List of plants collected by Emanuel Samuels, in Sonoma County, California, in 1856.

141

polita, antic® striis cincta ; vertice obtuso, impresso, imperforato ;
basi acut® rotundato. Apertura antrorsum dilatata; labro vix
reducto; columella curté, imperforata. Axis 4 millim.; diam.
2 millim. From China Seas. W. 8S. :
CYLICHNA CONSOBRINA. T. cylindracea, abbreviata, antice
_ Angustata, postice truncata, solidula, albida epidermide fugacis-
simo induta, transversim striatula; vertice indentato, angulato.
_ Apertura angusta, recta, labro ad apicem planulato; columella
abbreviata, torta. is 6 millim.; diam. 2+ millim. Taken
on the west coast of Jesso. L. M. ‘Bguires Size and gene
rm of ©. triticea, but less rounded at extremities and pillar fold
less obvious. ©. corticata, Miill. is nearly the same.

AcTx0N SECALE. T. parva, elongato-ovata, tenuis, straminea,
postica polita vel linea’ subsuturali inseulpta, anticé striis puncta-
tis cincta; anfr. 4 tabulatis ultimo ? long. teste : apice obtuso.
Apertura 3 long. teste vix superans, auciculate: postice acuta,
_anticé bené rotundata ; columella conspicué torté. Axis 4 millim. ;
diam. 2 millim. From the China Seas. W. S. -

_ Buccinvutus stricosus. T. ellipsoidea, elongata, solidula,
sulcis volventibus punctatis ia interspatiis fusco et albido cate-
-natis, et fascia albidé mediana, suturali et anticali ornata ; anfr. 5,
ultimo ? long. teste swe Apertura 2 long. teste, peran-
“i Besta 5 columella profundé excavaté.. Axis 8 millim; diam.
Inhabits Loo Choo and Kagosima. W. S.
Piicinarkahle for its small size and slender form. Some pee
mens are much shorter than others and nearly without the a: re
lines ; so that the species appears to be quite variable. <

Lioria sotipuna. T. ovato-conica, depressa, solida, albida,
modicé umbilicata ad 12-plicata, lira ad peripheriam, altera sub ;
suturali, alteraé basali foveata; umbilico Gentato 5. anfractibt

_ in 25 fathoms off the coast of China. W.S. Allied to L.
_nii and L. cidaris, but differing in the umbilicus. |

Lrorra tocutosa. T. parva discoidea, solida, cinerea $ anfr.
heriam b

‘é + oa arate naptraerer Besar

Migeour: Bor

Mawean Sabntae

At.79.¢

142

lato, costis ad angulos tubuloso-nodosis lyrato ; sutura crenulata ;
umbilico amplo, profundo, crenulato. Apertura circularis ; —
reflexo quadricristato. Axis 2 millim.; diam. 5 millim.

its Loo Choo. W.S.

Liot1a FULGENS. ‘T. parva, discoidea, aureo-margaritacea,
lamina calearea ochracea incrustata; anfr. 3+ citd crescentibus,
ultimo ad peripheriam carinis binis acutis rufo-tessellatis cincto,
interspatio concavo; subtus crateriformis. Apertura ampla cir-
cularis inferior ; labro expanso, lobulato. Axis 2 millim.; diam.
5 millim.

Tnhabits St. Simon’s Bay, Cape of Good Hope. W.S. Very
like Delphinula bicarinata, Ad. and Ry., which has a more ele-
vated spire and unequal keels.

Liorra AsTERIscus. T. minutissima, solida, alba, conica,
costis elevatis acutis obliquis ad 20 sulco subsuturali sulco utro-
que ad peripheriam et umbilicum ambiente aratis ; anfr.
4 convexis. Apertura circularis peristomate erasso duplici
radiante ; fauce margaritacea. Diam. 1.5 millim. ; axis 1 millim.
Inhabits Hong Kong. W.S. Very — but evidently adult
and perfectly well characterized.

CycLoOsTREMA MODESTUM. T. parva, Tein solidula, lac-
tea, supra convexiuscula, infra leniter concava, perforata ; anfr. 4
sulcis yolventibus clathratis cinctis quorum subsuturali majori.

rtura circularis; labro crenulato. Diam. 4 Nailin. axis
2 millim. Inhabits Hong Kong. W. S.

Mr. C. J. Sprague presented the following :—

List oF PLANTs COLLECTED By EMANUEL SAMUELS, IN
Sonoma Country, Catirornia, in 1856. By Asa Gray,
M. D.

The plants named below were ‘pale by Mr. Samuels dur-
ing a year’s residence in California, and form part of the collec-
tiens made under the auspices of the Boston Society of Natural
History and the Smithsonian Institution at Washington. Mr.
Samuels made collections in all the departments of Zotlogs and
Botany, and the frequent rarities in his small but interesting
collection bear testimony to his close observation and assiduity.

MrSSOURL Botany Niaaw
Cannan Lamesa

143

Although there are no undescribed species, several have been but
recently discovered during the Pacific Railroad Exploring Expe-
ditions, and are described in the Government Reports of those

, Nutt.
om — peduneulata Torr. § Gr. 62.
? a, Doug.

Expeditions.

trictum
9. Delphi inium ; devctum, Fisch. g Mey. oF

a Ssymbvium deflexum, Havecy! 56.
17. Tropidocarpum m scabriuscul um, 57.
re “

ae 1. Thalictrum dioicum, L. ? a i a Nutt.
id 2. fea eae Californicus, Benth. runcata, Nuit.
“ 3. ee . var, 2 o ntea, Hook.
ea 4, ices nadensis, L. ve ca eked venosus, Muhl.
= 5. Delphinium nudioal Torr. § Gr, polymorphus, Nute
i 6. a aati um a m, Mz. . — physodes, Dougl.
ts pte ah, orbicularis, Lindl.
8. ns x, Doug. var. 49. Tem albopurpureum, Jorr. ¢

Tsiflium ieorpape Benth.

3 10. Eschscholtzia Californica, Cham atum, Lindl.
: 11. Platystemon Californicum, Benth. ‘. . aie m, Nutt tt.
a 12. Nasturtium lyratum, Nutt. Ct. fue catum, Lindl
13, Turritis glabra, L. 54. Hosackia bicolor, Doug. ¢ Benth.
ry Card ca paucisecta, ae cilis.
tenuisecta, B 55.

Hosackia parviflora, Benth.
oe

2) Purshiana, Benth.

58. gracilis, Benth.
18. Erysimum asperum, De. 59. Lupine erie Deougl.
18 a. Eeyatinins m elatum, Nutt. 60. ec, Pee

19. Lepidium nitidum 61.

38. St anishatas Mocca R. Br.
39. Rhus Californica, Nutt.
“ diversiloba, Torr.

‘y.

Mas Chara elegans Lin

80. Mi
- §& Gr. 81. Tillea sebatink, Miers.
41, Mesembryanthemum dimidiatum, 82. Lithophragma p

“

dias ifloru
2 latifolius, ya

Me o
br pptnine “Se. ac peornites fabacea, DC. var.
2 23. Silene Gallica, L.
‘- 24. Alsine Do ii, Fenzl. 5. & ttalta gue Torr. ng Gr.
> 25. Sagine procumbens, L. m Acena trifida, Ruiz ¢ Pav.
26. Calandrinia Menzieeii, Hook. 67. Po tentilia anserina, L.
c. 27. Clayto onia perfoliata, Don. 68. glandulosa, Lindl.
28. Lewisia rediviva, Pursh. 69. F a Chilensis, Hhrh.
29. — peer Lar, Gray. 70. Rubus vitifolius, Cham. § Schlecht.
30. aly; ibe ora, Gray. 71. Crategus sanguinea, P
pes humilis, Gra ay. ouglassii, Torr. ¢
82. Linum Onlifoemiouna Benth = Enothers deni Ses
83. Geranium Carolinianum, L. tata,
34. eens macrophyllum, Hook. ¢ _ = vals, Nutt.
75. ig cheiranthifolia, Hornem.
35. sd m cicutarium, L’ Her. 76. he Lindleyi, Dougl.
86. Oxalis cornic ore L. be yu
37. ii “

an Californicn, Torrey.

arviflora, Nutt.

144

83. eye heterophylla, Hook.

84. been lobata, Ruiz g Pav.
85. Eryngium articulatum, Hoo:
86. Sanieula bipinnatifida, Dougl.
87. ‘“ © Menziesii, Hook. § Arn.
- nema Hook. § Arn.
89. oides, Hook. § Arn
90. ee amie, Tors. i Gr.
i en leiocarpum

Gr.
93. Sega pens a -ongo ee
94. n, Nut
95. Dauens ps, Me. 8 aeee
Gr.

96. is morrhiza nuda, sige
= pedies era involucrata,

rnicum,

Fisch. § M
112. Wyethia angustifolia, Nutt.
113. Monolopia major, DC.
114. Burrielia chrysostoma,

115. Burrieli ia —, DC.

He. 4% ars aie

a7. Files’ Cale DEC.
118. Achyrachena one, " Bchamer.
119. tay magiiichrce) platyglossa,

Gray.
120. Layia (Calliglossa) Douglasii,
Gray.

Torr. §

DE.
tintindianed >}.

eeraifalium, Torr. § 13

127. Artemisia Ludoviciana, Nuéé. vel
vulgaris, var.

128. Gnaphalium panto DC.

129. oe purpureum,

130. by Iuteo-album.

131. er eronicoides, De.

132.

. var.
s (introdu ncéd).
m Californicum, Gray.
‘ Calais Bigelovii, Gray.
é sylvatica, B
, erage ie 3 nchus retrorsus, Benth.
137. heterophyilus,

Nutt.
Rinobas “aaemgion Li
asper, Vill.
vv Downingia ster ns, Tory
. Githopsis rhea Benth. var.
hi , Nutt

142. denies cialis a, L.

142 a. Plant os Pucagicion: var. gna-
phalioides.

143. Armeri Willd. var.

144. Dodecatheon eonerees: =

145. ri 7

146. Scrophulari

147. Collinsia bartsizfolia, Benth.

bicolor, Benth.

1
149. Mina (Diplacus) glutinosus,

150. Mimulus luteus, Z.

a, L.
4 Cast pile, Benth.

>

glasii ?
na Orthocarps Sethi Benth.
157.

castilleioides, Benth.
158. nie faucibarbatus, Gray.
4 purpurascens, =
160. Pedicularis attenuata, Be
- Verbena prostrata, R.
162. Monarda villosa, var. leptosiphon,
Torr. (M. Sheltoni, Torr.)
163, P glasii,
506s ultiflora, Benth.
165. , L.
1

145

169. Amsinckia spectabilis, Fisch. g 203.

204.
170. Eritrichium fulvum, A. DC. ? 205
iff. Chorisianum, DC? 206
172. oe s
173. Cynoglossum grande, 207
174. Nem one parvifora, Bae ith. 208. All
175. a, Fisch. Gg Mey. 209.
176.

177.

¢ uifolia, Thurber.
178. Ponca eieinata, Jacquin.
179. a di ivaricata, Benth.

aa tin eat, enth,

181. Navara cotulefolia, Hook. ¢

Arn
ke = schillesefolia, Benth.

184 221
185. multicaulis, Benth. 222
186. “ androsacea, St 223.
aes Pee sp. 224
ag. 22
189. Bytes Muhlenbergii, Griseb. 226
190. ee recone! roarg

191. Solanum umbelliferu - 227
192, 228.

193. Briogonum e elongatum, Benth.
. Chorizanthe Sonera k Benth.
195. Douglasii, Benth.

196. sp.
197. ocak dictyosperma, Fisch.

Plies
oi Alisma Plantago, ZL.
. Luzula antec DC.

202. Si tiachhind: ewe £,

6 esse Be nth.
Phact Sea 5 Benth. var.

182. Natdieretin conse ae Benth.
83. ag seri , Hook. ¢

4 Ghitopodini. satan.
rae

eres

236.
237.

5. Sitanion elymo

s Chil
. Pteris aquilina, L.
2. Gymnogramma triangulare,

. Aspidium argutum

Iris macrosiphon,
Anticle:

x pce lanceolata, var. flori-
unda, Benth.

a,

: Calcoras san Dougl.
atum, Hook.

a, Benth.
& mir Benth.

q “ onges

; Seubert laxa, Kunth.

. Calliprora lutea, Lindl.

: pa bench elegans, Lindl.
. Trillium o
7. Car

tum, Pursh.

ex, ee
oe ape L.
tis hae

220. Aira aan es, Trin.
- Melica tatbrtinta, a
s

we

idan, Rak

; ype Dalene, Hook. F

‘ Kecleria cristata, Pers.

Polyp Sone intermedium, Hook.

: Adiantum Capillus-Veneris, Z.

ense, Kaulf.

Kaulf.

Kaulf.
Funaria hygrometr ica, Hedwig.
. Ramalina Menziesii, Taylor.
Chorda

orda filu:
Ceramium pinta: :

ee laciniata.

en

List OF A COLLECTION OF DRIED PLANTS MADE BY L. J.
tus, AT Fort Trson, anp Vicinity, CALirornia,

NEAR Lat. 35°, anp Lone.

2 .

1. Clematis ligusticifolia, Nuit.

119,° 1857-8.

By Asa Gray,
eaten

5. Dicentra kor Torr.)
ZH.

A.

6. Mecrops heterophylla, Benth.

7. Stre
PROCEEDINGS B. “ N. H.—VOL. VII.

s heterophyllus, Nutt.
NOVEMBER, 1859.

146

8. arnt imum asperum, DC. var. 18. Frangula Californica, Gray.

tum, Nutt.) 19. Rhus aoe rsiloba, Torr. ¢
9. Rapin sabeas: Linn. “In caf- 20..£sculus Californica, Nutt.
ne &e.” 21. Lapis coenscaah ie Sims.
10. Isomeris arborea, Nutt. 22. r, Lin dl.
ll. Viola. pedunculata, var. petalis 2 23. lept Se Benth. var.
. ribus extus preesertim ee latioribus
o-purpur 4, tereeeas a "Benth.

12. Silene Calitre, Durand, (var. 25.

of S. laciniata.)* 6. Cer ocaies 3 panne Nutt.
13. Calandrinia nea, Hook. 27. Gueters biennis, LZ. var.

14. Claytonia perfoliata, Don. 28. “ bistorta, Nutt. ? :
15. Sidalcea malveeflora, Gray. ee es tenella, Cav.

16. Fremontia Californica, Torr. rubicunda, Lindl.
17. Erodium cicutarium, L’ Her. 3, ‘tes elegans, Lindl.

. CLARKIA XANTIANA (sp. mle foliis linearibus seu
FRO floribus quasi racemosis; calycis tubo ore villosis-
simo ; petalis cuneatis alte bilobis cum aa subulata inter-
posita deorsum in unguiculam latam e tam sensim angusta-

tis; staminibus 8 fertilibus ; stigmatis es late ovalibus brevi-
bus; capsula sessili—An interesting species from its holding an
intermediate position between the original nal Clarkia a pulchella and
CO. (Pheostoma, see Sue the foliage (which, with the
ovaries and flower-buds, is minutely reeccreb igs t) re-
sembling the pane as do the + hea petals, but here the middle
lobe is reduced to a mere lacinula, and the broader and shorter
claw is toothless; while the blossoms are racemosely disposed
along the stem or branches as in C. elegans, in bud
strongly droo There are no scales at the base of the fila-
ments ; but ae ‘tinsel of the short funnel-form tube of the calyx
is evenly and densely bearded with villous hairs. Petals purple
or pink, often with a deeper-colored spot toward the base of the
blade. Capsules rather slender, sessile, or the lowest subSessile.

82. Zauschneria Californica, Presi. 44. Helianthus lenticularis, Dougl.
o3 Epilobium coloratum, Muhi. 45, Cheenactis glabriuscula, DC. var.
34. Mentzelia albicaulis, Dougl. megacephala, Gray, in Pl.
35. Megarrhiza Californica, Torr. ey se
36. Cicuta maculata, L. 6. Burrie! s, DC.
$7. Berula angustifolia, Koch. z Bahia gente, DC.
38. Edosmia Gairdneri, Nutt. 48. “ Wallacei, Gray, in Pl..
39. Peucedanum utriculatum, Nuit. Whi
40. Galium boreale, Z. var. 49, Monolopia majo

r, DC.
41. Erigeron Douglasii, Torr. f. Gray, 50. Layia eile, Hook. ¢ Arn
‘Balsamorhiza deltoidea, Nuit. var. pappo albo; foliis pinnatif-
e Douglasii, DC. idis.

147

51. Madaria corymbosa, DC.
52. Achillea Millefolium, ZL. 8. Collinsia bicolor, Benth

58. Senecio Douglasii, DC 59. ei “var, parviflora.
54. Sonchus asper, Vill. 60. Scrophularia nodosa, L.

55. Calais linearifolia, DC 61. Pentstemon centranthifolius, Benth.
56. Macrorhynchus grandiflorus, Nutt. fol. latioribus.

57. Arctostaphylos glauca, Lindl.
5 >

62. PENTSTEMON BREVIFLORUs, Lindl. var. Shrubby ; lower
leaves short (half an inch or less in length,) oblong or some-
what obovate, very obtuse; sepals glandularvillous (as they
are, less conspicuously, in Douglas’s specimens) ; corolla strong-
ly bearded, especially at the summit of the lobes, with long and
glandular hairs. The expression “labio superiore villoso” does
not adequately express it.

63. PENTSTEMON TERNATUS (Torr. in Mex. Bound. Surv.)
glaber, basi fruticosus; caulibus floridis ramisve virgatis simpli-
cissimis glaucis ; foliis ternato-verticillatis lineari-lanceolatis (pol-
licaribus) utrinque acutis subsessilibus rigidis cartilagineo-serratis
denticulatisve, floralibus subulatis ; panicula angustata ; calyce
(segmentis lanceolato-ovatis) pedicellisque glanduloso-puberis ;
corolla (purpurea ? extus pruinoso-puberula) longé cylindrica,
limbo brevi, labiis wxquilongis, superiore oblongo erecto apice
bifido, inferiore tripartito, sezmentis’ patentibus angusté oblongis ;
filamento sterili corolla dimidio breviore hinc vald barbato.—
Stems or simple branches slender, one or two feet long, leafy to
the inflorescence, the leaves about the length of the internodes.

__ Flowers in a virgate panicle. Tube of the corolla an inch long,

only two lines in diameter, scarcely ampliate at the summit, the
lobes and upper lip only three lines long. Fertile filaments
glabrous except at their base, where they are sparsely hirsute ;
anthers scarcely exserted, glabrous; sterile filament very strongly
bearded on the posterior side for its whole length. A very dis-
tinct species of Bentham’s section LElmigera ; the leaves in threes
in all the specimens. :

64. PENTSTEMON La&TUS (sp. nov.): pallidus, puberulus,
superné glandulosus ; caulibus subpedalibus adscendentibus ;
foliis integerrimis crassiusculis, inferioribus spatulatis seu oblan-
ceolatis in petiolum marginatum attenuatis, superioribus oblongo-
lanceolatis basi laté arcté sessilibus, floralibus parvis; paniculé
Jaxa; pedunculis sepius trifloris; calycis segmentis oblongis
herbaceis immarginatis; corolla ceruleé suy panulato-

148

ampliata, lobis rotundatis subaqualibus ; =e - § Saccan-
thera) rim hispido-ciliatis juxta insertionem villosu ; filamento
sterili glaberrimo apice dilatato——A depauperate ecard of
this is what, in the account of Lieut. Beckwith’s collection,
(Pacific Railroad Explorations, 2, p. 122,) I doubtfully referred
to P. heterophyllus. It proves to be a very distinet ‘species of
the same section, and a handsome one, the (apparently bright
blue) corolla over an inch in lengt

jen 5 ee ones Sc
one Eunanus eto, Beth var.
68. Castilleia affinis, A
9.
R. Expl. 5,
Castilleia linarizefolia, Benth. (Folia
calyx

bes apr tt trifida ;
am. bifidus; corolla nunc

ioe
_
.

co pu cens,
sg Sol belliferam, Esch sch
7A. Satur malalaiiies oH AY Bi
75. Nicotiana, n. n. $p-2 N. plumbagini
folia, var.? Bigelovii, Torr. in

Pacif. R.
76. Mentha Canadensis ‘Tie
77. Monardella candicans, Benth.
7 Ralve. Columba Be h.

a, Ben
- Stachys spyenantt, Benth § var.
‘ foli
1. Amsinckia joctabllx: Finck. g
adeyer.

e2. Amsinckia 3 orice var, minor.
a Eritrichium fulvum, A. DC.
$4. Keyuiizia eissarpa, Fisch. §

85. Eritriehivita 3a Torr.
in Pacif. R. R. 5, p.

86. Eritrichium, n. sp.? too young to —

characterize.
87. hae polo Dougl.
88. Ellisia membranacea, Benth.

89. Phaceta circinata “Jd

90. tan ncetifolia Benth

91. << tenui-
folia, Thurber

92. Phac cia fanicaissimna, Benth. for-
ma

93. sgicmenanthe Deidulifiord, Benth.
94, Eriodyction tomentosum,

95. Gilia densifolia; etiam & clongata,

eB
96. ane achillecfoin Benth.
96.°+* CLinathns dichotoma,
Ben
99. Gilia (Leptsigion androsacea,

100. Apooynain: arpa Saar
. ) tomentosa,

Tor : Mex Bound. pe Urv.
102. Asclepia in foscicnlaris, Decaisne.
103. Mirabilis pueemerntet multi-
ora.

104. Blitum Boia Mae We

105. Eriogonnit sues Benth.

106. m, Benth.

107. Ctiorfeadtbe badea heres Nutt.
{An C. staticoides, var. ?)

108. Cuort ZANTHE (Mucron BA) PERFOLIATA (sp. nov.

subzequalibus sabia
eras 2—4—dentatis nates erosis,

tis; perigonii segmentis exteriori-

interioribus magis laciniato-fim-

A ae

149

briatis——Repeatedly dichotomous from the annual root, divari-
cate-diffuse, a sessile and solitary involucrum in each fork; on the
branchlets the involucres rather crowded and somewhat spicate

me leaves to bracts. Radical leaves spatulate. The cauline

are larger, less lobed, more amplexicaul, (and most of
a really perfoliate,) and the angles or lobes less awn-pointed
than in Mucronea, Benth.) Californica ; the four triangular
teeth of the involucre also tipped with a shorter awn, not ex ceed-
ing the perigonium when that is fully developed ; the divisions of
the latter, especially the three inner ones, conspicuously fimbri-

: ate-le iniate. Otherwise this plant closely resembles Bentham’s

of the genus from Chorizanthe, notwithstanding the peculiarity of
abit. Centrostegia, with a similar habit, is distinguishable only
by the spurred appendages of the involucrum, and is probably to
be reduced, along with Mucronea, to a section of Chorizanthe.
To this, however, does not belong Remy’s C. commissuralis, which
differs from true Chorizanthe merely in the laxer inflorescence.
Acanthogonum, Torr. (which has a short-pedicelled flower and
nine stamens,) is. an interesting link, plainly connecting Lastar-
riea, Remy, with the other Eriogoneous genera. The verticil-
late upper leaves Of the latter answer to the involucre, which,
however, incloses a proliferous shoot as well as a flower.

109. Anemonopsis Californica, Nuté. 117. Calochortus venustus, Benth.
110. te albomarginata, Torr. 118. Juncus xiphioides, E. Meyer.

stipulacea, Enge 119. Polypogon Monspeliensis, Linn.
ana cee lobata, Née, ( (Q. Tindeti, 120. Triticum repens, Linn
Benth.) Foliage only. 21. Elymus dasystachys, Trin. ex
112. Ephedra pinclmrne — Munro in Pl. Hartw., p. 342
113. Epipactis America (= forma luxurians, Hartw. No.

114. Brodizea capitata, ee
indl.

2032.
~145. Calliproa lutea, Lindl. 122. Allosorus andromedzefolius, Kaulf.

116. Tritelia laxa, Lindl.

Dr. C. T. Jackson announced that the wax-plant of
Japan (Rhus succedaneum) had been made to vegetate
at the forcing houses in Washington ; it grows there vig- :
orously, and will doubtless prove suitable for the South-

ern States ney He also stated that the experiment

150

of the introduction of the tea-plant bids fair to be sue- 7
eessful in the United States.

An engraving of Linneus, at the age of bveray- fe
in his Lapland costume, was presented in the name o
Mr. William Sharswood, of Philadelphia. It was ex-
ecuted in Berlin, from a photograph taken from an oil
painting in the Library of the Zodlogical Society at Am-
sterdam. It represents the young naturalist holding in —
his hand the plant Linnea borealis, and with his girdle
ornamented with various botanical and entomological
implements.

September 7, 1859.
‘Dr. C. T. Jackson, Vice-President, in the Chair.

Mr. T. J. Whittemore read some notes taken at Mo-
hawk, Herkimer Co., N. Y., in August, 1859.

Mohawk is situated on the delta of what was probably a con-
siderable stream, at an early period, flowing into the Mohawk
valley, and may have been a lake or estuary ; Fulmer’s creek, on
which it is situated, is now a small mountain stream. Dr. Lewis,

1. 6 of the Proceedings, gives 87 species of 17 genera of
shells found in this region, embracing Little Lakes, and Schuy-
ler’s Lake; 18 species have since been added.

“Little Lakes,” in Warren township, are 800 feet above the
river, the area of which formerly extended over much which is
now swamp, underlaid with soil of the same character as the
bottom of the lakes. The upper of the two lakes is about three
quarters of a mile long, and its whole bottom is of marl, and filled
_ with living and dead shells, many of which are fossil. This marl

. is 14 feet deep, by examination ; the lake is shallow, and fur-
nishes fine pickerel and other fish, and numerous shells,—the

- lower lake contains more of a black muck bottom; the shells,
_ fishes, and reptiles are the same in both lakes, but the shells grow __

*