The Missouri Botanical Gardens /by Henry V. [sic] Clarke.

awwic.

THE GRAPHIC.

THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDENS.

_HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE.

On the western outskirts of the eity of St. Louis lies
glorious monument to the life-work of one of her
* rat loyal-hearted citizens—the Missouri Botanical
® _the outgrowth of a private pleasure that has
become a great public good. It is the lasting and
living memorial of the labors and nobly-conceived pur-
noses of Henry Shaw, and the memory of his never-
failing interest in this work of the best years of his life
is perpetuated by the name, “Shaw’s Garden,” in spite

(OcroBta a», im

is will these trustees were appointed—The Mayor
i St Louts, the Episcopal Bishop of the Diocese of

tt had been too crowded for the indol-

limitless n
three hundred
earth. Here, along these paths he strode, had been the
i Conqueror, and William Cavendish,

had watched the growth of the work with the great¬
est interest, and had done much to aid It, was made an
honorary trustee, as was also Prof. Spenser F.

Smithsonian Institute. To the able body

nearly half his lif<

spects did—- r --

he had anticipated, and in th<
same year he reached St.
and started out in business with

a small stock of cutlery furnished-

Inborn bnslness ability and frugal habits
foundation of success, and as the years roL.
became a prosperous merchant, loved and respected by
his fellow-citizens, hut at no time aspiring to more than
a quiet and unassuming position among them. Each
year profit and capital increased, and finally, in 1839,
when account was taken of the annual gains they were
found to exceed $25,000—“more,” said Shaw, in after-
telling the story,

circumstances should make in a single year. ' rum

with a consistency as remarkable as the view he took of
his good fortune, he retired from business life, purpos¬
ing to be a free and satisfied man for the rest of his
days, though he was scarce two-score. A quarter of a
million seems now hut moderate wealth, in these days
when millionaires are far from rarities, bnt in the for-
ties such a sum was worth full four times as much; and
so, with no one hut himself to care for, he might well
feel that, carefully Invested, two hundred and fifty
thousand made him thoroughly independent. And to
show how well he knew just where to best place this
fortune, it la only necessary to recall that the assessed
valuation of the real estate he bequeathed the Botanical
Garden now aggregates over a million and a quarter.

It was natnral that after his retirement he should
wish again to visit his home in England, and, accord¬
ingly, during the next five years he twice crossed the
waters and made extended journeys through conti¬
nental Europe. Well, too, was he fitted to be an all¬
observant traveler, and he found In all he saw and
heard an education which broadened and elevated his
ideas and conceptions and exercised a marked influence
over his after-life, yet gladly he returned to the country
of his choice and to the city in which he had spent
twenty years of active and happy pursuits, and only
once more did he see his fatherland.

It was on this journey and in an historic spot that the

spirit of the man more truly far than cm

m 1^1859^00 petition of Henry Shaw, the MissonriGen-
erXmbiyWl» act enabling ^toesteNisha
permanent board of trustees to whom to bequeath the
Botanical Garden and the endowment thereof, and by

be held the children of Nature, to whom his fife-work
was devoted. It is a bequest of two hundred dollars a
year to the Episcopal Bishop of Missouri, to be paid by
him to such minister of the Gospel as h *"*

be preached In on

St. Louis’

THE GRAPHIC.

a politicians.

■where good, bad and indifferent__ „„

StiU it is highly informatory and interesting. The
author of “Cross Currents," Miss Mary Angela Dickens
is a granddaughter of Charles Dickens. She does not,’
howerer, in this work show any trace of her grand¬
father’s brilliant genius.—Somewhat misleading Is the

title of Walter Besant’s “ London." The book does not
deal with modern London, the time of George H being

guage? To be sure, a very

relatively no farther from
civilization than that of
Peeherah, whichin European

screams and yells. Beeh-
stein has noted that the chaf¬
finch expresses a joyous

“Fink," and anger by
“Fink—Fink—Fink I” sor¬
row and sympathy by “Trif
—Trif.” Houzeau has found
that the common hen has at
least ten distinct sounds,
well understood by the
chickens. Rengger observed
that the long-tailed Cebns
of South America expressed
astonishment by a sound

THE GRAPHIC.

331

AUG 3 H

EAT BBT

ii London will present a petition to Queen
Victoria asking her to refuse to confirm the selection
of Aldermen Stewart Knlll as Lord-Mayor of London
because he Is a Catholic. The petitioners will probably
be snubbed.—Mr. Gladstone’s majority in the House of
Commons has been reduced to thirty-nine by the defeat
of his candidate, Mr. Harry Lauson, in one of the
divisions of Gloucestershire, England.—Thomas Neil],
said to be an American, is on trial in London on the
charge of murdering four unfortunate girls by admin¬
istering poison to them.—At a meeting in Manchester,
England, of cotton operatives, representing the whole

>n of 5

a, Wales, established

English cattle breeders advoci
quarantining all live stock exc<

directed chiefly against Ame
increasing competition, the c

closing of the works will throw 700 person
employment.

France.—' Trouble is feared at Carmaux,

a strike for some time. A political aspect
given the trouble, and many members of the

now in Carmaux —Paul Ddrouldde, the noted B
member of the Chamber of Deputies, is sei
from an attack of cholerine.

Germany.— Emperor William has signed C
von Caprivi’s military bill, and has empowen

socialist, t<

made by Herr Bebel, the German
•ganize the employes of tramway and
mies in Berlin, at a midnight meeting of
the men in that city, resulted in only nine men being
induced to form a union.—Herr von Brandt, German
minister to China, has resigned.

inaugurated as President of the Argentine Republic, and
has formed his cabinet as follows: Minister of the in¬
terior, Manuel Quintana; minister of foreign affairs,

Calisto de la Torre; minister of war and marine, Ben¬
jamins Victories —The Venezuelan trouble still holds the
attention of South America, though it is generally
believed that the war is over and that peace will soon
be restored.

Lake Como, in Italy, has overflowed its banks and a
number of towns in the vicinity are flooded. Consider¬
able damage is reported. Floods in the province of
Genoa are growing disastrous.

THE GOVERNORSHIP OF WASHINGTON.

same time as the vote for the Nation
;nt State officers, at the head of wl

though the latter h

born in Taylor county, Virginia, now West Virginia,

Washington, in 1885. He was educated at the Univer¬
sity of West Virginia and at the University of Vir¬
ginia, having taken the degree of Master of Arts at the
former and the degree of Bachelor of Laws at the latter.
He was District Attorney of Yakima and other counties

the last Washington Territory Code Commission, and

first State election. He was elected as Representative
from Yakima county in 189(1 and was a delegate to the
recent National Democratic Convention at Chicago, and
seconded the nomination of Cleveland.

The Republican nominee for Governor is Mr. John H.
McGraw, a prominent banker of Seattle, and a native

the graphic.

THE GRAPHIC.

12 , 1892 .]

the graphic.

357

history of the Agaves of the garden—a new
i, presented by Dr. Engelmann, blossomed for
it time recorded in the annals of botany, and was
hristened, by Professor Trelease, Agave Engel-
-an appropriate memorial to Dr. Engelmann’s
•ly work on the Agaves. Of kindred interest is
tier group of plants so characteristic of south-
n North America, the Yuccas, members of the
order Ltliacese. A splendid collection of them is
id in several beds about the grounds, including
more important species; and hundreds of the
on variety—Yucca filamentosa—are scattered here

* re 8 S ' he place all

the supposed Chrtetrthorn are among the collection.
Side by side stand the wild and the true grape. The
allspice and myrrh represent two of the ‘•sploee” of

these is the stinging nettle—he »

Trelease in soutnem uauiornia aim ™
regions, through which he made an extended botanical
expedition in the interest of the garden. This trip also
added many valuable Cacti and several Agaves. These
three groups—the Cacti, Agaves and Yuccar-are espe¬
cially well represented; and this we must consider a
most wise provision, since a field is thus offered for the
study of these forms of vegetation peculiar to the
■ren lands of Mexico and the adjacent portion of the

the beauty of

!?Z' ,)f a ce! "and especially appreciated, because so
rerelv do we see them thus thriving ont-of-doors. When
£2 the secret of their treatment, Ur Onr-Tjb.

to'palmswere'wbUered were kept cool
^1 Id-too S to allow them to grow. Thus.

imens of 1

i Ficus and Musa—the figs and bananas—are
nomics of particular interest, and many
>th are to be counted. 8ome superb spec-
e India-rubber trees (Ficus Indica and T.
nament the Parterre, and a noticeable
variety is the famed Australian banyan (Ficus macro-
phylla), a plant of which stands prominently m the
foreground in the photograph of economic plants (Fig.
2). The collection of economic plants, for the most
part tropical, is one of the most instructive features of
the garden to the average visitor. The species number
several hundred and are bedded out over a considerable
area just west of Strobel’s House. Winding paths
twisting through the beds make it possible to show_ t e
whole number to advantage, and a careful examination
is a profitable investment of time. To catalogue even
a few of them here is hardly possible, for dozens ot
them are of equal interest and no satisfactory reasons
could be offered for mentioning a particular few.
Many are medicinal, some deadly poison when taken
internally, like the Strychnos nux vomica; 1

violent blood and skin poisons, as the devil- ree
India, the sandbox, and the fabled deadly upas of Java
and the ordeal-nut of Madagascar. Some are del cions
edibles-the sugar cane, the pineapple and
famed mangosteen of Africa; still others i
Plants, valuable timber trees, gum-bearing tre<
on ad infinitum.

Trees and shrubs innumerable ar
beautiful evergreens, iw^^ y “ d

loaded down with fruit,

there are hedges, hedges o,

btaXde’Tflue old English gentleman’ through and
through.” ... hm not been mentioned. It

yea-s’conreeof stud/ ^ ^ arrauged. The

practical work in me s y,, dlrecWr and his

pupils are under -toe ^ ofbred to aid them

assistants, and every °PP°" ’ iB aU the depart-

tahecomiug skmed a^WdSctotiu^ ^ .

l and so

358

THE GRAPHIC.

MUSIC AND DRAMA.

The reception accorded Dr. Antonin Dvorak, who has
assumed the directorship of the National Conservatory
of Music in New York, was most cordial. The leading
he country unite in the expression that
~>r. Dvorak is a valu-

wenton the stage at thirteen and became
fifteen. Mr. Gerry, of the Society for Pres
Cruelty to Children, it' ‘ “

the injury sustained by children undertaking the
duons work of theatrical life at an early age.—3"

Bernhardt is playing in St. Petersburg, Russia.—

Kiralfy’s great spectacular production w*~<

Chicago in April next •

Local —Lottie Collins has been at the
House this week. Chafes Frohman'i

present “Settled out of Court” att]-_,

short engagement beginning November 21.—“A Knotty indignities if

Affair” has been holding the boards at the Haymarket gian passports
Theater—“Friends Across the Potomac,” which began ——"-" ’

that a careful canvass of the si
shown 15,000 workingmen
and 8,000 si “

l might stand
alone as a symphonic

titles of the parts are
—Nature, Life and

-. Dvorak is possessed of an

excellent faculty of keeping his forces under perfect
control and of obtaining the most delicate gradations
of tone.—Gilmore’s Band is to be continued under the
same plans that were adopted by the late leader. A
trip called the Columbian tour of the band was begun
about two weeks ago. All the principal cities will be
visited. Colonel D. W. Reeves will be the conductor
and Charles A. Barcher manager. The band will be in

- Theater.—Roland Reed has Ferreira, oi

--™ Grand Opera Hi- ” .

‘A Trip to Chinatown” will begin

20th.— 1

lowed by the “Spider

FOREIGN.

ah* akii Ibelasd.— The British Cabinet

nt at this —It is reported

present “The celebration of t

Mr. Morley, Chief Secretary for Ireland, will propose t
the Cabinet to release all political prisoners in Ireland
—The President of the English Board of Agriculture

; ~ ooara oi Agriculture -,

refuses to repeal the prohibition against the imports- on ' Chol<
tion of live cattle into England —In consequence of the stea mship

appalling. The deaths there are estimated
000 to 40,000. The people going any distance
■ carry tags, with the name and address there-

Cholera is also raging at Hankow.—The German

“T "'" neorew eatuses of the bicycle, the appearance of the Toledo,
3h barefooted through Ohio, Cadets in the great military parade at Chicago on

his son, the Duke of York, will ^Uhe Chtea^Col^ fl^^cf 0 “rBiCTC^to’tt 8 A^ 01
bianExposttion.-Miss Cozens, a noted female suffrag- inter^- * * *”“■ 1

d n ““J®* 11118of the Woman’s Emancipation Union, Far-rea.

if usefulnes

ir wrongs.—On and after March 3, n

may confidently be expected in
" “j rneaua remote. The bicycle, with its

light and graceful metallic construction, its remarkable
strength in proportion to its weight, its noiseless rub-

-to Steamship Company will dispatch all

^vessels from Southampton, Eng., instead of Liver, her t£e* both K. _ _ lOTrlolnt

ssz : sssass

he^chstag

disperse the crowd.

.—Emperor William will O]

m person on November 22. The ar_ „ m aral
engage the attention of the body. The Prussian Land-

st perfect scientific principles,

sr 9, pact 0

reforms proposed bv Dr euperuuous; i

. 7 U with such smooth pavements mechanical traction Wm

be practically as easy without any rails whatever.

" m therefore be °sed only for swift transit
and freight transportation, and will have their own ex¬
clusive rights of way, probably both overhead and
° nder B ronnd - The “conductivity” of the streets, so

Miquel, Minister
ministerial circle decide

policies.—The army bill
provides for an increase

of motion gained from tl
togeth r with the removal of „

obstruction to travel. Costly widenings, i

he universally si

my will be 64,-
900,000 marks.—It is an¬
nounced that negotiations

, 100 narrow, will therefore

become needless. Multitudes of light vehicles, of
wUras sizes, impelled by electricity, will speed noise¬
lessly in every direction, and bicycles will be numbered

■ pleasure and exercise^ immensely

a their value f

—rwSSSISiL S “• -

vk

376

THE GRAPHIC.

THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN.

III.—THE ARBORETUM, FRUTICETUM AND
TOWER GROVE.

IT

AU6 3 j

THE GRAPHIC.

f the place, its peculiar irresistible charm and
re to be attributed to the unending number
.plendid trees in marrelous variety. On
m and size, planted
seems, just

377

Just behind the pedestal, and a dosen paces from It,
there stands a beautifully-grown little mulberry tree,
round which there Is perpetuated a fascinating remtnla-
cence. It was In the March of 1880 that Adelaide Nellson,
“the incomparable Juliet,” visited St. Louis for the last

stood before it. walked swu. u,
rreecu it irom mis side and that, and, nodding her
head, thoughtfully exclaimed: “ Old fellow, you have
done a great deal for me-a great deal for me r Asked
what she thought of it, she declared that she had “ae
every Shakespeare -

- Gladly she consented, and,

f a short distance from the pedestal, she turned
uer utue boot-heel in the sod. “ Plant it here," she
said. But untimely fate prevented her from ever again
seeing the shores of England; so, after her death, Mr.
Shaw planted, on the spot she marked, a slip from one
of his own choicest mulberries, and now it is growing
up into a stately tree, a living monument to the play¬
wright and the player, while a marble tablet at its foot

Several hundred yards to the east, looking westward
down the boulevard toward the Shakespeare, rises the
Imposing Humboldt—of the three great masterpieces
probably the masterpiece, the crowning tribute to the
sculptor’s skill. In every lineament of countenance
and detail of form and dress is faultless accuracy, and in
the stately, restful poise of all the features can be read
at once the thoughtful reverie of the philosopher, the
keen observance of the naturalist, and the broad con
temptation of the traveler, as if he stood upon a mount-

landscape. The niece of Humboldt saw the‘figure
Munich, and in thanking Shaw for the high honor to
her family, declared that neither Europe nor America
had done anything for the great naturalist comparable
to it. On the front face of the pedestal is the simple

The opposite face bears the inscription: “In honor of
the most accomplished t-aveler of this or any other
age. Erected by Henry Shaw in I8T8.” Of the other
two sides, one bears in relief a view in the valley of

borazo, whose lofty summit the dauntless explorer was

1 the tree-bordered avenue, before the eastern
n all its power the mighty figure of
Hedged the finest monumental statue
the world has ever reared to him. It stands with firmly-
planted feet, like a mariner upon a storm-tossed deck,
i hand an unrolled chart, one limb advanced from

l the west, where lay the goal
drations. Below, two reliefs ,

| prow of the “Santa Maria,” and La Salle

— —-sippi; a third bears the words: “The

XIXth Century to Christopher Columbus;" and the

1 To the discoverer of a new world!”

Thus these three memorials have bscome a vital part
f the broad educational system embraced in the gar-
en and park, for practically garden and park are one
a purpose as well as origin. The park’s usefulness, it
• intended, shall «-“ -

skilled musicians render a carefully
surrounding grove and carriage

PANORAMIC VIEW OF TELE CITY OF LYONS.