FLORA INDICA;
ADVERTISEMENT.
*
Tue sons of my deceased friend Dr. Roxsurea being anxious
that the Frora Inpica, on which he bestowed so many years of
unremitting labour, should be presented without any farther delay
to the scientific world, requested me to superintend the progress of
these Volumes through the press, a request with which I cheer-
~~~ fally‘complied. The first Volume formerly published being out
- of print, it became necessary to reprint it in order to complete the
undertaking ; that volume was enriched by the invaluable notes
and additions of Dr. Wallich ; but as Captains Roxburgh did not
consider themselves at liberty to make use of those additions with-
out the permission of that eminent, Botanist,, they have beep omitted
in reprinting the Volume ; ; the ‘present « dition of the Fiona, to be
completed i in four ‘Volumes, will therefore consist of the MSS. left
late Dr. Roxburgh, without say addition.
W. CAREY.
SERAMPORE,
Dec. 24th, 1831. .
CONTENTS. —> -
* CLASS I. .«
MONANDRIA MONMOUENR 9... 1. tue cus vee Mieke ces
= CLASS Ii. 3
DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA vee ate hee ye, soe egy ee
TRIGYNIA ee i ss ee
CLASS IIL.
TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA «+. ees Ci 5 agains pave Coan
DIGENIA © us. owe ec eee ee OO
ee eee ee
_ @ETRANDRYA MONOGYNIA ee
Eerste DIGNTA_.” oe ica oe
: : TETRAGYNIA «.. we on eae
. : CLASS V, =
| PENTANDRIA WON sas tee cs ee 454
*
i
FLORA INDICA.
a
CLASS IL.
MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
CANNA. Schreb. gen. No. 1. :
_ Anther single, attached to the edge of the petal-like fila-
ment. Style spatulate, growing to, the tube of the corolla.
Stigma linear. Capsule three-celled, artes naked.
C. indica, Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd, 1. 3. 3
Leaves ovate-lanceolate. Segments of the i oe border
of the corol lanceolate, and biden, ae ee ees A eee
_ Sans. Vuna-kelee, Surva-juya,
geen Lat Mee ee the red» Wircty, id Shweta Sur-
Feling el
Katu-bala, Rheed. Mal. 11. p. 85. t.43.
Cannacorus. Rumph, Amb. 5, p. 177. t. 17. fig. 2. |
Common over India, and in Series ed ret paitiol
a the year. re
Observation, The parts of the corolla are. ence ae
in both varieties. C, lutea of Roscoe, must therefore be differ-
_ent, as in that, the inner limb of the corolla is bifid. :
: I i = bn oe . ae a Styl le
_ growing to the t fake of the corolla. Stigma infundibuliform.
[onl . - ee
2 MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Phrynium,
Capsule three-celled, three-valved. Seeds solitary, arilled
at the base. puget a8 uncinate, and furnished with a peri-
—_ |
ei BeNotomen. aus
Shrubby, dichotomous.. Leaves cordate.
Thalia cannaformis. Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd. 1. 16.
Arandastrant. Tonchat seytam. Rumph, Amb, 4. P. 22, ee
et
- Donax Arindastrum. Lourier. Cochin Ch. 15. -
Sans. Vula, Godunika, Bhudra, Bhudroudunee, Shura-
kasthika, Kulyaninee, Bhudra-bula, Ghata, Patee, Vulahwa.
Beng. Moocta-patee, Pattee-patee,* or Madar-patee.
- This elegant shrub, is a native of Bengal, as well as of
various other parts of India, &c. Flowering time he hot
season ; seeds ripen in the rains. —
Root ramous, woody, perennial. Stems straight, taper
and sunple to the branches, about as thick as a man’s thumb,
and from three to five, or six feet high, of a beautiful, high-
ly polished green colour. Branches numerous, dichotomous,
spreading in every direction, smooth like the stem, but joint-
ed at every division,» Leaves alternate, petioled, ovate-cor-
date, smooth, entire, acute, from four to — inches Tongs
veins numerous, very fine and parallel.
except a small portion, one-tenth, or less; at th s¢
is round, ‘and may be calindre hieigaaeyeieder™ ich:
nal, generally solitary, jointed, a little flexuous, Bractes
a in pairs on the joints of the raceme, each put:
ve “ “Mats made of the split stems of this plant, being smooth, z
« and particularly cool, and refreshing, are termed in Hindi Sital-
é ‘pati, which signifies a cool mat, whence the plant itself is said to
“bear the same name. Suspecting, however, this to be a misap=
» * propriation of the term, I have enquired of natives of theeastern _
* parts of Bengal, who assure me, that the plant is named Mucta~
“pata, Nps ae om re iat te is — oor sae —| 2
brooke. —
Phrynium, MONANDRIA. MONOGYNIA, 3
embracing between them a two-flowered. pedicel. Flowers.
paired, on a common pedicel, from the alternate joints of the
rachis, large, pure white. Pedicels.clavate, thick, white, —
and fleshy, near the apex two-parted; divisions unequal,
with two glands at their ends like the rudiments of flowers.
Calyx above, three-leaved; leaflets oblong-conic, tapering to
an acute point, and much shorter than the tube of the corol.
Corol one-petalled, irregular. Tube funnel-shaped. Border
double; exterior of three, equal, linear-oblong, recurved
segments. Inner elevated far above the exterior on a con-
tinuation of the tube, and consists of five very unequal por-
tions: the exterior two are larger, obcordate, with waved,
panding margins; the third or middle one stands opposite
to the first two, is broad, obcordate, deeply emarginate, and
of a middling size between the two exterior, and two interior
segments; on the inside near the base a semilunar body
which projects inward between the anther and. stigma; the
inner. two small, and crown the mouth of the tube, closely
embracing, the stigma and anther.., Filament. short, attach-
ed. to, the margin of the smallest segment of the interior bor-
der of the corol. Anther erect, simple, ovate-oblong. In
this species, as. well as in P. eapitatum, the pollen consists of
remark ably. Jarge round grains.. Germ inferior, villous, three-
celled, with one ovulum in each, attached to the bottom of its
cell. Style growing to, the. inside of the tube of the corol,
and does not appear until above its mouth, when it enlarges
into an infundibuliform, hooked, stigma; surrounded witha
lobate, callous margin, and directed. in an oblique manner
toward the face of the anther, as if in search of it, th
separated by a callous projection from the base of the middle
division of the inner border of the corol, Capsule broad,
turbinate, size of a cherry, rugose, somewhat three-lobed,
Shieecelle, three-valved, opening from bai ag Seed s0- :
ae the net, hom, tinged ‘blues
4 MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Phrynium.
penetrates. from the base pretty far up, separating the two
extremities of the embryo. —_ Vitellus ; none has been disco-
vered in any of the simple-anthered scitaminez which have
been examined by me. Embryo pure white, hooked, with
the Convexity upward, which Soon with the ara
of = wie :
oP. virgatum. R. : ae
- Stems simple. ‘Leaves a lanceolate. Sarees'or ter
minal, filiform, compound, |
A native of Malabar, ‘from thence-sent to the late Dr.
Anderson of Madras for the Cardamom plant, and by him
presented to the Botanic garden at ——— where it blossoms
— the rainy season. cee oe 212 > Seidel oe
~ Root a stout, crooked, tough, Abies horizontal mai |
dy, with numerous, thick, strong fibres therefrom } ave |
‘part void of odour. Stems numerous, erect, six to eight feet
high, jointed, lower joint or two much swelled ; invested in
the sheaths of the leaves, fistulous; the largest are about as
thick as a slender walking cane near the base, and at the top
as thick as acommon quill. Leaves bifarious, short-petioled on
‘their sheaths, lanceolate, polished; from six to eighteen
inches long. . “Sheaths* and petioles smooth and even, except
the inside of the petioles, where there Bw tew long, feed
hairs, Spikes terminal, two'or three toget hey |
very generally two, or three cleft, very’ slender: ‘td often
near a foot long, jointed, with a two-flowered pedicel at each
joint... Flowers pure white, inodorous. Bractes two or three
at each division; and also embracing the two-flowered pedi-
cels, size very various, but the shape ensiform, and channel-
led. Calyx of three, small, distinct, acute, conic, leaflets.
Corol with a very short tube ; exterior border of three, near-
ly equal, oblong, reflexed segments; within are two which
are: —— andl much at rt weir the a conspi
Phryniun. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA, &
form yellow margined hoods for the anther and. stigma.
Filament inserted between two of the inner segments. of the
corol, erect, .Anther one-celled, ovate, Germ. inferior, hairy,
base of three-celled, with. one ovyulum. in,each, attached to:
the axis. Style growing to the short tube of the corol, above
free, and uncinate. Stigma funnel-form: Capsule. oblong-
obovate, size of a field bean, rugose, when ripe pale yellow, .
three-celled, three-valved. . Partitions opposed... Seeds so-
litary, oblong; a small Jobate aril round the umbilicus at the.
base of the seed. Integuments two; exterior brownand glos-
sy, «terior membranaceous. Rained conform. to the seed,
and as in P, eapitatum, &c, a brown substance runs up from
the base, into the arch of the embryo. Eonhrye: smoke
hooked, with the convexity upwards. ‘
Obs, It is almost needless to observe that this oat ei
no relation to that which furnished the Cardamom nat Mala-
bity viz. my se Cardamomum, _ ee Hsiteioneaa
i hits? sip cde kre e8t ths
Pla pk ideals, were sent by, Mr. Felix aes
Pit Pegu, to the Botanic garden at,Calcutta,, where they,
blossom in April and May.
Root perennial, flexuose, creeping horizontally deepi in the
earth, thick as a ratan; fibres numerous from the main body,
- and'spread in all directions, _. Stem none, the sheathing pe-
tioles unite from six to twelve inches in extent, and resemble,
one, as in the Curcumas, Leaves in. little radical. tufts, of -
three or four each, sub-bifarious, petioled,— Linerrhlon
base broad and rounded’; preter both sur
athe. — or iss have no sent shes: eras
: AB
6 MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Phrynium,.
are from apex to base round and smooth; general length of
the whole from six to twelve inches, which is nearly the height.
of the whole plant, the position of the leaves being nearly:
horizontal. Spikes solitary in the centre of the petioles, or
lateral from their base, short peduncled, sub-cylindric, acute,’
apex elevated but little above the soil, imbricated on oppo- —
site sides, with four to eight, alternate, bifarious bractes, or
sheaths; each embraces a small spikelet of four or five pairs’
of sessile, small, nearly white flowers on the back, or inte-.
rior side of the spikelet, which expand in succession, begin-.
ning with the lower pair. Rachis flexuose, smooth, Bractes 3:
exterior, or common, one at each joint of the spike, sub-cy-: _
lindric, sheathing, smooth, and rather obtuse ; interior, or pro=
per one to each pair of flowers, Calyx three-leaved ; leaflets.
lanceolate, smooth. Corol with a long, very slendér, smooth
tube. Border ; exterior of three reflexed, oblong, obtuse seg-:
ments ; within these are two larger, round-obovate, erect, curl-.
ed portions; interior, or nectarium small, and like the other
species unequally three-lobed. .Anther one-celled, attached
to the inner border of the corol, Germ inferior, three-celled,
with one ovulum in each, attached to the bottom of the cell}.
Style blended with the tube of the corol, as in the other spe-
cies described by me. niaine Bpsindte; thick, and fleshy.
Seed vessel (not s seen.)
4, P, imbricatum, Rio 8 bol
~ Stemless, Leaves radical. - esis eckson sanis
_ tary, short-peduncled ; bractes = =— —
toothed i ued oo3
_ Pittuli-pata, sha beriseaber’ name in’ thing ‘bees
is common jin its ‘wild ‘state, Flowers in March ‘and sia
and the seeds ripen in August. _
Root tuberous, &e. as in other scitamineous. sean Shi
none, Leaves ‘radical, long-petioled, from oblong, to broad
Janceolai : > tapering nearly as much at’the base as at the apex,
ire, dae Precept
Phrynium. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 7
.
long, by four to eight broad. Petioles longer than the leaves,
cylindric, smooth, the flowerbearing ones have a hairy joint
near the middle, and frem the joint up, a slit of between two
and. three inches in length opens on one side for the spike,
its margins thin and hairy. Spike solitary, short-peduneled,
simple, linear-oblong, three to four inches long, imbricated.
Bractes ; exterior oval, truncate, with the transverse apex
many-toothed, smooth, each embracing’ several small, pale,
pink flowers, which expand in succession. Inner bractes
small, and membranaceous, Calyx, corol, and stamen, as in
P. parviflorum.. Germ. three-celled, with one ovyulum in
each, attached to the bottom of its cell. Style, as in the other
species, it grows to, and is blended with the tube of the corol, —
its apex free, thick and hooked. Stigma gaping, obliquely
toward the anther. Capsule. oblong, size of a large field
_ bean, rugose, three-celled, three-valved, opening from the
apex. Seeds solitary, sitting on a partial aril, and attached
to the bottom of the cell; external tunic hard, brown, and
polished. Perisperm lena to the seed. Embryo erect,
simple, the apex hooked. | Radicle cates slo: ‘to the um-
bilicus of the seed. _ Ae
- Obs, bi: simple, short-peduncled, Neabeicsiied lise
oblong spike, b AMMEN
ly points it ot.
5. P. parviflorum. R. ‘
- Stemless.. Leaves radical. Heads of hice - psinay
deine acute, — :
A native of the iusto vee lak Deeb With P. emp
sony tecbaiggnones ators: thee nearing oh hg raion 1
Root tuberous, drowicontsk; baixy, iets pect on in
8 MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Phrynum.
Bractes; the exterior two are broad-ovate, and common to
the whole head; the rest within smaller; all are smooth, and
end in a small, rigid, acute point. #Jowers in pairs, small,
nearly inconspicuous, yellow. Calyzx, corol, and stamen, as
in capitatum. Germ short-pedicelled, smooth, but hairy
round the insertion of the calyx, three-celled, and in this
species I have only found one of the cells fertile, im it is one
ovulum, attached to the bottom of the cell. In capitatum all
the three cells are fertile. Style as in the other species, it
grows to the tube of the corol, its apex free and hooked.
—_ infundibuliform, | |
6 P. ins acbiibes sp. ike pes Willd, AAT:
‘Stemless, Leaves radical, long-petioled, oblong. leas
of flowers: petiolary and meomone ARREE, - Bractes tr
Naru-killa. Rheed. Mal. il. p- 67. t. 34.
Phyllodes Placentaria. Lour. Cochin Ch. 16, 17.
Kudali. Beng. which also signifies a Plantain. .
A native of Chittagong, and of various other parts of In-
dia. From. the former place it was sent to the Botanic gar-_
den at Caleutta, by Dr. Buchanan in 1797. Flowering
time the rainy season, the seeds ripen in the cool season. >
_ Root perennial, tuberous like ginger, with long, a
Rbics from the crown, and various other parts, _ Stem :
Leaves radical, long-petioled, oblong, entire, smooth on both
sides; from six to eighteen inches long, and broad in propor-
tion. Veins numerous, fine and parallel. Petioles longer than
the leaves, slender, round, smooth, taper a little from the base,
and are there expanded into a sheath for those immediately —
within; such as are destined to bear the flowers have a joint
a little above the middle; immediately above this joimt there’
isa swelling, which in due time is forced. open on the inside
by the peores flowers exactly as in our Indian species of —
Pontederia, It however sometimes appears, and even inthe.
Phrynium. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 9
further than the flowers. Flowers numerous, collected into
a pretty large, sessile head, which bursts from the anterior
margin of the jointed petioles, small, and nearly hid among
the large bractes; when they first expand in the morning
rose-coloured, gradually becoming purple by the evening.
Bractes, calyx of Louriero’s Phyllodes, several, collecting
the small sessile flowers into several fasciculi of two, three,
or four pair, each of which expand in succession. The ex-
terior one of each fascicle is large, subcylindric, of a firm
texture, and reddish colour ; apices truncate, with scariose,
incurved margin; the rest are smaller, and more or less
- pointed, Calyx superior, three-leaved; leaflets ensiform,
length of the tube of the corol, hairy about the points. Corol
one-pétalled. Tube funnel-shaped, scarcely perforated.
Border double; exterior of three, equal, purple, spatulate,
recurvate segments ; interior more elevated on a continuation
of the tube, and consists of five, very unequal segments; the
exterior two larger, round, curled, and of a pale rose colour ;
the innermost one small, and running down the side of the
filament like a wing. | _ Filament solitary, short, nserted on
the mouth of the tube close by the free, curved end of the
styles: ie simple 5 grains of the pollen white, large, and:
ical. Germ inferior, oblong, very short pedicelled,
Iesibyseh ree- celled, with one ovulum in each, attached to the
bottom of its cell. Style growing to, or blended with the tube’
of the corol. Stigma large, funnel-shaped, obliquely-incurved |
or hooked towards the anther. Capsule short, turbinate,’
three-sided, pretty smooth, size of a gooseberry, three-
celled, three-valved, opening from the apex. Seed solitary,’
nearly round, smooth, dark grey, resting on a small, squami-’
form aril, which is attached to and surrounds the short um-"
bilical cord which unites: the seed to the bottom of the par-
hc: ' ee weber presstattha. ‘inmer € thin and:
deaauiet repleoieih a soreen seine: penetrates: fom the’ eo
.
10 MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA., #$Hedychium,
base to a considerable distance upwards... Embryo. pure
white, hooked, with the convexity upwards, which corres-
ee of the seed. : ,
HEDYCHIUM. Kon. |
Corolla with a long, slender tube; both borders dense
acted inner resupinate. -4nther double, naked, . Cap-
_ sule three-celled, three-valved. Seeds numerous, arilled.
Embryo simple, and furnished with both perisperm and
vitellus, view
ae i. coronarium, dine sp. ee ok Willd. i. p. 10, Kinig
in Retz. Obs. 3.73. . :
Leaves lanceolate. Spikes oneal coleman cdl
ments of the cleft lip of the corol semi-lunar, .
-Gandsulium. Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 69.3.
_ Goruk-natha. of the Bengalees, also by them called. Doo-
lala-champa.
_ A native of various parts of Bengal and the nate
provinces, Flowers during the rains; and the seada.xipem,
- im the early part.of the cool season. i
Root horizontal, perennial, round, fleshy, RSLS with,
annular. cicatrices, about as thick as a man’s thumb, aa
with fibrous ramifications issuing from the cic |
simply herbaceous. Stems erect, from three je hot bet bch,
round, every where covered. with the sheaths of the leaves,.
Leaves sessile, alternate, bifarious, lanceolate, tapering _ to.
» an-evanescent point; abeve, a deep smooth green; below,
striated, pale, and. slightly covered. with depressed, soft,
white hairs; from nine to twelve inches long, and. about two
broad. Sheaths smooth on both sides, striated, ter
ing in a ligulated process, (as in many ciecmnny sais |
is often two-parted. Spike terminal, solitary, erect;linear-
pe » about the size of the thumb, compactly imbricated -
es
Hedychium. | MONANDRIA MONOGYNIAY 11
bractes. Flowers large, pure: white,* very fragrant, from
two to four to each common bracte, but seldom more»than
one or two expand at the same time. Bractes; besides
the common exterior ones, already mentioned, there are as
many interior as there are flowers in the fascicle; the largest
of which is about half the length of the common bracte, and
envelopes not only the most forward (exterior) flower, but
all those of the same fascicle, gradually diminishing in size ;
all have a sheathing base, are membranous, and striated,
_ Calyx superior, one-leafed, a little inflated, contracted at the
mouth, a little hairy, striated, half the length of the tube of
the corol. Corol one-petalled. Tube long and_ slender,
from the apex of the exterior -bractes recurved. Border
flat, double. Exterior three-parted ; divisions equal, lan-
ceolate, acute, membranaceous, striated. Interior resupinate,
three-parted ; lower two divisions obliquely oval, short-
clawed ; upper division broad, obcordate, banner-like, with
the amid deep, and the lobes roundish ; margins waved ;,
towards the base tinged yellow. Dingle (of Kénig. and
Retzius) two short, fleshy, subulate bodies embracing the
base of the style. Filament from the lower margin of the
mouth of the tube, between the insertions of the inner
border of the corol, ascending ; upper side channelled for
the’ tyle,“and inserted into the anther a little above its base.
Anther linear, sub-erect, two-lobed. Germ obsoletely three- _
sided, three-celled, with many ovula in each, attached to the —
axis, Sty/e slender, in length sufficient to elevate the large,
hairy, perforated; glandular, green stigma just about the —
apex of the anther. Capsule oblong, three-celled, three- ,
valved, opening from the apex; inside orange coloured.
Seeds many in each cell, invested in their proper, multifid,
crimson: seine ate two.- ibis’ and vee.
*
12 MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Hedychium,
together conform to the seed; the former occupies the lower
and exterior portion; and the latter the upper and interior - —
portion, and is in immediate contact with the embryo. Em-)
bryo simple, subcylindric, nearly as long as the seed. ito
Obs. This, to me, is the most charming of all.the plants
of this natural order that I have yet met with; the great
length of time it continues to throw out a profusion of large,
beautiful, pase: blossoms, makes it particularly desirable.
= Sates heodiL-knicabtaks Seiko terminal, imbricated.
pices about four-flowered: interior two segments of the
corol linear ; lip obcordate, with apex deeply retuse.
- A native of the vallies amongst the hills near Silhet, where
it is called Kattia-rityam by the natives, Flowering ti
the rainy season. Tt i
- Root tuberous, like that of most sibes Ritomniaa,: calame
erect, two or three feet high, and rather stout. Leaves
lanceolar, very fine pointed, smooth on both sides, » Sheaths
smooth, with a very large, smooth membranaceous stipula
rising far above the mouth. Spike terminal, solitary, erect,
oblong, imbricated ; from six to eight inches long. Flowers
numerous, large, yellow, resembling those of H. coronarium,
fragrant. Bractes ; exterior between oval, and oblong, : og
obtuse, smooth, finely nerved, three: : pout
two or two and half inches: long and nearly one and a half :
broad. Interior, one to each flower, and much smaller.
Calyx superior, nearly as long as the tube of the corol, mem-,
* branaccous, inflated, obliquely two or three-toothed, Corol ; £
tube slender, length of the exterior bractes, all the five pro-
per segments of the border linear, the inner two more deeply.
éolcaked and obtuse. Lip or sixth segment, obcordate, deep:
ayercivee, placed on the interior or upper side opposite t to a
the ment, Filament linear, and together with the two- 3
anther about as long as the lip. Germ hairy, tl
3 celled, with ‘numerous ovals, seamen oa :
7) gous’ " mit & . <3) oe oe ¥ i ye
Hedychium. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 13
aiigle. Style length of the corol. Stigma large, and villous
Capsule tarbinate, size of an olive, smooth, when ripe yellow,
three-celled, three-valved. Seeds a few, smooth, bright deep
red, with a partial ragged aril of the same colour, “Embryo
simple, ‘sub-lancéolate, Mariiliied ° bbs Eee perisperm and
vitellus. -
“3. H, angustifolium. R .
Leaves spe bei ‘Spikes open ; fascicles of flowers
subtern, segments of the cleft lip oblong ; the other five seg-
ments of the corol linear.
Beng. Bhoo-ada. °
Native ‘of Chittagong, silhet, and the eastern parts of
engal, where it flowers about the beginning: of the a in
+3 ut pote
June.
Root tuberous, horizontal, oi, &e. as in the other
scitamineous plants. Stems erect, from three to six feet high,
entirely invested in the sheaths of the leaves. Leaves bifarious,
sessile on their smooth ‘sheaths, narrow-lancéolate; very fine,
I may say filiform, pointed, smooth on both sides ; from ten
to fourteen tiches long, by: one to two broad. Spike terminal,
rigid, ix to eighteen inches long, smooth. Fas-
cles Uf flowers generally three-fold, and spreading out con?’
pea from the ‘rachis. Bractes ; exterior of the — G
cylindrical, linear ; interior, one to each flower, and smaller,
Flowers rather csivalh: dull red (lateritius,) generally about
In January 1816 I received roots of this most charming species.
from ‘Mr. Smith at Silhet, which produced blossoms in the Bo- Ae
tanic garden in October the following } year. It differs from H
coronarium, in regard to its flowers, which are about one third
smaller, having the inner segments of the corol linear clavate, the ;
et the t depre lei straight: sides, and its base contract |
wa e latter Maya apcrar i ond therefore more!
: grateful degree. In stature and leaves both species are alike. silts
14 MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA,. Hedychium.
four in the fascicle, and expanding in succession, Calyx
superior, cylindric, length of the tube of the corol; mouth
equally three-toothed. Corol ; tube slender, cylindric, about
an inch long; five segments of the border linear (sub-fili-
form,) variously revolute. Lip. lateral, with linear, chan- q
nelled and two-parted lamina; the segments thereof semi-
oval. Filament opposite to the lip, and twice its length, —
nearly straight, filiform, grooved for the style. Anther two-
lobed, naked. Germ oval, a little hairy, three-celled, with
many ovula in each, attached to the axis. Style filiform, its .
base embraced by the usual two subulate bodies, Stigma
fumnel-form, projecting from the apex of the anther, |”
Notwithstanding the opinion which the distinguished Bo- _
tanist Edwards (in bis Bot. Regist.) has expressed, Lam led —
to suspect that H. coccinewm: of Sir J. Smith (Rees’s new
Cyclopedia, in loco) is a distinct species, of which I have —
examined the original drawing, left by my inestimable friend _
and predecessor, Dr, F. Buchanan at the Botanic ac deasaa at j
ee
de %
it H. gracile. R : :
~ Leaves Julieta: Spikes terminal, open ; fetes eis /
sonttendil ‘segments of. the bifid, sessile hp, ean eases :
the other five Rosai of the corol linear.
- Obs. This is a edibenpiana about three fort in height,
a ‘native of the mountains on the North-East border of —
Bengal. Like the preceding two species it flowers in the
rainy season, Its solitary-flowered spike of white corols —
with their scarlet filament, and its lanceolar leaves, distinguish ;
it from-H. icici hoes |
Kempferia. |= MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 15
BAS ad
KZMPFERLA. Line, gen. pl. od. Sohreb. ne 9.
Corolla with a long, slender tube, and both hovdors pre
parted, Anther double, with a two-lobed crest. Capes
thaae;selled, many-seeded, ee
“1.K; Galanga. Linn. ap. pled. Willd. 1. 15. . avs
Leaves sessile, round-ovate-cordate. Spikes central,. Upper
segments of thg inner border of the corol oval.
Katsjula Kelengu, Rheed. Mal. 11. p. 81. t. 41.
_ Alpinia sessilis. Kon. in Retz. Obs, 3. p. 62.
Soncorus. Rumph. Amb. 5. p. secede ea
_ Sans, Chundra-moolika. f
A native of various parts of India, and common in gar-
dens also. Flowering time the rainy season,
Root biennial, tuberous, with fleshy fibres from. the jokes
Stem none. Leaves radical, petioled, spreading flat on the
surface of the earth, samulecemnainialides between acute and
obtuse ; margins membranaceous, and waved ; upper surface
smooth, deep green; below taper and: snininniland: woolly ;
streaked lengthways with ten or twelve slender lines, Pe-
tioles hid: in the earth; in. short they are only cylindric
embracin - those. within, and the fascicle of flowers,
their months being crowned with a membranaceous process,
Flowers collected in small fascicles, from six to twelve, with-
in the sheaths of the leaves, expanding in succession; pure,
pellucid white, except a purple spot on the centre of each of
the divisions of the inner border, or lip. Bractes three to
_ each flower; a larger exterior ; and two within at the sides;
all are linear, acute, membranaceous, and half the length of
the tube of the corol. Calyx length of the bractes, Corol ;
tube long, filiform; border double, both shee oat Ex-
rig firmion liom: acute ; interior, upper two ¢ 2%
ther replete earner 0 nia with a bidentate
16 VX" MONOGYNIA. Kempferia,
teat, or continuation of the filament above the anther. Stig- j
ma funnel-shaped. Nectarial filaments of Konig two, fili- |
form, erect, pretty long, embracing the lower part of the —
— Pericarp ; \never saw it ripen.
Obs. The roots possess an agreeable, fragrant smell, on
somewhat warm, bitterish, aromatic taste; the Hindoos use —
them not only as a perfume, but also enbdichnl dy: a are 7
unknown to our -_ cil in ——
"Oo 3 sb? Tit sp. pl. ed. Willd. 1. 1b. |
~ Leaves oblong, coloured, Spike radical, appearing before
‘the leaves, Upper segment — — = ese oa
lanceolar, and acute. ce M
Malan-Kua. Rheed. Mal. 11. p. 17. t. a ISL 1.
Sans. Bhoo-chumpuca. See Asiat. Res. iv. 242.
~~ Beng. and Hind. Bhooi-champa or Bhoo-champa,
“This elegant plant is very generally foynd cultivated in —
gardens on account of the beauty and fragrance of its flowers,
and though no doubt a native of various parts of India, yet
I cannot say where it is indigenous, Flowering time in our
— March and April, at which — the — veal o |
ties a foot apa eeeae from four to six 2
broad. Petioles sheathing; united: into a pre eager
~Curcuma. Scapes just sufficient to elevate the flowers above
the eatehs eniiced by a few common sheaths, of a greenish
purple colour. Flowers sessile, from four to six to the ’—
scape, or spike, very large, fragrant; colour of various —
shades of purple, and white. Bractes two to each flower, ;
surrounding the base of the germ ; the inner one has itsapex
-two-parted ; the exterior, or longest is here only abouthalf —
_ the length of the calyx, Calyx above, snpeesitee ae c
as the tube ofthe’ coro, ‘seen - a
Kempferia, | MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA, VW
long, slender, cylindric, nearly erect, obliquely funnel-shap-
-ed towards the mouth; border double, both: three-parted.
Exterior divisions drooping, linear, with margins involute,
pure white, Interior border, the two uppermost divisions —
-erect, lanceolar, acute; colour also white, with the margins
slightly tinged with purple; the remaining inferior one is ©
divided into two broad, obcordate, deflected lobes, of a deep
purple colour, particularly towards the centre, and base,
Nectarial filaments of Konig asin K. Galanga, Filament
short, erect, broad, inserted on the base of the uppermost
‘two’ interior divisions of the corol. Anther linear, and
‘enlarged with an ovate, two-forked, coloured, somewhat
‘Teeurved: ‘crest. Germ ovate. mgt filiform. Stigma fumel-
Obs. Woodville observes) at page 362 of his ‘Medical
Botany, that the roots of Zedoaria longa, and rotunda are |
both’ produced by the same species of plant, and are indis-
criminately used in the shops: the former, he says, are
brought to us in oblong pieces, about the thickness of the
little finger; two or three inches in length, bent, rough, and
-angular; the latter are roundish, about an inch i in diameter,
of an ash colour on the outside, and white within. I have
never met with any of the roots of this plant that agree with
‘liis description of the long sort, and they are too:small for
the round; so that I must conclude they are the produce of
some other gine at the same time Dr. Woodville’s observa- _
tions on the same page, give me reason to think my Curcuma
Zedoaria may be the paar which site this round sort of
meee: ‘ i nasa
th ea: uate oblige Flowering tine he iy mon
VOL. 1
18 MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. _Kempfer'ia.
-«» Root -biennial, tuberous, -with, numerous ramous fibres —
from every) part. Stems none. ‘ Leaves radical, numerous, —
’ sessile, linear-lanceolate, keeled.;' margins entire, and much
waved ; striated lengthways, with darker and lighter colour-
_ ed. green, smooth in every part; from six to eight inches long,
and about one broad. Spikes hid in the centre of the leaves,
-bearing, from four to six large, beautiful flowers: in succes-—
sion. Bractes two or three to each flower; one or, two inte-
rior embracethe germ laterally, the exterior. one is larger, all
much. pointed,,and of nearly the same length, Calyx supe-
rior, one-leayed, half the length of the tube of the: corol,
opening. obliquely,, (spathe-like,) near the apex, which is a
single acute-point, Corol; tube. very. Jong, and, slender,
elevating the border about two inches. above the penrths
border double, &¢,:as in. K. rotunda,: Neetarial filaments of
Konig, stamens, and pistil as in the last quoted, species. . mt
_ Obs. . The root is used as a medicine for, eases hv the
people of Bengal, owe
» 4, K. pandurata. .R.
ag) Leaves petioled, broad-lanceclate, seek “Spike seatek
Corol, with the upper segments of the, inner border —.
‘the inferior one much larger, and panduriform. si
- Zerumbet claviculatum. Reenphe Arb, he me 172. ¢..69. £1 1;
aks I could almost wish to quote Manja. a, Rheed..Mal. —
11. p..19. t. ii, although referred to already, By Linneousfor
Curcuma — tT ew I have never met with, if this be
notit. Bs oe
_ From i ‘thie beautiful pias was sent by Dr. Charles
Campbell to the Botanic garden at ny where it seo
soms during the rains, chiefly in August.» ey,
Root perennial, tuberous: like! ginger, iecedianshinty
sesh yellow colour; from this, straight, slender, fusiform, _
paler coloured portions descend deep into the soil Stems
vada ewe ahs the lan. about« footanda hale
Kempferia. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA, — ety
green on the upper surface; veins parallel, and;pretty. con-
spicuous, from six to. twelve inches long. Petioles above the
bifid ligula, deeply. channelled, and from two to six or eight
inches long ; the lower portion sheathing, and forming some-
thing like a stem. Spike hid in the centre of the sheaths of the
leaves, unilateral, being imbricated.on one side, (say the an-
terior,) with many, sessile, slender, lanceolate, colourless, one-
flowered pairs of (exterior, and interior ) scales or bractes,
Flowers pretty large, expanding in succession, and rarely
more than one atatime, Calyx superior, membranaceous,
irregularly three-toothed. Corol; tube long, and slender. .
Border double; exterior of three, slender, lanceolate, nearly
equal, straight, pale pink-coloured segments ; inner of three
unequal portions ; the two superior, or lateral, obovate, the
colour and length of. the exterior three: the lower, or lip,
somewhat panduriform, much broader ‘and longer than the
former, and of a much deeper colour. Filament very slen-
der. Anther two-lobed, and crowned with an emarginate,
recurved helmet. | Germ three-celled, each cell containing
many ovula, attached to the axis. » Stigme —" a se-
anne pening? which hon thes straight portion of its margin
Nectarial
+B K. vali fold. Rails ee hype it
_ Leaves oval. Spikes central, cninanck site Jatiniaté, |
. A native of the peninsula of Malacca, and from thence
sent, by Major Farquhar, to the Botanic garden at Calecut-
ta, where it blossoms in July, _ It is an intermediate species,
both with respect to size and habit, between K, Galangaand -
rotunda, and ought to be placed between them in the system.
- Root tuberous, as in the other species, and about biennial.
Stems. very short ; ok mem ed sooo san Leaves few,
20 MONANDRIA MONOGYNTA, Curcuma.
&® expand in succéssion, all pure white except the purple
lip. Corol nearly as in rotunda and angustifolia, the upper
two segments of the inner border are obtusely lanceolate, as
in the latter: the lip or nectarium of a deep variegated pur-
‘Ple ‘colour, the shape cuneate-obcordate, and divided from
the apex nearly half the length into two long emarginate
lobes, Filament short. Anther two-lobed, and crowned
with a large, laciniate, erect, white crest. — three-celled,
&e. ——— coma i
rctETS ect, cer ate ae
x
sateen, oi Pye | igi F OG See i Lg meer
i aieneied Linn. gen. plied. Schreb. No. 8.
» Corolla with both borders threé-parted. Anther sue .
base bicalearate. Capsiile thiee-celled } eed mitiierous, aril.
ted. Embryo a and furnished ‘with Botti” eris
‘tea vacate | ait Pet ;
" SECT. I. Spikes lateral.
~1.C. Zerumbet. Roxb. Ind. pl. 3. N. 201. ack
Bulbs and palmate tubers pale straw-colouret —
oat Eecaves green, “petioled, broad-lanceolar, a dark purple
cloud down the middle, Flowers shorter than their bractes,
‘Sans, Shutee, Gandha-moolee, Sha
ra, Kurchoora, and Pulasha, 9
- Hind,and Teling. Kuchoora,
— — — ein aameeuae | oe os tL
Ko. Reet, Mal, vol. V1. ph 138. #72
~Zerambetl. Rumph. Amb. 5. p. 168, t. 68." 7
--Amomum Zerwmbeth, Kon: in Retz. Ob 3.58 ais
‘Zerumbet, or Cachora of Garcias, © eau
The ser from which the followin pdeschpition W
-Cureuma, MONARDRIA MONOGYN] Ay 21
Others have since been procured from thence under the Ben-
galee name Kuchoora, From that place the native. drug:
_ gists in Calcutta, are chiefly supplied with the root or drug,
Root consists, as. in all the other species of this genus, of
ovate bulbs, giying support to the parts above ground ; from
their opposite sides spring the palmate tubers ; these two
sorts are inwardly of a pale yellow, or straw colour, and pos;
sess an agreeable camphoraceous smell, and warm bitterish,
spicy taste. From the bulbs chiefly, the proper fibrous roots
_ issue: some of these are thicker than others, penetrate deeper
into the soil, and end in an oblong, pearl-coloured, solid
tuber; which is more spongy and less fragrant when cut,
than. the bulbs and palmate tubers., Stems no other than.
the | united sheaths of the leaves, surrounded by t two or three
obtuse, smooth, green, faintly striated, appressed scales,
Height of the whole plant about three feet, or three and a
half. Leaves from four to six together, sub-bifarious ; 3; in
* general a pretty long, somewhat winged petiole intervenes.
between each and:its. stem-forming base. The leaf itself is
broad-lanceolar, fine-pointed, and smooth on both sides;
constantly a dark purple cloud rans down the centre; veins
wmerou: fine, and. parallel; from one to two feet long.
Scape rises distinct from the leafy stems, and rather before
or with them, stout, from five to six inches long, and sur-
rounded with a few, obtuse, lax, green sheaths, of various
length. Spike tufted, from four to five inches long, (so that
its apex is elevated nearly a foot above the surface of the:
earth;) covered with imbricated, oblong, concaye bractes,
connected by the lower half of their inner margins to the.
backs of those immediately above, forming as many sacks,
or pouches as there are bractes ; the lower half of these are,
broad, shorter ; scarcely tinged ‘with red,. containing each
three or four beautify seers flowers, which
braced laterally by their
hal eos owl coloured one, sahich form Ake sate are Be ae.
= -. MONANDRIA MONOGYNTA, Circuma,
nérally sterile, and of a deeper crimson, or purple'colour,
than those which contain flowers. Calyx superior ; scarcely
_ one-third the length of the corol, irregularly three-toothed,
pellucid.. Corol funnel-shaped. Tube a little curved.
Border double; exterior three-parted, the two lateral seg-"
ments equal; the third or upper one vaulted and trowniell?
With a subulate point ; colowr'a very faint yellow. Interior
three-parted ; lower segment, or lip, broad, deep yellow,
projecting, recurved, bifid; upper or lateral segments obo--
vate, equal, pale yellow, iibsily as long as the lip. Fila-
ment short. Anther double, the lower end of each lobe ter-'
minating in a long, sharp, subulate spur. Germ beneath,
hairy, three-celled, with many ovula in’each, attached tothe
inner erase of _ ‘cell — uel the base, ebavicot
the anther. Capnite oval, stb of a pit adtaw cooing
thin’ and‘ nearly pellucid ; three-celled, but without é any re-
gular division into valves: when the seeds are ripe the elas-’
ticity of the segments of the arils bursts the vertex into vari-
ous portions, from whence the seeds are soon’ ‘expelled.
Seeds soothe in each ‘cell, arilled; shape various, but the’
i. ng is Eeblong. Aril cut to the very base into®
r, unequal, white, fleshy segments, which are
united to the Bere the umbilicus, Integuments twos)
exterior spongy, with highly polished slippery; light brown’
surface ; interior membranaceous.. ‘Perisperm pure’ white,’
hard ‘but friable, and ‘occupies the lower half ‘of the seed:
Vitellus clearer, but less white and of a tougher’ consistence’
than the albumen ; it forms or occupies the upper half - we
— sarees ae early as — as ies = — ding
ved and — a in em albumen, o or | ;
al wood of the esac ‘ies
Cureuma. -MONANDRIA MONOGYNTA, 93
or Hindoo holidays in the month’ of \Mareh. ° ae root ‘is
_ also used medicinally amongst the natives,’ 600 0) 6 «1
In 1805, I gave some of the sliced :and dried valtinalal
plehite tuberous roots of this plant’ to Sir Joseph Banks, -
which he: gaye to Dr. Comb, who found that it was the real
Zedoaria of our Materia Medica, “and -by the same means
ascertained ‘that the root of my: ee
doaria seins of the — » ene we HD tg
2, 0. Zédoaria: Rays HE
Bulbs ‘small; and, with the long waite tubers, iaiesivlhy
vallinag | Leaves broad-lanceolar, eee sheaths, ce-
ticeous underneath ; the whole plant of a uniform greens
ey — Zedoaria, Linn, sp. plant. ed. .Willd. i, at me
‘Sans. Vuna-huridra, Sholee, Vamarista, Sholika; 9 © *©
Beng. Junglee, or Bun at —_ turmeric. si at
Arab, Jedwar, or Zadwars > © © Bad Qi
- This beautiful species is a native, not sect of Bengal; cont
common in gardens about Calcutta,) but is alsova ative of
China, ‘and various other parts of Asia, and the Asiatic is-
lands. - Flowering: time the: hot season, thé leaves ‘appear
about the same’ eT IOC ponents alter : Merit ts not inched
to fin autifu large,r , rosy, tufted spikes rising stig ae
ked earth betore a single leaf'is to be seen, 9° '
Root biennial, tuberous, &c.:as‘in the last; andi
of, a pretty deep yellow colour, approaching to that of tur-.
meric, Stem no other than the sheaths of the leaves. Leaves
petioled, broad-lanceolar, entire, underneath covered: with
soft cericeous down, which is particularly conspicuous‘when
the ‘leaves are dry, The scape rises distinct from the leaves —
during the dry season, andjoften not only at some distance;
but also sometinie before them; bhinaieremehyee eaa
and only Bee Bi balck meditionsst epeiics, Conakes ob ag
B4 ae,
24 _MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Curcuma,
petalled ; at the base tubular, ‘Tube short, widening a litle;
its mouth shut with fine yellow, pubescent glands;.throat
ample, Border double; exterior of three pale pink-coloured,
erect, oblong: divisions; the upper one more pointed, and in-
cumbent over the anther and part of the two upper divisions =
of the imer border. Interior somewhat ringent, three-parted,
--fleshy, yellow ; the lower lobe or lip.longest, obovate, entire;
projecting with a crown and erect margin, while.a broad.ele- + — :
vation of a deep yellow colour runs along its middle; upper =
two divisions cbovate, and with the upper segment of the ex-
_ terior border, forming a complete covering or dome over the
- anther, Filament short, inserted between the two upper divi-
sions of the inner border of the corol. Auther two-lobed, each
ending in a long, sharp spur at the base... Gern wil &e.
as dn che lnanNe ne — 2€-lobed, with a p
foration in the centre, ) > ‘ p Tevet: ce the
_ Obs, The plant when in danens is highly ieneatnnl; few
surpassing it in beauty; at the same time it possesses accon-
siderable degree of delicate aromatic fragrance,
Dr. Woodville’s observation and. quotations, at page 362
of his..Medical Bctany, induce me to think that the roots of
this. plant are not only the longer species of the Zedoaria
found in the shops; but also the shorter or roundish, their
form and size depending on the manner in which they may
have been cut. for drying: and E have lately learned from
Sir J, Banks, that ANN NO ati
with Zedoaria rotunda, seu
slcllattancns Niesscettean sa ciechasi) subinliieiaeddis
saaiions they. are sold in their shops, under the Arabic name
Judwar, or the Bengalee one of Bun Huldi,. When scout
_ well.as when dry, they are of a:pale yellow colour; and: 4
sess at all times an agreeable fragrant smell, and warm, bit. 2
terish, aromatic taste; whereas the roots of Kempf 2
da possess little or nothing of these sensible snide, sandare a
withal | <Saehae Sie Se io ee *
dda Weve uu) Dua
SaaS fe he ct eee
*
Curcuma, MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 25
allow me to think, any quantity Of he SE RIAN ee
ed for exportation. 9
2B. C. aasaheuahings R '
Bulbs ovate, with both pict a Seudelas aber
! deep yellow. Leaves sessile on their green sheaths, he catia
ceolar, a permanent purple cloud down the middle...
From Amboyna, this remarkable species was. eahiliae
the Botanic garden at Calcutta, in the year 1798, and only
flowered for the first time in April and May, 1810. It is the
only kind I have yet met with, which has its pendulous tu-
bers: inwardly of a deep yellow colour, like that of the bulb
and . palmate tubers. The sheaths of the scapes and leaves
aregreen. The coma large, and of a deep purple, or crimson
colour. Exierior border of the corol red, Leaves broad-lan-
ceolar and oblong; there is a narrow purple cloud down
the middle of them, which penetrates:to. the ines side; te
whole height about four feet. as
. A Cc. elata. Bis : =
» Bulbs, oblong, obovate,, and vehaete jeiioerons, Or in-
‘ y of a pale yellow, Leaves
ee an uniform green,
A native of Burma, and from. ‘scape tania i by Dr.
W. Carey, into. the. Botanie garden. at Calcutta, where it
flowers in March and April.
A-full, dice diate ees aes tao asitre. »
sembles the other species already described, in.every respect,
except, in such as are pointed out in the definition, viz. its
immensely. large and numerous bulbs and tubers, which are
inwardly of a pale yellow colour; the latter run very near
pa ms and. afgmch inti “sie
ee sheaths, a , oblong, villous underneaaies othe
»
26 MONANDRIA MONOGYNTA. Curcuma,
pear when the flowers begin to'decay, and are larger than in
any other species 1 have yet seen ; being from two to three,
or even four feet long, by one ‘eos and villous underneath ;_
_ the whole height is about six feet. The spikes are large, with
a deep rosy, or even crimson coma. Its external appearance
resembles most C. Zedoaria, the roots however differ much,
independent of pe size. _— _— is — a —
paar than that. hd | .
sf
ae tae ;
5. Ce toatl BRAN, vas tet ’ |
“Bulbs ovate, and ‘with the wepiinate tubers » idee plaish.
Kbinies lanceolar, petioled ; a deep’ ferruginous purple cloud |
down the middle, saint sh reese ‘to — under surface’
every other part green, Pus SS Sek a:
~Beng. Neel-kunt’ha, or Kala tnadh* $. sah rie tye
»'Tommon-itam. : ‘Rumph, Amb. 5. p- 169." » fits aohew
This elegant, strongly marked ‘species is ‘a native of Ben-
gal, where it blossoms in May,’ while the greatest heat pre-
vails, just before the periodical rains begin: about the same _
time the leaves begin to appear. In the deep ferruginous
purple’ cloud down the middle of the leaves, it bicpronse
Zerumt #, but differs psridel yi in the colour hbo Mens =
"wards grey, (csius of Willdenow'é sé le,
is pretty deep. “Pendulous tubers’ ovate, ‘oblong,
of a. pale watery mqeapendd —_ a less fi ‘agan
connie ew's Ops aes
other ‘species T have' examined. Leaves witout! petiole,
lanceolar, smooth ‘on both ‘sides, a deep ferruginous cloud
runs the ‘whole’ length of the rib, and pitiethated throwghi to
the ‘underside ;’ every other part, petioles; and their
“of élear- deep'g green colour; ‘about eighteen i
bes: ‘broad,’ Petioles and their sheaths eet
Curcuma. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. O7°
before the leaves, about as long as their scapes, ‘together ’
- about a foot long. ‘Scales, lower fertile ; bractes green, with’
a ferruginous tinge. ‘Coma deep bright red, tending tocrim- —
Bc Corel exterior border red ; inner =.
6 C. @eruginosa, R. R.
‘Bulbs ovate, and with the numerous Ivotinnee tubers, in- ’
‘wardly eruginous. -Leaves petioled, broad-lancéolar; smooth,
above the middle a faint ferruginous, evanescent cloud ¢ on
the upper surface only ; every other part green.
~A very stately species, troduced from Burma by the Siar.
Dr. W. Carey, into Bengal, where it blossoms in May, im- ~
mediately after which the leaves begin to appear. . It is dis- >
tinguished from all our other Cureumas by the internal eru-:
ginous, or verdigrease-like colour of its ovate budbs, and its
short thick palmate tubers; while the oval pendulous tubers, «
with which it abounds, are inwardly: of a clear pale pearl
colour. The comose lateral spike is in this, as it iS in the other!
species. The exterior border of the corol is rose-coloured ;
the: interior deep’ lorie The eae. Hanceol
neil hi peportions Rlogether from ‘two. to eek
»; which gives to the whole Fees: a la of from -
four to'six feeter: iat! » aeetiknoadaered id open: rel
% C afierudndn R.. :
_ Bulbs and palmate thers copious, ieeeadie de wilens
Sheaths of the scapes, and lea ves ferruginous-red, with a faint,
mark of. ‘the same colour on the middle MRP inert
of the leaves.) \, — sw sicsiueaal
psetns Yererit [Hoar in Api and Ma. _ By at->
3 w leas maa ofthe others,’
are brou-anceolr, Teeth Isy they taper equally tovand-aae L oo
Bs MONANDRIS MoNOGYNIA, =» Curcuma,
end,) including the sheaths and petioles, they are four feet
high, or more ; a very faint ferruginous tinge runs down the - 7
* middle, ey is very conspicuous in those that appear.first
in the season; whereas it is scarcely to be observed in the
latter. The aeecers are large, few in number, with the ex-
_ terior border red, and the interior deep yellow. The bractes
to the fertile part of the spike ferruginous, those of the coma
few, and of a pretty bright crimson colour...
8 C. Press R eeal
_ Bulbs ovate-lanceolate;. and with the palmate Sadeee.3 in-
wardly pearl-coloured. Leaves broad lanceolate, on red wing- 4
ed petioles, above the sheaths; ; rib red, ar and scales q
red. Flowers longer than their bractes,.. 4
A native of Bengal, Flowering time the aad of April a
and. May, soon after which the leaves appear ; and decay
about the beginning of the cool season, in November.
Every part has a strong, but pleasant aromatic smell when
bruised, particularly the root, ‘Ge 4
Root of several, erect, solid, conical, pale straw or pearl 7
| coloured, powerfully aromatic bulbs, which gave supportto
the former years foliage, and are strongly marked with the 4
circular scars thereof ; from their opposite sides, the scapes. :
and stems of the succeeding ‘year sprin which - free sisni -
lar new bulbs when those of the forme : a
during their existence, there i: issues round ax wes half, ao ;
~number of strong fleshy fibers, many of which end in ovate
or sub-cylindrical, pale white, slightly aromatic tubers,
which also perish with the original parent bulb. Stems,as
in the other species, no other than the united sheaths of the _
leaves, which like them, decay annually about the month of _
October, and appear again when thé flowers begin to perish
in April. Leaves bifarious, (six or eight of them forming
- the ah sve-mentioned stems, of about three or four feet in —
height, leaves ject De peeled on their. eis pas 2
Cureuma. “MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 29
parallel veins; of an uniform dark-green, with the nerves or
ribs red, from twelve to twenty-four inches long, by five or _
six broad. Petioles and sheaths chamelled, smooth, and of
a deep red colour; a projecting process on the inside marks,
in all this natural order, the limit of the sheath, and the be-
ginning of the petiole. Scape radical, lateral; cylindric,
about six inches long, invested ‘in several, dark reddish
sheaths. Spike tufted, five or'six inches long, erect. Coma
less deeply coloured than in Zerumbet. Bractes, or scales
of the spike exactly asin the other species, each embracing
four of five flowers, which expand in succession, Flowers
ental, ‘brigir yellow, rather longer than their’ bractes, fra-
anit,’ T'wbe of the corol slender, its mouth completely shut
wir three villous, yellow plands, ile we not seen ina re
state.
Obs, ‘Thé ovate oblong, pesittois tubers of fev del spe-
cies of Curcuma, yield a very’ beautiful, pure starch, like
the Arrow-root, produced from Maranta arundinacea and
Tacca pinnatifida, which the natives of the countries where
the ‘plants grow, prepare and eat. Ine ‘Travancore, “where
$01 : Decie ; ; this four, or starch, forms, I
: yar of the ‘diet of the inhabitants: My .
ingustifolia is another species which yields the same sub- _
stante?” and Thave no doubt but the — weaned of =
species yield it also, and equally good. siti
Since writing the above, 1 have received from Cvidiavbit:
Bhagulpore, and Mirzapore, plants of three other ores, ad
employed = the same Puyo =n ;
y Fe
Poe” ‘comosa. R. ot aa bt et ee is alk
Bulbs large, oval, suai bana ochraceous, Spies
vate eC; vate fertile bractes of pale a ——, salealle ne is
ome OOn Ms Felix Carey sent a
yi to tie Weta pendan Calcutta, os rive
wae
—- . _, MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA, —Curcuma, —
-well, and blossom in May, at which time itis by arthe most —
beautiful, and: the largest of the genus, I have yet seen, 9.
. Bulbs very large, oval, inwardly of a pale ochraeous co-
jour.. Palmate tubers scarcely any, Pendulous tybers lan-
ceolar, and connected to the bulb by uncommonly long, thick, —
fibrous cords.. Leaves bifarious, petioled on their sheaths, lan-— q
ceolar, smooth, and green in every part, except in those which
appear first in the season; which have a faint ferruginous —
cloud on the centre of the upper surface beyond the middle;
from two to three feet long’; the petioles with their sheathing _
bases measuring. about as much: more, making the whole.
height of the plant five or six feet. . Spikes lateral, appear-
Ing rather before, the. leaves, short-scaped, large, clavate.
Fertile bractes of a beautiful pale pink. Barren ones of the
coma a deep, lively, rosy red ; on account of the beauty and
size of this part, I have given it the trivial name comosa,
-Corol with the exterior border pink ; inner pale yellow. -
10. C. leucorrhiza, R. sane
Bulbs ovate; plamate tubers long and far-aaresaiaas like |
the | former es are inwardly of a pale straw colour. Leaves
: petioled, broad-lanceolar, smooth, of an uniform green in’
every part. Spikes feredomeres with a coma as slong: as the
fertile portion. ef oe
A native of the forests of Ba
r the name 4 iko 7 Poy saaeevcd that die fiona
cultivate bat grows i the jungles, to the southward of
‘that place. ‘The process, he ‘says, for obtaining the starchy
substance called Tikor, is as follows: “ The root nave: UP,
_and rubbed on a stone, or beat in a mortar, and ;
rubbed in water with the hand, and strained Guteghaclots;
the) fecula having subsided, stint off, ante |
— (fecula,) dried for use.” pee
. This pla: ne RR in he, Botanic garden, and flowers,
.
_Curcuma. _ MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. ae
darly straight, and often near a’ foot long :.they run deep in
the earth, and far. Their inward) colour, as well as that of the
bulbs, is,a very pale ochraceous yellow, almost pure white.
Pendulous: tubers numerous, oblong, inwardly, pearl white.
Leaves. broad-lanceolar, ‘uniformly. green, about. two feet
Jong; whole height of the plant from three to four feet.
_ Spikes. lateral, the inferior fertile portion not. longer, than
the rosy coma, lowers the length of the bractes : exterior
border slightly, tinged, with pink ; inner yellow. In the strue-
ture of the fruit it agrees perfectly with that of C. Zerumbet.
') dibewr eaese ; -
eas ©. angustifolia. R.
—_ Bulb oblong, with pale, oblong, ciliata valbesidalg
_ Leaves petioled, ‘narrow-lanceolar. Flowers — than wer
bractes. 2 a ise aehitels het: = ease
. Tikor of the Hindoos. . |. ff
| Found by H. T. Colebrooke, Esq i in rahe nine shins ame
‘iaahe of the Sona to Nagpore, and by him introduced into the
Botanic garden at Calcutta, where it blossoms: in July. The
leaves make their appearance at the same time with those of
the other species, and a sat the beginning of the cool
season, in November. ea eee
. Root, from a fusiforn Pbiehnial crown’ issue many fleshy
Shree; which end in smooth, oval, succulent tubers. Stem,
consisting of a few pale-coloured, leafless, surrounding sheaths,
Leaves petioled, narrow-lanceolar, most acute, striated with
fine parallel veins, smooth on both sides ; from one to three
feet long, (petiole and sheath included,) which is in fact the
whole height. of the plant,| Petioles from six to twelve in-
ches long, the lower, half or more of which, expands intoa —
sheath to embrace those within ; the upper half or proper pe-
tioles slender, and channelled. Spike radical; from four to six
Sate aah
curvy, cach _ 2 ae senataes four ven hope = ‘ |
= ee
32 MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Curcuma, —
succession. Bractes proper boat-shaped,embracing the proper _
perianth, and germ of each flower. Flowers large, longer _
than their bractes, bright yellow, expanding at sunrise, and —
decaying at sunset of the same day. Calyx above, three- —
‘toothed, somewhat inflated. Corol ; tube somewhat gibbous, —
contracted at the mouth, and there shut with short hairs; _
‘throat campanulate ; eaterior border pale-yellow, consisting —
of one large, vaulted, upper segment, and two lower, oblong,
smaller, concave ones ; inner border three-parted ; lower seg-
ment or lip with its exterior part sub orbicular emarginate,
or bifid ; upper segments obovate, cuneate, with the filament,
or ahve antheriferous segment, between them. Asther as
‘in the genus, double, with a spur from the lower end of each
lobe. Germ beneath, villous, three-celled, with many seeds
ineach. Style slender, at its insertion are the usual twonec- —
Regen bodies. Stigma globular, gaping on the anterior side,
Obs. From the oval pendulous tubers, Mr. Colebrooke
observes, a sort of starch or Arrow-root-like fecula is pre-_
pared, which is sold in the markets of Benares, and is eaten :
oH om natives. *
P ot ». a * IL Spikes ail ‘oils Be ee i :
2. © to inp lo Wii yy. + Obs. 3.72, :
ee Wiis’ Goblin. Suid lege Hort Vind. 3.4
{ Manjella-kua, Rheed. Mal. 11. p. 21. ¢. 1. sind
Careumaa of Avicemma. ©
Sans. Houridra, Huldee, Posi
— Kramghna, Yoshitpriya, Hoviasives. tS Sepa
*
_ Curcuma,- MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 33
Arab, Urukus-sufr, siniibiitinaitine Bees) ee
_ Pers. BA eee oe ORE a i ee 3
_, Hulud, or Haludee. Mahraty,,. a aid |
_ Is much. cultivated. about. Calcutta, and i in all arte. of
Bengal. _.Kénig’s description published by Reizius, is so
edi exact, and aed that ree nora left for me a
‘The peer ns oy friable, and si so high as, not, to te
peor vet: during, the, rainy season, such as the Bengalees
t Calcutta ;call Danga., It is, often. planted on land
where. Sugar-cane grew the preceding year, and is deemed.a .
: oil of weeds, belaied It is see raised, in April. and May, ac-
cording as the rains, begin, to. fall, into ridges, nine or ten
inches high, and eighteen or twenty broad, with intervening -
vane ning: or ten inches broad. The. aie qnepee
Sat about: eighteen inphnaiors two shot ‘asunder. une
acre santas fromnine hundred such sets, and yields in
3 ry, about two thousand ie ie a
aren gia
13. C. Amada, Re )555' ‘er fads
Bulbs conic, and with the ge por pnts og va
yellow. Leaves long-petioled, broad. lanceolate, smooth, —
Spikes: anneal FarecRlomyorod, The whole i monierely.
Aaadaol, ibe Sampilena Bi gt means
t tthe sides of an ovate-cnc bulb ofthe ame colour, wl ick
‘You. I. a, Pe
34 MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Curcuma,
gives existence and support to the leaves, and spike ; from
its sides and base long fleshy fibres issue, which peneirate
deep into the soil ; some of which end in oblong, paler (pen-
dulous) tubers. ‘Stems no other than the united sheaths of
the leaves, Leaves radical, bifarious, petioled above their
sheaths, ventricose, lanceolar, cuspidate, smooth on both sides;
from six to eighteen inches long, by three to six broad; . q
they decay about the end of October, and appear again 4
with the first showers of April or May. The petioles 1 divide
into two portions: the lower or sheathing part from six to
twelve inches long; and the upper or proper petioles, from
_ three to nine; the whole measuring in general, from one to
two feet, Scape central, about six inches long, invested ‘in
several alternate sheaths. Spike shorter than the scape, cy-
lindric, crowned with a tuft ef loose, coloured, »pale «rosy,
abortive bractes, Bractes oblong, imbricated, the lower
half of their margins united to the backs of the two next
above, forming a pouch, for a fascicle of four or five, rather
small, yellow flowers, which expand in succession’; these have
each a proper bracte, which embraces the tube of the flower
canlly, oud may be called an inferior calyx. Calyx superior,
: ally thrée-toothed, Corol with a slender tube; its
south shut with three yellow hairy glands; faux sub-cam-
panulate. Border double, both three-cleft, &c. as i in sheetae
species, Germ oval, hairy, pS ae vel
sngehediarhetl to sheis.conteah Bo Soest:
-
deep yellow. | Leaves scones a
whole plant, (even the spike and coma,) ee
a oe Amb. 5. n004: oar d
Curcuma. -MONANDRIA MONOGYNTA, 35
Root consisting, like that of the other species, of bulbs, and
palmate, pendulous tubers; aromatic, and bitter, and em-
ployed by the Malays of Sumatra to dye with. Leaves pe-
tioled, broad-lanceolar, smooth; from one to three feet long’;
the petioles, and sheaths thereof about aslong. Spike central,
large. Bractes, even those of the coma, uniformly green ; the
ae — paler, Flowers —— mer dit poets is madd
£6; Ch-nodeanabhleneile ip 2..N. 151.
Bulbs conic, with pale-yellow palmate tubers, Leaves anole
petioled, oblong. The whole plant ge rag —
the rosy coma of the spike.
» It grows in moist places, amongst die Oirtier mountains,
—e time the rainy season, © Sie
© Root perennial, consisting of conical bulbs ance in
the remaining’ sheaths of the leaves, and also of horizontal
tubers, asin ginger, &c. with large fleshy fibres from their
base. Leaves radical, three or four-petioled, their petioles
from eight to twelve inches long, enveloped in a few sheaths,
forming something like a stem; the leaves themselves are
oval, pointed, bedutifally ivteinand ‘smooth, from eight to
twelve inches long, and from five to six broad. Spikes rise
from the centre of the petioles; their peduncle is of their
length, ‘and involved in its proper sheaths. .Bractes numer-
ous; the inferior roundish, the superior oblong; the lower
half of the base of the two inner are united to the margins of
the next without, forming a sack, which contains from two to
four flowers, each of which has a smaller wedge-formed mem-
branaceous proper bracte.' The coma or superior bractes
large, waved, rose-coloured, and (generally) without flowers,
Calyx as in the two former species. T'ube of the corol widen-
ing, somewhat campanulate; border double, Exterior
‘three-parted ; s aiiaumaduadiaemia Anterior t pwo-l
waved; an sda dlibtles nent e
ihiddle oqpmbartd - sie ipo of the interior border of the
36 _MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cureumas.
corol ; anther two-lobed, linear, the under point of éach lobe
ending in a long sharp spur. Germ below. Base of the
style embraced with the usual two nectarial bodies, which in
this species are larger; i he mats globular, two-lipped,
— marked. an
“16, C. ‘sooleuldi R. nts
Bulbs fusiform, with scarcely any palite vilibiasd but
many straw-coloured, oval, pendulous ones, Leaves —
ed, oblong, reclinate.
» Discovered by H. T. Colebrooke, Esq. in the into parts
of India, where it blossoms during the rains,
_ Root .a bulbous head, from iehicks descend many flechy
Slréa) ending in large, smooth, oval tubers. . Stem-none, but
the. height of the whole plant (viz. the. spike) is aboutsix
inches; the leaves, being reclined, add nothing to its height. 5
Leaves radical (in the only plant at present in my posses-
sion, from which this description is taken); four in number,
two. on each side of the spike, embracing it closely, with the
lower sheathing ‘part of their petioles reclined, oblong, acute 5 _
margins slightly waved ; smooth on both sides; length, ex- —
clusive’ ofthe petiole, about nine inches, and about four or: 3
five broad. Petioles, including the oe: base, from: —
three to four inches long, deeply ch and smooth.
Spike from the’ centre. of the 1 t
ovate, obtuse, expanded eoloured bractes: actbeiceaarde i
and more deeply coloured as in the other species of this fa-_
mily ; but here, and in no other that I have yet seen, are the _
whole deeply coloured. Flowers small, of a dull dark pink |
colour, ‘except. the lower segment of the inner border, which —
is tinged with yellow. © Calyx inflated, obscurely three- —
toothed, scarcely half the length of the tube of the corol.
_ Tube of the: corol oe shone hips Tv
Amomun. | MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 37
aol? CG, aaa Re» tscee ube oo
Bulbs and celina binge ns sedi ateall davwasd cae.
pale yellow; tubers numerous, pendulous, on short fusiform
fibres... Leaves long-petioled, oblong, ovate with the base
rounded, (this is the only species known to me, in which
_ they have this form.) _ The whole plant uniformly green, ex-
' eept the lilac-coloured coma of the spike. 945 9) >
A native of Pegu, and from thence sent by Mr. F, Caley
to. the Botanic gondeniats Caleutta, where it blossoms in
August.
- Obs, This. siecle differs conspicuously ents all my Ais
-eurcume im the cordate shape of the leaves. The spike is
central, as in the other late flowering species, its coma small,
and. of a lilac colour; the bractes very perfectly united al-
most to the broad, ccmicnah apex, forming eee “~
ponerie! for the small — flowers, 4 -Aiey showy
if
seeds gu AMO UM. Schreb. gen. plant N.3.
eile: with the interior border. unilabiate.
bie... surmounted with an entire, or ie crest, Capsule
three-yalyed, . Seeds many, arilled, Embryo
ished with both perisperm and. vitellus, |
ARE cifte t saboriep aie
1A, nema Linn. spec, pl. ed, Willd L.& ads
Leaves short-petioled, lanceolar. Spikes half pant vo
the. earth, loosely imbricated with villous, lanceolate, acute,.
one-flowered . bractes, - te with the anterior sare wari
— lobed. Crest three-lobed. .
. Cardamomum minus, Seeks Amb, p. 152. t. Of, hin y
_ A native. of Sumatra, and other‘islands to the eastward of
the Bay of Bengal, and sent by Dr. Charles Campbell from
pics
tint of ging but. smaller, less fleshy, more ee. '
eae OF the soil, like Co
38 _. MONANDRIA MONOGYNTA, Amomum,
. white ; from which descend, and spread, many fleshy ‘fibres.
Stems about biennial, several rising obliquely to the height of
from two to four feet, about as thick as a stout ratan, invested
in the smooth, deep green sheaths of the leaves. Leaves al-
ternate, bifarious, short-petioled on their smooth stem-clasp-
ing sheaths ; from broad-lanceolate below, to narrow-lanceo~ _
late at top, entire and smooth on both sides; point long, and —
very fine; from six to twelve inches long. — Spikes radical,
sessile, dblbing) appearing amongst the stems, half immersed
in the earth, loosely imbricated with one-flowered, lanceolate,
acute, villous, nervous, scariose, ash-coloured bractes ; when
old their brittle tops are often broken off. Bractes ; besides
the exterior one-flowered ones, just mentioned, there is an
imer, striated, downy, scariose, two-toothed, tubular one,
éwhich I have sometimes considered an exterior and inferior
calyx, and which Kénig sometimes called an involucre,) in-
serted round the base of the germ. Flowers opening in suc-
cession, and not very conspicuous. Calyx clavate, tubular,
downy, three-toothed, length of the tube of the corol. Tube
of the corol, slender, and slightly ineurved. Exterior border
of three'subequal pellucid divisions. Zip, or inner border,
rather longer than the exterior great border, somewhat three-
lobed, with a crenate, curled margin ; middle lobe yellow, with
two rosy lines leading up to it from the mouth of the tube. Bi
lament searcely half solong as.the border of the coro
-ed over the mouth of the tube, There Ww chatlaradinlate
horn on each side of the base of the fitament, and nearly its
length. Anther double, large, fleshy, with a large, three-lob-
ed, concave crest; infundibuliform stigma rising through a
deep groove between the two polleniferous lobes. Germ be-
neath, downy, and crowned with the two nectarial scales,
within the base of the tube of the corol; in this 2 Ro same:
‘are short, and truncated,
Obs. The seeds are to the taste beetle aromatic, “
are sed by “ctr as a canning om shone — k
erage oye
cc oe
Amomun, MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 39
2. A. angustifolium. Linn, spec. pl, ed, Willd.\. p. 8.
Leaves broad-lanceolate, Spikes elevated, linear-oblong,
compact; clavate bractes oblong, rather pointed, Lip obo-
vate, cuneate, entire. Crest three-toothed.
_ Amomum angustifolium, Sonnerat, it. 2.f. 137.
_ Ac native of Madagascar, From the island of Mauritius
€aptain Tennant brought plants thereof to the Botanic gar-
den at Calcutta, in 1802, where they grow freely, and blos-
som at various times of the year. Every part of the plant,
when bruised, or wounded, diffuses a — me pleasant
aromatic smell,
Root stnini Habecous, horizontal ; esi fleshy Gee,
together with runners, issue from the crown, or bulb; by
these runners the plant soon spreads, and by these it is solide
multiplied. Stems numerous, straight, round, smooth, rising
to the height of from six to ten feet. Leaves alternate, bifa-
rious, sub-sessile on their sheaths, broad-lanceolate, fine-
pointed, smooth on both sides; from twelve to eighteen inches
Jong, and from about four to six broad. Sheaths embrace.
about three quarters of the stem, are smooth, and rise in an
obtuse process, (ligula,) above the insertion of the leaves,
Scapes from the bulb, or base of the stem, where it unites: -
with the root, rather slender, from six to twelve inches long,
and closely imbricated with many, mucronate, smooth, sheath-.
ing scales, Spikes lmear-oblong, about the size of a man’s
thumb, imbricated with similar, but larger scales than those
‘of the scape; the inner more deeply coloured. Flowers.
-few, pretty large, and possessed of a strong spicy fragrance.
_Braetes ;_ proper two to each flower, linear-oblong, inserted
round the base of the germ, like an inferior perianth, Calyx
‘superior, deep blood red, smooth on both sides, slit two-
thirds on the outside, apex obscurely three-toothed._ Corot ;
~ — ahem as fF as s the beeches) # xtert rl “de
verv narrow segments, Liv iutebanaicle entire, or ligh ae aal ae
C4 ae
40 MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Amomum,.
ly three-lobed, yellow; and about as long as the» exterior
border, Filament broad, particularly, toward the base, —
where it has’a small coloured hornlet on each side, . Anther
double, surmounted. with a large, three-toothed coronet.
Germ clavate, obscurely three-sided, three-celled, with many
ovula in each, attached to the partitions, Stigma funnel-
shaped, somewhat bilabiate. Nectarial bodies of Konig
are here aterm and Jonger than in the other species,
a a ‘aiiieaseas es }
Leaves sub-sessile, condatellebnbolate Spikes obasiibe) is
even with the ground. Lip oval, ventricose. Crest amply —
three-lobed. Capsules echinate. — re ;
A native of the Malay Archipelago. ult was raised from
seed sent to the Botanic garden at Calcutta by Mr. W. Rox-
burgh, in 1802, where the plants blossom in April and May;
and ripen their seed in October and November. _
Root. perennial, tuberous like ginger, with many, thick; 3
fleshy fibres. Stems a little recurvate, the thickness of a
walking cane, slightly pubescent ; from five to ten-feet high.
Leaves alternate, bifarious, very short-petioled, cordate-lance-
olate, mucronate, smooth, dark green; generally from twelve
to eighteen inches long, and from three to four inches broad.
Sheaths half stem-clasping, villous on the. outside, hagas
short, and of a semi-lunar shape. Seapes issuing fi
base of the stem, under the surface of the ground, cwliere i.
joins the root, diverging a little way under the surface of the
earth, invested in oval, fleshy scales; those next to the spike
longer, and more pointed. — Spikes obovate, rising obliquely
among, or near the stems, just so much as to elevate its
flower-bearing apex above the surface of the earth, Flowers
numerous, and expand in succession ; prevailing colour deep
orange. Bractes; exterior sinitabelaih Inear-oblong, length
of the tube of the corol ; inner tubula with two-toothed mar=_
gin, se rd umd she bs th gem ha ni
Amomum, MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 4]
tube slightly incurved., Exterior border three-pated ; seg-
ments unequal, erect, oblong, obtuse, the middle one larger,
concave, and incumbent over the fissure of the inner border,
together forming a campanulate tube, Lip sub-rotund, with
crenulate, curled margin, and marked with beautiful crimson
spots down the middle, on the inside, _ Filament erect, with
ahornlet on each side -of its base. Anther two-lobed ; lobes
Jinear-oblong, and surmounted with a broad, three-lobed crest,
Germ inferior, three-celled, with many ovula in each, attach-
ed to the inner angle, Stigma funnel-shaped. Capsule the
size of a large nutmeg, oval, (not sulcate as in Kénig’s Amo-
mum or Globba crispa, Retz. 3. p. 50.) but thickly beset with
numerous, stout prickles, three-celled, three-valved; valves
fleshy (not nuciform as in Globba crispa, Rump, Amb. 6. p.
137). Partitions membranaceous.. Seeds many i in each cell,
oval, smooth, brown; surrounded with a pale, gelatinous,
sweetish-acid pulp or aril, intermixed with fine woolly fila~ _
ments, and attached to a central receptacle by very slender
cords, which are enveloped in the same gelatinous: pulp
which surrounded the seed. Perisperm white, cartilaginous,
Vitellus nearly spherical, lodged about the middle of the
perisperm, and of a clearer colour, and harder texture. Em-
bryo sub-eylindric, the inner end, or cotyledon, lodged in the
vitellus, which in some seeds it passes entirely threngh: a
dicle Atle dneedly to the pmbiliruRy: Beit a he ee
a .
i A. maximum. R. |
Leaves petioled, Kciseslans villous aeaernaath: ‘Spikes
_ oval, even with the earth. - Bractes lanceolate. Lip elliptic,
Coronet ‘of ‘one’ semi-lunar lobe, Pcie, round, . ines
wih eres
idiiocd fii ee Fister.
| by the rel Kyd. TGA Glew tie bers. Ve
season ; thd ie theo fur mantra aa sory
i 2 : MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Amomum.
Root tuberous, as in ginger, but much larger, and with
large, conical bulb-like bases*to the oldest stems. Stems
nearly erect, round, and smooth; from six to eight or more
feet high, invested im the smooth, long sheaths of the leaves,
Leaves alternate, petioled, lanceolar, and linear-lanceolar,
acute, smooth above; villous underneath, with many large
parallel veins; from two to three feet long, and about six
inches broad; when dry the under side appears to be more
closely covered, with most beautiful, soft, sericeous down,
than while fresh, Petioles, the sheathing part long, between
each petiole and its leaf there is a short, somewhat triangular
portion, with a stipulary process, or ligula at the inside of its
base. Spikes radical, short, their flower-bearing apex being
only just above the earth; below the flowers it is covered
with large, oval, concave scales, Bractes solitary, one-
flowered, lanceolate, membranaceous, rather longer than the
tubes of the flowers. Calyx tubular, a little gibbous, length
of the tube of the corol ; mouth three-toothed. Corol; tube
funnel-shaped. Beteot border three-parted, as usual; but
here they all converge upward into one helmet over the an-
ther and stigma, as in the Orchidew. Lip entire, expanding,
oblong, marked with a yellow stripe down the middle ; mar=
gins waved, and crenulate, Filament short, from the wet
of the tube of the corol, opposite to its interior border, on
each side of its insertion, is a small hornlet. Anther double,
or two-lobed, and crowned with a beautiful, broad, semi-
lunar crest, Nectarial bodies of Kénig linear, fluted, and
truncate. Germ short-pedicelled, striated, three-celled, with
numerous ovula in each, attached to the inner angle, (axis, )
Style slender. Stigma fumnel-shaped, but shut transversely,
except during anthesis. Capsule almost globular, size of a
gooseberry, three-celled, three-valved, ornamented with nine,
firm, sae ragged (when old and dry), ——
Dos. Bish seeds possess a warm, pungent, somatic tite e.
Amomum, -MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 48
5. A. dealbatum, R.
Leaves broad-lanceolar, villous leone Spikes tadicol
Bractes lanceolate, obtuse, (very perishable.) Exterior bor-
der vaulted. Lip round-oval. Crest of one, broad, trun-
cated lobe. Capsules ovate-oblong, nine-winged.
A stately species, a native of Chittagong, and other coun-
tries which form the eastern frontier of Bengal : from the
former it has been introduced into the Botanic garden near
Calcutta, where it grows luxuriantly, and flowers freely dur-
ing the months of March and April; and the seeds ripen in
September and October.
Roots peremnial, tuberous, crooked, jointed, creeping, like
common ginger, with strong, fleshy fibres; inward colour of
the tubers pale dull yellow, and when newly cut consider-
ably aromatic. Stems numerous, erect in the centre, and
oblique in the circumference of the clump, from three to five
feet high. Leaves sub-bifarious, the lower sessile on their
sheaths and oblong, the superior short-petioled and lanceolar;
all are very villous, and paler underneath, length from six to
twenty-four inches, breadth from three to six. Sheaths smooth,
rising in a bifid ligula above the mouth. Spikes radical,
roundish-obovate. Scape short and imbricated with scales, &c,
Bractes from ovate to lanceolate, obtuse, very perishable, pale,
one-flowered. In this species there is no ianer bracte, like an
interior calyx attached to the base ofthe germ,so general in
this natural order. Flowers numerous, large, white. Calyx
superior, rather longer than the tube of the corol, three-cleft,
and the bractes very perishable, Corol ; tube short, the three
exterior segments of the border forma vault over the anther,
they are linear-oblong, and nearly equal. Lip broad-oval,
emarginate; margins curled, white, with a little yellow in
the centre. Filament short. Anther linear, crowned with an
Se oie Germ short pedicel-
sna dthree-ale, but Ihave nt ob- a
eit eal sipantt into valves, Seeds many, shape various, 3
44 MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. = Amomum.
but oval and ovate are most common. _Integuments besides
the aril, or its dried remains, a smgle, very hard, dark colour-
ed, brittle one. Perisperm conform to the seed; white and
cartilaginous, Vitellus lodged in the upper part of the peris-
perm, of a roundish: shape,hard, sub-hyaline. E’'mbryo sub-—
cylindric, its apex mnmnersed | in the ‘deh and its hase. atthe
umbilicus;
» Obs, The seeds of this olaaes are ple te ae sa of
Amomum maaimum, which is nearly allied to it, are oxomatics
=e pass for a sort of Cardeng™
6. AL subalstenie: R.
. Leaves lanceolar, smooth, Srileans ota: “hina with
de long subulate points of the bractes, calyx, and upper
segment of the exterior border of the corol. Lip oblong...
_- A native of the lower. range of mountains which skirt the.
plains of Bengal on the north, where it grows on the borders
of the rills of water between the hills, Flowering time in the.
Botanic garden near Calcatta, March and April ; and. the:
seeds ripen during the rains.
Root tuberous, creeping: at a small diepane ie seen
face of the soil, &e. asin the genus, and amply furnished with,
numerous, strong fibres. Stems erect, about three-or four feet
high, and about as’ thick as the little finger. Seance alter-
nate, bifarious, sessile on their sheaths, narr r, fi
ly acuminate, deep green, and smooth on n both sires ;- from:
_ twelve to fifteen inches long, by three or. four broad. Sheaths
smooth, margins coloured and. rising above the mouth into an
emarginate ligula. Spikes radical, compact, a little elevat-
ed above the soil, obovate, size of a goose-egg, echinate with.
the long, subulate, pale yellow points of the bractes, inner
calyx and upper segmen of the exterior border of the corol;
Bractes numerous, the exterior imbricated upward, obovate,
dark-red, smooth, long-subulate, pointed, one-flowered 5 the
= a bole -enehifors.. Sie on eal a
Amomum. -MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA, . 2B
subulate, and much longer than the tube of the corel. Corol ;
exterior border of three nearly equal segments, the upper
one ends subulately. Lip oblong, often. emarginate; mar- —
gins a little curled, deeper yellow than the exterior segments.
Filament flat. Anther two-lobed. and: crowned with an en-
tire crest. Germ three-celled, with many ovula in each, at-
tached to the thick partitions, a little removed from the axis,
Style, stigma and nectarial scales of Konig as in the genus, -
7. A. aromaticum, Re
Beng. Morung Elachi.
A native of the vallies on the eastern frontier of Bengal,
where, as well as in the Botanic garden near Calcutta, it
blossoms during the hot season, before the periodical, rains
begin; and the fruit ripens in September; the capsules are
then. citrefilly gathered by the natives, and sold to the. drug-
gists, who dispose of them for medicinal and other purpose;
where such spices are wanted, under the name of Morung
elachi, or cardamon; though the seed vessel of this species
differs in form from all hitherto: described soxts of this drug ;
however the seeds are similar) in: — and spicy fla-
your. ern: tage Pout ot soo ene?
| Root tuberous, running for a small extent at a small depth
under the’ surface of the soil, &c. as in the order.’ | Stems in
tufts, erect, or more or less oblique according to their situation
m the tuft, those in the: centré being nearly erect, while on
the: outside they bend out considerably, all are covered with
the sheaths of the leaves, general height two to three feet ;
duration from one to two years. Leaves bifarious, lanceolar,
acuminate, ‘smooth ; from ten to twelve inches long, and from
two to four broad. Spikes radical, imbricated, at first cla-
vate, afterwards becoming roundish as the fruit advances. —
Scape. from:'o one to ‘three, oes: EES ei
46 MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Amomum,
or inferior perianth, tubular, sheathing the germ, and lower
halfof the proper perianth, Calyzx superior, cylindric, en-
tire, or dentate, villous. Corol with a long, slender tube ;
segments of the exterior border sub-lanceolar, obtuse, the up-_
per one somewhat vaulted over the stamina, and stigma.
Lip nearly round, and undivided, tinged with red down the
middle; no spurs, or projections between it and the base of
the filament. Filament linear, incurved. Anther crowned
with a three-lobed crest. Germ villous, three-celled, with
many ovula in each, attached to the axis. Capsule ovate,
size. of a large nutmeg, rather fleshy ; surface somewhat ru-
gose, three-valved, three-celled. Seeds several in each cell ;
oval, and obovate are the most prevailing forms. Perisperm
conform to the seed. Vitellu’ nearly round, occupying a
considerable portion of the upper part of the perisperms Em-
bryo clavate, length of the seed, its apex passing through
the centre of the vitellus,
8. A. sericeum. R.
» Leaves lanceolar, sericeous underneath. — Huaenize vid
cal, sub-globular, ramous. Lip obovate, base calcarate.
A native of the mountains on the north-east border of
Bengal, where it is also called Dooi Kesha. It is a stately
plant, with leaves about two feet long, and of the colour
and appearance of highly polished silver underneath, The
inflorescence a completely compound, sub-globular raceme
with the short, villous, branches thereof two or three-flower-
ed, each flower pretty long-pedicelled and embraced during
their early period with villous, oblong, membranaceous brac-
tes, which soon perish; the calyx is more permanent, tu-
bular, villous, and: ‘three-toothed: Flowers large, white,
centre of the lip’ variegated: with pink veins on a yellow
ground ; exterior border of three, nearly equal, oblong, white
segments, the upper one ends subulately from an obtuse
eer large spurs between the base of the lip and that
_ of the rather long filament ; anther of two linear lobes, crown~
ae
——_
Eg
a
oe
Bin, 4
a 4
ae
Bs 9
Be
ef i
s
g
4
ms
a:
Bt
an
ue
zs
p
Zingiber. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA, M7
ed with a very large, curled, semi-lunar crest. Germ:vil-
lous, nine-ribbed,. three-celled, &c. as in the genus. Cap-
sule Jong, narrow, ovate-oblong, three-celled, three-valved,
" surface even and smooth, colour a brownish-red, inside. deep-
er and brighter, Seeds many, obovate, black, and pretty
smooth, aril white and fleshy. Embryo simple, erect, length
of the seed, and furnished with both — and vitellus, ,
w
ZINC GIBER.
Corolla with host interior border unilabiate.. Anther dou-
ble, crowned with a single, horn-shaped,, curved. beak.
Capsule three-celled, three-valved. . Seeds. many, arilled.
mbryo simple, and furnished with both ere and vi-
art. : Co Gat
SECT. I. Spikes radical.
1. Z. officinal, Roscoe in Trans, of Linn. Soc. viii. 348)
Leaves.sub-sessile, linear-lanceolate,. smooth, _ canes ele-
al oblong ; bractes acute. Lip three-lobed. :
. Amomum Zingiber. Rinn, sp, pl. ed, Willd. 1. 6.
_ Sans, Ardrukum, Shringuverum.
_ Arab, Zenjabil. ,
e: Beng. and Hind. Adraht or Ada, The dry rot Soom,
“ ebhicaal Inschi ies Rheed, Mal, revi 21, t 12, ata
_. Zingiber majus. Rumph. Amb, 5. p. 156, t. 66. fig. 1..
This plant is universally known, and cultivated over all
the warmer parts of Asia ; where to be found indigenous I
know not. Flowering time the rainy season ; but it is. very
setie found: in that ants nor have I ever met + wage
ee ga out ie beet
48 . MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Ainyilite
long, vaginated sheaths, bifarious, linear-lanceolate, very
smooth above, and nearly so underneath, | Sheaths smooth,
crowned with a bifid stipulary ligula. Pedaneles radical, so-
litary, a little removed from the. stems, from six to twelve ~
inches long, enveloped in a few obtuse sheaths, the upper-
most of which sometimes end in tolerably long leaves,
Spikes, oblong, the size of a man’s thumb. Bractes ; exterior
imbricated, one-flowered, obovate; smooth, membranace-
ous-bordered, faintly striated lengthway ; interior solitary,
enveloping the germ, perianth, and the greater part of the
tube of the corol. Flowers rather small, when compared
with the rest of this natural order. Calyx superior, one-
leaved, opening on one side, apex three-toothed. Corol with
a double border ; exterior of three, nearly equal, oblong seg-
_ ments, Lip three-lobed, and of a dark purple colour...Nee-
tarial filaments of Kénig large, subulate, fine-pointed,
Filament short. Anther oblong, double, crowned with a
long, curved, tapering, grooved hornlet. Germ oval, three-
celled, with many ovula in each. Style filiform. Stigma
funnel-shaped, . ciliate, lodged just under the apex of the
hornlet of the anther. This famous plant is too aa known
to require any further description. |
2. Z. zerumbet. Roscoe in Trans. of Linn, i Vili. ©
Stems declinate. Leaves bifavious, sessile; lanceolar, S
Jong-peduncled, oval;: sy 3 obtuse, - - Bractes broa
obovate, obtuse, margins } Lip three-lobed.
Amomum Zerumbet, Linn. sp jel Wilid.1. 6.
~ Katou-Inschi-Kua, Rheed. Mal. 11. p. 27, tab, 13.
~~ Lampujam. Rumph. Amb. 5. p. 148. tab: 64, Fig he
~ Zimziber spurtum. Kon. in Retz: Obs. 3260, o>
Beng. Butch, or mahaburee-butch, 6)
Found wild in the woods about Calcutta. Flowering ti time
Sony season, the seeds ripen in November and December,
, nial, tuberous, as in ginger, externally which
“pale yellow, and of a. Ditter, aromatic: taste.
BT
ZLingiber. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 49
Stems annual, oblique, about three or four feet high, com-
pletely invested in the sheaths of the leaves. Leaves bifa-
rious, sessile, broad-lanceolate, entire, smooth, waved ; veins
numerous, slender, parallel ; deep-green above, pale under-
neath. Sheaths crowned with a large, broad, membranaceous,
emarginate ligula. Peduncle solitary, a little removed from
the stems, erect, from twelve to twenty-four inches long, en-
veloped in imbricated sheaths. Spikes oval, obtuse, or with
a round excavation on their apex, about the size of a goose-
egg. Bractes (or scales of the spike) the exterior one-flower-
ed, imbricated, broad-obovate, obtuse, with a broad mem-
branaceous border ; interior (or proper) solitary, one-flower-
ed, enveloping the germ, perianth, and most of the tube of
the corol. Flowers large, pale, of a sulphur colour, Calyx
superior, one-leaved, sheathing the lower half of the tube of
the corol. Corol; exterior border three-parted, &c. as in
the genus; interior, or lip broad, with the lateral lobes _
thereof particularly large ; middle division two-parted; they
are all beautifully curled, and of a pale yellow colour.
Nectarial filaments of Kénig as in the order. Filament
scarcely any. Anther large, double, with its long, curved
chorn projecting over the lip. Stigma funnel-shaped, fringed
=p done distinct hairs.
3. 7. ait R. ok « ie: teamed
Straight. Leaves sessile, linear-lanceolate. Spikes radi-
Br strobiliform, oblong, acute, Bractes obovate, acumi-
. Lip three-lobed. :
aa Vuna Ardrukum. sigs
Hind, and Beng. Bun Ada, (wild ial
Teling. Karpushpoo, (small turmeric.) =
A native of Coromandel, Bevan and Bahar. "Flowering
fleshy Feat and rant like g ginger, but wai larger
“VOL, I. D
4
50 MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. = = Zingiber.
fresh of a deep yellow ; possessing a strong, not very agree-
able, camphoraceous smell, and warm, spicy, bitterish taste.
Stems annual, erect, round, from three to five feet high, en-
tirely enveloped in the imbricated sheaths of the leaves.
Leaves bifarious, approximate, sessile on their sheaths, linear-
lanceolate, deep green above ; villous, and paler underneath,
where the nerve also is hairy like the sheaths ; from one
to two feet long, and about three inches broad, Sheaths
clothed with exceedingly pungent hairs on the outside;
their mouths ending in a stipulary process on each side of
the insertion of the leaf. Scapes radical, from six to twelve
inches long, invested in several oblong, downy sheaths.
Spikes oblong, strobiliform, compact, sharp-pointed, closely
imbricated with numerous obovate, acuminate, greenish
ferruginous (where exposed), villous bractes. _ Flowers so-
itary, (that is, one to each bracte of the spike, and blossom-
ing in succession,) large, every part ofa pale, uniform, sul-
phur colour, Calyx double; the exterior smooth, spathi-
form, three-dentate one, may be considered a bracte; it is
inserted round the base of the germ, which, as well as the
inner, or proper perianth, it entirely envelopes; when forei-
bly expanded, oval, Inner or proper perianth, superior, one-
leaved, somewhat gibbous, membranaceous, three-toothed,
on the outside divided nearly half way down. Corgh s tube
slender, as long as the scale of the spike; upper division of
‘the exterior border boat-shaped, projecting over the stamen;
under, two narrower and reflexed under the lip. Lip three-
lobed ; lateral lobes obliquely obovate, erect; middle lobe
meaty: round, with the apex emarginate, and the. border —
slightly curled, Stam, tdaithet ending ina a papesios'g
recurved beak.
;
_4. Z. rosenm. Boece : in Tank of Kites Sics 8, 34s, eit
Leaves short-petioled, lanceolate. Spikes lax, half ims
in the earth. Bractes SP ae ealdureds asa
Zingiber. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 51
‘Teling. Bumacatchicay.
Is a native of the northern Circars, where it flowers i in
the rainy season.
~ Root biennial, horizontal, jointed, and white; with many —
large fibres, Stems several, invested in the sheaths of the
leaves, &c, as in the other scitamineous plants, about two or
three feet high, leaves included, Leaves somewhat petioled,
bifarious, lanceolate, acute, tending to one side, smooth, fine-
ly veined, about twelve inches long, and from three to four
broad. Spikes remote from the stems, just appearing above
the ground when in flower, imbricated with lax, lanceolate,
_ reddish, one-flowered bractes, _ Flowers solitary, colour a
mixture of red and yellow. Bractes, besides the exterior one
already mentioned, there is an interior one for each flower
between it and the rachis, which is linear, with an obtuse,
notched apex. Calyx one-leaved, tubular, above, mem-
brahaceous; mouth toothed. Corol ; tube cylindric, erect,
Sidersbiy longer than the bractes, Border.double; ex-
terior three-parted ; ; in this plant the two approximiated di-
visions are above, linear, pointed, and recurved, sometimes
revolute ; the lower division stands single, and is like the su-
perior two, linear and revolute; all are of a bright red colour.
Interior, or lip: single, broad, obtuse, reflexed over the su-
perior ‘two divisions of the exterior border. Filament, and
anthers as in the other species. Style rather longer than
the horn of the anther. Stigma perforated, and ciliate.
Two similar awl-shaped nectarial bodies at the base of the
style, are also present here. :
Obs, I have not found that the natives” make oy use ce of
this plant, ae
5. ZL. ligulatum, R.
Leaves approximate, ; sessile lanceolate. Spikes lax, m more.
“A native of finilooaban eeeick time in the Botanic ae
D2 fae
52 MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA, LEG
garden the rainy season; . the seeds ripen in Sicebe: and
December.
Root jointed, running horizontally at some depth under the
surface of the earth, and furnished with long fleshy fibres from
the joints; from these joints shoots rise, and by them the
plant is readily propagated, Stems about two feet high,
bending considerably to one side. Leaves alternate, approxi-
mate, bifarious, sessile on their sheaths, from cordate below
to lanceolate toward the top of the plant, both sides smooth,
and marked with paralleled veins, the under side paler green,
length from three to twelve inches, and breadth about four,
Sheaths smooth, from the mouth of each rises a remarkably
large long strap, or ligula, which by the growth of the plant —
becomes bifid, and. by age scariose. Spikes radical, half
hid in the earth, oblong, loosely imbricated with cuneiform,
pink-coloured, one-flowered, exterior scales or bractes; 3; and
_ the same number of inner colourless, tridentate shorts
bractes; or, as they may be called, inferior perianths. Calyx
superior, one-leaved, spathiform, about half the length of
the tube of the corol, irregularly tridentate. _ Corol ; tube
slender, the length of the exterior scales of the spike, incurv-
ed. Exterior border of three, nearly equal, linear, acute,
smooth, reddish divisions. Lip oblong, obtuse ; margins much
curled, with two expanding, more or less acute lobes at the
very base; colour a pale yellow. Filament short ; below the
two-lobed anther, linear, ending above in the fia long, ta-
per, curved, grooved beak. Germ oval, villous, three-celled,
each containing many ovula attached to a central receptacle,
Style very slender, and so long as to elevate the funnel-shap-
ed, ciliate stigma to an equal height with the apex of the fi-
lament. Nectarial scales long and slender, embracing the
base of the style within the bottom of the tube of the corol.
Capsule ovate, size of a large olive, three-sided, three-celled,
three-valved, opening from the apex down the angles; inside |
of ‘the cells crimson, Calyx leathery, striated, pale, dull
yellowish sea. colour. Seeds many, Chas biecki b Us wn 5
Zingiber. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 53
a little rugose, arilled. 4ril white, nearly complete, and
ragged at the upper end. Perisperm conform to the seed,
cinereous. Embryo apni, central, nearly as long as the
perisperm.
6. Z. rubens. R. : )
Leaves \anceolar. Spikes lax, half immersed in the earth,
Bractes linear-lanceolate, straight. Zip narrow-ovate, en-
tire,
A native of the interior of Bengal; from the district of
Rungpore Dr. Buchanan sent the plants to the Botanic gar-
den, where they blossom in August.
~ Root tuberous, &c. as in the other species. Stems herbace-
ous, somewhat declinate, from two to four feet high. Leaves
alternate, bifarious, sessile on their sheaths, smooth on both _
sides; general length about twelve inches, and from four to
five broad. Sheaths with a large, membranaceous, stipula-
ry process at the mouth. Spikes several from the base of
the stems, where they join the root, half immersed in the earth,
sub-obovate, fastigiate, laxly imbricated with numerous’
straight, erect, linear-lanceolate, acute, involute, red, slightly
ous, exterior bractes. Inner bractes, or inferior perianth,
the length of the tube, but shorter than the exterior bractes,
and irregularly tri-dentate. Calyx superior, sub-cylindric,
membranaceous, pellucid, most slightly villous; mouth three-
toothed. Corol with a long, slender, cylindric tube; seg-
ments of the exterior border linear-lanceolate, acute, red.
Lip ovate-oblong, entire, speckled with red and yellow.
Filament scarcely any. Anther of two long lobes, crowned —
with the long, characteristic, curved horn, which is incum-
bent on and meaches to the apex os the lip. Nectarial, fila
54 MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Zingiber..
| '
7. Z. squarrosum. R. | ) =e
Leaves lanceolar. , Spikes squarrose, half immersed in ‘the
earth. Bractes linear, with long, taper, waved, recurved * ~
apices. Jip three-lobed, apex bifid.
A native of Burma, where it ripens its seeds in December.
From Rangoon Mr. F. Carey sent the fresh roots, entire
capsules, and ripe seeds to this garden, where the plants from
both the seeds and roots grew freely, and the latter oom’
edin August. ee
Root tuberous, as in ginger, &c. Stems hocbatsouanis con-—
siderably recurvate, from two to three feet high, entirely hid
in the sheaths of the leaves. Leaves bifarious, sessile, lan-
ceolar, smooth above, slightly villous underneath, cuspidate. .
Sheaths with two large conical ‘processes’ rising from their
mouths, one on each side. Spikes from the base of the stems, .
three-fourths hid in the earth, ovate, laxly imbricated, size.
of a goose-egg. Bractes green; the exterior solitary, one-.
flowered, linear, concave, long, taper, waved, recurved.: In-.
ner, one or two, (generally one), as long as the tube of the
corol, with a three-toothed apex. Flowers pretty large,
imodorous. Ca/yx superior, &c. as in the other species, Corol.
with a slender tube. Exterior border of three, pink-colour-.
ed, lanceolate, acute segments... Inner, or lip two-lobed at.
the base ; apex bifid, colour a speckled mixture of purple,
red, and celia: Filament short, anther and beak: dogetinn.
nearly as long asthe lip. Germ villous, three- with,
many oyula in each. Style and stigma as in 5 the genus.
Capsule short-pedicelled, ovate, conic, three-celled, three-
valved, opening from the apex, inside of the valves bright
scarlet while fresh, (Those sent from Rangoon by Mr. F._
Carey, were, when they reached me, perfectly dry, and then:
measured three inches in length, and one in diameter.) Seeds
many in each cell, arilled, arranged in two rows, and attach-
edie, the inner edge of the partitions. Aril complete, fleshy,
White Parispern conten: § to 2 the: gad snd Helles
Zingiber. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA, =+——(si(itséi
every part of the embryo, which is clavate, and nearly antong
as the seed, ot
8. Z. panduratum. R.
Leaves petioled above heir cent broad-lanceolar,
smooth ; ligula large and scariose. Spikes radical, half im-
mersed in the earth, lax, Bractes lanceolate, Lip ee
form, with oval, emarginate lamina,” :
This middling sized species is a native of the country
about Rangoon. From thence Mr. F, Carey sent seeds to the
Botanic garden in 1808, and in July,“1810, the plants raised
from them blossomed abundantly.
_ Root; numerous, long, fleshy, fibrous fibres, some of
which swell into lanceolar tubers, as in Curcuma ; no palmate
tubers, as in that genus. It possesses but little taste and no’
fragrance. Stalks erect, herbaceous, about three feet high.
Leaves bifarious, petioled above their sheaths, broad-lanceo- _
lar, acute, smooth on both sides; from six to twelve inches
long, from three to four broad. Sheaths smooth above their
respective leaves; each ends in a very long, scariose, smooth:
ligula. Spikes vais the. lower half immersed in the soil,
oblong, and rather loosely imbricated with lanceolate, colour-
ed,» concave, one-flowered, interior and exterior bractes,
Flowers rather small ; exterior border of three, nearly equal,
lanceolate, acuminate, pale red segments ; inner or lip very
pale yellow, panduriform, that is with two, pretty large,
rounded lobes at the base, and the /amina nearly oval, retuse,
truncate, or emarginate, Filament broad, and short. An-
ther double, and crowned with the usual beak. Germthree- _
celled, with many ovula in each, attached to the inner — |
of the cell. oe — 2
es SECT. il. Spike ermindh
, aise, ert: sixcbiliform ; benctes Stein
D4
56 _ _MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Zingiber.
A native of the forests of Rohilcund, from thence Colonel
* Thomas Hardwicke sent plants to the Botanic garden, under
the vernacular name Junglee Adruk. Here it flowers during
the rains and the seeds ripen in September and October.
Root composed of many, long-peduncled, oval, smooth,
pale-coloured, insipid, watery tubers, issuing from the base
and sides of the bulb, and palmate tubers, which are of a
pale yellow colour, and somewhat spicy taste. Stems erect,
round, enveloped in the sheaths of the leaves, which are of-
ten a little hairy ; height of the whole plant whenin blossom, =
from two to three feet.” Leaves sub-bifarious, alternate, ses-
sile on their sheaths, narrow-lanceolate, acute, smooth above,
a little hairy underneath, about twelve inches long, and about
two broad, Spike terminal, sessile on the mouth of the
- sheaths of the superior leaves, linear-oblong, somewhat stro-
biliform, many-flowered. Flowers sessile, large, pure yellow
in very part. Bractes in pairs, one-flowered, permanent ;
exterior lanceolate, concave, erect, longer than the tube of
the corol. Inner ovate, shorter, immediately enveloping the
germ, calyx, and nearly the whole of the tube of the corol.
Perianth superior, one-leaved, about half the length of the
tube of the corol, membranaceous, white, two or three-tooth-
ed, Corol ; tube cylindric, narrow. Lip with two, oblong,
very distinct, expanding, lateral lobes; middle lobe very
large, and nearly round. Anther with a very long curved
beak. Stigma (as in most plants of the order), fumnel-shap-
ed,’ ‘with, ciliate margins. Nectarial scales (of Konig), or
hornlet conical. Capsule oval, three-sided, with the angles
rounded, pretty smooth, size of a_ small olive, three-celled,
three-valved ;- each cell containing several, black, shining
seeds, eivelapel in a deeply jagged, white aril. Perisperm
conform to the lower half of the seed which it occupies, pure
white, cartilaginous. Vitellus above the perisperm, occupy-
: Seely the upper half of the seed. Embryo vertical, fond
‘ . ;
Zingiber, MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. - 57
like Z. Cassumunar, that the same —s and. ae
— well serve for both. . ‘
10. Z. marginatum. R.
Leaves sessile, lanceolate; ligula large and membrana-
ceous. Spikes terminal, Bractes obovate, with transparent,
membranaceous margin. Vectary three-lobed.
‘ ,
11. Z, elatum. R.
. Leaves bifarious, linear, recurved. Spikes terminal, lan-
ceolar, compactly imbricated with lanceolate, one-flowered
bractes, > .
A native of the interior of Bengal; in the Botanic garden
it blossoms in July and August, and the seeds ripen in Sep- -
tember and October.
Root tuberous, as in common ginger, but inwardly yellow ;
from the tubers proceed the proper roots, many of which end
in oblong, paler coloured tubers as in Curcuma. Stems her-
baceous, straight, from four to five feet high, including the
spike. Leaves bifarious, linear, recurved, smooth above ;
with many adpressed, short, soft, white hairs underneath ;
from twelve to eighteen inches long, and only one stele
broad, Sheaths a little hairy ; mouth crowned with a very
narrow, membranaceous process. Spikes terminal, solitary,
of a narrow lanceolar shape, six. inches long, and three in cir-
» cumference, every part compactly imbricated with lanceolate,
one-flowered bractes, which are an inch and a half Jong, and
a little hairy on the outside. Bractes ; interior, or inferior —
perianth shorter and broader than the exterior, but like them _
stiff, and a little hairy. Calyx superior, white, smooth;
mouth unequally toothed, little more than half the length of
the bractes. Corod exactly as in the other species, only con-
poe ol ; the plots mech Dis ct he cal so
Sabate: a jek 1 ay, hscpeatied: <pthare zo
58 MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Costus..
in each, attached to the axis, Stigma ciliate. Capsule oval,
size of a small olive, three-celled, three-valved. Seeds nu-
merous, lucid, black, enclosed in a large white ragged aril.
‘Embryo simple, sub-lanceolate, base truncate, embraced by
the perisperm: the upper half by the vitellus.
_ COSTUS. Schreb. gen. No. 4. .
Corolla with the interior border of one, campanulate, back-
cleft lobe. Filament lanceolate, with the double anther at-
tached far below its apex. Capsule three-valved, three-cell-
ed. Seeds numerous, arilled. Embryo simple, and furnish-
ed with both perisperm and vitellus, )
1... speciosus, Smith in Trans, of Linn. Soe. 1. 240. Linn,
sp. pl. ed, Willd. 1. 11.
Leaves sub-sessile, spirally exsangiul oblong, combisates
villous underneath,
Tjana-Kua. Rheed, Mal. 11. p. 15.f.8.
Tsiana speciosa. Gmel. 9.
Herba spiralis hirsuta. Rumph. Amb. 6. p- 143. t. 64, fh. bs
Sans. Kemooka.
Hind, and Beng. Keoo, ;
Banksia speciosa of Dr. Kinig, See Retz. Obs. 4. 75.
This is one of the most elegant looking plants of the na
ral order Scitaminea, It is a native of moist shady places, .
such as the low banks of water moieties, Sone Flowers name:
the wet season,
Obs. Kinig’s learns, agrees so nll writh my ae
that I have scarcely any thing to add: the chief diteomimee
are,
Ist. Mine is generally from three to oa foot high, a caaia
_ ing spirally, with the leaves spirally disposed up and tom.
the stem,
2d, In athe the ake} is at all times iene and ri id; fom Se
Alpinia, © | MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. ; 59
_ 3d. There is nothing like a crown to the anthers ; and,
4ih, The stigma consists of two, broad, glutinous lips,
which gape wide while the pollen is shedding ; between
them is evidently seen with the naked eye, the mouth of the
perforated style; on the back of the upper lip are seen the
two white glands mentioned by Konig. . I impute his not
taking notice of the two large lips of the stigma, to his hay-
ing examined the flowers sometime after they were gather-
ed, when they coalesce.
The -fresh roots are almost insipid. The natives make a
preserve of them, which they deem wholesome, and nutri-
tious ; the dry root does not at all resemble the Costus ara-.
diene of the shops.
ALPINIA. Schreb. gen. No. 5.
‘Corolla with the interior border unilabiate. Anther dou-
ble, naked. Capsule berried, three-celled. Seeds few, or
many, arilled. Embryo _— ae fone wan: both
— and vatellos, oe es ce
SECT. I. Milercicence terminal.
1. A ‘Galanga. Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd: 1. 12. Roscoe in
Trans. of Linn, Soc, 8. 345. ;
. ‘Perennial. Leaves sessile, broad-lanceolar. Panicle ter-
minal, Lip oblong, unguiculate ; apex bifid. Capsule obo-
vate, smooth ; seeds few.
Galanga major. Rumph, Amb. 5. t. 63.
Sans. Koolunyoga, Dhumoola, i esccsaeaiis 4 Kool
juna, Soogundha, Muhabhura-vucha. wae
Hind, Koolinjan. yes Tce
bis oe Kholinjan, or Khoolunjan, Soe a
species. fr to the ‘Bossic vinden. near Calcutta, oe
where the white: thrive remarkably well, and are in ble $01
60 MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Alpinia.
during the latter half of the hot season, April and ef
Seeds ripen, though rarely, in November,
- Root perennial, tuberous as in ginger, &c. possessing a
faint aromatic smell, and strorig pungent taste, like a mix-
ture of pepper and ginger, accompanied with some degree
of bitterness, and now ascertained to be the real Galanga
major of the shops. Stems perennial, or at least more dur-
able than those of herbaceous plants, nearly erect, round,
smooth ; general length, when in flower, about six or seven
feet; and as thick as a slender walking cane. Leaves occu-
py from the middle of the plant upward; the lower half
beitig inverted in leafless sheaths only ; they are short-petiol-
ed, bifarious, lanceolar, margins white Widsowewhat callous,
both surfaces smooth; from twelve to twenty-four inches
long, and from four to six broad, Sheaths smooth, with a —
short, rounded, ciliate, stipulary process above the insertion
of the leaf. Panicle terminal, erect, oblong, crowned with
numerous, spreading, simple dichotomous branches, each sup-
porting from two to five, or six, pale greenish white, some-
What fragrant flowers. Jnvolucre of Konig, in our plants
generally two-leaved, lanceolate, first withering, then falling
before, or while in blossom. Bractes concave, solitary at
the divisions, and sub-divisions of the panicle. Calyx su-
perior, sub-cylindric, smooth, white, scarcely Hestongth of the
tube of the corol ; mouth one-toothed. Corol ; exterior bord
of three, nearly eugtialy linear, recurved, smooth, pale: ereenis
divisions. Inner border or lip unguiculate, somewhat ascend-
ing, so as nearly to meet the slightly declining anther; oval’
or ovate oblong, concave, apex divided into two lobes by a
pretty deep, straight fissure ; margins incurved, curled, mi-
nutely laciniate, white, with here and there a small reddish
speck, and two recurved fleshy, coloured hornlets at the
base of the claw. Filament rather longer than the claw of
the lip. Anther double, apex deeply emarginate, projecting
Yee over the. mie of the tp Germ beneath,
Alpinia. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 61
in each cell, attached to the middle of the partition. Style
filiform. "Stigma funnel-shaped, fringed ; while the flower
is in vigorous blossom, erect between the lobes of the anther, ;
afterwards recurved under the anther, Nectarial bodies
(of Kénig) nearly square, fluted. Germ oblong, smooth,
three-celled, with two ovula in each, attached to the axis.
Capsule the size of a small cherry, obovate, smooth, deep
orange red, three-celled, but entire, as no separation seems
to exist, the thin dry cortex crumbles, or breaks to pieces,
without any tendency toseparate into valves, Seed one,rarely
two. in each cell, much compressed, size of a grain of black
pepper. Avi/ nearly complete, there being only an opening at
the apex, thin, rather fibrous, and ofa dull white colour. In-
teguments two, or three; exterior, tough, fibrous, polished,
of a dark chesnut colour, a little wrinkled ; inner hard, dark
brown; between the two is a spongy lamina of the same
colour, and I camnot well say to which it most properly
belongs. Perisperm white, friable, and very hard. Embryo
simple, dull white, (canus,) roundish in the body of the peri-
sperm, and with the narrow, conic rasiele passing through
it and pointing to the umbilicus,
Note by Mr, Colebrooke, “ The root of this plant being
ascertained to be the Galanga major of the druggists, com-
formably with what has been said of it by Rumphius, there
is no doubt of its being Kholinjan of the Arabs, termed
in Hindee Kulinjan. In Sanskrit it is called Kulanjana,
according to one authority, (the Rajnighantu;) butt Su-—
* .gandha-vacha, sweet-scented Acorus; as also Mahalhari-
vacha, according to another Indian treatise, (the A hava-
pracasa.) If the first name be genuine Sanskrit, which
is however doubtful, the similar names in other lang uages,.
including the European, must be derived Bisa or im-
mabey fom < igla ci higsim
Lass nite, alii, Panicle terial. ip ily
62 MONANDRIA MONOGYNTA. = Alpinia.
debi retuse. Capstiles — — re ee
seeded, : =
Hellenia Allughas. intk: sp. pl. ed. Willd. 1. A.
Mala-inschi-kua. Rheed. Mal. 11. p. 29. t. 14.
“Sans. Taruka.
Ben). Taruka, or Tara.
This plant is common near Calcutta, in low moist places,
among brush mod: Flowermg time the ing the
eee season,
Root tabersus biennial, or perennial, horizontal, brownish,
with many pretty thick fibres, considerably aromatic. Stem
erect, slightly compressed, entirely covered with the sheaths
of the leaves; from three to six feet highs Leaves alternate,
pifarious, petioled, oblong, ending in a fine twisted point ;
both sides smooth, and glossy ; the under side paler colour;
veins numerous, straight, exceedingly fine, going off at an
acute angle; generally about a foot long, aid ‘four inches
broad. Petioles sheathing with a aapdlary rounded process 4
rising above the insertion of the leaf. Panicle terminal,
bending slightly to one side. lowers numerous, in succes-
sion, large, of a beautiful rose colour, modorous, Calyx
superior, gibbous, fleshy, generally two or three-toothed.
Corol one-petalled ; tube short ; border double; the exte-
rior three-parted ; divisions cheat equal, outwardly downy,
concave, particularly near the ends, pale greenish. Fone, colour ;
the superior one more remote. Interior border, or lip two-
cleft, with two fleshy protuberances near ‘the base ; divisions
with two-toothed apices and waved margins, colour a beau-
tiful mixture of deep, and pale’ rose. Nectary (of Konig and
Retz.) two oblong, ¢ SEC » fleshy bodies, embracing tl the’
base of the style. “Filament short, broad, much flattened.
Anther double, each lobe ending in an obtuse’ hornlet, et. Germ
= globular, Style lodged in the groove of the fila-"
‘ment, Sa clubbed, somewhat three-sided, are
Alpinia. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA, | 63
and friable, not opening by sutures, but crumbling to pieces,
crowned with the os withered calyx, and. corol,
_ three-celled. pe”
2g: A, bracteata. R. - : : .
Leaves lanceolar, villous exadieusain Raceme sertesideal
simple; pedicels one-flowered, Bractes green. ih.
A native of the eastern parts of Bengal. In the Botanic
garden near Calcutta it flowers in March. This is one of the
smallest of our East India A/pinias ; this circumstance, and
the green bractes, immediately distinguish it from malaccen-
sis, which is not so easily done in a specific definition. :
_ Root biennial, or perhaps, perennial. Stems erect, about
three feet high, entirely invested in the smooth sheaths of the
Jeaves. _ Leaves bifarious, petioled, from ovate-oblong below,
to lanceolar above, fine-pointed ; the upper surface smooth,
polished, deep green, villous and paler underneath ; length
from six to eighteen inches. Petio/es proper, about an inch
long,and deeply channelled, Sheaths smooth, rising a little
above the insertion of the proper petioles on the inside. Raceme
terminal, erect, simple, about a span long, slightly villous;
before expansion, embraced by one or two caducous sheaths.
Pedicels throughout one-flowered, round, short, and villous.
Bractes (or inferior perianth) solitary, one-flowered, more
permanent than in the other species, and of a dull green —
colour, hiding the calyx. Calyx shorter than the bracte, open
on the underside, bidentate. Corol ; exterior border of three
oval, nearly equal, white segments; dip somewhat three-lob-
ed ; lateral lobes large and incurved into a tube round he sta-
mina; exterior narrower, with a bifid apex, colour a beauti-
ful mixture of crimson and yellow, with a paler belt on each
side, filenatt; frome with two eacyed spul a.
64 _ MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Alpinia.
4. A.'malaccensis. Roscoe in Trans, Linn. Soe, 8, 345.
Leaves lanceolate, petioled, villous underneath. Raceme
terminal, simple. Lip obscurely three-lobed, with two spurs
at the base; lateral lobes incurved. Capsules obliquely
spheroidal.
Maranta malaccensis. Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd, 1. 14.
Galanga malaccensis, Rumph, Amb, 5, p. 176. t. 71. f. 1.
A most beautiful and stately plant, a native of Chittagong,
and from thence sent by Mr. W. M. Maddern, to the Bota-
nic garden near Calcutta, where it blossoms in April and
‘May, the very hottest time of the year and ripens its seed in a
the rains.
Root perennial. Stems numerous, (within four years, asin-
gle root increased so much, as to produce about fifty,) from —
six to ten feet in height ; those in the centre erect, in the cir-
cumference bending out; in two, three, or four years, the
stoutest blossom, ripen their seed, and decay. Leaves bifari-
ous, petioled, lanceolate, acute; margins often waved, and
slightly fringed with short brown hairs; upper surface
sitfiooth; under downy ; length from two to three feet, and
from three to eight or nine inches broad. Sheaths smooth,
embracing the stems completely ; ligula ovate, obtuse,
entire, villous, Petioles (1 mean the space between the
ligula and leaf), about three inches ‘long and channelled. —
_ Racemes terminal, solitary, erect, always simple ; from six to
twelve inches long. Peduncle round, and villous, Pedicels
. short, villous, one-flowered, the largest sometimes droop a
little from the weight of the flowers. Involucre of two, or
three, caducous, hoat-shaped leaves embracing the raceme,
Flowers very large, a pure smooth shining white, except the
inner border, or labium; which is a beautiful mixture of
orange and crimson. Bractes, (or inferior calyx), gibbous,
bursting on one side to the base, and partially on the other.
- superior, one-leafed, gibbous, length of the braete,
aid
Alpinia. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA,. 65
Inner border or labium, very large; when expandéd, three
inches broad, and.two and three quarters long, somewhat
three-lobed, the two lateral semi-circular and incurved into
a tube; the middle one smaller, more projected, curled, and
sometimes bifid; from the base on each side an incurved,
sharp spur. Filament about as long as the large, broad, deeply
bifid, obtuse, two-lobed anther. Nectary of Kénig ; in most of
the other plants of this order, I have found this parito consist
of two distinct bodies, here it is of one, very thick and shert,
with its truncated.apex tuberculate. Germ inferior, obovate,
hairy, three-celled, with many ovula in each, attached to cen+
tral receptacles. Style toward the apex, hairy. Stigma ris-
ing erect through the bifid apex of the anther, funnel-shaped,
hairy. Capsule obovate, spheroidal, size of a very large
gooseberry, armed with short, sharp, stiff, slender bristles;
when ripe nearly dry, and yellow, three-celled, three-valved.
Seeds numerous, ovate, oval, or obovate, immersed in a large
portion of a soft pulpy matter, which in the immature state
form distinct arils; on each side, and round the apex a
groove, Integuments two, brown, and rather thin. Peris-
perm cartilaginous, cloven at both ends by a brown spongy
fissure, but deepest from the apex. Vitellus, the centre of
each of the superior limbs of the perisperm, is occupied by a
small, thin, oblong body of a clearer colour ; and widely dis-
tinct from both embryo and perisperm. Eubeon the upper
part crescent-shaped, with its horns projecting into the limb
of the perisperm, and in some degree into the vitellus. Ra-
dicle inferior, projecting straight from the convex, or under
side of the crescent, with its base to the umbilicus,
Obs. This is the most beautiful plant of the whole genus,
even surpassing. A. nutans, which I believe the Dotnet
Pe a EL tee ees
ls. i the ine rts 3 evo tresowere”
VOL. I,
66 MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Alpiniay
drooping. Lip broad, three-lobed, the lateral incurved into
a tube; the exterior curled and bifid. re oe
yin 2 on the sides. Seeds few. -
Beng. Poonnag-champa.
~ Renealmia nutans. Andr. Bot. Repos. 5. t. 360.
Globba nutans. Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd. 1. 15.3.
This very elegant plant, a native of the Eastern Islands,
was introduced by the Rev. Dr. Carey, into the Botanic gar-
defi: near Caleutta, where it blossoms in April and May.’ '
~ Root perennial, tuberous, &c. as in the other species.
Seams ‘more or less bent to one side, (a direction common to
most of the plants of this order,) from four to six feet high.
Leaves bifarious, sub-sessile on their sheaths, occupying the
upper half of the stems; the lower are broad-lanceolar, the
upper much narrower, all are entire, and remarkably smooth
on both sides ; while young the margins villous ; length from
one to three feet. Sheaths of the leaves smooth, -witly a stipu-
lary bearded process, rising above the insertion of the leaf,
Racemes terminal, compound, variously curved, villous,
about a foot long, drooping under the leaves, Involucre of
generally two, ecidncons, lanceolate, boat-shaped sheaths,
Flowers wamerous, large. Pedicels two or three-flowered.
Bractes large, concave, pure white, with a pink-coloured
apex, smooth; a common one to the-txo. La fowenss meet :
a proper, smaller one to the second 1ird. flo’
expand in succession: fee lonig tie afm cho tic Cale
superior, , colour of the ‘bractes, three-toothed. Corol with
a double border; exterior three-parted, pale’ pmk, with
deeper rosy antiely upper division oval, incumbent} lower .
two linear-oblong, revolute, with the apices rounded, . Inner
lip large, ovate-cordate, obscurely three-lobed, lateral lobes
incurved into a large campanulate’ tube ; apex of the’ inte-
rior lobe bifid, margins curled; at the base are two spurs
which embrace the base of the style; colour of the whole a
PRkountaea orange yellow, with a dark ¢ crimson;
Alpinia, MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 67
.
ovula in each, attached to the inner edge of the partitions.
Stigma on the first expansion of the flower erect through |
the fissure of the apex of the anther; afterwards, as the style
lengthens, its apex becomes involute, and throws the stig-
ma under the anther. Nectaries (of Konig) two, square,
fluted, fleshy bodies within the tube, on the = of the oe,
ppg} g the base of the style. |
Obs, This is no doubt one of the most gaudy of our East
Indian Scitaminee, It multiplies itself by the root very fast,
grows quickly, and continues to produce its numerous, large,
elegant, drooping panicles, of beautiful flowers for two
months, and more or less the whole year round.
6. a mutica, R,
Leaves short-petioled, narrow-lanceolar, polished. Recenie
erect, compound. Lip three-lobed, base spurless. Cap-
sule buried. Seeds numerous, angular. Ail evanescent. -
Found indigenous in the forests of Prince of Wales’ Island
by Mr. W. Roxburgh, and from thence introduced into the
Botanic garden near Calcutta, where it flowers about the
We oe the es and ripens its seed from October till
January.
‘Stems numerous, erect, involved in the sheaths of the
deiivés, from four to six feet high, generally biennial, as they
do not perish till after the seed is ripe. Leaves alternate, bifari-
ous, short-petioled, narrow-lanceolar, acute polished, and en-
tire, from ten to twenty-four inches long. Sheaths smooth,
- ending in a rounded ligula, above the insertion of the leaf.
Racewes terminal, erect, compound, conical, many-flowered ;
peduncles a little downy. Pedicels alternate, short, villous,
ewe three, or even four-flowered. Bractes of the edicels
= a’, with te Biwi Eaure deepest, he white, Coro 15 tae
68 MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Alpinia,
much recurved, much shorter than the calyx ; border double.
Exterior three-parted ; superior divisions incumbent, oval,
concave, inferior two smaller, linear-oblong, narrower than
the superior one; all are obtuse and of a pure glossy white
colour. Lip or inner border, large, elegantly variegated
with crimson and yellow, surrounded with an orange-colour-
ed edging, three-lobed; the two lateral lobes semi-lunar,
and inate into a large sub-campanulate tube under the
upper segment of the exterior border ; exterior lobe smaller,
curled, and bifid. In this species there are no spurs between
its base and the filament, as in most of the other species of
this genus, Filament nearly as long as the broad double
anther, which projects over the middle of the lip. Germ
round, villous, three-celled, with many ovula in each attached
to the partitions near the axis, Style filiform, embraced at
the base by a single, truncate, dentate, glandular body, (nec-
tary of Kénig, Retzius, and Willdenow.) Stigma funnel-
shaped, ciliate, rising with a curve through the bifid apex
of the anther. Capsule berried, size of a large gooseberry,
deep orange, or yellow, according to their state of maturity ;
not opening spontaneously as in A, nutans, when dry, wrmk-
led, and a little hairy, Seeds numerous, angular, arilled,
Aril complete, but thin, and when perfectly dry scarcely
traceable. Integuments two; exterior thin, inner dark brown,
and spongy. Perisperm cartilaginous, a deep pit at the
base, and a deep cleft from the apex down to near the mid-
dle. Vitellus as in Alpinia malaccensis, in the centre of each
of the superior lobes of the perisperm, is a somewhat clearer,
distinct body, as if a continuation of the horns of the crescent ,
of the embryo, but perfectly distinct, and readily separable
from them and the perisperm. Embryo an inverted crescent,
with the cylindric radicle descending-from the convex side —
through the pit at the. base of the perisperm to the umbilicus,
psc abe ' is also a very degeuk species, and holds a mich
.
*
Alpina. , MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 69 -
7. A. calearata, Roscoe in Trans. of Linn, Soe. 8. 347.
Leaves linear-lanceolar, polished, Spike compound, erect.
Lip ovate-oblong, apex curled, and bifid, 5
Renealmia ‘calcarata, Andr. Bot. Repos, 6. t. 421:
A native of China, and from thence introduced by Captain
J. Garnault, into the Botanic garden near Calcutta in 1799 ;
where it thrives Juxuriantly in the common soil of the gar-
den, and blossoms in March, April, and May, but more or. |
less all the year. .
Root perennial, pecibiotsl, somewhat woolly, crooked, -
pale-coloured, stoloniferous, fragrant, enveloped while young
in short, alternate sheaths; when old marked with their ci-
catrices; and furnished with many fleshy ramous fibres. -
Stems oblique, smooth, from two to four feet high, Leaves”
alternate, bifarious, short-petioled on their sheaths, narrow
lanceolar, fine-pointed, entire, smooth on both sides ; length
frequently twelve inches, and the breadth from one to two.
Sheaths of the leayes stem-clasping, smooth, with a stipulary
process projecting above the insertion of the leaf. Racemes _
terminal, solitary, erect, compound, lowers numerous, |
large, generally in pairs or more, but expanding at different
periods. Braetes solitary, boat-shaped, white, one-flowered.
Perianth superior, three-toothed, white, smooth. Corol with
double border. Exterior three-cleft ; divisions equal, linear,
expanding, pellucid, white. Interior, or lip ovate-oblong,
large, deeply coloured with dark purple veins on a yellow
ground, apex two-lobed, lobes rounded and curled ; there are
no lateral Jobes in this species, nor are the sides much incurv-
ed; but two, incurved, sharp, subulate horns project from its
two posterior angles, and embrace the base of the filament.
Filament single, opposite to the lip of the corol, projecting,
_ Ke. as in the genus. Germ spherical, hairy, three-celled, with
"many ovula in meus testy teednoee mati Sets
70 MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Alpinia, -
8. A. spicata, R. . ;
Spike terminal, oblong, compactly imbricated with narrow
lanceolate, acute bractes. :
A native of Sumatra, from thence introduced eel Mr.
Roxburgh into the Calcutta Botanic garden in 1803. Is the -
slowest growing and smallest of the genus in this garden.
Flowering time the close of the rains. :
Root as in the other species. Stems arising in an bho
direction to the height of about two feet, when from two to’
three years old the flowers appear, and after their functions
are performed, the stems decay. Leaves bifarious, sessile on
their sheaths, broad-lanceolar, fine-pomted, surfaces and
margins smooth, from six to twelve inches long. Sheaths of
the leaves smooth, ending in a long, bifid, or simple ligula. ”
Spikes terminal, strobiliform, compact. Bractes, the exterior
imbricate, ensiform-lanceolate, one-flowered, outside slightly
villous, Interior or inferior calyx, one-leaved, sub-cylindric,
length of the perianth proper, mouth obliquely truncate, |
outside villous. Calyx superior, like the inner bracte, and
of the same length, &c. Corol, exterior border of three,
very acute, linear-lanceolate segments. Inner or lip uncer-
tain, as the only two spikes I have yet seen did not expand —
sufficiently, to allow me to ascertain its form. Filament
short, anther large, of two, long linear lobes with the style
sunk between them. Germ oval, very hairy, three-celled,
with numerous ovula in each, attached to the axis. Style”
slender, Stigma large, ve of — > gaping ;
lobes.
_ ie = ae
SECT. I. Infrae adieal
_ 9. A. cardamomum. R. CSE ot |
_wScapes from the base of the stem, te adifsouiy fexune, y
% Procumbent. — Lip three-lobed, with calcarate base.
n eens, seu Corcinbreest ced, v, spe P
t. 131.
Alpinias ' MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 7h
Amomum repens. Roscoe, Willd. and Sonnerat..
Elettaria. Rheed, Mal. 11. p. 9. t. 4 aad bbs: cones ed
Cardamomum minus, Pharm. Lond. and Edinburgh. ai
_ Sans, Prithweeka, Chundruvala, Ela, Nishkooti, Buhoola.
_ Beng. Elachi, Elaich.
_ Ailum chedy of the Malabars, of the Malabar Coast.
_ Hil of the Persians. De me
Kakulah, also Hal, of the Arabs. ae oaks
Teling. Sana-yallacci,
_ Cardomum, Buch, Journey, 2. 336—510,538, and 3. 995,
. A native of the mountainous part of the Coast of Malabar.
Root tuberous, with numerous fleshy. fibres. Stems peren- .
nial, erect, smooth, joined, enveloped in the spongy sheaths of
the leaves; from six to nine feet high, Leaves bifarious, sub-.
sessile on their sheaths, lanceolate, fine-pointed, somewhat vil--
lous above, and sericeous underneath, entire; length from one
to two feet. Sheaths slightly villous, with a rounded stipu-
lary process rising above the mouth. Scapes several (three or _
four) from the base of the stems, resting on the gr , flex-
uose, jointed, ramous, from one to two feet long. . Branches or
racemes alternate, one from each joint of the scape, sub--
erect, two. or, three inches Jong. Bractes solitary, oblong,
.00tl , membranaceous, nerved, sheathing, one to each joint _
of ‘the. scape, which embrace the insertion of the raceme, or
branch; and one at each of their joints, . Flowers alternate;
short-pedicelled, solitary at each joint of the racemes, open-
ing in succession for a length of time, as the racemes lengthen, _
Calyx above, widening to the three-toothed mouth, about. .
three quarters of an inch long, striated with fine nerves, per- -
‘manent, Corod withering, Tubes slender, as long as the calyx. . "
Border double, exterior of three, oblong, concave, nearly -
equal, pale greenish white divisions. Inner lip or nectaryy_
' obovate, much Jonger, than the divisions of the exterior bor-
| lobed ma folet stripes:
fly i pecs
at t each ‘side mg its insertion and close by the base otathe —
E4,
72 MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Alpinia, -
" filament is.a small acute hornlet, as in most of the plants of
this genus, and in several of the other genera of our other
Indian Scitaminee. Filament short, erect. Anther double,
emarginate. Germ beneath, oval, smooth. Style slender, |
Stigma fumnel-shaped. Nectarial scales of Konig, subulate,
almost: half the length of the tube of the corol. Capsule oval,
somewhat three-sided, size of a small nutmeg ; thrsoroctied,
three-valved, Seeds many, angular.
Obs. The following account of this interesting plant has
lately been transmitted to me by Captain Dickson, the Com-
manding Officer of the district of pee where the Cardo-
mum is cultivated, viz.
“The Cardomum shrub is found in great andeiin among
the western mountains of Wynaad, and is called by the na-
tives of Malabar Ailum chedy (the Ailum shrub). 1 cannot ob-
tain any satisfactory derivation of the true import of the
word Ailum, unless, as is alleged, it implies in the Sanskrit -
language, celebrity, and eminence.
“ The shrub is said to be produced as follows. ‘Before the
commencement of the periodical rains, in June, the cultiva-
tors of the Cardomum ascend the coldest, and most shady sides :
of a woody mountain; a tree of uncommon size and weight
is then sought after, ‘the adjacent spot is cleared of weeds,
and the tree felled close at its root, The earth shaken, and
loosened by the force of the fallen tree, shoots forth | young
Cardomum plants in about a month’s time. I have repeatedly —
enquired of the natives the méans by which the Cardomum
plants are first produced, and have invariably been told as
already stated. They attribute no other effects to the falling
tree, which may be selected from any spécies, than such as
are derived from its weight and strength, added to the shade
and shelter which its branches afford to the young plants, »
I have heard it by some asserted that the Cardomum,like the
pc aaa would emerge from the ashes of any large _
bat these stories were uttered only ax the ° enomna
Alpinia.. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIAS 73
~The stirub continues to grow in this manner until after-
the early rains of the fourth year, in February, when it has
reached its utmost height, which varies from six to nine feet ;_
four or five tendrils are now seen’to spring from its stem
near the root, and afterwards the fruit is produced, which is
gathered the following November; and requires no other
preparation, than drying in the sun, The fruit is annually
collected in this way, until the seventh year, when it is usual
to cut it down, and from the trunk other sprouts arise, ia
course of the next monsoon; which grow, flourish, and are
cultivated as before. The husk with tHe seed I have called
the fruit, as it corresponds with the native name. The seeds
are termed the rice, and the tendrils the threads of the plant.
“Ido not hear of any varieties in the species, and now
enclose you a specimen of some just given to me by the
person who farms the collection, and accounted of an inferior
growth. It may not be unnecessary to mention, that this
commodity yields to Government from 25 to 30,000 rupees
per annum. The inhabitants use it as a general condiment
to their food, and it is likewise held in sacred estimation for
the purposes of sacrifice. It is constantly chewed with betle,
and some medicinal properties are ascribed to it when used
in decoction for complaints of the bowels. I am assured, by
all, that the seeds of the Cardomum will never produce
plants, and that it is only to be propagated as already stated, ie
or i pees & :
40. A, punicea. R. | rae
Leaves lanceolate. Spikes radical, compact, grep
Lip entire, sub-parabolic ; base spurless. ‘sg
A stately species, a native of Sumatra, frst .
the late Dr. C. Campbell, to od Botanic cullen See :
or ctor sdk. willl: near the base; general heights ae
74 MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Alpinia,.
about six or seven feet, and as thick as a slendér walking
cane. Leaves sub-bifarious, short-petioled on their sheaths,
lanceolate, rounded at the base, both sides smooth ; from six ;
to twenty inches long, by from three to six broad. Sheaths
smooth on both sides, rising into a short, ciliate ligula, above.
the insertion of the short, semi-cylindric, proper petioles..
Spikes radical, half immersed in the earth, sub-cylindric, .
pretty compactly imbricated with from oblong to lanceolate, .
coloured, smooth, one-flowered bractes. Flowers large, colour |
a bright ‘red, like the finest carmine. Bractes interior, or.
inferior perianth, tubular, length of the tube of the corol ;
with an unequally two, or three-toothed mouth. Peridesthi
proper superior, tubular, length of the tube of the corol ;.
mouth generally bifid. Corot with long, slender tube hid
within the bractes, and perianths. -Axterior border of three, .
small, paler coloured, lanceolate segments. Lip highly |
coloured, large, entire, horizontal, sub-parabolic, the lower
part broad, and incurved round the stamina ; /amina linear,
with entirely rounded, or slightly marginate apex. Filament.
short, base spurless. .Anther double, apex bifid, and naked. -
Germ three-celled, with numerous ovula in each, attached .
to their respective receptacles, a little removed from the axis...
Base of the style embraced = two subulate nectaries, sere
a — ciliated gape. iy
Si cata Faas sg
Ln. A. Cardamomum siclkang Rs hitn
Leaves lanceolar, villous underneath. Spikes aerate
Lip ovate-lanceolate. Capsules pedicelled, of an ovate ob-
Jong, conical shape, and nine-winged.
A native of the hilly countries in the vicinity of Silhet,
where the plant is called Do-Keswa. It blossoms about the
beginning of the rains, in June, and the fruits ripen in Sep-
oa when they are amine and sold to the dealers in -
pa aes P ein above: their ee linear ulna
4
~
Alpinia, MONANDRIA MONOGYNIAL © = is 7H
four inches broad, Sheaths villous, rising in an obtuse ligu-
la above the insersion of the leaf. Spikes radical, oblong,
laxly imbricated, rising but little above the earth ; lower part,
or scape hid in the soil, and clothed with shorter scariose
bractes, Flowers numerous, large, red, fragrant. Bractes ;
exterior, one under each flower, lanceolate, ribbed, smooth,
yellowish pink; interior, or inferior perianth tubular, length
of the proper perianth. Calya superior, length of the tube.
of the corol, tubular, with three-toothed, coloured apex.
Corol; tube cylindric, long and slender; segments of the
border linear-oblong, obtuse. Lip with pretty broad cor-
date base, from thence tapering to its entire obtuse point,
much longer than the segment of the exterior border ; mar-.
gins curled. Filament, anther, germ, style, stigma, and nec~
tarial bodies, as in the genus. Capsules pretty long-pedi-.
celled, ovate-oblong, while fresh above an inch and a half.
long, and nearly one in diameter, somewhat three-lobed, each»
angle marked with a larger vertical wing, and two smaller.
on the flatter sides, between the large ones, three-celled..
Seeds numerous, obovate, with a groove on one side, In-
teguments two; exterior soft, while fresh it may be called the
succulent aril; interior white and rugose. Perisperm con-
form to the seed, white, and friable, perforated by a spongy,’
brown substance above the embryo. Vitellus somewhat hy-
aline, rising on each side of the perforation like two horns,
Embryo sub-clavate, its small end lodged at the umbilicus. —
Obs. The form of the capsule, which resembles that of
Geertner’s Zinziber Ensal, and the acrid, aromatic taste of
the seeds, induce to conclude that this is the plant which pro-
duces the en medium of the writers on ‘Materia
——— < pager ‘Vestn
76 _ MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Globba:,
. A native of the interior parts of Bengal, where it blossoms
during the rains.
Root perennial, throwing off numerous | auckers, bid run
both above and under the surface of the earth, by which
this species is soon multiplied. Stems many, erect, or near-
ly so, as thick as a man’s forefinger, smooth, from four to six.
feet high. Leaves bifarious, sessile on their sheaths, lanceo-
late, smooth on both sides ; from twelve to twenty inches long, |”
by from four to five broad. Sheaths smooth, rising little
above the insertion of the leaf. Spikes radical, solitary, the
apex onlyrising above the soil, laxly imbricated with oblong,
obtuse, smooth, exterior, and interior, one-flowered, green
bractes ; besides the interiof, proper, tubular, thin, colourless
bractes or inferior calyx. Calyx superior, tabular, length of .
the tube of the corol; mouth three-toothed, split quite down
on one side; colour from the middle upwards deep red.
Corol; exterior border of three, sub-lanceolate, obtuse, red
segments, Lip sub-linguiform, the base broad, and axis in-
curved, forming an envelope for the stamen, from thence pro-
jecting almost horizontally, into a long linear, bifid lamina,
with curled margins; colour yellow, witha little red down
the centre. Siamen as in the genus. Germ hairy, three~
celled ; ovula many, attached to one fleshy receptacle in the —
inner iin Style embraced at the base by the nectarial
hodies, which are in this species bidentate. - Beas ete
es ae
acne
GLOBBA. eens ete .54.
Corolla with the interior border two-lobed, or none. Fila:
ment very long, base tubular, and winged with a cruciform.
lip. Anther double, with an appendix, or naked. Capsule
one-celled, three-valved. Seeds many, attached to three pari-
: etal, ‘Teceptacles, Embryo ae and furnished with bot
erisp ped pelts :
.Globba. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA, vir’
1. G. marantina, Willd. spec. plant, 1,153. ~ ws!
Leaves \anceolar. Spike terminal,,sub-sessile, strobiliform,
_bulbiferous. Anther four-horned.
G, marantina, Smith’s Exot, Bot. 2. pe 85. t. 103. Roscoe
in Trans, of Linn. Soe. 8. 356.
Lompujum silvestre minus, Rumph, Amb. 5. 150.¢. 64. f2 2.
A native of the Moluccas, and from thence introduced into
the Botanic garden near Calcutta by bits of the root found ©
amongst the earth in which nutmeg and other plants were
<ategce: from Amboyna. Flowering time, in Bengal, the rainy
Root perennial, Picisting of many, small, oblong, fleshy
tubers, united to the base of the stems. Stems annual, about
twelve or eighteen inches high, somewhat recurved, envelop-
ed in the sheaths of the leaves, the whole as thick as a rat-
tan anda little compressed. Leaves bifarious, sessile on their
half stem-clasping sheaths, broad-lanceolate, acute, smooth
above, somewhat villous and whitish underneath, margins
waved; length from one to six inches, the lower being very
small, and cordate. Sheaths half stem-clasping, smooth,
with semi-lunate, projecting, bearded mouths, rising above
the insertion of the leaves, | Spikes terminal, sessile, solitary,
strobiliform, oblong. Bractes numerous, ovate-cordate, the
lower half, or more, and sometimes even the whole, have each
a single, small, brownish, sessile, pointed, ovate bulb in the
axill ; the superior are smaller and generally embrace a single
flower each. Flowers slender, bright-yellow, and fragrant.
Calyx superior, somewhatgibbous, three-toothed. Corol one-
petalled. Tube long, and very slender. Border double;-ex-
terior three-parted, nearly equal, oblong, concave, and re-
flexed ; inner of two lobes, which are longer by one-third
than. those of the exterior border, pene hia
78 MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Globba,
into a very long, slender, incurved, grooved filament. 4n--_
- ther double, with two horns from each side. Germ beneath,
round, tubercled, one-celled, ovula parietal. Style slender,
as long as the tube of the corol and filament, and lodged ina
groove therein, Stigma funnel-shaped. Pericarp ; I have
not found it come to maturity. ©The little bulbs found in the
axills of the lower bractes of the spike, — or and
~ the pls is - ame ib tess
os G. 5 Dalbaftras Re
Stems bulbiferous. ‘Earsen oblong. Racemes terminal —*
shorter than the leaves, bulbiferous. - ae
- Teling. Conda pooshpoo. th
- A native i eros Circars. —
8. G, orixensis. R. fa es
Leaves oblong. Panicle cevthinsal Anther naked, Capea
verrucose,
Is a native of the moist vallies in the northern — and
. flowers during: the rainy season. :
* Roots biennial.- Stems annual, bending sbliqualy to one
fides as in the case with most plants of the natural order,
about two or *three feet long; lower part involved in a few —
simple sheaths, above with the sheathing petioles of the leaves.
Leaves alternate, bifarious, very short-petioled, oblong, end-
ing in a tapering filiform point, entire, smooth, finely veined ;
from eight to ten inches long, and from two to four broad.
Petioles short. Sheaths opening on the side opposite to the
leaf. Panicles terminal, erect, oblong, thin, rigid. Flowers
sessile, small, deep orange yellow. Bractes solitary, one-flow-
ered, oval, falling. ~Calya one-leaved, mouth three-toothed,
Corol ; tube alittle curved, widening gradually tothe mouth, —
ee tie length of the calyx. Border double; exterior
* : ; upper division largest, sub-erect, concave; the
c ao; and ovate. Interior of ss, smaller, op oppo-
Globba, MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. | 79
bular, and ornamented with a large, orange-coloured, two-
lobed lip, or apron. Anther at the extremity of the filament,
naked, double, or two-lobed. Style embraced at the base
by the two subulate bodies (nectaries of Konig ); above
the tube of the corol, it takes a curved direction like the fila-
ment, but is shorter, so that the curve is less ; its end passes
between ‘the lobes of the anther. Stigma clubbed, half im-
mersed between the lobes of the anther. Capsule sub-globu-
lar, watery, fleshy, one-celled. Seeds many.
lta Go Hlerag RAT,
Leaves ovate-oblong. Racemes terminal, erect ; pedicels
tern, ‘three-flowered. Anther witha membranaceous crest.
Hura siamensium. Kén, in, Retz. Obs. 3. 49.
: an of the peninsula of Malacca,
ae G. pendableR weds
Leaves seillidaals Racemes terminal, ining saisdh :
: Tonge than the leaves, pendulous, Anther bicalearate. _
Found by Mr. William Roxburgh, on the Island of Pulo-
Pies: Flowering time the rainy season, —
' "Root fibrous, Leaves lanceolate, smooth, PRE
Sheaths a little hairy on the outside. Racemes terminal, so-
litary, compound, very long, pendulous, Pedicels remote,
diverging, generally thet toward. Bractes caducous;
those of the pedicels solitary, oblong, ciliate; those of the
flowers oval, ciliate. Calyx campanulate, three-toothed,
‘Corol; tube ascending, long and slender; border double.
Exterior three-parted, of these the upper one is concave; the
other two obliquely obovate, expanding, and flat... Interior
border of two, opposite, beskceatey: expanding: lobes. val
80 | MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Globba,
filiform. Stigma saosin mouth ciliate Lhave not
seen the fruit.
6. G. Careyana. R. ~
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, villous underneath. Racemes ter-
minal, compound, bulbiferous. Corel with the two seg-
ments of the inner border as long as the sips Anther naked,
sub-orbicular,
From Pegue this pretty little plant was cicaliee by Mr.
F. Carey into the Botanic garden near Calcutta, where it
flowers in August.
Root tuberous, about biennial, perishing at one end, and
shooting forth at the other. This may be considered the
general habit of all the species. Stems numerous, oblong, .
as thick as a slender ratan, about eighteen inches high, and
invested in the sheaths of the leaves, Leaves sessile on their
sheaths, alternate, bifarious, from broad-lanceolate to ovate-
oblong, very finely acuminate, villous underneath; about
six inches long, by two broad... Sheaths villous on the out-
_ side, scarcely ending in any ligula, but rising a little on each
side. Racemes terminal, erect, composed of little, alternate
fascicles, of about three flowers each, supported on very
short, common pedicels ; each of the lowermost of them pro-
duces a small, obovate bulb, and two or three more between :
the racemes and the leaves. Jowers.numerous, small, of a
deep orange colour. Bractes concave, acute, one to each
fascicle; and a smaller coloured one to each, flower; all ca-
pay Calyx superior, tubular, three-toothed, coloured.
Corol ; exterior border of three, nearly equal, oval lobes;
Interior of two linear lobes, which are as long as the lip;
soon after expansion they are reflected back over the exte-
rior border, but become involute before the flower drops. Lip
alittle elevated above the five segments of the exterior bor-
‘dh So at both ends. Filament long, incurved, ke, asin
Globba. | MONANDRIA MONOGYNIAL 81
beyond its periphery, but without any other kind of append- -
age, as in most of the other species. Germ round, rugose,
one-celled, containing many ovula, attached to three parietal
receptacles, Style length of the corol and filament, filiform,
taking a more direct course to the anther than the groove
of the filament. Stigma funnel-shaped, ciliate. Capsule
globular, size of a large marrow-fat pea, warted, one-celled,
_ three-valved. ‘Seeds several, attached to the middle of the
valves of the capsule, round-ovate, resting on a large spongy
pedicel. Jnieguments two; exterior firm, light brown, a
little villous; interior membranaceous. Perisperm conform
to the seed, hard, and friable, even while fresh. Vitedlus in
small ‘quantity, clear, lining the inside of the upper part of
the cavity of the perisperm so as to embrace the upper half
of the clavate embryo,
7. G, subulata. R.
Panicles radical. Filament with a subulate be Se on each
side near the base; anthers semilunar, winged.
Found wild in the: forests of Chittagong By Me Ww.
Roxburgh, and by him introduced into the Botanic garden
near Calcutta, in 1801; where it blossoms in April, May,
and June, during which period the new foliage.also appears
above the eround. There is a constant succession of flowers
from the extremities of the lengthening branches of the pani-
cle, for nearly two months, which renders this lovely plant
one of the most charming of the whole natural order that I
have yet met with. The specific name is taken ~— the
shape of the wings of the filament,
Root perennial, composed of numerous, aiveriihig? fey
fibres, some fusiform, some columnar, Stems annual, bend-
ing a Tittle to one vides from one to two feet igh. Leave
six to ia ne in noon ono, and mn¢ = eee
“‘Bheaths' seaooth} taliel 12 yu or — ait run
‘Vou, 1. F :
$2 MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA, . Globba.
ed. Scapes radical, from three to four inches long, often
several arise from the same cluster of roots, erect, enveloped
in three or four, alternate, smooth, short sheaths. Panicle
erect, about a foot high, including the scape, and expand-
ing nearly as much, the whole a very lively bluish purple.
- Ranifications alternate, long, simple, diverging, bearing in
succession numerous, alternate, sessile, small, lovely purple
and yellow flowers. Bractes solitary, light purple, smooth ;
those of the ramifications oblong ; those of the flowers cor-
date. Flowers solitary, sessile in the axills of their proper
bractes. Calyx superior, clavate, smooth, light purple;
- mouth three-toothed, permanent, with the lower half of the
tube of the corol. Corol; tube long and very slender ; the
lower half, which is inclosed in the tube of the calyx, pro-
jecting : horizontally ; the upper half erect; at the angle,
which those portions of the tube make with each other, and
which is nearly a right one, the flower drops, leaving the
lower half to wither. Border single and three-parted ; up-
per division erect, pressing on the back of the base of
the filament, oblong, boat-shaped; lower two divisions
obliquely cordate, and reflexed, all the three are of a light
purple colour. Lip cuneate, deeply two-parted, much
larger than the divisions of the exterior border, deep orange |
yellow, forming a pretty contrast with the lively purple of
every other part of the panicle, Filament very long, very
slender, on the first day much incurved, afterwards revolute,
finely grooved on the underside for the reception of the style ;
_ near the base are two, very long, slender, flat, subulate, diverg~
ing, recurved wings. In my other six species with terminal
inflorescence, these are entirely wanting, but the mner two-
lobed border is present, Anther double, and enlarged at
the sides with two, broad, reniform wings. Germ beneath,
- oval, with nine longitudinal ridges, a transverse section ex-
hibits one cell only, with numerous seeds, attixed to three ©
Globba, MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 68
six-ridged, one-celled, three-valved, opening spontaneously
from the apex. Receptacle a longitudinal ridge on the in-
side of each valve, Seeds many, minute, oblong, villous, |
connected. by a large, white, spongy membrane to the parie-
tal receptacles,
8. G. Spathulata, R96 chong
Panicles radical. . Filaments, sith a apitenliits wing on
each side near the base; anthers semilunar, winged,
This second, hesptiful species, with large azure coloured,
radical inflorescence, is a native of the vallies on the north
and_eastern boundaries of the province of Silhet, and from
thence was introduced by Mr. M. R. Smith into the Botanic
garden near Calcutta, where it flowers in April, at which
time the foliage begins to appear. At the beginning of the
cold season it perishes down to the root.
Panieles radical, erect, oblong, from eight to odes ina
high, composed of many, BEES simple, lengthening
branches, every part, bracte included, of a pretty, light azure
colour. Bractes. oval, and.oblong, concave, a larger ‘one
under each branch of the panicle, and one to each flower.
Flowers numerous, produced i in a continued succession for
several weeks on the same. panicle, Perianth superior,
widening to its three-toothed mouth), Corol; tube long,
slender, curved, and villous, Border three-lobed'; lobes
‘nearly equal and equally arranged, shape oblong, and con-
_cave, .Lipas in G. subulata, but less divided ; yellow, asin
that species. Filament. long, slender, recurved, &c. as in
the genus; near the base, instead of an inner border to the —
_corol, there. is a spatulate, diverging wing on each side.
‘From its. anne the specific; n name is thee, and readily dis-
| ge tes: ss ee + tt ji a is ;
- tached to three ve receptacles,
84 MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Sadicornia.
ASALICORNLIA. Schreb. gen. N. 14... Be
Calyx gibbous like an aril lining the inside of the cavities
of the fructification in the joints, Corol none, Seed one.
1. S. brachiata. R.
Perennial, erect; branches nica amaeibe Joints
clubbed. _ Spikes cylindric.
Teling. Quoiloo. | HEB REO
This seems an weidivierthod plant ; nor can I wien what
Dr. Kénig thought it was. It is a small, generally erect, _
‘perennial species, growing plentifully on such low, wet, salt
‘ground as is overflowed. by the spring tides. Flowers all
the year round, It should be compared with S, herbacea,
" «| Stems generally erect, woody, about as thick asa goose-
quill, though sometimes at the base as thick as the little
finger; from twelve to eighteen inches high. Branches
decussate, ascending, very numerous, divided, and subdivid-
edin the same manner; their extremities are the succulent,
cylindric jointed eh Joints of the spikes, or -leaves,
thick, succulent, annular, cap-like, portions, that closely
surround the extremities of the filiform, woody branchlets,
like beads strung on a thread ; above they are concave, with
‘two opposite elevations, the aiicne convex end of the next
leaf above enters this concavity; these elevations, like the :
branches, are decussated with those of the next above and
below, with aring. Flowers conspicuous, three-fold, (three
‘on each side of each joint,), opposite. Calyx, ‘a flask-like
fleshy substance, with a longitudinal slit for the stamen, and
‘style; they adhere firmly 6. one ‘another, and to the sub-
“stance of the leaf, till the seed is ripe. Corol none, Stamens
constantly one. Anther sagittate. Stigma two-cleft. Cap- fe
sulle, no jother than the valyx now -_ which ve ene. _ a
Salicornia. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 85
2. S. indica, Vahl. enum. pl. 1. 10. poe.
Perennial, diffuse; joints gibbous. Spikes cylindric ;
flowers hid. '
Beng. Jodoo Palung.
Teling. Quoia-pipaly.
This is also very common, and grows with the former on
similar ground, :
Stems and large branches woody, diffuse over an extent of
some feet ; the latter sometimes alternate, sometimes opposite,
those that are young, and covered with theleaves are ascend-
ing, or nearly erect. Joints, or leaves longer than in the.
former species, but in other respects the same. Floral joints
or leaves, very short. Spikes terminal, cylindric, erect, ob-
tuse, Flowers inconspicuous, opposite, three-fold, hid by the
upper margin of the next floral leaf below. Calyx asin the —
former. Stamen; in this species I have never been able to
discover even the rudiments of one. Pistil, &c. as in ma
former.
- Obs, Cattle will not eat these plants, although their taste is
simply saltish. These two species are very plentifu' ‘on the
coast of Coromandel, where large quantities of the fossil al-
kali might no doubt be made at a low rate. Such manufac-.
tures deserve much encouragement; particularly here, where
there are many more labouring people* than can possibly.
find employment. Large quantities of this substance are
annually imported into England from the Mediterranean, for.
making soap, glass, &c. It is worth about twenty-eight or
thirty. shillings per cwt. and as labour is cheap on this coast,
the alkali might be made, I think, at so low a rate as to ad-
mit of its being sent to England, and paying a freight ' of
£10 the ton, or more ; porsiett it could; beter orted
ibenring — were carried off by that deplorable calamity.
: : F - é :
CLASS II. a
DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
aay: YCTANTHES. Schreb. gen. N. 2Y.
Calyx campanulate, Corol salver-shaped. Capsule supe-
tior, ‘obcordate, compressed, two-celled, two-valved. Seeds
solitary. Embryo erect, without perisperm.
1. N. arbor tristis. Linn. spec. plant, ed. Willd. 1 35.
Parlium arbor tristis. Gert. Sem, 1, 234. t. 51.
Scabrita scabra. Vahl. Symb, 2.28, Gert. Sem, 2. 265.
t, 128.
Scabrita triflora, Linn. Mant. 1. p. 37.
Manja pumeram. Rheed, Mal. 1. p. 35. t.21.
Sephalica. 4s. Res. 4. 244. ,
Sans. Hind. and Beng. Singahar, Sewly, Nibari, Har-
singhar, ke. '
‘Of what country this is a native I know not, for I have
_never found it but in a cultivated state ; and it is always rais-
ed from seed, which may be the reason we have no varieties
of this most delightfully fragrant plant. In our gard
is found in the state of a large shrub, or small tree. Flowers
on the Coast nearly the year round ; in Bengal only during
the rains, The seeds ripen in the edi season.
Trunk erect, Bark scabrous. Branches numerous, spread-
ing in every direction ; the young shoots alone are four-sided ;
four ligneous, cord-like nerves, under the bark, forming the
angles. Leaves opposite, short-petioled, cordate, those near —
the flowers oblong, pointed, sometimes entire, sometimes very :
oss ly serrate, and sometimes the lower parts are a ars
scabrous; from three to Sve aches fone and from one 10
Jasminum. DIANDRIA MONOGYNTA, 87
three broad. Inflorescence a large, terminal, leafy, cross-
armed panicle,-composed of small, five-flowered, terminal
umbellets. Flowers numerous, middle-sized, exquisitely
fragrant, open at sun-set, and fall off at sun-rise ; the tube
orange-coloured, and the border white. Involucre to the
umbellets four-leaved, leaflets inverse-cordate, opposite, ses-
ile. Calyx campanulate ; mouth a little contracted, and
lightly five-notched, downy, withering. Corol ; tube cylin-
dric, length of the calyx. Border spreading, from five to
eight, but generally six or seven parted, contorted ; segments
triangular; or obliquely lobed, exterior margin scolloped,
Filaments scarcely any. Anthers two-lobed, sitting within
the tube. Germ above, compressed, Style length of the
tube. Stigma headed, glandular. - Capsule size of a man’s
thumb nail, obcordate, or nearly orbicular, compressed, two-
celled, two-valved, opening transversely from the apex. Seeds
one in each cell, compressed, &c. as described and figured _
by Geertner; I have not, however, been able to ests any
thing like a perisperm. .
Obs. The flowers of this tree are ‘mesic iri,
partaking of the smell of fresh honey, and on that account
the plant is mach esteemed ; for when destitute of flowers it
has but an indifferent appearance. The orange tubes of the
flowers dye a most beautiful buff or orange colour, with the
various shades between them, according to the preparation, —
and mode of conducting the operation; but unfortunately,
no way has yet been discovered of rendering this elegant
colour durable.
- JASMINUM. Schreb. pea NRE OTE
“Corel salver-shaped. ‘Germ ewo-oblleds be senenoe * Ber
88 - DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Jasminum.
ries one or two, superior. Seed solitary. Embryo eit
without perisperm. 5
l. J. Zambac, Willd, 1. 35.
Shrubby, twining. Leaves opposite, sub-sessile, from
cordate to oblong, acute, or obtuse, Segments of calyx
subulate.. Berries globular.
Magorium Sambac. Lamarck, Eneyel. i iy. 210,
Of this we have three varieties, viz. li
Ast, Single. init Arabian Jasmine, wiih, I spoppese
to be, be im:
_ Jasminum undalatum, Willd. 1. 36.
Tsjiregam-Mulla. Rheed. Mal. 6, p. 97. t. 55.
Mallica, and Asphota, 4s. Res. 4. p. 245, are I suspect
both this variety. The first is found in gardens, though a
small flower, and the second wild in hedges, &c.
Beng. Bun-mulika; or Deshi-mullika,
2d. Double-flowered Arabian Jasmine,
Nalla-mulla, Rheed. Mal. 6. p. 87. 4.50.
Jasminum Limonii folio conjugato, Burm, zeyl, 128. t. 58.
SoBe
Flos Manore. Rumph, Amb. 5, p. 52. t. 30.
_ Sans, Suptala, Nuva-mullika, See As. Res. 1, ¢,
Beng. Bela, or mulika,
3d. Great double Arabian or Tuscan Jasmine,
» Beng. Mootta-bela; Bura-bela, or Patna mallika,
» Kudda-mulla. Rheed, Mal.6,p.89.t,51. 00
Flos Manore plenus. Rumph.ibid.
Septala. As. Res. l. ec. t
All the varieties flower during the rains chiefly. es
The single variety of this plant, (which is the one deserib-
ed,) is one of the most common in every forest on the Coast.
Dida. eat the berries, and drop the seeds, which vegetate.
An this, way, I account for its ieneine so nennenies Flonge
Jasminum, DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, at 8
old plants, Leaves opposite, short-petioled, cordate-ovate, or
oblong-waved, sometimes scollopped, pointed; smooth, except
when young; in the axills of the veins on the back of the
leaves there are tufts of down, as in some species of Gardenia,
Flowers terminal, generally forming small, trichotomous
_umbellets, white, fragrant. Calyx bordered with from five
to nine, long, subulate, permanent segments. Stigma club-
bed. Germ two-lobed, one ovulum in each, attached to the
lower part of the partition. Berries twin; each round,
smooth, juicy, one-seeded, when ripe of a beautiful shining
black. Seed conform to the berry ; integument single. Peris-
perm none. Embryo erect, Cotyledons conform to the seed.
Radicle small, inferior.
_» Obs, From this species we have the common double; and
rose, or great-flowered, and full Moogaries, ( Arabian, or
Tuscan Jasmines ; ) these are always raised from layers, and
have been improved by culture into their present state as
above noted,
The plant that bears the common » deme eoitalil retains
its twining habits, but it is lost in the great rose, or full-flower-
ed sort; here the branches are: = or spreading, but never
twining. ae
I am inclined: to: think the Nyctanthes undulata, sp, pl.
2. p. 8. is only a variety of this species, arising from soil, cul-
ture, &c. for with the utmost attention, I could never discover
any thing like a fixed specific character to distinguish it
from Zambac, as the number of petals or divisions of the co-
rol are inconstant, and at most mark only the variety. :
2. J. seandens, Willd. 1. 37.
' Shrubby, twining, and scandent, smooth. een
site, simple, cordate-oblong, entire, taper-pointed, — Corymbs
terminal, Sobulas; serene i, aa eal six or
: very wei, nerly rags length of the divaie eae: _—_
. ney of ee
90 DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Jasminum,
- Nyctanthe scandens: Retz. Obs. fase. 5. p. 9. i
A native’of the southern parts of Bengal. The plants in
the Botanic garden near Calcutta were reared from seed'sent
from Chittagong ; which after they were two years old
began to blossom"in January and February, and continue
so to'do, but have not produced good seed.
Trunk none, but» many,- long, ligneous, at first scandent, — ee
but finally: twining, round, smooth branches of considerable
extent. Leaves simple, opposite, short-petioled, cordate-ob-
long, tapering from near the somewhat re-entering base, fine-
pointed, entire, smooth, and rather lucid on both sides: from
one to six inches long, and from half an inch to two inches
broad. Petioles flattened, channelled. Corymbs terminal, :
sub-globular, dense, that which terminates the larger branches
more’ compound, . Peduncles short, with the pedicels. still —
shorter, all are villous. F/owers numerous, pure white, de-
lightfully: fragrant. Calya: villous, border of six, or seven,
bristle-shaped, spreading, villous segments. Tube of the co-
rol widening to the mouth, and. more than twice the length of
the segments of the calyx. Border of from six to eight, lan-
ceolate, acute segments, which are rather«shorter than the
tube. Germ turbinate, two-celled, with one seed in each, at-
tached to the thickened middle of the partition.
3. J. elongatum. Linn; sp. pl. ed: Willd..1. 37, sel
Scandent. « Leaves: opposite; and alternate, lanceolate,
villous on both sides. - -Corymbs terminal. Corol eight or
twelve-cleft ; segments linear. Stigma bifid.
Nyctanthes elongata. Linn, suppl. 82.
A native of the forests about Hidgelee, near the mouth of ;
the Hooghly in Bengal... ee time so = of =
hot season. z
Stem woody, straggling toa eonaitideatite putoit, or. clini
ing. Bark of the woody parts light ash colour; of the —
young shoots very villous. \ Leaves opposite, and alsexiaien! ‘
short-petialed, from lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate ; j venyiooft :
Jasminunr. DIANDRIA MONOGYNIAY > 91
with fine down in both sides; length from one to five inches.
Flowers terminal, from simply tern to a large compound
corymb, pretty large, pure white, fragrant, Pedicels clavate,
villous. Bractes short, subulate, villous. Calyx. villous,
five or six-cleft ; divisions short, and subulate. Corol ; tube
swelling towards the mouth, much more than the calyx.
Border of from six to twelve, linear, spreading divisions with
margins revolute. Filaments short. Anthers lodged just
within the mouth of the tube of the corol. Germ turbinate.
Style so long as to elevate the two-lobed stigma so as to make
it level ii the anthers.
Obs. The species differs from my arborescens in being
scandent, and in the shape of the leaves, as well as in the
pubescence ; here they are lanceolate, and very villous ; there,
cordate and smooth,
4. J. pubescens. Linn. sp. pl. ed, Willd. 1.37. iy
Leaves cordate, downy. Umbels scone bie may
flowered, hes
Katu-Tsjiregam-Mulla. Rheed. Mal. fis, 95. 1, ee
Nyctanthes multiflora. Burm. Flor. Ind. p.5.t.3. J
- Nyctanthes pubescens. Retz, Obs. 5. 9.
Sans, Maghyum, Koondum, See Asiat. Res. A, 244,
' Beng. Koonda.
_ A very ramous shrub, brought originally from. China. into
the Company’s Botanic garden. It is also indigenous in
Bengal. Is in flower during the rains chiefly.
Stem scarcely any ; branches numerous, covered with ash-
coloured bark; the young parts very downy. . Leaves Oppo:
lin the spinal ones phos Pieces a: siti
the umbels, Umbels tetminal, seosiiey tending to be tricho-
six.to sagen divisions lanceolate, Stamens within th "
reir six-cleft ; md of 89 from, a
92 DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA,, Jasminum,
tube. Anthers beaked. Germ two-lobed, two-celled, with
one ovulum i in each, attached ¢o the ——— = of the —
tion. 325s
» Stigma entire, clubbed. di
Obs. This is.a goodly looking plant, its oniaoonsflatged
pure white, fragrant flowers, opening in succession make it
very desirable.
~~
5. J. laurifolium, R.
Scandent, polished. Leaves opposite, aid daiiaad
lucid, three-nerved. Flowers axillary, and terminal; from
one to five, long-peduncled. Calyeine segments six or seven,
filiform ; these of the corol from nine to =. ane length
of the tube.
A very elegant, climbing es tinal highly Epllalias; 3
shrubby species; a native of the mountainous countries east
of Bengal, where it flowers.during the cool season.
~ Leaves opposite ; sub-sessile, lanceolate, firm and glossy ; ;
margins entire, somewhat thick, faintly three-nerved, from’
two to four inches long, and from one to two broad. Pedun-
cles terminal: and axillary, sometimes. single, sometimes se-
veral together, and sometimes, when terminal, sub-racemed 5 ;
long and slender. Bractes opposite, subulate. Calyatxe m
five to seven-cleft; segments long, slender, subulate, an
smooth, Corol ; tube twice the length of the calyx, st
vate; border of from nine to twelve, ensiform, spreat :
ments, which are as” long as the tube. - Senin rit Ch. ae
tube, Germ two-celled, with one ovulum in each, attachedto
the middle of the partition. Style seis omar bag scarce-’ oe
- camp. immer mice ee ig
6. J. coarctatum. R. prot: beehdees cde.
Shrubby. Leaves oblong, ei acute, sabia ter
minal, peduncled, crowded with ternate, sub-sessile toi aS
and amply bracted. Calyz five-cleft, i Bs
- very ramous Shrub, without any —— segmnablo-ots oe
‘
Jasminum. — DIANDRIA MONOGYNTA, 93
climb. It is the first simple-leaved Indian Jasmine I have
found which has not that habit. Is a native of the hills near
Chittagong, where it flowers in April and May; may be
readily known, without any other mark, by the great number
of flo#ers which form the little dense corymbs:
7. J. trinerve, Vahl. Symb. 3. p. 2.
Scandent, polished. » Leaves ovate-lanceolate, long-acu-
‘minate, three-nerved, polished. Flowers axillary and ter-.
minal, solitary. _Calyeine segments six or seven, subulate ;
those of - corol six or a es and longer dent
the long tube.
_ Avnative of f the forests near Sitht; where it blossoms i in
March and April, and the berries ripen in June. :
» Stem and» branches together, some fathoms in extent,
running up, and over large shrubs and trees. Bark of the
old woody parts ash-coloured and rather rough ; tender shoots
polished, deep green, Leaves opposite, petioled, ovate-lan-
ceolate, long, fine-pointed, firm and glossy, three-nerved,
three or four inches long; and one or one and a half broad.
-Petioles short, with a remiarkable joint near the middle,
_ Flowers’ terminal and: axillary, solitary, sub-sessile, very
large, white ond sweetly fragrant. Calyx with a short,
‘smooth tube, border of about six subulate segments which
are nearly half the length of the tube of the corol. Cordl;
tube long, widening above the middle for the stamina ; border
of six to eight slender, spreading segments, which are an
inch and a half in length. Filament short, Anthers linear, —
lodged about the middle of the tube of the corol. Germ
‘oval, two-lobed, two-celled, with one ovulum in each, attach-
ed to othe — bso a of the tube of - 6 corel.
dariic the mys season n of : ae
: : Sete yee he ly Corse
A _- DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Jasminum.
- &. J. bracteatum. R. | fet
Twining. Leaves. opposite, ovaeadinn era ili
Flowers in terminal bracted fascicles of three, five, or eleven
flowers. Calycine segments. from five to seven, subulate;
those of the corol from five to eight, oblong, with réunded
acuminate apices. Style longer than the tube. Stigma en-
tire. :
A native of the island of Sumatra: From Bencoolen: Dr. C.
Campbell sent plants to the Botanic garden, under the name
Coast Jasmine. In Bengal they blossom during the cool, and
the beginning of the hot season; the seed ripens in April.
Stem scarcely any ; branches numerous, ligneous, climbing
and twining, extending up and over trees of considerable
size; tender parts rourdi, and clothed with much, very soft,
short, pale green down. Leaves simple, opposite, short-petiol-
ed, ovate-oblong, acute, entire, downy, two or three inches
Jong, and one or two broad, Flowers numerous, pretty large,
white, fragrant, in terminal fascicles of generally three, or five,
sub-sessile ones, or growing on short, axillary branchlets; em-
braced by one, or two pair of large: bractes, and by a greater
number, when the fascicle termmates a primary branchlet;
the addition in this, as in most of the other Indian species,
proceed in opposite pairs of three-flowered peduncles. Brae-
tes opposite, always two, generally unequal pairs, of an ovate-
cordate shape, under. each fascicle, and some small subulate
oes within them, all villous, like every other. tender. part of 3
the plant. Calyx downy. Tube short. Segments five, six, or —
seven, subulate. Corol smooth, Tube twice the length of the e
calyx, sub-eylindric. Border’ of from five to eight, oblong
segments, rounded at the apex, with a small point in the mid-—
dle. Germ two-celled, one ovulum in each. Style longer than
the tube of the corol, Stigma entire, linear, with a groove on.
each side. Berries one or two, united from the middle down-
wards, size of a large pea, oval, smooth, succulent, and of a a
~ sha sini ; black colour when ripe, one-celled. Seed single,. -
oval. Integuments two ; exterior composed of: moaligabren;
Jasminum, - DIANDRIA;MONOGYNIA, ~ 95
immer thinner and. more tender, both dark, brownish black.
Perisperm none, Embryo erect. Cotyledons conform to the
seed, green, Plumyla two-lobed. Radicle patelliform, in-
ferior. , i
9. J. Kiskenssataest = Si ?
Shrubby, twining. Leaves opposite, petioled, condatas
Corymbs terminal; calycine segments from five to seven, su-
bulate ; those of ia corol from ten to twelve, linear, and cus-
pidate. Berries kidney-shaped.
. Teling. Adivi-mulli.
To the. best of my knowledge, this species is a native of
the mountainous parts of the Circars only. It is much larger
than the other species, though like them it has a woody, twin-
- Ing, or climbing stem, but its branches are in general straight
and spread. Branchlets opposite, smooth, . Leaves opposite,
_petioled, varying from oblong to broad-cordate, pointed,
entire, smooth; size various. Corymbs terminal, divided by
threes, diffuse, Flowers large, white, fragrant. Calyx with
a short tube, and seldom more than five-cleft border. —Corol
tubular ; border from eight to twelve-cleft ; segments slender,
and patent. Berries one or two; when single oblong ; when
i pita
10. J. arborescens. R.
Arborescent. Leaves opposite, and three-fold, hlace.
downy. Flowers terminal, numerous, corymbiform, border.
from ten to twelve-cleft. Stigma two-lobed.
Sans. Suptula, Nuva-mullika.
_ Beng. Bura-Koonda, Nuva-mullika. e
_ .Nyctanthes grandi iflora, Loureir. Cochin Ch, 26. eee
A native of the more elevated parts of i i where it
5 eae pint ad tai Dark ; young shoots —
enon, and somewhat villous, aan of the whole tree . ame roe
96 DIANDRIA MONOGYNTA. Jasminum.
or twelve feet. “Leaves opposite, rarely three-fold, or alter-
nate, short-petioled, dvaredordutel ‘acuminate ; margins en-
tire, and often waved, smooth on both sides; toni two to four
inches long, and from one to three broad. Petioles chan-
nelled, jointed near the middle. /owers on terminal, tri-
chotomous, three-flowered peduncles, often forming large, —
corymbiform panicles; they are large, white, and very fra-
grant. Bractes subulate, villous. Calyx crowned with five
or six subulate, meurved, villous divisions. Corol; tube
longer than the calyx. Border of ten or twelve, somewhat _
acute, linear divisions. Anthers ovate, within the tube.
Germ turbinate, two-lobed, two-celled, with one ovulum in
each, attached to the upper part of the partition. Stigma
two-lobed, about half way up the tube of the corol. ,
Obs. This species is nearly allied to my J. latifolium, and
indeed the only specific difference I have yet been able to ob-
serve, is, that this species has no einstein to twine or = 4
that is twining.
TJ. angustifolium. Vahl. en. pl. 1. 29. Linn, sp. wie ed.
Willd. 1.36.
Shrubby, twining; polished. Leaves opposite, vest
ovate, smooth, of a shming dee oreen. Flowers hesanenior
ovate, i ag
Nyctanthes triflora, Burm. =. 4. t 2:
J: vimineam. Willd. toe. eit.
Mu ot, Mal 8: p98. 1.59,
e's is much like Burman’s figure quoted above, but docs _
‘not accord with his character of alternate leaves ; it is very
common, and at the same time one of the most beautiful spe-
cies of Jasmine T know. It abounds in every forest on the
coast of Coromandel. Blossoms during the hot season ; but
best a State of cultivation o— are “ati the greatest =
2 ereree twining, smooth.
Jasminum. DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, | 97
on every part of the shrub, short-petioled, ovate-oblong, or
oblong, sometimes nearly cordate, finely-pointed, smooth,
shining, firm, very deep green, veinless, Flowers terminal,
generally three-fold, peduncled, large, white, with a faint
tinge of red, star-shaped, having a peculiar but very pleasant
fragrance. Peduncles clubbed, smooth. Calyx ; tube short ;
segments acute, Corol ; border generally eight or nine-parted ;
divisions lanceolate. sees eye Stigma lanceolate. Berries
oblong.
Obs. I have for many years cultivated this species. It
grows easily in every soil and situation, is constantly covered
with leaves, and their bright, shining deep green colour, ren-
ders it always beautiful, and particularly well adapted for
screening windows, covering arbours, &c,
12. J. tubiflorum. R.
Scandent. Leaves sub-sessile, ovate-oblong, smooth, —
Flowers terminal, from three to five, short-peduncled, Caly-
cine segments from seven to eight, subulate, one-sixth the
length of the aa long slender tube of the corol. Berries
ovate,
A native of the Malay Redaipalags: differs from all the ©
other Indian species hitherto examined by me in the great
length of itsslender tube, which is three times longer than the
seven or eight, oe peortee segments of its border. 4
13. J. simplicifolium. Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd. 1. 38.
_ . Shrubby, spreading. Leaves oblong, polished. Flowers
from three to many terminal. Border of the corol of from
six to eight, linear, acute segments, equalling the tube in
length. .
Native place, the Friendly Islands, and the Eastern. a
oa &e. Pio ine ia to Desai eter the hot
"smooth ; a COB spreading in all aidisinen: Leaves sitn-” i =
VOL, I. G eee
98 DIANDRIA, MONOGYNIS, Jasminum,
ple, opposite, short-petioled, oblong, entire; highly polished
on both sides; about two inches long, and about one broad.
_ Flowers terminal, from three to a decussate panicle, with its
Nate
ramification trifid, Pedicels clavate, round, smooth. Bractes
minute, subulate. Calyx campanulate, with a five-toothed
border. Corol; tube, many times longer than the calyx.
Border from six to eight-parted; divisions linear, acute,
about as long as the tube. Anthers halferect. Style shorter
by half than the tube of the corol, Stigma two-cleft.
iu. J auriculatum, jp sp. pl. ed. Willd, 1. 38.
‘Shrubby, twining. Leaves sub-ternate, leaflets ovate, the
pair minute or wanting. Border of the calyx with five, ob-
scure, glandular teeth. Corol seven-cleft. Berries globular.
Sans. Magudhee, Gunika, Yoot’heka, ‘Umbustha, See
Asiat. Res, iv. 246,
Beng. Jut’hi, or Jui.
This species is a native of various parts of India, but not
common, Its habit is twining, with a woody stem, and
branches. — : =
Leaves opposite, ternate. Leaflets, the pair very small,
standing opposite, sometimes wanting; the terminal one at
least ten or fifteen times larger ; all ovate, entire, with a mi-
nute point, smooth, except when young, when they are dow-
ny. Corymbs terminal, always three-forked, dense. _ _ Flowers
small, white, sweet-smelling, though less fragrant than those
of the former species. Calyx five-notched, with a round
firm glandular process on the outside of each, Corol ; bor-
der. from five to eight-cleft, divisions oblique, obtuse, Stig-
ma clavate. Berry exactly as in Sambac,
415. J. Pl R,
Shrubby, erect, Leaves ternate ; sleaflets lanceolar, Cory
A native of the jungles or copses of Silhet, where it blos-
° ee
art gh cu 5 ae
Jasminum. DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 99
16. J, paniculatum. R. !
Shrubby, erect, every part polished, Leaves temiate
leaflets oval, obtusely acuminate, Panicles terminal.
Sam-yeip-son-hing of the Chinese. = *
From Canton in China this fine erect, shrubby, highly po-
lished species was received into the Botanic garden, where
it blossoms during the rains, The leaflets are from oval to
oblong, with an obtuse point, polished, of a hard texture,
The flowers are small and white, but numerous, on terminal
pretty large open, brachiate panicies,
17. J. chrysanthemum, R.
Shrubby, erect. Leaves alternate, pinnate ; leaflets three,
five, or seven, lanceolate. Corymbs sub-terminal. a
segments attenuate. =! ;
Hemapushpica, or yellow yuthica, Asiat. Res, iv. 246.
Sans, Hema-psoohpika,
A native of the mountainous countries north of Hindoostan.
Colonel Hardwicke found it on his journey to Sirinagur,
(see Asiat, Res, vi, 349. Jasminum, No, 3.) and Dr. Buchanan
in Nepal. In the ‘Botanic garden it grows freely from
cuttings, and becomes a stout, erect ramous shrub, even a
small tree, without the smallest tendency to lean, or twine,
Flowers more or less the whole year; but, like the other
species, the proper season is April and May, at which time it
is the most desirable Jasmine I have yet seen,
Stem stout and woody, in plants seven or eight years old
as thick as a man’s leg. Bark smooth, ash-coloured. Young .
shoots erect, flexuose, angular, smooth ; height of the shrub
from eight to twelve feet. Leaves sdbershaib} unequally pin-
nate; at the base of the young shoots ternate or even some-
times- solitary. Leaflets two, or more generally three pair,
and a terminal one ; opposite, lanceolate, smooth, dark green,
be ‘not glomy; from one and a half to. three inches long. y
ymbs generally terminal, from ten to twenty-flowered, as
in ong figure of Jasminum odoratissimum, in Curtis's Bot,
G2 a
100 — DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Phillyrea,.
Mag. No. 285. Flowers large, bright yellow, delightfully
fragrant. Bractes ensiform. .Calycine segments five, alter-
nate, nearly as the tube of the calyx. Segments of the corol
five, oval, obtuse, length of the tube. Filament short.
Anihers linear, with their apices rather above the mouth of
the tube of the corol. Germ two-celled, with two ovula in
each, attached to the middle of the partition. Style half the
length of the tube. Stigma clavate. a
_ 18. J. grandiflorum, Linn, sp. pl. ed, Willd. 1. 41,
* Shrubby, scandent (in India), Leaves opposite, pinnate ;
exterior three or five leaflets confluent. Peduncles terminal.
_Catalonian, or Spanish Jasmine.
Pitsjigam mullo. Rheed, Mal,6.t.52.
Sans, Soomuna, Malatee, Jati.
Beng. Jatee. __ ee
This plant I have only found in gardens, where it flowers
the greater part of the year.
“19. J. heterophyllum. R.
Shrubby. Leaves alternate, petioled, simple, sometimes.
ternate, ovate-lanceolate, waved, lucid, finely acuminate.
A stout shrabby species, a native of Nepal. In the —
Botanic garden its branches are weak and variously bent
the bark roughened with little elevated gray spots, While 2
the plants are young the leaves are for the most aie ernate,
afterwards they are simple, — sie.
PHILLYREA. ‘Bokeh gen. ciate’. 24. :
Calyz four-toothed. Corol one-petalled, four-cleft. Germ-
two-celled, two-seeded.. .Drupe or berry superior, one or two-
seeded. Embryo sain and furnished with a perisperm.
AP. , paniculata, R.
eater epponttes eam shlong. entire, oot, |
y Medtivant te yreopteds
Phillyrea. DIANDRIA MONOGYNTA, 101
A native of China and from thence introduced into the Bo-
tanic garden near Calcutta, before 1793. Now, 1802, they
have grown to be beautiful small trees, of from fifteen to
twenty feet in height, clothed almost to the ground, with nu-
merous, opposite, spreading, and drooping branches, covered
with smooth, ash-coloured bark.
~ Leaves opposite, petioled, drooping, ovate-oblong, sides
incurved, entire, leathery, smooth on both sides, above a shin-
ing deep green, underneath glaucous, with two or more ob-
scure glands near their base : from four to five inches long,
and from two to three bread. Petioles short, recurved, chan-
nelled, Stipulesnone. Panicles terminal from the exterior
axills, ramifications thereof opposite, and smooth, Flowers
very numerous, rather small, pure white, somewhat fragrant.
Bractes minute, caducous,. Calyx obscurely four-toothed.
Corol one-petalled; tube short; segments linear, revolute,
smooth. Filaments opposite, inserted into the bottom of
the tube of the corol, and about as long as the seg-
ments of its border. Anthers incumbent, Germ above, but
lodged deep in the bottom of the calyx, two-celled, with two
ovula in each. Style short, Stigma clavate, entire. Drupe
size of a —_ French bean, obliquely obovate, smooth, ge-
nerally o1 Nut solitary, with the rudiment of a‘se-
cond, but I never saw more than one come to maturity;
pointed at the base, furrowed on the outside, covered with a
thick, somewhat indurated envelope, though scarcely hard
enough to be called a nut.- Embryo inverse, lodged ina —
pearl-coloured amygdaline perisperm.
Obs. Ligustrum japonicum. ‘Thunb, Flor. Japan. p. 17.
J. 1. is a tolerably good representatien of this tree ; but the
one-seeded nut, short style, and clavate stigma of pat —
will not allow me to think-they ‘ean: be:the same: ta
sds s-oblong, entire, acuminate. — Ponioles tere
nal, tales i speed 2" giant sdommpaaee ee
102 DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. —Millingtonia.
_ Bhooeemoora, the vernacular name in Silhet, where it
grows to be a very large tree, and furnishes the natives, &c.
with very hard durable wood. Flowering time June and
July ; the seed ripens in January and February.
Young shoots void of pubescence, but dotted with small
whitish specks. Leaves opposite, short-petioled, ovate-lan-
ceolate, acuminate, entire, smooth; three or four inches
long, and one or one and a half broad. Panicles terminal,
large, very ramous; ramifications four, round, and villous.
Flowers oblong, acute, villous, Calyx bowl-shaped, four-
toothed. Corol campanulate. Tube very short; border —
four-parted, Filaments short, inserted on the little tube of
the corol opposite to each other. Anthers oblong. Germ
superior, depressed, two-celled, with two ovula in each, at-
tached to the top of the partition. Style and stigma clavate,
apex flat and emarginate. Berries (for they can scarce be
called drupes) sub-cylindric, smooth, succulent, dark olive-
purple,*size of a large berry, rarely more than one-celled,
Seed solitary, conform to the berry. Integuments two ; exte-
rior fibrous, and striated ; interior rather thick, brown, a
ing to the perisperm. Recinert conform to the seed, oily.
Embryo straight, nearly as long as the perisperm, inverse,
Cotyledons lanceolate, _ Reels pit superior. 3
MILLINGTONUA. eo es.
tee three-leaved, calycled, Corol duenscetellel, mace
rial scale on the inside of each. Germ two-celled, two-seeded,.
Drupe with one, or two-celled, two-valved nut ; seed solitary.
Embryo curved and folded, with little or no sissies and
with a curved inferior radicle,
Having found it necessary to deprive our ounngaen the
late Sir Thomas Millington of the genus assigned to his me-
many lg, the penne ree Ca. 45 and 201) —-
Millingtonia. DIANDRIA MONOGYNTA, — 103
cl
therefore restored that respectable name to the system, under
a different dress, by giving it to the two trees which at pre-
sent constitute this strongly marked family, and which, I am
inclined to think, have not, until now, been described. .
1. M. simplicifolid. R
- Leaves alternate, — tinodidSaaielsblate
A large tree, a native of Silhet, where it is called paths:
gee by the natives; the timber is used for various purposes.
Flowers in- February = March; seed ripens in July and
August, ;
' Leaves alternate, petioled, broad-lanceolar, tapering most
toward the base, entire, or very remotely sub-serrate, in very
young plants completely serrate, rather acuminate, smooth ;
veins simple and paralleled ; from six to twelve inches long,
by three or four broad. Panicle terminal, large, oblong,
patent, brown, villous branches, lowers numerous, sessile,
very minute, yellow. - Bractes oblong, clothed with ferragi-
-nous’pubescence. Calya three-leaved, independently of two
or three minute, villous bractes, like a calycle ; leaflets ovate,
smooth, permanent. “Petals three, broad-ovate, waved, twice
the ‘length’ of the calyx, permanent. Nectary a rail?
* lobed, smooth scale from the base of each petal on the inside,
~ they form a dome over the pistillum, and round the base of
the germ is found a flat, triangular body, with its angles
bidentate. Filaments two, opposite, incurved, inserted with-
out the interior, three-angular nectary ; bifid, the inner lami-
na’ supporting on its apex a patelliform receptacle, on which
the two-lobed yellow anther rests. Exterior lamina bifid,
' segments subulate, rising rather higher than the anther.
_ Germ superior, two-celled, with two ovula in each, attached
to the thickened middle of the partition. Style single, short.
ee pase pit oops a ‘size of a pea, nearly
? smoot ingus one-cellec . Nut conform to
angular ; the so or abortive eh abvreylrraesabha’ Seed’ Pee
G4
104 DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, . Millingtoma,
’
solitary, concave on the side next the abortive cell ofthe nut,
hemispheric on the other. Integument single, membranace-
- ous. Perisperm none. Embryo curved, and doubled, asin ,
the Convolvulacee, with a curved inferior radicle,
2. M. pinnata. R,
Leaves alternate, abruptly pinnate ; leaflets. from six to
twelve pair, sub-opposite, lanceolate, , sc
Batiwa, the vernacular, name in Silhet, Bet it is Sadia:
nous, growing to be a middling o sized tree, the wood of which
is employed by the natives in constructing their houses,
. Flowers in April and May. The seeds ripen in September.
Branchlets smooth, . Leaves alternate, abruptly-pinnate ;
from six to eighteen inches long. Leaflets from six to twelve
pair, sub-opposite, short-petioled, lanceolate, remotely serrate,
acuminate, smooth, three to six inches long, by, one or one
and a half broad. Panieles terminal, very large and very ra-
mous, a little hairy. Bractes minute. Flowers numerous,
small, white. Calya three-leaved, with two smaller ones under
them, which may be called bractes or a calycle ; or, the
calyx may be called five-leaved. Nectary, from the inside
of the base of each petal arises a variously lobed, ragged leaflet _
or scale, which is incurved over the germ; besides which .
round the base of the germ is a small, three-sided cup with
bidentate angles. Filaments two, opposite, length of the
germ, short, broad, with enlarged apex ; from the. base on. the
tside, rises a broad, tridentate scale, of about the length of -
the filament, _Anthers twin, each lobe globular, opening
transversely on the inside. Germ superior, cordate, two-celled,
with two ovula in each cell, attached to the partition, Style
short. Stigma small, bidentate. Drupe size of a pea, smooth,
black, succulent, one-celled. Nut roundish, thick for its size.
and very hard, rugose, one-celled, two-valved, with a projec- _
tion into the cell opposite to the remains of the style on one
side near the base, which marks the abortive lobe. Seed so~
litary, conform tothe x nut. ategunent single, membannaseoms |
Olea _DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 105
Perisperm none, or in small quantity, and blended with the
integument. Embryo curved, and folded up nearly as:in the
Convolvulacee. Cotyledons ovate-oblong, Radicle inferior,
curved,
) OLEA. Schreb. gen. N. 25.
Corol and calyx four-cleft. Germ two-celled, trovecedied:
Drupe superior, one-seeded. Embryo inverse, and furnished
with a + RereRa
1,.Q, agin Linn, sp, pl. ed. Willd. 1, 4, 6. .
Shrubby. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, slightly serrate. Pe-
duncles axillary. ba
Olea fragrans, Thunb, Jap, 18, t. 2. good.
A native of China, in the Botanic garden it blossoms dur-
x spelen cathereean:
2. O. paniculata, R E
Leaves opposite, ctilnk oblong, entire, eaain” Dani
cles sie Bractes wesidpae Lobes of the stigma di-
-Varicate, —
— phi sees a wative sof the oe mountains, Flower
during the hot season.
Leaves opposite, petioled, oblong, waved, entire, running
down the petiole, smooth on both sides, firm, about five inches
long, and two broad. Petioles an inch and half long, smooth,
flat above. Stipules none, Panicles below the leaves, and
also from the axills, small, thin, brachiate. Bractes small,
nearly sessile. Calyx four-cleft, small, Corol one-petalled;
tube shorter; border four-cleft ; divisions oblong, spreading, —
concave ; apices sharp and. sealer Filaments two, ony ;
site, ahest. finthers hes ieee erect, Germ superior,
yi sg ae —twe o-cl aah 3 divisions en-
‘ain éach
106 DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Olea.
3. 0. dioica, R.
Arboreous, dioicous. Leaves opposite, shake pichaly ob-
long, serrate, Panicles axillary.
Atta-jam, the vernacular name in Silhet, where it is indi-
genous ; also on the hills of Chittagong. In both places it
grows to be a pretty large tree, the timber of which is reck-
oned excellent, and put to many uses by the natives. Flow-
ering time the month of March and April ; fruit ripe in July.
‘Bark of the old ligneous parts ash-coloured ; of the young
‘shoots smooth and green. Leaves opposite, short-petioled,
oblong, tapering equally at each end, remotely, and acutely
serrate, acuminate, smooth, from four to eight inches long, by
from two to four broad. — Stipules, the oval concave scales of
the buds only. Panicles axillary, and opposite, below the
leaves, thin and not above half their length. Male flowers
moore numerous, small. Calya four-toothed. Corol one-pe-
talled, tube very short; border four-parted. Filaments two,
very short, inserted on the short tube of the corol. _Anthers
oval, hid in the corol. Germ none, a small two-lobed gland
supplies its place. #emale on a separate tree, (probably
HERMAPHRODITE, and in that case all the corols with the sta-
mina, must have fallen off at a very early period; which I
have no reason to think was the case, as they were examined
at what I consider a proper age, and no traces of the place
where a corol grew could be found.) © Sone as in the male.
Corol none. Germ superior, ovate, two-celled, wit ovu-
, attached to the top of the iri ” Style short,
Stigma two-lobed. -_Drupe nearly round, in size and colour
much like the common sloe, Prunus Spinosa, one-celled. Nit’
conform to the seed, thin and rather brittle than hard, one-
celled. Seed solitary, conform to the nut. Integument single,
thin. Perisperm conform to the seed, firm, pearl-colour.’
Embryo inverse, shorter than the perisperm, and consider-—
ably narrower. Cotyledons ovate-lanceolate, Radicle supe
THE : Byer ak
Chionanthus. DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 107
CHIONANTHUS. Schreb. gen. N. 26.
Calyx four-parted. Corol one-petalled ; segments long.
Germ two-celled, two-seeded, Drupe superior, one or two-
serra Embryo inverse, without perisperm.
1. C. ramiflora, R.
Arboreous. Leaves opposite, Sead lanceolar, entire. Pa-
nicle below the leaves. :
A natiye of the Moluccas, Flowering time March and
April, Seed ripe in September.
Trunk erect, bark smooth, ash-coloured ; branches oppo-
site ; young shoots smooth, and round, Leaves opposite, pe-
tioled, broad-lancoalar, entire, acute, smooth on both sides ;
length about six inches. Petioles channelled, smooth, about
an inch. long. _Panieles opposite, from the naked. branches
below the leaf- ~bearing shoots, ovate, brachiate, much longer
than the leaves, smooth in every part. _/lowers numerous,
small, yellow. Bractes opposite, lanceolate. Calyx four-
parted, Corol to the base four-cleft, consequently there is lit-
tle or no tube, segments, of the border lanceolate, with incury-
a ed margins, — Filaments short and thick, inserted both on the
base of the corol and the receptacle. Anthers a polleniferous
groove on each side of the short, thick filaments. Style
scarcely any, Stigma four-lobed. Drupe oblong, one-celled.
Nut oblong, striped, one-celled, Perisperm none, sail
inverse. Co niaedens conform to the seed.
2, ©. Sevlanica. Linn. sp. aE ‘a Willd. ¥. 47. vain
Leaves opposite, short-petioled, obovate, entire, smooth,
Racemes axillary, often ooo ; foves ena Brae-
tes orate, biccanice ais , ie ‘
Said args ef Ben beh a | Pe eas : :
108 DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Schrebera,
3. C. dichotoma. R. xainw
Shrubby, dichotomous. Leaves cuneiform-lanceolar, re-
curved, entire. Racemes axillary ; pedicels three-flowered.
Native place Coromandel. The Asiatic synonima are un-
certain. Flowering time in the Botanic garden the month of _
March.
Trunk short; bark dark ash-coloured, with many, elevat-
ed, lighter coloured specks. Branches dichotomous through-
out, very numerous; height of the shrabs in the Botanic
garden, about seven feet in seven years. Leaves opposite,
short-petioled, broad-cuneiform, lanceclar, entire, rather ob-
tuse; surfaces smooth, texture hard; three inches long by
one broad, Racemes axillary, solitary, scarcely half the
length of the leaves. Pedicels sub-opposite, diverging,
three-flowered. Flowers small, white, inodorous, Calyx four-
parted ; segments ovate, obtuse, villous. Corol, the segments
can scarcely be said to be united at the base, except by the
filaments, which are inserted on the bases of two, and in that”
manner form two pair of segments; they are nearly exact,
taper a litile, and have their margins mach incurved, Fila-—
menis two, short, Anthers large, with bifid apex. Germ
four-sided, ovate, two-celled, with two ovula in each attach-
ed to the middle of the partition, Style short. Stigma ob-
scurely two-lobed. Drupe superior, oval, or short obovate,
size of a black currant, succulent, when ripe purple, one-cell-
ed. Nut obovate, rather thin, and tender, marked with four
*-
ribs from the apex to the base, with four small, imperfect :
ones between, one-celled. Seed solitary, conform to the nut...
' Integument single, thin, and tender. Perisperm none. Em-
bryo inverse, Cotyledons conform to the seed, Radicle pa- :
tellitorm, su ai peas
SCHREBERA. R.
| Calye bilabiate. Corol salver-shaped. Capsule superior,
bmate, two-celled, two-valved, Seeds several, =e if ES
Schrebera. DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA., 109°
S. swietenioides. R. Corom, pl. 2. N. 101.-
Teling. Mucaadi. :
Tam. Mogalinga marum,
A large timber tree, a native of vallies over the mountain-
_ ous parts of the Raja-mundri Circar, Balaghata mountains,
&e. Flowering time the beginning of the hot season,
Trunk erect. Bark scabrous, Branches numerous, spread-
" ing in every direction, so as to form a large beautiful shady
head. Leaves nearly opposite, petioled, pinnate with an odd
one, about a foot long, Leaflets, three or four pair, oppo-
site, short-petioled, the lowermost largest, and. obliquely-
_ ovate, or cordate, while those towards the apex become nar-
rower; all are entire, pointed, smooth on both sides, and
about three or four inches long. Petioles round, smooth,
Stipules none. Panicles terminal, thin, trichotomous, Bractes
small, caducous. Flowers rather small, white and brown,
variegated, very fragrant during the night. Calyx beneath,
tubular, somewhat two-lipped ; lips nearly equal, emargi-_
nate, sometimes there are two lateral toothlets, one on each
_ side in the fissures which separate the lips. g Corol one-pe-
talled, salver-shaped. Tube cylindric, three times longer
than the calyx. Border spreading, divided into five, six or
seven cuneate, truncate segments. ilaments two, short,
inserted below the middle of the tube. Anthers oblong, hid |
within ‘the tube of the corol. Germ above, oval. Style a
little longer than the tube, Stigma bifid. Capsule large,
pear-shaped, size of a pullet’s egg, scabrous, very hard, two-
celled, two-valved, opening from the apex, Seed four in
each cell, they are irregularly oval, and ceneienne: with a
long membranaceous wing. “e
Obs. The wood of this tree is of a gray colour, very close- ze
grained, heavy and durable. It is reckones! less subject to
pppetaia ce er 3 on which ac
*
110 DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Eranthemum.
I am inclined to think it would answer well for scales to -
mathematical instruments; it does not look so well as box,
but its not being subject to warp may render it fitter, though
not so handsome.
ERANTHEMUM. Linn. Flor. Zeyl. 15.
' Calyx five-cleft, Corol hypocrateriform ; border regular,
or nearly so. Filaments four, two of them sterile, Capsule
_ two-celledy two-valved, bursting with elasticity’ a to
the —
1. E. montanum. R.
Shrubby, diffuse. Leaves oblong, acute, — rides:
Bractes linear, hairy. ~
Justica montana. R. Corom. pl. 2. N. 176.
A small, straggling, jointed, under shrub ; a native of ee
Circar mountains, flowers during the cool season.
Stems many, striated, jointed, smooth, leaning on the
ground, and rogting at the joints, young slits fetid ad:
Leaves opposite, petioled, oval and oblong, pointed, ruming
down the petioles, from three to four inches long, and about
two broad, Spikes many, terminal, erect, slender. roo
cles four-sided, Bractes exterior, opposite, decussate, linear, ;
acute, hairy, one-flowered. Bracteoles two to eac
flower,
pressing laterally the calyx, and like the exterior, but much
smaller, Flowers opposite, solitary, decussate, very pale
blue, Calyx five-parted ; segments subulate, Corol with a
very long, and very slender tube, border of five equal obo- e
vate truncate, pale blue segments, Filaments short. Anthers
single, oblong, within the tube of the corol, Style length of
the tube of the corol, Stigma unequally bifid, appearing
just without the tube. Capsule linear-oblong, compressed,
Pointed, two-celled, two-valved, opening across the partition,
wi han elastic jerk, _ Seeds two in each, compressed, bags
Evranthemum. DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, ill
ae: 5: sulehellnd. Andrew’s Repos. vol, ii, 88.
Shrubby, erect. Leaves ventricose-oblong «: Spikes termi
nal, imbricated. Bractes ovate-oblong.
Justicia pulchella, Roxb. Corom., pl. 2. No. 177.
Justicia nervosa, Vahl, En, pl. 1. 164,
Beng. Kalla-Jati.
- Hind, Gool-sham. | |
A most beautiful, stout, flowering shrub ; a native of dry, —
uncultivated, shady places, over various parts of India, flow- ;
ering time the cold season. It is generally in its full beauty
in February,
Stems many, erect, and ascending or nearly so ; two or
three feet high. | Branches many ; young shoots versgidéa,
smooth, Leaves opposite, short-petioled, oblong, waved, pret-
ty smooth ; from six to nine inches long, and from three to four
broad ; ae are of a much deeper and brighter green than in
E. montana, which this resembles most, Spikes terminal,
Bractes disposed as in the former, but larger, broader, ciliate,
and much nearer to each other. Flowers disposed as in the
former but large, and of a deep bright blue purple colour.
Capsule and seeds as in E. montana,
Shrubby, erect. Leaves ovate-oblong, smooth. Spikes
terminal ; bractes wedge-shaped, naked. Stamens within the
tube.
A native of the Andaman Islands, whence several plants
were brought to the Botanic garden, by Colonel Kyd ; and
are now (March 1797) in blossom, It is a small shrub, and
of slow growth,
_ Stem and branches sub-erect, stated the younger ‘some.
what four-sided and a little Rest Leaves nes short-
somewhat repand, smooth
and naked {he intecior: soe Corol; tbe engi of
112 DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Eranthemum.
the exterior bractes. Border regularly five-parted, pale —
blue. Stamens two, abortive filaments issuing from the
base of the two fertile ones. Anthers half hid in the tube of
the corol.
4. E. diantherum. R.
Suffruticose, erect. Leaves broad-lanceolar, nia Ra-
cemes terminal, in axillary, peduncled umbellets. Coro/
somewhat bilabiate. .Anthers twin.
A small delicate, perennial plant, boongiii "ii the Motue:
cas in 1800, blossomed in the Botanic garden in —
1801.
Stem curved, simple ;. heanalies few in our niall joong
plants. Leaves opposite, petioled, ovate-oblong, entire, ob-
tuse, destitute of pubescence, somewhat bullate ; about two
or three inches long, by one broad. Flowers numerous,
collected on small, long-peduncled, axillary umbellets ; and
in opposite fascicles, or solitary on a long terminal, slender,
erect raceme; small, white, with a slight tinge of red, and
some minute red spots on the base of the middle divisions of
the under lips. Bractes, a single, ensiform one, at the base
of each peduncle, with one or two, still smaller, about the
middle of each pedicel. Calyx divided almost to the base
into five slender , acute divisions, - -Corol ; tube long, slender,
and curved. Border sub-bilabiate : upper lip erect, two-
parted ; lower three-cleft ; all the five segments. equal. ‘Fila
ments four, ier daw the ‘aheenthi bf thes bal: two of them very
minute, and abortive. Anthers erect, twin. Capsule with —
two, or four, somewhat scabrous flattened orbicular seeds, my
Obs, Is nearly allied tomy E. racemosum, but differs from
it in having long, slender-peduncled fascicles of flowers in
the axills of the leaves, as well as in having from one to three _
_ or more flowers on each of the lower opposite peduncles of
See. while i in that there in seid one ; a in
Dowverainiy Mu Jebel aeheg: Seales sae:
Eranthemum. «DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 113
5. E. racemosum, R. ,
Suffruticose. Leaves oblong, ventricose. acaba ter-
minal ; coro/ somewhat bilabiate, both lips three-parted.
A eli under shrub, of great beauty, brought into the
Botanic garden from the Moluccas, in 1798 ; and blossomed
in November, 1799.
Stem small, with a few, slender Ssctuetbin's ; height of the
whole plant about two feet. Leaves opposite, petioled, -ob-
long, ventricose, and running down on the petiole, entire,
and pretty smooth; from two to three inches long, and broad
in proportion, Racemes terminal, some of them long, and
slender ; others shorter. Flowers opposite, viddieddioks ap-
proximate, pretty large, colour a pale pink, or white, tinged
with red. Bractes subulate, one at the base of each pedicel,
and two on it. Calyx ; divisions equal, and subulate, Corot
infundibuliform ; border somgwhat bilabiate ; both lips three-
parted, the under one considerably larger. Filaments four,
short, inserted within the mouth of the tube, two of _
minute, and abortive. Anthers half erecta: wea
6. E. bipleriniilens Reale .
. Shrubby, erect. | Leaves oeaacbliny, smooth. Spikes
teraninbi _Bractes wedge-shaped, naked. Stamens within
the long slender tube, adjoined to them are two abortive fila-
ments,
A native of the Andaman Islands, f from whence sovenil
plants were brought to the Botanic garden, by Colonel Kyd,
which blossom in March. It is a small shrub, and of ai
growth,
Stem and branches calcd jointed, the younger some-
what four-sided, and a little hairy. Leaves opposite, short-
petioled, oblong and ovate-oblong, somewhat re smooth
on both sides. Spikes terminal; flowers opposite. Bractes
: , one- , the exterior large. filedgevbaped,
pthe interior deggeredi Corol ; tube length of.
—— Border regularly five-parted, ee
VOL. I, H
*
114 DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Justicia,
Stamens, two abortive filaments issuing from the base of the
two fertile ones. Anthers half hid in the tube of the corol.
JUSTICIA. Schreb. gen. N. 35.
- Corol one-petalled, irregular, Capsule mapesion, rasitlli
ed, two-valved, bursting with elasticity contrary to the parti-
tion, Z- EE ; 2
‘SECT. iL Anthers single. . :
ye J canes, Linn, sp. pl ed. Willd, 1. $5.) ae
- Shrubby, erect. Spikes terminal, four-sided, Bragtes est
ciliate, Corol bilabiate, tube filiform ; _upper lip linear, re-
flexed, with bipartite apex. _Capsule-two-seeded.
Carim curini. Rheed, Mal, 2, t. 20,
_ Hind. Oodoo-jati. , ar i
A native of our Indian forests, .. Flowers’ the cities. part
of the year. ;
Stems several, woody, straight, round, smooth, jeinteds ha
swelled above the joints ; from two to four feet high. Leaves
opposite, petioled, oval, tapering a little towards each. end,
smooth, a little waved, Spikes terminal, four-sided, imbricat-.
ed with four rows of large, oval, sharply serrated, waved,
one-flowered bractes, Flowers a pale blue or azure re colour,.
Corol ; ptube, very long and slender ; upper Tip ii linear, reflex
ed, be ecoming. revolute, apex bifid ; under lip. very broa¢ 53
three-parted, Anthers simple, nee erect. Stigma perf,
rated, ciliate, Capsule two-seeded,
1@
2. J. thrysiflora, R.
Shrubby, erect, smooth. Tannen lgumclansinameia sas
cemes terminal, flowers verticelled, . Corel sub: hilaaing :
Capsule clavate, ten or twelvergeeded,
Justicia, DIANDRIA’ MONOGYNTA, Ab
William Carey, into the Botanic garden, where if flowers in
January and February, and the seeds are ripe in March and
“April.
Root ramous, Stem straight, woody. ° Branches «nearly
straight, general height from four to eight feet ; woody parts
round, and covered with smooth ash-coloured bark ; young
shoots smooth, swelled at the insertion of the leaves, somewhat
four-sided, and tinged with*dull purple. -Leaves opposite,
short-petioled, drooping, lanceolar, entire, smooth on both |
sides, of a firm texture, the upper side deep green, the under
side pale; from four to eight inches long, and from one to
two broad. Racemes terminal, often-solitary, though some-
times two, or even three-fold, thyrsiform, shape of the flame
of a candle, crowded with large orange-coloured flowers. Pe- .
dicels four-fold, verticelled, approximate, one-flowered, short-
er than the divisions of the calyx. “Bragtes three-fold, subu-
late; the inner two permanent, and ‘inserted on the base of the
pedicels ; the exterior single one larger and caducous.” Calyx
simple, five-cleft, to the base divisions equal, straight, subu-
late, half the length of the tube of the corol. Coro? about an
inch’ bog. - Tube incurved, compressed, laterally somewhat
villotts.i » Border bilabiate'; ‘upper lip broad, projecting
forward, deeply emarginate ; under lip of three,
efiial: deeply-divided, ovate, acute divsiteal Anthers even
with the upper lip of the corol, dark brown, oval, an open-
ing on the under side for the discharge of the white -pollen,
and studded on the back: Style scarcely so long as the sta-
mina,. Stigma entire, Capsule roomier) — Seeds
five or six in each cell.
« Obs. This is one of the most beautiful species of Seistibia
Phave yet met with in India, even pics! pete in vas € At :
pbs — nace ree a
a rubby, ’ broad-lanceolar, poheked: smooth. |
Rihierh terinina eine ; a opposite ; below) fas”
116 DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Justicia,
cicled, about tle middle tern, and above single ; sub-ringent,
with ample-campanulate throat, Capsule linear, few-seeded,
A native of the hilly parts of Ceenere. where it blos-
soms in February and March,
_ Stems scarcely any, but several, erect, stiff, short branches,
with their ultimate tender divisions four-sided, the angles
sharp, and rather rough; whole height of full grown plants
about three feet. Leaves opposite, short-petioled, reflex-
ed, from oblong. to lanceolar, entire and. pretty smooth ;
from two to four inches long, by from one to two broad.
Racemes_ terminal, solitary, rigidly erect, cylindric; from
three to six incheslong, Rachis four-angled. Flowers ra-
ther small, colour yellowish pink, on the lower part of the
raceme in opposite fascicles; about its middle in threes on
common very short peduncles and pedicels; above single.
Bractes to the single flowers, solitary; to the lower, three,
Calyz single, five-parted; divisions broad-subulate. _ Corol
with the tabe shorter than the calyx, and an ample-campa-
nulate throat ; border sub-bilabiate ; upper lip projecting: al-
most horizontally, bifid; Jower lip broad, and three-parted.
Filaments much curved, hairy near the base, | Anthers
single, linear, lodged under the upper lip of the corol. Germ
two-celled, about four ovula in each, paon —— obtuse.
Capsule linear,smooth, . — ,
ee ey ee eee j
y eekey, erect, smooth, See saiaiea alk.
late. Spikes terminal, and axillary, Flowers remote, Co-
rol with filiform tube, and bilabiate border,
This very preity plant, a native of the Great ‘Andomnn,
was brought from thence to the Botanic garden, by Cent
Stokoe, Flowering time the beginning of the hot season. -
Stem erect, round, smooth, while young swelled above: he
insertions of the leaves, Leaves opposite, short-petioled, ob-
long, waved, smooth, and shining on both sides. Spikes
numerous, terminal, and onan renee consider-
Justicia, - DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, ‘V17
able recurvature, longer than the leaves, round, and smooth,
Flowers opposite, remote, pure white. Bractes, three
small ones to each flower, shorter than the calyx. Corol;
tube long, straight, filiform ; upper lip of two, erect, wedge-
shaped divisions united below the middle; under lip three-
parted ; divisions broader and pointing downwards, a
ments short. Anthers - without the tube.
xb oi picta, Linn, sp. pl. ea: Witt 1. 88,
Shrubby, erect. Leaves broad-lanceolate, pointed. Ra-
cemes sub-globular, T'ube of the corol widening, vertically
compressed, margins of the segments of the border revolute.
~Tsjude-maram. Rheed. Mai. 6. p. 111. t. 60. ?
' Folium bracteatum, Rumph. Amb. 4, p. 73. t. 30. —
A large, elegant, ramous shrub, common in gardens, and
one of our finest ornaments. I never saw it wild; itis in _—
er most part of the year. ll
Leaves opposite, short-petioled, odin chasis mooth-
pointed, generally variegated with large white spots, though —
sometimes of a uniform green, and we have a variety with
the leaves uniformly ferruginous, Racemes terminal, short,
erect, smooth, Flowers large, generally of a beautiful crim-
son colour. Practes opposite ; below three or four-flower-
ed ; above one-flowered. Corol, throat compressed, divisions
of the border soon after they expand becoming spirally revo-
lute, with their inside wrinkled, and beautifully aaron
vn small chrystalline specks.
6. J. | piaichlate Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. 1.89.
- Herbaceous, erect, four-sided, brachiate. Leaves sub-ses-
cite, mci sps Racemes — 2 hopes eeciecil —
HS
iB: - _DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, — Justicia..
. Kreat is the name by which it is known on the» Malabar;
coast, &c. where it is much used in medicine, and is the bitter.
of the famous Nortrum; called Drogue amere..
_Cara-canirum. Rheed. Mal, 9, p. 109. t. 5. 6. .
_ Teling. Nella-vemgoo.: ‘.
_A native of dry ground, under the shade of trees, bushes,
&e. Flowering and seed time, the wet and cold seasons.
Stem erect, generally annual, at least down to the 00's:
branchy ; slender, four-sided, jointed, smooth, one to two feet
high. Branches opposite, cross-armed, four-sided, spread-
ing. Leaves opposite, short-petioled, lanceolate, entire,,
smooth; two or three inches long. - Racemes terminal, and.
from the exterior axills, horizontal, long secund, four-sided,
Flowers remote, rose-coloured, long-pedicelled, alternate,
erect, downy. Bractes a large, exterior opposite pair; within
the flower-bearing one there are two smaller, embracing: the,
base of the pedicels. Corol bilabiates. Tube recurved ; lips,
linear, and reflected ; the superior broadest, three-toothed;
the inferior two-toothed. Filaments as long as the lips of the:
corel, projecting, hairy. Anthers very flat, obovate, firmly
united at the base, and three-bearded. Capsule erect, sub=.
ego sealer meee or pefour. i in each cell, cylindric.
= Fa J. wlisblioa Pree aie ed, Willd. 1. ‘P- 87.
_ Annual, erect, four-sided, hairy. Leaves s
oblong and linear. Spikes axillary, recurved ae:
soms of the leaves, secund, = _ with four, Mere,
_ Tucose seeds,
Pee-tumbat Riieed, Mal. 9. 1, 46.
. A native of Coromandel,and generally found on old walls ;
in flower all the year.
_ Stem annual, erect, four-sided, hairy, esdhiahailbeas ee op-
posite, —- branches from the base; whole ten pie
a
Justicia, DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. n9
and in general shorter than them ; in luxuriant plants com-
pound. » Bractes opposite, small, lanceolate, hairy. Flowers
alternate, sessile, erect ; upper lip purple, the rest» white,
Calyx of five, long, hairy, ensiform ‘divisions, Corol bilabi-
ate. Tube sub-cylindric ; upper: lip erect, broad, and trifid;
under lip narrower, recurved, and ‘bidentate. Filaments pro-
jecting, straight, and about as long as the lips of the corol,
Anthers simple, united and bearded at the. base. Capsule ob-
long, erect, hairy, length of the calyx. \ Seeds generally two
in each cell, oblong, rough, Ks
8. J. polysperma. R. saiktiak
Annual, creeping, round, jointed. Leaves sessile, lanceo-
late, downy. Spikes imbricated. Bractes three-fold, one-
flowered, woolly. Capsule with from twenty to — seeds,
te Chhota-micheta.
It is a native of Bengal, and appears during the cold season
amongst grass, &e. in uncultivated places, =
i Sonia diffuse, or creeping, very. Tamous, six to. sahil in-
ches long, round, jointed, a little downy. Leaves opposite,
sessile, lanceolate, entire, - downy. — Spikes” terminal, and
axillary, imbricated with opposite, decussated, flowers, and
bractes. Flowers small, pale blue. Bractes three-fold, one-
flowered, the lower one a little broader than the two lateral,
all are woolly. Calyx woolly. Capsules linear, e
inne er to — small roundish seeds,
9. J. acaulis. pete ~~ ph ed, Willd. 1. 84, R, Conoms on
2. N. 127.
~ Root perennial, stemless. Siem radical, cian inate:
oblong, crenate. Spikes ascending, snheicete Corel xin-—
penis HBS mianseenedens #29 Hoag
n ground, generall under the edn of
trees, ete gorsne ca
* H4
120 DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Justicia,
Root perennial. Stem none. Leaves radical, spreading
close on the ground, sessile, wedge-form or oblong, crenulat-
ed, rugose, woolly on the under side; from six to twelve
inches Jong. Spikes radical, several, as long as, or longer
than the leaves, ascending, imbricated from top to bottom,
with small, rigid, pointed bractes, each of the superior: ones
embracing a flower, and two small lateral bractes, Flow-
ers sinaidp white. Calyx five-leaved, the superior leaflets
nouch the largest. Corol ; tube cylindric, recurved; upper
lip vaulted, under lip broad, three- parted, with the divisions —
two-parted, Capsules conical, tae Seeds. ws ong
form. . | ae ©
“SECT. IL. “Corols Fiabiate™ either? double. —
10. J. nasuta. Vahl. Symb. 2. 15, Linn, sp. pl. k “Witla.
1. 90.
Shrubby, emct, Leaves short-petioled, lanceolate, Panicle
axillary and terminal. Upper lip of the. corol, linear and,
bidentate ; under lip broad, three-lobed,
;Pubeolli. teheee Mal. 9. 135. t,.69.
“Teling. and Tamu, = ee ik at
This species 1 have only found i in garde is; fron whence
it originally came, I cannot say. Flowers all the year round,
but never ripens its seed, owing I imagine, to its being always
.propagated by cuttings, layers, or slips. . It grows to be a
large thin shrub, of five or more feet in height. _ '
Root woody, ramous, Stems many, erect, ramous, the old
woody parts round, and covered with pretty. smooth ash-co-
loured bark ; the tender branches, and young: shoots jointed,
smooth, and ohalctaly six-seeded. Leaves opposite, petioled,
broad-lanceolate, point obtuse, above smooth, below a little
“downy, entire ; from two to four inches long, and from one to —
Justicia. _ DIANDRIA MONOGYNTA, a
ways three-cleft, as also the sub-divisions. Peduncles and
pedicels short,’ round, a little downy. © Bractes minute,
Flowers small, white. Corol with a long, slender, compressed
tube; wnder lip broad, three-cleft; upper lip erect, linear,
sides reflected, apex bifid. Nectary,@ fleshy ring surround-
ing the base of the germ. Anthers —_— the tube, twin.
_— I have not seen.it.
Obs. Milk boiled on the roots, is reckoned, iby the Indian
sbieatdili aphrodisiacal, and as such often employed ; for no
medicines are more sought after by the natives of India than
those which are imagined to belong to that class,
The roots rubbed with lime juice, and pepper, are used,
and often with good effect, to cure the ring worms, or Herpes
miliaris, which in India is a most troublesome a and
igh common, ,
They are also used for the bite of poisonous snakes ; hence
the Telinga and Tamul name Naga mulli, or Jasmine of
the Cobra de capella; Naga is therefore prefixed to the
name of the most of their antidotes, or medicines supposed to
destroy the effect of poison, and occurs very often in their
writings, For likethe ancient physicians of Greece, Rome, &e.
those of India at this day, make poisons, and their ashton
a very chief part of their studies ; but from the seeming inac-
tivity of a very large share of thera, we may safely conclude,
that their practice is equally frivolous with that of the an-
cients, and ought to be discouraged as much as possible ; be-
cause at least, they pee the application of more eflica’
- 14. J. lanceolaria, R. >» Te :
-acSheabby,ereta:'iLeaoe sets Lancet iene ee
cicles ans panicled, sera on Soest
Dube ofthe'co-
122 DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Justicia,
This beautiful shrub is a native of the Silhet district, where
it is called Toogee. . Flowering time, the cold season; = >)
Stem: erect, or nearly so; branches round and smooth; and —
while young, swelled just above the insertion of the leaves ;
whole height from tw® to four feet. Leaves opposite, petiol-
ed, lanceolar, (that is tapering equally at each end) entire,
acute, smooth; from three to six imches long, and one or two
broad. Flowers numerous, large and rosy, collected in nu-
merous terminal, clammy, fascicles of from two tofour each,
and. embraced. by numerous, ensiform, clammy bractes, like
a common calyx, and longer than the proper perianths ; the
whole forming a pretty large panicle at the end ofeach
branch. | Calyx. -five-parted ; segments . ensiform, smooth,
Corol ; tube long, slender, curved outward, and like my’ J.-
speciosa, latebrosa, &c. has a half twist ; which, as inthe er-
chidee, brings the lower lip uppermost... Border bilabiate,
lips nearly equal, oblong ; the superior, in its inverted state,
three-toothed ; inferior entire. Filaments from the mouth of
the tube of the corol, shorter than the lips, and. projecting
straight over the under one. ' Anthers double, one at the end
of the other, forming one straight line ; the exterior half of the
posterior one being attached to the apex of the haeoaniag iat
to the base of the exterior anther,
12. J.:speciosa, R.
Perennial, erect. Leaves ovidedtiie ta Secinalty ae
lary and terminal, proliferous, few-flowered. Bractes oppo-
site, foliaceous, Corol bilabiate, tube curved, and twisted;
hps equal ; upper one tridentate, lower one bidentate.
A native of the interior parts of Bengal, where it blossoms
during the cold season, and is then one not the ere
— of the forests.
~ Stems erect, juinted. Branches few, vee ence Bark of
the. pee parts ash-coloured ; of the young shoots smooth
and gre mn. Leaves opposite, alates petioled, ovate-cor-
ire, piichenmetnilemenkiads $form geste. for
Justicia, . DIANDRIA MONOGYNIAy 123
inches long. Peduncles axillary, often. proliferous. and
much longer than the petioles, supporting two, or three flow-
ers. Flowers large, beautiful, bright earmine colour. Bractes
or floral leaves opposite, sessile, from ovate to linear, Calya,
simple, divided almost to the base into five ensiform, equal.
portions, Corol; tube long, slender, curved, villous, and
somewhat twisted ; wpper lip linear-oblong, recurved over the
tube, apex three-toothed, at the base some dark coloured
spots ; under lip broad-lanceolate, pointing directly to the
earth, apex slightly two-toothed. Filaments inserted in the
mouth of the tube of the corol, nearly as long as its border,
and, with the lower lip, pointing downwards, _ 4nthers dou-
ble; linear, purple, with pale coloured pollen. Style as long
as the stamens, and beyond the tube taking the sanie direction.
with them. Stigma slightly emarginate, Capsules a
with two seeds in each cell, eet t ory
O81 bi ok bt
13.5. tinctoria. R. intel
Shrubby. Leaves siioleds oamnebiiadia ilies il
minal, fascicled, involucred, Aatherslinear, 8
Folium tinctorium. Rumph. Amb, vi. 51. tab. xxii, fk diy
_ Beng. Batia-rung.
Found in the woods about Calcutta, in full flower. in
October. te hawaii
Stem scarcely any ; branches numerous, deloverenty 3 young
shoots jointed, and swelled above the joints, round, a little.
downy. Leaves opposite, petioled, oblong, entire, covered
with a little harsh pubescence, two to three inches: long. |
Peduneles terminal, forming the exterior axills, each support
ing some few fascicles, of four to six sessile. flowers. Bractes’
Rie sessile, ies those of the oieceneten .
: ae " | saliieit 4 cover ee Peacicle of
Fiala beenel sanull. Calyz five-toothed. Corol s
tube, Heian of he Jargest involucres, filiform, having a
124 : DIANDRIA MONOGYNTA,. Justicia.
small twist near the apex. Border two-parted, both divisions
oblong, the upper one three-toothed. ectary a gaping cup
in which the germ rests. Stamens projecting. Anthers
two on each filament. Style rather longer than the stamens,
Stigma obtuse,
14, J. bivalvis, Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. 1. 82.
Shrubby. Leaves lanceolate. Peduncles axillary, and
terminal, three to six-cleft ; lateral pedicels often trifid; ulti-
mate divisions bearing a small head of sessile flowers, between
two, unequal, linear bractes.. Capsule clavate,
A native of the Moluccas. : Sarah
- Folium tinctorium of Rumphius, quoted under the pre-
ceding species, does not so well agree with J. bivalvis. I
think Adel-Odagam, Rheed, Mal. ix. 81. t. 43. moo to
neither of them. pe
15. J. chinensis, Vahl. en, pl. 1.110.
Perennial, retroflex. Leaves cordate. ,Umbellets axillary,
from three to five, and with the pedicels (from three to five),
distichous, Eecalncels obovate, unequal. Capsules round
and thin. — |
J. chinesolie =e sp. pl, ed. Willd. 1. 80. Burm. ind 8
t.4.f.1. is bad if intended for this plant. 5
A middle-sized, straggling, suffruticose species introduced :
from China into the keel nes! ieee a —— oa
August till December. | i
Stem scarcely any ; brivailide sell iaiaihy? igus
straggling and ascending, slender, somewhat six-angular,
pretty smooth ; striking root where they rest on the ground; __
from one to two feet long. Leaves opposite, petioled, ovate
cordate, entire, somewhat acuminate, smooth, from one to two”
inches long. Peduncles axillary, from three to five in each
<a) ‘distichous; of various length, each supporting a little,
‘tichous u endollcs of from three to five, one or two-flowered
, pags ate two, subulate, :
Justicia, DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 125
opposite, of the flowers two, sessile, unequal, obovate, or ob-
Jong-ventricose, embracing between them.one or two com-
plete flowers, and one or two rudiments. Bractes (or inner
calyx), ensiform, two to each flower, and rudiment. Flow-
ers small, pale-pink. (Calyx five-parted, segments ensiform,
Corol ; tube, length of the involucres, a little twisted, _Bor-
der bilabiate ; upper lip linear, three-toothed ; under lip oval,
and slightly emarginate. _Anthers two on each filament,
purple, Capsule pedicelled, small, flat, round, villous, two-
celled, with two thin round seeds in each cell,
Obs. 1 have two varieties (if not distinct species) from the
coast of Coromandel. In the first, the leaves are much nar-
rower, and run more down on the petioles, and, with the
bractes of the flowers, longer, more cuspidate, and ciliate;
In the second variety, the leaves are cuneiform-lanceolate;
and the bractes of the flower broad-ovate, short sett:
and hairy.
16. J. latebrosa. Kin. MSS. |
_ Herbaceous; branches straggling, round, soilless ‘inh
petioled, cordate-oblongy pointed. Tube of the corol twisted ;
lips almost equal ; the upper one three-dentate, the lower one
bidentate, Seeds solitary.
It grows always among bushes, or under their males ina
dry barren soil. Flowering time, the wet and cold seasons,
_ Root perennial. Stem scarcely any ; branches many,
straggling, weak, round, smooth, jointed, ramous, Leaves _
opposite, petioled, cordate-oblong, pointed, entire, smooth ;
size very various. Flowers terminal, large, of a bright, red
colour. Bractes numerous, lanceolate, Calyx single, Co-
rol; iube twisted at the middle; lips equal, linear ; the up-
per one three-toothed, and the under ove emarginate. — Sta-
pene = oe ee projecting —
126 DIANDRIA MONOGYNTA. Justicia,
17. J. bicalyculata. -Limw sp, pl. ed. Willd. 1.81.
Annual, erect, six-sided, scabrous. Leaves short-petioled,
ovate-cordate, oblong, pointed, ealyx double ; tube of the co-
yol twisted, border bilabiate, seeds solitary.
~ Dianthera malabarica. Suppl. 85.
J. malabarica, Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. 27.
J. ligulata, Lam, illustr. 1.40, 1. 12. J 2. Cavan, icon, 1.
52. ¢. 71.
. Beng. aisha
Teling. Chebiera. é
A poor looking plant, a native of rubbish, ‘rou ides 0 and
belies ‘Flowering time the wet and cold seasons.
_ Stem erect, annual, ramous, six-angled, jointed, al
and hairy, from three to five feet high. Leaves opposite,
petioled, ovate-cordate, hairy, somewhat scabrous, size very
various. Flowers terminal, and axillary, numerous, red, ge-
nerally three-fold, or rather sub-panicled, and divided by
threes. Bractes small, Calyx* double, or rather some bractes
embracing the proper perianth. Tube of the corol with a
half twist about the middle ; upper lip narrowest, linear,
three-toothed ; lower lip broad, oblong, emarginate. Fila-
ments shorter than, the corol, projecting along the under lip,
Anthers red, two on each. Blament. Seppevies i
two in each cell. . ‘gaitns
— SECT. IL. Corel ringent. Anthers double,
18,3. Adhatoda; Willd. OG: se ae
Sub-arboreous, Leaves broad- soutien Ske Seal
long-peduncled ; exterior bractes ovate, permament. Corel
ringent, upper lip vaulted, and emarginate. %
_ Sans, Vidywmatri, Singhee, Vasika, Vrishu, Dewon,
Singhashya, Vasooka, Vajiduntuka. . ,
_ Hind. and Beng. Bakus, Vasooka.
™* The outer calyx may bé called common, for there are: always |
rudiments « or ne of more Sona one ait in a which often
Justicia, DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 127
- This small tree or large shrub, is common over most pais
of India, . Flowering time the cold season.
- Trunk straight, bark pretty smooth, ash-coloured. Brandhon
sub-erect, with bark like that of the trunk, but smoother,
Leaves opposite, short-petioled, broad-lanceolar, long, taper-
pointed, smooth on both sides, about five or six inches long,
and one anda half broad. Spikes from the exterior axills,
solitary, long-peduncled, the whole end of the branchlet form-
ing a leafy panicle, flower-bearing portion short, and covered
with large bractes. lowers opposite, large, with small fer-
ruginous dots; the lower part. of both lips streaked with
purple. : aiyiadis three-fold, opposite, one-flowered.. Exte-
rior one of the three, large, ovate, obscurely five-nerved.
Interior pair, much smaller, and sub-lanceolate; all are per-
manent, Calyx five-parted to the base ; divisions nearly equal,
Corol ringent. Tube short ; throat anaples upper lip vault-
ed, emarginate ; lower lip vend; and deeply three-parted ;
both streaked with purple. Fi/aments long ene under -
vault of the upper lip. Anthers twin.
Obs. The wood is soft, and esteemed a vry ff king
charcoal for: peaesaicas:
ey “19. J. sdetiinate R. | ‘
- Shrubby, erect ; bricnchas twigey, villoas, and damenisidi
Leaves from ovate to oblong. Flowers in opposite fasciculi
on the leafless branchlets, Anthers double, all calcarate,
~. A tall, stout shrubby plant,a native of the country above
Rangoon; and from thence introduced into the Botanic garden,
where it is in flower during the month of eee and
March.
Stem straight to the sabe Higuibells in two jaa old pli
as thick as a walking cane. | Branches regularly decussate,
straight, all the younger shoots vil , and as they shoot into
flower nearly I afle ov
tire, pretty ae
ers in numerous ‘Tatde, uipouies Satialen, of three to Be. aa
te
128 DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Justicia.
appearing sub-verticelled, over the slender, leafless twigs,
sub-sessile, pale rose colour.. Bractes numerous, slender,
and very downy. Calyx five-parted; segments ensiform, vil-
lous, Corol ringent ; tube gibbous near, the base ; upper lip
sub-lanceolate, concave, erect ; under lip ‘broad and. three-
lobed. Filaments nearly as long as the upper lips ,apex
much enlarged. .4nthers two, on each filament, all with a
calcarate base.- Germ oblong, sitting in a large, glandular,
yellow ring. State the length of the stamens, Stigma simple,
20. J. i tee * Linn. sp, pl. ed. Willd. 1. 87. =
_ Shrubby, diffuse, smooth. Leaves narrow-lanceolar, ‘Spikes
terminal, sub-verticelled. _ Lower anthers calcarate,
Vada-Kodi. Rheed, Mal. 9. p. 79. t. 42.
Gendarussa. Rumph. Amb. 4. p. 70. t. i
_ Beng. Sugut-mudun, ee
_ A handsome shrub, | I have never met with it mit ‘batt In
gardens it is common, and grows readily from slips and cut-
tings ; it isin flower during the wet season chiefly, Iam told
it is indigenous on the Malay Islands,
Stem seeacel y any. Branches numerous, long, aenien
except when kept cut, they are then more erect. Bark of
the young parts generally dark purple, and very smooth ;
in some varieties green.. Leaves oppesies short-petioled, lan-
ceolar, obtuse, frequently a little scolloped, smooth; nerve
and veins dark purple, from three to six, inches long, and
_ from half an inch to an inch broad. Spikes terminal, erect,
yerticelled, Anthers double, the lower ones have a spur-like:
process projecting downwards and outwards,
21. J. Betonica, Linn, sp. p!. ed. Willd, 1. 96,
Shrubby, Leaves sub-ovate. Spikes terminal. Bractes
white, with green veins, Corol ringent, Anthers two-lobed,.
the | lower calcarate, Seeds turbercled, two in each cell,
» Willdenow. has speiled this name. Linnzeus wrote it am
darussa, which is nearer the truth. Pe thee:
Justicia, DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 129
‘Bem-Curini. Rheed. Mal. 2. p. 33. 1.21. 9
pert perennial species 5 a native of Consiiataitel frites
som all the year, particularly Nitich i in a cultivated state.
Stems several, while young, erect by age, leaning in vari-
ous directions, round, smooth, swelled above the joints, the
height of the whole plant from two to four feet. Leaves
opposite, petioled, nearly ovate, entire, or slightly’ waved;
smooth on both sides; from oné to six inches long. Spikes
terminal, secund, oiilepTEdeT TS, erect. Bractes of the rachis
opposite, ovate-oblong, villous, white with green veins, the
posterior one always abortive ; those of the flowers opposite
and resembling those of the Pacha but narrower. Flowers
pretty large, whitish, with rose-coloured veins, Calyx single,
five-cleft ; divisions ensiform, Corol ringent ; upper lip vault-
ed and LW dst lower three sari Anthers twin, the
lower one with a pur from the lower end, Capsule longer
than the calyx, villous. Seeds two in each cell, teniing to
be round, rough with numerous ped Looe cok ee
BRET IST AE Mi
22. J. ramosissima, Ri
| Shrubby, ‘creeping, very ramous. Leaves sub-ovate,
Spikes terminal, secund. Bractes lanceolate, pe tai 18s
of thé atithers calcarate, ©
A native of Coromandel. Flowering time, in the Botanic
garden, the cold season. lillie
~ Stem none, branches numerous, rising in every direction,
as well as spreading on the ground, and striking root at the
swelled joints; the tender parts striated, and slightly villous.
Leaves opposite, petioled, sub-ovate, rather obtuse, tatesing
down the petioles nearly to their base. Spikes terminal, —
secund, erect, many times Aa than the Teaves, ‘Bractes
Flo — eae oa the bractes, dull
white, sonia ko ay veins on the centre of the lower mae gets
] 201. 1. is
130 _DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Justicia,
Calyx of five linear-lanceolate, acute segments. Corol
ringent ; upper lip vaulted, with a bidentate apex ; under lip
broad, and three-cleft. .Anthers double; lower lobe with a
long curved, sharp spur. Capsule oblong, four-seeded, very
protuberant at the seeds, Seeds nearly spherical, rugose.
Obs. In the foliage, spikes, flowers, and capsule, this. spe-
_ Cles is exceedingly like J. Betonica, which however, is always
a tall, erect plant, with coloured bractes, while this is very,
bushy, spreads on the ground, and strikes root abundantly,
at the joints ; the bractes also are narrower, and greener, ...
"23, J. tranquebariensis. Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. 1.99...
Herbaceous, Leaves round, or broad-cordate, Spikes, tet-
minal, four-sided, occasioned by four rows of roundish. ciliate.
bractes. Flowers solitary, in two rows on the fore-part of
the spikes. Anthers calcarate. Common amongst bushes on.
a dry barren soil, over the coast of Coromandel, Flowering
time the wet and cold seasons.
Roots perennial, somewhat granulated. Stems in young
plants erect, in old ones uncertain; Sranches annual, small,
straggling, round, a little downy, jointed, and swelled above _
the joints, from one to two feet long, Leaves opposite, short-
petioled, oval, or round, entire, pretty smooth. Spikes ter-
minal, peduncled, long, erect, generally . four-sided, gecasion-
ed by four rows of orbicular, short- opposite, cil
bractes ; ; besides these there are a pair of small ointed
which TESS the calyx Jaterally, Flowers a mixture. of. ‘sale,
yellow, and red; standing in the axills of the two rows of.
bractes that occupy the fore-part of the spikes ; on the back,
part they are generally wanting. Calyzx single, Corol 3 up~
per lip emarginate, erect ; under lip broad, three-cleft. An-
thers double, the imermenn calearate, Seeds two in sites
cell, bristly.
Justicia, DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 131
ed, ovate, pointed. Peduncles trichotomous. | Upper lip of
the corol vaulted. Lower anthers calcarate. Capsules four-
seeded,
A native of similar places with the last described, —
ing time the same.
Root perennial. Stems several, erect, fein annual,
round, smooth, jointed, Leaves opposite, oblong-cordate,
pointed, entire, smooth. Panicles axillary, small, three-fork-
ed. Flowers rose-coloured, yellow, and whitish green mixed,
Bractés small, pointed ; generally two below every division
of the panicle, and two or three pressing upon the calyx.
Calyx single.. Corol ; tube short, widening ; upper Lp erect,
vaulted ; under lip broad, and three-parted. Filaments
concealed under the upper lip. thers double, the lower
ones calcarate. Stigma slightly bifid. Capsule four-sided,
two seeds in each cell,
25. J. tomentosa. R.
Herbaceous, sub-erect, hairy, Leaves lanceolar, tomentose,
Spikes terminal, strobiliform. Anthers distinct. Capsules co-
nic, four-seeded. hs
A native of wet, rich, pastes ground. Flowering time si
wet and cold seasons.
~ Root nearly spindle-formed, perennial. Stems several, sub-
érect, round, hairy, from one to two feet high, _ Leaves oppo-
site) petioled, broad-lanceolar, entire, very downy ; the low-
ér many times larger than the upper ones, the former being
often twelve inches long, and the latter (or floral leaves) not
more than one. Spikes terminal, oval, strobiliform, sessile on
little terminal branchlets, Flowers small, bright, bluish
purple. Bractes numerous, imbricated, oval, pointed, concave,
hairy, one-flowered. Calyx four-cleft ; the lower leaflet two-
ee i abe ailenee oo te ee, side, contracted at
ener tip wy bd, the parte nts ein eq iy
es | RES
132 DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Justicia,
oval. iia two-cleft.; segments broad. Capsules 96
eight-seeded. t '
26. J orixensis, Kon. MSS,
Herbaceous. Branches straggling, four-sided. Stig
cordate, repand. Spikes terminal. Bractes orbicular, cili-
. ate. Capsules length of the bractes, ate about four
echinate seeds.» .
Obs, It is'a native of high, dry, gthailie eae in sie
vicinity of Samulcota. » Is a like J. tranguebariensis...
; of 269°! Hse {4 ito
27. J. —— Lisi Sp. gil ed. Willd. 96. Gansa ph2.
No, 152.
Herbaceous, diffuse. Bosca vahibinaiiag lanceolate. Spikes
axillary and terminal, compressed... Bractes ovate, white,
membrane-bordered, posterior rows neuter. . Lower anthers
crescent-shaped. ;
Adhadota, spicata flosculos ex foliolis membranaceis me
ducens. Burm, zeyl. 7, t.3. f. 2.
A native of pasture ground. Flowering time the wet aid.
cold seasons, |
Root perennial, Siems many, diffuse, ical ‘jointel
smooth, sometimes rooting at the joints; one to two feet long.
Leaves opposite, short-petioled, _ ‘broad Janceelate, entire,
sharp-pointed, smooth,” Spikes axillary, peduncled, erect,
somewhat compressed, seeund, Bractes ; exterior, four rows,
oval, with a broad, white, membranaceous margin ; the two.
rows on the back of the spike neuter ; the two on the fore-part. cs :
embracing the flowers; the calyx of. each flower is also em- :
braced laterally by two smaller lanceolate bractes. Flowers
alternate, pale rose-coloured. | Corol, stamens, pistil. and se
ates as in J. procumbens, which it much peveat lege
ss) procumbens. Linn, sp. pl. ed, Willd, kL 8%...
Justicias. DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA,’ 3 133.
four-sided, Bractes lanceolate;, nigids a
rate, ipeahwi9 ges:
Euphrasia, Alsines angustiore ai, &e, Pluk, Al 142.
t. 56. f. 3.
- Very common on pasture sient over tho coast, of: Dido
mandel ; flowering most part of the year. ©) 9) ym) &
~ Root often perennial. Siems many, : sitetiliogy jointed,
five-striated, often rooting at the joints, extremities sub-erect =
_ size very various, but generally from six to twelve inches
long. Leaves opposite, sub-sessile, from round to linear-lan-’
ceolate, entire, a little downy ; size various. Spikes terminal,
erect, four-sided. Flowers opposite, decussate, small, rose
colour, Braetes three-fold, lanceolate. Calyx; upper di-
visions very minute. Corol; tube short; upper lip erect,
two-cleft; under lip broad, three-parted. Nectary a yellow
ring surrounding the base of the germ. Anthers double;
the lower calcarate or sharp-pointed. — Stigma ns bifid,
Capsules four-seeded, two in each cell. riot 200 hee
Obs. When this plant grows in wet places, ialeitihedago
ther another species, being many times larger, nearly erect,
with linear-lanceolate leaves. I believe Dr. Konig described
this:variety as a distinct species, under the name of J. juncea,
1845 pels
Ei Fs MA sys +
(29. J. quinqueangularis. Kin, MSS. 0
Perennial in a dry soil; branches five-sided. Leaves ses-:
sile, lanceolate. Spikes sengiiniel: Bractes linear. ———
rather larger than the bractes, four-seeded.. pitty
-vA native of the borders of penpesenernates Seitndeonsiy it
is but little removed from neprtncitios beamline oe ,
a
. Bractes five-fold, broad, whit mene.
brane-bordered ; lower anthers calcarate,
¥3
+.
134 _ DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Justicia, .
‘Compare with J. parviflora. Retz. Obs. 5. p. 9. .
A very beautiful, delicate, diffuse species, growing in shady
places, Flowering time the cold season.
Stems many, diffuse, filiform, round, smooth, jointed.
Branches alternate. Leaves opposite, short-petioled, depend-
ing, lanceolate, entire, smooth; the pair are generally une-.
qual in size. Spikes axillary or terminal, sessile, much short-
er than the leaves, secund, generally three together, the mid-
dle one largest. Flowers very small, bright blue. Bractes,
to each flower five, of different sizes, oval or lanceolate, with
_ beautiful white, membranaceous margins. Coro/ ; upper lip
entire, acute. Anthers, the lower one of each filament has a
long obtuse horn from the — end. aaa four-seeded,
two in each:cell, we
- 81. J. lamifola. Kin. MSS. . frrericrereiitegd 9
‘Whole plant very downy, procumbent, annual. Leaves’
oval, Spikes terminal, imbricated, Calyx four-leaved.
Found in the vicinity of Calcutta, in uncultivated shady
places.
Root fibrous. Stems and branches very iil are.
spreading close’on the earth, clothed with long soft hair, and
down, somewhat’ glutinous, length from one to three feet.)
Leaves opposite, sub-sessile, oval, entire, clothed and gluti-
nous like the branches; about an inch' long. » Spikes termi-
nal, oblong, closely insbiiendotl with the bractes, and flowers. __
Flowers numerous, small, variegated with deep and light =
purple. Bractes ovate, one-flowered, hairy, clammy. Calyx —
four-leaved, the under leaflet with its apex bifid. Corolrin- a
gent. Tube gibbous ; throat compressed ;\upper lip'twos
parted, and streaked with deep purple ; under lip broad, and:
. three-parted. /ilaments short, inserted into the mouth of the
tube. Anthers twin, singly oval, and all equal. » Stigma of
vo, broadish, mopreulints lobes, aie conical, —_
hg (tt.
the — ofa Beleriand she stm of :
Gratiola, DIANDRIA MONOGYNTA, 135
Dianthera, Mr. R. Brown informs me that he thought it
would belong to a new genus, which he calls Nelsonia
82. J. verticillata, R.
Erect, hairy, spines verticelled with their apices bifid , or
trifid. Leaves petioled, ovate, Flower minotigst the verticils
of spines, sub-sessile, .
‘Hind, Custoola, ;
‘Found by Dr. Hunter in the vicinity of Onjein, i in a
and flower in March, :
. <GRATIOLA. Schreb. gen. N. 37.
Corol one-petalled, irregular, Sterile filaments two, affix-.
ed to the lower lip of the corol. Anthers double, and comnect-
ed. Capsules superior, two-celled, two-valved. Seeds nu-
merous.
1. G. amara, R. .
Annual (in Bengal), creeping. Line otal alld:
serrate, Peduneles axillary, four to six-flowered. Calyx
four-leaved, exterior pair cordate, inner subulate, apices of
the sterile filaments frée. Capsule ovate, hid in the oui
Caranga amara. Vahl, enum, vol. 1. 100. ‘
“Serratula amara. Rumph. Amb, 5. p. 459. t. 170. f 1.
which has been seas - mistake, I presume, for seaarainns
ria indiea,
* This pretty plant has ane accidentally imtroduced into
the Botanic garden, among spice and other plants from a |
Moluccas, Flowering time the cold season. ce
~ Root fibrous, Stems and branches creeping, with stiles
tremities sub-erect, —— — spines Leaves’ op-
inches long. ern ay gra rather cox than :
the petioles, supporting at their extremities, two or three pairs Za
r4
136 DIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA,, Gratiola,
of opposite pedicelled flowers. Bractes small, oblong, one
under the insertion of each pedicel. Calyx of two pair of
opposite leaflets; ewterior pair large, cordate, often notched ;
the upper one larger, and incumbent over the rest of the
calyx, and all:the corol except the under lip ; inner or lateral
pair, linear-lanceolate, and much smaller than. the exterior
pair. Corol bilabiate ; tube contracted at the middle ; upper
hip straight, narrow, with a two-lobed apex ; "under lip broad,
three-lobed, drooping. Samina, the fertile pair of filaments
lodged under the upper lip of the corol with twin anthers,
adhering by pairs, the sterile pair from the under lip, with
large yellow, free, clavate apices. Stigma two-lobed. Cap-
sules ovate, two-celled, hid between the exterior leaflets of
the calyx. Seed numerous, very small, _.
Obs. As Rumphius observes, the leaves of. this plant are
exceedingly bitter, and might no doubt answer valuable.
purposes in medicine.
2. G. grandiflora, Linn, sp. pl. ed, Willd. 1. 105. Corom.
pl. 2s NV 179.
Annual, creeping. Leaves sessile, broad-lanceolate, poi
ed, serrate. lowers axillary, solitary. Capsules linear. ;
A native of moist places, Flowers during the wet and cold 2
ey several, ceils cavepings | = -sided,. b; fro
six to twelve inches long. Leaves. opposite, sessile, ailoi,
sharply-serrate, pointed, smooth. Peduncles axillary, about
half the length of the leaves, ere¢t, one-flowered, Flowers
light blue. Corol; tube cylindric, zpper lip entire; under.
lip broad, three-parted. Stamens, the two fertile filaments
lodged under the upper lip, approaching archways, _An-
thers twin, united ; the sterile filaments resting on the under
lip,and adhering to it, yellow, curved, Capsules tnceviahas
| lange: than the calyx,
Gratiola, DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA,- 137
3. G, alata, R. ra !
Annual. Leaves petioled, ovate, soebetuniiiads: (ol
terminal. Calyx five-toothed, and five-winged. Sterile fila-
ment free. Capsule linear, hid in the calyx.
A native of the Moluccas, is one of the largest of our Indian
Gratiolas,and readily known by the five large membranace-
ous wings whith run the whole length of the calyx.
Ane, involucrata, Re ka
Leaves unequally petioled, round-cordate, with inant
rounded lobes, many-nerved, serrulate, villous.. Flowers
collected into loniyg peduncled, bracted heads... Sterile. fila-
ments free. Capsule hid in the villous, gibbous, five-toothert
calyx.
This species is also a native of the Mrkuenan ;
5. G. rotundi — Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd, 1. 103. Cat, -
3. N. 204,
Annual, seit Leaves wadeilie round-cudiiad ined
tate. Peduneles axillary, Saha nit ad the leaves,
Capsules globular...
A native of moist places, appearing and flowering during
the wet and cold seasons,
Stems erect, four-sided, from four to six inches high, asian
opposite, sub-sessile, round-cordate, serrate, or notched, a _
little hairy, Flowers axillary, or between the leaves, white.
Peduncles longer than the leaves. Corol ; stamens and stigma _
as in the ines species... Capsules round, as high as the .
6. G. intogrifolia. Risicds 120% sii
Annual, while young straight afterwards sling i four-
sided, Leaves sessile, ovate, ed, entire. Pedun-
clisigga
eat Rheed. Mal. 9. 1.57.
bit ag
138 DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Gratiola,
A native of Bengal, where it appears as a weed in gardens,
during the rains.
7. G. lucida, Linn. sp. pl. ed, Willd. 1. 103. Ind. pl. 3.
N. 202.
Amnual, spreading, four-sided. Leaves petioled, ovate-cor-
date, serrate, Flowers long-peduneled, axillary} and terminal.’
Capsules ovate, hid in the calyx.
Crusta olle minor. Rumph, Amb. 5. p. 460. t. 170. f. 3).
~ Annual, and like the rest; appearing in moist places aed
the rainy season.
- Stem scarcely. any. Branches generally opposite, diffuse,
four'sided, from six to twelve inches long. Leaves short-pe-
tioled, cordate, serrate, smooth. lowers terminal, and also
from the exterior axills, long-peduncled, of a bright deep
blue colour. Capsules ovate, rather shorter than the calyx, ~
8. G. veronicifolia, Linn, sp. pl, ed, Willd. 1.103. Corom,:
pl. 2. N. 154.
Annual, while young erect, afterwards creeping. Leaves
sessile, lanceolate, serrate, Spikes terminal. Powers =e
site. Capsules linear, —
Crusta oll major. Rumph. Amb. 5. p. 460. t. 170.¥ 2°
A native of similar paeewee alps dant’ nsec <a
ing time the same. HAAR Sc: MMI ps4 ie ot 4
Stem several, creeping. Dionchelorcce Soir’ ides sells
from six to eight inches long... Leaves opposite, ‘sessile, de-
cussate, oblong, glandular, smooth, fleshy, fine and most
sharply serrate ; serratures ending in a minute bristle, .Ra-
cemes terminal. Flowers opposite, decussated, of a violet
colour, Corol, &c. as in the last species,
“9. G, racemosa, R. -
“Annual, erect, Leaves sub-sessile, Hnectebhdiconkatia pre
Racemes terminal, brachiate. Flowers long-pedicelled,
Capsules linear, three or four page fnereea aly: i bey
Gratiola, DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 139
» A native of cultivated land over various parts of India, ap-
pearing: in the rainy season. ) (ad betas;
10. G. oppositifolia, Linn, sp. pl, ed. Willd, 1. 105, Co-
rom. pl, 2. N. 155.
. Annual, sub-erect. Lower leaves opposite to each other or
to a one-flowéred peduncle, lanceolate, serrate, Ceaaler
linear, |
.G. oppositifolia, Retz. Obs. t. 4. N. 5.
A native of moist pasture ground, Flowering in the wet
season,
» Stems several, nearly erect, ramous, four-sided, smooth ;
from three to six inches high. Leaves sessile, opposite to each
other, or a flower, linear-lanceolate, serrate, smooth, , Pedun-
cles leaf-opposed, or opposite to each other, short, horizontal,
clubbed. | Bractes solitary, embracing the insertion of the.
peduncle. Flowers small, blue. _Anthers two pairs united,
Sterile ‘filaments small, white. Capsules linear, twice the
—- pec : ee
pra silent faapeided: satin. plate opposite, stem-
clasping, oblong, smooth, most acutely serrate. Racemes in
the division of the branches, and terminal, noe patency:
Capsules linear, diverging. eid
. Beng. Bhoomz-nim.
-Pee-tsjanga-puspum. Rheed. Mal. § 9. t. 59. is eesien
ly like this plant, though quoted by Linnzeus for Ruellia an-.
tipoda, which I have never met with, if this be not it,
. A native of Bengal, and in flower during the rains...
» Root annual, Stem erect, four-sided, ramous, smooth, from.
two to eight inches high. | Leaves opposite, sessile, or stem-
140 DIANDRIA MONOGYNIAL Gratiola,
lanceolate, the lower pair of the racemes dentate. Calyx
parted half way. Corol, upper lip small, incumbent... Cap-
sules lanceolate, twice the length of the calyx.
12. G, reptans. R. :
Annual, creeping. Leaves opposite, from oblong to round,
serrate, Racemes terminal, Sterile filaments free. _—
linear,
A native of the Moluccas; from thence introduced into oh
Botanic garden, where it. blossoms during the rains.
Stems and branches round, smooth, ad creeping close to:
the earth, with short, (about-an inch long) floriferous, erect
shoots, Leaves opposite, sub-sessile, on the creeping shoots
round, on the erect flower-bearing ones oblong; with rounded:
apices ; all serrate, and smooth on both sides. Peduneles or ra~
cemes terminal, on the short, erect shoots, bearing several,
approximate pairs of short-pedicelled, opposite, large, pale.
bluish pink flowers. Bractes opposite, one-flowered, ovate.
Calyx five-leaved. Corol with an enlarged throat, and rin-
gent border; upper lip of one pale coloured segment ; un-
der lip broad, deeper coloured, and three-parted, Sterile fi-.
laments large, yellow, clavate, with the apices a little reeurv-
ed, perfectly free. Stigma of two, thin, broad, round lobes.»
Capsule linear, as long as the calyx, oe setae )
‘13.6. parviflora, R. Corom. pl. N. 208,» a Bic!
2 |, erect, ramous, Leaves sessile, ovate-oblong, Ste. ae
nawedl sertate, Flowers’ long-pedubeled, solitary: — A
filaments two-cleft. Capsules oblong. | z
Stems erect, ramous, four-sided ; with their Stiin acute,
about six inches high, Leaves opposite, sessile, ovate-oblong, —
slightly serrate, acute, when large three-nerved. Flowers — i
axillary, ‘solitary, fong-pédunicled, small. Ihave seensome =
la with white flowers, and others with blue ee ae
_Gratiolay DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Al
14, G. Monnieria, Linn; sp. pl. ed. Willd. 1. 102.
Annual, creeping. Leaves sessile, long, obovate, buntive:
Peduncles axillary, solitary, one-flowered. Calya' seven-
leaved. Corol campanulate ; stamina four,
Beng. Adha-birni.
Teling. Sambrani-chittoo,
A native of moist places, borders of brooks, &c. Flowering
time the wet and cold seasons.
Stems several, annual, eréeping, round, jointed, very, ra-
mous, smooth, succulent. Leaves opposite, sessile, obovate,
wedge-shaped, or oblong, smooth, entire, obtuse, fleshy, dot-
ted with minute spots. Peduncles axillary, alternate, solitary,
round, smooth, shorter than the leaves, one-flowered. Flow-
ers blue. Bractes two-awled, pressing on the calyx laterally.
Calyx five-leaved, the exterior three leaflets large, oblong,
the two interior small, linear, all are concave, smooth, pointed
and permanent, Corel campanulate ; border five-parted,
nearly equal, Stamens as in Didynamia, Anthers two-cleft, 7
at the base, blue. Stigma large, somewhat two-lobed.
Capsule ee Cree: two-valved. Seeds. very numer-
ous,
Obs, This plant oortinly ashe to be placed in the 14th
Glass; it has no one claim, that I can observe, to a pei in :
this genus. —
The natives use the expressed juice mixed with 5 Pate,
to eri on Sl — with thie pata
15. G. Aiaeepiatied Linn. Sp. 125 es ae. I. Bait poste
rom. pl. 2, N.128. 0 : :
Annual, erect. Leaves ocilttii cline chains much she vir
er than the stem joints. Peduwcles —s on oes inear-—
3 ohh . | didi:
{42 DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, © Viricularia,
16, G. Juncea, Corom. pl. 2. N. 129.
Annual, erect, columnar, nearly naked. Lower leaves
lanceolate, stem-clasping ; above minute, The two pair of
anthers not united. Capsules globular.
Like the rest, this species delights in a wet situation, —
it appears and flowers during the rains.
_ Stem erect, almost simple, round, jointed, smooth, from six
to twelve inches high. Leaves opposite, stem-clasping, lanceo-
late, obtuse, entire. Floral leaves minute, triangular, Pe-
duneles axillary, solitary, one-flowered. Flowers rose-colour-
ed, small, Anthers twim, not united. The sterile filaments in
this species stand between the fertile ones, and are very small,
Capsules globular.
17. G. cuneifolia. R.
Annual, erect, simple, nearly naked. Leaves oné pair at
the base, cuneiform, obtuse ; above one or two minute pairs.
Flowers solitary, loliepedan clad. Capsules round,
A native of wet places on the coast of Corompinde, and
nearly allied to G, lobelioides, and juncea,
18. lobelivides. Linn, sp, pl. ed. Willd. 1, AM. Retz,
Obs. 4.7. Vahl. enum. 1. p.92.
_ Annual, on the lower part of. she sienple,stesniencv, ja
two to f four Pal of approximate, lanceolate, entire, sessile
A native of Coromandel, growing in in wet cole during sd
rainy season. ;
UTRICULARIA. Schreb. gen. N. 41,
> ve eaeepitensl Corot mines and | generally alee 2
Utricularia, DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 143
1. U. stellaris, Linn, sp, pl. ed. Willd. 1.113.
Floating, leafless. Scape. with a verticil of bladders.
Corol without a nectary.
Teling. Natsoo, . ;
Grows in. sweet waters, appears and flowers during the
rains, |
Root. conferva-like, swimming. in, and not on the water ;
I have always found small utriculi adhering to its filaments,
_ Scape sub-erect, simple ; raceme above the verticil of bladders,
which rest on the surface of the water, ,
2. U. fasciculata. R.
Floating, leafless. Scapes naked; racemes four to eight-
flowered, Utriculi sub-ovate, two-horned, scattered amongst
_ the fibres of the root. Nectary horn-shaped, ascending to the
edge of the under lip, Capsules beaked, drooping.
Teling, Natsoo,
Beng, Janjee.
Found swimming in stagnant water in the vicinity of Gal.
cutta, at the end of the cold, and beginning of the hot seasons.
Stem jointed, length various, but often extending some
feet, Radicles most numerous, in alternate fascicles, multifid,
filiform, armed with minute, acute bristles pointing forward.
Uiricult scattered, semi-ovate, dotted, becoming black by
age, with two horns from the mouth, Seape erect, from four
to eight inches high, bearing generally from four to eight,
alternate, large, yellow, pedicelled flowers. Bractes ovate,
_ obtuse, one-flowered, Calyx of two large, permanent leaflets, -
- Corol as in the genus, Nectary horn-shaped, blunt, nearly
as long as the under lip, tees oe girl A085
fonnete conical, —" refiecten,
'
144 DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Lycopus,
Beng. Chota-janjee.
Found with the last described in stagnant water near Cal- —
cutta, during the same seasons, A ged smaller plant.
Root of a few, scarcely compound, filiform fibres, and some
scattered, subulate nigrescent utriculi, with two or more fila-
ments from their apices, or mouths, Scape about three inches
high, filiform, naked, generally two-flowered, Flowers yel-
low, small. Calya and corol as in the genus, with the faux
closed, and a horned, ascending nectary as — as the under
Hip... Capsules globular, erect.
*
LYCOPUS. Schreb. gen. N..AA.
Corol four-cleft, with one of the divisions pee rine') Sta-
mine distinct. .Seeds four, retuse.
1. L. dianthera. Buch, : é
Annual, erect, four-sided. Leaves petioled, sins bpothie.
serrate. Calyx bilabiate. :
A native of Nepala; from thence Dr. Buchanan sent the
seeds to this garden, (in 1802,) where the plants thrive dur-
ing the cold season, and blossom in March and April.
_ Stems annual, straight, four-sided ; sides slightly erooved ;
angles somewhat hairy. Branches. axillary, decussate, four-
ideas &e. like the stem ; height of the whole plant
gicin:ginada sds general length about one inch, or mee
va Racemes terminal. | Bractes opposite, lanceolate, one-
flowered. Flowers pedicelled, small, very pale pink, alinost ?
white, Calyx bilabiate; upper lip ascending, tridentate;
lower lip bipartite, and definded with hair on the inside.
Corol; tube short, somewhat four-sided ; upper division of
4 tborder. broad and emarginate ; lateral two of the same |
Salvia. DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 145
tube of the corol. Anthers twin on the long filaments, and
‘ tending to be so on the shorter ones, but very small, and
abortive. Is nearly allied to Thymus.
4
SALVIA. Schreb. gen. N. 50.
Corol irregular. Filaments two-forked ; anthers ‘on the su-
perior ones, Seeds naked,
1. S. Bengalensis, Kon. MSS.
Shrubby. Leaves linear-ovate, lanceolate, entire. Racemes
verticelled, verticils distinct, many-flowered. An anther to
each division of the filaments.
The natives on the Coromandel coast have no name for
it. From Bengal it was introduced into the gardens on the
coast a few years ago, by Mr, Parsons; and is only found in
gardens, where it grows to be a Jarge, straggling shrub.
Trunk seldom erect, woody, sometimes as thick as a man’s
arm. Bark cracked, and peeling off in irregular pieces,
Young shoots downy, round, Leaves as in salvia officinalis, _
Racemes terminal, often compound, verticelled, Verticils
approximate, globular, many-flowered. Flowers white,
Calyx gibbous, downy, three or four-toothed. _ Corol, both
lips recurved, or spreading. Stamens, there are sometimes
three or even four filaments, with their extremities bifid, each
division bearing an oval proper anther.
Obs. The leaves of this plant smell and taste considerably
‘stronger, I think, than those of S S. officinalis, and are applied
to the same uses, ‘ ; ie eet
2; 8; brachiata. R&
oe — brachiate. Leaves ei crenat,tomen-
steering time the ood season.
VOL, I. J
146 DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, — Boerhaavia.
Stem annual, erect, ramous, four-sided, four-grooved, dow-
ny; from one to two feet high. Branches opposite, cross-
armed, ascending. Leaves opposite, petioled, running down
on the petioles, oblong, irregularly crenulate, waved, rugose,
a little downy ; two or three inches long. Racemes terminal,
long, verticélled. Verticils six-flowered, six-bracted, Flow-
ers small, pale purple. Stamens as in the genus, with the
rudiments of two additional sterile filaments between the
large pair. Germ elevated on a large fleshy receptacle.
This plant is slightly aromatic,
cee
“8. S. lanata. R.
Herbaceous, four-sided, villous, - Leaves sessile, ovate-ob-
long, entire, woody. Flowers verticillate.
Found by Colonel Hardwicke on the most elevated moun-
tain near Adwaanee, on the road from Hurdwar to Sirinagur.
Tt is his S. integrifoha, See Asiatic Researches, vol, 6.
p. 349.
Obs. Salvia rosea of Vahl, is the same as S, coccinea, an
American plant, which though in a manner naturalized here, _
"has no right to a place in this Flora.
*
+
BOERHAAVIA. Schreb. gen. N. 13.
*
Calyzx inferior, gibbous, entire, permanent, and becoming |
an enyelope for the seed. Germ one-celled; ovula single,
erect. Corel campanulate, inserted on the ae Seed S0-_
litary. Embryo conduplicate, with inferior radicle, and cen-
tral perisperm.
1. B. procumbens. Herb. Banks. __ .
Root fusiform, perennial. jE as procumbent, smooth, |
Leaves variously cordate, covered with a silver coloured.
pellicle underneath, Flowers terminal, in long-peduncled_ -
heads, Stamina three, .
Sans, Poonurnuva, Shoteghnee,
ery
peor sy rie
Boerhaavia, DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 147
— Beng. (rile fdotia: the red variety ; and Shiwetd-poor.
’ na, the white one.
Talu dama. Rheed, Mal.7. p. 105. t.56, good fora young
luxuriant plant. <
B. diandra, and erecta, Burm, Flor. Ind, p.3.t.1. seem
to be our plant, taken at different ages. —
B. erecta. Gert. Carp. ii. 209. t. 127.
This species, whatever it may be, whether diffusa, erecta,
repanda or diandra, or all of them, is the only one I have yet
found in India. It is not common every where, but is one of
the most troublesome weeds wehave. The Jong, fusiform,
perennial roots, strike so deep, as to render it no easy task to
dig them up. It produces blossoms and ripe seed during the
whole year.
Root perpendicular, fusiform, slender, perennial. Stem
none ; branches many, herbaceous, with alternate, bifarious,
roid smooth, jointed, often coloured branchlets spreading
close on the ground, to an extent of many feet in a good s soil,
but never striking root. Leaves opposite, unequal i in size,
one of the leaves being alternately smaller in each pair; pe-
tioled, variously cordate, margins more or less scalloped, -
waved, and often coloured ; sometimes acute, sometimes ob-
tuse ; all are smooth above, ‘and covered with a silver colour-
ed pellicle underneath; size very various. Petioles shorter
than the leaves, ahamutiodl Peduncles solitary, from the
naked swelled joints between the leaves, but nearest to the
“small leaf. At the ends of the branches, where the joints ap-_
proximate, they are so numerous as to form a panicle, each
supporting’, from one to five, or six small heads of sessile, red
or sto minute flowers. Cah, lyse (apparently the germ), be-
i
fey, th vothed cup, | eo
quires a powerful lens, and much patience to understand the
; J2 .
in the divisions of which acy fleaneieg are inserted. It ay 1 oe
ott tiie
148 DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, _ Fraxinus.
structure of this part of the flower. Filaments generally
three, as long as the style. Anthers of two round lobes, —
Germ oblong, hid in the belly of the calyx, one-celled;
ovulum single, attached to the bottom of the cell. Style
slender. Stigma peltate. Pericarp turbinate, five-sided,
covered with clammy, pedicelled glands, &c. exactly as in —
Geertner’s figures of his Boerhaavia erecta,
Obs. There are two varieties of this plant in Bengal ; one
with red, the other with white flowers ; in other respects they
are the same. In the St, Helena plant, B. repanda of the :
Hortus Bengalensis, the leaves are more angular, the inflores-
cence terminal, racemes yerticélled, with one bracte only to
cart pedicel, ~
FRAXINUS.
-Polygamous. Calyx none, or four-parted. Corot none, or»
four-petalled. Samara one-seeded, with lanceolate wings.
1. F. chinesis. R.
Arboreous, with erect branches. Leaflets from three to
seven, lanceolate, serrate. Panicles axillary, and terminal,
Flowers without petals. '
A native of China, from thence introduced into the Bota-
nic garden by the late Col, Robert Kyd, prior to 1793:
where they blossom in April, but have not pias me or
~ even full grown seed vessels.
Our small trees have little or no trunk ; but several, hect,
‘aight branches and branchlets ; giving an entire height of
from ten to twelve feet. Leaves opposite, pinnate, and ternate,
Leaflets from three to seven, opposite, lanceolar, serrate,
smooth, The pairs short-petioled,.much smaller and shorter
in proportion to their breadth than the terminal one, which is
protruded on a longer*winged petiolet, Petioles channelled,
eae, with a marginal wing. Panieles axillary, and
_ termin i pel, 2 Sons and* composed of most slender,
, sub-verticelled ramifications, alate 2
Ligustrum. DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. wae
in all four-toothed.. Corel none, Filaments in the complete-
ly hermaphrodite flower much longer than the calyx. In the
female wanting, or abortive, and hid within thecalyx. Male
flowers not rey Germ ovate. Style long, and curved,
Stigma. emarginate, | at
LIGUSTRUM,
Corol ur-clef Berry HEF of two cells with two seeds
in each cell.
1, Limepalense Wall.
Leaves ovate, or ovate-oblong, acuminate, villous below.
Panicle terminal, villous, consisting of sub-erect crowded
racemes,
__. A native of the mountains of Nepala, where it is called _
Goomgacha and grows to be a considerable tree, producing
profuse clusters of white, sweet smelling flowers from April
to June ; berries ripen in four to six months.
Tewashies round, opposite, ash-coloured, dotted with cal-
lous spots ; all the younger parts covered with abundance of
soft hairs, Leaves opposite, spreadmg, on very short chan-
nelled petioles, varying considerably in size and figure,
mostly ovate with a rounded base, sometimes oblong or
lanceolar, generally tapering into a long apex, terminated
by a short cylindric poit; from one to two, or even three
inches long, of a firm texture, shining above, densely villous
underneath, when old entirely smooth, with very fine remote
_herves communicating with each other in reticulated arches
hear the margin. Panicle somewhat contracted, ovate, from
four to six inches long, sessile, consisting of pretty crowc e
racemes, the uppermost very short and alternate. Peduncles
—_ villous, es a decidiunns aeunl) lanceolate bracte un-
F ch division. Flo 10rt Hed, ‘smooth, dispos-
oH in ‘small bun sii Calyx truncate, with four hardly dis-
: Gamble, teeth. ord: tube equalling the calyx ; segments —
33
oe
1 DIANDRIA TRIGYNIA, Piper.
of the limb spreading, lanceolate, acute, twice as long as the
tube, Stamina almost as long as the corol ; filaments insert-
ed within its mouth between two opposite fissures ; anthers
oblong, bursting lengthways on both sides, Pisti/ shorter
than the stamina, smooth ; ovarium roundish, two-celled, with
two pendulous ovula in each cell; style short ; stigma fleshy,
oblong, acute, Berries oval, dark blue, with a beautiful
bloom on them, rather smaller than those of the common Pri-
vet ; pulp brown, Seeds one or two; cotyledons broad-ovate.
In other respects like those of Ligustrum. Gert. Carp. ii.
72. tab, 92.
Obs. This species differs from L. japonicum, Thunb. and
lucidum, Ait. in the figure and villosity of its leaves and the
contracted shape of its panicle. It may perhaps be found
the same as L, sinense, Lour. especially if the racemes, which
_in the flora Cochin-chinensis are attributed to that tree, are
considered as panicles, which indeed has been done by the
illustrious author of that article in Rees’s New Cyclopeedia, ©
VERBENA. See Didynamia Angiospermia.
DIANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
- PIPER. Schreb. gen. N. 59.
Ament filiform, imbricated with peltate s scales, Corol none.
Germ, one-celled, with a single, erect ovulum. .. «
seeded. Embryo i inverse, and furnished with an ample pe i
1. P. nigrum. Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. 1. 159. © i
' Leaves bifarious, obliquely ovate-cordate, acuminate, po-
lished, from five to seven-nerved, ae
Pepper-vine, Marsden’s History of Sumatra, p, 105. | |
Molago-codi. Rheed, Mal. 7. 23. t. 12. a
Sans oe Mureechung, Mourichangs. Kole,
Piper. DIANDRIA TRIGYNIA. 15l
Hind, and Bit Murich, or ——
Tam. Moloovoo-kodi.
Pers, Pilpil.
Arab, Filfil.
Malay. Ladda,
Cultivated in various parts of India, and its Islands,
2. P. trioicum, RY
Tricecous, shrubby, rooting. Leaves bifarious, obliquely-
ovate, acuminate, from five toseven-nerved, glaucous, Aments
leaf-opposed, cylindric, pendulous,
- ‘Teling. Murial-tiga.
Roots long, striking deep into the earth, Stem jointed,
winding, when old woody, and scabrous, running along the
ground to a great extent, or up trees, &¢, when trained to
‘them; from each joint issue roots which take firm hold of-
whatever they meet with. Branches numerous, alternate ;
the young ones smooth, the old ones woody, and scabrous
like the stem. Leaves alternate, petioled, cordate, broad-
oval, ovate, or oblong, pointed, from five to seven-nerved,
(generally five,) above, smooth and glossy, below, lighter
coloured, often somewhat bubbled, from four to six inches °
long, and from two to four broad, Petioles channelled,
smooth, an inch or an inch and a half long. Stipules selitary,
spathiform, falling off when the leaf begins to be unfolded.
‘Maze Puant. Calyx an ament, leaf-opposed, odtincled,
filiform, pendulous, closely imbricated with five spiral rows,
of fleshy, oval, one-flowered scales, Scales oblong, peltate,
“ sessile, one-flowered. Corol none. Filaments three, very :
thie, and very orth scarcely elevating the Gathers thoxe
than in ‘ie ade: dinbricated with
Ace pid rows of scales, Scales as in the male. Corol none. 3
34 :
152 DIANDRIA TRIGYNIA, Piper,
Stamens none. Germ sessile, globose, immersed in the sub-
stance of the ament. Style none. Stigma three-lobed, white,
glandular. Pericarp,a small, round, red, somewhat eae
berry. Seed one, globose.
Obs, When I described the three vines included in this one
species, I had not seen Piper nigrum, and took it for granted
that this was it; but as soon as I had:an opportunity of see-
ing that famous plant, | was immediately convinced that they
were distinct species. In ¢riotcwm, the leaves havea glaucous
appearance, which readily distinguishes it from P, nigrum,
which has shining dark green leaves. 7
This vine I have found wild amongst the chainof mountains —
directly north from Coringa, in the Raja-mrundri Circar. It
delights in a moist, rich soil, well shaded with trees; to them
it adheres most firmly, by means of the roots which issue.
from the joints, Flowering time, in their wild state, during
the latter part of the wet season, September and October,
The pepper ripenssin March, With me, inacultivated state,
they flower almost all the year round, but chiefly AyORE the |
fore-mentioned period. 3
Lhave not met with any author, or any sort of informeatOh :
that could lead me to think black pepper was the produce of
a dicecous plant, (male and female on distinct vines,) till upon
examination, I found it was so. ‘Attention to this circum-
stance will, 1 think, render the culture of pepper much more -
certain, and successful, viz, by planting to each prop tree a
male and female plant, the male on the sides from whence —
the most prevailing wind blows; and the female. on. the
other, | rs
The vegetable world is full of proofs ‘that the otha id
system of the immortal ‘Linngeuas is founded. on the soundest
principles; and not a single plant have I ever found in
India, that does not corroborate this fact, The Arabians “i
rom time immemorial knew, that to render the Srostet Hates
Piper. DIANDRIA TRIGYNIA. 153
female flower, just before it is ready to burst and thrusting
therein a branch of the male spadix. 1 have therefore the
utmost reason to conclude the pepper vine will be much more
productive, if the above-mentioned circumstance be attend-
ed to, by the cultivators, I think, if the Malays in Sumatra
bad known it, the accurate Mr, Marsden would not have ne-
glected mentioning so material a circumstance, when describ-
ing this plant, and the method of cultivating it there.
Soon after the above description was made, I found a
third vine bearing aments with hermaphrodite flowers; or
hermaphrodiie and female flowers mixed on the same aments,
At the same time I found that the pepper of the female vine
did not ripen properly, but dropped while green, and imma-
ture from the plant, and that when dried it, had not so much
pungency as common pepper, whereas the pepper of this
third sort ripens perfectly, when dry is exceedingly pun-
* gent; and has been, by pepper merchants at Madras, reckon-
ed equal, if not superior to the best pepper of the Malabar
coast, or Ceylon; consequently this must be the sort that is —
found cultivated ; the whey two bana k conjectare, —
_ neglected,
This hermaphrodite lone grows wild, with the male and
female, in the moist, uncultivated, over-run shady vallies, ap
amongst the mountains ; and also upon the mountains, where ©
springs keep them moist. Such places are common in the —
cliffs of the rocks, and there the vines thrive with the greatest —
luxuriance. In its stem, branches, leaves, and stipules, it-
agrees perfectly with the other two. The aments are also
the same in every respect, except that here are four spiral
rows ‘of flowers ; the scales of the ament are as in the other
two, viz, the oak and female — nase ‘ ms
Unibet oils the Spex of cath bei Ceri?
i globular, immersed in the substance of the ament. Style
Cy DIANDRIA TRIGYNIA, Piper,
none. Stigmas three, spreading. Berry globular, size of a
small pea, red, smooth, one-celled. ‘Seeds solitary.
3. P. longum. Willd. 1. 161. :
- Dieecous, shrubby, creeping. Lower. leaves petioled,
broad-cordate, floral leaves sessile, stem-clasping, oblong-cor-
date ; all are from five to nine-nerved. =~ ;
Cutta-tirpali, Rheed. Mal. 7. p. 27. t. 14.
Sans. Krishna, Oopukoolya, Videhee, Magudhee, a" :
Kuna, Ooshuna, Pippulee, Shoundee, Kola. :
. Beng. Pippul, the root Pippwla-moola.
English. Long pepper.
Pippul-chittoo is the Telinga name of the plant and Pip.
puloo the pepper.
The plant I have found wild amongst bushes, on the banks
of water courses, up towards the Circar mountains, It flow-
ers and bears fruit during the wet and cold seasons, * Ki
Root woody, perennial. Stems many, creeping, jointed,
round ; joinis swelled; young shoots downy. Branchlets
bearing the fruit are erect, with the leaves sessile, or nearly
so. Leaves on the creeping branches largest, petioled, broad-«
' cordate, seven-nerved ; on the erect, fruit-bearing branchlets
(floral leaves) stem-clasping, oblong-cordate, five-nerved ;
all are smooth, somewhat wrinkled ; below pale green ; size
various, Stipules of the petioled Leaves two, joining length-
ways to the petioles, lanceolate; of the sessile a
the leaf, single, spathiform, 6 semereest
_ FEMALE riowers. Ament sessile, Aeaboppalees pedir, a
erect, cylindric, imbricated with five, or more, spiral rows of
small, orbicular, permanent, | peltated, one-flowered scales.
Calyx none. Corol none. Stamens none. Germs numerous,
aggregate, sessile, sub-orbicular, Style none or exceedingly
_ short, Stigmas three or four-lobed. Pericarp aggregate, sub-
: ‘sylindrical, pommpones of iemsly united, one-seeded — i
a only ofr as Vhave been able 1 :
Piper, DIANDRIA TRIGYNIA, | 155
learn, that this plant is cultivated for its pepper. When the
pepper (ament) is full grown, it is gathered and daily expos-
ed to the sun, till perfectly dry; after which it is packed up
in bags for sale. .
The roots, and thickest parts of the creeping stems, when
cut into small pieces and dried, forma considerable article of
commerce all over India, under the name of Pippula moola ;
for which purpose it is particularly cultivated in many of the
vallies amongst the Circar mountains. This sort is more
esteemed, and bears a higher price than that of Bengal;
’ where by far the largest proportion is cultivated. — It is, as
well as the pepper, chiefly employed medicinally, and the
consumption of both these drugs is very great.
~ . CurtivaTion 1n Bencat., The long pepper is not pro-
ry
pagated by seed, but by suckers, and requires to be cultivat-
ed upon a rich, high, and dry soil. The suckers are trans-
planted soon after the setting in of the periodical rains, and
the pepper (which is preserved merely by drying it in the
sun), is gathered in the month of January, after which the.
stalk, and branches of the plant wither, and the roots only re-
-main alive. A bigha of land (the third of an English acre)
will yield in the first year about a maund (eighty-four
pounds) of the pepper, in the second year four maunds ; and
in the third, six ; after which, as the plant becomes annually
less and less productive, the roots are grubbed up, dried, and
sold ; and fresh roots, or young shoots are set in their stead,
the entth requiring merely a slight covering of manure. The
plants. are never to be watered, and at the commencement of
the hot season the roots are to be carefully covered. with
_ Straw to preserve them against the heat of the sun. a :
plants should be set about five feet asunder. Large quanti
tiee.of this, pepper. and-aleo ofthe soute ane 9% aa rt _*
156 DIANDRIA TRIGYNIA, . Piper,
plant brinjals (Solanum melongena), in the intermediate space
between the plants,
A. P: Chaba, W. Hunter in Asiat. Res,.ix. 391. - af
Shrubby, creeping. Leaves short-petioled, ovate-lanceolate,
base unequal, scarcely triple-nerved ; aments leaf-opposed,
erect, cylindrico-conical, firm and fleshy.
Sans. Chuvyung, Chuvika, Chuvee, Chavikung.
- Beng, Choee.
Piper longum. Rumph. Amb. 5. p. 333. ts 16.f.1.
Obs. Cattu-tirpali. Rheed. Mal. 7. p. 27.t. 14. represents
a very different species, the fruit of which is also used over |
the continent of India, and particularly in the western part
thereof, as long pepper, and is much cultivated in Bengal, —
chiefly for its root, which the natives call Pippula. Wood-
ville’s figure, in his Medical Botany, is very bad, for it an-
swers neither to this, nor P. longum, Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd,
161. which may be called the long pepper of the continent
of India, Blackwell’s figure is still worse.
5. P. sylvaticum. R. . :
Leaves all. petioled, broad-cordate, from five to seven-nerv-
ed, obtuse ; lobes of the base large, equal, circular, Aments
erect, short-peduncled, columnar ; male flowers tetrandrous.
A native of the mountains on the north-west border of Ben-
gal, where the natives call it Pahari peepul, or mountain
long pepper, and use it, both green and ripe, in their dishes.
In the Botanic apeatees: it — = the antes ojucpeeee
ing the rain ee
Root perennial, Stem or ails bdisidlicn creeping on. the
ground, or rooting on trees like Ivy, and most of the East In-
dia species of pepper ; all the young parts polished. Leaves
alternate, petioled, equally-cordate, obtuse, from five to seven-
; = es from three to five inches aren me from two to
Piper. _DIANDRIA TRIGYNIA, | 157
opposed, short-peduncled, or columnar, slender. Scales one-
flowered. Corol none. Filaments generally four, oval, fleshy,
very short. Anthers one-celled, Germ none, Female aments
on a different plant, leaf-opposed, short, peduncled, cylin-
dric. Germ oval, orie-celled, ovula single, erect, that is, at-
tached directly to the bottom of the cell.
G6. P. peepuloides, R.
Leaves equally-ovate, and ieleacoolate, chit -petiilied,
from three to fiye-nerved, smooth, acuminate, -Aments sub-
sessile, cylindric.
Pippul the vernacular name in Silhet, and on the adjacent
range of mountains where it is indigenous, and considered the
Pippul, or long pepper of that country, and as such is used
in medicine, &c. It differs specifically, no doubt, from the
long pepper plant of lower Bengal, as well as from that of
Rumpbhius, called P. Chaba by Dr. W. Hunter, who found
‘itcommon on the Island of Pulo-Pinang. It is immediately
known from P. longum by the shape of the .leaves, as well
_ by their being all equally petioled ; and from P. Chaba, by
both sides of the base being equal, or nearly so; whereas in
Chaba the lower side ismuch larger and longer.
Root perennial. Stems and alternate branches creeping,
young shoots smooth, Leaves alternate, short-petioled, from
ovate-oblong to lanceolate, entire, acuminate; generally five-
nerved, of which the exterior two are minute, and when
absent the leaf is perfectly three-nerved, from three to five
inches long, by from one to three broad. Stipules stem-clasp-
ing and petiolary. The female aments have only been found,
which induces me to think this species is dicecous, as most of
them are; they are short-peduncled, solitary, and directl;
i rei the leaves, bos hive no wag gee ‘in ‘common
perm con iis NG sd ied Mir yethaatd idged in ait
tle hollow in the apex of the perisperm. :
58 DIANDRIA TRIGYNIA. Piper.
7. P. Betle. Linn, sp. pl. ed, Willd. 159.
Perennial, dicecous, creeping.” Leaves alternate, bifarious,
cordate, from five to seven-nerved, smooth, entire. ———
aments sub-cylindric, drooping. ;
P. qui saururus, &c. Burm. Zeyl. p. 193, t. 83. i 2.
Beetla-codi. Rheed. Mal. 7, 29. t. 15.
Sans, Tambooluvullee, Tamboolee, Naguvullee.
Hind, and Beng. Pan.
I have never met with this plant in its wild state, Itis—
much cultivated over India and the Malay countries,
Root woody, ramous. Stems woody, creeping on the
earth, or rising up trees, poles, &e, when carefully trained
to them ; smooth in every part; innumerable roots issue from
the joints, by which the plant is well supported after they have
taken hold. Leaves alternate, petioled, bifarious, from broad-
cordate to obliquely ovate-oblong, somewhat pointed, from
five to seven-nerved, entire, smooth ; from four to six inches
long, and from two to four broad. Petioles of various lengths,
and channelled. Stipules as in P. nigrum. Female aments
leaf-opposed, peduncled, filiform, sub-pendulous, closely .
imbricated with several spiral rows of scales, and corollets, —
_ exactly as in P. trioicum. The male flowers 1 have n never |
found, 5
Obs, The plants are Sala raised from the slips, and
cuttings, these are carefully planted in a rich moist soil, well
inclosed, and shaded, so that they are in great measure, pro-
tected from both sun and wind, In some places, small plan-
tations of Zschynomene grandiflora, are made to train them
to, and to keep off the sun; in others, poles are employed for —
the first, and a thin shed of mats over them for the latter pur- ‘
pose, they require to be frequently watered during the dry
weather, Every history of India describes, and every body __
knows, the use the Hindoos of all ranks make of the leaves
of see plant.
‘
Piper. DIANDRIA TRIGYNIA, 159 |
8. P. Cubeba, Gert. Carp. ii. 67. Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd,
. 159.
Shrubby, creeping. leben petioled, gitabmte
' scarcely triple-nerved. ments leaf-opposed, on peduncles
longer than the petioles, Berries pedicelled,.
Piper canninum, Rumph, Amb. 5. t. 28.,f. 2.
A native of Prince of Wales’ Island and the countries to
the eastward of the Bay of Benet; ;
9. P: a R.
Creeping, every part very woolly. Leaves nolioled; ovate-
lanceolate, scarcely three-nerved. .Aments leaf-opposed, one-
peduncled, as long as the petioles, Berries pedicelled,
clavate.
A native of the Malay Archipelago.
10. P. methysticum, Linn. sp, pl. ed. Willd. 161.
Leaves short-petioled, from salient to obliquely re-enter-
ing, cordate, from seven to nine-nerved, entire,smooth, =~
A native of the Malay Archipelago. There is no doubt
but this is the Sirium decumanun. Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 27. but
whether it be the South Sea Island intoxicating species, I
_ cannot: take upon me to say. The leaves are often a foot
“Jong, by six or eight inches broad, on sheathing petioles not
more than a an inch long. Ihave not seen ees fruit.
“11. P. arborescens. R.
Arboreous, creeping. Leaves petioled, ovate-elliptic, acute, —
five-nerved. .Aments leaf. opposed, long, slender, cylindric, ‘ a
on peduncles about as long as the petioles.
Sirium arborescens tertium, iyi ae Amb. ba “ , 28, ee
A. native of the Mou ca Islands. egos
2 * Shrubby, sigan Leaves shor-petle, broad-tanecoe
‘i
160 DIANDRIA TRIGYNIA, Piper.
late, prominently five-nerved, smooth, sdments. leat opposed,
long-peduncled, filiform. ns
‘A native of the Molucca Islands,
13. P. Malamiris. Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd. 160.
Shrubby, creeping. Leaves: rather long-petioled, from
salient to re-entering, cordate, five or seven-nerved. Aments
Jeaf-op posed, filiform, on peduncles that are zeacrany —
er then the petioles, ;
. Amalago. Rheed. Mal. 7. t.16. hoa
» Sirium. Rumph, Amb. 5, t.116. f. 2. is no doubt P. Beile,
| 5 must be excluded. fom the list of ne
——s to this — |
14, P. rostratum, Rv Ss anh ie SERRE Armee 2329
_ Creeping, tender parts hairy, pais short-petioled, obo-
vate, cuneate, obtuse-pointed, villous, five or seven-nerved,
downy, meeting above the base. ments leaf-opposed, short-
peduncled. Berries beaked,
A native of the Moluccas.
1. P. diffusus, Vahl. enum. pl. 1. 333. 4
Leaves long-petioled, round-cordate, sharp- pointed, five or
seven-nerved, smooth. | Aments cylindric, short-peduncled.
Sirium frigidum, Rumph. Amb. 5. 345, i. sin nine a
“: native of the Moluccas.
*
16,P. sarmentosum., R, . io aiacliinaame:
Erect, ramous at the top, darmentose. docwel from wall
cordate to oblong, smooth, five-nerved, the superior ones sub-
sessile. /4ments leaf-opposed, short-peduncled,
_ P. latifolium, Hunter in Asiat, Res. ix. 392.
-. Gadu, Cando, or Gudukh, of the Malays, ae
_ A native of the Malay Islands, and brought by Mr. Smith fe
in oth Brericgncien, where | it cheives + eis and ae
Piper. DIANDRIA TRIGYNTA. 161
Siems erect, from six to eighteen inches high, ramous:at top,
jointed, and smooth. Sarmentose shoots’ of a great length,
issuing im abundance from the top of the root, and the lower
part of the stem, by which the plant is quickly propagated to
any extent. Leaves alternate, the lower ones petioled, broad,
re-entering, cordate ; the upper ones sub-sessile, obliquely-ob-
long’; all are sitigott) on both sides, and shining on the upper
one, Aments solitary, opposite to the leaves, short-peduncled,
oblong, very small, being rarely more than a quarter of an
inch long. ‘Germs oval, one-celled ; ovulum one attached by
the base to the bottom of the cell. Fruit compound, sub-cy-
lindric, about the size of an infant’s finger, when ripe softish,
and of a dark green or livid colour. Berries numerous, most
of the germs prove abortive, one-celled. Seed solitary, oval,
attached to the bottom of the cell. Integuments single, thin,
light brown. Perisperm conform to the seéd, friable. Em-
bryo shape of ¢small broad inverted cone sang in the bea
of the e pattie Radicle superior.
Ve ee angusatfitiaat R. sss pacgultenaalala
Scandent, or creeping, smooth. Leaves scasile, obliquels y-
lanceolate, vey smooth. Aments leaf-opposed, short-pedun-
cled,.
A native ol the ney Archipelago,
18. P. saxatile, Wail,
_ Stems furrowed, creeping, with villous joints and fascicled
sub-erect branches, Leaves sub-sessile quatern, obovate-
cuneate, fleshy, convex and villous beneath, with three co-
loured nerves, veinless, Spike terminal, —— —-* |
A native of the neighbourhood 66 Kaaasilie dah Napela, .
i hel sccm _~ first four
sicled, soinetimes i cacte, opposite or Ce ate branches: ae
© OL K
162 DIANDRIA TRIGYNIA, Piper.
from each joint, which scarcely rise four inches above the
surface on which the plant grows. Stems thread-like,
pubescent, with four or five furrows; branches once or twice
sub-divided into small opposite branchlets. Leaves gener-
ally quatern, rarely tern, four or five lines in length, obtuse,
cuneate at the base, shining. and somewhat concave above,
with copious short hairs below, slightly ciliated, without
veins or ribs, and losing even the three pale-coloured nerves.
when dry ; the lowest verticils many times, the others two or
three times, shorter than the interstices between the joints.
Leaves of the young shoots linear-oblong, measuring some-
times an inch inlength, _ Petioles very short, villous, erect,
with a gland-like body in their axills, villous. Spike terminal,
very slender, from an inch to an inch and a half long, round,
villous, excavated on its surface with innumerable small pores
in which the flowers are lodged, on a ep about half its
length.
Obs. All the parts of this elegant little epecioa vies. a faint
pungent taste. I have not been able hitherto to examine its
organs of fructification in a satisfactory manner,
CLASS IL.
| TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
VALERIANA. Schreb. gen. N. 60.
~Calyz 1 none. Corol superior, one-petalled, gibbous on one
: side a the base. Seed one.
lee 35 y! Jatamansi. ‘Sir'W. Jones in Asiat. Res. vol, ii, P-
405, and vol. iv. p. 109, Roxb. ibid. 433, |
Flowers triandrous. Leaves entire, four-fold, the inner
radical pair petioled, and cordate ; _ cauline Racers lanceo-
late. Seeds crowned with a papiss. |
. spica, Vahl. en. pl. 2, 13.
- OLAX. Schreb. gen. N. 61.
Calyx entire. Corol three-petalled. Nectary of afew sen
tive filaments inserted on the petals. Germ one-celled ; ovu-
lum one, erect. Drupe half hid in the enlarged daly x) olls-
seeded. Embryo inverse, and amply furnished with a peris-
1. ee Corom, pl. 8. N. Wai — ;
Shrubby, scandent. Leaves ovate-oblong. - Petals and
nectarial filament bifid, . >
Fissilia psitiacorum. Linn, sp. coi ed, Wita, - 194, “2a
Kee Backiniwese = a
A large, woody, ching & ek ietiee of «son Flow-
& ers all the year round,
K2
164 TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Loeflingia.
Trunk leaning, often as thick asa man’s thigh. Branches
numerous, climbing. TJ’horns one here and there over the
old woody parts only, very large and strong, shaped like the *
horn of a Rhinoceros. Leaves alternate, bifarious, petioled,
oval, entire, smooth, about two inches long, and one broad.
Racemes axillary, solitary, half the length of the leaves, few-
flowered. Flowers small, white. Calyx cup-form, entire,
permanent, and, enlarging with the fruit. Petals three; one,
two, or all three half two-cleft; divisions linear, spreading,
Neetary, a bifid, filiform, yellow body, rising from the in-
side of the base of each division of the petals. Filaments
three, short, standing between the nectaries, iserted into the
petals below their fissures. Anthers oblong. Germ superior,
ovate, one-celled, containing one ovulum attached to the. bot-
tom of the cell, Style length of the corol. Stigma, simple. .
Drupe or berry globular, three-fourths covered. with the en-
larged calyx, yellow, pulpy, one-celled, Birds are fond. of
them. Seed single, globular. Integuments two; ‘exterior nu.
ciform; inner one white and spongy. Perisperm conform to
the seed, amygdaline. Embryo inverse, minute, lodged i in
the apex of the perisperm. Cotyledons two, equal, minute,
semilinear. Radicle larger. than the cotyledons, oval, supe-
Rs 0. ehchiate R. ane ue
Shrubby, scandent. Leanes bifarious, from. ovate-lanceo-
late to oblong, entire, glossy. Racemes axillary > before the
flower expands bifariously imbricated, Ce the spiculee i in
Briza.) Drupes ovate.
A very large climbing soni or die, 30 any sesiaat plant
can be so called ; a native of Cues: where it flowers i in
the hot season, .
. " wa LOEFLINGLIA. Schreb. gen. N. 71.
Hippocratea, —_ TRIANDRIA MONOGYNTA.” 165
LLL, indica, Linn, sp, pl. ed. Willd, 1.191. Retz. Obs. 48,
Annual, diffuse, branchy. _ Leaves sub-verticelled, eunei-
form, Flowers terminal, Style three- cleft. Calyx rs.
Pharnaceum depressum. Mant. 564,
A small, diffuse, annual pee ‘appearing and oe
in the cold season. ~
' Stems many, pressing on the ground, branchy; ‘Leaves
opposite sessile, with many smaller ones from their axills,
which makes them appear verticelled, oval, smooth, from a
quarter to half an inch Tong. Stipules four-fold, membrana-
ceous, with many small similar scales about the flowers.
Flowers sessile in the divisions of the branches, and terminal.
Petals linear, with three or four-toothed a pices.
HIPPOCRATEA. Schreb: gen. N. 73.
Calyx five-parted. Petals five. Germ three-celled ; ovu-
la a few, attached to the axis, ‘Capsules three, one-celled,
two-valved. Seeds meinbrane-wihged: ae erect, —_—
out perisperm.
“1. HL indica. Linn. silbe a: Willd. 1. 193, Corom. ples ba
N. 130. |
Shrubby, climbing by tendrils. Leaves oblong, ventricose,
serrate. Corymbs axillary. Capsules oblong, two-seeded,
A large, twining shrub, a native of forests, hills, and wild
uninhabited places, over various ‘parts of svat Flowun
about the beginning of the hot season.
Tendrils simple, woody. Leaves opposite, short pti
oval, pointed, serrate, smooth, shining, about two | inch if
Panicles Ca Umbells ) saree opposite, —, ak ° at a8
ee oc Se ee F ithddiedF vo te xin. ee :
egg than the stamens. Capsules from one to three,
| es
166. " TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Hippocrotea.
- ghe-célled, one-valved. “Seedle. two, broad:winged) affixed
to the bottom of the tec by the apex of the mine
2. H. obtusifolia. R.
Shrubby, climbing by the help of cirrhose branche
Leaves eliipically oblong; entire, obtuse. | Corymbs termi-
nal and axillary. Capsules obovate, four-seeded.
A native of the coast of Coromandel. Flowering time in
the Botanic garden, March and April; the seeds take one
year to ripen.
_ Stems and larger Secoibhes ligneous, and covered writh
cracked: spongy grey bark, climbing to a great extent by
the help of the smaller, round, smooth, diverging, opposite
branchlets, which take a turn or two round their supporters,
Leaves opposite, short-petioled, oblong, entire, (large luxu-
riant leaves are sometimes obscurely ‘pahnliet obtuse, firm,
polished, length from three to four inches. Stipules of the
leaves four-fold, minute, subulate; those of the branchlets
larger. Corymbs terminal, or from the exterior axills, often
compoundly dichotomous, and shorter than the leaves,
Bractes minute, ovate. Flowers small, pale greenish yellow.
Calyx five-leaved. Petals five, ovate-lanceolate. Nectary,
a large, fleshy receptacle receiving the base of the germ} its
margin becomes thin, and is divided into three, tapering,
antheriferous segments, which are at first erect, but soon be-
come revolute, Filaments no other than the three “segments
of the nectary. Anthers two, round, one-celled lobes. Germ
three-lobed, immersed in the thick, fleshy nectary, threé-”
celled, each cell containing several ‘seeds, attached to the |
axis, Style the length of the filaments ; stigma three-toothed. |
Capsules three, obovate, thin, smooth, slightly veined, about —
two inches long, by one and a half broad, one-celled, two-
valved. Seeds generally, four in each capsule, two on each
pe about its lial of, a si ee —_ 3
Hippocratea, | TRIANDRIA,MONOGYNIA, ~ 167
the capsule. Integuments two; exterior a very thin, smooth
membrane; interior rather thick and somewhat spongy.
Perisperm none. Embryo erect. Cotyledons oblong, pale
green while recent. Plumula two-leaved. Radicle short,
inferior.
Obs. In the following species inion are ood to sdaaleas in
the capsule, in every sai. respect it resembles bnctheth this
species.
3. H. arborea, R.
Sub-arboreous, with climbing branches. Leaves opposite,
oblong, serrulate, cuspidate. Corymbs axillary. Ceneuet
linear-oblong, two-seeded. ,
B. Katha-paharia. |
A native of the interior parts of India. It blinded’ in idee.
ly, and the seeds ripen in March.
Trunk tolerably straight, but short, about as thick as a.
man’s thigh, covered with smooth; dark brownish ash-colour-
ed bark. Branches and branchlets spreading and climbing
to a great extent, young shoots round and smooth, indeed.
highly polished ; many of them form the claspers. Leaves
opposite, short-petioled, drooping, oblong, taper-pointed,
serrate, very smooth on both sides ; from six to seven inches
long, and about three broad. Stipules none, but two or
three small, dark brown, scaly gems are found in each axill,
€orymbs axillary, dichotomous, with a pedicelled flower in
the divisions. Bractes opposite, small, permanent. Flowers
very numerous and small, pale greenish yellow. Calyx
beneath, generally four, though mnertions vy cena, .
parted ; divisions rounded, and only about half the length of |
the corol, Corol four, five, or six-petalled, (six is the m 0 st
common, and I mapper oe wease 5 EN in a is comet
perm: Félamen nnn te riot aaiied than pier
Se. aes four-lobed, Germ ovate. Siyle short. Stigma
K4
168 . TRIANDRIA MONOGYNTA. —— Johmaa.
simple. Capsules three, cuneiform, striated, three inches
long, and about one and a half broad, -one-celled, two-valy-
ed; valves. exactly boat-shaped. Seeds two, ovate, com-
pressed, enlarged with an oblong, soft, thin, spongy wing,
the attachment is between its apex and the base of the
' eapsules. Integument single, ochraceous. _Perisperm none.
Embryo oblique, compressed. Cotyledons conform to the
seed, yellow. Plumula two-lobed. Radicle oval, sub-in-
ferior.
JOHNIA. R.
kobe inferior, five-leaved, or five-parted. Corol_ five-
petalled. Nectary or receptacle of the stamina and pistil-
lum sub-globular. Germ three-celled ; ovula one or two in
each cell, palates Berry one or mone-eandeil Embryo with-
out perisperm, direction various,
In honour of the Rev. Dr. John of Tranquebar, It is near-
ly allied to Salacia, Gen. pl. ed, Schreb. 1380, ts proper
place is probably the third order of this class,
A. J. salacioides, R.
| Leaves opposite, broad-lanceolate, entire, firm and polish.
ed, Calyx five-leaved. Petals sessile. Anthers sessile on the
three divisions of the nectary.
A native of Tipperah, Chitageng, wal one ei 08 ‘hie
eastern frontier of Bengal. It flowers in the Botanic garden
during the hot season, and ini inirapsa caries A ;
the rains, a ae
A large, very ramous halk ith ‘ate eclae poate
much, and often drooping elegantly. Bark of the ligneous —
pests Irena eeagnearemsnevenmronny sett: thier panne
twigs smooth. |
Leaves opposite, short-petioled, ciated veladinaiad
Mt satins, firm, points ghiaenaccsiah es ; about four inahal :
Johma, TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, : 169
flowered. Flowers small, deep greenish orange colour. Calyx
of five round, villous margined, minute leaflets. Petals
round, sessile, with the margins recurved, #ilaments no
other than the three, short, triangular segments of the fleshy
urceolate 1 nectary, elevating the three, large, twin anther even
with the stigma. Germ above, conical; three-celled, with two
ovula in each, attached to the axis. Style scarcely any ; stig-
maacute, Berry size of a crab apple, round, smooth, dull-
red. Pulp in considerable quantity, white, of a soft, tough,
gelatinous consistence, and eaten by the natives. Seeds two,
or three, separated by a thick partition of pulp ; transversely
oblong; flat on the inside, convex on the exterior, Integu-
ments single, spongy, brown. Perisperm none. Embryo con-
sisting of two equal cotyledons, conform to the seed, and un-
til vegetation begins, so firmly, and closely united, that they
seem to be of one entire piece. Radicle small, lodged at the
umbilicus, relative, centripetal.
2. J. coromandeliana. R,
Leaves opposite, serrulate, polished. Calyx five-toothed,
Petals unguiculate.
A small, strageling tree, or rather a large climbing shrub,
a native of forests and mountains of Coromandel.
Leaves opposite, short-petioled, oval, smooth, shining, :
sometimes most slightly serrulate; about three inches long,
and one and a half broad. Peduncles axillary, several, bow-
ing, one-flowered. Calyx inferior, one-leaved, five-cleft. Pe-
~ tals five, clawed, round, or oval, spreading. Nectary alarge
globular, fleshy receptacle, elevating the stamens and pistil.
Filaments three, spreading, shorter than the petals, inserted
into the top of the nectary round the germ. © neha” small,
170 TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Commelina,
IRIS. Schreb. gen. N. v.97.
Corol six-petalled, petals unequal, alternate, jomted wa
spreading. Stigmas (petals, ) from cowled to bilabiate.
‘1. I. chinensis, Curtis’s Bot. Mag. N. 373. — :
Root creeping. Leaves ensiform, drooping ; 3; scape ramous,
many-flowered.
This elegant species has been introduced from China into
the Botanic garden, where it thrives best in cool, moist, shady
situations. Flowering time the beginning of the hot lio
viz. March and April.
MOREA. Schreb. gen. N. 80.0 60>
Corol six-petalled ; the three inner siren. _ narrow-
er. Stigma three-cleft.
1. M. chinensis. Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd. 245, Thunb, Diss.
N-19. a
Herbaceous, stems compressed. Leaves bifarious, ensiform.
Umbels terminal, proliferous, all six-petals expanding. ol
Belameanda-shular mini. Rheed. Mal. 11. t, 37. |
Ixia chinensis. Curt. Magaz. 171. :
Pardanthus chinensis. Amals of Bot. 1. 416. ves
Beng. Dusbaba, or Dusbichundi, —
‘A native of India, China, &c. Flowers in ‘the a re
in the Botanic garden near Calcutta. _ ae
Is common in gardens over India, where it blossoms dur-
ing the rains, and ripens its seeds in the cold season,
COMMELINA. Schreb. gen. id a
in erior, three-leaved, Coral three-petalled, ¢ saci
EERE: nas ss
_
Commelina, — TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 171
form head. Capsules two or three-celled. Seeds one or more,
Lmbryo simple, and furnished with a perisperm. |
1. C. communis. Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd, 1. 249.
~ Polygamous, creeping. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, smooth ;
spathes many-flowered. Petals unequal. Anthers dissimi-
lar. Capsules tricoccous. :
Beng. Juta-kanshira.
Ephemerum dipetalum, Kempf. amen. p. 888. t. 889.
This species is common over the low moist parts of India;
flowering time the rainy season chiefly.
Root fibrous, Stems numerous, creeping, dichotomous,
jointed, round, smooth ; length very various. Leaves alter-
nate, sessile on febular: vaginated sheaths, ovate-lanceolate,
acute; margins waved ; smooth on both sides, with delicate,
parallel veins running Jengthways on the under side; from
two to four inches long; mouths of the sheathing petioles a
little ciliate. Spathes terminal, or sub-fasicled, cece
a Us pba sp. pl. ed. Willd. 1. 250.
Polygindias creeping. Leaves cordate. Shintlee thrée-
flowered. Petals unequal. Anthers dissimilar. Capsules
three-celled, six-seeded.
_Ephemerum bengafense, &c. Pluck. 1. 27. f.3.
Beng. Kanshira, also Kanuraka.
‘Like the last described, this species is a native 6h wet ras
over Bengal, but much scarcer and smaller ; flowering time
the same. |
_ Stems creeping, dichotomous, jointed, hairy. Leaves 4 :
ternate, petioled, cordate, nervous, a little hairy, about an
inch long and three-fourths of an inch broad. Pet es
| shicathing, hairy, and ciliate. i ee and axillary,
cled male one, Flowers small, bright blue colour. Calyx
a ad :
172 TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Commelina,
as in the former. Corol three-petalled ; two of them larger,
and long-clawed, as in the former species, the third small,
and sessile, but coloured. Nectary, stamens and pistil as in
C. communis, only the style is here beautifully spiral. Pe-
ricarp three-celled, three-valved, with generally two seeds
in each cell.
3. C. moluccana. R. : Be ;
Annual, “creeping. Leaves sessile, oblong, about. five-
nerved, Flowers terminal, solitary, sub-sessile. Petals equal.
A native of the Moluccas, Compare with Vahl’s ©,-at-
tenuata, ‘
4,C. salicifolia. R.
- Polygamous, creeping. Leaves pers each Pe-
tals three, equal, _ Spathes from four to six-flowered. . An-
thers dissimilar, Capsules pointed, three-celled, six-seeded.
Sans, Langulee.
Beng. Panee-kanshira.
Found with the former in wet places near Calcutta, it is
also a native’ of the, Lotemandel coast ; Bometing time -
wet season.
Stems creeping to a great extent, sheild reve ait
jointed, very succulent. Leaves alternate, sessile on their cy-
lindric sheaths, narrow-lanceolar, a little hispid on the upper
side and margins, when the finger is drawn backwar 3 from ri
four to six inches long, and not quite one inch broad. Sheaths —
cylindric, striated; mouth ciliate. | Spathes leaf-opposed,
long-peduncled, semi-cordate, long-pointed. Flowers berma-
phrodite, and male; large, of a beautiful deep azure colour,
disposed as in the Fee species, only there are fewer to the
common shorter peduncle, and often two on the longer ones
Calyx as in the former. Petals three, equal, except that the ¢
low pne. pee a shorker claw is nearly ecasile. ” Ne a ries,
Commelina, TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 173
pointed, three-celled, three-valved, with two seeds mic:
Cattle are fond of this species,
5. C. nana. R.
Creeping. Leaves cordate-lanceolate, sah Mleaping. Flow- -
ers terminal, sub-panicled, Petals equal. Capsules rete
celled, many-seeded.
- A-native of wet places over India; it appears dea the
rainy and cold season,
» Root annual, | Stems or branches creeping, enveloped
in the sheaths: of the Ieaves; from three to six inches long.
Leaves stem-clasping, sheathing, linear-cordate, somewhat ci-
liate, and waved ; sheaths a little downy. Flowers terminal,
sub-panicled, small, bright blue. Calyx equal, permanent.
Corol of three, roundish, equal petals. Wectarial filaments
as in the other Indian species, but naked, . Filaments three,
from the middle downwards clothed with hairs, converging
over the stigma, .4nthers blue. Style shorter than the-sta~
mens, straight and tapering. pr sane tee ont with
finda aise ix ci iE ee te
Obs, Were the style longer, or even spirally as: I aonid
have concluded this plant to be Commelina spiraia, Mant.
2, p. 176, Burman’s figure of his C. diffusa. Flor. Ind. tab.
7. f. 2. isso bad that no comparison can be made ; es or
4 the same, 9 . ‘
e C. smudigorit. Linn, sp. at: ed; Willd. 1. 252.
- Frequently creeping. Leaves linear, sessile, senshi ;
Blowers terminal, racemed, diandrous, Priel away sit |
sules three-celled ; cells -desuuwguncak y SRG p.
“Beng. Kanduli, 5 TAB,
Shien ean! Rheed. Mal, 9. pl 123, t. 63. spel
Stems none, es it Pleainat: sliort creeping, aio dint)
174 TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA,” Commelina,
ed branches, with their flower-bearing extremities sub-erect.
Leaves alternate, sessile, linear, sheathing, smooth, excepting
a few fine hairs about the mouths of the sheath, Racemes —
terminal, long-peduncled, corymbed, bearing on their upper
side many small blue flowers in succession. Bractes solita-
ry, one-flowered, concave, caducous, Calyx three-leaved,
equal. Corol of three, obovate, equal, blue petals. Nectari-
al filaments with a very few, moniliform, blue hairs ; corpus-
cles two, clavate. Filaments three, two of them ascending,
larger, and thicker, well clothed with beautiful jointed blue
hairs, Anthers blue, oval, the third filament sterile, Style
short, ascending. Capsules three-celled, with two scabrous
— in —_ ; iy beat 4 ;
7. C. cespitosa, R. m4 |
Polygamous, creeping. Ligeanieiiatiniis Spathe iebeiss
peduncled, few-flowered ; petals nearly equal. oo
three-celled, with one or two seeds in each,
_ A native of Chittagong, from thence.the plants were sent
‘to the Botanic garden by Mr, W. ——— pat is in Bloee
som most part of the year. .
» Stéms and branches numerous, slender, ical S ioedle :
creeping close’ over a space of some feet and striking deep’
root at the joints. | Leaves alternate ; sessile on their'smooth’
cylindric sheaths, ovate-lanceolate, the upper ones i narstinte!
er and longer; all are entire, and smooth on both sides.
“Sheaths, besides the usual leaf-bearing one, there isa second
‘or inner annular one wherever there is a peduncle, Pedun-
cles solitary, leaf-opposed, about an inch long, round,.and
smooth. Spathe cordate, or rather semi-cordate, in their na-
tural folded state, each embracing two common pedicels; the
‘superior one bearing two, ‘three, or four, pedicelled male
flowers; and the lower about as many hermaphrodite ones;
all eesihink?:i in succession. Calyx of three, equal, obovate,
concave, pele. blue, .pelluckd te fetal three; heya
Commelina. TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 175
sub-sessile, all of a most beautiful light blue colour, Vecta- *
ries three, erect, on the upper side opposite to the stamens.
Filaments three, equal, ascending. Anthers, the middle one
larger and sagittate. Germ ovate, (in the male flowers want-
ing.) Style ascending, as long as the stamens, Stigma in-
_ curved, simple. Capsules oblong, three-celled, with one or
two seeds in each,
8. . ace fat R.
Root perennial, Racemes radical, erect, with alternate, ma-
ny-flowered spathes, Petals equal. Leaves in a tuft, ensiform,
Beng. Kurelli.
A native of Hindoostan and introduced into the Botanic:
garden by Colonel Hardwicke, where it blossoms in March
and April, at which time the plant is: destitute of leaves,
nothing being seen but the racemes ornamented with large
lively blue flowers round the apex. ...
Root perennial, composed of several, smooth, elongated
tubers, with a few filiform radicles, Stems none, except the
sheathing bases of the leaves which appear a month or two
after the flowers; these are ensiform, waved, acute, smooth,
and marked with several straight veins; length from four to
eight inches, breadth one. Racemes radical, erect, straight,
smooth, invested at each of the remote two or three joints,
with a small, solitary sheath ; these sheaths towards the top are
more approximated, each of them there embracing the inser-
tion, of a branchlet which bears several pedicelled. flowers,
Calyx. the three leaflets thereof broad-layceolate, and consi-,
derably shorter than the corol, Petals equal, round, concave.
Nectaries alternate with the stamens, hairy. Filaments three,
alternate with the petals, longer than the filaments of thenec- _
taries, anal ie, thean bales Ne Se Ne Anthers Dine.
<b, Solbeea. jointed, Ce aiee. se jnnerolatpe: ae
176 TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Sonerila,
Panicles terminal. Petals nent Capsules idoriis-celled; ma-
ny-seeded. 3
A native of Sawnitea, from a inbieiiosiath into a Bo-
tanic ‘garden by Mr. Charles Campbell, where it blossoms
and ripens its seeds during the whole year.
Root perennial, consisting of long, firm, thick fleshy fibres,
Siems several from the same root, herbaceous, jointed, as-
cending, round, smooth, much swelled at the joints, from
two to three feet in height, nearly the whole enveloped in the
sheath of the leaves.. Leaves alternate, sessile on their sheaths,
lanceolate, smooth, slightly marked with five parallel nerves,
margins entire, waved, somewhat membranaceous, and co-
loured, \Sheaths shorter than the joints, striated, and smooth,
except a few white hairs’ round their mouths. Panicles
terminal ; there are also smaller ones from the superior axills,
which are sub-globular, and smaller. Ramifications alternate,
at first divaricate, afterwards recurved. Flowers numerous,
small, short-pedicelled. Bractes triangular, acute. Calyx,
leaflets three, equal, oblong, coneave, spreading, fleshy,
furrowed on the outside. Petals three, equal, oval, much
larger than the calyx, concave, entire, spreading and ofa de-
licate translucent pale bluish white. Mectarial filaments al-
ternate with the longer stamina, bearded (like the latter) to-
wards the base, with delicate, slight blue hairs, and crowned:
with large incumbent, three-lobed, yellow glands. Germ
‘somewhat three-sided. Style oblique, length of the filaments.
Stigma small, crowned with a tuft of hairs. Capsules three.
celled, three-valved, with generally from four to six, or seven,
angular, rough seeds in each cell!’ Embryo lodged in a ——
pit, in the back of the seed, small, oval.
SONERILA. R. a
_ Calyx superior, three-toothed. Petuls three on the mouth
of the calyx, alternate with the stamina, Germ three-celled,
cells gros -seedod, attachment central. near thet Z
ed. jeeds numerous, g Rett’ aoe =: ee
Sonerila, TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, ‘4177
1. S. maculata, Roxb. :
Leaves opposite, unequally-cordate, bristle-spotted, serru-
late, ciliate. .
Soneri-ila. Rheed. Mal. 9. p. 127. t. 65.
Sootli, the vernacular name in the Khassee language.
It is indigenous amongst the mountains on the north-east
border of Bengal, and used by the natives as a potherb.
Flowering time the beginning of the rains. In its natural
character it agrees very exactly with Burmannia.
Root fibrous. Stem short, being only a few inches high,
and when old leaning much ; branches opposite, longer than
the stem, the lower reclinate, with their apices resting on the
ground and ‘striking root, all are nearly round and bristly ;
height of the whole plant from six to twelve inches. “Leaves
“opposite, long-petioled, more or less unequally broad ovate-
cordate, nerved, bristle-serrulate, pointed, surface bullate,
and marked with numerous small white specks, from the
centre of each rises a slender, subulate, bristle ; veins and
-nerves bristly, from two to six inches long, by from one to
three broad. Racemes axillary, spiral, their peduncles as
long’ as. the petioles, deeply coloured and hairy. Flowers
‘springing ‘from the upper convex side of the raceme, short-
-pedicelled, red, bristly. Bractes subulate, minute. Calyx
‘superior, three-sided, and tubular ; mouth three-toothed, per-
manent. Petals three, henielaloasl inserted into the mouth of
the calyx, alternate with its segments, smooth on the inside,
on the outside are frequently found some slender bristles.
_Nectary of three, laciniated scales round the base of the —
style. Filaments three, alternate with the petals, and about
their length. Anthers sagittate, one-third as long as the
filaments, until the flower has been expanded some time
they are inverted within ee meine? of the aoe afterwards:
t, 126. poegmooery of the stamens, oasis sialic
VOL. I. L
178 TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Xyris.
sules erect, three-sided, Clavate ; pedicel included, about half —
an inch long, three-celled, opening at the apex. Seeds very
numerous, and too minute to admit of my ascertaining their
internal structure.
2.8. emaculata, Roxb.
Leaves opposite, unequally narrow-cordate, acute, bristly,
but void of spots, serrulate, ciliate.
_ A native of the Khassee mountains on the iiirth ott
border of Bengal, where it flowers in July, and differs from
the preceding species, in the leaves being destitute of the
little round white spots, into which the bristles are inserted,
(viz. one in the centre of each spot.) It is also less robust
than that plant, with longer peduncles to the racemes, which
are sometimes leaflet-bracted at the middle, £98
The flowers and seed vessels are alike. Qos asia
3. 8S. angustifolia. Roxb. piees
Leaves opposite, unequally oblong: ance, —
hairy,
A native of the mountains on the sisi eee of
Bengal, and like the two former species in habit, but the
— of the leaves = a —. a little hairy.
ALS, soiteeciink R, PSY fit ; 3
_ Sub-caulescent. Leaves in pairs, sate; So; tg one minute
atid nearly’ round, the oo ee cordate, =
umbelled, — . AX an
A native of the Sebo Islands,
XYRIS. Schreb. gen. N.89. _.
Head with roundish one-flowered scales, Perianth uicaill
‘three-leaved. Corol three-petalled, equal, waved. Nectaries
; bats neh coe one-celled, eotysahetaae 3 Seeds 1 nu
Xyris. TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 179
I: X. indica, Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd. 1. 254.
_ Leaves ensiform. Heads globular ; scales round.
Kotsjiletti-pullu, Rheed. Mal. 9. p. 139. t. 71.
Beng. Cheena ghauza. Dabi dooba. 7 :
Grows on a low clayey soil, over many parts of ee
del, and Bengal. Flowering time November and popaler.
Seeds ripen in January and February. :
Root fibrous, annual, Leaves radical, bifarious, otal,
sword-shaped, on one edge slit into a sheath for the scape,
pointed, smooth; from six to twelve inches long. Scape
naked, round, striated, erect, length of the leaves, each sup-
porting a round, flower-bearing head. Flowers a beautiful
bright yellow. | Bractes, or scales one-flowered, orbicular,
concave, hard, smooth. Calyx three-leaved, hid within the
scale, membranous. Petals three, each supported, on an
unguis just long enough to raise their expanding, oval,
crenate borders above the scales, Nectary, three filaments
inserted, alternately with the petals, round the base of the
germ ; apex two-cleft, each division ending: ina pencil of fine
yellow hairs ; adhering firmly at the cleft to the edges of the
petals, near the. apex of the claws. . Filaments three, short,
broad, erect, inserted on the inside of the apex of the claws of
the petals,-_.Anthers twin, erect, united by a continuation, of
the filament. Germ superior, three-sided, Style length of
the claws of the petals, from thence three-cleft._ Stigma torn,
Capsule three-valved, one-celled. Seeds numerous, aches
to.a heel down the inside of each ‘valve.
Obs. The following account of the virtues of this plant I
have been favoured with, by the Honourable John Hyde,
who informs me that “the natives of Bengal esteem ita plant
of great value, because they think it an easy, speedy, and
certain cure for the troublesome irruption called ring worms.”
This accords. with what Van Rhoedeap r yof it,,at page 139
scene Mila eladies Sonpotipiassneciatin. Folia cum Ta~
dice oleo incocta contra lepram sumuntur, ig
L2
*.
180 -TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Kyllingia.
_FUIRENA. Schreb. gen. N90.
Ament are on all sides with ests scales, seo
— Seed naked.
e|
’
4. F. ciliaris, R.
Culms erect, about twelve inches, columnar, jointed, leafy. —
| Leaves hairy. Heads axillary and terminal. Scales very
— Stigmas three. Seeds three-sided. -
Scirpus ciliaris. Lim. ~ pl. ed. Willd. Y. Kae, “Rott,
ae ws a ce ase
' Teling. Elagabora addi, § ee
- A native of moist places on thie’ coast of Coromandel, bis
the Scirpi, &e.
Root fibrous, Culms nearly erect, about a foot ei vill,
striated, leafy, jointed, but not piped. Leaves sheathing, short-
er than the culms, hairy, ciliated on the margin, ohenyeon
the inside, not keeled. Heads sub-globular, conipound, axil-
lary, and terminal, the terminal one is considerably longer,
they are composed of several oval, imbricated, “many-flower-
ed, sessile spikes. Involucre of the terminal head one or at
_ most two small leaves; of the others, nothing moré than’ the |
sheath of the leaf from whence they i issue, enapiate = ete
or howe! corol, &e. as —— ae 34:
se PSE sateie Orkid: to, ee 5ti} G4
re ae eia> ee ehageag't.
“eh Rx Bebeeki gen. Ny 9. zat 4 hss ok. Det es
et imbricated. roiheoncte with: ee eorot of wo
ct valves each. Seed one. -
1. K. monocephala, Linn. sp. Mt ed, apie 1.256. Vahl
a 2. 379.
‘Rotth, gram. 13. t. 4. f. 4. tboosieidl
25 emi six to eighteen’ inches high, immpenale jelielide
nal, sin; oer vests aut ee », with-
obeigigss Abe SRA gabe ae [ok ARIQONG OpAe BI
Kyllingia,. TRIANDRIA'MONOGYNIA, 18]
_ Pee-Mottenga. Rheed. Mal. 12. p» 99, t. 53. Ad
Gramen capitatum. Rumph, Amb. 6. p. 8. t. 8.f- 2. >
_ Beng. Sweta gothoobi; Nirbishee, its fragrant aromatic
root being accounted an antidote to poisons.
Common over India on low shady pasture ground, when
totally shaded the heads are — more ils wan is
rather uncommon... iy
Root fibrous, and’ seoleaiadecnal Culms erect, Some six to
eighteen inches high, generally about eight; three-sided,
smooth, naked except near the base ; angles sharp, and sides
hollowed. Leaves sheathing, as long as the culm, smooth,
sharp keeled, Head terminal, oniile oval, generally white.
Involucre. three-leaved, unequal, the. largest leaf as long as
the culm. Back of the glumes of the corol hispid. Stamens
‘three. Stigma three-cleft, Seed pues: stapes ‘much
compressed, smooth, light brown.
12. K, triceps; Linn. sp. pl. ed, Willd. 1,256. 9.
Culms from six to twelve inches high, three-cornered,
Heads terminal, sessile, from three to six; involucres three
or four ; florets diandrous, Seed oblong, without angles. —
..Mottenga. Rheed. Hort. Mal. 12. p. 97. t. 52.
A native of low shady pasture ground, ipiit
Root somewhat tuberous, with capillary fibres, - Culms
straight, from six totwelve incheshigh, smooth, naked, except
at the base, obtusely three-sided ; angles rounded. — ‘Leaves
sheathing, nearly as long as the peibi: smooth, Head termi-
nal, composed of from three to six sessile, oval, white spikes,
the largest one is in the centre, the rest in the circumference,
Involucre as in K. monoceplfala, Stamens seldom more‘ that
two. Stigma two-cleft. Seed eats much compressed,
white, no angles, _ tsa 8 FS scabs Eke ge?
‘Obs. It didiere feos, Ky onoce hata nt onlin av no a
bor long ls ical pee a have found i ceviant olin =
with more than one flower in the calyx. wee a .
L3
im TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, _ Kyllingia.
3. K. umbellata. pee sp. pil. ed. . Willd. 1. 257. Rottb.
gram. 15, t. 4. f. 2.
Culms from one to two feet highs dhveslabled) umbel of ses-_
sile and peduncled, cylindrical, ragged spikes, involucres
many; involucels none. Seeds three-sided, linear-oblong.
Kolpullu. Rheed, Hort. Mal. 12, t. 63.
Mariscus umbellatus. Vahl. Enum. it 2. 376.
Beng. Bura-gothoobi.
__A native of wet or marshy places.
Root tuberous, rust-coloured, with rust-coloured. fibres. '
Culms erect, from one to two feet high, three-fourths naked,
three-sided, smooth, Leaves sheathing, nearly as long as the
culm, .Umbel ‘terminal, sessile, composed of sessile, and pe-
duncled, cylindrical spikes of numerous diverging flowers.
Involucre ; universal, many Jeaved, unequal; the largest leaf
often as long as the culm; partial, none, Calyx and corol,
&c. asin the genus, Seeds three-sided,
Obs, As this plant wants the partial involucre it syn
K, sumatrensis of Retzius.
+ K saiantidles R.
_ Culms from six to eight inches high, three-sided. U mnbel
compound, consisting of globular heads of numerous spike-
lets, mvolucre three-leaved. Seeds oblong, three-sided.
_An elegant cyperus-looking nese —_— a native of
} moist, pasture ground, .
_ Root fibrous. Culms dite, tincsthinds anil easilan's to
eight inches high, three-sided, smooth. “Leaves sheathing, ‘as
long as the culm. Znvoluere ; universal, three-leaved, very
unequal, the largest leaf being as long as the culm, and the
smallest one inch; pariial, minute. Calyax, corol, &c. as in
the genus, excepting that there are sometimes’ two hqvieet
in the si same calyx,
Tunga, TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 183
TUNGA. R.
Ament ovate, imbricated on all sides, Calyx one-valved,
one-flowered. ‘Corol two-valved. Seed naked.
The plants which come under definition I cannot by any
means reconcile to the character of Schaenus, nor indeed to
" any genus known to me, Ihave therefore constituted a new
one of them, under the Telinga name Tunga, which is applied
to the whole family of Calamarie. Linn, Cyperoidee. Juss,
This genus is probably the same as Vahl’s Hypaelypium.
1. T. triceps. R.
Culms from four to eight inches high, a little compressed ;
— two or three, tovmntinls involucre two-leaved, ¥
A native of Coromandel, growing with other eyperi. ~~
Root fibrous. Culms erect, mostly naked, from four to
eight inches high, a little compressed, smooth, Leaves
sheathing, broad, nearly as long as'the culm, Spikes terminal,
Hetierally three, sessile, oval, imbricated with innumerable
small rust-coloured flowers. Involucre two-leaved, the larg-
est is often erect, and looks like a continuation of the culm, it
is from two to three inches long; besides these there are
two or more oval, lateral, scales. Calyx, a scale, single,
nearly as in the scirpi, one-flowered, wedge-shaped, striated.
Corol two-valved, membranaceous, shorter than the scale.
Stamens three. Stigma three-cleft, Seed oblong, three-sided
without bristles,
2.7. inate Re: vs caci
Culms from one to two feet high, three-sided.” Spikes se-
veral, terminal. Znvolucre three-leaved. Saget
_Anative of moist vallies, eee’ igs oy
Root fibrous ; “Cuine cre fomone to two et high near-
ly naked;.shrees ee thine
half as long as s the « cul. Head terminal, generally compos-
ed of about seven oval, sessile, closely imbricated eS oe
L4
184 TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Schonus,
Involucre two or three-leaved, very unequal, the largest from
five to eight inches, the shortest one, or one and a half, Calyx
as in T. triceps, only sometimes three-lobed at the apex. The
rest as in T. triceps. lee
8. T. diandra. R,
Culms leafy, two or more feet high, three-sided ;_ cor: ymbs
terminal; involucres alternate, Flowers sins lniehs Siyle
two-cleft, . .
A stout, erect, smooth, Jong-leaved species; a native of
Amboyna. .
Culm jointed, three-sided, smooth. eaves one at each
joint, sheathing, rismg much higher than the culm, linear,
smooth, acute, three-nerved, about three feet long. . Corymbs
terminal, decompound or more, Jnvolucres several, the larg-
est at the first division of the corymbs, and like the leaves of
the culm, but smaller; spikelets oval, minute, composed of
many sma}| brown imbricated flowers as in the seripi, Calyx,
a glume, roundish, smooth, Corol ; the two valves, small,
placed transversely with respect to the calyx, and smaller
than it, Filaments two, one rising laterally from the bosom
of each valve of the corol; anthers linear. Germ oblong;
style deeply two-cleft. Reed ahr rather ae than the
calyx. ;
~
| SCHENUS. Schreb. gen. N. 92.
Calyx, or Corol, glumes several ; seed one, naked.
“1S. articulatus, R.
Culms three-sided, erect, from four to five feet high, joint-
ed, leafy. Corymbs terminal and axillary, compound and _
decompound. Style undivided. Seed obovate, beset with
| — and crowned with the conic base - te mites pe
Cyperus, TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 185
tains. It may be referred to Vahl’s paints enum, pl.
251220; § su hueden
Culms erect, three-sided, leafy, jee cate from fourto
five feet high, angles sharp, between the joints fistulous. Leaves
of the root as long as the culm, smooth, except that the mar-
gins are a little hispid, slender considering their great length,
those of the culm from five to eight, sheathing, shorter, than
those of the root. Umbels the terminal: one decompound,
those only from the exterior axills compound. Jnvolucre of
the terminal umbel, from three to four-leaved, about as long
as the umbel, leaf-like ; the axillary umbels have no involucre,
or, at most, a very trifling one. lowers’ sub-solitary, ches-
nut-coloured, Calyx none, Corol; petals four. Style un-
divided, with a permanent conical base, Stigma entire,
acute. Bristles, six permanent ones surrounding the germ.
Seed a little compressed, crowned with a large’ —
spongy, conical body, the base of the style.
Obs. There is frequently a very slender male flower with.
in the large or inner glume of the corol; it consists of ‘one
glume or scale, and three stamens. The a coarse
i fF nates ; s
yoke iors Pp atest
CYPERUS.
- Glumes chaffy, bifariously imbricated. Corol none. Seed
one, naked, ,
SECT. I. with culumnar Culms. fed
1. C, setaceous, Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd, 1. 269. Retz. Obs.
5. p. 10. Culms setaceous, from two to slarpe hen ‘highs
spike terminal, solitary, naked.
_A native of es epee tin flowers = ding the
2.6. Creche ee pled. wind. 1 1. 273. Ret ee
Obs, 5. 10. an maggie
186 TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. — Cyperus.
» Culms from six to eight inches high, round, incurved, half-
naked. Spikes lateral, sessile. Involucre one-leaved, besides
the continuation of the culm. Seed oval, rounded.
-»A native of moist sandy places, over various parts of
. India.
Root creeping, invested in brown sheaths. Culms half
naked, issuing singly from the root at some distance from
each other, nearly round, ascending, from six to eight inches
long;, the lower half is involved in the sheath of a single,
short leaf. Leaf sheathing, generally one to each culm,
which is only about half its length. Head about an inch
and a half below the extremity of the culm, it consists of five
_ or six small, oval, ten or twelve-flowered spikes. Jnvolucre
one-leaved, about as long as the spikes; besides these there
are some small, chaffy, calyx-like scales, Seed na a :
compressed, white. ponds
- 3. C. lateralis, Forst. descript. 13. N. 28. |
Culms erect, columnar, from eight to twelve inches long,
~ naked ; > head of five or six sessile spikes beneath the straight
apees of the culm ; stigma bifid; seed oval, compressed. —
- A native of Coromandel.
Root creeping, dark rusty brown. Cudms straight and per-
fectly erect, from eight to twelve inches high, roundand naked.
Leaves no other than a short sheath or two, embracing the
base of each culm. Spikes sessile, five or six, forming a
small head on one side of the culm about an inch and a half
below its apex. Involucre, a minute, subulate leaflet imme-
diately under the spikes, and of the same length with them.
Scales of the spikes numerous, ovate-oblong, white, smooth
and rather obtuse, Stamina three. | Stigma bifid, Seed
oval, flat on the inside, and convex on the preemie lead-co-
jour or grey, and smooth,
| see This differs from the plant which I coli J to vihe
us of Retz. fasc..5. p.10. in being perfectly
erctand destitute offline; whereas tat species hs eaves ey
Cyperus, TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 187
is smaller, and always ascends in a curved direction ; in that
the scales of the spike are acute, in this obtuse, in other res-
pects they are very much alike, At present I am inclined.
to think C. mucronatus of Vahl and Rottboel may be refer-
red to this, consequently Willdenow’s C. mucronatus, sp. pl.
Bi = includes these two species.
A, C. nudus. R.
~ Culm from three to four feet high, round, naked, intend
intercepted. Leaves none; wmbel compound ; involucre
chaffy. Stigma three-cleft. ‘Seed three-sided.
A native of stagnating, or slowly running sweet water over.
India,
Root perennial, fibrous. Culms erect, round, naked, articu-
lated, smooth, from three to four feet high, above as thick as a
common large quill. Leaves no other than a rusty coloured.
sheath or two embracing the base of each culm. Umbel ter-
- Minal, generally compound, though sometimes decompound.
Involucre several small, chaffy scales. Umbellets long, slen-
der, peduncled, bowing, composed of from eight to twelve
linear, sessile, rust-coloured spikes. Involucels like the invo-
— Seed Pl oa three-sided, smooth, light brown,
55 ©. elcid: R. :
Culms from two to six feet high, round, tending to pee!
gular at the top, naked. - Leaves none. Umbels decompound,
with an involucre half its ——e Stigma three-cleft; seed
three-sided. |
Beng. Gola-methee.
Teling. Godoo tunga kooda,
_ This species is with the former a native of wet Rene © het
Root perennial, toate, atienione poisined erect, from two
eee iy ti - Umbels' Ppieetity iy diana Zs : a
. und, erect, Involucre three-leaved, equal, pases: = :
188° TRIANDRIA MONOGYNTA. ~ Cyperus,
the umbel, sides and keel hispid. Umbellets and partial wm-
bellets peduncled, composed of linear-lanceolate, yellowish ’
ype a Seed three-sided, smooth.
Obs, Cattle are not fond of it, and it is onl y eaten occasion-
ally by buffaloes.
SECT. I. with a three-sided Culm.
6. C.. dubius. Rottb, gram. 20. t. A, f. 5. Linn, sp. pl. ad
Willd. 1, 273. 3
Culm from six to twelve inches high. Head sceiah,
roundish, sessile. Jnvolucre of four or five long leaves, some
of them longer than the culm.
_ Cyperus longus, Rumph, Amb. 6. p, 5,4. 2. f..1.
C. kylling@oides, Vahl. enum, pl. 2, 312.
TFeling. Tagadatunga.
Beng. Chhota-gothoobi, '
This species in mach like Kyllingia nonocephale, aml. is,
with. it, a native of shady, moist pasture lands. __. a,
Root, a somewhat tuberous head, with many net-soloured
capillary fibres. Culms erect, from six to twelve inches high,
three-sided, smooth, the lower third or fourth part involved:
in the sheaths of the leaves. Leaves sheathing, radical, em-
bracing the base of the culm, very smooth, many . of them
longer than the culm, Head globular, size of a larg. cherry,
composed of numerous, lanceolate, sessile, white-pointed.
spikes. Involuere four or five-leaved, unequal, some of them —
longer than the culm, Seed three-sided, pointed, dark rust-.
coloured, smooth,
Obs. Cattle eat it,
7, C. monocephalus, R.
~ Culms from twelve to eighteen inches high, poseiia: 7 one :
minal, ovate, compound ; involucre, from three to four-.
Here
‘Cyperus, TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. ‘189
Beng. Gothoobi, afeel Sortdicsce't
A native of low wet places over Bengals fed ain bras
_ Root fibrous. Culms straight, three-sided, smooth, gondtal
height from twelve to eighteen inches. . Leaves three, four,
or five, investing with their sheaths, the lower parts of the
culms straight and smooth, length various, the longest about
as long as the culm. IJnvolucre, leaves several, diverging, of
very unequal lengths, the longest as long as the culm, and
the shortest about an inch. Heads terminal, composed of a
larger one in the centre, and four or five smaller ones in the
circumference, all rigidly sessile. Spikelets ovate, incurved,
ten or twelve scaled, each spikelet embraced on the wnder
side by an ovate-cordate, smooth, dark brown, bracte. Scales
boat-shaped, pointed ; keel greenish; sides deep, polished,
chesnut colour, Stamens three. Style simple and undivided
to the extremity, Seed three-sided, entries on a spongy
whitish receptacle.
~ Obs. The undivided style and spongy nica of the
seed distinguish this from all the mre mE ont ge
fon in oi ob snail eee) aan
wi re ilapincs R,
- Diffuse, from two to four inches high. Heads eorvhiabl,
glomerate, sessile; spikelets incurved. cates it
stoeiie many-leaved.
eee oR Rheed. Hort. Mal. 12. p. 101. t. 54.
’ +A native of moist pasture ground,
Root fibrous, Culms three-sided, several, diffuse, fromewo
to four inches long, smooth, towards the base leafy, ane
a dark chesnut colour. Leaves sheathing, two or three em-
pia the base of ancl eulm _ about ‘the same length.
“twelve-slowered apikes. Involucre kin abveks aa oe Se
vd cS
jof
é
190 TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Cyperus.
rior three larger, being as long as the culm or longer. Stigmas
two, revolute. -Seed three-sided. . ; .
. 9. C. squarrosus. Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. 1. 274.
Culms erect, from four to six inches high, leaves. as long
asthe culms. Head terminal, glomerate, round. Jnvolucre _
many-leaved. Scales with acute, recurved points,
C. pygmeus, Rottb. gram. 20. t. <a
A native of Coromandel.
10. C. cistatus, Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd. 1. ss ap ;
gram, 23, t. 6. f.1.
~ Culm from three to six inches high, with sharp shall
Heads generally single, and sessile; scales with a ae Te-
curved point. Involucre three-leaved.
Scirpus intricaius. Mant. 182. dvs
A native of moist pasture ground. It is in soe fii
‘three to six inches high, though sometimes I have met with
Juxuriant specimens ten inches in height.
Root fibrous. Culms erect, from three to six inches high,
three-sided, two-thirds naked, smooth ; sharp. Leaves sheath-
ing, erect, short, sheaths purple. Head generally simple, and
__ sessile, though sometimes, there is a second, which is pedun-
cled ; and in the larger plant above-mentioned there are two
or three sessile, and two or three peduncled, they are com-
posed of small, sessile, ragged, from six to eight-flowered
spikelets, Involuere three or four-leaved, broad, unequal,
the largest being about the length of the culm. Calyx ; seales
tapering to a long, fine recurved point, which gives the
spikes the ragged appearance they have, Seed three-sideds
Al. C. pectinatus, R. ie
Culms three-sided, leafy, from Bee to skelen alate high,
ioe: Umbel terminal, sessile, Involuere. sleet of, the
_ Cyperus. TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA,. 19}
A native of Coromandel. wliderls
Culns erect, straight, three-sided, leafy omc the nai
from eight to twelve inches high. | Umbel terminal, simple,
sessile, globular, composed of about twelve sessile, linear,
diverging spikes, Involucre from two to three-leaved, the
longest leaflet about as long as the umbel. Seales with long,
acute, recurved apices. Stamina three. Style with a three-
cleft apex. Seed obovate, three-sided, smooth, dark ash-co-
loured.
12. C. niveus. Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. 1. 273. Retz. Obs,
5. p. 12.
Culms from five to eighteen inches high. Umbels or ra-
ther heads, sessile, Tabotutts two-leaved. Style three-cleft,
Seed three-sided. i tes
A native of shady moist pasture land.
Root creeping, fibrous. Culms erect, from five to ten ini
high, mostly naked, three-sided, smooth, | Leaves surround-
ing the base of the culm, sheathing, those that are nearest the
root are little more than sheaths, those within are. nearly as
long as the culm, and waved. Umbel terminal, simple, ses- _
sile, about an inch each way, composed of linear, many flow-
ered, sessile spikes. Involucre two-leaved, length of om
ume Seed three-sided. Bus sdxH)
1. C. jemenicus, Linn, sp. pl. ed, Willd, 1. 281.
_ Culms from two to-four inches high, obscurely three-cor-
nered ; base bulbiferous, Umbels simple. Involucres and
spikelets alternate. Scales acute. segues Eee three-
sided, : iis gppnle=
Pari-gaddi is the Telinga name of the pln and Pari. 3
dumpa that of the roots. _ b. PsA?
Nips. ohercticm astu -
Gs cael elie ay Spacer tcleceah and enticty. poe
surrounded with two, three, or four black and brown, longi- ;
}
192 TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cyperus.
tudinally striated sheaths, which burst and fall off in succes-
sion, There are many capillary fibres issuing from the base —
of the culm, The stolones. generally push their way up
through the sheaths, and out at their mouths, ran horizontal- _
ly, producing from their extremities the new plant. On re-
moving the sheath a small truncated, pointed ball is observed,
resting inthe upper side of the base of the culm, which (onion-
like) is formed by the united sheaths of the leaves... This lit-
tle bulb, which is slightly connected to the base of the culm
on which it rests, is the eatable part; it is composed of two or
three coats, and about the size of a pea; when its proper exte-
rior brown membranous sheath is removed, it is very white,
inviting to the eye, and pleasant to the taste. Culm erect,
two-thirds naked, between round, and three-sided, two, three, — :
or four inches long. Leaves a few, filiform on the upperside,
grooved, four or five inches long, below the surface of the
earth, their sheaths form the little firm culm above-mention-
ed ; from its head the capillary roots and stolones issue. Um-
tel simple, composed of from six to ten sessile, linear, diverg-
ing spikes, Involucre generally three-leaved, unequal, the
largest twice as long as the spikes; they issue not as usual
from the same point, but alternately one above another.
Scales oblong, striated, ae pole: Chall Seed es
_ three-sided, grey.
© Obs. The little bulbs are gendli;-Ncastedaatolied, then ©
rubbed between the hands or the folds of a cloth, totake off the
sheaths, which is all the preparation thenatives give them, to
_ make them a pleasant wholesome part of theirdiet, which they
have frequent resource to, particularly in times of scarcity.
Some dry them in the sun, grind them into meal, and make
bread of them, while others stew them in their curries and other
dishes; they are palatable, tasting like a roasted potatoe, I
wish they could be enlarged by culture, when they might soon
prove a valuable acquisition, for on account of their small-_ ;
ess, it is troublesome mandi miphernn ality =
Cyperus. TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 193,
14, C. polystachyos, Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd, 1. 275.
Rottb. gram, 39, t. 11. f. 1. Vahl. enum, pl. 2. 315.
Culm twelve inches long ; leaves short; wmbel compound,
sessile, crowded. Tavelaaoe ianydeebell Style two-cleft.
Seeds linear, obcordate, without angles,
Gramen cyperoides, &e, Pluck. mant, 97. tab. 416. fa 6.
is not unlike this plant.
A native of moist pasture land, of ditches, Kc.
Root fibrous, Culms erect, about a foot high, simple,
three-sided, smooth, lower part involved in the sheaths of the
leaves. Leaves shorter than the culm, smooth. Umbel
terminal, compound, crowded, sessile, about an inch each
way. Umbellets sub-sessile, crowded, composed of numerous,
sessile, linear-lanceolate spikes. Involucre from four to Six-
leaved, unequal, the longest being from six to eight inches
long, and the shortest, only one. Stigma two-cleft. Seed
compressed, oblong-obcordate. :
goulb. ©. PORES R.
Culms from two to six inches high, shorter than the leaves,
Umbel compound. Involucres longer than the saab Seeds
oval, compressed, dotted,
_ Gramen cyperoides elegans, &c. Pluck, t. 192. f. 3.
A small elegant species; a native of moist pasture ground.
Root fibrous. Culms erect, from two to six inches high,
half naked, three-sided, smooth. Leaves sheathing, the lower
_ ones little more than the sheaths, the superior ones longer
than the culm. Umbel terminal, compound, about an inch
_ each way. Umbellets some sessile, some peduncled, compos-
ed of linear, many-flowered spikes. Involucre from three to
four-leaved, unequal, longer than the culm ; scales dagg:
Seed an Hicaas pegs beautifully marked with white
194 TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, | Cyperus,
16. C. eapillaris. Kon, Mss,
Culm filiform, from one to two feet high. Unbel of one ses-
sile, and two. pedicelled umbellets. Jnvoluere three-leaved,
filiform, florets diandrous... Style two-cleft. _ Seed obovate, +
without angles. ’ 7
A native of moist pasture ground. ye
Root fibrous. Culms erect, from twelve to eighteen i in- |
ches high, three-sided, filiform, three-fourths or more naked,
Leaves sheathing, generally two to each culm; the lower one _
short, superior one as long as the culm, very. slender and
smooth, Umbel small, compound, generally composed of one
- sessile, and two. peduncled umbellets, these are again compos-._
ed of linear, many-flowered spikes, Involucre shtegdaeneal,
filiform, the largest is longer than the culm; theshortest about.
an inch long, and the other between the two. .. Scales ¢ mem-—
branaceous, obtuse, Stamens two, Style two-cleft. Seed obo-—
vate, compressed, brown, pretty smooth, half hid in the rachis. :
17. C. compressus. Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd. 1,282. Vahte
enum, pl, 2. 324.
Culms from six to ten inches high, shorter than the leaves,
angles blunt. Umbel simple or compound. IJnvolucre three-,
leaved, Scales daggered. Seed obcordate, triangular...»
Gramen cy peroides rarius, &c. Pluck, t. Ae ibe
Beng. Chooncha, _. aid ae
Teling.. Salitunga.
‘Delights i in a moist soil, 3 aa
Root fibrous. Culms erect, from six toten asocuiiiakiae.
thirds naked, three-sided, smooth ; angles blunt, Leaves nu-~
merous »Sheathing, many of themlonger than theculms,smooth
and glossy. _Umbel terminal, simple; or compound; when.
compound.the umbellets are peduncled, from one to.three,
and. consist of from three to six, green, linear, sessile,.many-_
flowered spikes, Involucre three-leaved, smooth, the largest of —
_ them is nez aes lane ane, culm, Seales acti. Sopdet
nn its ea the At
Cyperus, TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 195 .
Obs. The Upper flowers of the spike are. ives .
18. C. castaneus, Tua sp. pl. ed. Willd. 1, 278,
Culms from two to six inches high, length of the leaves,
Umbels generally compound ; length of the involucre. Scales
with long recurved) points; monenares - Seed rugose, ob-
tusely triangular. |
A most beautiful delicate, small species; delights in moist, —
sandy, pasture land.
_ Root fibrous. Culms erect, from two to six inches high,
naked, three-sided, smooth. Leaves sheathing, filiform,
scarcely so long as the culm. Umbel terminal, one or one
and a half inch, simple, or compound, but in general com-
_ posed of from one to five small peduncled umbellets,: and.
one or two sessile ones. Spikelets linear, many-flowered.
Scales’ three-keeled, with a recurved point, green keel and
chesnut-coloured sides. Stamen single, (at least I_haye not
found more.) Style tro, Seed genet dee
oblong, rugose. PRES TIE
19. °C. di forms. Linni Sp. ~ ed, Witla, 1. 250, Vahl.
enum, 2. 337. s
— Culm. Gileapsiines 2b; sebphteet ‘Gches high, angles, sharp,
Umbels ; ‘compound umbellets globular ; spikelets: crowded. —
Involuere frorn two to thre-leaved. Scales imbricated.: peed ?
obovate, thtee-sided. Bars
Gramen cyperoides, &c. Pluck. aie 192. Fe3.
Beng. Beliooa, .
Grows equally in either a dry, or wet sandy soil,
Root fibrous. Culms two-thirds naked, erect,’ ‘from‘nine
to eighteen inches high, three-sided, smooth, angles sharp.
Leaves sheathing, as long as the culm, keeled, smooth. Uni-
belly eerie ose belo aaily, sates and\a half-each
ellets from two:to four, sub-sessile, and from two
to four Jonge iaxabbetes poland, iplihler, composed of
innumerable, very. small, oval. apes ianuoleree: from two to.
* aad ee
*
196 TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cyperus.
three-leaved, very unequal, the longer being half as long as
the culm; and the third (when present) less than an inch,
Scales imbricated, margins membranaceous, Seed three-
sided.
20. C. pumilus. Linn, sp. pl: ed. Willd. 1. 282. Rott.
gram. 29. t. 9. f. 4. Vahl, enum, pl. 2. 330.
' Culms about six inches high, angles blunt. Umbels com-
pound umbellets sub-globular. Spikelets ; scales win oe
. Delights in a moist soil.
- Root fibrous. Culms’ erect, six inches high, half naked,
shisiboteky three-sided, smooth, angles rounded. Leaves
sheathing, shorter than the culm. “Umbel compound ; wmbel-
- lets from three to six, shorter or longer peduncled, globular,
composed of ten or twelve linear, many-flowered spikes, Jn-
volucre three or four-leaved, unequal, ure a. as
the culm. Scales acute.
21. C. eruentus. Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd. 1.275. nites
gram. 21. t. 5. f. 1.
- Culms three-sided, from six to twelve inches long. ‘Leaves
sub-radical ; wmbel compound ; involucre three or four-leav-
ed. Scales obtuse, Flowers diandrous. Sys twassdlone ~~
round and smooth,
A native of low pasture land all over sense Ke, sae wk
is found growing in tufts during the —_ ene most of
SS order. ao
*
- Obs. Cattle _ eat it excepts when prose by ange.
22, C. incurvatus. R.
Culms triangular, base lens incurvate. Umbel comjsoniedl
Involucres ‘two or three, incurvate.. Spikes PRAT
incurved, Scales oblong, obtuse. Stina three-cleft.
= < Sneiehtlieambtenimmte Oo. ore Flowers dur
Cyperus.» TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNITA, 197.
Leaves. ensiform, polished, shorter than the culms. Culms
slightly incurved, leafy round the base, triangular, with sharp.
angles, concave sides, and from one to two feet high. Invo-
lucre.two, or three-leaved, incurved, one of them two or three
times longer than the umbel. Umbel compound. Spikes 1 nee-
dle-shaped, incurved. Scales oblong, obtuse, with a green
rib. Stamina three. Germ oblong. *Stigma three-cleft. Seed
linear, oblong, three-sided, smooth, brown.
r 23, C. tortuosus. Kins Ms.
Culms obtusely three-sided, from six to eight inches high.
Umbel compound, length of the involucre. Spikelet linear,
incurved, flowers rer nee Seed obovate, compressed, wih:
out angles, i 4
_ A native of moist pasture ground,
Root somewhat tuberous, with filiform fibres. en
from six to eight inches high, naked, three-sided, smooth.
' Leaves radical, shorter than the culm. Umbel compound,
Umbellets from four to eight, shorter and longer peduncled,
composed of large, linear, many-flowered, ehesnut-coloured,
curved spikes. Jnvolucre three-leaved, longer than the
umbel. Stamina two, Style two-cleft.” Seed obcordate,
compressed, ‘smooth.
24, C. rotundus. Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd. 1. 283, ant
enum, pl, 343.
_ Root tuberous. Culms from one to ae feet high, cbtusely
ee Umbel compound; spikelets alternate ; Bees 2
three-leaved, length of the umbel. Seed angled. — x
C. rotundus, Rumph, Amb. 6. pie t fig. t: aS
C. ee Rott. 28. LIAS 2. ri a
rm. £.
1-9 Bus
ae TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cyperus,
it delights in a moist sandy soil, spat it grows ee
every where.
Root tuberous, with filiform fibres ; tubers about the size
of filberts or acorns, of irregular deri; outwardly a dark
brownish rust colour ; inwardly firm, tender, white, and very
fragrant. Culms erect, from one to two feet high, naked, three-
sided, smooth, with the angles rounded. Leaves radical, or
only investing the base of the culm, sheathing, shorter than the
culm, smooth, glossy. Umbels terminal, compound in very
luxuriant plants, sometimes decompound, from two to three
"inches each way. Umbellets from two to eight, all having pe-
~ duncles of from one-fourth of an inch to two inches long.
Involucre generally three-leaved, ‘unequal, smooth, the larg-
est is only a little longer than the umbel, Spikes linear, sub-
sessile. Seed obsoletely three-sided, brown, a little rugose.
Obs. Cattle eat it. Hogs are remarkably fond of the roots.
Dried and powdered they are used as a perfume at the wed-
dings of the natives. It is by far the most troublesome weed
we have in our gardens, there is no extirpating it, as every
little bit of the root grows readily.
25. C. cree, R, sis
Culms from three to four feet ih, ‘eased at ‘he jon
three-cornered above. Leaves few. Umbel compound and de-
compound, Spikelets filiform, many-flowered, Rents three-
sided.
Beng. Nagur-Mootlia. | ee bake oem
~ This most delicate, tall, slender species, Thave aly found
in low wet places, in the vicinity of Calcutta, _
Root somewhat tuberous, with many dark-coloured villous
fibres. Culms naked, except at the base, straight, generally
three or four feet high, slender, tapering much, toward the
base nearly round, becoming more and more three-sided, till
pelea umbel, Leaves one or two at the
mbel compound and decompound very sal fi
Cyperus. TRIANDRIA MONOGYNTA, 199
‘the height of the plant, generally composed of one sub-sessile
umbellet, and three or four, on naked, smooth, filiform pedun-
cles, of different length, and these again composed of from
four to twelve, most slender, long, filiform, many-flowered
spikelets, Involucre three-leaved, the longest about thelength
of the umbel, the other two shorter, all slender, and tapering
_ to most acute points, Seales membranaceous. Stamens three.
Style three-cleft, Seed three-sided. —
~ Obs. Its naked delicate form, small and compound umbel,
short slender leaves, and scanty involucre, immediately dis-
tinguish it from all ue other Indian species I have Spe met
bio
26. C. tuberosus, Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. 1. 281. a,
gram, 28, t. 7. f. 1. Vahl. enum. pl. 2. 340. Par
Root tuberous, Leaves linear, length of the culms, Um-
bels compound, or decompound.- Jnvolucre three- leaved,
longer than the umbel. Style three-cleft. Seed Hea A ae
sided. es
This seems to me to be only a tuxtiriatit wba if so ide:
of C. rotundus. It grows in the same places, the roots are tu-
berous, &e, in short, can an “scarcely perceive any pees
rae ae SES 5 Si
Sie oe ts ” ie
e
27. C. Dente: Linn. sp. pl, ed. Willd. 1. 284, ioate.
gram, 30, t. 14. f. 1. Vahl. enum. pl. 2. 374,
Culm from two to four feet high, sharp angled. Involu-
ere three or four-leaved, much longer than the decompound
~umbel. Spikelets alternate. Scales obtuse. — obcordate,
three-sided. 2E tid :
Teling. Gelleba-tunga. = ee Zh $8
Grows in standing sweet water, ar
Root iM im rector Crm ert, fom four
| albeder’ thet vis Salis” idbply chia:
a
a inches each way. alse umbellets peduncled, oblong,
~ Umbel terminal, decompound, from fourto
200 TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, - . Cyperus,
spreading, composed of alternate, sessile, lanceolate, from
twenty to thirty-flowered spikes, Tnwoluere three or. four-
leaved, very unequal, the largest being from one to two feet
long, and the shortest about one or two inches, Scales obtuse,
apex often emarginate and membranaceous. Seeds three-sid- —
ed, obovate.
28. C. sérictus. R.
Culms about twelve inches high, stiff and straight, shorter
than theleaves; angles sharp. Umbel decompound, straight;
flowers diandrous. Seeds obovate, compressed, without
~ angles, |
Delights in a moist uncultivated ca.
Root fibrous. Culm straight, rigid, about a foot high,
obtusely three-angled, three-fourths naked, smooth. Leaves
mostly radical, sheathing, many of them longer than the
culm, erect, rigid, much keeled, smooth, Umbel erect, linear,
thin, sometimes decompound, though in general only com- —
pound, Umbellets, one or two sessile; and from three to —
eight with peduncles of unequal lengths; the largest pedun-
cles are compound. Jnvolucre from three to five-leaved,
very unequal; the largest nearly as long as the culm, the,
smallest not more than an inch long. Spikes sessile, lanceo-
late in small plants, in large ones linear. Stamens two.. Style 2
two-cleft. Seed compressed, obcordate. Te ae
29, C flavidus. Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd.1. 279, Retz. Obs, |
5, 13. Vahl. enum. pl. 2.334, egies
Culms from six to eight inches high, generally eral ‘
than the leaves. Umbel decompound, Jonger than the in-
volucre ; wmbellets globular ; spikelets crowded ; flowers mo-. _
oii Seeds obcordate, three-sided.
This is a small delicate species, a native of moist pleess on
the coast of Coromandel. oe
. ;
Cyperus, © TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, o- SE
very short, embracing the base of the culm. Umbel com-
pound, or decompound, from one to two inches high ; um-
bellets one or two sessile, and from two to eight on peduncles
of various lengths; the highest sometimes bears a small par-
tial umbellet. Involucre two-leaved, shorter than the umbel.
Spikes lanceolate, chesnut-coloured, Flowers monandrous,
Seeds white, short, three-sided, a little rough,
30. C. Iria, Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd. 1. 286. Vahl, enum,
2. 360. .
Culms from one to two feet high; angles sharp; umbels de-
compound, shorter than the involucres; spikelets alternate ;
flowers rather distinct; scales cabricted: Seeds obuvaige
‘angular. | | |
Tra, Rheed, Mal. 12. p. 105, t. 56. Gow. not very well
agree with my plant.
Gramen cyperoides, &c. Pluck. Almag. t. 191. ff 7.is-
much more like this plant than the peers plat, of Ae
Rheede, |
Beng. Bura-choocha.
Is a native of moist, cultivated innde:
Root fibrous. Culms erect, from one to two feet high,
four-fifths naked, three-sided, sharp- angled. Leaves sheath-
ing, nearly the length of the culm, keeled, smooth, Umbel.
ieee pond. from two to four inches high ; umbellets from.
four to eight, one or two sessile, the rest som y peduncled ;
partial umbellets lanceolate, raceme-like, being composed of
alternate, linear, from six to twelve-flowered spikes. Invo-
lucre from three to four-leaved, the largest two or three times,
aslong astheumbel. Scales jiabiriestod: with membrai “id
oun eieden: Style two-cleft, Seeds Uncoated eae z
cals.
*
ie from two to ier feet high, aly triangular |
Leaves 28 long as the culms, Enpotucrs from fone to fal ; a
— 202 TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Cyperus,
leaved, one very long. Umbel decompound. Spikelets Jan-
ceolate. Stamens two. Style two-cleft, Seed obcordate, a
little compressed, |
Beng. and Hind. Patee.
- Found in great abundance on the low banks of the Ganges
and rivulets near Calcutta ; where the tide rises high over it,
it thrives most luxuriantly, eS helps much to bind, and bes
tect the banks from the rapidity of the water.
Root jointed, creeping, stoloniferous, perennial. Culms
erect, from three to four feet high, exactly three-sided, about
as thick as the little finger, Leaves numerous, radical, or
surrounding the base of the culms, smooth, deeply channell-
ed on thé inside, and keeled on the back. Universal involu-
cre composed of four or five leaves of very unequal lengths,
the largest being two feet or more long, and the ahbrtest as
many inches; partial involucre subulate. Umbel decom-
pound, erect, ‘Bhout a span long. Spikelets sessile, diverg-
ing, lanceolate, rigid, obtuse. Style two-cleft. Seeds ob-
cordate, a little compressed, smooth. s
>
_ 82. C. Pangorei. Rottb. gram. 31. t,7.f. 3. Linn. sp. pl. .
ed, Willd. 1.284, a
Culms from three to four feet high, naked. Leaves scarce-
ly any. Unmbels decompound ; involucre three or four-leav-
ed; involucels setaceous. Spikelets filiform, Seeds ties
“Beng. ‘Claas Pie
It is common on the banks of the Gasp and serves, ne
C. inundatus, the same useful purposes, though in an inka
degree.
Root jointed, creeping, stoloniferous, perennial. Culms
erect, naked, smooth, three-sided towards the apex, sides
concave, from two to four feet high, and about as thick asa
uill. Leaves 0 one. or SB. Pa aber 7 vey short, oe
Cyperus, TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 203
the length of the umbel ; partial minute, setaceous. Umbel
decompound, composed of one sessile umbellet in the centre,
and from four to eight deed compound ones in the cir-
cumference, supported “on fine, compressed peduncles of
unequal lengths, Spikelets filiform, from ten to twenty-
flowered, ‘Scales obtuse. Stamens three. Seed oblong,
compressed.
Obs, Its naked, exactly three-sided culms, and scarcity
_ of short leaves readily distinguish it from all the other species —
I have yet described,» C. tegetum has the angles rounded,
and no Seth: :
33. C. procerus, , Rotth. gram, 29. t. 5. f. 3.
Culms from three to six feet high, angles sharp. Umbel
decompound, Involucres none; spikelets alternate, linear ;
flowers diandrous, Seeds obcordate, reer se without
angles, “
Pota-pullu, Rheed, Mal. 12. p. 93. t. 50. Fe
Is a native of moist ye Brae &e, amongst the gown.
tains,
Obs. i. Bengal this plant, or one een like it, (for
it differs from it only in having three stamens, the culm,
leaves, umbels, scales, and seeds being the same) grows on
the banks of the Ganges and so low as frequently to be entire-
ly under water during the high tides; yet it thrives and helps
to bind the banks of the rivers where it grows, and is one of
those plants that prevent their giving way so much to the
rapidity of the stream as s they otherwise would do.
“84. C. spinulosus. R. ;
“Culms from three to five feet high, rigid. Umbel pai BA
decompound ; ; spikes long and short peduncled, globular;
spikelets ae from three to Sit: Riwaredy a and
204 TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Cy perus..
Root fibrous. | Culms erect, from two to. five feet high,
very rigid, obsoletely three-sided, smooth, four-fifths naked.
Leaves sheathing, length of the culm, rigid, striated, margins
hispid. _Umbel terminal, decompoitnd, from. six to eight,
inches each way. Umbellets with peduncles of various
lengths, composed of peduncled, globular heads, and. these
again, of numerous small, sessile, linear, lanceolate, rigid,
spinulous-pointed, from three to four-flowered ‘spikelets, Jn-
volucre from four to six-leaved, unequal, the largest beg
from two to three feet long, and the shortest about the same
number of inches, margins hispid, like those of the leaves..
Tnvolucel from three to maleate, length of the umbellets.
Scales linear. _
Obs. T have not seen the pistil nor seed, It is a remark- ;
ably coarse species ; no animal eats it. oe
3% C. elatus, Linn. sp, pl. 7 Willd, 1. 287. Vahl. enum.
2. 363.
~ Culms from six to twenty feet long, sharp-angled. Umbel
scarcely decompound. Spikes all sub-sessile, linear, erect.
Spikelets most numerous, alternate, from six to eighteen-
flowered, anthers gure: 3 in a thread, Peiiad oblong, three-
sided. ee
_ Beng. Gol-mulunga, tara: 1 esd aes
_ Teling, Rakisha, | °°" So 28) gee iter coin's
__ This is by far the lage species on the coms of Coroman-
del. “It grows in sweet standing water,
Root fibrous, Culms erect, from six to twetity feet high,
and thick in proportion, naked, except near the base, three-
sided, angles sharp, rigid and scabrous, so as to cut the hand
readily, other parts pretty smooth, Leaves sheathing, im,
small plants, as long as the culm, about an inch in diameter.
at the broadest part, triangularly concave, with the keel and
margins sharply serrate. Umbel terminal, dee Pee =
igi tot Se vlons dang aly, sta a
Cyperus. TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 205
sessile and from eight to ten peduncled, composed of erect,
Imear, short-pedicelled, compound spikes, of simple, sessile,
lanceolate, from six to ten-flowered spikelets which surround
every part of the compound spikes, * Involucre three-leaved,
with some smaller within these three, margins and keel as in
the leaves. Involucels small, one-third the length of the
umbellets, Scales membrane-bordered, acute. Filaments
three, membranaceous. .Anthers ending in a thread. Seeds
three-sided,
36. C.. vaibetdites, Vahl, enum. pl. 2. 362.
Culms from four to six feet, blunt-angled. Umbel de-
compound ; spikes all sub-sessile, linear,spreading ; spikelets
numerous, alternate, from three to four-flowered. Seed
elliptic, three-sided, ‘
Teling. Pedda shaka. pee
A large species, growing in standing fresh weirs, ide os
Root fibrous. _ Culms erect, from four to six feet high,
pretty ‘smooth, naked, except at the base, obsoletely three-
sided, angles rounded, sides hollowed. Leaves mostly radi-
_ cal, sheathing, the longest of them about as long as the culm.
Umbel decompound, spreading, about six inches each way,
Umbellets, two or three sub-sessile, and from five to ten on
pretty long peduncles of unequal lengths ; they are compos-
ed. of small partial, short-pedicelled umbellets of three to six
linear compound spikes, composed of numerous, small, ses-
sile, from three to four-flowered, simple spikelets, Involucel
from three to four-leaved, of the length of the umbellets,
_ Involucre from three to six-leaved, unequal ; the longest from
two to three feet, the gacnabrousas inches. |
23 ; t high. Umbel Seka pola, fas.
| igi, “ frecbheare aud seteldsen many-leaved ; spikes digi-
*
206 TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Cyperus
tate, linear ; spikelets diverging, manaar cress scales with
long recurved points.
A middle sized species; grows in satay places, ditches
&e..:
- Root, a somewhat ‘hice head with many fibres. Culm
erect, from one to six feet high, mostly naked, smooth, three-
sided. Leaves sheathing as in the other species, their mar-—
gins slightly armed: with minute prickles, Umbel compound —
or decompound, from two to four inches high. _Umbellets
sessile, and peduncled, composed of erect, compound spikes,
of small diverging, linear, acute, from four to six-flowered
spikelets. Involucre many-leaved, unequal, most: of them
longer by far than the umbel, margins armed like the leaves.
Involucel many-leaved, length of the umbellets. Seed three-
sided, oblong, with grooved sides,
Obs. In Bengal I have met with this species six feet + high,
with a daconipeagd umbel, a foot or more’every way, and
with from twelve to twenty-four flowers to the spikelets, the
culm between round and three-sided, and im the largest al.
most entirely round.
' 88. C, verticillatus. R. :
Culms four feet high, three-cornered, leafy at the base. Um-
bel decompound; involucre many-leaved ; involucels filiform,
spikes of the umbellets verticelled;’ ‘spikelets. ‘anceolate.
eles with a hemes ee Seed Tinea, oblong, three-sided. —
Besad anip ‘ie’ rains, in n wet low eer the vig
of Calcutta.
' Root perennial, somewhat tuberous, with numerous datk:: oe
coloured, thick, spongy fibres. Culms naked, except just at
the base, from two to six feet high, and about as thick as a
stout quill, absolutely thee sido smooth, shining, deep
green, Leaves, one, two, or three at the base ofeach culm,
and: about thes same hengthy keeled, somewhat, spe ve ee
Cyperus. TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA,. 207 -
short, sharp, aciculz, pointing forwards. _Umbel, compound
and decompound. Umbedlets many on smooth somewhat an-
. gular peduncles of various lengths, composed of from five to
eight cylindric, spreading spikes in a verticel, with an erect,
sessile, simple or pedicelled. compound one in the centre.
Spikelets most numerous, imbricated, lanceolate, from eight
to. twelve-flowered. Involucre many-leayed, some of them
nearly as long as the culm, and like the radical leaves keel-
ed and armed on the margins, Involucels scarcely so long
as their respective umbellets. Scales of the spikelets boat-
shaped, with membranaceous margins, and sharp thickened
points. Stamens three. Seed oblong, obsoletely three-sided.
Obs. This, species comes near Rottboel’s Cyperus alope-
. curaidesy,.
389. C.. distans. Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd. 1. 288. Yahi.
enum. pl, 2, 362. .
Culms about three feet high, ikea eccghaedh Umbel ie
compound, with the involucre and involucels many-leaved ;
spikelets linear, alternate ; lowers distant, wih obtuse scales.
Seeds oblong, three-sided. pine - «1
C, elatus. Rotib.'gram. 37. t. 10...
Beng. Panee-mulunga.
‘It is a native of wet places around Samulcota.
Root fibrous. Culms erect, two feet high, four-fifths or
more naked, three-sided, smooth; angles blunt, Leaves from
two to four, embracing the base of the culm, and nearly as
long, sheathing, deeply grooved above, and keeled below,
smooth. Umbel decompound, from four to six inches high.
Umbellets some sessile, and from four to eight, with erect pe-
duncles of unequal lengths. Partial umbellets oblong, ra- -
crane ee: being Ray aah et alternate , needle-like, diverging
ork
: many-flowered.
208 TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cyperus.
. 40. C. tegetum, R-
litle culms from three to six feet high, angles founded
umbel decompound. Jnvolucre as long, and longer than ©
the umbel ; izvolucels chaffy, Spikelets linear-lanced, altar:
nate. Seed clavate, three-sided.
- Hind..and Beng. Madoor-kati.
Is common in ditches, borders of lakes, &c. in the vicinity
of Calcutta during the rains.
Root creeping under ground, perennial. Culms naked,
generally from three to six feet high, obsoletely three-sided,
smooth, Leaves no other than two or three sheaths embrac-
ing the base of the culms. Umbei decompound; umbellets
sub-sessile, and on peduncles of various lengths, sub-ereet.
Involucre about four-leaved, one or two of them longer than *
the umbel. Involucels minute. Spikelets alternate, linear-
lanceolate, many-flowered. Seeds eliptically triangular. —
Obs, Those elegant, useful, durable, large mats so com-
mon.on the floors of rooms in and about Calcutta, are made
of the culm of this plant. When green they are split into
three or four pieces, which in drying contract so much as to
bring the margins in contact, or to overlap’ each other; m
_ this state they are woven.
41. C. alopecuroidus, Rottb. agri 38. t. 8. 77 2, Vall
enum, pl, 2. 368.
A Culms from four to five feet high. Umbet dslesipniind’
re ‘three-leaved ; spies pease bp 3
Wara-pulla. Rheed. Mal. 12. p. 77. a 42,
Cyperus glomeratus, Linn, sp, pl. ed. Willd. 12. 277. és
This is also a large species, and a native of the same places. —
Root fibrous. Culms erect, from four to five feet high,
except at the bases three-sided, smooth, Leaves as in the
other species. Umbel decompound, drooping, from six to res
_ ‘twelve inches high. Umbellets one or two sub-sessile, Lame a
nee tp eeiniet seta oa ~~
Cyperus, TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, | 209
tial umbellets peduncled and composed of beautiful, linear,
bowing, compound racemes of lanceolate, many-flowered,
chesnut-coloured spikelets, Jnvolucre three-leaved, unequal.
Envolucels small, frequently only perdi scales. Seed three-
sided, smooth,
Obs, I have seen small plants with the umbellets sina,
dense and globular, ~
42, C. nudus, R.
Leafless. Culms from four to six feet high, three-cornered.
Umbels super-decompound, naked. Jailoleciins and involu-
cels chaffy ; spikelets subulate, alternate. Seed oblong,
compressed without angles.
_ Beng. Goola-Methhi. rb
A native of low wet places over Bengal. Flowers during
the rains, | Lage
Root perennial, somewhat tuberous. Leaves no other than
a short sheath or two, which envelope the base of the culm,
the uppermost one sometimes ends in a short ensiform leaflet.
Culm about five feet high, naked, smooth, bright-green
_ three-comered, with the angles rounded. Involucres thirée
or four, sub-lanceolate, erect, about one-fourth the length of
the umbel. Umbels decompound and super deabahipeniil :
with the sub-divisions, and slender, smooth, compressed pe-
duncles of various length. Spikelets alternate, subulate, of a
bright brown colour, each bearing from twenty to thirty
flowers. .Stamens three, Style three-cleft, Seed —_
compresied,; without angles. | :
Obs, This species is very like C. tegetum, and about the «
same sgsss though lam reprise never Dew for mats, as__
210 ‘TRIANDRIA MONOGYNTA, Scirpus,
43. C. Haspan, Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. 1. 287.
' Culms from four to sixteen inches high. Umbel super-de-
- compound, involucre two-leaved. Seeds globular, white.
Gramen cyperoides madasarpatanum, &c, Pluck, aim.
12. F 2. :
Teling. Poo-cushalic, :
An elegant small species, a native of cultivated moist
places.
Root fibrous, Culms erect, from four to twelve inches high,
three-fourths naked, obsoletely three-sided, smooth, Leaves
sheathing, often as long as the culm, very slender, Umbel ~—
super-decompound, in small plants as long as the culm. Um-
bellcts one or two sessile, and from four to six-peduncled.
Partial umbellets of the first and second degrees pedicelled.
Involucre generally two-leaved, unequal, the longest rather
longer than the culm; involucel a few chaffy scales only.
Stamens two or three. Seed sub-globular, pure white, smooth.
*
SCIRPUS.,
“Glumes chatty, imbricated on all sides. Corolnone. Seed’
‘SECT. i Without. Leaves.
wih S.tuberosus, R. | feral act :
_ Root tuberous. kali cates ial abies aia
minal, cylindric, naked. Scales oblong. Rie ee
cordate, Seed obcordate, beset with glochidate bristles.
Pi-tsi, Maa-tai, Pu-tsai, or Pe-tsi, or water chesnut of the é
Chinese. yo
_ It is mentioned by Abbe Grosier under the. first name, wes
under the other appellations was transmitted from Canton, by*
Mr. Duncan, at the desire of the Governor General, for the’ .
Company’s Botanic garden, where it blown about the: :
lose wt the zap, in sit sy ae
Seripus, TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Qt
shaped tubers. Culms erect, naked, slightly twisted to the
right, inwardly intercepted: by slender membranes, distant a
line, or a line and a half from each other, every eighth or tenth
of these partitions, is ef a firmer texture than the others and
visible on the outside, even when the plant is growing. Leaves
none except a slender short sheath or two at the base of each
culm, Spike terminal, solitary, cylindric, naked. Seales
oblong, membranaceous margined. Stamens three. “Style
two or. three-cleft, at the base swelled out into an ovate-cor-
date, compressed shape. Seed obcordate, surrounded with
~ glochidate bristles. 3
Obs, For the economical uses of the tuberous roots of this
plant, I beg leave to refer to Abbe Grosier, and other historians.
who have had opportunities of observing: in what manner
they are employed by the Chinese, and to the following ex+
tract from Mr, Duncan’s letter which accompanied the plants,
“The Maa-tai, -Pee-tai or Pi-tse of Abbe Grosier, the
water-chesnut, grows in ponds, which are manured. for its
reception about the end of March. A pond being drained
of its water, small pits are dug in its bottom, these are filled
with human manure, and exposed to the sun for a fortnight ;
their contents are then intimately blended with the slimy
bottom of the pond, and the slips or roots of the plant de-
posited therein ; the water is now returned to the pond, and
the new crop * tubers comes to perfection bast the etindacened
of September.
“ This. nut is in high estimation among all ranks of Chinese,
not only as a pot root, but also a medicine. It is eaten either
boiled or raw: I will not vouch for the truth of the singu-
lar virtues ascribed to the Maa-tai, but just relate one of
the most plausible. The children here often play with
cash in their. mouths, wivicll: sometignes ———
moe never ° fails nahn ¥eliek; “tem considered | a ator wie
has the effect of decomposing the metal.”
N2
212 TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Scirpus.
2.8. plantaginus. Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. 1. 291. Rottb.
gram, 45, t, 15. f. 2. Vahl. enum, pl. 2. 251. Retz. Obs. 5, 14.
Culms culumnar, from two to four feet high, intercepted.
Spike terminal, naked, sub-cylindric ; scales oblong, obtuse.
Seeds beset with bristles,
A leafless, rush-like species; it grows in shallow —
sweet water. |
Root stoloniferous, with thick, spongy, and ae fibres.
Culm erect, round, smooth, naked, except the lower part,
which is covered witha membranaceous sheath or two ; in-
wardly intercepted with transverse, rigid septums, at every
inch and quarter, besides numberless, irregular, smaller ones
between, Spike terminal, cylindric, two inches long, naked:
Scales obovate, smooth, a little keeled, margins membrana-
ceous. Stamens three, with bristles intermixed round the a
of the germ.
3. S.tumidus, R.
Culms from two to three feet high, round, eS inter-
cepted, Spike terminal, cylindric. Scales broad-lanceolate:
Seeds beset with simple bristles.
_ This species is very much like the last desribed, <a a
native of similar. places, but much rarer,
Root, the same, Culm erect, three feet high, incl, sessing
naked, seemingly swelled, intercepted with a conspicuous
transverse partition every sixth of aninch, Leaves none, but
sheaths as in the: former. Spike single, terminal, erect, cy-
lindric, an inch long. Scales broad-lanceolate, acute, a little
keeled, otherwise’ smooth, Stamens, bristles, &c. as in - a
other species,
ALS, spiralis. Kit sp. pl. ed. Willd, ds 200, Rottb. ram
eee eeials Vahl, 2, 252,
| pe from two to three feet. aah three-sided.- ile
Scirpus. TRIANDRIA MONOGYNTA, 213
~ This is a native of the same places with the last described.
Root stoloniferous, &c. as in'S, plantaginus. Culm erect,
from two to three feet high, naked, three-sided, angles sharp,
smooth, not articulated, nor interrupted inwardly. Leaves
none, but a sheath or two embracing the base of the culm.
Spike as in 8. plantaginus, but the flowers are more numer-
ous. Scales imbricated seemingly without order, smooth,
lapped, margins broad, and membranaceous, Stamens, bris-
tles, &c. as in the two preceding species,
. §, 8. acutangulus. R.
Culms from two to three feet high, triangular. Spike
terminal, tapering, acute; scales somewhat acute ; ——
bristly.
Grows in. similar places to those which ——
last species.
Root as in the last species, Culm three-sided, fd two
to three feet high, naked, smooth; angles very sharp, even
almost winged. Leaves no other than a sheath or two in-
volving the base of each culm, Spike terminal, &c. as in the
two former. Scales disposed spirally, oval, somewhat acute,
striated, mar: ins membranaceous. Filaments membranace-
ous. Bristles, &e. as in the former two.
Obs. Kt differs from 8. spiralis in having the angles of the
culm sharp. In having the flowers few and disposed spiral-
ly. In having the scales striated, oblong and sgencvionss
pointed,
6G, Ss. pent aR; : : x et
Culms from one to two feet high, ‘neseeeelge —
terminal, sub-cylindric. Scales obtuse. Seeds bristly.
eee and growing in snr
ove or pate ia aah hreatie, angle ee sa Spe |
hi Py ;
214 TRIANDRIA MONOGYNTA, Scirpus.
Spike as in the former. Scales smooth, obovate. Stamens,
bristles and pistil as in the last four species. -
7. S. incurvatus. R.
Culms in tufts, culumnar, from six to nine inches high, in-
curved, leafless, intercepted. Spikes in a globular, naked
verticil. near the base of the culm. Stigma trifid., Seed
three-sided,
‘A native of moist places near Calcutta. Flowers during
the cool season.
~ Root of rust-coloured, capillary fibres. Cud/ms numerous,
from their incurved shape forming nearly a globe, leafless,
round, ‘smooth, intercepted at every half inch or less; ge-
neral length from six to eight inches, and thicker than a crow-
_ quill. Sheaths a few between the spikes and root. “Spikes nu-
merous, sessile, ovate-oblong, forming a round verticil about —
an inch and a half above the root. Scales round, ovate-ob-
tuse, Seed ovate, triangular. :
8. S. articulatus. Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd. i. 290. Vahl.
enum, ti. 358.
Culms from two to four feet high, coke eisai
with conspicuous partitions. Spikes pointed, crowded into a_
head near the base. Seed naked, three-sided.
| Tsjelli. Rheed, Mal. 12. p.135.t.71.
_ Hind, and*Beng. ‘Putputi-chechka, é
~ Teling. Lutti-pitta-allie.
_ This is also a native of standing sweet water. a
-. Root stoloniferous, and Sbroas as in the. former. - Culm
erect, from twoto four feet high, round, smooth, naked, inter-
Se MN
cepted inwardly by. transverse septums at every inch, or =
half inch; they are conspicuous on the outside, even while
the plant is growing. Leaves no other than a short sheath or
Side iahol sing the base of the culm, Head lateral, near the
se of the culm sessile, sub-globular, composed of many,
(fifty Bi oes ams oer et a: ce
Scirpus. TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. ae
Scales broad-cordate, a little pointed. Stamens three ; the
bristles of the foregoing five species are here wanting, . Style
slightly two-cleft, Seed three-sided, smooth, white.
_ 9. S. subarticulatus, R.
Culms from two to three feet high ; eabieinax; intercepted
with inconspicuous partitions, Spikes obtuse, crowded into.a
head near the base, Seed three-sided, pointed. 3
A native of the same places with the former.
Root resembling that of the preceding species. Culm
erect, from two to three feet high, round, smooth, naked, in-
tercepted every quarter of an inch by a slight membrane;
their places do not appear externally even when the plant is
dry. Leaves no other than a sheath or two. Head lateral, near.
the base of the culm, sessile, globular, composed of many .
(about one hundred) small, oval, obtuse, sessile, many-flow-
ered spikes, Scales oval, membranaceous, Seed hres
white, smooth,
10, Ss. dubingssRa some: :
Root tuberous, Culns ete calumaars cece with
numerous pa gS a
_ Teling. Allike. :
Roots tuberous, with stolones and numerous fibres issuing
from them, outwardly of a dark dusky colour, inwardly a
white. Leaves erect, cylindric, smooth, about aeoot long.
Obs. I have never met with flowers of this plant which
is a native of wet sandy pasture ground,’ and was formerly
considered as a species of Isoetes. The natives boil and eat
the roots which they say an se 00 DO Sia |
ak Ss. amine hina ee p. plead Will, i 5, 204, Vali
216 ‘TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Scirpus.
S. caribeus, Rottb. gram. 46, t. 15. f. 3.
A native of barren, sandy, moist places,
Root fibrous. Culms erect, from four to eight inches high,
round, smooth, naked, Leaves no other than a sheath or two...
Spike terminal, naked, sub-globular ; permanent bristles sur-
round the germ in this species, as in those with single termi-
nal, cylindric spikes. Style two-cleft. Seed obcordate, com-
pressed, smooth, shining black.
12. S. juncoides, R.
~ Culms from one to three feet high, culumnar. “Spikes oval, —
from three to five in a sessile head, far below the es ee .
roundish, beset with bristles.
A native of wet and marshy places, |
Root fibrous, Culms erect, from one to three feet high, na-
ked, round, and slender in proportion to the height, striated,
otherwise smooth,. Leaves none, except two sheaths embrac-
ing the base of each culm. Spikes from three to five, lateral,
sessile, oval, naked, from four to six inches, below the apex
of the culm, which is erect, and like that below the spikes.
Involucre none. Stamens three, intermixed with bristles. Stig-
ma two-cleft. Seed obcordate, compres smooth, white. ~
13. S. mucronatus. Linn. ap. pl ed. Wit. 903. Vall =
enum, ii, 256, © iar VRRP as
Culms fr8m_ six tb twelve’ satay high, eckaa. z
‘Spikes ‘pbddlited Gi siecild below the apex. Seed black, 2
scabrous, sub-triangular. Ba 1 OF
“A native of sandy ground. is
Root fibrous, Cuims erect, from six to twelve inches high,
firm, naked, three-sided, striated, with rounded angles, above _ eS
the spikes half round, with a groove on the flat side, Spikes —.
eters, sessile and peduncled, naked, from six to twelve, ob-
‘long, many-flowered. Vectarial bristles of the germ want- oe:
B, a sate bocsatraered i a hanneseeeni? <i a
Scirpus, - TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 27
14, S. triangulatus, R
Culms in tufts, erect, two feet high, naked, eosntaly shes
angled. — Spikes from eight to twelve, sessile just under the
straight three-winged apex. Germ embraced by six long,
slender bristles, besides the three-broad filaments.
Native of Chittagong, where like most of the ouster; it de-
_ lights in low wet ground, | iy
15. S. supinus, Vahl. enum. sp. ii. 257.
Culms in tufts, curved, three-cornered, generally naked.
Spikes several, under the grooved apex, sessile and pedun-
cled. Involucre one-leaved, besides the apex of the culm.
Seed three-sided, transversely rugose on the back, black.
S. lateralis. Linn, sp. pl. ed, Willd, i. 302. Retz. Obs. iv.12.
Found growing in tufts, in wet places, in the vicinity as
Calcutta, during the cool season.
Root of brown capillary fibres. _Cudms numerous, sbi
a foot high, curved, three-cornered, angles rounded, above
the spikes incurved, and deeply channelled. . Leaves rarely —
any other than a few short sheaths, investing the base of the
culms, and they generally end in an ensiform point, when
present solitary and like the culm above the spikes. Spikes
many, peduncled and sessile, considerably under the apex,
oblong. Scales ovate, mucronate, with brown chatty margins.
— three-sided, black, transversely rugose.
16. 8. 2 ibitndoat Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. i. 301.
Culms from one to two feet high, nearly culumnar, Umbel —
compound; involucre shorter than the umbel. seen es
ovate, smooth, ak
Teling. Billapa. rie Gime node xs
_ A native of wet — ae gisre,:
Root fi rou!
the bass which is evolved i in, from dives. to five, large, point-
ed sheaths, Umbel terminal, small, compound. Spikes oval.
218° TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Scirpus,
Involucre two-leaved, unequal, erect, shorter than the um-
bel. Filaments three, broad, and. membranaceous. Style
broad; margins fringed. Stigma two-cleft, Seed obcordate,
compressed, smooth, light brown,
17, C. pectinatus. R.
Culms from three to four feet high, culumnar. Pasicke
Jateral, just below the straight subaditte apex of the culm.
Scales daggered. Stigma two-cleft. Seed roundish, beset with
four pinnate bristles.
Grows chiefly in marshy places, where the soil is sandy. »
Root fibrous. Culms erect, from three to four feet high, as
thick as a quill, naked, round, smooth, Leaves no other than
a sheath or two round the base of each culm. Umbel lateral,
about its own length below the apex of the culm, compound,
rarely decompound, bowing. Spikes oblong. Involucre no
other than the termination of the culm, which is erect and
about as long as the umbel, Seales chaffy, daggered. Stig-
ma two-cleft, Nectarial bristles two on each side of the germ
they are beautifully pinnate, and permanent. Seed obovate,
compressed, smooth, brown, embraced by the nectarial_bris-
“18. S. etna R.
Culms, from six to nine iuchen Lick, aalmahed Gera, sidetta ae
Unmbel terminal, compound ; involucre chaffy ; Sowers mo
nandrous. Seed obovate, triangular, « -
A native of pasture ground, ;
Root: fibrous. Culms erect, from six to nine inches n> his y
_ naked, somewhat five-sided, slightly striated, otherwise
smooth. Leaves no other than a sheath or two. Umbel termi-
nal, compound, small, erect. Involucre, a few small chaffy
scales, with long tapering points, Stamens single, Stigma
three-cleft. Seed somewhat three-sided, white, scabrous:
Scirpus. TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 219°
SECT. Il.. With Leaves.
19. 8. shiesniiyiitaiac Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. i. 204.
_ Grows in small tufts, Culms from three.to four inches
high, setaceous, erect, culumnar, longer the leaves. Spikes
terminal, naked, solitary, oval..
-A-native of poor, wet sandy, pasture land.
20. S. minimus. R.
Grows in tufts. Culms Front. one to two inches long, seta-
ceous, curved, shorter than the leaves... Jnvolucre three-leav-
ed. Spikes terminal, globular, squarrose, about as long as
the involucre.
Found with S. atropurpureus on poor, wet sandy lands,
21. S. monostachyos. Kon, “3
Culms straight, from six to twelve inches long, culumnar,
Spike terminal, solitary, naked, scales roundish. eed obcor-.
date, smooth, ip ata
- Delights in barren, sandy pasture lands,
Root fibrous, purple-coloured. Cu/ms erect, from six to
twelve inches high, round, smooth, three-fourths or more na-
ked. Leaves sheathing, nearly as long as the culm, filiform,
Spikes terminal, single, naked, oval ; Siete few. Scales sub-
orbicular. Siyle broad, with dentiena margins, Stigma two-
cleft. Seed etme vomprensed smooth, light brown.
22. S. strobilinus. R,
~ Culms two feet high, three-sided, base leafy. Leaves fib,
ean Spikes lateral, solitary.-' Seales cordate, idate,
Sein two-cleft. Seed roundish, beset with. bristles. ie
A native of the soft, wet banks erent, reine:
ple, er bok. two ‘feet mre Gracaided. Leaves. two
or three, of different sizes, embracing the base of each culm,
*
220 TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Scirpus.
the longest nearly the length of the culm, keeled and deeply
channelled, smooth. Spike solitary, lateral, one-third part of
the culm below its apex, ovate-oblong, about one inch in
length. - Involucre one-leaved, besides the continuation of the
éulm, length of the spikes. Scales cordate, cuspidate, smooth.
Stamina three, with about double the number of bristles be-
tween them. Anthers linear, when old spiral. Germ obovate. —
Stigma two-cleft, Seed flat, particularly on the inside, round-
ish, obcordate, crowned with a minute portion of the remain-
ing style, and embraced by about six slender, soft, permanent
bristles which are about the same length.
23, S, seaber, R,
Culms erect, from four to eight inches high, angular. Spikes
terminal. Scales oblong, — es eas bifid, Seed ob-
cordate, scabrous. :
- Campare with 8. potytrichoides, Retz, Obs. iv. p. WL
_ A native of dry, sandy pasture ground on the coast:of Co-
romandel,
~ Root composed. of dark purple capillary fibres. Culms
erect, from four to eight inches high, four-fifths naked, an-
gular, smooth, Leaves sheathing, mostly radical, filiform, —
half the length of the culm. Spike single, erect, oblong, ma-
ny-flowered.. Involucre two or three-caducous scales, shorter
than the spike. Scales oblong, apex rounded, falling as the
seeds ripen. Stamens generally two, Stigma two-cleft. -_
— ape ec mee
sae S. Baliosien Kita. ctiex ee
. Culms erect, from six to twenty-four iil high, filiform. sts
Spikes from two to three, terminal, sessile, and peduncled,
involucred ; scales roundish, Seed obcordate, with a callous
margin. ‘eoedvediee
S ~ Teling. Khooshi-tunga,
Scirpus, TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 221
Root fibrous. Culms sub-erect, four-fifths. naked, very
slender , filiform, somewhat five-sided, smooth, Leaves sheath-
, in large plants long, slender, and often twisted a little,
ia nae plants more rigid,. Spikes two or three terminal,
ovate; one is always sessile, the other one or two peduncled,
Involucre one or two-leaved, about as long as the peduncled
spikes... Seales nearly orbicular, Stamens and style as in
S. monostachyos, Seed obcordate, compressed, white, with a
. thick callous margin.
25, S. schenoides. Kin. Retz. Obs, v. 14.
Culms erect, from six to twelve inches long. Spikes one
or two, terminal, naked, acute. Scales pointed. Seed obcor-
date, angular, dotted.
Beng. Moormoori,
A native of dry pasture ground, etc amongst riot
Root fibrous. Culms sub-erect, from six to twelve inches
high, three-fourths naked, filiform, a little compressed, parti-
cularly towards the tops, and striated. Leaves as in the for-
mer. Spike generally single, though there are sometimes
two, in which case one is peduncled, few-flowered. Involu-
cre entirely wanting. Scales large, with a large keel and
sharp point. Style enlarged at the base. Stigma three-cleft,
preaches scrape very scabrous, pees: shoes
26.8. nse Vahl. enum. ii. 25d. | :
Culms from six to eight inches long, slender, curved, stri-
ated. Leaves Shorter then the culms. Spikes from two to
four, oblong. “uwolnere ‘ two-leaved,* one longer tex the SS
spikes, apparently a continuation of the paeee ityletwo-
pee villous. 1 Riettsohcedaten’ pest: nrh see
3 bent, Rar nearly Seema, grooved, parti-
: eularly. deep on the opposite sides, from six sci eight sniches: |
299 -TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Scirpus.
high. Leaves few, subulate, hard, half the length of the
culms, Spikes. generally three,. varying however from one
to five, sometimes short-peduncled, oblong. . Involucre two-
leaved; one erect, longer than the spikes, seems a continua-
tion of the culm. » Seales oval, somewhat mucronate. ma
cordate, Style villous, Stigma two-cleft, i
Obs. It differs from Rottboel’s plant in having the’ sci
mucronate, and the stigma two-cleft; yet I think they must
be the same, . :
27. 8S. squarrosus. Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd. i, 308. Rete
gram. 49, t. 17. f. 5.
Culms from three to six inches long. Spikes fei invo-
lucre two-leaved. Scales ending in a long naan _
horn. Seeds angular. ie
Motta-pullu, Rheed, Mal. 12. p. 72,1 t. 38. ies!
Beng. Goori, -
A small delicate species, es in distinct tufts on ary A
sandy pasture ground. uo
Root fibrous. Culms numerous, bent in various direction
from three to six inches long, four-fifths naked, round, smooth, ©
filiform. ‘Leaves a few only, sheathing, shorter considerably
than the culm, Spikes terminal, generally three, sessile, oval. _
Involucre two-leaved, the largest about an inch long; being se
nearly erect, it appears a continuation of the culm. Scales
_ humerous, terminating in a long, oe recurved ee ee
besser ss ee smooth,
28. S. monander, Biew: sp. wl: ed, Willd. i ds su. . Rotts
gram. 50, t. 14. f. 3, ad
Culms erect, from three to six inches high, angular. a
terminal, of three to five spikelets; involucre from two to
three-leaved ; scales acute, monandrous, Seed roundish; al»
Scirpus. TRIANDRIA MONOGYNITA, © é 223
from three to six inches high, angular, smooth. Leaves fili-
form, as long ‘as the culm, woolly near the mouth of the
sheaths. Head terminal, sessile, composed of from three to
five small, sessile, few-flowered spikes. Involucre from two
to three-leaved. Scales pointed.. Stamen single. Stigina —
Copenaiet Seed three-sided, short, thick, smooth, white.
29, S, antarcticus. Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. i. 310. Vahl.
enum. ii. 261,
Culms erect, from three to six inches high, round.. Head
terminal, of many spikelets. Involucres from two to three-
pointed, Seed three-sided.
Grows on sandy pasture ground.
- Root fibrous. Culms erect, from three to six inches high,
round, smooth. Leaves radical, embracing the base of the
culms, sheathing, half the length of the culm. Head or
umbellet terminal, globular, composed of numerous small,
sessile, few-flowered, conical, pointed spikes. Involucre from
two to three-leaved, scarcely the hengtls of the leas ee:
a Seed sh aa amines Sais:
30. acini Sita, Rinbeb orice: 61. t. 17. f. 6. Linn, sp,
pl. ed. Willd. i. 311.
- Culms sub-erect, from four to eight inches high, semi-cu-
lumnar. Head terminal, of many sub-sessile spikelets, Jn-
volucres from two to three; scales obtuse, monandrous, Seed
roundish, compressed,
Fimbristylis argentea. Vahl. enum. ii. 294.
Found on sandy pasture ground, growing in gtd ees 3
with the exterior culms of the tuft curved. 4
Root fibrous. Culms erect, or ascending, cathy naked, —
from four to eight inches high, round on omesides ‘and flatten-
ed on'the other, sometimes with a groove on the flat side.
Leaves as in the former species. end or wmbellet terminal,
composed of from fifteen to twenty cylindrical, obtuse, sessile,
silver-coloured, many-flowered spikes, Jnvolucre two, three,
224 ‘ TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Scirpus.
or four-leaved, unequal. Scales oblong, obtuse; keel green,
the rest silver-coloured. Stamen single. Stigma two-clett.
Seed ene compressed, smooth, pearl-coloured.
3h. scat tie Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd. i, 296.
Culms six inches high, semi-culumnar, Leaves numerous,
from one to two inches long. Umbel composed of from six
to twelve ovate spikelets. nvolucres and involucels the length
- of the spikelets.
: Hind. Bura Nirbishee.
Native of Coromandel and Bengal.
32. S. arvensis. Retz. Obs. iv. p. eee
Culms from six to twenty-four) inalaie high, coutpeenlet
furrowed, Leaves tortuose. Umbel simple. Involucre one or
two-leaved, shorter than the umbel. Scales obtuse, diandrous. —
Seed obcordate, striated and dotted.
A native of various parts of India, appearing in low: nioist
places during the rainy season,
Culms about six inches high, compressed, and farowed.
Leaves radical, or surrounding the lower portion of the culms, ©
- marrow, a little twisted, and nearly as long as the culms. —
Umbel generally simple, of from four to six sessile, or pedi-
celled, ovate-oblong brown spikes; sometimes one of the pe-
- dicels supports two spikes, Involuere one or two-leaved,
\qnalandishortossbaeithexitall: -Sedlenalthelaiies owe
- chaffy. Stamens two. Style thick at the base; apex two
cleft, and villous,» Seed obcordate, furrowed domgeeoetnelly;
and dotted with white on a brownish wsteite
oe
Culms twelve pies high, leafy, sub-cylindric,- Umb Is
thin, searcely compound, Jnvolucres minute. Style with en-
= pert i> base, tion three-cleft, Seed shames: sents per
°
Scirpus. TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, — Se
~ Culms many, uncommonly slender, erect; about. a’ foot
high, toward the base invested with the sheaths.of afew
slender leaves. Umbel very thin, composed of one sessile, ob-|
long spike, and of from six to twelve or about half the num-
ber of pedicells of various lengths. Jnvolueres minute, the
lougest scarcely exceeding the sessile spike. Scales boat-
shaped, scariose, with a short points Style swelled:at the
base to the full size of the germ; this swelled part, however, .
is not more permanent than the rest of the style. Stigma
trifid. Seed obovate, igbacurel y three-sided; much dotted,
penttaviolam
84. S. pridéntatus: R
Culms straight, from two to five feet high, angular. Umbet
compound ; involucres from two to three; spikelets pointed ;
scales lapped, jagged and pc BE Seed ee:
angled, and bristly. ‘a
“Compare with S, maritimusse 0 9
Teling. Goorapa-shaka-tinga, . lity Nenoutrred 1
Grows in water courses, cade Ries on esa Mate) is
fresh ; never in salt, or brackish water.
Root stoloniferous with some small tubers, and many Pn
i Culms erect; rigid, leafy, jointed, from two to five feet high,
three-sided; smooth, angles sharp. Leaves numerous, sheath-
ing, sub-erect, rigid, keeled, smooth. Umbel compound, small.
for the size of the plant. Jnvolucre from two-to, three-leaved,
erect, unequal, the longest being three times the length of the, *
_ umbel, and the shortest equalling the latter: Spikes lanceo~
late or cylindric, large ; some sessile, some peduneled, Seales,
_ three-toothed, the Jateral ones torn, the middle long ; A> .
7 bulate, ikeek green, tho rtet:réet-colonntd of Seed three-sided, —
VOL, I, o
7
296° TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Scirpus.
35. S. strictus. R.
Culms straight, from twelve to eighteen inches high, cu-"
lumnar. Umbel compound. Involucres chatty ; scales obtuse,
diandrous and roundish, compressed.
Grows on a moderately dry, hard, barren, sandy soil.
- Root fibrous, Culms straight, naked, rigid, from twelve to
eighteen inches high, round, very smooth, Leaves radical,
short; rigid, but smooth, Umbel terminal, sometimes decom-
pound, contracted, seldom more than two inches long, and one
broad, Jnvolucre from two to four, small, chaffy, tapering
sheaths. Spikes ovate, small, many-flowered, Scales with a.
broad, white, membranaceous border, Stamens two, Stigma
two-cleft. Seed much compressed, obcordate, dotted with
brown.
36, S. brevifolius, :
Culms erect, from six to eight inches high, semi-culugainta;
Umbel decompound; involucels chaffy ; scales cuspidate,
monandrous. Stigma bifid. Seeds obcordate, striated,
Is found generally on low sandy pasture ground,
Root fibrous. Culms erect, mostly naked, from six to. |
eight inches high, flat on one side and rounded on the other.
Leaves sheathing, short. Uimbel terminal, decompound.
FInvolucre from two to three-leaved, shorter than the umbel. '
Spikes small, oblong ; while young sessile, but when old ap-
pearing peduncled, the scales and seeds gradually dropping |
off and leaving the rachis naked. Scales keeled and_ ointed. |
Stamen single. Style broad, enlarged at the base; above,
the margins are hairy. Stigma two-cleft. Seeds obcordate, —
convex on the outside, flat on the inner, white, striated. oe
Obs. The single stamen and striated seed are the best’
specific marks. It much resembles Rottboel’s figure of Si.
dichotomus, but that species is described by Vahl as having
three stamina: (see Fimbristylis Srinenas enum, i, Pe aoe
aie | Bese Lie ses eter y at a ae
*
Scirpus. TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, | 227
37. S. aestivalis, Retz. Obs. iv. 12.
Spikes rounded, sub-squayrose ; involucre six-leaved, a Wie:
er than the compound umbel: scales monandrous. Vaht.
enum. ii, 288, (under Fimbrtaeytt ) at
I received this elegant little grass from Nepala where it
grows in low fields during the rainy season.
38. S. diphyllus, Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd. i, 301.
Culms erect, from one to two feet high, semi-culumnar.
Umbel decompound ; scales obtuse, diandrous. Seeds round-
ish, obcordate, smooth.
z. imbristy lis diphylla. Vahl. enum. ii. a
~ Delights in a rich wet soil.
Root fibrous. Culms erect, seven-eighths naked, from’ one
to two feet high, sometimes a little compressed. Leaves chief-
ly radical, half the length of the culm, rigid. “Umbel termi-
nal, decompound. Facts two or font Teaved, the larger
about the length of the umbel ; partial involueres small ;
spikes numerous, oblong, some ‘went some pe uncled, ex-
clusive of the naked birch of those that are old, dark brown.
Scales oblong, obtuse, dark brown, Stamens two. Stigmas
3 hat amd Seed obcordate, much compressed, smooth, bro vn.
Cee er
39. S. miliaceus, Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd, i. a a
gram. 57, t. 5. f. 2. Retz. Obs. 5. 16.
Culms erect, from one to two feet high, semi-culumnar,
Umbel decompound, Involucres and iboWeeld shorter than
the umbels and pmbellets. Seed obcordate, pine
- Fimbristylis miliacea. Vahl. enum. ii. 287.
This species delights in wet pasture ground.
_ Root fibrous. Culms: erect, baie one to two fet ot i
fe 14
-
five leadeil “uneq ba but the Sats is el doti so long as the’
umbel. Involucels like the involucre, but much smaller.
Ze: 02
a
228 TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Scirpus.
Spikes sessile, or peduncled, oval, rust-eoloured, many-flow-
ered. Scales broad, a little pointed, very concave. Siamens
two or three. Style enlarged at the base, broad, with hairy.
margins. Stigma two-cleft, Seed obcordate, compressed,
pearl-coloured, striated, without bristles.
40. S. complanatus. Vahl. enum. ii. 279, Retz. Obs. 5.14.
Culms sub-erect, from one to two feet high, edged, Umbel
from compound to super-decompound. Involucre two-leav-
ed, erect; scales lanceolate, Seed obcordate, dotted. :
Hind. Kuratiya juvani, .-
A native of moist or wet places. i
Root fibrous. Culms nearly erect, but waving a x: lites
from one to two feet high, naked except at the base, compress-
ed, two-edged; edges sharp, and turned different ways; _
striated, smooth, often a little twisted. Leaves radical, or em
bracing the base of the culm, nearly as long as the culm, linear,
waved, often a litile twisted, apex abrupt. Umbel super-
decompound, dense. Involucre two-leaved, opposite, erect,
unequal, the longest about the length of the umbel. Jnvolu-
cels chafty, alin like bristles, Spikes sessile, or short+
pedicelled, oblong, few-flowered. Scales rust-coloured, acute.
Seeds obcordate, nen’ ga
Al. S. saieiloees R. |
ey from one to two feet hicks jomnanaielic Vabel de.
\d and super-decompound, Involgers and i lee
bristly ; scales roundish, diandrous, Seed round, =
Hind, Bura-juvani.
Teling. Murcushalee.
Grows with the other species on moist pasture ground,
Root fibrous, Culms nearly erect, from one to. two feet
high, naked, except at the base, four-sided, smooth. Leaves
radical, and about the base of the culm, bifarious, aperina 7
Sap canis «9 the calm. Rapier: le |
Peay,
Scirpus, TRIANDRIA MONOGYNTA, 229°
cels small, bristlelike. Spikes minute, globular, many-
flowered. Stamens, from one to two, rarely three. Stigma
two or three-cleft, Seed nearly oo es on the’
inside, scabrous, white.
42.8. quinguangularis: Vahl, enum. ii. 279,
Culms from one to two feet high, five-angled. Umbel
super-decompound ; invoduere much shorter than the umbel ;
scales oval, monandrous, Seed three-sided, rugose,
A native of similar places with the last species. ae
- Root fibrous. Culms as in complanatus, and tetragonus,
and of the same height, but in this species always five-sided,
The, angles sharp and the sides concave, Leaves as in'S.
complanatus, Umbel super-decompound, rather thin, and
unequal as in Se, tetragonus, . Involuere three-leaved, the:
largest about the length of the umbel.. Spikes méstly pedi-
celled, oval, very small, few, from: six to eight-flowered.
Scales oval. Stamen one. pars thrée-eleft. shied ft
tlerecsideals rugos |
trie Lares vial et FH x mee
sid ghana powder fo Vievy
~ Culms from six to ten ice high Btn: Umbel su-~
pebdlocinaiennd; ‘rather shorter than the involucre, monan-
drous. Scales obtuse. Seed —— without poh ee oe
ed, and wrinkled. , | Mg
»'A-native of low pasture ground.
Root fibrous. Culms: nearly erect, from six to ten ial
‘ high, mostly naked, nearly round and. striated, ~ Leaves
sheathing, as long as the culm, concave ; edges slightly ae serra
late, somewhat woolly. Umbel teiveaiatile super-dec a
large in proportion to the rest of the plant. - satin eg
teaved, nearly erect, opposite margins slightly serrulate, long-
er than the umbel, a few small seales intermixed, Spikes
very i . Scales oval, concave. Stamens solitary. Style
two-cleft.: ‘Seed obcordate, a little compressed, striated aad
tudinally, and wrinkled transversely.
03
'
230° TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Scirpus,
AA, Sc. anceps. Rs — ‘
Culm erect, twelve inches high, Seewdepnds Tincinot
two-leaved, shorter than the miperutenetay ena a or five
times-divided umbel.
Beng. Joopi.
A native of Bengal. .
45. Se. Kysoor. R.
Culms from five to six feet high, triangular, and biepid:
Umbel super-decompoand, Spikes ovate, Seed oblong,
three-sided, crowned; and beset with five villous bristles,
Beng. Kesoor or Kesooree.
Common in Bengal, growing on the borders of biked; onal
&e. of fresh water, in flower on the latter ee of the
rains, i
‘Root tuberous, with numerous ferruginous fibres. Culms
straight, from four to six feet high, three-angled, the sides
deeply grooved and the angles very sharp, and backwardly:
hispid. Leaves several to each culm, and about their length,
sheathing at the base, above that part deeply channelled,
with the margins and keel while young, somewhat hispid, and
the points Sesig and subulate. Umbel terminal, super-de-.
compound, —Involucre about three, very unequal, the larg-
est from one to two feet long, and the shortest as many
inches; resembling the leaves in form. Spikes ovate, brown.
_ Scales roundish oval, concave, chafiy, brown, smooth; the _
rib’ or nerve ending in a subulate point beyond the rounded
apex. Stamens three-on the exterior side of the germ, one-
bearded bristle between each filament, and three on the back,
making in all five. Germ ovate. Style with swelled; per-
manent, cordate base. Stigma three-cleft. Seed oben?
three-sided, surrounded by the five-bearded bristles, —
‘Obs, It approaches Sc. grossus. Vahl, enum, ii, 270; the
} test marks to distinguish them by, are the bristles which em-
brace’ the germ, and continue with the. seedsheretheyare
five in numb
r acne ans a = :
Scirpus, TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 231
on the margin, with sharp bristles pointing backward, My
Sc, maximus is a much larger species, and the germ destitute
of bristles, , _
46. Se. grossus, Vall. enum. ii. 270. [i
Culms erect, from six to ten feet high, triangular, Umbel
super-decompound, (Seed three-sided, beset — six, back-
wardly hispid bristles,
Exclude Sc. grossus, Retz. Obs. v. 15, which T presume
is my Sc. maximus; the germ and seed being there destitute
of the bristly involucre. To which of these Sc, grossus, Linn.
Suppl. ought to be referred, I camot say. ;
This, next to Sc. maximus, is by far the largest species 1
have ever met with. It grows in standing sweet water.
Culm erect, mostly naked, from six to ten feet high, three-
sided; angles sharp, sides concave. Leaves radical, and
round the base of the culms sheathing, much keeled, almost
as long as the culms; edges slightly scabrous. Umbel super-
decompound, five or eight inches each way. Involucre
three-leaved, the largest about two feet, the shortest six inches,
they taper to a long, acute point ; margins pretty smooth. In-
volucels chatty. Spikes oblong, dark-brown, many-flower-
ed, Stamens three, with two bristles between each pair,
Style three-cleft. | Seed three-sided, embraced by the six en-
larged bristles, which are armed on the edges with stiff, bent
back, short hairs,
t
a. Sev maximus. R,
Culms straight, from six to fifteen feet high, tria
Umbel. shleesineueis apie roundish, Seed ob
Penoaitteds without bristles. _ i o
22 8e. somite Retz, Obs. v. Lb. pa probably Linn. ane
” 104. ee
‘ ee aay 7 se Seadawing, « Paced water.
» Root fibrous, and stoloniferous, Culms erect, most rigid,
O4
232 TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Scirpus,
naked, except at the base, from six to fifteen feet high, and
from one to two inches in diameter, three-sided ; angles very
sharp ;.sides somewhat concave. Leaves mostly radical, al-
most as long as the culm, much keeled, (a transverse section
appears like the letter V,) smooth, inside only a little striat-
ed, Umbel superdecompound, generally about a foot long.
Involucre trom three to four-leaved, the largest from three —
to four feet long, the smallest from tliree to four inches, —
smooth, Jnvolucel chaffy. Spikes minute, ovate, few-flower-
ed, Scales broad; and short. Stamens three. Stigma
three-cleft. Seed three-sided, without bristles, which easily
distinguishes it from the last Sc. grossus,
Obs. 1 have not’ in any of the foregoing genera of Cype-
roidee@ taken notice of the sheaths which embrace the base of — g
the peduncles and pedicels of the umbels, and their sub-divi-
sions; because they are common to all, and so much alike,
that I do not think they can convey any information, | Nor,
have I attended to the form of those peduncles and pedicels;
because I have not found it uniform, The culm, inflorescence,
involucre, and seed, are:I think, the best marks to discrimi-
nate the species by, particularly the culm and seed, The
number of stamens and divisions of stigma, sometimes vary
even in the same plantimanch more in different plants of the
_ Same species, — fer bs
Nearly the whole of the plate cen to the six forego-
ing genera (called Calamarie by Linnzeus, and Digpctoidoa
by: Jussieu) are natives of low, barren, moist places, and bor-
ders of rice fields on the coast of Coromandel. They appear,
blossom, and ripen their seed during the rains, and the be- _
ginning of the cool season, a are in general rejected by)
cattle, t i te. ae
Cenchrus. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. 233
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
PEROTIS. Schreb. gen. N. 1714.
Calyx none. Corol two-valved ; valves equal, and awned,
1. P. latifolia, Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd. i. 324.
Culms piped, from nine to eighteen inches high. Leaves
short, waved, and ciliate, Raceme cylindrical.
Tsjeria-kuren-pulla, Rheed. Mal. 12. 117, t. 62.
Anthoxanthum indicum. Linn. sp. pi. ed, Willd, i. 157.
Saccharum spicatum, Linn. sp. pl. 79.
Is a native of high, dry, sandy, barren ground, over the __
coast of Coromandel.
Root fibrous. Culms at the base resting on the ground,
and there branchy, above erect, leafy; jointed, from nine to
eighteen inches high, smooth. Leaves sheathing, short, broad
at the base, margins waved and hispid; sheaths about half —
the length of the joints. Racemes (not spikes) terminal, erect,
cylindrical, lead-coloured, Flowers numerous, diverging.
Calyx two-valved, both awned, and are totally destitute of
hairs round their base, or any where else. Corol two-valved,
very minute, “Seed... Spat
Obs. Cattle are not fond of this grass.
CENCHRUS. Schreb. gen. N. 1574.
Involucre echinate, and four-flowered. Calyzx from two to
three-valved, one or two-flowered.
1. C. biflorus, R. © : rs,
Spikes simple, cylindric. — Involueres two-flo were red od; seg-
ments subulate, hooked and ini.
> A nativ Z para’ a the Coro-
Nh PGi atk to twenty-four inches high, smooth, °
' _ Leaves long, dieddes. somewhat scabrous; mouths of their
234 | SRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, Saccharum,
sheaths a little hairy. Spikes terminal, solitary, simple, cy ylin-
dric, from three to four inches long. Rachis tlexuose, three-
sided. Flowers numerous, solitary, alternate. Involucre two,
rarely one-flowered, multifid, divisions Jonger than the flow-
ers, subulate, grooved on the back, inside hairy, apex slight-
ly hooked. Both flowers hermaphrodite. . Calyx three-valv-
ed, one- flowered, the exterior one smaller, all are thin, smooth,
nerved, Corol two-valved, valves hard, acute, but not awn- —
ed, in length nearly equal, and scarcely longer than the
calyx.. Stamina three, Styles two, plumose.
SACCHARUM. Schreb. gen. N. 104.
Calyx one-flowered, two-valved, girt at the base with
wool ; corol uncertain. 4
(oEnt
1, S. eylindricum. Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd, i, 323. . :
Culms from one to two feet high, shorter than the leaves.
Panicles linear, white with the wool of the calyx. Corol and. Z
calyx two-valyed and diandrous, or ae
Lagurus cylindrica, sp, pl. 120.
“ ae.
S. Thunbergi. foe pl. ed. Willd, 1,323. Retz. Obs. ¥ ve ao
p. 17. : 18s ea!
Gramen caricosum, Rup. Amb. 6. 17. t. ap 2.
Beng. Ooloo, 1 et aR ee asc at A
_ Teling, Baroombiss, i Ze
sa mative « of moist, stiff, pasture planers poe AE ee
common over Bengal, where the. fields are white with. it
when in flower, after the first rains in Apriland May. oe
Root creeping at some depth under the surface, Culms
erect, simple, from one to.two-feet high, leafy, jointed, joimts
bearded. Leaves, those.of the root or lower part of the culm. ~
are much longer than the culm, tapering equal towards each
end, smooth, those of the culm are little else than sheaths. o
Pomicles seine, arin from three to. four. jnshendenes :
Saccharum, — TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, 235
whiteness, from the quantity of wool that surrounds the inser-
tion of the flowers, Flowers pedicelled, generally simple.
Calyx two-valved, with here and there a long white hair.
Corol two-valved, minute. Stamens two. .
Obs, Cattle are not fond of it, particularly when old, It is
used in the marriage ceremonies of the Telingas. In Bengal
it is much used for thatch, pom .
2. S. spontaneum. Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd, i, 321.
Culms from five to fifteen feet high, Leaves involute when
dry. Panicle linear, spreading, verticelled ; ramification sim-
ple ; calyx ciliate. Corol one-valved.
- Sans, Kasha.
a Kagara. '
Teling. Relloo-gaddy. ) djsorte
Grows on the banks of rivers, in hedges, and on moist, un-
cultivated land ; in a good soil, it is frequently from ten to
fifteen feet high, in a poorer soil, from five to ten.
“Root peremial, creeping very deep in the grounds Culms
annual, erect, leafy, round, lower parts perennial, and : as thick
as the finger, annual shoots about as thick asa common quill,
solid, height various as above observed. Leaves sheathing,
remarkably long and narrow, but firm; margins hispid ; a
transverse section appears crescent; sheaths with their mouths
woolly, Panicles terminal, spreading, erect, oblong’, from one
to two feet long, composed of verticelled, filiform, simple,
~ (except the lower verticil or two,) spiked racemes; spiked,
because half the flowers are sessile, and half pedicelled. The
immense quantity of long, bright, silver-coloured wool, which
surrounds the base of the flowers’ gives: rerrarnaersiad
conspicuous, gaudy appearance. Flowers paired, one-pedi-
celled, the other sessile. de two-leaved 5 nargins |
. © Obs, L have not seen the ripe seed, erway coarse
236 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. Saccharum,
a
that cattle do not eat it, except while very young. It makes
Bends mats for various purposes, and is used to thatch houses.
_ a5 _ fuseum. R. . ’
Erect, five to eight feet high, Leaves ube teow :
smooth, Panicle spreading, verticelled ; ramifications com=
pound. Flowers paired, both pedipellad, wool of the ~~
short and scanty. Coro/s three-valved. .
Beng. Khuree or Pata-Khuree, A
_ A native of damp places over Bengal. Flowering time the
rainy season, Pra
Culms erect, from five to eight feet high, as thick as the
little finger, hairy near the top. Leaves sheathing, lineat-
lanceolate, smooth in every part, except the margins of the
sheaths, which are fringed with much soft hair ; length about _
three or four feet, breadth about, or under two inches. Pani-
cles from one to two feet long, erect, linear, verticelled, except
toward the apex ; ramifications compound ; ramyle nodding.
Flowers paired, one short-pedicelled, the other longer, both
hermaphrodite ; wool of the pedicels, &c. short and in small
quantity, Calyx with ciliate margins, otherwise smooth and
shining. Corol three-valved, of which two aré equal and
nearly as long as the calyx, the third minute, all much cet
ed. Seed long, obovate, brown, smooth, 4 sae
Obs. The natives make des eh y
the pete wis and use it fap screens aaeen fone bon
ies portion of the culms seceiiihons: ail — pee
Leaves narrow, channelled, Panicle oblong, lax, with com=
pound verticelled ramifications ; corel one- velxpdi —
_ Beng. Khuree. sth
A native of Bengal, where it delights in ie wet sees sy
blossoms about the close of the rains, snetiniede be
te onl season...
Saccharum. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. 237
sixteen or more feet long, one half or more, generally resting
on the ground, and striking roots at the joints ; this portion
is often as thick as the little finger, and perennial; the ex-
treme portion erect, Straight, and taper to the thickness of a
crow-quill at the panicle; filled with pith in every _ part,
Leaves from one to six feet long, very slender, pointed, chan-
nelled, bottom of the channel white, margins most acutely
hispid, mouths of the sheaths and for some way above them —
bearded with much soft white hair. Panicles ovate, or oval,
erect, large. Ramifieations coloured, verticelled, compound.
Flowers approximate, paired; one sessile, the other pedi-
celled, both girt with much, pure white, soft hair. Calyx
two-valved ; inner valve ciliate. Coro one-valved, ciliate, »
5. 8. Officine um. Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. i, 821.
Culms from six to twelve feet high... Leaves: flat. : Pavii;
cle ovate, spreading ; branches alternate aise ase Corot
one-valved, .
» Sans. Ikshoo, Rusala, the — varieties Poon:
dra, and Kangwruka, the red, ?
Beng. Ik, Ook, Ak, Kooshiar, also Doart ‘nd Kullooa the
two re pal varieties, and Kajooli the red.
- Teling, Cherukoo-bodi, or Cherukoo-duboo.
Where wild, Ido not know. | Panicles terminal,’ ware
ing, erect, oblong, from one to three feet long, of a gray co-—
litte; from the large quantity of long soft hair that surrounds:
the flower. Ramifications alternate, very ramous, expand-
ing. Rachis striated. lowers hermaphrodite, in pairs;
one sessile, the other pedicelled. Calyx two-leaved, mee =
Corol one-valved, smooth, membranaceous, rose-coloured. ee
Stamens and pistil as in the genus. I have not seoir thie seed.
Obs, It is much cultivated in ie ——. Gircar,
pound. “The cane i is , cultivated on aie peal lands: which
238 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, Saccharum,
can be easily watered; but, unless the farmer pleases, not
easily flooded during vider rains, %
The land is first well ploughed during the sista of April
and beginning of May. The field is then flooded from the
river, if there is not sufficient rain ; the upper part of the
cane is then cut into two lengths of one or two joints each,
(the lower part of the same canes are employed to make =
sugar from) these are placed over the wet field, at about
fifteen or eighteen inches. asunder, in rows, the rows about
four feet from one another, and trode under the soft, wet sut>
face with the foot; in six days after the planting, the field
is again flooded, if there has not been rain. In about eight
days more the shoots appear ; the land is soon after slightly
hoed and weeded, A month after the planting some rotten
chaff, or other such manure, is scattered about the young
plants, Every ten or fifteen days, if there be not sufficient
rain, the field is watered; two months from the planting, —
some stronger manure is strewed about the plants; and every
_ fifteen or twenty days the field is slightly hoed, _ ee ie
weeds rooted out. 4
- During the wet season, drains must be made, to carry” off \
the superabundant water. By August or September, the
cane will be from three to five feet high; in each shoot,
the produce of every cutting, which may contain from three e
to six canes, a straight bamboo is stuck into thé earth, in the
centre; to this thé canes are tied by their Teaves:’ In this
country the leaves are never stript from the cane, but as they
wither are tied round them. This must impede the free cif=
culation of air, which may be conceived hurtful. In Janua~" oe
ry, viz. between nine and ten months from the time they” were
planted, the cane, when stript of its leaves, and the useless
top cut off, will be about as thick asa good stout walking”
cane, and from four to six feet long; they then begin to cut .
the cane, express the juice, and beaks the sugar, which is with
‘eetivte here, a very simple process ; a small mill tu : €
by cattl squeezes a one boiler boils it.
Saccharum. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, | 239°
- In Bengal there are three varieties cultivated, viz. The
above described or common yellow cane, called by the Ben+
galees Poort. Secondly, the purple cane called by them
Kajooli, which is said to yield juice one-eighth part richer
than the yellow cane; but the sugar thereof is always of a
dark colour, The third and last, is a very large, light colour-
ed cane, called Kullooa, which grows in a low swampy soil,
where neither of the other two will succeed ; its juice is still
weaker than that of the yellow cane; but it has these advan-
tages, that it grows to a much larger size, and where neither
of the other two will thrive. It is therefore much cultivated,
because the other sorts planted on higher situations are apt to
suffer from drought, uivideas”
6. S, sinensis. R. pe OA
Culms from six to ten feet high. Leaves ‘iy itt mar-
gins hispid, panicles ovate, with simple and compound ver
ticelled branches, Corol of two valves on the same side,
‘Siem erect, jointed, whole height from ten to fifteen feet ;
the greatest part covered with the sheaths of the leaves;
Joints from four to eight inches long, and from two to three
inches in circumference, colour pale brownish yellow. Leaves:
_ sub-bifarious, tapering from the base, to a long, fine, point ;
plain, smooth on both sides ; margins armed with numerous,’
small, very acute spines pointing forward, length from two
to three feet, and about an inch and a half broad at the base.
Sheaths smooth, with a small ligula, or stipulary ring round:
the inside of the mouth. Panicle ovate, erect; branches,
simple and compound, sub-verticelled, eckeinnan, Jong: rena 3
slender, In S. officinarum the branches ofthe panicle are: —
scattered over the common rachis and are decompound, and)
es on, Daa rst the most obvios specie
dent of the nal small inner scale, or
the corol. Caly ijt ite martoulinis wool, as in.
the genus. “Corol of the! two valves on the same (anterior)
side, the inner one very small, Nectary of two, large, broad,
240 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. Saccharum,
cuneate, crenulate, fleshy scales, which occupy the two pos-
terior sides of the germ, opposite to the two valves of the
corol, =
- Obs, This new species, for such it appears to me, was in-.
troduced from China into the Botanic garden, at the close of
the year 1796, in hope of finding it insome respects better
than the common cane cultivated over India, | It promises:
considerable advantage ; particularly from its being so solid,
and hard, as to resist the forceps of the white ants, and the
teeth of the jackal, two great enemies to’ our East Indian
sugar plantations. At the same time it bears drought mach
better than the sorts in general cultivation. It produces a
“profitable crop even to the third year; while the common
cane of India must be renewed every year. It is also said
to yield juice of a richer quality, ss ap
This seems to be the sort employed over China for making
their sugars, as appears from the following’ extract of a letter
fron Mr, A. Duncan, surgeon to the factory at Canton, to
Richard Hall, Esq. President, &c. of the Select Committee,
dated Canton 26th October, 1796, which accompanied plants
of this cane from China; explaining the mode of neler
and manufacturing the sugar in the province of Canton.)
“ Sugar canes, A first sand second sort are cultivated in
the province of Canton; the former being small, compact.
and highly saccharine, is manufactured into:sugar, whereas”
- the latter, being of a larger size, and. looser fexture, is gene ae
rally cut* into joints, and ‘eat’ = the aire ets
gently heated, ee Site ie
“ The culture of sugar ‘canes commences: ioe the middle:
of March or begiming of April, in proportion to the tempe-"
rature of the weather, when a good, light, sandy soil is”
thrown up into beds of about four feet diameter leaving i-’
termediate spaces of one and a half, which*serve as:draims’
and passes for the husbandmen, A pompaneneee human
Saccharum, TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, 241
economical) are planted in a slanting position, and occasion-
ally watered at sun-set, till the young shoots rise a cubit
high; when the husk and refuse of the ground nut, or of
some Oleaginous seeds after the oil is extracted, are well
beaten into a kind of powder and put round the root of the
plants, in small quantities, and afterwards covered over with
earth. The canes are now left to the fertility of the soil till
they arrive at maturity, except when it proves such a dry sea-
son, that watering becomes requisite, and are cut down about
the Ist of November. The first sort planted in the foregoing
manner, generally yields three crops while the second re-
quires fresh planting.
“The sugar canes are now removed from the ground to the
mill for expression, The juice, being extracted, is carefully
strained, mixed with a small quantity of lime water, then
poured into large warm iron pans, placed on a platform of
brick work, with fire places below ; it is now boiled for a length
of time, and being removed from the fire, and allowed to cool,
it is a second time strained, and being again returned to the
pans the boiling is repeated for once, or twice, till it acquires
_ asaccharine consistence. The sugar, still very moist, is now
put into. cylindrical jars, which have a small hole in each of
_ their bottoms, for the purpose of draining ; and their tops
_ being covered over with from half an imch to an inch of
_ dayey moist earth, these are placed on stands, and remain for
_ three or four days; when the old earthen covering is remov-
_ed, and a fresh one put on. They continue in that situation.
for three or four days more, the covering is then taken of, and
. the sugar being sufficiently clarified is removed from. the :
- dry, when it is fit for use | |
ae “The mill for oxprenink te jue, of which I have sent a a
ss , 0 fara sapeserilect, pre-
ss its reer is aaeaied to ‘the long axle of one of the Pili,
-- VoL. 1, P ,
; 4
242 . RIANDRIA DIGYNIA. Saccharum..
ders. The canes having undergone one expression, and being
consequently in a split state, are not thrust a second time
through till all the irons are greased. The cylinders are not
always of the same dimensions; those I examined were two
-eubits high, and one and two-thirds in diameter, these are the
common size; I am however told they are sometimes much
larger.” :
Topoint out the benefit that may accrue to the cultivators
of this sugar cane, I need only add the following copy of a
letter from Mr. Richard Carden, superintendent of the Ho-
nourable Company’s rum and sugar works at Mirzapore
Culna in Bengal, to me, dated 13th August, 1801, ——
the introduction of the cane.
“ With respect to the produce of the common Bengal sugar :
canes, I have never been able to collect an account that can —
be depended upon; the natives generally manufacture the —
juice into Jaggery in my neighbourhood; which yields them
nearly 14 cutcha maunds, of 60 sicca weight, per bigha on
an average ; and a profit of about 11 or 12 rupees per bigha.
Neither the white ants nor jackals have committed any de-
_ predations on the China canes that I have planted, although
the latter. have often been seen among them, which certainly
gives these canes a decided preference to the Bengal sugar |
canes. I do not think the China ones degenerate i in the least,
nor do they improve; they appear to me to remain nearly in
the same state. If planted at the same time the natives put
their canes into the ground, they will not make such good
returns as the Belial sort, but planted in the West India
mode, in the month of September or October, and suffered
to remain on the ground till the December or January twelve >
months, they will then yield double the returns of what the —
Bengal canes do, which is owing in part to the length oftime
they are in the ground, and principally to the ants and jack- eS
a ee destroying them, whereas if the Bengal cane was
nain so long on the ground, the natives would have’ ee
difficulty to a part of them from ber ae
oy
_ Saccharum, TRIANDRIA DIGYNTA. 243
ing destroyed, and the young shoots would suffer very much
from the hot winds, and ants, which I witnessed the second
year I came to Mirzapore; but the shoots from the China
canes IJ cut last January, stood the last hot season uncommon-
ly well, and will next January, I have reason to believe, from
_ the present appearance, make half, or nearly three-fourths the
quantity of sugar they did last January ; and that with the
trifling’ expense of clearing the ground twice; cutting, and
manufacturing the juice. Ishould be extremely happy to
have sent you a more particular account, but that is not in
my power, as the native statement is not to be depended
upon, I did purchase twelve cottas of the best Bengal canes
last January, merely as an experiment, which yielded just
half the quantity of sugar my China canes did.”
7. S, procerum, R. .
Perennial, from ten to twenty feet high, erect, 5 i en-
-_siform, with a white rib, and hispid margins. Panicle diffuse,
with verticelled, compound and decompound branches, Co-
rol of the pedicelled flower two, and of the sessile three-valy-
ed, with the inner one retuse. | :
Beng. Teng.
__A native of onl. and by far the most beautiful of the
genus I have yet met with. It comes nearest in appearance
to S, Officinarum, but is a taller and much more elegant
plant.
_ Culms perennial, straight, simple till the second or third
year, then branchy, about as thick asa slender walking cane;
joints from six to twelve inches long, and filled with ‘insipid
pith; height of the whole plant, when in Hors fom ime
twenty feet. Leaves from three to five feet long, ta ering
a long and very fine point, the greatest breadth is is at one | or
Ri ifort, above the , from one to two
id. Sheaths bearded round
— iat at their insertion’ on the outside, Panicles
dere’ on one te two feet long, ovate, erect, composed of
P2
*
244 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA; Saccharum,
numerous expanding, sub-verticelled, compound, woolly
branches, when in blossom much expanded, afterwards they
become erect, and pressed in on the common rachis, forming
a dense cylindrical panicle, and I haye repeatedly observed
this variation in the form of the panicle at different periods, —
to run through the whole genus. lowers in parts, one ses-
sile, the other pedicelled. Calyx purple, woolly. Corol of
the sessile flower three, of the pedicelled two-valved; all are
exceedingly delicate, and the third valve of the sessile flower
is retuse.
‘Obs, The seeds or culms are long, strong andstraight, a
chaplived by the natives for skreens, and various other eco-_
nomical purposes,
8. S. Sara. R
Erect, from eight to twelve feet high. Leaves flat with 7
prickly margins. Panicles dense, sub-verticelled ; 3; ramifica-
tions dstempsound. Flowers paired, one of the pair sessile.
Corol three-valved.
- Sans. Goondra, Tejunuka, Shura. vi
Beng, Shur. .
Sara. Asiat. Res. iv. 247.
“Found i in the vicinity of Calcutta, but vetted rare, hitheass . .
s. spontaneum (which Sir William Jones mistook for Sara)
is very common every where. It is readily distinguished by
‘ being a stronger reed, the leaves much larger, with very his- A
‘pid margins, the ramifications of the panicle decompound, _
and a corol of three valves. Culms perennial, erect, from
six to sixteen feet high, often near the base as thick as the
little finger, smooth, remarkably strong. ’ Leaves, the lower oe
ones from four to eight feet long,and narrow; the superior ones
shorter, broader, tapering from the base to a most fine point,
strong, and rigid ; concave above, margins hispid, Sheaths
from, twelve to eighteen inches long, with a tuft of hair abowe =
their ‘mouths: on the inside. Panicle dense, when in flower
open, when in seed condensed andof a ipsiee, shape, from
Saccharum. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, 9A5
one to three feet long ; branches decompound, or more; the
inferior alternate, the superior sub-verticelled with generally
three sharp angles armed with small stiff bristles besides long
white silky hairs, lowers paired, one sessile, the other pe-
dicelled. Calyx two-valved, clothed with long, soft, white,
silky hairs, Corol three-valved, fringed.
9. S, exaltatum. R.
Culms from ten to sixteen feet high. Leaves flat with prick-
ly margins. Panieles linear, crowded. Calyces woolly. Co-
rol two and three-valved.
Kerpa. Hort, Mal. 12. t. 46. seems to be this, rather than
S. spontaneum,
Teling. Konda-Kanamoo.
A very high beautiful species, a native of vallies. | Com-
pare with S. Arundinaceum. ;
Root creeping. Culms many, erect, feelin ten to sixteen
feet high, towards the base perennial, ligneous, inwardly
spongy, (not piped,) smooth, round, without any groove, or
hollow any where, about an inch in circumference at the
thickest part which is near the middle. Leaves alternate,
sheathing, remote, remarkably long and narrow, but firm, ta-
pering from the middle towards each end; margins armed
with very sharp spines, mouth of the aliclits woul y- Pani-
eles terminal, crowded, when the flowers are on the decay,
linear, oblong, erect, eighteen inches long, three in diameter,
and composed of beautiful Siiesitstliocane downy, short,
sub-erect, ramous, sub-verticelled spiked racemes, —
round, striated. Flowers in pairs, one sessile, the ther pe-
dicelled, both hermaphrodite. Calyx one-flowered,
sarod, itz zalee pointed, and covered ‘ vitl
P3
246 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, Saccharum,
&c. as in the genus. Seed clavate, smooth, clear whitish
yellow,
Obs, Cattle do not eat it,
10..S. Munja. R.
Straight, from eight to ten feet high, every part aio
except the inside of the base of the hispid, long, margined, li-
near, white nerved, channelled leaves. Péinieles large, oblong,
spreading ; branches thereof verticelled, and super-decom-
pound, Flowers all hermaphrodite. Corols two-valved.
Hind. Munja, See Asiat. Res, iv, 248.
A native of the countries about Benares where the natives
make ropes of it. In the Botanic garden it blossoms in No-
vember. I never saw it, nor, so far as | can find, is it known
so low down as Bengal, otherwise I might have ene .
KGnig’s 8. bengaiense, ;
11.8. saikeRielaiun. R, : rs
Perennial, erect, (from eight to twelve feet hich.) ‘Leaves
subulate, deeply channelled, very long. Panieles linear-ob-
long; ramifications simple, and verticelled ; calycine valves
with. ide callous base and Soexin margins; corol one-
valved. s
Asinoet Kewatilak datalg’ species, a native ‘ali pingaijiee |
most thickets, &c. where the soil is rich, seapete in See
and. September,
“QCulnsabpat. 96 tick: ae chctinestisdilics kata
a white substance under the sheaths ; filled with pith. Leaves —
from five to seven feet long, semi-cylindric, no where thicker ae
than a pack thread, the whole being only a perfect channel 3
their sheaths simply bearded at the mouth. ‘Paniclesub- _
cylindric, about two feet long, waving with its immense —
quantity of silver-coloured, long, soft hair, to every breeze.
: val ene — senariable espomcinnet & Bice eu pe s ae
vers paired, one sessile, the other pedicelled. Calycine — ee
Anthistiria, : TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. ; a
ANTHISTIRIA. Schreb. gen. N. 1567.
Polygamous. Involucre one-valved, seven-flowered. Her-
maphrodite flower solitary, with a two-valved, one-flowered
calyx, and corol of one valve and an awn. Accessary florets
male or neuter, six ; four sessile, resembling a calyx, and ‘two
pedicelled, their utriveeané various, ©
1A. ettiaen: Linn, sp. es ed, Willd. iv. 899.
Erect, Leaves taper from the ciliate base. ecessary
florets two or three-valved, neuter, exterior valve of the ses-
sile flower papillose, ciliate near the apex.
A. ciliata, Gert. Carp. ii. p. 465. t, 75.
An erect annual species, a native of various parts of India, ;
appears about the close of the rains, in October and Novem-
ber, and continues during the cool season.
Culms erect, about two feet high, in our rich soil of Ben-
gal, more slender than a crow-quill, smooth, and often colour-
ed. Leaves few, ensiform; broadest at the base and there
more ciliate, particularly the small floral leaves. Sheaths
much shorter than the joints, smooth, and carinated on the
back, Ligula short and chaffy. Panicles sometimes droop-
ing, though in general erect and composed of a few, rather .
remote, axillary branches. Involucres jenuent than the —_—*
smooth, cuspidate.
HERMAPHRODITE Fiowers bearded at the base. Calyx
two-valved ; valves hard, obtuse, and somewhat hairy, by age
changing from straw colour to dark brown, Corol one small,
pellucid valve, and a very strong, long, thick, brown, hairy |
awn on the opposite side, Stigma three. Styles two, with
ochraceous plumose stigmas, which become brown i age.
Nectarial scales large, with: crenate, — :
_Accessany Froners six, all neuter. Calyces two-valved,
hose of the , apillose fede weer the apex ; those
of de? upper ipodicelied two, smaller and smooth. Corols.
‘tone, or of one, small, hyaline valve. Stamina none,
P4
248 - TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. _Anthistiria,
2. A. polystachya, R.
Culms numerous, aaaene Leaves taper from their sub-
ciliate base. Accessary florets three-valved, male, exterior
valves of the sessile four, papillose, ciliate near the apex.
A native of Bengal, and with the other species which are
natives of the same country, appears at the close of the rains,
in October and November. ‘
Culms many, annual, erect, or ascending, smooth, frond one
to two feet high. Leaves about the length of the joints of
the culm, taper from the base, and there sometimes sub-cili-
ate. Panicles slender, erect, or nearly so, composed of a few
alternate, axillary branches. Involucres longer than the flow-
ers, smooth, sub-aristate, vad
- HERMAPHRODITE FLowers breaded at the ita Calye
two-valved, both hard, a little hairy awn on the oppositeside.
Corol one-valved, with a long, strong, hairy awn on the oppe-
site side. : by
Accerssary Frorerts six, all male. Calyces two-valved,
the exterior one of the four sessile florets papillose, ciliate
near the apex. Corol of one transparent valve. seater :
‘threes Pistil none. see
BAL sci Res toes deeded dey ee
Perennial, ramous, mien aided aniteines ih es e
from the joints, Floral leaves with the base ciliate. Pani-
‘eles copious, shaggy. Involucres smooth. Accessary flo-
rets two-valved, neuter ; exterior valve ane: . as
pillose, ciliate near the apex. 6
A native of Bengal ; flowers ities the cool season,
Root — Culms scandent, running to an extent of
-many feet, smooth, ramous, jointed, and coloured; from the
joints numerous roots issue, and enter the ground if not too —
far removed from it. Leaves ensiform, the ‘floral ones miuch ae
“shorter, and ciliate at the base. Panicle terminal, composed a
Anthistiria, TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. 249
ed with a boat-shaped spathe or bracte, and consists of four,
sessile, neuter, two-valved florets in a verticil ; above these
are two more, but much smaller, on short pedicels, with one
sessile, awned, hermaphrodite one in the centre, on a short
scaly receptacle. Calyx two-valved, the exterior valves of
the lower four neuter florets bearded, of the hermaphrodite
ones boat-shaped, and very obtuse. Corol of the hermaphro-
dite flower two-valved, with a long, ferruginous, straight
arista, °
Obs. It differs from A. ese: in being an extensively scan-
dent, penne plant. a
4. ‘Ai Seiseottiin, R.
Culms leaning, geniculate. Leaves ciliate. | Involucres
five-flowered, two awned hermaphrodite ones, and three ci-
diate male ones,
This is one of the smallest of the genus, a native of wily
made pasture land in. the vicinity of Calcutta, where it ap-
pears about the close of the rains, and during the cool season.
_ Culms annual, erect, or leaning, geniculate, smooth, and
coloured ; from twelve to twenty-four inches high. Leaves
ensiform, soft and hairy. Sheaths much shorter than the
joints, Panicles copious, hirsute, composed of numerous
small umbells and these in general of five or more umbellets,
the former with a common cymbiform, bristly involucre, and
the latter with a small, proper characteristic involucre, equal-
dy bristly ; all the bristles’ have a round bulbous base, Um-
bellets five-flowered; the two hermaphrodite ones awned,
and the three male ones pedicelled, and awnless; one of the —
former is sessile below, with a pedicelled male one by it; the ig
other elevated ona common peduncle, embraced by the other —
tw i € ifasalaenbamsothe
‘tO apotin may be jaxinodiately distinguished by its
-umbellets being composed of two hermaphrodite awned
250 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, Anihistirta,
florets, and three male ones. In all the rest, which I have
met with there is one awned hermaphrodite, and six male,
or neuter florets in the umbellet.
5. A. prosirata. Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. iv. 901. :
Creeping. Leaves scarcely longer than their sheaths, Jn-
volucres smooth, Accessar) y florets male, with a two-valved.
hairy calyx and one-valved awnless corol.
A common grass, delighting in rich pasture ground.
~ Culms creeping, or leaning on other plants, filiform, ra-
mous, winding from joint to joint, round, smooth, from one to
three feet long. Leaves below, and on leafy shoots bifarious,
small, particularly the floral ones, smooth. Sheaths short,
compressed, Panicles thin, leafy. Flowers numerous, col-
lected in little pedicelled, involucred fascicles from the axills
of the exterior leaves. Fascicles, or wmbellets, their pedun-
cles are jointed near the apex, and from thence upwards em-
braced by a long, boat-shaped sheath or involucre, Flowers
of the umbellet seven ; one hermaphrodite or female, and six”
male ; four of the male florets on their proper short pedicels.
surround a common pedicel which elevates the hermaphro-
dite or female one, and the other two male florets ; these last.
two have also their proper pesesies all sanemedeamaleits: ;
surrounded withhair, = set |
HERMAPHRODITE TWO, OR Pucuies THREE Raoviails
Calyx two-valved, pointed, Corol one-valved, a pretty long”
twisted awn occupying the place of the other. | Stamens
three, or none. Male flowers, four at the base, and two em- 7
bracing laterally the hermaphrodite, or female flowers, each =
of these two has its proper pedicel. Calyx two-valved; Jan-
ceolate, hairy. Corel one-valved. Stamens three. =
Obs. It often happens that there are two hermaphrodite,
and seven male flowers in the fascicle; in that case one of the —
usual lateral pedicels supports the additional two flowers, Ss
apg iea Py tieeticeaeee Ogata anintg Sees is
Anthistiria, TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, 251
6. A. eymbaria, R.
. Erect, ramous. eaves many times longer than ‘their
sheaths. Involucres smooth. Accessary florets male, with —
a two-valved, ciliate calyx, and a one-valved, awnless corol.
Andropogon cymbarius. Linn. mant. 303. sp. pl.ed. Willd.
iv. 909. ;
-Teling. Pedda Ghella.
This is a large species, I have —_— found it —
bushes on mountains,
Culms many, erect, ‘from ddiiee to six feet high, very ra-
mous, smooth, solid, ligneous, joints smooth. Leaves large in
proportion to the size of the plant. Pamnicles linear, leafy,
erect, composed of innumerable bracted fascicles like those
of the last described. Bractes boat-shaped, ending ina
very long, subulate point, sometimes coloured, and in luxu-
riant plants fringed with many long rigid hairs, Flowers
seven in each fascicle or umbellet as in the last, and dispos-
ed exactly in the same manner, only here the four male
flowers that surround the base of the ——
sessile,
HERMAPHRODITE Pesca? hile Geetuived, Vales
lets nearly equal, obtuse, smooth, of a firm texture. Corol
one-valved, the place of the second is occupied by ee
twisted awn. Stamens three, &c, as in the genus,
Maze Fiowers, Calyx two-valved, the exterior vile
fringed with many strong hairs about the apex. Corol one-
valved. Stamens —s é
7. A. arundinacea, R, epee a Tae
Perennial, straight, from six to twelve feet thigh aaa S
from four to eight feet long; accessary florets male, with both
pp seaman! sooo the exterior valvelet of the .
: ng time the Béprining of the
cool ate |
~ Root pec Culms sinight, jointed, glaucous, between
1
252 TRIANDRIA DIGYNTA, Andropogon,
the joints much contracted, round and very smooth, the lower
joints of the large plant as thick as the fore finger; every
part filled with white spongy pith ; height of the whole plant
when in flower, from six to sixteen feet, In the Botanic gar-
den where the soil is rich some plants are full sixteen feet
high. Leaves from six to eight feet long, slender, deeply
channelled toward the base, recurvate, margins hispid,’ The
radical ones are bifarious, the floral ones alternate, sheaths
smooth, compressed, much shorter than the joints of the culm,
Panicle, the whole upper half of each culm may be so call-
ed, and is composed of numerous,, axillary, very ramous
branches, bending elegantly to one side, particularly witha _
breeze of wind. Bractes one to each umbellet of flowers,
boat-shaped, Umbellets numerous, long, slender, pedicelled,
drooping, each one is composed of four, sessile, awnless ac-
essary male flowers surrounding, and inserted on a short
clavate pedicel, which supports an ee sae
flower, and two pedicelled awnless ones,
Maze Fiowers. Calyx, glume, two-valved, the enterid
valve clothed with much diverging fulvous hair, making it
quite shaggy. Corol, glume, two-valved, linear, membranace-
pus. Neetary of two tote truncated scales, pane
Hesmaphiaaale apenas cialis eunielieds villous.
Corol one-valved, a long arista oceupies the place of the usual
second ss Afertery: ond stamen faiese eerie fa ieee ee.
ANDROPOGON. Schreb. gen. N. 1566.
. Polygamous. Flowers in pairs, hermaphrodite, pe .
Calyx two-valved, one-flowered.» Corol for the most part
two-valved, and generally awned, Male, or neuter pediceh =
ded. falas. os:fe.the Dermoplcadion Cheek Seca sis
: Jseconemads ove oak enti se
Andropogon. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, 253
SECT. I. With terminal Seibel
1. A. serratus, Retz, Obs. v. mi Linn, sp, pl. ed, Willd,
iv. 903.
Spikes solitary, or paired, imbricated with sessile, herma-
phrodite, awned flowers on the outside, and two rows of awn-
less pedicelled male ones on the inside. v1
Sans. Venee, Khura, Guree, Uguree, Khuraguree, Cutiggil
ree, Devutara, Jeemoota,
Beng. Detara, or Detta.
. Anative of pasture ground. Flowers during the cold sea-
son. '
Culms at and near the base creeping, branchy, with only
about a foot of their flower-bearing extremities erect, and as
thick as a sparrow’s quill, round, smooth, joints slightly vil-
lous. Leaves small, inside a little hairy, mouth of the sheaths
hairy. Spike terminal, generally solitary, though sometimes
there are two or even three; when single, long-peduncled,
when two, each has a very short, erect pedicel ; the spike or
spikes are about an inch and a half long. Flowers in pairs,
numerous, imbricated, on one side are two rows of sessile, her-
maprodite ones, and in the other two rows of pedicelled ones;
male rachis waved, jointed and hairy. “Hermaphrodite flow-
ers sessile. Calyces two-valved, the exterior one broad, com-
pressed, striated, a little hairy, rounded at the apex; mar-
gins fringed with hairs; involucre smooth, glossy, keeled,
pointed. Corol of the hermaphrodite flower one-valved ; the
arista which is pretty long and twisted, occupies the place of
a second ; that of the male twe.valved; thei inner one e slender
254 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. Andropogon,
Teling. Yeddi. :
Grows in tufts on rich pasture ground,
- Culms near the base spreading a little, there compressed _
and ramous, the rest from one to two feet high, erect, round,
and smooth ; joints smooth. Leaves below bifarious, middle-
sized, upper side scattered with a few hairs, margins and
mouths of the sheaths hairy. Spikes always single, terminal,
bowing, cylindric; rachis jointed, waved, round, below
where it is occupied by the male and neuter flowers smooth;
above’ where the female flowers are, it is covered with much
short, brown hair. Flowers numerous, imbricated in pairs;
on the lower half of the spike they are all neuter, or male,
and awnless, one sessile, one pedicelled; on the upper half
the sessile flower is female, and the pedicelled one male, .-
MALE or neuter FLowers, Calyx two-valved, one-flower-
ed ; exterior valyelet green, and covered with stiff white hair;
inner valve membranaceous, and smooth, except the margins,
which are slightly ciliate. | Corol two-valved, membranace-
ous, margins slightly ciliate. Stamens three or none.
Femaue Fuowers. Caly2 one-valved, one-flowered, ti-
gid, embracing the corol on all sides, brown, a little hairy.
Corol one-valved, small, the place of the other is mention se
a very long, twisted. arista, |
3. A. tenellus. R.
_ Filiform, spikes paired, Fuses aa Paces. ones
hermaphrodite, and awned ; the pedicelled ones neuter, and —
awnless ; exterior valves of both. calyces. oblong, strinte,’ se
hairy, and three-toothed ; neuter corol of.one minute valve.
A most delicate tall grass, a native of Bengal, where it tape
pears in hedges, &c. during the cool season,
Culms from two to three feet long ; at the base nesting on
the ground, ramous, scarcely so thick asa pack thread ; pe
villous, Leaves slender, a few hairs toward the base. Spike
aired, erect, short-pedicelled ; outside imbricated with we
rows of sessile, awned, nacelle flower, insid earth ee
.
Andropogon. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. 255
rows of pedicelled, awnless, neuter ones. Rachis jointed and
hairy. Calyces two-valved ; exterior oblong, three-toothed,
_ Striated, hairy ; interior acute, three-nerved, that of the neuter
flower shorter. Corol of the hermaphrodite flower one-valv-
ed, with a long brown awn on the opposite, or inner side,
that of the neuter flower single, and very minute.
4. A, binatus. Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd. iv. 918. Retz. Obs.
v. 24,
Slender, towards the base creeping ; spikes paired, incurv-
ed ; flowers paired ; the sessile ones hermaphrodite, and awn-
ed; the pedicelled ones male, with an awnless, two-valved
oti ;
A native of Bengal, appears sista the cool season.
Culms very slender, toward the base ramous, and creep-
ing ; joints with a scanty short beard. Leaves slender, some-
what hairy toward the base. Spikes paired, on a long fili-
form peduncle, short-pedicelled, somewhat incurvate ; outside
imbricated with two rows of sessile, awned, hermaphrodite
flowers ; inside with two very distinct (for they are separat-
ed by a deep groove) rows of pedicelled, awnless, male
ones. Rachis jointed, and hairy. Calyces of both two-
valved ; exterior oblong, hairy, ciliate, five to seven-nerved,
edges thin, apex of the male tridentate, of the hermaphrodite
obtuse. Inner valves acute, three-nerved. Corol of the
hermaphrodite flower of one hyaline valve on the outside and
an arista for the other; of the male one of two very unequal
hyaline valves, ‘Styles two; stigma purple, villous. Seng
oblong smooth, ibe.
5. A. conjugatus. R. : | :
Straight, very ramous, siihatiings Spikes ae both
Aowenn:hermophroinn: ape hou arma cami of
A native of viet and teatnallent of the genus I have
. yet met with. Flowers during the cool season.
256 {RIANDRIA DIGYNIA. Andropogon,
|. Root afew very slender, brown fibres, Culms in tufts, and
yery ramous, filiform, erect, smooth, even the joints ; from six —
to twelve inches high. Leaves minute, a few hairs nearthe )
base. © Spikes always exactly paired as in most species of
Ischeemun, erect, flat on the inside, where they touch each
other. Rachis winding, and clothed with long, silver-colour-_
ed hairs, length about an inch. Flowers in pairs, one sessile, a
one pedicelled, both. hermaphrodite, and both awned. Caly-
ces two-valved, one-flowered ; exterior valve in both lanceo-
late, with the margins copiously ciliate. Corol two-valved ;
valves transparent, and brown ; that (the inner) which gives
support to the arista, bifid. Stamens three. Styles two.
Stigmas long and plumose, |
- 6. A. filiformis, R. ' : ;
Filiform, annual, erect. Spikes paired. Flowers all ses-
sile, solitary ; hermaphrodite, diandrous, with a corol of one
ane which ends in a long awn.
’ This is the most delicate species I have i met with ; “ap
pears in small tufts, on pasture land near Calcutta, in the
months of October, November, and December. ‘
_-- Culms numerous, filiform, smooth, erect, from nine to —
twelve ‘inches high, Leaves small, slender, and smooth.
Spikes two, terminal, filiform, scarcely two inches long. _
Flowers all hermaphrodite, solitary, sessile, no pedicelled —
_ flower being found, no pubescence about the calyx, or rachis.
alyx two-valved, one-flowered. Corol of one large, awned ie
‘ealve.. Stamina two, one of the anthers larger. Germanaie:
Stylestwo, :
a eS a
_ 7A, tristachyos. R.
Spikes three, both flowers oe and both awn
_ ed, Calyces lanceolate, and ciliate.
A cliente, beautiful X species found on » newly i down
Andropogon. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, 257
Annual, with numerous, nearly straight, erect, ‘smooth,
slender, pithy culms, of from one to two feet in height. Leaves
taper from the base, most acute, about as long as the joints
of the culms; a few long soft hairs on the inside near the base.
Sheaths smooth, shorter than the joimts. Spikes two, rarely
three, and I have not seen four, one sessile the other two a lit-
tle more elevated on a common pedicel, expanding ; from
two to three inches long. Rachis jointed, winding, and hairy.
Flowers im pairs, one sessile, the other pedicelled, both her-
maphrodite, and both awned, Ca/yces two-valved ; valve-
lets lanceolate, ciliate; backs smooth, and brown. Corol of
two, small, pellucid, brownish valves, the inner of each, ends
in a long, brown, arista, proceeding from the bifid apex of
the valvelet,
8. A, tridentatus, R.
Spikes paired, hirsute, both flowers sitesi, and
awned, Calyces shaggy, exterior valves en —
tridentate. Corods four-valved. fame
A delicate, rather tall species; a native of niente
- Culms straight. Leaves small. Spikes terminal, paired,
sessile, lanceolate, shaggy. Flowers in pairs; one sessile,
the other short-pedicelled, both hermaphrodite, and both
awned, Calyx, exterior valves in both flowers cuneiform,
with apices truncate, tridentate, back striated ; middle part,
as well as the margins from thence down, and the base beard-
ed with fulvous hairs; inner valve longer than the exterior,
ending in a pretty long arista; margins amply fringed with _
long fulvous hairs, — Corol in both flowers wpe 8 ae
exterior one on the ante watts and reser ec
OLA. . oncenatas Re : — 2 en! : y
iliate cled. Sessile or Pecipieodite
flower awn “ Fait (cad aiargta of the exterior valve of the
calyx seutely pectinate, serrate.
e ¥ot, 1. Q
Y .
se TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, Andropogon.
. A native of Coromandel, and very much like Panicum
setigerum.
Culms scandent, or creeping, emitting roots from the joints,
seems perennial. Leaves lanceolate, base cordate, and stem- —
clasping, apex acute, smooth on both sides, but the edges,
from the middle down, bristle-ciliate... Spikes terminal, two,
three, or four, peduncled. Rachis and pedicel of the male
flower somewhat woolly. Calyces lanceolate ; exterior valve,
_and chiefly that of the hermaphrodite sessile flower with the
margins minutely and acutely pectinate-serrate, Corol in
both two-valved, with an arista in the hermaphrodite one.
10. A. scandens. R.
Climbing ; spikes from three to six, digitste; calyx ddan:
late; male corols one-valved, and awnless; hermaphrodite
ones ieith a one-valved corol and an awn.
‘Grows commonly in hedges, and on that account scandent;
appears and flowers during the rains, stevie,
Culms long, ramous, creeping, or inabings over bushes,
&c. emitting long roots from the joints; smooth and deeply
grooved on one side; flower-bearing extremities erect, and —
about one or two feet long; joints woolly. . Leaves some-
times a little hairy on the upper side, mouths of the sheaths
membrane-stipuled, and hairy. | Spikes generally from three
to six, terminal, short pedicelled, sub-panicled flowers in
approximate pairs ; one hermaphrodite, and sessile, the other
_ male, and pedicelled. In both the calyx-is of two lane
somewhat hairy valyes. In the hermaphrodite one the.corol
is of one valve, and the place of the second valve is. occupied
by a long twisted arista, ‘In the male one it is two-valved.
Obs. It is a coarse grass, Cattle are not fond of it,
HL A, pertusus. Linn, sp, pl. ed. Willd. iv. 922. — | 7 oe
Near the root creeping. Spikes from four to eighties
edic neg exterior’ valye of the. ie awned, hermaphro-
Andropogon. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, 259
dite calyx with a bit on the back; male or neuter — one-
valved. beget!
. Holcus pertusus, Kin. Linn, Mant. 301.
Is found on old pasture ground, whieh i is generally shaded
by trees,
‘Culms creeping near the base, &c. as in 1 the last two species ;
joints bearded. Leaves small, ciliate; mouths of the sheaths
bearded. Spikes from four to eight, in other respects exact-
ly as in the last species. lowers, the specific mark is to be
found in the pit of the exterior valves of the calyx of the |
hermaphrodite flowers, as in A, sfrictus, and A, punctatus,
to be described ; an arista occupies the place of the second
valve of the corol ; the valvelets of the calyx are both awnless.
“Obs! V should doubt this being Kénig’s Holcus pertusus,
Gf he had not pointed it out to me intl roe
12. A. Bladhit. Linn. sp. pl. ed, Willd. iv. 920.
Sub-scandent ; joints pubescent. Spikes from three to six,
sub-panicled. Calyces lanceolate ; male corols two-valved;
pds Hebi ones Ss with an arista ; s flowers paired.
Beng. Loari,
A native of noire and road sides, but chiefly of old ‘pas-
ture ground, —
~ Culms as in the last described species; joints much beard-
ed. Leaves the same. Spikes from four to eight, short-pe-
dicelled, inserted round the last half in each of the culms; in
other respects they are as in the last described species. ' The
flowers resemble those of that species, but are a little more
remote. i and = 2 the same as in >) scandens, cigs
49: A, 1s iil: Linn, ap pl. dae Willd. iv. 91. ee
"Spikes from six to as fascicled, peduncled 5 “rachis
lane: +; herm ite, sessile, and awn-
ynless ; ; ealyces acute; exterior
260 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. Andropogon,
A native of Coromandel, a stout, erect species, with a
branch from the axill of each of the superior smooth short
leaves, having much the appearance and habit of Bladhii
and perivsus ; from the former it differs most conspicuously
in the valves of the calyces being acute, whereas in Bladhii
they are broad and rounded ; and from pertusus in the want
of the pit on the back of the exterior valve of the ——
dite flower.
: we SECT. Il. With long Bauheids axillary pie -
14, A, monandrus, R.
Erect, filiform, with erect, filiform, branches at, the a,
Spikes solitary, flowers hermaphrodite, and female ; exterior
valvelet of the calyces and corols of both awned ; ; hermaphro-
dite, monandrous, .
A native ot mountainous countries. | . ”
¢ Culms many, ramous, filiform, straight; about a foot high,
round and smooth, Leaves small, base and mouths of the
sheaths hairy. Spikes generally solitary, terminal, and from
the exterior axills, long-peduncled, straight, about an inch
long. Peduneles filiform, jointed, and spathed at the mid-
dle. Rachis jointed, winding, hairy. Flowers numerous, —
imbricated in pairs; one, the hermaphrodite, parle. and the
other, female, pedicelled.
; _ Hermarnropite FLowERS gle Chae tet
neat y equal, exterior valvelet ending in a long slender
arista, ‘the inner one with its apex obtuse, and bearded,
Corol, exterior valve ending in a Jong slender awn, Stamen
one. Styles two, &e. as in the genus, f
Fema.e Frowers pedicelled. Calyx and corol as ine
hermaphrodite ones; only the inner valve of the bani is
— and beardad:
TAs inestoissith :
_ Straight ramous at the top base ofthe leaves ciate,
me. *
Andropogon. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, 3 261
Spikes fascicled on their own proper pedicels; exterior valve-
lets of both calyces pitted ; inner glume of the’ hermaphro-
dite corolawned.
A native of mountains, and their vicinity.
Culms straight, ramous, about two feet high, and as thick
as a sparrow’s quill, round and smooth; joints bearded.
Leaves slender, a little hairy, and ciliate near. the base;
mouths of the sheaths stipuled, Spikes from three to six,
long-pedicelled, and collected on a common peduncle, one
of which is terminal, and one or two more from the next one
or two exterior axills; very slender, perfectly erect, and about
an inch long. Rachis as in the former species. Pedicels
most fine, straight, two inches long, jointed near the base,
where a fine slender spathe begins. Flowers in pairs; one
hermaphrodite and sessile, the other smalland pedicelled.
HERMAPHRODITE FLowers sessile. Calyx as in the
genus, except that the exterior large valvelet has a large pit
in it, as in A, pertusus, Corol, imer valve ae es in
a long twisted awn.
Mate Flower pediccHclt Calyx elisa di pitted
as in the hacconppiatiey flower. Corol two-valved, awnless,
* a 16. Resdeapolgettiliyoo: R °
Straight; spikes numerous, axillary, simple, each ddesihaee
on a long jointed, sheathed peduncle. Flowers, inferior pairs
male and awnless ; one of the superior ones is female and
amply awned, the rats male and awnless.
- A native of the Peninsula of India, The flowers me
resemble those of A. Keeps a but the habit of the; sigramee to
: PO or gsr hes Sewer tini-thirde of the ibaa all male,
, and. awnless, and, as usual, one of them sessile, the other
Os.
262 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. Andropogon.
short-pedicelled ; swperior pairs, the sessile one of each of
these is a slender female, amply bearded at the base with
much dark brown hair, which is the more conspicuous as
every other part of the spike is smooth; the other short-pedi-
celled, male, and awnless, like the inferior pairs. 3
Mate Fiowers, Calyx two-valved: Corol two-valveds
Stamina three.
Femate Fiowers. Calyx of one linear, striated, hard,
dark brown valve, Corol one-valved, with a very long, twist-
ed awn on the other side, Stamina none. Styles two.
SECT. Ill. Panicles naked, and terminal.
17. A. aciculatus. Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. iv. 906. ;
Creeping. Leaves shorter than their sheaths. Panicle linear-
oblong, erect ; ramifications three-flowered, one hermaphro-
dite, sessile, acs two male, peduncled.
Gramen aciculatum, Rumph. Amb. 6. t. 5. fi 1. good.
Raphis trivalvis. Lour. Cochin Ch, 676.
‘Kadira-pullu. Rheed. Mal, 12. p. 97. t. 43.
~ Sans. Shunkhinee, Chora-pooshpee, Keshinee.
Beng. Chora-kanta. ‘
Grows on barren, moist, pasture ground ; its seeds are ex-
ceedingly troublesome to those who walk where it grows,
as they stick in the stockings, and Seige aa
ehingscc: et
/dbasintinitjuiciaieclitighion: sont i feet high, jaiee
and smooth, Leaves small, waved, with the margins prickle-_
ciliate. Panicle terminal, erect, linear-oblong, from two to —
three inches long. Ramifications (or rather peduncles) ver
ticelled, simple, three-flowered, nearly erect; apex armed
with short stiff hairs. Flowers, one sessile, hermaphrodite,
and two pedicelled male ones on each peduncle,
_ Hermarnropite Frower. Calyx two-valyed, nearly —
equal; the inner one ends in a short arista, and has the keel _
scabrous ; ‘base:involvet in brown short hair. Corel two- :
*
Andropogon, TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, 263
valved, the inner one euding’s in a short vigil arista, oe
three, &c. as in the genus.
Mae Frowers, Calyx and corol as in the igs exbept
that there is no arista to the corol.
Obs, It is of a very coarse nature, I never found it poumis
ed by cattle.
18. A, verticillatus. R. A )
Erect, Leaves long, and very ey: panicle conical; ra-
mifications verticelled, three-flowered ; one Herings,
sessile, with two awns; and twé-iddiectod; male, with one
awn each,
A native of mountains, flowering about the end of the we
season,
Root woody, perennial. Culms erect, simple, cy
smooth, round, towards the base soiled, as thick as a small
goose-quill ; from four to six feet high. Leaves approximated,
eighteen inches long, and three quarters of an inch broad ;
margins set with minute spines, and particularly hairy on the
inside near the base. Panicles erect, conical, lax, from eight
to ten inches long, composed of many verticelled, most simple
‘filiform, waved, bowing, three-flowered branches, as in A,
* iculatus,
‘Hermapuropite Fiowers sessile. Calyx, glume one-
. flowered, two-valved, inner valve awned, both hairy, having
the base surrounded with much brown hair. Corol one-valv-
ed, a long twisted awn occupying the place of the other.
Stamens three. Style yellow.
. Mate Frowers pedicelled, one on each side the herma-_
phrodite one; pedicels covered with brown hairs. Calyx,
exterior into a little hairy, and awned, base involved in
. peers: Geclannreleet: Lcaategenaan ie
ss Linn, sp: pl. ed. Willd. iv. ‘912.
} Leaves: ‘marty long. Panicle pepo:
wa hay fei A
264 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. Andropogon...
composed of simple, alternate, filiform, short-pedicelled, erect,
patent branches ; neuter florets two-valved and pedicelled.
A large, leafy, sub-erect species; a native of the moun-
tainous parts of the Northern Cirears. |
lam not possessed of any other description of Swartz’s fe
saccharoides than the specific character, as it stands in Will-
denow’s edition of the species, which agrees with my plant;
1 therefore conclude they are they same.
20. Ischemum. Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. iv. 921, eek
Spikes from six to eight, fascicled, peduncled ; rachis hairy,
Flowers lanceolate, hermaphrodite, sessile and awned ;. male
pedicelled and awnless ; calyces acute, exterior valve hairy. |
A native of Coromandel. _ It is a stout erect species, with
a branch from the axill of each of the superior smooth short _
leaves; it has much the appearance and habit of Bladhii, and
pertusus ; from the former it differs most conspicuously in the
valves of the calyces being acute, whereas in Bladhiithey ~
are broad and rounded; and from pertusus in the want of the.
pit on the back of the exterior valve of the hermaphrodite —
flowers.
+
21. A, punctatus, R.
Erect, simple. Leaves large, Jong, and numerous. Desinle at
) of numerous, simple, second ramifications, Exterior valves
of the gat of both Rennes and neniar graces (pit.
This is is ‘3 Mountain grasa. ai seman}
_ Culms from two to four feet high, ‘Ssithont beantca, diel
bent towards the earth for half a foot, often erect, entirely”
surrounded with the sheaths of the leaves; not piped, but re--
plete with spongy pith. Leaves numerous, large, with some
long white hairs scattered over them near the base; omaha
of ‘the sheaths stipuled, bearded, and woolly. Pasig erect, —
or ne from four to five inches hah ceengeds of ay, oe
be LES
ee Se
Andropogon, _ TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, | 265
chis and flowers exactly asin A. Jascicularis ; except that
here the outer valve of the calyx of both flowers has a pit | in -
the middle. The corol of the hermaphrodite flower wants
the inner valve ; in its place is a pretty long twisted awn.
22. A. fascicularis. R, |
Erect, ramous. Panicle composed of fascicled, simple, or
divided branches. Flowers paired ; hermaphrodite ones awn-
ed ; neuter ones awnless and without a corol.
Teling, Kunda-jeri.
A native of mountains,
Culms erect, jointed, smooth, rather thicker than a crow’s
quill, from ‘thrée to five feet high, sulcated, mostly naked,
rush-like, not piped. Leaves from three to four, small, re-
mote, retrorso-scabrous ; mouths of the sheath hairy; from
each sheath springs a ahiire panicle-bearing branch, Panicle
terminal, six inches long, erect, fascicled ; fascicles remote,
alienate; composed of several erect, filiform, often ramous, —
secund spikes, or spiked-racemes. Flowers in pairs; the
hermaphrodite ones sessile; the neuter peduncled. Common
rachis round, smooth; partial one undulated, jointed, com-
pressed, woolly. |
_ HermMapuropitEe FLower. Caly yt, glume one-flowered,
two-valved, smooth, awnless, base surrounded with wool,
Corol, exterior valve the length of the calyx ; inner short, bi--
fid, with a long twisted awn from the fissure. Neuter floret
small, its pedicel woolly, length of the hermaphrodite flower,
— frevalved, Corol none, ~ipnatey
93. hitehdmanak Rete. Obs. iti. N. 95, and v.
. Erect-in all situations. Leaves sail ‘iov
row}: neg is 7 Pantale ve ti cel : m
ianety anil the name of the last; and Khuskhus the root.
266 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. = Andropogon. —
Tam, Woetiwear.
-Virana. Asiat. Res. vol. iv. p. 306.
It is very common in every part of the coast and Benigeli '
where it meets with a low, moist, rich soil, especially on the
banks of water courses, &c. ;
Root of many perennial, long, spongy, brown fibres. Culms
many, smooth, simple, rigidly erect; a little compressed at the
base, jointed, smooth, inwardly spongy; from four to six feet
high and as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves near the base bi-
farious, narrow, erect, from two to three feet long, pretty
smooth, rigid. Panicle from six to twelve inches long, coni-
cal, composed of numerous spreading, short-peduncled, sim-
ple, linear, verticelled spiked-racemes, Rachis of the spiked-
racemes jointed, winding, naked, Flowers paired, awnless;
one hermaphrodite, sessile ; the other male, and —
insertions nearly naked. |
Hermapnropite Firower. Calyx Hessel nearly
equal, muricated. Corol three-valved, membranaceous, Nee-
tary, two obcordate scales embracing the germ and insertions
-of the filaments, Stamens three, Stigmas feathery.
‘Maze Frower. Calyx as in the hermaphrodite, -—
two-valved. Nectary as above. Stamens three,
Obs. The roots, ‘when dry, and then gently snoieeasil; :
emit ‘a pleasant kind of fragrance; they are employed to make
large fans, commonly ‘called Vissaries; and ‘also screen’
which are placed before windows and doors, which being
kept moist during the hot winds render the air that’ ‘passes
through them, both cool and fragrant, See Observation ¢ po
Aristida setacea, The grass is often employed for thatch.
Dr. Kénig was tooaccurate a Botanist to describe this very
‘conspicuous plant under two names,’ viz. A, squarrosus.
Linn. sp; pl. Willd. iv. 908, and A. muricatus ; the former is
evidently a very different species, and found by him in Cey-
lon, ets on pools of water ; whereas A. murieatus (whieh |
1 fo , -
Andropogon, TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, 267
ly aromatic, as mentioned by Kénig himself, and by Sir
William Jones, particularly when moistened with water. .
I am inclined to think Kénig’s A, squarrosus is my Pani-
cum paludosum ; a species with thick spongy culms, which is
ones found swimming on pools of sweet water.
24, Al glaber, R. | ALS
Erect, ramous, smooth. Panicle ovate, verticelled ; ra-
mification simple, two or three-cleft. lowers casa the
hermaphrodite ones awned, with the calyx pitted ; the male
ones neither pitted nor awned, with a two-valved corol.
Beng. Gundha-goorana,
Found thinly scattered on rather elevated spots ‘over
Bengal. whe
Root perennial. Culms sub-erect, very ramous, smooth,
from three to four feet high. Leaves glossy, smooth in every
part, _ Panicles ovate, verticelled ; ramifications simple, and
two-cleft, or even three-cleft sometimes, Flowers paired ;
the hermaphrodite ones sessile esis awned ; the male: ones pe-
dicelled, and awnless.
HERMAPHRODITE FLOWERS. | Calye Seesaival, aah,
purple-coloured ; exterior valve pitted on the back, Corol
one-valyed, a long awn occupying the place of the second.
Maze Frowers nearly as large as the female. Calyx
“not pet. Corol two-valved. ‘i
2D A. moutanus, R. :
_Shrubby near the base, creeping. Leaves long and slen-
der, Panicle sub-verticelled ; ramifications ramous ; i ACTA,
‘ vot m im nes to pi feet high, and as thick as
: a sarge crow’s quill, Leaves Jong and narrow, a little bairy
268 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, Andropogon,
on the upper side near the base only ; mouths of the sheaths
bearded. Panicle terminal, conical, from four. to eight
inches Jong, composed of many, ramous, sub-verticelled
spikes, or rather spiked-racemes; rachis winding, jointed, a
little hairy. lowers as usual, in pairs, an tales oe
one sessile ; and a neuter one pedicelled,
Fisk manga FLowers. Calyx.two-valved, en
terior one a little hairy. Corol one-valved, a twisted awn
two or three times.the length of the corol supplies the place
of the other. Veuter flowers like the hermaphrodite ones,
but without arista,
26. A. bicolor, R. Rast
Erect. Panicle diffuse, with useing saeabaip wl
super-decompound. branches ; hewiophodite calyces. with
smooth backs, and fringed nsbpiciay corol three-valved, and
awned ; calyx of the neuter flower hairy, with a two-valved
corol.
Holcus bicolor. Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. iv. 929, ;
Beng. Kala-deodhan, ee ted
» Hind. Kala-jooar. nef
~ Teling. Muka-janoo, and Muka-janoolar the grain, -
L have only found it in a cultivated state. '
— Culms generally single, straight, round, rp
to ten feet high, and as thick as the finger or thumb, mostly
covered by the sheath of the leaves. Leaves from one to
mouths of the sheaths bearded. Panicle erect, oyal, dense,
composed: of many ramous, expanding, sub-verticelled
branches, the various ramifications angular and very. hispid
when the finger is drawn backwards over them, their flower- _
bearing extremities hairy. Flowers paired, and, as) in wee
_genus, the sessile one is ee and the pedicelled
“one neuter, iy Hage |
pi vue ote Frowsns esi x Cals valeelts eat oe
Andropogon, ‘TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. 269
of a shining black, with many white hairs round the margins
(ciliated.) Corol three-valved, fringed, the’ second or solita-_
ry valve ending in a short twisted arista. Seeds oval, brown,
smooth, free, with an impression on the back near the base.
Neuter Fiowers pedicelled. Calyx striated, hairy.
Corol two-valved, awnless, Stamens none.
Obs. This and the following species A. Sorghum seem to
‘me to possess more of the character of Andropogon than of
Holcus. 1 have therefore changed their places from the
latter to the former.
27. A. Sorghum. R.
Erect, Panicle contracted, dense ; hermaphrodite wi Bs
hairy. Corols three-valved, awned. —
Holcus Sorghum. Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd. iv. 929. i
’ Beng. and Hind, Jooar. Es
’ Teling. Tella, or Konda (white): janoo - name of the
plant, and Tella-janoolar the grain.
Obs, This also I have only found ina — state. It
differs from the former. —
Ist. In having the P29 Southaited, very acu and
less regularly verticelled.
2d. In having the glumes of the esti of a whitish Ms
colour and very woolly,
_ 8d. In having three valves to the neuter fisereite:
There are two other sorts, which I take to be only varieties
of the last; their names in Telinga are Pacha Gereea) J anoo
ant: Fiore: (red) Janoo,
~. These last two with their varieties sinialiaasiaalila
a rather elevated, good soil. Seed time October; and har-
vest time, January. The produce in good soil is often up-
wards of an hundred-fold. The grain ismuch used for food.
It is probable that 1rough the whole of Southern Asia as
many of the inhabitants live on the various kinds of dry or
‘small grain, as upon rice, and ‘they are reckoned oud as
| ‘wholesome as that is,
270 YRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, Andropogon. —
All kinds of cattle are remarkably fond of the straw not-
sarees its thickness, and solidity. |
28. A. cernuus. R.
Erect, from five to fifteen feet high; lower half with ver-
ticils of roots from the joints, Panieles oval, with numer-
ous, long, compound, cernuous branches ; glumes villous and
fringed. Corol three-valved and fringed, the inner scarce
awned,
Bileus cernuus. Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. iv. 930. ;
This species, (or variety of Sorghum,) is the kind cultivat-
ed by the inhabitants of the Menipoora, Koonkee, and other
mountainous districts immediately east of Bengal. The grain
is milk white ; some of it was sown in the Botanic garden,
during the early part of the rainy season of 1812, and in No-
vember the plants were from ten to fifteen feet high, several
ramous stems arising from the same root, or grain of seed ; all
the joints of the lower half of the original stems which are as
thick as a slender walking cane, throw out copiously. verti-
cils of roots from all the joints, the lower ones near the soil
_enter it, and give additional support and nourishment to the
plants, which are of two, or more years’ duration, if suffered
to remain; the leaves are from twenty to forty inches long,
by woven these broad, soft and smooth, the rib white on both
sides, Panicles large, oval on. the more’slender branches,
aki in those, while in flower erect ; but in such as terminate
the primary stems, the form is obscure, from the drooping ha-
bit of their branches. The flowers agree with those of Shor-
ghum, except that the awn is so small and short as to be hid
within the glume of the calyx ; the neuter flowers are very
minute, and consist of only one or two'slender, villous, caly-
cine glumes. The grain of this plant is the staff of life of —
those wild savage mountaineers, who inhabit the above-men-
tioned countries, where it is one of the few articles cultivated =
| by on: Cattle are fond ot ten ii or rather canes. ee
Andropogon. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. | 271
29. A. saccharatus. R.
Erect. Panicles verticelled, with. eaisiieahake pa
Calyx hairy; corols awnless; hermaphrodite three-valved,
neuter one-vavled,
Holcus saecharatus. Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. iv. 930.
_ Hind. and Beng. Deo-dhan.
Is much cultivated over various parts of India during the ~
rainy and cold seasons upon land which is too high for rice.
Root ramous. Culms erect, round, jointed, sometimes ra-
mous, lower joints radicating from eight to twelve feet high,
three or four inches in circumference near the base. Leaves -
bifarious, sheathing, sword-shaped, margins hispid, the rest
smooth, with a white nerve on the upper side, three feet long,
and three or four inches broad. Sheath as long as the pani-
cle is when young, afterwards the whole is completely bent
down from the weight of the seed. Flowers paired, one her-
maphrodite, sessile ; the other neuter, and pedicelled.
_. HeRMApHRopITE Fiowers sessile. Calyx one-flowered,
two-valved, both valves hairy. .Corol three-valved, the soli-
tary valve precio dagger, shorter than the calyx, Seed
oval, white. ’ ?
NEUTER Reine Gatieelled, ishgs two-valved, pecs 5
Corol one-valved, awnless, Stamens none.
bs. The only circumstance that renders me uncertain
whether this is Holeus saccharatus of Linnzeus is the total
want of the arista in the hermaphrodite flowers ; in other re-
= they agree.
80. A, laxus. Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd. iv. 907...
272 TRIANDRIA DIGYNTA, - Andropogon.
Grows in hedges, on banks of water courses, and on ap
that has lately been in cultivation.
Root somewhat woody, perennial. Culm near the base
bending to the earth, and there rooting at the joints, the rest
” erect; the whole isofa firm ligneous texture, inwardly spongy,
jointed, round and smooth ; below naked, above covered by
‘the sheaths of the leaves. In hedges on the banks of the ri-
vers, &c, where the soil is good, it is often from ten to fifteen
feet high; while on a barren dry soil, not more than one or
two. Leaves long, smooth, except the margins, which are’
scabrous. Panicle very large, oval, often bowing, rather thin,
composed of sub-verticelled, ramous, spreading branches,
with woolly insertions; the branchlets of the branches are
composed of four or six pedicelled, spiked racemes. Rachis
of the spikes jointed, &c. Flowers paired, &e. as in the _—
species,
HERMAPHRODITE FLowers sessile. Calyx SS tactiedl
valvelets equal, hairy, . Corol three-valved, membranaceous,
margins fringed with hairs; the second one retuse, with a
pretty long twisted arista; the inner one very small. Nee-
tary as in the last species. Mate Frowers pedicelled.
Calyx as in the =a Corol two-valved.
31. A, milaceus. R. Hherh |
Erect, from six to ten feet hig ‘Panicle ample, lax ; : ra-
: mifications verticelled, expanding, or drooping. — the:
valved, in both hermaphrodite and male flowers,
~The seeds of this most beautiful stately grass were 7 Wieade |
from Lucknow, by the late Gen. Claude Martin, under the
name of hill grass, It being a native of the mountains north
of Oude. It blossoms in this ‘garden during the latter = of :
the rains,
Culms erect, ramous, smooth, the largest of then wines as
thick as the little finger, general height (in the rich soil of the
anic garden) about ten feet, Leaves ensiform- ancet
sof, and smooth, except the margins, which are a ee a
Andropogon. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, 273
minute sharp bristles, pointing forward, general length from
_two to three feet, and from one to two inches broad near the
base, where broadest. Sheaths smooth, except at the mouths,
and there bearded on both sides. Panicle very large, erect,
with long, slender, smooth, elegantly drooping, verticelled,
compound and decompound ramification, Flowers in pairs,
as in the genus; one hermaphrodite, and sessile; the other
male, and pedicelled. Calya two-valved, one-flowered, oval,
rather obtuse, and hairy, but without the characteristic wool-
ly, or hairy involucre round the base of the flowers. Corol
in both sorts three-valved, membranaceous, and fringed,
sometimes the hermaphrodite flower is awned. Nectary two,
fleshy, broad, truncated, fringed scales,
Obs. In habit this beautiful species comes near my Andro-
pogon tumbackianus, from the Cape of Good pina but is
more elegant in the panicle,
SECT. 1V. Panicles foliaceous.
32. A, pumilus. R.
Erect, twelve inches high; panicles composed of numer-
ous axillary, and terminal, conjugate spikes, on long, joint-
ed sheathed peduncles. Calyx of the sessile hermaphrodite,
flower awned, cuspidate.
A native of Coromandel, and one of the smallest of i
genus,
_ Culms ramous, s erect, smooth, Leaves rather small, particu-
larly the floral ones, which are little more than large sheaths,
Panicle composed of numerous, axillary, and terminal, con-
jugate, hirsute,.secund spikes, elevated on slender, jointed
peduncles, embraced by many delicate, chaffy | bractes at the
base, and by a sheath from the joint upwards, lo in
nteinints hairy rachis, one sessile and herma-
led and male. Calyx two-valved,
agian censpidates Corol one-
ite flower. _
"you. _ : R
274 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, Andropogon,
93. A. parviflorus, R i
Ascending. Leaves linear. Panicle eakys thin; cable :
solitary, with proper, jointed, leafy spathes; both flowers
awned, the pedicelled one a rudiment only.
A very beautiful most delicate species, a native of pe
land up amongst the Circar mountains and also of the moun- —
tains themselves. $ that
Culms very branchy, ascending Alien iis a foot, ora
foot anda halfhigh. Leaves numerous, stuall, linear, rather
- obtuse, mouths of the sheaths stipuled. Spikes axillary, mi-
nute, peduncled; generally one or two, rarely three. Rachis
jointed and waved as in the other species, but here it is
smooth, except at the insertions of the flowers. Peduncles
most slender, jointed at the middle, from whence a small
spathe ascends, which generally hides a part. of its spike. —
Flowers in pairs; one hermaphrodite and sessile, the other
merely the rudiment of a floret on a long clubbed pedicel. _
34, A. Schenanthus. Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. iv. 915. ~~
Perennial, erect. Panicle sub-secund, linear, leafy ; spike-
lets thereof paired, on a common, spathed pedicel, with pro~
per pedicels and spathes ; flowers of both sorts neniewys =
male corol one-valved. adsl
Sans, Malatrinuking, ee '
Beng. Gundha-bena, :
Rameccion. Rheed. Hort. Mal, 12,. p 137. ty: Rp
- Schenanthum amboinicum. Aomey Amb. ne pase 2.
Je 2. Bice eer to Domeerrang'y alpen};
Schcenanthus, or of oy aden of ‘he Materia Mediogt
On the coast I have only found this elegant valuable species:
__ inastate of cultivation, few gardens being without it; Lhave
but twice found it in flower and both times during tern
Root perennial, young propagating-shoots issue: deci, the
axills of the leaves that surround a short, sub-ligneous | ee a
a a Colne from fyot to seven feet bakes Te o% E : j
Andropogon. TRIANDRIA DIGYNTA, 275
ple, smooth, about as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves many,
near the root bifarious, few on the upper part of the culm, |
of a soft texture, pale, green colour, slightly scabrous on’ the
margins when drawn backward against the fingers, other-
wise smooth; from three to four feet long including: their
sheaths, and about three-quarters of an inch broad. Floral
leaves small. Panicle linear, a little bent to one side, compos-
ed of many fascicles of spikes that are both terminal, and from
the exterior axills; Spikes generally paired on a common pe-
duncle, with a common boat-like spathe, or involucre at’ the
division ; each has also its proper pedicel, and both spathe-
shaped. « Rachis articulated, much waved, hairy. | #lowers
in ‘pairs, one hermaphrodite and sessile, the other male and
pedicelled ; the last hermaphrodite flower of each spike has.
_ two males; below, only one male, as the rachis occupies the
place of the other ; this is the case with most of ee of
the genus.
Hermapuropite Fiowers sessile. Glume girt at the base
with wool, &c, as in the family. Corol two-valved, awnless,
Nectary, two, broad, short, wedge-formed, ‘obliquely lobed,
crenulated bodies embr: e the insertions of the filaments ah
the forepartof the germ.
~ Maze Frowenrs pedicelled. Calyx, glumes as’in the her-
voip lrbdite ones, Corol one-valved, awnless. abil as in
the hermaphrodite. Stamens three.
Obs. The fresh leaves are much used as a substitute for
tea. The white succulent centre of the leaf. bearing’ culms is
ohen’ Eel into curries, to give sig an — flavour.
35. A. Foittanbusa: Philosoph. Transact. vol. 80.
_ Iwarancussa. Beak. e+ iv. 109.
“R2
r
276 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. Andropogon.
A native of the skirts of the northern mountains of India.
Dr. Blane found it between the river Raptee and the moun-
tains, and Dr. Boyd about Hurdwar ; it is therefore probably
a native of a very extensive tract along the skirts of that
range of mountains which bounds the plains of Bengal, Ba-
har, Oude, &c. Flowermg time the rainy season,
It grows in large tufts, each tuft composed of a pumber of
plants adhering together by their roots,
Root perennial, the principal parts thereof are thicker than
a crow’s quill, and marked with circular cicatrices, from
these issue many small, firm, aromatic fibres. Culms erect,
generally simple ; from three to six feet high, smooth in every.
part, not hollow, but filled with a light spongy substance.
Leaves, those near the root longer than the joints of the culm,
margins hispid when the finger is drawn backwards over
them, otherwise smooth in every part. Panicle axillary, and
terminal, or the whole may be reckoned a long linear, erect,
or drooping, intercepted panicle, composed of numerous, (ma-
ny of them proliferous,) fascicles of slender, pedicelled, thin
spikes of five joints; each fascicle is furnished with its own —
proper boat-shaped spathe, besides many chaffy bractes
within it among the insertions of the pedicels; and a proper
spathe to each paix of spikes. Flowers on the body of the ra-
chis paired ; one awned, , hermaphrodite, and sessile ; the other
awnless, male, and pedicelled, the terminal “ising are three,
one hermaphrodite, sessile, and awned ; the other ie male,
pedicelled, and awnless. eect
HERMAPHRODITE, Calyx one-flowered, Fo teaben
girt with wool, as is also the rachis, and proper pedicels.
Corol two-valved, and fringed ; inner valvelets two-parted, —
with a short arista in the fissure, Nectary two, minute, leaf-
lets embracing the germ laterally, Stamens, pistil, and seed,
as in the genus. o-
Maxe, Calyz as in the hermaphrodite, Corol. prom
7. and stamens as in the hermaphindiit no Pt | ip
arte ‘9
Andropogon. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. 277
Obs. This species comes remarkably near to A. Schoenanthus
both in habit and taste.
For the virtues of the roots of this plant, see Dr. Blane’s
account thereof in the second part of the SOth volume of the
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London ;
also Asiatic Researches, iv. p. 109. The virtues seem to re-
side almost entirely in the larger parts of the root, marked
with annular cicatrices, the taste is agreeably aromatic, with
some degree of bitterness.
36. A. Martini. R.
Perennial, erect. Panicles linear, sub-secund ; spikelets
paired, three-jointed, with common spathes only ; hermaphro-
dite corols of one valve, and an awn; male awnless.
A native of the high lands of Balla-ghat. General Martin
collected the seeds while there with the army, during the last
war with Tippoo Sultan, and has reared abundance of it at
Lucknow.
It is also now plentiful in the Company’s Botanic garden,
raised from seed sent from thence by that gentleman, whose
name I have applied as a specific one for this elegant plant.
Root perennial, with long wiry fibres. Culms erect, from
three to six feet high, often ramous, smooth, filled with a
spongy pith. Leaves very long, tapering to a very fine point,
smooth in every part and of a soft delicate texture. Sheaths
shorter than the joints on full grown plants, with a membra-
naceous stipulary process at the mouth. Panicles as in A,
Twarancusa ; spikelets paired, but with only three joints.
Flowers also paired, &c. as in the former species, only there
the Wheels pair on the most sessile utes vil
-
R3
278 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA,” Paspalum.
Obs. General Martin, who past me this grass from ——
writes to the following effect :—
“ | took particular notice of a sort of long grass which the
cattle were voraciously fond of, which is of so strong an aro-
matic and pungent taste, that the flesh-of the animals, as also
the milk and butter, have a very strong scent of it. Of this
grass I send you a small stalk, some roots, and seed ; if you
taste the latter, though old, you will find it ofa very pungent
aromatic taste.”
\
PASPALUM. Schreb. gen. N. 31. _ it *
Calyx one-flowered, two-valved, valvelets rounded, equal.
Corol of two valves, and like the calyx. Seed — to the
coro],
1. P. serobiculatum. Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd, i. 330.
Spikes axillary and terminal, sessile, alternate, erect, Flow-
ers alternate, in two rows, or crowded, smooth, Calyces
from three to five-nerved, Culms erect, two feet high; a
mend round, smooth,
Sans. Korudoosha, Saxe. + Ky &
ohBhigl Koda, wile: ij a1 eat
Hind: Kodacka-chouli2o& essl foe eho. thie aa”
Telling. Aruga, en Ba Ss 36h Gee geet geod 4 ty ee ;
Thisi is cultivated by the natives over sasily parts of India. ou
Tt delig ‘in a light, dry, loose soil, but'will grow'in & Aa se
battens whee - Time of cultivation the rainy season, © °°
Root fibrous. Culms erect, ramous, jointed, smoollle ko
about two feet high, involved in the sheaths of the leaves. ae
Leaves sheathing, bifarious, longer than the culm, every part | se
smooth, Sheaths longer than the joints, often embracing the —
spikes like a spathe. Spikes axillary and terminal, from
two to! four, alternate, sessile, erect, secund. Rachis broad, — i
eous, with a waved keel on the inside. lowe
te, , in 1 two Towa; in Toxuriant plate the owe
Paspalum. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, 279
are crowded without order. Calyx ; exterior valve three-
nerved ; interior valve five-nerved, Seeds brown, smooth,
‘size of those of hemp.
Obs. The seed is an article of dict with the Bisidoos: par-
ticularly with those who inhabit the mountains and most
barren parts of the country, for it is in such countries only
where it is cultivated, it being an unprofitable ste 4 and not
‘ ‘sown where others more beneficial will thrive. T have eaten
of the boiled — “~ — it as palatable as Tice.
2, P. Kora. Linn. sp. pn ed, Willd. i. 332.
| Spikes terminal, alternate ; ; flowers alternate, in two rows,
smooth, Calyces from ilttos to five-nerved. Culms ive?!
procunibent, from one to eight feet high, |
P. orbiculare, Forst. pe N. 35.
Hind. Kodu.
Teling. Neer (i. e. water) Aruga.!"
A native of the borders of water courses.
- Root fibrous, annual. Culms resting on the puna near
the base, above ascending, branchy, jointed, smooth ; from
one to three feet long. "Leaves as in P. serobiculatum, but
shorter. Spikes generally two, or three, though in very
‘luxuriant: plants: I have seen seven or eight, terminal, sessile,
‘horizontal, and erect, the rest as in the last described. ae
Obs. Cattle are very fond of these two Fi
_— or dry: a
. Ae ds Hi capatheeer Lite. sp. a ed. Willd. i i. 332. nee
Obs. iv. 15, pokes |
-- Spikes paired, ‘terminal, horizontal. Cale oblon ;
tuse, smooth, ‘Culms: creeping. Tagen
Resende: Rheed, _ Mal: 12 ip. ‘shit, a4,
o um. Retz. Obs. iv. p, 15.
tive of low pastu pasture ground. Pe aeih P. tie.
_tichum, Linn. p. ph. ed. Led. Willd. i, 322. 4
_ Root creeping. Culms creeping, with their extremities
R4
280 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. Paspalum.
ascending six or eight inches high, jointed, smooth. Leaves
sheathing, alternate, bifarious, short; mouths of the sheaths
bearded, Spikes paired, terminal, sessile, spreading, secund,
Flowers in two rows, alternate, oblong, somewhat paired,
smooth, Calyx and corol without nerves.
A, P, longifolum. R
Erect, simple. ina as long as the culms. Eusiels of .
many simple, alternate, diverging spikes scattered round a
three-sided rachis. Valvelets of the calyx three-nerved. Seed
oval, lucid, and marked with minute pits.
Of what country this is a native is uncertain, It anpesred
in the Botanic garden in 1807, in a place where plants from
Sumatra had been planted, it is therefore more than probable
that the seeds were in the earth,
Culms several from one root, simple, etzpichs, jointed,
nearly erect, round and smooth, height of the whole plant
when in flower above three feet. Leaves long, viz. from one
to three feet, sheaths included, slender, acute, smooth, except
the edges when rubbed backward. Sheaths longer than the -
joints of the culm, and smooth, except at the top, where there
area few, long, soft hairs near the short scagiose ligula, Pa-
nicle composed of from twelve to twenty-four, simple, diverg-
ing spikes, scattered alternately round a three-sided rachis, —
nearly a foot in length, Spikes sessile, with a few, long,
straight, white hairs round their insertions, about three inches
long. Rachis flat, with a waved keel on the underside, and
coloured, waved 1 margins. lowers in numerous, alternate,
imbricated pairs on the underside of the flat rachis, on une-
qual, short pedicels, Calyx of two, very equal, oval leaflets
with a nerve or rib round the margins, and one down the
middle. Seeds oval, dotted with ane small nity
shining.
Panicum, TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, 281
LAPPAGO. Schreb. gen. N. 131.
Calyx from two to three-valved. Corol two-valved, re-
supine, E
L. biflora. R.
Culms creeping. Pedicels two-flowered ; inner valvelets
of the calyx armed with hooked bristles,
Phalaris muricata, Forsk. descript. 202.
Itis a small, prostrate grass, a native of the dryest pasture _
ground on the Coromandel coast.
Culms pressing on the earth, and striking root from the
joints, from six to twelve inches long, ramous. Leaves short,
margins ciliate, and waved; imoullia of the sheaths bearded.
Racemes terminal, simple, fet one to two inches long. Pe-
dicels short, diverging, two-flowered, Flowers lanceolate,
echinated on the back, or outside, diverging on all sides
round the rachis, which is waved, angular, striated, and
downy. Calyx one-flowered, two-valved ; the exterior valve
‘very minute, second or inner valve, (for there is no other,)
lanceolate and completely embracing the corol on all sides, on
the back and sides covered with many, strong, hooked bris-
thes. Corol two-valved, membranaceous, Nectarial <<
large. Stamens, pistil, &c. as in the genus.
doe
__PANICUM. Schreb. gen. N. 107.
Calyx, glume one or two-flowered, three-valved ; exterior
ae minute ; seed i alee to the corol. iss
a Wigge on ie SSEOT. EL Spikes single
LP. indicum. Mant. 184. Retz. Obs. i. p. 9.
Culms from four to eight inclies, ascending from a repent
base. Spikes sub-cylindric, naked. Calyx smooth, no in-
volucres,
282 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, Panicunt,
P. conglomeratum. Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd. i. 341, does not
agree with our plant in having cylindrical spikes with flowers
equally disposed on all sides, This is a very small species,
a native of Coromandel.
2. P. barbatum. R. as
Culms from three to five feet highi very ramous at ‘tops
Leaves lanceolate. . Spikes simple, aylitidaies Involucreis.
simple, and bearded, surrounding on every side a single
flower; seed smooth.
This species, sprung up in beds, in the Botanic garden
where earth had been thrown that came from Sumatra, or
Amboyna. ‘Compare with P. ~~ Linn. sp. si ed.
Willd. i. 835. *
Root annual in Dedirstes Coulis erect, about. an foot hi,
simple, till near the top, there very ramous, Leaves lanceo-
late, often a foot and a half long, hispid on the margins, other-
wise smooth; the sheaths about half the length of the joints,
with a few single hairs at the mouth. Spikes terminal, and —
solitary (though from the numerous ramification of the top of
the culms the whole may be called alarge leafy panicle) sub-
cylindric, about three or four inches long. | Involucrets of
two sorts, the longest-about.twice the length of the flowers —
with their lower half bearded, hence the specific name, which —
for the same reason is also applicable to my Panicum hol-
coides,) the innermost one is in this species about double the —
length of the other five, six, or seyen; all are of a reddish ee
brown colour from the bearded part to the point, The other
sort of involucrets are simple and about the length of the
flowers. The two Sorts surround on all sides a single flower. a
Calyx one-flowered, exterior valve vor minute, Seeds sooth, ee
slender and pointed. oF
Obs. It differs from my P. holcoides in the catmblding
* very en at the “id only, and in the leaves being wont
' Panicum, TRIANDRIA DIGYNTIA, 283
sorts of involucrets equally disposed round the owen and ip
the leaves being puprecai and smooth, 2
3. P. spicatum, R.
Erect. Spikes cylindric. Involucres hairy, surrounding
from one to three awnless polygamous flowers. Calyces
two-valved, both shorter _— the corol, the inner —_ and
retuse,
Holcus spicatus, Linn. sp ea ed, Willd. iv. 928,
Gramen paniceum. Pluck. &c. alm. t. 32. f. 4. good.
Hind. Bujera, or Bujra.
Pedda-Gantee is the Telinga name of the plant, and Ganti-
loo, the grain. —
I have only found this in a cultivated state. It io sill
about the beginning of the rains, viz. the end of ——
beginhing of July, andi is ripe in Septembers)
Culms several, if the soil is good, from the same grain ‘of
seed, erect, with roots from the lowermost joint or two, round,
smooth, from three to six feet high, and nearly as thick as
the little finger. Leaves alternate, —— broad. and
long ; mouths of the sheaths bearded. Spikes or rather ra-
cemes, erminal, cylindric, erect, as thick as‘a man’s thumb,
or more, and from six to nine inches long. Pedicels general-
ly two-flowered, though sometimes only one and sometimes as
many as four. Flowers surrounded with many, woolly, his-
pid purple bristles or,énvolucres, about the length of' the
flower. Calyx two-flowered, one hermaphrodite the other
male, two-valved ; exterior valvelet minute, interior nearly —
as long as the etek retuse, both awnless, Corol of the her-
maphrodite flower two-valved, of the male one-valved. tyle
ae. Stigma two-cleft, — Seed obovate, pearl-co-
' This species is ‘much cultivated over the higher lands on
_ the coast of Coromandel, The soil it likes is one that is loose
*
284 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, Panicum,
and rich; in such it yields upwards of an hundred-fold, the
same ground will yield a second crop of this or some other
sort of dry grain during October, November, December, and
January. .
_ The Hindoo farmer knows four other varieties of this spe-
cies, all of which he cultivates. Their Telinga names are 1sé.
Pitta (birds) Gantee ; 2d. Munda-boda-Gantee ; 3d, Palla-
boda-Gantee ; and 4th. Yerra-Gantee.
Cattle are fond of the straw, and the grain is a very essen-
tial article of diet amongst the natives of these parts. ‘
A, P. involucratum. R.
Erect. Spikes cylindric, numerous, scattered, two-flower-
ed, alternately longer and ciliate; shorter and smooth. Caly-
ces two-valved, the exterior one minute, the inner one waniares
than the corol, and emarginate,
A native of mountains chiefly, where it grows wild,
Culms as in the last species, from two to four feet high ; -
joints woolly. Leaves, mouths of their sheaths bearded.
Spikes as in P. spicatum, but the pedicels smaller, two-flow-
ered. Jnvolucre, many bristles surrounding on all sides the’
flowers; they are of two sorts, simple ones awled, the longer
ones with fringed margins. Calyx one or two-flowered; _
valvelets as in the last species. Corol when there is only one
to the calyx it is hermaphrodite, when two, ee teem he
dite, the other male, as in the last species. Stylestwo,
Obs. 1 know of no use this is put to at present; it may bak
Panicum spicatum in its wild state, though it is more a
Panicum holcoides in its present wild state.
5. P. glaucum. Linn, sp, pl. ed. Willd. i. 335, oe
Culms erect, from one to three feet high; involucel one
bundle of hairy bristles, one-flowered. Flowers kane Ee.
Palzgamous Seed samenneten regune: fe
Panicum. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, ° 285
_. This species is generally found on cultivated lands, grow-
ing amongst the different sorts of small or dry grain. ~
Root fibrous, Culms sometimes near the base resting on the
ground, and striking root; the rest erect, ramous, smooth, a
little compressed ; from one to three feet high. Leaves sheath-
ing, nearly bifarious, smooth ; mouths of the sheaths hairy.
Spikes terminal, columnar, from two to six inches long, Flow-
ers solitary, or jomed to the rudiments of one or two more,
short-pedicelled, numerous, Jnvolucels longer than the flow-
ers, consisting of one bundle of hairy bristles which issue
from the middle of the underside of the pedicel. Calyx ge-
nerally two flowers, in which case one is male, the other her-
maphrodite, with its corol, as in the family. The male corol
consist of one membranaceous glume between the inner.valve
of the corol and inner glume of thecalyz, it has ns stamens
only.-
Obs. It. may probably be P. helvolum of the Supplenen.
tum Plantarum, 197.
In India we have two or sas seriees eatenalaiaieeinan:
Can any pecianneetelIO S cus Peremer ronan
one comes. nen near it, |
6. Prholeoides. R.
Erect. Involucels numerous, scattered, one-flowered, alter-
nately one longerand woolly, and another shorter and smooth ;
flowers sometimes polygamous, Seed oblong, smooth, resem-
bling a small grain of common. oats, |
_ Beng. Swati.
Grows, with the former, on celexa lands, but they
up amongst the mountains.
“Root fibrous. Culms erect, ramous, from. two eotoad feet
high, round, smooth, Leaves sheathing ; sheaths half the
length of the joints; mouths bearded. Spikes as in P. glau-
cum, but larger. Flowers solitary, short-pedicelled, without
order. Involucels numerous, bristles entirely surrounding the
flower; of two sorts, the largest twice the length of the flow- _
286 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, Panicum.
er, and woolly from the middle down, the other sort are small-
er, and: without wool or hair. Calyx one or two-flowered,
as in'the last; exterior valve minute, the other two as long as
the corol, of which the apex of the exterior one is somewhat
three-toothed. Seed smooth, very like common oats, but
smaller, i
Obs, It differs from P. Polystachyon in having the invo-
lucels scattered round the pedicels and flower. It may there-
fore be Rumph’s gramen caricosum, vol. vi. t. 7. f. 2. Aco
7. P. interruptum, Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. i. 341.
Culms above water erect. Spikes simple, cylindric ; —_
crowded, smooth, Cigar seed smooth, ack RY
Benq. Nardula, ED
Teling. Wolam. : econ Re
A very large species, grows in deep lings water. -
Culms ramous, those parts under the water swelled, as_
thick as the little finger, with many fibres from the joints; the
parts above the water erect, about as thick as a common
‘quill, from two to four feet high, smooth, involved in the ~
sheaths of the leaves, Leaves, sheaths longer than the joints,
smooth. Racemes or spikes simple, erect, columnar, from”
four to six inches high, Flowers small, oval, pedicelled, nu-
merous, generally many, from nearly the same place. Jn-
volucre entirely wanting. Calyx two, inner glumes striated, _
a
from six to seven-nerved. Corol, the small flower is a oa
here. Seed oblong, smooth, — nape :
8. P. eurvatum. nian sp. pi = Willd. i. 952,
Culms erect. Spikes curved; flowers crowded, smooth, a os
hermaphrodite ; seed smooth.
Grows about the borders of lakes,
© Culms numerous, ramous, erect, as thick as a crcmtitgaily! oe
frome to te feet high, smooth, » Leaves nUMerous,, Ee oe
*
-—*
Panicum. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, ae
numerous, covering most completely every part of the ra-
cemes, pedicelled, oval. | Calyx, two inner glumes striated,
Corol no neuter, only one ee Seed smooth, shin-
ing, white.
Obs. This may be aly a variety of P. interruption,
9. P. dimidiatum, Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. i. 339.
Spikes secund, jointed ; joints excavated, daggered on al-
ternate sides of the apex, from one to five-flowered, Calyx
two-flowered, one hermaphrodite, the other male.
A native of the Peninsula of India, scarce.
Culms short, oblique, smooth; whole height. from six to
twelve inches. Leaves slender, omnaisths obtuse, rather broad
toward the apex. Spikes solitary, secund jolbmeds smooth,
from three to five inches long. Joints of the rachis from
eight to twelve, rigid, excavated for the reception of the flow-
er, except the lower one or two, which are longer ; in all ex-
cept these a long sharp point or dagger proceeds from the
apex, on the altemnnte sides of the articulation. Flowers lodg-
ed in the concave joints of the rachis, on very unequal pe-_
dicels, the lowermost having each three or more, while those
about the middle of the spikes have uniformly two, and the
last two or three only one. Calyx two-flowered, two-valved ;
flowers both sessile, one hermaphrodite, the other male;
valyes unequal, the exterior one smalle? ; the inner one about
as long as the valve of the corol, or it may be described with:
three valves as in the genus; but then the male flower will
have but one glume. Corols two-valved ; valves nearly equal, :
those of the male flower much firmer, the sides of the. exterior 2
one (which may be called the inner valve of the calyx, ifit
be allowed, to have three), with the sides bent a right an
20b0.Dr. Rotter, of tides an ilies Botnhiat ebliged
288 -TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, Panicum.
me with the only specimens of this rare grass which I have
yet met with, and had he not informed that this was consi-
dered to be P. dimidiatum I should have been inclined to
have taken it for an Ischaemum.
SECT. II. Spikes paired.
10. P. conjugatum, R.
Spikes conjugate, secund, lowers solitary, sessile, awn-
less, Corol, with an accessary neuter valve. ‘Gee
~ A slender, soft, walls half creeping’ species; a native of
Coromandel. It differs from P. distachyon in the number of
the spikes being constantly two, and the flowers always soli-
tary and sessile. To these marks of distinction may be added
that the valves of the calyx are three-nerved, and the acces-
sary one particularly large.
11. P. squarrosum. Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. i. ‘845. Retz.
Obs. iv. 15. and vy, ¢. 1.
Culms creeping, from ten to twenty inches long. Spikes
| _ paired, horizontal, rachis articulate ; flowers in a fascicle on
_the upper end of each joint of the BGS
_ Cenchrus muricatus, Mant, 302.
_ P. dimidiatum, Burm, Ind. 25. t. 8. f. 2.
. A native of dry sandy ground pear the sea. 3
Culms branchy, creeping, with their flower-bearing extre-
mmities sub-erect; from ten to twenty inches long. Leaves ses
short, but rather broad, and covered with soft hair ; ‘sheath :
large, downy, involying most of the culms. Spikes two, ter-
minal, spreading, horizontal, or ascending like a pair of
horns, secund, Rachis composed of from four toeight, oblong —
joints, divided by a waved ridge; on each side of the ridge”
membranaceous. Flowers collected in sessile bundles of from |
four to eight, alternately disposed on the upper end of each —
_ joint. Calyx, the exterior one minute, and lanceolate ; the
second large, embracing loosely the corol, pointed, and tri-
ated 5 the inner one nearly a8 stall asthe exterior, tapering
Panicum. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. a 289
from the base to a fine point, three-nerved ; margins fringed, :
of a chaffy texture. Corol as in the genus, and rather longer
than the inner glume of the calyx, here is a third neutral
membranaceous valve, as in many species of this genus.
SECT. III. Spikes fascieled.
12. P. Dactylon. Linn, sp. pl. ed, Willd. i, 342.
Smooth, creeping. Spikes digitate, secund, corol gibbous
on one side, and twice as long as the calyces.
Agrostis linearis. Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd, i. 375. Retz.
Obs. iv. N.51. Sir W. Jones, Asiat. Res. iv. p. 248,
_ Sans, Doorva, Shutupurvika, Suhusruveerya, Bharguvee,
Onrvehe. Ununta.
_. Beng, Doorba.
Teling. Ghericha,
Tam, Arugam-pilla.
This is by far the most common and useful grass in India.
It grows every where abundantly, and flowers all the year.
__ Root creeping, Culms creeping, with their flower-bearing
branchlets erect, from six to twelve inches high, smooth,
Leaves small, and smooth. Spikes from three to five, termi-
nal, sessile, filiform, expanding, secund, from one to two
inches long. Rachis waved. Flowers alternate, single, dis-
posed in two rows on the underside. Ca/ya mucli smaller
than the corol, Corol, the large or exterior valve boat-shap-
ed, keel slightly ciliate. Stigmas villous, purple. ©
Obs. This most valuable grass forms three-fourths of the
food of our horses and cows in India. It is by the brahmens
of the coasts held sacred to Ganerhe, Soe tims aad
A Ses Pid
ie, mnoath,. Flow rs paire | on unequal aie oleasiry
St ee eae
290: . TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, Panicum,
valve of the calyx minute or wanting, the other two very
unequal, nerved, and ciliate on the margins only.
Obs, Is rather a scarce grass in India, and grows in tufts.
Cattle do not seem fond of it, whereas all are fond of
Dactylon.
14, P. ciliare. Linn. sp, pl. ed. Willd. i. 344.
Culms creeping at the base. Spikes sub-digitate. Flowers
paired, one sessile, the other pedicelled ; inner two valves of
the calyces equally long, and bearded with four woolly
ridges; third minute, — |
Hind. Makur-jalee.
Teling. Shangali-gaddi.
It delights most in newly laid down pasture ground,
Culms creeping, with one or two feet of the extremities
erect, these ramous, round and smooth. Leaves sheathing,
short for the size of the grass ; margins ciliate near the base ;
sheaths sometimes a little hairy, shorter than the joints of the
culm, their mouths rise above the insertion of the leaf, stipule-
like, as in Dr. Smith’s Erharta calycina, but here it is entire.
Spikes or rather spiked-racemes, from four to ten, digitate,
expanding, secund. lowers paired, one sessile, one pe-
duncled, Rachis three-sided, waved. Calyx, exterior valve
most minute. Interior two, many-nerved, four of the nerves _
are clothed with very long, white, soft hairs, ys
. Obs, Small plants on a poor soil, have much the appear- ee
ance of Sen radiata. Guide are very fond of this Brass
pe jfiliforme. 1 Linn, sp, pl. ed, Willd. i, 343. 2
Creeping, filiform, smooth. Spikes, from two to four, sub- ‘
digitate, filiform, secund ; flowers paired, one sessile, the
other pedicelled. Calyx with the accessary valve, minute ace
inner one half the length of the corol or middle one; these
last ‘two are divecinerecd and villous on the margin,
a a oe it was broughr to the Botanic one, es o
Panicum. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, — 291
it thrives well, and bidwotis' the whole year, but chiefly dur-
ing the rains,
Culms ramous, creeping, very delicate, and smooth, a ee
portion next the spikes erect, naked, coloured and filiform.
Leaves soft and small, ciliate, with a few long hairs at the
base, Spikes generally from two to four issuing from the
same point, very slender, secund. Rachis flexuose. Flowers
in a pair, one sessile, Calyx one-flowered, flower herma-
phrodite; accessary valve exceedingly minute, but by careful
observations may always ‘be found; second valve as long as
the corol, the imer one only -half their length, which is
one of the best specific marks; these two have three smooth
nerves on the back, and their margins are slightly bearded, -
Corol two-valved.,
16. P. lineare. Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd. i. 344.
- Sub-erect, smooth, Spikes from two to six, digitate, fili-
ferm. Flowers all hermaphrodite, awnless, and pedicelled,
Calycine valves, the accessary one minute; the inner two
equalling the corol, and three-nerved.
P. lineare. Burm. Ind. p. 25. t. 10. f. 3, is a tolerable re- |
presentation of this pretty delicate grass,
- A native of China, accidentally introduced from thence into
the Botanic garden, where it is in flower the whole year ; but
like most other grasses most luxuriant during the rains. It
has a great resemblance to P. dactylon, ciliare, filiforme, and
aegypticum, but does not creep like them, The flowers are
less regularly paired, more minute, smooth, and obtuse, the
two inner valves of the calyx equal and as long as the corol,
and the accessary one ~— Ne; or not to be fous. y sa
17. P. cimicinum, Linn, sp. pl. ed, Willd, i, 944.
Culms erect, h nairy , from one to two feet high, Racemes
peduncle¢ mbed ; flowers polygamous, in pairs ; exterior
valvelets of ealyces fringed ; corol awned.
-Milium cimicinun. Mant, 184,
; Vey |
ye ane
292 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, Panicum,
A rare plant, native of ground that has been nately in cul-
tivation.
* Culms from. one to two feet high, sub-erect, hairy. Leaves
short and broad, hairy, and fringed round the margin;
sheaths also hairy. Racemes from four to ten; when more than
four or five, the rest are elevated on a common’ peduncle
above the point from whence the first four or five issue; all
are pedicelled, bowing, secund. Flowers in two rows and
in pairs, scarcely ever single. Calyx, border of the inner
valve fringed with red hairs, Corol, the arista is sometimes
wanting, and its valves three-nerved ; in mine there is a se-
cond, or male floret, as in many species of Panicum.
18, P. corymbosum. R,
Sheaths of the leaves bristly. Spikes numerous, cory
ed, Calyces two-valved, Seeds oblong, ees ont
Teling, Cheepa-bora-gaddi,
This species 1 have found only in the malian caine the
Circar mountains; it grows to a great size in standing sweet
water, ne
Culms of great extent, creeping, or floating, with their ex-
tremities erected above the water ; on dry ground I haye-also
found it, where it is in general Gace one to four feet high.
Leaves as in other grasses; sheaths covered with stiff white
hairs, Spikes corymbed, numerous; from four to eight m-
ches long, filiform, sub-erect, secund, level-topped. Rachis,
common. striated ; partial three-sided. Flowers oblong, in
two rows, paired; one very short pedicelled, the other longer.
Calyx two-valved ; the exterior valve small, the other.as large
as the corol, and striated, but no third or inner valve. - Corol
as in the family. Seed oblong, smooth, white.
19. P. brisoides, Linn, sp. pl. el, Willd i. 338...»
Culms eub-crect.' Leaves shorts:
/
Panicum. _ TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, 293
ed. Flowers oval, solitary, polygamous ; inner two valves of
the calyx equal; nectarial petals long; seed ovate, point-
ed, rugose, i.
P, flavidum. Linn. sp, a ed. Willd. i, . 339. Retz. Obs,
iv. 15. appears to be the same plant growing on a barren
soil; this was the opinion of Kénig. P. flacidum of the Bank-
sian Herbarium seems the same, ora variety only. _ sx
Teling. Oda, or W oodoo-gaddi. de oly
lt is common. in every soil and situation, even in deep wa-.—
ter; in one that is rich and moist, it is often two to four feet
long, and again on one that is dry and barren only as many
inches. It. grows in tufts, various nee of it are often tinged
purple. ;
Culms near the base ——- on the ground, and rooting
above, regularly ascending, compressed, smooth, Leaves bi-.
farious, smooth, their Lenertl ‘differs much; mouths of the
sheaths bearded, Spikes compound, secund, their length ‘va-
rious according to the size of the plant. Spikelets secund,
number very various, alternate, erect, pressing on the com-
mon rachis; below they are often two or three times their
length from each other ; above less remote. Rachis common,
somewhat three-sided, and a groove on the outside where
the spikelets rest. Flowers always disposed in two rows,
sub-globular.. Calyx two-flowered. Inner valve the size of’
the corol, middle valve rather shorter; all are striated with
green nerves. Corol, one hermaphrodite, and one male, as in
some of the species already described, always present, ex-
cept in very minute plants, and even then the stamens of the
second. floret are pall sometimes aes aclontes lager ;
20. P. finn, Ta op. pled. Willd. i398
- Oubme from two. to three feet high, creeping at the base.
me. Spikelets numerous, approximate, longer than
es, Flowers hermaphrodite, oblong, two exterior
valvelets of the calyces minute; seed oblong.
ae
294 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. Panicum,
Beng. Peti-nar, -
Teling. Doosa.
Delights in a moist rich soil, such as s the banks of water-
courses, borders of rice fields, &c.
Culms at the base creeping, above nearly erect, round,
smooth, from one to four feet long, including the part that
rests on the ground. Leaves smooth,except about the mouths —
of the sheaths where they are bearded, and sub-ciliate. Spike
compound, secund, exceedingly like that of P. brizoides, only
here it is generally longer, with often as many as twenty-five
or thirty spikelets; their distance from one another is not so -
regular and is generally less than their own length, Flowers
disposed in two rows on the outside of the spikelets, which
are oblong. Calyx one-flowered, the two exterior valves very
small. Seed oblong, pointed, rugose.
21. P. danceolatum. Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd.i. 337.
Culms creeping. Leaves lanceolate, mouths of their sheaths _
elevated and bearded. Flowers hermaphrodite ; valvelets of
the calyces equal, the exterior one awned, Seed smooth, ob-
P. aristatum, of the same author, seems the same grass.) +.
- Compare with P. compositum. Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd.i.
346. In the Banksian Herbarium the same species is labelled
’ P. unguinosum, Grows under the shade of trees, s
«Culms creeping, ramous, with their athealliees Geom, one
to two feet high, sub-erect. Leaves lanceolate, waved, often
tinged with purple; sheaths shorter than the joints, hairy ;
mouths elevated, stipula-like, and hairy. Spikes composed, —
secund ; from six to twelve inches long. Spikelets alternate,
somewhat remote, secund, direction between expanding and
adpressed. Rachis, common and partial three-sided. Flowers
generally paired, one sessile, the other short-pedicelled ; inser-
ae surrounded with hairs, when single there is an
Panicum, TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, 295
and ending in a long waved, purple awn ; exterior glume ra-
ther longer. Corol no neuter, nor male floret. Seed oblong,
smooth, slightly three-nerved. as
Ole Caitle are not fond of it, : Be
6 P. Burmanni, Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. i. 339. Retz.
Obs. iti. N. 16.
‘Culms creeping. Leaves lanceolate, holes flowers her-
maphrodite; all the valvelets of the calyces hairy, and awned.
Seed slender, smooth, pointed.
P. hirtellum. Burm. Ind. 24, t. 12. f.1.
Hippogrostis amboinica. Rumph. Amb. iv. p. 14, t. 5. f.3.
» This species is always found on pasture ground, under the
shade of large trees. :
Culms creeping, branchy, with their extremities tect
Leaves sheathing, lanceolate, waved, hairy ; sheaths half the
length of the joints; very hairy. Spikes compound, secund, .
erect, Spikelets from four to eight, alternate, secund, ad-
pressed. Rachis, common and partial, three-sided.. Flowers
generally paired ; one sessile, the other pedicelled. Calyx,
the two exterior glumes are hairy, and have long awns, that
of ects inner: is. shorter and smoother,
93.4 Pp. Henninen: Linn, sp. pl, ed, Willd. i. 337. J
Culms from one to four feet high. Leaves weil Flow-
ers polygamous, three-fold, sub-sessile. Calyces eaaneae and
hispid; inner valvelets awned.
~ Beng. Dul.
- Teling. Pedda-woondoo.
Siete in wet, cultivated, paddy heel
_- Culms, towards sev tiniliecldngieaciligce daceall-
ing root above erect, which part is from one to foor feet
high. Leaves smooth, soft, with only the mouth of the
sheaths ciliate. Spikes compound, secund, erect. Spikelets
alternate, sessile, secund, expanding: a little. Rachis, both
‘common and partial three-sided. Flowers, very numerous:
84
296 PRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. Panicum,
three-fold below, above in pairs, all sessile, or nearly so; their
insertion surrounded with small bristles, involucre-like., Ca-
lyx, only the inner valve awned, all striated, hairy and hispid.
Corol complete; male florets, besides the usual hermaphro~
dite one,
Obs, This is.a coarse species, Cattle are not fond of it. ©
24. P. crus corvi, Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd, i. 337.
Culms creeping at the base. Leaves downy. Spikes
from six to ten, three times longer than their interstices. Ca-
lyces downy. Corol three-valved. . Seed oblong, obtuse,
smooth, ; wav
A middle-sized, delicate, rare species, found on pasture
ground. Culms filiform, creeping at the base, above nearly
erect, Leaves soft, downy; sheath hairy. Spikes com-
pound, secund, from one to. three inches long. Spikelets from
four to twelve, alternate, adpressed, secund, about: three-
fourths of an inch long ; sometimes there is a very small rami-
fication at the lower part of one or two. Rachis common,
two-furrowed ; partial, three-sided, downy. Flowers paired
_ or single, in two rows; both pedicelled ; pedicels hairy, of |
unequal length, but both short. Calyx striated, very downy.
Corol, the neuter valve i is here, a Seed see smooth,
shining white, SRR ee Sia
25,P. AcieotiniaEiadiapestieed aXdiden ate oe,
Culms creeping at the base. \Spidansfdlokinia-scdeuiahaied
Flowers three-fold, sub-sessile. Glumes of the calyces three- ’
nerved. Corol three-valved, Seed roundish, smooth, i<_
nerved. 9
. Beng. Shama. There is a reddish variety, called Latha
ma,
ling: Woondoo-gaddi.
4 e ig hts in rich pasture ground, | sass P
Culms, below. resting on the ground, and ong ove
sheet int ee ye
Panicum. _ 'TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, 297
little compressed, smooth, Leaves tending to be bifarious,
short, smooth, tapering from the base toa sharp point. Spikes
compound, secund, Spikelets, from six to twelve, alternate,
somewhat remote, secund. . Rachis both common and partial
three-sided ; the two sides from whence the spikelets issue
concave. Flowers two or three from the same point, gene-
rally three; all sessile, or very nearly so; sometimes a’ few
small bristles mixed with them. Cadya: as in the genus, all
the glumes three-nerved, a little hairy, and scabrous. Corol,
the neuter valve is here present, but no stamens, Seed broad,
oval, smooth, a little pointed, three-nerved. |
Obs. Cattle are very fond of it, yet it is not cultivated in
26, P. grossarium. Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willdsi 134965). VE
- Culms creeping. | Leaves soft and downy. Spikes from
six to ten; flowers solitary, sub-sessile: Coral estab
Seed oblong, acute, transversely rugose. | 4
Loves fresh pasture ground.
Culms, in a good soil PRO in a poor
soil nearly erect. Leaves, tapering from the base to a fine
point, somewhat downy, and very soft. Spikes compound,
secund, Spikelets from four to twelve, alternate, secund,
expanding on one side, most simple, in two rows. Calyx
pretty smooth. Corol, the neuter valve is always present,
Nectary a rugose gland between the germ and exterior valve
of the corol, Seed oblong, white, slightly rugose in a rm
verse direction, | Be:
-Obs, The form and rugosity of the seed diane it from,
P, colnet the flowers also. are > here Sirteges seete two Or
Chin atthe hse eeping. oat anit Spies, from
. _anemeigai Eat Mucol.thaete
oe ie sin a * : ' “ is
Fd
28 _‘TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, Panicum.
valved. Seed ovate, longitudinally streaked, and transverse- __
ly rugose.
This is also a native of pasture ground, but chiefly that
which i is shaded. It is exceedingly like the last described
species,
Culms creeping, &c. as in the last. Leaves also the same.
_ Spikes, the same as in P. grossarium. Spikelets or rather ra-
cemes, the lower one or two sometimes branchy in luxuriant
plants. Rachis; common, striated ; partial three-sided, and
downy. Flowers, the inferior ones in pairs, upon a short,
common pedicel ; besides, having their partial pedicels, one
of which is nearly as long as its flowers; above they are often
single, and somewhat remote ; hairs surround the insertion of
all. Calyx hairy. Corol, the neuter valve is here present.
Seed ovate, a little pointed, rugose, like that of the last species.
. Obs. The chief character consists in the lower flowers of
the racemes being paired on a common peduncle, with ped
cels of very unequal lengths and hairy involucres,
28. P. cuspidatum. R. ieee?
* Creéping near the base, wholly smooth. Leaves linear,
without ligula. Spikes compound, secund ; spikelets adpress-
ed, secund. Flowers from one to three, equally sub-sessile, —
all hermaphrodite ; valves of a tages hed and eus-
pidate. Seed cuspidate. rea Me
- A native of si "Found in ich moist sol inflows
and seed in April.
Culms, namerous in luxuriant tufts, creeping near rae ori-
ginal root, then ascending to about two feet in height, ramous,
smooth, Leaves ensiform, smooth, with coloured margins.
Sheaths shorter than the joints, smooth, and completely des-
titute of ligula. Spikes compound, secund, slightly recur-
yate, with the secund spikelets on the convex side pressing
- on the common, three-sided, hispid rachis; often of adall
rple colour. Flowers, from one to"three togethers
equally sub-sessile, Calyz, all the glumes three-nerved, and |
Panicum, -TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, | 299
cuspidate, and generally armed with a few minute bristles.
Corol three-valved ; the third or accessary one metabrana-
ceous, and neuter. Seeds ovate, smooth, cuspidate.
SECT. V. Spikes alternate on all sides of a common rachis.
29. P. setigerum. Linn. sp. pl, ed. Willd, i. 338, his
Culms, below creeping, sub-ligneous, Leaves with cordate
base and ciliate margins. Insertions of the spikelets and flow-
ers bristly. Corol three-valved, Seed oval, transversely ru=
gose,
et Paiagelagainis:
P. setigerum. Retz. Obs. iv. 15.
Grows amongst bushes or under the shade of tree
Culms long; straggling, rooting when they rest on the
ground, firm, almost woody towards the base, but small, and.
very smooth ; joints downy. Leaves sheathing, broad-cordate
at the base, tapering from thence to the point; margins cili-
ate, and waved ; mouths of the sheaths bearded. Spikes com-
pound. Spikelets from four to twenty, secund, spreading,
disposed equally on all sides, Rachis, common four, five, or
six-sided, partial three-sided. Flowers paired ; pairs alter-
nate, in two rows, one sessile, one pedicelled, intermixed with
many long strong hairs, like an involucre. Calya, the two in-
ner glumes downy and striated lengthways with many green
nerves. Corol, the neuter membranaceous, valve always pre-
sent, but no stamens. Seed oval, transversely rugose, pb:
Obs. When exposed to the weather, the leaves are of a
smooth shining deep green, when Pai AAR 5 3
soft, and somewhat downy, which made me sities ink they
were different eee Case: are i ale edd
| 390..P. ei Ans
Creeping. Leaves: ee aaa cea toto, ctemn clonp-
ing ie Spi om = dispomed on
Peed <<
300 TRIANDRIA DIGYNTA, Panicum,
~
all’ sides. Flowers awnless; involucre merck Corol three-
valved, “i3
P. repens. Burm. Ind. t. 11.f. 1. is like this, il the par-
tial spikes are rather too long, and the leaves too narrow.
- Common about the beginning of the rains on cultivated
lands, in gardens, &c. near Calcutta. It is a er: —
species which cattle are fond of,
Culms, creepmg to the extent of from one to two Seti ge-
niculate, smooth, often coloured. Leaves lanceolate, base cor-
date, stem-clasping, and ciliate. Sheaths shorter than the
joints, somewhat hairy. Spikes from four to ten, small, short,
sessile, secund, equally inserted on the four or six-sided, vil-_
lous rachis, Flowers generally paired, and both unequally
pedicelled, with an’ involucre of long soft hairs on the out-
side of the pedicel. Calya ; exterior valve minute, and trun-
cate; the inner two equal, five-nerved. Corol, haratl, neuter,
valve.
3}. P. hirsutum, Kon. rh:
- Leaves broad-lanceolate, with cordate, stem-clasping iiss
nae ciliate, and hairy. lowers polygamous, mae ses-
sile, Seed ovate, olathe rugose.
Hind, oninpnigi
Teling. Salla-woodoo, eee
“Ke foun on the borders of ena lay on pst :
ground, &e. Ze
Culms, spreading at the base; seattocuinallsactiaiini ied |
rooting ; above ascending; joints deowsigs Leaves broad, base
cordate and embracing the culms, much waved, hairy, with
the edges ciliate; sheaths also hairy with a thick beard-round
the mouths. Spikes composed of six or twelve, simple, al-
ternate, secund, expanding spikelets, surrounding a common,
four or five-sided, hairy rachis, Partial, rachis three-sided,
air) ele in “two seca single, patie ermine ae 3
cd
‘
Panicum, TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. 301
calyx with the itiasins. ‘Seeds ovate, sth ru-
gose, white, daggered. icon
Obs. Cattle are very fond of it.
inD@Deial tomentoanth, R,
_ Culms sub-erect, Leaves hairy ;, spikes fei ten to twelve,
oblong, from six to eight-flowered, intermixed with hispid
bristly involucels, Seed ovate, transversely wrinkled. -
This is a delicate, rare species, found growing in tufts, or
dry* pasture ground over various parts of India,
Culms ascending, compressed towards the base, branchy,
from twelve to eighteen inches bigh. Leaves soft, covered
with much, long, soft hair; sheaths half the length of the
joints ; mouth bearded. Spikes compound, terminal, consist-
ing of ten or twelve (generally alternate, though sometimes
in pairs) spikelets of six or eight flowers, intermixed with
hispid bristles, they are not placed on one side, but round the
common rachis, which is generally three-sided. Calyx, the
two interior valves five-nerved; the second, half the length
of the corol, as in P. glancum. Corol has a third neuter valve.
Seed transversely. wrikled as in P. glaucum,
as, ). cagestiazen, pri sp. pl. ed. Willd. i. 334, |
Spikes cylindric, Spikelets quatern, ‘sub-verticelled, dn-
volucels, backwardly hispid bristles, Seeds apn, three-
nerved, and rugose.
Hind, Dora-byara.
. Feling. Chicklenta. i
Delights in a rich soil in out of the way
dheseincbbals &e. i a i ad
bil ean hispid. when felt hocks
wards; mouths of the sheaths hairy, Spikes columnar, com-
— © 302 YRIANDRIA DIGYNIAL Panicum
pound, from three to four inches long, generally matted toge-
ther by means of the bristly involucels, Spikelets or rather
racemelets, tending to be verticelled, generally four m the
verticel, composed of three or four short pedicels, each bear-
ing a few flowers; all intermixed with very stiff bristles (in-
_ volucels) armed with short, stiff, recurved points, by which
' they adhere firmly to every thing that touches them. Calyx
as in the family. Corol, a third neuter valve, but nostamens”
to it. Seed three-nerved, and slightly waved across,
Obs, Cattle will not eat it, so that it is reckoned a trouble-
some weed wherever it is found. ie
Plants reared from English seed, were not near so luxuriant
_as those of India, but evidently the same species. Thun-
berg’s large cultivated variety is certainly Panicum italicum.
Curtis’s figure in his Flora Londinensis is represented with
the leaves broader at the base than our Indian plant, or even
than in plants reared in India from English seed. i
34, P. italicum. Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. i. 336. |
Culms erect. Spikes nodding ; spikelets scattered, ovate;
pedicels from two to three or four-flowered, with smooth
bristles intermixed. Seed ovate, three-nerved.
Panicum, Rumph, Amb, v. p. 202. t. 175. f.2.
_ Sans. Kungoo, Priyungoo,
Beng. Kungoo, and Kungnee,
Hind. Kora.
-Teling. Kora ; Koraloo, the grain, a
This is one of the plants called dry or sda grain, tt is”
cultivated in many parts of India, and requires an elevated, .
light soil, I never saw it wild,
Culms several from one grain of seed, erect, from three to.
five feet high, round, smooth; roots issuing from the lower
joints, Leaves, margins backwardly hispid ; mouths of the —
sheaths bearded, Spikes compound, &c. bervenee is more or :
feof thie, w or neuter ese ae ees cell
Panicum, TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, _ 303:
Obs. Small plants have the spike more erect, and uniform,
without vacancies between the the racemelets. : sed
The seed is an article of diet with the natives. It delights
in a light, elevated, tolerably dry soil. Seed time for the
first crop, about the months of June and July; barvest time in
September; produce about fifty-fold in a favourable season.
A second crop may be had from the same ground, between
September and the end of January.
35. P. strictum. R.
Culms straight, from two to three feet high. Spikes com-
pound, cylindric, straight, with numerous expanding spike-
lets. Glumes of the calyx hairy, and acute, Corol. three-
= valved, the innermost one awned.
Beng, Gang-bena. :
A native of Bengal, where it is found, though rl on
dry barren spots.
Culms straight, from one to three feet high, slander asa
crow’s quill, hairy, particularly at and near the jomts. Leaves
short, straight, broadest at the base, and from thence taper-
ing to a fine point; a little hairy, particularly underneath.
Sheaths more hairy, their mouths bearded with much long,
soft, white hair. Spikes, (panicles) cylindric, straight, com-
posed of numerous, one-ranked, expanding, short spikelets,
Flowers paired, on shorter and longer pedicels which unite
_ before their insertions into the rachis of the spikelets, Calyx,
valvelets acute ; two exterior with a few straight hairs, inner
one smooth; corol-like. Coro/ three-valved, the inner and —
smaller one awned. 6 Ki
Willd i346, 2 Sipe tentine
Cains eet rom three to fe tis fee e thi
sabacidleg F cabelas ef song bristly, t the middle-one _
\
304 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, Panicum.
daggered, the inner one awned. Corol bactinalie. Seed
ovate, pointed, polished. | 7
Beng, Bura-Shama.
Grows on the borders of rice lands, and rich moist places,
Is never cultivated nor made any use of,
Culms erect with a few erect branches. Leaves long, narrow, -
fine-pointed, smooth. Spikes straight, panicled, composed of
- numerous, secund, erect spikelets, surrounding the common
four, five, or six-sided rachis.- //owers numerous, almost al-
ways two together and equally sub-sessile. Calyx, all the
three valves harsh with numerous sharp bristles issuing from
the nerves of the glumes. The two exterior ones with sharp
subulate points; the inner one ends in a pretty long, strong,
hispid arista. Corol, with a third, membranaceous, neuter
_ valve, Seed ovate, pointed, polished. == ss |
Obs. It comes near my P. Sepninontss and -— spa se
bly be the same in its wild state. re
37. P. _frumentaceum. R.
Culms erect, from two to four feet high. “Panicle —
spikes secund, incurved ; flowers three-fold, unequally pedi-
celled. Valvelets of the es daggered, or-awned ; ite
ovate, smooth, cd
Sans, Shpoanhis Persty et ; i oO. poe
: Beng. Shama. aes ©. ; 5 oat ae) pee
_ Teling. Bonta-shama ; dmenbis aie perlaly wise
_ This I have only found in a state of cultivation, it delights
inva light;thtersbly dry, rich soil ; the same ground yields two
crops between the first of the rains in June, July, and the end
of January.
Culms erect, ramous, a little compressed, smooth, from
two to four feet high. Leaves large, margins hispid. Pa
nicle erect, oblong, rigid, composed of numerous, secund, con- os
densed, incurved spikes; they entirely surround the common —
rachis and sometimes tend to be verticelled.. Resbioueine ee
Panicum, TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. 305
ed. Flowers almost always three from the same point, one
sessile, the second short pedicelled, and the third a little long-
er pedicelled. Calyx, with all the glumes three-nerved; the
two large daggered, Corol, with a third neuter valve. Seed
ovate, pointed, smooth. |
_ Obs, There are several varieties of it sido to the Hindoo
farmers. The seed is wholesome and nourishing, it is an ar-
ticle of diet, particularly amongst the lower classes of thena- __
tives. It yields about ng in a good soil, Cattle are’
fond of it,
=
SECT. VI. Pdhiclea.
BB, Pp. isipoecnin; Linn, sp, pl. ed. Willd. i, 352;
Culms creeping. Panicle halved. Leaves stipuled. Pe
_ dicels two-flowered. Inner valve of the wom vaulted.
Corol three-valved. Seed, half round, smooth, | Feel
Grows on pasture ground, under the shade of tron, &e.
Culms creeping, filiform, from one to two feet long, with a
few inches:of the extremities erect. Leaves lanceolate, soft,
alittle downy; sheaths ciliate, with a stipule-like process, —
Panicle halved, oblong, smooth, composed of from three to
ten ramous branchlets, rising on one side only when the plant
is small ; ; pedicels two-flowered. Partial pedicels unequal,
Calyx, inner valve cucullate, obtuse; all the valves striated
and hairy. Corol, with a neuter, but small valve. ‘Seed
smooth, obtusely and obliquely three-sided.
~ 39. P. pace Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. i, 352.
Culms creeping. Leaves with a cordate base, _ Panicle
posi foie one-flowered. The three: valvelets of the
setOobie like those of. P. discos man sends with
VOL, I. T
oo 8
306. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, - Panicum, —
cordate base, from thence tapering to a fine point, downy ;
sheaths hairy, their mouths want the stipule-like process.
Panicle small, about one and a half or two inches long, oval,
ramous ; ramifications smooth. Flowers oval, solitary. Calyx,
two-flowered, the three valves are nearly equal, all smooth
but striated ; the inner one appearing more like a second
valve to the male floret than one of the calyx, and the more.
‘so as it drops off with the seed, leaving the two exterior ones:
behind. . Corol, one. male, or sometimes one neuter, and one»
hermaphrodite, Seed oval, smooth. :
“40. Pp, brevifolium, Linn, sp. pl. ed. Wiild. i. 353. ;
Culms creeping, Leaves lanceolate, cordate. Panicle ovate, .
very ramous; partly hid in the sheath of the exterior leaf, se-
cond valvelet of the calyces bearded; corol three-valved.
Seed ovate, smooth, ”
Grows, with the two pase oN species on dade posure
ground, and is very much like them. ‘i
Culms creeping, as in the two last described species, 1 Paks
rather more robust. Leaves broad, and somewhat cordate at~—
“the base, waved ; margins of the sheaths ciliate. Paniele, the:
lower part always confined within the sheaths of the extreme
leaf, oval, from three to five inches long, composed ofnumer-'
"ous very fine capillary ramifications, the common rachis and ~
larger branches very woolly. Flowers obliquely-oval, numer-
‘n,n very fine, long pedicels. Calyx ; the exterior valve
the second boat-shaped, with the outside covered |
we the third oval. ———e,€ 2 2
valve, but no stamen. Seed oval, smooth, white. .
*
ALP: fentllem Rs. ; fis
Culms ascending, Leaves long. Panicles oblong, very »
_ Yamous, Flowers svlitary, remote; second valvyelets of the
calyces recurved, and pointed. Corol, three-valved, Seed
Panicum. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, 307
. Culms many, branchy; near the ground prostrate, rooting
at the joints, the rest ascending; from one to two’ feet high,
and as thick as'a sparrow’s quill. Leaves soft with white
hairs. Panicles oblong, generally as long as the rest of
the plant, thin, composed of expanding, capillary, ramous
- branches. lowers remote, oval, small. Calya:, the glumes
striated, otherwise smooth. : Coro/, with a third neuter valve,
Seed oblong, smooth, light-brown, Bve-streaked.
A2. P. serrulatum. R.
Culms erect, from two to four feet high. Leaves sword-
shaped, with serrulate margins. Panicle, spiked valvelets
of the calyces sharp-pointed. Seed smooth, oblong.
A large erect, coarse species ; a native of moist vallies,
~ Culms erect, ramous, from two to four feet high, Leaves
somewhat cordate at the base, from thence tapering to a point,
margins ciliate; sheaths as long or longer’than the joints,
smooth, Panicle erect, linear, composed of erect, linear,
ramous ramifications, which stand somewhat remote, parti-
cularly below, so that the panicle-appears to be a compound
interrupted spike. Flowers lanceolate. Calyx, glumes lan- ~
ceolate, very acute, the two inner ones somewhat hispid on
the back. Corol single, hermaphrodite, Seed oblong, smooth,
white.) 9° jek
43. P. Koadindioinnt
- Culms erect, from two to three feet high, Panicle erect,
ovate, thin; ramifications few, three-sided, with sharp hispid ‘
angles; pedicel two-flowered ; valvelets of the calyces cus+
opm Corol three-valved, Seed et possess nt)
ait pe and Kulws-nar. mt rT!
It sows generally. in sweet water an ongst
Culms’ erect]; from two a le swelled miler
the water, and there emitting roots from the joints, Leaves
T2
308 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, Panicum,
erect, acute, retrorso-hispid; sheaths longer than the joints,
with a thick bearded mouth. Panicle oval, diffuse, thin, com-
posed of scattered, sub-alternate, ramous branches ; all near-
ly triangular, the angles sharp, and armed with fine points.
Flowers oblong, pointed, in pairs on a common pedicel with
unequal partial pedicels, Calyx, exterior valve short, broad,
involving the bottoms of the others. Coro/, with a small neu-
ter glume, always without stamens. Seed oblong, smooth,
brown.
Obs. This grass is of a coarse nature; cattle are not there-
fore fond of it, .When it grows on dry ground, the grass is
much smaller, but the les larger.
u, P. haan R.
Culms erect, from two to four feet high, Panicle thin ra-
mifications four-sided, smooth ; flowers pgs seca
Seed oblong, smooth.
Beng. Burunda,
Teling., Gundru.
A native of the moist borders of rice fields, in wet ground.
_, Root fibrous, white. Culms many, ramous ; below resting
on the ground and rooting ; above erect, a little compressed,
smooth ; from two to four feet high. Leaves short and sharp,
inside a little downy; sheaths shorter than the joints ; mouths
bearded. In paludosum they are surrounded on ihe inside
- with hair, Here the ramifications are compressed, and some-
what four-sided, there triangular, and hispid, Panicle more —
contracted than in paludosum. Calyx, the same. Corol, with
a complete male floret, Seed oblong, smooth,
Obs. To distinguish it from P. paludosum, attention ak a
be paid to the leaves, ramifications a the ponsiss and male, a
florets,
4. Le sarrmentosum. R,
Panicum. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. 309.
ry; calyces smooth and obtuse, containing one hermaphro-
dite and one neuter floret, : Gea
A native of Sumatra; and from thence introduced by Dr.
Charles Campbell into the Botanic garden in 1804, where
it grows luxuriantly, and blossoms throughout the year.
Culms round, sarmentose, and of great length, inane, with
nearly erect, frequently ramous, floriferous shoots of about
two or three feet in height rising from the joints; every part.
clothed with much soft hairy pubescence, particularly the
runners, Leaves ensiform, soon becoming reflex, margins
hispid, length from six to twelve inches, from half to three
quarters of an inch in breadth at the broadest part. Sheaths
rather longer than the joints, Panicle terminal, ovate ; com-
posed of many, single, alternate, patent, compound, smooth.
branches. lowers very numerous, awnless, smooth, solita-
ry, pedicelled. Valves of the calyx three, obtuse, slightly
marked with green nerves, the exterior one long, containing:
a two-valyed hermaphradite flower, and a small neuter one.
46, P. miliare, Lamarck.
Culms erect, ramous, from two to three feet x high, isiotte
Panicle thin; flowers paired on a common pedicel, with un-
equal partial aueevae corol three-valyed ; seed ovate, smooth,
five-streaked.
Teling. Nella-shama, Nella-shamaloo, the grain,
- This species 1 have found only in a cultivated state, it is
one of the sorts of dry or small grain which is generally cay
tivated on an elevated, light, rich soil, oe
Culms, many trom the same seed, erect, branchy, roux d, zs
smooth, from two to three feet high. Leaves smooth. Pani-
cle ct beautifully bowing with the ale of the ‘grain -
ers ek, paired upon a common edicel, with
tial pedicels. Calyces, glumes smooth, “‘Brinted lengthways
with nerves. Corol, accompanied by a neuter valye. Seed
: oval, striated, smooth, pany: brown. :
310 -'TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, Panicum.
“Obs, The seed is an article of diet with those Hindoos who
inhabit the higher lands. Cattle are fond of the straw.
47. P. miliaceum. Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd. i, 348.
Culms erect, ramous, from two to four feet high ; the whole
plant very hairy. Panicle oblong; glumes of the calyces cus-
pidate. Corol three-valved ; adventitious valve two-toothed,
Seed oval, smooth, five-streaked.
~ Sans. Vreehib-heda, Unoo.
~ Hind. and Beng. Cheena.
* Teling. Worga; ; Worglo, the grain.
- This is siusthier of the cultivated cerealia; the same soil
suits it as is proper for the last described = Time of
culture immediately after the rains, ~ .
Culms many from the same seed, erect, ramous, very hairy ;
from two to four feet high. _ Leaves large, with long sheaths,
which involve most part of the culms, every part covered
_ with much white hair. Panicle as in the former, only here ~
and there a few hairy. Calyx all the three glumes are much
pointed. Corol the neuter valve is here emarginate, _Nee-
tary two, triangular, emarginate bodies embrace the germ la-
terally. Seed oval, mouth brownish, with smooth, i
streaks lengthways, as in ete last.
48. P. tenue. R. iS A Se
~ Culms erect, ramous ; from one to six. el sighs nDieiiole
‘thin, flowers paired on a common hairy pedicel, eso ag
partial pedicels, Corol three-valved. Seed — rans} ;
ly waved.
This is a wild species, which iba amongst the —_
mountains,
Culms erect, sometimes resting on the ground, and vethioag
root there, ramous, smooth, from one to six feet high. Leaves
large ; upper-side hairy ; edges armed with very sharp points.
Sheaths shorter than the joints,hairy, with their mouths beard-
ed, Panicle erect, till the seeds are ripe, then, as inthe culti-
Panicum. — TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. 311
vated sorts last described, bowing from the weight of the
grain, it is composed of alternate, compound, nearly secund
racemes, Rachis; common from four to five-sided; partial
three-sided, winding, and hairy. Calyx, glumes many nerv-
ed, otherwise smooth. Corol, the neuter valve is here pre-
sent, and in luxuriant plants, the stamens also. Seed oval,
transversely wrinkled, which distinguishes it from all the
other panicled species,
49, P. plicatum. R-
_ Erect, herbaceous, harsh with stiff hairs. Leaves lanceo-
late, plicate. Panicle lanceolate, ramifications compound,
flowers paired, polygamous.
Introduced into the ‘Botanic garden, from the Island of
Sumatra. Flowering time the beginning of the cold season.
Root perennial. Culms erect, or ascending, below as thick
as a goose-quill, and then somewhat cbnlgprebeads every part
- filled with pith. Leaves sub-bifarious, expanding, lanceolate,
plicate, a little hairy; from six to twelve inches long, and
from one to two broad, Sheaths about the length of the joints
of the culms, armed with sharp, rigid hairs; mouth ciliate.
‘Panicle oblong, lax ; lower ramifications rather remote, above
approximate, and composed of unilateral short spikelets.
‘Flowers solitary, paired, or threefold, when more than one
they are on pedicels of unequal lengths ; sometimes there is a
‘single coloured bristle from the pedicels of the exterior flow-
ers. Calyx three-valved, two-flowered, one of the flowers
male, with a corol of one membranaceous glume; the other
_ hermaphrodite, and having the usual two-valved coro. eet oe
< — rugose on the convex side, —
» Obs. Ip s'bf so codes a/tnetartt for élite outs its 6 feline
ake i ranean the Be aloes iweotesenaal |
BRS EY
;
ied R55 28
i Etect] fron/thres: to four feet high. 2 Leaves hiclad: plait-
ea. Sheaths longer than the joints, with the mouths bearded.
T4
&
312 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. Panicum.
Panicle very thin, composed of long, simple, filiform, remote
branches, Flowers generally single, with a neuter valve to
the corol, /
From Nepal Dr. Buchanan sent the seed to the Bobinis
garden, where the plants blossomed in October, just one year
from the time the seed was sown,
Root perennial, Culms erect, slender, completely camel
in the sheaths of the leaves, except from six to twelve inches
below the panicle; height three or four feet. Leaves lanceo-
late, plaited, a little hairy, particularly near the base, from six
to twelveinches long, and oneandahalf broad. Sheaths long-
er than the joints, a little hairy ; mouths bearded. Panicle
very thin, and composed of long, simple, filiform, drooping
branches. Spikelets remote near the base, secund, bearing a
few alternate, generally single flowers, Calya three-valved,
smooth, from three to seven-nerved, Coro, with a third neu-
ter valve, but no stamens.
Obs. In foliage this agrees very waactin with my Mica
plicatum, but differs widely in the panicle.
51, P. costatum. R. ;
Culms creeping. Leaves lanceolate, plaited, very hairy, as
also their sheaths, which are shorter than the joints. Panicle
composed of short ex panding, secund, aphptexeranes Flow-
ers polygamous,
_ Introduced into the Botanic garden from the Manito by
Captain Tennant, in 1802.
Culms creeping, = et out numerous aeong evils ae
the joints; from three to six feet long. Leares lanceolate,
plaited, hairy ; about six inches long, by one broad. Sheaths
shorter than the joints, very hairy, Panicle oblong, smooth,
composed of somewhat compound, secund, spiked-racemes,
with here and there an arista-like coloured bristle. Calyx
eve velred, smooth, from three to five-nerved, Corot three-
_ Phleum. _TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, : 313
Obs, In the foliage this is portale like my P. nervosum
Bat plicatum. seed)
52. P. montanum. R.
_ Culms erect; smooth, from three to four feethigh. Leaves
lanceolate, unequally divided by thenerve. Panicle oblong ;
ramifications capillary, straight. -Corol two-valved. Seed
smooth, oval, three-nerved on the back.
A native of the Circar mouniains,
Root fibrous, froma ligneous perennial head, Culms erect,
smooth, of a firm woody texture, as thick as a crow’s quill,
and three to four feet high. Leaves lanceolate, large, beau-
tifully striated lengthways, somewhat hairy, lower margins
next the mouths of the sheath ciliate; the nerve divides the
leaf unequally, which is an uncommon circumstance in grass-
es, Panicle linear, oblong, from twelve to eighteen inches
long, composed of straight, sub-erect, capillary ramifications.
Flowers small, oval, remote. Calyx as in the genus, Corol
as in the family ; this is one of the few instances of the want
of a male or neuter floret, | Seed smooth, brown, with three
stripes,
-_PHLEUM. Schreb. gen. N. 123.
Calys two-valved, sessile, linear, truncated, with a bicus-
pid tip. Corol inclosed,
1. P. crinitum,
_ Grows in tufts, Culms ascending. Panicle linear, aa! :
Ficoll whseriehceiteameanalts es
_of the calyx awned wel ciliate, soueie re glume of
-eorol awned, _ ee ‘rai re § Pa APs ct ee
al paninn-ef Meek seaaiie di rtheri a of tisin.
_ From the former country it was introduced into the Botanic
garden by Dr. Buchanan ; and from the latter by Col. Hard-
wicke.
314 . TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. . Milium.
Culms numerous from a single root, ascending, length -
from six to twelve inches, round, smooth, and involved in the
sheaths of the leaves, which are longer than its joints. Leaves
ensiform, from three to six inches long, smooth. Panicle li-
near, oblong, dense, exceedingly soft from the immense num-
ber of most delicate, pale-coloured awns. Flowers minute
and numerous. Calyx; glume one-flowered, two-valved ;
valves nearly equal, with a most delicate, long, soft arista from
the apex ; hairy, chiefly on the back, and membranaceous ci-
liate margins. Corol two-valved ; valves obtuse, much short-
-er than the calyx, as in general a very minute awn issues
-from the apex of the Lanier valve, Seed pews gam but
~ obtuse.
Obs. In the cold season of 1802-3, L reared the same grass
from seed sent from England - A. B. Lambert, Esq.
=
MILIUM. Schreb. gen. N. 10.
Calyx, glume one-flowered, two-valved. Corot aroialeed
Jess than the calyx.
1, M. filiforme. R. |
Creeping, smooth. Leaves short, with a stipulary process
at the mouth of the sheath. Racemes two or three, terminals
_-erect, Flowers alternate, solitary, mmr
Hind. Kanka juriya. HAAG a!
- Grows on pasture ground, want, dicate specie ha
med the appearance of Agrostis linearis.
Culms creeping, except a small. fower-boaring. pevtidd fe
which j is erect, round, smooth ; and from six to twelve inches
high. Leaves small, smooth ; silat of the sheaths stipuled,
Racemes two or three, terminal, sessile, erect, secund, Ra-
chis membranaceous, a little waved. Flowers single, alter-
‘nate, imbricated in two rows, awnless, Calyx, glumes neat-
ly, equal, . cu aesaies a hittle hairy. Corol, hase os y
Agrostis. _ TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, » 315
~ 2. M. sanguinale. R. ‘ T
Culms sub-erect, smooth. Racomes susigitate : flowers
three-fold, on unequal pedicels.
- Panicum sanguinale. Burm. Flor. Ind. t..10.f. t.
Beng. Ghiredhitn:
A native of pasture ground.
- Culms sometimes creeping near the base, the rest erect,
smooth, and about a foot and a half high. Leaves long,
‘narrow, smooth in every part. Panicle racemed, sub-erect,
Racemes from four to eight, secund, erect, rachis three-sided,
Flowers generally in threes, though sometimes in pairs or in
fours, all have pedicels:of unequal length. bene and corol
as in the leat aaen
3. M. ramosum, Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd.i. 361.
» Smooth ; culms sub-erect, from two to four feet high. Pa-
nicle six x eight, remote, with somewhat ramous branches,
Flowers paired on common pedeeaed ‘acsieab penis foal.
very hairy.
Found growing in ries tufts, on moist, nich. dentine
ground,
Root creeping. Culms from one to four feet long, spread-
‘ing near the base, and striking root at the joints that rest on
the ground, Leaves smooth. Panicle oval, very thin, com-
posed of a few, from four to eight-compound, spreading, se-
cund, racemes. Rachis of the racemes three-sided. Flowers
below, on a common pedicel, besides which each has its pro-
per pedicel, but of unequal length; above single. Calyx,
valves equal, pointed, and very icsidee ites the ager sacd
= sar: ese ie: a Bh isi? eda
ia " AGROSTIS. Sehreb. _gen. N11 ee,
— Ca ae one-flowered, two-valved, Corel. tvouvaly
ed, larger than the calyx,
316 TREANDRIA DIGYNIA, Agrostis,
1. A. coromandeliana, Linn, sp. Ph ed. Willd. i. 374, Retz.
Obs. iv. N. 52:
Culms from four to eight inches high, Panicle verticel- _
led ; ramification simple, secund ; inner valve of the calyx as
long as the corol ; exterior valve minute. Seed naked, obo-
vate, rugose,
Teling. Yellika-tungoo-gadi,
_ A native of pasture ground.
Culms spreading near the base, then ascending, from four
to eight inches long, mostly involved in the sheaths of the
leaves. Leaves rather broad, waved and slightly ciliated ;.
mouths of the sheath bearded. Panicle oblong ; large for
the size of the grass, composed of expanding, simple, verti-
celled, secund racemes. Flowers awnless, generally in pairs,
unequally pedicelled, Calya, exterior valve small, like that
of the accessory valve in Panicum. Inner as large as the
eorol, and gaping with it when the seed ripens, | Seed, it
drops uncovered by the corol, leaving it andthe calyx in
their places; it is of an oblique oval form, brown, and trans—
versely rugose. 2
~ 2. As tenacissima, Linn. sp. pl. ed, Willd. i. 374,
~ Smooth, creeping, Leaves minute, Panicle filiform ; ex
terior valvelet of the calyx shorter wars aoe corol. a
Teling. Toema-gerika. gh wet Lables
RSA ad apion yeromingt tsi de, si, pasture
ground, where it forms extensive plants of tenacious turf.
Culms: ramous, creeping to a great extent, with from four
to eight inches high of their flower-bearing extremities, erect, —
smooth, filiform, and very firm, Leaves very small, and
smooth, Panicle erect, linear; ramifications and flowers
adpressed, from one to two inches long. Calyx, exterior
valve smaller than the interior, Corol as large and long as
the inner valvelet of the calyx. sein: GaAs SNe
*
Agrostis, TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, 317
8. A. Matrella. Linn. sp, pl. ed. Willd. i. 366.
Creeping. Leaves pungent, Spikes terminal, solitary,
few- flowered. :
A native of the barren sandy lands, near the sea on the
coast of Coromandel. ;
4, A, csialna. Linn, sp. pl. ed, Willd, i, 371. Retz. Obs. v. v.
N. 37.
Smooth. Culms erect, from one to three feet high. Panicle
linear, branchlets short,ex panding ; flowers paired, diandrous,
Calyx scarcely half the length of the corol, Seed naked, obo-
vate, rugose, .
; Beng. Bena-joni.
A native of moist pasture ground, in the vicinity. of Cal-
cutta. : ; regaeeisad:
Culms nearly erect, from one to three feet biiht obaitit co-
vered with the sheaths of the leaves. Leaves narrow, tapering
to a fine point, smooth; mouths of the sheaths slightly beard-
ed. Panicle linear-oblong, bowing a little, often a foot long,
composed of expanding, alternate, compound, seemingly sim-
ple racemes. Flowers in pairs on a common peduncle, but
unequally pedicelled, Calyx, valves equal, scarcely half the
length of the corol, smooth, membranaceous, » Stamens two.
Seed narrow-obcordate, dropping from the calyx and ——
brown, obtusely rugose. ‘ah
Bade eloneedt: it a isda
_ Culms erect, from four to twelve feet high. Panicle: ovate,
| capenading.:. Osiyces minute, exterior welailangs of hvieegy:
This te ag pci knw itis mative of hl
PO i ada ereruoeued slay an
smooth, inside replete wit te a fibrous spongy substance, .
Leaves smooth, from one to two feet long ; and from one to
.
318 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, - Holeus, »
two inches broad at the base, tapering from thence to a fine
point. Panicles erect, oval, or oblong, from one to two feet
long, composed. of alternate, ramous, filiform, expanding or
bowing branches. Calyx, valves equal, four times shorter
than the corol. Corol, exterior valve fringed: round. the
margins, with long, soft, white hairs. Stamens two.
Obs. The leaves of this plant are much more like those
employed by the Chinese to pack up various articles with, |
than any other I have yet seen. ’
HOLCUS. Schreb. gen. N. 1565.
Polygamous. Calyx, glume two-valved, one to three-flow-
ered. Corol; glume two-valved, the hermaphrodite awned.
Siamina three. Styles two.
1. H. nervosus. R. ;
Erect, hairy. Panicle oblong... Glumes three, and five-
nerved, cuspidate, two-flowered. Flowers both sessile, one
hermaphrodite and awned ; the other male and awnless, »
A native of Coromandel, ot
Culms erect, ramous ; long, wiry roots issuing from the low:
er joints, Leaves and their sheaths papillose, hairy. Pani-—
cles oblong; smooth. Ramifications alternate, simple. Flow-—
ers paired; one sessile, the other pedicelled. Calyces two- —
flowered, three to five-nerved, smooth, straight, cuspidate, —
longer than the flowers. Corol in both two-valved, the oe
terior floret male, large, and awnless, the inner minute, her-_
maphrodite, and awned. Stamens caine eee souk, inthe
hermaphrodite. yarn
2. H. ciliatus. R. aan
Erect, hairy; panicle linear, hirsute, : Ghana: papillose, ci- —
Nate two-flowered, both’ flowers eee one hone
. and awi » the: pecgicnsenlian dividinicin dtecie aii
' ne
Ischemum. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, . 319.
Whole plant about a foot high, erect. The eudms with
bearded joints. Leaves rather large, hirsutely papillose,as
- are also their sheaths, . Panicles linear, shaggy with the nu-)
merous hairs of the ealyces, . Calyx two-valved, two flower-
ed ; valves nearly equal, considerably longer than the flower,
backs covered with little warts, from each of which arises a
very conspicuous hair ; apices cuspidate, and recurvate,. Co-.
rol two-valved in both. Exterior floret rather larger, male or
male hermaphrodite, and awnless; immer hermaphrodite and
awned. Stamina three. , Styles two in the hermaphrodite, in
the male hermaphrodite the rudiments of two, but no germ.
ISCHEMUM. Schreb. gen. N. 1569.
Polygamous. Calyx two-valved, two-flowered, ConolaSiess
valved.
1. Laristatum. Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd. iv. 939. :
Annual, Leaves sword-shaped, ciliate and hairy, with
coloured margins, Spikes paired, secund. All the calyces
two-flowered ; valves striated; exterior of the sessile flower
with a bifid. Jasganvadasbouis hors round the anterior mar-
gin; an awned hermaphrodite floret in each flower.
A native of newly formed pasture land, in various parts of —
India, appearing about the close of the rains. It isa searce
grass, and does not appear to be fit for cattle.
_ Culms at the base resting on the ground and there rooting,
ramous; erect portions from one to two feet long, slender, |
with woolly joints, Leaves length of the spikes, ensiform,
broadest at the base and there cordate phairy, ciliate, with
pid, coloured ‘margins, — Spikes two, terminal, secund, | m
one to two inches long. Rachis flexuose, jointed, three-sided,
with the. eagles nary: hairy, Flowers in pairs, one sessile, the
edicelled. Pedicel three-sided, and ciliate. Calyx of
the sessile flowers two-valved, two-flowered ; one floret her- . .
maphrodite, the other male.. Exterior vinlias striated, with:
320 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. Ischemum.
its anterior margins and apex enlarged with a broad, mem-
branaceous, bifid border ; inner valve boat-shaped, keeled, ci-
liate, and sub-aristate, one floret male, the other hermaphro- :
dite. Corol, glumes of each floret two-valved ; the exterior
one of the hermaphrodite floret bifid, with a long arista in the
fork. Calya of the pedicelled flower two-valved, two-flow-
ered ; valvelets equal, boat-shaped, keeled, ciliate, and sub-
aristate; one floret male, the other hermaphrodite, Coro/,as
in the sessile flowers, and also awned in the same manner.
_ Obs. 1am not certain that this is the original I. aristalum
oh Lionzeus and Retzius.
2.1. rugosum. Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. iv. 940.
Erect, ramous, Leaves lanceolate; spikes paired, both
flowers awned ; calyces oblique, obtuse, hard, and transverse-
ly rugose,
Is generally found growing among rice, and isso much ~
like it, the inflorescence excepted, that they are not, till in
flower, to be distinguished. Leaves large, smooth ; mouths of
the sheaths crowned with a long, two-parted ligula, , Spikes
‘terminal, and from the exterior axills paired, erect, from two to
three inches long. Racihis jointed. Flowers in pairs ; one ses-
sile, the other on a short, thick, angular, clubbed pedicel. ,
Sessie Flower. Calyx two-valved ; ; vaivetets in size
nearly equal, the exterior one tugose, and very hard ; one of
the florets hermaphrodite, the other male, each with two
: valves ; the i inner valve of the herr aphrodite
flower had a long twisted awn issuing from the middle offi ite
back.
PrepIceLLep FLower smaller. Calyz as in the other, but
containing two male flowers, one of which is also awned.
sae L eS R.
Ischemum. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. 321
transversely rugose; hermaphrodite floret of the sessile Apwer
awned.
A native of newly formed pastire land in Bengal. It isa
rare grass, appearing about the close of the rains. .
Culms ramous, resting on the ground near the base, and
there striking root at the joints, the sub-erect portion from
twelve to eighteen inches, very delicate, firm, and smooth,
Leaves short, broad-ensiform, or rather ovate-lanceolate, with
a cordate base, and one of the lobes generally projecting con-
siderably beyond the culm; margins slightly hispid, length
oneand a half or two inches. Spikes two, terminal, sub-secund,
‘an inch and a half long. Rachis jointed, scarcely flexuose,
three-sided ; anyles hairy. Flowers in pairs, one sessile, the
other sub-sessile, both with their base bearded. Calyces of
both flowers almost alike, two-flowered, two-valyed ; exterior
valvelets obliquely-lanceolate and rather obtuse, the lower
gibbous half transversely rugose, as in J. rugosum, upper
portions striated lengthways; margins of the lower rugose
portion notched ; of the upper striated part ciliate ; tmner boat-
shaped in both, one floret is male, the other hermaphrodite.
Corol ; glumes of each floret two-valved ; the exterior valvelet
of the aeons floret bifid, with a long arista in the
fork.
Obs. It onkht to be compared with [, harbatuin.
4. 1, conjugatum, R.
Partly creeping. Leaves short, acute, with broad cordate
base. Spikes conjugate, seemingly united. Flowers paired,
with the exterior valves of both calyces even, and rn on ag
ly ; the sessile one hermaphrodite, awned.
A native of pasture land in the vicinity of ( ale cu
pearing in the cool season, |
Eitei cheieienaen seikeas ¢ Ginebra, anccth,
length from six to eighteen inches, generally purplish. Leaves
with broad cordate base, from thence tapering toa fine point,
‘sheaths smooth. Spikes conjugate on a slender, clavate, pur-
01. 1. U :
ta ,ap-
‘
322 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA., Ischemum.
ple peduncle; united at the base, at all times continuing
close asifone, Rachis very hairy, and jointed. Flowers from
four to eight pairs on each spike, one sessile, the other sub-
sessile. Calyces nearly alike, two-valved, two-flowered ; the
exterior valves even, acute, and uncommonly woolly on the
back ; the inner boat-shaped, acute, and smooth, In each, one
of the florets is hermaphrodite, the other male. Corols all two-
valved, hyaline; the imer valve of the hermaphrodite floret
in the sessile flower bifid and awned. Stamina three. reser
; twee
5. I. geniculatum. R. é
Stems geniculate, creeping, smooth. Leaves ensiform.
Spikes conjugate, apparently only one. Calyces two-flower-
ed, smooth, and crested ; with the hermaphrodite flowers awn-
ed.»
A small species, a native of Bengal. Flowering time the
cool season. Oi 1
Culms polished, from one to two feet long, very ramous,
diffuse, geniculate ; joints large, emitting smooth, very brown
roots, Leaves small, ensiform, smooth; sheath smooth, and
shorter than the polished joints of the culm. Spikes terminal,
- conjugate, generally so close as to seem only one, smooth,
about an inch long. Rachis jointed, flexuose ; angles sharp, and
sometimes hairy. Flowers paired, one sessile, one peduncled.
-Calyces, both two-flowered ; one hermaphrodite and awn-
ed, the-other male and. ae ee Exterior valve of the sessile
flower enlarged with two, hard, serrulate crests, one on each
side of the apex; nner mucronate, with a similar crest on the —
back, under the apex ; of the pedicelled flower both are boat-
shaped, mucronate, or sub-aristate, and the exterior one crest-
ed on the back under the apex ; all are smooth and marked
with green, longitudinal veins. Corols two-valved; the exte-
rior valve of the hermaphrodite flowers bifid and avenibds aah)
dschaemum, TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. 323
6.-1. tenellum. R.
Creeping near the base, Leaves linear. Spikes aire Ex-
terior valve of the sessile flower truncate, the rest cuspidate,
hermaphrodite flower alone awned.
A weak straggling species.
Culms weak, creeping and ramous towards the base ; to-
wards the heads erect ; the thicknessof a pigeon’s quill ; joints
bearded, Leaves a little hairy near the base, mouths of the
sheaths ligulate, and hairy. Spikes paired, &c. as in the last
species. Flowers paired, &c. Calyx of the sessile flowers
two-valved, two-flowered ; exterior valve retuse and border-
ed ; inner. valve ending in an awled point. Flowers two, one —
hermaphrodite with a two-valved corol, the exteriorof which
ends in an arista, the other is male with an awnless two-valy-
ed corol. Calyx, of the pedicelled flower both valves alike,
and ending in an awled point; it contains a single flower,
which is sometimes hermaphrodite, and sometimes male, with
the rudiment only of the second flower,
7. i, repens: R.
Creeping. Leaves short and acute, Spikes paired. Flow-
ers all polygamous and awnless ; glumes of the calyces smooth
and cuspidate, Rachis smooth. :
A native of Pulo Pinang.
Culms creeping, flexuose, smooth, from one to two feet long.
Leaves bifarious, sword-shaped, short, rigid. Sheaths as
long as the joints, a little hairy, with a aigalary process at
the mouth, Spikes terminal, paired, uniting a little ae
what seems to be their base. Rachis jointed, three-sided, _
smooth, Flowers about six pair, one of each pair sessile, th
other peduncled, both the pedicelled and sessile one consist-
ing of a two-flowered, two-valved, rigid, acute,smooth calyx,
Flowers polygamous, one hermaphrodite, the other male,
both awnless, each floret having a corol of two acute valves,
v2
324 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA,. Apluda.
8. 1. cuspidatum. R.
Floating on sweet water with a portion of the tops of the
plant emerging. Leaves linear, smooth. Spikes three-fold.
Exterior valve of the calyces with a long, waved, ensiform
point ; all the corollets two-valved, and awnless.
A native of Bengal, where it is found floating on pools of
sweet water, and blossoming about the close of the rains in
October, _
_ Culms appear. to “a perennial, a fathom or two long, Soil
ed as thick as the little finger, floating. Leaves linear, acute,
from one to two feet long, margins backwardly hispid, in
other respects smooth. Spikesterminal, three in the only plant
that has yet blossomed in this garden, each about six or eight
inches long, a little compressed ; when the flowers expand
about noon they appear like Chevaux de frise, at other times
they appear smooth. Flowers in pairs, one sessile, contain-
ing one hermaphrodite, and one male floret, the other pedicel-
led and neuter, or with two male florets. Calyx two-valved;
exterior valve rigid, with hispid margins and long, flat, wav-
ed, hispid-margined, ensiform points ; «nner salve boat-shap-
ed with a flat hispid keel. Corods of each floret two-valved.
APLUDA.
__ Polygamous. Involucre one-valved, teo-tlowered; one ses-
sile, the other pedicelled « with a pedicelled neuter rudiment.
Calyces two-fiowered, the sessile one polygamous, the pedi-
celled one the same, or with male only. Corols two-valved.
1. A. aristata, Linn. sp, pl. ed. Willd. iv. 938.
Perennial, creeping, or scandent, Leaves lanceolate. Her-
maphrodite flower avied
_ Beng. Goroma.
Apluda. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, -
Culms creeping, or climbing, as thick as a crow’s quill,
jointed, coloured, the lower part naked, inwardly spongy ;
from the joints spring erect, ramous, flower-bearing branches
of from one to seven feet high. Leaves very elegant, some-
what bifarious, sheathing, petioled, linear-lanceolate, back-
wardly hispid; from six to eighteen inches long; sheaths
smooth, mouths short-stipuled. Panicles terminal, and from
the exterior axills, or, the whole may be considered, as one
linear leafy panicle. Bractes three-flowered, boat-shaped,
with an awned point. Flowers, one of the three sessile, or ra~
ther sitting on a globular receptacle, consisting of a common,
two-flowered calyx, one of which is sessile, awned, and her-
maphrodite ; the other sessile, male and awnless ; just without
the calyx on each side, there is a bent, compressed pedicel,
one of these supports a common calyx, with two male, two-
valved, awnless flowers, the other only the rudiments of one e OF
more florets. s)
2. A. geniculata, R.
Perennial, creeping, or scandent, intricately geniculate.
Leaves lanceolar. In each calyx one hermaphrodite, and one
male flower, all awnless. _
Found on the banks of the Ganges in flower during the
latter part of the rains and the cool season.
Culms creeping, or climbing amongst bushes, reeds, &c,
to an extent of many feet, ABs 5 and slender, bent at angles
about aspan distance at the swelled joints, emitting numerous
wiry roots, filled with spongy pith, the thickest about the
size ofa crow’s quill. Leaves linear lanceolate, and smooth,
but much smaller than in A. aristata. Sheaths shorter than is
the joints. Ligula lacerate. Panicles terminal, compose
numerous slender branchlets of distinct fascicles of flowers,
each fascicle containing many short- pedicelled, ‘three-flower-
ed, boat-shaped, cuspidate, smooth, bractes or involucres,
Flowers one of the three sessile, containing one hermaphro-
dite, and one male floret; the other two elevated or broad
U3
326 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. Melica.
sulcate; proper pedicels, one minute and abortive, the other
polygamous as in the sessile flower. Calyces of both the ses-
sile and pedicelled flowers two-valved, two-flowered. Corol
in all of them two-valved; valves unequal, exterior one thin
and transparent.
~ Obs. The accurate Geertner, Carp. vol, ii. p. 466. t, 175.
gives to the sessile flower of A. mutiea, one hermaphrodite,
and one female floret, and to the pedicelled one two male ones,
consequently this must be different, and a second awnless —
Species.
AIRA. Schreb. gen. N. 112.
Calyx two-valved, —— without the rudiment of
a third,
A, filiformis. Kin, Mss,
Smooth, erect, one foot high. Leaves ensiform. Panicles
oblong, compound, of simple, linear, secund racemes,
A native of pasture ground, :
Culms erect, mostly naked, round, smooth, about a feck
high. Leaves small, smooth ; mouths of the sheaths enlarged
by a membranaceous, torn process, Panicle erect, thin, ob-
long, composed of alternate, simple, one-ranked, filiform, ex-
a racemes, somal in two rows: a eae tiewse :
4 eM E ee
MELICA. Schreb. gen. No 113, |
Calyx two-valyed, two-flowered, with the rudiment of a
third.
1. M, digitata, R
Culms from four to five feet high. Spikes terminal ‘iad :
ing, = five-fold. Galye sie hemonil outer vakroletes of
-
Melica. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, 327
A large beautiful species, a native of hedges, thickets, &c.
Culms. near the base procumbent, but when supported by
bushes erect and often from four to five feet high. Leaves
upperside somewhat, hairy; mouths of the sheaths bearded,
Spikes four to. five, digitate, secund, spreading, filiform,
from six to nine inches long; hairy at the base, Rachis three-
sided, Flowers in two rows, sessile, awned. Calyx one-flow-
ered; glumes unequal, the interior being three or four times
Jonger than the exterior, and short-awned, Corol, valves un-”
equal, the largest has a long awn issuing just below its apex
on the outside. Corpuscle, or neuter floret pedicelled, and
awned,
2. M.refracta: RR.
Perennial, ascending. Leaves lanceolate. Panicle ovate,
with the ramifications refracted. | Petals bearded, with stiff
_ refracted bristles,
A native of the Moluccas, and from. ae stedaoed
amongst other plants, into the Botanic sii where it blos-
soms during the cold season. _.
' Root perennial. , Culms pee a Pry one to iets Sect
long, round and smooth, Leaves lanceolate, smooth ; sheaths
~ smooth, scarcely bearded at the mouths, — Panicle terminal,
ovate ; ramifications somewhat compound, and refracted like
the drooping branches of some species of Pinus. . Calyx
smooth, two-valved, two-flowered, with an abortive third, or
the rudiment of one. Corol, exterior glumes, chiefly of the
second flower, bearded with. refracted, sharp, stiff bristles
which ix to cEary sich that touches them, iad
3. M. np Be R.
Smooth, Culms from two to four feet high. iste ilicso.
Jate. Panicle of long, ae tes Paani, racemes ; —
awnless,. diandrous..
- Poa malabarica, / cg Willd. i, 394.
UA native of mountains on the Coromandel coast,
U4
eee
328 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. Chloris.
Culms ascending, from two to four feet high, firm, smooth, —
about as thick asa fine quill. Leaves bifarious, lanceolate,
striated, smooth; margins waved, unequally divided by the
nerves, about an inch and a half broad, and six inches long ;
mouth of the sheaths projecting above in a membranaceous
process. Panicles Jarge, thin, oblong, bowing a little, com-
posed of sub-alternate, simple, spreading racemes, Flowers
awuless. Calya two-flowered, with the characteristic corpus-
cle, which is also here pedicelled, but awnless. Corol, exte-
rior. valve of the inner one has its margins and keel ciliate.
Stamens two, ;
4. M. latifolia. R.
- Perennial ; culms erect, simple, from four t to eight feet high. ;
Leaves Lanse tates Panicles large and _— wile alternate, —
compound drooping branches,
A native of the Garrow hills, from thence it was ienia
to the Botanic garden, by Mr. Robert Kyd, where it blos- ft
soms in March, at which period and indeed at all times it is
one of the most elegant plants in the whole order.
‘Stems very numerous from the same root, erect, straight, —
and always without branches, more or less invested in the
sheaths of the leaves ; very smooth, texture remarkably hard, —
and filled with firm pith, generally about as thick asa goose-
quill, and when in flower from six to eight feet high. Leaves —
sessile on their sheaths, lanceolate, smooth ; from six to twen-
ty inches long, sid Rech WAS te ea? broad: They aremuch
like the leaves employed by the Chinese to put between the
boxes and lead canisters in which their teas are packed.
Seed ventricose-oval, smooth, both ends rather pointed,
CHLORIS.
Polygamous. Calyx two-valved, from two to six-flower-
eee ee ae eee ed ee
~
Chloris. - ‘'TRIANDRIA DIGYNTA, 329
dieidlesk Corol of the hermaphrodite flower ey of
the male, or neuter one-valved, all of them awned, aia
1. C. tenella. R. 4
Spikes solitary ; spikelets with diner: or four wrtiagecaidel
dite awned florets, and a neuter rudiment,
_ A native of the Peninsula of India.
Culms delicate, erect, smooth, about a foot high. Leaves
rather large in proportion to the rest of the plant, smooth,
and soft. Spikes solitary, secund, scarcely two inches long.
Spikelets alternate, and alternately pointing two ways. Flow-
ers of the spikelets, or to each calyx, three, four, or five, all
hermaphrodite, (at least in the rather imperfect state in which
I have found this rare species) except the innermost one
which is a one-valved corpuscle or rudiment, as in Melica,
Calyx from three to five-flowered, two-valved ; valvelets un-
equal, broad lanceolate, smooth, acute, permanent. Corol of.
the hermaphrodite two-valved; exterior valvelets obcordate,
cucullate, awned; margins smooth, but with three hairy
nerves on the balk and sides ; interior phdonsie with meee ci-
eae i and esi awnless, —
2. C. montana, R.
Spikes digitate, secund, united at the base; hermaphrodite —
flower ciliate, and awned ; neuter of three awnless valves,
This is‘ native of mountainous tracts only, It differs from
C. barbata only in the following respects. 1st, The spikes
are in number from four to six, and united into a common —
flower-bearing rachis near the base, 2d. The neuter floret we a
a third awned valve and the awns areal tremesentnitle pe
“B.C. barbata, Linn. op. ple eds Wille it. 926. pees
Spikes digitate, secund ; J be corel Gilinte, and
awned, neuter of two. jawied-vilven’: °°
Andropogon barbatum, Linn. Mant. 302. 588.
Konda-pulla. Rheed, Mal, 12, p, 95. t. 51.
330 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, . Chloris,
Grows in large tufts on pasture ground, &c. very common —
every where. -
Culms, below creeping, and ramous, the joints perfectly
smooth, Leaves near thé base bifarious; margins near the
base and mouths of the sheaths ciliate. Spikes terminal, from
six to twelve, sessile, secund, expanding, from-one to two
inches long. Rachis striated, not hairy, nor jointed. Flowers
pedicelled, alternate, in two rows on the outside of the spikes.
Calyx two-flowered, two-valved, membranaceous and awn-
less. The lower flower is sessile and hermaphrodite, its co-
rol consists of two unequal ciliate valves, the base of which
is surrounded with hairs, the exterior one ending in a long,
coloured awn. The other floret I have always found neuter ;
it stands on a short pedicel and consists. of two obcordate,
awned valvelets ; awn and margin of the valvelets coloured.
Obs. Cattle eat it till in flower; after which I never:saw
. any animal touch it. nih! began. (span
A, C, polystachya, R: bid
Spikes from ten to twenty, fascicled. Exterior glume of
the hermaphrodite flower with ciliate margins ; neuter florets’
two, with single smooth valves.
A native of the Peninsula of India.
Culms below procumbent for a little way, then erect, and
_ about two feet high, Leaves as in other grasses, and smooth.
_ Spikes about sixteen, in. a terminal, sub-fastigiate umbelli- ,
form fascicle, secund with the alternate spikelets, or flowers
pointing to opposite sides, from two to three inches long.
Calyx of two, unequal, lanceolate, boat-shaped, smooth, per-
manent awnless valves, which contain one two-valved, her-
maphrodite, awned flower; and two peduncled, one-valved,
awned, neuter florets. The exterior valvelet of the —_
phrodite flower has its margins ciliate,
Poa, TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. 331.
POMMEREULLA. Schreb. gen. N. 97.
Calyx, glumes two-valved, from three to four-flowered ;
valvelets four-cleft, awned on the back.
P. Corucopiae, Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. i. 314. Vahl. en.
pl. ii. 393. R. Corom, pl. ii. M. 131.
A very singular, small, rare grass’; growing under bushes
on dry uncultivated ground.
Root, culms, and leaves, as described by Konig, but mine
has the spike compound and secund, the rest as he says, alba
base abyolluta folia sub-spatheformi. Spicu/is distichus,
each having an involucre of two, lanceolate, acute, membra-
naceous valves. Within these two valves, is a short, clubbed,
downy pedicel supporting the partial spikelets of four flow-
ers, with their common calyx, it is joined to the involucre by
an articulation and drops off most readily, particularly when _
dry, leaving the involucre attached to the rachis, Calyx,
corol, and stamens, are as Konig describes them; but the
germ is obcordate, and there are always two styles with fea-
thery recurved stigmas. Seed as he describes it.
POA. Schreb. gen. N. 414.
Calyx two-valved, containing many flowers of two unequal
valvelets disposed alternately on distichous spikelets.
1. P. bifaria, Vahl, symbol, ii, 19. Linn, sp. ie ed, —
i, 401. be
~ Smooth, Cuties stinight; from one to two feet high. pikes
terminal, straight, secund. Spikelets sessile, alternate, bifari-
ous, mia aneatior cd four to eigen ane a eae
ed. HG:
- Teling. Wodde-talin, :
I believe Konig called it Poa sabe:
' Grows on mountains and other dry situations,
er
332 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, Poa.
Culms straight, simple, from twelve to twenty-four inches
high, a little compressed, smooth. Leaves small, smooth.
Spikes straight, secund, from four to eight inches long. Spike-
lets alternate, sessile, lanceolate, in two spreading rows, though
issuing from one side of the common rachis. Calyx below,
from four to six-flowered ; above many-flowered.
2. P. chinensis, Linn. sp. pl.ed. Willd. i. 395.
Smooth, from two to four feet high, Panicle of many, al-
ternate, simple, expanding, secund ramifications, Spikelets
alternate, short-pedicelled, from four to six-flowered. —__
Beng. Bitra-pini-nuti.
A large, beautiful species, growing on the borders of water
courses, and places where there is much moisture.
Culms ramous, creeping near the base, above expanding,
from two to four feet high, every part smooth, and a little
compressed. Leaves as in other grasses, smooth ; mouths of
the sheaths bearded. Panicle large, oval, composed of long,
alternate, filiform, simple, expanding, secund branches, Spike-
lets alternate, from four to six-flowered, short-pedicelled, ex-
panding in two rows from one side of the simple branches. —
3. P. procera. R.
Smooth, erect, from eres: to five feet high. Ligula large;
ramifications of the panicle simple ; spikelets eeieailent ra-
ther remote, linear, many Powered: «crite Haceciti ag
Teling. Rewa. ce
Delights in a moist rich soil. em
Culms nearly erect, branchy, from three to ae feet rig D
round, smooth, much covered by the sheaths of the leaves.
Leaves long, slender and smooth. Sheaths longer than the e
joints, with their mouths crowned with a long ragged mem-
branaceous process. Panicle large, from nine to eighteen. :
aaehes long, ome bowing a little, composed of numerous, =
ng. racemen amir rae e
- Poa. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. 333
mon rachis; which is filiform, waved, three-sided, and hispid.
* Spikelets alternate, pedicelled, linear, remote, many-flowered.
4. P. cynosuroides. Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. i. 393.
Smooth, straight, from one to three feet high. Leaves long
-and acute, Panicle straight, sub-cylindrical ; ramifications
horizontal ; spikelets depending, from six to twelve-flowered,
Uniola biphninan, Linn, sp. pl. 104.
Sans. Koosha, Kootha, Durbha, Puvitrung. .
-Cusa or Cusha, Asiat. Res, iii. 255. and 490. and iv, 249.
Beng. Koosha.
Teling. Durbha, Dubha, or Durpa.
A strong coarse species, a native of dry barren ground.
Root creeping, perennial. Culms straight, rigid, round,
smooth, from one to three feet high. Leaves numerous, very
long, chiefly about the base of the culms, rigid margins his-
pid. Panicle erect, linear-oblong, often tending to a conical
form, composed of many somewhat three-fold, verticelled, ho-
rizontal, short, rigid, secund ramifications, Spikelets many-
flowered, depending, in two rows, from the under side of the
ramifications. Corol, valves pointed, the inner one rather the
largest,
Obs. It is employed by the brahmuns in their religious
ceremonies, Cattle do not eat it. Can this be Gramen ca-
pillaceum ? &e. Pluck, Alm, p. 176. t. 34. Fig. 2. Cusa, or
Cusha, the Sanserit name of this much venerated grass, was
given to it at a very early period, by the Hindoo Philoso-
phers, and believed, by Sir William Jones, to have been con-
secrated to the memory of Cush, one of the sons of Ram. See
Asiatic Researches, vol. iti. p. 490. If, $0, we — here'a
"5, P. ciliaris, Linn, sp: pl. ed. Willd. i. 402.
- Smooth, sub-erect, from one to two feet high. Panicle
334 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, Poa, -
contracted, linear, with the lower ramifications remote. Spike-
- lets from six to twelve-flowered ; inner valvelets of the corol
ciliate.
Delights in the same soil and situation with the last de-
scribed species.
Culms near the base procumbent, above erect for one or
two feet. Leaves as in the last. Panicle linear, from three
to six inches long, the ramifications short, those of the lower
part stand at some small distance, their insertions are not
hairy. Calyx from six to twelve-flowered, not ciliate. Corol,
only'the inner valve ciliate. Seed as in the last.
6. P. cylindrica. R.
Erect, slender, from twelve to eighteen inches high.
. Leaves slender. Panicle cylindric, crowded with short, tl
pressed, ramous, alternate branches. Spikelets from six to
twelve-flowered, Flowers diandrous, inner valve of the corol :
ciliate,
From Canton in China the seed was received into the Bo-
tanie garden, where the plants grow freely and —— a.
‘ing the rains and the cool season.
ts P. ciliata, R.
Smooth, sub-erect, from one to two feet high. Panicle co-
lumnar ; spikelets from six to twelve-flowered ; margins of
all the aly eles of the se and corols late. Bel TE a
bular.* ae :
As inca fend on a poor “iy boils *
Root perennial, Culms erect, rigid, smooth; from one to
three feet high. Leaves smooth ; mouth of the sheaths’ dow-
ny. Panicle columnar, from two to four inches long, branches
thereof crowded, insertions hairy ; spikelets from six to twelve-
flowered. Calyx, margins ciliate. Corol, the margins of both
valves much ciliate, the exterior one has three nerves and i oe
pointed, the inner one two-nerved. - —— mooth, —
brown, dropping from the corol when ‘ripe. - Bone:
Poa. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. 335
8, P. interrupta, Kon. Mss.
Erect, smooth, from one to three feet high ; negotiate:
of the linear panicle short, and collected into remote fascicles,
Spikelets from six to twelve-flowered. Seed obcordate.
Teling. Nakurnaral.
_ Grows about at the borders of rice fields. -
Culms generally erect, from one and a half to three feet”
high, round, smooth. Leaves narrow, long, sharp, and smooth.
Panicles erect, from six to twelve inches long, linear ; ramifi-
cations sessile, nearly erect, remote, particularly those of the
lower part, where they are often twice their length asunder;
one, two, or more from the same point, which makes it ap-
pear verticelled. Spikelets minute, pedicelled, from. six, to
-twelve-flowered. Corol, valves smooth. Seed as in the'last
two species,
9. P. nutans. Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd, E 395. Retz. Obs.
iv. 19.
Erect, smooth, from three to five feet high, ein con-
tracted ; ramifications adpressed, fascicled, and approximat-
ed. Spikelets from eight to fourteen-flowered. Seed oblong.
Teling. Urenka.
Delights in a rich, moist soil, such as the banks of water-
cone borders of rice fields, &c.
Culms erect, from three to five feet high, pate eile
round, smooth. Leaves narrow, long, sharp, and smooth,
Panicle linear, from one to two feet long ; ramifications fili-
form, peduncled, adpressed, one, two, or more from nearly the
same place, but seldom so far asunder as their own length. —
Spikelets pedicelled, from eight to fourteen-flowered. Calya
and corol smooth, Seed oblong,smooth, brown, ss
Obs. The best mark. to distinguish it from the Jast species
is the form of theseed. which i in that is oboyate, in this oblong.
. Cattle are not fond of any of these tall, erect, coarse species,
336 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. Poa.
10. P. diandra. R.- :
_ Erect, smooth. Leaves long, fine-pointed ; ana linear,
half the length of the whole plant ; ramifications scattered,
compound, expanding, smooth. Spikelets from four to eight-
flowered. Flowers diandrous.
A native of Bengal, where it blossoms during the cold sea-
son.
Culms erect, growing in tufts, with few branches, smooth ;
height of the whole plant in a good soil, from three to six feet.
Leaves from one to two feet long, smooth in every part, taper-
ing to a long fine pot. Panicle linear, half the length of
the whole plant; ramifications thereof scattered, expanding,
smooth, compound, from two to three inches long. Spikelets
lanceolate, small, smooth, from four to eight-flowered. Corol
with both valves smooth, and rather obtuse. Stamens two.
Anthers purple.
-
11. P. viscosa. Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd. i. 398. Retz. Obs. iv.
p- 20.
Culm ascending, from nine to eighteen inches high, clam-
my. Paniclelinear-oblong; ramifications verticelled, short,
spreading ; spikelets from three to twelve-flowered ; imner
glumes of the corol ciliate. © — ;
This species grows in tufts on dry simile seed,
Culms numerous, spreading, with their extremities ascend-
ing, ramous, from nine to eighteen inches long. Leaves —
‘small,marginsinvolute ; sheaths shorter than the joints, with
their mouth surrounded with long, slender, white hair, Pa-
nicles linear-oblong, from two to four inches long, composed : e
of short, sub-verticelled, sessile, expanding ramifications.
, Calyx from three to four-flowered. Corol, inner valve eili- _
ate, . e
Obs. Every part of the — is conaea with tenaiout zg
iy Pee :
Poa. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. 337
12. P. tenella. Linn, sp. pl, ed, Willd. i. 395.
- Erect, smooth, from one to two feet high. Panie/e linear-
oblong, sieberiana Spikelets pedicelled, from four to six-
— flowered, smooth.
_A native of pasture ground.
Culms erect, round, smooth, from one to two feet high.
Leawes smooth, mouth of the sheaths much bearded. Panieles
linear-oblong, composed of verticelled, filiform, expanding,
ramous branches, having always at their insertions and sub-
divisions a few fine, long hairs. Spikelets pedicelled, from
four to six-flowered. Calyx and corol smooth,’ Seed oval,
brown, smooth, falling from the corol when ripe, as do all
the other species of this genus that I have yet seen.
Obs. The anthers shine through the valves, as in P, nl
tata, and indeed in most, if not all the Poas.
- 13. P. plumosa, Linn, sp, Phe ed, Willd. i, 403. Retz. Obs.
‘iv. 20.
Sub-erect, smooth. Panicle ovate-oblong ; semiifitision
scattered, horizontal; insertions hairy; ramuli depending.
Spikelets pedicelled, oe four to eens inner valve-
lets of the corols ciliate. —
Tsjama-pullu. Rheed, Mal, xii. p, 75, t. 41.
Gramen fami. Rumph. Amb. vi. p. 10. t.. 4. f. 3.
Is found growing in tufts on pasture ground,
Culms filiform, many, ramous, spreading a little at the base,
above erect, from one to two feet high, round, smooth. Leaves,
‘mouths and margins of the sheaths fringed, with long, deli:
cate white hairs. Ditepsb: bles aenmpoadisbaaant pilla-—
ry, alternate, horizontal, ramous branches, their insertions and
sub-divisions are fringed with a few fine, white hairs, Spike-—
Bris minute, ee Scam eee onto to six-flowered.
338 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. Pods:
14. P. punctata. Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd. i. 395.
Erect, smooth, from six to eighteen inches high. Panicle
oblong ; ramifications simple, expanding, lower ones verti- -
celled. Spikelets from twelve to fourteen-flowered, smooth,
Seed obliquely oblong.
This species grows in tufts on pasture ground.
Culms erect, generally simple, round, smooth ; from six to
eighteen inches high. Leaves small, smooth ; mouths of the
sheaths bearded. Panicle oblong ; ramifications simple, ex-
panding, the lower ones collected ‘into one verticel ; above
alternate. Spikelets pedicelled, rather remote, binioat from
twelve to fourteen-flowered. Calyx and corol smooth, thin,
showing the unexpanded anthers and — through yee
_ Seed oblong, smooth, brown.
15. P. elegans. R. .
Sub'erect, smooth, from one to three feet high. Panicle
oblong, nodding ramifications solitary, ramous, ad pressed.
Spikelets from eight to twelve-flowered, Seed globular.
ise — elegant, tall, delicate species, a native of moist phe
Culms snipe! at the base spreading for a few nico, the
remaining part is erect, round, smooth ; from one to three feet
high. Leaves few and very small, Skitvoei in every part, ex-
cept the mouth of the sheaths, which are bearded. » Panicles
linear-oblong, nodding, composed of erect, ad pressed, distinct, —
somewhat remote ramification, each of which forms a small,
but-similar panicle. Partial rachis with the angles hispid.
Spikelets pedicelled, linear, from eight to twelve-flowered,
purplish, Corol, outer valve three-nerved. Seed globular,
smooth, and brown.
; 5 Xt
~-162P. multiflora. R. vie ole
Sub-ereet, smooth, from six to eighteen inches ih. Po
- than the rest of the plant, nodding. \ Spike
crowd ad Set of cha Seed globular.
Poa, TRIANDRIA DIGYNTA, 339
As found on dry elevated places. EP
- Culms nearly erect, naked, except at the as from six'to
twelve inches high, round, and smooth, . Leaves one or two
near the base of each culm, short; mouths of the sheaths a
little hairy.. Panicle oblong, bowing ; ramifications sub-ses-
sile, short, filiform, simple, the lower collected into one or
two remote branches; the upper ones alternate. Spikelets
pedicelled, very long, linear, from fifty to seventy-flowered,
i Calyx smooth, obtuse. Corol smooth, outer valve three-nerv-
ed. Seed round, smooth, brown.
17. P. unioloides. Linn, sp, pl. ed,.Willa. i. 393. Retz,
Obs. v. 19.
Erect, smooth, from-one to two feet high. “Panicle ovate;
ramifications short, simple, below fascicled ; above solitary,
horizontal ; spikelets long-pedicelled, from sixteen to’ i ai
flowered. Seed oblong.
+» Beng. Konee... -
| A most elegant species, a native - ied dlevoted situations,
. Culms, below ramous, with a small portion resting on the
pains the rest erect, and from one to two feet high, round
and smooth. Leaves few, small, and smooth ; mouths of the
sheaths bearded. | -Panicles half as long as the whole plant,
erect, oblong, thin ; ramifications peduncled, filiform, dispos-
ed as in multiflora, Spikelets ovate, from sixteen to twenty-
flowered, generally of a bluish purple colour. Corol, outer
valve three-nerved, as in P, multiflora, Seed oblong, smooth,
48 P. flexuosa, Ro .
" Sub-erect, East, nodding ab tiee from a eigen’ to.
twenty-four inches high. Panicle ovate, crowded 5 ramifi-
ee ep AON insert oxhineea
A prety large species, growing i in tufts on old wally 80
340 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, Poa.
exactly resembling P. unioloides as to be easily mistaken
for it, It has much the habit of Briza Eragrostis, 3
Culms sub-erect, winding, round, smooth ; from one and
a half to two feet high, Leaves much larger sig in the last
species, and the mouths of the sheaths more hairy. Panicle
‘oval, very large, generally more than half the length of the
whole plant, branches alternate, nearly horizontal, ramous,
with a brown, hairy gland in the axill of each division of the
panicle, Spikelets white, or pale green, lanceolate, large,
about twenty-flowered. Seed globular, brown, and smooth.
19. P. paniculata. R,
Erect, smooth, from two to four feet high. Leaves long;
mouths of their sheaths bearded. Panicle oblong ; ramifica-
tions most numerous, filiform; insertions hairy. Spikelets
from four to sixteen-flowered ; valvelets of = calyces ciliate,
Seed globular. |
Culms sub-erect, round, and smooth; length from one to
two teet high to the panicle, which is shart the same length,
making the whole height from three to four feet, Leaves
Jarge, mouths of the sheaths very hairy. Panicle oblong,
very large, composed of numerous, ramous, filiform, expand-
ing branches, their insertions and sub-divisions involved in
fine, long, white hairs. Spikelets long-pedicelled, linear,
from four to, sixteen-flowered, Corol, outer valve round at
the Ape, and Shres-nerveds inner one neligiely ciliate on the
20. P. gangetica. R.
Grows in very dense tufts. Panicle thin. Spikelets linieer,
from thirty to forty-flowered, ee
A native of the banks of the Ganges, but scarce.
_ Culms numerous, and ramous, growing in crowded tufts,
_ Smooth in every part, general length about a foot. Leaves
few, small, and smooth. Panicle ovate, composed of a few,
remote, alternate, mb dinenie jabs each <r
,
Dactylis. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, 341
a number of heaped, linear, acuminate, smooth spikelets, of
from twenty to fifty flowers each; as they advance from the
apex the lower florets drop, teat the zigzag rachis naked
as they ripen, Calyx, both valves smooth and obtuse. Seed
pval; smooth, brown,
DACTYLIS. Schreb. gens N. 117.
"Clon two-valved, compressed, one valvelet larger, keeled,
Seed fews,
1. D. lagopoides. Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. i. 410. Burm.
Ind. 28, t. 12..f, 2.
Creeping. Leaves rigid, with spinescent points, Heads
globular. Calyces from six to eight-flowered, gel as are
also the corols ; anthers blue.
It is Stasi found growing on a salt sandy. soil near the
sea.
Culms creeping to a great extent, with oni, four to ce
inches of the flower-bearing portions, erect, they are of a
firm, ligneous texture, round and smooth, every part of the
erect portions covered by the sheaths of the leaves, Leaves
numerous, small, approximate, firm, acute, resembling thorns,
Head, or spike terminal, short-pedicelled, globular, compos-
ed of many, closely crowded, sessile, roundish spikelets,
Calyx from six to eight-flowered ; glumes equal, shorter than
the flowers, obtuse a hairy. Corol two-valved, exterior ©
striated, hairy, and obtuse ; tzner membranaceous, involving’
the stamens and —— Stamens anes, Anthes, blue..
It is a teal a a ty poll 2 ground at. ata pa distance ibe
the sea. I
| v3
342 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, Eleusine.
Culms spreading, ramous, creeping, with their flower-
bearing extremities ascending, from six to twelve inches Tong.
Branches generally opposite. Leaves short, with their margins —
ciliate. Head or spike terminal, long-peduncled, globular,
composed of two or three, sessile, secund, short spikes, which
are again composed of two rows of alternate, from.six to
twelve-flowered, sessile, ovate-oblong spikelets. Calyx, from -
six to twelve-flowered, equal, acute, striated. Corol, outer
valve keeled, acute, three-nerved, very hairy near the base,
inner valve as in Poa, with its back ciliate. Seed oval, com-
pressed, smooth, and brown; dropping from the corol en
ripe.
Obs. Both these species are of a coarse nature.
« The Linnzean definition of the genus does not accord well
with the only’ two species I have met with in India. ‘That :
of Poa agrees better with their essential character ; and had
not Burman, in his Flora Indica, made them both belong to”
this genus, I should certainly have considered them as species
of Poa, though in their general habit they by no means
agree with the elegant plants of that genus. When I had an
opportunity I forgot to examine the seeds in a sufficiently —
exact manner. I suspect they have the aril of the following
genus, because they pes much of f its general habit.
ELEUSINE. Gert. Carp. i. p- yee
eh. two-valved, containing many flowers. es a ‘:
valvelets, Seed with a complete membranaceous aril.
1. E. Coracana. Gert. Conn i i. s. it
Culms erect, from two to four feet high, compressed, Leabes
bifarious, Spikes digitate, ineurved, Calyces from three to six- _
flowered, Seed round. imac
_* T adopt Gertner’s name on account of the aril; sonal uc |
the seed,. and ee ee Se a eigeae -4
the Indian species that I have yet met with, — is
Eleusine. TRIANDRIA DIGYNTA, 348
Cynosurus Coracanus, Linn: sp. pl. ed. Willd. i, -
_ Psjetti-pulla. Rheed, Hort. Mal, xii. p- 149, t. 78.
Panicum gramineum seu ees Rumph. Amb. ve P-
203. 1. 76. f. 2,
It is called Nutchanee by Europeans on the Corotieniided
coast, :
» Ponassa; or early Soloo, is the Telinga name of the grain,
“a Sodee the name of the plant,
Beng. Murooa.
Raggee of the Coast Mahomedans,
This species is cultivated during the rains. I never saw it
wild,
Culms erect, generally several from the same grain of seed ;
from two to four feet high, a little compressed, smooth. Leaves
bifarious, large, omialils mouths of the sheaths - bearded.
Spikes, from four to six, digitata; incurvate, secund, from one
to three inches long, composed of two_rows of sessile, from 3
three to six-flowered spikelets. Rachis compressed, a little
‘waved. Calyx from three to six-flowered, exterior glumes
twice as long: as the interior; both are keeled, obtuse, and
membranaceous margined, Corol, valves nearly equal, Seed
_ globular, dark brown, a little wrinkled, covered with a thin,
ee aril. .
2. E. stricta, R.
Culms erect, from two to five feet high, Siac: Leaves
bifarious. Spikes digitate, straight. Calyces from three to six-
flowered. Seed round. -
‘ Teling. Pedda, viz. ee ae
Hind. Raggee. —
- This is still cecsdianiieat eeu a ae
it only in having the spikes straight, being generally of a
larger size, and more productive, the great weight of the seed,
whem iting oeaeiaa ail down into a horizontal di-
There is a variety of this straight spiked sort, whiclr a :
344 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. Eleusine,
Telinga farmers called maddee rooba soloo ; it grows toa still
larger size, with a greater number of straight spikes.
They all require a light rich soil, on which the water does
not remain after heavy rains. The first or early sort doesnot
require so rich a soil as the other two, it is sown earlier by
which means the same ground yields two crops. From July
to January inclusive they reckon on an increase of about one’
hundred and twenty fold if the soil and season are favoura-
ble.
The second sort requires a richer soil; it is sown later in
the season ; its increase is greater.
The third sort, maddi ruba soloo, requires a still nclec bile
land fit for it is scarce, and the rent high. Iam informed
that it is nearly twice as much as that of land fit for the first.
sort, the increase of this kind is prodigious, five hundred fold,
the farmers say, if the season and soil are favourable...
About twenty years ago, there came up accidentally
amongst some rubbish in my garden at Samulcotah, two tufts
of this plant, each, upon examination, I found to be the pro-
duce of one seed, each had twenty-five culms, and each of
these culms had. on an average two lateral branches, making —
in all seventy-five culms and branches, each produced up-
_ On an average six spikes, (for they had from four to eight)
in all four hundred and fifty spikes, each of these had at a
medium sixty spikelets, and each spikelet ripened on an
average three or four seeds, total produce eighty-one thou-
sand. I was myself particularly. ——
above produce because it was so astonishingly great, ‘
In the Rajamundry Circar; where these observations were —
made, the soil is in general rich, and the season fayourable.
3, E. egyptica, R
_Culns with a creeping base, from one to aa Poe: highs
Spikes four-fold, cruciate, Calyces daggered, from three to
four-flowered, Seed one sosnarelent adbeniietis ani tans
+ —aornely Ragone. deitids ieivioiade-s ape
~
Eleusine. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, 345
Cynosurus wgypticus. Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd, i. 416.
Gramen vaccinum. Rumph. Amb. vi. p. 10. t. 4. f. 1.
Cavara-pullu. Rheed, Mal. xii. p. 131, t. 69. FB
Hind, Makura-jali.
_ Grows in pasture ground, and by road sides, &c,
Culms, creeping near the base; the remaining part nearly
erect for a foot, or a foot and a half, ramous, a little compress-
ed, and smooth, Leaves fringed with hairs. Spikes termi-
nal, from three to five, horizontal, secund, &c. as in E. Cara-
cana. Calyx from three to four-flowered ; glumes acute, parti-
cularly the exterior one which ends in a short awn,. Corol,
outer valve very acute. Seed oval, somewhat three-sided,
wrinkled, arilled, but in this species the aril is so thin and de-
licate, as to be often removed by the time the seed is Sse
grown, —
Obs, Cattle are fond of it.
A, E, indica. Gert. Carp. i.p. 8. t. 1.
Erect, smooth, from one to two feet high, Leaves biftrious.
Spikes from five to seven, digitate. Calyces from three to
five-flowered ; seed oblong, three-sided, rugose. — ‘
-Cynosurus indicus, Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. i. 417.
Hind. Mal-ankuri.
Teling, Kuror, viz. wild soloo,
_A common coarse species, found growing in large tufts on
pasture ground, road sides, &c,
Culms ascending: at the base, ramous, a little compressed,
smooth, from one to two feet high. Leaves bifarious, large;
with a few long white hairs scattered over the insides and —
sheaths, Spikes terminal, from three to six, expanding ; one
generally standing single a little below the rest, linear, secund,
from two to four inches long ; Sse amscas ampees and hairy,
spikelets in two rows on the underside, Calyx from three to
five-flowered ; glumes equal, 28 long?itsithe flowers, smooth,
and rather obtuse. Corol, valves smooth, obtuse, Seed ob-
tusely three-sided, rugose, arilled,
346 -'YRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, Elleusine.
Obs. Cattle are not fond of it.
5. E. verticillata, R.
Erect, smooth, from one to four feet high.. Leaves bifari-
ous. Spikelets numerous, panicled. Calyces from eight to:
twelve-flowered ; g/umes daggered ; Seed oblong, wrinkled.
It is a native of moist pasture ground,
Culms erect, round, smooth, from one to four feet high.
Leaves as in the last described. Panicle erect, oblong, com-
posed of many verticelled, expanding, round, sessile, linear
spikes, much resembling those of E. indica ; spikelets imbri-
cated: in two rows on the underside of the spikes, Calya
from eight to twelve-flowered, corol-like.. Corol ; exterior
valve ending in a long dagger ; inner valve membranaceous.
Seed oblong, wrinkled, arilled ; in this species the aril is fully
as delicate as in E, egyptica, and is nearly found whole on
the full grown or ripe seed,
- 6. E, ealycina, R.
Erect, from two to three feet high, Panicle signs Spikes
numerous, alternate ; ; glumes of the calyces equal, many times
larger than those of ~~ corol, doggered, three-flowered. Seed
three-sided, wrinkled.
Teling. Wadata-toka-guddee.
- Grows in small tufts on dry — ground but gener
sea bushes,
~ Culms erect, ae abouttire feet high, sad ivan
by the leaves, Leaves very thinly scattered with hairs, Pa-
nicle linear, erect, from eight to twelve inches long, composed
of many sessile, expanding, alternate, secund spikes, Spikelets
occupying, as in the other species, the underside of the spike.
Calyx generally three-flowered, glumes equal, twice as long
as the three flowers they embrace, each ending in a longs
sharp dagger. Corol, valves obtuse, Seed three-sided, wrink-
led. ® cae toy that I bate-achnshee aril in wae specie:
* %
ont BIER Oy: ie aging :
Arundo, TRIANDRIA DIGYNTA. 347
though I have often looked for it ; it may therefore be: a ape
cies of Dactylis,
: _ ARUNDO. Schreb. gen. N. 124.
Calyx two-valved, containing one or more two-valved hom
bil surrounded with long hairs. . sity
1. A. bifaria, Retz. Obs. iv.21. Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. i.
Erect, smooth, leafy, from twelve to eighteen feet high. Pa-
nicle erect, linear, oblong, dense. Calyces three-flowered,
_ much longer than the florets ; 3 glumes of the corol —
- Teling. Patoo-ederoo.
Is found chiefly among bushes on the banks of rivals
lakes; &c. on the Circar mountains,
Culms sword-shaped, smooth, about ten to fifteen. ishion
long, and from one to two broad, Panicle erect, oblong, very
much. crowded with innumerable ramifications, which stand
erect and press close on one another while in seed. Flowers
erect, on a common woolly pedicel within the calyx. Calyx
three-flowered ; glumes equal, pointed, larger than those of
the flowers. Corol, exterior valve twice the size of the inner
one, it is pointed and woolly on the outside.
Obs. The leaves seem to be one of those sorts with which
the Chinese line the inside of their sugar-candy tubs and other °
Sess
2. A Kesh dink: sp. ‘pl. ed, Willd. i, 456. Retz. Obs. iv.
ys a >
. Erect, iapoilisdends icin bight toctyrslve Seah las :
3 silt tone, verticelled. Calyces, from three to four-flowered
exterior glume of the corols three-nerved, and daggered.
_ Sans. Nuda, Nula;, siscibiae —
Beng. Nal, Nur. 2
» Teling. Naga-sara maitantos,
348 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, , Arundo,
Is a native of similar places with the last described.
Culms erect, ramous, from eight to twelve feet high, and
as thick as the last, round, smooth, entirely covered: with
the sheaths of the leaves. Leaves approximate, sword-shap-
ed, smooth, from twelve to twenty-four inches long, and one
or one and a half broad ; mouths of the sheaths bearded, Pa-
nicle bowing with the wind, but if not disturbed erect, oblong,
composed of many filiform, erect, (in luxuriant plants droop-
ing) sub-verticelled, ramous branches. Rachis of the
branches angular and hispid. lorets alternate, on a longer
common woolly pedicel than in A. bifaria, within the calyx.
Calyx from three to five-flowered ; glumes unequal, the larg-.
est shorter than the exterior valve of the corol. Corol, ex-
- terior valve three-nerved, tapering into long fine subulate
points, inner valve scarcely half so long, Stamens often only
two, and the pistil is frequently wanting.
Obs. It does not agree with Retzius’s description of A.
Karka im the number of flowers in the. calyx. Pipes are
made of the culms, particularly those used by the people who
carry about the dancing snakes,
In Bengal it is more luxuriant than on the coast, _ The
common Durma mats of that place are made of the stalks
split open. Vessels from the be of Calcutta are snore
ee PH-Ay Hea
satho As henge, Linn drew -y Wit 455. ‘Retz.
Obs. v. 20.
Culms, fica: dix to-ee-feekdig, fletsileuis'é yates hidart-
ous, sword-shaped, drooping. Panicle lax ; valvelets of the
ealyx equal, from two to three-flowered ; exterior valve. of
the corol woolly, daggered, and dobeaiertedi yaeed. Fs
Beng, Gaba-nul. é
_ This elegant species is found growing in ditches sal low
places in the vicinity of Caleutta, where it bloshents, ons
the months of October and November. | |
Culms erect, Gan i tatglbmahahichetelanlhs ie
Aristida, TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, 349
very numerous, approximate, bifarious, drooping, sword-
shaped, from one to two inches broad at the base, from thence
taper to a fine point; smooth on both sides, and in the mar-
gins. Sheaths also smooth, with a long membranaceous
margin round the mouth, Panicle oval, lax, from one to two
feet long, erect; ramifications alternate, ramous, drooping a
little. Fiower’ pedicelled, scattered. Calyx two or three-
flowered ; valves nearly equal, and of the length of the flow-
ers, Coroi exterior valve three-nerved, and woolly on the
back, with a very fine, long, taper point. Jnner valve small
and smooth. Nectary two, cuneiform scales embrace the
on the two sides.
_ Obs. The wool which girds the base of the corol, in most of
the species, is in this species found growing on the back of i its
exterior valve.
ARISTIDA. Schreb. gen. N. 125.
Calyx two-valved, one-flowered. Goce ompxnined, wits
thrpe awns at the top. |
ae © A. setacea, Retz. Obs. iv, 22, Linn, sp. pl, ed. Willd. i,
460 5
Erect, smooth) from two to four feet high. Panicle linens
oblong, composed of fifteen to twenty subyaltemnate, erectish
ramifications. :
Teling. Shipur-gadi,
Grows in a dry, barren, binding soil.
_ Root perennial. Culms straight, generally simple, from
two to four feet high, and about as thick as a crow’s quill at
the base, solid, and of a very firm ligneous tex re, round
and smooth, Leaves few, narrow, margins inyolute, nerve-
less, smooth. Panicle bowing with the wind, linear, from
six to twelve inches long, composed of sub-sessile, remote,
adpressed ramifications, Calysx, corol, &c, as in the family,
except that the three awns are erect. ah
350° TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. Aristida.
Obs. Cattle do not eat it, yet it is very useful. The Telinga
- paper-makers construct their frames of the culms ; it also
serves to make brooms and tooth-picks. It is employed in
. preference to other grasses for making the screens called Tat-
ties, for this purpose it is spread thin on bamboo frames, and
tied down; these placed on the weather side of the house,
during the hot land winds and kept constantly watered dur-
ing the heat,of the day, renders the temperature of the air in
the house exceeding pleasant, compared to what it is without.
The thermometer in the outside exposed to the wind, but
not to the sun, will then be at one hundred, or one hundred
and fifteen degrees, or even more; and within if the Taéties
are properly disposed and well watered, they will keep it
down to from eighty-five to ninety, with two or even three
rows of Tatties, made very thin, and all kept well watered,
the thermometer, when it blows hard, may be brought down
to eighty, but then it is absolutely chilling, and disagreeably
cold. The difference between the open air and this refreshed
air, is to the feeling inconceivably great. The thermometer
in the sun, at this season rises to from one hundred and ‘thir-
ty to one hundred and forty, This contrivance we received
from Bengal, and by it the hot season which used to be so.
much dreaded, is now rendered to those who can keep with-.
in doors tolerable, I have never observed any had effects
from this cool moist air; however the — is a i
. healthy of the whole year,
, ‘Hostris. Linn, sp, pl. ed. Willd: 459. y
Culms diffuse, about two feet long. Panicle oval, late
. thin ; ramifications spreading, two-forked, 5 =
Teling. Shil puroo-kalli, :
ais species is a native ofthe same sil with dhe last de :
Manisuris, TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, - 351.
verging, generally two-cleft peduncles and. pedicels, — giposie
corol, &c, as in the genus. . basfoig
Obs. This species is of no use that T_ know of. ‘
3, A. depressa, Retz. Obs, iv. 22. Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. i.
Ascending, ramous, from twelve to eighteen inches long,
Panicle linear, of six to eight alternate epeaiiseticnns sive:
of the calyces keeled.
Teling. Nalli-pootiki. |
Is found upon the same kind. of land with the two last
species,
Culms below depressed, ramous ; above ascending, filiform,
round, smooth, solid, rigid; from twelve to eighteen inches
high. Leaves as in the former, Panicle smaller, and with.
fewer ramifications than in A. sedacea, Calyx, the glumes
have a large green keel. Corol, &c. as in the genus.
Obs. This is also so far as I know, perfectly useless,
MANISURIS. Schreb. gen. N. 1570.
-Polygamous. Rachis jointed. Hermaphrodite calyx
two-valved, one-flowered. Corol two-valved, less than the
calyx. Male, or neuter calyx two-valved, one or two-flower-
ed, Corol two-valved. .
1. M. Aijicrass. Linn, sp, pl. ed. Willd. iv, 945. Corom, oi
2; N. 117,
Culms creeping, from nine to eighteen inches high. Spikes
solitary ; exterior valve of the hermaphrodite calyx panduri ;
form and emarginate ; male calyx wee ciay cba
- Teling, Nalla-punookoo, a eet? i
Is a native of dry sesiieb acaismeanalys bef ics4
Culms several, ramous, diffuse near the base, lace te
joints, extremities ascending, from nine to eighteen inches
long, as thick as a crow’s quill, compressed, warieoab; not pip-
ed; Leaves small, and smooth ; mouths of the sheaths increas-
352 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. Manisuris. -
"ed by a lacerated membranaceous border or stipule. Spikes
solitary, terminal, and from the exterior arils peduncled, se-
cund, jointed, smooth, a little compressed, from one to two
inches long. Peduncles articulated, and bracted at the mid-
dle. Flowers, the hermaphrodite ones occupy a waved row
of pits on the four sides of the spike, while the male ones pos-
sess two sides, the back is naked. .
HERMAPHRODITE FLOWERS, Calyx two-valved, one-flow-
ered; the exterior valvelet has a broad ‘coloured margin,
which is emarginate, and deeply indented at the sides, like a
fiddle; inner valvelet oblong, lodged in a pit of the rachis,
Corel two-valved, membranaceous. Nectary two obcor-
date, crenulated scales embrace the germ. Stamens three.
si deg two.
MALE FLowERS. Calyx two-flowered, two-valved, vabvbs
lets nearly equal, boat-shaped. Coroé with two membranace-
ous valves. Stamens three. Pistil none.
2. M. granularis, Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. iv. 945, Corom.
pl. 2. N. 118,
Ramous, sub-erect, hairy, from one to two feet high ; spikes
fascicled. Hermaphrodite calyx oval, and Eugor?> male or
neuter one-flowered. :
Grows among bushes. =
| Culms very ramous, nearly erect, filiform, hairy, from one
totwo feet high, Leaves numerous, very hairy, stiff and sharp.
_ Spikes terminal, and axillary, peduncled, several together,
small, compressed, from half an inch to an inch long. Pani-
cles as in the former. Rachis jointed, much waved and ex-
cavated as in Rottbeellia, Flowers from four to ten of each
sort, their situation exactly as in the last species, viz. the her-
maphrodite occupy the forepart, while the male, or neuter
aare Placed on the sides, the former are globular, — the latter
_ Hermapnropite rrowers. Calyx one-flowere ; he o-
raved setae saloorene hye sashes rugose ; it
Rottbeellia. TRIANDRIA DIGYNTA, 353
SS a EF oe
three, Styles t two.
- Maze or neuter Fiowers. Calyx two-valved, one-flow-
ered. Corol two-valved. Stamens three or none.
-ROTTBELLIA. Schreb. gen. N. 1572.
Rachis (generally) jointed, variously excavated for the
recéption of one, or two flowers in a two-valved calyx, in
each excavation.
Be R. glabra. R R.
: ~ Near the base creeping, with extremities erect, smooth,
Leaves bifarious, all hermaphrodite. Calyx one-flowered ; co-
rot three-valved.
Beng. Buksha.
A native of Bengal, where it grows on pasture lands, the
borders of rice fields, and other moist places, Cattle are fond
_ of it.
Culms jointed, ‘ER, compressed, filled with’ pith, creep-
ing near the principal root for a foot or more, the remaining
part” from one to two, or even three feet, erect, Leaves al-
ternate, ifarious, approximate, short, spreading, ensiform,
smooth, Sheaths shorter than the joints of the culm, smo
Spikes axillary, solitary, or in pairs, with’a solitary jirinitia?
one, subulate, three-sided, smooth, short-peduncled, the pe-
_ duncles with generally a part of the spikes hid in the sheaths
_ of the leaves; general length from two to three inches. Flow=
ers opposite, in general all, or the greatest part. herma yhro-
dite, and as long as the joints of the rachis. a flow:
ered, irre. valyeds money pire
354 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, Rottbeelha,
2, R. compressa. Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. 465. Corom, pl.
ii, N. 156, Retz. Obs. iii. 12. 3
Culms climbing, from five to twenty feet high, smooth,
compressed ;_ spikes axillary and terminal; rachis jointed ;
flowers opposite, hermaphrodite calyces Ode how srea: Corol
- three-valved.
Beng. Pansheroo,
Teling. Shervoo, 7, e. lake panookoo.
-It is found on the borders of lakes, amongst other roots of
long grass, and brushwood.
“Culms several, creeping or climbing, ramous, compressed,
from five to twenty feet long, piped, smooth, about as thick
as a common quill, and very hard. Leaves numerous, bi-
farious, small for the size of the plant, smooth and. soft;
sheaths short, compressed, and smooth, Spikes peduncled,
terminal, and from the exterior axills, generally from two to
five together, compressed, a little smooth, from two to four
inches long. Peduncles articulated at the middle and there
‘bracted, lanceolate, chaffy, bractes also surround their inser-
tion. Flowers all hermaphrodite, opposite, decussated, lodg-
ed in the excavations of the jointed rachis. Calyx one-flow-
ered, two-valved, valves nearly equal ; ; the flowers have al-
ternately their valves pointed and somewhat longer than. the.
excavation in the rachis, both cartilaginous; and obtuse,
equal to the pits in the rachis, with the exterior one only car-
tilaginous, Corol three-valved, valves membranaceous, Nec-
tary, two triangular | bodies embracing the base ofthe stamens G
and germ. Stamens three. Styles two ; stigmas plumose, a5
3. R. exaltaia, Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. i, 466. Corom. pl. 2.
HN. 157,
Polygamous, Culms erect, hinsie from six to ten feet high,
with neuter ones on the sides, _ .
Beng. Bura-swooate.
pes —_ Secon
Spikes solitary, secund. Polygamous flowers on the front
=
Roitbeellia, TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, 355
_ A native of mountains, :, WEEN e
‘Root consisting of strong woody fibres. Culms erect, ra-
mous, a little compressed, inwardly of a spongy nature, from
six to ten feet high, and as thick as the little finger near the
base, where they are armed with strong and short, white hairs.
Leaves large and numerous, smooth on the outside, and
hairy on the inside; margins hispid ; sheaths very hairy ; hairs
elevated on glandular points, -very stiff and sharp. Spikes
terminal, and from the exterior axills, generally solitary, cy-
lindric, &c. Flowers of three sorts, hermaphrodite, male, and
neuter, the first and second occupy alternate pits or one side
of the spike, while the neuter stand-on each side of them, so
that the spike may be called secund. Calyx of the herma-
phrodite and male floret two-valved, © Corol as in the last. ,
Stamens &c, as in the genus. Calyx of the neuter flower two-
valved, valvelets oblong. Corol, glumes two, membrana-
ceous, |
ALR. corymbosa. Linn, 7: pl. ed, re i, 443, Coron
pl.ii, N. 181,
- Polygamous, erect, ‘smooth, ue fhvea"t to five feet high,
Spikes fascicled, terminal and axillary ; rachis jointed ; flow-
ers alternate, on opposite sides of the spike. Calyces gener-
ally two-flowered. _ Priaih a coiees
Teling. Pedda inndbkob:
-R. punctata. Retz. Obs. iii, 12.
Aegilops eraltata, Retz. Obs. ii. 27.
‘A native of low rich pasture ground, grows in erect tufts,
Ba vies Coals straight, mostly paket, the sheaths of he
ind and smooth, from three to Rete nd ethos |
of the last species, very firn eaves
from six to twelve inches long ; margins
with a few hairs; sheaths short and smooth. =r fei
and from the exterior axills several, peduncled, Peduncles’
3 a, curved, jointed near the base and there bracted, be-
Ww2
-
a TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA, Rottbeellia,
sides there are chaffy, filiform bractes at their insertions.
Flowers alternate in two rows ; one row on each side of ‘the —
spike. Calyx two-flowered, two-valved. Corol, one herma-
phrodite within, and one male without, each has two valves,
_sometimes there is only one hermaphrodite floret, in which
case it has three valves. |
5, R. perforata, Bocce ‘pl. ii. N. 182.
~ Culms erect, smooth, from three to five feet high. Spikes
solitary, below the flowers are opposite, and the rachis) per-
forated, Calyx generally two-flowered ; oue flower siti
the other hermaphrodite. 3
Beng. Kurki. ‘a2 ac toa bi kay
Teling. Panookoo. #
This species is rather scarce, it grows. on, low ek none
ground,
Culms many, erect, camble: Fouad , smooth, jointed, but not,
piped; from three to five feet high, and about as thick as a
crow’s quill. Leaves small for the size of the grass, slender
and smooth ; margins hispid ; mouths of the sheaths and a:lit-
tle way up the base of the leaves woolly. Spikes terminal,
and, from the exteriorarils,solitary, peduncled, round, see
as thick as a crow’s. quill, and from three to six inches long 5,
where the flowers are opposite, there is an 2 obhang Sates |
of the rachis, so that the backs of the inner : glumes of ‘the
_ ealyx touch one another. Renee onan ate
‘on the lower IalPor ators i jhe sokossbarsais nate;some-
mixed, Calye one or -two-flowered, tw. regaled, ean =
simple ; the exterior one rigid, the interior one firm. and)
white, both obliquely linear-oblong. Corol, when, si agile
hermaphrodite, and. three-valyed ; hin double the exterior, ,
one, is male, i in which case the two » have four valrese Vite oe
Rotibeellia, _ ERIANDRIA DIGYNIA, a
GR, setacea, Corom., pl. ii. N. 132. ‘ah
Erect, setaceous, smooth, from two to six inichlig high,
Spikes solitary, termjnal, unilateral ; rachis not joined, Caly-
ces one-tlowered,. Corols two-valved, — Hey
Grows on old walls. _ :
- Culms many, erect, ramous, filiform, smooth, fron two.to
six inches high. Leaves, inside a little hairy, in size propor-
tioned to the plant. Spikes terminal, solitary, awled, secund,
about aninch, or an inch and a halflong. Rachis excavated
on ote side, but uot joined, Flowers, they are all hermaphro-
dite, imbricated transversely on the excavated side of the ra-
-chis, Calyx one-flowered, two-valved ; valvelets equal, ment
branaceous margined, Corol two-valved, membranaceous,
seaaebi Stamens three, Styles two, ses animes
7. R. Thomea, Linn. sp. pl. ed. ie i. “464, Coram. yi
N, 132. af
_. Erect, compressed, we two. sitched hich, Spikes solitary
terminal, two ranked, Rachis not joilited, sings one-flow-
ered. Corol two-valved.
_ R. Thomwa and pleas Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd, i. 464.5.
are, I suspect this very species, :
_ Grows, with the last species, on old walla, a
. Culms minute, erect, compressed, about an denon
dears of the spike, and two with it, Leaves bifarioiis, nu
merous, Spikes terminal, solitary, subulate, distichous, com-
pressed, Rachis waved, excavated on the opposite side, not
articulated, Flowers all hermaphrodite, disposed anahilily
in the excavations of the rachis. Calyx one Rips od, two-
valved; exterior valvelet rigid, lined nterior b at-sha
and less rigid. Corol Ciao es
Setaccous Spikes simple, pile ee not grit
| W3
*
358 FRIANDRIA DIGYNEA, Hordeum.
but bifariously excavated for the reception of the two-flow-
ered spikelets. |
A native of the ancuaahe of India; and im size and ap-
pearance very like R, Thomea and edinets ; and were they
not two-flowered in the same cal yx I should no doubt have |
taken it for R. axeurvata, Linn,
Culms scarcely more than may be ealled the seapes of the
spikes, the whole plants being but two or three inches high.
Leaves many, filiform; rachis rigid, and with the sheaths
somewhat pilose. Spikes terminal, solitary, subulate, about
two inches long. Rachis not jointed, but alternately exca-
vated on the opposite sides for the reception of the flowers.
Calyx two-valved, two-flowered ; valves very unequal, the
exterior being many times leseeciban the imer one, which
is a minute scale in the botiom of the excavations of the ra-
chis, and not readily detected, .Florets two in each calyx,
both hermaphrodite, one sessile and the other short pedicel-_
led, each with a corol of two equal membranaceous, smooth
valves, :
_ HORDEUM. Sckhreb. gen. N. 129.
Calyz lateral, two-valved ; valves narrow, acuminate, dis-
tant, altogether forming a six-leaved ceria one-flowered,
a threes at each toothlet of the. machin...
hahadaabon kine aks oe Willd. i473.
‘All the flowers hermaphrodite and awned, placed re eg
ly in six rows,
Sans, Yuva, Situshooka, shee:
Beng. Juba, : | seine
Arab. She-eer. #..
This species.is much cobeeedad d in most of the tamperate
= ff HieMoosten during ¢ the cool season... 5
3 .
Mollugo. TRIANDRIA TRIGYNTA, 359 .
TRITICUM. Schreb. gen. N. 130.
Calyx two-valved, solitary, generally three-flowered.
1. T. estivum. Linn. sp. pl.ed. Willd. i. 476.
_Calyces four-flowered, ventricose, smooth, imbricate, awn-
cts Godhooma, Soomuna,
Beng. Gom. :
Hind. Gioon.
Pers. Gundum.
Arab. Burr.
~ "Two varieties are very generally cultivated in the interior
and northern parts of Hindoostan during the cool season. :
2. T. hybernum. Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. i. AT7. i
Calyces four-flowered, ventricose, even, ‘imbricated, with
little or no awn,
Two varieties of this species are also cultivated in the north-
ern parts of Hindoostan during the cool season.
‘TRIANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
MOLLUGO. Schreb. gen. N. 139.
Calyx five-leaved. Corol none. Capsule superior, three-
celled, three-valved, many-seeded. Hmbryo annular, and far-
nished with a perisperm,
1. M. pentaphylla, Linn, sp, pl. ed. Willd. i. 492. ae
_ Annual, diffuse. Leaves verticelled, cuneate-lanc
re Veri. Shadrasi hs Se ee ie f}
A common weed in gardens a a ag
wa
360 ~ _ -PRIANDRIA TRIGYNIA. Molluge.
2. M. triphylla. Lour. Cochin Ch. 79.
Annual, diffuse ; branches angular, smooth. Leaves sub-
verticelled, lanceolate, unequal. Panicles of long dichoto-
mous racemes of alternate flowers, Seeds dotted.
Beng. Jul-papara.
Alsine multiflora. Pluck, Phyt. 21. t. 259, f. 2. good.
Mullugo stricta. Linn. Syst. 129. is probably the same
plant, if so, the specific name is a very improper one, It is
also a weed in gardens all over India.
3.M. verticillata, Linn. sp, pl. ed. Willd. i, 492.
Annual, diffuse, dichotomous, smooth, Leaves suib-verti-
celled, sessile, cuneiform peduncles inserted amongst the
leaves, one-flowered. Seed turrowed along the back,
Obs. Found over most parts of India, and a common weed .
in our gardens during the dry seasoncbiely. = = =.
CLASS IV.
! TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
: RHOPALA. Schreb. gen. N. 144.
Calyx none. Corol four-petalled, bearing the stamina
above the middle. Nectury four-scaled. Germ one-cell
ovula two, attached to one side of the cell. US
Ae R. moluccana, Brown. ‘Linn. Trans, x. p- 191. 8
Leaves alternate, sub-sessile, oblong, entire, racemes isi.
lary, and from the branchlets, longer than the leaves. _Nee-
tarial scales naked,
A native of Pulo Pinang. ty
As my description is taken from dry specimens I cannot,
say whether it be a tree or shrub, but the large woody speci-
mens evidently show it to be perennial. Leaves short-petiol-
ed, alternate, obovate, oblong, obtuse-pointed, entire and
smooth on both sides, six or more inches long and less than
three broad. Stipules none. Racemes generally solitary,
from the naked woody branchlets below the leaves, very
long and completely clothed to the base with numerous —
beautiful, diverging, pretty large, delicate flowers. .Bractes
minute. Calyx none. Petals four, very long and slender,
near the apex they expand into a concave lanceolate shape —
__ for the reception of the stamens ; they. first open in the middle —
then at the apex, and soon after become revolute. _ Nectary,
four scales embracing the lower part of the germ. Filaments
four, short, inserted into the petals above the middle. An-
thers linear, curved in an opposite direction to the petals.
Germ above, ovate, style long and slender, Stigma clubbed,
362 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Rhopala,
2. R. serrata. Brown. Linn. Trans, x. p. 192.
Leaves alternate, sub-sessile, oblong, serrate. Racemes ax- —
illary ; pedicels two-flowered. Nectarial scales ciliate.
A native of the Malay Archipelago,
My description and drawing being from dry specimens, I
cannot say whether it is a tree or shrub. Young shoots cloth-
ed with ferruginous down, Leaves alternate, short-petioled,
_ oblong, acute, tapering at the base, serrate, firm and smooth *
on both sides; from four to.six inches long, and from one to
three broad. Spikelets none. Racemes axillary, solitary,
shorter than the leaves, clothed with ferruginous down. ° Pe-
_dicels two-flowered. Bractes minute, cordate, one at the
base of each common pedicel, Calyx-none, Petals few,
long, slender, clavate; from the middle downwards, their
sides touch, and forma ‘betider tabe, Nectérial scales four
between the base of the petals and germ, obcordate, ciliate.
Filaments four, inserted on the petals, about onéthird below”
their apices, Anthers ovate. Germ superior, very hairy.
Style as long as the corol. Stigma clavate. Seed vessel not
“seen, us
BR. excelsa, R. sidan: io
Leaves ‘alternate, short-petioled) cuneate-oblong, obtuse,
pointed, smooth, with afew large blunt serratures near the
apex, Racemes axillary and terminal, as long as the lgpite
downy. Nectarial scales four, distinct, and naked. we
A large timber tree, a native of —— hittagong,
where it*flowers in March and April.’ 197 tafe
Trunk of the full-grown trees about reek fet th sire .
ence, covered with dark-coloured, scabrous bark ;' branebés-
numerous, spreading far, and dividing: much ; young Shoots |
clothed with ferraginous down, Leaves aleereians) ae
tioled, cuneate-oblong, obtuse-pointed ; interior margins gene-
rally with one, two, or three large, blunt serratures'on each
bl
Hedyotis, |. TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 363
but chiefly the former, one, two, or three together, nearly as
the leaves, straight and simple, densely clothed with ferru-
ginous down. Pedicels short, two-flowered. Bractes, a small
oval one at the base of each common peduncle, and one about
the middle of each pedicel. Flowers numerous, crowded,
small, yellowish green. Calyx none. Petals four, linearly
spatulate, revolute. NVectarial scales four, rounded, smooth
-and distinct, Filament short, inserted on the petals. Anthers
’ rior, oblong, smooth, o
linear. Germ oblong, very completely covered with long,
reddish brown hairs, one-celled, and containing two ovula at-
tached a little to one side of the bottom of the cell. Style fi-
liter pone clavate, entire,
7h LR. pola. |R : a
Leaves iimeoniin sessile, cuneate-oblong, smooth, remotely
serrulate, Racemes axillary, and below the leaves, seneth:
Nectary a smooth four-toothed cup. Pais
Joweea, the vernacular name in Silhet where iti is indigenous,
and grows to be a large, stout timber tree. Flowering in June.
Young shoots smooth, Leaves alternate,sub-sessile, cuncate-
oblong, obtuse-pointed, remotely and acutely serrulate,
smooth on both sides, about twelve inches long, by five or six
broad. Racemes axillary, and below the leaves, one, two, or
three together, about half the length of the leaves, smooth.
Pedicels short, two-flowered, Bractes smooth, one at the base
of each common pedicel, and one about the middle of each of
the proper ones, Flotvers numerous, pale, greenish yellow,
and fragrant. Calyx none. Petals four, linearly spauleme
smooth, revolute. Nectary one-leaved, cup-shaped, obtusely
dscdlled +! sovala twos: attached ta
sidg;ahcthe coils oer filiform. Stigma clavateenties
ote HEDYOTIS. ‘Shee gen. ON. 153.
Cale fout-ported: Corol one-petalled, Finda giad i
364 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Hediyotis.
Capsule inferior, two-celled, many-seeded, Receptucles ad-
hering to the partition their whole length. Hmbryo centri- *
me and furnished with a perisperm. |
ii H, hispida. Retz. Oba, Botwiv. p- 23. Linn. sp. pl. ed.
i, 565...
_ Diffuse, four-sided, rooting at the joints. Leaves dusiies
lanceolate, with hispid margins. Flowers axillary, crowded,
It sprung up and blossomed in December in the Botanic
garden, amongst plants introduced from the Molictas in
1798-9, ‘
Stem none, but sexvecal square, creeping ieatahices witli
their floriferous extremities ascending. Leaves opposite,
sub-sessile, lanceolate; margins hisiils and entire, sniodth,
from two to three inches long ; the connecting membrane di-
vided into many subulate portions. Flowers axillary, sessile, ©
small, white. Capsule roundish, two-celled... Seeds numér-
“ae. eg
EL, geniculata, R,
Weak, straggling, jointed, round, ameail Joaeia guile
onic, lanceplate, smooth. Flowers sub-verticelled, short-
" Annatve of the Malay, Islands,
lates Petia aa pe oR i ero heed
the corol and apex of the style bearded. _
Gujee, the vernacular name in Silhet, where it isi
nous; flowers and ripens its seed during the. hot au aaa
seasons,
cca
> ans
Stems and branches perennial, round, ualeill Leas.
ze. ghost. petialed, broad-lanceolate, smooth, entire. Séi-
2s cup-shaped, connecti iin Joven SHAS shoes .
Hedyotis. TETRANDRIA MONOGYNTA, 365
nal, diijeglobiitar; throughout trichotomous, al} the ramifica-
‘tions a little villous.’ Bractes linear, spreading. Calyx four:
toothed, Corol with the tube longer than the calyx, its mouth
and the base of the four linear segments of the borders of the
corol very woolly, Germ oval, tid colbell ovula namerous,
attached to the sub-globular receptacles, rising from the mid+
dle of the partition. Style longer than the corol ; apea
woolly; stigma two-cleft. — ovate, two-celled, many-
seeded. ’
4. Hi, lineata. R.
Annual, diffuse, hairy. Leaves sessile, ventricose lanceolar,
longitudinally marked with simple, parallel veins. Peduneles
axillary, two or three together, pretty long, many-flowered:
Capsula round, hairy. Ce EE Ie
Native of Chittagong, where it blossoms during the rains.
5. H. Auricularia, Linn, ; .
Sub-dichotomous, diffuse, soe villous. Leaves
lanceolate, sub-sessile, smooth above; many-nerved below.
Flowers sub-sessile, densely whorled. Capsules villous.
~ Mariguti. Rheed. Hort, Mal. x. pl. 63. t. 32.
_ A native of Silhet and Nepal, where the plant blossoms
during the hot and rainy seasons, From the former place
the plant was introduced in 1815 in the Botanic garden near
Calcutta, by Mr. Smyth,
Beng. Muttia-lata. *
| Root fibrous. . Stem short, woody, divided into many slen- oe
der generally once or twice dichotomous roundish or-slightly)
our-si ded:branches, er are gg ee msely = E
Sepals afaocsd dng half
, 1 even above, vith several obliqna) villous nerves under-
neath; margins scabrous; pairs approximate and exceeding
inmlength their: interstices. " Petioles very short, the uppermost:
_ somewhat longer, hispid; uniting into a. membranaceous, vil)
366 _ TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Spermacoce,
lous, stipulary membrane, which is terminated by long hispid
ciliee, Flowers small, crowded into sessile, globose, axillary,
copious, villous, verticils, concealing, but scarcely. longer
than the petioles and rendering their stipules reflexed. Laci- ©
nie of the calyx linear. Tube of the corolla scarcely longer
than the calyx. Lacinie lanceolar, acute. Throat pubes-
cent, Stamina exserted, erect, shorter than the limb of the .
corolla, with pubescent filaments. | Style barbate. Stigma
oblong. Capsule small, round, slightly furrowed.
Pd
x
| SPERMACOCE. Schreb. gen. N. 135.
Calyee four-leaved. Corol funnel-shaped. Capsule inferior,
ebandl two-celled, two-valved. Seed solitary, longitudi-
nally furrowed on the inside, ’mbryo erect, and farnishetd
with a perisperm. e opis “
1. S. sumairensis, Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd, 571 apnea Obs.
iv. 23.
Shrubby, erect, four-sided. Leaves’ lanceolate, bbmsbit
short-petioled, Corymbs terminal, decompound, —
opening from the base,
A native of moist places amongst the — mountains.
Flowers during the rainy season, petty
_ Siem erect, woolly, obsoletely four-sided, ssaouhel op-
posite, four-sided. Leaves opposite, “spreading, ee
oled, lanceolate, downy ; size very various. »
ing, membranous, two or- three-toothed. Umbel cumnpoth .
terminal, Flowers white, very small. \ Calyx four-leavéd.’
Corol with short, gibbous tube. Capsule oblong, two-celled,
two-valved, two-partible from the base. Seed solitary. gue
Obs, This species ought to be carefully compared with’
Hedyotis fruticosa, Rezt. Obs. ii, 8; andthe capsule of the!
Sanit, Species in Linn, Flor, Zeyl. N. 63. <— be wel pole ey
amined, eterna ened: tn ny pee
‘Spermacoce, ‘TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA,, 367
_ Knoxia corymbosa, Linn, sp, pl. ed. Willd. i. p.582, which
he considérs as Geriner’s K, stricta, appears to me to be
this plant. Indeed the two genera Spermacoce and Knoxia
differ so little from one another as to induce me to think one
of them mighighe: spared, |
-
tie sie BTS POS % (eet
2.8. posi ee} ate { ae
_ Shrubby, erect, ahd: villous. edie opposite, remote,
Ra scclate: entire, villous. Corymbs terminal, decompound,
_ alternate ; divisions becoming spikes when in seed, Stamens
erect, but hid in hairs. Style twice the length of the corol.
Knoxia umbellata, Banks. Herb.
_ Found by Dr. Buchanan in the woods of Koorg, from
whence he sent the seed to the Botanic. garden, where the
plants thrive well, and blossom during the rainy season,
Stem erect, perennial, round, while young villous. Branches
opposite, a little inflected, round and villous, height of the
whole plant about three feet. Leaves opposite, short-petiol-
ed, lanceolate, downy, entire ; length from two to four inches
high... ( : samleneds with. several erect, filiform di-
Visions ; . when, they, accompany the divisions of the inflores-
cence, they are more numerous, and may be called an involu-
cre. Corymbs terminal, brachiate, with the ultimate divisions
lengthened into short spikes by the time the seeds are ripe.
Corol, mouth of the tube shut with much long white hair,
which entirely conceals the large, erect anthers lodged.
amongst it, Style erect. Stigma two-cleft with divisions
ins plate, 2
Obs, This has much the habit of Hodgetts frac, but
e tube of the corol is smoo ] ied heer here cylin-
dric, and shut with helis; ; finally the capsule is there biparti-
ble, opening from, the base, with oblong brown seed, in wee e
368 TRIANDRIA MONOGYNT RAT Spermacoce,
ty it is that of a Knoxia; here it aves not open ere
ly; and has black round seed. )
eS. exserta, R. ‘
’ Shrubby, straight, tender parts villous. Leaves remote, op-
posite, petioled, lanceolate. Corymbs terminal, decompound.
Stamina and the bifid stigma exsert: Capsule oval.
- — of the Circars, where it blossoms in October and —
Obs. fis. aieity allied'to S. teres; farther examination ~
prove them the same. sal
A, S. glabra. R. ee
Shrubby, round, smooth, erect. Leaves ning donee,
smooth. Corymbs axillary, compound ; ‘styles _— gies
clavate. Capsules globular, smooth. ;
A native of Pulo Pinang, has much the habit woe strong
grass or slender bamboo, the situation of the leaves excepted.
~~ Branches round, smooth, straight, jointed, in’ the dry spe-
cimens fistulous, Leaves opposite, sub-sessile, linear-lan-
ceolate, smooth, entire, length from four to six inches; | con-
necting membrane with unequal awned’ processes’ from ‘its
mouth, Peduncles axillary, bearing several ‘cross-armed, mi-
nute umbellets or headlets of small cream-coloured flowers.
Bractes minute. Oorol bell-shaped; mouth of the tube hairy.
Style longer than the corol, hairy. Stigma’clavate, grooved.
Capsule globular, smooth; size of — penis
6. Se laviss Ree ASE SHEE: 4
~ Biennial, straight, round, smooth. Leaves sub2
‘ceolar. Corymbs terminal, Anthers mes in the yard moet
of the infundibuliform corol:
_A native of the interior of Bengal; in the: Botanic csi
-
Spermacoce. TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIAy 369
opposite, and like the stems, whole height about three feet,
Leaves opposite, sub- sessile, lanceolate, smooth, entire; from
one,to three inches long. Connecting membrane divaded into
several subulate segments. Corymbs terminal, compound
and decompound. Flowers numerous, large, pale pink.
Bractes small, and at the divisions of the corymbs chiefly.
Calyx one of the four segments large, all the segments per-
manent. Corol funnel-shaped, before expansion the apex is
large, with four horns; after expansion these projections form
a conical knob under the apex of each segment. Mouth of
the tube bearded. Filaments short; anthers linear, just
within the tube. Germ two-celled, with one seed in each,
attached to the top of the partition. Style longer than the tube
of the corol, Stigma bifid. Seyments revolute. Capsule ob-
long, crowned, two-celled, two-valved ; valves keeled on the
back. Seed solitary, longitudinally ¢ grooved on the middle
of the inside,
Obs. It may be readily distinguished from S. teres (the
only species known to me that it can be mistaken for) by its
~ smoothness, greater size of the flowers, and the segments of
their borders being enlarged: with a conic ksob on the outside
ier cca
* s. Sabie: R. Rian
Erect, ramous, hairy. eaves short-petioled, lanceolate,
acuminate; linear. Stipules triangular and shaggy. Heads
axillary on trichotomous short peduncles Stamina protrud-
ed. ae
A native of the Moluccas, The lineate, hairy, very acute,
tapering leaves, long shaggy triangular stipule, and small
_peduncled heads of axillary flowers, readily distinguish this
pyaar all eerie Lion pei nn tome
ae wee eee oe att 4 ie
_ Goheegiass te
ect simple, nearly round and on leaves patinlet
shee EO Tess x Pe ©
370 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Spermacoce.
lanceolate, entire, smooth, Flowers axillary and terminal, ses-
sile, crowded. :
» A very small species, less than six inches high, a native of °
the Island of Honimoa.
8. S. stricta, Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. i, 573.
Annual, erect, four-sided. Leaves sessile, linear-lanceolate.
Flowers in dense, globular, axillary verticils. Capsules scab- -
rous, gaping at the apex.
Teling. Sookukada.
An annual, a native of wet rice fields, appears and flowers
during the rainy season. :
_ Stem erect, branchy,; four-sided, about a foot high, angles
acute and scabrous, » Branches decussated, stem-like, but
slenderer, Leaves opposite, sessile, lanceolate, entire, a little
scabrous, Stipule, a connecting membrane, ciliate. Vertictls
globular. Involucres leaflike. Flowers most numerous,
minute, white. Tube cylindric. Stigma globular. Capsule
two-celled, opening at the apex. Seed solitary.
9.8. costata. R. ,
Diffuse, very downy. Leaves broad-lanceolate, or oblong,
ribbed. Flowers crowded on little exiliery, ssaspige um-
bellets, Stamine protruded. —
_ Hedyotis Auricularia, Linn. agve
Supposed to be a native of the Mibwesens as the wpteit
sprung up in” ‘the Botanic garden, from some earth brought
with the spice plants from those Islands in 1800. It blossoms
and ripens its seed during the greatest part of the year.
Root biennial, if not perennial, Stems or rather branches
many, diffuse, round, from one to three feet long, clothed
with long, soft diverging hairs. Leaves opposite, sub-sessile,
broad-lanceolate, entire, ribbed with numerous large, simple, .
parallel veins ; downy on both sides, from two to three inches
éng,and about one broad ; ; connecting membrane with gener-
ally three, unequal, seniees subulate divisions, Flowers axil- |
Spermacoce, § TETRANDRIA MONOGYNTA, 371
dary, numerous, pale pink, very small, crowded together into
small round heads, on short peduncles, and pedicels, the whole
forming little, proliferous, villous umbels, Jnvolucre and in-
volucels annular, villous, from three to six-parted, Calyx, di-
visions equal, acute, hairy. Corol funnel-shaped, hairy on the
outside, and in the throat of the tube; divisions of the border
recurved, Stamens protruded beyond the mouth of the corol.
-Germ beneath, broad-turbinate. Style about as long as the
tube of the corol, Stigma two-cleft, villous. Pericarp with
two seeds,
10.8. semierecta. R.
._ Stem variously bent, but ascending, square. Branches
brachiate, alternately smaller. Leaves ovate. Flowers in
‘small, compact verticils, Stamens and style inclosed. oie psule
turbinate, hairy, |
A native, I suppose, of Sumatra, as the oe from; Sch
this description is taken, sprung up in a bed, where earth
from that Island had been thrown, and in one ve was shont
a foot and a half high, ae
The lower branches brachiate ; the superior often sec rt
they are all very exactly four-sided with angles sharp and
somewhat hispid; in other respects they are very smooth,
Leaves opposite, with smaller ones in their axills, short-peti-
oled,.. acuminate, entire, very slightly scabrous, particularly
the margins, with nerves and veins on the underside, Conect-
ing membrane divided into several filiform portions,.. F/ow-
ers numerous, very smal), white, sessile, collected into small
compact, round verticils. Corol, divisions of the borde
bearded in the centre, Anthers within the tube. |
hs scab, Liam pple Willi 57 sag isifi
| pov: : 2 inves epnsccptetpeaanl ll
what Cnladc Flowers axillary, sessile, Stamens and style
2
372 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Spermacoce,
»Tardavel. Rheed. Hort. Mal. 9. p. 149. t. 76. The leaves
however are a little too sharp for our Coromandel plant...»
Stem short and generally annual. Lower branches oppo-
site, superior alternate, round, coloured, very hairy, some-
what scabrous, weak, spreading and variously curved.
Leaves opposite, sessile, round, obovate, or nearly oval, some-
what acute; hairy on both sides, edges recurved and more
or less curled. Connecting stipule with three, four, or five fi-
liform processes. Flowers axillary, generally in pairs, though
often several together, but expanding in succession, sessile,
small, purple. Calyz, the four divisions or in this species ra-
ther leaflets, lanceolate, nearly as long as the tube of the co-
rol. Corol sub-campanulate, half four-cleft. Stamens as long
as the segments of the corol. Style as long as the stamens.
‘Stigmas two, two-lobed, segments revolute. Capsile oval,
two-celled. Partition membranaceous. Seed solitary, oval,
equally obtuse at each end,
12. S. articularis. Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. i. 72.
Annual, diffuse, four-sided. Leaves opposite, sessile, broad-
lanceolate; connecting stipules from three to five-bristled.
‘Flowers verticelled, Corol infundibuliform, four times _
er than the calyx. Stamens and style erect.
A native of ‘the sandy soil on the coast of Coromandel
near the sea, and in flower the greatest part of the year. —
Root generally annual, Stem scarcely any, but many dif-
fuse straggling, four-sided, alternate, hispid branches from
one to two feet in Tength. Leaves opposite, sessile, lanceolate,
ea little hairy ; veins simple, from one to two inches oe and
half an inch broad. Connecting stipules cup-shaped, with
from three to six bristles from each side. Flowers axillary,
sessile, two, three, or four, expanding in succession from the —
same axill. Calyx with slender, linear’ divisions. Corol
infundibuliform, | Tube slender, three or four times longer
‘hin te nee) ‘Stamens erect. ae
masts
mY Whisks Jae ‘23. tig tet ae
Hydrophylax, | TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 373
broad, and revolute. Capsule two-celled; partition membra-
naceous, Seed solitary, oval, furrowed on the flat side,
13. S. hispida, Linn. Mant. 558, sp. pl. ed. Willd. i. 572.
~ Annual, with diffuse, obsoletely four-sided, hairy branches.
Leaves obovate, cuneate, waved, scabrous. Flowers verti-
celled, two, three, or four in each axill. Tube of the corol
twice the length of the calyx. Stamens and style erect.
- Teling. Madana-bunta-kada.
Galeopsis zeylanica. Burm. Zeyl. 20. f. 3. agrees pretty
well with my plant except in the numerous pedicelled flowers.
~ Common on the sandy lands near the sea on the coast of
Coromandel.
HYDROPHYLAX. Schreb. gen. N. 159. _ ie
Calyx four-parted ; corol campanulate, Germ two-relled,
one-seded, inferior.. Capsule inferior, angular, two-celled.
Seed solar Sci erect, and furnished with a perisperm..
as H. maritima. ions sp. pl. ed, Willd. i. 581.
Sarissus anceps, Gert. carp. i. p. 118, t. 2. f, 4,
Diodia orientalis. Kon, Mss.
A native of the sand hills along the shores of Consisaiell:
and Malabar, where it is in blossom most part of the year.
- Root perennial, Stem none, but many. long, slender; vari-
ously bent, striking, round, coloured branches running over:
the sand and often striking root from the joints. Keenet
posite, approximate, short-petioled, from a deep, stem~ :
ing, dentate cup. Flowers axillary, sub-sessile, one or two
i ofa pale pink colour. Calyx above, four-parted ; |
divisions ensiform, permanent, Corol campanulate, tube hairy
on: theinside near dee bottim,, the four divisions of the border.
ovate, spreading, with their apices somewhat revolute, Fi-_
laments four, erect, shorter than the corol, and inserted on
x3
374 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Rubia,
the mouth of its tube, opposite to its fissures. Anthers pur-
ple. Germ oblong. Style length of the corol. Stigma of two
round lobes. Pericarp when ripe a dry berry, of a lanceo-
late shape, crowned with the remaining calyx, two-celled,
with a single linear oblong seed in each, as detailed and
figured by: that very eminent and most accurate botanist
Geertner, |
RUBIA. Schreb. gen. N. 164.
- Calyzx scarcely any. Corol one-petalled, from fons to five-
pevted . Berries inferior, twin, Seeds solitary. Embryo
erect, and furnished with a perisperm.
.
1. R. Manjista, R,
Perennial, scandent. Leaves four-fold, long-petioled, cor-
date, acute, from five to seven-neryed, hispid, Corol flat,
five-parted, pentandrous, Fleming in Asiat. Res. xi. 177, —
Sans. Munjistha, Vikusa, Jigee, Sumunja, Kalumeshika,
Mundooku urnee, Bhundeeree or Bhundiree, Bhundee, Yo-
zunuvullee.
Beng. Munjit or Munjistha. tts
A native of Nepal, and other mountainous countries, soit
and north-east of Bengal. It grows in the Botanic garden
at Calcutta, but requires uncommon care to keep it. alive
during the:rainy sendom ¢uid'Thns never: blomoined there. -
- Root | al. Stems woody, scandent, ic over
trees and bushes. “Branches cross-armed, from the axill of
the large pair of leaves, jointed, swelling at the joints, hairy _
for a little distance below them, four-sided; angles sharp and
armed with small, recurved prickles; the exterior cortex,
which forms these angles, drops off by age, leaving the long=:
er branches and stems round, and covered witha soft reddish :
somewhat downy bark. Leaves four-fold, petioled, one of.
the pairs always much larger, viz. about double the size iat
the ees all are cert cordate, |
Lxora, TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 375-
entire, acute, pointed, generally five or seven-nerved, though
in the largest there are sometimes nine, and in the smallest
three, or even sometimes obliterated ; these nerves are armed _
with small recurved prickles, like those on the angles of the
branchlets ; both sides channelled. Panicles terminal, oblong,
composed of numerous, opposite, small, sub-globular, tricho-
tomous panicles from the axill of the floral leaves. Peduncles
and pedicels four-sided, smooth. Bractes opposite, sessile,
long, cordate. Flowers numerous, minute. Calyz, if any,
so minute as not to be visible. Corol flat, five-parted ; divi-
sions lanceolate, acute, with points inflected. Stamens five,
shorter than the corol. Germ beneath, twin. Style scarce-
ly any, stigma large, two-cleft. Berries two, or one; the
second not always coming to maturity, globular, size of a
small grain of pepper, smooth. Seed single, round, Se iattl e
with a deep pit on one side.
Obs, It differs from R. cordifolia in: being ited:
The roots, stems, and larger branches are used to dye red
with, : e
IXORA* Schreb. gen. N. 167.
"Calyx four-toothed. Corol one-petalled, funnel-shaped.
Tube long, with the stamina in its mouth, Germ two-celled,
one-seeded, lateral. Berry inferior, two-seeded. Embryo .
erect, curved, and furnished with a perisperm,
1.1. coccinea, Linn, sp. pl. ed, Willd, i. 609.
Shrubby. Leaves oblong, cordate, sessile, acute, smooth,
entire. Segments of the corol ovate-lanceolate, acute, Berry
crowned with the shut segments of the calyx.
Schetti, Rheed, Mal. ii. p. 17.4. 12. is isa pretty good figure
- © Sir William sale observes: (Ada: Red! ‘iv. 251), that no
Indian god was ever named Ixora ; he adds at the same time that
Iswara, which is indeed a title of Shiva, would be a very impro-
per appellation of a plant which has already a classical name.
: x4
376 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNITA, | Txora.
of it, but the description of. the colour of aoe flowers. he not
so well agree.
Jasminum flore tetrapetalo. Burm. Zeyl. 125. t. 57, good.
In the Tanjore country and in China I have found. this
most beautiful shrub in great abundance in its wild state.
In a cultivated state it flowers all the year round, I have
had it eight years in my garden, and it is not more than three
-or four feet high, with many erect branches, but scareely
any thing like a trunk.
Leaves opposite, sessile, approximated, dicimaties shia,
pointed, entire, smooth, shining, from three to four inches
Jong, and one and a half broad. Stipules within the leaves
with an awled process on each side. Corymb terminal,
three-forked. Bractes small, rigid. Peduncles and pedicels
short, coloured. lowers numerous, pretty large, bright
scarlet, inodorous. Calyx four-toothed; divisions acute.
Corol, stamens and pisiil as in the genus. Berry size of a
small cherry, red, juicy, two-celled, Seed = convex.
on one side, and flat on the other.
Obs, Flamma sylvarum. Rumph. Amb. iv. p. 105. t. 46,
is a very bad representation of this species, and much more
like my Ixora fulgens, 1 have therefore doubtfully, quoted
it for that plant.
od Ee & Bandhuca. R. :
erie: spreading. Leaves wands sedges Tepes
crowded. Segments of the corol cee obsuse.!1 apes
_ crowned with the open calyx. oats a Stee Sees
Asiat, Res, iv. p. 250. 5 eel roo
Sans, Ruktuka, Bundhooka, or Bundhooka, Bandar
vuka,
Beng. Rangun, Rujuna.
_A very elegant, uncommonly. ramous, Sule rae
native of Hindoostan, Sir: William Jones observes that the
flower is often mentioned by the best Indian Poets. It isin
Tzora, TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 377
flower the whole year but chiefly a the oe it is
highly ornamental. eal girlie:
Stem none, but branches innumerable, which divide ach
and spread close on the ground, forming a large hemisphe-
rical bush, Bark of the large branches dark brown, and ra-
ther scabrous; that of the young shoots, smooth, and green:
Leaves opposite, stem-clasping, oblong, obtuse, with a small
point, entire, firm, smooth on both sides. Stipules interfoli-
aceous, annular, with a subulate process on each side. | Co-
rymbs terminal, crowded, divisions many, but short, Flowers
numerous, when they first open scarlet, changing afterwards
to crimson, | Bractes opposite, conic, acute, Calyx superior,
four-toothed, coloured, permanent, Corod with a very long
slender. tube ; segments of the border four, ovate, rather ob-
tuse, spreading. Filaments four, short, inserted without the
mouth of the tube, spreading, anthers linear, spreading.
Germ two-celled, with one seed in each, attached to the mid-
dle of the partition. Style length of the tube of the corol.
Stigma bifid, Berry spherical, size of a large pea, smooth,
fleshy, when ripe purple, two-celled, Seed solitary, oval,
convex on the outside flat, with a deep pit on the inside. In-
teguments two; exterior nuciform; inner membranaceous.
Perisperm conform to the seed, cartilaginous. Embryo erect,
curved, nearly as Jong as the perisperm. Cotyledons reni-
form, cordate. Radicle cylindric, longer than the eotyledons,
inferior.
_ Obs, This species is nearly allied to I. coccinea, but differs
in the following respects :
Ist. This is a toa ramous eee 98 ot ne 0
so, and nearly erect. - =’
2d. In this the leven aro nem claaping, and obtuse ‘in
that sessile and acute. ?
3d. In this Adrsogmenniol: the bore eof uceiel are ovate,
and rather obtuse 5 in that ovate-laniceolate, sadestaieds we
lastly,
378 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. TIxora,
4th. The calyx on the fruit is open in thin species, in that
shut intoa qunichs point.
3. 1 sileens R.
- Shrubby. Leaves sub-sessile, lanceolate, acute. Cor sepals
terminal, highly coloured. Segments of the calyx cordate.
Tube of the corol long and filiform, with smooth contracted
mouth; segments lanceolate, and larger than the erect sta-
mens. Berries two-lobed. .
_ Flamma sylvarum. een Amb. iv. 105. t. 46% prety
good,
» This elegant, highly nvinioel shrub is a native of the
Moluceas, and from thence was introduced into the Botanic
garden, where it blossoms most part of the year. - aids
Trunk short, soon dividing into many straggling .weak
branches, covered with seach dark-brown bark, . Leaves
opposite, short-petioled, lanceolate, entire, acute, smooth on
both sides; from six to eight inches. long, and from ‘one to.
three broad. Stipules connecting, with an acute point on each:
side. -Corymbs terminal, composed of short, decussate, high-
ly coloured branches, and branchlets, supporting numerous,
short-peduncled, long-tubed, pretty large, scarlet. flowers,
with the four segments of their border acute, and broad-lan-
ceolate, stamens erect, Berry two-lobed, size of a marrow-—
fat pea, smooth, when ripe of a deep purple, two-celled..
Seeds solitary, nearly round, convex on the back, with a deep
cavity on the inside, and from thence attached by a thick —
short cord to the centre of the partition, _Integuments two,
the exterior corresponding with what Geertner calls the aril-—
lus in Coffea, ash-coloured, and firm like parchment; the in-
ner membranaceous, and darker coloured. . Perisperm con-
form to the seed, pale blue, and of a soft cartilaginous con-.
sistence. Embryo erect, one-third shorter than the perisperm, -
curved, Cotyledons two, cordate, Radicle sub-clavate, in-
’
Ixora, TETRANDRIA MONOGYNTA, 379
A, I. stricta. R. : Sadteiy
_ Shrubby, straight, Leaves sub-sessile, oblong. Corymbs
dense, compound, hemispheric. Lacini@ of the corol round, |
spreading. Anthers bristle-pointed.
Ixora coccinea. Lourier, Cochin Ch. 95, Curtis’s Botanical
Magazine, No. 169.
- Flamma sylvarum peregrina. Rumph. Amb. iv. 107. t. AT.
This beautiful plant was brought to the Botanie garden
‘from the Moluccas in 1798, where it is in constant blossom
the whole year round ; but rarely ripens its fruits. The plant,
when in flower is highly ornamenta® though by no means so
gaudy as I, coccinea and Bandhuca, which are certainly two
of our most showy Indian shrubs.
‘Trunk scarcely any, but a few perfectly achiaks branches,
covered with dark-brown smooth bark ; height from three to
four feet. Leaves opposite, sub-sessile, chalaes entire, smooth —
on both sides, _ Stipules interfoliaceous, long, taper, acute-
pointed. Corymbs terminal, very dense, sub-hemispheric,
primary divisions brachiate, and short, extreme divisions
trichotomous; all smooth and of a bright, deep red colour.
Flowers numerous, colour at first a lively orange approach-
ing to scarlet, becoming deeper and deeper from the time of
expansion, Calyx bright red, fleshy ; divisions short and ob-
tuse, Corol, tube, cylindric. Border of four round, spreading
segments, Filaments without the tube, short, spreading, flat,
with their linear acute anthers over the divisions of the border
of the corol. Stigma two-cleft, elevated a little above the
- mouth of the tube. Berry spherical, smooth, succulent, red,
two-celled, with a single rugose seed ineach,
- Obs, In the Botanic garden at Calcutta PEE
mous variety of this charming plant introduced from China,
where it is called Hong-mou-tang, with a: — flowers
ae ne Ais
ott . EWE gh es
5. I. alba: Linn. sp. zh ie i. 906:
Leaves sessile, broad-lanceolar, Corymbs decompound,
380 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Lxora,
dense, sub-hemispheric; /acinie of the corol obovate and re- _
. flexed.
Until I came to Bengal I had not an opkeiatpaity of seeing
this elegant plant. I have found it only in gardens, Flower-
ing time the hot and rainy seasons. The shrub itself is much
like Ixora coccinea,
Ramous, erect, and smooth in every part, Leaves. oppo-
site, sessile, broad-lanceolar, smooth, a little waved, from three
to six inches long. Stipules within the leaves. Corymbs
terminal, compound, or decompound, dense, often bemi- —
spheric ; divisions or sul@divisions hy threes, Flowers every
numerous, inodorous, white, with a straight, rather longer
and more slender tube than in Jxora coccinea; divisions the
border reflexed, obovate. -
Obs. This is probably nothing more thie a irasiedip of
stricta, or that of this. It was originally eae from snags
where it is called Ta-mou-tang.
6. I. euneifolia, R. i
Shrubby. Leaves broad- cuneate, lanceolate, pointed. Co-
rymbs terminal, long-peduncled. Flowers crowded ; —
ments of the calyx oblong, conic.
A native of the-country about Dacca, from aite die ise
Colonel Peter Murray sent seeds to the Botanic garden,
where the plants grow freely, blossom in ee aut —
their seed in August and September. —
Trunk short. Branches opposite, saieaheiiincas ats
avena with smooth brown bark ; young shoots smooth, and:
green, Leaves opposite, short-petioled, broad, cuneate, lan~
ceolate, recurved, entire, taper, obtuse-pointed, firm and po-
lished, somewhat bullate ; length from four to six inches, by.
one and a half or two broad. Stipules tapering, subulate,
pointed. Corymbs terminal, long-peduncled, trichotomousy
alternate divisions ending in fascicles of sub-sessile, creme
"pure white flowers, with a slight tinge of pink on the outsi 3
Bractes in opposite ps atthe vaio divin fhe
Frora. TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 381
rymb and under the calyx subulate. Flowers very numerous,
pure white, fragrant. Calyx four-cleft to the base, divisions ~
long, natrow and acute, Tube of the corol cylindric, very
slender, three quarters of an inch long; the four segments of
the border oblong and obtuse. Filaments trom the inner
edges of the fissures of the border of the corol. Anthers nar-
row, sagittate. Germ oval, two-celled, with one seed in each,
attached to the middle of the partition. Stigma of two linear
- Jobes, elevated considerably above the mouth of the tube.
Berry round, turbinate, size of a small cherry, when ripe
bright red, and smooth, two-celled, Seed solitary, round, oval,
convex on the outside, with a large deep pit on the inner.
Integuments two; exterior nuciform; imner membranaceous,
and greenish. Perisperm conform to theseed. Embryo erect,
curved like the convex seed. Cotyledons reniform, esnectel
cylindric, length of the cotyledons, inferior. |
Obs. Vahl’s figure of I. parviflora, Symbol. Bot. iii. t. 52;
is much like this plant; his description however agrees bet-
ter with what I have always considered to be his parviflora,
and which is so labelled in Sir Joseph Banks’s herbarium,
They differ in the following respects. That (1. parviflora) is
a tree, this a shrub; in that the leaves are linear oblong with
a cordate base, of a much firmer texture, and more polished ;
in this they taper for two-thirds of their length to the base,
(hence the specific name cuneifolia.) In that the segments
of the calyx are short and obtuse, in this long and acute. In
_ that the berries are round and black; in this short, turbinate
and red. The corymbs also differ exis ley In both hans
= seg are pwllsito; but i in tale much estes! ii 1: BO
! Cae
Pete P se £)
me L rughiant re pbereivnbn: is
Eset Leaves: shia wtipeioted lanceoar, Panictes in
chiate, with remote, diverging branches. -
oA stout shrub, a native of» Da Rikiatel Boog. In the
Botanic garden it flowers in March, and the seeds ripen in
= Mies
382 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Txora.
Trunk erect, Branches opposite, spreading much, but they
’ are not so numerous as in I, parviflora, Bark brown, and
pretty smooth. Leaves opposite, short-petioled, lanceolar, ob-
tuse, smooth, of a hatd texture, from four to six inches: long,
by less than two broad. Stipules triangular, acute. Panicles —
terminal, brachiate ; ramifications few, remote on long, round,
smooth peduncles. Flowers numerous, minute, much small-
er than in I. parviflora. Calyx small, deeply four-toothed,
coloured. Corol with a filiform tube; segments of the border
obovate, emarginate. Filaments none. Anihers linear, at-
tached by their backs to the bottom of the fissures of the bor-
der of the corol. Germ turbinate, two-celled, with one seed
in each, attached to the partition, Style scarcely longer than
the tube. Stigma large, two-lobed. Berry the sizeof a large
pea, smooth, succulent, dark brown purple, two-celled. Seeds
solitary, round, convex, on the outside concave, with a pit on
the inner. Integuments two, exterior white, hard, thin, and
elastic; inner tender and thin. Perisperm ‘acetabuliform,
amyedaline, Embryo erect, curved. Cotyledons cordate.
Radicle cylindric, curved, inferior. ip
Obs. A handsome shrub, and nearly allied to Vahis I.
pervrfiora, though very different from the plant so labelled _
in the Banksian herbarium, white bores in abundanessin
this garden, scieein cunt
- Ist. In the shape of the real which i in that species are
sub.sessile, and generally have a broad stem-clasping base;
in this the petiole is about half an inch long, and the leaves
taper more towards the base than at the exterior end. ~
2d. In the thinness of the panicle, (though of the same con-
formation), and the size of the flowers, which in this species
are much smaller, and every way more delicate, and also in
their shape, which in that — is oblong before _!
sion, but in this round, : aren
= ths th shes re sein that hey have sort
txzora. TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 38
8. I. villosa. R. , teak :
- Shrubby. Leaves broad-cuneate, lanceolar, villous under- -
neath. Corymbs super-decompound to the sixth or seventh |
degree, divisions trichotomous, villous; Calycine segments
oblong and ciliate.
Beng. Choonaree.
This species is a native of Silhet, where it grows to ra an
elegant middling sized shrub with large crowded corymb sof
fragrant white flowers, which appear in May and June.
- Young shoots straight and villous. Leaves opposite, short-
petioled, broad-cuaneate, lanceolar, entire, acuminate, under-
neath soft with very short down; from six to ten inches long,
by from two to four broad. Stipules downy, with the ends
subulate. Corymbs terminal, from four to eight times tricho- —
tomous, all the divisions downy, and the last three-flowered,
Bractes opposite, downy ; two slender small ones pressing the
base of each calyx. Calyx four-parted, segments oblong, —
ciliate, Corol with a very long, smooth, filiform tube ; seg-
ments of the border four, oblong, aoping’ in the ne
chien bad sae are imbricated. ; |
ae 9. ek acuminata, i
Shrabby. Leaves petioled, Giascini: acuminate, smooth ;
floral pair stem-clasping, and broader. Corymbs magerlis
compound, much crowded, and smooth. ne segments
ensiform,
- A very charming shrubby species, a native of the Sate
near Silhet, where it blossoms during the hot season, and per-
fans the air with the fora of its o lowers, wie
“10. L Ligarbilenic Vahl. Symbol il. t, 52. Linn. sp.
plied. Willd. i. 609. the |
A “Leaves sub-sesile, blong: aa 'Panicles
long, decussatec -Laciniae of the corol ovate. Style
Beng. Genial rages.
384 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Txora,
. Teling. Tadda-pullu.
Among the mountains of the coast of Coromandel this spe-
cies grows to be a ‘pretty large tree; in the low lands it is
much smaller, seldom exceeding fifteen or twenty feet in
height. Flowering time February and March.
Bark dark-coloured, scabrous. Leaves opposite, short-
petioled, linear-oblong, pointed at the base, often ‘cordate;
smooth, shining, firm, entire, from three to four inches long,
and from one and a half to two broad. Stipules as in I. coe-
einea. Panicles ovate, terminal, erect, cross-armed ;\ divi-
sions always three-forked. Bractes at the principal divisions
stipulaceous, with four subulate processes ; the rest are small,
one below each ramification. Flowers small, white, fragrant.
The style is hairy. Berry generally two-seeded, somewhat
two-lobed, size of a pea, black.
11. I. barbata. R. ny
Tube of the corol long; mouth bearded. Leaves opposite,
short-petioled, oblong, entire, smooth, shining ; floral leaves,
round cordate, sessile. Panicles open.
__ This elegant, densely ramous, large shrub, or small tree, I
have found only in the Botanic garden. Flowering time the.
hot season, | . te
Trunk scarcely any, branches numerous, opposite. Leaves
opposite, short-petioled, oblong, entire, smooth, and shining
on both sides, from six to nine inches long. Stipules within
the leaves as in the other species. Corymbs, or rather pani-
cles terminal, decompound, large, diffuse, always trichoto-
“mous, smooth in every part. Bractes, the lowermost pair em- —
bracing the base of the common peduncle, large, and cordate,
(they may be called floral leaves ;) the rest gradually de-
crease in size till they become very minute at the ultimate
divisions. Calyx as in the genus, with acute divisions, Tube
_ of the corol long and slender, its mouths crowned with long
‘White haee.. Styl the length of the col Stig :
®
Txora. _ ‘TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 385
just without the mouth of the tube, apex slightly bifid.
Berry red, smooth, size of a pea, two-seeded. :
Obs. Bem-Schetti, Rheed. Mal. ii. p. 19. t. 13, is a toler-
_ able representation of this plant, but a bad one of what I con-
sider to be Lxora alba,
42.3%; undulata. R.
Leaves opposite, broad-lanceolar, acute, much waved.
-Panicles terminal, open; divisions of the calyx acute. Fila-
ments as long as the anthers, Stigma two-cleft. Berries ©
* transversely oval.
Beng. Paluka-Jooi.
A ramous shrub, a native of forests in Bengal, flowering
time the hot season. ae
Leaves opposite, sub-sessile, spreading, broad-lanceolar or
oblong, pointed, margins much waved, smooth on both sides
but not shining. Stipules within the leaves, with a long awl-
ed process on each side. Corymbs or rather panicles termi-
nal, decompound, &c. as in I. barbata, but much smaller.
_ Bractes as in the other species, Flowers numerous, small,
white. Calyx, divisions acute. Corol, divisions on the border |
_ reflexed, rather shorter than the tube. Filaments from the
fissures of the corol, pretty long, spreading and variously
bent, Andhers as in the genus, Style rather longer than the
tube. Stigma two-cleft ; divisions recurved,
13. I. Pavetta, R. .
Shrubby. Leaves short-petioled, smooth, entire. Panicles
fastigiate, axillary, and terminal. Style twice the Be of
the corol, Stigma entire. Berries globular, _ —
Pavetta indica, Linn, sp. pl. ed, Willd. i, 610.
_ Pavetta, s, Malleamothe. ness. si es Mat. + v.19. 1, 10,i is
cota this sgesiie
e
386 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Txora.
A middle sized shrub, common on road sides, hedges, un-
cultivated lands, &c. where there is a good soil.
Branches cross-armed, ascending. Bark ash-coloured.
Leaves opposite, petioled, oblong, entire, pointed, always §
smooth or both sides, which ana the chief difference be-.
tween this and the next species; from four to six inches long,
and two, on two and a half broad. Stipules as in the aS |
species, Corymbs compound, terminal, large, nearly level-
topped, cross armed, Peduncles and pedicels round, and
smooth, Bractes as in the former species. Flowers white,
somewhat fragrant. Calyz, divisions obtuse. Style twice the
length of the tube. Stigma clubbed, Bary globular, size of
a ss one or or two-seeded,
14, I, tomentosa. R.
Shrubby. Leaves oblong, ventricose, entire, tomentose,
Panicles lax, sub-globular, tomentose ; style twice the length
of the corol. Stigma entire. Berries globular,
Beng. Jooi, | pieces
Teling. Nam-papoota.
A large shrub, native of the same places, butnot so common. is
as the last described. Flowers the beginning of the hot season, .
_ Branches cross-armed, _ascending. _ Bark ash-coloured,
Leaves opposite, petioled, ovate, pointed, entire, both sides.
very downy, from four to eight inches long, : and from three
to five broad. Stipules as in the former species, Panicles ter-_ +s
minal, globular, cross-armed, divisions always three-forked.
els round, downy. Bractes as in the -for-
Peduncles and p
mer species, Flowers numerous, white, faintly fragrant. bie
twice the length of the tube, Stigma clubbed. Berry gener-
ally two seeded.
Obs. In all the foregoing species the berries are [eg
ed, though it often happens that but one comes to perfection, :
I never met with any that had three or four. I do not find
that the inhabitants of these pares, make use 2 of fhe es 5 eK ral
> i: 2
.
Txora, TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, > 387
15. tenuiflora. R. oath piag. bs
Leaves short-petioled, oblong, obtuse, smooth. Panieles t
minal, corymbiform, contracted, Segments of the calyx « cor-
date, and obtuse, tube of the corol long, and most slender.
Segments of its border oblong, obtuse, ‘tind longer than the
erect style,.or stamina, —
A native of the Moluccas, and with flowers infinitely more
delicate than I. fulgens which it most resembles, |
#16. I; congesta, R. :
Shrubby. Leaves short-petioled, oblong, strongly veined.
Corymbs terminal, short, dense. Flowers sub-sessile. Seq-
ments of the calyx obscurely reniform; those of the border
of the corol oblong, and obtuse.
A native of the Moluccas, and differs from I _fulgensin the
firm somewhat coriaceous leaves, with sgehin a veins, ,
17. I. lanceolaria, Colebr.
Shrubby, smooth; branches slender, penile wads
chotomous, Leaves: in appeexeents pairs, very long, linear-
lanceolate, acuminate, short-petioled. Corymb terminal, sub-
sessile, small, with coloured sealy, crowded peduncles, Tube
of the corol filiform; lacinie linear-oblong. Anthers ek
with deeply bifid iets: he
A native of Travancore. Introduced into the Botanic faci
den by Dr, A. Berry in 1803. Time of blossoming the hot
season ; the fruit ripens towards the close of the rains,
An erect shrub, five, six, or even more feet high, with di- _
chotomous, very little spreading, ash-coloured branches, 2
Branchlets very slender and twiggy, hanging, green, ' with: —
numerous compressed widened joints, like all the other parts’
of the plant smooth. Leaves spreading, from five to seven
inches long and almost as ‘many times exceeding their in-
terstices, an inch or less broad. a little above their acute base,
from thence tapering into a sharp acumen, opaque and some-
what glaucous above, pale beneath, with a slender white rib>
Y2
388 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Pyrostria,
and very fine sub-opposite nearly transversal nerves which
communicate with each other in sub-marginal arches, Pe-
tioles about two lines long, channelled, Stipules adpressed.
lanceolate, as broad as the interstices between the insertion )
of the two opposite leaves, tapering into a subulate point
which generally exceeds the petioles in length. Corymb
small, supported by a pair of very short leaves, consisting of
twice or thrice trichotomous, reddish, pubescent peduncles,
with opposite linear, subulate bractes under each division,
having a stipuliform, fimbriated process between their _
bases. Pedicels ternate or fascicled, two or three lines long,
with three pairs of reddish fleshy subulate scales, the upper-
most adpressed to the calyx. Calyx very small, oblong,
reddish, with erect subulate teeth; at the bottom, within,
there is a series of fleshy, subulate, withering and sphacelat-
ed cilie as in the family of Asclepiadee and Apocynee. ©
Corolla white ; tube slender, half an inch long ; limb spread-
ing, equalling the tube, with linear oblong-faleate, slightly
pubescent lacinie. Anthers linear and long, the base bifid
and ending in two whitish processes, Filaments short, exsert-)
ed, Style clavate. Stigma two-lobed, subulate, spreading,
elevated above the mouth of the corolla, Berry as large as
a marrow-fat pea, red, smooth, crowned with the four subu--
late, erect teeth of the calyx. Seeds cup-shaped, hemisphe-
bighe veel ¢ Sie ak ag Ss
ae.
" PYROSTRIA. uss. gen. ed. Us 190,
Cage firur-toothed, Corol with cylindric tebe, and fouls
cleft.border. Drupe inferior, with as far as eight, pes
ed nuts,
1. P. hevasperma, R, | Me as ee
Leaves pppoe short-petioled, oblong, pay entire.
Corymbs axillary, and nine within, the on idate, hairy, sti
Salvadora. TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 389°
t
A native of the Island of Honimoa.
Tender shoots clothed with brown hairs. Leaves Senos,
approximate, short-petioled, oblong, acute, entire, a little
hairy; from three to four inches long. Stipules within the
leaves cuspidate, hairy. . Peduncles opposite ; with the sti-
pules many times longer than the petioles, each ending in a
small twice dichotomous, corymbiform, panicle of recurved
secund spikes, Bractes subulate, one-flowered. Flowers
rather small, hairy. Calyx four-toothed. Corol with a
slender, cylindric, villous tube, and contracted, four-parted
border. Filaments none. Anthers linear in the mouth of
the tube of the corol, and aftixed to it by their backs., Germ -
beneath, ‘Style shorter than the corol, Stigma simple.
Dripe round, six-ribbed ; size of a pea. Seeds or nuts regu-
larly six, sub-cylindric. Geet:
SALVADORA. Schreb. gen. N. 220:
- Calyx four-toothed, Corol one-petioled, patente. Style
none or ahioets x meaty cee one-seeded, |
¥
os: s. persiea, Ein! sp. pl.ed. Willd. i. 695. R. Coromy
pli N. 26.
Rivina paniculata. Syst. nat. x. p, 899.
Yeling, Pedda-warago-wenki.
A middle sized tree, a native of most parts of the Concent
though by no means common ; it seems to grow equally well
in every soil. Produces Sonvers and ripe fruit all the fone
round, |
Trunk generally crooked, PRT UG SMP
the branches, and one in diameter. Bark very scabrous, and
deeply cracked. Branches exceedingly numerous, spreading,
with theie extremities perfectly pendulous, like the weeping
no, Leaves opposite, petioled, oval or oblong, entire,
very 4 cat and shining on both sides, without veins ; from
one to two inches long, and about one broad. Stipules none,
¥3
t
390 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Callicarpa,
Panicles terminal, and from the exterior axills, Flowers
minute, very numerous, greenish-yellow. Bractes minute,
Calyx inferior, four-toothed, permanent. Coral one-petalled,
Tube short, border four-cleft; segments oblong, revolute,
Filamenis four, inserted into the tube of the corol under its fis=
sures, and rather shorter than the border, Anthers oval. Germ
globular, style none, .Séigma scabrous. Berry very minute,
_ much smaller than a grain of black pepper, smooth, _
jniey Seed one... :
- Obs, The berries have a strong aromatic smell, ert taste
tages like garden cresses. The atk of the root is remarka-
bly acrid, bruised and applied to the skin, soon raises blis-
ters, for which purpose the natives often use it. As a stimu-
lant it promises to be a medicine esis of ny consider-
able powers, Rrthes i
2
the
“CALLICARPA. Schreb. gen. N. 175.
Calyx four-toothed. Corol one-petalled, tubular, fin
parted. Germ four-celled, cells one-seeded ; ovula attach-
ed to the middle of the axis, Berry fount etded: pers
erect, and furnished with a perisperm.
1G. elon RIE TNR al
-Arboreous. Leaves Tong. petioledy valle wiheciecivss ta-
_ pering much toward both ends, entire, hairy: ee.
eeniatis: illary, sub-globular, throughout dichot
_ A stout tall tree ; a native of Chittagong. ‘Fidwers at wari:
ous times through the year. : HHS
Trunk nearly erect, and in trees nine years old, shite
“tae in circumference four feet above the surface ofthe soil.
Branches spreading. Brachlets obtusely four-cornered, and
-mealy. Leaves opposite, long-petioled, oblong, ventricose,
_ tapering equally at each end, entire, smooth above, hairy
Callicarpa, TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA: _ 391
which may be reckoned one-fourth of the whole. Panicles
axillary, solitary, or paired, the largest on a peduncle as Tong
as the petioles, sub-rotund, from six or eight times dichoto-
mous, all the ramifications somewhat four-cornered and mea-
ly. Flowers small, very numerous, lively purple, or lilac,
small, rather offensive. Bractes minute. Calyx campanu-
late, obscurely four-toothed, mealy on the outside.” Corol
with the tube much longer than the calyx, one of the seg-
ments of its border smaller. Filaments twice the length of
the corol, Anthers brown. Germ superior, round, four-cell-
ed, with-one ovulum in each, attached to the middle of the
axis, Style as long as the stamens, and bent in an opposite
direction. Stigma headed. Berry superior, round, polished,
lively purple, succulent, size of a small grain of black pep- |
per; one-celled. Seeds four, convex on the outside, with two
flat faces on the inner, rough; interior integument hard like
the shell of a nut. Perisperm oval, soft, amygdaline. Em-.
bryo straight, erect, nearly as long as the perisperm. Coty-
tedons oblong. Radiele usin we Ate soap the cotyledons,
ni ee ee eee eee
- 2.C. lanata. Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. i. 620.
Arboreous, all the young parts mealy. Leaves opposite,
a entire, downy. Corymbs axillary, i iar
‘ Corols oblique.
teint: tomentosa. Flor. Zeyl. N. 59.
A pretty large’tree, a native of the sivas bnieree and
‘of the vallies between them.
Trunk perfectly straight, and of a considerable’ height
‘Bark smooth, ash-coloured. Branches few, and near the
top, forming but a'small head for so large'a trunk.” Young
_— epsretibasina! sea ci and covered with gray fariia,
: és y dled, ovate, tapering to a point, entire,
stibebioys “yelow'' whitish with much down; from nine to ten
inches long, and five or six broad. Petioles round, two or
three inches long, covered with down, Corymbs axillary,
. ae
392. TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Callicarpa,
erect, two-forked throughout; every part covered with gray
farma. Bractes small. Flowers very numerous, small, pur-
ple. Calyx short; border four-sulcated, permanent, Corol,
iube bent to one side, The other parts:as in the ‘genus. Style-
descending,
- Obs, The wood of this tree is white, spongy, and of course
not fit for much use. |
3. C. cana. Linn. sp. pl. ed. Wiild. i. 620.
Shrubby, downy. Leaves ovate, chindedatehessategeahiiis
downy underneath. Panicles aillarys saleeinbulat? sana
bifid. Berries purple.
Caliicarpa americana, Louriero, Cochin Ch, in Witt, hy
p. 88.
This shrub was ‘atradiaees] into ae Botanic tana from
the Moluccas in 1798, and in three years had attained to the
height of from four to eight feet high, considerably ramous,
with the young parts downy, and the ligneous ones cover-
ed with smooth, pale ash-coloured bark, They are in blos-
som in March and April chiefly, though more or less the
whole year.
Leaves opposite, short-petioled, from broad cordate to oki
long, reticulated with margins glandular-dentate-serrate ; up-
per side soft and of a deep green colour, but very downy, and.
pale underneath, Cymes axillary, dichotomous, scarcely longer
than the petioles, villous. Flowers numerous, small, pale red
colour. Bractes subulate, caducous. Calyx woolly, four-tooth-
ed. Corol campanulate ; divisions sub-cordate. Filaments
longer than the corols, and: inserted into the base of its tube,
ascending, Style declined, length of the filaments, Stigma
two-cleft. Berry smal, round, smooth, deep penne Seeds
four. a
Obs, It differs from C. americana, Willd. in sani a oe
ly, toothed calyx, two-lobed stigma and in the form of the
Calhearpa. TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 393
4, C. ineana, Ry » ubocleo tet
oe ae young ahesie hoary. © Seats io heel ieee
ly serrulate, fine and entire-pointed, hoary underneath,
» Mashandaxi, Asiat, Res, iv. 238.0 4) |
Beng. Muttura, Muttrunja.
» A stout shrub, with all the tender Sa cases under sur-
face of the leaves densely clothed with long, soft, white, stel-
late pubescence ; common in the vicinity of Calcutta, where
it is in flower and seed nearly the whole year.
. I long considered this to be Vahl’s macrophylla, but .on
rearing what I also took for the same species from Silhet and
Chittagong, in the Botanic garden, I could plainly observe
a striking difference when growing near each other, and as
the Chittagong and Silhet sort agrees much better with Vahl’s
figure and description, I must consider it to be his macrophyl-
la. In the Calcutta plant, which I now eall ineana, the leaves
ave never so broad in proportion to their length, more round
at the base; much more pointed, with the Jong taper points
entire ; all the rest of the margin, except what may be called
the base, obtusely serrulate. In macrophylla, the leaves are
crenate, more obtuse, and the margins cut to the very apex ;
the two are however very nearly allied, though I think suffi-
pci distinct to authorize their being considered as dif-
“ C. macrophylla, Vahl, Symbol, iii. 13, t. 53. fj
Shrubby, downy. Leaves opposite, ovate lanceolate, ser-
rulate, reticulate, hoary underneath. Corymbs a di-.
chotomous, rather dJonges than the packs, Berry minute,
white. eRe Hiss sed Bg een
uh: shite al, Slade Chibaesant es
_ A shrub, from four to eight feet in length,. 2 Fem, scarce-
ts ‘any, but. several, round, erect. branches, covered with
white down. Leaves opposite, petioled, lanceolate, or oblong
lanceolate, fine-pointed, finely serrate, wrinkled, above soft,
and a little downy, below covered with much whitish soft
*
394 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Callicarpa,
down, from six to nine inches long, and two or three broad.
Stipules none. Petioles about an inch long, downy, many
times shorter than the leaves, Peduneles as long as the pe-
tioles, round, downy. Bractes lanceolate, one under each di-
vision of the corymb. Flowers very numerous, small, rose-
coloured, ~_— woolly, the four divisions distinct and acute.
» 6. C, acuminata, R.
“Shrabby, tender parts hoary with a vests pinned
‘ Leaves broad-lanceolar, acuminate, remotely repand, denti-
culate. Panicles axillary, long-peduncled, —r
shorter than the leaves,
A native of Silhet, flowers in May. In this species tie pa-
nicles are elevated on longer peduncles than in the other
species, the leaves and young parts hairy, except the upper
surface of the former when fully expanded, which is then nak-
ed and reticulate ; from four to five inches a two
broad. seared
7. C. longifolia, Linn, sp. pl, ed. Willd. i. 621.
Shrubby, with erect weak branches, Leaves rather long-
petioled, broad-lanceolate, serrulate, smooth above, downy
underneath, Panicles axillary, re —_— of the
ae Berries white. -
A native of Prince of Wales’ Island, — it {blossoms i in
a = ~— ps rs ges Tia a Aba:
Ble ae % feng tL apy oss apres peitececs
Shrubby, all the tender parts, ‘ied ion miien diehice of di:
short-petioled, elliptic, dentate, cuspidate leaves woolly, Co-
rymbs axillary, their division and the calyces clothed with
minute grains under the wool,
A native of the Moluccas; the leaves are uiwafi pai
et za: end i in a ne: taper, 8 tte i
‘ugha ELH ae 4b 29005) re Sa ais
*
Bo ize —
Callicarpa, TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 395
» 9. C, lanceolaria, R. oh
Shrubby, hairy. Leaves lanbeolar; icoilietsfd ecwntinain!
Buthibien —— ——— sub-globular. Berries
white.
H. ocala
A pretty, shrubby species, with narrower: econ than any
of the other species I have yet met with in India, they taper
most toward the base, are nearly smooth on the upper surface,
but very hoary underneath ; as are all the other tender parts,
Flowers numerous, minute, purple.
A native of the forests of Silhet, where it is in flower most
_ “ the Sit eat
10. ©. pinata R. isacemiateai
dished, tender parts mealy,’ Leaves opposite, with an
lacdnchl one between, oblong, entire, cuspidate,’ Corymbs
axillary, Flowers pentandrous, Stigma from three to four-
lobed. : PMOL
A native of the Moluccas.
wor C, purpurea, Juss.
» Shrubby; branchlets and younger parts slightly scaly,
Leaves sub-sessile, lanceolate, acuminate, . serrate, with
sub-entire cuneate base, smooth above, glandular-dotted be-
low. Corymbs axillary, very small, dichotomous, Flowers
glandular.
_ Porphyra dichotoma, Lour, Cochin Ch, ed, Willd, i. 87.
A native of China. Ilitroduced in 1812, into the Botanic
garden, at Calcutta, where it thrives extremely well, has at-
tained a height of from four to six feet, and blossoms from
_ April. pests tera 48 a —— at the close of the
— season, ©
/ Shrabby,sprending, cilities ai with
sabrous gray bark. Branchlets very slender, slightly
scabrous, and beset with ferruginous stellate and somewhat
‘scaly pubescence ; new shoots almost mealy. Leaves from
,
396 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Buddleia,
lanceolate to oval, two inches long, tapering at both ends,
but more so at the base, and only there entire : the rest of the
margin serrulate ; without any hair or down, but scabrous
below, from a great number of minute brown shining glan-
dular dots which impart on being rubbed, a faintly aromatic
smell; nerves and ribs elevated and slightly scaly. Petioles
very short, Corymbs axillary or rather supra-axillary, small,
round, two or three times dichotomous, many times shorter
than the leaves; peduncles short, divaricate, beset with mealy
pubescence, with minute lanceolate scales under each sub-
division. Flowers fragrant, purple, marked with glandular
dots, Calyx turbinate with very small obtuse teeth. Corol
about three times longer than the calyx, infundibuliform ;
lacinie oval, obtuse. Filaments almost twice as long as the
corolla, purple ; anthers large, orange-coloured, covered with
many glandular dots. Stigma sub-capitate, elevated about
the anthers, Berry very small, purple, at last red, wath one
or two fertile seeds.
“BUDDLELA. Schreb. gen. N. 184.
Calyx four-cleft. Corol four-cleft. Capsule het bisul-
cate, bilocular. Reademnencenin:
1, B. Neemda, Rachel >
Arborescent. Leaves lanceolate, ale aes schasnie under-
neath, Spikes terminal, lengthening, with flowers three-fold.
_Nimda the vernacular name at Chittagong, where the plant
is indigenous, and from thence introduced into the Botanic
garden by Dr. Buchanan, where it begins to blossom about
the close of the-cold season, Seeds ripen in March and May, —
Trunk erect; branches numerous, opposite. Bark of the »
longer woolly parts ash coloured ; young shoots covered with —
bead down. sliviobtesd of the aes in two hye about fifteen”
jaar ‘from four to eight inches Jo : , thei
a ‘
Exacum. TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, ~ 397
bases joined by a connecting membrane. Spikes terminal,
generally three-fold, there being a larger, and longer in the
centre, with a smaller on each side; long, slender, hairy,
lengthening, and blossoming for three months, # lowers ge-
nerally three-fold, sub-op posite, sessile, very numerous, small,
pure white, and of a pleasant smell. Bractes lanceolate, one
under each flower. Calyzx inferior, four, rarely five-toothed,
villous. Coro! one-petalled, hypocrateriform. Tube the
length of the calyx; mouth villous, border of four, rarely
five, rounded, equal segments, Filaments short, inserted
near the base of the tube of the corol. Anthers broad, sagit-
tate, hid in the tube. Germ conical. (Style short. Stigma
large, oblong, bisulcate, even with the tops of the anthers,
Capsule ovate-oblong, two-celled, two-valved. Seeds meee
numerous, imbricated, compressed,
. Obs, The whiteness of the leaves, and pou sdoal of this
plant, independently of its numerous, beautiful, small, fra-
grant, pure white flowers, makes it highly ornamental, parti-
cularly amongst plants with darker foliage.
eylicr _ EXACUM. Schreb. gen. N. 185,
“Calyx Iba lesvod. Corol salver-shaped. Capsule supe-:
rior, two-celled, two-valved, Seeds many. |
1. E, bicolor, R.
Annual, erect, four-sided. Leaves sessile, ovate, five-nerv-
ed, Flowers axillary ; apices of the segments of the anne
blue, the rest white. Anthers erect, 4
A native of shaves: where it appeere daring the oo se f
‘son,
Root almost seisins tia aia ieawies ‘Gasided' 3 an-
gles somewhat winged, from one to two feet high, Leaves”
sub-sessile, opposite, oval, five-nerved, smooth, size very vari-
ous, Floral leaves small and narrow, Flowers pee
398 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Exacum.
litary, seein large, of’ a ben ntif ul white and blue —
—
S35: biiajioesim: R.
‘Annual, simple, erect, four-sided. Leaves sessile, lanceblate,
five-nerved. Flowers numerous, terminal. Stamens and style
declinate,
Beng. Koochiri,
A native of Bengal, where it grows among long grass ; and —
flowers during the rains, 4;
Stem erect, simple, exactly four-sided, smooth ; from two to
three or even four feet high. Leaves opposite, decussate, ses-
sile, lanceolate, five-nerved, smooth and shining, from two
to four inches long. Flowers terminal, numerous, large, of
a most beautiful blue colour, inodorous. Calyx divided near-
ly to the base into four, daggered segments, Corol, segments —
oblong, acute, spreading. Filaments on the tube of the corol, _
short. Anthers linear, bending to one side, with two pores at
the top, for the discharge of the pollen, as in Cassia. Germ)
oval. Style projecting obliquely with the stamina; stigma
enlarged, Capsule two-celled, two-valved. Seeds numerous, _
Obs. This is one of the most elegant plants I have met with,
the flowers being not only numerous, large, and beautitul,
but retaining their beauty and expansion for many days
ree is a rare circumstance in an Indian Plant. :
isaac ee Cask Libeaed oS ae
- Annual, cere aes Sapeley Db de janceo-
late, three-nerved, Flowers five-cleft, Calyx with five, ze
broad membranaceous wings with subulate points. eee
Chironia trinervia. Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. i.1065,
Lysimachia folio sinuato, acuminato trinervio, flore coeru-
leo, amplo calyce carinato, alato. Burm. neni p. 145. t. 67 ie
-~ native © of Ceylon. y : et
Exgcum. TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, — 399
sides, three-nerved, from one to three inches long. Racemes
terminal, and opposite from the exterior axills, the whole form-
ing an expanded corymbiform panicle. Peduncles and pedicels
four-sided, smooth. lowers numerous, large, of a violet co-.
Jour. Calyx five-cleft ; divisions with a broad membranace-
ous wing, on the hot. and a long subulate point. Corol ;”
tube gibbous, length of the calyx, some short filaments.
amongst the insertions of the stamina crown the mouth of the
tube. Border of five, obovate, beautiful, violet-coloured di-
visions. Filaments on the mouth of the tube, erect, Anthers
linear, with two pores at the top, and also opening onthe —
sides, Style declining, rather longer than the filaments. Stig-,
ma headed. Capsule potions. two-celled. -
Obs. The anthers remain straight, and hard, with two. ;
pores at the top, and also bursting by two longitudinal open-.
ings on the sides, I have for that reason remoyed this plant.
from the genus Chironia, the essential mark of which spree
in its ‘spiral anthers,
A Ez. ‘carinatum. R
Annual, erect. Leaves sub-sessile, lanceolate, Deeniceed -
Corols four-cleft, Calyces broad, membranaceo-carinated.
Stamens protruded. Style declined.
A native of Ceylon.
_ Root ramous, annual, Siem erect, with one or ‘two oppo-
site pairs of branches about the middle; above these dichoto-
mous, somewhat four-sided, smooth, geen six to twelve inches.
high, Leaves opposite, short-petioled, lanceolate, entire, three-
nerved. Flowers terminal, numerous, pretty large, yellow, _
collected on dichotomous corymbs, with a long peduncled :
one in each of the, divisions. Calyx four-parted, each division
a ted. by a broad. membranaceous keel on the back.
Corol /four-parted. Filaments short, inserted ona membra-
naceous rim round the inside of the inouth of the tube, 4n-
thers erect, yellow, opening on the sides, Style longer than
the ‘stamens, declined. Stigma ascending, simple,
400 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNTA, Pladera.
Ȥ, E. suleatum. Re
~ Annual, erect, ramous, sulcated on the opposite sides of f the
stem and branches. Leaves sub-sessile, lanceolate, fleshy,
three-nerved. Calyx with four ridges. Stamens erect, a
sules- globular.
A native of Bengal ; blossoms during the cool season ; the
* seeds ripen in March.
Root fibrous, anual. Stem erect, from six to twelve inches
high, smooth, suleated on opposite sides. Branches opposite,
their flower-bearing extremities two, and three times two-
cleft. Leaves opposite, sub-sessile, lanceolate, fleshy, entire,
three-nerved ; from one to two inches long. Flowers terminal,
numerous, of a bright blue colour, those in the divisions of the
_ branchlets long-peduncled. Peduneles four-sided. Bractes
ovate, recurved. Calyx deeply four-parted ; ‘divisions with
an ample keel. Filaments short, inserted in'the mouth of the
tube of the corol. Anthers ovate, oblong, touching at the
sides, apices perforated. Style longer than the stamens, de-
clined ; stigma two-lobed. Capsule globular, two-celled,
swo-val ved, Seeds numerous.
» Obs. This is a very beautiful small plant.
PLADERA. Solander’s Mss.
Calyz cylindric, four-toothed. Corol fannel-shaped, border
irregular. One of the stamina larger. Stigma two-lobed.
— san ang: one-celled, two-valved, Seeds ss Ga
ey sessilifiora. R :
- Annual, erect, four-sided ; angles winged. Leaves oppo- :
site, sessile, ovate, entire, Floveeasuibidias 3
~ Exacum heteroclitum. Linn sp, pl. ed. Willd. i. p. 639,
- Gentiana heteroclita, Mant.560. ~
Bs native of Coromandel and Sebaalaiipeaiiiin moist pat
- thre 07 i ;
Pladera, TETRANDRIA MONOGYNITA, 401
which are again once or oftener dichotomous, all are four-
sided, with a thin wing to each angle; height of the whole
plant about a span. Leaves opposite, sessile, ovate, entire,’
_ three-nerved; differing much in size, the largest rarely an inch:
long... Flowers solitary, in the divisions ot the plant, sessile,
small, pale red. Calyx sub-cylindric, four-toothed ; teeth
acute, Corol with the tube as long as the calyx. . Border
three-cleft, two of the divisions equal, oblong, and crowded.
at the apex, the third divided half way down. Filamenis
four ; three longer, and inserted in the mouth of the tube ; the
fourth just below the fissure of the bifid segments of the corol.
Anthers equal, oblong. Germ linear-oblong. Style as long as
the stamina. Stigma two-lobed ; lobes large, obovate, thin,
Capsule sub-cylindric, nearly as long as the permanent ealya, _
and hid in it, one-celled, two-valved. | Receptacles consist in —
the incurved margins of the valves, (parietal, ali — )
Seeds numerous, angular, — small,
RP. iielpendidDs ia |
Annual, erect, Sukakied, obranatien gpposite! alvciustes
Leaves sessile, lanceolar, three-nerved. Flowers terminal, sub-
panicled, — Bett
-Exacum diffusum. Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd. i. 637.
Gentiana diffusa, Vahl, Symbol. iii. 47.
- A beautiful erect, ramous annual; growing on the blinks of ;
water courses, and on low fallow lands. ort time the
wet season.
Stem about a foot, or sometimes two feet high, erect, four-
sided, ramous, smooth; inferior branches opposite, above al-
ternate, very slender anal twiggy. Leaves opposite, sessile,
the lower lanceolate, the upper broader, all are pointed, and
three-nerved, entire, smooth; size various, Flowers numerous,
terminal, peduncled, small, rose-coloured, Calyx four-tooth-
ed, pe nt. Corol funnel-shaped. Border irregular, three-
parted ; the two upper segments equal, and orbicular, the
lower one two-parted; with a deep groove ; in the groove is
VOL, I, Z
\
402 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Pladera;.
lodged the fourth or large stamen. | Filaments four, inserted
into the mouth of the tube, the lowermost longer than the.
other three, and bearing an orange-coloured, and longer an-
ther, which when shedding its pollen, is bent over the fissure
of the stigma ; anthers of the other three filaments equal, pale
" yellow. Style single, length of the short filaments. Stigma
two-cleft, segments recurved. . Capsule one-celled, many-
seeded,
3. P. decussata, R.
» Annual, erect, Sur tringeds branches cross-armed, Site ,
cou dnnenalate, three-nerved. lowers terminal, three-fold,
peduncled. |
Beng. Dunkoni. . cele
_ This species resembles P. virgata, but is a little more ro-
bust, and seldom so high. It is a native of ihe same —
Flowering time the same,: ied &
Siem about a foot high, perfectly erect, fomnbchada cuales
very sharp, or rather secnatien cent smooth, ramous,
branches always opposite, cross-armed, in other respects like
the stem, Leaves opposite, spreading, sessile, lanceolate, sharp-
pointed, entire, smooth, three-nerved, size various. Flowers
terminal, and axillary, peduncled, the terminal flowers three-
fold ; the axillary single, larger than those of the last species,
. and white. Peduneles four-sided, like the stem and branches.
= large, four-toothed, four-sided, four-winged, — Cont
stmepebtiets ee as in the last — & ee pecaapatal tas
e P. perfalate, B. ; |
Annual, erect, four-winged. Chien. leaenk lanceolate,
three-nerved’; floral leaves (or bractes) patina by ede
Canscora. Lamarck’s Encyclop. Bot. i, 601.
Cansjan-Cora. Rheed, Mal. x. p. 103. t. B2u €
» Anative of India, where it delights in a low. moist sh
Flowering time the rainy BOGROR G32 615242; » skery
_ Root: ‘Tamous, annual, * Stem ect somewb sid
~
Pladera. TETRANDRIA MONOGYNTA,: ‘403
with four broad membranaceous wings. Branches opposite,
and like the stem; all are smooth. He eight of the whole plant
about eighteen iniliie! Leaves of the stem opposite, sessile,
lanceolate, three-nerved. Floral leaves perfoliate, all smooth
and entire. lowers terminal, peduncled, numerous, pretty.
large, pale rose colour. Calyx four-toothed, striated, perma-
nent. Corol irregular, somewhat two-lipped ; the upper one
larger and deeply two-parted, the lower one consisting: also
of two lobes, but smaller. Filaments four, three of them ra+
ther shorter, and inserted on the upper side of the tube ; the
third larger, and inserted below the fissure of the lower lip,
Anthers oblong. Style as long as the stamens. Stigma two-
parted, Segmentsrecurved. Capsule oblong, one-colleays two-
valved. at
re Ps pusilla R
_ Annual, from one to two inches high. Leaves sais sbi
cordate. Flowers terminal, sessile, three-fold, monandrous.
Govet hid in the calyx. Capsule globular. .
_ Compare with Hopea dichotoma. Vahl. enumer. i. i 3;
oivsinnth Exacum sessile, Willd. i. 635.
he A beautiful minute plant, a native of Coromandel.
_ ‘Stem erect, four-sided, branchy ; from one and a half to
two inches high, Branches cross-armed. Leaves opposite,
sessile, cordate, minute, smooth. Flowers terminal, sessile,
three-fold, small, yellow. Calyx one-leaved, sub-cylindric,
as long as the corol, four-toothed, permanent, Corol one-pe-
talled. Tube a little gibbous, mouth four-toothed. Filaments
four within the tube of the corol, and inserted into. it near the
base, Anthers, three minute, and abortive; one large and
fertile. Germ globular. Style short. Stigmas two, globular.
Copexie eral covered me the payee glnptee cenaie
Lib Bas oben TE cosh Race
404 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIAS Plantage.
*
PLANTAGO. Schreb..gems D. oa
‘Gales four-cleft, Corol four-cleft, with border defmuel:
Stamina very long. Capsule superior, two-celled, cut trans-
versely.
1. P. Ispaghula, R. Fleming in Asiat. Res. xi, 174,
Annual, caulescent. Leaves linear-lanceolar, three-nerved,
slightly woolly. Peduneles axillary, naked, simple, length of
the leaves ; heads cylindric. Capsules two-celled.
-;Hepagool, the Hindee and Persian name, and that by which
itis most generally known in Bengal and on the coast of Co-
romandel,
Native place uncertain, but it is cultivated during the cho) 3
season.
Root ramous, annual. Stem, if any, very short, soon aivia:
ing into three or four ascending, round, villous branches,
which are a few inches in length, Leaves alternate, linear-lan-
ceolate, three-nerved, luxuriant in young plants remotely den-
ticulate, somewhat woolly, towards the base channelled, and
‘stem-clasping ; length from six to eight inches by a quarter
or half an inch broad. Peduncies axillary, solitary, naked,
erect, round, a little villous, the length of the leaves, «Spikes
solitary, terminal, before the flowers expand ovate, afterwards
-eylindric ; when in seed about an inch or an inch and a half
Jong.and- erect.» Flowers numerous , imbricated, sana, dail,
Jeaved, Leaflets oblong, ories a breil selalecdnorcooat
margins, Corol; tube gibbous. Segments ovate, acute. Fila-
ments oblong, two-celled, four, much larger than ‘the seg-
‘ments of the corol. Germ oblong, two-celled, with one seed
in each, attached to the middle of the partition. Style rather
_ Tonger than the corol. Stigma subulate, villous, Capsule cir-
_ cumscissa, ovate, two-celled, Seeds solitary, ovate-elliptic, con-
aa seeneneelipeianitesieesinaet: hope
Cissus. TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, A05
rather thick, smooth, tough, and brown... Perisperm conform
to the seed... Embryo sub-cylindric, erect, Cotyledon long, ©
linear, Radicle infers one-fourth the satuciad of the eae:
don,
Obs. From the ain a sonciaaaenie drink :i is ccm
' and often prescribed by our medical gentlemen in India,
where emollients are wanted, They are also used by the
native practitioners in medicine, and are to be met with for
sale in the bazars of India under the Persian name Uspagool,
CISSUS. Schreb. gen. N. 192.
Calyx four-toothed, Cvrol four-petalled. Germ two-cell-
‘ed; ovula two, erect. Berry superior, from one to four-seeded.
Embryo erect, in the base of an ample perpen
1. C. adnata. R, ‘
_ Leaves round-cordate, bristle serrate, sence Stipules
actin adnate, with gibbous centre, and scariose margins,
Coe flat, flowers drooping.
_. Anative of the country about Dacca, from a the late
: ‘Colonel Peter Murray sent it to the Botanic garden, where it
thrives well, blossoms in May and June, aud ripens its fruit
_ in September,
Siem and. large branches ligueous, climbing over pesos to
a. considerable extent, young shoots round, a little downy
and slightly furrowed, Leaves alternate, round-cordate, and
often obliquely so, acuminate, bristle-serrate, the largest some-
‘times slightly repand ; pretty smooth above, but downy un-
derneath,. particularly the veins, from two to six inches long,
one-fourth less in breadth, _ Peduncles half the length, of the
eaves, downy... Stipules nearly oval, adnate, elevated, and
of a deeper green in the middle ; margins scariose, and brown,
Tendrils opposite to the leaves where there is no ~cyme.
_ Cymes opposite to the leaves, on villous peduncles, as long
_as the petioles, very ramous, flat. Flowers numerous, Be
Z3
AC6 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Cissus.
drooping. The germ has two cells, in each of which are
two seeds attached from their lower end to the partition at
the bottom of the cell. Berry succulent, size of a pea, when
ripe black, and smooth, generally one-celled. Seed for the
most part solitary, obovate, lower end pointed. Integuments
two, exterior nuciform, and rugose ; inner a very thin, white
membrane, which adheres firmly to the perisperm. Peris-
perm conform to the seed, dull white, cartilaginous, divided
by two fissures into three, nearly equal parts. Embryo |
scarcely half the length of the perisperm. Cotyledons reni-
form. adicle oblong, inferior.
" 2. C, vitiginea, Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. i. 655.
» Leaves cordate-serrate. Cymes intr tens Berries one
or two-seeded,
Hind, and Beng, Guali-lata,
Teling. Maratta-tiga. ‘ | gh tres
This species is a native of forests, mountains; antl way sides
in uncultivated places.
Trunk woolly, branchy, climbing over trees and shrubs to —
a great extent. Tendril opposite to the leaves, two-cleft.
Leaves alternate, petioled, cordate, serrate, or dentate, pretty
smooth on both sides, from four to six inches long, and from
three to four broad. Stipules cordate, Cymes peduncled,
leaf-opposed, more than compound, Flowers small, red.
Germ superior, half immersed in the — die n nec-
tary. a black, one or ee
3. c. glauca, R. 7
Leaves cordate, Bitedte ena smooth. Stipules broad-
éulleate. Cymes decompound. Berries one-seeded.
Schunambu Valli. Rheed. Mal. vii. p. 21. t. 11. |
~ This species is still larger than the last, and a native of
the same or similar places; the shoots, the seacee, Pt 8
: Seas ome Y 5
4 te
Cissus. TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA,
whioly dove not-admie‘of ae comeing it to be ei - 7
panda, or latifolia. bait
Tendrils leaf-opposed, andividéd: Laliies 5 aia pe-
tioled, broad-cordate, more or less acuminate, sometimes when
large slightly lobed, bristle-serrate, smooth, from four to eight
inches each way. Stipules broad-fulcate, apex rounded,
caducous. Cymes with from three to five primary branches;
ultimate divisions umbelliferous, Berry nearly round, size
of a pea, smooth, succulent, purple, rarely more’ than one-
seeded, Seed obovate. Integument a double membrane,
_ with a spongy silver-coloured substance between, Perisperm
and a as in the genus.
4, C, -wolata: R. ae
Shrubby, scandent, smooth. Leaves donde, dlighiypsica
remotely bristle-serrulate. Cymes compound, ——
Meriam-Pulli. Rheed. Mal. vii. p. 91. t. 48.
Fanis crepitans major. Rumph, Amb. v. p. 446. t. 164. f. 1.
A native of Amboyna, from thence introduced into the Bo-
tanic cpr in — phate time in Bengal, the rainy
season.
Stem: aed Sulen hie fond slender, climbing over bushes to
a considerable extent, Bark smooth; on the young parts
polished and purplish. Leaves altenidntes: piste} cordate,
remotely and slightly serrulate, serratures acute, both sides
smooth, length from four to six inches, Tendrils leaf-oppos-
ed, simple, coloured, Stipules adjomed, oval, .coloured,
Cymes \eaf-opposed, first divisions trichotomous. Flowers
small, dull pa a aste of the leaves exed — —- —.
ee
5. C, caliente: Willd. spec. i, p. 657.
Peat eee: jointed, four-winged. ieee asciieis.
opens Siadens! Pt
Funis quadraigularis, Rumph Amb, vy. p. 83, t. 44. f. 2)
\
408 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, ~ Cissus,
This plant is one of the most common over every part of
bidias blossoms during the rains ; and ripens its seed in the
cool season, |
Root. fibtous.. Stem and branches perennial, scandent, and
ofteis of very great length, smooth, succulent, jointed, cons
tracted at the joints, four-winged, wings large, and sharp,
young parts succulent, tender, and very smooth. These are
very generally eaten by the natives in their curries, Leaves
alternate, one at each joint, short-petioled, reniform, cordate,
serrulate-dentate, smooth on both sides, an inch or an inch
and ahalfeach way. Stipules lunulate, entire. Tendrils so-
litary, simple, leaf-opposed. Umbels solitary, opposite to'the
leaves, occupying the place on which the tendril would other-
wise grow, compound, Umbellets generally three or four,
sub-globular. Involucre and involucels scarcely any, .Germ
ovate, immersed in the nectary, two-celled, with two ovula
in each, attached to the bottom of the: partition ; style short.
Stigma simple. Berry round, size of a small pea, smooth,
red, succulent, one-celled. Seed solitary,: obovate, covered
with a double, dark brown, spongy integument. Perisperm
conform to the seed, a double, dark-coloured fissure runs
down the middle. Embryo small, erect, lodged on one side
of the bottom of the double fissure just mentioned. Cotyle-
dons with minute points. Radiele oblong, inferior.
6. C. pentagona, R.
_| Young shoots lucid, with ive rode anges an
edeides. Leaves cordate, mets sub-lobate, —"*
minate, smooth, . i 2s”
An extensive ‘perennial ines, a native of a omanet
Mhittagong ar
oe
ete C. angustifolia. R. | , Ree
a’ » Divicous. _ Leaves termate; pets Innceoate, pa
*
Cissus, TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Ata
_ A delicate, scandent, perennial species, a native of Suma-
tra, Flowers in February ; seeds ripen in November.
Siem scandent, slender, flat like a piece of tape. Tendrils
simple. Leaves ternate. Leaflets petiolate, lanceclate, re-
motely serrate, acuminate, smooth on both sides, from three
to six inches long, and from one to one and a half broad,
Petioles shorter than the leaflets, channelled, smooth. | Sti-
pules triangularly ovate, acute, smooth, Cymes axillary, so-
litary, nearly round, small, and shorter than the petioles,
Flowers small, greenish yellow, male on one plant and female
on another.
»' Mate. Calyz, corol and stamina as in the genus. Pistil
no other than a small abortive roundish body on the content
a four-lobed gland. .
» Femave. Calyx and corol as in the male. Gevia als
two-celled, with two seeds in each, Style none. . Stigma
large, obscurely four-lobed, and somewhat lacerated, Berries
spherical, smooth, size of a pea, white, one or two-seeded,
when cut or bruised very fetid, Perisperm conform to the
seed. Embryo lodged in the lower half of the perisperm,
Seinen wien round, . Radicle enon; inferior.
elun sa .)
8. carnosa, mg sp. 7 ad. Willd. i, 658.
Stem flattened, perennial. Leaves petioled, ternate ; leaf.
leis oval, serrate. Berries four-seeded.
Tsjori-Valli, Rheed, Mal. vii. p. 17. t. 9.
-- Folium Causonis, Rumph. Amb, v. p. 450. f. t. 166, A.
-. Teling. Kanapa-tiga. ay Pi
_ Is common in beteweay and forests. wianloaiige time the rang
geason. ai
_ Stem soba at like a a piece of it cistcne taawes:
taabboes fathoms; young shoots villous, | Tendrils leaf-
opposed, from two to three-cleft, Leaves. sivas: petioled,
ternate, Leaflets oval, grossly serrate, downy, from two to
three:inches long. Petioles round, downy. Stipules oblong,
‘ : 444 , 4 ——— “i - rt
410: -TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Cissus)
caducous. Cymes as in the former species, Flowers small,
white. . Berry black, four-seeded.
- 900. setosa, R. : |
Herbaceous, scandent, bristly. Leaves sessile, ternate;
leaflets grossly bristle-serrate. Berries one-seeded,
Teling. Barubutsali.
A native of forests and hedges in the Rajamundree Circar..
Flowering time the rainy season. ' )
Root fusiform, perennial. Stems herbaceous, nanllti
round, striated, and covered with distinct, grandular, round-
headed, white bristles, as is every part of the plant, even to
the fruit, Tendrils leaf-opposed, generally two-cleft. Leaves
alternate, sessile, ternate, rarely quinate. Leaflets, lateral —
two (or four, when there are five) are sessile, the middle one
is short-petioled ; all are oval, waved, fleshy, irregularly and_
grossly bristle-serrate, both sides armed with the fore-men-
tioned bristles, size various, from one to five inches long.
Stipules cordate. Cymes as in the former species.. Petals re-
volute.
Obs, Every part of the plant is esienodicag acrid. I unfor
tunately tasted both the roots and berries.
The leaves toasted and oiled, are applied to indolent tu- _
mours to bring them to suppuration..
Bis C. feminea, R.
Leaves digitate ; leaflets piticled; icin enoetgeneil entire.
Style none. Stigma from four to five-lobed.
’ A large scandent woody species, a native of pa moun-
tains. Flowers during the wet and cold seasons. ’
- Stem woody, climbing over trees, Branches flexuose
from leaf to leaf. Tendrils simple, opposite to the leaves.
Leaves alternate, petioled, digitate. Leaflets oblong, and
Janceolar, a little crenulate, inal smooth, shining, from
four to ix inches» — sa one or sdencbaranairtoad
Cissus. TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. | ait
short-peduncled, axillary. Bractes small, falling: Flowers
small, green. Calyx small. Corol four or five-petalled, ge-
nerally four. Nectary scarcely any. Stamens none, or at
most a small seemingly sterile one. Germ superior, globose,
Style none. Stigma four, or five-lobed, ii to tlie
— in the corol, I have not seen the ripe fruit,
ae ror Eiloamd A sent
“Tender shoots tinodhlent pisliched: Leaves digitate ; ‘louie
petioiiets; oblong, acute, remotely serrate, smooth,
Beng. Dhemna, which is also the name of a long serpent. .
. Found amongst the mountains of the coast of Coromandel,
as well as.in the forests of Bengal. Flowering time the has
season, baal
Siem very long, running up and over the highést't trees, a
little compressed, and until many years old smooth, polished,
succulent, deep green, Branches few or none, until the plant
arrives at a great height, and is several years ofage. Leaves
alternate, petioled, digitate. Leaflets five, petioled, oblong, —
the lower pair obliquely so, serrate, smooth on both sides, from —
two to six inches long, and from one to three broad. Petioles
round, smooth, from four to five inches long. Petiole’s chan-
nelled, Stipule cordate, small, sub-ad joined, Tendrils leaf-
opposed, simple. Cymes trichotomous, and dichotomous; the
last divisions short, and ending in small umbellets, Bractes
cordate, permanent. Calyx four-toothed. Corol, petals four,
inserted in a belt which surrounds the body of the germ,
Nectary a four-lobed, coloured elevation between the stamina
and the insertion of the style. Filaments four, inserted oppo-
site to, and just within the petals. Anthers incumbent. Germ
om: Style ent. Stigma simple, Berry the size of a cherry,
5 turbinate, asi. oo mee,
12; C. devtedtiaa, R. , |
“Scandent, ‘perennial. Leaves quinate ; leaflets oblong, —
412 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Cissus,
acute, obtusely serrate, smooth above, villous underneath,
Stipules ear-shaped. Berries round, smooth, one-seeded,
Anative of Mysore, from thence sent to the Botanic garden
in 1802, by Mr. B. Heyne, where it flowers and ripens its wen
through the whole year. whee
Stem, in five years old plants, as thick as a man’s situa
of great length, even up to the tops of high trees. Bark
spongy, and deeply cracked ; young shoots succulent, round,
and villous. Leaves alternate, remote, long-petioled, quinate.
Leaflets petioled, oblong-obovate, or rhombic, acute, serrate,
smooth and shining above, villous underneath; the superior
from two to three inches long, two-thirds of that in breadth,
the exterior much larger. Petioles nearly as long as the
leaflets, round, and villous. Stipules ear-shaped, recurved.
Tendrils leaf-opposed, two or three-cleft. Cymes axillary, or
terminal ; dichotomous or trichotomous, these again several
times divided. Germ conical, containing four seeds im one
cell, attached to its bottom. Berry, the size, shape, and ap-
pearance of a red cherry, one-seeded, Seed obliquely obo-
vate, a little compressed, somewhat pointed at the base, and
there attached to the bottom of the cell, Integument single,
nuciform, rugose, covered with the green pulp of the berry,
which adheres to it, and may, when dry, be considered a se-
cond integument, Perisperm conform to the seed, cartila-
ginous, gray ; from the inner edge two fissures penetrate deep-
ly, and divide it nearly into three portions, Embryo erect,
white, lodged in the base of the perisperm. Cotyledons two;
pedicelled, reniform. Plumula minute, Radicle oblong, in-
ferior, a little curved, with the apex to the umbilicus,
13. C. lanceolaria. R.
- Divicous. Leaves pedate-quinate ; i caeeciegeinaie seiaale
“oonsseg serrulate. _ Stipules — temerity: sei
Cissus, _ TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 413
Bengal.’ In the Botanic garden it blossoms in: pence
March, ai
Trunk scandent, stout, Ligation, in six vous old plait! as
thiek as a man’s wrist, flattened, and grooved on the two flat
sides, Bark dark brown, rough or deeply cracked. Branches
and branchlets climbing, or pendulous when not supported;
young parts round, green and generally smooth ; extent of
the whole plant several fathoms. Tendri/s leaf-opposed, ge-
nerally undivided, Leaves alternate, petioled, pedate. Leaf-
lets generally five, lanceolar, recurvate, most remotely and
sharply serrulate, long, taper, acute-pointed, both sides po-
lished ; texture rather fleshy, length from three to six inches, —
and from one to'two broad, — Petioles and petiolets clothed
with short, reddish hairs. Stipules large, of a narrow conie
_ shape. Cymes sub-axillary, or close by the side of the base
of the petioles, shorter than the petioles, or when most luxu-
riant much shorter than the leaves, the ultimate divisions each
supporting a small globular umbellet, of small pale yellow
flowers. | Bractes round the base of the peduncles, cordate,
Mate, Calyx scarcely any. Coro] and stamina as in the
genus. Pistil none, an umbilicate, yellow, round, convex
— oe its —
uu. C. spider, Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. i. 659,
_ Perennial, scandent. Tendrils simple, or two-cleft. Lebwes
pedate ; leaflets broad-lanceolate, serrate. Berries four-seed-
ved. |
«Dalat Tjon-Vall Rheed, Mal, vii. p. 19. t. 10. :
aon se Retz, Qhei ws We 3. 2A TAF i
This j is another very extensively Heiling | species, as in-
deed they all are Ans a a tal Flower:
ing time the rainy season. -
_ Stems woody, climbing over recs; &e. young carts cover-
ed with soft down. Tendrils leaf-oppoosed, simple or two-
cleft. Leaves. alternate, petioled, pedate, Leaflets oblong,
414 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Samara,
irregularly serrate, downy, size various, the intermediate one
is from four to six inches Jong, and the lowermost of the late-
ral ones from two to three inches long, the rest between these
sizes, Petioles common, round, downy, from three to five
inches long. Stipules cordate, pointed, falling. Cymesleaf-
opposed, or axillary, Peduneles half the length of the peti--
oles, jointed, and bracted a little above the middle. Berries
whites four-lobed, depressed, four-seeded,
15. C. serrulata. R,
Perennial, scandent, smooth, Leaves website: Leaf,
lets oblong, serrate.
A native of Chg: where it blomoms.i in ave and
May. |
*
SAMARA. Schreb. gen. N. 195.
- Calyx four-parted, Corol four-petalled. Stamina iieted
opposite to the centre of the insertions of the petals. Drupe
superior, one-seeded,
os S. paniculata. R. fait
Arboreous, Leaves opposite, entire, broad- lanneodlalis Po
nicles axillary, . Stigmatwo-lobed. Nae 5 &
_ A tree, a native of the Circar mountain, «4
, Leaves opposite, petioled, broad-lanceolate, seumineil to a
“they arrow point, entire, exinoth, from three to five inches
long, and one and a half or two broad. ‘Corymbs axillary,
small, peduncled, shorter than the leaves, divided by three-
forked divisions. Drupe dry, oblong, Nut one-celled,”
“2.9, polygama, R,
Leaves opposite, short-petioled, traddenmaliens firm A
polished, Panic’ es axillary and terminal, Filaments dort,
Fagara. “TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 415.
BLACKBURNIA. Schreb. gen. N. 199. _ ee el
Calyx four-toothed. Corol four-petalled.. N. setary a 1 sta-
miniferous ring surrounding the base of the germ. Berry
superior, evasmenlaiks Seed arilled. ;
re
1. B. nitivlinka: R.
Arboreous, Leaves alternate, Inpepalaty, Tilaeate vale
at the base.
_A large erect timber tree, a native of the mountainous
parts of the Circars. Flowering time the beginning of the
hot season.
. Trunk erect. Bark thin, firm, yellowish green on the out-
side ; on the inside deep red, tinging the spittle with that co-
lour. It is a strong astringent. Branches numerous, forming
a large shady head. Leaves alternate, short-petioled, linear-
oblong, ‘smooth, below a little whitish, entire, waved, point-
ed ; five or six inches long, and one and a half or two broad,
Stipules none, Racemes axillary; small, erect, frequently.
compound, Bractes small, subulate. Flowers small, yellow.
Calyx four-toothed. Petals four, oblong, expanding, apices
revolute, Nectary, a ring surrounding the base of the germ,
staminiferous. Filaments four, shorter than the petals, hairy,
inserted into the margins of the nectary, Anthers oval. Germ
superior, globular. Style short, stigma headed, Berry verti-
cally compressed, succulent, the size of a large cherry, when
ripe it has a deep purple bloom, which makes it very invit-
ing to the eye. Seed one; arilled, seemingly pw obey of a
lively purple throughout. i
Obs, The wood of this tree is white, samepeieals -_
ayehi the natives: employ it for a alas) of LL
an " FAGARA. Schreb. pen: YN. 196. 3
_ Calys ice coed, or four-leaved. Corol four-petalled,
&
416 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.” Fagara.
Germ superior. _ Capsule superior, two-valved, one-seeded, . -
Embryo inverse, with but little perisperm. ;
“1. F. triphylla. Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. i. 666,
Leaves opposite, ternate ; leaflets oblong, entire. Punieles
axillary, brachiate. ;
Ampacus angustifolia. Rumph, Amb. ii. p. 188. 1. 62. -
Found indigenous, by Mr. W. Roxburgh, on the Island
of Pulo Pinang, and from thence sent to the Botanic garden,
where in several years it has only reached the height of four
feet, and for these last three years has blossomed beguaatly A
during-the dry season. .
Stem erect, ligneous, as thick as a walking cane, smooth,
ash-coloured. Branches opposite; the tender parts round —
and slightly villous, Leaves opposite, long-petioled, ternate.
Teaflets anceolar or oblong, entire, smooth on both sides,
length from two to ten inches, and from one to four broad. +
Panicles axillary, and in our single young individual, shorter _
than the petioles, brachiate, villous. Flowers numerous, _
minute, white, inodorous. Bractes triangular, solitary below —
id diFisions of the panicle. Calyx small, one-leaved, four-
~ Petals four, oblong, white, smooth,’ spreading, —
length of the pistil, and four times longer than the calyx. re os
laments four, length of the petals, -Anthers oblong, incum-
bent. Germ superior, roundish, woolly, four-grooved : for the
‘filaments to rest in, four-celled, with two ovula in. each ce
‘attached to the middle of the thickened axis. Styleaslong
"as the germ. Stigma large, four-lobed. Capsule from one
to four, distinct, obovate, smooth, size of a field béan, ntll se
celled, two-valved, opening along the upper and imner mar-
gin, and round the apex ; a portion on the back does not se
parate spontaneously. Seeds generally two, roundish, size of
a grain of black pepper, shining, blackish-chesnut seroma 2
in the allied foto alatum. | :
a
Fagara, TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, MZ
2. F. Budrunga, Re: ivon of} boldiscae
" Arboreous, armed with deci pedacoil aculei, Lente; ie!
nate ; leaflets five or six pair, unequally ovate, samaieeie: ene
tire, acuminate. Panicles crowded, )
. Budrung the vernacular name in Silhet, where it grows to
a large tree. Blossoms in March and April, and the-seeds
ripen in July and August; they are used nedicinally by the
“natives, being of a warm spicy nature with the fragrance of
lemon peel.
Trunk straight, while young oar tt but by age the aculei
fall off. Branches and branchlets armed with innumerable,
small, white, sharp, incurved prickles, Leaves crowded, from
six to ten inches long. Leaflets five or six pair, opposite or
nearly so, unequally ovate-lanceolate, entire, finely acuminate,
smooth, from three to four inches long, by one and @ half
broad, Panicles terminal;: much crowded, long-peduncled,
_ trichotomous, the whole forming one large, very ramous glo-
bular panicle, which is shorter than the leaves. Ca ya ie
toothed. Petals four, elliptic, spreading. Stamina ‘Your,
much longer than the petals, Germovate. Style short. .Cap-
sule the size of a pea, drupaceous, one celled, two-valved; the
_ exterior tunic is marked with cells filled with a fragrant bal-
’
sam, Seed solitary, attached to the apex of the sutureof the
valves, round, smooth, polished, shining black. Integuments
three ; the exterior one thin and brittle, between it and the se-_
cond is spread a quantity of dark orange-coloured pulpy mat-
ter, the second thick and hard, a perfect nat, and of a dull
black colour, the third or innermost membranaceous... Peris-
perm in small quantity. Embryo inverse. Coyea -
vate. “intel eet fais to sc dumbest
fe:
4 reous, aah Leaplts tick EN to sixteen | pair;
(Atte 0 smooth, entire. Panicle terminal,
_ Teiing, Rhetsa-maun,
Rhetsa means a committee, or select number of men as-
VOL. I, Aa
. 418 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Fagara,
sembled to settle disputes, &c. and maun, means 'trees of the
largest size. Under the shade of this tree the Hill people as-
semble to examine, agitate, and determine their matters of,
public concern, deliver discourses, &c.
_ It is a very large tree, a native of the mountainous parts ©
of the coast. Leaves deciduous during the cold season ; they
come out again, with the flowers about the beginning of the
hot season,
Trunk straight, Bark corky, deeply cracked, slight gray.
Branches numerous, spreading to a great extent. Prickles _
very numerous, scattered over every part of the tree, small,
very sharp, incuryed ; on the old wood they acquire a coni-
eal solid . base. comet about the extremities of the branch-
lets, abruptly pinnate, from twelve to twenty. inches long,
Leaflets opposite, from eight to'sixteen pairs, short-petioled,
oblong or lanceolate, waved, attenuated >to a narrow point,
entire, smooth, about five or six inches long, and two broad,
all nearly equal in size, with nerves which divide them un-
equally, the exterior division being: twice’as broad as the in-
terior, . Petioles round, smooth, a little channelled. Stipules:
none. Punicles terminal, and from the exterior arils, fre-
quently .cross-armed, particularly the extreme ramifications.
Peduncles .and. pedicels, smooth, sometimes compressed.
Practes minute, falling. . Flowers very minute, yellow, Ca-
lyx four-leaved. . Filaments shorter than the petals. Style
thick, length of the filaments. Stigma tapering. Capsule
round, size of a pea, aie one-celled,: egeeiedoernnne
round, glossy black. . pessee phan weeks
- Obs, The unripe apeniaoia are like opal Sitios, ies are,
coentalli aromatic, and taste like the skin of a fresh oranges
The ripe seeds taste exactly like black pepper, but weaker;
from this circumstance I conceive this may be F. Piperita,
yet I have always found the leaflets entire. The bark, I
mean the inner lamina, is also acrid, with a mixtureof
Ludwigia, TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, - 419
A, F, nitida, Roxb. | | His Sea ,
Shrubby. Branchlets, petioles and ribs armed. ides
two or three pairs, with a terminal odd one, oblong, lucid,
remotely gland-crenate, apex a long and emarginate.
Racemes*axillary.
«Tcheum-tsew of the Chinese. "
“Introduced: from Canton into the Botanic garden by Mr, 4
W. Kerr in 1812, and. in January of the follawing: year one
of the plants blossomed abundantly.
- The flowers as in the other species, but the pistillum is is
three or four-lobed, each appearing to end in a recurved
style with a two-lobed stigma, The shrub, therefore, ap-
proaches nearer than any of the preceding species to Zan-
thoxylon.
' LUDWIGIA. Schreb. gen. N. 204. hihi
Calyx four-parted, Corol four-petalled. Capeule pied:
foutaltied, formicellosy Seeds 1 numerous,
hs kL Sess R. |
Annual, branches diffuse. "Leaves alternate, lanceolate,
short-petioled, smooth, Flowers axillary, sessile. Bi stor
pepe obsoletely four-sided.
« A small, ramous plant, a native of Bengal ; flowering time
the rainy season ; seed ripe about October.
__, Root ramous, ante, Stem short, round, in young silawis
erect. Branches many, diffuse, slightly striated ; the whole
plant of a dark-ferruginous colour. Leaves alternate, short-
petioled, lanceolate, entire, smooth, length from one to three
inches, . Flowers axillary, small, sessile, The leaves about |
the ends of the branches are so small and crowded, as. to make
the extremities of the branchlets appear like leaty spikes,
Bractes, a most minute one on each side of the insertion of
each flower. Calyx, the divisions taper to most acute points,
and equal the oblong eee Capsule beneath, linear, obso-
Aaz2
. : ‘ «
420 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNTA. © Ludwigia.
letely four-sided, smooth, four-valved. Seeds coloured, nu-
merous, very small,
2. L. prostrata, R. icf
Lower branches creeping, Leaves alternate, petioled, lan-
ceolar. Flowers axillary, sessile. Capsule filiform, with one
row of seeds in each cell, attached immediately to the axis,
A native of Pegu, from thence introduced into this gar-
den, where it blossoms and ripens its seed during the rainy:
season, - iB}
Root annual, Stem leaning much to one side, from one to’
two feet long. Branches numerous, the lower ones longer
than the stem, spreading flat on the ground and striking
root, smooth, striated, generally coloured with red. | Leaves’
alternate, short-petioled, lanceolar, entire, smooth, size vari-
ous, the largest from three to five inches long. Flowers axil-
lary, sessile, fed one to several on the same axill, very small,
much elevated on the four-sided peduncle-like g germ. Petals
Janceolar, longer than the calyx, yellow. Filaments tour,
length of the style. Anthers roundish, two-lobed, always after
expansion found adhering to the large clammy stigma, Cap-—
sules slender, sub-filiform, more or less curved, smooth, four-
cornered ; angles rounded, sides grooved ; four-celled. Seeds
oval, minute, pink-coloured, disposed in one vertical row and
attached immediately to the axis, without the intervention wt
any: thing. like a receptacle. = a fa
. This species is so much like my LES pitt ape as not
Ste didi pueey except by attending to the germ, or cap-
sule, ‘In that plant it is shorter, thicker, always straight, and
with numerous crowded seeds in each cell, attached to a
projecting receptacle, as in L. alternifolia, Gert. Carp. i.
158. ¢. 31. In this there is only one’ vertical row in ws cell
oe site
Oldenlandia, TETRANDRIA MONOGYNTAL a
OLDENLANDIA. Schreb. gen. N. 205. sae
Calyx four-parted, permanent. Corol one-petalled, fond
parted. Capsule inferior, two-celled, many-seeded. Recepta-
cle free, fastened to the partition by the base only.
‘Obs.. Would it not be better to omit this Geertnerian part
of the generic character, and unite our Indian species of —
Hedyotis to Oldenlandia? For except the attachment of their
respective receptacles I-can find no other mark by which
the two genera are to be distinguished, and surely this is too
minute and inconspicuous for the travelling Botanist to be
able at all times to discover.
oli 0. noth deta: Lim, sp, pi. ed. Willd. i. 676. Roxb, Co-
Rig POL
rom, pl. i. N. 3.
Erect. Leaves opposed, tern, and quatern, linear, cab
rous. Umbels terminal. Inside of the corol ower i
Teling. Cheri-Velloo, pial
‘Tam. Saya-wer, or Imburel. |
‘Much cultivated on the light sandy ditile near the sivas
of Coromandel ; where the root is employed to dye the best,
and | most — red on cotton cloth,
sh Het yi Sie
£8; 0.0 afta’ Kinig s Mss. wt d
_ Erect, four-sided. Leaves opposite, sub. sani dliptic;
smooth. Panicles terminal. Corol campanulate ; mouth _—
with hairs. Capsules turbinate,
» Beng. Gundha-baduli, Ai ei
_ Hedyotis racemosa. Linn, sp. pl. ed. Wiilds i. 565. Aao:
_ Annual, a native of the borders of vice lands and moist
places ; appears and flowers during the rainy season.
Stem several, erect, with few branches, four sided, atid
about a foot or eighteen inches high, Leaves opposite, sub-
sessile, oblong, smooth, entire, succulent, about two inches
long. Stipules, connecting membrane broad, toothed. Um-
els terminal, few-flowered. lowers white, small, Pedé«
Aas
422 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA; Oldenlandia.
eels four-sided, Capsules turbinate, smooth ; receptacle club-
bed, free, affixed by the small end into the partition near its
8.0. paniculata. Burm. Fl. Ind. 38. t. 15. f. Ve oo
~ Biennial, creeping. _ Leaves ovate-lanceolate,. \Peduncles
three-flowered, or three times that number, . riodsuhd
_ Introduced into the Botanic garden from the Moluceas, in
1798, where it blossoms the greatest part of the year. )-..o7
Stems none; but numerous, diffuse, four-sided, smooth, ra-
mous branches, spread close on the ground in every direction,
and strike root from their joints, their general length about
twelve inches. Leaves opposite, sessile, ovate-lanceolate,
smooth, and of a firm thick texture, the largest about aninch
long. Connecting membrane with subulate divisions. .Pedun-
eles axillary, and terminal, longer than the leaves, smooth,
four-sided, with generall y hired small, white flowers, on pe-
dicels of unequal length. Corol ; tube gibbous, mouth shut
with fine white hairs. Stamens, in the belly ofthe tube below
the cnn which shut its mouth, . Stamina entire. voc
e 4.0. sdaapiaitti R.. salt
_ Annual, very ramous, Pedicels solitary, shorter ‘thie the
leaves, generally two-fluwered. Leaves sessile, —— ;
long, underneath marked with —* meres i
pe Beng: Punki. > sheets tare -ed>
a Lian, yesh Willd. 566, enters
- Asmall, very ramous, diffuse, annual — ed
Basel ; appearing in.the rainy. season.
Stem: none. Branches numerous, diffuse, about six indies
ie, somewhat four-sided. | Leaves opposite, approximate,
‘sessile, oblong, and lanceolate-oblong, smooth and:marked
with beautiful crystalline specks underneath, length about
a See three quarters of an inch, Peduneles; from within. the: |
prego ee about half coi PN SB ener-—
Oldentandia. ‘TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 423
cels, Corol, mouth of the tube wma dps much com:
pressed laterally.
Obs. It is readily dintigraiatil ae 0. biflora a ede
neral habit of the plant, this being short, diffuse, very ra-
mous, with obléng or lanceolate-oblong leaves, while ‘the
other is slender with long straggling branches, and. linear-
lanceolate leaves, I place less confidence in the crystalline
appearance of the underside of the leaves, as soil, &c, —
remove it,
. By diffusa, Re
- Annual, round, flaccid. Leaves sessile, linoes: Jencaphabls
acute, Peduncles axillary, solitary, one-flowered; capsules
sub-globular, smooth. riches site
» Hed yotis diffusa, Linn, sp. pl. ed, Wilid,i. 566...
Found, growing in boxes, which were sent, vith Nat
sins to the Botanic garden at: Calcutta from Banda. -
Root ramous, annual, Stems short, flaccid, seaceliie,
round, most slightly scabrous, from six to twelve inches long.
Leaves opposite, sessile, linear-lanceolate, acute, smooth on
both sides, Connecting meuibrane, from entire to many-cleft,
Peduncles axillary, solitary, four times shorter than the leaves,
one-flowered. Flowers pretty large, pure white, smooth,
Stigma deeply two-cleft., Capsule roundish, smooth... |.
_ Obs, The Linnzean definition of O, capensis would lead one
to imagiue this to be that plant; but the observation simillima
O. repenti, at capsula glabra, in the Plant. p..127, convinces
me it camnot be so; as this plant has not.the-smallest reser
aeyee to Oldenlendia popes now Delica radars
ee 0. ideas pice al eds ‘Willd. i676. Piucd ge
Peduncles solitary, two-flowered, short than the narrow
— leaves,
Sans. ered
© Beng. Khet-papura, ~_
.Antirrhinum htmile, &c. ile Zeyl. 92, t. u. good. _
Aad
424 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNITA, Oldentandia.
» Annual ; native of most parts of India. A small weak —_
eng delicate —— appearing in the ey season,
ato) hevtiiin, R og
©! Erect, four-sided, dichotomous. Leaves linear-lanceolate,
Peduneles in pairs from alternate axills, one-ilowered, «©
Hedyotis herbacea, Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd. i. 566.
. Teling. Veri nella-vemoo, |
A native of road sides under thin ‘inka ke. Flowering
time the rainy season. :
Stem erect, four-sided, smooth, short, ramous. willie
always two-cleft; from six to twenty-four inches high, Leaves
opposite, sessile, linear-lanceolate, spreading, smooth, Stipu-
les, connecting membrane finely-toothed, Pedanbies axilla-
ry, always two from the small axills, with a branchlet, or the
rudiments of one between them, round, nearly as’ me as’ ane
= one-flowered. Capsule meeand orto orbbam wtuster
a & 0: ramosa, R.> ‘ hue
» Diffuse; ramous. Leaves narrow- lanceolate. Peduncles _
axillary, with from one to several flowers. Jp bier)
A native of Pegu, from thence introduced into this garden.
by Mr. F. Carey, where it blossoms and ripens tsseed diving
the rains, and the early part of the cool season. 8
Root annual, The stems and numerous branches diffuse,
somewhat four-sided, pretty smooth, spreading to the extent
of one or two feet, Leaves opposite, narrow-la :
entire; whiter underneath; length about an inch, - Connecting
membrane many-toothed, \ Peduncles axillary, from one to
many-flowered, Flowers small, white. Calyz, the divisions:
conical. Corol with gibbous tube, mouth bearded, © Fila-
ments short. Anthers within the tube, blue. — &e. as
phe 3k oak
Ammannia. ‘TETRANDRIA MONOGYNTA, 425,
ome <Sitoni 7 nave da yebodai rs
AMMANNIA. Sole. . gen. N, 208. 5 sid ated
Corol four-petalled, or none ; when. present inserted. in the
plaited mouth of the calyx ahidhd is from four to eight-tooth-
ed. Capsule superior, from one to four-celled, Seeds numer-
ous. he a 6 é pred anghd
a: A. robin ifolia. Buch, Ae
~ Diffuse. Leaves opposite, round, welds hs Flowers eniaed,
petals oval, Capsule four-lobed.
Plants sent from Lukshmee-poora and Malda, where they
are indigenous, flowered in the Botanic garden during g the
cold season of 1797. ‘i
Stems several, creeping, with ascending apices, an
smooth, and succulent; whole plant spreading from six to
eight inches. Leaves opposite, sub-sessile, orbicular, en-
tire, smooth, and succulent. Spikes terminal and axillary,
the terminal often compound, Bractes opposite; exterior
cordate; interior lanceolate, and often very small, one-flow-
ered, Flowers numerous, small, pink-coloured. Calya four-
parted, divisions obtuse, — Corol of four, large, oval, sessile,
pink-coloured withering petals. Capsule hid in the bottom
of the remaining calyx, and corol, four-lobed. Seeds numer-
ouk * ’ ‘a Dite
» 2. A, octandra, Linn, wis plied. Willd. 679. Roxb. Cotton,
ple 2. N.183, y ia
ancl erect, bearhiate, four-sided. Se ae sessile, nar=
Beene peduncles from two to three flowered ; some
pa Y Bie Sp AERP pe 1%, chou ahs
_ Annual, a native: of moist pinnet ising in the ring
ond cold seasons.
_ Root fibrous. ean cigar Scunaddeds aa ian. one
to three feet high. Branches numerous, canesiatyied, and,
like the stem. ‘Leaves opposite, sessile, linearly-sagittatey
s
426 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Ammannia,
smooth, marginsa little revolute, from one to two inches long,
and about a quarter of an inch broad. — Peduncies axillary,
very short, from two to three-flowered. Flowers small,
colour a beautiful bright red. Bractes minute. Calyx and
corol as in the genus, Filaments as long as the corol. ene
thers incumbent. .
3. A. multiflora, A
Erect, four-sided, ramous branches simple, Leaves sub-.
sagittate, stem-clasping. Peduncles from three to seven-
flowered. Petals large. Capsule one-celled. aaa
A native ‘of open lands about: Calcutta, annual, from six
to twelve inches in height, appearing in the wet and cold
seasons,
© Stem straight, four-sided ; Satine ; sides convex.
Branches cross-armed, Leaves opposite, decussate, horizontal,
sessile, linear with enlarged cordate, stem-clasping base, size
very various, Peduneles axillary, almost always solitary,
about as long as the sinaller leaves, generally three-flowered,
though in the luxuriant plants there are often two or three;
with one between, the lateral flowers have pretty large long’ pe-
dicels, Calyx as in the family..Petals large,roundish, red, Cap-
oe a globular, aflixed at the ——
so A werclontevia. R.
sil, lnceolr "Flower ly. Corol nove. na cena a
celled.
Beng: Bundalhissel
Teiing. Aghundra-pakoo. a
- An annual species ; found in wet eiltivuedl gril dung
the riny and cold seasons.
_. Stem erect, from six:to thirty-six inches high, abaetely
on: sery: arash ; ivenchee; below ee
Ammannia, “TETRANDRIA;MONOGYNIA, => Aer
those below. Corol one. Pericarp one-celed, maesolee,
half covered with the calyx. *
Obs. It differs from A. baccifera in ee a. copeulliol
one cell, in being evalyular, and in the leaves being lanced,
in, that species they are linear-cordate at the base, and em-
brace the stalk.
This. plant has a strong muriatic, but: not diengilts
smell. Its leaves are exceedingly acrid; they are used uni-
_versally by the natives to raise blisters in rheumatic pains,
fevers, &c. The fresh leaves bruised and. applied to the part
intended to be blistered perform their office in the course of
dealfioy ‘an hour or a little more, and most effectually.
6. A. i jontandva. R.
In the lower part of the plant creeping and: seialat erect
portion ramous ; four-sided, Branches simple. Leaves sessile,
lanceolate. Sinaia se sleay sessile, en
Capsule one-celled, ‘ail
A native of moist places; Bowerng in. the ny and cold
seasons.
‘Seen vaste near thie beet paleo erect ; the erect stipiart
hidanihclere: four-sided, smooth, and coloured ; from six toeight
inches high. , Leaves opposite, sessile, Salita smooth, en-
tire. Flowers axillary, solitary, sessile. | Bractes two, lan-
ceolate, pressing the calyx laterally... Calya ten-toothed, al-
ternately smaller and inflected, Corol, petals five, very mi-
nute, . Stamens five.
smaller. A A slime braneby. it
‘iStencion’ in A, pentandra, Leaves opposite, sessile, alah :
formed; smooth, entire. Flowers axillary, solitary, sessile.
A28 -TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Trapa,
T RAPA. Rater. ete N. 208.
. Calyx four-parted, or four-leaved. Corol fort petalled.”
Germ inferior, two-celled ; cells from one to two-seeded ; at-
tachment of the ovulum emeitil Nut turbinate, armed with
two or four horns, (which were the leaflets of the calyx.)
Embryo simple, lodged in the apex of the ample perisperm.
1. T. bicornis,
Nuts with two, opposite, recurved, — obitiice homs.
2 Chins Lin ko,
A native of China, where it is carefully | jultinntedi in agua
ponds and other receptacles of water. |
2. T. bispinosa, R. a ,
Nut with two opposite, araight) nati, spinous Jeni
Neciary cup-shaped, curled. | sy es satel
Shringaia, Asiat. Res, vol. iii, p. 253,
Sans. Sringata, Julukuntuka,
Beng. Panee-phul. Singhara. et
» Panover-tsjerana, Rheed. Hort. Mal. vol. xi. p. 64. t. 33.
(evidently intended for this plant, and not T. natans.) Found
floating on sweet, standing water in Bengal and many sthat |
_— of India. Flowering time the rainy season, |
. Root consisting of numerous, simple, capillary Gbnes: which :
eteciienabed under margins of the bipnaeiciensal sfenstedlic
en leaves, Stems stoloniferous, often several feet long, float- _
ing. Leaves petioled, alternate, approximate round thas;
apex of the shoots, of a rhomboidal-reniform shape ; with the
posterior margins entire, and. the anterior ones serrate den-_
tate, smooth above, of a deep green, villous and purple un-_
derneath ; from three to four inches broad, and nearly as longs —
Petioles, villous, lengthenidg with the age of the leaves, to-
wards the apex: much smaller; this part contains many inflat=
. ed ve scicles, sage Sites iin vines ‘buoyant, ae
Trapa, TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 429
and caducous, the inferior pair at first simple and. filiform; ;
,but becoming ramous by age, permanent, . r
Peduncles axillary, solitary, shorter than the petioles, o one-
flowered, incurved until the blossoms begin to decay, after
which they bend down under the surface of the water, where.
the fruit grows, and comes to maturity. Flowers pure white,
expanding above the surface of the water late in the afternoon, |
Calyx four-leaved, in opposite pairs, leaflets lanceolate, villous,
one of the pairs permanent.’ Coro/ contracted. | Petals four,
contracted into a tube at the base by the firmness of the calyx,
above much broader, and expanding ; margins much curl-
ed. Neetary cup-shaped, on the top of the germ, round the
swelled base of the style, eight-grooved, with the margins!
minutely lacerate, and curled. Filaments four, incurved.
_Anihers oval, incumbent. Germ inferior, obconical, two-
celled, with one ovulum in each attached’ tothe top of the
partition. Mut inferior, of a turbinate triangular shape, a
hard ligneous texture, and a blackish brown colour, armed
with two, strong, straight, conic, barbed spines, from the up-
per angles ; elegantly embossed, one-celled, not opening, but
having a perforation in the top for the embryo to pass, which
is guarded with a circle of stiff converging bristles from its
margin, forming’ a conical roof over the aperture. Seed single,
conform to the nut, Jntegument single, of a slightly brown
colour, thin, but rather tough, and adhering’ firmly to the
perisperm. Perisperm conform to the seed, white and of #
firm cartilaginous texture. Embryo in the apex of the ee
risperm.
Obs, This is evidently a species perfectly distinet from nae
tans, and bicornis, From the former it differs in having only”
two horns, and from eit Tatter'i in noes Dae aight, ve~
ry sharp, and barbed. byes eae 2 i ae coniage
The nuts are sold in sais tininiiakcietlee in season, thet ker
rete i= psteeme ade tanaragl es
2 eae Pee Fi - 4 7 ; ne
Ss EE ies 2 : ae s¥Gah ‘ ' : ae Ret Be
430 ‘TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Pothos,
“3. T. quadrispinosa, R.
Nut — two ppostte — of straight, acute, aan,
horns, © Fe
“A native of Silhet, where it is found floating on lakes, and”
pools of fresh water ; its kernels are also esculent.
POTHOS. Schreb. gen. N. 210.
- Spathe sub-cylindric, Spadix covered with florets, Calyx
none, or four-petalled. Coro/ none. Stamina indefinite. Germ
one-celled, from one to three-seeded ; attachment of the ovula
inferior (in heterophylla superior.) Berry one-celled, rarely
‘many-seeded.. Embryo uncinate, without perisperm. —
1, P. scandens, Linn, sp, pl. ed. Witla. i 1,.684,
~: Parasitic, rooting. Petioles as broad as the lanceolar leaves.
Flowers axillary. Spadix gobular, reflex.
_ Ana-Parua. Rieed. Hort. Mal. vii. p. 75. t. 40. ?
_ Adpendix duplo folio, Rumph. Amb, v. 490. t.. 184. f. 2. j
_A native of Chittagong, Malabar, and of Amboyna, and.
other eastern. Islands. .Flowering time in the former cognii
the month of April. pea
- Stems.as thick as.a slender ratan, often ramous, saotingiancll
trees in the most. shady forests, round, smooth, and less suc- _
culent than any other species which I have yet met with, ex-
cept P. gracilis, Leaves alternate, petioled, lanceolate, entire,
smooth ; length from two. to. four inches, breadth: about .an,
inch. Petioles most amply winged, so as to be nearly as broad.
as the leaves themselves, almost as long,equally entire,smooth,
and marked: with similar veins, Peduncles axillary, solitary,
clothed with many small, ovate, bractiform scales up tothe —
spathe, where they are completely recurved. Spathe boat-
_ shaped, erect. Spadizx globular, -reflex.: Calyx, or corol,
‘some roundish scales. mixed amongst. the germs, and of near-— ee
3 enon — the exactriumber voce not escer a
Pothos.. TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 431,
with two polleniferous pits on the inside esd the retuse apex.
_ Germs many, oblong, one-celled, with one, two, or three ovula
“attached to the bottom of the cell, and immersed. in a clear.
gelatinous liquid, Style none. Stigma, an umblicated ele-
- vation on the apex of each germ... Berries oblong, size of a
French bean, red, pulpy, one-seeded. . Seed solitary, or two,
—- to the berry. |
Qs P, ‘Sicinalias R,
»Perennial; parasitic. Stems rooting. Leaves et Rhee cor-
date, entire. Flowers terminal ; florets naked, octandrous,
Berries one-seeded,
Sans, Guja-pippulee, Kuri- pippeles; Kupi-vullee, Kalin
vullee, Shreyusee, Vushira,
Beng. Guj-pippul.
A native of Bengal, and common in some’parts of the Mid.
napore district, where it is cultivated for its fruit, which, cut.
into transverse pieces and dried, is an article of some impor-
tance in the Hindoo materia medica, called Guj-pippul, and
sold by the druggists under that name. . Flowering time the.
a season ; seed ripe in January.
Siem perennial, creeping up to the top of large trees, sh
‘ig the: Ivy, taking firm hold with. its inmsshietalolas roots ;
about as thick as the little finger, smooth, except the cica=
trices-of the fallen leaves, and the roots from the side next:
the tree which supports it. Leaves alternate, sub-bifarious,
petioled, oblong-cordate, entire, filiform, pointed, smooth on:
both sides; from six to ten inches lorig, and from three to six.
broad. -Petioles sheathing, eemate’ sinooth, shorter, than
the leaves. ..Peduncles. terminal, solitary, round, ‘smooth,
scarcely half the length of the petioles; when in flower erect,
but often drooping, from the increasing weight of the fruit.
Spathe sub-cylindric, opening a little on one side; when in
flower, smooth on. both sides; greenish without, and ofa pale
yellow colour within, apex filiform, and a little twisted ;
- length about six inches. Spadix sub-cylindric, obtuse, equals —_
eee
ty
ae lt TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Pothos.
ing the spathe; colour a pale greenish yellow, dotted with
the dark-coloured stigmas of the numerous fructification
which ‘every where covered it. Perianth none. | Coro none.
Filaments ; 1 conclude there are about eight to each germs
two on each face; but the want of both perianth and corol,
renders it difficult to assion the exact number of stamens to
each floret, they are very short, and seem inserted on the base
of the germ. Avnihers sub-sagjttate, four-lobed. Germ ‘nu-
merous, parallelopiped, truncate, vertically attached to, and
— completely covering every part of the common cylindric ‘re-
ceptacle, one-celled, with one seed attached in .an oblique
manner to the bottom of the cell. The substance of the germ
is replete with rigid, sharp; vertical bristles, which are readi-
ly detached, and stick in the skin, causing pain and itching.
The virtue of the drug may reside in these, as it does in the
short stiff hairs of the legumes of Carpopogon pruriens.. Style
none, Stigma, a channel filled with gelatinous matter;:run+
ning from the cell of the germ to the centre of the trunicate
apex, Where it ends ina snail slit, embraced by two darker-
coloured, somewhat callous lips, Pericarps (capsule circum=
scisse@ ), as numerous as the germs, and of the same*form,
only larger; ‘a few only are fertile, of a soft fleshy texture,
one-celled, oneévalved ; when the fruit is ripe they detach
themselves from the receptacle, and drop off, leaving the sealt
behind still attached to it, Seed single, ovate-cordate,some-
what two lobed, covered at the base with a thin, red, succu-
lent aril. Intequments two, exclusive of mene aeetiaigett
yellow, polished, thin, hard, and elastic; inner’
ous. Perisperm none. Embryo uncinate, white, very suceu-
lent. Radicle inferior, thickened, and in other respects ex-
actly as in Geertner’s figures of a ss ited il,
P- 23. t, 84." , bie ats ae
Obs. The plant desetibed by Sir William Jones pn
nam “oti and (See Asiatic Researches, volt iv: sec gars |
Pothos. - TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. A433
plant, but as he mentions that Valli means a creeper, hae:
pects in some degree, the accuracy of his information, _
Chavica, or Chavya mentioned under. the same head i is
a new ngriee of Rips
3 P; Po R. .
- Perennial, aii rooting on nag Leaves long-pe-
tioled, oblong, acuminate, Flowers sub-terminal ; florets ape-
talous, tetrandrous, .
Peeplee of the Hindoos of the Silhet district, where the
plant grows. Flowering time, April and May.
Stem rooting on trees, like the common Ivy of Europe,
scarcely so thick as the little finger, round and smooth, some-
what contracted between the leaves, Leaves petioled, alter-
nate, oblong, entire, smooth on both sides, dagger-pointed ;
length from four to twelve inches, Petioles as long as the
leaves, channelled, smooth. Peduncles sub-terminal, round,
smooth, the base inserted in sheaths from three to four inches
long. | Spathe sub-cylindric, opening on one side, smooth,
acute; length of the spadix. Spadizx cylindric, obtuse, length
of the. inside of the spathe ; colour pale yellow, every part
completely covered with the fructification, without any pro-
per perianth, or corolla, Filaments about four to each germ,
and about half its length. Anthers linear. Germs numerous,
of a square, wedge shape, truncate, the whole of their sub-
stance replete with small pellucid, sharp bristles, which readi-
ly enter the skin, and produce pain and itching. Style none.
atom sub-rotund,
cae P. cane R. bias =
_ Scandent,, Leaves inal Soetiape short, ates pot ad
ei their sheaths, Spadix Renee cy lindre, poanvely
equalling its linguiform spathe,
A native of Amboyna; it pate a eee mieitlance to
ER Adpendix atone Hort, Amb. vol, y, t, 181.
ty I, Bb
ASA “‘TETRANDRIA MONOGYNTA. *Pothos.
Peretifiat Stenis rooting. | Leaves’ oblong, entire.” ee
ers axillary ; florets naked, heptandrous,
This is the stoutest of these parasitic Jroidee that I have
met with. It is a native of Prince of Wales’ Island ; from
thence introduced into the Botanic garden by Mr. W, Rox-
burgh. Flowering time in Bengal the close of the rains in
October. It has not yet prod wool ripe seed there, | |
Stems perennial, creeping on the ground, or upon trees
and plants; ina very thriving state, of six years’ growth, not
more than three and four feet long, and about four iches in
circumference, round, and strongly marked with the circular
sears of the fallen leaves. Leaves alternate; sub-bifarious,
petioled, approximate, oblong, cordate, entire, smooth; length
from one to two feet high, and about two-thirds thereof in
breadth. Petioles as long as the leaves, channelled, smooth,
much eularged at the base, and stem- clasping.’ “ Peduncles
axillary, solitary, very short. ‘Style sub-cylindric, short-
pointed, opening a little on one side about the time that the
_ anthers discharge their pollen, smooth on both sides, of a dir-
ty dull purple colour, length about six inches. Spadix cy-
lindric, length of the spathes obtuse, every part most closely
covered with the sessile fructitications ; colour a pale lively
yellow, beautifully dotted with the dark linear stigmas. Fi-
laments about seven to each germ, short, broad, and ‘thin.
Anthers two-lobed. Germs very numerous, er,
, much flattened, vértically one-celled, with ge
ly two Weiilas obliquely attached to the-bottoin of thé cell.
Style none. Stigma a vertical, linear, grooved, dark- colour-
ed projection on the middle of the truncate germ, as in the last
Species ; the substance of the germ and apathe also abound in
short stiff bristles, which Hensal enter the ie causing pain
eine a = and coral te sili
eae 1B aw ie bet 3
Pothos. TETRANDRIA MONOGYNITA, "ABS
~ perforated on one side, and pinnatifid on the other... Corodlets
apetalous, tetrandrous, _ Anthers two-lobeds) | 65) 7
Elettadi-Maravara. | Rheed. dort: Mel. xii. ips Al. 20
and 21. gD
JA very large ‘saciid ah iparebitieal conten so walbiok
like Dracontium pertusum, that they may be readily taken
for the same plant., It is a native of the mountainous parts of
the coast of Coromandel; running up, and over the highest -
trees, to which it adheres like vy by roots issuing from the
joints.
Leaves sdineisins petiole, cordate, smooth, atiteblyip per-
forated with linear oblong holes on one side, and on the other
passing through the margins as in the pinnatifid leaves; their
Jength from twelve to eighteen inches long. Petioles nearly _
as long as the leayes, deeply channelled, wanting the stipule-
like processes at the apex, which Miller’s figure represents,
in which particular this plant differs from that iin the first in-
stance. Scape short. Spathe gibbous, pointed, little longer
than the spadix, cylindric, obtuse, every where covered with
the fructifications. Corol none. Filaments intermixed amongst
the.germs, (the number to each germ cannot be’ determined,
but..1 think about four,) compressed ; apex bifid. | Anthers
oval, two to each filament. Pisti/s mixed with the membra-
naceous filaments, foar-sided, lobed; Style none, Stigma, a
gage abn io oiecli-essal t5l
: 3 ayyt
Ms P, pinnata, Sinn: sp. ph od Willd. i. 636, aaotititia
ala aceniaies rovting on trees, the apices of, the shoot
steed with fibres. Leaves pinnatifid, Flowers terminal.
| Adpendix estonia teens baitens Amb., We: M8916. 180,
wi fi2. 46 C2 DH Ore 1s eis PEA SF > bet: els Be! 0 PETE
© Found i ‘in forests in. the. ort a
tumning over treas'of great size,’ It is readily distinguished
from my decursiva, by the abundance of brown fibres which
are found on the young: or and the: lomreipestintobe
petioles. . 1 PES GRIF BT OF Heo Ty cole
Bb2
436 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNTA, Pothos,
8. P. caudata. R. paths; name
* Sonuedadh rooting. | rae Rea sitet eenitionis
and pendulous, Leaves ovate-cordate, from entire to’ —
tifid ; segments sub-ensiform, one-nerved, SEs hi
Bieont Prince of Wales’ Island slips were brought to the —
Botanic garden at Calcutta, in 1797; and now, 1812, it is
one of the most common and most extensive climbers; but
~ has not as yet blossomed in the garden, The long flagelliform
‘pendulous extremities of its shoots readily distinguish it.from
every other species I have seen; the leaves also are oftener
ae mantienrinieh bios bslotiog otainotic cages. |
"aie + (iG ; / naenirytchcs 2 beri dyad
9. Ps clanbdedioonsh Re» peuHy ;
Perennial; rooting on trees, wisi ‘enna teh
aileky pinnate; segments mone; rts eis Flowers daveral,
or axillary, loug-peduncled. © ys oil de eseasac tg. iaulil
« Gaj-pippul is the vehiidilend ‘name of shiacneshsidanys,
powerful species, in the Silhet district, NNER nase geo
and blossoms during the hot season, - 5
Stems as thick as a stout cane, rooting .on, ae ameiiiae
trees like the common /vy; round, snioouls and rather: con-
tracted. between the leaves, | Leaves approximate, :alteruate,
petioled, pimnatifid, or completely pinnate ; from two to'six,
or seven feet long, including the petioles ; segments, or leat-
lets, linear-falcate, cuspidate, entire, smooth,'sometimes from
three to four-nerved or triple-nerved; length from six. to
eighteen inches, and two broad, . Petioles from-six inches,
‘to tliree feet long; round, smooth, stem-clasping, and the low-
er portion more deeply channelled, Peduncles solitary, axil- _
lary or lateral, about six inches long, substantially thick,
round, smooth, and replete with the same white bristly spi-
cula that are found iu the germ and seed vessels... Spathe sub-
cylindric, length of the peduncle. Spadix cylindric, length
‘of ‘the: uapete; ‘completely covered with: the imumerable
“fructifications, eae mee ee
: eae
Pothos, | ETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 437
length. | Anthers cordate, appearing beyond the germ,.
Germs numerous, the most general form a four-sided wedge,
apex truncate. Style, scarcely any. . Stigma, an elevated.
SR oblong ee ere tere 90 LAN
“10: P. pinnatifida, Re |
_ Perennial, rooting on trees. dan pinnatifid 5 oaaaie :
elie, one-nerved,
_ Anative of-Sumatra; from thence brought into the Bo-
tanic garden at Calcutta, where it grows freely on the trunks
_of trees, to which its lateral roots adhere most firmly, the ori-
- ginal one being still in the ground, where first planted, _Al-
though some of the plants are six or seven years old ‘-—
about. ee feet high, they have not bes blossomed, .
Sa | sae Bike
H. P. aie ophylla, R, :
»Caulescent, creeping, armed, Leaves from eS aa
tate.to pinnatifid. | Spathe erect, spiral, many times longer.
than the short. ideas tg _— _Florets ses sae te-
trandrousiiys 20! $55) 150 Aled
Can inde Dracontiian’ pinata; wan Zeyl 9289 py
_»A’nativeof Bengal, delighting in a rich, moist soil; it
flowers, though rarely, during the cool season... 5.
Root fibrous. Stems and branches creeping, armed. ith,
short, sharp prickles, Leaves until the plantsiare old, and
begin to flower, simple-sagitiate, and cordate-sagittate, after-
wards pinnatifid, with long lanceolar, acuminate segments,
smooth above, nerve and larger veins armed on the under
side; from six to fourteen or sixteen inches long. Petioles
coanipletely- armed ; base sheathing ;_ above round, generally
shorter than the leaves. Scapes axillary, solitary, one-flower-
ed, length of the petioles, and armed like them, | Spathe
sub-eylindric, acute, spirally twisted above the spadix.; co-
lour a.dark dall reddish purple ; length fromeight to twelve
inches long, and as thick as the little finger, opening at the
base only where the spadix is lodged while the. naniie
Bb3
438° rn MONOGYNIA, Chloranthus,
charging, after which it shuts, as before that period. ..Spa-
dix cylindric, obtuse, completely covered with hermaphro-)
dite florets; length little more than one inch. Calyx none,
Petals four, obovate, concave. Filaments four, broad; length
of the petals, Anthers two-lobed. Germ oblong, one-celled,
containing one ovula attached to the top of the’ — se
none. Stigma glandular, flat,
12. P. Lasia, R.
Armed, Leaves radical, pinnatifid, Spathe + very long, and
twisted above the spadix. Berries one-seeded, muricate.
~ Lasia aculeata, Lourier, Cochin sr ed. Willd, i, 1038.
- Teling. Moola-sari,
Beng, Kanta-kutchoo, | |
A native of boggy, or wet places “~ ord Crear moun-
tains,
' Leaves radical, petioled, pinsctilld 3 ilies whale,
smooth, shining, the nerves on the under side armed with
prickles; length, about two feet, breadth about a foot and
half. Petioles erect, from two to four feet long, round, every’
where thickly armed with sharp prickles, Scape the length
of the petioles, round, and equally covered with prickles.
Spathe very long, erect, below gaping; above the spadix _
twisted, leathery, dull red colour, Spadix about one-sixth of
the length of the spathe, cylindric, every where covered. with
e fr eeeasiaatoin shee i ep op ager tec oed: Wee
eon CHLORANTHUS, Sehreb. gen. Np 1780s; sorts
“Calyx none, » Corol; a three-lobed, unilateral anette
ous petal on the outside of the pistillum, Germ semi-superunt
sia Pi ARE IR MO Dra ’ one
ispicuns, bin spec! plant, Wi 6885 a?
Eleagnus. TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, -_ 439.
_Tcheu-lan, of the Chinese. ie
_From,Canton it lias-been received. into the Tite ‘garden,
at Calcutta, where it grows.freely to bea small upright shrab,
with many straight sub-simple smooth branches, of about two
feet, in height, with oblong opposite serrulate smooth leaves,
Flowering time, in Bengal the rainy season. It has not yet
ripened its seeds there, | ee
ELZEAGNUS. Schreb. gen. N. 213.
Corol none,. Calyx gibbous, border four-parted... Germ
one-celled, one-seeded ; attachment of the ovulum inferior.
Drupe inferior, one-seeded. Embryo erect, without peris-
perm *
5 Eg, iviflara, R.
Shrubby, scandent, armed. Leaves oblong, o obtuse, scaly,
Flowers axillary, three-fold, peduncled. Re
_Eleagnus foliis oblongis: acuminatis maculatis, Burm.
Zeyl. ps 2.8. Bf Aes
_ A native of Sumatra, from. thence introduced into the He.
tanie garden in 1804, where it blossoms in December. Seeds
ripen three or four months afterwards,
Stems and branches of considerable size, and pe part 9
climbing., Bark of the ligneous parts a beautiful dark pur-
plish colour, and smooth, The short lateral branchlets which.
issue from the young climbing shoots are more or less recur-_
vate and answer the end of tendrils; when old, they become —
stout thorns, Bark of the tender part most beautifully
clothed with ppc tamcioant stellate. scales, Le
alternate, short-petiole
three-fold, small, ser ] Pedunclés Geaerl than the Ri one-
flowered. . Calyx, with a short, four-sided 1 tube ; and. poder
BbA
*
440 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Eleagnus,
of four cordate segments, on the outside a little scaly ; on the
inside smooth, Filaments none. Anthers four, sessile in the
mouth of the tube of the calyx. Germ superior, oblong, em-
braced by the contracted bottom of the calyx, one-celled,
one-seeded. Style as long as the calyx. Stigma oblong,
glandular, oblique. Berry oblong, succulent, when ripe
pale orange colour, pulp soft, of rather a pleasant astringent
taste, and not acid like E. conferta; one-seeded. Seed sub-
clavate. Inteyuments two, exterior eight-ribbed, soft, and
lined with much wool; inner membranaceous, Perisperm
none. Embryo erect. Co okfledlbils conform to the seed, amyg-
daline. _Phumula two-lobed. Radicle oval, inferior.
2. E. conferta, R. ‘
Shrubby, scandent, Leaves alternate, oblong-pointed, co-
vered with silver-coloured scales underneath, Flowers et
lary, crowded, short-peduncled. - ;
__ Beng. Guara.
"This is a very large and ramous, scandent shrub; a native
of the mountains near Silhet, in Bengal. Floweritig ina the
cold season. Seed ripe in March,
~ Young shoots covered with innumerable ist scales.
Leaves alternate, short-petioled, generally erect, oblong-
pointed, entire, with innumerable small silver coloured scales,
particularly underneath, which gives ‘them a bright colour ;
‘fre ree to four inches Jong, and from one and half to two
bi 0% ad. Petioles short, sealy. © ne cillary,
wine gibbous, fal etded? butsidé Lily’ prrege of four cor-
date segments ; its or marked on the inside with four
curved lines; on their pointed junctures the ‘filaments sit.
Style hairy. Drupes oblong, succulent, when ripe red.
~~ Obs. The calyx of my plant’ cannot be said to be pila on
‘th germ ; ‘it has, as it were a lower tube which envelopes the
i) y y, th is ea grows with the fratt and finally ect |
ar
Cansjera. TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 44)
8. E. arborea, R.
Arboreous. Branchlets often spinous, neAe ors
long and broad-lanceolate, entire, silvery underneath. Flow-
ers in axillary fascicles, Fruit cylindrically oblong.
Alarge tree, native of the Garrow Hills, and there called
Sheu-Shong. Flowering time December, The fruit shaped
like an olive, but much larger; it is eaten by the natives
when ripe, which it is generally in March and April.
CANSJERA. Juss. gen. ed. Ust. 85.
Calyzx large, gibbous, four-toothed. Corol none. Nectary
four-petalled, embracing the germ, and of the same i
Berry superior, one-seeded. ¥
» 1, C. scandens. Roxb. Corom. ii. N. 103. eet ol ogi
Shrubby, scandent. Leaves alternate, Spikes axillary.
Scheru-valli caniram. Rheed. Mal. vii. p. 7. t. 4. i
agora caniram, ibid, p. Bite 2: ener to be the same
plant. — Ma
ae! anges woody ctinbing shrub a native of the Circar
mountains, ©
_ Leaves. niente seis tones, Resin, Leeadiibeaal
late, smooth, entire, about three inches long, and one broad.
Spikes axillary, generally single, short, every where covered
with flowers, Bractes solitary, small, oval, one-flowered,
Flowers small, sessile, yellow. Calyx inferior, one-leaved,
-gibbous; mouth four-toothed. Corol none, except the calyx,
or nectary be accounted one, Nectary four-leaved 3 leafleis
cordate, acute, half the length of the calyx, inserted round
the base of the germ and embracing it. Filaments four, , ins
serted into the base of the calyx, and rather shorter than it.
‘Anthe ry OV vula within the calyx. Berry oblong, smooth, red,
ine ie oe iee-oele: _—* vis like the
berry. |
Bi .seete ss, 2:93 5er8
ee i a ‘
442 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Santalums.
SANTALUM. Schreb. gen. LX. 215.
Calyx semi-supera, campanulate, four-cleft. Corol_none..
Nectarial scales four, alternate with the stamina, Germ one-
celled, one-seeded, attachment inferior, Berry one-seeded, |
Tanhes} inverse, and furnished with a perisperm, ..
1.8. ‘alison! Linn, sp. Ai ed. Wiild, i. 691. ,
. Leaves oblong.
‘Sandalum album, Rumph. Amb. ii. 42. t. 11.
Chandana. Asiatic Researches, vol, iv. p. 253.
Santalum verum. Linn. Mat. Med. 102. 7
Sans. Gundhasaru, ns acauecahin Chunduna. re
Beng. Chundan. = Lets
Pers. Sundul-sufed.
Sandal-wood, Buchanan’s Fommnaysi i. 186, and 202. ii. 117,
132, and 536. ii. 192. i=
A native of the mountainous sibs of eee im ee Malabar,
That of Timor, and the neighbouring Islands i is most. proba-
bly the same species. In the Botanic garden near Calcutta, |
the trees reared from seeds brought from the former country, _
thrive luxuriantly, and produce flowers and ripe seed nearly
the whole year round... ;
- Trunk in trees of twelve years’ 5 caamtha in de alias gare
den, only a few. feet high, when. they divide into branches; ;
and there from two and a half to three, feet i in cireumfer CLe
Bark. brownish, and. scabrous, with longitudinal 4
Branches numerous, dividing much, spreadin and rising in
every direction, forming nearly a spherical head, . Young
shoots round and smooth; extreme. height . of our la est.
twelve or thirteen years old trees, about twenty-five. feet.
Leaves Se casiai pai ann rey ay obtuse, 7s
Santalum, TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 4430
lower pair of each thyrsus generally three-flowered. Flow-
ers numerous, small, when they first expand straw-coloured,
changing ‘to a deep ferruginous purple, inodorous, as are all
the exterior parts of the growing plant, even when bruised.
Calyx one-leaved, campanulate; border four-parted ; seg-
ments ovate, smooth, base of the bell only permanent, Corol_
none, except the ealyx, or nectarial glands are so called,
Nectary of four, roundish, sessile; thick, fleshy glands, on
the mouth of the bell of the calyx, alternate with the segments.
of its border, and when the flower first. expands, the most
coloured. part, entire.. In Siriwm (now Santalum) myrtifoli-
um, they are lobate. Filaments four, alternate with the nee-
tarial scales, and of the same length, smooth, but behind each
there rises a tuft of white hairs from the disk of the segments
of the calyx, perfectly distinct from the stamina, but-of the
same length, the ends of these long, white, woolly hairs ad-
here to the back of the small, two-lobed anthers. Germsemi-
superum, one-celled, containing one conical. seed, attached to
the bottom of the cell. . Style, length of the tube of the ea-
lyx, Stigma three-neryed, four-lobed. Berry pyrenous,
round, smooth, when ripe black, and succulent, size of a cher-~
ry, and crowned with the remaining calyx, one-celled. Nut
solitary, spherical; three small, equi-distant elevations from
the apex run a little way down the sides. Seed conform to
the nut. Jntequment single, soft, white, spongy, lining the
nut, and adhering to it and the seed also. Perisperm con-
form to the seed, white, amygdaline, Embryo inverse, subu-.
late, nearly as long asthe vertical diameter of the perisperm,
Catiyledens ome, mupnalslinest lanceolate, shemale mt ite,
Obs. The deseriptions and original figures ofthe f fc
taken from the plants which grow wild, fa he “oui
‘of the Raje ri Cirear, on the coast of Coromandel,
where the trees are but of a smalbsize, scarcely more than a
— shrub, or bush, with lanceolate leaves; and the wood
444 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNITA, Santalum,
of little value. It is now nearly twenty years since that des
cription, and the drawings were made, and I have reason to” *
think the tree which produces the sandal wood of Malabar,*>
and Timor, to be different, and having had an opportunity of
_ cultivating the former, viz. that of the Malabar mountains, in
the Botanic garden for these thirteen years past, I do not’ he-
sitate to say, that the Circar tree is at least’ astrongly
marked variety of the Malabar sort. For that reason I have
thought it advisable to give the foregoing full description,
of the true sandal wood, which I hope will tend to clear up
the botanical history of this celebrated tree, and its associate’
Sirtum myrtifolium, They evidently belong to one genus, to
which 1 have thought it necessary to assign a new essential
character, and wilebhier’t consider them to-be distinct species
_ of that genus, or varieties of one species, must be of very little
piteiidnse! For my own part I think it nearer the'truth to
consider them distinct species. — 1 therefore out the narrow-
leaved one Santalum myrtifolium. ' el ee
The nature and history of the wood, white and yellow:
Saunders or Sandal, are now too well known to require any
ae. in addition rent me. ie
.
2.8. my yrtif oli. R.
Leaves opposite, lanceolate, | euteiae
- Sirtum myrtifolium, Roxb. Corom. pl. i, N. 2. Wi lds
A native of the Circar mountains, where it i ut ofa nal
size, and the wood of little or no values © © 0
Leaves opposite, short-petioled, spreading, iene “en
tire, waved, smooth, shining ; about two inches long, and
three-fourths of an inch broad, Stipules none. Racemes thyr-_
siform, terntinal, compound, small, erect. Flowers small, red-
— Caly ye ioe a Tube short, a little oo, percep
WiC Pedigge igs
o4 inca inmerer the ther Ilands therein, ese he
Gyrocarpus. _ TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA, A445
four-cleft ; divisions ovate, expanding, coloured, © Corol no
* other than the above, except the nectary be such, Neetary
four-leaved, obcordate, notched, inserted into the mouth of
the calyx. Filaments four, short, hairy, inserted into the calyx,
alternate with the leaflets of the nectary.. Germ globular.
Style length of the tube... Stigma four-lobed. Berry globu-
—— of a large pea, smooth, juicy, black, when ripe one-
seeded.
Obs, Birds. sronity eat tthe berries, by which means it is
propagated extensively. I do not know that the wood of this
small tree is ever used as a perfume.
x, | GYROCARPUS. Jacg. Gert. ee
biolye superior, four-leaved, unequal... Corol none. ae
tary of four clavate glands, alternate with the stamina. Berry
dry, one-seeded, ending in two ak ae “salina shades
ely rolled uP ; no PATER mons ’
fseglio ‘a shag
rok. G. PI Roxb. cm, ak i. ™. i.
Polygamous. Panicles dichotomous,
Gyrocarpus asiaticus. Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd, iv. p. 982.
_ Teling. Tanukoo.. e
Grows to be a very tes tree, is chiefly a native of the
mountainous parts of the coast of Coromandel. Leaves deci-
uous about the end of the wet season. | Flowers during the
-cold season when the trees are naked ; the leaves come out
soon after. pie)
Trunk generally erect. Bark smooth, alien h-co.
ation Branches thin, irregularly spreading in every. di-
* rection. . Leaves! apne about the extremities of the —
ed, broad-cordate, three-nerved, often slight-
Fie lobed, above cada ilo downy, with two pits on the
upper side of the base ; length and breadth various, but in
general about five or six inches each way. Petioles round,
437}
.
(AAG TETRANDRIA DIGYNIA. - Cuscuta,
‘downy, three inches long.’ Panicles terminal, umbel-like; di-
visions two-forked. Flowers very small, yellow. =»
HERMAPHRODITE FLowers solitary, sessile in the divi-
sions of the panicle. | Ca/ya superior, four-leaved; leaflets
unequal ; exterior pair small, oval, bractiform, caducous; i-
terior pair large, wedge-shaped, three-toothed, permanent, in-
creasing in size with the pericarp into two long, membranace- —
ous wings. Corol none. Nectary consisting of four clavate,
yellow glands, Filaments four, longer than the calyx, imsert-_
ed alternately with the nectarial glands into ‘a perforated re-
ceptacle. Anthers quadrangular, opening on each side with
an oval lid. Germ inferior, ovate. Style none. Stigma small,
immersed in the perforation of the receptacle of the filament
and nectarial glands. Capsule globular, wrinkled, one-celled,
one-valved, not opening spontaneously, size of a cherry, end-
ing in two long, obtuse, hsirecolats; eveceaperseiued ——
Seed one. © AE AY
Obs. The wood of this tree which is white inde veld light,
is employed to make Catamarans (floats), when to be had,
in preference to any other.
TETRANDRIA DIGYNIA. ee Liga
CUSCUTA. Schreb. “gen N22." oe
_ aly four or Sxe-lenvet or parted. rt oe ple.
yess, superior, Wecdiak dreamatate aalbe gs
rolled round the perisperm, with an inferior radicle.
1..C. iin Roxb. Corde pli il. sah 104. J E siete ‘
_ Parasitical; flowers racemed, pentandrous, ‘Seales of the
wots bearded. Capsuies four-seeded, ro
Cuscuta, TETRANDRIA DIGYNIA, | 447
season, Stems or branches filiform, succulent, twining, very
ramous, leafless, smooth, yellow. Racemes numerous, Flow-
ers white, short-pedicelted. Calyx five-leaved ; leaflets cor-
date, permanent. Corol ; tube cylindric ; mouth five-part-
ed ; division reflexed. Neciary of five scales, which surround
the germ, and are inserted into the bottom of the tube. F%-
laments five, very short. Anthers oval, appearing half above
the mouth of the tube. Style scarcely any. i two,
large, fleshy, expanding, pointed.
2. C. aggregata, R.
Head round, sessile, composed of ten or twelve perfectly
sessile, aggregate, pentandrous flowers. |
~ Accidentally introduced into the Botanic garden amongst
flax seed from Bagdad. When the faz plants were a few
inches high, this little delicate, leafless, filiform, round, yel-
low parasite began to make its appearance, adhering i in such
quantities to their stems and’ leaves, as to sete -uapapene
ina very short — of time. | |
8. C. suleata, R, nia |
-Peduncles im fascicles, each Sting a few pentandrous,
sessile flowers, with a fleshy furrowed calyx. Capsule two-
seeded, surrounded by the deeply grooved calyx.
_ A native of Bengal, appears adhering to Amaranthus ole-
raceus, and some other plants, during the cool season. Is a
plant of small size, of a pale yellow colour eaters pee
fectly smooth, — , ce
Peduncles generally collected in small, remote fascicles of
_ two, three, four, or more, each supporting from two to four,
small, ‘sessile, white mares acme ane
oviths Wee six’ to pin Jeigth eee edi of hs cove.
Corol; tube short, Border five-cleft; divisions oval, obtuse,
reflexed. Nectarial scales five, below the insertion of the
filaments, divided nearly to the base, into many, fine, filiform
*
448 TETRANDRIA DIGYNIA, Coldenia,
segments. Filaments five, inserted a little below the fissures
of the corol, Germ round. Styles two, Stigma headed.
Capsules two-celled, Seeds solitary,
a: C. capitata, R. :
Heads round, sessile, bracted, with from ten to twenty pen-
tandrous flowers. Calyx and corol papillose, pellucid and
white, 7
Hind, and Beng. Algusi.
A most beautiful, small parasite, found in great Mhatlddoce
growing on the lower part of the stems of Crotolaria ik ig
during the month of February and March,
Siems numerous, filiform, smooth, except at the parts where
it grows to the stalks of its supporter, there tuberculate ; ex-
tent from one to two feet high; colour pale yellow. Leaves
none. Flowers from ten to twenty, forming most beautiful,
round, sessile, white, pellucid heads. Bractes asingle one un-
der each head, which is white, membranaceous, and oblong,
Calyx and corol five-cleft, swelled with pellucid cells, like the
Ice-plant. _Nectarial scales reniform, ciliate. Stamens five,
Germ two-celled,with two seeds in each, attached to the -
tom of the cells. Styles two, Stigma simple.
COLDENIA. Schreb. gem NY. 233,
Ge By! *
| pi inverse, and furnished witha Tg
1. C. procumbens. Linn, sp. pl. ed. Willd, Rey fp Ae Da
_. Asmall annual, spreading flat on the ground, and in | gene-
ral very common on dry rice-fields during the cold. seasons
_-but never to be seen Figen the bepipaieg pf the agent
they are prety over, e
Brucea, . TETRANDRIA TETRAGYNIA. 449
TETRANDRIA TETRAGYNIA.
BRUCEA. Schreb. gen. N. 1508.0 8
Calyx four-parted. Petals four, Germs four, one-seeded,
attachment inferior, Berries four, superior, one-seeded.
Embryo i inverse, with scarcely any. perisperm. sonetnes 3 a
fifth part is added, ny
1. B. sumatrana, R. : ;
Shrubby. Leaflets serrate, acemes axillary, generally
compound,
_ Lussa-Radja. Rumph. Amb, Auctuar, 27. t. 15.
_ Mal, Ampadoo-Barrowing.
A native of Sumatra. From thence Mr, Ewer sent the
_were s about four feet high with a ny be i 0
few branches, They then began to flower in May, and con-
tinued to blossom and ripen 1 their seed all the: FEAR.
_ Leaves. scattered, unequally-pinnate, { from. twelve to eigh-
teen_inches long. Leaflets from four to six pair, opposite,
short- petioled,. obliquely. oyate-lanceolate, grossly and ob-
tusely serrate, pointed, villous underneath, from three to six
inches long, very bitter, and somewhat foetid. Petioles com-
_ mon, round, and villous. Stipules none. Racemes axillary,
solitary, from one to six, or eight inches long, somewhat com-
pound, dark purple, and clothed with a few white hairs,
Flowers numerous, yery minute, dark purple, and in all the
Sumatra plants completely hermaphrodite. Bractes subu-
* Tate, hairy, very | opal, and caducous, Calyx four-leaved, -
matted” “8 nall, ovate lanceolate,
| dark purple, and hairy on Pe bait.” Nectary a
dark purple, four-lobed, fleshy cap surrounding the inser-
tion of the germs, Filaments four, short, purple, inserted un-
VOL, 1. oe
*
450 TETRANDRIA TETRAGYNIA. Myriophyllum.
der the margin of the nectary. Anthers oval, large, and
deep purple till they discharge their pollen. Germs four, su-
perior, one-celled, with one ovulum in each attached to the -
upper and inner side of the cell. Styles single, short, recury-
ed,one to each germ. Stigmas simple. Drupes four, when
all come to maturity, size of a small grain of black pepper,
smooth, dark purple, one-celled, ut conform to the drupe,
rugose, one-celled, inner edge thinner, and the upper half of
it marked with a white line, (the umbilicus). Seed conform
to the nut. Integuments single, adhering to the perisperm,
thin and white. Perisperm in very small quantity, indeed it
may be called a fleshy inner integument. Embryo as long
as the perisperm; straight, inverse. Cotyledons oval, fleshy.
_ Plumula two-lobed, Radicle roundish, superior.
Obs. Since I first described this tree, and only from plants —
that were completely hermaphrodite I have found some plants
perfectly male, and others as completely female. In this plant,
therefore, we have another instance of Trioicous Polygamy.
_From the sensible qualities of the green parts of this plant,
being somewhat foetid, and simply, though intensely bitter, it
‘promises to be as good an antedystenerical medicine as
Bruce’s Abyssinian Wooginos itself. As soon as the plants
arrive at greater maturity the bark shall be tried, and com-
pared with Angustura bark which has by some been thought
that of Brucea antedysenterica of Bruce’s Travels, &c. vol. v.
“ owe also of I. ¥F. Miller, Tab. 25. and still better deserib-
Pabtned: See.) Neu. 19. e 10. ‘See alo Lim, D. pl. ed
Winds Iv. 742, hi
MYRIOPHYLLUM. Schreb. gen. N. 1440...
Hi Calyx four-parted. Corol four-petalled. ‘Style none,’
Stigma ; acne ne eked: he sat inverse,
oe aq x us b
rR Bad! sf ea ty! 3 Se pee be | lt hoa ae
Ratanegeen TETRANDRIA TETRAGYNIA, | ~A5L
41. M. tetrandrum. R.
Esletie verticelled, all filiform-pinnatifid., Wises axill-
ary, verticelled, tetrandrous. Calyx four- leaved, |
_ Compare with Hottonia sessiliflora. Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd.
1: Bl Bair: bow ass oth: san J
- Teling. oe aa
odt grows in. sweet water ; appearing during the rains, .
Stems round, articulate, spongy below the water, Tomoth
various, above the water from four to six inches, about the
thickness of a crow’s quill. Leaves verticelled, pinnatifid,
below the water they are much larger, with capillary seg-
ments; above the water they are small. Flowers very small,
white, verticelled, i, e. one in the axill of each leaf... Calyx,
above, four-leaved ; leaflets permanent. Petals es epic:
Filaments shorter than the petals. pita e ae
2. M. tubereulatum, R.
Leaves verticelled, pinnatifid, gp ade ee. siccall.
ed, tetrandrous; fruit tetraceous, tubercled.
A native of borders of lakes, and other moist cin near
Calentts, in blossom: most part of the year, and very much.
iBone: cxtoapints;: enh jointed, length various, seeiees
enlzatnition about five or six inches. Leaves verticelled, pin
natifid, or acutely serrate, | Flowers verticelled, sessile, one
in the axill of each leaf, small, pink-coloured. Calyx none,
Corol ; petals oblong, expanding, pink-coloured. Filament.
short. . Anthers linear. » Seeds united in a the form of a coals
lobes, tabercled L pewicarp. ees Jipebataalle”.
(i are ag Schreb. gen. N. 234. ae
- Calyx none, Coro] four-petalled. Germs four. Styles
none, ene Sei Embryo hooked, alii
, 7 Cc2 :
452 TETRANDRIA TETRAGYNIA. Potamogeton. ©
1. P. indicum. R.
Creeping. Legves alternate, from narrow-lanceolate to
elliptically oval, opaque, glossy, many-nerved, Anthers
four pair, attached to the claws of the round concave petals.
A native of the borders of fresh water lakes and ditches
in the vicinity of Calcutta. Flowers in February and March. .
Stems creeping. ‘The small simple roots which issue from
the joints are all I can discover, for while the-plant‘advances
_ from the apex, it decays at the opposite end, so that I do not
think any~part of them exists for one year. Branches few,
_ and like what I call the stems; they are all round, smooth,
>
oa shestiaods Shaitulled with. one. 0
and jointed at various distances. Leaves alternate, except
next to the flowers, and there often opposite, petioled, from
narrow-lanceolate to elliptically oval, opaque, even, and very
smooth, or rather glossy, entire, obtuse, obscurely many-.
nerved ; size very various. Those that remain immersed are
narrower, longer, more strongly marked with nerves, and
sub-transparent. Petioles simple, not sheathing, length vari-
ous, in plants left by the water much shorter than the leaves.
Stipules solitary, axillary, sheathing, length of the petioles,
slit halfway or more on the inside, Peduncles solitary, axill-
ary, or opposite to a leaf, round, rather thicker, smooth, and’
nearly as long as the cylindric spike, which each supports.
Flowers small, numerous, green. Calyx none. Petals long-'
clawed, nearly round, incurved, fleshy ; concave within, con-
vex on the back, penelennii ilemarniote Anithere; ne:
Styles short, and thick. Stigmas a dark speck on the apex
of the styles. Drupes obovate, smooth. Nut conform to the
drupe, one-celled, Embryo curved, as represented) by Gert-
ner in P. alten, vol, ii, t, 84,
*
2. P. tuberosum. R.
ss oie Hike she roa ik
. Potamogeton. TETRANDRIA TETRAGYNIA, ‘ 453
sessile, linear, much waved, entire, clear, when dry membra-
naceous, - > Pat
Found immersed in extensive masses, in ponds, ie and
receptacles of fresh water in Bengal, during the dry season,
chiefly when im flower in February, it rises so near tothe sur-
face as to allow the little spikes of flowers to gereickc com-
pletely, ;
Root of long simple fibres, brown, &c. siénotvliag to the
colour of the mud they enter ; on the creeping joints are ge-
nerally found small conndahdobae, viviparous tubers, Stems
and branches of various lengths, according to the depth of the |
water, &c. a groove'on each side gives them the appearance :
of being compressed, thick as a pack-thread, smooth, at the
bottom of the water creeping, towards the extremities when
in flower dichotomous ; previously to that period the branches
are alternate and naillay. Leaves sessile, alternate, except
at the floriferous fork of the branches, where they are oppo-
- site, linear, rather obtuse, much waved, finely and acutely
serrulate, with two slender nerves near the margin,*pellucid,
from two to three inches long, by little more than a quarter
of an inch'broad, Stipules sheathing, short, smooth, greenish
like the other parts of the plant, and scarcely to be distin-
guished from them: Spikes solitary in the fork of the
branches, rather long-peduncled, from four to eight-flowered,
when in blossom emerged, afterwards immerged. Corol,
stamina, and germ as in the genus, but here there certainly is
a style with four large, obliquely truncated mene Seed as
miei natans, Gert, sem, li, 23. tab. 84, iets
Ce3
CLASS. V.
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. _
*
HELIOTROPIUM. Schreb. gen. N.239:
Corol salver-shaped ; throat contracted with vaults, Seis
ssc naked, or each covered with its — senso
1. H. indicum. Willd. sp. i, 740. siete ui
Annual, diffuse, ramous. Leaves petioled, cordate, Spikes
leaf-opposed, peduncled, solitary. Fruit two-cleft,
Bena patsja. Rheed. Mal. x. p. 95. t. 48. 7 nina
» Sans, Shreehustinee, Bhooroondee. is
Beng. Hatti-soora,
_ This is one of the most common plants in India, it is’ in
. floweb at all seasons, and delights in out-of-the-way were
rubbish, &c. where the soil is rich and dry. .
. Stems and branches diffuse, dichotomous, hairy, general
height one, or two feet, but spreading to an extent greater
— its oe prevvcisiosientcmesttcerhirtis ae — ;
eet 2 oolley, peduncled, foiger than thd. leaved PB
ers rigidly sessile, minute, in two rows on the upper side of |
_ the spikes, Corol longer than the calyx. Tube gibbous ; bor-
der five-lobed, pale rose colour. Seeds united towards the
base, two-cleft, smooth. = Kea.
a i. “tei aera Willd. sp. i, 742.
Lithospermum. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 455
_ Beng. Naga-phoollee.
A native of Coromandel, Bengal, Ke. ps Gas the
hot and rainy seasons.
Root simple, annual, Stems several, near the base spread-
ing on the ground, afterwards ascending ; clothed with white,
soft hair, Leaves scattered, petioled, obovate, entire, hairy
like the stems and branches, Spikes terminal, and interspers-
ed among the leaves, generally paired, lowers numerous,
small, white, placed in a waved row on the upper side of
the spikes. Calyx half the length of the corol, the exterior,
inferior, divisions longer.
3. H. paniculatum, R. a
Erect, ramous, hairy. Leaves petioled, ovate-oblong.
Spikes terminal, panicled, secund, Tube of the spagh ‘iad
and gibbous,
A native of Chittagong, flowers. during the tg season, 547.
LI ITHOSPERMUM. Schreb. gen. N. 241.
,Corol. funnel-shaped, throat perforated, and saked Calpe
five-parted, Germ four-celled, with one pendulous ovulum.
in each, 7 :
Bry. ;
‘ah L. hey Bani R. :
Shrubby, erect. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, rugose, entire. *
Spiet peduncled, twice or thrice dichotomous, recurved. _
A native of Chittagong, where it blossoms during the rains, '
and cool season, j ie
_ Stems erect, ligneous, soon throwing « out many, Da i
ternate, round, hair branches ; whole height from three to
five feet. Leaves alternate, petioled, ovate-lanceolate, acute,
rugose, entire, a little hairy underneath ; length from four to
six. inches, and from two to three broad. Peduncles at first
terminal, but becoming lateral ; as vegetation. advances, twice,
thrice, or even oftener bifid; each division ending in ae 3
Ce4
456. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNITA. Cynoglossum.
somewhat long, recurved, secund spike, with two rows of |
small, exquisitely: beautiful, green flowers on its convex side.
Bractes none. Calyx five-leaved. Corol with the tube en-
larged towards the base, twice the length of the calyx; bor-
der slightly five-notched ; throat open. Anthers linear, sub-
sessile, near the base of the tube of the corol. Germ ovate,
‘four-celled, with one ovulum in each, attached to the top of
the axis. Seeds ovate-cordate, smooth,
iF
- CYNOGLOSSUM. Schreb. gen. N: 243,
Corot funnel-shaped; the throat contracted with Canin:
Seeds four, depressed, affixed to the style.
1. C. racemosum, R.- : ) , v8
Annual, erect, ramous. Leaves lanceolate, sessile, hairy.
Spikes paired and solitary, lateral, and eee Flowers
pedicelled, Seeds echinate, distinct. a owed:
Found growing on rubbish in the vicinity of Calcutta ;
flowering time the rainy season.
Root shin: Stem erect, with many alternate, erect
branches from every part; all covered with short, stiff, de-—
pressed hairs; the whole height about a foot and half. —
Leaves alternate, sessile, lanceolate, hairy, veined, a little
wrinkled, margins minutely curled, and ciliate; from two to _
three’ inches: long. aes eins ‘and axillary, ipediien:
cled, ge af ed, ot
their full length eee bhi ger than. he: Leave, Seiko shsraplecs -
incurved, Flowers alternate, on the upper side of the spikes
pedicelled, while expanded ereet, afterwards ternuous, very
small, white, with a purple throat which is somewhat contract:
ed by five two-lobed glands, Calyx longer than the corol;
leaflets oval, hairy. Stamens just within the mouth of the
= ip the: Gurel.: Snes distinct, of a roundish conical | ——
Cynoglossum, — PENTANDRIA MONOGYNTA, | 457
tles, and affixed to a conical receptacle, which has four corres)
ponding concavities to receive the four seeds. Bee
2. C. diffusum. R.
Annual, diffuse, hairy. Leaves oblong, soft, hairy. | Flow-
ers: — _ Stamens hid in the - Seeds scab-
rous, ©
A native of Bingals ; appearing in gardens, anid on culti.
vated land in the cold season,
Stems diffuse, slender, clothed with stiff hairs; length from
six to eighteen inches, Leaves alternate, the inferior ones
petioled ; the superior ones sub-sesile, all entire, oblong, soft,
and hairy. Flowers solitary, between the leaves, short-pe-
duncled, small, white, with a tinge in the throat. Calyx
longer than the tube, hairy. Corol with the tube gibbous,
its mouth contracted with five broad, emarginate scales, Sta-
mens hid in the belly of the tube. — Seeds, or arils obovate, -
ope pee naan on —— aaa
3. ¢. wieifotina: R. Lae
Annual, diffuse. Leaves. bifarious, oblong hairy, Flowers
solitary between the leaves; eorol half the length of the
calyx; seeds round, rough,
A native of the eastern parts of Bengal ; flowering time the
cold season ; soon after which the seed ripens, and the. see
perish,
‘Root annual. Stem none, but several, ramous, slender,
round, hairy branches spread on the ground. Leaves alter-
nate; ‘bifarious, sub-sessile, elliptic, hairy nudqnnetlens cual
an inch in length, and about half that in breadth, Flowers —
smiley; or between the leaves, oceania; lita;
mall, of a pale whitish blue, Calyx five-leaved ; leaf
letsilkcticsblats, hairy on the outside, nearly twice as large
as the corol. Corol, the tube very short, the throat contract-
ed, by ‘five emarginate scales alternate with the stamens, -
Filaments short ; anthers large, half hid in the mouth of the —
458. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Boragoy
tube of the corol. . Style short, clavate, Stigma emarginate,
Seeds rough, round, almost hid. in the calyx, aftixed toa
very short columnar receptacle. .
- BORAGO. Schreb. gen. N. 248
Corol rotate. Throat closed with rays. iia)
1. B. indica. R. Willd. sp. i. 776. eben
» Annual, diffuse. Leaves sub-sagittate, siem-clasping, the
lower ones opposite. Flowers solitary, drooping. Calyx _
conical, with five hornlets behind.
Beng. Chhota-kulpa.
Common over most parts of India, aatasien flowers pli .
tipe seed the greatest part of the year... eo
Root fibrous, annual. Stem scarcely any, but many cy
-chotomous, hairy, spreading branches of about a foot,in |
length. The lower /eaves opposite ; the upper ones alternate,
all sessile, stem-clasping, sub-sagittate, entire, hairy. Pe-
duncles opposite to, or between the leaves, drooping, hairy,
one-flowered, Flowers pale blue. Calyx five-parted, with
roe
the fissures extended into five recurved hornlets; divisions. -
adhering by their margins, giving to the whole a conical. —
shape. Corol a little longer than the calyx; divisions cor-—
date with filiform apices, .Anthers united i into.a om, sis
ee jas
ott fs eters Py resr Shem fe: sere
2B. gua Willd. sp. i. 777. :
Annual, erect, ramous, strigose. Cauline | talacag speeds:
sub-sessile, lanceolate ; foral ones alternate with the solitary,
one-flowered, drooping peduncles, ‘ .ounige
is native of various parts of India, Flouaiad, Simae the
~| Root annual, Stem erect, branches opposite, pane salah
en ed hi spi ors aca abil Deets ef imosineadle = :
Menyanthes, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNITA, 459
of the whole plant in a good soil from four to six, or éven
eight feet. Leaves opposite, sub-sessile, lanceolate, entire,
harsh, with a few stiff, scattered hairs, Floral leaves termi-
nal, alternate, ‘small, sessile, cordate-lanceolate. Peduncles
_sub-solitary, one-flowered, drooping, sub-alternate, longer
than the floral leaves, round, hairy. Bractes no other than
the floral leaves. Flowers cernuous, pale blue. Calyx five-
leaved ; deaflets adhering slightly near the base, and at their
dBpsotis forming five chang ridges, but without the posterior
horns of Borago indica ; nor, like that plant, does it shut over
the seed, but becomes expanded. Corol ; divisions of the bor-
der broad-cordate, with their apices sub-filiform. Filaments
short, and thick, inserted on the mouth of the tube of the co-
rol. Anthers sagittate, woolly, each ending in a large twist-
ed thread ; sides firmly united into a conical dome over the —
stigma, ‘Seeds four, ovate, smooth on the: pane: — on
_ the pe where lodged in the ———
Be B, spinulosa, Re
Annual, diffuse, Richetinindie; pee iil nem cosmiipe tiie
et All the deaves alternate, sessile, oblong, scabrous, Pe-
— leaf-opposed, one-flowered.
A native of Bengal, appearing in the cold season.
MENYANTHES. Schreb. gen. oo 263.
_ -| Calyx five-parted. Corol monopetalous, five-parted. Cate
sais — one-celled, Seeds many, inserted on parietal
shi My-orietaiag tt blero B 105. swe ie
~~ ilies sigan Leaves round-corate, repand. Mee.
tary triple; stigma two-cleft,
Cumuda, Asiat. Res. iv. 254. Pie
‘0 Tsjeroea-citambel. Rheed, Mal, 11. p. 57. t, 29.
460 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. /Menyanthes,
Beng. -Chooli.
Teling, Antara Tamara.
A native of pools of sweet water, where it floats, often not
reaching the bottom with its roots. | Flowering time the wet
and cold seasons. rigdtde f
Root annual, fibrous, Leaves radical, petioled, cordate,
lobes overlapping a little, margins somewhat scolloped, —
smooth, on the upper side purplish green; size various, the
larger from four to six inches long. Petioles round, length
- various, on the upper side about two inches below the leaf
there is a viviparous tuberosity, which produces the*flowers
as well as other leaves and roots, the old leaf and the.
parent petiole decaying, leave this a new plant, each peti-
ole in succession doing the same. Peduncles many, from
the above-mentioned tuberosity of the petiole, one-flowered,
sufficiently long to raise the flower above the water-while
expanded, afterwards they drop into the water, and:there
ripen their seeds. Flowers pure white, about an inch in dia-
meter, Calyx five-leaved ; leaflets broad-lanceolate, perma-
nent. Corol of one petal; divisions of the border oblong,
expanding with broad, membranaceous, waved, curled, rag
ged margins; down the middle of each of them runs a ridge,
exactly similar to one half of the divisions themselves, no hair
on the flowers. Nectary triple ; the exterior one consisting of
white,ramous filaments crowning the mouth of the tube of the
corol, as in Nerium ; the middle one of five beautiful yellow,
dies, which nearly fill the mouthofthetube,stand- _
Sing eleqrwetd wich 'thss fibemehte’ and the interior one of five:
hairy, yellow bodies surrounding the base of the germ, Fi-
laments inserted into the tube of the coro] near its base. An-
thers oval, Style short. Stigma two-cleft; segments large, —
and lobate. Seeds a little compressed, scabrous, Receptacles’
wget sapnedie, tasiliog dome the sidonelt the ene:
is Me ae Coe
‘a M. indién, Wild spe. petit: ikon babar’ yd
Fagrea,. ~~ PENTANDRIA MONOGYNTAS 461
the corol hairy ; nectaries none, ote three-lobed. » emiide
obovate. : js ipers Hine
Hind and Beng. Bura-chooli,
| Teling. Antara-tamara,
Nedel-Ambel. Rheed. Hort. Mal. i. p. 5d. t. 28.
-Cumud. Asiat. Res. vol. iv. p. 254. N. 30. -
_ Like M. cristata it is found floating on sweet water. lakes,
&c. in Bengal. I never met with it-on the coast. Flowering
time the cold season,
Leaves petioled, saddest} margins slightly waved,
‘somewhat fleshy, smooth, when full grown about a foot or -
more each way. Petioles round, length various ; from a tu-
berosity near the apex, there issue flowers, other leaves, and
roots ; each leaf therefrom becoming a new plant, as im My
cristata, Calyx from five to six-parted. Corel expanding;
tube short, yellow ; border from five to six-parted, divisions
lanceolate, the upper. side thickly «clothed with long white
filaments, Nectaries wanting, or minute, #ilaments as many
as the divisions of the calyx and corol, ascending.” Anthers
erect, Stigma three-lobed, curled, Capsu/e one-celled. Re-
ceptacles three, running down the inside of the —
— Sborate:
te Bits gees
- PAGREA. Schreb. gen. N. 276.
Clilge five-leaved, imbricated. Corol infundibuliform, With,
an imbricated five-cleft border, Berry oval, two-celled.
: Athenhichisilgial siddphiead hy E Dr. William ciidate
one garden only on the Island of Pulo Pinang ; to which it
was originally brought from China, It blossoms in May and
Jane, and ripens its fruit in September and October,
— PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Plumbago,
Branches numerous, spreading in every direction. Leaves
opposite, decussate, patent, short-petioled, broad-lanceolate,
taper, obtuse-pointed, entire, nerveless and smooth on: both
‘sides ; from four to five inches long, and about one and a half
broad. Petioles short, smooth, enlarged at the base into a
stem-clasping ring, which in the dried specimens are encrust-
ed with a clear yellow resin. Corymbs peduncled, axillary, —
nearly as long as the leaves, decompound, decussate, smooth.
Flowers numerous, large, whitish yellow, fragrant. Bractes:
small, permanent. Calyx beneath, deeply five-parted, or ra-
ther five-leaved ; permanent. Leaflets sub-rotund, imbricat-
ed, smooth, many times shorter than the tube of the corol.
Corol one-petalled... Tube between campanulate and infun-
dibuliform. Border contorted, five-parted ; divisions ovate-:
eblong, expanding. _ Filaments five, ascending, inserted in
the mouth of the tube, and, much longer than the corol. . An-
thers incumbent. Germ above, ovate. Style, the length of
the stamens. Stigma enlarged, entire. Berry oval; a little
pointed, size of a currant, smooth, red, pulpy, wile
Seed several in each cell, angular, and scabrous. ntpae
“2, F. elliptica. R.
Leaves opposite, short-petioled, caiiliniee iid aad
firm. Corymbs terminal, more than ne
Tube of the corol cylindric.
_ A native of the Moluccas,
PLUMBAGO. Schreb. gen. N.281.. °° -,
Calyx gibbous, five-toothed. Corol funnel-shaped:) Sta- ;
mina. inserted into the tops of the five nectarial seales which
embrace the germ. htc five-cleft., premqnegeecs :
iy ; eahoat <tr Ape
tris) 5 basgono
Hist anh es Ww,
Plumbago. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 463
hP- sje Willd. sp. i. 837.
Shrubby. Leaves ovate-oblong, smooth, Raviniy aie:
sprinkled with glutinous hair.. Bractes three, unequal.
Tomba-codivelli. Rheed. Mal. 10. 15. t. 8.
Chitraca. Asiat. Res, iv. 255.
- Sans. Pathin, Chitruka; also Vuhni, and all the other
names of fire, eink?
Beng. Chitra, Chita, |
A perennial shrubby plant, a native of India.
Stems many, jointed, smooth, somewhat declining, ramous,
flexuous, from two to four feet long, and about the thickness
of a large quill. Branches nearly bifarious.. Leaves alter-
nate, short-petioled, ovate, waved, smooth, entire, from two
to three inches long, and one and a half, or two broad. Peti-
oles short, stem-clasping, channelled, or sub-winged.. Sti-
pules none, Racemes axillary,and also terminal, covered with
much short glutinous hair, - Flowers pure white. Bractes
three-fold, one-flowered, the outer one is ten times larger than
the lateral one; they are covered with the same gluten as the
peduncle of the raceme, sometimes: _ is a fourth linear
—_ ene the — 2
Reasinieees Willd. sp. i. 838. Asiat, Res. xi. 175.
“Shrubby. Leaves ovate-oblong, smooth. Racemes smooth ;
bractes three, smooth.
~ Radix vesicatoria. Rumph. Amb, v. 453. t. 168.
Schetti codiveli. Rheed. Mal. xii. 17. t. 9.
Beng. Rukta-chitra, Lall-chita, erie: Bim
+ Native of Coromandel, and other parts of _ + ee
» Perennial, , shrubby ; stems, branches, leaves, and petioles ax
in the preceding. Racemes axillary, and also terminal, smooth.
Flowers large, of a bright beautiful red. Bractes three-fold,
red, equal, smooth; a en
between the flower and eubhiai!!> it
Siete ie a distinguishing marks between seats sind
464 PENTANDRIA MONOGYRIA, Porana,
species, according to my observation, depend on the racemes
and bractes, colour not being a specific mark.
PORANA. Schreb. gen. N. 286. . :
Calyx five-leaved, growing in the pericarp into scariese
wings. Corol campanulate. Germ one-celled, from two. to
four-seeded. Utriculus one-seeded, intra erect, curved,
and Ss isseviaeiolyt
1. Py pbicnlaton ® Res
Shrubby, twining, Leaves exactly pen A entire, hoary.
Panicles terminal, and seen Goel sub-entire,. Style
short, simple. resis
A native of the interior parte of. cael and. comticnlatie
plentiful upon the rums of Gowr, and. the Rajamahl hills,
Flowering tite the cold season; seeds ripe in March,
Stem woody, divided into numerous, very long, scandent,
and twining, stout, woody branches, which extend over the
largest trees, or whatever else they meet with, their extremi-
ties drooping beautifully. Bark of the woody parts ash-co-
Joured, and uneven ; that of the young shoots clothed with
_ whitish soft down, - deine cordate, entire, fine-pointed, vil-
- lous on both sides, but particularly so underneath, where they
are also hoary, frem one to four inches each way... Panicles
Fas ae shes roesenienslinensaemsTnne 2
five-lobed. Filenalits bak inserted into abe bation of; the
tube of the corol. Anthers linear, half hid. Germ ovate, one-_
_ celled, ovula four, attached to the bottom of the cell. Style
a me aes of eee tga lobes. pe gs
Porana, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 465
riose are enlarged into as many oblong, lanceolate wings many
times longer than the capsule itself; the other two continue
of their original length, but so contracted in breadth as to be
filiform. Seed solitary, affixed to the base of the capsule, Pe-
risperm and embryo as in the Convolvulacee, to which order
it belongs,
Obs. A large plant, from thirty to forty feet long, covering
a mango tree, is now in full blossom before me, and is certain-
ly a most lovely sight; the long pendulous extremities of the
branches, with their numerous panicles of small, white flow-
ers, and hoary leaves, render it a very pleasing object.
2. P. volubilis. Burm. Ind. 51. t. 21. f. 1. Willd. sp.i. 843.
_Shrubby, twining. Leaves cordate, entire, smooth. Pani-
cles axillary, and terminal. Corol five-cleft, | Style bifid.
A native of various parts of India, but scarce in Bengal;
flowers during the cold season in the pein, and
when i in that state is uncommnly beautiful.
_ Trunk and branches ligneous, twining, to a very igen ae
able extent, over trees, &c. Leaves alternate, petioled, cor-
date, entire, smooth, pointed, from two to three inches long,
and from one to two broad. Panicles axillary, and terminal,
drooping ; ramifications thereof alternate, and downy. Flow-
ers numerous, small, white, inodorous, pedicelled. Bractes
small, villous, several on the base of the pedicels, and one
longer than the others under its insertion. Calyx of five,
oblong, scariose leaflets, which are nearly as long as the corol.
- Corol campanulate; border five-cleft ; divisions oblong, and
obtuse, Filaments five, inserted near the bottom of the tabe
Ge odin Sigh Ball two.cltiyene of the divibonia idsintor,
Stigma’ eaded , somewhat two-lobed, U/iriculus surround-
ed with five, scariose, equally enlarged, permanent leaflets of
_ the calyx ; round, OO > hm meararmcaahe The
“rest as in the former species, = = : inet
VOL, I. Da
AGG , PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Convolwulus.
3. P racemosa, R, bie Bad Vian
Annual, twining, filiform. ‘Leaves jrsilae. the douline
ones petioled, the floral ones stem-clasping. Racemes axil-
lary and terminal. Corol five-cleft. So
A native of Nepal, from thence introduced by Dr. F.
Buchanan, into the Botanic garden, whee it blossoms during _
the dry season.
Stems annual, twining, slender, pretty auiogths Leaves
cordate, entire, obtuse-pointed, soft, and smooth, the cauline
ones are petioled; the floral ones sessile, indeed stem-clasp-
ing. Racemes axillary, and terminal, long-peduncled, few-
flowered, Bractes, the lower ones like the floral leaves, but
smaller, those of the superior flowers very small. Flowers al-
ternate, pedicelled, small, white. Calyx fjve-leaved ; leaflets —
sub-lanceolate, growing with the pericarp into five scariose
wings. Corol sub-campanulate ; tube short, and rather gib-
hous; border five-parted ; segments oblong. Filaments short,
‘iitenal, inserted into the tube of the corol near its bottom.
Anthers ovate, within the tube. Germ ovate, one-celled,
containing two seeds, attached to its bottom. Style length of
the stamens. Stigma oval, apex two-lobed. Utriculus oval,
smooth, of a very delicate, entire, membranaceous texture,
surrounded by the five leaflets of the calyx, now enlarged
into five scariose, cuneiform = Seed as in the age
ee CONTOL. YULUS. y Rese oo .
Calyx five-leaved. Corol campanulate. Germ fwo, rand
three-celled, Stigma from two to three-lobed. Capsule, two
or three-celled; cells two-seeded, Einbryo erect, curved 5 ;
cotyledons pao
_N. B. In far the greater number of our East Lindi Con-
olvuli, and Ipomoea, the stigma consists of two globular
i globe an aggregate of minute, roundish, ps iu-
us | mileweltt teen specific character, ther: ore.
Convolvulus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 467
I take no notice of the stigma when so formed ; it will conse-
quently be understood ‘to consist of two round lobes, when
not mentioned, In this genus there is' but one species (C. fla-
gelliformis,) that can be said to have any thing like an entire
stigma and in /pomoea only one, viz. I phoenicea, I do not
drovadars think it would answer any valuable purpose to make
a double stigma the essential, generic mark of Convolvulus,
and a single capitate one, that of Ipomoea. But those with
an entire seed vessel, may be advantageously formed into a
distinct family, which I have done in the next genus, Lett-
somia,
SECT. I. Twining with undivided Leaves.
1. C. gangeticus. R. =
Perennial, twining, extensive. Leaves round-cordate, en-
tire, obtuse. | Peduneles solitary, from one to four-flowered.
Leaflets of the calyx reniform, increasing in size with the
capsule, and hiding it, Coro/ with nearly entire margins,
_ A native of the banks of the Ganges, where it blossoms du- _
ring the cool season; when its extended branches, and ‘nu-
-merous, very large, bright, pink-coloured flowers are biased
ornamental ; seeds ripe in March,
Stems shrubby, twining up and over trees toa pa ex-
tent; young shoots round, pale green, and a little hairy.
. Leaves petioled, re-entering, round-cordate, entire, often emar-
ginate, nearly smooth above ; villous, and dotted underneath,
and there strongly marked with many, nearly simple, paral-
Jel veins; length and breadth about three or four inches,
Petioles channelled, nearly as long as the leaves. Peduncles
axillary, solitary, shorter than the petioles, from one to three-
flowered. Bractes oblong, opposite, caducous at a very ear-
ly eriod, Leaflets of the calyx obvolute, reniform, emar-
ginate, ‘with thin, membranaceous edges, increasing in size
with the fruit, and covering it completely at all times. Germ
. 1 wets with one oyulum in each cell, attached to the .
Dd2
— PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Convolvulus.
bottom, stigma of two round lobes, Capsules entirely hid
in. the calyx, which together with them is the size of a large
nutmeg. Seeds covered with a dense coat of fine brown down,
and hairy round the umbilicus,
2. C, semidigynus, R.
Perennial, twining. Leaves cordate, villous. Peduncles
three-or more-flowered. Style half two-cleft. Stigmas glo-
bular. yatta
_ A native of the Shree-nugur mountains, from thence Cap-
tain Hardwicke sent seeds to the Botanic garden, where the
plants, three years old when this description was taken, are
very extensive and in full blossom in December.
Stems woody, twining ; young parts villous. Leaves alter-
nate, petioled, cordate, and ovate-cordate, entire, pointed, of
a very soft, villous texture, particularly underneath ; three
or four inches long, and about two broad. —-Petioles half as
long as the leaves, villous. Peduncles axillary, solitary,
shorter than the petioles, round, downy, each bearing three
or more large, pure white, inodorous flowers. Bractes ovate,
caducous. Calyx downy. Corol villous on the outside.
Anthers' with their points bent back towards the bottom of
the corol, and their sagittate bases pointing to its mouth.
Germ bearded. Style two-cleft, Stigma globular. —
Coane wees roe ae fowertd:'
A native of the interior parts of Beucal: in flower, and
full foliage most part of the year. ;
_. Root perennial. Stems and branches numerous, twits
all the sub-ligneous parts scabrous; young shoots running
over bushes to an extent of many fathoms, generally tinged
pecs ton Long runners issue from the oF, of the root,
: . nthe young xi shoots and runners they are often + fa 2
Convolvulus, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 469
_ riously, lobate, or have their posterior lobes angular; all are
~ smooth on both sides from two to four inches each way, and
like the tender branchlets often tinged with purple, particu-
larly the margins, veins and nerves; there are two round,
smooth, rust-coloured glands on the sides of the base of the
nerve, where it joins the petioles, which are from one to six _
inches long. Peduncles small, deciduous. Calyx smooth,
leaflets obovate, acuminate, and very small in proportion to
the size of the corol. Stamina within the tabe. Stigma of
two round lobes. Capsules smooth, membranaceous, from
two to four-lobed, with a single, dark brown or black, smooth
seed in each,
4. C. maximus, Willd, sp. pl. i. 853.
Perennial, twining. Leaves ovate, entire. Peduncles many-
flowered, longer than the leaves, Seeds woelys e
' A native of Coromandel,
5. C. malabaricus. Willd. sp. pl. i. 857.
Perennial, twining, every part smooth, Leaves cordate
entire. Peduncles many-flowered. —
-Kattu-Kelengu. Rheed. Mal. xi. 105. t. 51.
A very extensive, perennial species, found in Mysore by
Dr. B. Heyne. In the Botanic garden it began pier cenines
in Febraary, when the plants were four years old,
Stem and larger branches ligneous, and clothed with spon-
gy, uneven, ash-coloured bark ; twining over trees &c. to the
extent of several fathoms ; young shoots smooth, deep green; —
every part, on being wounded, discharges a large qaanpry
of dull-coloured, clammy juice, which instantly ecomes of
a deep brown colour, Leaves long-petic ate, entire
‘smooth on both sides, from three to six spobes lope, and i near-
aN as broad. : ‘Peduncles axillary, smooth, many-flowered ;
a mes terminal and panicled ; pedicels clavate. Flowers
rather small ; the bottom of the bell deep purple; throat
‘pink with the margins pale, almost whites and lightly ee:
Da3
A70 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Convolvulus, °
lobed. Calyx consisting of five, smooth, obtuse, oval leaflets.
Filaments smooth. ‘Style longer than the stamina, Stigma
of two round lobes.
‘6. C. blandus, R. Herb. Banks.
Perennial, twining, smooth. Leaves oblong-cordate, smooth.
Stipules recurved. Peduncles as Jong as the petioles, many-
flowered. Lobes of the corol obcordate, — of two pee
lobes,
A native of the mountainous parts of the Circars,
~ Stem twining, running to a great extent, round, smooth.
Leaves alternate, petioled, oblong-cordate, pointed, entire,
smooth, from three to four inches Jong. Petioles short, chan-
nelled, smooth. Stipules small. Peduncles axillary, as long as
the petioles, erect, rigid, round, smooth, many-flowered, umbel-
- like. Flowers large, pure white ; lobes rounded, and ek
nate. Stigma two-lobed ; lobes globular :
Obs, There is a variety of this, if not a distinct species,
which differs from it in no other respect, than in being whol- —
ly covered with soft hairy down.
7. C, laurifolius, R.
Perennial, twining. Leaves from ovate to elliptic, with
simple and parallel veins, Peduneles axillary, ——— |
ed. Capsules fleshy. ©
A native of Mysore, and from thence introduced into the
Botanic garden at Calcutta by Dr. B. Heyne, bt it flow-—
ers in November. The seeds are ripe in March, =
"Stems woody towards the base, twining to a very considera-’
ble extent. Bark of the ligneous ‘parts smooth ; that of the’ ~
young shoots armed witli small, stiff, adpressed hairs. Leaves’
alternaie, petioled, from ovate to elliptic, with a few ad pressed © —
hairs scattered over both surfaces; véins simple ‘and parallel,
ength from two to six inches; Petiolesscarcely half the length’
phd Mls So ds at 'ihe'apex, and a
» Convolvulus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, A771
than the leaves, round, hairy, many-flowered, the divisions of-
‘ten accompanied witha leaf or two. Bractes small, hairy, ca-
ducous. Flowefs ofa moderate size, rosy. Calyx with equal,
ovate, rounded, smooth, segments; their margins coloured.
Corol ; tube or bell sub-cylindric; the inside deep purple; the
outsideand border pink ; lobes emarginate, and slightly se-
parated, Wectary a yellow, fleshy ring,surrounding the base
ofthe germ. laments inserted on the bottom of the bell of the
corol, there of a purple colour and bearded. Anthers ovate-
oblong. Germ sub-obovate. Stigma of two globular lobes.
Capsule nearly round, size of a large pea, fleshy, two-celled,
with two smooth seeds in each.
8. C, parviflorus. Willd. sp. pl. i. 856.
Annual, twining. Leaves cordate, smooth. Pedugelee as
Jong as the petioles, many-flowered ; lobes of the corol catia
ed, ~Stigina two-cleft, lobes oicmaea ; Pr
Ipomoea paniculata, Burm, Fl. Ind. p. 50. t. 21 ee 1.
(bad.). ., |
A native of hedges, ke. «Teer time the cool season.
Stems twining, annual, round, sometimes slightly hairy,
Leaves alternate, petioled, exactly cordate, entire, fine- point-
ed, sometimes very slightly hairy, from one to four inches long.
Peduneles axillary, rather longer than the petioles, erect, ma-
ny-flowered, umbel-bearing. Flowers pure white, lobes
acute. Stigma two, clubbed, revolute,
9, C, calycinus, R,
Perennial, twining, hairy. Leaves cordate, acute. Pedun-
cles from two to three-flowered. Exterior three leaflets of e
the calyx sagittate, ciliate, sakes as the. aici tube of the
ecorol. Fruit drooping. —
A native of the interior se init Saal Pareapore
Captain Hardwicke ’sent plants to the Botanic garden, where
they blossom about. the beginning of the cool season, :
ae twining, perennial ; tender shoots very hairy, Lec 36 me
Das
A72 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Convolvulus.
cordate; entire, acute; lobes large, and rounded, a few dis-
tinct hairs on the nerves and veins; from three to six inches
long, and from two to four broad. Petioles hairy, slightly
channelled, shorter than the leaves. Peduncles axillary, so
litary, about as long as the petioles, bearing two, or three al-
ternate,.pedicelled, rather small, pure white flowers ; after the
flowers drop, the pedicels become drooping. Bractes cordate,
a few scattered over the peduncles, and pedicels. Calyx,
leaflets as long as the tube, ciliate; the exterior sagittate. Fi-
laments smooth, Germ on a escent pedicel. Stigma “eh two
round lobes,
10. C, obscurus. Willd. sp. pl. i. 852.
Annual, filiform, sometimes villous. Leaves exactly cor-
date, entire. Peduncles jointed, clavate beyond the joint, af-
ter the flower decays this part droops ~~ lobes of
the corol emarginate. Seeds downy.
A native of various parts of India, lileadiniing 4 in Bengal
during the rainy and cool seasons. :
Obs. In Dillenitus’s figure of C..obseurus, which is the on-
ly species I_can compare this plant to, the lobes of the corol
areacute ; here they are emarginate, hence I conclude they are
different, In the Banksian herbarium either thine or one ——
like it is named C. se te
are Cc. spechorocephalus. R
axillary heads, i
A native of the interior panes of Sienna: Flsieatiag time
from the close of the rains in October till January. batten:
Root annual. Stem and branches twining, round ; young
shoots clothed with short soft hairs. Leaves sagittate-cordate, |
oste di lobes a and owned both fhe sides and a
Convolvulus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, A473
dunciles axillary, solitary, very short, or almost wanting, bear-
ing many small, rose-coloured, sessile flowers, formiag globu-
lar heads. Bractes or involucres many, linear, recurved,
Calyx, leaflets as long as the corol, hairy, tapering to a rather
long, recurved point, Corol having the border slightly mark-
ed wilh ten indentures. .Anthers half hid in the tube of the
corol,. Stigma of two round lobes. Capsule globular, villous, —
size of a marrow-fat pea, two-celled, with two ee
seeds in each.
Obs, There is a variety of the above, if not a distinct spe-
cies, with white flowers, in round sessile heads, and having
narrower leaves; in other respects they exactly agree; both
are natives of Bengal and both arenow growing luxuriantly in
the Botanic garden. Compare them with J; pombe ‘qoute
12, C. pilosus. R. :
‘Annual, twining, every part very hairy. ‘lieth de cor-
date, entire, or slightly three-lobed, hoary underneath, S¢i-
pules ear-shaped. Cymes long-peduncled. pe ota leaflets
and bractes ensiform and ciliate.
_A native of Mysore; the seeds were sent from thence by
Res Heyne, to the Botanic garden, where the plants spring
up during the rains; jbleasdtniny and ripening their seeds
Per the cold season, |
Annual, Stem and branches twining, extensive, oak
very hairy, every part replete with a clammy white juice.
Leaves broad-cordate, sometimes a little three-lobed, on the
upper side a little hairy and deep green, underneath clothed -
with soft white wool; length from two to six inches, breadth
nearly the same. Petioles about as long: as the leaves, chan-
nelled, and hairy. Stipules yeniform, with callous, ciliate
margins ; they are always present where there is a peduncle, —
Peduncles axillary, about as long as the petioles, bearing
from one to ten or twelve, small, rose-coloured, pedicelled
flowers. Bractes opposite, with a cordate, peduncle-clasp-
ing base; long, taper, recurved points; and ciliate, callous ~
ATA PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Convolvulus.
margins, Flowers numerous, of a lively pink colour, expand-
ing about an inch, Calyzx ; leaflets linear, acute, longer than.
the tube of the corol, on the outside glandular, and very hai-
ry. Stamens equalling the tube. Stigma of two round lobes.
Capsules globular, half the length of the calyx. Seeds four,
woolly.
13. C, Malcolmi. R.
Root perennial, Stems twining, farsateal Leaves ate
tate, with large, angular barbs. Peduncles two-flowered.
Bractes lanceolate. Stigma of two linear lobes,
The seeds of this plant were brought from Persia by Ma-
jor Malcolm, in 1801. . The plants raised from them in the
Botanic garden, blossomed during. the hot season of 1802,
when they were about one year old.
Root perennial. Stems and branchlets twining to an ex-
tent of six or eight feet; somewhat furrowed, twisted, and
villous, herbaceous, Leaves petioled, sagittate; margins a _
little hairy ; smooth on both sides, from one to three inches
long. Barbs or posterior lobes dilated, spreading, some- _
what acute, often dentate, and always angular. Peéioles
scarcely half the length of the leaves, channelled. Peduncles —
axillary, iieodoseretiin three times longer than the petioles, _
round, Pedicels clavate, as long as the petioles, villous. _
Bractes two, opposite, at the base of the pedicels, lanceolate.
. bre « ccsornaaacml fivale Corot large, ae sheansifel lively
Germ with a yellow ring round the base. - “Siyle} iocaes than if
the stamina. Stigma of two linear, spreading lobes...
Obs. 1 must leave the European Botanist to determine how -
nearly this is allied to arvensis, a Plant I have never seen ip
— if this be not it, _ weds (veetitco:ipaiebwiaeba t2
Jenggtit: Kalaails “villo ges Filam
MG dom Willy pi 8 canine
ca
Convolvulus. © PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAL~ AG5
dilated and dentate. —_Peduncles axillary, from one to two-
flowered. Leaflets of the calyx lanceolate, cuspidate:
Tala-Neli. Rheed. Mal. xi, 113. t. 55.
Found in various parts of India, in flower during the rainy
and cool seasons,
15, tridentatus. Willd. sp. pl. i, 848.
Annual, leaves short-petioled, sub-cuneate, with sagittate,
acutely dentate, posterior lobes, and a somewhat retuse, or
rounded tridentate apex. Peduneles filiform, one, rarely
_ two-flowered.
Evolvulus tridentus. Burm, Ind,77. t. 16. f. 3.
~ Sendera-clandi, Rheed, Mal, xi. 133. t. 65.
- Found common on the coast of Coromandel, Malabar, boss 2
F lowers EY the rainy season in Bengal. ey
16. C. bicolor. Willd. sp. pl. i, 850. — :
~~ Perennial, twining, hairy. . Leaves cordate, nid Ficsaiell
somewhat angular, downy. ‘Peduneles longer than the leaves, _
from one to four-flowered. Bractes lanceolar. Calycine ~
lets acute and very unequal,
—— Jurud-kulmi,.
~ Isa species common in hedges, &c. over the coast of Coro-
mandel, Flowers during the rains.
Stems twining, hevbadeons round, covered with soft hait; ‘
or down, from one to two fathoms long. ° Leaves alternate,
petioled, broad-cordate, sometimes slightly and irregularly
lobate, downy, from one to four inches long. Peduncles ax- —
illary, twice as long as the leaves, slender, erect, downy, end- _
ing in a small head of from two to four sessile flowers. Bractes
lanceolate, one or two pressing on each of the calyces. Flowers
middle-sized, yellow, bottom of the bell, deep purple. Stigma —
of two globular heads, — rss —— | Seeds
black, onein each cell,
Obs, Since writing the siege daserijiéon I have often
met with plants, having one, and two-flowered peduncles, It is
ri, ae
gz
476 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Convolvulus.
therefore very likely that those varieties include both C. ity
lobatus, and bicolor,
17. C. Turpethum. Wiild. sp. pl. i, 859.
Perennial. Leaves from broad-cordate, to arrow-shaped,
angular. Stems three or four-angled, Peduneles many-
flowered. Stigma of two round lobes, Capsules inflated,
transparent, four-celled, one-valved,
Sans, Synonyma.
Beng, Teoree, Dood kulmi,
' Teling. Tella-tagada.
Common in hedges, &c, Flowering time the rainy 8 season.
Root perennial. Stems twining, several fathoms long, from
three to four-sided, angles membrane-winged, a little downy,
perennial, Leaves alternate, petioled, form various, from cor-
date to linear, all are pointed, and lobate, or angular ; behind
a little downy. Stipules none, but instead thereof glands, Pe-
duncies axillary, many-flowered. Flowers large, white. Brac-
tes oval, concave, falling. Germ elevated on alarge glandular
body. Stigma two-lobed. Capsules involved in the dry calyx,
absolutely four-sided, four-celled, one-valved ; apex trans-
parent, Seeds round, black, one in each cell, free, «a
Obs. The bark of the roots is by the natives employed as
@ purgative, which they use fresh, rubbed up with milk.
7 ‘About six inches in length of a root as thick as the little fin- _
"2 get ats peckoety a Comp dose. Cattle fo.not eat ei pisat |
‘SECT. Ir. 1. Twining » aatk divided « or apo ty Leaves, eit:
18, C. vitifolius. Wilid, sp. pl. i. 864. voy
Perennial, twining, hairy. Leaves cordate, five-lobed, ser-
rulate-dentate, Peduncles as long as the leaves, from three
to six-flowered. Leaflets of the calyx obovate,
A native of Enh and forests ; Pegi in the cold ait
Convolvulus, || PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, | A77
fathoms long, the extremities of the branches are often high-
ly coloured, and less hairy than the other parts. Leaves al-
ternate, petioled, broad-cordate, frequently five-lobed, re-
motely serrate-dentate, a little downy ; size very various, be-
ing from one to six inches long. Petioles of the longer infe-
rior leaves equalling these in length; those of the floral
leaves short. Peduncles axillary, about as long as the floral
leaves, from three to six-flowered. Flowers large, bell-shaped,
very beautiful, of a bright lively yellow, Calyx hairy. An-
thers becoming spiral after opening the extremities, Stig-
‘ma of two round lobes.
“19, €. dentatus. Willd. sp. pl. i. 849, 3
Twining, and creeping, muricated, Leaves cordate, three-
lobed, dentate, Peduncles from two to three-flowered. ‘Leaf-
lets of the calyx obovate. —
In Bengal it is more luxuriant than on the coast, leaves ge-
nerally entire, stems, &c, generally smooth, and with foirer,
many-flowered peduncles.
Teling. Talla-antootiga.
. Anative of hedges, thickets, &c. Flowering time the rainy
season, — 7
Stems and Dantles twining, or creeping, filiform, often per-
ennial, coloured, armed with small inoffensive prickles, other-
wise smooth, one or two fathoms long. Leaves alternate, peti-
oled, cordate, three-lobed, toothed, smooth, from one to two
inches long. Petioles prickly, branch-like. Peduncles axil-
lary, as long as the petioles, and like them, from two to three-
flowered. Flowers short-pedicelled, small, yellow. Filaments
sists at the base, Stigma single, large ®, globular. a
.
20. C. copticus. Willd. sp. pli i, 863.
Herbaceous, procumbent, angled. Tae ielante, Eobes
Sardosotate: serrate, Flowers terminal, on minute branchlets.
Calyces 1 murexed,
‘A native of pasture ground, Swett in the rains,
478 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Convolvulus,
Stems procumbent, rarely twining, herbaceous, angled
from the insertion of the leaves, from one to two feet long.
Leaves alternate, short-petioled, palmate, scarcely an inch
long, lobes from five to seven, divided to near the base, lan-—
ceolate, serrate, smooth, the inner ones smallest. Stipules *
like the leaves, but small, and ‘sessile. Flowers terminal,
small, white. Calya murexed. Lobes of the corol semi-or-
bicular with a point.
_. 21. C. paniculatus, Willd. sp. pl. i, 865.
_ Root tuberous, perennial, twining, smooth. Leaves pal-
mate, Cymes ane ee — four-celled.. Seeds
woolly,
Pal-modecea, Rheed. Mal, xi. 101. ¢. 49, epic Mo-
decea. Rheed, Mal. viii, 39, t. 29.) —
Ipomoea mauritiana, Jacq. Collect. iv. 206.
Beng. Bhoomi-koomra, Se
Teling. Matta-pal-tiga.
A native of hedges, thickets, &c. Flowering time the wet
season, ey
_ Root perennial, tuberous. Stems and branches perennial ;
young shoots round and smooth, Leaves alternate, petioled ;
palmate, from three to six inches each way. Lobes generally
five, divided little more than half way down, broad-lanceo-
late, entire, smooth. Peduneles axillary, erect, as long.as
~ _fhe petioles, : sub-umbel-bearing. | Flowers numerous, large,
of a beautiful dark reddish b nara femee capers |
‘Seeds woolly, all round.
Obs, Cattle eat it, The r root is eohete ind as muah used ,
by the natives where is grows, si
22. pedatus. R.
_.. Perennial, twining, smooth. Leaves oeilaie-sdeeietacdale:
Jets, lanceolate, entire. Stipules Aver rive Redan cle
" one- ercoreds and etait as warted. ‘
Convolvulus. _PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. A79
the Botanic garden amongst plants received from friends in
the vicinity of Calcutta. The flowers appear in profusion
during the cool season; they are pretty large, of a bright
sulphur colour and the stigma is of two round lobes.
23,0: sligititbscol
. Perennial, twining, tina Leaves digitate. ines
cles from three to four-flowered, Coro/s almost funnel-shap-
ed. Siigmas of tworound lobes, Seeds woolly on the con-
vex side. ‘ae ;
A native of hedges, &c. Flowering time the cold season.
_ Stems and branches twining, perennial, round, with here
and there a few small inoffensive prickles. Leaves alternate,
petioled, digitate. Leaflets generally five, broad-lanceolate,
entire, smooth, the inferior ones smallest. | Petioles channel-
led, armed as the branches, as long as the leaflets, Pedun-
eles axillary, about as long as the petioles, from three to four-
flowered. lowers pretty large, between campanulate and
funnel-formed, a pale bluish purple. Stigma two-lobed.
Seeds woolly on their outer angles.
ae This i is one of the most beautiful Convolvuli in India,
“ea, ‘hisses: R. ,
Annual, twining, extremely hirsute, Leaves digiiatss leaf.
lets five, sessile, broad-lanceolate, entire. Peduncles from
one to three-flowered. Calyx very hairy, entirely hiding, un-
til ripe, the cordate, smooth, four-celled capsule.
A native of the interior parts of Hindoosthan; —-
time the close of the rains, and cold season,
Stem and branches annual, twining, ity: daideltey phnice
somewhat bristly, issuing from little brown glands; general
extent of the plant from six to twelve feet. — Lotiien’ petioled,
digitate. Leaflets five, sessile, lanceolar, acute, entire, hairy,
‘about three inches long by one broad. Petioles round, as
long as the leaflets, hirsute. Peduncles axillary, sometimes
as long as the petioles, hirsute, bearing from one to three,
a
A80 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Convolvulus. —
rarely more, middle-sized, pure white flowers, on long hirsute, —
proper pedicels. Bractes at the base of the pedicels only,
sub-lanceolate, recurved, hairy. Leaflets of the calyx oblong,
permanent; the exterior three large, and extremely bstxites
Corol campanulate, white ; tube as long as the calyx, Sta-
mens smooth, Stigma of two round lobes. Capsule broad-
cordate ; valves thin, and smooth on both sides, Seeds three
or four, smooth.
25. C. heptaphyllus. R
_ Perennial, twining, sabi Leaves digitate ; leaflets se-
ven, lanceolar, entire. Peduncles filiform, mite, ween
one, rarely three-flowered,
Of what part of India this is a native I cannot certain! y say.
It has appeared in one of the nurseries in the Botanic garden
at Calcutta. The seed was most likely received accidentally
with some other sorts. Here it flowers during the latter part
of the rains, and cold season.
__ Stems and branches twining, perennial, long, dass round —
and smooth, Leaves petioled, digitate ; leaflets generally se-
yen, sessile, lanceolar, entire, smooth ; from one to two inches
Jong. Petioles slightly channelled, length of the leaflets. Pe-
_ duncles axillary, solitary, very slender (filiform), twisted,
pendulous, longer than the petioles, generally one-flowered,
rarely two or three, though three seems the natural number,
and the two lateral ones for the most part prove abortive.
-Bractes few, and minute. - Calyx ; leaflets ovate, ragose on
the outsides, Coro! small, pale pink, with the bottom of the
bell deeper coloured. Stigma of two round lobes,
Obs. A beautiful, delicate, though extensive plant, and un-
commonly interesting on account ofits slender, pendulous, spi-
ral peduncles, with its pretty, small pink flowers, standing
_ £rect on its thickened, curved apex,
aes Py
Convolvulus, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 481
_ SECT. III. Prostrate, or creeping ; not twining,
~ 26. C. reniformis, R
Perennial, very ramous, and Grocpingtcloas on the ground,
Leaves reniform, emarginate, long-petioled, Peduneles ma-
_ ny-flowered, Inner three leaflets of the calyx Heo-lobed,
and ciliate.. Lobes of the corol bifid,
A native of Bengal. Flowering time the cool season,
Burman’s figure of Evolvulus emarginatus, Flora Indica, 77.
t, 30. f. 1, is very much like this; if the flowers were more
numerous, and their petioles longer, I should consider them
the same; they ought to be compared, when an opportunity
offers.
_ Stems and branches numerous, always creeping flat on the
ground, and striking innumerable roots from the joints,
smooth, and slender as a pack-thread, Leaves long-petioled,
reniform, emarginate, and often. slightly scollop-toothed,
smooth ; size very various ; often of a dark ferruginous colour,
Petioles longer than the leaves, smooth. Peduncles axillary,
| much shorter. than the petioles, many-flowered. Flowers
sub-sessile, very small, bright yellow, opening late in the
forenoon, and shutting early in the evening. Calyx the two
exterior | leaflets eualler, oblong, and pointed ; the inner three
broad, wedge-shaped, with a ciliate, two-lobed, apex. Corol
_ with its five lobes deeply divided, Filaments smooth, Stig-
ma two-lobed ; lobes roundish, Capsule round, size of a small
; pea, rather oe than the calyx, tomentose, two-celled,
Seeds light brown, minutely dotted,
Obs. In some soils it is found sey of a dark : pprple or
ferruginous colour. RES er Smee ee eR ie: Ree eae
aad. C. flagelliformis. Re ee MOR tara, gore B
"Perennial, creeping. i pie reniform, pes smooth,
with 40d glands at the base. Peduncles from three to five-
flowered. Calyx transversely rugose. Stigma transversely
- oval, somewhat two-lobed,
= VOL, I.. Ee
482. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, = Convolvulus,
Bel-Adamboe, Rheed. Mal. xi. p. 119. t. 58. may be this
plant though in some respects they will be found to differ a
little.
Ipomoea repens. Lamarck illust. i, 497.
A native of the Mysore country, from thence the seeds —
were sent by Dr. B. Heyne to the Botanic garden, where the
plants thrive luxuriantly, and are in blossom most part of the
year.
Stem and branches creeping, perennial, long, simple, slen-
der, and smooth. Leaves reniform, or cordate-reniform, with
a small terminal bristle for a point, smooth on both sides, and
as in C. brasiliensis, having two glands on the under side of
the base; breadth from two to three inches, and the length
considerably less. Petioles as long as the leaves, channelled,
swelled at the insertion, and there marked with some glan-
dular knobs. Peduncles axillary, solitary, larger than the
petioles, round, smooth, bearing from three to six, large, pure
white flowers, Leaflets of the calyx ovate, fleshy ; outside
transversely rugose. Stigma of one, transversely oval, large
lobe. Capsule with generally four, light brown, smooth seeds,
28. C, repens, Willd. sp, pl. i. 874.
Annual, creeping, or floating, piped, smooth. Leaves hs
long-cordate, posterior lobes angular, Peduncles shorter
than the’petioles, from three to six-flowered, Corol sub-in-
fundibuliform,
~ Ballel. Rheed, Mal. xi, p. 107. 1.52. igs
Olus-vagum, Rumph. Amb. y. 419. t. 158. f. i
C. reptans, Willd. sp. pl i, 875. is probably ipl
or a variety of it,
Beng. Kulmi-shak.
Teling. Tootie-kura, )
A native of standing sweet wale: 4 or places. hee water
lately stood, very common, Epes
Biigal creeping, or floating on the water, anna or bi ‘ie 1
Convolvulus. | PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 483
Leaves alternate, long-petioled, oblong-cordate, pointed, en-
tire, smooth, from four to six inches long. Peduncles axillary,
erect, round, smooth, from three to six-flowered. Flowers
large, beautiful rose colour. Lobes triangular. Tube of the
corol between bell and funnel form, Base of the filaments
woolly. Stigma two-headed.
Obs. The tender tops and leaves are eaten in stews by all
ranks of the natives, and much esteemed.
29. C. Batatas. Willd. sp. pl. i. 853.
Root tuberous, Stems creeping, rarely twining. Leaves
cordate, angle-lobed. Peduncle many-flowered. Segments
_ of the calyx oblong, smooth, acute.
Beng. Lal-shukur-kwnda-aloo, the red variety ; and Suf-
fet-shukor-kunda-aloo, the white. ;
Kappa-kelengu. Rheed, Mal, vii. 95. t. 50. ;
The red sort is in very general cultivation all over the
warmer parts of Asia and very deservedly esteemed one of
their most palatable and nutritious roots, I suspect C. edulis,
Thunb, japan, oe, is the same or a variety.
30. C. ‘ain. Bh i
Annual, or biennial, creeping. Leaves linear-lanceolate,
pees Peduncles longer than the petioles, from one to
four-flowered. Calyx smooth. Capsules one-celled, four-
seeded,
A native of the dry lands of Dinagepore and Rungpore,
from thence the seeds were sent, by Dr. Carey, to the Bota-
nic garden at Calcutta, where Hey. blossom during. th the cold
season.
Root generally annual, though : sometimes iipunsl, ay ;
I cannot say there is any thing like one, but numerous,
slender, , round, cespitose, somewhat villous, and, in some parts,
even hairy branches, spread close on the earth, and strike
root; length of the larger branches from one to three feet,
: Leaves petioled, linear-lanceolate, smooth, entire, from two
Ee2
484” . PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, —- Convolvulus.
three inches Jong, and less than half an inch broad. Peti-
oles clothed with long, soft, brown hairs, | Peduncle axilla-
ry, longer than the petioles, hairy near the base, bearing from
one to four, small, very pale-yellow, flowers, but when one,
or two, these are accompanied with the rudiment of one or:
two more, and some small, cordate smooth bractes. Calyx;
leaflets oval, equal, smooth, concave, with callous, smooth,
dark green margins. Stigma of two round lobes. Capsiiles
globular, smooth, size of a pea, one-celled, aed es
Sed gppoth, deep brown.
“31. C: stipulaceus. R. 3
| Creeping, smooth, with apices twining. Leaves cordate-
sagittate, with lobes repand. Stipules recurved, Peduncles
many-flowered. Calyx smooth. Lobes of the corol obcor-
date. Seed woolly.
A native of Chittagong, sent from thence by Mr. W. Rox-
burgh to the Botanic garden at Calcutta, where it flowers
about the beginning of the hot season. ‘
_ Root perennial. Stem and branches creeping, round,
smooth, extremities twining ; length from one to two fathoms, —
or even more, Leaves petioled, cordate-sagittate, with pos-
terior lobes (barbs) often repand, smooth on: both sides,
point rather obtuse, with a minute bristle ; length from two to’
three inches. Petioles channelled, from one to two inches long.
Stipules two, stout, inoffensive, non acute, at the base’
the pet luncles ‘axillary, so! » about’as long as
the petioles, round smooth, somewhat clavate, searing from —
three to six or even more, large, pure white flowers. Pedi- _
cels clavate, shorter than the peduncles, round, smooth. Ca-
lyx; leaflets ovate, equal, concave, smooth, and somewhat
transparent. Corol ; lobes of the border large, obcordate.
Neetary a pentagonal cup surrounding the base of the germ.
Convolvulus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 485
32. C. pentagonus, R.-
Perennial, angular, creeping. Leaves cordate daisiitede:
with the posterior lobes rounded, but somewhat angular.
Peduncles rigid, umbelliferous. Calyx smooth. Lobes of
the corol circular] Seeds hairy. :
__ A native of the Moluccas; and from thence introduced in-
to, the Botanic garden at Calcutta in 1800; where it blos-
soms during the cold and hot seasons.
- Root perennial. Stems and branches creeping, pentan-
Gabi: young parts villous, and sometimes twining, though
not readily ; length of the whole plant from two to three fa-
thoms. Leaves petioled, the lower ones broad-cordate-sagit-
tate; the superior ones narrow-sagittate ; in all the posterior
lobes are large, and rounded, though frequently a little an-
gular; margins generally entire; both sides very villous;
length from one to four inches, Petioles scarcely half the
length of the leaves, channelled, villous, at the base swelled
on-each side into two glandular, stipulary knobs, Peduncles
axillary, solitary, erect, rigid, clavate, villous, about as long
as the petioles, supporting a trichotomous, corymbiform um-
bel, of many, pretty large, pure white, inodorous flowers, Pe-
' dicels shorter than the peduncles, but like them clavate, and
villous, Bractes many, caducous, and of various sizes,
Calyx ; leaflets oval, concave, slightly villous, much shorter
than the tube of the corol, Corol perfectly campanulate.
Border divided into five semi-circular lobes. Stamina hid
in the tube. Style about as long as the stamens, of two
round lobes. Seed dark-brownish black, and covered. with
much soft hair, of the same Solem. ee a a
33, C. bilobatus, R.
_ Perennial, creeping. Leaves seclobad, smooth. Pedun-
oh. from threo to six-flowered. ace aeinem
Seed woolly,
_ Convolvulus marinus. Resi Amb. v. 433. t) 159, op 1.
' A native of the Moluccas, from whence the roots were ae
Ee3
486 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Convolvulus.
brought to the Rotanke garden at Calcutta, amongst the earth
in which some spice plants came. They bloga during the
hot season,
Stems and branches creeping, perennial, striking root at
the joints chiefly ; young shoots smooth, polished, pale green;
Jength from one to three fathoms. Leaves, petioles erect, two- -
lobed, or of a deeply emarginate, round, obcordate shape,
margins entire, and very smooth on both sides, about three
inches long, by two and a half broad! Petioles round, slight-
ly channelled, smooth, with two very conspicuous reddish
glands at the apex. Peduncles axillary, erect, slender and
longer than the petioles; bearing from one to seven, or even
nine, large, purple flowers on their proper, clavate striated,
pedicels. Calyx ; leaflets ovate, somewhat three-ribbed, and
transversely rugose. MNeclary, a glandular ring round the
base of the germ. Filaments enlarged, woolly at the base.
Stigma of two round lobes. Capsules vertically compressed,
smooth, lined with a tough pellicle. ‘Seed clothed with much
soft, short, dark brown hair. : °
_. Obs. A variety, if not a distinct species has been reared in
this garden, from seed received from China. It flowers in
April and May; the peduncles one-flowered, the leaflets of
the calyx scarcely rugose, with subulate points ; when wound-
ed milky. In size, colene of Aho Rowers sisi ge. ia
are the same,
sh. cc Pes-capre. Willd. sp. A i, 876. aah
1 Detenniel: creeping to a great extent, Leaves Lange ppeicl-
ed, two-lobed, smooth, at the base two glands, “Peduncles
axillary, solitary, one or two-flowered. ;
Beng. Chhagul-khooree, i bs
Hind. Dopati-luta. ak il
~ Schovanna-Adamboe. Rheed. Mal. xi. 117. 4. Bre )
: A native of the sandy shores of India ; where. it blossoms ae
and ri pens its seed most marist este ue isis BiBER. vad cs
Lettsomia, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, _ 487
creeping to a very great extent over the sandy shores of the
sea coasts, where the plant is chiefly found. Leaves long-
petioled, deeply two-lobed, smooth, with two large coloured
glands at the base. Peduneles axillary, wolltsey, length of
the leaves, generally one or two-flowered. Flowers large,
-red-purple. Calyz ; leaflets oblong, acute, transversely ru-
- gose on the outside toward the base. Stigma of two round
lobes. Seeds densely clothed with a dark brown, pane
pubescence,
Obs. This plant is very useful where it naturally grows,
he] ping to bind the loose sands, and in time render it suffici-
eit stable to bear fare. Goats, horses, and rabbits eat it,
LETTSOMLA. R.
Calyx five-leaved. Corol from campanulate to infundibu-
liform, Germ two-celled. Stigma two-lobed. Berry dry :
or succulent, two-celled ; cells one or two-seeded, innag
erect, curved ; centeleliak corrugated.
In honour of John Coakley Lettsom, M. D. F. Ss. A. au-
thor of numerous valuable works, which more than prove him.
fell entitled to this mark of respect. !
- The genus is composed of very powerful, extensive, twin-
ing, perennial, lactescent plants; with simple leaves and:
axillary inflorescence.
SECT. I. Corols campanulate.
1. L, splendens. R. '
_ Perennial, twining. Leaves cordate-oblong, ocala, vein-
ed, sericeous underneath. Corymbs axillary. — Berry high-
‘ly coloured and embraced by the permanent crimson calyx,
A most beautiful plant, far exceeding every other species
I have yet met with ; a native of Chittagong, where it blos-
suns an ripns its seeds at various times of the year, ;
eee tae ‘ Ee Y ‘ oe?
_
488 -PENTANDRIA MONOGYNTA, Lettsomia.
2. L. aggregata. Ro :.
Perennial, twining. Leaves echt saatlty: aniderseth.
Peduncles axillary, supporting four sessile heads of invo-
lucred flowers. Stigma and style much longer than the
corol. Berry four-seeded. :
~ Teling. Yerra-kutha.
A native of various parts of the coast of Coromandel,
Flowering time the cool season; seed ripe in March and
April.
Stems ligneous, twining to a great extent; young shoots
round, clothed with soft, white pubescence; and discharg-
inga milky juice when wounded. Leaves petioled, round:
cordate, entire, smooth above, woolly underneath ; from three
to six inches long, and from two to five broad. Peduncles
axillary, generally solitary, longer than the petioles, round,
woolly ; each supporting an umbellet of four, cruciform, ses-
sile heads of small, pink-coloured, sessile flowers with a sin-
gle sessile one in the centre; surrounded with several, round-
ish woolly bractes, (involucres,) with incurved margins,
Calyx ; leaflets unequal, cuneiform, woolly on the outside.
Corel campanulate. Border deeply cut into five, emargi-
nate lobes, Stamina much longer than the corol, and of the
same colour, Germ surrounded with a particularly large,
‘yellow, nectarial ring. Style as long as the stamina. Stig-
ma of two, large, round lobes. Berry round, covered with
a soft, tough, smooth, fleshy, bright red envelope, about
the size of a marrow-fat pea, two-celled, with two seeds in
each, when all come to maturity. ~The remaining calyx is
now enlarged, and clothed on the outside with sericeous
down, while the smooth bright red, inner surface thereof
adds much to the beauty of this elegant species when in
fruit, Seeds smooth, pale ash-coloured. Embryo asin the
Letisomia, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA; > 489
date, sericeous ynderneath, veins parallel,, Peduneles long-
er than the petioles, umbelliferous, Stigma round, of two
lobes. Capsules one-valved, one-celled,
Convolvulus nervus. Burm. Ind. 48, t. 20. f. 1.
Samudra-stjogam. Rheed. Mal. xi, 125. iab. 61.
Beng. Bis-taruka. |
- Teling. Kokayti.
- A ‘native of forests, hedges, &c. it is one of the lengua
species of the Convolvulacea I know. Flowering time the
wet and cold seasons.
Stems twining, woody, of a very great length, running -
over the highest trees; young parts covered with white silky
down. Leaves petioled, broad-cordate, entire; many large,
distinct, opposite nerves running parallel; the upperside
pretty smooth, the under side covered with niuch soft, white
silky hair; from four to twelve inches each way. Petioles
shorter than the leaves, tapering, round, at the apex on each
side is a large, flat, scabrous, dark-coloured gland, Pedun-
cles axillary, like the petioles, but longer, bearing an erect
umbel, of many flowers. Flowers large, of a deep rose-co-
lour. Bractes many, large, oval, white, waved, pointed,
caducous. Stigma two, globular. Berry globular, smooth,
entire, not opening in a regular manner, but ——- to.
pieces. )
_ Obs. Seeds received from Buglendi sent to me He be late
Honourable Charles Greville, under the name Convolvulus
speciosus, produced this identical plant, Stigma, &c. Ke,
peeey the same as in the original Bengal nines Ke
fds L. argenteag Beeb) 287) wht iat
_ Perennial, twining. Leaves aia i eeieed, aot
ceous underneath. Peduncles, as lonaee the petigies, lealys
bractes lanceolate, sericeous,
_ Found in forests about Calcutta, never saw it on the
: ‘coast of Coromandel. _ ks
Beng. Sumoodra-shoka, chhota Bistaruka,. ihe
490 _ PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Lettsomia.
Stems twining, perennial. Leaves petiolgd, broad-cordate,
entire, with many parallel veins, as in C, ne, vosa ; the upper
side pale green, with depressed hairs, the under side covered
with much bright, silver-coloured, silky down; about four
inches long each way. Petioles erect, round, hairy, length
of ‘the leaves; at the apex on each side is a green gland, as
in C. nervosus. Peduncles axillary, erect, round, hairy,
umbel-bearing, Bractes lanceolate, silky. Flowers many,
large, of a beautiful rich pink colour. WVectary, a fleshy -
_ ring round the base of the germ. Stamens, base of the fila-
ments woolly. Berry soft, and pulpy, four-seeded.
‘Obs, The following marks distinguish this species — :
ee to which it is nearly —
~-Jst. The leaf-bearing umbel.
2d, The bractes, In this species they are lanceolate, and
not waved, in that oval and much waved.
3d. The flowers of this species are larger, and the leaves
much smaller than in that.
- Ath. Here the veins are few, and alternate ; there me
lange and opposite.
5th. This produces a soft berry; that a perfectly dry cap-
5. L, setosa, R.
~ Perennial, twining, tender parts armed with adpressed bris-
tles. Leaves round-cordate, acuminate, parallel-veined, scaly
tinderneath. Peduncles panicled. Corols exactly campanu-
late, with a small, sub-entire border, Berry: hid in the large,
fleshy calyx.
A native of the northern Circars, Flowetinge time the ae
ay months of December and January. oa
Stems ligneous, twining. Branches numerous ; young —
saad clothed with stiff, short, silvery, adpressed bristles,
Leaves © emer Fouad cordate, entire, acctiainiatess pe ae
Lettsomia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. _ 491
cid scales and a few remote, adpressed, stiff hairs ; from two
_ to eight inches long, and nearly the same in breadth. Peti~
oles considerably shorter than the leaves, bristly. Panicles
axillary, solitary, long-peduncled, corymbiform. Peduncles
and ramifications whitish, with numerous, adpressed, whitish
bristles, Flowers numerous, pretty large, sessile on the ra-
mifications of the panicle, pink-coloured. Bractes several
round the base of each calyx, like a calycle, oval, concave,
rigid, bristly. Calyx ; leaflets oval, obtuse, nearly equal,
permanent; the outside bristly. Tube of the corol exactly
campanulate, the outside somewhat bristly, Border almost
entire, spreading, Germ, the lower half invested in a large
yellow ring. Style about as long as the stamina, Stigma
of two round lobes. Berry ovate, smooth, shining red, Hid
within the leaflets of the permanent calyx. )
_6.L. striyosa. R,
Perennial, twining, every part ceed with harsh brown
hairs. Leaves cordate, entire, with many parallel nerves. Pe-
duncles elongated. Flowers aggregate.
A native of the eastern part of Bengal, ia from thenee
sent to the Botanic garden at Calcutta, by Dr. Buchanan,
Blossoms about the close of the rains,
Stem woody, twining up, and over high trees. Bark rough,
Young shoots very hairy. Leaves alternate, petioled, cor-
date, entire, nerves many, and parallel, very hairy on both
sides; from four to six inches long, and three or four broad,
Peduncles axillary, round, hairy, longer than the petioles,
each supporting a few large, sessile, rose-coloured, ¢ cam anu~
late flowers, surrounded with many broad-lanceolate h ui
bractes. Stigma of two, » Ine globular Oe ees
eS Toe
| en ni l inf ae. ‘cunéato-emarginate ; villous
wrleesith Peduncles three-flowered, much shorter than
492 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, _Lettsomia,
- Convolvulus cuneatus, Willd. spec. i. 873...
‘ Some plants of this uncommonly elegant species, were
brought from the Mysore country, by General Martin in 1792.
He gave one'of them to the Botanicgarden at Caleutta, which
has been multiplied by layers, and blossoms about the close
of the rains in September, and October.
Stems woody, twining, of very considerable extent. Bark
smooth, dark grey. Young shoots covered with short depress-
ed hairs. Leaves alternate, short-petioled, cuneate, emargi-
nate, entire, smooth above, a little hairy underneath ; general
length about two inches. Peduneles axillary, solitary, three-
flowered, round, villous, about three quarters of an inch long.
Pedicels shorter than the peduncles, always consisting of an
opposite incurved pair, with a solitary shorter one in the cen-
tre. Bractes linear.’ Calyx, leaflets ovate, a little villous.
Corol large, of a beautiful deep bright purple colour. Tube
ample; the five lobes of the border emarginate, which makes
the whole appear ten-lobed. .Nectary, a fleshy ring round
the base of the germ. Filaments broad, and hairy, at the
base. Stigma of two, round heads. Berry oblong, dry, one-
celled, Seeds from one to four, peas ina little dry il
_naceous matter,
Obs. This when in blossom, is one of the most beantifal of
the whole order ; the large, very bright, deep purple flowers
make it particularly conspicuous amongst its own deep green
win =e this is much augmented by making it run over
8. ie eymosa, R. ne
Perennial, twming. Leaves round, reniform- ooblaaali Pe-
duncles larger than the leaves. Flowers many, in an: ‘involu-
ered, dense cyme, Berry globular. ’ ee
An extensive, stout, perennial, twining plant, sini
. the: oa ns 3; from Wynaad. the seeds were sent,
ensOn, PAT Rese ale
eee ik OES
S
Betteomia, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, — 493.
where the plant flowers during the cold season. The ea
ripen four or five months afterwards, . 3
_ Stem and large branches woody, twining ; young shits vils
lous. Leaves round, reniform-cordate, villous; from three to
four inches long, and from three to five broad. Peduneles
axillary, solitary, generally longer than the leaves, each sup-
porting a yellowish, dense cyme of many sub-sessile, large,
pale pink flowers; embraced by one or more unequal small
leaves, the largest of which are shaped like the other leaves,
and peduncled ; the smaller ones nearly round, and sessile.
Calyx, the exterior leaflets nearly round ; the inner ones ovate-
oblong ; all are more or less recurved, and villous. Corol sub-
infundibuliform, the outside villous, Sty/e much longer than
the stamens. Stigma of two round, bright purple lobes.
Berry smooth, yellow, soft, pulpy, round, size of asmall cher-
ty; with from one to four, smooth, white seeds, Seeds and:
embryo as in other convolvulacee, viz. a descending radicle
with the lobes irregularly folded, and invested while fresh,
in desea pone! same Seta ) 8
OL Te plod R. arse
© Perennial, twining. aes ekndcerdite, emarginate,
-Peduneles dichotomous, from three to five,or scorcenilioreits
Bractes ‘cuneate, Berry succulent, four-seeded.. fy
~ Tpomoea zeylamica, Gert. carp. ii. 482. t..178.
- A native of Mysore, from thence the seeds were sent by -
Dr. Buchanan to the Botanic garden, where the plants thrive
well, and blossom during the hot and soe Seasons me suite
py. about eight months afterwards, Boe
Stems twining, ligneous, as shisk-oahenieuacotie
parts covered with tolerably smooth, ash-coloured bark,
Branches mauris, oe very extensive young shoots
cordat with the: nerf waved, iisiaiaeies both nidlde
clothed with short hair; veins almost simple and parallel
Jength from two to four inches, the breadth nearly equal to ~
494 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNTA. Lettsomia,
the length. Petioles round, shorter than the leaves, hairy ;
an obscure green gland on each side of the apex. Pedun-
_ cles axillary, solitary, longer than the petioles, round, hairy,
dichotomous ; each division bearing one, two, or three large
rose-coloured flowers, with one in the fork, Bractes several,
cuneate, hairy. Calyx ; leaflets oval, obtuse. Corol, tabe
somew hat gibbous, a little hairy on ‘the outside. Stigma of
_ two round lobes, Berry spherical, smooth, size of a cher?
ry, when ripe yellow, consisting of soft yellow pulp, contain-
ane pee large, roundish, saniobily white seeds,
SECT. II. Corol infundibuliform. -
10, L. bona-nox. R. ; poe
. Perennial, twining, Leaves round-cordate. | Peduneles
three-flowered; stigma of two cylindric lobes. Berry drys
ovate-oblong, one-celled, from one to four-seeded, 6 6
. Beng. Kulmi-luta. oP ely ier
Clove-scented creeper. Asiat. Res. iv. 957. ;
_ Midnapore creeper, its common English name.
_ Ipomoea bona-nox. Gert. carp. ii, 247. t. 134..agrees bet-
pa with the seed vessel of convolvulus nervosus, Burm. —
of this species,
A native of the forests of Midnapore in Doneel flowers
drive tl the rains. Seed = in November, aayesolonss ~~
Sten eth ity sii ‘laos as. . thick ciintcadidinainasiamr® :
ed with spongy, cracked, dull ash-coloured bark, ‘Branches
and branchlets twining up and over large trees, to a great:
extent ; tender shoots somewhat hairy. Leaves long-petiol-
ed, round, and round-cordate, entire, bristle-pointed, though
obtuse, or even emarginate ; somewhat villous, particularly.
_ underneath, and there, while young, hoary; length from
_ three to six inches; breadth nearly the same. | raalente
Lettsomia, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNTA, 495
ally. shorter than the petioles, three-flowered, though fre-
quently one of the three, or even two of them, are abortive.
Flowers short-pedicelled, large, pure white, expanding at -
sun-set, and perfuming the air to a considerable distance with
a fragrance resembling that of the finest cloves. In fact it is
the Prince of the Convolvulacée. Bractes sub-lanceolate,
three to each of the lateral flowers. Calyeme leaflets ovate-
cordate, obtuse, a little hairy. Corol; tube cylindric; bor-
der ample and nearly entire. Filaments woolly at the base.
Germ surrounded with a yellow nectarial ring, ovate, four-
celled, with one ovulum in each cell, attached to its lower,
inner, angle. Stigma composed of two distinct, cylindric,
glandular lobes. Berry dry, smooth, shining brown, ovate-
oblong in our cultivated plants ; somewhat pointed, size of a
filbert, one-celled. Seeds from. one to four ; in our gardens
one is by far the most common number; ‘enveloped in a soft,
white, spongy substance, which in drying separates from the
inside of the pericarpium and adheres to the seed, which is
of an oval shape, and about the size of a small pea. Integu-
ments two, besides the exterior spongy lamina; the exterior
one hard and tough; the interior one sclestbiratlneeous, and
entering the folds of the cotyledons. Embryo as in the pers
convolvulacee, i
_ Obs; The trivial name bona-noz is well applied hereon ac:
- count of the charming appearance, and delightful fragrance
of its flowers from the time they first expand, about sun-set,
until sun-rise, when they wither. But I doubt if it is the species
to which Linneeus gave this name; I rather think it was that —
which I now call ae prandifore bie soe a ae |
Van pa8H ae
un L. sniftorai'R ms
nnial, twining, ie “Leaves reniforn-cordete, net,
apiece treed ‘Berry dry, spherical,
3 sec candicans. Rottler. _— amet
496 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Lettsomia,
This species is very common in forests over the southern
parts of the Carnatic, and Tanjore country. Flowering time
the cold season.
_ Stem twining, woody, running over high trees, &e. Young
shoots hoary. Leaves petioled, broad-cordate, or reniform,
entire,with the under side downy, particularly while young ;
from one to two inches each way. Petioles the length of the
leaves, having two glands laterally at the extremity. Pedun- -
eles axillary, solitary, length of the petioles, one-flowered.
Flowers large, pure white, opening at sun-set, and drooping
at sun-rise. Bracies two, near the top of the peduncles.
Tube long, slender, cylindric, Nectary a yellow, fleshy —
ring surrounding the base of the germ, Stigma two-lobed.
Lobes \inear-oblong, erect. Berry spherical, dry, smooth,
shining, brown, one-celled, Seeds ; from one to four is the
natural number, immersed in a brownish farinaceous pulp.
12. L, ornata. R.
Shrubby, erect, ultimately twining. ‘Gagvas pain: conde
entire, with large round Jobes, sericeous underneath. Pedun-
eles many-flowered. . Stigma with two lanceolate lobes.
Berry ary, oblong, beaked, shorter than the calyx.
A native of the interior parts of India; from Cawnpore
Colonel Hardwicke sent the plants to the Botanic oule at
Calcutta, where they blossom during therains. .. _-
«Stems . aaah penherermas Hagcid, ising ever aieik
Leaves analy pace suclinn lobes senda: 1
tire ; apex rather emarginate ; smooth above, of a dull livid
plone: underneath, and somewhat sericeous; general size
from three to six inches each way. Petioles round, serice-
ous, shorter than the leaves, with a greenish gland on each
side near the apex as in all the other = pamelor
ee axillary, as as aan ales etioles, a
Ipomoea, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 497
Lettsomia bona-nox. Bractes lanceolate, Calya; Jeaflets
Imear-oblong. Corol with a cylindric tube, from two to
three inches long, border about four inches in ‘diameter,
_ Flowers hairy at the base. Anthers within, Germ four-cell-
ed, four-seeded. Stigma of two linear-oblong lobes, Berry
oblong, shorter than the calyx, smooth, pointed, one-celled,
Seeds from one to four, (one is most common,) enveloped in a
' little mealy pulp. Perisperm and embryo as in the order,
IPOMOEA.
Calyx five-leaved, (or five parted), Corol funnel-shaped.
ee two-lobed, Capsules two-celled ; celis two-seeded.
LL. grandiflora. R.
Perennial, twining, sometimes murexed, Iota Siblata,
rarely lobate, acute, smooth, | Peduneles length of the peti-
oles, three-flowered. eet of two round lobes, Ca a
_ two-celled.
- Munda-Valli, Rheed.. Mal. xi, 103. 1. 50,
Convolvulus grandiflorus, Linn, suppl. aieids 136.
Munda-valli, Asiat. Res. iv. 257.
Beng. Doodiya-Kulmi. —
Ipomoea bona-nox. Jacq. Hort. Schoenb,
Convolyulus maximus. Sloan, Jam, 96, f.1. is unget ‘likely
this plant, for I have reared it in Bengal from seed received
from the West Indies with that name. The only difference
is that the leaves of the West Indian plant are rather more
angular, and like Sloane’s aligns than those of the valk In-
dian'one. =
A Lies sosindegiapuelens einen Te: gallery: adn
cota, and’ in Bengal, and on the banks of water courses
amongst bushes. . Flowers during the cold season in the Cir-
cars, and in Bengal during the hot and rainy seasons.
Stem twining, running’ to the height of from ten to twenty
feet, smooth, except that it is sometimes armed with small i in-
- ‘VOL. I. =
498 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Tpomoea,
offensive prickles, Leaves scattered, petioled, cordate, point-
ed, generally entire, though sometimes a little lobed, or angu-
lar, smooth, about three or four inches long and three broad.
Petioles round, smooth, length of the leaves, Peduncles
axillary, smooth, clubbed, length of the petioles or more, from
two to four-flowered. Fowers remarkably large, the border
being from four to six inches in diameter, pure white, delight-.
fully but faintly fragrant, opening at sun-set, and drooping
at day-light. Tube very long, cylindric. Stigma double,
Capsules ovate, smooth, two-celled, four-valved. Seeds four,
viz. two in each cell, smooth, black.
- Obs, Till L observed Giertner’s figures of the capsule and
seeds of Ipomoea bona-nox I considered this to be that plant.
Dr. Konig also thought it was bona-nox and I think he said
Linnzeus the son had committed a mistake when (in the Sup-
plemenium Plantarum) he called this plant Convolvulus
grandifiorus, instead of Ipomoea grandiflora,
2. 1. salicifolia. R.
Leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminate. Peduncles one to
three-flowered, length of the petioles.
Found by Dr. Buchanan in the district of tear in
Bengal. In the Botanic garden, at Calcutta it is biennial; Ser:
ering in the rainy season, =
Stem and branches twining to a moderate extent, round,
and smooth, Leaves short-petioled, linear-lanceolate, taper-
ing from the rounded base into a long, slender, acute point,
entire, smooth on both sides, from three to eight inches long,
and scarcely one broad at the broadest part. Peduncles axil-
lary, solitary, half an inch long, bearing one, two, or three
large, pure white flowers. Calyx ; leaflets five, ovate, smooth.
Corol with a cylindric tube of about an inch and a half in
length, border flat, obscurely divided. Stamina hid in the
tube of the corol. Stigma of two round aabelis —
Ipomoea. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, _ 499
3. I. muricata, R.
Annual, twining, muricate. Leaves cordate. Peduncles
few-flowered ; inside of the tube of the corols hairy,
Convolvulus muricatus. Linn, Mant, 44.
Ihave only met with this in my own garden; it was raised
from seeds sent from Persia and proves annual,
_ Stem as in I, grandiflora, but much more murexed, and
_notso long, the leaves also the same, but much larger. Pe-
duncles axillary, half the length of the petioles, from two to
six-flowered. Flowers large, pale bluish-purple, Tube wid-
ening a little towards the mouth; inside hairy, by which
mark it is instantly distinguished from I. grandiflora,
rhs i. multifiora, R. :
Siems woody, twining. Leaves broad-cordate, downy. Pe-
duncles as long as the leaves, umbelliferous. pak)
A common species, native of hedges, forests. &c. Flower-
ing time the cold season,
Stem perennial, woody, twining up, and over trees and |
bushes, Leaves scattered, petioled, broad-cordate, entire, a
little bent downwards, bristle-like pointed, both sides a little
downy, particularly the under one, from three to four inches:
each way. Petioles round, downy, from two to three inches
long. Umbels three or five-parted, many-flowered.. Pedun-
cles round, nearly erect, longer than the leaves. Flowers nu-
merous, very large, rose-coloured ; inside of the tube a bright
red, Leaflets of the calyx unequal. Stigma two-lobed ; lobes
globular.
Obs. This species while in flower is one of the greatest beau-
ties of our forests. . Whether this is what Kénig called wei
0000: Daa ar eo
ihe i sepiaria. Kin. Mo. ae
Perennial, twining, hairy. Lenin cordate, Pudaelin
many-flowered, and with the pedicels clavate ; pps four
celled.
Fi2
500 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Ipomoea.
Tiru-tali, Rheed. Mal. xi. p. 109. t. 53. is certainly this —
plant, though quoted for Convolvulus maximus, Can they be
the same.? Probably they are, as Vahl’s description agrees
tolerably well with my plant.
Teling. Metta-tootia.
This is one of the most common species on the coast, it
grows plentifully in every hedge, thicket, &c. Flowers dur-
ing the rainy and cold season. —
Stem twining, perennial; young shoots round, filiforra,
hairy. Leaves alternate, petioled, cordate, pointed, somewhat
sagittate, or angular behind, otherwise entire; smooth, often
clouded with brownish spots in the centre ; from two to three
inches long. Peduncles axillary, as long as the leaves, round,
smooth, clubbed, many-flowered. Flowers large, of a beau-
tiful. pale rose-colour. — awayatinds, lobes epehuas:
Sor smooth, .
6. I. cerulescens. R. i
Perennial, twining, all the tender parts hairy. Leaves round
cordate, acute. Peduncles erect, length of the petioles, from
one to three-flowered. Stigma of three round lobes. Cap-
sules smooth, three-celled,
Native place uncertain, nor can any Asiatic names be pro-
cured for this beautiful, distinct species,
Stems perennial, twining to a great extent ; young shoots
jercg and easy aaie ber apa nied anietew
anit; surface less Bikey than the yeilbnesed Aanéta,sletlirtn
or four inches each way. Peduneles axillary, length of the
petioles, hairy, at all times erect, from one to three-flowered.
Flowers pretty large; their colour when they first expand
early in the morning, is a beautiful lively pale blue, or azure,
gradually growing darker. Bractes lanceolate, hairy. Calyx
pay Seen IeNate petiolt ent
Apomoea, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 501
Stigma three-lobed ; lobes round, Capsules smooth, three-
celled, with two peas black seeds in each.
Obs. This, and I. cerulea (probably I. hederacea of dec
quin,) are exactly the same in the inflorescence, germ, stigma
and capsules ; but they differ specifically, This being peren-
nial, and having the leaves constantly without any tendency
to be lobate, whereas that is annual, with three-lobed leaves,
I may farther add, that plants raised from seed received from
the Honourable Charles Greville, in London, under the name
Convolvulus hederaceus, differ only in the colour of the flow-
ers from my I, c@rulea, in which it is blue, and in this, heder-
acea, white.
7.1. cerulea, Kon, Mss, veer om
Annual, twining, hairy. Leaves cordate, three-lobed,
downy. Peduneles from two to three-flowered, margins | of the -
corol sub-entire. Stigmas three-lobed, ——— three-celled.
Beng. Neel-kulmi.
It is common during the rains in most parts of India.
Stems and branches twining, annual, round, hairy, from six
to twelve feet long, as thick asa crow’s quill, Leaves alter-
nate, petioled, broad-cordate, | three-lobed, downy ; from two
_ to four inches long, acute, &c. almost as in Dillenius’s figures
of Convolvulus Nil. Peduneles axillary, length of the peti-
oles, round, hairy, from two to three-flowered. Bractes and
leaflets of the calyx linear. Flowers large, of a beautiful
light, but bright blue. Stigma sub-globular, large, glandu-
desi three-lobed, Capsule much shorter than the cal % emabohy
Semesttied: with two seeds in each. .
I have often reared this species in miesnien, dapecount
of the gre: ae! oe a tanigs Bese, 2H sg pat find it to
he « ‘eads of thin plant aro sold intense, sasliiueentieg’
shops in Calcutta, under the name Kala dana, and used as a
purgative. I have heard them much praised as an effectual,
quick-operating, safe cathartic, The dose is from thirty to
Ff3
502 _ PENTANDRIA MONOGYNTA, Ipomoea,
forty grains of the seeds in substance, when administered they
are gently roasted like coffee, then powdered, and given in
any convenient vehicle.
It scarcely differs sufficiently from Convolvulus Nil to war-
rant its being considered more than a variety of that, or that
of this. In that the leaves of plants growing in the same si-
tuation are less divided and the lobes shorter and less pointed.
The rim of the corol five-angled, and the angles pointed as in
Dillenius’s figure, whereas in I, caerulea it is nearly circular,
8. 1. phoenicea, R.
Annual, twining. Leaves broad-cordate; posterior edges
often variously lobate. Racemes dichotomous, many-flower-
ed, Leaflets of the calyx end subulately, Stamina erect, —
Stigma globular. | ,
A native of the southern parts of the Coromandel coast, the
seeds were received into this garden from Dr. Berry, who pro-
cured them from Dindigul. In Bengal it thrives luxuriant-
ly, and is in blossom most part of the year, but chiefly during
the cool season, This plant has also been reared from seeds
received from the island of Trinidad ; there i is therefore the
more reason to compare it with I. coccinea,
Stem and branches twining, young parts somewhat angu- .
Jar, and twisted. Leaves alternate, petioled, cordate, acumi-
nate, sometimes three-lobed ; sides and posterior edges vari-
ously dentate, sinuate, or —— ‘smooth on both sides, from
two to six inches each way. Petioles nearly as long as the
leaves, channelled, Racemes -aattibeey, solitary, generally
two-cleft, much longer than the leaves. Flowers remote,
large, of a most beautiful bright crimson colour. Calyx
smooth, the leaflets subulate at the end. Corol ; tube nearly
two inches long, contracting towards the base, slightly curv-
ed; border at first expanded, afterwards a little revolute.
Sitenitict projecting considerably beyond the mouth of the
tube of the Corel. Stigma es ee mam —_— 3
-four-celled, with ‘asingle seed in each, - e ae
Ipomoea, . PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 503
- Obs. This is by far the most gaudy plant of the kind I
have yet met with ; no painter can do justice to the brightness
of its flowers,
9. 1. Pes-tigridis, Willd. spec. i. 886.
Annual, diffuse, or twining, hairy. Leaves palmate. Pe-
duncles longer than the petioles, Flowers several in a soli-
tary, aggregate, involucred head.
Beng. Languli-luta.
Pulli-schovadi. Rheed: Mal. xi, 121. t. 59.
Volubilis zeylanica. Dill. Elth. tab. 318, f. 411.
This is one of the most common, and generally diffused
plants we have in India. Flowering time the rainy season
chiefly.
Stems diffuse, or twining when supported, round, and very
hairy ; hairs fulvous, and diverging. Leaves alternate, long-
petioled, palmate, hairy; lobes from five to nine, lanceolate,
entire. Peduncles long, or longer than the petioles, hairy,
each supporting a single head of sessile, white, or pink flow-
ers ; the latter variety is smaller than the white one. IJnvolu-
cre from eight to twelve-leaved ; deaflets unequal, recurved,
lanceolate, obtuse, hairy. Calya of five lanceolate, acute,
unequal, leaflets. Corol, with its five lobes deeply emargi-
nate. Stigma of two round lobes. Capsules two-celled. Seeds
two in each cell.
10. I. Quamoclit, Willd. spec. i. 879. 7
Annual, twining. Leaves pinnate, leaflets filiform, Pe-
duncles one or two-flowered. eee Se
Tsjuria-cranti. Rheed, Mal. xi. 123.4.60.
Flos cardinalis. Rumph. Amb. v. 155. t. 2. —
Camalata. Asiat, Res, iv. 256.
Sans. Kamaluta, ’ Turooluta, =
Beng. Lal kamluta or lal turooluta, the red variety ; ; sweta
kamluta or sweta turooluta, the white-flowered variety,
rea
504 _PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Campanula,
A native of various parts of India. Flowers during the
rainy season’in Bengal. past
11. I. pileata, R.
Perennial, twining. Leaves profoundly round-cordate, vil-
lous. Flowers a few, sessile in a peltate, four-cornered, pe-
duncled, axillary bonnet.
This rather small, villous species has baie introduced from
China into the Botanic garden at Calcutta, where it blossoms
and ripens its seeds during the cool dry months from No-
vember to February. It is particularly remarkable on ac-
count of its entire, rhombiform concave bonnet or involucre,
in the bottom or centre of which, from three to six middle -
sized, rosy, funnel-shaped flowers sit; it is hairy round the
flowers, as are also the unequal leaflets of the calyx.
CAMPANULA. Schreb. gen. N. 290.
Calyx five-parted. Corol campanulate. Filaments with
their lobes dilated, and arched. Stigma from three to five-
cleft. Capsule natoxinl from three to five-celled, ope by
ake on the —: |
1. C. dehiscens. R.
Annual, ascending, voted a little eee ities les
linear-lanceolate, remotely toothed. Flowers from five to six,
oe icacgearen rigieaieacet anes Resin’ meting the
apex, 2 Me on oe
A native of Seagal! Blower ine she: wold, aa hea
ning of the hot season,
Root nearly simple, white, annual. Stems sie branches
ascending, about a foot high, round, hairy. Leaves alternate,
sessile, linear-lanceolate, remotely, and lightly toothed; from
‘one to two inches long. lowers terminal, corymbiform,
wh meet: large, bell-shaped. Calyx, corol, stamens and
il as the genus. _ sConeninchanee, without lateral wet
~
Phyiewna. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 505
opening at the apex. Seeds numerous, minute, vollaigptacic
reniform, in the angle of each cell. den
Bub. lancifoli. R.
Ramous, smooth. Leaves sub-opposite and alternate, ae
petioled, lanceolate, serrate, acuminate. Flowers terminal,
Calycine leaflets lanceolate and laciniate. Capsules obovate,
five-celled.
A native of the moist vallies Ps Chittagong, whee it flowers
in October.
PH YTEUMA. Schreb. gen. N. 292.
7 scCalye semi-superus, five-parted. Corol rotate, inserted on
the calyx. Germ inferior, three-celled, ovula numerous, on
_a pendulous receptacle from the top of each cell. Stigma
three-lobed. Capsule three-celled.. Seeds numerous.
1. P. begonifolium. Roxb. Hort. Beng. 85.
Creeping, woolly, _ Leaves alternate, semicordate, serrate,
Racemes axillary, secund, recurvate, Bractes cuneate.
A native of Pulo Pinang, where Mr. W. Roxburgh found
it in forests shaded by trees and shrubs, and with flowers and
ripe seeds in June and July.
Stems somewhat dichotomous, round, fleshy, spreading on
the ground, and rooting at the insertion of the leaves, the
younger parts as well as the petioles and racemes clothed
with a harsh, ferruginous, woolly pubescence. Leaves alter-
nate, petioled, semicordate, (as in some species of Begonia),
serrate, acute, pretty smooth; length six or eight inches,
breadth about halfthe length, Petioles from one to two inches
longs. Stipules none. acemes axillary, solitary, secund,
olute, twice the length of the petioles. lowers short-
pedicelled, alternately arranged in two rows on the anterior
_ side of the raceme; while two rows of alternate, cuneate,
woolly bractes occupy the posterior side, Calyx one-lobed;,
506 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, - Lobelia.
tube gibbous, and growing to the lower half of the germ.
Border of five sub-orbicular, woolly, permanent segments.
Corol one-petalled, rotate, tube very short, and united with
the calyx into one envelope which closely embraces the up- °
per part of the germ; border of five, oblong segments, alter-
nate with those of the calyx, and double their length, wither-
ing. Filaments five, short, inserted partly on the tube and top
of the germ. Anthers oblong. Germ inferior, oblong, three-
celled, each cell contaming numerous ovula attached to a
long, free, linear receptacle, which is united, by a slender pe-
dicel, to the top of the cell, Style very short and thick, Stiy-
ma concave, with a thick fleshy three-lobed margin, Cap-
sule oblong, clothed with the woolly tube of the calyx, and
crowned with the segments of its border, as well as the with-
ered corol, three-celled, (in what manner they open I have
not been able to ascertain.) Seeds very numerous, adhering
to the long, filiform, free receptacles, which are attached to
the apex of the capsules as already mentioned,
LOBELIA. Schreb. gen. N. 1363.
Calyx five-cleft. Coro] one-petalled, irregular. ‘Anthers
united, Capsule inferior, two or three-celled,
1. L. nicotianifolia, Heyne’s Mss.
Erect. Leaves cabesossile, lanegolar, acute, entire. Raceme
: ge eer er ee anh
found it indigenous in the vicinity of Bangalore.
9. L, trigona, R.
Annual, base creeping, erect parts three-sided. fe ate :
_ sessile, cordate, serrate, _Peduncles axillary, janet sito ee
_ eaves, one-flowered,
al. small, annual, ramous plant which delights i in meh pas-
ture g round, and appears eaaing the wet and cold seasons. —
Sphenoclea, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, ia
Stems near the root creeping, above erect, ramous, three-
sided, smooth, the whole plant is from six to twelve inches
high. Leaves sub-sessile, cordate, grossly serrate, smooth.
‘Peduncles axillary, solitary, erect, length of the leaves or
_ longer, two-bracted at the base. Flowers small, blue. Corol
inserted in the mouth of the calyx.
3. L. radicans. Willd. spec. i, 948,
Annual, creeping, smooth, Leaves sessile, lanceolate, re-
motely serrulate. Peduncles axillary, solitary, twice the
length of the leaves, one-flowered.
Accidentally introduced from China, into the Botanic gar-
den at Calcutta, where it blossoms freely during the rains.
Our plants are but small, very ramous, spreading over the
soil, and striking root at every branchlet. The flowers are
large for the size of the plant, pink-coloured; segments of
the corolla equal, unilateral, and narrow-lanceolate, with two
green glands under the two middle sinuses, opposite to the
long, green, two-lobed stigma.
SPHENOCLEA. Gert. carp. i. 113. tab. 24.
Calyx five-parted. Corol one-petalled. Capsule inferior,
two-celled. Seeds numerous,
1, S. zeylanica, Willd, spec. i, 927. :
Pongati. Rheed, Mal.ii. 47, t. 24.
Sphenoclea Pongatium. Lamarck,
Gertnera Pangati. Retz. Obs, vi. p. 24.
Beng. Jeel-mureech. o
Teling. Neeroo-pipli. 3
An erect ppavals ; a native of watery. places, < Focen i.
the wet season.
Root fibrous, al Stem erect, conn: ramous, smooth,
glossy, piped. Branches alternate, ascending. Leaves al-
ternate, short-petioled, lanceolar, entire, tender, smooth, from
508 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Nauelea.
two to three inches long, and half an inch broad. Stipules
none, - Spikes terminal, or leaf-opposed, peduncled, cylin-
dric, middle-sized, closely surrounded with the fructifica-
tions. Bractes small, three-fold, one-flowered ; one below, and
one on each side, pressing the calyx. Flowers small, white.
Calyx superior, one-leaved, five-cleft; divisions obtuse,
spreading when the flower is open, afterwards converging
over the capsule, permanent. Corol one-petalled, Tube
short; throat gibbous ; mouth five-cleft, inflexed. Filaments
five, short, inserted into the mouth of the tube. Anthers two-
lobed, in the gibbous throat of the corol. Germ inferior, an-
gular, Style short. Stigma headed. Capsule turbinate, an-
gular, (from being pressed one against another,) two-celled,
circumcised, ‘Seeds minute, very numerous, oblong.
NAUCLEA. Schreb. gen. N. 295.
Flowers aggregate, on a globular receptacle. Corollets
funnel-shaped. Germs inferior, two-celled ; cells many-seed-
ed ; attachment interior. Capsules two-celled. Seeds many,
imbricated, and winged. Embryo inverse, and furnished with
a wi, “thie
aS R, sotdadae R, ssiieiiain
Arboreous, branches brachiate. Leaves sich oneness
ing isceeno meen elliptic, _— - ee — —
A ndtv of dhs Moludeay from arias siiffodabett' jiito ‘he
Botanic garden at Calcutta in 1789, where the trees blossom
in May and June; the seeds take above a year to ripen. —
Trunk perfectly straight to the top of the tree. -Branehes
brachiate. Bark smooth, that of the ligneous parts brown,
that of the tender parts green. Height of ten year old trees,
: ~ fifteen to twenty-five feet. Leaves opposite, petioled,
-ovate-oblong and oblong, waved, entire, “polished on both
°s; from six to twelve-inches long’ by from three
Naucelea, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 509
broad. Petioles coloured, slightly channelled, about two
inches long.. Stipules elliptic, length of the petioles, smooth:
Peduneles terminal, solitary, drooping, each bearing a single,
large globular, aggregate head of numerous, small, most
beautiful, yellow, fragrant florets. Bracte, a small, wither-
ing, somewhat four-toothed ring near the base of the pedun-
"cles, and hid hy the stipules, Calyx, common none, or very
obscure; proper, of one fleshy cup, cut into four or five, cla-
vate segments. Corol funnel-shaped, much longer than the
perianth; yellow and fragrant; divisions of the border four,
or five, oval, obtuse. Filaments scarcely any. Anthers on
the five fissures of the border of the corol. Germs inferior,
grown together, two-celled, with many ovula in each, attach-
ed to their proper receptacles, projecting downwards from
their attachment to the partition a little above its middle,
Style much Jonger than the corol. Stigma large, oblong,
with the apex somewhat two-lobed. Fruit the size of a small
apple, rough with the remains of the segments of the calyx,
now Seineningp five conic knobs on the crown of each of the par-
tial seed vessels, which are all firmly grown together, each
_ of these are two-celled. Seeds rarely more than one in each
cell, and fragrant, not one of the whole being abortive, they.
are oblong, not winged but crowded with a fleshy gland
which unites them to the receptacles on the partition. —Lnte-
guments uncertain, from the smallness of seed. Perisperm
conform to the seed. Embryo inverse, nearly as long as the
— Cotyledons oblong. Radicle oval, superior.
2, N, cordata. R. at
Leaves petioled, broad-ovate-cordate, teil ainsi
smooth, — obovate, © Plows: — —
Capsules united.
A remiinailik Geils sain lends taodatie Lendieitei in
1802, to the Botanic garden at Calcutta by General Hay
* Macdowall, where the young trees blossomed in May and
June, 1808, and the seeds ripened in the cold season,
510 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Nauclea,
Trunk straight up through the branches to the very top of
the tree. Bark of a light greenish ash-colour. Branches
spreading, horizontal, forming a broad-ovate, shady head, ge-
neral height of our six years old trees from fifteen to twenty
feet. Leaves opposite, short-petioled ; from round-cordate to
ovate-cordate, obtuse, entire, coriaceous, smooth; marked
with prominent, alternate veins; the upper surface shining —
dark green, the under one paler; length from three to nine
inches, and from two to eight broad. Petioles roundish,
smooth, about an inch or an inch and a half long. - Stipules
interfoliaceous, large, roundish, or obovate, apex rounded,
marked with numerous, fine veins, caducous. Peduncles ter-
minal, solitary, and generally in the small lateral branchlets,
_ drooping, each supporting a large, beautiful, globular, aggre-
gate head of very fragrant bright yellow florets. Bractea
small, irregularly four-toothed, withering ring round the pe-
duncles, near the base, within the stipules. Calyx, common
none, or very obscure; proper deeply cut into four or five,
fleshy, clavate, permanent segments, which thicken as the fruit
advances in size, Florets funnel-shaped, four or five-parted.
Divisions obovate, obtuse. Filamenis very short, from the
mouth of the tube just under the fissures of its border, An-
thers cordate. Germ inferior, completely united to each other,
their whole length two-celled, each containing many imbricat-
ed seeds attached to a receptacle rising from the partition
a atic above its middle. Style much longer than the corol.
| a oblong, apex obscurely two-lobed, of a beautiful
pearl colour. Fruit*aggregate, size of a small apple, round,
rough, with the obtuse, fleshy permanent portions of the di-
visions of the ealyces; the partial seed vessels thereof are
firmly united, angular, inversely conical, two-celled, with a
few oblong, imbricated seeds in each, besides a number of
small, brown scales, which are the abortive ovula, as may be
‘seen | by the structure of the germ as well as by their being
attached to the same central receptacle; the full grown seeds”
are crowned with a greenidh, fleshy-gland, to shidebene:
Nauclea, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 511.
bilical cord is fixed. Albumen conform to the seed.. Em-
bryo inverse, straight. Cotyledons oval. Plumula minute.
Radicle cylindric, superior,
3. N. macrophylla, R.
Leaves stem-clasping, narrow-oval, obtuse, villous under-
neath, Stipules lanceolate. Peduncles terminal, solitary, one-
flowered.
From Amboyna this magnificent tree was introduced into
the Botanic garden at Calcutta, jn 1797. In 1810, they began
to blossom in June, the trees were then fifty feet high, and
the trunk of the largest rather above three feet in circumfer-
ence, four feet above ground, while young their growth was —
not rapid.
Trunk perfectly straight, like the pines, tothe very top ofthe
tree. Bark smooth, dark brown. Branches decussate. Branch-
lets round and smooth, Leaves opposite, stem-clasping, broad-
oblong, entire, obtuse, and though they completely embrace
the branchlets, yet taper more toward the much waved base
than theapex, somewhat villous particularly underneath, veins.
parallel ; length from eight to twenty-four inches, and broad in
proportion, when the trees were young, they were even more
than two feet long. _ Stipules opposite, linear-lanceolate, con-
cave, smooth and yeinless, about three inches long. Pedun-
cles terminal, solitary, length of the stipules, recurvate, giv-
ing support to a single most beautiful flower, of full three
inches in diameter, and sweet smelling, the corollets are very
numerous, of a pale yellow colour ; and the stigmas, which
project far beyond them, are pure white, Common calyx
none; proper perianth of five, long, clavate leaflets, Corol
funnel-shaped. Tube slender, widening gently to the mouth;
segments five, ovate-oblong, spreading. Filaments none. An-
thers attached to the mouth of the tube of the corol, under the
fissures of its border, sagittate. Germ numerous, distinct, in-
’ ferior, somewhat wedge-shaped, two-celled, with numerous,
imbricated ovula in each, attached to every part of a free li-
512 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Naielea,
near receptacle, which is united to the partition, a little above -
its middle, and descends deep into each cell, in fact, it is ex-
actly that of Gertner’s Oldenlandia corymbosa, i. 147. t. 30..
inverted. Siyle twice the length of the coro). Stigma cla-
vate, somewhat two-lobed.
4, N. Cadamba. R.
Leaves petioled, ovate. Stipules triangular. Peduneles
terminal, solitary; divisions of the calyx linear. Capsules
four-celled at top and two-celled at the base. Seeds without
a wing,
“Sans, Neepa, Priyuka, and Coitansilon:
Beng. Kudum, —
Katou-tsjaka. Rheed, Mal, 3. t. 33.
Is common about Calcutta, where it grows to be a large
tree, and is not only highly ornamental, but very useful from
the extensive close shade it yields, | Flowering time the hot
season. Seed ripe in October and November.
Trunk erect, and perfectly straight, bark smooth, dark
gray. Branches numerous, horizontal. Leaves opposite,
between bifarious and decussate, spreading, petioled, oval,
smooth, entire, nerves many, and simple; from five to ten
inches long. Petioles smooth, about an inch and a half long.
Stipules interfoliaceous, triagular. Flowers solitary, termi-
nal, aggregate ; corollets numerous, forming a large, perfect-
ly csp ——— en ane! airy eres
proper, veut. Cored: as in soillinakagy Sily therdir’.
sions are never recurved. Capsules inferior, four-sided, taper-
ing from the apex to the base, near the top it is composed of.
four, distinct, hard cells, under the common envelope ; the
lower two-thirds is two-celled only. Seeds numerous, very
| —- — brown colour, nears
Nauclea. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 513
terminal, tern ; divisions of the calyx triangular. Stigma glo- ' 7
bose ; seeds three or four in each cell,
A native of the Moluccas,
6. N. parvifolia, Willd. spec. i. 929. Roxb, Corom. i. 40.
tab. 52.
Branches and branchlets brachiate. Leaves ovate. Sti-
pules oval. Flowers terminal, one or three. Seeds imbricat-
ed, membrane-winged, |
Teling. Bota kudumee.
_ This grows to be a large tree; is a native of almost every
part of the coast of Coromandel, but chiefly up amongst the
mountains, Flowers during the cold season,
Trunk straight... Bark brownish gray, and. cracked.
Branches opposite, numerous, spreading, forming a large
oval, shady head, Leaves opposite, decussate, petioled, ovate,
entire, smooth. Petioles channelled. Stipules large, oblong,
obtuse, glutinous, caducous. Peduncles terminal, single or
three, when three the middle one is shortest ; near the apex
jointed, and bracted, each supporting a single, globular, nak-
ed head of corollets. | Bractes two, opposite, near the extre-
mity of the peduncle, oval, caducous. Corollets small, light
yellow. Calyx, common none. Common receptacte chaffy,
_wedge-form, hairy at their insertions, Proper perianih very
minute, entire. Corol one-petalled, funnel-form. Tube widen-
ing. Border five-parted ; divisions pointed, spreading. Fi-
laments five, short, inserted just within. the mouth of the tube,
Anthers erect, oblong, pointed above. Germ beneath, Style
thread-form, nearly twice the length of the corol. Sti
large, resting on the style (like the cap of liberty,) turbinate,
covered with a scabrous crust or bark, which splits irregular-
ly when the seeds are ripe; within are the proper two-celled
capsules, each consisting of one valve, opening round the apex
and down on the inside, Seeds several, very minute, oblong,
tailed, inversely imbricated round the outside of their recep-
- tacle, with insertions downwards,
VoL, 1. ; Ge
514 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA,. NMauclea,
Obs, The wood is of a light chesnut colour, firm and close
grained, is used for various purposes where it can be kept.
dry, but exposed to wet it soon rots,
7. N. cordifolia, Willd. spec. i, 929, Roxb, Corom.i, 40,
tab. 53.
Leaves opposite, round-cordate, downy underneath, #low-
ers axillary, from one to three. Segments of the calyx cla-
vate; seeds membrane-winged, not imbricated.
le Kelt-kudum.
Teling. Daduga.
_ This like the foregoing species, grows to be a very large
tree ; it isa native of the mountains of the coast of Coroman-
del. Flowers during the wet season. The seeds ripen about.
April. ¢
Trunk tolerably straight... Bark: like that of the formers
Branches yery numerous, horizontal, forming a very large,
shady head. Leaves opposite, decussate, petioled, broad-
cordate, pointed, entire, above pretty smooth ; downy under-
neath, particularly when young, beautifully reticulated with
small veins ; from four to twelve inches each way. -Petioles, _
round, a. little downy ; from two to three inches long. Séi-
pules, as in the last species, Peduncles axillary, from
one to four, round, downy, length of the petioles, near the
apex jointed, and bracted, each supporting a single globular
head. finngtes:, oval, caducous, lowers as in the former.
i ; ( receptacle as in the pre-
an species, - i pitetkahaviAies oot} divi-
sions clavate. Corollets, stamens, germ, and style as in the
former species. Stigma clavate. Capsules wedge-form, the
other parts as in the foregoing species. Seeds, about six, in
each cell, surrounding their receptacle, oblong, not imbricat-
ed, membrane-winged at the extremities, the lower ones
pointed, the upper.two-forkedsis:¢.. gira: odiag euale bes
~ Obs. The wood of this tree is exceedingly beautiful, its.
colour is like that of the boa-tre, but much igh and aie 2
. eed
Nauclea, . PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAS. 5 1 ae
same time very close grained. It is to be had of a large
_ size, from one to two feet, or more in diameter, and is used
for almost every purpose where it can be kept dry.. For
furniture it answers ener” well, being light and dur-.
able,
8. N. purpurea, Willd, spec. i. 929. Roxb. Corom, i. 41,
tab, 54,
Leaves petioled, oblong, very smooth. Flowers terminal,
from one to three, segments of the calyx clavate, Seeds very.
numerous, membrane-winged, imbricated.
Teling. Bagada,
A small tree, a native of the moist vallies up amongst the
Circar mountains, Flowering time the beginning . of the hot
season,
Trunk irregular. Bark scabrous, ash-coloured, | leihteichice
opposite, decussated. Leaves opposite, decussated, short-
petioled, oblong, pointed, entire, very smooth and shining
both above and below, from four to nine inches long, and
broad in proportion. Stipules as in the two preceding species.
Peduneles terminal, one or three. Flowers larger than in
either: of the former species, purple, Calyx, common none.
septacte almost naked. Proper perianth as in N, cordifolia,
Corol, stamens and pistillum as in the species. _ Stigma glo-
bular. Capsules turbinate, (the outer covering wanting,)
two-celled; the cells two-valved, opening from the base,
Seeds numerous, most minute, imbricated with their i insertion
upwards.
eee
9. N. sessilifolia. Ro eS
Leaves oblong, sessile, base silane clues, samactite:
the branchlets; apex gonnileds ineies, terminal, itraam
Capsule. four-valved. |
A. large tree, a salve of the forests of sf Ohitcebing, where
it ne from Jattunry till March.
Gg2
516 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNITA, Nauclea.
~
10. N. rotundifolia. R.
Leaves petioled, round-oval, obtuse, Stipules oblong, ob-
tuse-nerved. Flowers terminal, sub-panicled. Gapeules dis-
tinct. ;
A middling sized tree, a native of Chittagong, where it
blossoms in October, and the seeds ripen in March.
11. N. ovalifolia. R.
"Leaves sessile, oval and elliptic. Flowers terminal, soli-
tary. |
A tree, a native of the forests of Silhet, where it is called
= by the natives.
12. N. jeivcade Res : E
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, villous. Flowers ter-
minal ; corol/ets tetrandrous, a black gland between the four
segments of the calyx and corollets, .
Beng. Shwet Kudum (white kudum.) ;
An elegant small tree, a native of Silhet. Here it grows
to the height of from ten to twenty feet, with a distinct, erect
trunk. Flowering time the hot season,
Branchlets straight, round, very downy. Leaves from
opposite to quatern, alist potip bl, Sevbiie Suchesbobiben entire,
acuminate, downy underneath, from three to five inches long,
and rarely so much as two broad. Stipules within the leaves,
acuminate. _ Anflorescence terminal. Flowers peduncled
2 to a verticelled panicle, — ‘Perianth proper four-
toothed, with"s little black gland between. Corollets fun-
nel-shaped, yellow, intermixed with filiform, clavate scales; -
border four-parted, with a little black gland between, as in
the calyx. Filaments searcely any. Anthers four, erect,
attached to the mouth of the tube of the corollets. Germ in-
ferior, very minute, but clearly two-celled ; only one ovulum
in each rea be — Bs eh ~~ net —
Uncaria, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 517
UNCARIA. Schreb. gen. N. 311.
Flowers aggregate, on a globular receptacle. Calyx,
common simple, remote; proper five-parted, Corollets fun-
nel-shaped. Germ inferior, two-celled ; cells many-seeded ;
attachment interior. Capsules pedicelled, two-celled, parti-
tions parallel. Seeds many, imbricated, membrane-winged.
Embryo inverse, and furnished with a perisperm.
Our East India plants belonging to this genus are very
permanent, ciriferous ramblers; with opposite, stipulate leaves,
Flowers globular, terminal, or axillary, and for the most
part the capsules pedicelled, and in that state like globu-
lar umbellets which (with the habit,) separate them from
Nauclea,
1. U. Gambit, Hunter in Linn, Transact, ix, wees tab, 22,
Fleming in Asiat, Res. xi, 187,
Leaves ovate-lanceolate. Peduncles ‘xillady, solitary.
Capsules clavate, pedicelled,
Funis pacotuagisecitoling Rumph. Amb. 5. p. 63. t. 34,
tt 2 and 3.
A: stout, scandent shrub, a native of Pulo Pinang, Suma-
tra;-Malacca, &e.
Leaves opposite, short-petioled, from antiaianasil melie
lanceolate, entire, acute; smooth on both sides; about four
inches long, and two broad, Stipules sous uniting the
upper margin of the base of the petioles, caducous, Tendrils.
axillary, solitary, or in opposite pairs, simple, recurved, hook-:
ed. Pedunceles axillary, solitary, about the middle jointed
and bracted, supporting a single globular head, of beautiful,
green and pink, small aggregate corollets. Bractes, about
the middle of the peduncle, a three or four-cleft annular peri-
anth-like cup. Perianth ; common, no other than the just.
mentioned bracte ; proper sericeous on the outside with a five-
cleft border. Corollets ; tube filiform ; border of five obtuse:
divisions, villous on the outside, and haityel in the centre of:
Gg3
~
518 VENTANDRIA MONOGYNITA, Uncaria.
the inside, Filaments short. Anithers large, on the mouth
of the tube. Germ beneath, turbinate, sub-sessile, sericeous,
Style as long as the tube of the corol. Stigma clavate.
Capsules pedicelled, clavate, longitudinally grooved, crown-
ed with the five-cleft permanent calyx, two-celled, two-valv-
ed, Seeds numerous, imbricated, winged.
_ Obs. Gambier is the Malay name of an extract, prepared
from the leaves of this plant. And I believe one of the drugs,
if not the only one, formerly called Terra Japonica in Eu-
rope. For the following account thereof I am indebted to
Dr. Charles Campbell, of Bencoolen, who says : |
_ © This material is called by the Malays Gambier. It is
chewed by the natives mingled with Beé/e leaf and areca af-
ter the manner in which the Cutch is used on the continent
of India,
* With some sweetness it has a more highly concentrated
astringent principle than Terra Japonica, 1 am solicitous
that a trial should also be made of its power in tanning.
“ In regard to the natural history of the Gambier it is pro-
cured from a climber little known to the Botanic garden.
“It is the Funis uncatus, or Daun Gaita Gambier of.
Rumphius. Herb. Amboin. vol. v. tab. 34. The variety
from which it is chiefly made is that denominated by peaiines
us the Funis uncatus angustifolius,
_ “ The preparation is simple, the: young shoot and toate
ares sand. bruised’ in water for some hours, until a feculum
oe ‘into. ‘moulds of ac circular form; cui ;
this state the Gambier is brought to market.
* Rumphius has fallen into an error in asserting that Gam-
ier di is not made from this plant, for in my journey to Cochin
China I had an opportunity of inspecting the whole process,
having resided some days at a small village near the foot of
the mountain, where the Sultan of Moco has evo biinbone a
Uncaria. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNTA, , ee
_ The price at which it can be procured from the Northern
parts on this coast, I have ascertained to be nearly ten dollars
per hundred weight, it can be supplied in any quantity de-
sired, for the plant abounds in these-districts, and the mode
of eliciting the astringent matter is such as requires neither
much attention nor labour.”
So far Dr. Campbell. - But in other parts to the eastward
of the Bay of Bengal I learn that the process is carried on by
boiling the leaves sae young shoots ; evaporating the decoc-
tion by fire and the heat of the sun. When sufficiently in-
spissated, it is spread out thin and cut into little square cakes
and dried.
The same substance is mentioned by Marsden in his Histo-
ry of Sumatra, at p. 242-3, who refers for a particular detail
of the cultivation of the plant and manufacture of the Gam-
bier, to the 2d volume of the Transactions gt the Batavian
Society. ee:
2. U. ovalifolia, R.
Leaves oval, entire, smooth. Peduneles axillary and ter-
minal, compound. Capsules and common receptacle yee
~ A native of the Island of Pulo Pinang. ES
“Trunk and branches woody, climbing to a great extent.
Bark dark-brown, Leaves opposite, petiotald and obovate,
pointed, smooth on both sides, entire ; from three to six inches
long. Petioles short, recurved, channelled. Peduncles axill-
ary and terminal, expanding, bearing from one to three agere-
gate flowers. Pedicels nearly as long as the peduncles,
bracted and jointed at the middle, Bractes sheathing, with
the mouth from two to six-cleft, © Calyx, common perianth
none. Receptacle globular, villous, Proper perianth above,
five-toothed. Corol, aggregate, equal, globular. Corollets
numerous, funnel-shaped ; tube very long and slender; bor-
der of five obovate divisions, Filaments scarcely any. An-
“thers affixed to the mouth of the tube. Germ beneath, Style
the length of the corol. Stigma clavate. Capsules two-cell-
Gg4
520 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Uncaria,.
ed, villous. "Seeds numerous, minute, imbricated from the
base of the receptacle.
3. U, pedicellata, R.
Leaves ovate-cordate, Peduneles axillary, solitary, undi-
vided. Corollets long-pedicelled.
A native of the Molucca Islands.
A, U. eirrhiflora. R.
Leaves ovate-oblong, smooth. Stipules bifid. Peduncles,
a continuation of the recurved tendrils,
A native of the Malay Islands,
5. U. acida, Hunter.
Leaves ovate, smooth, Stipules Seale two-cleft.. Flowers
solitary on the bracted apices of the tendrils, |
Found by Dr. Hunter on Pulo Pinang. The leaves Dr. H.
observes are acid, hence the specific name.
6. U. sclerophylla. Huuter.
Branches four-sided, pubescent. Leaves elliptic, pointed,
rigid, Stipules lunate, two-lobed. Peduncles sina
litary.
Found by Dr, Hunter on the hills of Pulo Pinang,
7. U. sessilifructus, R.
Leaves smooth. above,.. soft salenniine iin
cles axillary, and from one to three-flowered ; also terminal,
and many-flowered, Capsules sessile.
A large scandent shrub, supported by strong, spiral, axil-
lary hooks; a native of the forests of Caton F lowest
time the sail season,
4
8. ‘U. pilosa. R é =
_ All the tender sian me baie posses orate oblong
ae; 3. es $a Se eS ate ge eae
Sonielatio. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 521.
7
acuminate, Stipules frtepanions Peduneles <i one-
flowered,
A stout scandent shrub ; supported by ane. hairy, axil-
lary, spiral hooks; a native of the forests of Chittagong,
where it flowers i in February and March.
*
RONDELETIA. Schreb. gen. N. 296.
Calyx five-toothed. Corol infundibuliform, Germ inferi-
or, two-celled.; cel/s many-seeded ; attachment interior. . Stig-
ma two-cleft, Capsule two-celled, two-valved. Seeds many.
1. R. paniculata, R.
Arboreous. Leaves sub-sessile, oblong-ventricose, taper-
ing at both ends, smooth. Stipules round, recurvate. Pani-
cles terminal, sub-brachiate.
A native of the Malay Islands, . It was beoupire inn Am-
boyna by Captain Anderson, to the Botanic garden at Cal-
cutta, where it blossoms in March, April, May and June.
Trunk straight, Branches decussate. Bark smooth, brown
on the older parts; on the younger green. Leaves opposite,
sub-sessile, oblong-ventricose, tapering at both ends, above
smooth, underneath somewhat villous, entire, from four to ten
inches long, and from two to four or five broad, Stipules
within the petioles, round-reniform, recurved, smooth, Pani-
cles terminal, and from the exterior axills ; the former brachi-
ate, the latter have the whole of their ramifications alternate ;
_they are all round and villous. Flowers minute, pure white,
very numerous, sessile, or short-pedicelled, on the short, al-
ternate, ultimate, ramifications of the panicle. Bractes of
the ramifications large, and of various forms; those of the
_ flowers, several, minute ; all are villous, Calyx villous; seg-
ments five, roundish, Corol ; tube perfectly cylindric ; bor-
der of five, ovate, revolute segments, which are much shorter
than the tube. , Filaments short, inserted into the. bottom
of the fissures at the border of the corol, .dnthers ovate,
522 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Rondeletia.
incumbent, Germ inferior, roundish, two-celled, each con-
taining many ovula attached to an elevated receptacle on the
centre of the partition. Séy/e rather longer than the tube of
the corol. Stigma of two, large, sub-rotund, spreading lobes.
Capsules minute, round, two-celled, two-valved, opening
across the apex. Seeds very minute, number, shape, &e.
uncertain, as they scarcely ever come to their full size,
2. R. tinctoria, R.
_ Arboreous. Leaves petioled, oblong-lanceolar, smooth.
Stipules triangular, cuspidate. Panicles terminal, decus-
sate. Flowers tern.
Beng. Toola-lodh. | .
A small tree, of about ten or twelve feet in height; a ‘na-
five of Burdwan and Midnapore, in Bengal, where it blos-
soms in January and February ; the seeds ripen in May.
Trunk straight, rather short, about as thick asa man’s leg.
Bark covered with a dark brown, slightly crooked, spon-
gy lamina; inwardly fibrous, yellowish, ‘and astringent.
Branchlets opposite ; young shoots four-sided, and densely
clothed with short, ferruginous hairs, Leaves opposite, rare-
ly tern, petioled, from oblong to lanceolar, entire, smooth
above, a few hairs, particularly on the nerve and veins un-
derneath ; from four to six inches long, and from one to two
and half broad. Petioles short, and somewhat winged, aris-
== from the Sasa of the leaves, hairy. Stipules trian-
: i apices, hairy on both sides. Panicles
eae age ‘composed of many, opposite, compound, four-
sided, hairy branches and branchlets. Bractes numerous,
hairy ; those of the ultimate divisions of the panicle ensiform,
with a hastate base, and embracing’ three flowers; besides
which each flower is furnished with a small proper bracte.
Flowers very numerous, small, white, sub-sessile, fascicled,
nd on ise extremities of the rainifications; — in Aa need
Rondeletia, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNTA, 523
the calyx. . Segments ovate, spreading. Filaments very
short, inserted immediately under the fissures of the diyision
of the border of the corol, in the mouth of the tube. Anthers
incumbent, Germ inferior, turbinate, two-celled, each con-
taining many ovula attached to the elevated centre of the
partition, Style as long as the tube. Stigma two-lobed;
lobes oblong. Capsule spherical, size of a small grain of
millet, dry, brown, crowned with the remaining calyx, two-
celled, two-valved, opening across the apex contrary to the
partition, Seeds few, very minute, and imperfect, so much
so that I have not been able to ascertain their internal struc-
ture,
‘ Obs. Its bark is employed by the natives as a mordant in
some of their dyes, hence the specific name.
“8. R. exserta, R. Age
‘Arboreous, Leaves petioled, broad-lanceolar. Stipa
semi-lunar, reflexed. Panieles terminal.’ Coro! sub- campa-
nulate. . Stamens’exsert: Capsules many-seeded,
_ A native of the interior parts of Bengal, and particularly
over the ruins of the ancient city of Gour; Mr. Henry Creigh-
ton found it there, and sent plants to the Botanic garden
at Calcutta, where they thrive luxuriantly, and blossom in
March, at which period they form one of its greet orna-
ments,
Trunk erect. Bark ash-coloured, Branches ipptllie,
spreading, or even drooping. Branchlets villous; height in
ten years above twenty feet. Leaves opposite, petioled,
broad-lanceolar, entire, soft with down on both sides; ; gener-
al Jength from four to six inches, Petioles short, flat on the
upper side, downy. Stipules semi-lunar, reflexed, downy.
Panicles terminal, very large, diffuse, ovate ; ramifications
round and downy. Bractes sub-ensiform, varying much in
size. Flowers very numerous, small, pure white, fragrant.
Calyx small, five-toothed, hoary, Corol; tube short, and
contracted at the mouth by five elevations on the inside; the
524 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Jacrocnemum.
five oblong segments of the border recurved. Filaments -
from the five ribs of the tube of the corol, nearly as long as
the border. Anthers incumbent. Germ beneath. Stigma
large, two-cleft. Capsules minute, villous, crowned with the
withered calyx, two-celled, opening at the apex within the
calyx. Seeds many in each cell, small, rugose, attached to —
an elevated receptacle, which is attached to the middle of the
partition.
A, R. tetrandra. R.
_ Shrubby. Leaves lanceolate, sessile. Stipules pinnati-—
fid. Flowers axillary, glomerate, tetrandrous, Capsule
many-seeded,
A shrubby species; a 1 native of Pulo Pinang:
Stem straight; branches erect, smooth, four-sided, with the
angles sharp on the young shoots. Leaves opposite, sessile,
lanceolate, smooth. Stipules sub-pinnatifid, containing the
inside of the base of the leaves, tapering to an awled point.
Flowers numerous, short-peduncled, crowded in the axills,
and mixed. with many, lanceolate, ciliate bractes. Calyx,
corol, stamens and pistil as in the genus. Capsule small,
black, angular, Seeds numerous, immersed in the —-
cles, as in a nidus,
| ae PS R.
sules pie Seeds: numerous, alk
Found indigenous. on the Island of ear by ¢ Colonel
Hardwicke in flower and with ripe seed.in June and July, —
_».., MACROCNEMUM. Schreb. gen. N.297,
Calyx sBrertorthed. Corol a SPAIN Pree infasionss
aged
re eats
Randia, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 525.
1. M. stipulaceum. R. ifs
Leaves sub-sessile, lanceolate, smooth, Stipules otal very
large. Corymbs terminal, supra-decompound.
A native of the Moluccas. The mouth of the bell of the
short corol is uncommonly woolly, nearly hiding the stamina.
- 2. M. parvijlorum, R.
Shrubby. Leaves short-petioled, lanceolate, entire, smooth.
Stipules annular, truncate. Peduneles axillary, many-flow-
- ered. Corol acetabuliform.
A native of the Moluccas.
Obs. I have seen only dried specimens of these two species.
RANDIA. Schreb. gen. N. 275.
Calyx four or five-parted. Corol one-petalled, fone: or
five-parted. Germ inferior, two-celled ; cell many-seeded,
imbricated, attachment inferior, Beley: two-celled, Seeds
several, sub-imbrienteth 2 Embryo i inverse, furnished sae: a
perisperm,
1. R. racemosa. R. -
‘Shrubby, erect. Branches decussate. Leaves oblong,
smooth, Racemes axillary. Flowers totmapdenny.
Beng. Peetunga. .
This plant was first discovered “a Dr. Fr. Bachan grow:
ing about Lukshmee-poora ; from thence he sent the seeds to
the Botanic garden at Calcutta, where the plant is now com-
mon, and blossoms about the close of the rainy season,
Stem straight. Bark smooth. Branches opposite, expand-
ing, indeed almost horizontal. Bark of the woody parts
dark-brown, of the young shoots green, and smooth, Leaves
opposite, drooping, short-petioled, broad-lanceolate, entire,
smooth on both sides, from three to four inches long, and
about one broad, Stipules within the leaves, large, tapering,
eaducous, Spikes axillary, for the most part solitary, sub-
526 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA: Randia,
sessile, about one-half or one-third the length of the leaves,
Flowers sessile, numerous,small, pale greenish white. Bractes
one-flowered. Calyx four-toothed, permanent. Coral fun-
nel-shaped ; border four-parted; mouth of the.tube villous,
Filaments short, .Anthers linear, balf hid in the tube of the
corol, Stigma bifid. Germ inferior, two-celled, with seve- .
ral ovula in each, attached to the thickened centre of the par-
tition. Berry round, smooth, shining, straw-coloured, size
of a pea, two-celled, Seeds two, three or four in each cell,
attached to the upper half of the partition ; shape very various.
Integument fibrous, Perisperm cartilaginous. . Embryo in-
verse, half the length of the — Cotyledons linear.
Radicle oblong, superior,
2. R. stricta. R.
Shrubby, straight. Leaves opposite, obleng aieresie Flow-
ers axillary, acdite,
A native of the mountains north of Bengal. In the Botanic
garden its flowering time is the cold season.
Stems several, straight, ornamented with numerous, cross-
armed, spreading branches, down to the root; height of the
whole from five to ten feet. Leaves opposite, very short-pe-
tioled, spreading, oblong, or broad-lanceolate, pointed, mar-
gins entire, but waved a little ; smooth on both sides, Stipu-
les connecting the petioles, on their inside, and tapering to a
gseere ‘point; pressing: tee — the — —
the axils of the leaves. Bractes two or pie Tikethe calyx, .
and embracing the base of the germ. Calyx five-parted ; di-
visions acute, permanent. Dori contorted, inside of the short
tube hairy. Filaments none. Anthers affixed a little below
their apices within the tube, and in the fissures of the divi
sions of the border of the corol. Germ inferior, two-celled;
: With severat — in | Style short. Stigma: ae
Scevola. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 527
each cell, imbricated in two rows, attached to the partition —
above its middle. Perisperm conform to the seed. Embryo.
inverted:
3. R. polysperma, R
Shrubby. Leaves oblong, entire, acuminate, smooth, Sti-
pules subulate. Spikes panicled, axillary,
An elegant, very ramous shrub, a native of Chittagong.
Flowers in May, and the seeds ripen in August and Septem-
ber.
SCZVOLA. Schreb. gen. N. 300.
Calyx five-cleft, Corol one-petalled ; tube longitudinally.
cloven on the under side, with unilateral fiye-cleft border.
‘Germ two-celled, one-seeded ; attachment inferior. Drupe in-
ferior, Nut two-celled, Embryo erect, and furnished with
a@ perisperm,
1. 8S. Taccada, R.
_ Shrubby, with saad, ‘succulent branches. Leaves sessile,
obovate-cuneate, entire, shining. Peduncles axillary, solitary,
two or three times dichotomous,
Lobelia Taccada. Gert, fruct, i, 119. t. 25, fn
. Buglossum littoreum. Rumph. Amb, iv. p, 116. t, 54,
Bela modagam. Rheed, Mal. iv, 121. t. 59,
A native of most of the maritime parts of the Past Indies,
and introduced from Pulo Pinang into the Botanic garden
at Calcutta, where there is a constant succession of flowers
and fruit the whole year round, I suspect the American plant, _
called by Willdenow and others, Sccvola Lobelia, to differ’
specifically from ours; I have therefore preferred Gvertner’s
specific name.
Trunk short and variously bent, “Barksheseof, ond of the
old branches ash-coloured, and somewhat scabrous, large
siecahoe erect, the smaller ones nearly verticelled, ascending,
_and covered with smooth, green bark ; general height of the
528 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, ' Seevola,
whole plant about five or six feet. Leaves alternate, sub-ses-
sile, long-obovate, with margins entire, apex circular, smooth,
shining green on both sides ; from three to six inches long. Ia
the axill of each is found a little tuft of delicate white wool.
Peduncles axillary, solitary, once, twice, or thrice dichoto-
mous, the whole not above one-fourth the length of the leaves.
Pedicels clavate, round, and smooth. Bractes opposite, small,
conical, Flowers white, slightly fragraut.. Calyx may be
called five-leaved ; leaflets rather remote, erect, or recurved,
subulate, permanent. Corol one-petalled. Tube five or six
times longer than the calyx, split its whole length on the side
next to the branch, villous on the inside and shaggy with fi-
laments round the mouth, Border of five, oblong, unilateral
segments, with membranaceous, curled borders. /iiaments
from the receptacle, erect till the flowers expand, then be-
coming variously curled back round the base of the tube of
the corol. Anthers oblong, crowned, before the ex pansion
of the corol they adhere slightly to each other, round the
mouth of the stigma. Germ inferior, obovate, torose, two-cell-
ed, with one seed in each, attached to the very bottom of the
partition. Style length of the tube, pretty thick, recurved.
Stigma large, funnel-shaped, very hairy on the outside, and
ciliate. Drupe nearly round, size of a small gooseberry, when
ripe white, and torulose, Nut two-celled, dark brown, wrin-
kled ; between it and the white exterior pulpy covering there
is a senate actmet; softish cartilaginous coat. Seed one in
ch cell. Em ) lodged in a considerable portion of whitish
albumen. Cotyledons two, oval. Radiele inferior, shorter than
the lobes.
2. S. oppositifolia, R. a ad
Leaves opposite, short-petioled, i dat rip smooth Pe
_ duneles axillary, few-flowered, "
: eK! native of the Moluccas; a slender shrubby specie very
Cinchona, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAy 529
2
CINCHONA. Schreb. gen. N. 301.
Calyx five-toothed, Corol funnel-shaped, Germ inferior, —
two-celled ; attachment interior, Capsule two-celled, with the
partition parallel, Seeds many, imbricated, membrane-wing-
ed. Embryo erect, and furnished with a perisperm,
Obs. That part of the above character which makes the par-
tition parallel does not agree with the only two East India
"species I have yet met with, In them the partition is contrary.
1. C, excelsa, Roxb, Corom. ii. 3, t. 106.
Arboreous, Leaves oblong, downy. Stipules cordate,
serrate, Panieles terminal and axillary. Anthers sub-sessile
in the mouth of the tube. Pardition of the capsule ie en
Teling. Bundaroo,
_ This species of Cimchona is a native of the eisemnteieress
parts of the Circars, and chiefly of the vallies, where it grows
to be a very large tree, Flowers during the rainy season.
Seeds ripe in four or five months after. ;
Trunk straight, of considerable thickness and height,
Branches numerous, spreading. Bark of the trunk pretty
thick; the exterior lamina is gray, light, spongy ; it cracks in
various directions, and frequently falls off; the middle coat is
brown, of a farinaceous nature, and is as thick as both the
exterior and interior coats; the interior is white, (the fresh
bark is here described.) Leaves opposite, petioled, oblong,
entire, soft, downy, particularly on the under side ; veins sim-
ple, and frequently opposite ; from six to twelve inches long, »
and from three to tive broad. Floral leaves, the lower pair
or two of the ramifications of the panicle are orr é
with a pair of leaves, in shape like. the rest, but much smaller,
coloured, more permanent, and bullate, — Petioles round,
cane two or three inches long. Stipules within the leaves,
rdat acutely serrate, erect, caducous. ‘Panicles
tein; large, generally with the lower ramifications, cross-
ed armed. Flowers fascicled, small, greenish-white, exceeds
Hh
VOL, I.
530° PENTANDRIA MONOGYNTA, Cinchona,
ingly numerous, exquisitely fragrant. Calya superior, five-
toothed. Corel one-petalled, funnel-formed, downy. Tube
long. Border five- parted ; divisions oval, spreading, not
half the length of the tube. Filaments five, short, inserted
into the mouth of the tube. .Anthers erect, one-third within
the tube. Germ oval. Style twice the length of the tube.
Stigma headed, Capsule oblong, crowned with the remains
of the calyx, about as thick asa ‘field bean, but twice as long,
four-striated, marked with small white, elevated specks, two-
celled, two-valved, opening from the top; partition contrary.
Receptacle slender, angular, length of the capsule, affixed
lengthways to the suture of the partition. Seeds from six to
twelve in each cell; chesnut-coloured, imbricated, oblong,
eompressed, enlarged all round by a membranaceous jagged
wing, which at the base is split up to the seed itself, ;
Obs. The infusion’ of one fresh leaf in water all night had
little taste, but struck quickly a deep purplish blue with a
ehalybeate, The two inner coats of the bark (the outer light
spongy stratum is tasteless,) possess both the bitterness and
astringency of Peruvian bark, and 1 think when fresh ma
stronger degree ; the bitterness is not so quickly communi-
cated to the taste on chewing the bark, as that of the former,
but is much more durable, and ~—— about the upper ae
of the fauces.
‘The wood is firm, eheied. pele of a pale mahogany cO-
pal and very useful for nan purposes, :
Arborebenl Tetieds ovate, downy ; floral Yoloured a re-
ticulate, Thyrses terminal and axillary, drooping. Stipules
_ oblong, fringed with coloured glands, . Border of the corol
urceolate. Partition of the capsule contrary. j
A native of the interior parts of Bengal, where it was dis-
‘covered by Dr. William Carey, and by him sent to this gar-
poo say a grr enable
cy eee 2uSe age: e 2
Psathura, | PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 531
Trunk straight, covered with smooth, ash-coloured bark.
Branches numerous, spreading, so as to form a large ovate
head. Leaves opposite, petioled, ovate, and ovate-cordate,
downy ; veins simple and parallel ; length from two to eight
or ten inches. The floral pair or two longer-petioled, somewhat
scarious, smoother, and more permanent than the others, Pe-
-tioles round, villous, about a third of the length of their leaves,
Stipules large, oblong, downy, and fringed with coloured
glands round the margin. Thyrses terminal, and from the ex-
terior axills, from oblong to sub-cylindric, very dense, short-
peduncled, drooping. Flowers small, greenish-yellow, very
fragrant, collected in numerous small fascicles, on very short,
common peduncles. Bractes linear-lanceolate, one to each
fascicle, smaller ones to the proper pedicels. Calyx about
five-toothed, villous, Corol ; tube cylindric, more than twice
the length of the calyx. Border five-parted, pitcher-shaped,
length of the tube. Fi/aments short, inserted into the mouth
of the tube. Anthers sagittate, hid in the pitchered. border.
Germ two-celled. Style twice the length of the corol. Stig-
ma globular. Capsule inferior, oblong, warty ; size of afilbert, _
two-celled, two-valved, opening fromthe apex ; partition con-
pm and in this respect only does it differ from Cinchona,
“Is this a gufficient reason to remove it from that family? In
C. excelsa, the partition is also contrary, receptacle placed lon-
gitudinally along the suture of the partition. Seeds several _
‘in each cell, imbricated upwards, surrounded with a broad,
brown, reticulated, membranaceous wing, which is cloven be-
low up the umbilicus, at the base of theseed. Perisperm thin,
: white, and fleshy. Embryo erect, nearly as long ———
perm. pedo es re cpeaeets chnagte inferior,”
Fiz
as _ * PSATHURA. Juss.
Calye superior, from four to six-toothed, Corol one-petal-
Jed; tube short, and hairy within ; border from four to six-
parted, Germ five-celled ; cells Sus edded ; attachment infe-
Hh2
532 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, —s-_ ©. Dentellla,
ior, from four to six-celled. Nut solitary, one-seeded. E’m-
bryo erect, and furnished with an ample perisperm.
1. P. borbonica, Willd. spec. ii. 229.
Found indigenous onthe Mauritius by Colonel Hardwicke,
in flower and seed in the months of August and September ;
growing to the size of a small tree, with dichotomous branch-
lets ; opposite, short-petioled, entire, smooth, oblong leaves;
small axillary and terminal trichotomous corymbs of minute —
-pentandrous flowers, Germ five-celled, with one ovulum in
each, attached to the bottom of its cell. Style short. Stigma
two-lobed. Drupe, the size of a pea, containing as far as five,
nuciform, rugose seeds or nuts, each in its proper cell,
DENTELLA. Schreb. gen. N. 310. ;
Calyx five-parted, Corol infundibuliform ; segments three-
toothed, Capsule inferior, two-celled, many-seeded.
1. D. repens. Willd. spec. i. 972.
Crusta olle. Caranasci. Rumph, Amb. v. 460, t. 170. fs ‘é
Oldenlandia repens. Burm. Ind. 38. t. 15. f. 2. ;
- A native of cool mnie places such ne the nimdy. pankist
Yivers, and water-courses,
_ Root long, rarely perennial, Shieomememiniegy joint. 2
el, dou opposite, abovicesioled, oval, ciliate, » Flowers
Galas ia pettehy iesuioas: lanceolate,” Coral: five-cleft;
segments linear, three-toothed. Stamens five. Style two=
cleft near the bottom, Capsule hispid ; receptacles renjlorm,
free, affixed to the middle of the partition.
Obs. Burman’s figure of this peaches is spend
Canthium. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAy 533
“PSYCHOTRLA. Schreb. gen. N. 313.
Calyx five-toothed. _Corol tubular. ‘Berry snshurions two-
celled. Seeds solitary, grooved on the interior side,
1. P. asiatica, Willd, spec. i. 961.
_Shrubby. Branches opposite, smooth. Leaves ovate-
lanceolate, entire, acute, smooth. Stipules semi-lunate. Pa-
nicles terminal, brachiate, crowded. Anthers linear. Berries
oval, ten-ribbed,
A native of the Molucca Islands,
2. P. herbacea, Willd. spec. i. 967, Jacq, Amer. 66. t. AG,
Herbaceous, creeping. Leaves round-cordate. Stipules.
semi-lunar, Flowers few, terminal on the little erect branch-
lets, :
Karinta kali. Rheed, Mal. x... t. 21.
Koodi munkooni, the vernacular name in , Silhet, iahete it
grows in moist places under the shade of trees, &c. Flower-
ing time the lias of mE and June,
bi CAN THI UM. aneeck.
»-Calyzx four or five-toothed. _ Corol one-petalled, tubular.
Germ two-celled, one-seeded; attachment sub-superior,.
Drupe inferior, two-seeded, Embryo’ inverse, and means
; — a perisperm. '
“ C. angustifolium. R
_Shrubby, armed, eit lanceolate, lucid, Somers, cil.
lary, pentandrous,.. Style Jonatha ash the coral,
Beng. Kota-malli,
A well armed, pitas tg pong ramous goer a native of
the hills in the vieinity of Chittagong, Silhet, and the whole
eastern frontier of Bengal. Flowers from March till July,
and probably the greater part of the year.
Trunk obscure, Branches numerous ; young shoots straight,
Hh3
534. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNITA, Canthium.
slender, firm, round and smooth, Spines axillary, expanding.
Leaves on the youngest shoots in single, opposite pairs ; on
the older branchlets fascicled ; all are short-petioled, lanceo-
late, entire, long, taper-pointed, firm and polished, from one
inch to two and a half long, and half or three-quarters of an
inch broad, Stipules interfoliaceous, ensiform.- Flowers axilla-
ry, several together, small, short-peduncled, greenish yellow.
Calyx acetabuliform, five-angled, five-toothed, Corol ; tube —
short and gibbous; border of five lanceolate segments. %-
laments five, from the fissures of the corol, short. Anthers li-
near, erect, equalling the border of the corol. Germ inferior,
turbinate, two-celled, with one ovulum in each, attached to
the upper part of the partition. Style the length of the corol. ©
Stigma large, with a bifid apex. Drupe inferior, sub-rotund,
apex retuse, as in C. parviflorum, smooth, size of a black cur-’
rant, when ripe yellow, two-celled, ~~ one of the oa is-
eens abortive, mnTbal 3 HELE,
2. C. parvifolium, R.
Shrubby, armed, hairy. Leaves oval, entire. Flowers axil-'
lary, crowded, pentandrous; tube of the corol globular.
The shape of the leaves alone forbids the supposing of this
to be Plukenet’s 4Amaranthoides indicum, verticillatum, Pa-
rietarie hirsutis foliis aculeatum, &c. Alm, 27, t. 133. f.3.°
Consequently it is neither Monetia diacantha, Willd. apets = F
670. nor Azima diacantha, Lamark, Encyclop. i. 343...
Is a middling-sized, very rigid, ramous shrub, the ieaadee:
- shoots and under side of the leaves hairy, The inside of the
tube of the corol is surrounded with a circle of straight, white
bristles of its own length, inserted round its mouth; and:
pointing to its bottom, Flowering time the rainy season,
3. C, es Goan gs Corom. i. 3. 0.51, Geert. sem. iii.
= 196. | 3 Lam
Canthium. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 535:
Kanden-kara, Rheed. Mal. v.71. t. 36.
Webera tetrandra, Wiild. spec. i, 1224.
Teling. Balusoo- ka.
This is one of the most common, scragey, thorny bushes on.
the coast ; every soil and situation suits it. Flowering time
the hot season; the seeds ripen in September. .
Trunk scarcely any, but branches innumerable, the small-
_ersare regularly cross-armed, and spreading. Thorns sim-
ple, opposite, above the axills, spreading, cross-armed, very.
strong and very sharp; in luxuriant plants they are sometimes
three-fold. Leaves on the young shoots opposite, on the older
_ branchlets fascicled, short-petioled, reflexed, ovate, entire,
smooth ; size various.. Stipules connecting, subulate. Um-
bellets, or rather racemes opposite, below the thorns, small,
about the length of the leaves, Peduncles and pedicels smooth,
round, Flowers small, yellow. Calyx above, four-toothed ;
teeth acute ; permanent. Corol one-petalled.. Tube-gibbous,
short ; mouth downy. Border four-parted ; segments ovate,
expanded. Filaments four, in the mouth of the corol. An-~
thers ovate. Germ inferior, elobular, two-celled, with one ovw-
lum in each attached to the axis above its middle, Style ra-
ther longer than the tube of the corol, Stigma headed. Drupe
obcordate, laterally compressed a little witha hollow on each
side, size of a cherry, crowned with the remaining calyx,
‘fleshy, smooth, yellow, two-celled. uts two, one in each cell,
oblong, one-celled. Embry oinverse, sub-cylindric, a little
curved, and furnished with a soft amygdaline perisperm.
‘Obs, The bush makes excellent fences. The ripe fruit is
eaten by the natives. The leaves are universally eaten in curs
ries ; on that account cone — hem she saidigiwal cmaciiee
which means <n Spa Panwit® ben sowie.
(4,.C, dilieiac Gert. carp. iii. 94, t, 196. :
Sub-arboreous, unarmed. Leaves oblong saith oval, Cymer
axillary, sub-sessile. Flowers pentardrous. Style longer than.
the cylindric tube of the corol, with a qdaged stigma.
Hh 4
536 _PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Vangueria.
Teling. Naum-papula, gait
_Webera cymosa. Willd, spec, i, 1224,
A small tree, a native of the interior mountains of the coast
“ Coromandel. :
Bark smooth, on the young shoots shining green. Leaués
opposite, short-petioled, oval, firm, smooth, of a shining deep
green, about six inches long; on the under side in the axills
of the principal veins are to be found the characteristic glands_
of the Gardenias, they are smooth and hollow; in the Garde-
nias they are generally surrounded with a hairy margin. Si7-
putes within the leaves. Cymes axillary, short-peduncled,
simple, or compound, bearing many small, white, very fra-
grant flowers. Calyx and corol as in the family. Filaments
five, short, somewhat crooked, inserted into the downy throat
of the tube of the corolla, Anthers incumbent, oblong. Germ
inferior, globular. Style nearly twice the length of the tube,
Stigma large, mitre-shaped. Pericarp a top-shaped berry,
the size of a small cherry, when ripe black and: _—
crowned with the calyx. Seeds two.
5. C. moluccanum. R.
‘Pentandrous, unarmed. Leaves oblong. Style Seite of
the short gibbous tube of the corol,. spats turbinate.
A native of the Molucea Hate:
anism _ VANGUERLA. Juss. einai ty ;
+ Calyz: Sveitothed Corol. one-petalled ; paren al
aon shut with hairs, Germ five-celled ; cells one-seeded ;
attachment interior, Berry inferior, five-seeded, Embryo
inverse, and furnished with a perisperm,
I. V. spinosa, R, yt
| aaieclbyy armed with decussate <aaracd .
Lonicera,. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 537
China, I presume, as there are some plants in the Botanic gar-
den brought thence. Flowering time the beginning of the
‘hot season ; fruit ripe in three or four months afterwards,
Trunk irregular, which with the branches is armed with
strong, straight, opposite, or three-fold thorns. Leaves op-
posite, and three-fold, short-petioled, ovate-oblong, entire,
smooth, from three to four inches long. Stipules opposite,
and three-fold, within the leaves as in Gardenia, Flowers
axillary, fascicled on a common short peduncle, with proper,
longer pedicels, small, of a pale greenish colour. Calyz five-_
toothed, Corol one-petalled. . Tube sub-globular ; mouth
shut with much long, white hair ; border generally five-part-
ed, spreading. Filaments five, very short, inserted into the
mouth of the tube of the corol. Anthers small, cordate, Germ
inferior, turbinate, four or five-celled, with one ovudum in
each, attached to the axis a little above the middle, - Style
so long as to elevate its large glandular four or five-lobed
stigma just above the anthers. Berry or rather drupe round,
turbinate, size of a cherry, smooth, when ripe yellow, suc=
culent, and edible. Seeds four or five, obliquely oblong, in-
ner edge narrower and straight. Integuments two ; exterior a
hard, dark-coloured nut ; interior membranaceous. Perisperm
conform to the seeds, amygdaline. Limbryo inverse, a little
curved. Cetyledons scarcely so long as the radicle, lanceo-
late. adiele columnar, superior.
Obs, The fruit is eaten by the natives, . Its Savers come .
exceedingly near to those of my Canthium parviflorum, as
does also the whole habit of the plant. )
Corol one-petalled, shy Berry nero, tn-cellad,
mannan) : 3
edie ~ eon ae “Hardwicke is in lens rei vi. 3516
“Sheabhy. _ Leaves petioled, elliptic, acute, entire, villous,
+
538 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, «Coffea.
Peduneles axillary, solitary, short, Patents Berries
five-celled.
Found by Colonel Hardwicke, in vallies about Adwanee on
his tour to Shreenvgura, and there called Lung iat by the
watives. ea
TRI OSTEUM. Schreb-. gen. N. 320.
Calyx Sescbestiih equalling the one-petalled cérol: Co-
rol with the border divided into five sub-equal segments.
Berry inferior, one-celled, Seeds from three to five, pyrene
ous,
re T. ~hibesencilt R. =
Shrubby, hirsute. . Eiaues short-petioled, ‘inoonless en-
tire, acuminate, Flowers axillary, sessile, much shorter than
their numerous lanceolar bractes. Berries five-seeded.
A native of Chittagong, where it flowers during the hig
season; seed ripe in June and July. $3
ep =, COFFEA. Schreb. gen. N. 314. : .
Corel. fonniebahiped: Germ two-celled, ssa cieka ates
tachment of the ovula interior. Berry inferior, jruosioetlads
one-seeded, Seeds arilled. o> erect, and furnished
_ With a perisperm. :
Sa e ~ song eet Pesce at a
Shrubby. abe Gcalddececka saceles ioad,. "Sti.
pules bifid. Peduncles axillary and terminal, several toge-
ther, long, slender, one-flowered. Flowers tetrandrous, Carol
with long, slender tube and border.
_ Beng, Chilmaree, :
_ Anerect, slender, ramous shrub, a atlas of Silhet, Chitta-
ons paste siohe cat border of [Bengal where it flowers:
in May, and the seeds ripen in October and November,
Coffea, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAS 539
Branchleis opposite, round, smooth, and slender, Leaves
opposite, short-petioled, broad-lanceolar, entire, acuminate,
smooth, and glossy on both sides; from four to five inches
long, and scarcely two broad, ‘Stipules generally bifid, Seg-
ments sitbulate. Peduncies terminal and axillary, several to-
gether, long, slender, straight, one-flowered. Calyx four or
five-toothed. Tube of the corol long, slender, somewhat cla-
vate, smooth; segments of the border four or five, length of
the tube, ensiform, spreading. Filaments scarcely any. An-
thers four or five, linear, inserted within the tube, their api-
ces even with its mouth. Germ inferior, turbinate, two-cell-
ed, with one ovudum in each cell, attached to the middle of.
the partition. Style two-cleft. Stigmas simple. Berry in- °
ferior, round, size of a small cherry, smooth, when ripe black-
ish purple, and with but a small portion of pulp, one or two~
celled ; generally one-celled, the other cell being abortive,
and then the berry has an oblique direction. Seeds solitary,
when the berry is two-celled nearly round ; when one-celled,
flat on one side and conyex on the other, in which case there
is a deep round cavity on the flat side. Perisperm conform
to the seed, horny. Embryo erect, very small, and lodged
in an » oblique. direction in the middle of the convex side of
( rm, With the two reniform cotyledons pomiing uP
and in, the obleng radicle out and down, tcnmbverd:
- 2. C. arabica. Willd. spec. i, 973.
Leaves oblong, ovate, acuminate. Flowers axillary, crowd-
ed. Stamina without the tube of the quinquifid Sanh
Coffee. Fothergill’s Works, ii. p. 279. t. 3. :
A native of Arabia, and now common in both leihie i
Bengal it — in iia en erTi¢ —
ber.
Tn the West Indies Coffee plies are said to produce on an
average from six to sixteen ounces of clear coffee annually,
Fothergill’s Works, ii. p. 323. At St. Domingo they caleu-
late on one pound per plant, At Jamaica one pound and a
540 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Coffea.
half, and at Terra-Firma two pounds, where the plants stand
in quincunx, at from four to eight feet according to the rich-.
ness of the soil. English Translation of Depon’s Travels in
South America, i, 434, 1809-10. Two middling plants at
the age of six or seven years produced in the Botanie garden
in one year or crop, seven pounds of the dry berries which
gave three pounds of clean coffee, equal to the Jamaica pro-
duce,
3. C. bengalensis. R.
Shrubby. Leaves opposite, oblong. Flowers axillary,
Segments of the corol oblong. Filaments none, Anthers
long and within the tube. :
This i is evidently distinct from C, arabica, It is found in-
digenous amongst the mountains of the north-east frontier,
_- chiefly about Silhet, and trom thence brought many years,
ago to Calcutta where it was for some time much cultivated
under the idea of its being the real coffee of Arabia. It is’
now neglected, being of an inferior quality, and not produc-
tive; however the number and beauty of its flowers entitle
it to a conspicuous place in the flower garden, Flowering:
time the beginning of the hot season.
. Root ramous. Trunk short, and clothed with rachel
horizontal, opposite. branches, and branchlets, to the surface.
of the earth, forming in our gardens, a pyramidical bush of
from four to six feet in height. Leaves opposite, sub-sessile,
from ovate to oblong ; smooth on both sides, obtuse, pointed
as in C, arabica (both are now. before me just.t: aken from the
plants,) here are also pores in the axills of the nerves on the
under side, Stipules within, subulate. Flowers in the axills
of the leaves, and of the young shoots, sub-sessile, pure white;
generally from one to three, though sometimes more. Mar-
gin of the ealyx crowned with an undetermined number of —
minute sige Corol contorted ; divisions of the border. pb-,
Morinda, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNTA, 541
Germ turbinate. Style not quite half the length of the tube,
Stigma two-cleft ; divisions nearly as long as the style. Ber-
ry two-seeded, size of a small cherry, when ripe black.
4. C. pedunculata, R.
Shrubby. Leaves elliptic, sub-sessile, smooth, and entire,
Peduneles terminal, and axillary, many together, long, one-
flowered. Stamina within the slender, smooth tube of the
corol,
A native of the Moluccas,
5. C. angustifolia. R. :
Leaves lanceolate, entire, firm, and polished. Panicles
axillary, mouth of the corol hairy ; segments of the border li-
near, longer than the tube, and about as long as psi —.
exsert anthers.
-A native of Pigeon Istand,: one Ser the Malay Arehipe:
lago,
_MORINDA. Schreb. gen. N. 317.
Floteshe aggregate. Calyx superior, five-toothed. Corol
- ‘Germ from two to four-celled ; cells one or
sienedded:s tntiadlbinbat interior. Stigma aos cbaht Ber-
gies aggregate, Embryo erect, and furnished with a peri-
4 — et HAs: i
hy: Mita Wiild. apet- i, 992. Gert. et bao 3
posite to every other solitary leaf, tik si between, An-
a ac ger occa ale ese Fruit ovate, pice
% whitest ee
Cado-pilava, Reed, Mal i. 97. t. 52. poo
ahates latifolia. Rumph. Amb. iii. 158. t. 99,
542 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAg Morinda.
An elegant small tree, with straight trunk, and numerous,
decussated, assurgent branches, a position they generally —
take from the weight of the fruit, and constant exuberant fo-
liage.. From Pegu it has been introduced into the Botanic
garden at Calcutta, where it is in constant fruit, and flower
the whole year. It does not appear to be a native of Bengal,
nor did I ever meet with it on the coast of Coromandel; but
the species which I formerly considered as citrifolia is com-
mon in both countries, and the description and drawings
thereof were sent to the Honourable the Court of Directors,
That species, which however is quite distinct, I now call
tinctoria, as it is the sort most in use for dying.
~ Bark of young trees, or their trunk, light ash-coloured and
smooth; young shoots somewhat four-cornered, smooth and
lucid, Leaves opposite to each other, or to a peduncle, short-
petioled, from oblong to oval, lucid, entire, rather obtuse ;
from five to ten inches long, and from three to five broad.
Stipules large, semi-lunar, entire, smooth, Peduneles solita-
ry, opposite to a solitary leaf on the upper side of the branch-
lets, erect, short, cylindric, smooth, each supporting a small
aggregate head of small white flowers.. Calyx an entire
margin round the apex of the germ, Coro funnel-shaped ;
mouth of the tube hairy. Border five-parted, segments lan-
ceolate, acute. Filaments five, woolly, inserted into the tube
of the corol, a little above its middle. Anthers linear, erect,
half hid in the tube. Germs firmly united, single, two-cell-
ed, each cell containing two ovula, attached to opposite ends
of the wings of the large, thick, fleshy partition, Style length
of the tube of the corol. Stigma two-cleft. Berries com-
pound, size of a pullet’s egg or even longer, obtuse, when
ripe pale-white, polished, and succulent, as doscriivad —
aes by Gertner,
_ Obs, Its roots are employed by lie’ tntioels like those of
sere ter specie o dye red, 331
Morinda. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, §43
2. Mz tinetoria. R. . :
Leaves oblong, sub-sessile, opposite to each other, or to
the solitary one-flowered peduncles. Stamina enclosed. Stig- —
ma exsert,
Sans, Uchyoota,
Hind, and Beng. Ach. See Asiat. Res, iv. 3544,
Teling. Tagaroo.
- This small tree I have found pretty common in every
part of India, where I have been. It is in flower and fruit the
greater part, if not the whole of the year. :
- Trunk seldom straight, and only a few feet in height, but
supporting a pretty large, ramous, shady head. Bark co-
_ vered with an ash-coloured, deeply-cracked, corky crust.
Leaves opposite, except where there is a peduncle, in that
case, solitary, the peduncle occupying the place of the other_
leaf, short-petioled, oblong, entire, smooth on both sides, but
not lucid like citrifolia, pale underneath, from six to ten
inches long. Stipules within the leaves, as in the other Ru-
biacee. Peduneles leaf-opposite, ex panding, about an inch
long, supporting an oval head of aggregate, pure white, Jas-
mine-like, fragrant flowers, Calyx as in the genus.
- The compound fruit is well described by Gertner in his
eipeiesiy and figures of M. citrifolia.
Obs, The bark of the roots is used to dye red, seanilonees
fixed with alum, but it is neither bright nor durable. In some
parts of India it is cultivated for the sake of the roots; see
Asiat. Res. iv. In the Circars the dyers use the bark of the .
fresh roots bruised and gently boiled in water for a short
time, the cloth or yarn is prepared in a cold infusion of the
powdered gall of Terminalia Chebuda, in milk and water ; it
is then dried and moistened with alum water, and again dri-
ed, and receives from the above decoghinny i
a red.
» The green fruits are picked lis ‘fie Fiodeon: and eaten oes
their curries, The wood is hard and very durable, varie-
544 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNTA, Morinda,
gated with red and white, it is employed for gun-stocks in
preference to all other kinds,
3. M. bracteata. R. .
Arboreous, straight. Leaves opposite to each other or to
a peduncle, oblong, polished. Anthers within the woolly
mouth of the tube. Stigma exsert. Heads bracted,
Bancudus angustifolia. Rumph, Amb. iii. p. 157. t. 98. has
the process of the calyx of my plant, but I cannot say they:
agree in other respects. :
It is a native of the Ganjam district ; from thence Mr. Snod-
grass sent the seeds to the Botanic garden at Calcutta, where
the tree thrives well, and is in blossom during the hot and
rainy seasons,
Trunk straight. Branches opposite, decussate, smooth.
Leaves opposite to each other or to a peduncle, short-petiol-
ed, oblong, acute, smooth, polished, deep green on both sides,
margins entire, length from six to twelve inches, Stipules
large, with semi-circular apices. Peduncles solitary, and al-
ways opposite to a leaf, round, smooth, from one to two inches
long, supporting a single, small head, of small pure white
flowers. In tinetoria and exserta the peduncle is often in
the axill of a small leaf, which stands opposed to the large
one. Calyx ; perianth proper, a tumid margin round the
crown of the germ, frequently a small portion thereof grows
_Seehe: @ Tong linear-laneeolate, permanent leaflet. Corol
- funnel-shaped ; mouth of the tube very woolly. Filaments
short, Anthers Vinear, lodged amongst the wool, but entire-
ly within the mouth of the tube. Stigma two-cleft, and. ele-
vated about the mouth of the tube. Berry aggregate, size
varying from that of a crab-apple, to that of a small nutmeg,
single berries several, obovate, size of a pea with around eye
on the apex. Nut or seeds four, the shell or cover uniform-
ly convex on the outside, and on the inside concave, with an
_ elevate d convexity near the top which covers a void cell, the
fertile cell occupies ihe ile lag, axl oucty ee
Morinda, _ PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.. 545
breadth of the nut, (for so I may call the hard, smooth, brown
integument of which it is formed,) but is much compressed,
Obs. I have not learned thatthe root of this species is used
in dyeing, but have no doubt of its possessing qualities simi-.
lar to the roots of all the other Baie of the genus that [ have
yet met with, _ ;
# M, exserta. R. -
Arboreous, Leaves opposite to each other or to a pedun-
cle, ovate, pointed, Stamens above the tube, Stigma rather ,
within, ‘
Beng. Bhun-autch, or Bun-aal.
_ A tree of rather small stature; a native of Bengal. Flower-
ing time the hot and rainy season ; seed ripe in about twelve
sor thirteen months afterwards.
_ Trunk from six to twelve feet high, often anne on
and covered with deep cracked, spongy, ash-coloured bark,
Branches spreading in eyery direction; branchlets opposite,
smooth; young shoots somewhat four-sided, in some. plants
smooth, i in others: villous. Leaves opposite, short-petioled,
oval, or yentricose-oyal, pointed, margins entire, but waved ;
in some plants smooth, of a deep shining green on both sides; ;
_others downy, from four to six inches long, and from ic,
% to four broad. Stipules interfoliaceous, entire, emarginate or
bifid, Peduncles generally solitary, though sometimes there
“are two together, leaf-opposed, or in the axill of a small leaf,
opposed to one of the usual size, round, smooth, about an inch
“Tong, each supporting a round aggregate head of many pure
White, Jasmine-ltke flowers. In very luxuriant young: eee
find oF Aowreds ‘exch arait. ‘alyx sca any.
funnel-shaped._ Border of mee emis Taticcolates ae ex-
- panding divisions. Filaments inserted on the mouth of the
tube, in the division. of its margin; erect, Anthers linear.
Germ beneath, fonr-celled, with one ovule, Style length of
: ‘the tube of the corol. Stigma even with its mouth and two,
oe VO, 1 li
546 - PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Morinda.
cleft. Berry (rather drupe) aggregate, oval. Seeds or nut
regularly four and distinct to each proper berry, forming a
square, inserted pyramid, each one-seeded. Here the abdr-
tive cell is scarcely visible.
Obs. This species is immediately known by its exsert sta-
mens, half-concealed stigma, and broad-pointed leaves. In
all the other species figured and described by me, viz. citri- -
folia, tinctoria, bracteata, multiflora, and angustiflora the sta-
mens are enclosed, and the style exserted.
5. M. — R.
Sub-arboreous, Leaves opposite, SblougFentricoeds dow-
ny. Peduncles terminal and leaf-opposed, gupennd, An-
thers within ; ; stigma exert.
Aal the vernacular name at at Rapes: s
A native of Berar. From Nagpore the seed was sent by
Mr. Colebrooke, Resident at the Court of Rughoojee Bunsla,
to the Botanic garden at Calcutta in 1801. By the close of
the same year the plants were in blossom, and in one year
more they have grown to large ramous shrubs, and now in
eight years they are small trees and in constant flower ; may
farther remark that notwithstanding all the other four species
of Morinda already described and figured by me, grow to
be small trees, they generally towabin the first year of their
growth if the soil is good and the plants taken good care of,
_ Leaves very short-petioled, opposite, or opposite to a pe-
di 07 val, aes. at each end, acute, margins waved ; 3
six inches long, anid hen two to three broad. ‘Stipules inter-
foliaceous. Peduncles variously disposed, viz. axillary, oppo-
site to a leaf, and terminal, one or more from the same place,
and often compound ; round, villous, from two to four inches
long. Heads sub-globular, many-flowered. Receptacles,
ly and corol as in the genus, Filaments short. Anthers
i apices: even with ‘the mouth of the tube of the :
Morinda, ; PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. BAT
the anthers. Berry, rather drupe, aggregate, ovate-oblong ;
surface very unequal, size of alarge mulberry, Seeds or nuts
regularly four to’ each proper berry’ or drupe of the com-
pound fruit, obliquely wedge-shaped ; three-celled, two of
them empty, the third with a single seed, as accurately de-
scribed and figured by Gertner in Morinda citrifolia. . _
- Obs, This. plant is cultivated about Nagpore as the other
species are in various, other: parts of India, and for the same
’ purpose, (see Asiat, Res, iv, 35—44.)
6. M. angustifolia. R.
Shrubby, erect. Leaves opposite to each other or to a
peduncle, lanceolar, bullate. Heads solitary. Flowers nu-
merous. Anthers concealed deep within the tube; stigma
exsert. Berries distinct, on a glomerate receptacle, succulent,
four-seeded, 7
_ An erect, thinly branched shrub, was found at Chittagong
by Dr. Buchanan, and from thence sent to the Botanic gar-
den ‘at Caleutta’i in 1798, where it blossonis in March, and
the seéds ripen in May. —
Trink straight, with a few erect branches. Bark light
ash-coloured ; height of the whole plant about four or five
feet, Leaves opposite, or single when a peduncle occupies
the place of the other, sub-sessile, recurved, lanceolate, bal-
late, smooth, entire, about six inches long and less than two
wide. ‘Stipules opposite, sub-cordate, interfoliaceous, united
into'a ring and remaining long after their respective leaves
drop. Peduncles solitary, short, seemingly terminal when
they begin to blossom, but soon after the brancblet shoots out
from between each peduncle and its respective opposite leaf,
which marks their proper situation | to be oppositifolius.
Heads. solitary, globular, many, viz, from fifty toa hundred-
flowered. Flowers. ‘pure white, in size and shape like those
of the common ; - Jasmine, Calyx. merely an almost entire,
marginal ring round the base of the tube of the corol. Corel
fannel-shaped, Filamenis short, inserted rather below. the
1i2
548 - PENTANDRIA MONOGYNTA. Loranthus.
middle of the tube of the corol. Anthers linear, hid in the
middle of the tube. Stigma exsert, two-lobed. Berries in
general distinct, but a small proportion of them only comes to.
perfection, sessile, the size of a large pea, succulent, deep
shining black, with very dark daldured pulp. . Seeds four;
each two- celled, with the inner cell large and empty. ~~
Obs, The root of this shrub is also wed i in dyeing by the
natives of India where the plant is in plenty.
7. M. scandens. R.*
Shrubby, scandent; /eaves oblong, lanceolate. Umbels
terminal, simple, berries round, three or six-seeded. —
A stout scandent shrub of several fathoms in extent, found
‘common in the hills which form the east side of Point de Galle
Bay or harbour. In flower and fruit in March, Stes <9
LORANTHUS.+ Schreb. gen. N. 600. Pa ipe iy
Calyx uncertain. Corol generally one-petalled, snd oft
nregular. Germ inferior, one-celled, one-seeded ; attachment
superior. Berry one-seeded. Embryo i nthe. ae froeiet
witha weHEm. ee ie aa
ik: se bicolor, Roxb. prenar ii, 19. re 139,
Leaves opposite; oblong, smooth, .Racemes axillary.
ssn five-cleft.. Stamens five. Berry oblong..
San: rikshadunee, desea an Toile
ge
. * This mn was discovered by Dr. ‘Roxburgh ons last voyage
to England, and the accompanying short description was sent to
“me from Ceylon.—W. C.
+ This genus is usually placed in Heimat Monogynia, but as
‘Dr. Roxburgh in the last copy he made of the Flora Indica, before
s e left this Beg? fh removed it to Peri ‘it ee where
~
7 are so.—W. C.
honanthus © PENTANDRIA MONOGENIQ, = 8 $40
find, and Beng. Bura-manda, © ) ‘
~ Yellinga-wadinika of the Telingas ; (wadinika means s pa-
rasitical,) ; :
Is always found. growing pee "the branches of various
ade of trees, . and, is_yery ramous. Flowers during the
greatest part of the year, and is highly ornamental,
_ Trunk: scarcely, any. . Branches. numerous, ascending,
woody ; ; bark gray. Leaves nearly opposite, sessile, or very
_ short-petioled, from oval to linear-lanceolate, waved, entire,
reclined, veins scarcely any ; from three.to fiye inches long,
and from half an inch to an inch and a half broad, Racemes
axillary, single, simple, sub-erect, many-flowered, Flowers
in size and appearance very much like those of the honey-~
suckle. Bractes, a small, concave, cordate one, pressing on
the base of the germs on one side, Calyx, there is no other
perianth of the fruit than the above-mentioned bracte; that
of the flower is cup-shaped, entire, permanent. Corol one-
petalled, Tube long, a little curved, swelling from the bot-—
tom to within a third of the mouth, then contracting a little ;
border five-parted, upper fissures much the deepest ; segments
linear, reflexed towards one side, Filaments five, from the
base of the segments of the corol, short. Anthers linear,
Germ inferior, naked, Style length of the corol, Stigma
clubbed. Berry inferior, crowned with the remaining calyx,
eblong, smooth, pulpy, one-celled. Seeds single,
.1Qbs; This is a handsome looking parasite, bearing saint
number of very beautiful flowers; its foliage also looks very
well. All that part of the br tear of the tree above ace
grr becomes sickly and soon perishes. ...
It should be compared with L, longiflorus, oe. differs
from Geertner’s Lonicera zeylanica in not Eiea calyx
of the fruit, and in having only five parts in the corol ; but
in the racemes they agree. I cannot Feroncile it with L. fal-
all parasitic Socio It i is probable that all the names here cited
1i3
550. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Loranthus.
catus of Linnzeus’s supplementum, nor with L. loniceroides,
Linn. for here the inflorescence bears no resemblance to an
involucred umbe]. Neither can it be L. pentandrus, as there
the leaves are alternate, with petioles nearly as long as the
racemes; in short I cannot well reconcile it to any of the hi-”
therto described species. It unites the two genera of Loran-—
thus and Lonicera. In Bengal I have found it with leaves
from five to aix inches long, and four or five broad. -
2. L. Scurrula, Willd. _— li, 232.— Roxb. veer: ii. 19.
tab. 140.
- Leaves opposite, ovate, underneath abwtie. Flowers ax-
illary, fascicled. Corol ee four-cleft ; stamens nee
Berries turbinate.
The Telingas have no other name for this than Wadinika.
It is also a parasitical shrub, but considerably smaller than
the last and much more scarce ; grows upon branches of trees
in the same manner. Flowers during the wet season. :
Leaves opposite, petioled, cordate, scolloped, covered with _
soft, white down underneath; about two inches long, and
one anda half broad. Peduncles numerous, collected in the ©
axills, one or more-flowered. Flowers considerably smaller —
than in the last species, of a rusty gray colour, and covered
with gray farinaceous dust. Bractes one, pressing on the germ. \
as in the last. Calyx of the fruit no other than the bracte
igo flower; as in the former. Corol one-petalled ; tube
ds the base. Border four-parted, upper fissure _
deepest; - division Tinear, reflexed ; ; stamens four, the pistil as _—
in the Jast species. Berry top-shaped, one-seeded, ps
3. L, siihcinue R.
Leaves opposite, oblong, smooth ; spikes 7 Corols
regular, six-cleft. Berries round, oviids etal
_Kenneli-itti kauni, Rheed, Mel xi * sakes (erie came!
~ Beng. Chhota-manda.— dj haetiaty Stes
A ramous shrubby prs, Uke the two specs lready
Loranthus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 551
devittbods grows common on. trees —— pl
Flowers all the year.
Leaves generally opposite, ‘ini sometimes nliewilaieg
and also three-fold, short-petioled, oblong, smooth, entire, of
a thick leathery texture, almost veinless ; from two to three
inches Jong. -Racemes, or rather spikes, axillary, or between
the leaves, or from the old axills, generally solitary, though
sometimes there are two or even three together, much short-
er than the leaves. Flowers opposite, from three to six paits
on the spike, sessile, small, greenish orange colour. “Bractes
no other than the perianth of the fruit. Calyx. Perianth of
the fruit inferior, two-leaved, the under and exterior cordate,
the: inner two-toothed; that. of the flower no other than the
circular margin of the pit which receives the flower. Corol
one-petalled ; twbe gibbous, six-sided, Border.six-parted,
divisions alike, and cut equally deep, reflected. . Filaments
six, erect, inserted into the base of the divisions of the corol,
Germ ovate. Style the length of the stamens. Stigma
large, glandular, naveled, . Berry inferior, round, oval, size
of a pea, smooth, when ripe the pulp is yellow, clammy, and
elastic, which makes them adhere to the branches of trees
where they germinate, resting on three permanent calyciform
bractes and crowned with a ring where the corol stood
round the permanent base of the style, one-celled.. Seeds
solitary, conform to the berry. Jntegument single, white,
tough, and clammy, marked with twelve. whitish striz.
Perisperm.conform to the seed, six-grooved, green. Embryo
central, inverse, straight, pale green, nearly as long as the’
perisperm. Cotyledons two, linear-oblong. Phanesee minste,
Young. sheeiaen well. espa santas ida of the oval labios
long, slender, tetrandrous, regular ; flower, fruit, and etlc
cels Bote with much ferruginous nei
Tia Ree
552 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Loranthus.
Found by Mr. W. Roxburgh growing on trees in the sp
ests of Pulo Pinang. bed
» 6.1L. mvolueratus. R. Ag des
Leaves opposite, ovate-cordate, smooth. Umbellets axil-
lary. Involucres four-leaved, four-flowered ; flowers —
lar, pentandrous, .
A stout parasitical shrub, found on trees in the Petectt
' the eastern border of Bengal, where it blossoms — _ of
the year.
* Branches while young clothed with smooth, abschinay eric
bakivietoemdis Eeaves opposite, short-petioled, ovate and ovate-
cordate, sides often unequal, as’ in most of the plants of this
genus, entire, smooth on both sides ; from three to four inches
long. Umbellets axillary, crowded, sub-sessile, much shorter .
than the leaves. Involucres four-leaved, four-flowered ; leaf=
lets ovate-lanceolate, smooth, entire. #lowers sessile, pretty
large, equalling the involucre. » Calyx superior, short, five>
toothed, villous, Corol; tube widening toward the mouth,
villous. Border regular, five-parted ; segments linear, revo-
lute. Filaments equalling the segments of the corol, and in+
serted on°them below their middle. Anthers oval. Germ
oval, sericeous. ‘Style rather sisi than the corol. —_
two-lobed. - sels ys
6. L. ampulacns. R.
ple. > Flowers uadyeied; aeestiog hexandrous; tube ot the
corol gibbous. Berries long, oval. . “0S
Found on trees in the forests of Silhet, but seems to piehit
the mango tree to all others, Flowers in the ars somes aa
= the whole year round, sah
Stems as in our other Indian species, the size aoe eke
‘very uncertain, but numerous, bifid, trifid,. or -quadifid,
— > arora sere eee spre n-all |
Loranthus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAs 553
three to: four inches long, and generally less than two in
breadth. Racemes axillary, solitary, or in pairs, much shorter
than the leaves. Flowers opposite, short-pedicelled, pretty
large, greenish yellow. Bractes oval, one at the:base of each
pedicel, and two pressing the base of the germ like an inferi-
or, bilabiate, calyx. Calyx superior, entire, rotate, Corol
regular; tube gibbous; border six-cleft ; divisions. revolute,
somewhat spatulate. Filaments six, from the mouth of the
tube of the corol, length of its segments, . Anthers ovate.
Germ inferior, one-celled, and containing one ovule attached
tothe top of the cell. Style longer than the corol, Stigma
large. Berry inferior, long-oval, smooth, yellow, size of a
currant, one-celled: Pulp pale yellow, very clammy, Seeds
solitary, ovate. Inteyuments two ; exterior marked with six.
~ dongitudinal fibres; inner membranaceous. Perisperm ¢on-
form to the seed, six-grooved, green. Embryo cylindric,
inverse, Cotyledons short, semi-cylindric. Radiele cylindric,
with a tarbinate apne aoee above me Sas inverse.
dipa: ;
ey fe Pe slides R
Leaves opposite, ssenididanaaslanee Siew isctieed, fow
together, tetrandrous; corods irregular, four-cleft; berries
clavate.
A delicate, shrubby parasite ; found in the Silhet district
bid on Averrhoa: Carambola.
8. L. pentapetalus. R.
«Leaves opposite, from lanceolate to oval-cordate, and -
Tiqualy attenuate smooth. atime ax Ula ieee:
A Laie, very ramous, shrubby Splits Sobdagiomringidh
various tees in the forests of Silhet. ee
the ning of the rainsin Jane.
_ Branches and branchlets eat sed nick: ‘aaetili
Leaves opposite, petioled, from lanceolate to ovate-cordate,
obliquely attenuate from the middle to the apex, entire,
“e
554 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNTA, Hamiltonia,
smooth, from three to four inches long, and about two broad.
Racemes axillary, solitary, or paired, straight, simple, often as"
long as the leaves, smooth. Flowers very numerous, short-
pedicelled, small, scattered, red. Bractes, an oval one em-
braces the base of the germ on the outside. Calyx superior,
rather small, sub-entire, smooth. Petals five, the base of each
swelled out intoa fleshy, three-sided body, giving to:the bot-—
tom of the corol a globular form and meeting in the centre,
leaving only a small aperture for the style; above tongue-
shaped, and recurved. Filaments five, inserted on the petals ;
anthers obovate. Germ oblong, one-celled, and containing
one ovule, pendulous from the top of the cell. Style four-sid-
ed, jointed, or appearing so near the middle. Stigma a little
enlarged. Berries oblong, smooth, greenish-yellow, one- _
seeded. Grea o eg ee sari tS ob!
HAMILTONIA. Sake
Calyx five-cleft, Corol infundibuliform. Germ cnedelll
ed, five-seeded ; attachment of the ovula inferior. Stigma —
five-cleft. Capsules inferior, one-celled, five-valved. » Seeds.
five, lattice-arilled. Embryo erect, and furnished with, a
— p LL eR
1. i. cabins R. y
Shrabby. Leaves opposite, bonnes Sines ined
terminal, umbelliform heads. — nLShe leew ie aghast sae tri:
This charming, ee shrub was found. wild on—
the Rajmuhal hills by Mr. William Roxburgh, jun. and by.
him introduced into the Botanic garden at Calcutta, where it —
blossoms during the cold season, It is named after Mr. Wil-..
liam Hamilton of the Wood-lands near Philadelphia in North
America, an eminent botanist, and the first who was at'the
expense of erecting a conservatory in that country for the pre-
servation of oe a hot climate. ns:
Hamiltonia: PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 555
tion for having enriching it with —_— of the choicest ate
of the New World. aoe
Stem stout, shrubby ; branches opposite, cross-armed, as-
cending. Bark of the igneous parts ash-coloured, with dark
purple specks; general height from six to ten feet. Leaves
opposite, short-petioled, broad-lanceolate, smooth, entire,
from three to six inches long. Stipules or rather connecting _
membranes broad, ensiform. Flowers sessile, i in terminal co-
rymbiform heads, on short, trichotomous branchlets, numer-
ous, pure white, and ‘delightfully fragrant. Bractes ensi-
form, villous; several surrounding each fascicle or head of
flowers, as well as intermixed amongst them, Calyx superior,
five-cleft, permanent ; divisions subulate. Corol one-petal--
led, funnel-shaped. Tube slender, widening a little towards
the mouth. Border consisting of five, spreading, oblong di-.
visions. Filaments five, very. short, inserted into the tube of
the corol a little within its mouth, Anthers half- erect, li-
near. Germ inferior, one-celled, and containing five distinct
chambers attached to the bottom of the cell, which now,
thick and succulent, become the net-like aril of the ripe
seed ; each chamber contains one ovulum attached to its bot-
tom, Capsules the size of a pea, oblong, crowned with the
calyx, one-celled, five-valved, opening from the apex. Seeds.
five when all come to maturity, which is very seldom the: case,
their shape differing according to the number attached to the
bottom of the cell, each enveloped in a beautiful, dry net-like -
aril, Integument single, dark blackish-brown, friable. Pe-
risperm in very small quantity, indeed it may be called an
inner integument. Embryo conform to the seed, erect; c0-
iyledons two, cordate, foliaceous, with a doubling down n the
middle. | Plumula minute.’ Radicle oblong, inferior, point-
ing to the umbilicus, ee ones cai ig Gert, =~ |
tiv 684 te 194,
AF ett Peel i a ALS, sae
ting, ne ‘pilosa. Soe ‘by? eee RES : é ;
Shrubby, scan ‘edibetingAd bing! Leaves opposite, —
; Gae..
556 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Mussaenda,
short-petioled, lanceolate, entire. lowers in axillary fasci-
cles, mixed amongst many long, very hairy bractes,
_ Anative of the Moluccas. :
MUSSAENDA, Schreb. gen. N. 326."
Cah yst five-cleft. Corol funnel-shaped. Stamina, within
the'tube,. Germ inferior, two-celled;_ cells many-seeded ;
attachment: of the ovula two canine receptacles, inserted
onthe partition. Stigma two-cleft, . Capsules two-celled,
three-vyalvyed. _ Seeds numerous, ) |
ere M. corymbosa, Roxb. -
-« Shrabby,;. erect. . - Corymbs . terminal. Leaves oblong,
smooth.
_, Native of Ceylon, Malabar, =o In the Botanic garden
at Calcutta it grows to be a stout, aigidly erect, ramous
shrub, and is in blossom during the rains, at which time few
plants surpass it in beauty, ’
_ Trunk straight ; branches. many, decussate. Bark pit
coo opposite, short-petioled, oblong, pointed, entire,
smooth on both sides, from six to nine inches long, and from
three to four broad, Involucre or floral leaves long- petiol-
ed, generally one to each primary division of the corymb,
of an oval form, acute, pure white, smooth on. both sides, five
«
n-nerved,. Petioles. of the oral leone lawson
cordate base, tapering fo an acute point, “Corymbs terminal,
compound and decompound, smooth, Bracies ovate-lanceo-
late. Flowers numerous, and uncommonly beautiful. Calyx
five-parted; divisions erect, bristle-shaped, smooth. Corol
funnel-shaped. Tube slender, more than twice the length
=o. the calyx, swelled a little about the middle, where the
iS are ge mouth closed with
at AS sia" Ser ee ee eae é
Bo ‘der of * . o to
‘ fly ve. nem Se ee ERE FE a, Oe PEPER GS Eee
. +
- »
Bacobotrys. |§ PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAS 557
on the upper side convex, villous, of a deep’ but bright
orange colour, and greenish underneath, Filaments five,
short, inserted into the middle of the tube. _Anthers linear,
hid in the tube. Germ inferior, two-celled; ovu/a numer-
ous, on a pedicelled jugiform receptacle, projecting above
the insertion and far below it. ‘Style half the length of the
tube of the corol. Stigmas two. Capsule oval, oe
two-valved. Seeds numerous, —
Obs. In some parts of India the white floral tives are
‘brought to table as an esculent herb.
2. M. frondosa, Willd. sp. i. 997.
Shrubby, erect. Leaves oblong, acuminate, villous.. Pa-
nicles terminal, dichotomous, villous. i RS STHT
- M. Zeylanica. Burm. Zeyl. 165. t. 76. 1 = oils
’ Belilla. Rheed. Mal. ii. 27. tab. 17. fine |
- A native of various parts of India; in stig Botanic Sault
at Calcutta it grows to be a pretty large shrub, but with few
branches, at least when compared to the preceding species,
but the flowers, which appear about the end of the rains and _
= so = cool — are larger and of a brighter co- ©
Jour.
fen Btts oe? e
=
BAEOBOTRYS. Schreb. gen. N. 318. 3
pays five-parted, Corol tubular. Germ sink: infiniti,
snivalled, many-seeded, attached to a free, inferior, central
med meee ‘Berry — many-seeded,
+ oye Pye ee’ -
7: B. facia: Fe Peaghe migse? GA AE A PEO ES,
Shrubby. Leaves ineebaata® Visits hoe, Cady’ ser-
Tate. Racers ‘axillary, ant terminal ; the soem ones more
A larg Shih a native dk Chitlaninig: ii ths Hotabe gar-
a = at Calcutta it flowers in February, March and te hat
rarely perfects its seeds there,
558 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Baeobotrys.
It appears to differ from Vahl’s B. lanceolata. Symb. i.
p. 19. ¢. 6. in the leaves being shorter-petioled, and more
grossly serrate ; as well as in the inflorescence.
Trunk erect, in plants eight or ten years old_as thick as a
man’s lee. Branches numerous, exiending down. to the
ground, straight and nearly erect; Bark smooth, dark. brown,
general height of the whole plant from eight to twelve feet,
Leaves alternate, rather short-petioled, ventricose-oblong, ta-
pering to an acute point, remotely and deeply repand, ser-
rate, pretty smooth on both sides, and glossy on the upper
surface, veins large and parallel, from three to six inches long,
and from one to two and a half broad. Stipules none. Racemes —
axillary, and terminal, often several together, some of them
ramous, much shorter than the leaves ; the terminal one gene-
rally panicled. Flowers numerous, Serine: short-pedicel-
led, small, pure white, Bractes one at the base of each pedicel,
and two pressing on the calyx. Calyz single, semi-supera,
permanent, five-parted, divisions obtuse. Coro/ one-petalled.
Tube short, somewhat gibbous. Border of five equal, round-
ish, expanded segments. Filaments short, inserted into the
tube of the corol, immediately below the middle of the seg- ~
ments of the border, incurved, smooth. Anthers cordate,
converging in form of a dome over the apex of the pistillum.
Germ semi-inferior, broad-ovate, one-celled, containing nu-
merous ovula from the bottom of the cell. Style short. Stigma
tending to be lobate.. Berry inferior, crowned with the per- _
calyx, round, smooth, dry, size of a grain of black
popper bas tela evalvular. Receptacle round-cordate, free,
attached to the bottom of the cell, as in Primula, Ke, Gert,
sem. i, 233. t. 50. Seeds numerous, angular,
2. B. ramentacea. R.
_Shrubby. Leaves ere lanceolate, acuminate, entire,
- smooth, . Panicles: terminal, axillary, and lateral, ramentnce-
ous, Se ries minute, white, succulent,
doriya is the vernacular name at Silliet, ne ft.
Baeobotrys. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 559
digenous._ It_grows to be a pretty large shrub, blossoms i in
March and April; and the seeds ripen in October mu Novem
*
ber.
Leaves ae short-petioled, lanceolate, acuminate, e1 en-
"tire, smooth, from two to six inches long. Panicles terminal,
axillary, and lateral, numerous, small, crowded with small,
abortive, ferruginous, ramentaceous branchlets. lowers
small, greenish-yellow. Bractes ferruginous, small, subulate,
Calyx five-parted, almost five-leaved. Corol; tube very
small, Border of five orbicular, veined segments, Filaments
five, short, inserted into the tube of the corol. Anthers two-
lobed, broad-ovate. The germ may be called superior, ovate,
smooth, one-celled ; ovuda numerous, on a sub-cylindric re-
ceptacle, rising from the base of the cell, Style short. Stigma
two or three-lobed.. Berries completely inferior, size. of a
grain of black pepper, white, smooth, succulent, one-celled,
Ceil formed by a white, pretty hard, but thin, nuciform inte-
gument, Seeds several, minute, angular, black, pitted, at-
tached to the free, central receptacle, as in the germ. Integu-
ments uncertain, on account of the diminutive size of the seed,
Perisperm soft, juicy, dark-coloured. Embryo sub-cylindric,
transverse, oe
“3. B. semoritieg: Willd. spec. i. 992.
Shrubby. Leaves alternate, ovate-oblong, repand-dentate,
smooth. Racemes axillary, short, and crowded,
_ Mulmooriya is the vernacular name in Silhet, where it is in-
digenous and grows tothe size of a pretty large, very ramous,
upright shrub, It aoe in March, and the goods ripe in
May.
Branches and ‘brisibhis ‘numerous, Suki reek, aid
and pretty smooth. Bark of the old woody parts brown, of
the young shoots green, Leaves alternate, petioled, ovate-
oblong, margins repand, serrate-dentate, (for there is a mix-
ture of the whole,) in some acuminate, both sides smooth, tex-
ture firm, three or four inches long, by two broad, Racemes
560° PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Verbascum,
axillary, about twice the length of the petioles, ramous, and:
crowded with minute white flowers. Bractes subulate, one-
flowered, beside one or two broader on the short petioles, or
pressing the calyx. Calyx campanulate, five-parted.. Corol
with a very short tube, and a border of five oval segments,
Filaments five, inserted into the tube, under the middle of
the segments of the border, short, incurved. Germ superior,
one-celled, containing numerous ovula, attached. to a free re-
ceptacle, rising fromthe bottom of the cell, Style short,
Stigma three-lobed. 48 be thy
~4. Bi glabra. Ro. Longs
’ Arboreous, Leaves alternate, scat tnlienlaie, entire,
smooth. Panicles axillary, smooth,
- A slender tree, with straight, smooth branches, and leaves ;
a native of Chittagong, where it flowers in March.
6. B. tetrandra, R. : a pos
~ Leaves alternate, oblong, entire. Racemes sxifley, | Flee
ers tetrandrous, 1 hi
_ A native of the Moluccas, ; oe
ae
-VERBASCUM. Schreb. gen. N. 331.
- Corol rotate, somewhat sid teh Capsules superior, two-
called, two-valved. aos) 2) po
ao
pe 8 v. | Willd. spec. i. 1001.
- Leaves decurrent, downy on. both sides. Stem simple, :
Found by Captain’ Hardwicke amongst the mountains on
his tour to Shreenugura. In the Botanic garden at;Calcutta
it grows to the height of from six to eight feet, the stem still
perfectly straight, but often ramous; it blossoms during the
Physalis, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 561
DATURA. Schreb. gen. N. 332.
Corol ihfundibuliform, plaited, Calyx phat, angular,
deciduous. Capel four-val ved.
1. D, fastuosa, Willd. spec. i..1008, Fleming in Asiat,
Res, xi. *
Annyal, coloured. mail with the two sides unequally
ovate, margins repand, lobate. Flowers double, Fruit round,
‘echinate, drooping.
Beng. Kala-Dhootoora,
_ Stramonia indica tertia, seu Datura rubra. Rumph, Amb. x.
243. t. 87: f. 2.
A native of various parts of India. It flowers during the
rainy and cool season. The dry root smoked is said to relieve
spasmodic asthma. ;
2. D. Metel. Willd. spec. 1009. Fleming. Ibid, 165.
Annual, Leaves with the two sides unequally ovate, mar-
gins repand-lobate. Fruit round, spinous, :
Beng. Dhootoora,
Stramonia indica prima, seu Datura a Rumph., Amb. v.
242, ¢. 87. f. I.
Hummatu. Rheed., Mal. ii, 47. t. 28.
Very common every where over India produces flowers
and seed the whole year,
PHYSALIS. Schreb. gen. N. 336. ‘
Calyx gibbous, five-toothed, Corol rotate. Berry su
aie within the inflated calyx, two-celled, rmany-seeded.
LP. exuosa, Willd. epee: i. 1020.
Shrubby ; branches flexuose, Leaves oblong, often pair-
ed. Flowers axillary, crowded, sessile,
Pevetti. Rheed. Mal. iv, 112. t. 55,
VOL, I, Jj
562 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Physalis.
Beng. Ushwa-gundha.
Teling. Penneroo.
This perennial species is to be found in almost every soil
and situation. Flowers all the year round.
Stems several, erect, shrubby, flexuose, two-forked, round,
downy. Leaves double, short-petioled, ovate, a litde scol-
loped, downy, from two to four inches long. Flowers axil-
lary, sub-sessile, crowded, small, greenish, Cerol campa-
' nulate. Anthers split at the base. Berry red, smooth, size
of a pea.
The Telinga physicians reckon the roots alexipharmic ;
indeed they are all much addicted to the belief of such
powers being present in a great variety of their simples ; hence
the name Naga, (i. e. the hooded snake, Coluber Naga of
Linneus) being so often annexed to that of various plants.
They are as fond of the study of antidotes as the Greek or
Roman physicians were, which will appear the less surpriz- _
ing if we consider the great number of poisonous animals
and plants which abound in the warmer part of Asia, to the
dreadful effects of which they are very often eye-witnesses.
At is therefore very natural for them to attend much more to
this branch of medicine than is done in cold climates, where
there is scarcely an animal of which the bite or sting can be
said to be mortal.
2. PB; Alkekengi. Willd, spec. 1. WORD 355 32 BL oe
_ Herbaceous; branches straggling. ined in pairs, entire,
and somewhat angular. = :
A native of Persia, In the Botanic penien at Calcutta it
flowers during the cool season, but does not thrive in Bengal.
Paks peruvianc, Willd. spec. i, 1022.
_ Biennial or perennial, very ramous, diffuse, pubescent,
eaves double, or single, and then with a branchlet; cor-
| date, Aentate. Flowers eel ee. he cel twondet
=
Solanum. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 563
| Predulis, Sims’ Bot. Mag. 1068. 1 concur with the Mathor,
in referring P. pubescens to the same species,
Beng. Tepuriya, oe
I have only found this in a cultivated state and that on ac-
count of its large, yellowish, palatable berries ; although na-
turally perennial yet the plants are reared annually from seed,
_as they are not fruitful after the first year, The same is the
case with the Capsicums and the many varieties of Solanum
-Melongena,
A. P. minima, Willd. spec. i. 1024.
Annual, ramous, downy. Leaves double or single, and
then with a brancblet, ovate, irregularly dentate. Flowers
solitary, erect. Stigmas entire, Fruit pendulous,
Inota-Inodien. Rheed, Mal. x, ceu Moetoe, _ te 70
_ Beng. Bun Tepuriya.
Hind, Toolat?-pati.
_ A small ramous annual, common on cultivated ground,
both in Bengal and on the coast of Coromandel.
Stem short, but distinct ; branches many, two-forked, striat-
ed, a little downy. Leaves double, except at the divisions
of the branchlets, where they are single, the smaller branch-
Jets occupying the place of the other; unequal, petioled,
cordate, irregularly toothed, downy. on both sides ; from two
to four inches long. Peduneles solitary, axillary, erect, one-
flowered, Flowers small, campanulate, uniform, pale yellow,
and smooth, filaments a little hairy, yellow.
© SOLANUM. Schreb. gen. N.337-
Cal yx five-parted. Corol rotate. Anthers ot ey
gaping at the ar with a quail pore. Berry superior, two-
lays
564 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA; Solanum.
SECT. ‘i Unarmed.
1. S. pubescens. Willd. spec. i. 1026.
Sub-arboreous, unarmed, Leaves alternate, oblong, point-
ed, entire, downy. Cymes dichotomous,
_ Gandira* the Sanscrit name, see Asiat. Res, iv. 258.
Beng. Urusa,
Teling. Rusa-ghedi maun.
Amongst the mountains in the Telinga country this grows
to be a ‘acai or middle-sized tree, with a very thick shady
head, Flowers during the hot season, |
_ Leaves alternate, short-petioled, oblong, abies doanys
from six to ten inches long. Cymes terminal or leaf-oppos-
ed, two-cleft ; ramifications recurved. Flowers small, white,
very numerous. Berry the size of a cherry,
2. S. auriculatum. Willd. spec. i. 1025,
Sub-arboreous, every part downy. Leaves broad-lanceo- oe
late, entire, Stipules axillary, obliquely ovate-cordate.
Cymes in the forks of the branchlets, dichotomous.
A native of Mauritius, and introduced by Captain Tennant,
into the Botanic garden at Calcutta; where it blossoms dur-
ing the rainy and cold seasons, and continues to ripen its fruit
from December till May.
Stem nearly erect, in six years as thick as a man’s leg, and
about eight feet high. Bark smooth, ash-coloured. Branches
dichotomous, spreading much, Branchlets and all the ten-
der parts most completely clothed with sessile and pedicell-
ed, hoary, ‘stellate. pubescence. Leaves alternate, petioled,
broad-lanceolar, tapering to a rather obtuse point, entire ;
clothed underneath like the branchlets ; ; upper surface a little
hairy ; from four to eight inches long, ad two or three broad,
Petioles channelled, downy like the branchlets, Stipules in
sess ile, axillary pairs, obliquely ovate-cordate, large, and re-
curvate round the branchlets, looking m more like small com- Zz
. * Ties probably ee as eae eee pts
Solanum. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 565
mon leaves than stipules, Cymes in the forks of the branchlets
long-peduncled, dichotomous, Ramifications recurvate, sub-
secund, lowers numerous, sub-sessile, small, lively blue-
purple, Berry spherical, size of a small cherry, when ripe of
a dull yellow.
Obs. Independently of the colour of the flowers, the stipul
or axillary leaves render this species readily known; in all
other respects it almost exactly resembles the preceding ; in
that plant there are no stipulz, and the flowers are white,
3. S. Lycopersicum. Willd, sp, i. 1033.
Annual. Leaves pinnate, gashed. Racemes bipartite, leaf-
less. #ruit smooth, vertically compressed, torulose,
Pomum amoris. Rumph, Amb. v. t. 154. f..1. !
Although this is now very common in India, I suspect it is
as little a native as the common potatoe, which is now very
generally cultivated over India, even doy the natives for their
own use,
A, S. rubrum, Willd, sp. i. 1034.
Annual, erect, unarmed. - Branches Bakowkes angular,
Leaves ovate, dentate, lobate. Umbels short-peduncled,
Flowers and berries drooping.
Beng. Goorkhi,
Nelen tsjunda. Rheed. Mal, x, t. 73.
~ A common weed in gardens all over India, with flowers and
tipe seed the whole year round.
Seeds. received fromthe Mauritius under des name of So-
fanum nodiflorum, (Willd. sp. i, 1035,) produced | this: very
plant. On that Island it is 5 called Brede, and very g gener
cultivated asa pot herb. ~ a stp iad
Bee eae, erect, ramous, hairy. Leaves in pairs or solitary
it a branchilet, ovate, Peduncles axillary, from two to six
together, one-flowered, Calyx ten-toothed.
Jj3
-
566 PENTANPDRIA MONOGYNIA, Solanum,
A native of China; from thence introduced into the Bota-—
nic garden at Calcutta, where it blossoms and ripens its ber-
ries most part of the year.
It has the habit of a robust, pubescent variety of Soe
= um.
Stems annual, nearly erect, with alternate, flexuose, pubes-
cent, round branches and branchlets ; general height two or
three feet, Leaves in pairs or single, and accompanied with
a branchlet, petioled, ovate-oblong, somewhat acute, villous,
Peduncies axillary, from two to six together, one-flowered,
drooping when in blossoms. Calyx ten-toothed, pole.
Berries = size of a pea, smooth, bright red, when ri pe. :
6. S. ;. spirale R.
Shrubby, void of siobenbeneks Leaves paired, lanceolar,
entire. aczmes lateral, the unexpanded part = re-
volute. Segments of the calyx glandalar,
Bugua is the vernacular name in Silhet, where it is indi-
genous, and in flower and fruit at various times of the year.
Though rather foetid it is an ornamental species on account
of its smooth, deep green leaves; spiral racemes of pretty
white flowers ; and numerous small, round yellow berries.
SECT. II. Armed.
7, S. Melongena, Willd. sp. i. 1036,
Perennial. Leaves obliquely-ovate, vee Hi scallbbsicte: i
Fertile flowers solitary, long pedancled, drooping ; the ae
ren ones on small racemes, Fruit oval, smooth. :
Beng. Begoon.
Hind, Bangan.
_Teling. Wangkai.
Nila-Barudena, Rheed. Mal. x. 147, t. 74.
hortense. Rumph. Amb. v, 238, t, 85. Za
OF this very universally useful, exculent species, there are
"varie Sheet etme) ea,
Fs
Solanum. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 567
renewed from seed, though all the varieties are perennial ;
but like the Capsicums not so productive after the first L year,
They continue to blossom and bear fruit the whole year, but
chiefly during the cold season. In Bengal, in a rich soil, they
have very few -— but in a poor one many.
8, S, longed R. i
Perennial. Leaves irregularly ovate, scolloped.. Fruit
cylindrical, smooth. Calyx sometimes armed... 3
Sans. Koolee.
Beng. Kooli-begoon,
Neer Wanga is the Telinga name of the plant, and Neer
Wangkai the fruit.
Long Brinjal of Europeans.
I consider this to be a species clearly distinct from olen:
gena, for the fruit is always cylindrical, never changing by
culture into any other form. The plant is biennial, and in
"every respect like /Melongena, the fruit excepted. I have on-
ly met with it in gardens, where it is cultivated for the table,
and have had it nine years in mine without producing any
change in it. The cold season is the proper time for per
it,
The silent will exist several years, but are @-either dees up
or neglected after the first. ;
Stem short, erect, somewhat woody, Branches numerous,
spreading, two-forked, downy, sometimes prickly ; the whole
plant is from two to three feet high. Leaves alternate, pe-
tioled, oblong, scolloped, or sub-lobate, downy ; from six to
ten inches long ; sometimes the principal nerve is prickly on
_ the under side. Fi lowers bowing, large, ofa beautiful, bright
bluish-purple, they are of two kinds, abortive with a minute
pistil on a small raceme or umbellet; and a single fertile
one upon its own proper petiole, which generally stands im-
mediately. below or close by the peduncle of the racemes,
Calyx and petioles sometimes prickly, Berry pendulous,
cylindric, generally a little curved, but never in the least club-_
: yja
.
*
568 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNTA, Solanum.
bed, smooth, yellow ; from nine to eighteen inches long, and
from one and a half to two and a half in diameter, it is gener-
pe three-celled.
9. s. insanum. . Willd. sp. i, 1037. a5)
Perennial, (in a poor soil) armed. Leaves ovate, sinuate,
downy. Peduneles from one to four-flowered. -Calyx often
armed. . Fruit from oval to spherical, polished,
A native of Amboyna, yet I doubt whether Ramphius’s
Trongum hortensi can be any other than the real Indian me-
longena. From the same Island, the seeds of a variety of the
above (insanum), were brought to the Botanic garden at
Calcutta. Their plants are more spinous, and the {ruit- per=
fectly round, white, and smooth, almost the size of a small
Crab-apple, This I take to be Rumphius’s Trongum agreste,
vol. v. p. 240. t. 86.,f. 1. and so far as my observation ex~
tends, it is not cultivated on the continent of India.
10. S. ethiopicum. Willd. sp. i. 1036.
Annual, scarcely armed. Leaves oval, repand, downy.
Peduncles one-flowered. Berries red, smooth, depressed,
five-lobed, :
From the Mauritius, where it is said to be imdiboneiil it
has been introduced into the Botanic garden at) Calcutta,
where it grows to the height of about two feet, with many
spreading branches, clothed with short stellate pubescence,
and here and_ a ca iMenteriapitny:
and appear at all season. wn pavide. ve
11. S. diffusum. R,
_ Diffuse, perennial, prickly. Leaves oval, deeply neal
‘ky downy and prickly on both sides. Peduncles passe
a Berries round, es
» Solanum incanum chinense. Pluck, Alm: 62. Ss 1.
_ ims, Serputanon, Kehirkay, Peetstundeola, ere |
Solanum. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 569
da, Buhoophula, Godhinee; papal. Kina, Kutoo
varttakee, Kshetruja. iid iy.
Teling. Nella Mollunga. |
This is by far the most common species I know; every soil
and situation seems to suit it equally well; itis in flower all
the year round, and often perennial.
Stem. none, but numerous, irregular, woody, diffuse, two-
forked branches spread on, the ground, or near it; young:
shoots covered, with stellate down ; all the branches ‘thickly
armed with strong, sharp; compressed, somewhat recurved
pricklets, Leaves alternate, petioled, oval, much scolloped,
or slightly lobate; both sides covered with stellate down, and
the veins armed with straight prickles. Flowers as in S,
longum, except that here the raceme is sometimes wanting.
Berry perfectly globular, smooth, about an inch in diameter,
colour varying according as they have been exposed to the
sun, or sheltered ; in the former case they are yellow, in the
latter white ; the Teli people give the name of nella mol-
lunga to the former, and tella mollunga to the latter.
Obs. The fruits are much esteemed by the natives; all
tribes eat them freely in their curries, for which reason the
plant is often found cultivated in the Cirears.
There is another sort, so exceedingly like this in almost
every respect, that it was long before I discovered they were
distinct; the chief distinguishing marks are, the leaves in this
are longer, smoother, and deeply lobated, with the lobes
sometimes scolloped, or sub-lobate, and the prickles much
more numerous, longer, shapes, and all perfectl y straight, —
12, S. Jaequini. Willd, sp. i.1041. - Beige) ait
- Biennial, armed, angular, creeping. — go shlong 2st.
niate, armed on the sides with straight apier, Cale eee
Berries globular, smooth, maregpedy:
Beng. Kanthakaree.
A native of Bengal, where it is generally phd on road
570 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Solanum.
sides near villages, It is in blossom, and produces ripe fruit.
most part of the year.
Root at least biennial. Stem none, but several, flexuose,
ramous branches, spreading close on the ground, for an ex-
tent of some feet, often striking root at the insertion of the
leaves ; angular, nearly void of pubescence. Leaves frequent-
ly in pairs, oblong, pinnatifid, or laciniate, smooth, but arm-
ed on both sides with long, strong, straight spines. Racemes
between the leaves, and almost as long, bearing four, five,
or six alternate, pedicelled, large, bright blue flowers, Calyx
armed with straight spines. Berries spherical, size of a large
gooseberry, very smooth, drooping, while immature variegat-
ed with green and er: when ripe with different shades of _
yellow only, .
13. S. indicum. Willd. sp. i. 1042,
Shrabby, armed, very ramous, Leaves ovate, lobate, Jews
ny, armed on both sides. Racemes leaf-opposed. Calyx arm-.
ed. Berries erect, round, smooth. .
Beng. Vyakool, Vyakovor, Goorkamai,
Cheru-chunda. Rheed, Mal. ii. t. 36, }
_ Solanum fructescens, &e. Burm. Zeyl. p. 220. t. 102, isa
pretty good representation of this plant, but I think Dille-
nius’s S. indicum spinosum flore boragineo, t. 270. f. 349.
must have been taken from a very different species, the flow-_
ers being much too large, and the leaves too ory atieatée
for our East Indian plant. — — :
Trunk trifling, but the branchds are Sauecrons; lean,
and perennial, forming a large, very ramous shrub of several
feet in height, armed with numerous very acute, somewhat
recurved spines; the young parts are downy. Leaves solita-
ry, or in pairs, petioled, ovate lobate, downy, and armed with
a few straight spines on both sides, from two to four inches
long. Racemes between or opposite to the leaves, support-
ing several long-pedicélled, middle-sized, pale blue flowers.
Calyx deeply five-cleft, armed. Berries erect, round, manna,
Solanum. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, - 571
size of a marrowfat pea; while immature, variegated with
deeper and lighter green, when ripe with deep orange yel-
low. 6
14. S. trilobatum, Willd. sp. i. 1049,
Shrubby, scandent, armed with recurved, acute prickles.
Leaves ovate, three, four, or five lobed, smooth. Racemes
terminal, or between the leaves, Berries drooping, round,
smooth. :
Teling. Oochinta-kura; kura means esculent, the leaves
being one of their favourite pot herbs.
Solanum trilobatum. Burm. Ind. 55, t. 22. f. 2.
- Compare with Lamark’s S, acetosifolinm.
A native of the coast of Coromandel, particenaiad fies
Northern Circars, where it is found in abundance on the road
sides, running over bushes, upon low trees, or whatever sup-
port it meets; for it is by far too long and slender to i sh
itself. In flower and seed the whole year. —
Stems and larger branches ligneous, scandent ; armed witli
numerous, very sharp, recarved prickles, otherwise perfect-
ly smooth; general extent from one to two fathoms, and of-
ten very ramous, Leaves scattered, remote, petioled, sub-
ovate, three, four, or five-lobed, smooth, of a shining green
on both sides. Petioles and veins armed. © Peduncles leaf-
opposite, solitary, or accompanied with a single, one-flower-
ed pedicel; armed, few-flowered. Flowers large, bluish-
purple. Germ two-celled, Berries of the size and appear-
anes of a ~~ currant, smooth, drooping. |
15. S. iicaumedis ior ss a
Angual or biennial, ramous, Fortean ssid can Saleve
double, one of the pair smaller, ovate-cordate, —
~ Calyx unarmed. © Berry round, very hairy, four-celled.
sain ae Rheed. Mal. ii. 65, tab, 35,
- Beng. Ram-b
572 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Solanum,
Is a scarce plant, grows in the country about Calcutta,
and is found in flower and fruit in August.
Root perennial. Stem scarcely any, but many sub-ligne-
ous branches covered with much down, and armed with in-
numerable, small, erect spines, Leaves double, as in several
of the Physali ; petioled, one of the pair always much larger
than the other, but it is from the axills of the smallest that the
branchlets issue; they are obcordate, irregularly angle-lob-
ed ; the upper surface is thickly covered with much ereet,
soft: hair, on the under side it is more distinctly stellate, and
whitish ; nerve and larger veins armed on both sides with
strong straight prickles, the largest from six to nine inches |
long, and from four to'six broad, the smaller about half the
size. Petioles rowid, hairy, prickly; those of the large
leaves half their length, and. coloured. on the upper side ;
those of the smaller ones about one-fourth part of their
length. Umbel generally opposite, and below the leaves; sim-
ple, few-flowered. Peduncles and pedicels short and hairy,
but not prickly, Flowers white, pretty large. Calyx hairy,
otherwise unarmed, Corol very hairy on the outside, An-
thers sessile, conical. Germ hairy, Berries the size of a
pes aca ae nae, hairy, fonrcpalhed, as in. ccaeumiane oe
16.8. aavswupnifo Tae luted i: BLD a:
~ Shrubby, erect, | Branches, petioles ae Sinan snasiaale
beset! with. strong; flattened: prickles, Leaves alternate ot
ninate, ovate, unequally cordate, deeply sinuate-lobate,
with stellate pubescence on’ both sides.. Corymbs lateral,
bitid, unarmed, with glandular, slightly viscous pubescence.
Corolla flat, with undulate lacinie. Berry round, eager;
on thickened, clavate peduneles, ies ae
. Beng, Gota begoon. hantG
This. is an exceedingly common. plant in aor wheal
em near she, babitionnes ie Migs ventas i
“ :
ijadle ie esis isos fet G54
Capsicum, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 573
CAPSICUM. Schreb. gen. N. 338.
Corol wheel-shaped. Anthers converging. Berry mgt
rior, juiceless, from two to three-celled,
1. C. purpureum. R.
_Shrubby. Leaves ovate-lanceolate. Bedunles solitary in
the divisions of the branchlets; after the blossom drops erect.
Berry erect, ovate, dark purple,
In 1796, I found a single plant of this species in the gar-
den, but from whence it came I could never learn ; most like-
ly from the Molucea Islands, The seeds have for these thir-
teen years continued to produce, in all situations, plants ex-
actly the same as the original one; this circumstance, with
the general colour and erect ovate fruit, leaves litle Toom to
doubt its being a distinct species, ue
Stem short, branches numerous, lichens! iycteng pahaots
almost four-sided, and deeply tinged with dark purple; whole —
height from two to four feet, Leaves solitary at the divisions
of the branches, or in pairs where the branches do not divide,
petioled, oyate-lanceolate ; they are also tinged with the pre-
vailing dark purple colour of the whole plant, particularly
the nerves and veins, Peduneles solitary in the divisions of
the branches, as long as the petioles, | Flowers a, beautiful
purple, drooping. Berry ovate, erect, of a dark-purple till
ripe, then of a dull reddish colour, generally three-celled, but
_ the partitions are often discontinued towards the apex.
_ The envelope of the seed is rather less acrid than that of tthe
ortienaartanipebenat- camlahien phi bee: pea Deere ae
Py ro annuum. Willd, sp. i. 1050,
Shrubby. Leaves Pt iE Peduncles slit.
Flowers drooping. Fruit oblong, reflex.
This does not appear to be anative ciiaethe: Hindoos
have no name for it, nor is it even found in their gardens. In
: India the Capsicums are all shrubby, but produce so bedi
574 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAy Capsicum,
after the first year, and begin to look.so scraggy, that they
are seldom suffered to remain longer than one season. —
3. C. grossum, Willd, sp. i. 1051. ;
Shrubby. Leaves evate-oblong. Peduncles solidieese one- -
flowered, drooping. Fruit reflex,swelled into various shapes,
Beng. Kaftree-murich,
Caffree-chilly is the name by ene this sort is content
known amongst Europeans; the plant does not appear to me
to be a native of India. ‘Ihe thick fleshy-skin of this species
is but triflingly acrid, and a palatable condiment is made of
them.
_4. C. frutescens, Willd. sp. i. 1051.
Shrubby. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, Peduncles solitary.
Flowers drooping. Fruit tapering, curved, reflex.
Beng. Lal gacbh Lanka murich, or Lal Lunka maurich.
Hind, Lal gachh marich.
There is a pointed variety, with the fruit io or - a
bright orange:colour when ripe, which the Hindoos call sim-
ply gachh murich, it is the sort most used ; particularly when
eemeretientnn it is to be found in every market.
5. C. minimum, Re
ai ae . Leaves oneneniekn Ficlenelbia in pairs. Fae: é
ers oo Ect with subulate, apenas — sie
pee: had i
East indiot Bird chilly or Sagaserp pepper pees
*
6. C. cerasiforme. Wiild, spec..i, 1051.
Shrubby, fruit globular,
_ I doubt much whether this be a native of ‘India fr Hive
— rien a it in nm = of ~ curidug,' {38 0:
_Strychnos, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 575
STRYCHNOS. Schreb. gen. N. 339.
Calyx five-parted, Corol funnel-shaped. Germ two-cell-
ed ; ovu/a many, attached to the middle of the partition. Ber-
ry superior, one-celled. Seeds nestling in soft pulp. Embryo
furnished with a perisperm, and the radicle pointing to the
receptacle, now obliterated (centripetal.)
1, S. Nux-vomica, Willd. sp. i. 1052. Roxb, Corom. i. 4,
' Leaves opposite, three and five-nerved, oval, lucid. Ber-
ries many-seeded. 3
Cariram. Rheed, Mal. i. t. 37.
Beng. Koochila.
- Teling. Musadi.
A middling-sized tree, common on almost every pat of
the coast of Coromandel ;_ in flower during the cold season.
* Trunk short, often drool but pretty thick. Branches ir-
regular, both are covered with smooth, ash-coloured bark ;
young shoots highly polished, deep green. Wood white, Gad;
close-grained, and bitter. Leaves opposite, short-petioled,
oval, shining, smooth on both sides, entire, from three to five-
nerved, or rather between that and triple, or quintuple, dif-
fering in size from one and a half to four inches long, and from
one to three broad. Stipules none. Flowers small, greenish-
white, collected on small, terminal corymbs. Calyx five-tooth-
ed, permanent. | Corol infundibuliform, as in the genus, Fi-
laments scarcely any, or exceedingly short, inserted over the
bottom of the divisions of the corol. Anthers oblong, halt
within the tube, and half out. Germ two-celled, with many
ovula in each, attached to the thickened centre of the parti-
tion. Style the length of the tube of the corol. Stigma capi-
tate, Berry’ roan, smooth, size of a pretty large apple, co-
1a sm somewhat hard shell, of a rich, beauti-
olour when ripe ; filled with a white, soft, gelati-
nous val: Seeds several, immersed in the pulp of the berry,
_ The ‘wood of this tree being hard and durable is used for
576 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Strychnos.
many purposes by the natives. It is exceedingly bitter, par-
ticularly that of the root, which is used to cure’ intermitting
fevers, and the bites of venomous snakes ; when that of Naga
musadi cannot be had, The seeds are employed in the distil-
Jation of country spirits, to render them more intoxicating.
The pulp of the fruit seems perfectly innocent, as it is greedi-
ly eaten by many sorts of birds,
2. S. potatorum, Willd. sp. i. 1052, Corom. pl. ¥. NM. 5,
Leaves opposite, from ovate to oval, smooth, pointed.
Bark deeply cracked. Berries one-seeded,
Beng. and Hind, Nirmulee.
S. potatorum, Asiat, Res, xi, p. 178.
Teling. Induga.
Tam. Tettan-kotta.
Eng. Clearing-nut.
This species grows to be a larger tree than Mux-vomica,
It is much scarcer, being only found amongst mountains and
woods of great extent. It flowers during the hot season,
_ Dr. Konig’s description of this tree in the supplementum
plantarum of Linneeus, page 148, is so perfect, as to leave me
little to. add, the only observation I have to make is, that the
leaves cannot be said to be either three or five-nerved. _ a
Stipules entire, connecting. Corymbs from the extremi-
tes of sid last seme shoots, round the base of this slain
Berry abaiings leek phen sipe..
The wood of this, like that of the ee is ion and dur-
able, and is used for various economical. purposes, .
The pulp of the fruit, when ripe, is eaten by the natives to
me the taste is rather disagreeable.
a The ripe seeds are dried, and sold in every sorkessocient
m water, The natives never drink clear well water if
they nae: pond or river water, which sealer, nore
Solanum, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 577
less impure according’ to circumstances. One of the:seeds is
well rubbed for a minute or two round the inside of the ves-
sel containing the water, generally an unglazed earthen one,
which is then left to settle; in a very short time the impuri-
ties fall to the bottom, leaving the water clear and, so far as
I have been able to learn, perfectly wholesome. These seeds
are constantly carried about by the more provident part of our
officers and soldiers, in time of war, to enable them to purify
their water. They are easier to be obtained than alum, and
are probably less hurtful to the constitution,
3. S. colubrina.* Willd. sp. i. 1052.
Scandent ; tendrils simple. Leaves from oval to oblong,
obtusely acuminate, triple-nerved, polished. Semin =o
seeded.
** The following note was written by Dr. Bene: ele
years before this species was discovered in Bengal, and attached to
S. Nuax-vomica.. I have therefore Shonghs it best to insert it
here.—W..C....5. o»
. There is a tree, but jen rare on this coast, which the
Telingas, call Naga musadi (Naga, or*Tansoopaum in the Telin«
ga language, means the Cobra de Capella, or Coluber naga of
Linnus, Tunsoo means dancing, and paum a serpent ; this sort
being famous for erecting its head and moving it from side to side
: at the sound of music.) I have only once met with this tree, and
then i it was Bs petit out nd me by: a Telinga Doctor. ‘The tree had
- about'two, vel teocialaheahid ladle clee ree-fourths
broad. - Tansy eases dtactlieanereadcs nic
- gertions by a membrane. I took up this root with the greatest
care, cutoff the upper part ‘from whence the shoots grew, and
-4 planted it: in my garden, but it'soon perished. From’ the above
cireumstances I am inclined to think there is.a-species different
. from the third, or scandent species oe Colubrina, as well as
VOL, I, Kk
578 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Solanum,
Modira Caneram, Rheed, Mal. 8. t. 24,
Beng. Koochila-luta.
Found by Mr. M. R. Smith, indigenes’ on the hills near
Silhet, where it blossoms in April, and the seeds spe in
September and October.
Stem of great size, often from eight to twelve inches in
diameter ; the wood hard, intensely bitter and of a light gray
colour; this with its numerous ramifications climbs over the
highest trees. Bark ash-coloured, more or less scabrous, ac-
cording to the age and size of the part of the young shoots,
smoothand green, Tendrils lateral, simple, becoming thick _
and ligneous, Leaves opposite, short-petioled, from oval to
oblong, entire, obtusely acuminate, triple-nerved ; nerves ex-
tending to the apex, texture rather thin; glossy ; from three
to six inches long, by two or three broad. Stipu/es none.
Corymbs terminal, small ; composed of two or three pairs of
opposite, few-flowered, short, villous branches. Flowers
small, greenish yellow, in a sub-ternary order, Bractes one
under each division and sub-division of the corymb, tapering, »
villous. Calyx five-parted, clammy, with glandular pubes-
cence. Corol infundibuliform, smooth. Tube cylindric,
Border five-parted ; segments linear-oblong, spreading. F%-
laments five, short, inserted into the mouth of the tube of the
corol under the fissures of its border. Anthers sub-sagittate.
Germ superior, ovate, smooth, two-celled, with many ovula
h, attached to a fleshy ae. down the middle of the
from the Nux-vomica tree, which yields the real or at least another
sort of the Lignum colubrinum. The wood of the root of this sort
is esteemed by the Telinga Physicians an infallible remedy for the
ee Naya, as well as for that. of every other venomous
ce. It is . Apphied externally, and at the same Aigne, given ine
Ardisia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 579 -
one cell only can be detected. Cortex rather hard and brit-
tle; colour from a bright yellow to a dirty looking mixture
of yellow and rough brown. Pulp gelatinous and yellow.
Seeds from two to twelve, orbicular, much flattened as in
the Nux-vomica, peltate, nearly an inch broad. Integuments
two; the exterior®one thin, but tough, and most densely
clothed with soft, short hairs, like the softest velvet; the in-
terior one a very thin brown membrane. Perisperm oti
to the seed, united round the margins, the middle free, resem-
bling two cotyledons, horny. Embryo straight, much small-
er than the perisperm, and lodged close to the umbilicus,
which may be readily known by the hair being longer at that
part, forming a tuft round it. Cotyledons cordate, three-
nerved, Radicle oval, pointing to the umbilicus, (centripetal.)
SERISSA.. Juss.
Corol one-petalled, funnel-shaped ; throat esti segments
of the border su barisloligse Berry oben two-seeded.
1, s. s fetid Willd. sp. i. 1061. .
Dysoda fasiculata, Louriero Cochin Ch. 181.
~Byyeium japonicum, Thunb. Jap. 93. t. 17.
Lycium fetidum, Linn, suppl. 150.
Lycium indicum. Retz. Obs. ii. p. 12.
Introduced into our gardens in India from China, which
accounts for the natives having no name for it. In the Bota-
nie garden at Calcutta it blossoms the whole year round, but
never eamelec © fruit; the flowers anal geen, Seahiae
metrics heey
: “ARDISIA. oe N. 1735. cacti:
Calyx fiverleaved. Corol hypocrateriform. | eck sips’
rior, one-celled, one-seeded ; attachment inferior. Stigma
subulate. Barry superior, one-seeded, Embryo transversely :
Serpentine in an ample perisperm,
Kk2
680 . PENTANDRIA MONOGYNTA, Ardisia,
1. A. solanacea. Willd. sp. i. 1063. Roxb, Corom. 1, 27.
Shrubby. Leaves alternate, oblong, entire, glossy. Ra-
_cemes axillary, corymbiform, Segments of the corol ovate.
Beng. Bun-jam. z
- Teling. Conda-mayoor. ‘ :
_A small tree, or large shrub, a native ®f moist places in the
_vallies amongst the Circar mountains. In flower and seed
-nearly the whole year.
Trunk one or more from the same root, erect. Bork ail
coloured, Leaves alternate, short-petioled, oblong, and cu-
eate-oblong, pointed, entire, smoeth, glossy, somewhat suc-
-eulent; from four to six inches long, by two or three broad,
-Racemes corymbiform, axillary, shorter then the leaves. -Pe-
duncles round, smooth. Pedicels clubbed, round, smooth,
Bractes a concave one below each pedicel. Flowers pretty
large, rose-coloured. Calyx five-leaved ; leaflets imbricat-
ed, concave, roundish ; permanent. Corol one-petalled. Tube
exceedingly short. Border five-cleft; divisions spreading,
cordate, Filaments five, exceedingly short, from the bottom
of the tube. Anthers oblong, acute. Germ superior, oblong.
Style awled. Stigma acute. Berry size of a small —
round, juicy, black, one-seeded.
The juice of the berries is of a very beautiful bright red
colour; upon paper it aig to adurable brown,
‘ 2A. paniculata, Re beeke a7 iii: WON A
smo bachte Pence teria sialy claipoced' ef oF ed
alternate, compound branches.
A large shrub, or small tree, a native of the hilly aca
Chittagong, and particularly conspicuous on account of its
large reflexed leaves, (from six to twelve inches long ;) and
very large, elegant panicles of innumerable, lively rose-co-
Tour flowers. Like most of the other species, it nice
0 blossom | nd ripen its seed most. part of the year, |
eage shoots thick, pemew hat succulent, with sooth
Ardisia, . PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, - 581 -
clear, greén: bark. . Leaves crowded about the ends of the
branchlets, sub-sessile, from lanceolar to.cuneate-oblong, ra-.
ther obtuse, entire, smooth, from six to twelve inches long, and
from three to five broad. Panicles terminal, very large, oval ;
composed of numerous, patent, compound branches, all are
round, smooth and» green, . Flowers very numerous, pretty -
large, rose-coloured, Bracies oblong. Calyx the border. di-.
_ vided into five broad-ovate segments, Corol sub-rotate; seg-
ments of the border ovate... Filaments five, short, inserted
_ into the base of the corol. Anthers sagittate, united into.a.
cone, Germ ovate, one-celled, containing one ovulum attached
to the bottom of the cell... Styde longer than the stamina,
“een simple.
3. A. colonaten R. gate,
Shrubby. Leaves linear-lanceolar, entire; wail: veins
- hearly diverging. Panicles. terminal, (large and. high vt
coloured,) composed of.a Pt _decompound, expanding
branches, wer e
- OUmur-kulli, the saiacnion name at Silhet; where the iad
is indigenous, and. one of the most desirable species of the |
genus I have-yet met with. It is in flower and seed the ar
est part of the year. ,
Trunk erect, with numerous, smooth, expanding, enidlies :
and: branchlets ; general height, in its native soil, about twelve
feet... Leaves alternate, short-petioled, linear-lanceolar, en-
tire; acute, veins parallel, and nearly diverging from the rib,’
about six or seven inches long, and about two broad. Floral
leaves minute, Panicles terminal, solitary, very large ; com-
posed ofseveral large, compound and decompound br
all of which with: their| sub-divisions are. smooth, aud: ion a
pretty deep, bright red colour. Bractes. lanceolate, Calyx,”
corol, &c, as in the family. Berries somewhat oblate, smooth, -
succulent, red, size ofa pea. Seed solitary, of adeep yellow
in the base. Perisperm conform to the seed, very hard, some‘
small rust-coloured specks on the surface, which in some
Kk3
582 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Ardisia.
places penetrate a little. Embryo transverse, serpentine, &c,
as in Geertner’s Anguillaria, i, 372. t. 77.
A. A. umbellata, R. esralt; sr
‘Shrubby, erect. Leaves short-petioled, oblong, mites
_ veinless, entire. Umbels axillary, drooping. — five-
parted. Berries vertically compressed.
A native of Sumatra, from thence Dr, Charles Campbell
sent the seeds to this garden, where the plants thrive luxaré
antly, and blossom most part of the year. ae
Stem shrubby, erect, with alternate, ascending minions
all are covered with a smooth bark ; general height of the
full grown shrubs about eight feet. Leaves alternate, short-
petioled, oblong, entire, polished on both sides, deep green,
and almost destitute of veins; length from thrée to four inches,
and about two broad. Peduneles axillary, solitary, shorter
than the leaves, bearing in a simple umbellet, many pretty
large, drooping, rose-coloured flowers. Calyx five-parted ;
divisions short, and rounded, Corol, Tube very short;
divisions of the border lanceolate, first recurved, then revo-
lute. Filaments short, inserted on the mouth of the tube of
the corol. Anthers united by their heads intoa cone. Germ
superior, round. Style tapering. Stigma simple, appearing
without the points of the anthexs. Berry depressed, smooth,
shining black, size of a large pea, succulent; the pulp being
ine considerable a and: pepe with purple» page 2
ee hacen Se = a
ne diate
Pas 5 xe 7
5. hy villosa, R.
. Shrubby, erect, with Spader villous linlaiebibieiahs Stee
lanceolate, crenulate, — underneath, sg nptaannneRe
nal, compound, hairy. — ba
A native of the forests of Pulo Piindpes tebe Mr. R: wet
it in blossom in July. pines oe = pi a a
Lourier, Cochin Ch. 149. eg | 7
Ardisia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 583
_ 6, A. lanceolata. R,
Shrubby, with diverging branches, Leaves rece
lar, polished. Panicles terminal, axillary, composed of a hes
simple racemes.
A native.of the forests of Pulo Pinang, where Mr. W.
Roxhusghs found it in blossom in July.
Leaves alternate, short-petioled, broad- siete acumi-
nate, smooth, entire; from six to nine inches long, and two or.
_ three broad, _ Panicles termmal and axillary, shorter than
the leaves, composed of a few diverging branches. Flow-
ers numerous, pedicelled, of a middling size, diverging,
Bractes solitary, under each pedicel, lanceolate. Calyx deep-.
ly divided.into five ovate segments, Corol rotate ; segments.
five, ovate-acuminate. Anthers sub-sessile, sagittate, open’
near the acute apex on the inside. Germ ovate, one-celled,
containing one ovulumattached to the bottom of ioe cell, teat
length of the stamina. Stigma simple, acute, ©
3% A, dinenomaec ie Ry ah 2
Shrubby, with diverging saceehiats Leaves mae ipial
lenesoleta: smooth, entire. Umbelleis terminal, sessile,
mA naline: of the. Molagnes,
8, A, crenata, R.
_ Leaves lanceolate, crenate. Racemes terminal, often com-
pound. Flowers drooping. 2)
* . From Pulo Pinang, where it is a native.
Shrubby, erect. Leaves short-petioled, alternate, lanceo~
late, margins smooth, somewhat obtuse, crenate. Racemes
generally solitary, from the extremities of the corymbifor
lateral branchlets, and’ always accompanied with a leaf or
two, sometimes they are proliferous. lowers numerous,
small, drooping. Calyx, corol, stamens and pistillum as in:
A, solanacea, site sleet pean size of ermine
seeded, ARNEL é is
ge i" D remakes
584° PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Chironias
9. A. glandulosa, R.
Shrubby. Leaves lanceolar, margins coloured and glan-
dular. » Umbedlets sub-terminal, numerous, sp erage
globular.
Bun-nurukalee the vernacular name in Silhet, where the
shrub is indigenous, flowering in the rainy season.
Leaves alternate, short-petioled, lanceolar, smooth, margins
coloured, somewhat repand, and strongly marked with little,
elevated, dark-coloured glands on and rather under the
margin ; from four to six inches long, and an inch or an inch
and half broad. Umbelleis generally from four to eight,
alternate at and round the extremities of the numerous
smooth branchlets, long-peduncled, few-flowered, and glo-
bular.. Flowers small, white, short-pedicelled. Calya' five-
parted, marked with ferruginous spots. Corol alternate,
the tube being very short; segments of the border five,
round, emarginate ; imbricated in the bud. Filaments in-
serted on the base of the tube. Anthers large, sub-sagittate,
sides firmly united, forming a little dome over the mouth of
the tube. Germ ovate, one-celled, and containing one ovu-
lum, attached to the bottom of the cell, ‘Style slender. Stig-
ma rather enlarged, and even with the top of the anthers, -
CHIRONIA. Schreb. gen. N. 349.
—— rotate. Pistil declined, Stamina inserted on the
tube of the corol, Ee tga ea coal :
assanirenan Sas: .
i= C. selinamrteidss:- R. ;
Annual, erect, four-sided, first brachiate, afterwards dicho-
tomous, Leaflets of the calyx keeled and acute. Leaves’
seis ls eee to dame pb -teienaty eds ete two-
4 wl
Erycibe. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNTA, 585
-
A native of frail: appears pate the end of the ‘cold,
and beginning of the hot season.
_ Stems erect, four-sided, often very ramous, smootli, fro
three to ‘twelve inches high ; below brachiate, dichotomous,
_ with a flower in the fork. Zeisied opposite, sessile ; the low-
ermost from oval to oblong, and three-nerved, the superior
linear, and half stem-clasping ; all are smooth, and entire ;
about an inch lone, Flowers long-peduncled, solitary in
the divisions of the branches and two or three-fold at their
terminations. Calyx nearly as long as the tube of the corol,
five-cleft to the base ; divisions keeled and acute. Corol and
stamens as inthe genus, the anthers becoming much twisted.
Germ oblong. Stigma of two large, round plates, each sur-
rounded with a thick, glandular, pubescent, horse-shoe-like
margin. Capsules oblong, one-celled, two-valved. ‘Seeds
numerous, affixed to two longitudinal a as in Gen”
tiana,
Obs. I attend to the spirally twisted anthers, otherwise I
should from the structure of the capsules and two-lobed stig-
ma have considered it a gentiana, The fresh plant is consi-
derably bitter, consequently when dry much moreso, In
the Banksian Herbarium 1 found specimens both of this and
-C, carinata under my name.
_ERYCIBE. Roxb:
ees five-toothed. Coro! one-petalled ; border ten-part-
ed. Germ superior, one-celled, from three to fours
atinchee to the bottom of the cell. Batt bee ee.
1. E. paniculata. Roxb. Corom. ii. 159.
_ Erimia-Tali, Rheed. Mal. vii. 73. t. 39. —
_A very large, climbing shrub ; a native of the mountain
forests, the Circars, and the eastern horder of Bengal ; young
shoots covered with much rust-coloured farina. “pads al-
ternate, short-petioled, reflexed, linear, oblong, pointed, en-
‘a
586 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Embelia,
tire, smooth, from four to five inches long, and about two
broad. Panicles terminal, large, oblong, covered with some
rust-coloured farina. Flowers numerous, small, rust-colour-
ed; border yellow. The ten divisions of the border.of the
corol unequal and orbicular. Filaments from the base of
the tube of the corol, short. Anthers ovate, pointed, Germ
superior, round, smooth, one-celled, containing three, four, or
five ovuda, attached to the bottom of the cell. Style scarcely
any, Stigma large, five-grooved. Berry the size of a small
cherry, black, pulpy, one-seeded.
7
_EMBELI A. Juss.
Calyx five-parted, Corol five-petalled, on which the sta
mina are inserted. Germ superior, one-seeded ; attachment
inferior, Drupe one-seeded. Embryo transversely. sabia
and furnished with a perisperm. git um
1. E, Ribes, Burm, Ind, 62, t. 23.
Shrubby, scandent. Leaves alternate, petioled, eblone en-
tire, smooth, Panicles terminal, hairy. oneed
_ Ribesioides, Linn, fl. zeyl. N. 403. sis
Baberung, the vernacular name in the Silhet lethigbes ry
An immense climber, a native of the forests on the east his
der of Bengal, where it blossoms in February and March ;
one the seeds a9 tomante the close of the sain season,
oneat wak pokes light brown. bark..-.Branches and,
branchlets very numerous, and of ‘great extent, the tender
shoots hoary. Leaves alternate, petioled, oblong and elliptic,
obtuse, finely veined, smooth ; from two to three inchesJong,
and one or one and half eile Petioles one-tifth or one-sixth.
the length of the leaves, margins:somewhat winged, Stipules
none, . Panicles terminal, large, open, and. sherry: sPencteny
2 ary, of a greenish yellow colowty, Calva, piss
Lmbelia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 587.
- clothed with short, white hairs, Petals five, oblong, con-
cave, spreading, hoary with short, soft, white hairs. Fila
ments five, very short, and inserted into the middle of the
petals. Anthers sub-sagittate, resting on the exterior half of
the petals. Germ round, one-celled, containing a single ovu-
lum attached to the bottom of the cell. Style short. Stigma
headed, sub-truncate. Drupe the size of a grain of black-
pepper, round, crowned with a small point, smooth, succu-
lent, when ripe black, when dry wrinkled and very much
like that spice, one-celled, Nut brittle, rugose, one-celled.
Seeds solitary, roundish, with a cavity at the base. Integu-
ments two. Perisperm contorm to the seed. Embryo cury-
ed transversely, with the convexity up. Cotyledons two,
minute, oval, lodged on the side of the base of the perisperm.
Radicle filiform, of a curved, serpentine form, with its apex
near the margin of the perisperm considerably above its base,
on the side opposite to where the cotyledons are lodged,
nearly as in Grertner’s Anguillaria, and in Ardisia.
The natives of the hills in the vicinity of Silhet, where the
plants grow abundantly, gather the little drupes, and when
dry sell them to the small traders in black-pepper, who frau-
dulently mix them with that spice, which they so resemble
as to render it almost impossible to distinguish them by selfe .
and they are somewhat art withal.
2.:E. vebinies R.
Arboreous. Leaves from oblong to oval, smooth. Racemes
axillary and terminal, solitary. 2
: Found. by Mr. Roxburgh on the Rajamahu! hills;_ from:
thence he sent. the seeds to this garden, where in six years.
the plants produced from them were about ten feet high, with
an erect stem, many nearly erect, and spreading branches,
covered with smooth, ash-coloured bark. The YOURE shoots
are somewhat angularand downy, =
_ Leaves alternate, short-petioled, oval, aia entire, Pat
two to three inches long, by one aud half or two broad, Jéa~
588 — PENTANDRIA MONOGYNITA, Cordia.
cemes axillary, solitary, simple, much shorter than the leaves. :
Bractes solitary, subulate, one-flowered. Flowers small,
short-pedicelled, greenish white, rather inconspicuous, Calyz.
five-leaved, or deeply five-cleft, ovate, villous. Corol five-
petalled, ovate, first spreading, afterwards revolute; thrice
the length of the calyx, villous. Filaments five, short; in-
serted on the petals, Anthers cordate. Germ superior, ovate,
one-celled, containing one ovudum, attached to the bottom:of
the cell. Style short. Stigma rather enlarged, but simple.
Berry dry, spherical, size of a grain of pepper, one-celled,
— one-seeded.’ Seed, perisperm and embryo as in the former.
species, viz. copious perisperm, with transverse, serpentine.
embryo, as in Enotes Angyillaria, i, 372. t. 77.
3. E. vestita. Roxb:
“Shrubby, scandent, very ramous. Leaves’ oblong-aneelate,
attenuate, sub-serrulate. Racemes axillary. hs
Oauor Baberung, the vernacular name in Silhet, taeliibe it
48 Indigenous in the forests, climbing over trees and shrubs
for support. It is uncommonly well Farntsed with branch-;
lets and foliage. The flowers are particularly small and de-.
licate, collected in little oblong, sub-sessile, axillary racemes. :
They appear in January. ; a8 Obes
Suis He CORDIA. Schreb. gen. N. 350. Eri tee
Calyx (ecditeaety Satinitishaaiabaabevie aaieatiack
Germ four-celled’: cells” one-seeded; — attachment. lateral. :
Drupe superior, with a four-celled nut, one or two of which
oy are fertile. ——_ inverse, without ROE
“RC; Aatifotia, R. “1a gee Te
Polygamous. Leaves sbeambbrdnts, entire and cpeid
iiivee-nerved. Panicles terminal and lateral. _ Drupes oblate-:
e, . Nat from one to four-seeded, —
Cordia, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 589
A native of Hindoosthan and introduced by the late Gene-
-ral Martin, into the Botanic garden at Calcutta, where it blos-
‘soms during: the cold season ; and the fruits ripen in June and
‘July. They are much larger than those of C. Myxa, smooth,
‘and of a beautiful pale straw colour covered with a whitish
bloom. |
Trunk short and generally crooked, asin Myxa; the bark
also scabrous and crooked, Branches numerous, spreading,
‘and drooping ; young shoots angular and smooth; the general
height of trees ten or twelve years old is about twenty feet.
Leaves alternate, petioled, from round to cordate and ovate,
often slightly repand, three-nerved ; texture hard, smooth
above, scabrous and pale underneath, from three to seven, or
even eight inches long, and rather less in breadth, Petioles
nearly round, and smooth. Stipules none... Panicles short,
‘terminal and lateral, roundish ; ramifications alternate, diver-
ging, and once or more dichotomous. _/dowers numerous,
small, white. Bractes minute, villous. Calyx villous, cam-
panulate, leathery ; mouth unequally dentate. _Corol short,
campanulate ; segments five, linear-oblong. Filaments as long
as the segments of the corol, and inserted immediately under
their fissures, Anthers incumbent. Germ ovate, four-celled;
with one ovulum in each attached to the upper end of the
axis. Style short. Stigma four-cleft ; segments four-cleft, long,
rugose, and recurvate. Drupe oblate-spheroidal, about an
inch or an inch and a quarter in diameter, smooth, when ripe
yellow. Pulp in large quantity, soft, clear, and very clam-
my ; (the natives eat it freely,) one-celled. ud nearly cir-
cular, laterally compressed, rugose on the outside, with a ca-
vity at each end, the lower one deeper than the other, exceed-
ingly hard, four-celled, though rarely all fertile. Seed solitary,
ovate-oblong. Integument single, white, soft and oily.) Plu-
mula very small, Radicle conic, superior. ;
-. Mr. Henry Colebrooke, who is intimately secpoeinted with
Hindoo literature, informs me that the writers on Indian
Materia Medica notice two sorts of Sepistan. The first as
599 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNTA! Cordia.
large asa prune, with its nut immersed in mucilaginous pulp,
‘and separable from it. The second smaller, with its nut ad-
hering to the pulp (as described by our writers on Materia
Medica in Europe), but with less mucilage, and sweeter than
the large one. The rest of the descriptions, he observes, is
common to both kinds, viz. The leaf round, the fruit grow-
ing in clusters, when ripe yellow, but afterwards — ;
black, &e.
The first, or large sort, is no doubt, the fruit of the tree —
just now described ; and the small sort that of Cordia Myzxa,
which has Hitherto}. I believe, been considered in Europe, as
the only tree which produces this drug; but from the infor-_
mation furnished by Mr. Colebrooke we have reason to be-—
lieve there are two sorts used in medicine by the Asiatics, —
which are the produce of two trees of the same genus, and
that the Arabic and Persian names — and Pistan, are
applicable to both sorts.
It might be well to give the trivial or viteihes siipatiol
Sepistana to this broad-leaved tree, which for the present I”
have called /atifolia ; and the scarlet-flowered West India
tree, now called Sebestena, 1 would term coccinea, Novella
nigra, Rumph. Amb, 2. p, 226, t. 75. is no doubt a distinct —
species, which I have seen and eiquenined; and call Cordia
ee ee a see eo”
| 20) Mya, Willd. 21072 eh”
aint iceneat ive rb erak ite
Vida-marum. Rhiedé Mal. A. t. 387. fies
Sebestena officinalis, Gert. sem. 1. P- 363, 0 71Be 43
Beng. Bohooari. ;
Hind. Lusora, or Lesoora,
-Teling. Nekra. | "
~The dried fruit of this tree is the © Schosteha of ee Materia
Tee ety anges ut ow re, sroming ia mot prs
Cordia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 591
the Cirears, but chiefly in gardens, hedges, &c. near villages,
~ Flowers about the end of the temperate, (or cold). season,
and the fruit is ripe in May and June. —
Trunk generally crooked, from eight. to pilin feet
high, and as thick or thicker than a man’s body. Bark
gray, cracked in various directions. Branches numerous,
spreading, and bent in every possible direction, forming a
dense shady head. Leaves scattered, petioled, ovate, oval,
or obovate, exterior half slightly scolloped, or toothed,
smooth above, below a little scabrous when old; from two
to three inches long, and from one and a half to two broad.
Petioles about one-third the length of the leaves. Stipules
none... Panicles terminal, and also lateral, globular, dicho-
tomous. Bractesnone, Flowers numerous, small, white, a
very large proportion of them are sterile, and they always |
want the style, Calyx tubular, widening towards the mouth —
and there torn as it were into three or five divisions, smooth,
not in the least striated. Corol, divisions of the border re-
volute. Style in the fertile flowers as in the genus, in the
barren flowers wanting. Drupe globular, smooth, the size
of a cherry, sitting in the enlarged calyx, when ripe yellow,
the pulp is almost transparent, very tough and viscid. Nut
cordate, at both ends bidentate and perforated, rugose, some-
what four-sided, four-celled, but it rarely happens that all
prove fertile. Seeds solitary.
- The smell of the nut when cut, is heavy and Aexansotb:
the taste of the kernels like that of fresh filberts, The fruits
- are not used in this part of India, (the Northern Circars), fox:
any medicinal purpose. When ripe they are eaten by 1
natives and also, most greedily, ere sconces: of birds, be-
ing of a sweetish taste. |
The wood is soft, and of little use except for fael.: Itis
| Tockoned:one 6 pains Be kieting tes daca
Past toa. es Fat Bake ve - : +?
3. C. serrata, LR. .
i cstesalioas tender parts hairy, Leaves ovate-cordate, ser-
592 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cordia.
rate, acuminate. Corymbs lateral. Flowers sub-octandrous ;
with from seven to nine-cleft corol. re
A native of Travancore, from thence the needa were sent
by Dr. A. Berry to the Botanic garden at Calcutta, where —
the plants reared from them blossomed in August, when four _
‘years old, 15759
Trunk in our young trees from eight to ten feet high, and
-about as thick as a man’s thigh. Branches very numerous,
spreading in every direction, Bark of the old woody parts
smooth, olive-colour, that of the young shoots green,and hairy.
Leaves alternate, rather long-petioled, ovate-cordate, serrate,
acuminate, a little harsh, with few hairs, from four to six inches
long, and from two to four broad. Stipules none. Corymbs
lateral, and about the forks of the branchlets, long-pedun-
cled, dichotomous. Flowers white, of a middling size,
Calyx sub-cylindric ; mouth from three to five-toothed, with
the inside hairy. Corod with a cylindric tube, the length of
the calyx, border about eight-cleft; segments oblong, re-
curved, Filaments about eight, hairy, inserted on the tube
of the corol below its middle. Anthers ovate, small, Germ
superior, conical, four-celled, with one ovudwm in each, at-,
tached to the axis, Style two-parted, as are also the seg-
ments.
4. C. monoica, Willd. i. 1072, R. Corom. 1. 58. | a4
. 4 a Reewee: ries theesaeirved, scabrous, oe axillary
" Teling. Pani
Hind, Pida.
A small, irregular, poor Jobing. tree, with gray bark,
chiefly a native of the Circar forests, where barren land. pre-
dominates, Leaves deciduous during the cold season. The
Seters are produced during the rainy season. — ’
_ Leaves alternate, petioled, ovate, three-nerved, very scab-
| Tous; pions three inches long, and two. broad, . Petia .
Cordia. PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIAs- 593
from the divisions of the branchlets, or. terminal, small, two-
forked, composed of short, recurved one-ranked. spikes,
Flowers white. There is a very large share of male or bar-
ren flowers which generally occupy distinct parts.of the co-
rymbs, and frequently the whole. Hermaphroditie flowers
as in the family, Drupe the size of a cherry, pointed, yellow,
pulpy: pulp glutinous, as in Myra, .Nut perforated at the
apex, four.celled. The male flowers want the style entirely,
bat have the rudiment of a germ.
B.C. grandis. R
Leaves round- nilaies obtuse, entire, 5 sub-triple-
nerved, Panic/es terminal, drooping. //owers tetrandrous,
A large quick growing tree, native of Chittagong ; in the
Hon. Company’s Botanic garden its leaves are often a foot
Jong ; its immensely large, dichotomous, very ramous panicle
nearly as much; the calyx has an even surface and four-
toothed mouth,
6. C. iienmaiin R
_ Leaves long-petioled, ovate-cordate, repand, acute, ‘Pani-
eles lateral, Corol campanulate. -Drupes ovate, dry, hid
in the permanent calyx.
Novella nigra. Rumph. Amb. 2. 75, is no doubt this plant,
though it has hitherto been quoted for Cordia Sebestena,
which is also now before me from the West Indies, in full
‘blossom in the Botanic garden.at Calcutta, and differs from
Novella nigra in the following respects,
Ist. In having larger, cordate, almost entire, obtuse, seab-
rous leaves ; ‘etait campanulat y are smaller,
Jonger-petioled; more ovate ; repand, and ag acute, _
2d. In having corymbiform terminal panicles, wih iniow-
dibuliform corols ; on the other hand in campanulata the
~ panicles are lateral, and the corol ecampanulate. In both,
= the calyx, stamina, and insite are nearly alike.
<2 ayo dee: 3 #! eae
ea
*
594 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Cordia.:
Drupe (in campanulata) ovate, pointed with the perma-
nent base of the style, and completely covered with the thin
dry permanent calyx; instead of pulp, as in the other spe-
cies, there is a thick coat of a dry, firm, friable texture, scarce-
ly differing in colour from the nut, Mut five-ribbed, with
as many fluted grooves between, very hard, light brown, ad-
~ hering firmly to its friable covering, four-celled, though it is
rare to find all fertile, perforated up through the centre. Seed
solitary, ovate, pointed. Integument single, pure white, thick,
soft, and tender. Perisperm none. Embryo inverse, pure
white. Cotyledons deeply grooved, as in Sebestena officina-
lis, Gert, sem. 1, 364. t. 76. p. 1. Plumula small, two-lobed.
Radicle roundish, superior.
7. C. muluecana, R.
Leaves long-petioled, ovate-cordate, obtuse, entire, smooth.
Panieles axillary and terminal, shorter than the leaves ; calyx
gibbous, inside hairy. Style twice two-cleft.. Drupe point-
ed, and nearly hid in the calyx ; nut four-celled.
A native of the Moluccas. This species is often tetran-
drous. - The filaments are short, and very hairy; as is also
a rim round the mouth of the gibbous tube of the corol, where
they are inserted. '
28°C: polygama. R.
PE rl oe saferssntecbrsa, entire eumicies Pa-
often pentand
A tree, a "tintlve of f the 1 dsbatptainn of Carornandel. Flowers.
about the month of May, and the seeds ripen in August.
Trunk tolerably straight, but short. Bark pretty smooth,
of a dark olive colour. Branches spreading; young shoots
round and scabrous, Leaves alternate, petioled, from ovate
to cordate, entire, or slightly scollop-toothed ; when young
soft and villous, when old scabrous, from one to six inches’
nd about three-fourths of that broad, Stipules none.
Cordia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 595
Panicles terminal, in the male more divided, pubescent
er lowers sniatl, White: ours) See ate
HERMAPHRODITE FLOWERS on a ‘separate tree. Calyx -
narrow-campantilate ; mouth irregularly four or five-tooth-
ed, villous on the outside. Corol funnel-shaped. | Border
four or five-cleft ; divisions linear, revolute. Filaments four,
or five, shorter than the seg'ments of the border of the corol.
Anthers incumbent. Germ superior, ovate, four-celled, with
one ovulum in each, attached to the axis, Style twice two-
cleft, Stigma rather small, but rounded, Drupes oval, the
size of a black currant, smooth, when ripe yellow. Pulp
mucilaginous, as in the officinal fruit of C. myxa, one-celled.
Nut very hard, ovate, longitudinally perforated through the
centre, four-celled, Seed solitary, ovate, &c. &c. almost ex-
actly as in Sebestina officinilis, Gert. sem. 1. p- 364. ‘. 76.
p. tl.
Mate Frowers on a different plant. — Cdtie tna corol as
in the hermaphrodite, but more generally divided into four,
Filaments generally four, as long as the corol. Germ a sphe-
rical, abortive body, without style or stigma.
Obs. In the early part of my botanical career, a very short
description and drawing of the male plant were sent with my
other dispatches of the same nature, to the Honourable the
Court of Directors under the name a alternifolia,
pers. Ne 165.
me CU: eajuizpohac n :
Leaves sub-opposite, lanceolate, scabrous. Panicles ter-
minal. Flowers tetrandrous. Bsa twice two-cle . | Nu
four-celled, ee
A native of Mysore, Fil thence Dr. atta sent the
seeds to the Botanic garden at Calcutta, in 1800, and in May
1803, the trees were in blossom for the first time.
Trunk short. Branches numerous, spreading in every di-
ction, with their long, slender extremities often drooping.
Bark ash-coloured and pretty smooth, Leaves sub-opposite,
Li2
696 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Ehretia,
petioled, lanceolate, generally entire, obtuse, scabrous, parti-
cularly when dry ; about four inches long, ‘by one broad, Pe- —
tioles short, channelled. Stipules none, Panicles terminal,
corybiform, Flowers numerous, small, white. Calya cylin-
_dric ; mouth obscurely four-toothed. Corol ; tube longer than
the calyx. Border of four linear, revolute divisions, Fila-
ments four, inserted just below the divisions of the border.
Style two-cleft, with two-cleft divisions, Drupe the size ofa
large pea, round, smooth, yellow, when ripe the pulp is yel-
how gelatinous, and pellucid. Nut four-celled, though sel-
dom more than one seed comes to maturity.
EHRETIA. Schreb. gen. N..352.
Calyx five-parted. Corol one-petalled, five-parted. Stig-
_ ma two-cleft. Drupe superior, with a four-partible nut, or
with one or two from two to six-celled nuts.
1. E. serrata, R.
Leaves broad-lanceolate, serrate, five-pointed, smooth,
Flowers panicled. Style half two-cleft. Drupes vik two
two-celled nuts.
This tree has been introduced from Bhotan, ad is now
growing and bearing fruit in Dr. Glass’s garden at Bhagzwl-
poora, It is also a native of the eastern part of Bengal:
Riuitesing time the beginning of the hot season.
Leaves alternate, petioled, oblong, and bbroad-lanceolate,
acutely. serrate, smooth on both sides ; from two to five inches
long, and from one to two anda half broad. Petioles short, slen-
der, and smooth, Stipules none. Panicles terminal, and from
theexterior axills, ovate-oblong, with numerous, short, spread-
ing, compound, and simple ramifications, lowers small,
numerous, collected into small, somewhat remote, sub-sessile
fascicles ; some of them hexandrous. Bractes ovate, small,
ssin on the calyx, Calyx five-cleft, Corol; tube ‘as long
« calyx; ¢ divisions of the beni oblong and s reading
Elvretia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAs 697
Filaments in the’ mouth of the tube of the corol, and tather
shorter than the border. Anthers ovate. Germ roundish,
Style as long as the stamens, half two-cleft. Stigma obtuse.
_ Drupes round, pulpy, when ripe red, and about the size of
a pea. Nuts two-celled, they are flat on one side, and con-
vex on the other. The above description is taken from trees
sent to the Botanic garden by Dr. Glass, who:says the fruit
is delicious. Plants of the same have also been received
from Dr. Buchanan, but with him, about Lukshmeepoora
where the tree is indigenous the fruit is not esteemed, indeed
they have little orno pulp onthem. The others have but
little, what they have is, however, palatable. Both now have
been twelve years in the Botanic garden, The trees are about
<a feet high, ramous, and stout in proportion,
iD EB laevis. Willd. i, 1077. Roxb, Corom. 1. 56. ji 9
Arboreous, Leaves ovate, smooth. Corymbs. ak
composed of dichotomous, recurved, secund spikes, _——
with a four-partible nut.
Teling. Seregada,
The species grows to be a pretty large tree. Itis a native
of the Circar mountains.
Trunk erect; Bark ash-coloured. Branches numerous;
nearly erect. Leaves alternate, short-petioled, oval, some-
times scolloped, pretty smooth, from three to four inches
long, and two or three bréad. Corymbs lateral or axillary,
two-forked, composed of thin, recurved, one-ranked spikes.
Flowers white, small.
The parts of fructification as in the last, except that ere
the seeds or nuts are wrinkled onthe outside, The chief spe-
cific difference is in the corymbs, there — are terminal, here
lateral or axillary. —
The wood of this tree i ie sles by. the hill: puipledbe'indhy
L13.
598 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNTA, _ Ehretia,
. 8. E. aspera, Willd, spec. i, 1077. Roxb. Corom. 1.55.
Shrubby. | Leaves’ ovate, above scabrous, below downy.
Corymbs terminal, dichotomous. | Drupe with a four-celled
natssis 3c): | ‘ [
- Teling. Tella-joovi.
» A-small bushy tree, a native of dry rocky barren ~
Flowers during the wet season.
Trunk and larger branches covered with dark, rust-co-
loured bark ; young shoots downy. Leaves alternate, petiol-
ed, ovate, seis scabrous, downy underneath, from two to
three inches long, and from one to two broad. — Peiioles
channelled, about an inch long. Corymbs terminal, globu-
lar, Composed of dense, recurved, one-ranked spikes ; ‘divi-
sions always two-forked. ‘Flowers very small, white. Calya >
divisions ovate, outside downy. Corol ; tube gibbous. Style
two-cleft. Stigma simple. Berry the size of a grain of pep-
per, red, marked with four angular elevations corresponding
with the angles of the four-celled nut. Nut four-celled, or
by exposure four-partible, smooth. $5.
_ A, E. uniflora, R.
_ Shrubby, twiggy. Leaves crowded, sub-sessile, Sbldingy
entire, hairy. Flowers solitary, sub-sessile, Drupe with four
one-celled nuts.
_ A native of the Moluceas.
ity Epona: Re: Bais. 3
Tender parts bristly. ‘Eabiae eectatenaha a es
Panicle terminal, composed of dichotomous, secund, recury-
ed spikes. Drupe with four one-celled nuts.
_ A native of the Island of Hamoa.
_ 6. E. buxifolia, Willd, i. 1079. R. Corom. pl. 1. N. BT.
- Shrubby. Leaves wedge-shaped, apex tridentate, scab-
toe eetntles from two-to six-flowered. Ni uts five or ‘six-
Chrysophyllum, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNTA. 599
Cordia retusa, Vahl, symb. ii. p. 42,
Teling. Bapana-booree.
A middling-sized, ramous shrub or small tree, very com-
mon on barren lands and in forests. Flowering time the
wet season,
_, Leaves on the young shoots alternate, on the former branch- —
lets fascicled, sessile, reflexed, wedge-formed, very scabrous,
very hard above, shining, from half an inch to an inch long,
and a quarter or half an inch broad, Peduncles from amongst
the leaves on the woody branchlets, from two to six-flower-
ed, Pedicels very short. Flowers small, white. Calyx
five-parted ; divisions lanceolate, as long as the corol. Corol
campanulate. Border five or six-cleft. Stamens five or six,
shorter than the corol, Style two-cleft. Stigmas simple.
Berry the size of a pea, succulent, red. Nut five or six-celled.
7. EB. wrens Willd. i, 1077, j
Arboreous. Leaves oblong, entire, coh. , Deaiales
terminal and lateral.
Found iadearecan. at the Mauritins by Colonel Hard-
wicke,
“CHRYSOPHYLLUM. Schreb. gen. N. 355.
Calyx five-leaved. Corol campanulate, five-parted, (ten,
Linn.) Germ five-celled ; cells one-seeded ; attachment inte-
rior. Berry superior, Sveanelod, (ten, Linn. one or ten,
Gert.) Embryo erect, and furnished with a perisperm,
ares acuminatum. £.
Leaves lanceolate, smooth, -Flimers ey: Peal glo-
bose, five-seeded.
Pitakara is the vernacular name about Silhet, vicae the
tree is indigenous, and blossoms in April, The fruit ripens
in October, and is greedily eaten by the natives; though to
me the taste is by no means agreeable; the iin being al-
Li4
600 _- PENTANDRIA MONOGYNTA, Tectona,
«
most insipid, and though tolerably firm, uncommonly clam-
my, adhering to the lips or knife, with great tenacity, -
A sasahdtangcized tree, with numerous slender, emodth,
round branchlets,
Leaves alternate, short-petioled, lanceolate, entire, acumi-
nate, polished on both sides, except while young, then cloth-
ed with ferruginous down; veins small, simple and parallel ;
from three to four inches long, and one and a quarter broad.
Peduncles axillary, several together, recurved, one-flowered,
Flowers minute, pale yellow. Calyx five-leaved, leaflets
oval. Corol one-petalled. Tube the length of the calyx,
border five-parted, segments oval. Filaments five, inserted
into the tube of the corol near the base. Anthers in the mouth
of the tube. Germ inferior, ovate, very hairy, five-celled,
with one oyulum in each, attached to the middle of the axis,
Style short. Stigma five-lobed. Berries spherical, size of
a small crab-apple, smooth, when ripe yellow. Pu/p in con-
siderable quantity, five-celled. Seeds solitary, attached to
the axis by the greater part of the length of the thin inner
edge, smooth, polished, of a shining brown colour. _Peris-
perm conform to the seed, yellowish. Embryo extended
through the whole perisperm, erect. | Cotyledons obliquely
ovate, thin, three-nerved, Radicle curved, sub-cylindrie,
inferior, .
ae _ TECTONA. | Sched. be gen: N. 856. 3
pericarp. “Corol psa Som Sar velled ; ; cell one-
seeded ; attachment central. Drupe superior, dry, hid in the
calyx. Mut four-seeded, Seed solitary. Embryo eres,
without perisperm.
saat T. grandis. Willd. sp. i. 1088. Roxb, a Lae Ge
ee omar: “Laie 24
Tectona, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAy 601
z 4
Teling. Teck.
Can. Jaadi,
Beng. Sagoon, or Segoon, .
This most useful tree is a native of various jo purts of India,
viz. the mountainous parts of the Malabar and Coromandel
coasts, of the mountains bordering on the banks of the Go-
davuree above Rajamundri, and. of Pegu. Lord Cornwallis
and Colonel Kyd have sometime since begun to introduce it
into Bengal, where it thrives well. Ow this coast it flowers in.
June and July. The seeds ripen in September and October, -
In Bengal, the leaves are deciduons during the cool'season; _
and the new foliage appears in May, a few weeks before the —
flowers. 4
Trunk erect, growing to an immense size. Bark asheco:
loured and scaly. Branches numerous, spreading ; young
shoots four-sided, sides channelled. Leaves opposite-petiol-
ed, spreading, oval, a little scolloped, above scabrous, below
covered with whitish, rather soft down, they are larger at
a distance from the flowers and on young trees, viz. from
twelve to twenty-four inches long, and’ from eight to sixteen
broad. Petioles short, thick, Jaterally compressed. Pani-
cles terminal, very large, cross-armed ; divisions dichotomous,
with a sessile fertile flower in each cleft ; the whole covered -
with a hoary coloured, farinaceous substance, Peduneles
common, quadrangular ; sides deeply chamnelled, angles ob-
tuse. Bractes opposite, lanceolate, two at each sub-division,
Flowers small, white, very numerous. Calyx and corol as
described by Konig, only oftener six than five-cleft. Nee-
tary very small, frsqacinly wanting. Stamens often’ six,
Germ superior, round; hairy, ianceatiéd} witeyné-ovdion
in each attached to the axis, Stigma two-cleft, divided, ob+
tuse, spreading. Drupe within the enlarged, inflated, dry
calyx, obtusely four-sided, woolly, spongy, dry. Nut ex-
ceedingly hard, four-celled, &e, as sr en by
ar scoethe carp. i, 257. t. 7.
The wood of: this tree, the only useful part-of it; has from
~ 602 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, § Sideroxylon.
Jotig experience been found to be by far the most useful
timber in Asia; it is light, easily worked, and at the same
time both strong and durable. That which grows. on the
mountains on the banks of the Goduvuree, is beautifully vein-
ed, and considerably closer in the grain, and heavier than
any other I have seen. It is therefore particularly fit for
furniture, gun-carriages, &c. For ship-building it is reckon-
ed superior to every other sort of Wood ; being light, strong,
and very durable, either in or out of the water.
- Pegu produces the largest quantity, and their large rivers
eanble the natives to bring it down to the sea-ports froin the
interior mountainous parts of the country, where it grows, at
a cheap rate ; which enables them to sell it lower than in any
other part of India,
=
STDEROXYLON. Schreb. gen. N. 357...
Calya five-cleft, Corol rotate, five-cleft, Nectary five-
leaved, inserted on the fissures of the corol, alternate with
the stamina. Stigma simple. Berry superior, five-seeded.
Embryo erect. — coy
1.8. tomentosum. Willd. i. p. 1090. R. Corom. pl. 1. N. 23.
_ Unarmed. Leaves alternate, oblong;waved,downy. Flow-
ers axillary, fascicled. _ Berry with from one to five seeds. -
. A-small tree, a native of the tops of mountains phielie
| Flowering during the hot season,
. Trunk erect. Bark ash-coloured. asian naa ink
numerous, Leaves alternate, short-petioled, oval, a little
scolloped, when full grown smooth ; when’ young covered
with much rust-coloured down ; re three to five inches
long, and one and a half broad. Peduneles axillary, numer-
ous, short, downy, bowing, undivided, one-flowered. Flowers .
small, dull white. Calyx below, five-leaved ; leaflets imbri-_
cated, downy, permanent, Coro/l one-petalled, Tube short,
inside.
eerie: —— mercies fi
Rhamnus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 603
ing, half Janceolate, acute, waved. Nectary leaflets five, al-
ternate, with the filaments, waved, length of the stamens,
Stamens five. Germ ovate, hid in the tube of the corol. Ber-
ry ovate, size of an olive, Seeds generally one or two, though
there are the rudiments of five in the germ,
RHAMNUS. Schreb. gen. N. 358.
Calyx. five-parted. . Corol five-petalled. Germ sunk in
the saucer-shaped ‘nectary ; from two to three-celled ; cells
one-seeded ; aitachment inferior. Berry superior, from one
to three-seeded. . Embryo erect ; perisperm scanty.
1. R. incanus. R.
Unarmed, odorous, Leaves ovate-lanceolate, entire, Gen
above, hoary underneath. Stipules filiform. Corymbs on
smal] axillary branchlets. Style three-cleft.
. Reared in the Botanic garden at Caleuita from seed receiv-
ed from the Moluccas. Flowering time the cold season,
Trunk straight. Branches numerous, nearly horizontal.
Branchlets alternate, bifarious. Bark smooth ; that of the
woody parts ash-coloured, that of the young shoots green,
Leaves alternate, bifarious, petioled, ovate-lanceolate, entire,
smooth above, very white underneath; length from two to
twelve inches, and from one to five broad. Stipules filiform.
Corymbs alternate, on small, sub-erect, axillary branchlets,
Flowers very numerous, small, greenish yellow. Calyx vil-
lous on the outside, and, keeled on the inside. Corol petals
(scalets, Linn.) cuneate, concave. Style three-cleft. Berries
round, smooth, united to, and resting on the remaining calyx,
the size of a small cherry, when ripe black, and filled round
the seeds with a dry mealy substance. Seeds three when all
come to eats which is seldom the case, slightly united.
2, R. cireumscissus, Willd. sp. i. 1001.
+5 (-Shrubby; armed. with sub-opposite recurved. prickles.
«604 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Rhamnus,
Leaves sub-opposite, round-obcordate, dentate, polished.
Umbellets axillary.
A native of the forests of India, where its long straggling
branches armed with the most acute, strong, poouiead iti
give the most cautious travellers infinite pain and trouble.
Flowering season the months of January, February, and —
March; the seeds take nearly a year to ripen.
Trunk short, soon dividing into many, long, straggling,
scandent branches; with numerous, diverging, alternate,
round, smooth, armed branchlets. Spines on the lateral
branches axillary, solitary, rather longer than the petioles,
coloured, very sharp,anda little recurved ; the leading shoots
are unarmed. Leaves sub-opposite, short-petioled, round-
cordate, dentate, firm and polished on both sides; about three-
quarters of an inch each way. Stipules small, caducous.
Umbellets axillary, solitary, very small; from ten to twelve-
flowered, the floriferous axills bear no thorns. Calyx globe-
campanulate, five-toothed. Petals or scales erescentésha p-
ed. . Germ ovate, Style scarcely any. Stigma somewhat
two-lobed. Berry a little depressed and umbilicate, smooth,
the size of a marrowfat pea, having the base covered by the
remaining calyx. Séeds five when all come to maturity.
3. R. virgatus. R.
~ Shrubby, erect, spines terminal. Leaves oblong-ventri-
pes ‘portate; Flowers round the base of the young shoots
, tern; heey gatiacites frame, two or three-
A mative or f Nepal from. hase Dr. Sackiucn, sent ¢ suet
to the Botanic garden at Calcutta in 1802, where the plants
grow freely to the size of a very large shrub; they bicends
in March, and ripen their seed in Setnier ind November:
| Trunk not very short, distinet from the — all are
6 62% =
unarmed twigs, and. short; rigid, saa ieieaen pointed
branchlets, bark of the old woody patirticinsialtyetnge 2
Rhamnius. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 605
with ash-colour and brown, that of the young shoots smooth
and green, Leaves alternate, rarely sub-opposite, short-pe-
tioled, reclinate, oblong-ventrivose, serrate, pretty smooth on
both sides; from one to three inches long, and from half an
-inchto aninch broad. Stipules petiolary, ensiform, ciliate, base
permanent, Peduncles from the scales which embrace the
base of the young shoots, and axillary, generally tern, slen-
der, one-flowered. Flowers very small, yellow. Calyx campa-
nulate, more generally four than five-cleft. Corol no other
than the little scales of the genus, which are:here very imper-
fect. Filaments four or five, as there are divisions in the
border of the calyx, small. .4uthers often imperfect. Germ
two or three-lobed, ovate, smooth, from two to three-celled,
with one ovulum in each, attached to the lower and inner ane
gle of its cell. Style short. Stigma two or three-cleft;
segments recurved, BOS ELGG:
It differs from R. catharticus; the only species known to
me which it approaches i in having a two or three-cleft stig-
ma, with just as many lobes, cells, and seeds as in the germ,
consequently the number of seeds in the berry can never ex-
ceed the contents of the germ, it cannot therefore be catharti-
cus, which has a four-cleft stigma, and four-seeded berry.
4. R. lucidus. R.
- Sub-arboreous, armed with short, pyitedle and solitary,
seal aculei, Leaves opposite, from round to oblong,
emarginate, entire, polished and firm, Peduncles iztHadgs
short, from two to four-flowered. Berries gintinles, general-
. ly two-seeded. : a8
A ‘small, very” ramous free, with faxepaiati and 'strage
gling, some what scandent branches ; a native of Mauritius,
It is very: nearly allied to R. circumscissus, the chief differ-
ence is in the leaves — entire and retuse, or emarginate
in a this species. —
- 606 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Ziziphus,
ZI ZI PHUS, Lamarck.
Calyx five-parted. Corol five- petalled. Germ hid i ina
crenulate, flat nectary, from two to three-celled ; cells one-
seeded ; attachment inferior. Drupe superior, nut from one
to three, or more, one-seeded. Embryo erect, with scanty
perisperm, or none,
1. Z. trinervia. R.
Arboreous, unarmed, Leaves ovate-oblong, three-nerved, ~
obtiisaly serrate, glossy. Flowers in axillary fancies Stig- |
ma two-cleft. Drupes spherical. ee
A native of Mysore ; from whence Dr. Buchanan sent seed, —
to the Botanic garden at Calcutta in 1800, and in eight years
the plants therefrom have grown to be beautiful small trees, _
of about twenty feet in height, with innumerable branches
and branchlets spreading in every directions, with extremities
often pendulous, and crowded with beautiful, dark green,
glossy foliage. Flowering time in the Botanic garden March
and April, the fruit ripens in September, October, and No-
vember,
- Leaves alternate, bifarious, short-petioled, broad-lanceo-—
late, or ovate-oblong, obtuse, strongly marked with three
nerves, smooth, firm and glossy, obtusely serrulate, from one
to five inches long, and from one to two and a half broad.
Stipules filiform, caducous. Flowers numerous, small, green-
ish yellow, collected in little axillary fascicles, Seales of —
the corol small, and shorter than the reeurved stamens: Gerin
ovate, immersed in the large, convex, fleshy receptacle, two--
celled, with one ovulum in each, attached from the base to
the bottom of the partition. Style scarcely any. Stigma
two-cleft, divisions short and recurved. | Drupes spherical,
the size of a cherry, polished, of a lively yellow, one-celled.
ilp ‘soft, gelatinous and sweet, Nut obovate, -consider-—
bly flattened, a little rugose, one or two-celled. Seed con-
form to the cell, of a rownish colour, and rather soft, Em-
Ziziphus, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, » 607
éryo nearly as long, and broad as the perisperm, and of the
same colour, erect. Cotyledons two, nearly orbicular. Ra-
dicle obovate, inferior.
2. Z, albens. R.
Arboreous. Prickles solitary, recurved. Leaves oblique-
ly oval, serrulate, downy underneath. Corymbs axillary,
long-peduncled. Corol none, Style two-cleft. Drupes
drooping, smooth, white. ;
Found by Dr. Hunter in Col. Palmer’s garden, near Cal-
cutta, in full flower, and with ripe fruit in April 1803. It was
originally brought from China,
Trunk arboreous, with spreading branches. Prickles so-
litary on the under side, short, recurved, being nothing more_
than the indurated stipules. Leaves alternate, bifarions, —
short-petioled, three-nerved, obliquely oval, most slightly ser-
rulate, downy underneath, _Stipudes subulate, the lower one
hardens into a prickle, the other is caducous. Peduneles
axillary, solitary, three or four times longer than the petioles,
many-flowered, Calyx five-cleft. Corol none, nor any
thing like the usual scales of the genus, Style two-cleft,
Ting round, the size of a small cherry, smooth, when ripe
white, and pendulous, The pulp rather mealy and sweet, .
Nut turbinate, thin, two-celled, with a single seed in each. _
3. Bis latifolia, R.
_Arboreous, prickles stipulary, short and recurved, Leaves
oval, serrate, three-nerved, downy underneath. Panicles ter-
minal. Petals wanting. Drupe turbinate. Nut one-celled.—
This species is very rare., ‘It isa native of mountainous
_ tracts in the Cirears and grows to be asmall tree. _ ws
Prickles solitary, very thick, but short, recurved, a rigid
pointed. thorn-like stipule occupies the other side of the in-
sertion of the petiole. Leaves alternate, short-petioled, bi-
farious, oval, serrate, three-nerved, smooth, from four to six
inches long. Corymbs terminal, and from the exterior axills, _
.
608 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNTA, Ziziphus,
forming a large oblong panicle. Corol none. Nectary as
in the other species. Anthers three-lobed. Germ two-cell-
ed, one ovulum in each, attached to the bottom of the cell.
Drupe turbinate, size ofa cherry, yellow. Nut generally one-
celled.
4. Z. Jnjuba, Wilid. sp. i. 1104.
Arboreous. Leaves obliquely-ovate, serrate. Peduncles
axillary, many-flowered. Thorns stipulary, one recurved,
the other straight, Muts two-celled.
-Perim Toddali. Rheed. Mal. iv. 85. t. 41.
- Malum mdicum. Rumph. Amb, ii. 117. t. 36.
Beng. Kool. :
Hind, Bier.
Teling. Rengha.
Ona the coast of Coromandel this grows to be a small tree.
Flowering time the rainy season; the finit npeer nine is
rains, :
Trunk seldom straight, yet not much bent. Bark E sisabe
rous, much and deeply cracked. Branches spreading in
every direction ; branchlets bifarious, flexuose; young parts.
a little downy. Thorns stipulary, very sharp; the under
one recurved, the upper one straight. —Leayes short-petiol-
ed, alternate, bifarious, obliquely-oval, serrate, with the apex
often three-toothed, _above smooth, below downy ; from one
to two aon sets . Flowers axillary, crowded on sub-ses-
: > Calya ‘one-leaved, spreading, tive-parted,
aaniar Saal ‘Petals (scales of Linn.) five, wedge*shap-
ed, apex large, concave, spoon-like, with its margin slightly
crenulate ; they are inserted on the inside of the divisions of
the calyx. Nectary saucer-shaped, perforated for the pistil-
Tum, ‘margin ten-notched. Filaments five, rather shorter
than the petals, and inserted immediately over them, so that
‘staal oval anthers rest in their concave apices. “Germ
fHarrot ety eng? aa be sero l eat i
s ie ee < Sea sil hee. =}
3 divisions recurved, Seine” 4
Ziziphus, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 609°
lar, size of a large cherry, smooth, yellow when ripe, ut
rough, two-celled. Seed solitary, affixed at the base,
The fruit is eaten by all classes of persons,
5. Z. vulgaris, Willd. sp. i. 1105.
Leaves obliquely oval, serrulate, three-nerved, hoary un-
derneath. Thorns stipulary, one straight, the other recurv-
ed. Drupe oblong. Nut sharp-pointed, two-celled.
Z. sativa, Gert. i. p, 202. t. 43. f. 4.
A pretty large tree, often as large asa full-grown apple tree
in England, a native of Persia and Hindoost’han ; only found
in gardens in Bengal, where it blossoms in August, and the
fruit ripens in January.
6. Z. nitida, R.
Arboreous. Thorns stipulary, one projecting, one recurv-
ed. Leaves obliquely ovate-oblong, three-nerved, obtusely
serrate, smooth, Fruits sub-cylindric; nuts two-celled,
Introduced from China inte the Botanic garden at Calcut-
ta, where it grows to be a small tree, Flowering time the hot
season.
Root superficial, sending up many suckers for some yards
round the tree. Trunk generally crooked. Bark brown,
pretty smooth; branches few, flexuose, and thin of leaves,
Spines stipulary, the upper one straight, long, and pointing
much forward, the other shorter and recurved, Leaves al-
ternate, short-petioled, obliquely oblong, emarginate, three-
nerved, serrate, smooth, of a shining green on both sides,
from one to two inches long. Flowers axillary, few, sallest-
ed on short common peduncles ; they are small, yellow, semi-
digynous. Drupe oblong, pendulous and smooth, about a an
~ inch long, when ripe pale-yellow, Nut lanceolate, pointed
at both ends, a little compressed, rugose, two-celled,
The fruits are eaten, but to my taste they are rather insi-
pid. Innumerable suckers constantly rise from the root
which ran to a great distance from the parent tree, and make
‘VOL, I. ogg
610 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA,. Ziziphus:
it a troublesome plant in a garden, but at the same time they
render it easily yeeros if necessary.
7. Z. Lotus. ieakied Encyclop. iii. 304. [Mlustr. 1. 18h.
SFu®e
- Arboreous; spines stipulary, one long alates and ee
the other recurved. Leaves oval, three-nerved, most. slightly
crenulate serrate, smooth on both sides, Flowers axillary ;
style two-cleft.
Z. Lotus, Willd, i. 1103.
A native of Persia, &c. ; blossoms in the hot season in the
Botanic garden at Calcutta. It is readily known from its
Indian congeners by the whiteness of its bark, and the pale.
yellow tinge of its long and very slender prickles.
8. Z. elliptica. R.
Arboreous. . Thorns paired, the upper one rather incurv-
ed, the under one recurved. Leaves elliptically oval, serru-.
late, three-nerved, pale underneath. Corymbs axillary, di-
chotomous, lowers semi-trigynous,
A stout straight tree, a native of Travancore, from thence
introduced by Dr. A. Berry, into the Botanic garden at Cal-
cutta, where it blossoms,in May and June.
. Trunk straight, but slightly bent to one side, covered with
pretty smooth, brown bark. Branches and branchlets nu-
merous, spreading much while young, and divaricated when
old. Young shoots slightly villous, and flexuose, Prickles,
paired and stipulary ; the upper one straighter and pointed.
forward ; the under one much recurved. Leaves alternate,
bifarious, short-petioled, elliptically oval with the base ob-
liquely cordate, finely serrulate, three-nerved, smooth above,
pale and soft underneath, from one to two inches long. Sti-
pules subulate, soon becoming the sharp thorns above de-
scribed. : femme axillary, much shorter than the leaves,
hotomous, villous, many-flowered. Palate ;
3 a, as in the genus, _ Paepornies immers-
7 % ae ee
Ziziphus, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 611
i
ed in the receptacle, three-celled, with one ovulum in each,
attached to the bottom of the cell. Style short, three-cleft,
9. Z. Oenoplia, Willd. spec. i.-1105.
‘Shrubby. Thorns solitary, recurved. Leaves unequally
ovate-cordate, entire, acute ; three-nerved, downy underneath.
Flowers minute, crowded in the axills,
_ Native of various parts of India, Flowering time the close
of the rains.
¥.
10. Z. tomentosa. R.
Shrubby. Thorns solitary, scarcely curved. Leaves un-
equally ovate-cordate, three-nerved, obtuse, minutely serru-
late, hairy above, and tomentose underneath. Panicles la-
teral,
A short, very ramous shrub, a native ss! f Chitagong, and
there used for fences.
11. Z. xylopyrus. Willd. spec. i. 1104,
Arboreous. Leaves obliquely cordate, three-nerved, ser-
rate, downy. Thorns when present stipulary, one recurv-
_ ed, the other straight. Nuts three-celled, three-val ved,
Rhamnus Xylopyrus. Retz. Obs. ii. 11.
Telinga, Goti.
Common in every forest on the coast of Coromandel.
In a good soil it grows to be a pretty large tree, with a
tolerably erect trunk, but in general it is found in the state
of a large straggling shrub. Bark light ash-coloured, much
cracked, corky ; young parts covet with soft white down,
The prickles in a poor soil are always pr pres D
ry, the under one recurved, the upper one erect and straight.
Leaves alternate, short-petioled, bifarious, obliquely-cor-
date, serrate, three-nerved, downy, particularly on the under
side, about two inches long. Corymbs axillary, small, many-
flowered. Flowers as in the genus. Style three-clett. Drupe
the size of a large cherry, greenish and downy, marked
: Mm2
612 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNDIA. Ziziphus,
round the base with the remains of the nectary. Nut three-
celled, three-valved, the valves separating when the nut has
been sometime exposed to the weather, leaving a centrical
three-sided receptacle, Seeds one in each cell, orbicular,
compressed, affixed at the base to the receptacle,
Cattle eat the leaves, young shoots, and fruit. The kernels
taste like filberts, and are eaten by the natives,
The wood of the largest trees is much esteemed by the na-
tives; being yellowish or orange-coloured, very hard and
deisbls; and at the same time not very heavy.
12. Z. Caracutta, Buch.
Arboreous, Thorns in pairs ; the under one recurved, the.
upper one straight, Leaves round, serrulate, three-nerved.
Peduncles axillary, very short, many-flowered, sabi three-
left. Drupe oval, with a three-celled nut.
A native of the southern parts of Mysore, and there known
to the natives by the name Xarakutta, Seeds sent from
thence by Dr. Buchanan to the Botanic garden at Calcutta
produced plants, which in four years were about ten feet
high, with a tolerably erect, stout trunk, and many spread-
ing crooked branches; covered with smooth, dark ash-co-
loured bark. The young shoots are round, and villous.
They blossom in April, and the fruit ripens in December,
Thorns in stipulary pairs, the lower one recurved, the up-
_ per one straight, both are hard, smooth, and acute; where
the flowers are, the thorns are generally deficient. Leaves
short-petioled, obliquely round-cordate, or nearly round,
obtuse, or retuse, serrulate, three-nerved ; while young some-
what villous; from one to two inches long, and nearly as
broad. Satapaies axillary, very short, bearing many small,
short-pedicelled, greenish-yellow flowers. Style three-cleft,
Drupe the size of a large cherry, oval, depressed a little at
both ends, smooth, dark-brown ; fleshy part tough, firm,
and yellowish, Mud roundish, a little uneven on the outside, |
very y hard fed thick, hreeceled, foot, malisers, aici
Ziziphus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNTA, 613
to the bottom of the cell, nearly round, compressed, convex
on the inside, Integuments two; the exterior firm, light,
brown, and polished ; the inner thin and softer. Perisperm;
when the seed is ripe, there is only on each side of the em-
_bryo a white, fleshy lamina; but at this period not connect-
ed round its margins, as before maturity. Embryo erect ;
cotyledons two, nearly five-nerved. Radicle inferior, esses
just within the ambilicus.
13. Z. microphylla, R.
Shrubby ; branchlets bifarious, flexuose. Thorns stipula-_
ry, one straight, the other recurved. Leaves ovate, three-
nerved, serrulate, woolly underneath. Flowers fascicled.
Stigma two-cleft,
-Jujubas zizyphus zeylanica. Pluck, me 199, t. 197.
SE
Rhamnus nummularia. Burm. Ind. 61.- ~ |
Common on barren uncultivated lands on the Coroman-
deb coast. - Flowering time the beginning of the rainy sea-
‘son. |
Stem scarcely any, but many slender, rigid, bifarious,
flexuose branches spreading in all directions, and forming a
small bush. Bark covered with a light-coloured, almost
white pellicle. Thorns stipulary, the upper one straight,
slender, but very sharp, and as long as the leaves. The
under one shorter, and much recurved. Leaves alternate,
bifarious, very short-petioled, ovate and oval, serrulate,
above pretty smooth, woolly underneath ; about half an inch
long, ¥ lowers collected in the axills of the leaves, short~
peduneled. Calyx tomentose on the outside. _ meguann
clawed, oval. — two-cleft, te
14. Z. apes Willd. spee.i. 1104. |
-“Shrubby, climbing. Leaves obliquely dordate; serrate,
ree-nerved, downy underneath,” Thorns eer: Nuts
two-celled.
ae
Mm3 *
614 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNTA, Ziziphus,
Sans, Sookshmuphula, Diiokainliik, Sookshmuputruka,
Doospursha, Mudhoora, Shuvurahara, Shikhipriya, Kur-
kundhoo, Shrigalukoli,
Beng. Shea-kool.
Telinga. Paramie.
This is the most common species of the genus; it is to be
found in every hedge throughout India, and always with
scarcely any thing that can be called a trank, but many
large, straggling, climbing branches, which are too weak
to support themselves. Bark dark, rust-coloured, pretty
smooth; young shoots downy. Prickles always present,
stipulary, large, and exceedingly sharp; the lower one is
_ much recurved, the upper one straight. Leaves alternate,
short-petioled, bifarious, very obliquely ‘ovate, serrate, three-
nerved ; downy underneath, from one to two inches long.
- Corymbs axillary, many-flowered. Style two-cleft. Drupe
the size of a pea, smooth, shining black, marked round the
base with a circular scar. Nut rugose, obcordate, two-cell-
ed ; generally one of the cells is obliterated, or abortive. Seed
solitary, affixed to the bottom of the cell.
‘The fruit is eaten by the natives; the taste a very pleasant
acid.. A decoction of the bark of the fresh root is said to —
promote the —— of fresh wounds,
16, Z. glabra, R
_ Shrubby, ansiindenty smooth. Thorns slides recurved,
eave. ovate-cordate, long, obtuse, pointed, serrulate. agi
strongly marked with three nerves, Drupes oval.
A native of Chittagong, where it flowers in the Sook season, |
and the fruit, which is about the size of a —
in May.
16. Z. incurva. R.
7 Arboreous, Thorns eles one straight and patent, the
Ceanothus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNITA. “615
‘ed, serrulate; obtusely acuminate. Peduncles sais, few
or many-flowered ; flowers semi-digynous,
A native of Nepal, from thence introduced by Dr. Buch.
anan into the Botanic garden at Calcutta, in 1802, where in
ten years they had grown to be slender trees, of about fifteen
feet in height, with innumerable well armed branches, and
smooth branchlets spreading in every direction, Flowering
time the rainy season,
CEANOTHUS. Linn.
Petals five, vaulted, opposite to the stamens, Berry dry,
three-celled, three-seeded. ;
1. 'C. asiatica, Linn. oe
Erect, smooth. Leaves ovate, serrulate, glossy, lence
at the base; peduncles axillary, ramous, many-flowered,
shorter than sa leaves. :
_Grossularia spinis vidua, baccis in racemo congestis spa-
hee foliis crenatis ovato-acuminatis. Burm. Zeyl. 111. t, 48,
_ Rhamnus acuminata, Colebr. Mss. fide ic. pict. in horto
bot. Cale. asservata.
~ Thave found this small tree in flower and fruit in October
at Singapore. In the Honourable Company’s Botanic gar-
~ den, where it was introduced from the garden at Reduite in
the Mauritius in 1813, it blossoms in April and May, and
ripens its fruit in June.
_ A small branchy tree or large shrub: the largest of those
that were reared from the seeds measure at the present time
(1823), about sixteen feet in height, with a stem scarcely
more than four inches in diameter. Branches long, slender,
round, with green bark, slightly flexuose, perfectly smooth ;
while young a little pubescent. Leaves deugulatiy aeatesr-
ed, ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, tapering into a blunt acumen ;
serrulate, serratures small, gibbous, incurved, cuspidate,
atid undulate, base rounded or retuse, from two or shee
Mm4
616_ PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Scopolia,
inches long; perfectly smooth, very glossy and lucid, of a —
dark green colour above; pallid and shining underneath,
with a whitish slender rib and a few oblique nerves, the
lowermost pair of which are opposite; the base rising a little
above the rib, in consequence of which the leaf appears
triple-nerved ; veins capillary, transversal, reticulate. Pe-
tiole slender, a little compressed, channelled, slightly pubes- _
cent, about an inch long, Stipules minute, withering, ad-
pressed, Janceolate, with a broad fleshy base and glandular
apex. lowers small, yellowish green, fragrant, collected
in rounded, axillary, ramous fascicles which are shorter than.
the petals. Peduncles pubescent; bractes very small; pe-
dicels capillary, two or three times longer than the flower,
yellowish. Calyx cup-shaped, with five broad, cuspidate, |
somewhat margined, deciduous dacinie, equalling in length
the cuneate, fornicate, narrow petals, Vertex of the ovary |
covered with a broad rugose yellow disc. Style short,
deeply three-lobed, deciduous, Stigmas convex, scabrous, |
Capsules round-obovate, about the size of a small gooseber- :
Ty, pale-brown, its. vertex retuse, its base supported by the
persistent circularly-truncate bottom of the calyx, three-
furrowed, three-celled, three-valved. Seeds triangular, with
gibbous back, ash-coloured, The rest as in C. circumscissa-
(Rhamnus Linn.) Gert. carp, ii. 110. t. 106.
r, : ‘
ee SCOPOLIA. Smith. :
Calyx Accintinee Corel pee Gusti sebertorj:
five-celled; cells two-seeded ; attachment interior, Berry
five-celled, with generally one seed in each cell,
—
1. S, aculeata, Smith, ic, ined, ii, 34, Willd. sp.ic WIS.
Seandent, armed, Leaves ternate ; leaflets crenulate.
ae eo esi er te” aes es ee
eh ee tee ie ya BE ie ee
Scopolia, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, ~ = ie
Chamaelaea trifolia, aculeata, floribus spicatis, iescoae
Zeyl. 58, t, 24,
Toddalia. Juss, gen, 371; and Lamarck Illustr. ii, 116,
2757, Encycl. Bot. vii. 692.
Cranzia. Schreb, gen. N. 362.
Telinga, Conda Cashinda.
_ Is one of the most common bushes on the coast of Coro-
mandel, delights in a rich soil, such as old hedges, under
old trees, &e. is in general found in the state of a very
ramous bushy shrub, but in less frequented places, where it
meets with support and no enemies, it runs over the highest
trees,
Stem irregular. Bark corky. Branches exceedingly
numerous, scandent. Prickles innumerable, scattered over
every part of the younger branches, tender shoots, petioles,
and nerves of the leaflets, recurved, very acute. Leaves al-—
ternate, ternate, armed. Leaflets oblong, or broad-lanceo-
late, notched, emargined, smooth; about an inch and a half
long, and half or three-fourths broad. Petioles channelled,
armed like the branchlets, Racemes axillary, generally
compound, length of the leaves, lowers small, white.
Calya inferior, small, glandular, five-toothed. Petals five,
oblong, spreading. . Filaments five, nearly as long as the
petals, spreading. Anthers oblong, incumbent. Germ. ovate,
five-celled, with two ovula in each, attached to the middle of
the axis. Style short, thick. Stigma five-lobed. Berry
the size of a small cherry, compressed, five-grooved, orange-
coloured, five-celled. Seed one in each cell,
Every part of this shrub has a strong pungent taste. — ~The
roots when fresh cut smell particularly so. The fresh leaves
are eaten raw for pains in the bowels; the ripe berries are
fully as pungent as black pepper, and with nearly the same
kind of pungency; they are pickled by the natives, and a
most excellent one they make, | é
The fresh bark of the bootie aikihinistered by the Telinga
physicians for the cure of that sort of remittent, commonly
618 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Biittnera,
called the hill fever. I conceive every part of this plant to
be possessed of strong, stimulating powers, and have no
doubt but under proper management it might prove a valu-
able medicine where stimulants are required.
BUTTNERA. Schreb. gen. N. 366.
_ Calyx five-leaved. Corol five-petalled. Nectary stami- ~
niferous, surrounding the five-celled superior germ, Anthers
double. Capsules quinquecoccea. Embryo inverse ; Sai
perm scanty,
1. B. pilosa, R.
Shrubby, twining, hairy, Leaves from three to five, acute~
angled, dentate. Umbels axillary, proliferous.
. - A most extensive, twining shrub; a native of Chittagong.
The flowering time in the Botanic garden at Calcutta is Sep-
tember. The seeds are ripe in renters I have also had —
mens from Silhet.
» Stem woody, twining, in five years old plants as thick asa_
man’s wrist, and irregularly obtuse-sulcate. Branches nu-
merous, twining up and over large trees, to a very great ex-
tent; the younger ones very hairy, and irregularly obtuse-’
sulcate, Leaves alternate, petioled, having from three to five
acute angles, dentate, posterior lobes large and rounded;
about seven-nerved, with a large, long gland on the middle:
one near the base, fron four to six inches each way. Peti-'
oles round, often. as long as the leaves, hairy. Stipules subu-?
late, hairy. Umbels axillary, generally one large, and saper-
decompound ; and two or more smaller, all are clothed with:
short, harsh pubescence, and are much shorter than the leaves.
Bractes subulate. Flowers numerous, small. Calyx of five,
spreading, pale-coloured, lanceolate leaflets. Petals fives.
the lower third part of their length linear, yellow on the out.
aN oth within 5 ‘much’ ineurved so as to forma circular
al 7 Y, open at the five sides, and
*
Celastrus, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 619
in the vertex, the other two-thirds filiform, below slightly in-
curved, above recurved; colour a bright orange. Nectary
five-cleft, yellowish, divisions fleshy, truncate, shorter than
the lower portion of the petals, Filaments short, inserted into
the fissures of the nectary, recurvate. .Anthers two-lobed.
Germ round, hairy. Sty/e short, five-grooved. Stigma mi-
nutely quinquidentate. Capsulesthe size of a filbert, round,
armed with long, rigid bristles; texture hard, approaching
to that of a nut, five-celled, ten-valved, Seeds solitary, small
in proportion to its cell, and attached te its inner angle, ovate-
oblong, rather pointed at the apex, and obliquely truncate
at the base. IJnteguments three; the exterior and interior
membranaceous ; the middle one hard and thick, Perisperm
none, or very thin. Embryo inverse, yellow. Cotyledons
large, two-lobed ; and rolled spirally up. Plumula two-lob-
ed. Radicle cylindric, nearly as long as the seed, superior.
+2,.B. herbacea, Roxb. Corom. i. N.29.
B. cordata, Willd. spec. i, 1119.
Unarmed, herbaceous, erect. Leaves cordate, serrate,
dumans Nectary one-leaved, five-toothed. __
An erect herbaceous plant, a native of the tops of the Cir- _
car mountains. |
Leaves oliansatt petioled, cordate, serrate, downy, two ;
inches and a half Jong, and one and a half broad, Stipules re-
flexed, small, acute. Peduncles axillary, one or more, three-
flowered, Leaflets of the calyx large, reflexed. Nectary
one-leaved, five-toothed ; teeth converging over the pistillum,
Filaments five, very sbort, from the fissures of the aida
relents santinesiceties pigieyes pak.
CELASTRU S. Schreb. gen. N. 372.
Calyx five-cleft. Corol five-petalled, Germ three-cell-
ed, with two or more ovula in each cell ; attachment inferior.
Capsule superior, from one to three-celled, from two to thrge
620 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Celastrus.
valved; seeds few covered with a coloured aril. Embryo
erect, and furnished with a perisperm.
1. C. emarginata, Willd. sp. i. 1128.
Sbhrubby, armed. Leaves obovate, entire, smooth. Flow-
ers numerous, axillary, Capsules inflated ; cells twoeeeded,
Telinga, Chennee Chintoo,
Is one of the most common, rather poor looking shrubs in
these parts of India, it grows every where and in —« soil,
Flowers during the cold season.
~ Stem nothing deserving the name, but branches innumer-
able, bent in every direction, and armed with exceedingly
strong, large, straight, very sharp thorns. eaves alternate
on the young ‘shoots, ov the old wood or thorns fascicled,
very short-petioled, obovate, emarginate, smooth, shining ;— j
about an inch long. S¢ipules small, withering. Umbellets
very short-peduncled, many-flowered, one or two from the
centre of the fascicles of leaves. Pedicels many times long-
er than the peduncle, one-flowered. Flowers small, whitish,
yellow. Petals twice the length of the calyx. Nectary, a
saucer-formed, crenulate body surrounding the base of the
germ. Germ conical, three-celled, two ovula in each, attach-
ed to the bottom of their cell. Style single, half three-part-
ed. Stigmas emarginate, Capsule inflated, turbinate, three-
sided, three-celled, valved. Seeds two im each cell, small,
shining, red, resting on a white fleshy ceged mane =
— ae o-tee ee — -_
2. C. montana. R.
Arboreous, thorny. Leaves obovate, serrulate, ainaciie ,
Panicles axillary, small, dichotomous, —_ wa sed
_ two-seeded,
_ Telinga. Pedda-chintoo,
= ‘areenelt t tree, a naanviees sonialanaiy Flowering time the
% St daeneiea generally e fittle crooked: Brant
Celastrus, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, _ 621
humerous, armed with the same large, sharp leaf and flower
bearing thorns as in the last, Leaves alternate, short-petiol-
ed, obovate, slightly serrate, smooth, shining ; ; about two
inches long. Panieles axillary, dichietcenoun, | many-flower-
ed. Flowers small, white. Petals many times longer than
the calyx, Mectary as in C, emarginatus, Germ round,
three-celled ; ced/s with two ovula in each, attached to the
* bottom of the cell. Styles three, short, clubbed. Stigmas
emarginate, Capsules small, not inflated, in other respects
like the last, Seeds one or two in each cell, small, nearly
_ round, attached as in the germ. Ari/ white, sebaceous, em-
bracing the lower half of the seed. 4ntegument single, po-
lishedg brown, Perisperm conform to the seed, dull white,
and hard. Embryo nearly as long as the perisperm, erect,
Cotyledons roundish. _ Radicle ovate, inferior, tee
_ The wood of this tree is hard, and durable,
8. C. paniculata, Willd. sp. i. 1125.
Unarmed, shrubby, scandent. Leaves round, oval, ser-
rate. Panicle terminal, Stamens inserted into a nectar ial
Ting.
A large, climbing shrub ; a native of the Circar mountains,
Flowering time March and April. é 3
_ Branches twiggy. Bark covered with gray, piles
specks. Leaves alternate, petioled, broad-oval, serrate, pret-
ty smooth, about two inches long, and one anda half broad.
Petioles round, and one-third the length of the leaves, Pa-
nicles terminal, erect, thin, oblong. Bractes small, falling.
Flowers small, yellow, numerous, Calyx inferior, five-
toothed; segments concave, emarginate, Petals five, insert-
ed between the nectary and calyx, spreading. Nectary cup-
shaped ; border five-toothed. Filaments five, which are a
continuation of the teeth of the nectary, rather shorter than
the petals. Anthers ovate, Germ round, Style shorter. Stig-
mas three. Capsule round, size of a pea, one-celled, three-
valved, opening from the apex. Seeds from three to six,
-
* Re
622 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Celastrus,
surrounded with a yellow pulpy nidus, and always separat-
ing into three lobes, whatever the number be.
4. C. multiflora. R.
Shrubby, scandent, unarmed. Leaves alternate, oblong,
acuminate, serrate. Panicles terminal. Stamens alternate,
with an equal number of reniform nectarial glands.
A native of Nepal, from thence Dr, Buchanan sent the
seeds to the Botanic garden at Calcutta, in 1802. In July
1808, the plants therefrom blossomed for the first time and
a their sced seven months afterwards,
~ Trunk short, about as thick as a man’s arm. Bark brown,
soft and spongy. Branches numerous, spreading much, and
having their extremities often twining, but the scandent habit
prevails most. Leaves alternate, short-petioled, drooping, ob-
long, acuminate, serrate, smooth on both sides; about six
inches long, and from two to three broad. Stipules’minute,
soon withering and drooping. Panicles terminal, ovate-ob-
long, composed, of many, simple, diverging, short, smooth ra-
cemes, Flowers numerous, small, pale greenish white, Brac-
tes very small, caducous, Calyx obscurely five-toothed. Pe-
tals oblong, inserted on the calyx, alternate with the stamens, —
soon after expansion recurved, Fi/aments shorter than the
petals, alternate, with as many semi-lunar nectarial glands.
Germ superior, ovate, three-celled, with two ovula in each, at-
tached to the bottom of the cells, Sty/e about as long as the
nens. _ Stigma of three emarginate lobes. Coppers ctiandils .
somewhat three-lobed, three-cel ed, three-valved, and gene-
rally with a single seed in each cell, Seeds obovate, entirely
covered by a thin, pulpy, scarlet aril. Snteguments (exclu-
sive of the aril), single, tender, white and smooth. Perisperm
of a soft cartilaginous texture. Embryo erect. Cotyledons
two, round- cordate, and so large as to divide the perisperm.
Raidicle bs alld pointing: obliquely to ond Aus-gasat ger
Celastrus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNTA, 623
5. C. nutans. R.
_ Shrubby, scandent, unarmed. Leaves digtentin polskie
_ broad-obovate, obtusely serrate, smooth, Panicles racemose,
terminal, Seeds invested in a complete aril,
A native of Mysore, from thence introduced by Dr. Buch-
anan, into the Botanic garden at Calcutta, where it flowers in
April. Seeds ripe in August.
Siem short, round, woody, scandent. Bark a little scab-
rous, light brown, Branches climbing and twining over
the tops of large trees, &e.; young shoots round, drooping,
marked with white, rough dots, Leaves alternate, short-pe-
tioled, drooping, broad, obovate, cuneate, serrate, smooth
on both sides; length from two to three inches, and from one
to three broad, Petioles about half an inch long, slightly
channelled, Stipules minute, deciduous. Racemes or pa-
nicles terminal, drooping, sub-cylindrical, a little downy.
Bractes a single, acute, very small, caducous one at the base
of each pedicel. Calyx deeply five-parted, divisions roundish,
slightly pubescent, several times shorter than the petals, Pe-
tals five, alternate with the divisions of the calyx, spread-
ing; margins becoming recurved. Nectary a concave, five-
sided receptacle, on which the germ rests. Filaments five,
very short, inserted on the five angles of the nectary, alter-
nate with the petals. .4nthers sub-sagittate. Germ ovate,
three-lobed, three-celled, with two ovuda in each, attached
to the base of thé axis, Style scarcely any. Stigma three-
lobed, lobes spreading, with notched margins, Capsule
round, size of a pea, one-celled, three-valved. Seeds from
three to six ; three or four is the most common number ; shape
conform to. ‘the: number, each invested in a thick, complete,
fleshy, orange-coloured aril. Integument single. Perisperm
conform to the seed, white and hard. Embryo straight,
erect, green. Cotyledons oblong. adicle cylindric infe-
rior, with its apex pointing to the umbilicus,
~ Obs, There are five or six large plants of this in the Bota- :
624 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Celastrus.
nic garden, of these one only is hermaphrodite and fertile, all _
the rest are male, or male-hermaphrodite, and barren.
6. C. trigyna, R.
Unarmed. Leaves alternate, short-petioled, oblong, entire.
Flowers on small, axillary, dichotomous, round heads. Nee-
tary of five scales, alternate in the stamen. Styles three.
A native of the Moluccas,
7. C. verticillaia, R.
Arboreous, unarmed. Leaves scattered, broad-lanceolate,
waved, entire, smooth. Panicles terminal, umbelliferous.
Capsules ove-celled, two-valved, few-seeded.
Reared in the Botanic garden at Calcutta from seeds sent
from Nepal by Dr. Buchanan in 1802, under the vernacular
name Tibiliti, The young trees flowered for the first time,
in the rainy season of 1805, when they were from twelve to
fifteen feet high. The seeds ripen in January, .
Trunk straight ; the branches and branchlets havea strong
tendency to be verticillate. Bark of the trunk, and larger
branches greenish ash-coloured, dotted with some small, ele-
vated, lighter-coloured specks. Leaves numerous, droop-
ing, scattered, more crowded towards the ends of the branch-
lets, and like them having a tendency to be verticillate, peti-
oled, broad-lanceolate, acute, entire ; margins waved, smooth,
upper surface polished ; about six inches long, by two broad.
Petioles rounded on the under side, flattish above. Stipules
none, Panicles terminal, with alternate, spreading, umbel-
liferous, simple ramifications. Peduncles and pedicels round,
and smooth. Bractes lanceolate. Calyx five-leaved, Leaf-
lets ovate-oblong, slightly ciliate. Petals five, alternate
with, and three times longer than the leaflets of the calyx,
__ linear-oblong, entire, obtuse, at first spreading, afterwards
recurved, with the edges revolute. Germ ovate-oblong, 4
little” con prossods, two, rarely three-celled. Style erect,
anen i iiower sSuie Beir three-lobed, about even
- Celastrus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 625
with the anthers, Capsules roundish, size of a large
dry, rugose, one-celled, two-valved, opening round the say
Seeds from one to six, or even eight, attached to the centre
of a ridge in the bottom of the cell, which crosses the’ open-
ing of the valves; their shape varies according to the number
of seeds, Integument single, and while fresh more like a
thin, smooth, soft, moist, entire, scarlet aril, than a common
skin. Perisperm contorm to the seed, cartilaginous. Em-
bryo erect, minute, lodged in the base of the perisperm, ra-
ther below the umbilicus, Cotyledons two, very small, Ra~
dicle inferior, oval,
8. C. micrantha, R.
‘Scandent, somewhat armed. Leaves unequally pinnate ;
leaflets from five to seven, opposite, oblong, entire, smooth,
with simple parallel veins, Panicles axillary, filiform, ferru-
ginous. Nectary saucer-shaped, bearing the stamina on its
margins, style none,
A native of the Moluccas, a very doubifal apecies.
9. Cc. obtusifolia, R
Arboreous, unarmed. Leaves petioled, lanceolar, bine
ly serrulate, very obtuse, hard, smooth, Peduncles fetes
many-flowered. : :
_A native of the Mauritius.
STU. ©. monosperma, R.,
sGinubby. scandent. Leaves oblong, glossy, serrulate, Pa-
nicles thin, linear, axillary and terminal, cn ss
leaves. Capsules three-valved, one-seeded. — si Mies 8
_ Tiara the vernacular name in Silhet, age itis aa wild
in thin forests, climbing up and over trees, &c. to a great ex-
tent. mend time the month of -_ Seeds de Oc.
~ Young. shoots smooth and omit perfectly void of every *
kind of pubescence, Leaves alternate, short-petioled, from
VOL, 1. Ne
626 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Celastrus.
obovate-oblong to lanceolar, glossy on both sides, serrulate, |
obtusely pointed, from three to five inches long, and one or
two broad, Panicles axillary and terminal, linear, thin of
branches, two, three, or even four times longer than the Jeaves,
smooth, # lowers numerous, small, pale greenish yellow.
Bractes subulate, small, smooth, Calyx five-parted, segments
short and rounded. Petals five, sub-orbicular, inserted, al-
ternate with the stamens under the margin of the flat repand
nectary, which embraces the base of the germ. Filaments
five, short, Anthers oval. Germ obovate, oblong, three-cell-
ed, with two ovula in each attached to the bottom of the cell.
Style short. Stigma trigonal. Capsule the size of a field
bean, oblong, smooth, three-valved, but I never found more
than one cell. Seed solitary, covered with an orange-colour-
ed, pulpy tunic, under it a single, tender integument, of a
light brown colour. Perisperm conform to the seed, pure
white. Embryo erect, deep green. | Cotyledons peers Ra-
dicle oval, inferior.
11. C. robustus. R.
Leaves alternate, lanceolar, entire, glossy. Racemes:axil-
lary, length of the leaves, Capsule one-celled, two-seeded.
Sheelkoil the vernacular name in Silhet, where it is indi-
genous and grows to be one of their largest timber trees. It
blossoms in August, and the seeds ripen in March, 3
_ Young shoots straight, round,and smooth, Leaves alternate,
petioled, lanceolate, entire, acuminate, firm, and even glos-
sy ; about six inches long, and one and a half or two broad.
Stipules small, caducous, Racemes axillary, single, or pair-
ed, simple, cylindric, length of the leaves. Flowers numer-
ous, and over every part of the raceme, small, greenish yel-
low. Braetes conical, one under each pedicel. Calyx five-
parted ; segments oblong. Petals five, oblong, spreading.
Vectary, a fleshy, five-lobed ring round the base of the germ.
Filame nis five, rather longer than the petals, .4nthers two-.
S lobed, Ger “— meeneie liahedowg! inbiaanel?
eee
Buonymus. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNTA, 627
on the apex, two-celled, with two ovala in each attached to
the base of the cell, Styles two; slightly united at the base,
Yecurved, Stigmas headed. Capsules ovate-oblong, size of
a small olive, smooth, brown, one-celled, two-valved. | Seeds
generally two ; when so lanceolate, and flat on the inner side,
arilled, Integuments smooth, light chesnut-colour, pretty
thick and may while recent be divided into two or three la:
mina ; aril complete within half a line of the apex, thick and
_ soft, colour a lively bright yellow. Perisperm conform to
the seed, soft, white. Embryo erect. Cotyledons cordate.
Radicle cylindric, as long as the cotyledons, inferior.
EVONYMUS. Schreb. gen. N. 373.
Corol from four to five-petalled. Germ from two to five-
celled ; cells two-seeded ; attachment inferior, Capsule su-
perior, three or four-celled, three or four-valyed, Seeds ca-
lyptred. E'mbryo erect, and furnished with a perisperm,
1. E. atropurpurea, Willd. spec. i, 1132.
Shrubby, erect. Leaves opposite, lanceolar, smooth, ser-
rulate, Peduneles few-flowered ; flowers tetrandrous,
Found by Dr. Buchanan in Nepal, from whence he sent
seed to this garden, where in eight years the plants are four
or five feet high, thin of branches; and now beginning to
blossom in March.
Trunk erect. Bark smooth, and ash-coloured. Branch-
lets spreading, round, and smooth. Leaves opposing sate
perieints Magecias, mania on eee ane nist ‘tie ely serra
Seigler while the dinette i setdior dasa. do bris-
tle or two occupy their place, . Peduncles below the leaves,
opposite, expanding, diehotomous, each division three-flow-
ered, with generally one in the fork, Flowers pedicelled,
_ small, greenish white, Calyx four-leaved; leaflets round,
concave and smooth. Petals four, cordate, emi i
Na.
628 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Euonymus.
panding ; margins revolute, white, and smooth, Nectary a
deep green, four-lobed, fleshy body surrounding the base of
the germ. Filaments four, rather longer than the pistillum, _
inserted on the four lobes of the nectary. Anthers two-lob-
ed, dark brown. Germ superior, four-lobed, four-celled,
with two ovula in each, attached to the middle of the axis.
Style four-sided, Stigma obtuse.
2. E. glabra. Re <4
__Arboreous. Leaves opposite, oblong, smooth, with the
anterior margin serrate. Peduncles axillary and lateral,
two or three times dichotomous, with a single flower in each
fork ; flowers pentandrous.
A small tree, a native of Chittagong, where it flowers in
May. |
3. E. gareinifolia. R.
Sub-arboreous. Leaves opposite, lanceolar, entire, smooth.
“ Peduncles between the leaves, three-flowered, Capsule two-
valved, one-seeded. Ze
Mori the vernacular name in Silhet, where it is indige-
nous ; growing to the size of a small upright tree; flowersand
ripe seed were found on the same trees in the month of Janu-
ary 1812, but whether it is in constant flower and fruit the
whole year round, I cannot say.
_ Branchlets opposite, round, and covered with smooth
brown bark. Leaves opposite, short-petioled, lanceolar, en-
tire, smooth on both sides; from three to four inches long,
by about one broad, Pedunciles between the pairs of leaves,
sometimes opposite, sometimes solitary, short, and_ three-
flowered. Flowers short-pedicelled, small, pale-yellow.
Bractes subulate, caducous, Calyx five-leaved; /eaflets
oundish, smooth and imbricated. Petals five, oblong, mar-
gins incurved, many times longer than the calyx; down the
_ middle on the inside runs an elevated sharp rib. _ Filaments
five, shorter "than the ‘germ, sleapase with the patel An-
Ventilago. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 629
ihers erect, long-cordate. Germ superior, ovate, two-cell-
ed; each cell containing two ovula, attached to the thick-
ened middle of the partition, Style none, or very short,
Stigma four-toothed, Capsule oblong, size of a small field
bean, smooth, one-celled, two-valved, opening from the base.
Seeds solitary, at least I have not found more, oval, cover-
_ed with a thin, succulent, veined, bright, scarlet aril, Pe-
risperm conform to the seed, firm, and tough. Embryo erect.
Cotyledons ovate-cordate, Radicle cylindric, inferior,
VENTILAGO. Gert.
Calyz five-parted. Corol five-petalled. Germ hid in the
crenulated flat nectary. Style two-cleft. Samara semi-
supera, globose, long-winged, one-seeded, knee erect,
_ with perisperm.
eV. Madraspotanmi Willd, sp. i. 1106, Gert. carp. i. |
223. t. 49.
_Funis yiminalis. Rumph. Aud Vidit; Be
how. Ruktupita, |
Telinga. Yerra chictali.
A very large climbing shrub; a native of forests and ane
uncultivated places, amongst the mountains ; flowering dur-
ing the cold season. |
. Leaves alternate, short-petioled, bifarious, ovate-oblong,
seifulate; smooth, except while young, then villous; from
three to four inches long. Panicles terminal,: coal of
alternate, bifarious, ramous, villous branches. Flowers_ ve- :
ry numerous, small, greenish, smelling very strong and offen- _
sive. Calyx, corol, nectary, stamens, and pistillum as in
Rhamnus Jujuba, Capsule (Samara) globular, size of a
pea, surrounded near the middle with the remaining nectary,
terminating in a long, linear, membranaceous wing, one-cell-
ot; not open of itself. Seed solitary, round,
Nos
rue
tae
630 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Hovenia.
Obs. This plant is generally dioicous. The smell of the —
flowers is very offensive, not unlike that of Sterculia fetida, —
HOVENTIA. Schreb. gen. N. 375.
Calyx five-parted. Corol five-petalled.. Germ superior,
three-celled ; ced/s one-seeded; attachment inferior, Style
three-cleft. Capsule tricoccous, Embryo erect, with scan-
ty perisperm. avs
1. H. dulcis, Thunb. japon. 101. Willd. spec. i. 1141.
mre te de Ken et Kenpikonas, Kaempf. amoen. p. 808.
t. 809. —
A tree, a native of Nepal; from thence introduced by Dr.
Buchanan into the Botanic garden at Calcutta, where 7
eight years old, it began to blossom in April.
Trunk in our young trees straight and high, from ten to
twelve feet to the branches ; and twenty mehes in cireumfer-
ences, four feet above the earth. Total height about thirty
feet. Bark smooth, dark-brown. Branches spreading much,
branchlets bifarious, round; young shoots hairy. Leaves
alternate, short-petioled, cordate, acutely serrate, acuminate,
three-nerved, smooth above, a little hairy underneath ; from
four to six inches long, by from two to four broad. Stipules
lanceolate, hairy, caducous. Cymes axillary, rarely termi-
me: dichotomous, villous; divisions clavate. Flowers nu.
merous, small, white. Ca/ya one-leaved, acetabuliform, i in-
side hairy. Border five-parted ; divisions ovate, reflexed.
Petals five, inserted within the fissures of the calyx, broad
spatulate, sides incurved round the filaments, Filaments
five, longer than the petals, recurved. Anthers ovate.
Germ superior, ovate, three-celled, with one-ovulum in each,
attached to the bottom of its cell. Style cylindric, apex
hree-clett, | Stigmas simple. Capsules superior, round, size
ofa pea, thin, smooth, and brown, three-celled, The ramifi-
Lata ee —_ saves the seeds are ripe, much
Gouania, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 631
swollen, and. variously bent, as represented by Kaempfer,
but the taste is simply astringent. Seed solitary. Integu-
ments two ; exterior tough, thick, hard, and highly polished;
interior membranaceous, and covered with a brown mealy
substance. Perisperm in small quantity, tough, dull, livid-
white. Embryo erect, yellowish. Cotyledons Sabbewar:
- Radicle oval, inferior.
Obs. By Dr. Buchanan, dated Katumanda, 10th and \4th
November, 1802. “ Munko-khoshee. A tree originally brought
from China or some country subject to it. The fruit is a
capsule, containing three seeds, and resting on an enlarged
pedunculus, which is soft, and contains a sweet juice, This
does net come to maturity till after the capsules are ripe.
Part of the seed now sent in this parcel was brought from
China, and part has ripened here. There can be no doubt,
from the singular nature of the peduncle, that it is an Hove-
nia, Thunb. but whether or not his species, I know not. — It
has hairy leaves and is reckoned the largest tree in Nepal.”
_» PITTOSPORUM. Schreb. gen. N. 379.
Calyx five-leaved, deciduous. Petals five ; germ superi-
or, three-celled; ced/s many-seeded ; attachment interior.
Capsule three-celled, three-valved. Seeds many. Embryo
centripetal, and furnished with a perisperm,
or.
~1. P. Tobira, R.
Leaves sub-verticelled, — ee wales est Eaaag
= circular, |
- Tobira, Kaempf. amoenit. 796. tab. 797.
From China this pretty shrub has been a into
the Botanic — at apenscies
= GOUANIA. Schreds gen. Ny. 1592.
shinee: five-parted. - Corol oa enme Germ three.
Nad
632 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, ‘Ttea.
celled, sunk in the saucer-shaped, five-horned nectary ; cells:
one-seeded ; attachment inferior. Capsule inferior, three-
celled, with a single seed in each. Embryo erect, and fur-
nished with a perisperm,
1. G. tiliefolia. Willd, sp. iv. 1000, Roxb. Corom. 1.
AN. 98. wd
Shrubby, climbing. Leaves cordate, serrulate, smooth.
Racemes terminal, and axillary.
Telinga, Penki-tiga.
A large, climbing, woody shrub, a native of the Capes
mountains,
Tendrils simple, small, generally fromthe lower part of the
racemes. Leaves alternate, petioled, cordate, slightly serrate,
or crenulate, smooth, from two to four inches long. Racemes
terminal, and from the exterior axills, long, filiform, #Jowers
numerous, small. Bractes minute. Calyx above, five-parted.
Corol as in Rhamnus. Nectary the saucer-shaped part is
here augmented by five emarginated, spreading horns. Fila-
ments inserted in the margin of the nectary, alternate with its
horns. Germ below, three-sided, Style three-cleft. Capsule
dry, triangular, three-celled, three-valved. Seeds one in each
cell,
ITEA. Schreb. gen. N. 381. 3
iGslga five-toothed. Petals five, (four of which, with she
stamina are inserted on the receptacle.) Capsule pce
two-valved, many-seeded, Receptacles lateral. Z
= I. umbellata. R. Scarsp tite
_ Shrubby. Leaves alternate, petioled, brood Janssasiatte
Panicles axillary, and terminal, we of _——-
ed, simple umbellets. — set
“iden th Malay Islands, =e
Dalrymplea. | PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 633
from six to twelve inches long. Petioles from one to two
inches long. «Stipules one. Panicles axillary, terminal, and
scattered amongst the leaves, composed of long-pedicelled
umbellets, which are sometimes proliferous. Flowers numer-
ous, pretty large. Bractes minute, villous, Calyx cup-shap-
ed, five-toothed. Petals five, lanceolate, obtuse, inserted,
with the stamina round the base of the germ. Filaments short-
er than the corol, flat, Anthers sagittate. Germ oblong, pe-
dicelled, containing many ovula, attached to two opposite,
parietal receptacles, Style short and thick. Stigmaslight-
ly two-lobed. Capsule oblong, one-celled, two-valved. Seeds
several, aflixed to the- two parietal receptacles,
DALRYMPLEA. Roxb.
Calyx. five-leaved. Petals five, alternate with the stamina.
Germ superior, three-celled ; cel/s many-seeded ; attachment
of the ovula inferior. Berry three-celled. Seeds few, nuci-
form, Lmbryo sub-inferior, and furnished witha perisperm.
In memory of the late Alexander Dalrymple, Esq. author
of the Oriental Repertory, &c.
3 D. pomifera, R, ,
Junki jam the vernacular name in Silhet where it is a na-
tive, and grows to be a large tree. Flowering in March, and
the seed ripening in September and October.
* Young shoots rather .succulent, round, and perfectly
smooth, Leaves opposite, unequally pinnate, some of them
ternate; from ten to twenty inches long. Leaflets three or
four pair, and a terminal one, the pairs opposite, all more or
less petiolate, oblong, obtusely serrate, acuminate, smooth,
from five to six Gra long, by two or three broad, Peti-
oles and petiolets round and smooth, Panicles terminal,
spreading much, more broad than long, primary branches de-
cussate ; partial ones alternate with the small yellowish white
flowers, which are crowded round their extremities; every
634 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Cedrela.
part smooth. Bractes to the primary branches of the panicle
opposite, as in the Rubiacee ; the rest solitary.under each di-
vision and sub-division. Calyx inferior, five-leaved; leaflets
rather unequal and oval. Petals five, oblong, obtuse, spread-
ing. Nectary acetabuliform. Filaments five, alternate with
the petals, and shorter than they, inserted under the nectary.
Anthers ovate. Germ superior, three-lobed, indeed almost
separable, three-celled ; ovuda about eight in each cell, widely
attached to the axis. Style length of the germ, three-groov-
ed, Stigma three-lobed. Berry drupaceous, having the ap-
pearance of a pome, of a roundish, three-lobed form, very
fleshy, when ripe yellow, and almost smooth, size of a large
medlar, three-celled. Seeds several in each cell, shape vari-
ous, the most common roundish, reniform and considerably
compressed, attached to the partition, Integument single,
thick and of great hardness, in fact a perfect nut, exterior sur-
face brown and highly polished. Perisperm conform to the
‘seed, Embryo obliquely inferior. Cotyledons cordate, three-
nerved, Radicle oval, obliquely centrifugal.
CEDRELA. Schreb. gen. N. 383.
Calyx five-toothed. Corol five-petalled. Capsules five-
celled, five-valved, Seeds several in each cell, winged and
imbricated on a pentagonal mecgyeetlas Embryo inverse, pe-
apes scanty. |
| This genus is very nearly related to Swietenia, the slsieh
moths of distinction appear to. me to be the number of sta-
mina, viz. in Cedrela five, inserted on five nectarial glands
which embrace the base of the germ ; in Swietenia ten, insert-
ed into the mouth of a sub-cylindrical nectarium, which em-
braces the whole of the pistillum. In both, the seed vessel
aptoned> are very ae te alike, Be
Cedrela, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNTA, 635
- 1. C. Toona. R. tg
Panicles pendulous. Leaflets from six to twelve pairs,
lanceolate, entire, acute. ide, "4 ¥
Surenus. Rumph, Amb, iii. 66, t. 39.
Beng. Toon, Lood, iS
_ This most elegant, large timber tree is now found common
in Bengal, probably brought thither originally from the
mountainous parts of the northern, and north-east frontier.
Leaves deciduous during the cold season, appearing again
with the flowers in February. Seed ripe in May and June.
Trunk erect, growing to a great size and height, though
I have only seen small trees about Calcutta. Bark smooth,
gray. Branches numerous, forming a large, beautiful, sha-
dy head. Leaves alternate, abruptly pinnate, drooping,
from twelve to eighteen inches long. Leaflets from six to
twelve pairs, opposite or nearly so, short-petiolated, oblique-
ly lanceolate, the upper half broadest, and extending further
down the petiolet than the lower; margins waved, smooth
on both sides, tapering to a long acute point; from two to
six inches long, Petioles and petiolets round and smooth,
Stipules none. Panicles terminal, nearly as long as the
leaves, pendulous, composed of numerous, diverging, com-
pound ramifications, smooth in évery part. Bractes minute,
deciduous, Flowers very numerous, small, white, and pos-
sessing a fragrance like that of fresh honey. Calyx five-
parted, Petals five, oblong, with the margins ciliate, the
apices incurved over the stamens, and keeled on the inside
near the base. Nectary consisting of five, large, hairy,
orange-coloured glands, sitting round the lower half of the
germ, Filaments erect, inserted into the centre of the five
nectarial glands, rather shorter than the petals. Anthers
bent in towards the stigma. Germ superior, oblong, internal
structure and contents as in the capsule. Style length of
the corol, Stigma large, flat, composed of five lobes. Cap-
sules oblong, rather larger than a field bean, smooth, five-
celled, five-valved; valvelets opening from the apex and
636 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Camunium,
fallmg off with the seeds. Seeds numerous, imbricated, both
the ends and the exterior side membrane-winged; affixed to
the upper end of the sharp ridges of the receptacle, &e. ex-
actly as in Swietenia febrifuga, and Mahogani. See Gert.
carp, ii. 86. Perisperm in very small quantity, and more
like a fleshy interior integument, Embryo inverse. Cotyle-
dons oval, three-nerved, Radicle obliquely superior.
The wood of this tree issmuch like mahogany, but lighter,
consequently not so close in the grain, It is much used for
furniture and various other purposes. The bark is a power-
ful astringent, and though not bitter is a tolerably good
substitute for Peruvian Bark in the cure of remitting and
intermitting fevers ; particularly when joined with a small
portion of the powdered seed of Cesalpinia bonduecella,
(Kutkuleget of the ——— which is a most —
bitter. |
CAMUNIUM. Rumph.
Calyx five-toothed. Petals five. Nectary globular, apex
perforated, inside staminiferous. Germ superior, one-cell-
ed, from one to two-seeded ; attachment of the ovula superior.
1. C. chinense, Rumph. Amb. v. 28. t. 18.,f. 1.
An elegant shrub, most probably a native of China, at
least it has been brought to the Botanic garden at Calcutta
from Canton, under the name Sam-yeip-lan, where it blos-
soms ‘during the hot season, and the early part of the rains —
in June and July, but has not yet shown any tendency to ee
duce fruit. | 3
Stem in our young, small plant trifling, but many sree :
and branchlets rising and spreading in every direction.
Bark of the old ligneous paris olive gray; of the young”
shoots green, with their very tender apices clothed with stel-
late” ferruginous scales, Leaves alternate, petioled, ternate
and | “wnequally pinnate. Leaflets rarely more than five,the
Opposite, Ain Sach dominates the terminal one, all
Milnea, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, ~ 637
oblong, but tapering most toward the base, smooth, deep
green, entire, obtuse ; from an inch and a half to four inches
long, and from half an inch to two inches broad. _Petioles
somewhat winged, and channelled. Panicles, sometimes only
racemes, axillary, solitary, shorter than the leaves, Flowers
minute, yellow, faintly fragrant. Bracies ovate, one embrac-
ing the insertion of each pedicel. Calyz flat, five-toothed ;
teeth semi-lunar. Petals five, oval, concave, at all times
pressing on the nectary, smooth, much longer than the calyx.
Nectary sub-globular, mouth contracted, and slightly five-
toothed... Filamenis scarcely any. Anthers five, cordate,
attached to the nectary near its base on the inside. Germ
superior, oblong, hairy, one-celled, with one or two seeds,
which are attached to the top of the cell. Style none, Stig-
ma large, conical, sient
MILNEA. Roxb.
Calyx five-parted. Petals five. Nectary urceolate, with
the five anthers round its inside. Germ three-celled ; cells
from one to two-seeded ; attachment centripetal, no peris-
perm, :
In honour of Colin Milne, LL. D. author of a Botanical
Dictionary, Institutes of Botany, and other works,
1, M. adil, R.
A tree of middling size, a native of the “ ow hills and of
the Silhet district, where it is called Gumi by the natiyes,
who eat the large succulent aril which surrounds theseed un-
der the cortex of the berry. Flowering time June and July.
~The fruit: ‘ripens two or three months afterwards,
Young shoots densely clothed with dark brown eat
when more advanced smooth. Leaves alternate, unequally
pinnate, from six to twelve inches long. Leaflets from three
to six pair, sub-opposite, petiolate, lanceolate, entire, smooth
but not lucid, apt: acuminate, from. three to six inches
638 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Eleodendrum.
Jong, by one or two broad. Stipules none. Petioles cylin-
driec, somewhat villous, Panic/es one from each of the lower
axills, nearly as long as the leaves, very ramous and spread-
ing ; like the young shoots very downy. Flowers numerous,
minute, caducous. Bractes very minute, caducous, Calyx
five-parted, small, downy on the outside ; segments rounded.
Petals tive, oyal, concave. Nectary urceolate, rather
shorter than the petals, mouth five-toothed. Filaments five,
very short, inserted on the inside of the bottom of the belly
of the nectary. Anthers sagittate, and completely hid m
the nectary. Germ semi-superior, three-celled; ced/s with
one or two ovula attached to the axis, Style short and thick.
Stigma turbinate, truncate, six-grooved. Berry round-oval,
rather more than an inch in diameter, three-celled, contain-
ing seldom more than one fertile seed, most of the ovula be-
ing in gencral abortive. Cortex firm, rather dry, covered
with a rough, brownish gray mealiness, Seed solitary, oval,
inserted in a complete thick, fleshy, lucid, edible aril, like
that of the Lichee of China. Integument sirigle, brown, ad-
hering more firmly to the aril than the seed. Perisperm none.
Embryo transverse. Cotyledons conform to the seed, equal
with the surface, furrowed. Corculum transverse, hairy.
Radicle short, pointing to the umbilicus, ’
_.. ELHODENDRUM. Schreb. gen. N. 385.
_ Corol five-petalled. Germ two-celled, two-seeded ; attach-
ment inferior. Drupe superior, oval. Nut two-celled. me
bryo erect, without perisperm, | Hs
1. E. glaucum. Persoon. Synops, ii. 241. — Corom. 3
ii, 2. eo
~ Leaves opposite, ‘dinide serrate, | Panicle slay,
Sehreb: na albens: Wiutd. — 1092.
Eleodendrum. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 639
Mangifera glauca, Rotib. in. Nov. Act, Hawn. ii. 534,
to. fo 1.
A middle-sized, or rather soph tree, native of various parts
of India, From Ceylon it was received into the Botanic gar-
den at Calcutta, under the name Ceylon tea; its leaves are
like those of that plant but much longer ; their taste slightly
bitter and astringent. It flowers in May ; the seeds ripen in
September and October.
Trunk straight. Bark in young trees, smooth, and olive-
coloured. Branches numerous, spreading in every direction,
and forming a very dense, oval head ; young shoots round,
and smooth. Leaves opposite, Saticcéoled, oblong, and
cuneate-oblong, sometimes very acutely, and sometimes ob-
tusely serrate; texture hard, with both surfaces polished,
the upper dein ; apex’ rather obtuse, and always bent
down, from thrid to four inches long, and about two broad,
Stipules a minute scale on each side of the inside of the base
of each short, polished petiole. Panicles axillary, shorter
than the leaves; all its divisions dichotomous and divaricate,
Flowers pedicelled, small, greenish yellow. Bractes small,
oblong, from one to three, at the base of each pedicel, and at
the divisions of the panicle. Calyx of five, somewhat une-
qual, round, concave, caducous leaflets, Peta/ls five, ex pand-
ing, linear-oblong, sessile. Neetary a green, pentagonal,
fleshy, scolloped gland, in which a great part of the germ is
immersed. Filaments five, inserted on the nectary, scarcely
half the length of the petals ; at first nearly erect, but by age
becoming so much revolute as to bring the roundish, two-
lobed anthers under the calyx. Germ superior, immersed
in the very large, green, fleshy nectary, two-celled, with two
“ ovula in each, attached to the bottom of their cells. Style
short, conic. Stigma simple, obtuse. Drupe nearly round,
size of a large cherry, smooth, pulpy, when ripe olive-colour-
ed, one-celled. Nut oval, rather more aeute at the apex than
at the base, a little rugose, with two grooves on the opposite
_ sides; uncommonly ne hard ; two-eelled, though one
640 . PENTANDRIA MONOGYNITA, Mangifera.
is often abortive, Seed solitary, very rarely two, oblong,
more convex on the inside. Integument ; there seem two, ra-
ther spongy. Perisperm none. Embryo erect. Cotyledons.
conform to the seed, amygdaline. Plumula minute, two-lob-
ed. Radicle oval, inferior, and lodged close to the umbi-
licus,
2. E. indicum, Gert. carp. i, 274.4. 57.
Arboreous. Leaves opposite, obovate-oblong, obtuse, re-
motely serrulate. Panicles axillary, small, dichotomous.
Drupe and nut oblong.
Rubentia. Jussieu. Genera. plant. 416.
A middling-sized tree, a native of the Mauritius, where it
is called Bois d’ Olive. Flowers in May and June, and -
seeds ripen in October.
MANGIFERA. Schreb. gen: N. 387.
- Calyx five-leaved, or five-parted. Corol from four to five-
petalled. Germ one-celled, ovulum single; attachment la-
teral. Drupe superior, reniform, Embryo sub-erect, with-
out perisperm.
1. M. oppositifolia. R. ,
Leaves opposite, lanceolar, acuminate, Panicles deans
_ mal, Stamina from four to five, all fertile. eee
/Meriam, the vernacular name at Rangoon in Surnngaden
the tree is indigenous, and grows to the general size of a
small apple tree in England, The wood is somewhat red, —
hard, close-grained, and said to be very durable, Flower-
ing time the month of March, fruit ripe in Jane and July.
Branches and branchlets smooth and green, Leaves op-
_ posite, short-petioled, lanceolar, polished, obtusely. ——
_ hate; from four to six inches long, and from one to two
‘Stipules none, but the scales of. the bud» rernain for some
— a base of. ~ oy seine Panicles generally
Mangifera, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNITA, 64)
terminal, shorter than the leaves, oblong, rather dense; ra-
mifications opposite, smooth in every part. Bractes ovate,
acute, caducous, Flowers numerous, minute, pale-yellow,
Calyx from four to five-parted, segments rounded. Petals
four or five, oblong, a keel down the middle on the inside.
Filaments four or hive, short, alternate with the petals, An-
thers ovate with an obtuse point. Germ obliquely ovate,
one-celled, and containing one ovulum attached to the side
of the cell, under the perforation of the stigma. : Style
scarcely any, Stigma of three, very unequal lobes, one of
which is much more elevated and much larger; between it
and the lower and smaller lobes the channel may be traced.
Drupe sub-ovate, a little compressed, smooth, pale-yellow,
the size of a small pullet’s egg, one-celled, like the man-
go the pulp is yellow, and universally eaten in Burma. Wut
oblong, &c. in every respect like that of the common man-
go, but much smaller, thin, and of a soft texture, easily cut,
fibrous on the outside, smooth on the inside, chesnut-colour-
ed, one-celled, evalvular. Seed solitary, conform to the nut.
Integument, no other than the nut could be observed. Pe-
risperm none. Embryo erect. Cotyledons conform to the
seed, oblong, fleshy. Plumula pointed, curved up, two-lob-
ed, Radicle inferior, conic, transverse.
2. M. indica. Willd. spec. i. 1150, Vahl. en. pl. i. 7. Co-
rom, pl.
Leaves lanceolate. Panicles terminal. Flowers with one
fertile stamen.
Mao, du. Mau, vel. Mangas. Rheed. Mal. iy. 1, t. 1. 2.
_ Manga domestica, Rumph, Amb. i, 93.1.25. 00 |
Beng. Aw.
English, Mango.
Telinga. Mamadi-chitoo.
Tam, Mangas marum.,
Of this tree, though one of the most common ib Tidia, J
VOL. 1. =
642 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Mangifera.
*
have not yet met with any description which deserves the:
hame, ‘
It is universally cultivated all over India, and all the
warmer parts of Asia. Is generally raised from seed, though
sometimes by layers, or grafting by approach, which are the
only methods of certainly continuing a good sort, probably
of improving them. The stones must be sown soon after
they are taken from the fruit, otherwise they do not vege-
tate, but there is no depending on the quality of the fruit so
raised, The seed of a very superior sort will produce fruit _
of a bad kind ; and vice versa, hence such an infinite variety.
Colonel Kyd in Bengal, and Dr. Anderson at Madras, have
lately begun to graft by approach ; which will no doubt be a
means of improving this excellent fruit, Flowering time Ja-
nuary, February, and March; the fruit is ripe im May, June,
and July.
The ‘tree grows to be of a very great size, with an crock
trunk, covered with dark-coloured, scabrous, cracked bark ;
(large old trees of from ten to fifteen feet in circumference are
meant.*) Branches very numerous, the lower ones spreading
horizontally to a great extent, the upper ones gradually as-
cending till they become nearly erect in the centre. Leaves
alternate, petioled, about the extremities of the young shoots,
approximated, reclined, lanceolar, entire, often a little waved
at the margins, firm, smooth, shining; generally from six to
twelve inches long, and from two to three broad. Petioles
round, ‘smooth, from one to two inches long, thickish at the
base, Stipules none. Panicles terminal, large, erect, or as-
cending, rigid, a little downy, often tinged with red. Pedi-
cels shart, thick, rigid. Bractes oval, concave,a little downy.
Flowers small, yellow, with some stripes of red near the base
of the petals, many perfect male flowers are often found mix-—
ed with the hermaphrodite ones throughout the panicle,
ee es
~~ A grove a of that ping. it bolero feo and 8 met — sight’
*
“
Mangifera, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 643
*
Calyz five-leaved ; ; leaflets oblong, concave. Petals five, lan-
ceolate, epremtings: twice the length of the calyx. Mectary
five, large, yellow, fleshy bodies surrounding the base of the
germ, forming as it were an excavated, five-lobed receptacle
for it to sit in, each of the lobes as large as the germ itself.
Filament single, subulate, ascending, half the length of the
petals, inserted between the lower lobe of the nectary and the
germ. Anther oval, purple. Besides these there are general-
ly two, three, four, or more, very minute, sterile filament like
‘bodies, issuing from the apices of the lobes of the nectary.
Germ obliquely oval, one-celled, and containing asingle vvu-
lum, attached to the side of the cell, opposite to the fertile
stamen, and under the style. Style from the side of the germ,
length of the stamen, subulate, declining, so as to bring the
- stigma which is small, and incurved nearly to touch the an-
ther. Drupe oblong, or kidney- -formed, also a little compress-
ed like a kidney, fleshy, smooth, when ripe yellow, size va-
rious, but in general about as large as a goose-egg, Nut con-
form to the drupe, but more compressed, woody, one-celled,
two-valved, covered on the outside with many fibrous ram
ments, particularly on the worst sorts. s
It is by no means necessary for me to mention thatthe ‘pe.
fruit of this tree, (when of a good sort,) is universally eaten,
and esteemed the best fruit in India. Jellies, preserves, tarts,
pickles, &e. are made of them before ripe.
“The kernels are large, and seem to contain much nourish-.
ment, however they are made no use of, exeept during times
of scarcity and famine ; they are then boiled in the, soon of
= and used as an article of diet, 3
~ The wood is of a dull gray colour, porous, yet pes Aue
rable if kept dry, but soon decays if exposed to wet. In very
large old trees it acquires a light chocolate colour towards
the centre of the trunk, and larger branches, This is hard,
closer grained, and much more derable. |
From wounds made in ‘the bark, there issues a soft, red-
dish, brown gum resin, which age hares, and renders ex-
Ge2: * ;
644 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. = -Mangifera,
ceedingly like bdellium, Laid on the point of a knife and
held in the flame of a candle, it readily melts, catches flame,
and burns with a cracking noise; emitting a smell exceeding=
ly like that of Cashew nuts when roasting. Jt softens in the
mouth, and adheres to the teeth. Its taste is slightly bitter
with some degree of pungency. It dissolves almost entirely
in spirits, and in a great measure in water ; both solutions are
milky with a small tinge of brown,
3. M. sylvatica, R.
Leaves alternate, lanceolar, glossy, Panicles terminal.
Flowers monandrous. Drupe obliquely conic, with the point-
ed apex turned one side.
-Lukshmee am, the vernacular name in Silhet ; on the moun-
tains adjoining to that district it grows to be a tall tree of
great size. Flowering time October ; the fruit ripens in Fe-
bruary and March, and is eaten by the natives, though by no
. means so palatable as even a bad domestic mango, they alse
dry them and keep them for medicinal purposes.
Leaves as in the common cultivated sorts, alternate, peti-
oled, lanceolar, entire and smooth; from six to eight inches
long, by one and a half or two broad, Panicles terminal, much
larger than in the domestic sorts, and with the numerous ra~
mifications more erect and slender, Flowers very numerous,
small, white, with a faint shade of pink ; they are more com-
pletely monandrous than any of the cultivated sorts. Calyx
five-leaved, many times shorter than the corols, Petals five,
linear, spreading, and finally becoming somewhat twisted and
revolute. MNectary a short, solid, turbinate, slightly groov-
__ ed, villous receptacle for the germ to rest on. In the domestic
sorts it is composed of five distinct glands, which embrace
the base of the germ. Filament single, inserted into the pot
of the nectary, incurved, length of the pistillum, Anther oval.
? Germ elevated on the RE nectary or receptacle,
“unequally oval, smooth, one-celled ; ovulum single, attached
at side ‘of the. eal} from whence the style rises, and_-most
Harpuilia, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNITA, 645
remote from the stamina, Style subulate, length of the fila-
ment, incurved, after fecundation recurved. Stigma simple,
acute, Drupe ovate, obliquely acuminate, smooth, when
ripe yellow, like thecommon mango and nearly as large, one> _
celled. Nut oblong, less fibrous than in the common sorts,
aud also less firm, with an even surface. Seeds solitary, con-
form to the nut. Integument single. Perisperm none, Em-
bryo between erect and transverse. Cotyledons equal, con-
form to the seed, Radicle lodged between the cotyledons on
_ one side of their base, pointing out, and rather upward.
HARPULLIA. R.
Calyx five-leaved, Corol five-petalled, alternate with
the stamina. Germ two-celled; cells one-seeded; atiach-
ment of the ovula sub-superior, Capsules two-celled, Seed
solitary, arilled. &mbryo with incumbent cotyledons, and
lateral radicle without a perisperm. five
12 Sapaaasktos R,
Harpulli the vernacular name at Chittagong.
A small tree ; a native of the hilly parts near ————
it flowers in April; and the fruit ripens in July. ‘3
_ Trunk straight. Branches tew, and tending to be erect
also; bark ash-coloured ; young shoots smooth, Leaves al-
ternate, abruptly pinnate, from twelve to eighteen inches
long. Leaflets from four to six pair, short-petiolate, from al-
ternate to opposite, from ovate below to lanceolar above ; all
are entire, and smooth on both sides ; apex considerably point-.
ed; from three to six inches long, by one or two broad, Pe-
tioles round and smooth, Panicles axillary, solitary, erect,
thin of branches, and shorter than the leaves, Flowers small,
pale yellow, Bractes subulate.. Calyx inferior, five-leaved,
permanent; leaflets oval. Petals five, lanceolate, obtuse,
spreading, becoming recurved. Filaments five, alternate
with the petals, and much shorter, Anthers oblong, Germ
O03
646 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Neerija.
ovate, hairy, somewhat two-lobed, two-celled, with one pen-
dulous ovulum in each attached to the upper end of the par-
tition. Style short. Stigma two-lobed ; lobes reflex, adnate.
Capsules pendulous, orbicular,two-lobed, considerably com-
pressed, villous, two-celled, two-valved, opening all round.
Partition opposed to the valves, The whole very exactly
resembling the capsule of Geloneum cupanioides. Gert.
carp. ii. 271. t. 139. Seed solitary, semi-oval ; the inner side
being straight, the exterior rounded, arilled. Integument
single, rather thin, smooth, chesnut colour. Avi/ deep orange,
covering the whole seed from the base except the apex. Pe-
risperm none. Embryo green. Cotyledons two, conform to.
the seed, incumbent, their line of separation being nearly
through the middle of the seed, which makes them equal.
Radicle on the exterior or convex side of the seed, apex ra-
ther acate, and turned up into a small hollow in the upper-_
most cotyledons, so that it points to the apex of the seedy
After it has Jengthened alittle by the progress of vegeta-
tion, the two-lobed plumula is very conspicuous,
NEERIJA. R.
Calyx five-leaved. Coro! five-petalled. Style simple.
Berry superior, one or two-seeded,. :
LN. dichotoma. R. sie (ams
- Telinga, Neerija. - ees > ane
A middle-sized tree, a ative of ane anciasision of Coro
mandel, Flowers about the beginning of the hot season. —
Trunk erect. Bark rust-coloured, scabrous.. Tieesdacias
numerous, spreading in every direction. Branchlets oppo-
site, round and smooth, — Leaves opposite and alternate, pe-
tiolate, oval and oblong, serrato-crenate, smooth ; about four
as: and two broad; texture hard... Petioles round,
e-quarters of an inch long. Panicles axillary, globu--
, throug] ut ‘ichotomous, with the divisions stand-
Vareca, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 647
ing at right angels, Peduncles three times the length of the
petioles, round, smooth. #/owers small, yellow, not very
numerous, Calyz five-leaved; Jeaflets orbicular, unequal,
caducous, Petals five, oblong, spreading. Nectary alarge,
fleshy, pentagonal ring surrounding the base of the germ,
into its angles the filaments are inserted. Filaments five,
shorter than the petals, spreading. Anthers two-lobed.
Germ superior, conical. Style shorter than the stamens,
thick. Stigma simple. Berry obiong, succulent, red, smooth,
one-celled. «Seeds one, or two.
Is nearly allied to Eleodendrum glaucum in habit, but in
that the drupe with a single, very thick, hard nut will alone
be sufticient to distinguish them. }
. The fresh bark ef the root, rubbed with plain water, is by
the natives applied externally to remove almost every sort of
swelling. It is a very sirong astringent, pata scarcely
aay other sensible quality,
_ VARECA. Geert.
Calyx five-leaved, or five-parted. Corol five-petalled.
Germ superior, one-celled; ovula numerous, their attach-
ment parietal. Berry one-celled, Seeds a few, inserted on
the three parietal receptacles, AE LO AO PLING
1. V. moluccana, R.
_ Leaves alternate, lanceolar. Peduncles axillary, many-~
flowered. Filaments free.
A small tree, from fifteen to twenty feet in height, a native
of the Molucca islands, and from thence introduced into the
Botanic garden at Calcutta, in 1798, where it blossoms in Oc-
tober and November, and again in March, April, and May;
but has not yet, though now fourteen years in Bengal, pro-
duced even well 0 ii fruit, so that the genus is still doubt-
* falktvice ess
Trunk erect. eictiins numerous, between erect and pa
Oo4
648 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Vareca,
tent. Bark of the old parts smooth, and ash-coloured ; of the
young shoots with a little, short, ferruginous pubescence,
Leaves alternate, about the end of the branchlet, short-peti-
oled, lanceolar, entire, waved, acute, smooth, and glossy,
above; from four to twelve inches long, and from one to four
broad. Stipules none. Peduneles axillary, solitary, about
an inch long, many-flowered, villous. lowers middle-
sized, white, inodorous, pedicelled. Bractes small, cadu-.
cous.. Calyx one-leaved, five-toothed, villous, caducous,
Petals five, linear-oblong, recurved, many times longer than
the calyx. Filaments five, inserted on the receptacle, short-
er than the germ, and pressing uponit, Anthers sagittate.
Germ superior, oblong, torulose, villous, one-celled, with _
many ovula, attached to two or three parietal receptacles.
Style short. Stigma pretty large, two or three-lobed.
2. V. lanceolata, R. . nae ist
Leaves alternate, lanceolar. Flowers in axillary fascicles;
An erect, shrubby plant, a native of Pulo Pinang.
Leaves alternate, bifarious, short-petioled, lanceolate;
veins numerous, simple and parallel ; smooth on both sides.
Stipules within the leaves, lanceolate, chaffy. Flowers small,
numerous, collected onshort-peduncled, axillary, compound:
corymbs, pale yellow. Calyx five-leaved ; /eaflets oval, con-
cave, permanent, Petals five, lanceolate, ecniing g, perma-—
nent, Filaments five, shorter than the petals, incurved, unit-
ed at the base into a ring round the lower half of the germ.
Anthers arrow-shaped, erect. Germ superior, ovate, hairy.
Sty/e longer than the stamens, hairy. Stigma simple. Cap-
sules three-lobed, leathery, one-celled, evalvular, Seeds se-
veral, affixed to three, vertical, parietal receptacles, on the in- _
side of the middle of the lobes of the capsules, Boopgttt
BY, deri R, : a
bb; Leaves broad tanceoar, erenate, Flowers ile
= rt a.
Se inseash (ag Cae or pees ~
Viola, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 649
A small ase; received into this garden from Generel
Martin at Lucknow, Blossoms in October.
Stem short and slender; bark smooth, ash-coloured,
Branches bifarious, slender, all spreading nearly horizontal-
ly. Leaves alternate, bifarious, sessile, cuneate-lanceolar,
crenate, smooth on both sides; in the axill of each vein on the
under side is a-remarkable hollow gland. Stipules ensiform.
Flowers axillary, crowded, sessile, small, white. Calyx of
five, unequal, imbricate, woolly, margined leaflets. Petals
five, lanceolate, confined at the base, by the rigid leaflets of
the perianth, into a bell shape ; above they are revolute and
smooth on both sides. Filaments five, long, and slender, pro-
jecting considerably beyond the mouth of the bell-shaped _
part of the corol, at the base each side is enlarged with one or
more adjoimed hornlets which are bearded at the base, Germ
superior, ovate, somewhat three-sided, Style as long as the
stamens, villous; stigma simple. In the germ are the rudi-
ments of two, three, or four seeds.
VIOLA. Schreb. gen. N. 1364.
Calyx five-leaved, Corol five-petalled, irregular, calea-
rate. Anthers united. Capsules superior, three-valved, one-
celled. Seeds many, parietal. Embryo furnished with a pe-
riapenn 3 3 radicle centrifugal.
L v. bufraitcosen Willd. spec, i, 1171.
Perennial, diffuse. Leaves alternate, sub-sessile, lanceolate.
Stipules subulate. Peduneles axillary, with two bractessiear
the middle, Corel resupine. Capsulesround. = =
_A native of the sandy lands about Madras. In the Bota-
nic.garden at Calcutta it continues in flower and seed most
part of the year.
Stem scarcely any, but many diffusd! perennial, round,
smooth branches, often extending to a foot in length, Leaves
alternate, sub-sessile, vere: slightly serrate, pretty
650 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, : Viola,
smooth, about an inch long, and a quarter of an inch broad.
- Stipules small, subulate. Peduncles axillary, solitary, one-
flowered ; shorter than the leaves, jointed above the middle,
where there are two small bractes, one on each side. Calyx
five-leaved. Leaflets nearly equal, lanceolate, acute. Petals
five, rosy, the two upper ones smallest, linear-oblong, and
pointed ; the two lateral ones sub-ovate, with long, taper, re-
curved apices; the lower one (here the corol is resupinate,)
much larger than the others, broad-cordate, supported on a
claw as long as the superior petals, which is protruded be-
hind, between the two lower leaflets of the calyx, into a gib-
bous nectary, Filaments; the two lower ones have eacha —
_ ciliate hornlet projecting back. nthers with brown, ovate,
scariose apices, Capsules nearly round, size of a pea, one-
celled, three-valved. Seeds several in each cell, attached to
a ridge which runs along the inside of each valve, obovate.
Integument single, thin, striated. Perisperm conform to the
seed, white. Embryo three-fourths the length of the peris-
perm, greenish, Cotyledons oval. Radicle sub-cylindric,
pointing to the umbilicus, at the small end of the seed,
2. V. enneasperma. Willd. spec. i. 1171.
Perennial, rather diffuse. Leaves lanceolate. Corol with
little or no horn behind. = pO
- Nelam. parenda. Rheed. Mal. 9, t, 60. rather a bad figure.
3. V. primulifolia, Willd. spec. i. 1162. sg
Annual, stemless. Leaves from triangular to faneolile
cordate, serrate, decurrent. Flowers resupinate ; in that ae
sition the lower petal is broader, and emarginate. é
Native of the interior parts of Bengal ; in the Botanic gar-
den at Calcutta it blossoms and _ its seed more or _—
i Saag a | : ; t
.
Impatiens, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 651
rate lobes, and apex rounded, in luxuriant plants the scapes
are many-flowered. Flowers as and very general-
ly without a corol.
Received from the Mauritius into the Botanic garden in
Bengal, where it is in constant flower and seed the whole
- year.
IMPATIENS. Schreb. gen. N. 1365.
Calyx two-leaved, Corol five-petalled, irregular. Nec-
tary cucullate. Anthers united.._Germ five-celled ; cells
many-seeded ; attachment central. Capsu/es superior, five-
celled, five-valved. Seed numerous, Embryo naked, with
- centripetal radicle, :
1. I. Balsamina. Willd, spec. i, AN75..
Leaves lanceolate, serrate. Peduncles one-flowered. Ne ec-
tary shorter than the flower,
Tilo-Onapa. Rheed, Jal. ix. 101. t. 52.
Beng. Doopati.
Hind. Gool-mendee.
oS a tripetala. R. .
Leaves alternate, opposite and tern, eval leone ser-
rate. Peduneles from one to many-flowered. | Corol three-
_Petalled; horn of the ample nectary hooked.
_ Anative of the mountains near Silhet, where it flowers and
Tipens its seed more or less the whole year round, Rheede’s
Tilo-Onapu is, 1 think, more like ‘this than. it.is to 1. Bal-
samina, though quoted for that species; and I can scarcely
conceive this to be that plant in its original wild state.
Root annual, fibrous. Stem erect, swelled at the leaves,
scarcely pubescent in any respect. Branches opposite, se-
veral pairs, and generally below the middle of the plant;
whole height from one to two feet, Leaves on the stem op-
* posite, and tern ; on the branches often alternate, long-peti-
oe | PENTANDRIA MONOGYNTA, Impatiens,
oled, broad-lanceolar, serrate, a little hairy, particularly the
serratures ; about three inches long, by ene broad. Flow-
ers axillary, from one to many, in the latter case their long
pedicels are inserted on a very short, common pedunele,
Perianth of two, small, bracte-like leaflets. Corol three-
petalled ; the upper one forming a roof over the interior part
of the whole flower; Jateral pairs composed of two, large,
roundish lobes each ; the lower lobes thereof forming the lip.
Nectary large, with a hooked or incurved slender horn from
its obtuse end. Stamina, &c. as in the genus. :
It has a pretty appearance when in full blossom, the flow-
ers being numerous, large, and of a lively red colour, with
the nectary deeply tinged yellow.
3. I. natans. Willd. spec. i. 1175.
Leaves linear-lanceolate, serrate. Peduncles three-flower-
ed. Berries five-seeded. aia ak
Telinga, Neer-Ganaroo, i, e. water Oleander, :
This is a large annual species ; a native of ponds, ditches,
&e. of sweet water. It flowers during the rainy and cold
seasons, ees
_ Stem piped, all the parts that grow in, or float on the water,
bending in various directions, and being often some yards
in length; the part above the water is erect, branchy and
from one to two fect high. The former part is jointed, with
roots from the joints, and the pipe interrupted there; the
erect part five-sided, smooth, coloured, as thick as the fore- _
finger ; pipe interrupted at the leaves, as in the floating parts.
Leaves sessile, scattered, lanceolate, serrate, smooth; from
four to five inches long, and less than one broad ; there is @
gland on each side of the base instead of stipules. —Pedun-
eles axillary, solitary, generally three-cleft, three-flowered.
Braetes (Involucres) oblong, Flowers large, very beauti-~
px peek with red, white, and. yellow. Penoarpe :
Leea, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, : 653
size of a cherry, Seeds five, hard, nut-like, obliquely. ob-
long, la pped over at both ends, |
When in flower, this is one of our most elegant water
plants, .
LEEA. Schreb. gen. N. 1432.
Calys five-toothed. _Corol one-petalled, witha five-cleft,
staminiferous nectary in the mouth of the tube. Germ six-
celled; cells one-seeded,
This definition includes, I think,, Aquilicia sambucina,
which of course I do not consider as a distinct genus.
The position of the anthers in this family is so remarkable
and anomalous, that I know of nothing like it elsewhere.
The filaments are inserted into the bottom of the fissures of
the nectary, and rise parallel with its segments, to their height,
where they are quickly bent in and down, to their projecting
apices, the inverted anthers are attached near the middle of
their backs, with their sides touching, and in most of the
Species, as firmly united as in any syngenesious plant, form-
ing a cylindrical tube round the stigma ; in this position they
remain, until by the detachment of the filaments from the nec-
tary, they fall off in one body.
1, Lageenephitia ie
Herbaceous. Leaves simple.
Sans. Sumoodruka,
Beng. Dhol-Shumoodra.
_Is common phrmmshent Pongale lewete time the: rainy
season. .
Root tuberous, paiclidiels aes Stem soray piece yet
jointed. Leaves simple, alternate, petioled, broad-cordate, ir-
regularly serrate, or tooth-lobed ; posterior lobes large and
overlapping each other ; smooth on both sides, except that on
the under side the numerous veins are very protuberant, of
which the larger are always opposite; from one to two feet
ih
654 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Leea,
long, and nearly as broad. Petioles tapering from the base,
furrowed below, channelled above, as far as the stipule-like
membrane reaches. Cymes terminal, large; first division
three-parted, or three distinct cymes, superior divisions less
regular, Flowers very numerous, small, white, Bractes small,
falling, Calyx five-toothed, permanent. Corod one-petalled.
Tube length of the calyx. Border five-parted ; divisions lan-
ceolate, expanding with an incurved apex, and there bagged,
Nectary ; in this species the apices of the divisions are entire.
Filaments five, length of the nectary, and inserted on the
bottom of its five fissures, Anthers inverted within the mouth
of the nectary, with their sides united. Germ superior, six~
celled, with one ovulum in each, attached to the base of the
axis. Style cylindric. Stigma simple, perforated, lodged
about the middle of the inverted anthers. Berry much de-
pressed, torose, size of a small cherry, obscurely six or more~
lobed, smooth, black, and succulent when ripe, six or more-
celled. Seeds solitary. Intequments two; the exterior one
somewhat nuciform, pretty thick, and brown; the inner one
very thin, and lighter coloured, adhering to the perisperm.
Perisperm conform to the seed, deeply intersected with brown,
clammy fissures, Embryo small, scarcely half the length of
the perisperm, subulate. Cotyledons subulate. Radicle in-
ferior, pointing to the umbilicus. 7
Obs. The root promises to yield a colour fit for dyeing 5: ; ; its
sates is a and it is mucilaginous, ; =
S. L. crispa, Willd. spec. i. 1177.
‘Herbaceous, stem and branches fringed at the angles.
Leaves pinnate ; leaflets oblong, serrate. Antlers so age
Nalugu. Rheed. Mal, ii. 43. t. 26.00
Beng. Bun-chelta. | :
3 Grows wild among bushes near Calcutta. Flowering time
1€ rain} season ; and though the flowers are not conspicuous:
Leea, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 655
Root perennial. Stems several, herbaceous, somewhat
woody, from four to five feet high, jointed, swelléd above
the joints, the young shoots chiefly areornamented with from
six to eight, thin, short, much curled wings. Leaves alter-
nate, petioled, generally quinate-pinnate, though in luxuri-
ant plants the lower pair is sometimes compound, Leaflets
petioled, ovate-oblong, pointed, deeply and acutely serrate ;
Veins numerous, simple, parallel, large, running off at an an-
gle of about forty-five degrees, corresponding in number with
the serratures of the margin, and ending in their points, as
in Dillenia speciosa. Petioles four or five-Winged; wings
curled, &c, as on the branches, Stipules falcate, not ciliate.
Cymes terminal, small, a little hairy, five-flowered. Bractes
Iainate, hairy, margins running down the next peduncle or-
pedicel immediately below, forming a deep groove thereon,
with high winged margins. Calyx absolutely fiye-toothed,
permanent. Corol as in the last species, Mectary also as in
the last. nthers lodged within the mouth of the nectary,—
but not adhering to one another. Germ conical, six-celled,
with one ovudum in each, attached to the base of the axis,
Style five-grooved. Berry round, size of a small cherry,
when ripe smooth, black, and succulent, six-celled. Seeds one
in each cell, all of which very frequently come to perfection,
obliquely-obovate, inserted near the inner and lower angle
to the lower part of a soft, central receptacle. Integument
single, hard, and’ pretty smooth; a very thin membrane
seems to cover and adhere to the perisperm. Perisperm con-
form to the seed, deeply intersected with brown, clammy fis-
sures. Embryo small, lodged in the base of the perisperm:
near the umbilictis, a little incurvate. Cotyledons —
Radickes inferior, oblong. :
3. L. robusta. R.
Shrubby, jointed, pubescent. Rane bi- and sic ptanite g
leaflets ovate-lanceolate, serrate, cuspidate. aged ub- ;
globular, re
656 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Celastrus.
A native of the northern Circars. In the Botanic garden
at Calcutta, it flowers during the rains.
Stems in plants five years old erect, about five or six feet
high, stout, simple, flexuous, jointed, round, the woody parts
pretty smooth, the more tender parts rather harsh, with coarse,
short pubescence. Leaves alternate, from pinnate to tripin-—
nate, from one to three feet long, and often broader than long.
Leaflets ovate-lanceolate, the lateral ones with a broad-cordate
base, serrate, hairy underneath ; from five to ten inches long,
and from three to five broad. Petioles channelled on the up-
per edge. Stipules petiolary, large, semi-elliptic, villous, ca-
ducous. Cymes terminal, super-decompound, villous. Flow-
ers very numerous, small. Bractes linear, villous, caducous,
Calyx campanulate, five-toothed. Corol green, five-cleft.
Nectary round, urceolate, pearl-coloured, inserted on the
mouth of the small tube of the corol, and there contracted by
a sharp vein on the inside, deeply five-parted ; segments li-
near-oblong,, fleshy, with a thin, rounded apex. Filaments
inserted into the bottom of the fissures of the nectary, above
the middle jointed, and there bent in and down. Anthers li-
-near-oblong, inverted, and in that position their margins are
firmly united into a ring round the stigma. Germ superior,
ovate, six-celled, with one ovulum in each, attached to the
base of the axis. Style short, but thin, andsix-grooved. Stig- —
_ ma rather large, entire, convex. Berry much flattened, size
of a small cherry, smooth, black, and somewhat succulent, ©
six-lobed,six-celled. Seed solitary. Perisperm conform to
the seed, intersected with some deep brown fissures, as in all
the other species examined by me. Embryo small, a little
curved, Cotyledons subulate. Radicle inferior, pointing to
the umbilicus. : =a
_A.L, hirta. Herb. Banks.
; | Shrubby. Leaves pinnate, and bi-pinnate ; peat lente”
ite, erate, Ethie big ufuihere conneetatbiuaisi-sisi yas
Leea. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 657
A native of the lower parts of Bengal. Flowering time
the rainy season. ie
Stems several, somewhat woody, flexuose, jointed. Bark
greenish, slightly scabrous ; branches few, and like the stem.
Leaves alternate, petioled, from simple to decompound.
Leaflets opposite, oblong, serrate, scabrous and hairy on
both sides, particularly on the under one, from two to eight
inches long, and from one to three broad. Petiole and
petiolets round, scabrous and hairy. Stipules petiolary.
Cymes terminal, three-parted. Nectary inserted into the
edge of the projecting ring which surrounds the mouth of the
tube of the corol, the tube of which is erect, and five-parted ;
divisions oblong, emarginate. Filaments five, the length of
the nectary, and inserted into the bottom of its five fissures.
Anthers oblong, three-fourths or more lodged within the
mouth of the nectary, with their points downwards, and firm-
ly coalescing at the sides into a tube. Berry ; when ripe it
has much the appearance of a black currant, a little flatten-
ed, generally six-seeded, when dry it appears with as many
lobes, (torose ). “Seeds, &c. anata: as in the former and fol-—
lowing ——
6. L. sambueina. Willd. spec. i. 1177.
Shrubby. Leaves from simple to decompound ; Joaplots
ovate, oblong, serrate, smooth, Cymes super-decompound,
‘Frutex aquosus, foemina. Rumph, Amb. iv. t. 45.
Aquilicia Sambucina, Linn. Mant. 211. Gert. carp. 2.
127. ¢. 108, :
- A native of the Moluccas, from thenee introduced intortlee:
Botanic garden at Calcutta, in 1798, where it blossoms dur-
ing the rains, and — its seed in November, December, and
January.
_ Stems erect; almost straight, ramous, height of the lala
plant from eight to twelve feet. Bark slightly furrowed
lengthways, im other respects smooth. In this species roots
generally descend to the — from the lower joints of the
VOL, I. Pp
658 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Leea,
*
stems, Leaves from simple to decompound. Leaflets, the
single leaves, which are rarely present, from ovate to nearly
round ; those of the compound leaves from ovate-oblong to —
linear-oblong, serrate, smooth on both sides, Corymbs ter-
minal, trichotomous. Flowers small, yellow; structure as
in the former species. Berries round, pulpy, smooth, glau-
cous, black, size of a marrow-fat pea, six-seeded ; when dry
torose,
6. L. Staphylea, R. :
Shrabby. © Leaves compound and super-decompound ;
leaflets \inear-oblong, finely taper- os — smooth
on both sides, ‘Cyyuiin thin.
Aquilicia Otillis = Otillis ze — ) Gert, corp i. 27.
t. 57.
~Staphylea? indica. Bevel Ind. 7. t. 24. afi me
» Beng. Kookoor-jihwa. ies
Teling, Ancados. “onrkerts TPR
Stems several, erect, stout, ligneous. Branches few; the
young ones flexuose, smooth ; round, articulated. Leaves al-
ternate, compound, and decompound, commonly about eigh-
teen inches long ; pinne opposite, generally two pair, the low-
er pair is sometimes compound; all terminate with an odd one.
Leafets opposite, petiolated, linear-oblong, pointed, serrate,
smooth on both sides ; frem four to seven inches long,and from
two to three broad, Petioles and petiolets round, smooth, Sti-
pules large, adjoined to the Jower part of the petiole, colour- :
ed, leathery, falling. Cymes terminal, large, with frequeut-
ly a smaller one accompanying the chief one. Flowers
small, greenish white, very numerous. Calyx cup-shaped,
five-toothed, permanent. Corod one petalled. Tube a lit-
tle longer than the calyx. Border five-parted ; divisions ob-
_ long, concave, with an incuryed point. Nectary a yellow,
fleshy, five-cleft ring, inserted into the mouth of the tube of
—e ae a contracted rim mateo into
*
Vitis, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 659
inserted into the outside of the nectary, just below; or rather
in the lower sloping edge of its fissures. Anthers oblong, in-
verted within the nectary, their sides adhering to each other
as in the plants of Syngenesia. Germ superior, globular,
Style the length of the tube of the corol. Stigma simple.
Berry dry, size of a small cherry, flattened, five or six- gToov-
ed, five or six-celled. Seeds one in each cell,
7. L. integrifola, R
Sub-arboreous, Ledves super-decompound ; /eaflets lan-
ceolar, entire, acuminate. Corymbs super-decompound.
Teling. Booradipakai. :
A native of the moist vallies among the Circar mountains,
It is a large shrub, and flowers during the wet seasons
‘Leaves alternate, super-decompound, about thirty inches
long. Pinne as in the last species; the lower pair always
bipinnate, Leaflets opposite, sub-sessile, linear-lanceolate,
and lanceolar, sometimes very slightly serrate; smooth above,
a little downy underneath, from six to eight inches long, and
from two to three broa!, Petioles and petiolets smooth, with
an elevated ridge running zlong the upper side ; beyond the
lower pair of pinne the ridge has a groove in it. Stipulesas
in the former. Corymbs terminal, &c. as in the last species,
but larger. Calya as in the other species, Corol; iube
shorter than the calyx, in other respects as in the last species,
Nectary composed of five erect, emarginate scales, issuing
from the mouth of the tube of the corol. Filaments tive, al-
‘ternate with and longer than the nectarial bodies, Anthers
oblong, pointed, . Pisti/, pericarp, aud seeds, as in the last
species ; it is rather more common for the Sopsule't to sisal
seeded in this species than in the others. | E08
VITIS. Schreb. gen. N. 396.
idealen bresnghels Corol five-petalled. Germ rwocbells
ae cells two-seeded ; attachment inferior. Berry superior,
. Ppa
660 : PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Vitis.
from one to four-seeded. Embryo erect, and furnished with
a perisperm.
1. V. indica, Willd. spec. i. 1180.
Shrubby, scandent. Leaves round-cordate, often more or
less angled, finely serrate, downy underneath. » Tendrils pa-
nicle-bearing. | Germ embraced by a five-lobed leds Ber-
ries round, from one to two-seeded.
Schembra-valli. Rheed, Mal. vii. an t. 6.
_ Beng. Amdhouka,
A native of various parts of iedies Flowering sinc the
month of April. The fruit ripens in July,
_ Root, perennial... Stem and branches long and anhin’
climbing: up and over trees, hedges, &c. to an extent of ma-
ny fathoms ; young shoots villous... Tendrils opposite to the
leaves, floriferous, beyond the flowers bifid, Leaves alter-
nate, petioled, round-cordate, more or less angular, finely
serrate, more or less villous according to their age, particu-
_ larly. underneath, from three to six inches each way. Pe-
tioles vather shorter than the leaves. Panicles issuing soli-
tarily from. the middle of the tendrils, peduncled, ovate, .
dense... Flowers numerous, very minute, greenish purple.
Calyx small, fiye-toothed, Petals five, ovate-oblong, at
first spreading, afterwards reflex, and not cohering at top as
in some of the species. Neciary a five-toothed, saucer-shap-
stihodys. surrounding the base of the germ. Filaments five,
arly as long.as the petals. Germ superior, nearly round,
two-celled, with two ovula in each, attachéd to the ho
sha cell... Style none. este fivelobed. “
re iw
2. y. ietiate R. : | sie
_ Shrubby,. climbing. Soin tales serrate, pnndliyas un-
derneath, Racemes: gone’ leaf- Bet ioe pttepale coher-
Vitis. ‘ PENTANDREA MONOGYNTA. 661
| Trunk woody, climbing over trees, &c.; young shoots
very long, covered with a little rusty wool. Tendrils op-
posite, simple, or split. Leaves alternate, petioled, cordate,
serrate ; above a little woolly, below much so; four inches
long, by three broad. Petioles round, woolly, two inches
long. Peduncles opposite, composed of compound racemes,
alittle woolly, Flowers very numerous, small, green, fasci-
cled. Petals cohering at the top; when they drop they.seem
to be a monopetalous corol, and what was the top must then
be considered as the bottom, Berries round, purple, suecu-
lent, size of a pea, one or two-seeded.
3. V. latifolia. Bi th
. Herbaceous, climbing. Leaves cordate-lobate, | semasionis
serrate, smooth, . Tendrils panicle-bearing, a
Germs embraced by a nectarial cup, buat) ginetine
Vallia-Pira-Pitica, Rheed. Mots vil, 13, ‘. z cots eves
., Beng. Govila, a ;
_A native of Bengal. pre of pe warmer maritime. nnd
India, blossoming about the beginning’ of the rainy season 5
and ripening its fruit in July. |
. Root tuberous, Stem and branches herbaceous, clined
ing, round, and smooth, very long, and slender, running over
trees, &c, to a great extent. Tendrils leaf-opposed, gener-
ally two-parted, panicle-bearing. Leaves petioled, alter-
nate, always opposite to a tendril, nearly of a round, cordate-
lobate shape, with three, fivé, or seven rather acute lobes;
Margins serrate-dentate, pretty smooth on both sides, length
and breadth from three to nine inches. _Paniedes issuing so-
litarily from the middle of the tendrils *before they divide ;
peduncles ovate, dense, Flowers very numerous, small, of a
deep. reddish brown, Bractes linear. Calyx small, ob-
- seurély five-toothed. Petals oblong, at first expanding, then
-reflexed. Germ superior, nearly round, two-celled, with two
_ ovula in each, attached to the bottom of the cell. Style,
none. “Stigina a pitin the lobate apex of the germ.
Pp3
662 PENTANPRIA MONOGYNIA, Musa.
the size, shape, and appearance of a black currant, rarely
more than two-seeded, Perisperm conform to the seed.
Embryo erect, in the lower half of the perisperm. Cotyle-
dons nearly round. Radicle inferior,
4. V. parvifolia, R.
Leaves angle-cordate, three-lobed, crenate-serrate, smooth,
Stipules oval. Thyrses leat-opposed, few-flowered.
A slender, perennial vine, of exactly the habit of the com-
mon grape vine; a native of the eastern part of —
Flowers in February.
Stems and old branches ligneous, considerably flattened,
ten or twelve feet high. Bark dark brown, with the exterior
Jamina thin, and frequently peeling off; soung shoots some-
what angular, and pretty smooth, Leaves simple, cordate,
sometimes three lobed, crenate-serrate, apex somewhat at-
tenuate, smooth on both sides, about two inches long. Ten-
drils bifid. Stipules oval, caducous. Thyrses opposite to
the leaves, diverging, very small, and only a little longer
than the petioles. Flowers very minute, green. Calya ob-
scurely five-lobed, Petioles five, cohering, and falling off i in
one body, Nectary five-rounded scales, exiles the base
of the germ, alternate! with the filaments. Filaments five,
length of the germ, at first erect, but by age becoming re-
curved. Anthers ovate. Germ round, four-celled, with
one ovulum in each, attached to the base of the axis,” ‘Style
scarcely — Sess sranehed cece = eee
MUSA. Schreb. gen. N. 1563.
giallisiaten Calyx, Spaties partial, one or many flower-
ed. Corol of two unequal petals. Flowers all hermaphrodite. |
Male-hermaphrodite toward the apex of the spadix. Germ-
rior, abortive. Female-bermaphrodite toward the base
of thé spadix, Germ inferior, three celled ; cells many-seed-»
ed; attachment central. ‘erry oblong, thc clled,many- |
Musa. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNITA, 663
*
seeded, Embryo central, and — furnished with a =
perm. t
1. M. sapientum, Willd. spec, iv. p. 894.
Spadix drooping, spathes ovate, deciduous ; those of the
female-herimaphrodite tlowers of the wild plant often wither
and remain till the seeds are ripe, but in the ee varie-
ties they are always deciduous, -
Bata. Rheed, Mal. i, 17, t. 12,13, and 14,
Musa, Ramph, Amb, v. 130. t. 60.
Ram Kulla, Walli kulla,Ram Jakialia-kulla,are the names -
the wild banana and plantain are known by at Chittagong
where’ they’are found indigenous in the forests, and blossti
during the rains, cod
Beng. Kula, $ 1h
Telinga. Aretti; and Komaretti the culevaned pion:
The varieties of the banana, cultiviited over India, are
very numerous, but fewer of the plantain, as I have hither-
to obtained knowledge of only three ; whereas, I may safely
say, not Jess than ten times that number of the former have
come under my inspection. :
Their duration, culture, habit, and natural character are
already well known; I shall therefore confine myself to —
(what I think,) the original wild Musa, from which I eon-
clude uP ithe cultivated varieties of both plantain and bana -
na , and which I consider as varieties of that one —
species,
In the course of two years, from the seed received frosi
Chittagong, these attained to the usual height of the cultivat-
- ‘ed sorts which is about ten or twelve feet. They blossoin at
all seasons, though generally during the rains ; and ripen their
seed in five or six months afterwards ; the plant then perishes
down to the root, which long befor: this time bas produced
other shoots; these continue to grow up, blossom, &c. in
succession for several years.
Their leaves are exactly as in the cultivated sorts, — ipl
Pp4
664 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Musa.
diz simple, drooping. Spathes partial, numerous, ovate, con-
cave, smooth, crimson on the inside, outside darker-coloured,
six or eight of these nearest the base of the spadix embracea
double row of female-hermaphrodite flowers, and are not al-
ways deciduous, but sometimes wither, and remain till the
seeds are ripe. All the rest, and they are very numerous, ex-
panding im succession for two or three months, embrace simi-
lar double rows of abortive, or male-hermaphrodite flowers;
which, with their spathes, are always deciduous, Calyx no
other than the just mentioned spathes. Corol of two, dissi-
milar petals; the exterior one with an unequally five-toothed
apex, which soon becomes revolute, the inner one sometimes
called the nectary, half the length of the exterior one ; when
forcibly expanded they are nearly round, but in their natu-
ral state oblong, and deeply concave, with an emarginate
apex, and incurved, ensiform point. Filaments in both flow-
ers five, with sometimes the rudiment of a sixth, ,Anthers
in the male-hermaphrodite linear, and.as long as. the fila-
ments; in the female-hermaphrodite minute, and without
pollen. Germ. inferior, oblong, three-celled, with from four
to five or six rows of oyula in each cell, regularly attached
to a central; fleshy receptacle axis; by their growth they are .
forced from the regular situation in which they are found in
the germ, their insertions cannot then be easily traced ; inthe
male-hermaphrodite: they are abortive, Style cylindric,
Stigma three-lobed, large and clammy; . Berry oblong, ta-
pering to each end; of a soft fleshy consistence, smooth and
yellow, marked. Iongieudinelly. with five ribs, three-celled ;
the partitions distinct, but soft and pulpy, and:no doubt dis-
appear when dry, and long kept.. Seeds numerous, the size
of a small pea, round, turbinate, tubercled ; the exterior half
dark-chesnut. or /blackish toward the umbilicus, which is.a
large circular cayity ;. light brown, _Integument, &c, as de-
Musa. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 665
2. M. coccinea, Andr. Repos, i. 47,
Spadia and spathes straight, the latter one or inn
ed, and permanent. | .
Chin, On-ang-chok-chee.
This has been brought from China, where it is said to oa
indigenous. It thrives well in the Company’s Botanic gar-
den at Calcutta, where I Jong took it for the banana. in a
dwart state ; a state the Chinese have the art of reducing
most plants to; but now, after repeated examination for ma-
ny years, I find it is undoubtedly a permanently distinct
Species. It resembles the banana and plantain in habit, and
in its perennial root.
‘Stem erect, generally three or four feet high, and about as
thick as a man’s arm. Like the other species they perish
soon after fructification, and like them, are succeeded by
shoots from the root, Leaves linear, &e. as in M, Sapien-
tum. Spadix erect. Spathes linear-oblong, boat-shaped,
erect, obtuse, both sides smooth, and of a bright scarlet co-
lour ; all are permanent, and embrace one, or at most) two
flowers. Flowers, the inferior ones are female-hermaphro-
dite and fertile. The superior ones male-hermaphrodite and
abortive. With Geertner I consider the corol as two-petal-
led in this genus, (and not as a nectary ;) and in this species
it is particularly so.. In M. Sapientum the two ovate scales
over the inside of the fissures of the exterior petal may be
called nectarial. Petals two, as long as the stamens, some-
what ringent; the exterior one involving the interior like a
spathe, its apex three-parted; the lateral, divisions thereof
ending in a slender hornlet; the middle one is broader and
three-parted ; soon after expansion they become. reflected,
then revolute. Interior petal nearly as long: as the exterior,
_ apex sometimes entire, sometimes three-parted. 4’tlamenis
uniformly five, surrounding three-fourths of the style. An-
_ thers in the male-hermaphrodite flowers linear, about as long
as the filaments, with a deep polliniferous groove on each
margin ; those of the fertile, or female-hermaphrodite flowers
666 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Musa,
are small, and totally destitate of pollen. Germ inferior, ob-
long, three-celled, &e. Style as long as the stamens, Stigma
oval, obscurely three lobed. Pericarp of the male-herma-
phrodite flowers abortive, of the female-hermaphrodite ones
fertile, oblong, and a little compressed, pulpy, about two
inches long, and less than one broad, when ripe yellow, divid-
ed in ternally into three cells, with a double row of seeds
_in each, these seeds however rarely come to maturity here.
The plant is highly ornamental, which so far as I know, is
all that can be said in its favour,
3. M. ornata. R.
Spadix erett; spathes deciduous, three-flowered, lanceo-
late. Both petals of the corols equal in length.
Beng. Ramanigee kula,
A native of Chittagong, where this and some other sorts
are commonly called monkeys’ plantains. Except in size
and manner of flowering, the species does not in any res-
pect differ from the common cultivated sorts already well
known. In the Botanic garden at Calcutta, they blossom
and ripen their seeds the while year. pare 91
~ Root perennial, pushing forth a succession of stems < every
way like those of the cultivated sorts, only about as thick as
a man’s arm, and in general, in a rich soil from three to
five feet high. Leaves petioled, &c. as the common plan-
tain. Spadix erect. Spathes partial, ‘alternate, boat-shaped,
bi road Janceolate, obtuse, smooth, striated, colour a most love-
ly light purple or lilac, two or three-flowered, deciduous,
Tength from four to six inches. Flowers, the inferior five or
six spathes are occupied by female-hermaphrodite ones; all
the rest, and they are very numerous, by male: hermaphro-
dite ones, all are orange-coloured. Coral two-petalled, the
exterior one irregularly five-toothed, the lateral segments
with calearate apices. The inner petal:is as long as the,ex-
exterior one, thin, and membranaceous, Filaments five, in
some lowers there is the minuteradiment of asixth Anthers
Musa, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 667
_in the male hermaphrodite flowers linear, as long as the fi-
laments, in the female ones most minute and abortive, Germ
inferior, in the female-hermaphrodite flowers large, and line.
ar-oblong, with three most distinct cells, &e. in the male
one minute, Style in the former twice as long as the fila-
ments, with a large clammy stigma ; in the latter shorter
than the stamens, very slender, and with scarcely any stigma
at all, Berry linear-oblong, slightly incurved, obscurely
four or five-sided, with the angles mach rounded, smooth,
fleshy, when ripe dull yellowish green, about the size ofa
man’s little finger, three-celled, Seeds many in a single
tow in each cell, compressed, tending to be quadrancular,
tubercled, very black, inserted into the soft fleshy ee
Perisperm and embryo as in the former species.
A very pretty ornamental plant, and would no doubt so
— admired in Europe, “
4, M. superba. R.
‘Reot fibrous and perishing with the short conical stem.
Leaves petioled, but not sheathing. Spadix nodding. Spa-
thes cordate, many flowered, those of the female-hermaphro-
dite flower permanent. ‘
A native of the vallies of the southern parts of the peninsu-
la of India, From Dindigal Dv. Anderson of Madras receiv-
ed it into his garden, and from thence introduced into the Bo-
tanic garden at Calcutta, where the plants thrive, blossom,
and ripen their seeds at various times of the year.
~~ Trunk almost conical, being only three feet to the leaves,
seven anda half in circumference close to the ground, and four
and a half immediately under the leaves ; and invested with the
numerous, somewhat stem clasping bases of those that have |
decay ed; height of the whole plant to the highest part of the
curvature of the spadix, thirteen feet. Leaves numerous,
equally surrounding every part of the stem, petioled, lanceo-
late, very entiré, until broken by wind, &e. filiforin, pointed, ;
sinooth on both sides, with numerous parallel, div in
668 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Musa,
veins ; from five to ten feet long, and from two to three broad,
Petioles about two feet long; those of the lower leaves have
their bases broad and embrace the stem ; while those near the
inflorescence have long, stem-clasping sheaths, like those of
the plantain and banana; semi-cylindric on the under side,
and deeply channelled on the upper one. Spadia terminal,
simple, drooping, before any of the spathes expand, cordate,
Spathes numerous, expanding in succession, broad-cordate,
slightly ribbed, smooth, ferruginous, many-flowered, perma-
nent, and not becoming revolute. /owers numerous, from
twenty to thirty in a double series to each spathe ; the female-
hermaphrodite ones occupy the bases, or lower spathes; and
the male-hermaphrodite oes the superior. Perianth none,
Corol ; petals two, very unequal, Exterior petal involving
the inner one like a spathe, leathery, three-parted ; the linear
~ divisions often adhering by their margins; soon after expan-
sion they become twisted into one body. Inner petal five or
‘six times shorter than the exterior one, pale-coloured, almost
pellucid, and composed of two sub-rotund lobes with an en-
siform process between them ; from the inside of the insertion
of this petal a very large quantity of transparent jelly is dis-
charged. Nectary two filiform scales inserted over the two
fissures of the exterior petal. Thus far the male and female-
hermaphrodite flowers agree. Filaments five, with the rudi- |
ment of a sixth on the under side, Anthers in the male-her-.
naphrodite flower longer and thicker than the filaments. In.
1¢ female-] phrodite they are wanting, or only small,
black, withered points. Germ beneath. In the female-her-
maphrodite flower large, three-celled, and fertile ; inthe male
one small, and barren. Style linear, thick, and fleshy, In the
female-hermaphrodite flower twice as long as its barren sta-
mens, In the male-hermaphrodite one only half the length of
Os: fertile stamens. Stigma in both somewhat three-grooved,,
Musa. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 669
numerous, angular, and black. Perisperm a and —- as in
the former apoete- : ;
5. M. ‘alata R,
Root fibrous, and perishing with the columnar stem.
Spadix drooping; spathes ovate-lanceolate, imbricated, from
ten to twenty-flowered, permanent ; those of the inion
phrodite flowers withering.
A very stately, elegant, perfectly distinct, strongly waren
species, a native of Pegu, and from thence introduced, by the
discoverer, Mr. F. Carey, into the Botanic garden at Calcutta,
where it blossoms in May, and the seeds ripen in October and
November. Like my M. superba it never produces suckers,
_ consequently it must be reared from the seed, which it fur-
nishes in great abundance; the fruit containing’ little else, —
even fit for a monkey to eat. The whole plant has a pale glau-
cous appearance, which, with its columnar stem and total
want of suckers, readily distinguish this from all the other
Muse known tome.
Root fibrous, about triennial, for like that of my seria
it perishes with the plant, when it has perfected its seed, and
not like the cultivated sorts, tuberous, permanent, and furnish-
ing a succession of suckers, by which they are quickly and_
abundantly propagated, Stem simple, erect, columnar, from
ten to twelve feet high and about two feet in cireumference.
Leaves numerous round the apex of the stem, &c. as in M.
Sapientum. ‘Spadix in this species rather long-peduncled,
perfectly pendulous, base occupied with fertile female-herma-
pliredite flowers, which are completely hid‘under the perma-
nent, ovate-lanceolate spathes; the barren or male-hermaphro- .
dite flowers occupy all the rest to the very apex, and continue
to blossom in succession until the seeds are ripe, by which
time this part greatly exceeds in length the fertile part, and
continues covered with the withered, but permanent spathes,
Corol, jatainine, nwehipispilln, as in M. Sapientum, &e. Ber-
ies trivonally clavate, as’ thick as a cucumber, and about
670 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA,. Heliconia.
four or five inches long, smooth, striated lengthways with
small veins, colour when ripe a mixture of green, yellow and
pink, three-celled. Seeds, rather nuts, a few in each cell,
oval, size of a field bean. Integument a perfect, hard, black,
substantial nut, divided into three transverse cells, the upper-
most and lowermost filled withspongy matter, the middle one
is occupied by the friable.white perisperm, in the middle of
the base thereof is lodged the small, simple, short, sub-obco-
nic embryo, the whole nearly as in Gertner’s Sapientum,
Carp, i, 28. t. 11. f. 1.
HELICONIA. Schreb. gen. N. 403.
Spathes alternate. Calyx none. Corol six-petalled. .Nee-
tary one-leaved. Germ inferior, three-celled ; ced/s with one
or more seeds; attachment iaferior, Pericarp three-celled,
three-valved, al sitesi or several.
J. H. buccinata, R. ia
. Stemless. Leaves lanceolar, glossy. Spadix central,
flexuose, pubescent ; spathes from six to eight, bifarious, di-
verging, each embracing from six to ten pedicelled flowers.
Nectary oblong ; cells of the germ one-seedéd, |
Folium buccinatum. Rumph. Amb. vy. 141. t. 62.f. 2.
From Amboyna plants were brought to the Botanic gar-
an at Calcutta, in 1798, where in seven years they began to
blossom during the hot season, viz. April and May ; but have
not yet ripened. their seed in Bengal.
_. Root consisting of numerous, sirong, fleshy Sine. like: ya
common batman. and still more permanent than in any spe-
cies of Musa known to me, Stem no other than the united
sheathing part of the petioles, except when in flower the seape
then rises through their centre. Leaves in numerous ae
_ from the same root, forming an immense, beautiful bush ; b
farious, petioled, lanceolate, entire, polished, acute, with di
verging veins, from, two alge feet. Jong, and one foot
Achyranthes, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA: 671
broad. Rib protuberant, and pale, Pedtioles from three’to
six feet long, the lower half sheathing, those within smooth
in every part. Scape rising through the centre of thé sheath-
ing of the petioles, and elevated but litte above them.
_ Spadix about a foot long, flexuose, hairy, compound, of from
six to ten, alternate, bifarious branches. Spathes from six
to ten, alternate, bifarious, diverging, smooth, lanceolate,
boat-shaped, each embracing a small raceme, of from six to
twelve, pedicelled, pretty large, pale yellow flowers, which
expand in succession, Bractes numerous, bifarious, imbri-
cated, linear-lanceolate, acute, villous, each of the most in-
ferior ones embraces a single flower; the superior ones are
smaller and abortive. Ca/ya none, except what I take for
_ the corol’ be so called. Petals from six to three. interior,
and three exterior, unequal in breadth, but, of the same
length, linear-lanceolate, all united at the base. Nectary or
sterile-stamen, a single, oblong, acute leaflet, inserted on the
base of the largest of the three exterior petals, and into this,
petal no stamen is inserted, %i/ements five, inserted on the
base of the. petals on the inside. Anthers linear, erect, with
their apices nearly as high as the stigma. Germ pedicelled,
inferior, three-sided, three-celled, with one ovulum in each,
attached to the bottom of its cell. Style nearly as long as
the petals. Stigma simple,
ACHYRANTHES. Schreb. gen. N. 404.
Calyx five-leaved, and calycl.d. Corol none.) Neetary
and stigma various. Germ superior, one-celled, one-seeded ;
attachment inferior. Capsule utricular, one-seeded. ek
3 ne annular, with central perisperm.
je A, incana. R
_ Annual, erect, hoary. Leaves lanceolar. Spikes pasion:
terminal. Nectary ten-toothed.
Illecebrum javanicum, Willd. spec. i, 1205.
672 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Achyranthes,
Iresine javanica, Burm. Ind. 212. (by mistake 312.) tab.
65. f. 2.
Found wild in various parts of India, i in flower, and with |
ripe seed most part of the year. :
Stems nearly erect. Branches few, and nearly erect, all
the most tender parts very hoary, indeed white ; general
height from three to five feet. Leaves alternate, sub-sessile,
narrow-lanceolate, entire, hoary, Panicles terminal, com-
posed of alternate, sessile, incurved, cylindric spikes, com-—
pletely crowded with numerous, small, white flowers. Ca-
lycle two or three, broader, smooth, hyaline scales. Calyx
five-leaved ; leaflets lanceolate, hyaline, very woolly toward
the base on the outside; three of the five rather narrower.
and with a little green in the centre. Nectary a short, ten-
toothed cup round the germ. Filaments no other than the.
teeth of the nectary. Anthers could not be detected, yet
the seeds are fertile. Germ superior, obcordate, one-celled,
one-seeded. Style short. Stigma two-cleft; segments hairy, -
and recurved in opposite direction, Utricudus an entire, one-
celled membrane. | Seeds solitary.
'. Obs, From the above description it appears evident that
this plant is clearly an Achyranthes ; having the entire mem-
branaceous utricular capsules of that genus, containing a sin-
gle, lenticular, reniform, highly polished seed, with central
| i a and peripherical embryo. 3
“ - aspera, Willd. spec. i. i. 1191.
Biennial, sub-erect, ramous, Leaves’ opposite, obovate,
downy. Spikes most long, with flowers cetretiaciem
Beng. Chichiria, Apang. :
Cadelari, Rheed. Mal, x. 155. t. 78. vn (elbead
___ Amaranthus spicatus zeylanicus, foliis — Burm. te
16. 4. 50. ach
_ A troublesome weed i in every part of India, chiefly iielbi
“the rainy aud i et ns ers ge the year.
3 PSTE WH ute aie AiG adage?”
+
Achyranthes, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. : 62
_ 8. A. aquatica, R.
Herbaceous, straggling toa great extent about the edges of
sweet water. Leaves opposite, lanceolate. Spikes terminal.
Flowers retrofracted, Bractes and scales of the calyx spin
ous,
Celosia spinescens, Koen, Mss.
A native of Coromandel, where it blossoms during the
rainy season, pie
4, A, Monsonia. R.
Tetrandrous, cespitose, very ramous. Leaves subulate,
tufted ; spikes terminal, sub-cylindric.
Illecebrum Monsonie. Linn, Suppl. 161.
Celosia Monsoniea. Retz. Obs. 2. p.'13. Willd, spec. i,
1200 ; and Ait, kew. i. 288.
Amaranthoides spicatum Spergulee foliis. Pluck. Almag.
Mantiss, 11. t. 334. f. 4. Admath, 13. t. 357. f. 4.
A native of Bengal and Coromandel, where it blossoms
during the cool season.
Stem none, but numerous branches, with opposite, diverg:
ing, round, somewhat woolly branchlets, spreading close on
the ground and extending to from one to three feet in length,
Leaves subulate, opposite, sessile, with tufts of smaller ones
in their axills. Spikes terminal, ovate-oblong, compact,
being closely covered with numerous, minute, rose-coloured
flowers. Calyx and calycle seven-leaved, Nectary four-
leaved, alternate with the stamens. Stamens four. Utricules
with a single seed.
5. A, lappacea, Willd, spec.i. 1192, -
Biennial, straggling. Leaves opposite, petioled, ventri.
cose-oblong, smooth, Spikes terminal ; flowers remote, ge-
nerally in pairs, with three fascicles of coloured, hooked
bristles to the pair.
- Willia-codiveli. Rheed. Mal, x. 117, t. 59.
674 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Achyranthes.
__ Blitum scandens, fructu la PPE Burm: Zeyl. 47. t. 18,
J. 1. (good.) :
' Beng. Kuya-duya, Duya-kuya. 7
Is found in most parts of India, generally growing antong,
bushes, Flowering time the rainy season,
6. A, alternifolia, Herb. Banks, ~
Annual, diffuse. Leaves alternate, ovate-oblong. Spikes
axillary, longer than their leaves, two variously horned bo-
dies between the corol and calyx. Nectary none. -
* Beng, Luta-mohooriya, Gungatiya,
Teling. Chancheli kura.
Annual, common on most cultivated lands, in the Botanic
garden at Calcutta ; it is a most troublesome w eed,
Stem when the plant is young, tolerably erect, but ever af-
terwards prostrate, with longer, prostrate, striated, succulent
branches, Leaves alternate, petioled, oblong, or ovate, point-
ed, sometimes a little waved, margins cowined's below a lit-
tle hairy, about two inches long. Petioles chanielled Spikes
axillary, twice as Jong as the leaves or more. Flowers soli-
tary, alternate, small, red. Practes three-fold, concave, one-
flowered ; ; immediately within each of the two lateral bractes
isa compreactt ramous, green body. Calya five-leaved ; the
inner segments three-coloured. Nectary no other than the en-
larged bases of the filaments, Seed single, in its rugose utri-
cals, —
~The leaves and tender tops are used by RIE in their
curries, It ought to be carefully compared with A. muricata.
7. A. prostrata, Willd, spec, i, 1194.
Annual, diffuse, Leaves opposite. Spikes filiform. Flowers
reflexed, with fascicles of bristles adjoining. ectary with
five bidentate horns, alternating with the filaments.
Scheru-cadelari, Rheed. Mal. x. 157, 79.
Auris canina femina. Rumph. Amb. vi. 26. t. i. ;
dutroduced i into, be, Botanic cals at Calcuttns a amon
z * ¥
eres. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 675
spice plants from the Moluccas, Dae during the cold
season,
Root ramous, annual, Stem scarcely any, but several pairs
of opposite, diffuse, round, smooth, coloured branches. Leaves
opposite, sessile, oblong, entire, coloured. Spikes terminal,
_ solitary, filiform, sub-erect. Flowers scattered, reflected, ge-
nerally two together. “Bractes (or calyx) three to the two
flowers, with the same number of fascicles of hooked red
bristles asin A. lappacea, Nectary with five, two-toothed
hornlets, alternate with the filaments, and with them united
into a membranous ring round the base of the germ. Germ
am petiole’: . Style single,
8: A, sericea, Koen, Mss.
Stem erect, downy. Leaves opposite, hiséall andbaltto,
covered with much silky down. Peduneles axillary, longer —
than the leaves, bifid or trifid, many-flowered.
- A large, straggling annual, growing in sheltered shady
places in a dry baindy neil
Root single. Stem erect, with many long spreading branches
resting on the ground, or something shi all are round, and
covered with silky down, Leaves wh rials, petioled, broad- -
cordate, acute, covered with very soft silky down, about an
inch and a half long. Peduncles axillary, opposite, round,
downy, as long as the leaves, each ending in two, three, or
more, spreading, winding filiform spikes. The rest as in the
e553.
re eS
genus.
9, A. ferruginea. Re 2)
Annual, flaccid. Leaves opposite, Sbovala.: NSpathes we wib.
conical, pediincled and sessile. Nectary five-toothed ; each
tooth ending in a ee antheriferous filament, Stigmas en-
tire,
Beng. Rukta-Sirinchee.
Hind, Lal-Sirinchee.
A small annual, wild in gardens, or about the bordets of
‘ Qq2
676 . PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Achyranthes.
cultivated lands near Calcutta, where it appears during the
rainy season.
Stems slender, leaning, about a foot long, absolutely four or
five-sided, smooth, rust-coloured. Branches opposite, and
like the stem, Leaves opposite, short-petioled, oval or obo-
vate, entire, smooth, of a very soft texture, reddish; about an
inch long. Spikes peduncled, or sessile, small, conical. Pe-
dunceles four-sided, length various. Braces in general two,
. opposite, leaf-like, but much smaller, Flowers crowded,
small, dull red. Calycle three-leaved, the two lateral ones
falling off with the five-leaved calyx and seed ; the third or
undermost one remains. There may be an impropriety in
calling these the calycles. Nectary cup-shaped, five-toothed,
teeth lengthened into five filaments, Stigma simple. ‘Seed
solitary, in a membranaceous utriculus,
10. A, scandens, R.
Perennial, climbing, downy. Leaves alternate, oblong-ven-
tricose, Spikes axillary, solitary, sessile. Calyx hairy. Nee-
tary ten-parted, Stigmatwo-lobed. +
Beng. Nooriya.
A native of hedges, &c. near Calcutta ; in flower about the
close of the rains,
Stems and branches dining below woody, perennial ;
young parts more or less hairy. Leaves alternate, short-pe-
tioled, oblong, a little ventricose, hairy, and of a soft texture;
size very various. Spikes sessile, axillary, and terminal ;
those from the axills small, and solitary ; while the terminal
ones are large, and generally three or more of them together.
Calyx and calyele silver-coloured, and woolly, _Nectary
ten-toothed ; teeth equal, alternately antheriferous. Style
single. Stigma two-lobed. Capsules circumcised, contain-
ig a single, black, smooth reniform seed.
ee hes hn
Annual seteet,ramous, woolly, isis dct
a
Achyranthes. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 677
Spikes crowded, Nectary ten-parted, alternately antherifer-
ous. Stigmas two-cleft,
Illecebrum lanatum, Willd, spec. i. 1204.
Scheru-bula. Rheed, Mal. x. 57. t. 29. (good.)
Chenopodium incanum, racemosum, folio majore minori
opposito. Burm. Zeyl. 60. f. i. (good.)
Beng, Chaya.
Is common every where, both on the Coast of Coromandel
and Bengal.
A stout, hardy, annual plant, from one to two feet high,
flowering all the year round, Stems erect, with many ascend-
ing, woolly branches. Leaves alternate, petioled, roundish,
with somewhat of a point, and tapering at the base, entire,
woolly both sides ; size very various. Calyx woolly, Nectary
ten-toothed, asin A. scandens, Spikes axillary, oval, woolly.
Stigma two-lobed, Capsules with a single, smooth, shining
black, reniform seed.
Obs. The late edition of the Spee. Plant. by Reichard,
makes this plant an J lecebrum ; for what reason 1 know not.
12. A, diandra, R.
Annual, diffuse, Leaves opposite, linear-lanceolar. Spikes
terminal; flowers reflected, and pressed close to the rachis,
Stamina two, alternate with the two multifid lobes of the nec- :
tary. . :
A native of Ceylon.
Root fibrous, annual, or at most biennial. Stems slender,
straggling, striated, clothed with a few hairs pointing forward,
Leaves opposite, short-petioled, linear-lanceolate, entire, near-
ly smooth, Spikes terminal, solitary, simple, long, and slen-
der. Flowers solitary, small, after blossoming reflected back
close to the rachis. Bractes (calyx ?) three-leaved. Calyx
of five, rigid, smooth tapering, acute leaflets, Nectary two-
lobed ; lobes finely and desis multifid, Filaments two, one
in sank fissure of the nectary, half as long as the corol, An-
thers incumbent. _Usriculus turbinate. Seed prgent
at gees Qa3
678 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Celosia.
13. A. triandra, R. -
Annual, creeping. Leaves opposite, sessile, lanceolate,
smooth. Flowers triandrous. Capsules winged.
Illecebrum sessile. Willd. spec. i. 1209.
Coluppa. Rheed. Mal, x. 21. t. 11.
Amaranthus humilis foliis oppositis, flosculis‘} in alis con-
glomeratis, Burm. Zeyl. 17, t. 4. f. 2. (good.)
Telinga, Ponagunta-kura,
Sans, Shalanchi.
Beng. Shanchi, also shalooncha,
A native of Bengal where it is a common weed during the
rainy season,
14, A. nodiflora. R. |
Annual, diffuse. Leaves obovate, cuneate. Spikes glo-
bular. Nectary with only five, antheriferous ee. Stig-
ma simple, i
Celosia nodiflora. Willd. spec. i. 1202.
Amaranthoides indicum, nodiflorum, capitulis exatee virl-
descentibus, Burm. Zeyl. 16. t. 5. f. 2.
A native of Coromandel, Flowers in the cold season, The
ovarium in this plant contains but a single ovulum, attached
to the bottom of its single cell, consequently its place i is in
this genus to whieh I have transferred it. 2
595. CELOSIA. Schreb. gen. N. 405... * |
ae fivacheared and calycled, Corol none. Mears
stamiferous, surrounding the base of the ovarium. Germ one-
celled; ovula several, attached to the bottom of the cell.
Capsules opening transversely and containing more seeds
= one, _ a ities with a central — aie
papi jap
op C. eiyours Willd. spec. i. 97. pale £9
"Erect, ‘annual. ‘Leas rt anes t oblong, spits
Celosia, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 679
sub-cylindric, scariose. Nectary with five, short toothlets,
alternate with the long antheriferous divisions, ~
Beng. Shwet-moorga,
Hind, Debkotee,
SE R= x eee Rheed, Mal. x. 77. t. 39.
Belutta-adeka-manjen. [bid. 75, t. 38, 1 take for the same
plant in its wild state; at least the wild plants of argentea
found in the corn fields of India, are more stunted in their
growth, but have their leaves broader, and the spikes shorter,
as in the figure just quoted; and I am inclined to think
Willdenow’s albida, consequently Burman’s pyramidalis,
can, at most, be reckoned only another variety of the same
_ Species, Plants from the same seed have leaves of very vari-
ous breadth, and are as often with, as without the falcate
stipules,
2, ¢. ‘eristata, Willd. spec. i, 1198,
Annual, erect. Leaves oblong-ovate, cabtecled, ound.
striated. Spikes oblong.
Beng. Lal-moorga, the red variety ; Huldcomoonge, the
adie i
_ Amaranthus alana Rumph. Amb. v. 236, t. 84,
a | have never been able to find any other species or satiate
in India, that I could refer to C. coccinea, I cannot consider
the breadth of the leaves, nor falcate stipules, to be any more
characteristic in this than in argentea and its varieties,
In gardens only throughout India, and thrives best during
the rainy and cold seasons. | “
“8... comosa. Willd. spec. i. 1198,
Erect, annual, Leaves lakboclatcl ~ Spikes cylindric
tufted. .
Found i in most parts of india: in cada and likesthe last
pelle best ssoing: the iy and cold seasons.
: se REM ak 4
680 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Celosia.
4. C. cernua. R.
Annual, erect, ramous. Leaves lanceolate, acute. Racemes
terminal, cylindric, with long sterile, ramous, pendulous
tails. Capsules operculed, many-seeded.
A native of the tops of the Rajmwhal hills, where Mr. W.
Roxburgh first found it in great abundance wild amongst
fragments of a rich iron ore, and from thence sent the seeds
to the Botanic garden at Caleutta, where it grows well, and
continues in gaudy blossom, during the whole of the cold
season,
Root annual: Stem erect, with numerous, ascending, ra-
mous branches, slightly striated, colour from green toa deep
liver colour, Leaves alternate, lancevlate, acute, smooth,
entire, from one to six inches long, and broad in proportion.
Stipules, or rather the lower opposite pair of leaves of the
branches and brancliets often present, and then falcate, as in
C, argentea, &c. but I do not think their presence or absence
can, in any of the species found in India, be taken into the
specific character; for in some plants they are tolerably
constant, whereas in others of the same species reared from
the same seed no sign of them can be traced. Racemes ter-
‘minal; the fertile flower-bearing part simple, cylindric, but
curved from the weight of the long, pendulous, lovely crim-
son, sterile panicle into which they divide, and which gives
to this charming species its great beauty. Flowers numer-
ous, short-peduncled, before and during expansion of a
right, vivid purple colour, but as the seed advances to ma-
turity the margins of the scales become pure white, more or
less broad. Bractes tapering, acute, one larger under the
base of the pedicel, and two on its apex, pressing the calyx
laterally, and about half its length. Calyx ; leaflets dagger-
pointed, rather longer than the stamina, Nectary ten-part-
ed, the “five long, subulate, alternate ones are antheriferous,
the other five short and incurved over the germ. Stigma
slightly three-lobed, Capsules ; the lid is a little scabrous
Celosia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNTA, 681
and marked with five elevations, Seeds several, shining
black. | A
This species appears to me to differ from Retz. comosa in
the following points: Ist, Here the stamina and style are
about the same length, and rather shorter than the calyx ;
there twice as long. 2d. Here are many, about eight seeds
in the capsules; there only two.
5. C. corymbosa, Willd. spec, i. 1200.
Perennial, erect. Leaves opposite and fascicled, linear.
Corymbs terminal. Calyx five-leaved. Corol five-petal-
led, no nectary. is. eed one-celled, three-valved; seeds
many.
Paronychia foliis ad Penicitta pie acutis, see
umbellatis, Burm. Zeyl. 184. ¢. 65, f. 2. atti
Telinga, Rajuma.
Is a native of dry sandy lands, — Genrer all the year
round. This would better form a separate genus than a
species of Celosia ; é —s it is one of Jussieu’s or
phyllee.
Root perennial, Stem straight, frequently hetinabes, ated;
jointed, reddish, covered with white down; about a foot
high. Leaves opposite, sessile, linear, spreading, with fasci-
cles of many smaller leaves in their axills. Stipules general-
ly four-fold, ensiform, membranaceous. Umbels terminal,
dichotomous, Calyx five-leaved ; leaflets lanceolate. Nec-
tary, or rather corol, of five, obcordate petals, alternate with
the stamens, Filaments inserted, alternate with the petals.
Style short. Stigma three-lobed. Capsules three-sided,
one-celled, three-valved, opening aso Cag, a Seeds from
six to twelve or more, round,
Cattle are not found of this species. Ba A BBE 5
6. C, polysperma, R. teoitt die Henke oy)
_ Annual, Leaves oblong, smooth, Spikes axillary, Nee-
682 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Deeringia.
tary with. only. five antheriferous divisions, Style three-
cleft. Capsules bacciform, evalvular, many-seeded.
A native of the Moluccas. It is an erect, smooth annual,
with long, delicately thin leaves,
*
DEERINGIA. Brown. prodr. nov. holl. i. 413.
Calyx five-leaved. Corol none. Filaments having their
base united into a little cup. Germ one-celled, many-seed-
ed; attachment inferior. . Berry one-celled, Seeds a few,
attached by their proper cords to the bottom of the cell, _
1. D. celosioides, Brown. loc. cit.
Perennial, scandent, Leaves alternate, cordate. Spikes
terminal, panicled. Styles three. . Berries three-seeded.
Celosia baccata. Koen. in Retz. Obs. 5, 23. «
Blitum fructescens: Rumph. Amb, v. 235, t. 83 ile #-
Beng. Gola Mohunee.
Hind. Lutmun,
Found near. Calcutta, flowering i in the rains.
| Root nearly, spindle-formed, large, perennial, Stems and
branches one, two, or more fathoms long; perennial, climb-
ing, striated, otherwise smooth, Leaves alternate, petioled,
cordate, acute, entire. Spikes panicled, terminal, and from
the exterior axills long, ascending. Flowers numerous, dis~
tinct. Calyelethree-leaved, bractiform. Filaments five,
from the nectary ; anthers two-lobed. Styles three.
In January I found a very large plant of this climbing
over a small tree, of about sixteen or eighteen feet high, with
few. leaves, but innumerable, beautiful, pendulous racemes
loaded with small, smooth, bright red berries, each:contained
when perfect, three small, black, flattened, roundish, kidney-
shaped seeds in one distinct cavity of the berry. —
ae
%
ee
Paederia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 683
_ 2. D. (formerly Celosia. R.) tetragyna, R.
Shrubby, scandent. Leaves ovate-cordate. Flowers axil-
lary. Styles four-cleft, ish
A native of the Moluccas, and from thence accidently in-
troduced into the Botanic garden at Calcutta, amongst spice
and other plants ; flowering time in Bengal, the cold season.
- Stem ligneous, scandent ; young shoots pendulous, striated,
smooth, Leaves altennnte, petioled, ovate-cordate, acumi-
nate, somewhat. undulate, smooth on both sides; about two |
inches long, and one broad. Petioles channelled.» Flowers
axillary, from solitary to the being collected on small short-
peduncled heads; they are small and of a pale-greenish white
colour, Calya (1 would in this species rather say bractes,)
three-leaved. Corol (rather calyx) five-leaved ; leaflets ob- _
tuse, and about as long as the stamens, NVectary with four
or five, lengthened, antheriferous divisions. Germ four-lob-
ed. Styles four, recurved, . Berry with from one to four
lobes, smooth, when ripe red, succulent, size of a pea, con-
taining from one to four reniform seeds, though one is: —_ far —
the most common. — |
PAEDERIA. Schreb. gen. N: 412.
Calyx five-toothed. Corol tubular. . Germ: two-telled,
one-seeded ; attuchment inferior. » Stigma two-cleft. Berry
inferior, two-seeded, Embryo erect, and furnished with a
-perisperm.
é.
1. P. fetida. Willd, spec, i, 1219. . ii a Sa
| Shrubby, twining. Leaves — mae ain —Pasicles
axillary and terminal. Stamina inclosed. Berries com-
Somaraji. Asiatic Res, iv. 261.
Beng. Gundha badhulee.
Hind, Gundali,.
e ee Rumph, inks v. 436, t. 160. “si
684 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Paederia.
Apocynum fetidum. Burm. Ind. p. 71.
Is rather a rare plant, I have only found it in the vicinity
of Calcutta, twining up and over trees, &c. Flowering time
the beginning of the cold season. Its root is used by the
Hindoos as an emetic. $54)
Stem ligneous, twining; young parts round, smooth.
Leaves opposite, long-petioled, oblong-cordate, pretty smooth,
entire. Stipules broad-cordate. Panicles axillary and ter-
minal, brachiate. Flowers numerous, of a deep pink colour.
Bractes ovate, Calyx five-toothed. Corol; tube pretty
long, somewhat gibbous, inside woolly, Border narrow, di-
vided into five cordate, crenulate segments. Filaments short,
inserted irregularly about themiddle of the tube, Anthers
erect, within the tube. Germ inferior, turbinate, two-celled ;
cells containing one ovulum each, attached to the bottom of
the cell. Style single. Stigma two-cleft ; segments various,
bent amongst the anthers. Berry dry, compressed, smooth,
with five lines on each side ; one-celled, two-seeded, . Seeds
compressed, smooth, enlarged with a somewhat membrana-
ceous ring all round, Perisperm conform to the seed, but
scanty. Embryo large, erect. Cotyledons round, cordate.
Radicle short, inferior.
2. P. recurva, R. aetite:
Shrubby. Leaves lanceolar, acuminate. Corymbs termi- —
ual, recurved, =
a ia’ slender shrubby species 5 a native of Chittagong, where
ering in the hot season, ‘The seeds ripen in October and No-
vember.
_ Stem and branches erect ; young shoots round, and smooth.
Leaves opposite, short-petioled, lanceolar, entire, acuminate,
pretty smooth on both sides, about six inches long, and from
two to three broad. Stipules as in the other rubiacea, with
asubulate, pei. point. Corymbs terminal, recurved, brachi-
: us, Br opposit ensiform, _ Calyx five-cleft,
Paederia, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 685
hairy; segments conic, permanent. Corol fannel-shaped.
Tube the length of the botder, widening to the mouth, a lit-
tle hairy on the outside. Border of five, contorted, oblique-
ly oblong segments. Filaments searcely any. Anthers five,
linear, erect, attached below the middle to the mouth of the
tube of the corol, and their lower ends in it, Germ hairy,
two-celled, with one ovu/wm in each, attached to the partition
a little above its middle. Style the length of the tube of the
corol. Stigma simple, linear-clavate, longer than the stami-
na. Berry inferior, size and colour ofa black currant, when
dry striated, crowned with the remaining calyx, two-celled.
Seeds solitary, the outside convex ; on the inside a deep pit
filled with the spongy receptacle. Integument single, thin,
Perisperm conform to the seed, hard, dull white. Ambryo
lodged in the middle of the convexity of the seed. © Cotyle-
dons reniform. Radicle inferior.
3. P. areatil R.
Shrubby, erect. Leaves HAG dokiile, broad-lanceolar, en-
tire, Panicles in the terminal forks of the branchlets, erect.
Stamina protruded.
An erect, shrubby plant; a native of the Silhet district, It
flowers in May and June; and the seeds ripen about the pod
of the rainy and begcliiagr of the cold season.
Stem short, erect. Bark smooth, ash-coloured. Branches
round, smooth, and dichotomous. Leaves opposite, sub-ses-
sile, broad-lanceolar, entire, smooth, ribbed with parallel
veins underneath ; from three to four inches long, by one.and
a half broad. Stipules interfoliaceous, as in other rubiacee.
Panicles solitary in the fork of the branchlets, often longer
than the leaves; thin, being composed of a few small, short,
opposite ramifications. Flowers small, numerous, white, ino-
dorous. Calyx superior, short, slightly five-toothed. Corol
with a short tube which is woolly on the inside; segments of
the border oblong. Filaments short, inserted on the tube of
the corol, Anthers oval, scarcely exsert. am turbinate,
686 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Guettarda.
two-celled, with one ovulum in each, attached to the inner,
and lower angle of its cell, Style the length of the tube of
the corol, Stigma two-lobed. Berry inferior, the size of a
pea, when ripe smooth, shining, highly polished, black, two-
celled ; one of the cells frequently abortive. Seeds solitary,
with a very deep concavity on the inner or flat side. Integu-
ment single, Perisperm conform to the seed, rather hard.
Embryo lodged in the middle of the perisperm. sti Seri
round, reniform. Radiele inferior.
oe GUETTARDA. Sehrabs gen. Nz M437. ae
Calyx sub-entire, Corol infundibuliform, with thie border .
from five to eight-parted. Stamina from five to: eight.
Drupe dry ; nut from five to eight:celled. Seed solitary.
1. G, speciosa, Willd. spec. iv. 398. ;
Arboreous, unarmed, Leaves obovate. Cymes axillary,
dichotomous, Flowers sessile, from seven to. eight-cleft,
Drupes with as many seeds as ow in the border of the
corol. 1O1 Cp MESA
~ Jasminum hirsutum, Wiild. i. p 36.
Cadamba jasminifiora, v. Fleur. de St. — Sonutrdl
4. 2, p. 228. t. FB HF
- Rava pu. Rheed, Mal. iv. 99. t. 47, aka 48,
~~ On the coast of Coromandel, it is only to be found in gar-
dens, where it is raised from the seed, It is in flower all the |
year round, and highly ornamental as well asfragrant, Iam
not aware that it is used for any economical purposes,
Trunk erect, straight, covered with smoothish, dark-colour-
ed bark. Branches numerous, opposite, decussated, 'spread-
ing, horizontal, forming a large beautiful, shady, evergreen’
— » Leaves opposite, petioled, nearly decussate, obovate,
times cordate at the base; entire, smooth, from six to
nine inches long, and from four to six broad. Petioles round, :
coloures eens hee —_—_ ith
.
Carissa. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 687
in the leaves, oblong, spreading. Cymes opposite, axillary,
long-peduncled, twice two-forked. Peduncles round, a little
inflected, from three to four inches long. Bractes many, li-
near, obtuse, caducous. Flowers sessile, from fifteen to twen-
ty on the cyme, large, white, and exquisitely fragrant, par-
taking much of the fragrance of cloves. Calyx cup-shaped,
entire, permanent. Corol ; tube cylindric, an inch and a halt
long. Throat woolly. Border from six to nine-cleft. Fila-
ments none, Anthers.as many as there are divisions in the bor-
der of the corol, linear, within the mouth of the tube. Germ
inferior. ‘Sty/e a little shorter than the tube. Stigma nearly
globose. Pericarp a dry drupe, nearly globose, pretty
smooth, inwardly of a fibrous, woody texture, containing as
many curved cells as there were anthers, or divisions in the
border of the coro]. Seeds one in each od much —
concave part of the curvature outward: en
Obs. 1 have at various times examined many hundreds of
the flowers of this tree, and never found any that were herma-
phrodite. It agrees better in habit and in most other respects,
the seed vessels excepted, with Gardenia than with any net
genus I have met with,
CARISSA. Schreb. gen. ON. 413. P
Calyx five-toothed. Corol funnel-shaped. Germ superior,
two-celled ; cells two to four-seeded; attachment interior,
Berry two-celled, few-seeded. — inverse, and fur-
” nished with a perisperm, aapitia
nC. = Chrandil, ‘Witla. spec. i. 1219, Roxb, Corom. 77.
‘Sub-arboreous. Thorns often two-forked. Leaves ellip-
tic, obtuse, smooth. Corymbs terminal, few-flowered. Germ
eight-seeded.
Avinga, Krishna-pakphula, and Sanscrit aames'See with
atic Res, iv. 263. e aba
_ Telinga, Waaka, sania o
688 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Carissa,
Tam. Kalaaha, It is also thus called by Europeans on the
Coromandel coast,
Beng. Kurumcha,
A common, large shrub ; or irregularly formed small tree,
growing in most wild, woody, dry, uncultivated parts.
Flowering time February, March, and April, Fruit _— in
July and August.
Trunk, when it is of age to have one, irregularly bent in
various directions. Bark gray. Branches and branchlets
very numerous, always two-forked, and standing nearly at
right angles, rigid, smooth, and round. Thorns constantly
in pairs at the divisions of the branches and branchlets, and
at every other pair of leaves, opposite, horizontal, very
strong, smooth, and exceedingly sharp ; they are frequently
forked, Leaves opposite, nearly sessile, oval, obtuse, smooth,
hard, shining ; their insertions remarkably regular, generally
one ‘pair below the fork, crossed with the thorns; and ano-
ther pair between the forks, where there are no spines, » Pe-
duncles terminal, generally in pairs, each less than an inch
long, bearing from three to many, beautiful, milk-white,
Jasmine-like flowers. Bractes, a small one at the insertion
of each pedicel. Calyx, corol and stamens, as in the genus.
Germ ovate, two-celled, with four ovula in each, attached to
the thickened partition. Berry single, (never two, not even
the rudiment of more than one,) size of a small plumb, but
of a more lengthened form, when ripe of a shining black,
two-celled. Seeds four in each cell when all come to matu-—
rity, which is uncommon; oblong, compressed, concave oD ~
the inside, from the centre of the céncavity is the attachment
to the large fleshy particular margins, thin. Integument
single. Perisperm conform to the seed, white. Embry
inverse, “Cotyledons nearly round. Radicle dine su-
=.
Obs, This plant makes exceedingly strong cee The
um Sepia thorns, renders them almost iat ;
Carissa. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, _ 689
The fruit just before ripe is employed to make tarts and
preserves of various kinds, also to pickle, and by most people
reckoned superior for these uses, to every other fruit in the
country, not even the mango excepted, __
They are universally eaten by the natives when ripe, and
are erable pleasant to the taste even ef a European.
2. C, diffusa, R.
Shrubby, diffuse, armed branches dichotomous, Leaves
sub-sessile, roundish-ovate-cordate, mucronate, polished,
Flowers terminal, Germ four-seeded, Berries ovate.
. Sans. Kurumudika,
' Telinga, Waakoyloo,
Oorissa, San Kurunda.
Is a native of the Ganjam district, and from thence cathe
| ward to the mouth of the Hoogly. F hoa time the hot
season. |
. Stem scarcely any can be aecids but numerous, spread-
, dichotomous. branches, forming a low, broad, rigid,
See bush. _ Spines opposite, &c. as in C. Caranda, at the
larger pairs of the leaves only, horizontal, simple, bifid, or
twice-bifid. Leaves opposite, sub-sessile, the alternate pairs
always larger, and. ovate-cordate, roundish, and without.
spines; all are-entire, of a firm, polished, shining , texture,
each ending in a short, subulate, somewhat recurved point.
Corymbs terminal, rarely axillary, many-flowered. Flowers
pure white, Calyx five-toothed, small. Corol funnel-shap-
- ed; the upper half of the tube a little swelled. Border of
of five, obliquely-lanceolate divisions, /%ilaments. five, in-
serted rather below the middle of the tube of the corol ; an-
thers oblong. Germ ovate, two-celled, with two ovula in
each, attached to the middle of the partition. Style half
the length of the tube of the corol. Stigma double, the low-
er half nearly round, the upper half more slender, and taper-
a » Berries oval, pulpy, when ripe smooth, shining. black,
VOL. Ie | Bs
i gitic: 2 Sage eee 2
690 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Carissa,
size of a French bean, two-celled, with two seeds in each,
Seeds, perisperm and embryo as in C. Carandas.
3. C, villosa, R.
Shrubby, tender parts villous. Leaves from broad-lan-
ceolate to oblong-acute. Flowers terminal, subtern, or se-
ven. Germ four-seeded, (two in each cell.)
Several plants of this shrub have been long cultivated in
the Botanic garden at Calcutta, but from whence, or how they
got into the garden, has never been ascertained. Flowering
time the same as the other species, viz. during the warmest
time of the year, March, April, and May. This species
seems perfectly distinct, and has much less to recommend it
than either Carandas, or diffusa, In most respects it agrees
pretty well with Vahl’s description of C. edulis. The follow-
ing description will, however, point out some difference.
Siem rather weak, and leaning considerably, soon divid-
ing into several, rather slender, dichotomous, ‘flexuose
branches. Bark of the ligneous parts spongy, and deeply
cracked ; that of the young shoots villous. Thorns opposite,
at the forks of the branches, and in all other parts at every
second, straight, strong, very sharp, and less frequently
compound than in the other two species just mentioned.
Leaves opposite, short-petioled, oblong, and broad-lanceo- —
late, acuminate, soft with down, particularly while young, —
from one to two inches long, and rarely more than one broad.
rules small, and only present where the spines are. Flow~
are térnial, tern, or twice tern, small, white. Calyx ; seg-
ments lanceolate, acute, villous. Tube of the corol a little
curved, swelled near the mouth. Border of five, linear-lan-
ceolate, acute segments. Stamina lodged in the swelling of
the tube. Germ conic, two-celled, with two ovula in each,
attached to the partition, Style shorter than the tube. Stig-
poh evilloms, bidentate ae —— nina the
Cerbera. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 691
cell, shape various, concave on the inside, convex on the ex-
terior, Jnteguments single; light brown, and rather rough,
Perisperm conform to the seed, white, amygdaline. Embryo
‘inverse, white. Cotyledons roundish, Radicle cylindric,
length of the cotyledons, superior.
A. C. axillaris, R.
Shrubby, armed with simple, opposite, recurved spines.
. Leaves short-petioled, oblong. Corymbs peduncled, axillary,
many-flowered.
A native of the Moluccas.
CERBERA. Schreb. gen. N. 415.
Calyx five-parted. Corol funnel-shaped, Germ two-lob-
ed; lobes two-celled ; cells two-seeded ; attachment interior.
Diupes superior, one or two singly, one-seeded. Embryo
inverse, without peri :
1. €. fraricien. R.
‘Shrubby, dichotomous, Leaves broad- lanceolar. Corymbs
terminal. Drupes obliquely urn-shaped, and gaping.
From Pegu this elegant shrub has been introduced into
the Botanic garden at Calcutta, where it is in constant blos-
som. The flower like those of Vinca rosea, but larger, and
faintly fragrant; it is in fact one of the most ornamental
- shrubs in the garden:
Stem short, soon dividing, and sub-dividing into many,
straight, round, smooth, dichotomous branches Handi branch-
lets, Leaves opposite, often remote, short-petioled, from ob-
long to lanceolate, entire, smooth, acuminate, about five or
six inches Jong, and from two to three broad, Stipules inter-
foliaceous, acute. Corymbs terminal when they first appear ;
but long before the whole of the blossoms expand, a branch-
let shoots forth on each side and places t them in the fork ; di-
_ visions sub-trichotomous and short. Flowers large, sib
Rr2
692 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Cerbera.
of the tube lively red, the rest a bright lively pink,somewhat |
fragrant, and highly ornamental. Bractes opposite, triangu-
lar, acute. Calyx five-leaved ; leaflets oblong, smooth, per-
manent, a smooth eland on the apex of each. _Corol infun-.
dibuliform. Tube nearly two inches long, and equally slen-
der, except near the apex, where it swells considerably,
mouth highly coloured and hairy. Border of five, obovate-
. oblong, equal segments. Filaments five, short, inserted
round the bottom of the swelled top of the tube, .nthers
Sagittate, entirely hid’ within the mouth of the tube. Germ
two, villous, on the sides where they meet, a small subulate
seale covering the fissure on each side, singly two-celled,
with one ovulum in each, attached to the middle of the par-
tition, Style nearly as long as the tube, Stigma large,
with a two-lobed apex, which is lodged in the dome formed
by the converging of the sagittate anthers. _Drupe (in this
rather capsule) generally solitary, obliquely urn-shaped, size
of the first joint of the little finger, villous and veined, dark
greenish purple, apex truncate, sloping much to the inner
side, with a slit down the middle, semi-two-valved, opening
up the inside and along the apex, one-celled. Pulp scarce-
ly any, the whole substance being thin and somewhat fibrous,
Seeds solitary, ovate-oblong. Jntegument single, white, pret-
ty thick, and soft, Perisperm none. Embryo erect. Cotyle-
dons conform to the seed, of a pale: yeliovrish colour, Ra-
fick, orals, ER PTION- :
2.6. idole. Gert. Carp. ii. 193.1 t 124. piso 8
Leaves alternate, lanceolate, with transverse nerves,
smooth, :
p Corymbs terminal, divisions of the calyx linea and 5 reyo-
ute. :
_Odallam. Rheed, ‘Mali i. 71. t. 39... But chat 5 ae
america 150. 1. 70. 6 he ig without. doubt a different
Ophiorylon, _— PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 693
A pretty large tree, a native of salt swamps near r the shores
, of various parts of India, yet it thrives well in the sweet and
comparatively rich soil of the Botanic garden at Calcutta,
where the trees are fully as large as the largest pear trees,
and in flower and seed the whole year,
The wood is remarkably soft, spongy and white, the bark
on the young, generally trichotomous shoots polished, deep
green. Leaves alternate, and crowded about the ends of the
branchlets, short-petioled, lanceolar, firm and polished. Co-
rymbs terminal, Flowers large, white and fragrant. Bractes
and calycine segments linear and revolute, Coro/ infundi-
buliform; segments of the border sub-triangularly falcate, in
the bud imbricated. Stamina enclosed. Germ two-lobed,
each lobe with a groove on the outside, and containing: two
cells, with two ovula in each, attached to the partition, I ne-
ver saw more than one of the lobes come to maturity, and that
with rarely more than one seed, the other cell proving abor-
tive. The style is slender, and the stigma in this species is
remarkably large, conical, resting in a saucer-shaped recep-. —
tacle, the circumference fluted with ten grooves, and the apex
two-cleft. _Gertner’s description and figures of the mature
seed vessel and seed, are so good as to render any a |
Surther unnecessary.
3. C. maculata. Willd. spec. ii, 1223.
Leaves sub-verticelled, oblong, tapering most toward the
base, smooth, veined. Drupes acuminate. :
Ochrosia. Jussieu. gen. plant. 161.
Found by Colonel Hardwicke indigenous on the Island of
Mauritius, in seed in “September. From his specimens the
above definition is taken.
- OPHIOXYLON. Schreb. gen. N. 1578.
" Cabjs five-toothed, Corol funnel-shaped. bon two-
celled ; cells one-seeded ; attachment inferior, Berries twin,
Rr3
694 _ PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. = Ophioxylon.
superior, slightly united, each one-seeded. Embryo inverse,
and furnished with a perisperm.
1, O, serpentinum, Willd, iv. 979,
Tsiovanna-Amel-Podi. Rheed. Mal. vi. 81. t. 47.
Radix Mustela. Rumph. Amb, vii. 29. t. 16.
Sans. Chundrika, Churmuhuntree, Pushoomehunukarika,
Nundunee, Karuvee, Bhudra, Vasoopooshpa, Vasura, Chun-
drushoora.
Beng. Chandra.
Hind, Ch’hota-chand,
Telinga. Patalganni.
This, in a rich soil, is a large climbing or twining shrub ;
in a poor soil, small and erect, It is a native of the Circar
mountains. In my garden it flowers all the year round. —
Stem woody, erect, climbing, or twining. Bark ash-co- _
loured. Leaves three or five-fold, short-petioled, oblong,
pointed, waved, entire, smooth ; from four to five inches long,
and about two broad. Stipules none. Fascicks axillary, pe-
duncled, many-flowered. Peduncles long, smooth, round,
sometimes nearly erect, sometimes drooping. Pedicels and
calyces of a bright red colour, which with the white flowers,
gives the haw a very pretty appearance,
The Hermapnropite Fiowers, indeed I never could |
_ discover any other, are well described in the Genera Planta-
rum, except that the corol is always contracted. Germ sa-
perior, two-lobed, with one ovulum in each, attached to the
inner and lower corner of the cell, Berry t two-lobed, smooth,
shining black, and succulent when ripe ; ‘lobes the size of a
pea, aah: one-celJed. Seed solitary, somewhat ie nee
Integuments two, the exterior one nuciform, most pointed at
the base, hard, thick, and rugose, the inner one a fine mem-
- brane, adhering to the perisperm. Perisperm conform to
the seed, greenish white. Embryo inverse, straight, nearly
as long S, mb ocak Nona cone round, cordate, i
Hunteria. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 695
Obs. The want of the nuciform, bony, exterior ‘integument
of the seed in Geertner’s O, trifoliatum, ii. 129, induces me
to think his cannot be the same, yet I know of no other to
compare his with,
' ~ The root of this plant is employed for the cure of various
disorders by the Telinga physicians. First, in substance, in-
wardly, as a 5 atl oe Secondly, in the same manner, after
the bite of poisonous animals. The juice is also expressed,
and dropt into the eye, for the same purpose. And thirdly, it
is administered, in substance, to promote delivery in tedious
cases,
HUNTERLA. R.
Calyx five-parted. Corol infundibuliform, _ dake two-
lobed ; /obes one-celled, two-seeded ; attachment of the ovula
eiaievior. Berries two, pedicelled, one-celled, one or two-
seeded.
* ‘
soe Bl eta i ° a8
=A tree, a native of Prince of Wales’ Island, where it blos-
soms in July ; in Bengal, i in May; butin the latter piece ithas
not ripened its seed,
Leaves opposite, short-petioled, shame and lanceolate, ob-
tuse, pointed, entire, smooth on both sides, from three to four
inches long, and one or two broad. Stipules none, but a
swelling on the inside of the base of the petiole. Corymbs
terminal, decussate. #/Jowers numerous, small, white, Ca-
lyx one-leaved, five- parted, permanent, segments ¢ ovate, Co-
rol ‘one-petioled, funnel-shaped. Tube two or three times
longer than the calyx, gibbous at the base, and swelled a lit-
tle at the mouth, Border contorted, five-parted, divisions
obliquely ovate-oblong, i in the bud spirally imbricated. Nee-
tary a fleshy ring round the base of the germ. Filaments
five, very short. Anthers ovate, lodged in the swelled part
of the tube, just within its mouth. Germ superior, ovate,
Rr4
696 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Webera.
two-lobed, two-celled, with two ovula in each, attached with
their base to the bottom of the partition. Sty/e nearly the
length of the tube of the corol. Stigma ovate, short, with a
two-lobed apex. Berries two, perfectly distinct, singly some-
what of a roundish ovate shape, short-pedicelled, size of a
cherry, pulpy, when ripe orange-coloured, one-celled. Seeds
two in each berry. :
Obs. The whole of the generic character of this plant,
agrees so well with that of Carissa, as it stands in the various
_ editions of the Genera Plantarum that I have seen, (Jussieu 5
excepted) as to leave no doubt with those, who stijl may think
two berries are the produce of one flower in that genus, that
this ought to be considered a species thereof, But in all the In-
dian species of Carissa,* that 1 have yet met with, the peri-
carpium is uniformly single. As therefore this plant cannot
be placed in the same family, I think it better to continue
the former generic name (Carissa,) to the well known thorny
plants described under that genus, for 1 have not yet met —
with any of the unarmed species, consequently cannot say
what their pericarps may be. I consider this to be a well
defined, perfectly distinct genus, and have named it after
Dr. William Hunter of the Bengal Medical Establishment,
an eminent Botanist, and author of various papers in the 4st-
atic Researches, of the History of Pegu, &c. He was pa
first discoverer of this ay plant,
_WEBERA. Schreb. gen. N. 1733. :
Cah rye five-parted, Corol funnel-shaped. Germ inferior,
two-celled ; cells few, or many-seeded ; attachment interior.
Berry lociler cells few, or many-seeded, Embryo cc cen-
tripetal, and farisiahedt with a perisperm, :
| . Ww. corymbosa AT ih epee, i, 1224. Gert, for. 3. 7. 3
t, 102, ‘a
“Eh he de ain al dri :
Webera, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 697
Shrubby. Leaves from lanceolar to oblong, glossy. Co-
rymbs terminal. Calyx five-parted, and nearly as long as
the tube of the corol. Capsules few-seeded.
Rondeletia asiatiea, Linn. suppl. 244.
Cupi. Rheed, Mal. ii, 37, t, 23.
Beng. Kunkra.
A pretty large, erect, unarmed, ramous shrub, common on
most parts of the Coromandel coast. :
: Leaves opposite, petioled, broad-lanceolar, margins reflex-
_ ed, smooth, deep shining g green, with hairy glands in the axills
of the large veins; six or seven inches long, aud about two
and a half broad. Stipules interfoliaceous, as in the other spe-
cies, Corymbs terminal, large, divided by three. Flowers
small, very numerous, white, faintly fragrant. Calya, corol,
and stamens as in the genus. Germ turbinate, two-celled,
with from six to nine ovuda in each, attached to the thickened
centre of the partition. Berry the size of a large pea, when
ripe smooth, shining black, two-celled. Seeds from four to
eight in each cell, Embryo furnished with a perisperm, and
centripetal radicle,
The extremities of the young shoots are afin found cover-
ed with a white resinous matter. A substance of the same
nature and appearance is to be found on the — of most of
- the Pao of Gardenia known to me.
2. W. macrophylla. R.
Shrubby. Leaves ited: lanceolar. Panicle terminal. Co-
rols with a long slender tube, Berries many seeded.
os sbrubby species, found by Mr. W, Roxburgh, aaigee:
ous on Prince of Wales’ Island, fs
Young shoots somewhat villous. Leaves opposite, short-
petioled, broad-lanceolar, entire, acuminate; from six to
eighteen inches long, and from four to five boui: Stipules
angular, &e. as in the Rubiacea of Jussieu. Panicles termi-
nal, very large, brachiate, villous. Bractes subulate, villous.
Fi —— large, white, Calyx divided into five, short, acute,
698 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Webera.
villous segments. Corol ; tube cylindric, long, slender and vil- ©
lous ; segments of the border five, obliquely Jncos aacile,
aasiseds than thetube. Filaments short, rising above the mouth
of the tube. .Anthers filiform, nearly as long as the segments
of the corol, Germ oval, two-celled, with many ovua in each,
attached to an elevated receptacle on the centre of the parti-
tion. Style longer than the tube of the corol, villous, Stigma
clavate. Berry the size of a pea, two-celled, Seeds many in
each cell, from six to twelve, angular, &c. as in W. corym-
bes Gert, carp. 3. t. 192.
ot W. scandens. R.
Shrubby, scandent, glossy, Leaves oblong, cymes axillary,
Stigma of two oval plates. .
Gujer-kota, the vernacular name in Silhet, where it is s indi-
~ genous, It flowers in April.
Stem and branches ligneous, scandent ; ; young shoots polish-
ed, as is every tender part of the plant. Leaves opposite,
short-petioled, long, entire, acuminate, glossy, about six
inches long, and from two to three broad. Stipules as in the
rest of the Rubiacea, Cymes axillary, and in the forks of the
branchlets, solitary, divisions generally bi-ternate. lowers
large, infundibuliform, fragrant, when they first open white,
but like the Gardenias become yellow by the second day,
Calyx sub-campanulate, five-toothed. Corol with a long, slen-
der tube ; segments of the border five, obliquely oblong. An-
thers eek sessile on the mouth of the tube. Germ inferior,
oval, two-celled, with many ovula i in each, attached to an ele-
vated receptacle on the centre of the partition. Style the
length of the tube of the corol, Stigma of two, thin, oval la-
mina, ae
A: WwW. oppositifolia.
- Shrubby. _ Leaves ancuilacssblace: firm. and oan Pa-
we toa ep ecenrtt of a few ssi peat
z ha ; ate? : e" newe se : apege
Alyxia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 699
: recurved spikes, Corols with a short, woolly-mouthed tube.
Stigma clavate, entire.
A native of Chittagong, where it blossoms in April.
5. W. odorata, R.
Shrubby. Leaves lanceolar, polished, acuminate. Corymbs
terminal. Ca/yzx five-toothed.
Patugrooja, the vernacular name in Silhet, where it is indi-
genous, and grows to the size of a large shrub, or small tree.
Flowering time the hot season, when the air is perfumed with
the fragrance of its blossoms.
Leaves opposite, short-petioled, lanceolar, acuminate, en-
tire, polished, from four to eight inches long, by from one to
two broad. Stipules triangular, Kc. as in the order. Corymbs
terminal, trichotomous ; ramifications villous. Flowers nu-
merous, middle-sized, white, and very fragrant. Bractes op-
posite, sub-lanceolate, villous, Ca/yx poculiform, mouth five-
toothed, Corol with the tube twice the length of the calyx ;
border of five, spreading, linear-falcate seoments, which are
longer than the tube. Filaments five, very short. Anthers
subulate, nearly as long as the segments of the border of the
capil ieee which they spread, Germ inferior, short, turbinate,
two-celled, with three or four ovula in each, attached to the
thickened middle of the partition. Style and stigma together
longer than the corol, of a clavate-subulate shape. }
ALYXIA. Banks.
Calyx fiye-toothed. Corol hypocrateriform. Germ 0
lobed ; lobes one-celled, few-seeded ; attachment interior.
Berries two, pedicelled, one-seeded, Embryo tte ae
echinate, lobed perisperm.
ek A, stellata, R.
" Shrubby, often twining. Leaves tern, and quatern, hee
lanceolate, polished. Gers terminal, simple, recurved,
700 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Alyzxia:
Gynopogon stellatum. Forst, Prod. n. 47. Willd, spec. i. -
1221?
Pulassarium. Rumph. Amb. v. p. 32. t. 20.
A native of Amboyna, and from thence brought to the
Botanic garden at Calcutta in 1798, where it thrives well,
‘blossoms about the close of the rains in September, and ri-
pens its fruit in the cool season.
Trunk scarcely any, but many, long, twining, straggling,
or scandent branches as they meet with support. Bark of
the ligneous parts ash-coloured, of the young shoots smooth,
| deep green. Every part abounds in a milky juice. Leaves
tern, or quatern, short-petioled, oblong, or oblong-lanceo-
late, entire, of a deep shining green on both sides; with very
slender, divereine: parallel veins; length from thiee’td six
inches. Stij-zles, a small scale between the petioles. Flow-
ers many, small, pure white, collected in small, for the most
part, terminal, cymose fascicles, Bractes short, cordate, ri-
gid. Calyx deeply five-parted. Corol ; tube swelled at the
base, and a little below the mouth where the stamens are_
lodged, divisions of the border nearly round, in the bud im-
pitched! Filaments short. Anthers sagittate, just within
the mouth of the tube. Germ two-lobed, and with care se-
parable without violence, each lobe one-celled, and contaim-
ing three or four ovula, attached to the corol. Stigma slight-
ly two-lobed. Berries two, when both prove fertile, which
is rarely the case, short-pedicelled, oval, size of a small cher-
ry, smooth, with a groove on the inside from the blunt-point-
ed apex to the base, when ripe yellowish. Pulp i in very”
small quantity ; one-celled. Ihave frequently found pro-
liferous berries, that is a second, on a short pedicel, growipgs
from the apex of the first, as in the genus Anosa, Seed con-
form to the berry. Integuments single, thin but hard and
elastic, approaching to nuciform ; from the middle of the i in-
side a vertical lamina projects sab tiaras into the seed, then
‘oceeds in opposite directions, | like the rece} Y-
onia (see Gert, sem, ii, t, m4) to these the
Ophiorrhiza, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 701
' perisperm is attached, ein conform to the seed, in
the centre a thin portion thereof forms an entire sac, or cavi-
ty for the embryo, the rest is divided into innumerable, di-
verging, fleshy, cuneiform lobes ; colour greenish, becoming
white, texture fleshy. Embryo erect, straight, nearly as the
perisperm, Cotyledons lanceolar. Radicle sub-cylindric,
inferior, 7
Obs. I am inclined to think that this may be Forster’s
Gynopogon stellatum, or another species of the same genus ;
(now Alywxia; see Brown’s Prodromus, Nov. Holl. i. 469.)
and I conclude he had not an opportanity of making him-
self acquainted with the carpology of the genus. Until I met
with the fruit I considered it a Rawwolfia ; but am now sa-
tisfied it cannot belong to that family. To what natural’ or-
der? A poner ?
OPHIORRHIZA. Schreb. gen. N. 273.
Calyx five-toothed. “Corol funnel-shaped, Germ inferior,
two-celled ; ce//s many-seeded ; attachment to a sub-inferior,
free, clavate receptacle. Stigma bifid, Capsule two-lobed,
two-celled. Seeds numerous, angular,
1. O. Mungos. Willd. i. ‘826, , .
Leaves opposite, elliptic, smooth, Corymbs Seat
Radix Mungo. Kempf. Amoen, 573 and 577.
Leaves opposite, petioled, oblong, entire, pointed, in tex-
ture remarkably thin, length from four to six inches, Pe-
tioles short, villous. Stipules, aslight connecting mem-
brane, Corymbs terminal, many-flowered, Calyx supe-
rior, one-leaved, five-toothed, permanent. Corol one-petal-
Jed, funnel-shaped ; tube short ; border five-parted ; divisions
oblong, hairy on the inside, pointed. Nectary a thick, two-
__ lipped, fleshy body crowning the germ between the base of
the stamens and style. Filaments five, very short, inserted
onthe base of the tube, 4nthers linear, erect, nearly bid
702 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Ophiorrhiza,
in the tube of the corol. Germ beneath, turbinate. Style
as long as the stamens. Stigma two-lobed. Capsule ob-
verse reniform, totally compressed, (two-lobed) ; on the out-
side five ribs run down from the divisions of the calyx, mter-
nally divided into two cells by a transverse partition, open-
ing between the remains of the two fleshy nectarial lips, _
Receptacle sub-cylindric, free, aftixed to the partition near |
its base. Seeds very numerous, angular.
Obs, From my own knowledge, I can say nothing of the
virtues, that have been by various authors ascribed to the
root of this plant. Indeed I am rather inclined to look upon
the whole t to be a fiction,
2. 0. willond. R.
Suffructicose, erect, villous. Leaves from oyate-oblong
* to lanceolar. Corymbs terminal, long-peduncled, villous.
A native of shaded, moist places amongst the hills of Chit-
tagong; where it blossoms in May, and the seed ripens in
three or four months.
Stems a few inches hich, simple, eabsdigeied es while young
hairy. Leaves opposite, short-petioled, oblong, entire, veins
many, large, parallel, and hairy ; from three to four inches
long, and one or two broad. Stipules ensiform, villous.
Corymbs terminal, solitary, rather long-peduncled, sub-glo-
- bular, rough, with ferruginous pubescence, composed of a
few recurved, short, villous branches, with the numerous,
white, sub-sessile flowers on the upper, or convex side there-
of. Calyx hairy, five-toothed. Corol fannel-shaped. Tube
the length of the five segments, its mouth shut with hairs.
Filaments five, inserted on the bottom of the tube of the
corol, Anthers linear, erect. Nectary a fleshy bilabiate
body on the top of the germ embracing the base of the style,
as in O. Mungos. Germ turbinate, inferiét, two-celled, with |
humerous ovula in each, attached to two large, free recepta-
cles which are attached to the base of the partition, Style
the length of the tube of the corol. Stigma large, two-lob-
Gardenia, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 703.
ed, villous. Capsule two-lobed, transverse, breadth twice the
height, two-celled, opening round. the apex. Seeds, &e. as
in O. Mungos, Gert, Carp. i. 264, t. 55, 7
GARDENIA. Schreb. gen. N. 416. |
Calyx with the divisions uncertain. Corol funnel-shaped,
Germ inferior, one-celled, with numerous ovula, attached to
two or more parietal receptacles. Berry one-celled, many-
seeded. Embryo furnished with a perisperm, directions va-
rious, 3
With Jussieu, Lamarck, Geertner and others, I have at last
Separated the Gardenias with a one-celled seed vessel and
parietal receptacles from those which are two-celled, with
the receptacles attached to the partition. To those still called
Gardenia belong the following unarmed species, viz. G. flo-
rida, calyculata, costata, latifolia, arborea, lucida, gummi-
Jera, tetrasperma, montana, and the two arnied species, tur-
gida, and campanulata, And to the latter ( Posoqueria)
belong wliginosa, dumetorum, nutans, longispina, fragrans,
Sasticulata, and longiflora, all of which are armed, —
SECT. I. Unarmed.
1. G. florida, Willd. spec. i, 1225. |
_ Shrubby, unarmed. Leaves oval, acute at both Soda
Berries long, turbinate, with as many sharp ridges as there
are divisions in the calyx. ,
Sans. Gandhuraja,
Beng. Gundhuraj. ;
-Catsjopiri. Rumph, Amb. vii. i. 26. t. 4. sf 2.
A large, very ramous shrub, found in gardens about Cal-.
cutta, and originally from China,
Thunberg’s description of it is the best. I have seen, I can
only add that the flowers are axillary for the most part, and
that in the calyx I have always found a small inflected tooth-
704 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Gardenia,
like process at the bottom of each fissure, which exists also
in that of the ripe berry, The seeds nestle in a firm, deep
orange-coloured pulp, which is a substance employed for
dyeing in some parts of Iudia.
To distinguish it from Gardenia sulcata, Gert. carp. iii.
p. 78. tab. 194, 1 will add the following account of the fruit
of this species. Germ turbinate, from five to six, acute-an-
gled ; at the base from three to five-celled ; above one-celled,
with from three to five parietal receptacles, to which the nu-
merous ovula are attached. Berry oblong, orange-coloured,
smooth, the size of a pigeon’s egg, down the sides run six
equi-distant ribs, a continuation of the permanent, ensiform
segments of the calyx, one-celled. Receptacles generally
four, projecting from the lining of the cell to about one-fourth
of its diameter, when they divide into two or more portions.
Seeds numerous, nidulant in orange pulp, roundish, a little
compressed, rugose ; ‘mode of ‘attachment on the ripe fruit
obscure, FPerisperm conform to the seed, pale... Embryo —
straight, nearly as long as the perisperm. Cotyledons two,
cordate. Radice straight, pointing to, very near to the um-
bilicus, 3 SEC oe
2. G. ealyculata, R. |
Arboreous. Leaves petioled, ovate, acuminate, smooth,
Flowers terminal, solitary, sessile, germ involuered: _Caly-
cine segments ensiform, _Authers within the swelling tube of —
the five-cleft corol, _ : : BPE: Sad
‘Native place uncertain ; some -thictis years: ago, it was
brought from Hydradad to Lord Pigot at Madras, who
planted it in his garden there, where it was pointed . out to
me by Lady Clive in. 1798. The flowers are lanes alse,
and like most of the genus, Gatows rier S
_ G. costata, R,
Gardenia, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 705
Berry Mra pRboows, oval, five-ribbed, one-celled, shell two-
valved,
\ A native of the mountainous + parts of India, From those
of Chittagong, it has been introduced into the Botanic garden
at Calcutta; where, in ten or twelve years it has arrived to the
size of a small elegant tree, It blossoms in April, and the seeds
take nearly one year to ripen.
Trunk straight, in twelve years old trees sakes laches
circumference, The branches expand but little, the bark of the
ligneous parts is smooth and ash-coloured, that of the young
shoots round, and somewhat harsh, with short, adpressed
hairs ; whole height from ten to twenty feet.. Leaves opposite,
short-petioled, oblong, and cuneiform-oblong, smooth, when _
young resinous, entire, pointed ; veins numerous, large, and
parallel ; length from six to twelve inches, and the breadth
from three to five, Stipules interfoliaceous, supporting the
leaves, Flowers terminal, or nearly so, very large, the tube
being above three inches Jong, and the horder above four in
diameter ;, when they first expand at day-break, they are
white, but in the course of the day change to a pretty deep
yellow, powerfully fragrant, Calyx cylindric ; mouth irre-
gularly divided into five, lobes outside resinous, and strong-
ly marked with five, very. prominent angles, caducous.. ; (a
my lucida, which this resembles most, it is permanent, smooth,
on the outside, and deeply divided into five uniform segments.)
Corol; tube cylindric; border .of five obliquely ovate seg-
ments, -Anthers five, sessile, completely within the mouth of.
the tube, of two filiform lobes. Germ clavate, fiye-angled,
and one-celled, with numerous ovula attached totwo opposite
receptacles, rising from. the sides of the cell, as in Geertner’ s
figure of Chironia baccifera, carp. 2, 1.114. Style the Tength,
- of the tube, Stigma rather above the tube, large, and con-.
sisting of two variously grooved lobes, Berry drapaceous,
oblong, ventricose, smooth, yellow; five strong vertical ribs
run its whole length, Pulp yellow, soft. and rather foetid,
one-celled, ‘Shalt thick, ie and two-valved. Seeds nu-
VOL, I.
- 706 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Gardenia.
merous, small, shape very irregular, but always much flatten-
ed, nidulant in dark-coloured, soft pulp. It is only in the
germ that their insertion can be clearly traced. — Intequment
hard and two-valved. Perisperm soft. Embryo straight,
nearly as long as the perisperm. Cotyledons ovate. Radicle
as long’ as the cotyledons, and pointing directly to the umbi-
licus which is generally the most pointed end of the seed.
4. G, latifolia, Willd. spec. i, 1226.
~ Arboreous, unarmed. Leaves opposite, or tern, ini
ovate. lowers terminal, three-fold, sessile, from eight to
nine-cleft. Berry = — hem, one-celled, five- —
valved. '
Hind, Papara, ©
Gardenia enneandra. Konig’s Mss.
Telinga, Caringua.
~ Is a native of barren rocky hills both in the Citcare, and
Carnatic, like the other species it flowers about the beginning
of the hot season, and the seeds take nearly one year to ripen,
By slow growth it becomes a small tree, with sub-erect
branches, covered with smooth, ash-coloured bark. | Leaves
either opposite, or three-fold, ina good soil always three-fold,
nearly sessile, inserted into the stipulary ring, obovate, entire,
_ of a deep shining greenon the upper side, paler on the lower;
veins many and large, running parallel; in their axills are
hollow glands, with hairy margins ; from six to twelve inches
Jong. Stipules annular within the leaves, splitting irregular-
ly when old. Flowers one, two, three, or four, at the extre-
mities of the branchlets, very large, very fragrant ; when they
first open in the morning white, gradually growing yellow
before night. Peduncles short, one-fiowered. Calyx small,
jiregularly divided. Corol; tube long, cylindric, smooth.
Border large, spreading, from seven to eleven-cleft, divisions
- obliquely f oblong, the length of the tube. . Filaments none.
_ Anthers « nding with the number of segments in the
= ‘una Pie eerie pointed at — heliseeunee”
Gardenia, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 707.
ed in the tube, the other half above its mouth. Germ oblong,
one-celled, containing numerous ovula, attached to five parie-
tal receptacles. Berry the size of a pullet’s egg, nearly round,
crowned, with a small part only of the tube of the calyx,
‘which makes me suspect Gertner’s G, latifolia, vol. iii. p,
78, must belong to a different species, That my plantis the
original latifolia 1 know well, as 1 was with Kénig when he
first discovered it, Colour at all times a cineritious greenish
yellow, a little scabrous, one-celled, and the internal, nuci-
form portion five-valved, Seeds very numerous, attached to
five parietal receptacles. —.
Obs, This species is very denéeiciste of. notice. Its large,
while young, glossy, green leaves, independent of the
size, beauty and fragrance of the flowers, render it very orna-
mental. a
“be Go lucida, Ri. : itis 4
Sub-arboreous, unarmed, erect, gems resinous, Leaves
oblong, smooth, bard, and lucid, with simple parallel veins.
Divisions of the calyx subulate. Tube of the corol cylindric,
three times the length of the calyx, border five-parted. Ber-
_ ries drupaceous, with a two-valved cell,
A native of Chittagong and various other parts of India.
It is in flower and fruit the greater part of the year. ~
Trunk short, and straight, Branches numerous, opposite,
decussate, ascending, covered with smooth, ash-coloured
bark ; young shoots round, smooth, and generally incrusted
_ with a little yellow resin, a bright yellow drop of which is
often found.on the gems. Leaves opposite, short-petioled,
oblong, smooth ; margins interior and waved ; rather obtuse-
pointed, hard to the feel, both surfaces polished ; nerves nu-
merous, parallel, and simple; about six inches long, and
about three broad. Stipu/es annular, within the leaves;
mouth variously divided into unequal, obtuse segments. Pe-
duncles terminal, and above the axills,solitary, round, clavate,
smooth, from half an inch toan inch long, supporting a sim imple ~
$s2
708. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNITA, Gardenia.
beautiful, large, pure white, fragrant flower. Calyz five-
cleft. Segments ensiform, with the mareims incurved, so as
become subulate; permanent. Coro/ ; tube cylindric, smooth,
from one to two inches long, which is more than twice the
length of the calyx. . Border five-parted ; divisions oblique-
ly obovate-oblong, about the length of the tube. Filaments
none. Anthers five, -very long, slender and acute, half bid
in the tube of the corol, and affixed by their backs to its
mouth. Germ oblong, even, one-celled, containing numerous
ovula attached to two parietal receptacles, Style length of the
tube of the corol.. Stigma clavate, exert. Berry drupace-
ous oblong,.size of a pigeon’s egg, smooth, crowned with the
permanent calyx, one-celled, its inner lamina of a bony hard-
ness, turning into the cell on op posite sides, but soon separat-
ed into two receptacles each. Seeds numerous, attached to
the just mentioned receptacles. Perisperm conform to the _
seed. Embryo with two cordate Wises _ a —
dric radicle pointing to the umbilicus. oo ae
Obs, The total want of pubescence, structure of the sti-
pules, length of the calyx, and sharpness of its divisions, dis-
tinguish this from G. gummifera, which it most resembles,
_ 6, G, arborea. R.
Rie eae unarmed, , gree antsy: Flowers ter-
minal, often three-fold subsséssilej tube filiform ; border five-
parte are ae even; shell four or fivecvalvot
Pag Ganges fee tebapidis. pies ane me ahh
A native of the Circar wioulitaiads Its leaves are decidu-
ous during the cold season, and it: continues naked till the
hot season is pretty far advanced. Flowering time the be-
ginning of the hot season while the tree is naked of leaves.
: From the buds and wounds made in the bark there exudes
bernitl es pew like ome —_ ——- —
‘
Gardenia, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, . 709
flowers of this species, renders it more deserving of a place in
our gardens thau any species I know ; 1 may even say, than
G, florida,
The natives eat the ripe fruit.
AG. saeaitea. Sian Suppl, 164, ‘eo.
' Shrubby, with resinous gems. Leaves oblong, obtuse-
pointed, Divisions of the calyx ovate, acute, and very short,.
Tube of the.corol as long as the divisions of its border.
__Native of Sescenuiel: :
In a specimen in the Banksian herbarium, the divisions of
the alr are stene slender, and acute,
% G. staat R, a
Shrubby. Leaves enh a ce smooth. Flowers
axillary, solitary, short-peduncled, pentandrous. Calycine
segments subulate, Berry round, four-seeded, —_ 7
Found by Colonel Hardwicke on the mountains near Shree-.
nugur, See Asiatic Researches, vi, 354, __ eel
_- anlis fe
SEC T. IL. Armed.
“9. ‘G. montana, R, : :
_ Arboreous. Leaves oblong-ventricose, downy ae est |
saahina’. short-peduncled, Stamens within the belly o of the
tube. Berry drupaceous, sub-rotund ; shell from five to six-
valved. wie
ae Tella kakisha, sii
As Famous tree ; armed with stron g, short, acute,
thorns; a gece of the. er mountains, Leaves decidu- —
ous in December. It flowers about the beginning of the hot
season, viz. in March and April, soon after which the leaves |
appear, Bark white, soft and ; ee ey.
& , Thorns. above the axills, opposite, spr addin .
abarps sometimes they are wanting. Leaves ¢ bp poss
_ young shoots, fascicled on the older, nearly sessile, 0
i dy 9 ce “ak ee Be 5 Bid os ret ih : } $f,
710 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Gardenia,
obtuse, entire, with the margins revolute, above shining and
smooth, a little downy underneath, three inches long, by two
broad. Stéipuf/es annular, within the leaves, membranous.
Flowers three, four, five, or six, from little buds about the
extremities of the naked branchlets, pretty large, very fra-
grant, when first open white, but soon becoming more or less
yellow. Peduncles short, one-flowered. Calyx small, some-
what five-toothed, permanent. Corol; tube short, some-
what gibbous; throat smooth. Border from five to seven-
cleft ; divisions wedge-shaped, emarginate. Filaments none. —
Anthers in number equal to the segments of the border of the —
flowers, linear, entirely within the tube. NVectary a moni-
fiform, fleshy ring surrounding the insertion of the style. The
stigma just appears within the tube. Berry the size of a ~
pullet’s egg, scabrous, ash-colour and yellow mixed ; an ex-
terior, pulpy cortex covers a hard bony shell which imme-
diately encloses the seeds with their pulpy nidus, it is one-
celled, five or six-valved, and the incurved edges of the
valves form the parietal receptacles for the seeds,
10. G. campanulata. R.
Shrubby, armed. Leaves lanceolar, ‘iidvoth Flowers in -
terminal and lateral fascicles, Calya five-toothed. Corot
campanulate ; border five-cleft. Berry round. )
A native of the forests of Chittagong. Flowering t time eo
month of March ; seed ripe in November.
Trunk ‘straight, but short, soon dividing < and suai
into numerous, stiff, erect, and spreading branches. Bark of
the old parts brownish green, and pretty smooth ; that of the”
tender parts lighter sarourea | height of the “ee in five”
years, from five to ten feet. Thorns single, short, strong, and
sharp, they generally terminate the little, lateral, “opposite
branchlets, Leaves opposite, short- petioled, broad-lanceolate,
most toward the base, entire, and smooth on both
‘om two to five inches long, and from one fo two"
1 caibbetegtae
Rares sess
ar, acute, 1 fowers small,'o —
cilia
Gardenia. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 71i
yellowish white, short-peduncled, crowded on the extremities
of short, rigid, lateral, spinous branchlets. Ca/ya cylindric,
five-toothed. Corol with a five-sided, campanulate tube, and
a border of five obliquely-ovate segments, nthers five, ses-
sile in the bell of the corol. Germ inferior, one-celled, con-
taining numerous ovula attached to generally five, parietal
receptacles, Style short. Stigma somewhat five-grooved,
and situated deep in the tube. Berry round-ovate, the size
of a golden pippin, smooth, depressed, and slightly five-fur-
rowed at the apex and base ; one-celled ; the exterior tunic
thick, fleshy, yellowish, with slender, hard, longitudinal fi-
bres interspersed, the inner tunic thin and firm, but not bony,
the edges of which turn in five portions, forming five parietal
receptacles, Seeds minute, nidulant in a little yellow pulp.
Perisperm conform to the seed, pale. Embryo straight. Co-
tyledons round, Radicle cylindric, pointing to the umbilicus,
Obs. The fruit is used by the natives as a cathartic and an-
thelmintic, and also to wash out stains in silk,
a f7G. rabgida: R :
Arboreous, with swelled mealy bark, beanchies brachiate.
Thorns opposite and terminal, Leaves obovate, smooth,
Flowers \ateral, sub-solitary, calyx five-toothed, apices of
the anthers scarcely peeping from the tube of the smooth
corol,
A native of Bhotan, and introduced by Dr. Carey into the
Botanic garden at Calcutta, where it blossoms during the
months of March and April, the season when most other
species of this genus are in flower, but after being twelve
years in the garden it has not once ripened a single fruit.
Trunk straight, Bark very thick and spongy, appearing
as if swollen and somewhat mealy, Branches brachiate,
drooping short, and covered with bark like that of the trunk.
Spines opposite, above the axils, and, when not terminal, —
in form of a small leaf-bearing branchlet, shorter than the
leaves, © Leaves opposite, sub-sessile, obovate, entire, smooth
Ss4
“
T2 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAS Posoqueria. —
on both sides, from one to four inches long, and from one to
three broad... Stipudes interfoliaceous, acute, Flowers late-
ral, generally single, sub-sessile, large, white, and fragrant.
Calyx short, cylindric, smooth, mouth slightly five-toothed.
Corol ; tube many times longer than the calyx,somewhat
gibbous. Border of five, spreading, and. finally revolute,
obliquely-oblong, obtuse segments, Séamina no filaments.
Anthers' filiform, with their apices only peeping from the
mouth of the tube. Germ turbinate, one-celled, ovula nue
merous, attached to four or-five parietal receptacles. | Style
short, pee. clavate, five-grooved, rather tong than the
anthers,. ad
Obs, ti, cien ei of this species anil its tesight
trunk even up through the branches, render it readily known
and easily distinguished from all our other Indian Gardenias.
ete et heey ee
- POSOQUERIA. Aubl. Juss, Tamacte pt Gert. flo...
Ceriscus of Gert.
Calyx five or six-cleft, Corol tubular, border from five
to six-parted. os inferior, two-celled ; ovu/a numerous,
attached to a free receptacle from the centre of the partition.
Berry two-celled. Seeds numerous, nidulant, sascha fur-
nished with a perisperm,, direction various. , ~
By nliginosa. Boo. ,
__ Arboreous, armed, branches a oR faptaideds ose
lets Teneei horizontal, bearir the thorns and flowers at
their extremities. Berry oval, drupaceous,, i, ao
Gardenia uliginosa, Willd, spec, i. 1228, . baad oe
- Beng, Peeralo. BS Bicade inhale ' be Avod’y
: Tam. Wagatta. Bn s euea esas
ey
__ Telinga. Nella-kakisha,
rigid ramous, small tree, armed with, numero ng
_ Posoqueria. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 713
ering time the beginning of the hot season, and in some mea-
sure all the year. The seeds ripen in the cool season,
Trunk short, covered with a dark, rust-coloured, scabrous
bark, Branches, some stiffly erect, very rigid, four-comer-
ed, thick. set with short, round, diverging, decussated branch-
lets; others spreading. Thorns one, two, three, or four, at
the extremities of the short, round branchlets just: mention-
ed, Leaves opposite, on the young shoots, fascicled at the
extremities of the branchlets, short-petioled, oblong, smooth,
shining, entire, from two to three inches long, by one and
a half broad, Stipules within the leaves as in the rest of the
genus, Flowers one, two, or three upon their proper short
peduncles, at the extremites of ‘the branchlets, large, white
and fragrant. Calyx tubular, obtusely five-toothed, perma-
nent, ‘Corol, mouth of the tube shut up with much white
hair. Border flat, from five to eight-cleft; divisions orbicu-
lar. Nectary a fleshy, angular ring surrounding the base of
the style. Germ inferior, two-celled, each containing numer-
ous ovula, attached toa crescent-shaped receptacle in each
cell, ‘vertically united to the middle of the partition. Berry.
two-celled, size and shape of a pullet’s egg, bark ash-colour-
ed, or olive gray; pulp in Jarge quantity, hard and dry.
Seeds numerous, oval; flattened, nidulant, Enheuntuit
ed. with a perisperm, its direction various,
The flowers of this species render it deserving of a conspi,
cuous place in the flower garden, The uncommon appear-
ance of the plant is also in its favour.
yt iP; dumetorum, Willd. i ae | ee ee one icy
Sub-arboreous, armed. Leaves dbowites ‘vhows iawn,
and terminal, solitary ; twbe short, border a ney
drupaceous, spherical. pi
Gardenia dumetorum, Willd. i, 1229, tes eee
_G, spinosa, Suppl. Plant. p. 164, “aldo Stade
| Telinga, Manga. —
bia 39290 of the most common, thorny, ramous shrubs,
714 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Posoqueria,
or, in a good soil, small trees, on the coast ; there is scarcely
an uncultivated spot where it is not to be found. Flowering
time the beginning of the wet season.
“Dr. Kénig’s description of this shrab, published in the
Supplementum Plantarum of the younger Linneus is good
and full.
_ Germ two-celled, each containing many ovula attached to
a crescent-shaped receptacle in each cell, which is vertical-
ly attached to the middle of the partition, Berry round,
smooth, when ripe yellow, and much like a small crab apple
both in size and appearance. Pulp in large quantity, of a
firm, fleshy texture, two-celled. Seeds numerous, oval and
oblong, attached as in the germ, and nestling in a quantity
of gelatinous pulp. Perisperm conform to the seed. Hm-
bryo more than half the length of the seed, straight. Cotyle-
dons roundish. Radicle cylindric, length of the cotyledons,
vaga,
It is avighayen for fences, and fire-wood. The Sinica
like all the rest of this genus are highly fragrant, but in this _
species few in number.
‘The fruit when ripe, looks like a small yellow apple? if
bruised and thrown into ponds where there are fish, they are
soon intoxicated, and seen floating. If this is done during
the hot season, it is said, the fish generally die, but if —
the wet or cold season they recover.
Fishermen sometimes follow this mode to enable them to
take the fish with more ease. — They are not deemed less
wholesome from the effects of the fruit. Coceulis Indicus—
does not grow in those parts, nor is it known or used there _
= this Aree pend |
3. P. nutans, R, os
“Shrubby, armed, branchlets drooping. Leaves narrow- —
_ Obovate-oblong. | Flowers solitary. Bets si tse beatae
ed with pe masire calyx.
malabaricus are ae 9 wit ei
Posoqueria, | PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA,) —_~ 715°
to shape and size a very good representation of the berry,
but to render it exact, the ealyeine segments, and the recep-
tacles of the seeds must be added. ‘The figures are too small
for dumetorum growing in exactly the same spot, and with
the same management. In the Botanic garden at Caleutta,
in twelve years, this is a tall slender shrub with very slender
drooping branches, and a trunk not thicker than a man’s
wrist, whereas dumetorum of the same age has grown to bea
stout, rigid, small tree, with a trank two inches and a halfin
circumference, at four feet above the ground.
Trunk straight, from three to four feet high. Branches
numerous, with the extreme divisions long, slender, and
_ drooping ; tender shoots a little hairy. Spines axillary, oppo-
site, horizontal, straight, slender, but hard, stiff, and sharp.
Leaves on the young shoots opposite, on the old ones fasci-
cled, ‘short-petioled, from cuneiform-oblong to round, from
one to two inches long, by about one broad, Stipules trian-
gular, acute, &c, as in the order, Flowers solitary from the.
old axills under the spines, with or without leaves, short-pe-
duncled, middle-sized, white and fragrant. Calyx with a
short, rather hairy, cylindric tube, dnd five-parted border,
all permanent. Coro/, outside sericeous. Tube very little
longer than the calyx, swelled near the base, and there shut —
with « dense circle or valve of white hairs, pointing upwards, -
Border of five, obovate, spreading segments, which are im-
bricated in the bud. Filaments, scarcely any. Anthers fili-
form, without the tube. Germ turbinate, two-celled, with
many ovula in each, attached to two peltate receptacles aris-_
ing from the centre of the partition. Style rather longer than
the tube of the corol, swelled near the middle. Stigma large, |
roundish, elammy, apex two-lobed. Berry the size of a nut-
meg, nearly round, somewhat rugose, pulpy, crowned with
the entire eallyx, two-celled, Seeds numerous, small, eral,
Ratienetl.” sa tes oe and Peoted as in the other pte
710 ~—C PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Posoqueria,
A. P. longispina, R.
Arboreous, armed, spines opposite, and alsérnstic horizon:
tal, Leaves obovate-cuneate, smooth, Flowers solitary, ter-
minal, and axillary. Calyx smooth, border permanent.
_ Fruit obovate, smooth, oa
A native of the coast of Coromandel, Flowering time the
hot and rainy season, ;
Trunk ‘straight. Branches numerous, the smaller long,
slender, spreading, and drooping, a habit which immediately
distinguishes this species from Kénig’s dumetorum ;_ its
branches being short and rigidly erect. Spines opposite or
alternate, decussate, horizontal, straight, strong and sharp ;
length from one to two inches, Leaves on the young shoots
opposite, on the old ones in fascicles below the spines, all are
short-petioled, obovate-cuneate, entire, smooth on both sides;
size varying, from half an inch to three inches in length. St7-
pules (examine the very young shoots to find them) within -
the leaves, subulate, pointed. Flowers solitary, short-pedun-
cled, generally from the extremities of the little, leaf-bearing
‘branchlets below the spines, rarely axillary, pretty large,
pure white, and fragrant. Calyx perfectly smooth, Tube
cylindric ; border of five, ovate-cordate, permanent segments.
‘In dumetorum the tube only is permanent. Corol salver-
shaped. Tube as long as the tube of the calyx, villous on —
the outside, within, a ring of projecting hairs shuts it up
about the middle. Border of five, obliquely ovate, s spread-
ing divisions Filaments none, . Anthers five, linear, aftix-
ed over the fissures of the border of the corel, and entirely,
_ without its tube. Style thickened at the middle. Stigma
erect, two-lobed, Berry obovate (in P. dumetorum round,)
size of a large nutmeg, smooth, two-celled. Seas siusiiil
ous, immersed in pulp.
| Obs, Thunberg’s Gardenia spinosa isa plant Sines
seen, if it be not Kénig’s dumetorum or this very species 1
_ have now described, consequently cannot say wherein they
a differ, ‘ut from demetorum, whieh I know sani it differs
va
Posoqueria, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA 717
very conspicuously in the structure, and disposition of the
branches, in the shape of the fruit, and in the border of the
calyx — poomess
5. P. fragrans. Kin. i
_ Shrubby, armed. . Leaves long-obovate. ius numer-
ous, collected in small, simple, terminal umbellets. Berries
from eight to ten-seeded. |
Gardenia fragrans. Kon, Mss.
Telinga, Pedally.
- With P. dumetorum it is a common, rigid, shrubby sbicbas ;
it seems also to delight in a poor soil, and like it is armed
with strong sharp thorns. Brought into a good soil these
almost totally disappear. It flowers about the begins
the rains in June and July.
_ Leaves opposite on the young shoots, fascicled 0 on the old
ones, short-petioled, oblong; on both sides are smooth and
glossy hollow glands in the axills of the large nerves; border
hairy ; from two to three inches long, by one and a half broad,
Stipules comecting the petioles, acute. Umbellets simple,
small, terminal, or from small tuberosities on the branchlets,
bearing many, small, white, fragrant flowers. ..Peduncles
short. Bractes, a small, acute one at the base of each pedi-
cel, Calyx five-toothed, toothlets acute, Corol, throat hairy,
Border always five-cleft, divisions acute. Stamens and pis-
tillum as in the genus. Berry the size of a small cherry,
red, two-celled. Seeds from eight to twelve in both cells,
kidney-shaped, orange-coloured.
Obs. 1 know of no use this tree is put to, except seanke
fences, for which ‘it is. well adapted, particularly when it is
the produce of a poor barren soil, it is then well armed with
strong thorns, The flowers like those of all the nai are de-
ey et: |
i ae R a9
¥ xiiilieab bi, spines. inal patent, Leaves coteinidends
718 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Posoqueria,
sub-sessile, Fascicles _—— and in the forks of the
branches, | Berries two-celled. dj
A middiing-sized, very ramous, well armed shrub, a na-
tive of Silhet, where it blossoms in March and April.
Branchlets smooth, opposite and dichotomous. “Spines
axillary, patent, straight, rather short, _ Leaves opposite,
short-petioled, ovate-oblong, entire, pretty smooth, from one
to three inches long. Stipules interfoliaceous, acuminate,
Flowers collected into small, sub-sessile fascicles, in the forks
of the dichotomous branchlets, or axillary, middling-sized,
and like those of most of the other species, fragrant ; when
they first expand they are white, but gradually change to
pale yellow by the second day. Calyx hairy, margin divided
into five, subulate segments, Corol infundibuliform, bor-
der of five oblong segments, Filaments scarcely any: .4n-
thers five, linear, one-third of their length within the tube of
the corol. Germ inferior, two-celled, each’ containing many:
ovula attached to a receptacle rising from the centre of the
partition. Style of the corol. Stigma clavate, unequally
—— oo83
7 Pp longiflora. R. ;
Arboreous, armed with opposite, recurved spines. Leaves
lanceolar-oblong, smooth, Corymbs terminal and satis 2
few-flowered,
eeeapaee with Gasilenii etiihcend Willd. i. p. 1231. sa
- A native of Chittagong, where it grows to be a pretty
he tree. It flowers during the meomensinghte seeds
= in July and August. fe: go
_ Branches and branchlets opposite, ied smooth, | Spina
sidillaby, very strong, sharp, and considerably » recurved.
_ Leaves opposite, short-petioled, from broad-lanceolar to-ob-
long, entire, smooth, from four to six inches long, by one and
a half or two broad. Stipules as in the order, Corymbs ter-
‘Minal, and axillary, short, generally about eleven to thirtéen-
flowered, every eh smooth. Flowers large, pale; ceiety
Posoqueria, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 719
white when they first expand, becoming yellow by the se-
cond day, fragrant. Calyx tubular, mouth cut into five, se-
milunar segments, Corol; tube long and slender; border of.
five, unequally. lanceolate, spreading segments. Filaments.
none. Anthers five, linear, attached to the mouth of the tube
of the corol, Germ inferior, two-celled, with many ovula in
each, attached to their elevated fleshy receptacle, rising from
the centre of the partition. Berries the size of common cher-
ries, when ripe yellow, smooth, fleshy, two-celled. Seeds nu-
aden: &e. a: as in the genus.
8. P. floribunda, R.
Sub-arboreous, armed, Leaves opposite and fascicled,
obovate, cuneate, Flowers in lateral fascicles ; calyx long-
er than the tube of the corol, its segments lanceolate. Berries
ovate-cordate, polished.
A large, rigid, ramous shrub, or, in a igoal soil, small tree,
like dinate anative of the coast of Coromandel. Flow-
ering time April and May, and the seeds ripen immediately
after the rains,
Trunk ia ten years old plants in the Botanic garden at
Calcutta as thick as a man’s leg, but short, soon dividing
into numerous branches; and straight, stiff branchlets, in
every direction. Bark ash-coloyred, on the oldest parts
considerably cracked. Spines axillary, and rarely more than
one to each pair of leaves; about an inch long, stiff, straight,
rigid and sharp. Leaves on the tender shoots opposite, on
the old flower-bearing twig fascicled, round the flower sub- _
sessile ; the general form obovate, tapering a good deal to the
baw; obtampamueesh, from one to two inches long, by one
wii Stipules as in the order. Flowers short-peduncled,
generally from four to six produced from each of the small
lateral, short, scaly spurs, (as they are called by gardeners,)
of a middling size, and fragrant, when they first expand pure
white, but soon becoming yellow. Calyx smooth ; tube cy-
lindric; segments of the border generally five, sub-lanceo-
720 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Posoqueria,
late, acuminate, permanent. Corol, outside sericeous. Tube
rather shorter than the calyx, shut about he middle with a.
valve of fine white hairs pointing up. Border of five, obo-
vate segments. laments scarcely any. Anthers linear,
spreading. Germ turbinate, two-celled, ovula numerous,
attached to a far-projecting receptacle from the centre of
each side of the partition. Style rather longer than the tube
of the corol, swelled toward the middle. . Stigma oblong,
two-lobed. Berries broad, ovate-cordate, polished, size of
a prune, crowned with the remaining tube of the calyx ; two-
celled, Seeds numerous, &c. &c. as in the other species.
re
IND EX.
* .* The words in italics are synonyms.
Page
Achyranthes alternifolia 674
—— aquatica ... 673
—— aspera
diandra — BFF
ferruginea 675
—— incana eA
lanata 676
lappacea
—— Monsonie 673
us castalSyiedifiora .. 678
_ ——<prostrata 674
—— scandens... 676
>. ———_ sericea 675
triandra ... 678
Adhatoda spicata 132
eeeeniis duplo folio ... 430
- laciniata ws ~-435
Eeilops evaltata’ ...
Agrostis coromandeliana 316
= see diandeas, aris see BLT
~— linearis — 289
Matrelis iste 317
——— maxima = 317
—tenacissima ... 316
= wo 326
Bon Ol |
672 | =
673. | Gs
: Page
Ain bracteata 63
ealearata ... 69
Cardamomum
Cardamomum me-
dium... 74
—— Galanga ... 59
—— linguiforme 75
—— malaccensis ... 64
mutica 67.
—— nutans 65
spicata 70
—— punicea ... yr
sessilis | x. ... 16
Alsine multiflora os 800
Alyxia stellata... ... 699
Amalago i... ~—:160
| Amaranthoides indicum,
nodiflorum, &e. ... 678
—.- 7, Shaaess snes woes
Amaranthus hails foliis
oppositis, &c. 678
-_ —— spicatus _
es iorspteus, &e. ... 672
| _ = vulgaris... 679
Ammania multiflora .... 426
xt
722 INDEX,
Page Page
Ammania nana... ... 427 Andropogon Martini... 277
octandra «-. 425 miliaceus 272
pentandra ...* 427 montanus ... 267
rotundifolia ... 425 monandrus 260
vesicatoria... 426 —— muricatus ... 265
Amomum aculeatum ... 40 —— parviflorus 274
angustifolium 39 pertusus ... 258
aromaticum ... 45 —— polystachyos 261
Curcuma ... 32 —— pumilus ... 273
—dealbatum ... 43 punctatus 264
maximum ... 4l —— saccharatus 271
Seip... J} —— saccharoides 263
—— subulatum... 44 —— scandens ... 258
~~ Zerumbet . ... 48 |. —— Schenanthus 274
Zerumbeth.... 20 | — —— serratus... 253
Zinziber o.. ee _.—— Sorghum 269
Ampacus angustifolia 416 | & ——tenellus .... 254
Ampadoo Barrowing ... 449 —— tridentatus 257
Ana-Chunda 4... 571 |} . —— tristachyos ... 256
Ana-parua .. sw. ... 430 verticillatus 263
Andropogon aciculatus ... 266 Anthistiria arundinacea... 251
ong 329 —— ciliata ... 247
—— bicolor. ... 268 —— cymbaria .... 251
—— binatus... 255 [ | _——heteroclita 249
—— Bladhii .. 259 |. —— polystachya... 248 —
_—_ cernuus on 270 as rm _—_—_— prostrata sae "250
geniculata wre B25
| piocynsiee foetidum ... 684
| Aquilicia Olillan: sez ~-- G58
“id —— Samiucina .. _ 637
o—— crenata, te ate i
| Canthium angustifolium
Tt?
INDEX.
Page Page
Ardisia divergens .. 583 | Boerhaaviadiandra —... 147
glandulosa 584 a ae
—— lanceolata 583 * _. procumbens ... 146
—— paniculata 580 | Borago indica 458
—— solanacea .. 580 spinulosa . 459
— villosa 582 zeylanica 458
—— umbellata .. 682 | Brucea sumatrana... ... 449
Aristidia depressa 351 | Buddlea Neemda 396
—— Hystrix ... ... 350 | Buglossom littoreum ... 527
setacea - 349 | Biittnera herbacea 619
Arundastrum’... ... +. 2 pilosa . 618
Arundo bengalensis ... 348
- pifaria ss .. 847 | Cadamba jasminiflora ... 686
—— Karka ... 347 | Cada pilava acomoens eb
ee ee = -88 Cadelari o a eee
Baeobotrys glabra... ... 560 | 1 9—— americana... 392
indica, wee ot > —— arborea” 390
ae ho 560 —— cuspidata’ ... — 394
0) ramentacea ... 558 —— jacana © 10°32 389
Ballel . +. 482 —— lanata 391
Béiovdus ilegusforian 1 O44 —— lanceolaria +. 395
Banducus latifolia .:. 541 longifolia ... 394
Banksia speciosa” 58 macrophylla ... 393
Bata ete BR O83 —— pentandra ... 395
Helameands ahutir mini 170 —purpurea .... 395
Bela modagam ... 527 Ciinalata oe oe
Belilla- ... =. 687 er dehiscens = 504
Tsjori valli... 413 Ciraninm eiltiaine ... 636
Vin Curins a8 7. 329 | Cahnacorus "5". 1
Bena patsja ... +. 454 | Canna indica pe
_Canscara i... 402
724 INDEX.
Page ; sge Page
Canthium didymum ... 535 Celastrus verticillata... «.. 624
- moluccanum 536 | Celosis argentea iu. --.070
baccata ~~ ..0~ ..- 682
cernuia:tr ‘visisravs -—-680
| ——parviflorum .*. 534
—— parvifolium 534
psa annuum ... ... 573
comosa.. ... ... 679
velit 574 corymbosa... 681
' ——— frutescens ... 574 cristata... .-. 679
—— grossum ... 574 — — Monsonie..-:...\ -: 673
— nodiflora. .4; ... 678
polysperma..... 681
minimum 6 694
purpureum 573
Cara caniram 1.» ... 118 | SPINESCENS «2+ oe O73
Carangaamara...._—:135 Seie-hras biflorus: 4... ... 233
Carcumae@ Wise ane av... BQ muricatus ...
Curdamontle Minus ... 37, 71 Cerbera fructicosa ...
Carim curinit .... ... ‘we-1l4 maculata
Garam ciéciiscon: wer BR Odallam
Carissa axillaris... ... 691 | Chamaelaea trifolia, &c.
—— Carandas «687 | Chandana” See ate
—— diffusa ... 689 | Chenopodium incanum, &c.
) —— villosa’ ... 690 Cheru-chunda ;
Cattu-tirpali ... .....- 156 | Chionanthus dichotoma ...
ais 703
345
SIBSERER
z
Catajomri coat =. Chironia carinata
Cavara-pullu. ee ee , — centaureoides ...
Ceanothus asiatica .... 615 | Chironia trinervia ... .
Ghirdta ee SS
Ckloranthus inconspicuus
Chloris barbata — po ee
a
~ —— multiflora —— ramiflora
- tenella ... .... 329
107
—— nutans 107
oon
nee
fists
Ciriscus malabaricus
Cissus adnata
angustifolia
auriculata —
—— carnosa
—— cordata
elongata
feminea
glauca
heptapylla
—— lanceolaria ..
_—— pedata Peper th. fee
he quadrangularis
_.— serratula ... +.
tS ee vitiginea eee
Clove-scented creeper ..-
_ Oo te
INDEX.
Page Page
914 | Convolvulus blandus ©... °470
. 05 cuneatus \.. 492
. 408 Tice ealycinus ... 471
411 cespitosus ... 453
. 409 —— eopticus:... 477
407 —— digitatus -
411 dentatus.:. 477
410 fastigiatus ... 468
.. 466 —— flagelliformis 4%1
413 foetidus ... 683
412 gangeticus 467
413 grandiflorus A497
.- 407 heptaphyllus 4 0
Al4 hirsutus’ —,
410 ____ Jaurifolius —
494 | 9) —— Maleolmi ... 474
sal | eet marinus © 485
‘5 —— maximus 469, 497
medium... 474
nervus —... 489
muricatus 499
obscurus’ >... 472
paniculatus 478
—— parviflorus... 471
—— pedatus... 478
—— pentagonus 435
pes-capre ... 486
—— pilosus seco" 75
‘ud —— reniformis vs. 481
t) .——repens ... 482
ee svinsdiigyinas 468
—— sphexrocephalus 472
—— stipulaceus 484
—— tridentatus... 475
-——turpethum 476
726
INDEX,
Page Page |
Convolvulus vitifolius .... 476 | Curcuma Zerumbet. ... » 20
Cordia angustifolia ... 595 | Cuscuta aggregata ... +... 447
campanulata ... 593 capitata ... 448
—— grandis . 693 —— reflexa . 446
— latifolia ... 588 sulcata ... A447
monoica ... .. 592 | Cynoglossum diffusum ... 457
—— muluccana... ... 594 —— marifolium _ 457
e— Myze- cui 590 racemosum — 496
polygama 694 | Cynosurus wegypticus 344
retusa 599 corocanus ... 342
“—— serrata ... 591 =~ indiondosesshee B45
Costus speciosus... ... 58 | Cyperus alopecuroides 208
Cransil ehictend 2... 617 cristatus ... 190
Crusta olla he age capillaris 194 -
olle major ... ... 138 —— castaneus 195
——__———_ minor... 136 ——— compressus ... 194
Cumd ja i.._-... 61 “—_— eruentus «.. «. 196
Gumuda cvs. 459 | > —— difformiisiccmas »-196
Capt Gish. ep ence S50 OF —— diffusus . 189 —
Curcuma zruginosa ... -27 —— digitatus 205
——Amada .. ... 33 —— distans . 207
- —— angustifolia... 31 —— dubius 188
i. domestica major 32 | flavidus ... «.. 200
25° a
— =
30
32
35
ae
INDEX. 797
Page Page
Cyperus mucronatus 185 | Erhetia aspera .... ... 598
niveus .. - I9l —— buxifolia »- 598
—— Pangorei «. 202 —— internodis . .. 599
—— pectinatus ... 190 a eee |
—— pertenuis ..- 198 ——serrata ... ... 596
— pigmeus 190 —— setosa 598 —
-—— polystachyos ... 193 ——uniflora® ... ©... 598
—— procerus.. 203 | Eleagnus arborea ... 441
—— pumilus ... ... 196 —— conferata ... 440
—— punctatus 193 ——_foliis oblongis 439
rotundus . 197 —— triflora + ve--439
‘= -— semi-nudus .;. 187 | Eleodendrum indicum 640
—— spinulosus —... 203 glaucum ... 638
——— squarrosus ... 190 | Elettadi Maravara “435
oo -— tegetus ss. —...- 208 Elettaria.. jee ee 8
——- tenuiflorus ... 199 tea egyptica ~ 344
tortuosus . 197 calycina ‘ils ..< B46
- £5 — tuberosus 44-199 _ —— Coracana 342
a gushing » 205 —— indica » 345
wv ~ — 206 —— stricta ... 343
gi? eames verticillata . 346
Dactylis lagopoides ... 341 Elytaria crenata 119
1 brevifolia . 34] , Embelia ribes io te OE
Dalrymplea pomifera 633 —— robusta, <acuns: -587
Dar-zard - vestita 0... 588
Datura fastuosa ... s.. 561 | Ephemerumdipetalum — 171
—— motel pend? 37. 661 —— bengalense 171
elosi 682 a barlerioides 113
nae diantheummng 312
i 4 110
6 | SS eae lll
_ *—— raeemosum 113
— suffrutico-
“% sumes tec: - 11)
Erimia-Tali... ... ¢.0. ©5385
Erycibe paniculata .» 685
728 INDEX.
~ Page
Euonymus atropurpurea 627. | Gertnera Pangati
gareinifolia ’...
—— glabra 628
Euphrasia, Alsines angus-
tivre_folio 133
Evolvulus tvidentus ... 475
Exacum bicolor 397
carinatum 399
suleatum .. 400
~tetragonum... 398
zeylanicum 398
Fagara Budrunga 417
nitida 419
h—— Rhetsa ... 417
_ —— triphylla 416
Fagrea elliptica ... 462
fragrans .. 461
Biabrisigliz argentea ... 223
miliacea ... 227
F issilia psittacorum .. 163
Fiamma sylvarum 423878.
Flos cardinalis .... «.. 503
Manore plenus. ..._ 88
Folium bracteatum 117
—— buccinatum _... 670
Frutex | | a 657
Fuirena ciliaris ee
Funis crepitans major 497
quadrangularis ... 407
viminalis. ... — ... 629
i uncatus angustifo-
ee et ee eS
628 |
sted Vn
Galanga major
malaccensis
Gandarussa
Gandsulium ....
Gardenia arborea -
calyculata
—— campanulata
— costata ...
dumetorum ...
enneandra
florida —
Pde
_ —— gummifera ...
turgida
uliginosa
Globba bulbifera
>—— orixensis | .;.
-subulata .....
Gramen acciculatum +. —
capitatum —
caricosum —
__ ~ cyperoides, eae
—_ teas Sea
ieee
tetrasperma Sr
exeteers
708
.-, 704
710
. 704
713
pre |
703
Fi
A.
INDEX. 729
Page Page
Gramen cyperoides, §:c. 201 Hedychium angustifolium — 13
elegans, &c. 193 —— coronarium 10
—— rarius .. 194 flavum 12
—- ——. madraspata- - gracile 14
num.» .. 210 | Hedyotis auricularia -» 365
i FUME. Korey 00 ne BOD 370
— paniceum 283 —— geniculata ... 364
——— VACCINUM ve 345 —— hispida 364
Gratiola alata -.. 137 —— lineata san OOO
amara * 135 scandens 364
cuneifolia 142 | Heliconia buccinata 670
-) + grandiflora . 136 | Heliotropium coromandeli-
— hyssopioides ... 141 : anum . 404
_—— integrifolia _.,. 137 indicum. - 454
— involucrata .... 137 —p nicu '
g———. Jumcea ... 142 | Hellenia Allughas eee
~ _— lobelioides 142 | Hemapushpica 99
Herba spiralis hirsuta 58
Hippocratea arborea. ... 167
—— indica 165
— obtusifolia ... 166
Holcus bicolor 268
cernuus . +» »-. 270
we ——- CHitRisie useen sO
———— SEFFAtaaees-o sex) 139 nervosus stile 4cc- Seer
veronicifolia.. ... 138 —— PEFEUNUS ao0, ion 258
_Grossularia spinis vidua §c. 615 succharatus. . ... 271
Gouania tilizfolia 632 — Surghum 269
Guettarda speciosa ..,. ... 686 —— spicatus
ee. Ss s sete Jacqui as 445 Hovenia dulcis. meen 08
Gynopogon steliatum ... FU Hummatu... ...
ae Hunteria corymbosa...
-Hamiltonia pilosa . 555 Hura siamensium 79
» —+ suaveolens ... 544 Hydrophylax diffusa ... 423
Harpullia cupanioides 645 —herbacea 424
730
INDEX,
Page Page
Hydrophylax maritima ... 373 | Ischemum cuspidatum ... 324
pumila... 422 geniculatum 322
—— umbellata... 421 ies. <- 808
Ss ——rugosum ... 320
Illecebrum javanicum 671 —— semisagittatum 320 -
—lanatum _... 677 tenellum ... 323
—— Monsonie ..._ 673 | Itea umbellata .. 632
sessile- ... oes 678 | Twarancusa 275
Impatiens balsamina ... 651 | Izxia chinensis . 174
natans . ... 652 | Txora acuminata 383
Bese aa age . » 651 alba Seki oe BO
Inota-Inodien .. .. 563 | —— Bandhuca ... 376
Inschi... ee a 47 barbata ... .. 384
Inschi pe er vi brachiata ... 384
Ipomea bona-nox ... 494,497 | —— coccinea... «.. «.. 375
coerulea oo RE, ain es 379
—ccerulescens ... 500 | —— congesta — fesse 387
Candicans ... ....495 | —— cuneifolia ... ... 380
—— grandiflora 497 - fulgens ... aw OTe
E mauritiana... 478 | —— lanceolaria ... 387
_—— multiflora 499 —— parviflora ... .,. 383
—— muricata 499 Pavetta ... .. 385
: 471 | —— stricta a:
. 503 | tenuiflora ... ... 387
. 602 ——undulata ... .. 385
: 503 | ——— villosa © 4.0 4.. ... 383
_ —— sepiaria , 499 ——arborescens ... 95
zeylanica ..« 493 auriculatum _-« 98
Be isos mam at ee SO) —— bracteatum ... 94
Tvesine javanica... 672 —— chrysanthemum _ 99
Tris chinensis... ...... 170 — coarctatum ... 92
Tschemum ariStotum .. BID —— elongatum... 90
INDEX. 3 731
Page Page
Jasminum grandiflorum ... 100 Justicia latebrosa +125
_ ———heterophyllum 100 ligulata ... 126
— ——— hirsutum ... 686 malabarica — 126
— lanceolatum:.. 98 —— montana 110
—— latifolium ... 95 —nasuta.... 120
-——— laurifolium ... 92 - NETVOSA «.. lil
limonii folio con- © | —— orixensis as 158
jugato 88 —— paniculata... 117
_ ——paniculatum ... 99 pectinata ... ... 133
~—— pubescens... 91 picta © 117
- ———seandens =... 89 —— polysperma . 119
——simplicifolium 97 procumbens ... 132
Fe mes Qriperye =. 565° 93 pulchella ayes ei: 3
/ —— tubiflorum «.. 97 —_—— ian ame = 133
~~ ——undulatum ... 88 ramosissim . 129
——+-vimineum ... 96 —— repens ~ 138
Zambac... 88 — iryitfions’ ae ee
Jatus =~ 600 | ~—— tinctoria 123
Johni 169 —— tomentosa’... “... 131
— - ——tranquebariensis 130
—— speciosa wb |
Juncus odoratus ...° ... 274 verticillata 135
119 — vitellina 115
126
116 Kempferia angustifolia ... 17
128 | iro, =— Galanga*3!* 16
126 ; ovalifolia 19
124 prereset 18
124 — rovundee: e216 *
127 | Kaka-toddali ... i ” 616
“114 | Kanden*hara:.. <:. \... 535
—— echioides 118 | Kappa-kelengu ... 483
—— Gandarussa 128 | Karinta-kali ... . 533
— glabra 2... 130 | Katou-tsjaka .. ... 512
'—— lamifolia’ ...... 134 | Katsjiletti-pullu ... ,.. 179
-— — Janceolaria ... 121 Katsjula: Kelengu Boe 15
Ua2
732 INDEX
Page | Page
Kattu-kelengu i. 469 Lettsomia splendens ~... 487
Katu-bala ... us. 1 —— strigosa 491
Katu-tsjiregam-Mulla ... 91 uniflora vee 495
Katu. pitsjegam- Mulla 96 Ligustrum nepalense.... 149
Kennelli-itti-kanni ... 550 =-Linociera purpurea . 107
Kerpa en Shc
Knozia umbellata ...
367
idl pulla hi tice 182
Konda pulla .. 329
Kudda mulla 88
Kudira pulla ... 41. ... 262
Kunjun CO: sp 402
Kyllingia cyperioides ... 182
monocephala __- 180
_——- triceps . 181
——umbellata ... 182
Lampujum sylvestre a 77
Lappago biflora... ... 281
Lasia aculeata ... — 438
Leea crispa . 654
— hirta.. ... 656
te ae ae integrifolia Ce |
. 659
macrophylla 653
—— robusta . .. 655
' —_— eit sta 657
‘=e Beaphyite fey os
cuneata * . 491
5 | Lithospermum viridiflorum 455
Lobelia nicotianifelia — ... 506
radicuns %. ... 507
Taccada os 527
trigona ... 506
Loeflingia indica -- 165
‘Lonicera quinquelocularis 537
Loranthus ampullaceus 552
— bicolor ... ... 548
. ——clavatus.... 553
—— ferrugineus ... 551
—— involucratus ... (652
pentapetalus 553
Scurrula 550
Ludwigia parviflora. .... 419
—— prostrata ©... 520
Lussa Radja .s0 +
Lycium fetidum: ... ---
— indicum ...- «-
japonicum s+ -.
Lycopus dianthera _
aS fala svat,
Macrocnemum parviflorum 525
cs hat
eet a SO | Mallica .... sitsasanct ve 8B.
p< ae stipulaceum 525
.. 488 | Magorium Sambac. ... 88
o. - 496 | Mala-inechiektias nie s6 62
an 493 | Malan-kua vic — 16
INDEX. 733
: : Page |» Page
Malum indicum... ... 608 , Morinda exserta ... ... 545
Manga domestica ... 641 —— multiflora 546
Mangifera glauca ... 639 | | ——scandens... ... 548
; indica ss 641 tinctoria ... 543
ian ..- 640 | Motta pullu ; .. 222
; sylvatica 644 | Motienga ... «. 181
Manisurus granularis ... 352 | Mulen pullu ... .. 189
Myurus 351 | Munda-valli 497
“Manjella-kua 32 Munja pumeram 86
‘Maranta malaccensis... 64 | Musa ... 663
‘Mariguti —... ...._».. 365 | Musa coccinea .- 665
“Mariscus umbellatus ... 182 |. —— glauca 669
‘Mashandart) 10... ... 393 ornata . .. 666
-Melica diandra . 327 sapientum = 663
i —. digitata =< i... -... 326 superba |... ++. 667
is Seren aed . 328 Mussaenda corymbosa 556
-refracta ie as BA frondosa ... 357
i protien cristata. «459 | -zeylanica «557
os o—tindica~ «... 460 | Myriophyllum tentrandrum 451
- Millingtonia pinnata 104 | Nalla-mulla ... .. ... 88
(os ——simplicifolia 103 | Nalugu .. «+ 654
—— filiforme 314 | Naru-killa © .00) ws 2.
. Tramosum 315 | Naucleacadamba — 512
= —— sanguinale... 315 cordata... ... 509
Milnes edulis... 637 —— cordifolia 514
- Modira Caneram ... ..,. 578 » —— glabra 512
Molago-codi 150 —— macrophylla... 511
i —— ovalifolia ...— a 616
eae parvifolia pee!
—— purpurea ... 515
—— rotundifolia 516
—— sessilifolia 515
—— tetrandra 516
734 INDEX.
» Page . Page
Nedel-Ambel _... .... 461 | Paederia recurva ... +++ 684
Neerija dichotoma -- 646 | Pal-modecca _.,...,. 478
Nelen tsjunda .:. ... 565 | Panicum eres ain
Nella mura ... .., ... 119 | Panicum egypticum .,. 289
Nila-Barudena ... ... | 566 aristatum ... 294
Nyctanthes arbor tristis ... 86 —— barbatum. ..... 282
elongata ... 90 brevifolium .... 40
grandiflora ... 95 —— brizoides ... 292
multiflora... 91 —— Burmanni »-+ 295
pubescens ... 91 HIDEO oi cine teks
a — scandens ... 8&9 cimicinum --. 291
~s —— triflora... ... 96 —colonum .... “296
ae ——conglomeratum 282
Ochrosia ~ .. sige. _ O02 —— conjugatum ... .. 288
Odallam ... ... . ix.» 692 —- corymbosum _... 292
Olax imbricata .... :.. 164 —costatum ... 312
— scandens:.. ... ... 163 “—— crus corvi._.... 296
Oldenlandia alata“... 421 —= a
—— biflora ve», 423 cuspidatum ~ 06
——chrystallina 422 dactylon sae st
—— diffusa avs. Se —— dimidiatum _... 287
_—— herbacea... 424 fr ei cee DOS
—— paniculata ... 422 —— filiforme ..._... 290
—— repens .. ... 532
ie umbellata 421
=
=
-Olus-vagum — ... ... 482 297
_ Ophiorrhiza Mungos_ ... 701 300
: | | rae ep villosa tee 702 t ey 295
Ophioxylon serpentinum 694 —— hispidulum... 303-
281
286
; . ,
¢ : : arts oes Ps Cobar? P a
hs . . 3:
Panicum involucratum ...
— italicum of
——+ lanceolatum
lineare ...
——_ miliaceum...
ta" mniliare ...
- —_» montanum
nervosum
= paludosum
— patens Sei
‘ —— plicatum oon
i tenue’ ..
* __. tomentosum
- — trigonum
~ —— uliginosum
vom umbrosum
—— -verticillatum
Panover txjerana—...
Pardanthus chinensis
cula confertis, &c.
Paspalum Kora
~~ ——— longifloram
~ —— longifolium
— — orbiculare ...
INDEX. 735
Page * ss Page
284 serobiculatum 278
302 | Paullinia asiatica 616
. 294 | Pavetta indica .. 385 —
291 s. Malleamothe 385
.. 810 | Pee-Mottenga .. . 181
309 | Pee-tumba ... 118
313 | Perim toddali ... . 608
311 | Perotis latifolia 233
.. 307 | Pevetti .. 561
305 | Phalaris muricata 281
.. 811 | Pharnaceum depressum ... 165
299 -Phillyrea paniculata ... 100
. 31d robusta... «+, 101
308 | Phieum crinitum Le ss 313
. 307 | Phrynium capitatum =... 8
299 —— dichotomum 2
.. 283 | ——imbricatum ... 6
~ 288 — —— parviflorum q
.. 295° virgatum «nw A
303 | Phyllodes placentaria 8
.. 306 ~~ Physalis alkekengi 562
810 flexuosa 561
.. B01 —— minima ... ... 563
305 peruviana .... 562
.. 308 Phyteuma begonifolium ... 505
297 ~~ Piper angustifolium .... 161
i OUk arborescens 159
428 | —— Betle ae be — ee
170 | —— canninum a. ... 159
a6 | eee abe Pog 166
= | = Cubebas.:<.. ... 159
681 | —— diffusum 160
. 279 lanatum . 159
279 latifolium .. 160
..- 280 | —— longum ... 154
279 | —-—.... 156
736 INDEX.
: * . Page Page
Piper Malamiris ... ... 160 | Poa punctata «ne! vente
methysticum ... 159 teviélle. — cccsitnsieis. Sey
—— nigrum... ... ... 150 | +— unioloides; .,.. ... 339
— peepuloides ... 157 | ——vviscosa ... «.. 336
—— qui saururus 4 ... 158 | Pommereulla Comuompia 331
rostratrum wines) AQ | Papgatt oc sai... 507
—-sarmentosum ... 160 | Porana paniculata ... 464
—saxatile ... ... 161 | racemosa... ... 466
sylvatium .., ... 156 volubilis ... 465
trioicum ... ... 151 | Porphyradichotoma ... 395
Pitsjigam mullo. ... _.,. 100 | Posoqueria dumetorum of 13
Pittosporum Tobira ... 631 fasciculata... 717
Pladera decussata ... ... 402 floribunda. 719
— perfoliata Figen: AOD —-fragrans... 717
_—— pusilla... .. 408 | ——longiflora... 718
— sessilifolia ... 400 | © H-—— longispina ... 716
—— virgata)... ... 401 | 7 inner 0 994
Plantago Isphagula ... 404 uliginosa__.. jad AZ.
Plumbago rosea ..._ ... 463 | Potamogeton indicum 452
s tuberosum 452
Poa bifaria ... ... ... 331 | Pothos caudata «...... 406
— cylindrica .... ... 334 | —— gracilis jay a eo
9 heterophylla... - 437
—— elegans .... ... «.. 338: | = —— phat mina aS
—— gangetica Pcs ar oo . ‘2 435
—— interrupta... ... 335 | = — =n - ag
—— malabarica ... ... 327 officinalis... 431
—— multiflora... <.. 338 r— soondenserics jay S00
nutans .... .... ... 335 | Psathura borbonica ... 532
= paniculata... 6. 340 t a ci aes — ,
Pullassarium sco ++ ++» 700 Rottbeellia corymbosa. 6<s: 00
Pulli-schovadi ........ 503 exaltata 354
Pyrostria hexasperma_ .-. 388 glabra .. 353
tw —— perforata 356
Radix Mungo ——- pilosa 357
Mustela — punctata, ... 355
—— setacea .:. + 357
Thomea ... 357
701
694
versicatoria.... 463
274 |
527 | Roxburghia baccata ... 163
525
526
686
69
66
Ramaccium ..
Randia polysperma
racemosa. «+. Ruhentiasicanenntsinaay O40
stricta. -- Rubia Munjista ... --- 374
Rava Pl, ove captives a Z
Saccharum canaliculatum. 246
Renealmia osiaaniii
oo ——— nutans - oe
Rhamnus tae ee O15.
> ——incanus .-.- 603
oe —— lucidus, :ressenet 605
cylindricum 234
___— exaltatum ... 245
po Munja.ens: ssn) 246
oficina «... 237
613 — procerum ... 243
sar) «e» 604 ~_—. Sardar inac: OM
= — , cen 611 semidecumbens 236 _
sinense®.«.. 239
spicatum — + oo.
awe trivalvis..... ... 262
Salvadora persica... 389
Salvia bengalensis .... --- 140_
—— brachiata ... ... 145
vaniculate: =. pee fanata acd ssc. 147
—— scandens... 524 | Samara paniculata ... 414
——tetrandra ... 524 polygona ... ... 414
—— tinctoria ... 522 | Samudra-stjogam ... 489
Rottbeellia biflora’ .:. 357 | Sandal wood ... ... ... 442
— compressa .. 354 Sandalum album ee: ae
VOL. I.
738
INDEX.”
Page Fage
Santalum album ... ... 442 Scirpus glomeratus - 224°
—— myrtifolium 444 grossus ... 231
VETUM .. 442 eee Fen earagerig~ 5 |)
Sarissus anceps ja ge —— incurvatus 214
Scabrita scabra — 86 —— intricatus ... ... 190
trifle... 86 juncoides 216
Sceevola oppositifolia... 528 — Kysoor .. 230
taccada << Bae — lateralis 217
Schembra-valli ... 660 maximus 231
Scheris valli canirum ... 441 |, meding 24559241... 213
Scheru-bula iy —— miliaceus ... ... 227
ec xn, 875 — minimus 219
Schetti codweli ... ... 463 monander .. ... 228
Schenanthum amboinicum 274 monostachyos... 219
— Schenanthus odoratus 274 | | —— mucronatus 216
Schenus articulata ... 184) © s_ pallescens 229
‘Schovanna-Adamboe ... 486 ‘i pectinatus ... 218
Schrebera albens o- . 638 penitagonus. 218
: ; swietenioides ... 109 —— plantagineus eke
Schunamba rabbi 406 —— quinquangularis 229
Scirpus acutangulus .... 213 ——-scaber 4. ose OOD
—— aestivalis sein 5 ed —— schenoides 221
—— antarcticus 223
e_— argenteus ete wee 223
—— pbs ree 45
melongena . "566
& pubescens ~ 564
fe. — robrimi se. £566
i — ipa. 566
Ss 8 _—— stramonifolium 572
oe trilobatum » 571
- Soncorus vee HEAR. 6 15
a emaculata >...
oo —— maculata 177
u — moluecana 178
' Spermacoce articularis © 372
—— costata
INDEX.
Page : Page
Sebestinaofficinalis ... 590 | Spermacoce exserta _—... 368
Sendera-clandi ... 475 "ke glelete. ies, 368
Sephalica «ws.» «.. 86 —— hispida { «+... 379
2Mtptala ieee nce AS —— levis. 368
. Serissa feetida «x 579 —— lineata .. 369
: Shringata ... ... +... 428 —— nana... . 369
‘Sideroxylon tomentosum 602 —— scabra ... 371
Sirium arborescens tertium 159 semi-erectus 371
Sfrigidum 160 strictus - 390
— —— myrtifolium .. 444 —— sumatrensis 366
Solanum ethiopicum .. 568 —— teres . 367
— auriculatum ....564 | Sphenoclea Pongatium 507
he. decemdentatum 565 zeylanica. ... 507
~—— diffasum ...) ... 568 Strumonia indies i 861
- —— fructescens ... 570 = .
“1 hirsutum’... .... 571
incanum vchinense 568 a
Surenus ... wi aoe
Pala-Neli © vccc taxes tw 475
Tali-pulli S cuddle
Palu dama . .i5:ceivy-xt.-- 14]
Tardavel ...... .em — 372
Tectona grandis ... ... 600
Tekka Gestge 30 OO
Teretu pullu .. ~ 279
Thalia cannaformis ... 2
Tilo-Onapa ssinves) --- 651
Tiru-talli Seni teesi Fits 500
| Pobira ... -—st
Toddalia 617
Tomba-codivelli . 463
Tomex tomentosa 391
Tradescantia malabarica 173
428
Trapa bicornis
740 INDEX
Page Page
Trapa bispinosa ... 428 | Utricularia fasciculata... 143
quadrispinosa” ... 430 stellaris. .... 148
Triosteum hirsutum ... 538
Triticum estivum ...... 359 | Valeriana Jatamansi «i. 163
hybernum 359 spica .. «163
Trongum hortense ... 566 | Vallia-Pira-Pitica | >..661
Tsiana speciosa ... 57 | Vallia Tsjori Valli. 412
Tsiovanna-Amel-Podi ... 694
Tsjama pullu 337
Tsjana-Kua .. 58
_ Teanga pupum .. 137
Tsjera conirum ... ... 441
Tsjeria- belutta-adeka-
manjen ... .. 679
kuren pulla ... 233
Tsjeroea-citambel ... ... 459
Tsjetta pulla ... 343
Tsjiregam Mulla ... ... 87
Tsjora Valli ° 409
Tsjude marum...._... 117
Tsjuria cranti ... 503
Tunga diandra 184
—— levigata ... 183
—— triceps .. . 183
— Tsjelli 214
Uncearia acida cg wir SDD
_ —— cirrhiflora:... . 520
_—_— Gambier PROPOR 517
ovalifolia 519
—— pedicellata 520
——pilosa ... .. 520.
—— sclerophylla ... 520 |
—— sessilifructus .... 520 |
Utricularia biflora .... 143
Vangueria spinosa.» .... 536
Vareca heteroclita’.... 648
lanceolata... ... 648
—moluccana ... -» 647
Veda Kodi. -2siieivee: ».. 128
Ventilago Madraspatana 629
Verbascum thapsus ... _ 560
Vidi-marum vic ose «+ 590
Viola apetala«.. ... 650
——enneasperma - ... 650
suffruticosa ... ... 649
Virana jbaiaese L.+——- 266
Vitis indica... ... ... 660
lanata teri a -— O88
latifolia... ... ... 661
Volubilis zeylanica 508
Warapulla — te vee DOE
i aad 2 corymbosa ;
Prmerophyiia eo OF
__—. odorata =<ue ciiso6G09
oppositifolia ... 698
tetrandra” ewe
535
Willia-codivelé oat
primulifolia——...__ 650_. —
INDEX, ‘TAL
Page Page
Xyris indica... .... ... 179 | Ziziphus albens ... 607
—- —— Caracutta 612
Lerambed ... 40 a 20 ——elliptica ... 610
Zerumbet claviculatum ... 18 —— glabra 614
Zinziber capilatum ... 55 —— incurva i- O14
- —— Cassumunar ... 49 —— Jujuba .... ... 608
——elatum... ... 57 —— latifolia 607
-—— ligulatum... ... 51 — lotus ... 610
: MAJUS ive 648 47 - —— microphylla... 613
——marginatum .. 57 —— Napeca . 613
—— officinale _ ... 4] | ——nitida ... 609
_—— panduratum ... 55 ——oenoplia ... ... 611
<< mosbam: 63.005) 60 sativa ... 609
—rubens ... ... 53 tomentosa OIL
— spurium ... 48 — ee = ..: -- 606
611
—— Zerumbet .- 48 | ——xylopyrus ...
1G END OF VOLUME FIRST.
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