, Boott . 74
continua, Clarke . 717
cooptanda, Clarke . 707
coriophora, Fisch.
courtallensis, Nees -

crassipes, Boeck. - 726
cruciata, Wahl. . br

cruciata, Nees

"uciata, Thw.
erue" os, 719, 721
cruenta, Nees. - - e
Cumingiana, Steud. 721 ,

curaica, Kunth . Wo
curaica, Boiss. 702
curaica, Turcz. 706

curta, Good. . >
curticeps, Clarke - 28
curvata, Boot

curvirostris, Kunze . 722
cylocistis, Boeck. -

cyrtostachys, Brong. p
Daltoni, Boott - : Ae
decora, Boott . ` 701
Deinbolliana, J. Gay 7
desponsa, Boott . > 717
diffusa, Boott . 731
diluta, M. Bieb. . 113
dimorpha, Boeck. "ou

distracta, Clarke
divaricata, Wall. 715,726

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

. Page
diversiflora, Host . 745
divisa, Huds. 701, 702

divisa, Boott . . . 702
divulsa, Good. . . 708
dolicophylla, Link . 722
Doniana, Dreier . 737
Doniana, Spr.. . . 737
duriscula,C.A.Meyer 701
Duthiei, Clarke . . 731
ecostata, Clarke . . 720
elynoides, J.Gay . 712

eminens, Nees . . 728
emodorum, Spr. . . 737
erostrata, Boott . . 711
Esenbeckii, Boott

695, 712

Esenbeckii, Kunth . 696
excurva, Boott . . 746
exigua, Boeck. . . 748
fallas, Steud.. . . 702
Fedia, Nees . . . 747
ferruginea, Scop. . 738
filicina, Nees . . . 717
filicina, Boeck. . . 717

finitima, Boott . . 736
fissilis, Boott 714, 715
flacca, Schr. . . . 742
flava, Linn. . . . 739
flevilis, Don . . . 705

floribunda, Boeck. . 723
fluviatilis, Boott . . 703

fetida, Allioni . . 702
foliosa, D. Don . . 708
fragilis, Boott. . . 728
Jrigida, Boeck. . . 748
frigida, Wall.. . . 734
fucata, Boott . . . 710

fuliginosa, Boeck. . 748
fuliginosa, Schk. . 735
fuscifructus, Clarke 742
fusiformis, Nees. . 736
Gardneri, Boott.. . 722

Gebleri, Presc. . . 739
glauca, Scop. . . . 742
glaucina, Boeck.. . 719
glomerata, Host . . 701

glomerata, Schk.. . 734
gracilenta, Boott . 730
gracilis, Boott . . 747
gracilis, Br. . . . 705
Griffithii, Boott . . 732
gynobasis, Vill. . . 745
hematostoma, Nees 744
hematostoma, Jacq. 731
Halleriana, Asso. . 745
hebecarpa, C. A.Meyer 747
Helferi, Boeck. . 714
Henningsiana, Boeck. 702

Page
heterolepis, Boeck. . 748
heterolepis, Boott . 710
heterolepis, Bunge . 710

hirta, Boiss. . . . 747
hirta, Linn. . . . 747
hirtella, Drejer . . 744
hirtella, Boott . . 743
Hosti, Schk. . . . 701

hymenolepis, Nees . 742,

impunctata, Boecs. . 698
ingqualis, Boott — . 726
inanis, Kunth. . . 748
inclinis, Boott . . 728
incurva, Lightf. . . 700
incurva, Boeck. . . 748

indica, Linn. . . . 714
indica, Boeck. . . 715
indica, Munro . . 715
indica, Nees 716, 720

infuscata, Nees 780, 731
infuscata, Wt. . . 730
insignis, Boott . . 725
instabilis, Boott . . 735
Jackiana, Boott . . 735
Jackiana, Thw. . . 735
japonica, Thunb. . 736
japonica, Boott . . 737
juncifolia, Allioni . 700
juncifolia, Schk.. . 701
kashmirensis, Clarke 743
Kochiana, D. C.. . 741
Kunthii,Drejer . . 747
lachnosperma, Nees. 747
lachnosperma, Wall. 747
læta, Boott . . . . 745
lericaulis, Kunze . 737
Langsdorfii, Boott . 746
Lehmanni, Drejer . 730
Lehmanni, Boeck. . 748
Lehmanni, Boott . 730
leiocarpa, Boeck. . 748
leiorhyncha, C. A.
Meyer . . . . 702
lenta, Don. . . . 705
lenticularis, Don. . 708
lepidocarpa, Tausch. 739
leptocarpus, Clarke. 719
leucantha, Arn. . . 721
leucochlora, Bunge . 746

ligulata, Nees . . 747
Lindleyana, Nees . 721
Lindleyana, H. f.& T. 719
linearis, Boott . . 712
linearis, Boeck. . . 748
linearis, Boott . . 696
lobulirostris, Drejer 741
longepedicellata,

Boeck.. . . . . 748

longiaristata, Boott . 714

longicruris, Nees .

longicuspis, Boeck.

longipes, Don
longipes, Thw.
lurida, Clarke

macrantha, Boeck. .

macrogyna, Boott
macrogyna, Turez.
macrolepis, Don .

. 748

macrophylla, Hochst. 723
macrorrhyncha, Kar.

& Kir. .
maculata, Boott .

. 712

magellanica, Boeck. 748
malaccensis, Clarke 722
Maubertiana, Boott 747
meiogyna, Nees 718,720
melanantha, C. A.

Meyer. . . .

733

melanocephala,Turcz. 733
melanolepis, Boeck. 748
mercarensis, Hochst. 719

micans, Boott

microglochin, Wall. 711

microlepis, Boeck.

Mielichhoferi, Schk. 738

Milnei, Zoott .

minutiflora, Boeck. .

mitis, Boeck. .

Moorcroftii, Falc. .

Moritzii, Steud. .
Motoskei, Miq.
munda, Boott .
munipoorensis,
Clarke
Munroi, Boott .
muricata, Linn..
mutans, Boott
Myosurus, Nees .
Myosurus, Boott .
Myosurus, Duthie
Myosurus, Nees .
nana, Boott
Neesiana, Arn.

nemostachys, Steu!. 746

nepalensis, Clarke
nepalensis, Spr. .

nilagirica, Hochst. .

nivalis, Boott .
nivalis, Boeck.
nobilis, Boott
notha, Kunth.
Notoleia, Nees
nubigena, D. Don
mutans, Boeck.
nutans, Host
obesa, Allioni .

. 705
. 704
718
. 732
. 733
. 724
. 709
. 703
. 702
. 739
. 739
. 734

758

Page
obscura, Nees. . . 731
obscura, Munro &
Boott . . . . 781
obscura, Nees. . . 733
Gderi, Willd.. . . 739
oligocarya, Clarke . 746
olivacea, Boott . . 741
Oliveri, Boeck. . . 732

orbicularis, Boott . 711
ovata, C. A. Meyer . 702

paludosa, Good. . . 741
(P) pandanophylla,
Clarke. . 714
pandata, Boott . . 724
papulosa, Boott . . 735
parva, Nes . . .712
parvibracteata, Nees
731, 732

parviflora, C. A. Mey. 733
parvigluma, Clarke. 716
patula, Host . . . 739
` pediformis,C.A. Mey. 745
peduncularis, Wall.. 729
pellucida, H. f. & T. 745

pellucida, Turez. . 745
perakensis, Clarke . 720
phacota, Spr.. . . 708

phacota, Dreier . . 709
platycarpa, Hochst. 709
plebeia, Clarke . . 718
Potretii, Linn. . . 665
polycephala, Boott . 725
polygyna, Boeck. . 748
prelonga, Clarke . 707
praestans, Clarke . 723
Prescottiana, Boott . 710
Prescottiama, H.

Mann . . . .710
producta, Boott . . 710
pruinosa, Boott . . 709
Pseudo-bicolor,

Boeck.. . . . . 748
Pseudo-cyperus,

Linn. 5. . 740
psycrophila, Nees

731,732
puberula, Boott . . 746
pubescens, Poir. . . 665
pulchra, Boott . . 727
pulla, Boeck.. . . 748
punctata, Gaud.
737, 738, 748
punctata, Neces . 709
Pycnostachya, Kar. &

Kir. . . . . . 702
radicalis, Boott . . 729
ramosa, Boott . 719

ramosa, Schk. 718, 719
raphidocarpa, Nees . 719

Page
rara, Boott . . . 713
recurvirostris, Steud. 722
remota, Linn, . . 706

repanda, Clarke . . 720
rhizomatosa, Steud . 721

rigida, Good. . . . 711
rigida, Strach. . . 711
vigidifolia, Seub. . 737
rivularis, Schk. . . 701
Rochebruni, Franch.

& Sav. . . . . 706
rostrata, Stokes . . 740
rostrata, Boeck. . . 742
Royleana, Nees . . 746
rubella, Boott . . 722
rubro-brunnea, Clarke710
sabulosa, Turez. . . 733

sandwicensis, Boeck. 710
sanguinea, Boott . 720
saxatilis, Schk. . . 711
Schkuhrit, Willd. . 734
Schlagintweitiana,

Boeck. . . . . 748
Schotti, Boiss. . . 739
scitula, Boott. . . 724

scoparia, Wall. . . 728
Scopoliana, Schk. . 738
sempervirens, Vill. . 738

setigera, Don. . . 748
setigera, Kunth . . 743
setosa, Boott . . . 745
sikkimensis, Clarke . 708
socia, Boott . . . 709

songorica, Kar. Ar
Kir. . . . . 739
spadicea, Roth . . 740
speciosa, Kunth . . 729
spicigera, Nees . . 722
spiculata, Boott . . 724

stenophylla, Wahl.
700, 702

stenophylla, Benth. . 702
stenophylla, Boeck. . 748
stipata, Muhl.. . . 708
Stracheyi, Boott. . 727
Stramentitia, Boott. 717

supina, Wahl. . . 733
teinogyna, Boot! . 705
tenuis, Nees . . . 744
teres, Boott . . . 707
teres ? Boott . . . 710

teretiuscula, Good.. 704
Thomsoni, Boott . 703
Thwaitesi, Boott . 715
Thwaitesii, Hance . 747
thyrsiflora, Boott . 721
tibetica, Boeck. . . 748
trichostyles, Fran. &
Sav... . . . 737

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page
trinervis, Nees . . 696
trispiculata, Boeck. . 748
tristis, M. Bieb. . . 738
tumida, Boott. . . 741

unciniiformis, Boeck. 748
uncinoides, Boott . 698
ustulata, Wahl. . . 734
ustulata, Boeck.. . 748
vacua, Boott . 715, 716

Vahlii, Schk. . . . 730
valida, Nees . . . 715
vesicaria, Linn. . . 740
vesiculosa, Boott . 717
vicinalis, Boott . . 735
Victorialis, Nees. . 709
vidua, Boott . . . 718
vulgaris, Fries. . . 711
vulpinaris, Nees. . 702
Walkeri, Arn.. . . 725

Wallichiana, Presc.. 747
Wallichiana, Boeck. 747
Wallichiana, Clarke 747
Wallichiana, Spr. . 708
Wightiana, Nees- . 720
00
Wightiana, 1T, 720

Winterbottomi,

Clarke . . . 727
Zollingeri, Boeck. . 746
sp. Griff. . . 701, 712
sp. Wall. 702, 704, "705,

709, 710, 714, 715, 716,

717,718, 720, 723, 730,

734, 737, 143, 746, A6, T

CARICEJE
Carpha junciform mis,
Boeck. - S
Caryota, Li un 123
furfuracea, ` 28

Griffithii, Becc.
horrida, Moon Cat. 4

mitis, Lovr. . - - 23
mitis, Hb. Calc. 419
mitis, Willd. Po. -’ p
nana, Wall. . - > E
obtusa, Grif. . p
obtusidentata, Griff.. Lo

? ochlandra, Hance . ` 423

ropinqua, Bl.
P obolifera, Wall.. - o8
urens, Linn. . - i 428

urens, J acq.

Casumunar Rowbur ghii, d

Colla . 48
Caulinia alzanensis, 669
Poll. . $04 569
fragilis, will. ` ` 569
indica, Wall. ` ' peo

indica, Willd. .

€—

geän

— DPA

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMs.

Page

Cautleya, Royle . 208

Cathcarti, Baker. . 208
lutea, Royle . . 208
petiolata, Baker . . 209
robusta, Baker . 209
spicata, Baker . 209

Cenvlophon vitellinum,

Horan. . . . . 243
Cephalanthera, Rich.. 124
acuminata, Lindl. . 125
cucullata, Boiss. . 125
ensifolia, Rich. . 125
Royleana, Regel. . 12€

Thomsoni, Rchb. f. . 125
syphophyllum,
Rchb. f.. . . 125
Cephaloschenus articu-
latus, Nees . . 670
longirostris, Nees ? . 669
longisetis, Nees . 669
parvus, Nees . . 668
zeylanicus, Nees. . 670
? Ceratochilus orchideus,
Lindl. . 198
Ceratolobus, Bl. . 477
Kingianus, Becc. . 477
levigatus, Becc: . . 477

Ceratopsis rosea, Lindl. 124
Ceratostylisteres, Rchb.f. 85
Cerochilus rubens, Lindl. 115
Cheradoplectron Spi-
ranthes, Schauer . 163
Chetocyperus costula-

tus, Nees 629
Limnocharis, Nees . 629
Setaceus, Nees 629

Chetosporacalostachya,
roo... . 678
nigricans, Kunth . 673
Chamectadon, Schott . 531
angustifolium, Schott 533
Grifithii, Schott . 534
humile, Miq. . . . 534
obliquatum, Schott . 535

ovatum, Schott . 536
sanguinolentum,

Griff. . . . . 582
truncatum, Schott . 535

Chamorops excelsa,

Thunb. . 136
Fortunei, Hook. . . 436
Grifithii, Lodd. . . 436
khasyana, Griff. . . 436
Martiana, Wall.. . 436
Ritchieana, Griff. . 429

hapelliera glomerata,
Nees. . . . . 675

Page

Cheirostylis, Bí. 104, 179
flabellata, Wt. . 105
Griffithii, Lindl.. . 105

malleifera, Par. §
Rchb. f.
parvifolia, Lindl.
pubescens, Par. 4

Rchb.f.. . . .106
pusilla, Lindl. . . 105
pusilla, Lindl. . . 99

Chiloschista, Lindl. . 33
usneoides, Lindl.. . 37
usneoides, Wt. . . 87

Chlorophytum, Ker. . 333
abyssinicum, Kotschy

& Peyr. . . 936

acaule, Baker . . 936
anthericoideum,Dalz. 334
arundinaceum, Baker333
attenuatum, Baker . 335
breviscapum, Dalz.. 333
breviscapum, Thw. . 338
falcatum, Baker . . 336
glaucum, Dalz. . . 334
Heyneanum, Wall.. 333
Heynei, Baker . . 333
khasianum, 77k. f. . 334
laxijlorum, Baker . 336
laxum, Br.. . . . 336
malabaricum, Baker 335
nepalensis, Baker 334,335
Nimmonii, Dalz. . . 336
orchidastrum, Lindl. 336
parviflorum, Dalz. . 336
tuberosum, Baker . 334

undulatum, Wall. . 335
Chondrachne articu-
lata, Br.. . . . 684

Choricarpa aphylla,
Boeck. . . . . 684
Chrysobaphus Rowxbur-
ghi, Wall, . . . 95
Chrysoglossum macu-
latum, Hk. f. . . 193
Cionisaccus lanceolatus,
Breda... . 111
Cirrhopetalum ble-
pharistes, rhb. f. 190
concinnum, Hook. f. 190
longescapum, Teysm.
Binn. . . . 189
Roxburzhii, Lindl.. 190
Cistella cernua, Bl.. . 18
Claderia, Hook. f. .
Cladium, Br.. . . 673
germanicum, Schrad. 674
glomeratum, Br.. . 675

759

. Page
jamaicense, Crantz . 674
Maingayi, Clarke . 674
Mariscus, Br.. . . 673
riparium, Benth.. . 674
undulatum, Tkw. . 674
Cladosperma, Griff. . 411
Cleisostoma, Bl. 71, 179
acaulis, Lindl. . 62

andamanicum, Hk.f. 71
bicuspidatum, Hk. f. 75
bipunctatum, Hk. f. 73
brevipes, Hk. f. . . 78
callosum, Rchb.f. . 74
crassifolium, Lindl, 72
Dawsonianum,Rchb.f. 43

decipiens, Lindl. . 75
discolor, Lindl. . . 75
fuscum, Lindl. . . 71
galeatum, Thw. . . 71
lanatwm, Lindl. . . 60
latifolium, Lindl. . 71
loratum, Rchó. f.. . 76
maculosum, Lindl. . 71
maculosum, Thw. . 75
Mannii, Rchb. f.. . 74
ramosum, Hk. f.. . 72
spicatum, Lindl.. . 72
Psubaltum, Bl. . . 70
tenerum, Hk. f. . 73

Thwaitesianum, Trim. 75
undulatum, Rchb. f.. 74
uteriferum, Hk. f. . 74
Wend!andorum,
Rchb. tf, TA
Clinogyne, Salisb. .

dichotoma, Salisb. . 258
grandis, Benth, . 258
virgata, Benth. 258
Clintonia, Rafin. 361
361

alpina, Kunth .
udensis, F. & M.. . 361

Cnemidia angulosa,
Lind. . . . . 92
bambusefolia, Thw. 94
* curculigoides, Thw. 94

semilibera, Lindl. . 92
Cobresia lara, Nees 698
CoCcoINEE . . 405
Cocos, Linn. . 482

nana, Griff. 483

nucifera, Linn. . 482

Celoglossum, acumina-
tum, Lindl.. . . 163
brevifolium, Lindl.
157, 166
cernuum, Rchb. f.
densum, Lindl.

* Err. typ. for Cnemidia curculigoides, read Tropidia curculigoides.

760

Page |

lacertiferum, Lindl. . 163
Mannii, Rchb. f.. . 163
peristyloides,Rchb. f. 156
secundum, Lindl. . 160

Celogyne Arthuriana,

Rchb. f.. . . 194
asperata, Lindl.. . 194
barbata, Grif. . 194
eristata, Lindl. . 193
elata, Lindl. . 194

Gardneriana, Lindl. 193
Hookeriana, Lindl.. 194
humilis, Lindl. . 194
lagenaria, Lindl.. . 194
longibractata, Hk. f. 194
Massangeana, Rchb.f. 193
ocellata, Lindl. . 194
pandurata, Lindl. . 194
precox, Lindl. . 194
Reichenbachiana, T.
Moore . . . .194
Rossiana, Rchb. f. . 193
salmonicolor, Rchb.f. 194
Schilleriana, Rchb. f. 194
speciosa, Veitch . . 104
tomentosa, Lindl. . 193
ConcHicEE& . . . .301
Colchicum, Linn. . . 356
luteum, Baker . 956
Colebrookia bulbifera,
'" Roxb.. . . . . 206
Collabium, Bl. . . 178
Colocasia, Linn. . 923
acris, Schott . . 523
affinis, Schott . . 623
Antiquorum, Schott 523
cochleata, Miq. . 925
cucullata, Schott . 525
esculenta, Schott. . 523
euchlora, C. Koch . 523
fallax, Schott . . 524
Fontanesii, Schott . 523
? fornicata, Kunth . 526
gigantea, Hk. f.. . 524
indica, Engl. . . 524
indica, Kunth . 525
macrorrhiza, Schott. 526
Mann, Hk. f. . 524
P montana, Kunth . 525
mucronata, Kunth . 526
navicularis, Koch &
Bouché. . . . 527
nympheifolia, Kunth 523
odora, Brongn. . 526
odorata, Hook. . . 526
pruinipes, Koch . . 523
Ppumila, Kunth . 522
rapiformis, Kunth . 525

Page

rugosa, Kunth . 525
virosa, Kunth. . 524 |
vivipara, Thw. . . &22
Wendlandii, Engl. . 524 |
sp. Hk. f. & T. . . 523|
sp. Wall.. 523, 526, 527 |
CorocasiEE . . . . 491)
Colpopodeum sp. Wall. 299
Commelina, Linn. . . 368
agraria, Kunth . 969
alba, Ham. . . 974
albescens, Hassk. . 373
angustifolia, Hassk.. 973

appendiculata, Clarke 374

attenuata, Kom. .

. 972

aven:zfolia, Grah. . 374
axillaris, Linn. . . 389
benghalensis, Linn.
370, 374
benghalensis, Wall. . 372
bracteolata, Lamk. . 378
ecspitosa, Roxb.. . 369
canescens, Vahl . . 370
clavata, Clarke . 971
coelestis, Willd. . . 369
communis, Linn. . 374
communis, Roxb.. . 372
communis, Wall.

370, 371, 372, 378
communis, Walt.. . 369
conspicua, Bl. . 382
Peristata, Bl. . . . 385
cucullata, Linn. . . 370
cymosa, Bl.. . . 390
deficiens, van Houtte 369
delicatula, Schlecht. 370
densiflora, Bl. . . 390
diandra, Koen. . 979
diffusa, Burm, . . 869
Donii, Dietr. . . 372
elata, Vahl . . . 377
ensifolia, Br.. . . 374
ensifolia, F. Muell. . 373
esculentum, Heyne . 377
falcata, Hassk. . . 371
Forskalewi, Vahl. . 371
gigantea, Vahl . 379
glabra, Clarke . 971
Hamiltonii, Spr.. . 390
Hasskarlii, Clarke . 370
herbacea, Roxb. . . 377
hirsuta, Clarke . 371
hispida, Ham. . 390
Hookerii, Dietr. . . 379
Kurzii, Clarke . 973
lanuginosa, Heyne . 380
linearifolia, Kunth . 369
lineolata, Bl. . . 977

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page
longicaulis, Jacq. . 369
longifolia, Spr. . 979
longifolia, Thw. . . 373
lunata, Heyne . 374
maculata, Edgew. . 372
P minuta, Bl. . . 979

370

llis, Jaeq. .
multicaulis, 373

multicaulis, Hochst.

nana, Roxb. . . 978
nervosa, Burm. ‘ 370
nilagirica, Steud. . 371
Nimmoniana, Grah. 374
nudicaulis, Burm. . 379
nudiflora, Linn.. . 969
nudiflora, Linn. . . 979
obliqua, Ham. .972
paleata, Hassk. . . 372
paludosa, Bl. . . 972
paludosa, Burm. . . 372
pedunculosa, Link . 370
persicarizefolia,
We... + 82
polyspatha, Wt. . + 372
procurrens, Schlecht. 370
prostrata, Regel. » Ho

pumila Royle
radicans, Spr. - . 379
rajmahalensis,Clarke 8

repens, Roxb. . è

rugulosa, Clarke. . 974
salicifolia, Boch, 909
salicifolia, Bojer - e

salicifolia, Thw. .
scaberrima, Bl. > >»

scapiflora, Roxb. - 375
Schimperiana,

Hochst. . . p
secundiflora, Bl.. 37)
semiovata, Ham.. + a7
semiovata, Wall. > Sp
setosa, Wt.. - + * 369
sikkimensis, Clarke . A

Simsoni, Clarke. -
sinica, Roem. & Sch. vk

spirata, Linn. + * 2
viata, Edgew. - > we
striata, Hochst. ang y
striata, Wall.. sch
subaurantiaca, Hoe sre
subulata, Roth. - > en
suffruticosa, Bl. . 375
tuberosa, Lour. ` 370
turbinata, Vahl 373
undulata, Br. d * ' 381
vayinatum, UDP. 74
zeylanica, Falken. - Hh
sp. Edgew. `

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page
sp.iH. f. & T.
373, 374, 387
sp. Miq. . 971
Sp. Wall. . 973
CoMMELINACER. . 966
COMMELINES. . . 966
Compsanthus maculatus,
Spr. . . . . 959
Compsoamaculata, Don 359
Conophallus bulbifer,
Schott 515

commutatus, Schott 515

lyratus, Schott . 517

tuberculiger, Schott. 517
Conostytenm. 264 |
Convallaria | cirr ifolia,

Wall.. 322
Govaniana, Wall. 319
leptophylla, Don 321
multiflora, Linn.. . 319
oppositifolia, Wall. . 321 |
punctata, Wall. 821 |
verticillata, Linn. . 321
Sp. Griff. 321

CoNvArLARIEE . 300
Cordylestylis foliosa,

alc . . 111
Cordylino; Commers . 331

Jacquininii, Kunth . 331

teberi, Kunth . 331
terminalis, Kunth , 331
terniflora, Planch. ; 330

Cory cium ?humile, Ham. 107

Orymbis, Thou. . 91
brevistylis, Hk.f. . 92
disticha, Lindl. 91
longiflora, Hk. f.. . 92
rhytidocarpa, Hk. f. 92
c eratrite lia, Bl. . 91
Corymborchi s assamica,
Bl. . . 91
Corypha, / Linn. 428
elata, Rozb. 428
Gebanga, Kurz 428
Macropoda, Kurz . 429
artiana, Becc. 429
Saribus, Lour. . . 485
Talliera, Roch, . 428
umbraculifera, Linn.
428, 429
CORYPHE® . 404
orysanthes, Br. . 118
fornicata, Lindl. . 118
picta, Lindl. . 118
ostus, Linn. . 249
arabicus, Jacq. . 250
arabicus, Linn. . 258
globosus, Bi. . 250

761

. Page Page
Kingii, Baker . 250| Wattii, Baker. . . 281
malaccenis, Keen. . 255| zeylanicum, Linn.
nipalensis, Rose. . 250 283, 284
speciosus, Smith. . 249| sp. Wall. . 281

Cottonia, Wt. 26, 178 Crocus, Linn. . 276
Championi, Lind]. 26 | sativus, Linn.. . . 276
macrostachya, Wt.. 26| | Cryptocoryne, Fisch. . 492
peduncularis, Rchb.f. 26| affinis, N. E. Br.. . 494

Courtoisia, Nees . 625| Beckettii, Thw. . . 493
cyperoides, Nees . 625) ciliata, Fisch.. . 492

Cremastra, Lindl. 16,178| cognata, Schott . . 494
Wallichiana, Lindl. 16| consobrina, Schott . 493

Crinum, Linn. . . 280| cordata, Griff. . 493
amcnum, Rozb. . . 282| Dalzellii, Schott. . 495
asiaticum, Linn. . 280 drymorhiza, Zipp. . 492
asiaticwm, Roxb.. . 281 elata, Griff. . . 492
asiaticum, Wall. 283, 284 elliptica, N. E. Br. . 495
brachynema, Herb. Gomezii, Schott . . 495

282,284| Griffithii, Schctt . . 493
bracteatum,Bot.Reg. 284 Huegelii, Schott. . 494
bracteatum, Willd. . 284, Keniati, Schott. . 496
canaliculatum,Carey 284| lancifolia, Schott . 496
canalifolium, Herb.. 284| ovata, Schott . . 495
canalifolium, Carey. 283| retrospiralis, Kunth 493
Careyanwm, Herb. . 283 Roxburghii, Schott . 494
deflexum, Ker. . 281| Roxburghii, Dalz. &
elegans, Carey . 238 Gibs. . . 494
ensifolium, Roxb. . 281 spiralis, Fisch. . 494
erythrophyllum, spiralis, Thw. . 492

Carey. . . 284| Thwaitesii, Schott . 495
Herbertianum, Schult. 284 unilocularis, Schott. 493
Herbertianum, Wall. 283] umilocularis, Wt. . 494
humile, Herd. . . 282| Walkeri, Schott . . 492
insigne, Schultes . 283| Wightii, Schott . . 493
latifolium, Linn. . 283| sp. Grif. . . . 493
latifolium, Lind]. . 283 | Cryptosperma, Grif. . 550
Linnei,Roem. . . 283, lasioides, Griff. . 551
longifolium, Roxb. . 282 | Cryptostylis, Br. . 117
lorifolium, Roxb. . 283 Arachnites, Bl. . 118
macrocarpum, Carey 284 | Curculigo, Gertn.. . 278
moluccanum, Roxb.. 283| brevifolia, Dryand. . 279
ornatum, Herb. . . 283, crassifolia, Hk. f. . 279
pauciflorum, Miq. . 285 | Finlaysoniana, Wall. 279
pedunculatum, Br.. 284) gracilis, Wall. . . 278
pratense, Herb. . . 282, graminif lia, Nimmo 278
procerum, Carey . . 281, latifolia, Dryand. . 280
pusillum, Herb. . . 282. malabarica, Wt. . . 279
Roxburghii, Grah. . 281; orchioides, Gartn. . 279
speciocissimum,Herb.283 ? pauciflora, Moon . 279
speciosum, Herb.. . 283, recurvata, Dryand. . 278
stenophyllum, Baker 281 | sumatrana, Roxb. . 280
Stracheyi, Baker . 282 | villosa, Wall. . 278, 280
strictum, Herb. . . 284 | Curcuma, Linn.. . 209

'"sumatranum, Roxb.. 284| swruginosa, Rozb. . 212
tozicarium, Roxb. . 280 albiflora, Tw. . 215
umbellatum, Carey. 284) Amada, Hoch, . 213
venustum, Carey. . 283 | amarissima, Rosc. . 212
Wallichianum,Roem.283, angustifolia, Koch, 210

162

Page |

angustifolia, Dalz. & |
Gibs.. . . . . 210

aromatica, Salisb. . 210 |
attenuata, Wall. . 213,
cesia, Roxb. . . . 212!
Careyana, Wall.. . 225
caulina, Grah. . 224
coccinea, Wall. . 216
comosa, Rozbd. . 211
cordata, Wall.. . 216
cordifolia, Roxb.. . 216
decipiens, Dalz. . . 215
elata, Rozb. . 211
erubescens, Wall.. . 213
ferruginea, Roxb. . 213
glaucophylla, Wal.. 224
grandiflora, Wall. . 216
Kunstleri, Baker. . 214
Kurzii, King . . 216
latifolia, Rosc. . 211
leucorhiza, Rozb. . 212
longa, Linn. . 214
longa, Wall. . 210
longiflora, Salisb. . 213
longifolia, Wall. . . 246
montana, Rosc. . .214
musacea, Wall. . 225

neilgherrensis, Wt.. 210

officinalis, Salisb. . 211
oligantha, Trim.. . 215
ornata, Wall. . . 211
parviflora, Wall. . 215
petiolata, Roxb. . . 216
plicata, Wall.. . 213
seudo-montana,

Grah. . . 214
reclinata, Rozb. . . 214
Roscoeana, Wall. . 216
rotunda, Linn. . 220
rubescens, Roxb.. . 213
rubricaulis, Link. . 913
speciosa, Link. . . 211
strobilifera, Wall. . 216
strobilina, Wall. . . 216
Zedoaria, Rosc. . . 210
Zedoaria, Roxb. . . 210

Zerumbet, Roxb. . . 210
Cuscuaria maranti folia,

Schott . 543
Rumphii, Schott. . 543
spuria, Schott . 543

Cyanotis, Don . 384
adscendens, Dalz. . 386

arachnoidea, Clarke 386
axillaris, Roem. & Sch. 388
barbata, Don . . 985
Burmanniana, Wt. . 385
concanensis, Hassk. . 386 |

Page
cristata, Schultes f. . 385
cristata, Linn. . 385
cucullata, Kunth. . 389
decumbens, Wt. . 387
dichotricha, Stocks . 387
disrumpens, Hassk.
388, 389
eriantha, Hassk. . . 388
fasciculata, Schultes f. 387
fasciculata, Wall. 385, 386

glaberrima, Hassk. . 385
hirtella, Miq. . . 985
hispida, Dalz.. . 985
Hugelii, Hassk. . . 385
incerta, Hassk. . . 389
karliana, Hassk. . . 389
kewensis, Clarke . 388
lanceolata, Wt. . 987
Lawiana, Wt. . 987
longifolia, Wt. . 386
nilagirica, Hassk. . 389
nobilis, Hassk. . 985
nodiflora, Clarke . 385
papilionacea,

Schultes f. . 384
pilosa, Schultes f. . 387
pilosa, Wt.. . . . 886
racemosa, Clarke . 385
rosea, Wt. . . . . 388
sarmentosa, Wt. . . 386
P sericea, Hassk, . . 386
Stocksii, Hassk. . . 386
Thomsonii, Hassk. . 386
Thwaitesii, Hassk. . 388
tuberosa, Schultes f. 386
vaga, Schultes f.. . 387
vaginata, Wt. . . 385
villosa, Schultes f. . 387
vivipara, Dalz. . 388
Wightii, Clarke . . 386
zeylanica, Hassk. . 387
sp. H. f. & T. 386, 387
sp. Wall. . 985

Cybele, Falc. . 129
alpina, Falc. . . 129
Cyclocampe waigiouen-
sis, Steud. . 673
Cyclocarpa waigicuen-
sis, Miq.. . . . 673
Cylindrochilus pulchel-
lus, Thw. e.
Cylindropus juncifor-

mis, Nees . . . 692
Oymbidium, Swartz . 8
P affine, Griff... . . 15
affine, Warn.. . . 15
Alagnata, Ham. . . 52
alatum, Roxb. . . 19

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page
aloefolium, Heyne . 78
aloifolium, Swartz . 10
aloifolium, Lodd. 10
aloifolium, Wall. 11
aloifolium, Wt. . ll
assamicum, Linden . 14
bicolor, Lindl. 11
carnosum, Grif.. . 14
chloranthum, Lindl. 14
cochleare, Lindl. . 15
crassifolium, Wall. . 10
cyperifolium, Wall. 13
Dayanum, Reichb. f. 12
densiflorum, Griff. 14
Devonianum, Past. 10
eburneum, Lindl. 11
elegans, Heyne 44
elegans, Lindl. 14
ensifolium, Swartz . 13
? erectum, Wt. .- il
erythreum, Lindl. 13
Finlaysonianuni,
Lindl. 1
Gibsoni, Paxt. - M
giganteum, Wall.

giganteum, Lindl. 12,

grandiflorum, Griff. e
hoematodes, Lindl. 1
Hookerianum, i
Reichb.f. . + - S
inconspicuwm, Wall. s
iridioides, Don 9
javanicum, Bl. a
lancifolium, Hook. . Se
lineare, Heyne 13
longifolium, Don 13
Lowianum, Rchb. f.. 9
macrorhizon, Lindl. 10
Mannit, Rchb. f.. 15
Mastersii, Griff. . 15
micromeron, Lindl. - 37
minimifolium, Thw. 1
Parishii, Rchb. f. "
pendulum, Bot. Reg. 10
pendulum, Swartz - 194
procom, Smith ` "et
premorsum, Swartz 1
pubescens, Lindl. . 33
Satyrium, Ham. - 18
scriptum, Swartz 9
sikkimense, Hk. f. u
sinense, Lindl. - 12
syringodorum, Griff. .
tenuifolium, Willd. dal
tenuifolium, Lindl. - 22
tenuifolium, Wt... * 52
tessellatum, Swartz ` e

tesselloides, Roxb. -

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

0l Page
ligrinum, Par. . 9
tricolor, Miq.. . . 11
triste, Rogb. . . . 22
iriste, Willd. .
triste, Wt. . . . , 24
variciferum, Rchb. f. 14
veridiflorum, Griff. . 13
Wallichii, Lindl.. . 11
sp. Griff. 6, 12, 14, 192

Cymodocea, Kanig . 570

equorea, Kunth. . 570
australis, Trim. . . 570
Ciliata, Khrenb. . . 570
iscetifolia, Asch.. . 570
serrulata, Asch. 4

Page
Bacha, Ham. . . . 610
bengalensis, Clarke . 610
bengalensis, C. Spr. . 612
bicarinatus, Heyne . 592
biglumis, Clarke. . 622
bromoides, Willd. . 598
brunnescens, Boeck. 619
bulboso-stoloniferus,
Steud. . . . . 615

bulbosus, Vahl . . 611,

canescens, Heyne . 598
canescens, Vahl . . 623
capillaris, Hoch. . 589
capillaris, Koen. . . 591
caricinus, Don . . 718
carnosus, Heyne. . 610

castaneus, Willd. . 598

castaneus, Hance
Cephalotes, Vahl
chilensis, Boeck. .

. 699
. 597
. 619

Magn. . 570
Cyperacea, Griff. . 590
Wall. . 681
CYPERACEX . 585
CyPEREE . . . . . 686
Cyperorchis, Bl. 14, 178

cochleare, Benth. . 15
elegans, Bl. . . . 14
Mastersii, Benth. . 15
? Wallichii, Bl. . . 13

Cyperus, Linn. . . . 597

acerosus, Roxb. . . 617
acuminatus, Roxb, . 596
albidus, Heyne . 615
alopecuroides,Boeck. 617
alopecuroides, Heyne 595
alopecuroides, Rottb. 595
alopecuroides, Roxb, 617
amabilis, Vahl . . 598
amoyensis, Hance . 610

ndersonianus, Boeck.621
angulatus, Nees . . 593
angulatus, Strach. . 590
angustifolius, Ham. . 590
aphyllus, Boeck.. . 590
arenarius, Retz.. . 602
arenarius, Hance . 615
arenarius, Heyne . 601
arenarius, Prain . 603
arenarius, Wt. . . 606
aristatus, Rottb.. . 606
articulatus, Linn. . 611
ater, Dalz. & Gibs. . 592
Atkinsoni, Clarke . 603
atratus, Steud. . . 590

atro-ferrugineus,

Steud. . . . . 592
aureus, H.B.K. . . 598
auricomus, Benth. . 618
auricomus, Sieb. . . 618

Babakan, Steud.. . 610
Babakensis, Steud. . 610
Baccha, Kunth

. 693.

compactus, Retz. . 624
complanatus, Willd. 646
complanatus, Wt. . 608
compositus, Br. . . 595
compressus, Linn. . 605
concolor, Steud. . . 590
congestus, Heyne . 595
conglomeratus, Rottb. 602
conglomeratus, Thw. 603
conjunctus, Steud. . 615
coromandelinus,

Boeck. . 589
coromandelinus, Spr. 601
coronarius, Kunth . 619
corymbosus, Rottb. . 612
corymbosus, Keen. . 613
corymbosus, Roxb. . 592

corymbosus, Wall. . 612
cruentus, Boeck. . . 620
cruentus, Roxb. . 590
curvulus, Boeck.. . 603

cuspidatus, H. P. 4 K. 598
cylindricus, Boeck.. 619
cylindrostachys,

Boeck. . . . . 622
dehiscens, Nees . . 613
densus, Br. . . . 603

denudatus, Heyne . 614
diaphaniria, Steud. 606
diaphanus, Schrad.. 590
difformis, Linn. . . 999

diffusus, Vahl 603, 604
diffusus, Kunth . 604
diffusus, Roxb. . 662
digitatus, Roxb. . . 618
digitatus, Nees . 617

. 624

dilutus, Vahl. .
diluvialis, Schult.

. 595 |

763

Page
diphyllos, Benth. . 611
diphyllus, Retz. . . 612

distachyos, Allioni . 597
distans, Linn. 607

divaricatus, Ham. . 592
dives, Delile . 617
Donianus, Dietr.. . 609
dubius, Rottl. 597, 620
effusus, Rottb. . 603
elatus, Linn. . 618
elatus, Heyne. . 617
elatus, Rottb. . . 607
elatus, Roxb. . . 619

elegans, Kunth . . 603
elegans, Linn. . . 604
eleusinoides, Kunth 608

eminens, Klein . 619
enodis, Boeck. . 612
Eragrostis, Rottl. . 592
Eragrostis, Vahl. . 590

esculentus, Linn. . 616
eumorphus, Steud. . 600
exaltatus, Retz. . . 617
exaltatus, Retz. . . 596
ezaltatus, Strach. . 608
extensus, Heyne . . 617
Jastigiatus, Heyne . 608
Jastigiatus, Rottl. . 619
Fenzelianus, Steud. 615

Serax, L. C. Rich. . 624
Jeroz, Vahl . 624
Jerrugineus, Poir. . 593
Fieldingii, Steud. . 601
filiformis, Heyne

589, 592
fimbriatus, Nees. . 609
flavescens, Linn. . . 989
flavescens, Thw. . . 991
flavicomus, Torr. . 594
flavidus, Retz. . . 600
flavidus, Decne. . . 591
flavidus, Heyne . . 594
fluitans, Ham. . . 598
i . 599

fuscus, Linn. .
gangeticus, Roxb. . 608
geminatus, Heyne . 592
geminatus, Koen. .
glaber, Linn. . . . 606
globosus, Allioni. . 591
glomeratus, Linn. . 607
glomeratus, Klein
Goeringit, Steud.
gracilis, Heyne . . 600
graminicola, Steud . 607
graminifolius, Poir.. 600
Grifithianus, Boeck. 609
Griffithii, Stend.. . 605
grossarius, Heyne . 590

164

Page |

Gula-Methi, Roem. &
Sch . . . . . 612
gymnos, Roem. & Sch.

611
Haspan, Linn. . 600
Haspan, Benth. . 600
Haspan, Rottb. . 601
Haspan, Wt. . 601
hebes, Steud. . . 669
Helferi, Boeck. . 604
herangularis, Wt. . 601
heaastachyus, Nees . 616

hexastachyus, Rottb. 615

Heyneanus, Boeck. . 609
Heynei, Boeck. . 610
Hochstetteri, Nees . 594
honestus, Kunth . . 609

-Hookerianus, Arnott 592

Hookerianus, Thw. . 597
hyalinus, Heyne . . 623
hyalinus, Vahl . $91
incurvatus, Roxb. . 608
indicus, Boeck. . 619
indicus, Pers. . . . 649

infra-apicalis, Nees. 608
inundatus,Nees . . 593
inundatus, Roxb. 595, 607

involucratus, Poir. . 617
Iria, Linn. . . 606
Tria, Thw. . . 607
ischnos, Schl. . . 623
Jacquini, Schrad. . 607
japonicus, Miq. . 594

jeminicus, Heyne
590, 615, 616

jeminicus, Retz . . 611
jeminicus, Rottb. . 602
juncifolius, Klein . 615
junciformis, Desf. . 597

Junghuhnii, Miq.. . 592
Kampheveneri, Boeck.

594
Kleinianus, Hochst. 625

Kenigii, Vahl . 612
Kurri, Steud. . 607
Kurzii, Clarke . 604

Kyllingi@oides, Vahl 620
levigatus, Linn. . . 596
lagorensis, Steud. . 604
Lamarckianus, Schult.
591
lamprocarpus, Boeck. 615
lateralis, Forsk.. . 596
latespicatus, Boeck. 590
leptostachyus, Griff. 615
leucocephalus, Retz. 602
leucocephalus, Wt.
597, 603 |

Page
littoralis, Br. . . 615
lividus, Heyne . 592
longifolius, Decne . 603
longus, Linn. . . 614
longus, Baker . 616
longus, Vahl . . 994
lucidulus, Clarke . 614
lucidulus, Klein . . 616
lucidus, Heyne . . 592
macer, C/arke . 613
macropus, Miq. . . 605

macrostachyus, Vahl 594
maderaspatanus,

Willd. . 623
malaccensis, Lam. . 608
marginellus, Nees . 609
maximus, Heyne . 617
maximus, Roxb.. . 619

membranaceus, Vahl

591

Meyenii, Nees . 605
microcarpus, Boeck. 601
microiria, Steud.. . 606
microlepis, Baker . 606
mitis Steud. . . 616
mestus, Kunth . 603

monocephalus, Roxb.

596, 597
monophyllus, Vahl . 612
monostachyus, Linn. 649
Monti, Linn. . . 604
mucronatus, Heyne . 596
mucronatus, Moritz. 591
mucronatus, Rottb. . 596
multispicatus, Boeck. 604
musarius, Ham. . . 662
mysurensis, Heyne . 608
natans, Ham. . 597
Neesii, Kunth. 618
Neesii, Thw. 618
nigro-viridis, Thw. . 603
nilagiricus, Hochst. 592
nitens, Retz. . . 601
nitens, Rottb. . 601
nitens, Rottl. . 601
nitens, Vahl 591
nitens, Wall. . . €01
niveus, Retz. . . 601
niveus, Heyne . . 596
nudus, Roxb.. 611, 612
nutans, Vahl . . 607
nutans, Presl. 607
Oatesii, Clarke 618
obliquus, Nees . . 610
obscurus, Nees 617
obstinatus, Steud. 591
ochreoides, Steud. 615
odoratus, Burm. 617
odoratus, Forst. . . 624

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page
odoratus, Linn. 592, 608
oleraceus, Roxb.. . 611
ornatus, Br. . . . 610
oryzeticola, Steud. . D
ovularis, Boeck. . . 622
pachyrrhizus, Nees. 608
pallescens, Boiss.

pallidus, Heyne. . 598
Pangorei, Ham. . . 609
Pangorei, Heyne. 613
Pangorei, Retz. . . 616
Pangorei, Rottb.. . 612
Pangorei, Roxb.. . 608
Pangorei, Wt. . 613

paniceus, Boeck. . 621
paniculatus, D.Don 609
paniculatus, Rottb.. 592
Panimotha, Ham. . 609
parviflorus, Heyne . 617
parviflorus, Nees
patulus, Kitaib. . 9
pauciflorus, Steud. . 60
auper, Clarke
Dectinatus, Roxb. . 601
pectiniformis, Nees

603, 606
pectiniformis, Roem. 601

pennatus, Boeck. 624
pennatus, Lam... m
pertenuis, Bojer . Ge

pertenuis, Roxb. .
pes-avium, Bertol. .

pictus, Wall. . . Ge
pilosus, Vahl . dee
pilosus, Vahl .

609

piptolepis, Steud.
Roem.
platy phylins em" os

platystylis, Br. - n
plenus, Heyne Zoe
pleuranthus, Nees o

polystachyus, Br.
polystachyus, Rottb.
609,

polystachyus, Strach. à
procerulus, Nees.
procerus, Rottb. .
procerus, Roth. .
procerus, wc? 608, 616
proteinolepis, Steud.
‘Pseudo-vromordes, 590
Boeck. . + * * een
pubescens, Steud. - 00i
pubisquama, teud.
pulchellus, Br. ` 619
ulcher, Don - + -
pulcherrimus, Willd. 600

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page

pulvinatus, Nees &
Meyen. . . . . 591
pumilus, Heyne . . 616
pumilus, Linn. . . 591
pumilus, Nees . . 591
pwmilus, Rottb. . . 590
punctatus, Roxb.. . 591
puncticulatus, Aitch. 594
puncticulatus, Steud. 595
puncticulatus, Vahl. 593
pungens, Boeck. . . 602
pusillus, Vahl . . 619
pusillus, Wt. 598, 623
pygmeus, Retz. . . 619
pygmeus, Rottb.. . 596
quinqu: florus, Hochst. 610
quinqueflorus, Steud. 618

racemosus, Heyne

608, 617
racemosus, Retz. . 618
radians, Nees § Mey. 605

radiatus, Vahl . 617
radicans, Kunth. . 605
Rehmanni, Boiss. 590
Retzii, Nees . . 616
rigidulus, Vahl . . 619
Roestelii, Kunth. . 616

rotundus, Linn. . . 614
rotundus, Benth..
rotundus, Boeck. 615
rotundus, Kunth 611, 615
rotundus, Miq. . . 613
rotundus, Thw. 612, 616
Roxburghianus, Presl 596
Rozburghii, Nees . 619
Roylei Arn. . . . 617
rubicundus, Kunth . 601
rubicundus, Vahl . 601
sanguinolentus, Vahl 590
Scariosus, Br.. . . 612
scoparius. Decne. . 608
semidives, Steud. . 595
seminudus, Moritz. . 606
seminudus, Roxb. . 612
semiteres, Heyie. . 592
serotimus, Rottb.. . 594

setaceus, Retz. . 629
setifolius, Don . 619
silletensis, Nees . . 600
Silletensis, Thw. . . 600
sinensis, Deb. . . 605
solutus, Steud. . 599
songaricus, Karel. . 606
sorostachys, Boeck. . 602
spadiceus, Heyne . 610

8paniophyllus,Steud. 609
speciosus, Heyne. . 595
spicatus, Heyne . . 617

Page

spinulosus, Roxb. . 624.

spongioso-vaginatus,
Boeck.

squarrosus, Linn. 606, 623

squarrosus, Rexb. . 596

squarrosus, Trim. . 598.
stenostachyus, Benth.614 |
Steudelianus, Boeck. 622 |
stoloniferus, Retz. . 615 |
stoloniferus, Nees . 611°

stramineus, Nees . 589;
strictus, Heyne . . 601,
strictus, Lam.. . . 592
strictus, Rott) . . 593
strictus, Wt. . . . 591
strigosus, Wt.. . . 592

subalatus, Steud. . 609
subcapitatus, Clarke 616
subulatus, Heyne . 613
sulcinua, Clarke. . 593
tegetiformis, Rach . 612
tegetiformis, Benth. . 609
tegetiformis, W. Wats. 613

tegetum, Roxb. . . 613
tegetum, Wt. . . . 594
tener, Vahl . . . 619
Teneriffe, Poir. . . 601

Tenorii, Presl. . 616

tenuiculmis, Boeck.. 613
tenuiflorus, Balf. f. . 615
tenuiflorus, Roxb. . 616
tenuiflorus, Royle . 615
tenuispica, Steud. . 601
teretifructus, Steud.. 592

Thomsoni, Boeck. . 608
tortuosus, Koen. . . 592
tortuosus, Roxb. . . 991
triflorus, Linn. . 649
trisulcus, Don. . 619

truncatus, Franch. . 609
tuberiferus, Schrad. 618
tuberosus, Rottb. . 616
tuberosus, Bojer.. . 615
turgidulus, Clarke . 604
umbellatus, Burm. . 619
umbellatus, Benth. . 621
umbella'us, Miq.. . 622

umbellatus, Roxb. . 617
umbellatus, Thw. 621, 622

unioloides, Br. . 593 |
venustus, Br. . . 617
venustus, Moritz. . 609.

da

venustus, Nees
versicolor, Nees . 06 |
verticillatus, Roxb. . Go
verticillatus, Wt. & |

Ham.. 2. . 617) |
viridis, Roxb. . . 605 |

, Page
viscosus, Aiton . 604
vulgaris, Sieb. . 591
Wallichianus, Spr. . 619
Wallichii, Nees . . 608
Wallichii, Wt. . 609
Wightii, Hance . . 613
Wightii, Nees. . 601
xanthopus, Steud. . 608
Zollingeri, Steud. . 613
sp. Coldstream . 606
sp.H.f.& T. 608,612
sp. Wall. 590, 591, 592,

593, 595, 599, 600, 601,
602, 603, 604, 605, 606,
607, 609,611, 614, 615,
617, 618, 619, 623, 624,

Mannii, Rchb. f..

640, 677, 680.

sp. Wt. . 616, 670

Cyphostigmg, Benth. . 250
ezsertu n, Scort.. . 251
pulchellum, Benth. . 251

CYPRIPEDIEJE 169, 177

Cypripedium, Linn. . 169
barbatum, Lindl. . 174
Bozall:, Rchb. f.. . 171
concolor, Batem. . 170
cordigerum, Don . 170
Crossii, Belg. Hort. 174
Drurii, Bedd.. . . 172
elegans, Rchb. f.. . 169
Fairieanum, Lindl. . 173
hirsutissimum, Lindl. 171
insigne, Wall. . 172
macranthon, Swartz 170
niveum, Rchb. f.. . 171
orbum, Rchb. f. . . 174
pardinum, Rchb. f.. 173
Parishii, Rchb. f. . 174
purpu-atun, Wt. . 174
Spicerianum, Rchb.f. 172
superbiens, Rchb. f. 173
Veitchianum, Ill.

Hort. . 173
ventricosum, Swartz 170
venustum, Wall. 173
villosum, ‘Lindl. . 171
Warnerianum,

Rchb. f. . . 174

Cyrtopera bicarinata,

Lindl. . . 6
Brunoniana, Wt. 6
candida, Lindl. 7
Culleni, Wt. 7
flava, Lindl. . 7
fusca Wt. . . . 6
Gardneri, Thw. . 6
lax flora, Gardn.. . 6

4

766 INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page ' Page Page
mysorensis, Lindl. . 6 vagans, Bece.. . . 469| Hystriz, Bl. . . . 39
muda, Rchb.f. . . 6| verticillaris, Mart.. 470| pulchella, Thw. . . 39
obtvsa, Lindl.. . . 3| Dalzellia vivipara, serreformis, Lindl. . 41
picata, Lindl. . . 6 Hassk. . . . . 388 teres, Bl... . . . 34
rufa, Thw. . . . 8, 196 Decaisnea angu’osa, | Desmotrichum gemina-
sanguinea, Lindl. . 8 Lindl . . . . 92 tum, Bl. . . . .188
squalida, Rchb. f. . 6 | Dendrobiumaduncum, Dianella, Lamk. . . 336
Cyrtosia altissima, Bl. 89 | Wall.. .-. . . 185| ensifolia, Redouté . 337
javanica, Bl. . . . 88. aduncum, Hk. f.. . 185| javanica, Kunth. . 337
Lindleyana,Hk.f.&T. 88 Andersonii, Seit . 187| nemorosa, Lamk.. . 337
Cyrtosperma, Grif. . 550, atropurpureum, Mig. odorata, Bl. . . . 997
lasioides, Griff. . . 551 184, 198| sandvicensis, Hook.
Cyrtostachys, Bl. . . 414| aurantiacum, Rchb. f. 187 & Arn. . . . . 937
Lakka, Becc. . . . 414 bifarium, Lindl. 83, 186 | Diaphora cochinchi-
Cystorchis, Bl. . | 97,179 | bolboflorum, Fale. . 184 nensis, Lour. . . 690
fusca, Benth.. . . 112| Brymerianum. Rchb.f.187 | Dicerostylis lanceolata,
javanica, Bl. . . . 97| chryseum, Rolfe. . 187 BL. . . . . H0
variegata, B.. . . 97| crocatum, Hk. f.. . 185 | Dichespermum auran-
cumulatum, Lindl. . 185 tiacum, Hassk. . 378

Dalhousieanum, Wall.186| Blwmei, Hassk.
Devonianum, Past.. 186| ¢igantewm, Hassk. - 376

Demonorops, Bl. . . 462 flavidulum, Ridl. . 185 juncoides, Wt. 381
angustifolius, Mart. 464| geminatum, Lindl. . 183| Kenigii, Hassk. . . 381
calicarpus, Mart. . 466| hercoglossum,Rchb.f.185 | lanceolatum, Wt.. - 381
didymophyllus, Bece. 468 | Hughii, Rchb. f.. . 187| ochraceum, Hassk. . 380

Jascicula us, Mart. . 459| hymenanthum, Hk.f. 185 paniculatum, H LAT, 381
geniculatus, Mart. . 470| hymenopterum,Hk.f. 185| repens, Clarke

grandis, Mart. . . 463 inauditum, Rchb. f.. 183 repens, Hassk. 378
grandis, Kurz. . . 463 kentrophyllum, Hk.f. 184 repens, Wt.. . + - 380
Guruba, Mart. . .449| Kuntsleri, Hk. f.. . 184| semiteres, Hassk.. . 381
hirsutus, Bl. . . . 468| Leonis, Rchb.f. . . 184| Dichostylis Micheliana,
hygrophilus, Mart. . 464 | Loddigesii, Rolfe . 187 Nees. . . . . 062
hypoleucus, Kurz . 451, longicolle, Lindl. . 183 pygmea, Neos - - 596
Hystrix, Mart. . . 468| longipes, Hk. f. . . 183 Diclidiam feror,Scbrad.624
intermedius, Mart.. 464, Macrei, Lindl. . . 184| Dictyospermum con-
Jenkinsianus, Mart. 462| macropodum, Hk. f. 183 spicuum, Hassk. - 382
Kuntsleri, Becc.. . 469 moulmeinense, Par. 187 montanum, Wt. . 382
Kurzianus, Hook. f. 463) panduriferum, Hk. f. 186 ovalifolium, Wt. . - 387
leptopus, Mart. . . 468| pendulum, Roxb. . 186| ovatum, Hassk. . Me
Lewisianus, Mart. . 465 | pulchellum, Rowb. . 186 protensum, Wt. - - Se
longipes, Mart. . . 471, pumilum, Kozb. 184| Wightii, Hassk. 368, 38
macrophyllus, Becc. 470 | : phegidoglossum, Didymoplexis, Grif. - 121
Manii, Berc. . . . 463 | Rchb. f.. . . . 186| pallens, Grif. - - 122
melanolepis, Mart. . 452 | stuposum, Lindl. . 186 Didymosperma, H. Wal. 0
micracanthus, Bece. 467 | subteres, Lindl. . . 184 g Dr oc o
monticolus, Mart. . 465) subulatum, Lindl. . 184| gracilis, HI. - ` f
nutantiflerus, Mart.. 462| tenuicaule, Hk. f. . 184| hastata, Becc. > > 4 0
oligophyllus, Becc. . 470 teres, Roxb. . . . 49 Hookeriana, Becc. 120

petiolaris, Mart.. . 466] Teysmann , Miq.. . 184| nana, H. Wal. § Dr oe,
platyspathus, Mart.. 450| — tropzoli florum,Hk.f. 186 | Dioscorea, Linn, + * 296
propinquus, Becc. . 467| tuberiferum, Hk. f.. 184| aculeata, Lint. - > 59)
Pseudosepal, Becc. . 465 vaginatum, Wal. . 83 aculeata, Ham. `

ramosissimus, Mart. 450| v ratrifulium, Roxb. 191| aculeata, Roxb. - - s
Rheedei, Mart. . . 452| Dendrochilum fuscum, aculeata, Wt. . + * 296
Sabut, Bec. . . . 469| ^ Teysm.& Binn. . 190| acutangula, Ham. - 596
Sepal, Becc. . . . 465| Denirocolla amplexi- alata, Linn. * "aa
strictus, BI. . . | 471 caulis, Bl. . . . 40| alata, Griseb.. - ` 549

tabacinus, B.ce. . . 466 Arachnites, Bl. . . 41 altissima, Roxb. .

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page
amæna, Roxb. . . 289
angulata, Roxb. . . 296
anguliflora, Steud. . 296
anguina, Roxb. . 293

atropurpurea, Roxb. 296

Bisantaca, Ham.. . 296
bulbifera, Linn. . . 296
bulbifera, Br. . . 295
bulbifera, Russ. . 296
Cerubulium, Ham. . 291
Cliffo: tiana, Lam. . 295
Collettii, Hk. f. . . 290
coriacea, Wt. . . 292
crepitans, Ham. . 294
crispata, Roxb. . 296
cylindrica, Vit. . 296
cymosula, Hemsl. . 291
demona, Rozb. . 289

decemangularis, Ham.295

decipiens, Hk. f.. . 293
deflexa, Hk. f. . 293
deltoidea, Wall. . . 291
Devipata, Ham. . . 296
digitata, Mill . . 289
echinata, Ham. . 291

fasciculata, Roxb. . 296
gibbidora, Hk. f. . 294
glabra, Roxb.. . . 294
glabra, Wall. 292,293, 294
globosa, Rowb. . . 296
Hamiltoni, Hk. f. . 295
heterophyla, Roxb. . 295

hirsuta, Dennst.. . 289
Hurchusia, Ham. . 296
incrassata, Ham.. . 295
intermedia, Thw. . 297

Jacquemontii, Hook.f. 290
Japonica, Hb. Madr. 296
Kleiniana, Kunth . 289
kumaonensis, Kunth 290

lanata, Balf. . . 291
lanceolata, Heyne. . 292
laurifolia, Wall.. . 293
lunata, Roth . 289
nepalensis, Sweet. . 297

nummularia, Kunth 294
nummularia, Lamk. . 294
? nummularia, Willd. 295
obcuneata, Hk. f. . 293
octangularis, Ham. . 296
odoratissima, Wall. . 296
oppositifolia, Linn. . 292

orbiculata, Hook. . 292
ovata, Ham. . 295
peltata, Juss. . . 297

pentaphylla, Linn.. 289
pentaphylla, Wal. . 290
polyclades, Hk. f. . 294

Page
pulchella, Roxb. . . 295
purpurea, Roxb. . . 297
pyrífolia, Kunth. . 292

rubella, Roxb.. . . 297

sagittata, Royle . . 294
' sativa, Linn. . . . 295
sativa, Hb. Madr. . 295
sativa, Linn. . . .291
sativa, Wall. 292, 295

spicata, Roth . 291,297
spinosa, Roxb. . . 291

spinosa, Wall. . . 204
tiliefolia, Kunth . 291
tomentosa, Heyne . 289

trinervia, Roxb. 289, 292

triphylla, Ham. . 289
triphylla, Linn. . . 289
triphylla, Russ. . . 289 |
triphylla, Wall. . . 290
Tunga, Ham. . . 295
versicolor, Ham. . . 295
virosa, Wall. . . 289
Wallichii, Hk. f.. . 295
Wightii, Hk. f. . 291
DIOSCOREACEXE . . 288
Dipcadi, Medic. . . 945
concanense, Dalz. . 346

hydsuricum, Baker . 347
minor, Hk. f. . . 946
montanum, Baker . 346
serotinum, Medic. . 346
unicolor, Baker . . 346

Diphylam, urceolata,
Hk. f£.. . . . .165

Diplacrum | caricimum,
Br. . 688

tridentatum, Brong. 688
zeylanicum, Nees
Diplanthera tridentata.

Steinb. . . . . 570
Diplocentrum, Lindl.. 78
congestum, Wt. . . 78
longifolium, Wt.. . 78
recurvum, Lindl. . 78
Diplochilos hirsutum,
Lindl. . . . .167
longifolium, Lindl. . Bi

Diplomeris, Don . . 66
hirsuta, Lindl.
pulchella, Don . . 167

Diploprora, Hk. f. 26, 178
Championi, Hk. f. . 26

Dipodium, Br. . . . 19
flavum, Ham. . . . 7
paludosum, Rchb. f. 19
pictum, Rchb.f. . . 19
plicatum, Ham. . . 6
ramentaceum, Ham. 4

767

Page
Roniata, Ham. . . 6
scariosum, Ham.. . 3
sp. Griff. . 195

Dipseudochorion sagit-
tifolium, Buchen . 560
Disperis, Swartz. 168, 177
neilgherrensis, Wt. 169
tripetaloides, Lindl. 169

zeylanica, Trimen . 169
Disporum, Salisb. . 959
calcaratum, Don. . 359
ceylanicum, Wt. . . 360
| fulvum, Don . 960

Hamiltonianum, Don 359
Horsfieldii, Don . . 360
latipetalum, Coll. &

Hemsl. . 959
Leschenaultianum,

Don . . . . . 360
multiflorum, Don 360
mysorense, Wt. 360
parviflorum, Don 360
Pitsutum, Don . 360
pullum, Salisb. 360
Wallichii, Don 359

Dithyrocarpus
Meyenianus, Kunth. 390
paniculatus, Kunth . 390

petiolatus, Wt. . 390
Rothii, Wt. . 390
rufus, Kunth. . . 390
undulatus, Wt. . 390

Dochafa flava, Schott 503
Donacodes, Bl. . . . 236
Donaz Arundinastrum,
Lour. . . . . 258
Doritis, Lindl. . .31,178
Braceana, Hk. f.. . 196
pulcherrima, Lindl.. 31
tenialis, Benth. . . 31
Wightii, Benth. . . 32
Dossinia, Morr. . . . 102
lanceolata, Lindl. . 109
marmorata, /.indl. . 96
Dracena, Linn.. . 327
angustifolia, Roxb. . 327
atro-purpurea, Roxb. 330
aurantiaca, Wall. . 329
brachyphylla, Kurz 328
brachystachys, Hk, f.328

Cantleyi, Baker . . 3381
elliptica, Thunb.. . 330
elliptica, Thunb. &
Dallm. . . . 329
ensifolia, Wall. . 327
ferrea, Liun. . 331
Finlaysoni, Baker . 327
gracilis, Wall. . 330

768

Page |
graminifolia, Wall. . 327

granulata, Hk. f. . 327
Grifithii, Regel . . 330
Helferiana, Wall. . 330
Heyneana, Wall. . 329
Jackiana, Wall. . . 331
javanica, Kunth . . 330
linearifolia, Kurz . 331
maculata, Planch. . 330
maculata, Roxb. . . 330
maculata, Wall. . . 323
Maingayi, Hk. f.. . 329
P? marmorata, Baker 329
pachyphylla, Kurz . 329
petiolata, Hk. f. . . 331
Porteri, Baker . 828
spicata, Rozb. . 328
spicata, Baker . 928
terminalis, Jack . . 331
terminalis, Wt. . 929

terniflora, Rozb.. . 328
terniflora, Wall. . . 330
ternifolia, Kurz . . 328

Thwaitesii, Regel . 329
Wallichii, Kunth 328, 330

DRACÆNEÆ . 300
Dracontium polyphyl-

lum, Denst.. . 514

spinosum, Linn. . . 550

Drapiezia multiflora, Bl. 360
Drymophleus singa-

porensis, Hk. f. . 413
Dymczewiezia capitata,
Horan. . 249
elata, Horan. . . 219
marginata, Horan. . 249

Echinolytrum dipsaceum,
Desv. . . . 635
Echioglossum striatum,

Rchb. f. . 76
Elate sylvestris, Linn. . 425
Eleocharis, R. Br. . . 625

acicularis, Br. . 628
acutangula, Schult.. 627
afPata, Steud. . . 629

atropurpurea, Kunth 627
capitata, Dr. . . . 627
Cheetaria, Roem.4Sch.629

? confervoides, Miq. . 654
congesta, Don . 630
equisetina, Presl . 626
erythrochlamys, Miq. 630
fistulosa, Schult. . 626
incurvata, Schult. . 656
interstincta, Br. . . 626
Juncoides, Schult. . 656
media, Schult. . . 627

Page
ochrostachys, Steud. 626
ovata, Br. . . . . 628

ovata, Thw. . 630
palustris, Br. . . 628
palustris, Strach. . 630
planiculmis, Steud. . 627
plantaginea, Br.. . 625

purpurascens, Boeck. 630
setacea, Br. . . 629
spiralis, Br. . . . 627
subprolifera, Steud. . 629
subvivipara, Boeck.. 629
tetraquetra, Nees . 630

tumida, Roem. & Sch. 625

uniglumis, Nees . . 623
variegata, Kunth . 626
sp. H.f.¢ T.. . . 630
sp. Wall. 626, 627, 628,
630

Eleogenus, Nees . . 627

atropurpureus, Nees. 627

capitatus, Nees . 628
ovatus, Nees . 628
Eleogiton | curvulus,
Nees... . 653
fluitans, Link. . 653

monostachya, Dietr.. 634

scabra, Dietr.. . 631
Elettaria, Maton . 251
cannecarpa, Wt.. . 240

Cardamomum, Maton 251

costata, Horan. . . 235
floribunda, Thw.. . 233
involucrata, Thw. . 233

linguiformis, Schult. 235
major, Smith. . . 251
mendia, Link.. . 235
nemoralis, Thw. .. . 233
rufescens, Benth. . 242
Elettariopsis, Baker . 251
Curtisii, Baker . 252
exserta, Baker . 251
serpentina, Baker . 252
Elyna, Schrad. . . 696
capillifolia, Decne. . 697
capillifolia, Hend. . 701
filifolia, Turez. . 699
kokanica, Regel . 698
? lara, Kunth. . 698
schenoides, O. A.
Meyer . 697
sibirica, Turez . 697
spicata, Boiss. . . 697
stenocarpa, Kar. & Kir.698
sp. H. f. & T. 695, 696,
697, 699
Ephippiorhynchium
triflorum, Nees . 670

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Bot. Mag.
aloifoliwm, Linn. .
bidentatum, Ken.
calceolare, Ham. .
calceolaria, Kan.
calceolaria

tre, Ken.
clavatum, Ken. .
clavatum, Retz.

Page

terres-

complanatum, Ken.

complanatum, Retz. .

ensifoliwm, Linn.

Flabellum Veneris,

Kon. . . . à
Flos-sris? Kon.
Flos-eris, Linn. .

geniculatum, Ham. .

herandrum, Keen. 84,

Hippium, Ham.
liliidorum, Ken. .
longiflorum, Kon.

lycopodioides, Ken.

nudum, Koen. .
ophrydis, Kan.
orchideum, Ken.
plantaginifolium,
Kon. . . + à
premorsum, Roxb.
pusillum, Kon.
pusillum, Retz
retusum, Linn.
saaronicum, Ken.
scriptum, Linn.
sessile, Kan. .

spathulatum, Ken. .
spathulatum, Linn. .

subulatum, Ken.
subulatum, Retz.

Supplexminima, Ken.

tenuifolium, Linn.
tessellatum, Roxb.

tomentosum, Ken. .

triste, Forst.
umbellatum, Ham.
variegatum, Ken.

Epipactis, Br.

? americana, Lindl. .

amena, Ham. .

? bicarin ta, Ham. .

carinata, Roxb.
consimilis, Wall.
consimilis, Don
Dalhousia, Wt.
gigantea, Dougl. .
herbacea, Lindl. .
intrusa, Lindl.
Juliana, Roxb.

Epidendrum aloifolium,

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Pa
latifolia, Sw. . . 125
macrostachya, Lindl. 125
macrostachya, Wt. . 126
plicata, Roxb.. . 119
Royleana, Lindl. . 126
veratrifolia, Boiss. . 126
Epiphanes javanica,Bl. 123
pallens, Rchb. f.. . 122
Epipogum, Gmelin. . 124
aphyllum, Sw. . . 194
Gmelini, Rich. . . 124
nutans, Rehb. f.. . 124
rosewm, Lindl. . 124
Epipremnum, Schott . 548
Beccarii, Engl. . 046
Eiganteum, Schott . 548
humile, Hk. f. . . 049
mediwm, Engl. . . 540
mirabile, Schott . . 549
Eremurus, Bieberst. . 332
himalaicus, Baker . 332
persicus, Boiss. . 983
ria calamifolia, Hk.f, 191
muscicola, Lindl. . 190
pulchella, Lindl.. . 190
Thwaitesii, Trim. . 191
tomentosa, Lindl. . 198
Eriocautez. . . . 571
Eriocaulon, Linn. . . 571
achiton, Kern. . . 584
alpestre, Hk. f. ^ T. 578
argenteum, Mart.. . 582
argyreum, Steud. . 582
atratum, Kern. . . 574
australe, Br. . . 580
bifistulosum,
V. Hewk. . . . 572
bracteosum, Steud. . 572
reviscapum, Kern. 575
rownianum, Mart. 576

capillus-naiadis,Zk.f.572
canlescens, Hk.f.§°T. 572

Ceylanicnm, Kern. .

585

cinereum, Br. . . . 578
cinereum, Ham. . . 578
Collettii, Hk. f. . . 575
collinum, Hk.f. . . 584
cristatum, Mart.. . 574
cristatum, Benth. . 574
cristatum, Mart. . 575
Cuspidatum, Dalz. . 581
Dalzellii, Kern. . . 580
Duthiei, Hk. f. . . 578
echinulatum, Mart.. 579
erythropodum, Miq. . 582
9urypeplon, Kern. . 585
fluviatile, Trim. . . 585
gracile, Mart. . 577 |

VOL. vr.

Page

gregatum, Kern.. . 581
Hamiltonianum, |
Mart.. . . 579
Helferi, Hk. f. . 583

heterolepis, Steud. . 585
hexangulare, Kunth. 577
infirmum, Steud. . 577
intermedium, Koern. 572
kiusianum, Max. .
lanceolatum, Mig. . 577
leucomelas, Steud. . 574
longicuspis, Hk. f. . 573
longifolium, Nees . 580
luzulefolium, Mort. 582
luzulefolium, Thw. . 584
Martianum, Wall. . 582
melaleucum, Mart. . 574

minimum, Lam. . . 585
minutum, Hk. f.. . 579
. 575

miserum, Kern. .
mitophylum, Hk. f.. 575
Neesianum, Kern. . 585

nepalense, Presc. . 581
nigricans, Br. . . 584
nilagirense, Steud. . 576
nitidum, Ham. . 977

. 574

odoratum, Dalz. .
oryzetorum, Mart. . 579
polycephalum, Hk. f. 573
Pumilio, Hk. f. . . 581
pygmewm, Dalz. . . 584
quidrangulare, Lour. 580
quinquangulare, Linn.582
quinquangulare,

Heyne . . . . 574
quinquangulare, Wall. 581
quinquelobum, Wall. 583
rivulare, Dalz. . 580

robustum, Steud.. . 572
sericans, Mart. . . 577
setaceum, Linn.. . 572
setaceum, Benth. . 572
setaceum, Heyne. . 977

. 672

setacewm, Wall.
sexangulare, Linn.. 580
sezangulare, Heyne . 576
sezangulare, Mart. . 577
sexangulare, Willd. . 580
Sieboldianum, Sieb.

g Zwee, . . + - 577
Sieboldianum, Koen. 578
Sollyanum, Royle . 583
stellulatum, Kern. . 979
subcaulescens, Hk. f. 573

subulatum, Bojer . 583
tenue, Ham. . 577
Thwaitesii, Kern. . 583

. 583

trilobum, Ham. .

. 578 |
Eriophorum, Linn..

Erythronium indicum,

Page
truncatum, Ham. . 578
viride, Koern. . 581
Walkeri, Hk. f. . . 583

Wallichianum, Mart.
578, 580
Wightianum, Mart. . 576
veranthemoides, Heurck
& Muell.. . 584
xeranthemum, Mart. 584
. 663
arundinaceum, Wall. 664
cannabinum, Royle. 664
capitatum, Host . . 664
comosum, Wall. . . 664
cyperinum, Linn.. . 661
filamentosum, Boeck. 664
humile, Turez. . . 664
microstachyum,
Boeck.. . . . . 664
Scheuchzeri, Hoppe 664

vaginatum, Curt. . 664
sp. Benth: . . . . 661
. 664

sp. Wall.

Erythrorchis altissima,

altissima, Lindl.. . 89
Lindleyana, Rchb. f. 88

Hb. Madr. . . . 348
Erythrotis ` Beddomei,

Hk.f.. . . . . 388
Esmeralda Cathcartii,

Reichb.f. . . . 27
Clarkei, Reichb. f£. . 28

Eteria abbreviata,

Lindl.. . . 109
affinis, Lindl. . 108
albida, Bl. . 97
flava, Lindl. 108
flava, Wall. 109
javanica, Bl. . 47
lanceolata, Rchb. f. . 109
moulmeinensis, Par.

& Rchb.f. . . 109
nervosa, Lindl. . . 108
pusilla, Wall. . 105

EUCYPEREE . . . . 586
| Eugeissonia, Griff. 480
481

tristis, Griff. . . .

Eugona superba, Salisb. 358
Eulophia, Br. . 1, 177, 178

albiflora, Edgew. . 2
andamanensis, Rchb. f. 8
atro-virens, Lindl. . 8
bicarinata, Hk. f. 6
bicolor, Dalz. . . . 6
brachypetala, Lindl.. 2

3

bracteosa, Lindl. .
3»

770 INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page |
burmanica, Hk. f. 5
campestris, Wall. 4
candida, Hk.f. . . 6
carinata, Lindl. . 1
decipiens, Kurz. . 5

densiflora, Lindl.
elata, Hk. f. . .
explanata, Lindl.
flava, Hk. f. . . .
graminea, Lindl. 2,19
grandiflora, Lindl. .
hemileuca, Lind).
herbacea, Lindl.. .
holochila, Coll. &
Hemsl. . . .
inconspicua, Griff.
lachnocheila, Hk. f.
macrobulbon, Par. A:
Rehb. f. . .
macrorhizon, Hk. f..
macrostachya, Lindl.
Mann, Hk.f. . .
«onophylla, Spens.
Moore. e
nuda, Lindl.
obtusa, Hk.f.. .
ochreata, Lindl. .
pratensis, Lindl. .
ramentacea, Lindl.
ramentacea, Wt. .
rupestris, Lindl. .
sanguinea, Hk. f.
squalida, Lindl. .
stenopetala, Lindl. .
virens Br.. . . 1,19
E sp. Trim. e.
uproboscis mea
Griff Pyg | ,

M
e

OPP i RU ND GO OU OD. PANN VVO Nou 00 0 102 62 en

Doan

M . 8
Euthyra, Salisb. . . 362

Fieldia gigantea, Rchb. f. 97
Fimbristylis, Vahl . 630
abbreviata, Boeck. . 648
abjiciens, Steud., . 631
acicularis, Br.. . . 681
actinoscheenus, |
Clarke . . . . 650
acuminata, Vahl. . 631
aestivalis, Vahl . . 637
albicans, Nees . . 641
albo-viridis, Clarke . 638
amblyphylla, Steud. 645
andamanica, Kurz . 639
angularis, Steud. . 644
annua, Roem. & Sch.

636, 637

Page
aphylla, Steud. . . 644
argentea, Vahl . . 640
argentea, Vahl . . 596
Arnottiana, Boeck. 643
Arnottii, Thw. . . 631
arvensis, Vahl. . . 639
asperrima, Boeck. . 643
autumnalis, Roem. E

Sch. . . . . . 646
barbata, Benth. . . 652
benghalensis, Roem.

& Sch. . .. .64
biflora, Boeck. . . 650
bispicata, Boeck. . 634
bispicata, Nees . . 634
biwmbellulata, Boeck. 640
Boeckeleri, Steud.

644, 646
brachyphylla, Sch. . 636
Buergueri, Miq. . . 639

capillacea, Steud. . 652
capillaris, Benth. . 652
capitata, Zoll.. . . 640
chetorrhiza, Kunth . 647
chetorrhiza, Thw. 643,648
ciliolata, Steud. . . 640
cincta, Nees . . . 636
cinnamometorum,

Kunth . . . . 650
cinnamometorum,

Hance . . . . 649
comata, Nees. . . 635
communis, Kunth 636, 638
complanata, Link . 646
complanata, Benth. . 646
compressa, Boeck. . 639
confinis, Steud. . . 639
connectens, Thw.. . 646
curvifolia, Steud. . 636
cylindrocarpa, Kunth 631
cyperoides, Br. . . 650
cyrtophylla, Miq. . 639
dasyphylla, Miq. . . 641
decora, Nees & Mey. 641
depauperata, Br. 636, 637
dichotoma, Vahl . . 635
dichotoma, Boeck. . 637

digitata, Boeck. . . 648
diphylla, Vahl . . 636
diphylla, Vahl 638, 646
dipsacea, Benth. . . 635
disticha, Boeck. . . 651
efoliata, Steud. . . 645
faleata, Boeck. . . 648
falcata, Kunth . . 647

ferruginea, Vahl. . 638
ferruginea, Miq. . . 639
filifolia, Boeck. . . 643

ag
filiformis, Kunth. . 633
flaccida, Steud: . . 644
flaccidula, Zoll. . . 644
foliosa, Link . . . 636
fulvescens, Thw. . 650
fusca, Benth. . . . 649
fuscinux, Clarke. . 638
Gambleana, Boeck. . 691
glabra, Steud. 642, 650
glauca, Vahl . . - 636
globulosa, Kunth. . 644
glomerata, Nees . . 640
gracilis, Arnott . - 639
Griffithiana, Steud. . 637
Griffithii, Boeck.. - 637
Henkei, Dietr. 647, 648
Hanceana, Boeck. . 640
Heynei, Boeck. . - 636
Hookeriana, Boeck. . 641
inconstans, Steud. . 634
insignis, Thw. . 645
japonica, Sieb. & an
Zucc.. . + * * pe
juncea, Boeck. - > es
juncea, Roem. & Sch. be
junciformis, Kunth .
junciformis, Munro .
Ver Book 62
Kingii, Clarke. + * er
Kraussiana, Hoehet.
levissima, Steud. - 8
latifolia, Kunth. . 9
lawa, Vahl. e"
leptoclada, Benth. . f
littoralis, Gaud. . - 639
longispica, Steud.
malaccana, Boeck. ` 639
marginata, Labill.
merguensis, Clarke . 636
Metzi,Steud.. - : 646
microcarpa, F. Muell.
miliacea, Vahl - - 672
? mollis, Kunth - - 633
monandra, F. Muell
monandra, Roem. 652
Sch. ee y
monostachya, Hassk. ot
monticola, Steud. - Hm
muriculata, Benth. - 648
nigrobrunnea, Thw. -
nutans, Vahl. - ` e
ochreata, Boeck. - *
ovalis, Nees - * ' egg
oxy lepis, Steud. -
pallescens, Nees ` ` ei
pauciflora, Br. i te
paupercula, Bir ** lb
pentaptera, Kum? `

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page
pentastachya, Boeck. 636

Pieroti, Miq.. . 642
podocarpa, Nees. . 638
podocarpa, Munro . 638
podocarpa, Nees . . 636

polymorpha, Boeck.

636, 638
polytrichoides, Vahl . 632
pumila, Benth. . 633
pycnostachya, Hance 648

: quinquangularis,

Kunth . . 644
retusa, Thw. . 647
rigida, Kunth. 640
rigidula, Nees. 640
rigidula, Berol. 640
rigidula, Thw. 636
Roxburghii, Dietr. . 639
Royeniana, Nees. . 636
Salbundia, Kunth . 646
Salbundia, Boeek. . 644
Salbundia, Thw.. . 645
8caberrima, Nees 637
scabra, Kunth. . . 646
schoenoides, Vahl 634
sericea, Br. . 641
Setacea, Benth. . 632
similis, Steud. . 636
spadicea, Boeck. . . 636
Spathacea, Roth. . 640

sptrostachys,F. Muell. 637

squarrosa, Vahl . . 635
Stolonifera, Clarke . 637
Sub-bispicata, Nees
& Meyen. . . . 634
sub-bulbosa, Boeck.
632, 633
subtetrastachya,
Boeck. . . 648
subtrabeculata,
Clarke . 633

tenera, Roem. A: Sch. 642

tenera, Boeck. 644, 646
tenuicula, Boeck. . 632
tenuifolia, Nees . . 639
tenuifolia, Thw. . . 642
tetragona, Br. . 631
tetragona, Br. . . 966
homsgonii, Boeck.
644, 646
Thwaitesii, Boeck. . 645
tomentosa, "Vahl . . 636
orresiana, Gaud. . 645
torta, Kunth 648
tricholepis, Miq.. . 637
trispicata, Steud. 639
tristachya, Thw.. . 649
uliginosa, Steud. 648

Page
wmbellaris, Vahl. - 645
velutina, Franch. . 641
Wightiana, Nees. . 640

sp. Wall. 604, 612, 635,
636, 637, 638, 639, 640,
642, 643, 644, 645, 646,
647, 648, 649, 659.

Fisquetia macrocarpa,

Gaud. . 484
militaris, Gaud. 484
ornata, Gaud.. 486
ovata, Gaud. . 487

FLAGELLARIEÆ . 390
Flagellaria, Linn. . . 390
angustifolia, Wall. . 391
indica, Linn. . . . 391
minor, Bl... 391
Floscopa, Lour.. . . 390
Hamiltonii, Hassk. . 390
Meyeniana, Hassk. . 390
paniculata, Hassk.
382, 390
petiolata, Hassk... . 390
scandens, Lour. . 390
undulata, Hassk.. . 390
Fluggea draeemosdes,

Baker. . . . 268
Griffithit, Baker. . 270
intermedia, Kunth . 269
Jacquemontiana,

Kunth . . . 269
japonica, Rich. . 267
japonica, Schult. . 269
? prolifera, Baker . 270

Wallichiana, Kunth 268
Fluvialis indica, Pers. 569

Forrestia, A. Rich.. . 383)
glabrata, Hassk.. . 384
Griffithii, Clarke. . 383
hispida, A. Rich. . 383
hispida, Bot. Mag. . 383
Hookeri, Hassk. . . 384
marginata, Hassk. . 383
mollis, Hassk. . 983
rostrata, Hassk. . . 384

Franquevillea ` major,

Zol. . . . . 279

Freycinetia, Gaud. . 487
angustifolia, Bl.. . 487
angustifolia, Kurz . 487
Brunoniana, Wall. . 487

Debregeseana, Gaud. 487
Gaudichaudii, Bennet 488
insignis, Bl. . 488
pycnophylla, Solms. 487

Walkeri, Solms. . 487
Fritillaria, Linn. . . 352
cirrhosa, Don. . 353

302

uncinata, Thw. . .

771

Page
Corona-imperialis,

Geertn. . 354
Gardneriana, Wall. 353
Gulielmi- Waldemarii,

Klotzsch. . . . 353
Hookeri, Baker . . 352
imperialis, Linn.. . 358
? macrophylla, Don . 352
oxypetala, Royle . 352
oxypetala, Hook.. . 353
Roylei, Hook. . . 353
Stracheyi, Hk. f.. . 353
Thomsoniana, Don . 352
P triceps, Klotzsch . 353
verticillata, Wall. 353

Foirena, Rottb. 665
canescens, Vahl .: . 666
ciliaris, Nees . 666
ciliaris, Roxb.. . 666
cuspidata, Kunth 665
glomerata, Lam. . 666
paniculata, Lam.. . 667
pentagona, Nees. . 667
pubescens, Kunth . 665
pubescens, Boeck. 665
quu ngularis,

Hassk. . . 667
Rottboellii, Nees. . 666
Trilobites, Clarke 666
umbellata, Rottb. 666
uncinata, Kunth . 666

Wallichiana, Kunth
sp. Wall. 665, 666, 667
Gabertia seripta, Gaud. 18
Gagea, Salisb. 355
commutata, C. Koch 356
elegans, Wall. . . 955
lutea, Schultz. . . 355
Moorcroftiana, Wall. 355
pedunculata, Wall. . 356
persica, Boiss. . . 355
? pulchella, Wall. . 354
reticulata, Schultes f. 356
sarmentosa, C. Kooh 356
stipitata, Merkl.. . 356
taurica, Stev.. . . 356
triphylla, C. Koch . 356
Gahnia, Forst. . -676
javanica, Moritz.. . 676
Galanga, Salisb. . 253
Galeola, Lour. 88
altissima, Rchb. f. 89
altissima ? Rchb. f.. 89
Catheartii, Hk. f. 89
Falconeri, Hk. f. . 88

772 INDEX OF
Page
Hydra, Rchb. f. . 89

javanica, Benth. 88, 197
Lindleyana, Rchb. f. 88

? pusilla, Hk. f. 89
Galera nutans, Bl. . 124
rosea, Bl. 124
Gamochilus, Lestid. 231
Gamoplezis, Falc. 122
orbanchoides, Falc. . 122

Garciana cochinchinen-

sis, Lour. . . 363 |
Gastrochilus, Wall. 217
affinis, Wall. . 218
calceolaria, Don . 60
Jenkinsii, Wall.. . 218
longiflora, Wall.. . 217
minor, King . . . 217
parvula, Wall. . 218
pulcherrima, Wall.. 217

rubrolutea, Baker . 218
Ptiliefolia, Baker . 218
tillandsioides, Baker 218

Gastrodia, Br. . . . 122
elata, Bl. . . 122
exilis, Hk. f. . . . 123
? Hasseltii, BI. . 123
javanica, Endl. . 123

orobanchoides, Benth.122

Geocallis fasciculata,

Horan. . 241

Geodorum, Jackson . 16
appendiculatum,

Griff. . 18
attenuatum, Griff. 17
candidum, Lindl. 18
candidum, Wall.. 17
citrinum, Jacks. . 17
dilatatum, Br. 17
dilatatum, Lindl. 18
dilatatum, Wall. . 16
fucatum, Lindl. . 18
javanicum, Lindl. 18
laxiflorum, Grif.. 18
pallidum, Wall. . 18
pallidum, Grif. . 18
parviflorum, Lindl.. 18
purpureum, Br. 16
semicristatum, Lindl. 18
sp. Griff. 18

Georchis biflora, | Lindl. 114

cordata, Lindl. . 114
Soliosa, ‘Lindl. . . 113
secundiflora, Griff. . 113
vittata, Lindl.. . . 114
Gethullis fusiformis,
Ham.. . . . .279
Globba, Linn. . 201

Andersoni, Clarke . 202

GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page
arracanensis, Kwrz . 203
brachycarpa, Baker 205

bracteata, Heyne . 206
bracteolata, Wall. . 204
bracteosa, Horan. . 206
bulbifera, Roxb. . . 206
canarensis, Baker . 206
Careyana, Roxb.. . 203
cernua, Baker. . 205
Clarkei, Baker . 201
elongata, King . 203
erecta, Red. . . . 204
expansa, Wall. 204, 205
floribunda, Baker . . 203
Hookeri, Clarke . . 202
Hwra, Roxb. . 205
Kingii, Baker . . 204
marantina, Linn. . 206
marantina, Wall. . 206 |

marantinoides, Wt. . 206
multiflora, Wall. . 202
multiflora, Wall.. . 205
nutans, Linn.. . . 256
ophioglossa, Wt. . 202
orixensis, Roxb. . . 201
orixensis, Wall.

201, 202, 203
pallidiflora, Baker . 204
pauciflora, King . . 205
pendula, Roxb. . 205
pendula, Wall. . . 202
platystachya, Baker 206
purpurea, Andr.. . 200
racemosa, Smith. . 201
radicalis, Roxb. . . 200
saltatoria, Rose. . . 200
sessiliflora, Sims . 203
spathulata, Roxb. . 201

stenothyrsa, Baker . 204
strobilifera, Zoll. &

Moritz. . . 206
subscaposa, Coll. D

Hemsl. . . . .204
substrigosa, King 202
subulata, Roxb. . 200

uliginosa, Miquel . 203

velutina, Wall. 202
versicolor, Smith . 205
Wallichii, Baker. . 202
Glomera, Bl.. 178
Gloriosa, Linn. . 358

Doniana, Schultes f
simplez, Don. . .

superba, Limn. . . 358
Glossula ` tentacula,
Lindl. 163

Gomutus obtusifolia,Bl. 421
saccharifer, Spr.. . 421

Page

Gonatanthus, Kiotzsch 522
Grifithii, Schott . 520

? ornatus, Schott . 522
sarmentosus, Klotz. 522
Gonioscypha, Baker . 326
eucomoides, Baker . 326
Goodyera, Br. 110, 179
biflora, Hk. f.. . . 114
carnea, A. Rich. . . 111
cordata, Benth. . 114
discolor, Ker. . . 101
elongata, Lindl. . 116
flabellata, A. Rich. . 106
foliosa, Benth. 113
fumata, Thw. . 11I
fusca, Hk. f. . 112
gracilis, Hk. f. 112
hirsuta, Griff. . 94
hispida, Lindl. 114
marginata, Lindl. 112
ovalifolia, Wt. 115
Prainii, Hk. f.. . . 112
procera, Hook, . . 111
recurva, Lindl. 112
repens, Br. . . HI
robusta, Hk. f. 113
rubens, Bl. . 111
secundiflora, Lindl. M3
vittata, Benth. . 113

sp. Griff. 105, 113, 115, 116
Govindovia nervosa,Wt. 92
Grammatophyllum, Bl. 18

affine, Griff. 1

fastuosum, Lindl.

? Finlaysonianum,

Lindl.. . 20

macranthum, Rohb. f. 18
paludosum, Griff. 19
scandens, Griff. 4

speciosum, Bl. .
Grantia globosa, Griff.. ` 558

microscopica, Griff. . 558
Grosourdya ` Hystria,
Rchb. f. 4
Gussonea cyperoi es,
Presl.. . 650
pauciflora, Brong. 649
Gymnadenia Chusua, 97
Lindl.. 7 .
cylindrostachya,
“Lindl. . M
galeandra, Rchb. f. IS
Helferi, Rchb. f. . 1 1
longifolia, Lindl.. LET
obcordata, Rchb. f. . yt
Orchidis, Lindl. ge
platyphylla, Lindl. . 127

puberula, Lindl. .

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 113

. Page Page Page
secunda, Lindl. . . 160| geniculata, Don . . 138 nematocaulon, Hk. f. 154
spathulata, Lindl. . 127 Gerardiana, Wall. . 137| oligantha, Hk. f. . 154

P tenuiflora, Lindl. . 163| Gibsoni, Hk. f. . . 135| Orchidis, Hk. f. . . 142
P tenuis, Lindl. . . 156 gigantea, Don . . 137| ovalifolia, Wt. . . 149
violacea, Lindl. . . 142| gigas, Hk. f. . . . 160 pachycaulon, Hk. f. 154
Gyrostachys australis, Bl.102 glabra, A. Rich. . . 148| Parishii, Hk. f. . . 161

. . goodyeroides, Don . 161| pectinata, Don . . 187
Habenaria, Willd. . . 181| goodyeroides, Hook.. 162 pectinata, Lindl.. . 188
acuifera, Wall. . . 146| gracillima, Hk. f. . 163| pelorioides, Par. &

acuminata, Thw.. . 133| gracilis, Coleb. . . 166 Rchb.f. . . . . 166
afünis, Don . . . 166| graminea, Lindl.. . 151| peristyloides, Wt. . 156
affinis, Wt. . - 149| graminea, A. Rich. . 150| Perrottetiana,4.Rich.
Aitchisoni, Rchb. f. 152| granditlora, Lindl. . 136 164
andamanica, Hk. f.. 134| Griffithii, Hk. f. . . 197| plantaginea, Lindl. . 141
arcuata, Hk. f. . . 155| hamigera, Griff. . . 149 | platyphylla, Spr.. . 140
arietina, Hk. f. . . 138| Hamiltoniana, Hk.f.160 polyodon, Hk. f.. . 189
aristata, Hk.f. . . 158| Helferij Hk.f. . . 164| Prainii, Hk. f. . . 159
avana, Hk.f.. . . 148| Heyneana, Lindl. . 148| promensis, Wall.. . 150
barbata, Wt. . . . 133| intermedia, Don. . 138, pterocarpa, Thw. . 145
bicornuta, Hk. f.. . 1956 jantha, Benth.. . . 164| pubescens, Lindl. . 144
brachyphylla, Aitch. Jerdoniana, Wt. . . 152 rariflora, A Rich. . 136
Hemsl. . . . 152| Josephi, Rchb. f.. . 152 | reniformis, Hir. 152
brachyphylla, Rchb. f.151| khasiana, Hk. f.. . 151 | rhynchocarpa, Hk. f. 145
Brandisii, Hk. f.. . 162| Kingii, Hk. f.. . . 144| Richardiana, Wt. . 139
breviloba, Hk. f.. . 159| lacertifera, Benth. . 163, robustior, Hk. f.. . 160
candida, Dalz. . . 148| laciniata, Dalz. . . 135| rostrata, Wall. . . 146
caranjensis, Dalz. . 166 latifolia, Lindl. . . 140 | rotundifolia, Lindl. . 136
cephalotes, Lindl. . 139 | latilabris, Hk. f.. . 153| Schischmareffiana,
chlorina, Par. & | Lawii, Hk. f. . . . 162) Cham. . . . 130

Rchb.f. . . 147,197; leptocaulon, Hk. f. . 154 | schizochilus, Grah. . 142
ciliolaris, Kranz. . . 144| Lindleyana, Steud. . 140 | — secundiflora, Hk. f. 165
commelinifolia, Wall. 143 | Lindleyana, Wt. . . 135 | sikkimensis, "Hk. f. . 155

concinna, Hk. f.. .155| linguella, Lindl.. . 146| spatulefolia, Par. &

constricta, Hk. f. . 161| Lobbii, Rchb. f. . . 166 Rchb.f. . . . 145
corymbosa, Par. ¥ | longibracteata, Hk.f.166| stenantha, Hi. f. . 153
Rchb.f. . . . 136| longicalcarata, | stenopetala, Lindi. . 134
crassifolia, A. Rich. 151|) Rich. . . . 141,197 Pstenopetala, Lindl, 145
crinifera, Lindl.. .142| longicorniculata, |! stenostachya, Benth. 156
cubitalis, Br.. . . 157, Grah.. . . . - 141| Stocksii, Hk. f. . . 158
decipiens, Hk. f. 165, 197 | longicornu, Lindl. suaveolens, Dalz. &
decipiens, Wt. . . 197 139, 197 | Gibs. . . 140
decipiens, Wt.. . . . 141 | longifolia, Ham.. . 141| subpubens, "A. Rich. 148
densa, Wall. . . . 183, lucida, Wall. . . . 133 | Susanne, Br.. . 137
dichopetala, Thw. . 136 | lutea, Benth. o 164 | Sutleri, Rchb. f.. . 152
digitata, Lindl. . . 134 | maer oceratitis, Rottl. 141 tenuicornis, Wall. . 149
diphylla, Dalz. . . 151) macrostachya, Lindl. 134, tenuis, Griff. . . . 150
ditricha, Hk. f. . . 151| malabarica, Hk. f. . 159 | tipulifera, Par. &
dolichostachya, Thw. 135| malleifera, Hk. f. 143 | Rchb.f. . 2 . 157
elliptica, Wt.. . . 147| Mandersii, Hemsl. & | torta, Hk. f. . . .159

ensifolia, Lindl. . . 137 Coll. . . . . 146 travancorica, Hk. f. 135
fimbriata, Wt. . . 139, marginata, Coleb. . 150, trichosantha, Wall. 138
flavescens, Hk. f. . 150| modesta, Dalz. . » triflora, Don. . . 142
Joliosa, A. Rich.. . 185 monophylla, Coll. y trifurcata, Hk.f. .148
furcifera, Lindl. . 149 Hemsl. . . trinervia, Wt.. . . 135
furfuracea, Hk. f. . 144| montana, A. Rich. 139 uniflora, Don. . . 166

fusifera, Hk. f. . 147| montana, Wt.. 141, EA uniflora, Daly. aan d
1 icata, Vidal . urceolata, Clarke .
galeandra, Benth. . 163| muricata, Vi vidua, Par. $ € 148

Gardneri, Hk. f.. . 158| Murtoni, Hk. f. ` 144

774

viridiflora, Br. . . 150
Wightii, Trim. . . 162
zosterostylis, Hk. f. 155
sp. Griff. . . 138
Haemaria, Lindl. 101, 179
discolor, Lindl. . . 101
Hematorchis altissima,

Bl . .... 89
HxMopoRACEE . . . 264
Halodule australis,Mig. 570
Halophila Beccarii,

Asch.. . , 570
Halostemma, Wall.. . 681

Hamatris triphylla,

Salisb. . 289 |
Hanguana, Bl. . 391 |
Hapale, Schott . . 521)
Hapaline, Schott . 521,

Benthamiana, Schott 521 |

Brownii, Hk. f. . 921
Haplostylis, Nees . 669
Meyenti, Nees . 668
Wightiana, Nees. . 669

Harina caryotoides,
0. . o « 419
nana, Griff. . . 420
oblongifolia, Griff. . 419
Hartwegia Nimmonii,

Dalz.. . . . . 336
Hasskarlia leucacantha,
Walp e. . . 485

Hedychium, Ken. . . 225
acuminatum, Rosc. . 227
album, Ham. . . . 225
angustifolium, Bot.

eg. . . . . . 282

angustifolium, Wall. 231

aurantiacum, Wall. 232

aureum, Clarke . . 229

barbatum, Wall.. . 231

bicornutum, Wall. . 227
cernuum, Wt.. . . 226
chrysoleucum, Hook. 226
coccineum, Ham. . 231
coccineum, Lindl. , 231
coccineum, Wall. 231, 232
coronarium, Ken. . 225
crassifolium, Baker. 228
densiflorum, Wall. . 227

elatum, Br. . 232
elatum, Clarke . 231
ellipticum, Ham. , 228
Elwesii, Baker . 226

jastigiatum, Wall. . 228
Slavescens, Lindl. . 297
Aavescens, Lodd.. . 227
flavum, Bot. Mag. . 226

flavum, Roxb.. . . 226

* Heleocharis, see also Eleocharis,

Page

Gandasulium, Ham. 225

Gardnerianum, Rosc. 230
Gardnerianum, Wall.

231, 232

Gomezianum, Wall. 228

gracile, Roxb. . 229
gracile, Wall. . . 229
gratum, Wall. . 232

Griffithianum, Wall. 229
heteromallum, Lindl. 230
Hookeri, Clarke . . 230
longicornutum, Griff.228
luteum, Herb.Calcut. 232
marginatum, Clarke 226

Prophete, Ham. . . 225
Roscoei, Wall. . 231
Rowburghii, Sieb. . 227
Steboldii, Wall.. . 227
speciosum, Wall, . 231
spicatum, Ham. . . 227
spicatum, Lodd. . . 225

Squarrosum, Buch. . 231
stenopetalum, Zodd. 231
sulphureum, Wall. . 226
thyrsiforme, Ham. . 230
Tocucho, Ham. . 230
trilobum, Wall. . . 227
urophyllum, Lodd. . 226

venustum, Wt. . 226
villosum, Wall. . . 228
sp. Griff. 225, 228
Hekorima candida,
Kunth . . 322

*Heleocharis, Lestib. . 627

alta, Boeck. . 630
atropurpurea,Boeck. 627
cespitosissima, Baker 629
capitata, Boeck.. . 628
Chetaria, Boeck. . 629
chlorocarpa, Boeck. . 629
fistulosa; Boeck. . . 627
Kuntzei, Boeck. . . 630
ochrostachys, Boeck. 629
ovata, Boeck.. . . 628
palustris, Boiss. . . 628
plantaginea, Boeck. 626
subprolifera, Boeck. 629
subulata, Boeck.. . 626
tetraquetra, Boeck. . 630
Thomsoni, Boeck. . 629
variegata; Boeck. . 626
Wichurai, Boeck. . 630

Hellenia alba, Willd. . 253

Allughas, Willd.. . 254
aquatica, Horan.. . 256
grandiflora, Retz. . 250
scabra, Bl. . . 256

Helmia bulbifera, Kunth 295
+ Hetzria, see also ZEtheria and Etæria.

Hemipilia, Lindl. .

Henosis, Hk. f. .
Heritiera alba, Retz. . 253

+Heteria, Bl.

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page
P demona, Kunth. . 289
P tomentosa, Kunth. 289

HEMEROCALLEZ. . . 300

Hemerocallis, Linn. . 326
disticha, Don . . 326
fulva, Linn. . 926
longttuba, Miq. . 927

Hemicarez, Benth. 694, 698
699

curvata, Clarke .
filicina, Clarke .
Hookeri, Clarke .
laza, Benth. . . 698
pygmea, Clarke . . 696
trinervis, Clarke 696, 712
sp. Benth.. . . . 712

` 696
` 695

Hemicarpha Isolepis,

Nees... . .

Hemiorchis, Kurz.. . 206

. 207

. 167

calophylla, Par. Ar
Rchb. fe.. . . 167
cordifolia, Lindl. . 167
177, 189

burmanica, Kurz.

Allughas, Retz. . . 254
aquatica, Retz. . . 256

Herminium, Linn. 128, 180

angustifolium, Benth. 129
congestum, Lindl. . 130
constrictum, Lindl. . 161

Duthiei, Hk. f. . 130
fallax, Hk. f. . ° es

fallax, Lindl. 8
goodyeroides, Lindl.. 161
gramineum, Lindl. . 131
grandiflorum, Lindl. 129

Hamiltonianum,
Lindl. ... à- 169
Josephi, Rchb. f.. . 12

longicruris, Wright . 129
Monorchis, Br. . 28
orbiculare, Hk. f. . 139
pugioniforme, Lindl. 1 2
reniforme, Lindl.. . 15
unalaschcense, Rchb.f. 139
sp. Grif. . 1

Herpysma, Lindl. 98, 17

i i imdl. .
longicaulis, L 114, 179
anomala, Lindl.. . 116
elata, Hk. fe - + > 197
elongata, Lindl. 116, 15
Gardneri, Benth . 11%
Helferi, Hk. f. . - 109
longifolia, Benth. . 115
ovalifolia, Benth. - 115
rubens, Benth. . -

————————

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

715

Page Page
Heterocarpus glaber, Wt. 371 Hyacinthus purpureus, E Hypoxis, Linn. . WH
hirsutus, Wt. . . .371 Griff. . . 9| aurea, Lour. . . .277
P obliquus, Hassk. . 372| serotinus, Linn. . . . 946 | brachystachya, Wt. . 279
Heterosmilaz, Kunth . 314 | Hyalisma janthina, | eurculigoides, Wall. . 278
indica, 4. DC. . . 314 Champ. . . . . 558 dulcis, Steud.. . 279
Heterostalis diversi iftia, | Hydroschoenus, Moritz. 597 Franquevillei, Mig. . 278
Schott . . . 510! kyllingioides, Zoll. & latifolia, Wt. . . 279
Soliolosa, Schott. . 510 Mor.. . . . . 597 leptostachya, Wt.. . 279
Huegeliana, Schott . 510 | Hylophila, Lindl. 110, 179, minor, Don . . 278
Hitchenia, Wall. - 224 lanceolata, Hk. f. . 110, pauciflora, Wt. . 279
Careyana, Benth. . 220 | mollis, Lindl.. . .110| Saarpata, Ham. . . 278
caulina, Baker . . 224 | Hymenocallis tenuiflora, | trichocarpa, Wt. . . 279
glauca, Wall.. . . 224 Herb. . . . .286 Hysteria, veratrifolia,
musacea, Baker . . 225 Hymenochate grossa, Reinw. . . 91
Roscoeana, Benth. . 216 | Nees . .
Holoschenus australis, | Kysoor, Nees . . * 660 | Tguanura, Bl.. . 415
Reichb. . . 655 | masima, Nees . . 660, bicornis, Becc. . 417
filiformis, Reichb. . 655 | Hypelyptum, Grif. . 603 | brevipes, Hk. f. . 416
incurvatus, Dietr. . 656| argenteum, Vahl. . 667, corniculata, Becc. . 417
subarticulatus, Dietr. 656| ceylanicum, Nees . 667 diffusa, Bece. . . 416
vulgaris, Link. . . 655 microcephalum, Br. . 668 geonomeformis,
Homalomena, Schott . 581| ` sphacelatum, Vabl . 667 Mart. . . 415
angustifolia, Hk. f. . 533 | Hypelytrum, see Hypo- | malaccensis, Becc. . 416
aromatica, Schott . 532 lytrum. | parvula, Bece.. . 417
corulescens, Jungh. 533 | HYPOLYTREE . 587, polymorpha, Becc. . 417
cordata, Schott . . 582 | Hypolytrum, L.C. Rich. 677, Wallichiana, Hk. f. . 416
Indeterminata, Wall, . 299

deltoidea, Hk. f.. . 536| borneense, Kurz.. . 680|
elliptica, Hk. f. . . 536 compactum, ? Moritz.
Gaudichaudii, Schott 532 costatum, Thw. . . 684|
Griffithii, Hk. f. . . 534| diandrum, Dietr. . 678)
humilis, Hk. f- . . 538| giganteum, Nees. . 678
Kingii, Hk. f. . . . 535| giganteum, Wall.. . 678
lancifolia, Hk. f. . 533| humile, Boeck. . . 682
majus, Griff. . . . 533 latifolium, Z.C.Rich. 678 |
minus, Griff. . . . 538 latifolium, Dietr. . 678 |
nutans, Hk. f. . . 535| latifolium, Thw. . . 679
obliquata, Hk. f.. . 534 longirostre, Ttw. . 679
ovata, Hk. f. . . . 536; mauritianum, Boeck. 678 |
paludosa, Hk. f.. . 531; myrianthum, Miq. . 678 |
pontederzfolia,Grif.533| | Pandanophyllum,

? propinqua, Schott. 531 F. Muel. . .

pumila, Hk. f.. . . 535| penangense, Clarke. 679 |
rostrata, Griff. . . 532| proliferam, Boeck. . 679
rubescens, Kunth . 532| schanoides, Nees . 678
rubra, Hassk.. . . 532| triceps, Dietr.. . 667
sagittæfolia, Jungh. 531 trinervium, Kunth . 679
Scortechinii, Hk. f. 534| turgidum, Clarke . 679
singaporensis, Regel 037, Wightianum, Boeck. 678
trapezifolia, Hk. f. . 586 sp. Wall. 662, 678, 680
truncata, Hk.f. . . 535 Huypoporum, Nees . . 685
velutina, Scort. . 534, annulare,Nees . . 687
Wallichii, Schott . 538| capitatum, Nees. . 689

Hornstedtia Leonurus, | gracile, Nees . . . 685
Retz. . . . . . 286) lithospermum, Nees. 685
Scyphus, Retz. . . 237, Rozburghii, Nees. . 686
Hura siamensium, Kon.205|HrrOXIDEE . . . 277
Hyacinthorchis varia- Hypeczidopsis pumila, `
bilis, Bl.. . Stenad. . . . . 357,

fragrans, Klatt

682 | | Ioniris Doniana, Klatt 272
. 272

Pallasii, Klatt . . 272
triflora, Klatt . . 272
Iphigenia, Kunth . 957
caricina, Kanth . . 357
indica, Kunth. . 957
pallida, Baker . 35
racemosa, Kunth 357
Ipsea . 178
IRIDEE . . 271
| Iridiorchis g Jigantea, Bl. 12
| Iris, Linn. . 271
Aitchisoni, Boiss. 272
aurea, Lindl. 273
biylumis, Vahl . 272
Clarkei, Baker 275
crocea, Jacq. 273
decora, Wall. . . . 274
deflexa, Knowl. &
Weste. . 275
Doniana, Spach . 272
Duthieii, M. Fost. 275
ensata, Thunb. 272
fragrans, Lindl. 272
gilgitensis, Baker . 274
goniocarpa, Baker . 274
halophila, Bot. Mag. 272
Hookeriana, M. Fost. 275
kashmiriana, Baker. 275
Kingiana, M. Fost. . 274

776

Page

kumaonensis, Wall. 274

longifolia, Royle .

. 276

longispatha, Fisch. . 272

Milesii, M. Fost..

. 273

Moorcroftiana, Wall. 272

nepalensis, Don .
nepalensis, Don >.

. 273
. 276

nepalensis, Wall. 275, 276

Notha, M. Bieb. .
pabulina, Naud. .
Pallasii, Fisch. .

. 272
. 272
. 272

Sisyrinchium, Linn. 272

spuria, Linn. . . 272
Stocksii, Boiss. . 272
sulcata, Wall. . . 274
tigrina, Jacq. . . 274
triflora, Balbis . 272
Wattii, Baker . . 273
Isolepis, Br. . . 654
ambigua, Zoll. . 656
angularis, Roem. &
Sch... . . 644
articulata, Nees . . 656
barbata, Br. . 651
bispicata, Roem. &
Sch. g . 634
capillaris, Don . 652
cochleata, Steud.. . 632
complanata, Roem.
& Sch. . . . . 646
coronaria, Roem. &
Sch. . . . . . 619
corymbosa, Roem. &
Sch. . . Gë
Cumingii, Steud. . 652
curvata, Zoll. . . 653

eurvifolia, Schrad. . 636

curvula, Kunth .

. 653

densa, Roem. & Sch. 652
dipsacea, Roem.& Sch. 635

dura, Moritz. .

. 643

echinulata, Kunth . 606
elachista, Roem. &

Sch

. 635

falcata, Roem & Sch. 647

Buttons, Br.

. 653

globulosa, Roem. &

Sch. 2.
gracilis, Nees .
inclinata, Barb. .
incurvata, Nees .

, 645
. 653
. 657
. 656

involucellata, Steud. 652
kyllingioides, A. Rich. 662
longispica, Steud. . 649

lupulina, Nees
mamma, Dietr. .

Micheliana. Roem. &
Ber" v uos

. 657

. 660
. 662

Ixia chinensis, Linn. .

Page
miliacea, Presl. . . 644
monostachya, Spr. . 634

oligantha, C.A.Meyer 654
oryzetorum, Steud. . 656
P pentagona, Roem.

& Sch. . 644
prolongata, Nees . 656
puberula, Steud. . . 653

pubescens, Roem. &
Sch. . . . . 665
pumila, Roem. & Sch. 654

rariflora, Schrad. . 634
Roylei, Nees . 657
setacea, Br. . 654

squarrosa, Roem. &
Sch. . . . 663
subtristachya, Hochst.652
supina, Br.. . 655
tenuissima, Don . . 652
P tetragona, Roem. E
Sch. . . . . . 644
trichokolea, Steud. . 652
trifida, Nees . 652
uncinata, Roem. &

Sch. . . . . . 666
uninodis, Delile . . 656
verrucifera, Max.. . 635

Wallichiana, Roem.

& Sch. . 651
Willdenowii, Roem.

& Sch. . . . . 646
sp. Wall. 398, 596, 605,

627, P628, 629, ?631, |
632, 633, 634, 635, 637, |

640, 641, 649, 652, 662,
663.
277

Jocaste albiflora, Kunth 323 |

benghalensis, Kunth 398
bracteatus, Buchen. 397
bufonius, Linn. . . 392
campestris, Linn. . 401
castaneus, Hf. & T. . 398

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page
chrysocarpus, Buchen.394
Clarkei, Buchen.. . 400
communis, E. Mey. . 392
compressus, Jacq. . 393
concinnus, Don . . 399
concinnus, Hf. & T.. 398
effusus, Linn. . . . 992
effusus, Steud. . . 993
elegans, Royle . . 399
glaueus, Ehrh. . . 393
Grisebachii, Buchen. 894
himalensis, Klotzsch 398
Hoffmeisteri, Klotzsch 898
indicus, Royle . 896
khasianus, Buchen.. 399
lampocarpus, Ehr. . 395
leptospermus,

REN 2... 896
Leschenaultii, J.Gay 395
leucanthus, Royle . 3
leucomelas, Royle . 397
maritimus, Lamk. . 393
membranaceus, Royle 397
minimus, Buchen. . 400
monticola, Steud. . 396
nematocaulon, Hk. f.
ochraceus, Buchen. - 394
plumosus, Wall. .
prismat: carpus, Br.
punctorius, Linn. J.
scirpoides, Jacq. » >
sikkimensis, Hk. f. -
sinensis, J. Gay -
sphacelatus, Decne..
sphenostemon,

Buchen.. . * *
tenuis, Willd.. - - en
Thomsoni, Buchen. . 306
triglumis, Linn... -
unibracteatus, Griff. 396

purpurea, Kunth . 323. — Wallichianus, La 396
Josephia . . . . 178. Harpe `, Vue 658
JUNCACEEX . . . 392 zebrinus, Gard. pes 399
Juncellus, Kunth . . 594, sp. Wall. 396,999,

alopecuroides, Clarke 595 | . . 218

inundatus, Clarke . 595 Kæmpferia, Linn. " ` 921

levigatus, Clarke . 596 Andersoni, Baker 19

Monti, Rottb.. . 610 angustifolia, Rose -

pygmeus, Clarke . 596 candida, Wall. - : 921

serotinus, Clarke . 594. concinna, Baker ` 992

stylosus, Clarke. . 595, Crawfurdt, Wall * 220
Juncus, Linn. . . . 392 | diversifolia, Link. . 222

articulatus, Linn. . 395| elegans, Wall. - * 219

Galanga, Linn. + *
Galanea, Willd. - 219
humilis, Salisb. - - :
involucrata, King : 2
linearis, Wall. -

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

777

Page Page Paye
longa, Jacq. . . 222| angustifolia, Miq. . 476 ovata, Thw. . 495
macrochlamys, Baker 223 echinometra, Becc. . 474 | Thwaitesii, Engler . 496
marginata, Carey . 219| ferox, Becc. . . 476 toxicaria, Dalz. . . 495
ovalifolia, Roxb.. . 219| flagellaris, Miq. . . 476 Lamprocarpus thyrsi-
ovata, Roxb. . 220| laciniosa, Mart. . . 475| florus, Bl. . . 967
pandurata, Rowb. . 220, Lobbiana, H. Wendl. 475 , Lamprodithyros panicu-
Parishii, Hk. f. . 220| polystachya, Mart. . 476 latus, Hassk. . 390
‘parviflora, Wall. . 221| rostrata, Bl. . . 475 | protensus, Hassk. . 382
parvula, King . . 223 scaphigera, Mart. . 475 Lampuzium minus,
plantaginifolia, Salisb.219 scaphigera, Kurz . 475 | Rumph. . . 249
Prainiana, King . . 220| Scortechinii, Becc. . 475 | Languas aquaticum,
Roscoeana, Wall. . 220| tenuissima, Bece. . 476 | Koen.. . 256
Roscoei, Wall. . . 221| wallichiefolia, H. sylvestre, Ken. 256
rotunda, Linn. . . 222 Wendl. . . 475| culgare, Ken. 253
Rozburghiana,Schult.219 Kyllinga, Rottb. . 587 | Lasia, Lour. . 550
scaposa, Benth. . . 224| albescens, Steud.. . 667 desciscens, Schott 550
secunda, Wall. . 223| biglumis, Clarke. . 622 Hermanni, Schott . 550
sessilis, Koen. . . 219 brevifolia, Rottb. . 588 heterophylla, Schott 550
sikkimensis, King . 223| brevifolia ? Heyne . 587 Jenkinsii, Schott 550
siphonantha, King . 222| brevifolia, Nees . . 588 Rozburghii, Grift. 550
speciosa, Baker . . 220| brevifolia, Rottb.. . 620| spinosa, Thw.. . 550
undulata, Link. . 219 bulbosa, Koen. . 620 Zollingeri, Schott. 550
versicolor, Salisb. . 222| cruciata, Nees . 588 Ledebouria hyacinthina,
Katon Indel, Ham.. . 425| cylindrica, Nees . . 588 Roth. . . . . 348
Kentia paradoza, Mart. 411| cyperina, Retz. . 621| maculata, Dalz. . 348
Keppleria, sp. Mart. . 418| cyperoides, Roxb. 25 | Lemna, Linn. . 556
Kobresia, Willd. . 694| fuscata, Miq. . . . 588| arrhiza, Linn.. . 558
angusta, Clarke . . 695| fuscescens, Boeck. . 588| cruciata, Roxb. . aal
brunnescens, Boeck. 697 | gracilis, Kunth . 588| gibba, Linn. . So
capillifolia, Clarke . 697 | gracilis, Zoll. . . . 589 globosa, Roxb. . on
curvirostris, Clarke. 699 intermedia, Br. . 588 major, Griff. . Se
Duthiei, Clarke . . 697| melanosperma, Nees 588| minor, Linn. . Ze
elata, Boeck. . . 697| Metzii, Steud.. . 589| minor, Griff . 556
filicina, Clarke . . 696| microcephala, Steud. 662| obcordata, am. ` 358
filifolia, Clarke . 699 mindorensis, Steud. . 589 oligorrhiza, j we 557
fissiglumis, Clarke . 696 | monocephala, Rottb. 588 orbiculata, | 2 Ineo
foliosa, Clarke 696 | monocephala, Nees . 587 pancicos Se ege ges
Hookeri, Boeck. . . 695| monocephala, Strach. 589| polyrr im, inn. . Se
hyalinolepis, Boeck. 701| monocephala, Thunb. 588 _trisulca, inn. 557
laxa, Boeck. . . 698| monocephala, Vahl . 619 | sp. Griff. Pea
macrantha, Boeck. . 699 panicea, Rottb. . 621 De - anl
nitens, Clarke eor sororia, Kunth . . se (ens, BL. f 19
seudo-lara, Benth. sororia, Miq. . . .
bygmoa, Clarke . 696 | squamulata, Vahl . 589 | Duro ut Ke
Royleana, Boeck. 698, triceps, Rottb. . 5S7 KEN 2. Zus 676
Royleana, Hend. . 697 | triceps, Linn. . 589, Deae n. Noes 674
schoenoides, Boeck. . 697| triceps, Thunb. . 588 | IL zeyla aE. di Rich ` 684
schenoides, Hend. . 698| umbellata, Rottb. . 622 epironia, Mi ` va
scirpina, Boeck. . . 697, umbellata, Roxb. 621,622, bancana, Miq. . ep
i i : , ta, Zoll. ° 588! ceylanica, Miq. . -
seticulmis, Boeck. . 695 vagina ta, Y ridata, Miq. ` 683
seticulmis, Boeck. . 696 p. Wall. 620 | " "Pin Miq. . ` ^ 683
sibirica, Boeck. . 697 “387, 588, 589, 597, ucronata, L. C. Rich. 684
stenocarpa, Clarke . 608 | Kyllingia, see Kyllinga palus tris, Miq. "ep
trinervis, Boeck.. .
uncinoides, Clarke . 698 Lagenandra, Dalz.. * 196 | Leptolepis 1 tibetica, 660, 712
vaginosa, Clarke. . 695| insignis, Trim. e Leucocasia ' sigantea,
Korthalsia, Bl. . . . 474| Koenigii, Thw. sl Schott |
andamanensis, Becc. 475| lancifolia, Thw. . . 496 | Dot

778

Page |

Leucocephala gramini-
folia, Roxb. . . 582
spathacea, Roxb.. . 578
Leucojum capitulatum,
Lour. . .

Lewcorchis, Bl. . 121
sylvatica, Bl. . . . 122
Leucostachys, Hoffm. . 111
Licuala, Thunb. . . 430
acutifida, Mart. . . 433
ferruginea, Becc. . 432
glabra, Grif. . . 432
horrida, Bl. . 431
Kingiana, Becc. . . 434

Kunstleri, Becc.. . 433
longipes, Griff. . . 431
malayana, Becc. . . 431
modesta, Becc. . . 433
paludosa, Griff. . . 430
paludosa, Kurz . . 431
peltata, Roxb. . 430
pusilla, Becc. . 433
ramosa, Bl.. . . 431
Scortechini, Becc. . 434
spinosa, Wwrmb.. . 431
triphylla, Griff. . . 432
Liliacea, Griff. . . 855
LILIACEE . . 299°
Lilium, Linn. . . 949
Bakerianum, Hemsl. 350
Batisua, Ham. . 950
cordifolium, Don . 349
claptonense, Hort. . 351
giganteum, Wall. . 349
Hookeri, Baker . . 852
longiflorum, Wall. . 350
longifoliwm, Griff. . 352

Lowii, Baker . . 950
Metzii, Steud. . . 950
nanum, Klotzsch. . 352

neilgherrense, Wt. . 350
neilgherrense, Hemsl.

& Coll. . . 851
neilgherricum,

Lem. . . . . . 350
nepalense, Don . . 350
nepalense, Coll. &

Hemsl. . . . . 350
ochroleucum, Wall. . 351
oxypetalum, Baker . 353
polyphyllum, Don . 351
primulinum, Baker . 351
punctatwm, Jacq. . 351
roseum, Wall. . 352
roseum, Wall. . . 952
Styloswm, Klotzsch . 351

sulphureum, Baker . 351 |

Thomsonianum, Royle352

( Page
Thomsonianum, Ldl. 352
tubiflorum, Wt. . 350
Wallichianum,

Schultes f. . 949
Wallichianum, Wt. . 350

Limmochloa, Lestib. . 628
acutangula, Nees . 627
media, Nees . 627

plantaginea, Nees . 626
spiralis, Nees . . 627
tumida, Nees . . 626
Limnophyton, Mig. . 560
obtusifolium, Mig. . 560
Limodorum angusti-
folium, Ham. . 13
bicallosum, Ham. . 196

bicolor, Roxb.. . . 2

bidentatum, Willd. . 197
candidum, Roxb. . 18
clavatum, Willd. . 66

complanatum, Willd. 41
dubiwn,Ham. . . 4
ensatum, Thunb.. .
epidendroides, Willd. 1
Flos-acris, Sw. .
liliiflorum, Willd.

longifolium, Ham. 12
longifoliwm, Roxb. 13
nutans, Roxb.. . 16
pusillum, Willd.. 37

ramentaceum, Roxb. 4
recurvum, Roxb. .
retusum, Sw. .
roseum, Don

spathulatum, Willd. 51
subulatum, Willd. 44
virens, Sw.. . . . 1
Limogeton sp. Edgew. 564
Liparis decursiva,
Rchb. f.. 183

diphyllos, Nimmo

Dolabella, Hk. f. 183
gracilis, Hk. f. 182
latifolia, Lindl. 182
nervosa, Lindl. 182
paradoxa, Rchb. f. . 181
Parishii, Hk. f. 182
resupinata, Ridl. 183
robusta, Hk. f. . . 182
Scortechinii, Hk.f. . 192
serreformis, Lindl. . 41
tenuifolia, Hk. f. 182
torta, Hk. f. 182
Wrayii, Hk. f. 181

|_ zeylanica, Ridl.. . 183
Lipocarpha, Br. . . 667
| argentea, Br.. . . 667
| foliosa, Mio . . . 677

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page
levigata, Nees . . 667
microcephala, Kunth 668
microcephala, Hance. 663
sphacelata, Kunth . 667
triceps, Nees . 667

Zollingeriana, Boeck. 668
sp. Wall. 587, 602, 667
Liriope spicata . . , 270
Listera, Br. . 103, 180
micrantha, Lindl. . 104
ovata, Br. . . . .104
pinetorum, Lindl. . 104
reniformis, Don . 152
tenuis, Lindl.. . 104
Livistona, Br. 434
chinensis, Br. . 434
cochinchinensis,
Mart... , 434
Diepenhorstüi, Teysm. 436

Jenkinsiana, Grif. -

Kingiana, Becc. . . 439
sinensis, Mart. m
speciosa, Kurz . pe
spectabilis, Griff... 4 1
Lloydia, Salisb. . 36 H
alpina, Salisb. 3 K

himalensis, Royle
kunawarensis, Royle

i 354
longiscapa, Hook.
serotina, Rchb. 354

Lontanus domestica, si

Rumph. . - -
Lophiocarpus guaya-
mensis, Mich. - +

Lowia, Scortech. oi
longiflora, Scort.
Loxococcus, H. Wendl. m

Ben H. Wal. £ ns
Dr.. + + «Ay Jol
Ludisia discolor, Lindl. vs
Luisia, Gaud. 22, Za
alpina, Lindl.

antennifera, Bl.. 2
bicaudata, Thw. - 24
Birchea, Bl. MN 28
brachystachys, Bl. 55
brachystachys, Reh "" 29
burmanica, Lin ° 23
filiformis, Hk.f- + 95
Grovesll, e
macrotis, Rchb. f. +
micrantha, Hk. f. : 25
microptera, Rchb. f. 22
platyglossa, Rohb
primulina, Par. 24
Rchb. f. + - 924

Psyche, Rchb. f.- -

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 779

Page Page
retusa, Rehb. f. . . 23| Maranta caespitosa, A. g Merendera, Ramond P 356
tenuifolia, Bl. . . 24 Dietr.. . . . .259| Aitchisoni, Hk. E . 357
teretifolia, Gaud. . 22| dichofoma, Wall. . 258 persica, Boiss. g
teretifolia, Rehb.f.. 23 Galanga, Linn. . . 258 Kotsch. . . . . 357
trichorhiza, Bi . . 23| grandis, Miq.. . . 258| Mesoclastes brachysta-
trichorhiza, Lindl. . 23| imbricata, A. Dietr. 259 chys, Lindl.. . 23
tristis, Ak. f.. . . 25| malaccensis, Burm. . 255 wniflora, Lindl. . . 44
uniflora, Bl. . . . 44| parviflora, A. Dietr. 259 Mesodactylus ` defleza,

volucris, Lindl. . . 25 Placentaria, A. Dietr. 259 Wall. . 175
zeylamica, Lindl.. . 22 ramosissima, Wall. . 258 Metachilum cyathiferum,
zeylanica, Thw.. . 24 spicata, Thw.. . . 260 Lindl.. 83
Luzula, DC.. . . . 401| virgata, Wall. . . 258| Methonica Doniana,
358

campestris, DC.. . 401| MaRANTEE . . . . 200 Kunth . . ..
effusa, Buchen. . . 401| Mariscus, Vahl. . . 619 superba, Lamk. . . 358
Forsteri, H.f. & T. . 401 albescens, Gaud. . 623 | Metroxylon, Rottb.. . 481
plumosa, E. Meyer . 401| biglumis, Gaert.. . 622| inermis, Mart. . . 481
Spicata, DC. . . . 401| bulbosus, Clarke. . 620| Rumphii, Mart. . . 481
capitatus, Zoll. . . 677| Sagus, Rottb.. . . 481
corymbosus, Boeck. . 622 | Micropera, Dalz. . . 55
Macherina, Vahl . . 674| cyperinus, Vahl . . 621| Micropera, Lindl. . . 33
restioides, Vahl . . 674| cyperinus, Nees 621, 622| muculata, Dalz. . a 64
i . 36, 67

Macr ocladus sylvicola, cyperoides, Dietr. . 625| pallida, Lindl.
Griff. . . 423| dilutus, Nees . . . 624| pallida, Wall.. . 36
Macrolomia bracteata, Dregeanus, Kunth . 620| viridiflora, Dalz.. . 63
Nees . . 694| ferax, Clarke. . . 624 | Microsaccus, Bl. . . 77
Macrostigma, tupis- giganteus, Boeck. . 624| javensis, Bl. . . . 77
troides, Kunth. . 325| Hookerianus, Clarke 623| virens, Hk.f.. . . 77
Macrostylis disticha, irroratus, Nees . . 620| Microschonus, Clarke 675
Breda . . 91| ischnos, Clarke . . 623| Duthiei, Clarke . . 675
Malacochete littoralis, kyllingieformis, Microstylis crenulata, df
idl...

Nees . . . . . 659 Boeck. . . . .620
pectinata, Nees . . 659| microcephalus, Presl.624 | Mischospora efoliata,
Malavis cernua, Willd. 17| paniceus, Vahl . . 620 Boeck, . . . . 631
latifolia, Bl. . . .182| fpaniceus, Strach. . 622| Moliniera ` capitulata,
lunata, Bl. . . . .180| pictus, Nees . . . 621 Herb. . . . .278
nervosa, Swartz . . 182| pictus, Nees . . . 620| crassifolia, Baker . 279
nutans, Willd. . . 16] Pullu, Steud. . . 621| Finlaysoniana, Baker 279
Mantisia, Sims . . . 200 Sieberianus, Nees . 622 gracilis, Kurz. . . 278
saltatoria, Sims . . 200 squarrosus, Clarke . 623 latifolia, Kurz . . 280
spathulata, Schult. . 201| sundaicus, Miq. . . 621| plicata, Colla . . 278
Mapania, Aubl.. . . 680 tenuifolius, Schrad.. 622| plicata, Kurz. . . 280
andamanica, Clar ke . 681 umbellatus, Moritz. . 621 recurvata, Herb. , . 278
bancana, Benth. & umbellatus, Vahl. . 622| sumatrana, Herb. . 280
Wallichianus, Kunth 621 | Monochilus affine,Lindl. l- 109

Hk. £.. .. . 680
humilis, Nav. § Vill. 683| sp. Wall. 618, 620, 621,| afinis, Wt. .
hypolytroides, Benth. 680 622, 624 | flabellatus, Wt. . . 106
immersa, Benth.. . 682 | MEDEOLEE . 301| flavum, Wall. . 108
galeatus, Lindl. . . 107

Kurzii, Cl . . 681| Medora ` divaricata, €
longa, Clarke . . 683 Kunth . . . 323 longilabre, Lindl. . 108
lucida, N. E. Br.. . 683| Meistera, Giseke . 237 nervosum, Wall. 0. 108
. 682 lanthacee, Grif.. . 3 regium, Lindl. . .
multispicata, Clarke. 682 | Melanthacee, Mo hori Pres. ` 362

. 681 | Melanthium caricinum,
Ponda tha, ° "Roth . . 957 | dilatata, Kunth . . 362

Pand llum, Sch. .
& ae id MAN 680| hyacinthoides, "Herb. hasteefolia, Presl. . 362
Madr.. . . . . 348| hastata, Xolms . .362

linearis, Miq.. . . 363

silhetensis, Clarke . Ge .
tenuiscapa, Clarke . indicum, Linn. . . 357
Wallichii, Clarke . E nudum, Heyne . . 348| pauciflora, Kunth &

zeylanica, Benth. . 682| racemosum, Roth . 357 | Miq. . . . . . 363

780

Page
sagittata, Kunth. . 362
vaginalis, Presl . . 363
Monolophus elegans,
Wall.. . . . . 222
linearis, Wall. . 228
scaposus, Dalz. . 224
secundus, Wall. . . 228
Monstera decursiva,
Schott . . 547
gigantea, Schott. . 548

glauca, C. Koch . . 547
Peepla, Schott . . 545
pinnatifida, Schott . 549
Monti, Bonon. . 594
** Moorva,” As. Res. . 271
Morea chinensis, Murr. 277
Mosr . . . . . 271
Morisia Wallichii, Nees 668
Murdannia tuberosa,
Royle. . 976
Musa, Linn. . . . 261
assamica, Hort. Bull. 263

aurantiaca, Mann . 263
Cliffortiana, Linn. . 262
coccinea, Andr. . . 263
dasycarpa, Kurz. . 263
glauca, Roxb. . . 262
Mannii, Wendl. . . 268
nepalensis, Wall. . 261
ornata, Roxb. . . 263
rosacea, Jacq. . 263
sanguinea, Hk. f. . 263
sapientum, Linn. . 262
superba, Rozb. . 261
textilis, Grah. . 261

uranoscopos, Lour.. 263

velutina, Wendl.. 263
Muscari bootanense,

Grif.. . . 299

Maps . . 200

Myoda rufescens, Lindl. 101
Myrialgpis, Becc. . 480
Scortechini, Becc. .
Myrmechis glabra, Bl.. 98
Mystacidium, Lindl. . 78
zeylanicum, Lindl.. 78

NAIADACE®

Naias Iann.. . .
dichotoma, Roxb. .
falciculata,4.Braun 569
fucoides, Griff.

1 569
graminea, Dei. . 569
heteromorpha, Grif. 570
indica, Cham.. . . 569
major, Allioni . . 569
minor, Allioni . 569
muricata, Del. £69

Page |
rigida; Griff. . . 970 |
seminuda, Griff. . . 569
semistipula, Balb. . 569
spinosa, Ham. . . 569

tenuis, d. Br. . . 576
ternata, Roxb. . . 569
Nannorhops, H. Wdl. 429
Ritchieana, H. Wal. 429
NARTHECIEE . . 301
Nectarobothrium
striatum, Ledeb. . 354
Nenga, H. Wendl. Ar
Drude . . 412
gracilis, Becc. . . 407
macrocarpa, Scort. . 412
pumila, Wendl. . . 412
Wendlandiana, Scheff.412
Nengella paradoxa,

Becc.. . . . 411
Neottia, Linn. 103, 180
amana, Bieb. . . 102
australis, Br. . . 12
crispata, Bl. . 102
flexuosa, Smith . 102
Lindleyana, Dene . 108
listeroidea, Lindl. . 103
macrophylla, Don . 130
monophylla, Don . 131

parviflora, Smith . 102

plantaginea, Don . 181
procera, Ker. . . 111
sinensis, Pers. . 102
strateumatica, Br. . 108
viridiflora, Bl. . . 96
NEOTTIEE£ . 88

Nephelaphyllum, Bl. . 192

grandiflorum, Hk. f. 192

nudum, Hk. f. . 192
Nervilia Aragouna,

Gaud. . 121

Neubeckia decora, Klatt 274

sulcata, Klatt . 274
Neuwiedia, Bl. . . . 175
Curtisii, Rolfe . . 175
Griffithii, Rchb. f. . 176
Lindleyi, Rolfe . . 175
Nipa, Wurmb. . 424
fruticans, Wurmb. . 424

Nolina? javanica, Hassk.336
Notholirion macro-
phyllum, Boiss. . 352
roseum, Wall.. . . 352
Nothoscordium Sulvia,
Kunth . . . . 337

Oberonia angustifolia
Lindl. ae
caulescens, Lindl. . 180

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page
ciliolata, Hk. f. . . 180
insectifera, Hk. f. . 180
iridifolia, Lindl.. . 180
lunata, Lindl.. . . 180
Mannii, Hk. f. . 180

pachyrachis, Rchb.f. 181
rosea, Hk. f. . . - 180
Odontochilus, Bl. 98, 179
brevistylis, Hk. f. . 100
calcaratus, Hk. f. . 99
Clarkei, Hk. f. . 100
crispus, Hk. f. . . 99
Elwesii, Clarke . . 100
flavus, Benth. . . 101
grandiflorus, Benth. 10
lanceolatus, Benth.. 101
macranthus, Hk. f.. 98
pectinatus, Hk. f. . 99

pumilus, Hk. f. . - 99
(Eceoclades flexuosa,
Lind. . . .. 72

aniculata, Lindl. . 58
Dsilla, Lindl. . . 97
Retzii, Lindl.. . - 97
tenera, Lindl.. . . 78

Conia ? alata, A. Rich. 73

Olyra malaccensis, Koen. 688
orientalis, Lour. . 685

Oncosperma, Bl.
cambodianum, Hance 414

fasciculata, Thw. . 415
filamentosa, Bl. . - 414
horrida, Scheff. . 415
OPHIOPOGONEX . . 264
Ophiopogon, Ker . - 267
brevifolius, Royle 324
Clarkei, Hk. f. > > 268

dracsnoides, Hk. f. 268
Griffihii, Hk. f. - -
indicus, Royle
indicus, Rottl. 9
indicus, Wt. . . . 26
intermedius, Don
japonicus, Gawl.. -
Taponicus, Wall. 268, 269
longifolius, Decne . ^
Malcolmsoni, Royle . 269
micranthus, Hk. f. - pti
minor, Royle . + - 27

mollis, Royle . . in
mollis, Royle . . pes
? pallidus, Wall.. - os
? pallidus, Wall. -

prolifera, I . 270
reptans, Hk.f. - -
spicatus, Ker-Gawl. i
Wallichianus, Hk. f. "T
Ophiria paradora, Bece

INDEX OF GENERA, SPEOIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page

OPHRYDEE . . 126,177
Ophrys Monorchis, Linn. 128
nervosa, Thunb. . 182
Orania, Zippel. . 423

macrocladus, Mart.. 423

nicobarica, Kurz. . 418
Orchidantha, N. E.

Brown . 204

ORcHIDEE. . . . . 1

Orchis, Linn. . . 126
altissima, Ham. . . 137
Chusua, Don . . 127
clavata, Heyne . 150

commelinifolia, Roxb. 143
cubitalis, Linn. . 157
gigantea, Sm. . 137
grandiflora, Heyne . 136
Hatagirea, Don . . 127
latifolia, Linn. . 127
leucantha, Ham. . . 16
longicornu, Heyne . 139
micranthema, Ham.. 160
mysorensis, Heyne
135,
obcordata, Don
pectinata, Sm.
plantaginea, Roxb. .
platyphyllos, Roxb. . 141
platyphyllos, Willd. 140
Rowburyhii, Pers. . 140
spathulata, Rchb. f. 127
Stracheyi, Hk. f. . 128
strateumatica, Linn.

103, 197

stylosanthes, Ham, . 143
Susanne, Heyne. . 104
Susanne, Linu. . 137
tenuis, Roiil. . .14
uniflora, Roxb. . . 167
viridiflora, Sw . . 150

Ornitharium striatu-

lum, Lindl. . 34

Ornithochilu-, Wall. 76, V79
eublepharum, Hance 76
fuscus, Wall. . 75
striatulus, Hert. Cale. 34

Ornithogalum jalcatum,

Wt. . . .. 836
indicum, Kven. . 334
indicum, R» m. . . 335
polyphyllum, Heyne 348
RONTIEÆ. . 492

Orsidice ample ricaulis,

Rchb. f.. . . -

Otandra cernua, Salisb. 17

Otochilus alba, Lindl. 195

Ouviranira undulata,

Edgew. . . . . 564

Page

Pachystoma . . 178
PALMEX . . 402
Pancratium, Linn. . . 285
biflorum, Rozó. . . 285
cambayense, Herb. . 286

longiflorum, Rozb. . 286
longiflorum, Herb. . 285
malabaricum, Thw.. 286

malabathricum, Herb. 285
parvum, Dalz. . 286
tiareflorum, Salisb. 285
trifloram, Rowb. . . 285
verecundum, Ait. . 285,
verecundum, Wt. . 286
zeylanicum, Linn. . 285
PANDANEE . 483
Pandanee, Wall. . 487
Pandanophylium,

Hassk. . . . 682
angustifolium, Kurz 683
costatum, Kurz . . 684
humile, Hassk. . . 683
humile, Zoll. . . 682
hypolytroides, F.

Muell. . . . . 680
immersum, Thw. . 683
Miquelianum, Kurz . 683
palustre, Boeck. . . 681
palustre, Hassk. . . 681
palustre, Kurz . . 682
Wendlandi, Gard.

Chr.. . . . . 683
zeylanicum, Kurz . 682
zeylanicum, Thw. . 682
Zippelianum, Kurz . 683

Pandanus, Linn. . 483
andamanensium, Kurz

485
albus, Hort. . . .486
atrocarpus, Griff. . 484

Candelabrum, Kurz. 485

caricosus, Spr. . . 484
caricosus, Miq. . . 484
ceylanicus, Solms. . 484
crassipes, Wall. . 484
fascicularis, Lam. . 485
foetidus, Roxb. . 483
furcatus, Ronk, . 484
furcatus, Hassk. . . 486

. 484

furcatus, Thw.

graminifolius, Kurz 486

horridus, Reinw. . 486
Houlletii, Carr. . . 486
humilis, Thw.. . 486

486

integrifolius, Lour..
Lais, Kurz. . . . 486
laevis, Rumph. . . 486
Leram, Jones. . . 486

781

Page
Leram, Kurz . . 485
Linnæi, Gaud. . . 486
leucacanthus, Hassk. 485
minor, Ham, . 485
odoratissimus, Roxb. 485
odoratus, Salisb. . . 485
ornatus, Kurz . 486
ovatus, Kurz . . 486
polycephalus, Linn. 487
Rheedii, Gand. . 485
spini fructus, Dennst. 484
turbinatus. Lodd. . 487
unguifer, Hk. f. . . 485
verus, Kurz . 485
Yvani, Solms . . . 487
sp. Wall. 484, 485
Papyrus corymbosus,
Nees... . . 618
dehiscens, Nees . 618
elatus, Nees . . . 618
latifolius, Willd.. . 619
Pangorei, Nees 612, 613
venustus, Nees . 618
venustus, Schrad. . 617
Paragnathis pulchella,
Spr. . 167
Pardanthus chinensis,
Ker . . . 277
nepalensis, Sweet . 277
Paris, Linn. . 962
Daisua, Ham.. . 962
imperialis, Jacq. . 362
polyphylla, Smith . 362
Pattonia macrantha,
Wt. . . 18
Peliosanthes, Andr. . 265
albida, Baker . . 267
Bakeri, Hk. f. . . 267
campanulata, Wall. . 266
courtallensis, Wf. . 266
Griffithii, Baker. . 266
humilis, Andr. . 266
humilis, Baker . 267
longifolia, Steud. . 266
macrophylla, Wall. . 266
neilgherriensis, Wt. 266
Teta, Andr. . 265
Teta, Wall. . 266
violacea, Wall. . . 266
violacea, Wall. . 265
Peristylus aristatus,
Lindl. . . 158
aristatus, Thw. . 158

brachyphyllus, A. Rich.159

brevilobus, Thw. . . 159
chloranthus, Lindl. . 163
constrictus, Lindl. . 161
elatus, Dalz. . 162

782

INDEX OF

Page

exilis, Wt.. . . 158
fallaz, Lindl. . 129

goodyeroides, Lindl. .
gracilis, Bl.

grandis, Bl. . . . 161
Hamiltonianus,Lindl.160
lancifolius, A. Rich. 160

Lawii, Wt.. . . 162
Parishii, Rchb. £ . 162 |
plantagineus, Lindl. 162
Richardianus, Wt. . 156 |
robustior, Wt.. . . 160.
spiralis, A, Rich. . 159

Petilium imperiale, J.
St. Hil. . . . 354

Phajus albus, Lindl. . 192
Bensoniea, Hemsl. . 192
maculatus, Lindl. . 192
nanus, Hk. f.. . . 192)
Wallichii, Lindl. . 191 |

Phakellanthus multi-

florus, Zoll.. . . 676

Phalenopsis, Bl. 29,178

antenmfera, Rchb.f. 31
cornu-cervi, Par. $
Rchb. f. .
Esmeralda, Rchb. f. 31
fuscata, Rchb. f.. . 31
Kunstleri, Hk.f.. . 30
Lowii, Rchb. f. .
Mannii, Rchb.f.. . 30
Parishii, Rchb. f.. . 31
speciosa, Rchb. f.
tetraspis, Rchb. f. .
violacea, Teysm. &
Binn.. . . . . 29
Phalangium | Adenan-

thera, Poir. . 337
alatum, Ham. . 333
alatum, Wall.. 334
attenuatum, Wt.. . 335
falcatum, Wall. . 336
indicum, Kunth . . 335
nepalense, Lindl.. . 335,
niveum, Poiret . 936
oligospermum, Wt. . 336
ornithogaloides,

Schweinf. . 334 |
? parviflorum, Wt. . 336
tuberosum, Dalz. E

Gibs.. . . 335
tuberosum, Wt. . 334

PHILODENDREZ . . . 491
Philodendron ? pere-
grinum, Kunth . 526
PHILYDRACE.E . . 963
Philydrum, Banks . . 363

lanuginosum, Banks . 363

GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
Page
PHENICEX . 404
Phenicoidea, Griff. . . 425
Phoenix, Linn. . 424
acaulis, Bueh.. . 426
acaulis, Miq. . 427

Andersoni, Hort.C Calo. 425

cycadifolia, Regel . 428
dactylifera . . 424
farinifera, Roxb.. . 426
humilis, Royle 426
Loureirii, Kunth. . 427

Ouseleyana, Griff. . 427
paludosa, Hoch, . 427
pedunculata, Griff. . 427
pusilla, Gaertn. . 425
pusilla, Lour. . . 427
P pusilla, Trim. . 426
robusta, Hk. f. . 427
Roebelinit, O’Brien . 427
rupicola, T. Anders. 425
siamensis, Miq. . 427
sylvestris, Roxb. . 425
sylvestris, Thw. . . 425
sylvestris? Wall.. . 427
zeylanica, Trim.. . 425
zeylanica, Hort. . 425
Pholidocarpus, Bl. . 436
P Thur, Miq. . 436
macrocarpa, Becc. . 436
Pholidota parviflora,
Hk. f. . . 195
Phrynium, Willd. 258
Cadellianum, King . 260
capitatum, Willd. . 258
dichotomum, Korn. . 258
dichotomum, Roxb. . 258
Griffithii, Baker . 260
imbricatum, Roxb. . 259
macrostachyum,

Wall.. . . . .299
musaceum, Wall. . 259
parviflorum, Roxb. . 259
spicatum, Roxb. . . 259
spicatum, Griff. . 260
sumatranum, Miq. . 260
virgatum, Roxb. 258
zeylanicum, Benth. . 260

Phyllodes Placentaria,

Lour.. . . 259

Physurus, Rich. . 94, 179
Blumei, Lindl. 94
hirsutus, Lindl. . 94
humilis, Bl. . 94
? viridiflorus, Lindl. 96
Piletocarpus protensus,
Hassk. . 383

Pinanga, Bl. . . . . 406
bicolor, Bl.videbifida 408

Pistia, Linn.. . .

Page

bifida, lapsus bicolor,
ESL, peus ioo ^" 408
coronata, Kurz . 409
costata, Bl. . . . 409
Dicksomii, Bl. . . 409
disticha, Bl. . 408
gracilis, Bl. 407
Griffithii, Becc. . 407
hexasticha, Scheff. . 406
Hookeriana, Becc. . 410
hymenospatha, H k.f. 411
Kuhlii, Bi.. . . . 409
malaiana, Scheff. . . 410
Manii, Becc. . . 409
Nenga, Bl. . 412
paradoxa, Sieft 411
patula, Bl.. . 411
pectinata, Becc. . . 410
perakensis, Becc. 410
polymorpha, Becc. . 407
robusta, Becc.. 408
Scortechini, Becc. . 408
subruminata, Becc.. 408

Stratiotes, Linn. .

Platanthera acuifera,

Lindl. . 147
acuminata, Lindl. . 153
afinis, Wt.. . . . 164
arcuata, Lindl. . . 155

brachyphylla, Lindl. 151
canarensis, Lind1.152, 197

candida, Lindl. . . 142
Championi, Lindl. . 164
clavigera, Lindl.. . 153

commelinifolia, Lindl. 143

constricta, Lindl. . 161
cordifolia, Lindl. . 167
cubitalis, Lindl.. . 157
densa, Lindl. . . . 193
galeandra, Rchb. f. . 163

geniculata, Lindl. . 138

gigantea, Lindl. . . 187
Heyneana, Lindl, . 148
jantha, Wt. . . .164

. 153
. 151
166

latilabris, Lindl. .
lintfolia, Lindl.
longibracteata, Lindl.

lucida, Lindl.. . 133
lutea, Wt. . 164
marginata, Lindl. . 150

marginata, Wall. . 135

obcordata, Lindl. . 163
Orchidis, Lindl. . . 142
Orchidis, Wall. . 153

rhynchocarpa, Thw. 145
robusta, Lindl. . . 187
rostrata, Lindl. 146, 147

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS, 783

. Page Page Page

Schischmareffiana, Scottii, Rchb. f. . . 120| racemosa, Ham. . . 363

Lind). . . . 130| velutina, Par. § saggttata, Roxb. . . 863

stenostachya, Lindl. . 156 Rchb. f. . . 119| sagittifolia, Heyne . 363

Susanne, Lind]. . 137 | Sp. Griff. 120,121| vaginalis, Linn. . . 868

uniflora, Lindl. - 166 | Pogonostylis squarrosa, PoNTEDERIACEE . . 362
Bertol. . . . . 635| Posidonia serrulata,

Platyclinis gracilis,
He .

of. Spreng.. . . . 570
Plectocomia, Mart.

. 183 | Pollia, Thunb. . . . 367
Aclisia, Hassk. . . 367

assamica, Grif. . . 479
assamica, Hk. . . 478
elongata, Mart. . . 479
elongata, Griff. . . 478
geminiflora,H.Wendl.479
Griffithii, Bece. . . 478
himalayana, Griff. . 478
khasyana, Grif. . . 478
macrostachya, Kurz 478
montana, Hk. f. . . 478

POLLIEÆ . .

glaucescens, Teysm.

& Binn. . . . .367
indica, Thw. . . . 368
japonica, Hance. . 368
pentasperma, Clarke 368
purpurea, Hort.. . 383
sorzogonensis, Endl. 367
subumbellata, Clarke 368
thyrsiflora, Hndl. . ed

. 8

serrulata, Thw. . . 570
Potamogeton, Linn. . 565
crenulatus, Don . . 566
crispus, Linn.. . . 566
digynus, Wall. . . 566
elegans, Wall. . . . 566

flabellatus, Bab. . . 567
flabellatus, Hk. f.. . 567
heterophyllus, Ham. . 566
hybridus, Mich.?. . 566
indicus, Rozb. . . 565
indicus, Roth.. . . 564

Plectocomiopsis, Becc. 479 | Polyohilus Cornu-cervi,

geminiflorus, Becc. . 479 Breda . . . javanicus, Hassk. . 566

paradoxus, Bec. . 480 | PoLYGONATEX . . 300| lucens, Linn.. . . 567
Wrayii; Becc.. . . 480| Polygonatum, Tourn.. 319| lucens, Ham. so 967
Plesmonium, Schott . 518 brevistylum, Baker. 319 | malaianus, Miq. . . 567
dubium, Schott . . 519 Cathcartii, Baker . 320| marinus? Ham. . . 567
margaritiferum, P ciliatum, Royle . 2901 mucronatus, Presl . 567
Schott. . . . 518| cirrifolium, Royle . 322| natans, Linn.. . . 565
Plocoglottis, Bl. 21,177,178| geminiflorum, Decne 320| natans, Thw. . . . 565
acuminata, Bl. . 21 Govanianum, Royle 319| oblongus, Viv. . . 566

javanica, Bl. . 22| graminifolium, Hk.f. 319 | parvifolius, Buch. . 566

khasianus, Hk. f. . 81
lucescens, Bl. . . 82
malabaricus, Wt. . 80
microphyllus,Lindl. 81

leptophyllum, Royle. 321
multiflorum, Allioni 319
nervulosum, Baker . 319
oficinale, Allioni . 319
oppositifolium, Royle 320

Podanthera pallida, Wt. 124| — Griffithii, Baker . . 820 pectinatus, Lin». . 567
Podianthus.arifolius, Hookeri, Baker . . 320| perfoliatus, Zinn. . 566
Soehnitzl. . 297, Inglesii, Royle . 322| polygonifolius, Pourr. 566
Podochilus, Bl.. . . 80| Jacquemontianum, pusillus, Linn. . . 567
acicularis, Hk.f. . 89 Kunth . . . .321 Rowburghianus, Schult. `
cultratus, Lindl. . 80| Kingianum, Coll. . 565
falcatus, Lindl. . . 80 Hemsl. . . . . 822| rufescens, Aitch.. . 565

tenuicaulis, F. Muell. 566
tuberosus, Roxb. . . 566

Pothos, Linn. . . . 651

angustifolius, Presl. 552
Barberianus, Schott 553

microphyllus, Wall.. 81 arbe d 5
saxatilis, Lindl. . . 8l punctatum, Royle . 321 bifarius, Wall. e. $55
unciferus, Hk. f. . 81| roseum, Bot. Mag. . 321| Cathearti, Schott . i
Podolasia, N. E. Br. . 550| sibiricum, Baker. . 322, caudatus, Roxb. . . 54
stipitata, N. E. Br. . 550| verticillatum, Allioni321, cognatus, Schott. . 552
i | Curtisii, Hk. f. . . 554

Pogochilus, Falc. . . S8|Polystaehya, Hook. . 20.

luteola, Hook.. . . 21, decipiens, Schott. . 552

P D "P E
Haora or Lo. eo luteola, Wt. 21| decurrens, Wall. 547, 549
carinata, Lindl.. . 121| purpurea, Wt. . . 21| decursiva, Roxb. - En
carinata, Wt.. . . 121| Wightii, Behb. f, 2. 2 decursivus, P all.. . 549

: : . ; indl. . elegans, eo ee
flabelliformis, Lindl. 121| zeylanica, Lin Clica Moon | | 535

Gammiena, 77k. f. . 120 | Pomatocalpa spicatum,
juliana, Wall. . .119| Kuhl & Hasselt.. 74
macroglossa, Hk. f. 120 | Pontederia dilatata,

maculata; Par. Andr. :n .
Sei f. . dd . 120| hastata, Linn.. . . 362

Nervilia, Bl. . . 121) pauciflora, Bl. . . 363
plicata, Lindl. . 119| plantaginea, Roxb. . 363

exiguiflorus, Schott . 552
fallax, Schott . . 552
. 863| giganteus, Roxb.. . 548
glaucus, Wall.. . . 547
gracilis, Schott . . 553
heterophylla, Roxb. . 550

7384

Page
Hookeri, Schott . . 552
Junghunianus, de
Vriese . . . . 553
Kingii, Hk. f. . . . 553
Kunstleri, Hk. f.. . 554
lancifolius, Hk. f. . 554
Lasia, Roxb. . . . 990
latifolius, Hk. f.. . 554
macrocephalus,Scort. 553
macrophyllus, de
Vriese . . . 553
Maingayi, Hk. f. . 954

malayanus, Miq.. . 540
marginatus, Wall. . 540
obliquus, Wall. . . 555
officinalis, Roxb.. . 541
officinalis, Wall. . . 547

Peepla, Roxb.. . . 945
Peepla, Wall. . . . 946
pertusus, Roxb. . . 547
pinnatifidus, Roxb. . 549
pinnitus, Wall. . . 540
remotiflorus, Hk. . 555
Roxburghii, de Vriese 552
Rozxburghit, Schott . 552

scandens, Linn.. . 951
scandens, Don . . 552
scandens, Hk.. . . 552
scandens, Wall. . . 552
spinosa, Ham. . . 650
tenera, Wall. . 553

Thomsonianus,Schott 555
ventricosa, Wall.. . 543
Vriesianus, Schott . 552
Wallichii, Hk. f. . . 553
Prionostachys ensifolia,

Hassk. . . 379
herbacea, Hassk. . . 377
terminalis, Hassk. . 379

Pteroceras, Hasselt. . 33
Pterygodiwm sulcatum,
Roxb.. . . . .107
Ptychoraphis, Becc. . 413
augusta, Becc. . 414
singaporensis, Becc. 413

Ptychosperma costata,
Miq. . . . . . 409
disticha, Miq. . . . 408
Kuhli, Miq. . . . 409
malaiana, Miq. . . 410

patula, Mio, . . . 411
rupicola, Thw. . 413
singaporensis, Becc. 413
Pycreus, Beauv.. . . 589
albomarginatus, Nees594
angulatus, Nees . 593
Baccha, Nees . . 593
capillaris, Nees . . 591

INDEX OF GENERA,

Page
diffusus, Nees. . 596
ferrugineus, Clarke . 593

flavescens, Nees . . 589
levigatus, Nees . 596
lateralis, Nees . 696

latespicatus, Clarke. 590
mucronatus, Nees . 596
nitens, Nees . e . 591
polystachyus, Beauv. 592
polystachyus, Beauv. 609
pumilus, Nees . . 591
puncticulatus, Nees. 593
puncticulatus, Nees. 610
pygmaeus, Nees . 596
sanguinolentus, Nees 590
squarrosus, Nees. . 623
stramineus, Clarke . 589
sulcinux, Clarke. . 593
PYTHONIEE . . 491
Pythonium bulbiferum,
Schott . . . . 515
Wallichianum,Schott 518
sp. Griff. 499, 506

Ravenala madagasca-
riensis, Sonn. . . 198
Remirea, Aublet . 677
disticophylla, Boeck. 677
maritima, Aubl.. . 677
pedunculata, Br.. . 677
Wightiana, Nees. . 677
Remusatia, Schott. . 521
Hookeriana, Schott . 522
vivipara, Schott . . 521
vivipara, Wt. . . 919
Renanthera, Lowr. . 48
angustifolia, Hk. f.. 49
Arachnitis, Lindl. 28, 197
bilinguis, Rchb. f. . 28
coecinea, Lour. . . 48
elongata, Lindl.. . 48
Flos-aeris, Rchb. f.. 28
histrionica, Rchb. f. 49

labrosa, Rchb. f.. . 28
matutina, Lindl.. . 49
micrantha, Bl. . . 49
Renealmia calcarata,
Haw.. . 254

fasciculata, Rosc. . 241
mutica, Salisb. . . 255
mutans, Andr. . . 256
Restio articulatus, Retz. 681
Rhamphidia elongata,
Thw.. . . . . 197
Gardneri, Thw. . . 115
ovalifolia, Lindl.. . 115
rubens, Lindl. . 115
Rhaphidophora, Schott 543

SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page
affinis, Schott . . 648
angustifolia, Schott 543
Beccarii, Engl. . . 546
calophyllum, Schott 545
caudata, Schott . . 549
crassifolia, Hk. f. . 543
Cunninghamii,Schott 549
decursiva, Schott . 547
eximia, Schott . 547
glauca, Schott . . 547

gracilipes, Hk. f. . 545
grandis, Schott . 547
Hookeri, Schott . . 546
Korthalsii, Schott . 548

Kunstleri, Hk. f. . 546
lacera, Hassk.. . . 549
lancifolia, Schott . 545
Lobbii, Schott . 544
Maingayi, Hk.f.. . 543
minor, Hk.f. . . . 544

Peepla, Schott . 544
pertusa, Schott . 546
pinnata, Schott . . 549

pinnatifida, Schott . 549:

Schottii, Hk. f. . . 544
Scortechinii, Hk. f. 545
tetrasperma, Hk.f.
Wallichii, Schott . 549

Wrayi, Hk. f.. . . 544
Rhomboda longifolia,
Lindl. . . . . 109

Rhopaloblaste singapo-
rensis, Hk. f. .
Rhuacophila javanica,
Bl. .. .. . 337
Rhyncanthera panicu-
lata, Bl. . . 91
Rhynchanthus, Hk. f. 257
longiflorus, Hk. f. . 257
Rhynchostylis, St 32, 178
garwalica, Rchb. f.. 32
guttata, Rchb. f.. . 32
premorsa, Bl.. . . 32

retusa, Bl.. . . 32
Rhyncopyle elongata,
Engl.. . . . . 539
Ridleya. . . . 33
Robartia indica, "Linn. 602
Roscoea, Smith . . . 207
alpina, Royle . . . 207
capitata, Smith . . 208
elatior, Smith. . 203
gracilis, Smith . . 208
longifolia, Baker . 208
lutea, Royle . . . 208
petiolata, Baker . . 209
purpurea, Smith. . 207
purpurea, Lindl.. . 208

548.

. 413-

— —— ——

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 785

Page
. 207
. 209

` purpurea, Royle .
spicata, Smith
Rostkovia ensiformis,
Ham. . .
Rotang Pajare, Griff. .
Roussinia indica, Gaud.
Rozburghia Gloriosa,
Pers. .
gloriosoides, Jones
gloriosoides, Wt. .
Stemona, Steud.. . 298
viridiflora, Smith . 298
RoxsuRGHiACEE . . 297
Ruppia, Linn. . . . 568
maritima, Griff. . . 568

. 396
459
486

. 298
. 298
. 298

rostellata, Koch . . 568
subsessilis, Thw.. . 567

Ryckia furcata, De
Vriese . . 484
Rynchospora, Vahl . 668
? anomala, Steud. . 649

articulata, Roem. &

Sch. . 670
aurea, Vahl . 670
ceylonica, Kunth. . 670
chinensis, Boeck. . 672
chinensis, Nees . . 671
glauca, Vahl . . 671
glauca, Boeck. . 672
gracilis, Vahl. . . 671
gracillima, Thw.. . 671
Griffithii, Boeck.. . 672
Henkei, Presl. . . 668
Hookeri, Boeck. . 671
Kamplweveneri,Boeck.671
Kysoor, Dietr. . . 660
lavarum,Hook.& Arn.672
laza, Br. . . 671
lava, Thw. . . 672
longisetis, Br. . . 669
malasica, Clarke. . 670
Prescottiana, Wall. . 669
ruppioides, Benth. . 654
sikkimensis, Clarke . 672
triflora, Vahl. . 670

Wallichiana, Kunth 668
Wightiana, Steud. . 669
zeylanica, Thw. . . 670
sp. Wall.
605, 668, 670, 671
RwcHosPOREE . . . 5

Saccolabium, Bl. .54,179
acaule, Hk. f.e . . 61
acuminatum, Hk.f.. 65
acuminatum, Thw. . 67
VOL, VI.

Page
acutifolium, Lindl. . el
ampullaceum, Lindl. 64
bellinum, Rchb. f. 61
Berkeleyi, Rchb. f. 33
bigibbum, Rchb. f. 61
bipunctatum, Par. &

Rchb. f£.. . . . 73
Blumei, Lindl. . . 32
brevifolium, Lindl.. 57
buccosum, Rchb. f. . 58
calceolare, Lindl. 60, 197
calceolare, Paxt.. . 61

carinatum, Griff. . 63
cephalotes, Hk. f. . 63
clavatum, Lindl.. . 66

congestum, Hk. f. . 63
curvifolium, Lindl.. 65
dasypogon, Lindl. . 66
densiflorum, Lindl. . 72
denticulatum, Paxt.. 61
discolor, Rchb.f. . 56
distichum, Lindl. . 604
filiforme, Lindi.. . 56
flavum, Hk. f.. . . 58
flexuosum, Lindl. . 72

fragrans, Par. §
Rchb.f. . . . 58
galeatum, Garda. . 7
garwalicum, Lindl.. 32

geminatum, Lindl.
55, 197

giganteum, Lindl. . 53
gracile, Lindl. . . 57
Grifihi, Par. &

Rehb.f.. . . . 77
guttatwm, Lindl. . . 82
Heathii, Hort. . . 32
Helferi, Hk. f. . 57
? inconspicuum, Ak. 4. 56
intermedium, Grif. 61
Jerdonianum, Rchb. f. 59
lanatum, Hk. f. . . 60
lineare, Lindl. . . 47
lineolatam, Thw.. . 62
littorale, Reb. f . 83
longifolium

d "ia, 197

maculatum, Hk. f. . 64
micranthum, Lindl.. 69
miniatum, Hook. . 65
minimiflorum, Hk. f. 59
nilagiricum, Hk.f.. 60
niveum, Lindl. . . 55
obliquum, Lindl.. . 61
obtusifolium, Hk. f. 65
ochraceum, Lindl. . 62

pallens, Lindl. . . 65
paniculatum, Wt . 47

papillosum, Lindl. 63
papillosum, Dalz. &
Gibs.. . . . . 62
papillosum, Wt. . . 63
parvulum, Lindl, . 658
Pechéi, Rchb. f. . . 66
penangianum, Hk.f. 57
perpusillum, Hk. f. . 56
premorsum, Hk. f.. 62
premorsum, Lindl. . 32
Pumilio, Rchb. f.. . 56
pusillum, Lindl. . . 57
racemiferum, Lindl.. 68
ramosum, Lindl. . . 72
reflexum, Lindl. . . 49
retusum, Fl.des Serres 32

Rheedit, Wt. . . . 32
ringens, Lindl. . . 46
roseum, Lindl. . . 58
rostellatum, Hk, f. . 59
rubrum, Lindl. . . 65
rubrum, Wt. . . . 46
speciosum, Wt. . . 45
Ptenerum, Lindl.. . 73

tenuicaule, Hk. f. . 64
trichromum, Rchb.f. 65
undulatum, Lindl. . 74
virescens, Gardn.. . 57
viridilorum, Lindl. 63
Wightianum, Hi. di

Wightianum, Lindi 46
Sagittaria, Linn.
cordifolia, Roxb. .
Doniana, Sweet . . 561
guayanensis, H.B.K. 561
hastata, Don . . . 561
hermaphrodita, Ham. 561
Lappula, Don . 561

obtusifolia, Linn. . 560
parviflora, Wall. . . 561
sagittifolia, Linn, . 561
triandra, Dalz. . 562
Saguerus Langkab, Bl. 421
Rumphii, Koxb. . . 421
421

saccharsfer, Wurmb.

Sagus farimifera, Gaertn. 481

genuina, Bl. . 481
inermis, Roxb. . 481
? Kenigt, Griff. . 481
levis, Rumph. . 481
Rumphii, Bi. . . 481
Rumphii, Willd. . . 481
Sansevieria, Thunb. . 270

Jruticosa, Bl... 327

Roxburghiana, Schul. 271

zeylanica, Willd. . 270

zeylanica, Roxb. j .271
E

786

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page Page Page
Sarcanthus, Lindl. 66, 179 notabilis, Hk. f. . . 42 |Schoenus, Linn.. . 672
appendiculatus, Hk f. 67 | obtusus, Benth. . . 36| articulatus, Buch. . 671
arietinus, Rchb. f. . 70| pauciflorus, Hk. f. . 41| articulatus, Roxb. . 670
asperus, Rchb. f.. . 70| præmorsus, Spr. . . 63| calostachyus, Poir. . 673
chrysomelas, Rchb.f. 70| pugionifolius, Hk. f. 196 | ` coloratus, Linn. . . 588
densiflorus, Par. & pulchellus, Trim. . 39| compressus, Linn. . 660
Rchb. f.. . . . 72| purpureus, Benth. . 36| cyperoides, Retz.. . 649
erinaceus, Rchb. f. . 69| recurvus, Hk. f.. . 39| gracilis, Swartz.. . 672
filiformis, Lindl. . 66| Roxburghii, Hk. f. . 36| Haskarlii, Steud. . 677
filiformis, Wt.. . . DÉI Scopa, Rchb.f. . . 40| Jjunceus, Willd. 656
guttatus, Lindl. . . 32| Scortechini, Hk. f.. 40| ‘lithospermus, Linn. . 685
insectifer, Rchb. f. . 68 serræformis, Rchb. f. 41 longisetis, Poir. €69
laxus, Rchb. f. . . 69| Sillemianus, Rchb. f. 42| Mariscus, Linn. . . 674
lorifolius, Par. . . 69| stenoglottis, Hk. f.. 834| nigricans, Linn. . 673
macrodon, Rchb.f. . 70| suaveolens, Hk. f. . 33| mivens, Linn. . 620
mirabilis, Rchb. f. 58, 70 | trichoglottis, Hk. f. 39 | paniculatus, Hassk. . 677
oxyphyllus, Wall. . 70 Trimeni, Hk. f. . 40, 196 | polymorphus, Rottb. 639
pallidus, Lindl. . . 68| usneoides, Rchb. f.. 37| puberulus, C. A. Mey. 649
Parishii, Hook. . . 69| viridiflorus, Hk.f.38,196| ruber, Lour. . 668
pauciflorus, Wt. . . 67| Wightii, Hk. f.. 37, 198 rufus, Huds. 661
peninsularis, Dalz.. 67 | Saribus cochinchinensis, surinamensis, Rottb. 670
pugioniformis Robb. f.70 Bl. . . . . . 435 |Sciaphila, Bl. 558
racemifer, Rchb. f. 68 | Satyrium, Swartz. . . 168 erubescens, Miers. . 558
‘roseus, Wt.. . . $6| albiflorun, A. Rich. 168| janthina, Thw. . - 558
Scortechinii, Hk f.. 68| Epipogium, Linn. . 124| ‘Khasiana, Hk. f.. . 559
secundus, Grif.. . 67| foliosum, Heyne. . 160 secundiflora, Thw. . 558
Stowellianus, Batem. 69 nepalense, Don . . 168 | Scilla, Linn. 348
teretifolius, Rchb. f. 67 pallidum, A. Rich. . 168 coromandeliana,
tricolor, Rckb. f.. . 68 Perrottetianum, A. Roxb. . .947
Walkerianus,Rohb.f. 58 Rich. . . . .108| Cundria, Ham. 347
Walkerianus, Wt. . 58| repens, Linn. . .95,112| denudata, Ham. 347

Williamsoni, Rchb.f. 67
Sarcochilus, Br. 33, 178
amplezicaulis, Rohb.f. 40

Wightianum, Lindl. 168 | Hohenackeri, Fisch.
Sauromatum, Schott . 508 Sf Mey. . . 949
guttatum, Schott . 508| indica, Baker .

Arachnites, Rchb.f. 41 pedatum, Schott . . 508 indica, Roxb. . 347
aureus, Hk. f.. . . 35] punctatum, C.Koch. 508| maculata, Baker. . 348
Berkeleyi, Rchb. f. . 37 | sessiliflorum, Kunth 508 | serotina, Bot. Mag. - 346
brachyglottis, Hk. f. 34| simlense, Schott. . 508 |ScrLLEX ` . 801
brachystachys,Hk.f. 41| venosum, Schott. . 508 | Scindapsus, Schott . 541
cladostachys, Hk. f. 35 | Saururus natans, Linn. 564 | argyrea, Engl. 541
complanatus, Hi. f. Scaphochlamys, Baker 252 | Beccarii? Engl.. . 542
. 41, 197 malaccana, Raker . 252 caudatus, Engl. 649
filiformis, Hk. f. . 39 | Schænorchis, Bl. 54, 179 | caudatus, Schott . 549
hirsutus, Hk. f. . . 38| juncifolia, Thw. . . 56| crassipes ? Engl. . 542
hirtulus, Hk. f. . . 39 |Schismatoglottis, Zoll. cuscuaria, Presl.. . 942
hirtus, Benth. . . 35 & Moritz. . 537| decursivius, Schott . 547
Hystrix, Rchb. f.. . 38| brevicuspis, Hk. f. . 537 | giganteus, Schott . 948
leopardinus, Par. ¥ brevipes, Hk. f. . . 538, glaucus, Schott . 547
Rchb. f. . . . 88 calyptrata, Zoll. & hederacea, Schott 542
lilacinus, Grif. . . 40 Moritz . . 589 inquinatus, Schott . 542
luniferus, Rchb. f. . 37| elongata, Engl. . . 539| marantefolius, Miq. 643
luniferus, Bot. Mag. 37| Kurzii, Hk. f.. . 539| medius, Zoll. &
maculatus, Benth. . 64| longipes, Miq. . 538 Moritz 540
Mannii, Hk. f. . . 36| minor, Hk. f.. . $88 | montanus, Kunth . 540
merguensis, Hk. f. . 40| mutata, Scort. . 538 | officinalis, Schott . 542
minimifolius, Hk. f. 37| Scortechini, Hk. f. . 937 | Peepla, Schott 545
muriculatus,Rchb.f. 34| Wallichii, Hk. f.. . 537| Peepla, Thw. . - > 547
nepalensis, Spr. . . 60 | Schizolepis, Nees . . 694| perakensis, Hk. f- + 542

|.
|
|

|

INDEX OF
Page
pertusus, Schott . . 547

. 641
549

pictus, Hassk.. .
pinnatifidus, Schott .

pinnatus, Schott. . 549
pothoides, Miq. . . 542
pothoides, Schott 541
Scortechinii, Hk. f. . 541
ScigPEX . . . 586
Scirpodendron, Kurz . 684
costatum, Kurz . . 684
sulcatum, Miq. . 684
Scirpus, Linn. . 653
acicularis, Linn. . 629
acutangulus, Roxb. . 627
@mulans, Steud. . . 660
estivalis, Retz. 637
sstivalis, Wall. . . 685
affinis, Roth 659
afflatus, Benth, 629
alpinus, Schl. . 654
anceps, Willd. . . 646
annuus, All. . 636
annuus, Host. . . 636
anomalus, Retz. . . 678
antarcticus, Thunb. . 651

argenteus, Rottb. . 640
aristatus, Willd. . . 666
articulatus, Linn. . 656
arvensis, Retz.. . . 639
arvensis, Roxb. . . 636
atropurpureus, Retz. 627
Beothryon, Ehrh. . 654
Balna, Ham. . . 659
bangalorensis, Heyne 657

barbatus, Boeck.. . 653
barbatus, Rottb. . . 651
benghalensis, Pers. . 644
bispicatus, Roxb.. . 634
brevifolia, Decne. . 660
brevifolius, Roxb. . 636
cespitosus, Boeck. . 654

canaliculdto-triqueter,
Stend. . . . . 660

eapillaris, Linn. . . 652
capitatus, Burm. . . 666
capitatus, Linn. . . 628
caricis, Retz. . . 660

carinatus, Sowerb. . 658
cephalotes, Jacq. .
cernuus, Vahl. . . 655
chinensis, Munro 662,678

ciliaris, Linn.. . . 6
cinnamometorum,
Vahl... . 650
comosus, Wall. . . 664
complanatus, Retz. . 646
compressus, Pers. . 600
confervoides, Poir. . 654

. 589 |

|

|

Page
congestus, Spr. . 630
coniferus, Poir. . 684
coronarius, Vahl. . 619

corymbosus, Heyne. 657
corymbosus, Forsk. . 659
corymbosus, Linn. . 670
cuspidatus, Roth. . 665
cyperoides, Linn. . 622
debilis, Pursh 656
densus, Wall. . 652
dichotomus, Linn. 636
diphylius, Retz. . . 636
dipsaceus, Rottb.. . 685
dissitus, Duthie . 661
Donianus, Spr. . 663
Pdubius, Roxb. . . 625
Duvallii, Hoppe . . 658
echinatus, Linn. . . 621
elongatus, Ham. . . 664
erectus, Poir.. . . 656
Eriophorum, Mich. . 661
falcatus, Vahl. . 647
ferrugineus, Linn. . 639
fimbrisetus, Delile . 659
fistulosus, Forsk. 656
fistulosus, Poir. . . 627
fluitans, Linn. 653
fuscus, Roxb. . 639
globulosus, Retz.. . 645
globulosus, Roxb. 639
glomeratus, Heyne . 602
glomeratus, Linn. . 620
glomeratus, Retz. 640
glomeratus, Roxb. . 636
gracillimus, Boeck. . 652 |
Grifithii, Boeck.. . 660 |
grossus, Linn.. 659 |
Hakonensis, Fran. &
Sav. . . . . .630
hemisphericus, Roth. 667 |
Holoschenus, Linn. 655
inclinatus, Delile . 657.
incurvatus, Roxb. 656 |
Isolepis, Boeck. . . 663
javanus, Nees. 657
“junciformis, Nees 656
juncoides, Roxb. . . 656
kyllingioides, Boeck. 662
Kysoor, Roxb. 660
lacustris, Linn. . 658
lateralis, Heyne. . 656
Lawianus, Boeck. . 648
laxiflorus, Thw. . 626
lithospermus, Linn. . 685 |
littoralis, Schr. . . 659!
luzonensis, Presl. . 656 |

macrostachys, Boeck. 659 |
maritimus, Linn.

3E 2

GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 787

P
maritimus, Maxim. . 659
maximus, Roxb. . . 659
medius, Roxb.. . . 627

melanospermus, A. C.

Meyer . 655
Meyenii, Nees . . 658
Michelianus, Linn.596,662
miliaceus, Burm.. . 644
miliaceus, Linn. . . 644
miliaceus, Roxb.. . 636
minimus, Roxb. . . 635
mollis, Wall, , . 672
monander, Rottb. . 640
monander, Roxb.. . 651

monostachyus, Kan. 634
mucronatus, Linn. . 657
mucronatus, Roxb. . 656

mutatus, Roxb, . 627
muticus, Don . . 657
mysurensis, Heyne . 657
nutans, Retz. . . 632

Onaet, Fran. & Sav. 630

ovatus, Roth. . . . 628
palleseens, Roxb.. . 636
. 628

palustris, Linn. .
paucilorus, Lightf.. 654

pectinatus, Roxb. 659
pentagonus, Roxb, . 644
petasatus, Max. . . 630

. 666

pilosus, Retz.. .
plantagineus, Retz. . 625
plantagineus, Roxb. 626
plantaginoides,Rottb. 626

plumosus, Br. . . 659
Pollichii, Gren. &
Godr. . . 658

polytrichoides, Retz. 632
prelongatus, Poir. . 656

puberulus, Boeck. . 651
puberulus, Poir. . . 653
pubescens, Lam. . . 665
pumilus, Vahl . 654
quadrangulus, Don. 663
quinquangularis,

Boeck. . 645
quinquangularis,

Vahl. . . . 644

quinquefarius, Ham. 657
riparius, Presl . 658
rufus, Schrad. . 661
Salbundius (Satbun-
dius), Ham. . 644
Savii, Seb. & Manr. 655
scaber, Roxb. . . 631
scaberrimus, Boeck.. 660

schanoides, Retz. . 634
schanoides, Roxb. . 649
setaceus, Linn. . 654

788

Page
spiralis, Rottb. . 627
squarrosus, Linn. . 663
strictus, Roxb. . 640
strobilinus, Roxb. . 659
subarticulatus, Roxb. 656

subcapitatus, Thw. . 661
submersus, Boun, . 653
subulatus, Aitch. . 658
P subulatus, Prain . 658
subulatus, Vahl . . 659
sundanus, Miq. . . 657
supinus, Linn. . 655
sylvaticus, Strach. . 662
Tabernemontani,

Gmel.. . . . 658
tenellus, Roxb. . 642
ternatanus, Reinw. . 662
ternatus, Ham. . 656
tetragonus, Poir.. . 644
Thwaitesii, Boeck. . 652
timorensis, Kunth . 656
tranquebariensis,

Roth. . . 639
trialatus, Boeck. . 605
triangulatus, Roxb. . 657
tridentatus, Roxb. . 659
trifidus, Hance . 652
triflorus, Poir. . 670
triqueter, Linn. . . 658
triqueter, Gren. &

Godr.. . . . . 659
tristachyus, Roxb. . 639
tumidus, Roxb. . 626
umbellaris, Lam. . 645
uncinatus, Willd. . 666
uniglumis, Link.. . 628
validus, Vahl. . . 658
Wallichti, Nees . . 656
Wichurai, Boeck. . 661

Wichurat, Franch. E
Sav. . e. 630
Wightianus, Boeck. 653
Sp. Rottb. . . . 600
656, 657, 660

sp. Wall.
Scitaminea Finlayson-
iana, Wall. . 203
ScITAMINEE 198
Scleria, Berg. 685
alata, Moon 689
alta, Boeck. . 690
androgyna, Nees. . 686
annularis, Kunth. . 687
aspera, Boeck. . 691
avillaris, Moon . 688
bancana, Mig. . 693
biflora, Roch, . . 687
bracteata, Cav. . 694
caricina, Benth. . . 688

Page
ceylanica, Kunth . 688
chinensis, Kunth . 690
ciliaris, Nees . . . 690
corymbifera, Boeck. 686
corymbosa, Rowb. . 686
elata, Thw. . 690
elata, Thw. . 690
exaltata, Boeck. . . 690
flaccida, Clarke . . 683
Hasskarliana, Boeck.
690, 692
hebeearpa, Nees . . 689
hebecarpa, Thw.. . 688
hirsuta, Moon . 692
Hookeriana, Boeck. . 691
junciformis, Thw. . 692
khasiana, Clarke . 692
khasiana, Boeck. 689, 692
levis, Willd. . . 694
lateriflora, Boeck. . 688
latifolia, Moon . 691
lava, R. Br. . 688
levis, Retz. . . 694
lithosperma, Sw.. . 685
lithosperma, Roxb. . 690
macrocarpa, Wall. . 684
macrophylla, Presl.. 698
majus, Moon . . 686
malaccensis, Boeck. 693
melanosperma, Nees
& Arn. 692
melanostema, Boeck. 692
multifoliata, Boeck. 693
Neesii, Kunth . . 688
orizoides, Boeok.. . 691
oryzoides, Presl.. . 691
pandanophylla, Kurz 714
parvula, Steud. . . 687
pergracilis, Kunth . 685
pilosa, Boeck. . . 692
Plomii, Boeck. . 692
propinqua, Steud. . 686
psilorrhiza, Clarke . 691
pubescens, Steud. . 689
pubescens, Zoll. . 693
purpurascens, Steud. 693
Radula, Hance . 691
Ridleyi, Clarke . . 686
Rinkiana, Boeck. . 694
scrobiculata, Moritz. 690
scrobiculata, Zoll. . 689
setigera, Roxb. . 693
Steudeliana, Miq. . 687
stipularis, Thw. . . 689
Stocksiana, Boeck. . 687
stricta, Moon. . 689
sumatrensis, Retz. . 693
tenuis, Retz. . 685

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS,

Page
tessellata, Willd. 686, 694
tessellata, Benth. 687
tessellata, Hk. f. & T. 687
Thomsoniana, Boeck. 689
Thwaitesiana, Boeck. 688

uliginosa, Boeck. . 687
vestita, Boeck. . 689
villosula, Wall. . 689
Wightiana, Steud. . 685
zeylanica, Poir.. . 687
zeylanica, Moon . . 694

sp. H. f. & T.
689, 691, 692, 694
sp. Wall. 685, 686, 687,
689, 690, 693, 694
ScLERIEZ. . . . 587
Seaforthia costata, Mart. 409

Dicksonit, Mart.. . 409
disticha, Mart. . . 408
gracilis, Mart. . 407
Kuhlii, Mart. . . 409
malaiana, Mart. . . 410
oryzeformts, Mart. . 409
patula, Mart. . . 411
Seidlia, Opiz . . 661

Selenipedium Parishii,
Jolibois . .
Serapias Epidendren,
Kon. . . .
epidendrea, Retz. . 1

SISYRINCHIEX 271
Slackia geonomeforn mis,
Griff. . 415
SMILACEE. . . 300
Smilacina, Desf. 323
albiflora, Wall. 323
alpina, Royle . 361
bootanensis, Griff. 323
divaricata, Wall. 323
fusca, Wall. 323
oleracea, Hk. f. j T. 323
oligophylla, Hk. f. . 323
pallida, Royle. 323
purpurea, Wall. . 323
Smilax, Zinn. 302
aspera, Linn. . 306
aspericaulis, Wall. . 306
barbata, Wall. 306
Blumei, 4.DC. . . 318
calophylla, Wall. . 303
calophylla, Wall. . 313
China, Maxim. 307
collina, Kunth 313
decipiens, Spr. 313
elegans, Wall. . . 309
elegans, A.DC. 304
extensa, Wall. 309
eztensa, Wall. . 303

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND 8YNONYMS.

Page
ferox, Wall. . . .307
fulgens, Wall.. . . 306
glabra, Roxb. . . . 302
glaucophylla,

Klotzsch . 904
grandifolia, Wt. . . 310
grandis, Wall. . 810
Griffithii, 4.DC.. . 313
Helferi, A.DC. . 309

Hohenackeri, Kunth 310

Hookeri, Kunth . . 302
indica, Vitm. . . 310
Kingii, Hk. f.. . 907
leevis, Wall. . 308

lancezfolia, Rozb. . 308
laurifolia, Hohen. . 310
laurifolia, Roxb. 311, 312
laurina, Kunth . . 312
leucophylla, Bl.. . 312
longebracteolata,

Hk. f.. . . . . 805
P luzonensis, Presl . 309
macrophylla, Roxb, . 310
P macrophylla, Dalz.

& Gibs. . 312
maculata, Roxb.. . 306
megacarpa, 4,DC.. 311

menispermoidea,
A.DC. . . . . 305
micropoda, A.DC. . 308

minutiflora, A. DO. . 305
myosotiflora, A. DC.
303, 309
Myrtilus, 4.DC. . 304
P narcotica, Ham. . 289
nilagarensis, Steud. . 306
obliqua, Spr. . . . 318
ochreata, A.DC. . . 311
P odoratissima, Bl. . 306
orthoptera, A.DC. . 311
ovalifolia, A.DC. . 312
ovalifolia, Hk. f. & T. 310
ovalifolia, Roxb. . 310
oxyphylla, Wall. . 308
oxyphylla, Kunth . 308
pallescens, A.DC. . 307

parvifolia, Wall. . 304
peguana, A.DC.. . 303
. 913

perfoliata, Bl.
polyacantha, Wall.. 311
prolifera, Roxb. . . 312
prolifera, Hk. f. & T. 310
prolifera, Wall.
310, 311, 313
pseudo-China, | Hb.
Madr. . . . .310
pseudo-China, Roxb. 313
quadrata, 4.DC. . 308

Page
retusa, Roxb. . . 810
rigida, Wali. . . 304

Roxburghiana, Wall. 311
Rozburghiana, Wall. 306
Rowburghii, Kunth . 310
setosa, Miq. . 306
singaporensis,A. DC. 313
Thomsoniana, A.DC. 307
umbellata, Hb. Madr. 310

umbellata, Heyne . 312
vaginata, Decne.. . 305
villandia, Ham. . . 314
virosa, Ham. . . . 289
Wallichii, Kunth . 313
Wallichit, Steud. . 304
Wightii, A.DC. . . 310
zeylanica, Linn.. . 309
zeylanica, Wall. . . 309
zeylanica, Wt. . 310

Sorostachys kyllin-
gioides, Steud. . 602
Sparganium, Linn. . 489
carinatum, Ham. . 490
erectum, Kurz . . 490
ramosum, Huds.. . 490
490

simplex, Huds. .
stoloniferum, Ham. .

Spathium microphyllum,
. . 565

Voigt. . .
monostachyum,
Edgew. . . 564

undulatum, Edgew.. 564
Spathodithyros suffrutt-
cosus, Hassk. . . 374
Spathoglottis aurea,
Lind . . . . 191
Kimbaliana, Hort. . 191
Lobbii, Rchb. f. . . 191
pubescens, Lindl. . 191
? trivalvis, Wall. 79
Spherochloa quadran-
gularis, Beau. . . 582
Spheroschanus Wal-
lichii, Arn. & Nees 668
Spiranthes, Rich. 102, 180
amena, Bunge . . 102

australis, Lindl. . . 102
australis, Wt. . . 103
autumnalis, Rich. . 103

. 103

densa, A. Rich.
flexuosa, Lindl. . . 102
longispicata, A. Rich. 102
macrophylla, Spr. . 130
monophylla, Spr.. . 131
nove Zelandice, Hk. 102
parviflora, Lindl. . 102
pudica, Lindl. . . 102
«nalaschcensis, Spr.. 130

789

Wightiana, Lindl. .
sp. Grif. . . . . 102
Spirodela ` melanorr-
hiza, F. Muell. . 557
oligorrhiza, Hegelm. 557
pleiorrhiza, F. Muell. 557
polyrrhiza, Schleid. 557
Spodiopogon angustifo-

lius, Trin. . 664
Stachyopogon pauci-
florus, Klot. . 264
spicatus, Klot. . 274
Stauritis violacea,
Rchb. f. . . 29
Stauropsis, Rchb, f. 27
giganteus, Benth. 27
undulatus, Benth. 27
Stemona, Lour. . . 298
Curtisii, Hk. f. . 298

gloriosoides, Voigt . 298

Griffithiana, Kurz . 299
minor, Hk. f. . . 298
tuberosa, Lowr. . . 298
Stenaster, Sp. . . 284

Stenochasma convolutum
Grif.. . . . . 236
urceolare, Griff. . . 287

Stereochilus, Lindl. . 33
hirtus, Lindl.. 35

Steudnera, C. Koch . 519
assamica, Hk.f. . . 520
capitellata, Hk. f. . 521
colocasiæfolia, C.

Koch . . . .,. 520
colocasiafolia, Hk. f. 520
colocasioides, Hk. f. 520
discolor, Hort. . 520
Griffithii, Schott . . 520

Stichoneuron, Hk. f. . 299
membranaceum,

Hk. f.. . . . . 299

Streptolirion, Edgew. . 389
Griffithii, Kurz . 389
volubile, Edgew.. . 389

Streptopus, Micha.. . 322
candidus, Wall. . . 322
chinensis, Smith. . 360

peduncularis, Smith 360
simplex, Don. . . 322
Strobidia conchigera,

Kuntze . . . . 253
Sturmia nervosa,
Rehb. f. . . 182
Susum, Bl. . . . . 391
anthelminticum, Bl. 391
anthelminticum,
391

Maury . . .-
malayanum, Planch. 391

790

Page

Symmeria schizochilus,
Grah.. . . . . 142
Synantherias, Schott . 517
sylvatica, Schott. . 518
Syzyganthus multiflorus,

Steud. . . . . 677

Tacca, Forst.:. 287
aspera, Roxb. . 288
cristata, Jacq. 287

integrifolia, Ham. . 288
integrifolia, Ker-
Gawl. . . . . 287

levis, Rozb. . . . 988
pinnatifida, Forst.287,517
pinnatifolia, Geertn. 287

Page

pygmea, Lindl. . 86,87
Theriophonum, Bl. . 512
crenatum, Bl.. . . 512
Dalzellii, Schott. . 513
infaustum, N. E. Br. 513
Kleini Schott . . 512
Wightii, Schott . . 512
Wightii, Engl. . 513
zeylanicum, N.E.Br. 513
Theropogon, Mazim. . 324

pallidus, Mazim. 270,324
Thisbe, Falc. . . 129
Thomsonia, Wall. . . 518

Hookeri, Engl. . 518

nepalensis, Wall. . 518
Thoracostachyum, Kurz 680

Rafflesiana, Jacq. . 287| bancanum, Kurz. . 680
TACCACES. . . . 286| hypolytroides, Clarke 680
Teganocharis cordofana, Thrivspermuwnm amplexi-

Hochst. . . . . 562 caule, Rchb.f.. . 40
Teniophyllum, Bl. 76| Arachnites, Rchb. f. 41

Alwisii, Lindl. . . 76 Freemani, Rchb. f. . 42

scaberulum, Hk. f.. 77| Hystrix, Rchb. f. 39

serrula, Hk. f. 77| lilacinum, Rchb.f. . 40
Tainia cordata, Hk. f. 1983| teres, Rchb. f.. . . 34

latifolia, Benth. 14, 192| usneoides, Rehb. f. . 87

maculata, Hk. f. 190, 193 | Tinantia lineolata,
Talliera bengalensis, Spr.429 Hassk. . . 977

Tali, Mart. . . . 429| Tofieldia, Huds.. . 957
Tapinocarpus Dalzellii, himalaica, Baker . 398

Schott . 513 | nepalensis, Strach. &

indicus, Dalz. . . 513 Wint.. . . . . 265

Telmatophace gibba nepalensis, Wall.. . 264
Schleid. . . . 557 | Tovaria fusca, Baker . 323
Terminalia angustifolia, oleracea, Baker . . 323
Rumph. . e. oligophylla, Baker . 323
Teta viridiflora, Roxb.. 265 pallida, Baker . 323
Teysmannia altifrons, purpurea, Baker. . 323
Rchb.f.. . . 483 | Trachycarpus, H. Wdl. 435
Thalassia ciliata, Kin. 570| excelsa, H. Wal. . 436

Hemprichii, Asch. . 570
Thalia canneformis,
Willd. . . 258
Thecostele, Rchb. f, . 19
alata, Par. & Rchb. f. 19

Maingayi, Hk.f.. . 20
quinquefida, Hk. f. . 20
Zollingeri, Rchb. f. . 19
Thelasis, Bl. . . . . 85
bifolia, Hk. f.. . 86
? capitata, Bl. . . 86
carinata, Bl. 87, 88
carinata, Rchb. f. 88
decurva, Hk. f. . 87
elata, Hk. f. 87
elongata, Bl.. . 86
khasiana, Hk. f. . 87
longifolia, Hk. f.. 87

Fortunei, H. Wal. . 436
khasiana, H. Wdl. . 436
Martiana, H. Wdl. . 436

Tradescantia aphylla,

Heyne . . 875
axillaris, Linn. . 389
barbata, Spr. . . . 385
cordifolia, Griff.. . 389
cristata, Heyne . . 385
cristata, Jacq. . . 385
? cyanotidea, Hassk. 387
fasciculata, Heyne . 388
gangetica, Linn. . . 381
imbricata, Roxb.. . 385
incana, Heyne . 986
lanata, Heyne . . 386
malabarica, Linn. . 379
montana, Heyne. . 382

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page

paniculata, Roth. . 382
paniculata, Roxb. . 890
papilionacea, Linn... 385
pilosa, Heyne. 387
radicans, Royle . . 385
rufa, Presl. . . . 390
rupestris, Law. 385, 388
terminalis, Bl. 380
thyrsiflora, Bl. 367
triflora, Heyne 369
tuberosa, Roxb. . 386
umbellata, Heyne . 385
vaga, Bl. 387
villosa, Spr. . 387
sp. Griff. . 383
TRADESCANTIE.E 367
Trentepohlia, Boeck. . 597
bifoliata, Boeck. . 597
Trichelostylis, Lestib. . 641
asperrima, Nees . 43
chatorrhiza, Nees . 647

cinnamometorwm,N ees650
complanata, Nees . 646

curvifolia, Nees . . 636
digitata, H. f. & T. . 648
filiformis, Nees . 633
globulosa, Nees . 645
junciformis, Nees . 647
latifolia, Nees . - 648

miliacea, mE
pentaptera, Nees .
quinquangularis,Nees 644

Salbundia, Nees. - 646
scabra, Nees . . 646
tenella, Nees . . n
, Nees .
tetragona de

torta, P

sp. H. f. .

P 642, 643, 645, 646
Trichoglottis, Bl. . 42

Dawsoniana, Rehb.f. 43

quadricornuta, Kurz 43
retusa, Bl. . 43
Trichophorum arundi-
naceum, Strach. .
comosum, Strach. . 664
cyperinum, Pers...
Trichopodium angusti-
folium, Lindl. . 297
cordatum, Lindl.. - 297
intermedium, Lindl. 297
zeylanicum, Thw. -
Trichopus, Gertn.. - elt
zeylanieus, Gaertn. . 2
Trichosma suavis, Lindi.193
Tricostularia fimbristy- 4
loides, Benth. . 67
Tricyrtis, Wall.. -

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS,

Page
elegans, Wall.. . . 359
pilosa, Wall. . . . 359

Triglochin, Linn. . . 563
maritimum, Linn. . 563
palustre, Linn. . . 563
p. Grif. . . . . 503

Trilepis, Nees . . . 698
Royleana, Nees . . 698
Trillidium Govanianum,
Kunth . . . .361
Trilium, Linn. . . . 361
Govanianum, Wall. 361
Tschonoskii, Mazim. 361
Trilophus, Lestib. . . 220
Triplewra pallida, Lindl. 107
Trithyrocarpus oligo-
spathus, Hassk. . 373
paleatus, Hassk. . . 373
Triticoides, Griff. . . 698
TRIURIDER e e o
Tropidia, Lindl. . . 92
angulosa, Bl. . . . 92
assamica, BI.. . . 93
curculigoides,Lindl. 93
curculigoides, Kurz. 94
Govindovii, Bl. . . 92
graminea, Bl. . . 93
Maingayi, Hk.f.. . 93
pedunculata, Bl.. . 93
semilibera, Bl. . . 92
Thwaitesii, Hk. f. 93
Tulipa, Linn.. . . . . 954
chrysantha, Boiss. . 355
Lehmanniana,Merckl.355

stellata, Hook. . . 355
undulata, Jaen, . . 355
TULIPEZ . . . 301

Tunga diandra, Roxb. 678
lerigata, Roxb. . . 667

triceps, Roxb.. . . 667
Tupistra, Ker. . . . 824
aurantiaca, Wall. . 325
Clarkei, Hk. f. . . 325
macrostigma, Baker 325
nutans, Wall.. . . 324

singapureana, Wall. 325
squalida, Baker . . 324
Stoliezkana, Kurz . 325
Watt, Hk. f. . . 925
P? sp. Grif.. . . . 325
Typha, Linn.. . . . 488
angustata, Chaub. $
Bory . .
angustifolia, Kurz . 489
angustifolia, The, . 489
elephantina, Rorb. . 489
javanica, Schnizl. . 489
latifolia, Edgew.. . 489

Page
latifolia, Moon . 489
Laxmanni, Lepech. . 489
Maresii, Balland. . 489
Martini, Aitchis. . 489
minima, Kurz . . 489)
stenophylla, Rohrb. . 489 |

791

Page
Hamiltoniana, Wall
359, 360
Leschenaultiana,
Wall.. . . ..
multiflora, Reinw. . 360
parviflora, Wall.. . 360

TxPHACEE . . 488, umbellata, Wall.. . 360

Typhonium, Schott . 509. UVULARIEÆ . . . . 301
brevipes, Hk. f. . . 511
bulbiferum, Dalz. . 511 | Vanda, Br. . 49, 178
crenatum, Schott . 512| alpina, Lindl. . 53
cuspidatum, Bl. . . 511, Bensoni, Bafem.. . 51
divaricatum, Decne. 510, bicaudata, Thw. . . 26
diversifolium, Wail. 510, bicolor, Grif. . . 52

fallas, N. E. Br.. . 511.
flagelliforme, Bl.. . 511
foliolosum, Engler . 510

gracile, Schott . . 512,
Huegelianum, Schott 510
javanicum, Mig. . . 510
minutum, Bl . . . 513

minutum, Schott. . 512
Motleyanum, Schott 510
orizense, Schott . . 509
pedatum, Schott. . 511.
pedatum, Schott. . 511.
Roxburghii, Schott. 510

siamense, Engler. . 509
trilobatum, Schott . 509
triste, Griff. . . . $09

Uncifera, Lindl. . 54, 179
acuminata, Lindl. . 65
obtusifolia, Lindl. . 65

Uncinia europea, J.Gay 712
microglochin, Spr. . 712

nepalensis, Nees . . 712
Ungeria monocephala,
Nees. . . |
Urania speciosa, Wall. 198 |
Urginea, Steinh. . . 347 |
congesta, Wt. . . 348 |

coromandeliana,/7k D 347
coromandeliana, Wt.

346, 347
indica, Kunth . . 347
indica, Wt. . . . 348

polyphylla, Hk. f. . 348
senegalensis, Kunth . 347
Wightiana, Hk. f. . 347

brunnea, Rchb.f. . 51
Cathcartii, Hk. f. . 27
cerulea, Grif. . . 51
cerulescens, Griff. . 50
cerulescens, Journ.

Hort.Soc. . . . 51
congesta, Lindl. . . 63
cristata, Lindl. . . 53
Denisoniana, Bens.

A Rehb.f. . . . 51
densiflora, Lindl. . 53
fasciata,Gardn.. . 62
fimbriata, Gardn. . 62
gigantea, Lindl. . . 27

Grifithii, Lindl. . . 53
Hookeriana, Rchb.f. 50
Lindleyana, Griff. . 27
longifolia, Lindl. . 62
multiflora, Lindl. . 62

obliqua, Wall.. . . 61
Parishii, Veitch $
Rchb.f... . 51

parviflora, Lindl. . 50
peduncularis, Lind]. 26
pulchella, Wt. 60
pumila, Hk.f.. . . 53
Roxburghii, Br.. . 52
spathulata, Spr. 50, 198
Stangeana, Rchb. d 54

striata, Rchb. f. . 53
teres, Lindl. . . 49
tesselloides, Rchb. f. 52
testacea, Rchb.f. . 50

P trichorhiza, Hook. 23
undulata, Lindl.. . 27
Vipani, Rchb. f. . . 54
Wightiana, Lindl. . 62

talum concanense,

SCH "air! Wightii, Rchb.f.. . 54
hydsuricum, Edgew. 347, sp. Grif. . . . . 51
montanum, Dalz.. . 346| sp.Jones . . . . 52
serotinum, Bot. Reg. 346 | VANDEE . . .. 1

Uvularia Betua, Ham. 359 | Vanilla, Swartz. . . 90
calcarata, Wall. . . 359 albida, Bl.. . . . 91

chinensis, Gawl. . . . 860 |

aphylla, Bl. P. . 9l

793 INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page
aphylla, Lindl. . . 90
Griffithii, Rchb. f. . 91
Moonii, Thw. . . . 90
Parishii, Rchb, f. . 90
pterosperma, Lindl.. 89
rubiginosa, Griff. . 89
Walkerie, Wt. . . 90
Wightiana, Lindl. . 90
sp. Grif. . . . . 91
sp. Wall. . . .. 91
Veratronia malayana,
Miq. . . . . .391
Veratrum ? malayanum,
Jack. . . . . 391
Vignea, Beauv. . . . 700
canescens, Reichb. . 706
divulsa, Reichb. . . 703
incurva, Reichb. . 700
muricata, Reichb. . 703
remota, Reichb. . . 706
stenophylla, Reichb. 701
Vitis sp. Wall. . . . 290
Vrydagzynea, Bi. 906,179
albida, Bl.. . . . 97
gracilis, Bl. . . . 97
viridiflora, Hk. f. . 96

Wailesia Zë reen
Rehb . . 19
picta, Lindl - .. 19
Wallichia, Rozb. . . 418
caryotoides, Rozb. . 419
caryotoides, Wall. . 419
densiflora, Mart. . 419
disticha, T. Anders. 419
nana, Griff. . . . 420
oblongifolia, Griff. . 419
Yome, Kurz . . . 419
Websteria limnophila,
S. H. Wr. . . .654
Wisneria, Mich.. . . 561
triandra, Mich. . . 562
Wolffia, Horkel . . . 557
arrhiza, Wimm. . 557
Delilii, Kurz . . . 557
Michelii, Schleid. . 557
microscopica, Kurz. 558
Wrightia caryotoides,
Roxb.. . . 419
Wurfbainia, Giseke . 241

Xerotes leucocephala,Br. 664
Xiphion Aitchisoni,

Zephyranthes tubis-

Zerumbet speciosum,

Zeuxine, Lindl. . 106, 179

Baker. . . 272
Donianum, A lefeld. 272
XYRIDEZ . . ; 964

Xyridion aureum, Klatt 273 |
Nothum, Klatt . . 272 |

Page!
spurium, Klatt . . 272

Xyris, Linn. . . . . 364)

anceps, Lamk. . . 364)
bancana, Miq. . .366
capensis . . . . 366
indica, Linn. . . 964
indica altera, Vahl . 965
lappacea, Heyne. . 366
malaccensis, Steud.. 365
nilgarensis, Steud. . 365
oryzetorum, Miq.. . 365
pauciflora, Willd. . 365
robusta, Mart. . . 364
schoenoides, Mart. . 365
Walkeri, Arn. . . 365
Wallichii, Kunth. . 365
sp. Griff. . . . . 365

Yoania, Mazim. . 123, 180 |

japonica, Mazim. . 123 |

Zalacca, Reinw.. . . 472.

affinis, Grif. . . . 472|
Beccarii, Hk. f. . . 474|
conferta, Grif. . . 473

edulis, Reinw. . .472|

edulis, Wall . . . 473 |
glabrescens, Griff. . 473 |

macrostachya, Griff.. 473 |
Rumphii, Griff. . . 473 |
secunda, Griff. . 472 |
Wallichiana, Mart. . 473 |

Zannichellia, Linn. . 568!

gibberosa, Reichb. . 568.
palustris, Linn. . . 568|
pedicellata, Ham. . 568 |
pedunculata, Reichb. 568 |

Zantedeschia aromatica, |

C. Koch. . . . 532)
cordata, C. Koch.
fætida, C. Koch . . 532.
rubens, C. Koch . , 532
virosa, C. Koch . . 524

patha, Herb. . . 277

Jacq. . . . . . 256
Zingiber, Lest. . .247

abbreviata, Hk. f. . 109
affinis, Benth.. . . 108
bracteata, Wt. . . 106
brevifolia, Wt. . . 106
emarginata, Lindl. . 107
flava, Benth. . . . 108
goodyeroides, Lindi. 107
integerrima, Lindl. . 106
longifolia, Hk. f. . 109 |

Page
longilabris, Benth. . 107
membranacea, Lindl. 106
moniliformis, Griff. . 105
moulmeinensis, Hk.f.109
nervosa, Benth. . . 108
procumbens, Bl. . .1 ~
regia, Benth.. . . l»3
reniformis, Hk. f. . 107
robusta, Wt. . . . 106
sulcata, Lindl. . . 106
Tripleura, Lindl. . 106
Zingiber, Adans . . 243
barbatum, Wall. . 24i
capitatum, Rozb. . 248
Casumunar, Rozb. . 248
cernuum, Dalz. . . 245
chrysanthum, Rose. . 243
Clarkeiy King . . 2 7
Clifordie, Andr.. . 248 P
oylindricum, Moon. 247 ri
elatum, Roxb.. . . 249 |
flavescens, Link . . 243
gracile, Jack . . . 246
Griffithii, Baker . . 246
intermedium, Baker 246
ligulatum, Rowb.. . 245
ligulatum, Wall. . . 243
macrostachyum, Dalz. 247 |
marginatum, Roxb. . 24° |
Missionis, Wall. .24 `
montanum, Link . . .24 |
nigrum, Gaertn. . . 25a]
Nimmonii, Dalz.. . 244,
officinale, Rosc. . .2- |
panduratum, Rosb. . 24 |
pardocheilum, Wall. 2+
Parishii, Hk. f. . .2
purpureum, Rose. . 2
roseum, Rosc.. . . 24
rubeus, Rorb.. . .2
spectabile, Grif.. . 24
spurium, Kon. . . 247
squarrosum, Roxb. . 244
squarrosum, Wt.. . 24
Wightianum, Thw. . 244
Zerumbet, Smith . 24
sp. Bl. . . . . .24
sp. Griff. . . . .24
sp. Hance . . . .24
ZINGIBEREE . . . 19
Zostera ciliata, Forsk. 57
uninervis, Forsk. . 57
Zosterostylis Arachnites,
Bl. . .
Walkere, Wt.. . . 11
zeylanica, Lindl.. . 1
Zygomenes axillaris,
Spr. . . . .