The Journal of the Linnean Society.

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THE JOURNAL Oa

OF

THE LINNEAN SOCIETY.

j
Vor. XXXVII. BOTANY. No. 257. "uu

CONTENTS.

Page

I. List of the Carices of Malaya. By C. B. CLARKE,
(007 cgo 7 Pete TUNE qe 1

II. Some Bicarpellary Beans. By Erro DrRABBLE, D.Sc.,
Peas CW GIES) E 2. nee see rne tr rh nn een 17

III. On the Species of Impatiens in the Wallichian

Herbarium of the Linnean Society. By Sir J. D.
Hooxer, G.C.S.I., F.R.S., F.L.S. ........................ 22

IV. On the Blaze-Currents of Vegetable Tissues: a

Week’s Holiday with a Galvanometer and some

Plants. By Dr. A. D. Warrer, F.R.S. (Communi-

cated by Prof. J. B. Farmer, F.R.S., F.L.S.) (With
8 fiom.) "LRL apis acs inva ein rat nont hn hon n 32

See Notice on last page of Wrapper.

LONDON:

SOLD AT THE SOCIETY'S APARTMENTS, BURLINGTON HOUSE,
PICCADILLY, W.;
AND BY
LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO.,
AND
WILLIAMS AND NORGATE.
1904.

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.

LIST OF THE OFFICERS AND COUNCIL.
Elected 24th May, 1904.

PRESIDENT.
Prof. W. A. Herdman, D.Sc., F.R.S.

VICE-PRESIDENTS.

Frank Crisp, LL.B., B.A. Albert O. Seward, F.R.S.
Dr. A. Günther, F.R.S. Prof. S. H. Vines, F.R.S.
TREASURER.

Frank Crisp, LL.B., B.A.

1 SECRETARIES. E

D. H. Scott, M.A., Ph.D., F.R S. | Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing, M.A., F.R.S.
COUNCIL.

V. H. Blackman, M.A. Dr. W. G. Ridewood, F.Z.S.
Charles Baron Clarke, M.A., F.R.S. G. S. Saunders, F. E.S. .
Frank Crisp, LL.B., B.A. Dukinfield H. Scott, M.A., Ph.D.,
Prof. J. B. Farmer, M.A., D.Sc., E.R.S. F.R.S.
Dr. A. Günther, F.R.S. A. C. Seward, M.A., F.R.S.
Prof. W. A. Herdman, F.R.S. Dr: Otto Stapf.
E. Daydon Jackson, Esq. Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing, M.A., F.R.S.
F. G. Parsons, F.Z.5. Prof. Sydney H. Vines, D.Sc., F.R.8.

GENERAL SECRETARY.
B. Daydon Jackson, Esq. .

LIBRARIAN. CLERK.
A. W. Kappel. A. R. Hammond.

LIBRARY COMMITTEE,

This consists of nine Fellows (three of whom retire annually) and of the
officers ex officio; the former are elected annually by the Council in June,
and serve till the succeeding Anniversary. The Committee meets at 4 p.m.,
as required during the Session. The Members for 1904-1905, in addition to
the officers, are :—

Herbert Druce, F.Z.8. A. B. Rendle, M.A., D.Sc.
Antony Gepp, M.A. A. G. Tansley, M.A.

W. Botting Hemsley, F.R.S. Prof. H. Marshall Ward, F.R.S.
Dr. G. Henderson. Dr. A. Smith Woodward, F.R.S.

P. Chalmers Mitchell, M.A., F.Z.S.

THE
JOURNAL

OF

THE LINNEAN SOCIETY.

30 TA N Y.

VOL. XXXVII.

LONDON:
SOLD AT THE SOCIETY'S APARTMENTS, BURLINGTON HOUSE,
PICCADILLY, W.,
AND BY
LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO.,
AND
. WILLIAMS AND NORGATE.
1904-1906,

Dates of Publieation of the several Numbers included in this Volume.

No. 251, pp. l- 50, published November 1, 1904.
» 258, » 51-115, » July 1, 1905.
», 259, » 116-274, » September 30, 1905.
» 200, » 275-882, " July 23, 1906.
» 261, » 923-400, » October 18, 1906.
» 203, „ 407-544, Index, Title-page, and Contents,
published November 1, 1906.

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,

RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET,

LIST OF PAPERS.

Page
Baker, EpMunp GILBERT, F.L.S., Spencer Le MARCHANT

Moonz, F.L.S., and ALFRED Barton ReNDLE, D.Sc., F.L.S.
The Botany of the Anglo-German Uganda Boundary Commission.
(Plates1-4)......... see een n nn etna 116

Baker, Joun GILBERT, F.R.S., F.L.S.
A Revised Classification of Roses, 1905 ...... 0.0 eee eee eee 70

Brown, A. F., Director of Woods and Forests in the Soudan.
Some Notes on the “ Sudd "-Formation of the Upper Nile.
(Communicated by C. H. Wright, A.L.S) .... esee 51

Brown, RosgnT N. RupMoss, B.Sc.
The Botany of Gough Island. (Communicated by W. Botting
Hemsley, F.R.S., F.L.S.)

I, Phanerogams and Ferns. (Plates 7-9 and fig.). . .... 238
II. Cryptogams (excluding Ferns and Unicellular Algz).
With C. H. Wrigut and O. V. DARBISHIRE ...... 263

CLARKE, CHARLES Baron, F.R.S., F.L.S.
List of the Carices of Malaya ...... een n 6n 1

—— See STAPF, O.

COTTON, ARTHUR DissnowE, F.L.S., Assistant, Herbarium, Royal
Botanic Gardens, Kew.
On some Endophytic Algæ. (Plate 12)....... sss 288

Page
Darpisnire, Orro Vernon. See Brown, R.N. R.
Dawe, Monrzy Tromas,
Notes on the Vegetation of Buddu and the Western and Nile
Provinces of the Uganda Protectorate. (Communicated by
Dr. Otto Stapf, FLAS.) oe ccc eee eee ees 533
——-— See STAPF, O.
DRABBLR, Eric, D.Sc., F.L.S.
Some Bicarpellary Beans (with 6 figures) ...........-..0005. 17
FARMER, Jour DngrLAND, F.R.S., F.L.S. See WALLER, A. D.
Ginss, Miss Lintan Suzette, F.L.S.
A Contribution to the Botany of Southern Rhodesia. (Plates
17-20) ........ DEMNM MM 495

GipsoN, Rosert J, Harvey, M.A., F.L.S.
The Axillary Scales of Aquatie Monocotyledons. (Plates 5 & 6). 998

Groves, Henry, F.L.S., and James Groves, F.L.S.
On Characeæ from the Cape Peninsula collected by Major A.

H. Wolley-Dod, R.A. (Plate 1) ................s ee eee 985
Groves, JAMES, F.L.S. See Groves, HENRY.
llanes, Henry HaskErroor, F.L,S,

On two new Species of Populus from Darjeeling. (With

figures) ee eee ec eee hai 407
TTavata, Bunzo.

On Taiwania,a new Genus of Conifers from the Island of
Formosa, (Plate 16.) (Communicated by Maxwell T.
Masters, M.D., F.R.S, F.L.S.) oonan anana EEEE 330

HEMSLEY, WILLIAM Borrina, F.R.S., F.L.S. See Brown, R.N. R.
HooxER, Sir Josepa Darton, G.C.S.L, F.R.S., F.L.S.

On the Species of Impatiens in the Wallichian Herbarium of

the Linnean Society ........ TP MS 22
Ik RANZLIN, Fivz, Ph.D.

Cyrtaudracesie Malayaneæ insularis nove. (Communicated by

Dr. Otto Stapf, ELS) i. sisi 275

Masters, MaxwELL Typex, M.D., F.R.S., F.L.3.
Notes on the Genus Widdringtonia ........... esse. ees 267
A Correction of Widdringtonia equisetiformis to Callitris

robusta a.nns ce cee cc ee eee eee eee a ue th een 332
On the Conifers of China ....... llle 410

—-— See Hayara, B.

MoonxE, Spencer Le Marcuant, F.L.5.
A Second Contribution to the Flora of Africa.—Rubiacew and
Composite. II. (Plates 13-15) ............00. 02200000. 208

—— See BAKER, E. G., and others.

PRAIN, Davin, Lieut.-Col., I.M.S., F.R.S., F.L.S.
Mansonie&, a new Tribe of the Natural Order Sterculiacex.
(Plate 10). . ., .. aeaaeae HMM 250

RENDLE, ALFRED Barton, D.Sc., F.L.S. See BAKER, E. G.,
and others.

RoLFE, ROBERT ALLEN, A.L.S. See STAPF, O.
, ) )
SPRAGUE, THOMAS ARCHIBALD, B.Sc., F.L.S. See STAPF, O.

Srapr, Orro, Ph.D., F.L.S.
Contributicns to the Flora of Liberia ................ sese 79

—— Plante Nove Daweane in Uganda lecte. In collaboration
with T. A. SPnAGUvE, B.Sc, F.L.S.,, R. A. ROLFE, A.L.S.,
C. B. CLARKE, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., M. T. Dawn, and C. H.
Wmnianr, A.L.S.; and with an Appendix by M. T. Dawe.
(Plates 21-22, and Map) .......... eese 495

Turcuer, WILLIAM JAMES, P.L.S.
Descriptions of some New Species, and Notes on other Chinese
Plants oo eee n Hasen 58

WALLER, AUGUSTUS DESIRÉ, M.D., F.R.S.
On the Blaze-Currents of Vegetable Tissues: a Week's holiday
with a Galvanometer and some Plants. (Communicated by
Prof. J. B. Farmer, F.R.S., F.L.S.) (8 figures)... 32

vi

Page
WorLEv-Dop, Major ANTHONY Ilurt. See Groves, HENRY.

WoopneapD, THomas WiiiraM, F.L.S.
Ecology of Woodland Plants in the Neighbourhood of Hudders-
field. (With 70 figures) 0.2... .. 6 cece eee n nn 333

WRIGHT, CHARLES Henry, A.LS. See Broun, A. F.

—— See Brown, R. N. R.

LIST OF THE ‘PLATES,

1. TRIMERIA MACROPIIYLLA, Baker f.
STYASASIA AFRICANA, S. Moore.
EnvrTuüRococca Paxu, Rendle.
Hemantnus RApcLIFFEI, Rendle.

oor WD

‘. | AXILLARY SCALES of AQUATIC MONOCOTYLEDONS.

. Gover IsLAND.

VEGETATION on Govan ISLAND.

. QOorvLA coucusnsis, R. N. R. Dr.
10. Mansonia Gacr, J. R. Drumm.

11. Cnuana ranYGLocuis, H. & J. Groves.
12. Enpopuytic ALGE.

13. POLYSPHÆRIA ZOMBENSIS, S. Moore.
ls Bempycopium ATüANASLE, Kunze.
B. SPHENOGYNE BRACHYLOBA, Kunze.

15. DICOMA RADIATA, Less.
16. TarwaNiA CRYPTOMERIOIDES, Hayata.
17. VEGETATION at VicroRiA FALLS.

oon

19. | Vegetation of Maroro HrLrs.

21. WanRBURGIA UGANDENSIS, Sprague.
22. BarsauxociTRUS Dawzi, Stapf.
23. Mar to illustrate Mn. Dawz's Journey.

ERRATA.

Page 20, line 50, for Hausemannia read Hansemannia.
» 90, „ 5 from bottom, for Juspia read Jurpia.
» 60, „ 28, for alternata read attenuata,
» 72, , 6 from bottom, for WATSONINIANA read W ATSONIANA.
» "4, „ 8 from bottom, for piscicarpa read pisocarpa.
, 81, , 21, for Tetraceras read Tetracera.

191, ,, 15, for SorunEA read Sorun1A.

» 192, , 9 (the same correction).

„ 243, lines 8 & 9, for coronifolia read coronopifolia,

275, line 14, for parvifolia read parviflora,

» 292, ,, 31, for Jardinianwm read Jadinianum.

295, ,, 8, for lacertum read /aceratum.

296, lines 18 & 14, for parasiticus, Sauv., read parasiticum, De Toni.
„ 826, line 21, for AuTUNESII read ANTUNESH.

Plate 9, headline, for Bruce read Brown,

-

THE JOURNAL

OF

THE LINNEAN SOCIETY.

| /
List of the CanrcEs of Malaya. By C. B. Cr&fxz, F.L.S.
(Read 3rd March, 1904.]

Tuis List comprises all the species of Carex known to me from
Malaya, with short diagnoses of those considered new. By
“ Malaya ” is understood the Archipelago from Sumatra to the
Philippines and New Guinea, together with the Malay and
Tonkin Peninsulas. The material used is that in the Kew
Herbarium. Dr. A. Zahlbruckner, of the Vienna Hofmuseum,
to whom I was introduced by Dr. O. Stapf, kindly sent for my
examination several types of Zollinger, of great value for estab-
lishing the names of Zollinger and Miquel. I regret that I have
not been able to make any use of the fine collection in the
British Museum. To avail myself of these, I must have trans-
ported the whole of my MSS. thither ; and it would have taken me
more time than I can give to work out the specific names of the
critical species from my own technical descriptions. Further,
Ido not think it would have strengthened this paper to have
added such determinations; I should not have felt sure enough
of the exact agreement of the plants. It would of course have
been different if I could have laid the plants side by side, when
the identification would have been more certain as well as more
speedy.

The Malay Carex consists (here) of 54 species; of which 36,
LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII. v

2 MR, C. B. CLARKE ON

including all the new ones (11), belong to one subgenus, Cari-
candra. This subgenus includes, in the World, 125 species ; of
these, 19 recede from the usual habit of the subgenus by the
stem having only 1-5 spikes; these 19 show affinities to species
in various other subgenera of Carex. The main, typical, Cari-
candre, 106 in number, with numerous spikes, sometimes called
the Section “ Indice,” form a natural group of species, very
homogeneous, and therefore very difficult to separate into species.
They are an essentially Tropical group, of which 77 occur in
South-east Asia, 16 in Tropical Africa, 13 in Tropical America ;
there is no Carex in Palearctica or Nearctica that can be com-
pared with them ; the culm bears numerous (10-200) spikes.

In the Flora of British India, the group Indice contains
52 species out of a total of 142 Carew in India. That the Malay
Flora should possess 36 species of Indice, out of a total of 54
Carex, is therefore what might have been expected. The group
Indies, however, becomes much scarcer in China, and only a few
reach Japan, where other sections of Carex abound.

The Central American and Tropical African species of the
group Indies are so closely allied structurally to the South-east
‘Asiatic, that I have not found it possible to give absolute diag-
noses to distinguish them ; thus Boott made a Madagascar plant
conspecific with Carew bengalensis, Roxb. At the same time, I
do not find that the closely-allied Carea of this group from
different continents match; I have therefore treated these species
geographically. Several of the species described below as new
were catalogued in Dr. Stapf's Kinabalu plants (Trans. Linn.
Soc. ser. 2, Bot. vol. iv. [1893] p. 246) by me under old names : the
corrections in the present paper are attempts to define geo graphic
subspecies as species; that is to say, the Kinabalu Carex (group
Indies) do not exactly match the closely-allied Indian.

The group Hemiscapose, as to the plants typieally belonging
to it, appears very plainly defined; there are at the very base
and on the sterile tufts long, well-developed leaves; the stems
have the peduncle-holding bracts short, and the stem-leaves, if
any, are similar to and hardly longer than the bracts. Many
species are thus definitely hemi-seapose. But the character in
many other species is less marked, and we have finally a large
number of species which may be put in some other group alto-
gether or may be attached to the Hemiscapose. Dr. Theodore
Holm believes that he is always able to locate the species in its

THE CARICES OF MALAYA. 3

true affinity when he is able to cultivate it for a few seasons;
but this does not help the arrangement of Carex in a large
herbarium.

I have run out this list short, and have eited (mainly) new
synonyms only, not those which have been cited before. One
ofthe most curious is Carex glaucescens, Elliott, a plant of the
South-east United States, which belongs to a section that always
has a trifid style. Boott, however, says (Carex, pp. 89°& 90)
that it has occasionally a bifid style. The American authors
also say it has a trifid or bifid style. I found the example with
bifid style in herb. Boott, collected at the Isle of Pines, with a
note by Boott that the Isle of Pines is close to Cuba. But
this sheet was colleeted by Milne in the Isle of Pines near New
Caledonia, and is totally unlike the American C. glaucescens,
Elliott. In C. glaucescens the style is always trifid, in C. phacodes,
Spreng., it is always bifid.

CoNsPECTUS of the MALAY CAREX.

Subgenus I. VIGNEANDRA. Style bifid. Spikes (many of
them) female at base, male at top.
Sect. A. BnEvIsPICX. Spikes less than 4 in. long.
l. C. Thomsoni. 2. C. nubigena.
Sect. B. LowarsPrcz. Spikes linear-lanceolate, an inch
long or more.
3. C. brunnea. 4. C. Graeffeana.

Subgenus II. VIGNEGYNE. Style bifid. Spikes (many of
them) male at base, female at top.
Sect. 1. Remora. Spikes sessile, less than 2 in. long.
5. C. alta. 6. C. remota.
Sect. 2. Cernuz. Spikes peduncled, 1-14 in. long.
7. C. cernua.

Subgenus III. EUVIGNEA. Style bifid. Terminal spike wholly
male.
a. Female glumes muticous.
8. C. Gaudichaudiana.
b. Female glumes aristellate.
9. C. phacodes. 10. C. pruinosa.

Subgenus 1V. CARICIMIA. Style trifid. Stem with one
spike only.
ll. C. rara. 12. C. capillacea.
n2

4 MR. C. B. CLARKE ON

Subgenus V. CARICANDRA. Style trifid. Terminal spike (and
often many others) male at top, female at base (no spikes
male at base, female at top).

Sect. A. HEMIscAPOsE. Flowering stems scapiform, with
short (or no) leaves; the basal leaves, and those on

sterile tufts, often very long.

13. C. scaposa. 14. C. eryptostachys.
Sect. B. Ponystacuex. Stems not scapiform, with 10-200
spikes.

* Brevispicz. Spikes short, rarely up to 10-15 mm. long.
+ Stramentitie. Spikes straw-coloured.
15. C. indica. 16. C. Dietrichie. 17. C. stra-
mentitia. 18. C. repanda. 19. C. perakensis.
20. C. malaccensis.
Tt Cruciate. Spikes not straw-coloured.
21. C. cruciata. 22. C. gembolensis. 23. C. Raffle-
siana. 24. C. scaberrima. 25. C. fuirenoides.
26. C. Horsfieldit. 27. C. Balansai.
28. C. Cumingii.
ttt Filicine. Spikes not straw-coloured, rather slenderer
than in Tt Cruciate.
29. O. filicina. 30. C. continua. 31. C. spatiosa.
32. C. neo-guinensis. 33. C. saturata.
94. C. rhizomatosa.
** Longispice. Spikes linear-cylindrie, more than 2 em.
long.
a. Peduncles (some) 2 or more from one bract-sheath.
35. C.arridens. 36. C. hypsophila. 37. C. Havi-
landi. 38. C. turrita. 39. C. sumatrensis.
b. Peduncle never more than one from each bract-
sheath.
40. C. baccans. 41. C. curvirostris. | 42. C. ton-
kinensis. 43. C. composita.
Sect. C. OnrcosrAcuy;. Stems not scapiform, with 1-5
(rarely 8) spikes.
a. Psilosacce. Utricles glabrous.
44. C. borneensis. 45. C. speciosa.

f. Trichosacee. Utricles hairy.
46. C. Loheri. 47. C. madoerensis.

48. C. longibracteata.

THE CARICES OF MALAYA. 5

Subgenus VI. PROPRIA. Style trifid. Terminal spike wholly
male.
a. Utricles glabrous.
49. C. olivacea. 50. C. Jackiana. 51. C. tumida.
52. C. Pseudocyperus.
5. Utricles hairy.
53. breviculmis. 54. C. Wallichiana.

Subgenus I. VrGNEANDRA.

1. Carex Tuomsont, Boott, Carex, i. (1858) p. 1. t. 1; Franch.
én Nouv. Arch. Mus. Par. sér. 3, viii. (1896) pp. 212, 239
(Thompsoni).

Tonkin; Balansa n. 2820.

Distrib. North-east India. Ichang.

2. CanEX NUBIGENA, D. Don, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. (1825)
p. 326.
Distrib. From Cabul to Ceylon, Yunnan and Japan.

Var. (3. fallax ; stricta, culmo 4-6 dm. longo; foliis in sicco
arcte convolutis; inflorescentiá 12 mm. longá, 8-10 mm. lata,
pyramidali, densi; bracteá inferiore 3-4 cm. longá, suberecta ;
utriculo in rostrum subito angustato, in parte superiore interdum
a glandulis consperso ; rostro lineari, basi lineari-conico, in mar-
ginibus scabro subserrulato.

C. fallax (sp.), Steud. in Zoll. Verz. Ind. Archip. ii. p. 60, Cyp. p. 189;
Maiq. Fl. Nederl. Ind. ii. p. 847; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxix. (1875) p. 57.

C. pterolepta, Franch. in Nouv. Arch, Mus. Par. sér. 3, viii. (1896)
pp. 215, 239.

Java; alt. 1750 metr. Zollinger n. 2554 fide Miquel; sine
habitat, Kurz (in hb. Kew).

Distrib. Yunnan.

3. CAREX BRUNNEA, Thunb. Fl. Jap. (1784) p. 38; Drake, Fl.
Ins. Pacif. p. 336; Hook. f. in Trimen, Fl. Ceylon, v. p. 108;
Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. sér. 3, viii. (1896) pp. 241, 259.

Celebes ; alt. 2500-3000 meir., Everett n. 38.

Distrib. Masearenia, India, China, Japan, Australia, Poly-
nesia to the Sandwich Islands ; a common plant.

4. CAREX GRAEFFEANA, Boeck.! in Flora, lviii. (1875) p. 123.
Ins. Philippine; Benguet, Loher n. 699.
Distrib. Samoa.

6 MR. C. B. CLARKE ON

Subgenus IJ. Vrenrcyne.

5. Carex ALTA, Boott, in Proc. Linn. Soc. i. (1845) p. 254;
Carex, p. 59, t. 153.

C. Brizopyrum, Kwnze, Suppl. Schkuhr, p. 169, t. 43.

Java; Horsfield n. 10, Forbes nn. 1110, 1120.

Distrib. North-east India; and a var. (Rochebruni, Franchet)
in Japan.

6. Carex REMOTA, Linn. Aman. Acad. iv. (1759) p. 298; Sp.
Pl. ed. 2, p. 1383.

Common in the cool North Temperate Zone of the Old World,
extending to Sitka and Japan.

Var. Rochebruni, C. B. Clarke, in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vi.
p. 706 (syn. Franch. et Savat. excl.).

Java; Zollinger n. 3192.

Distrib. Abundant in the Himalaya; also in China.

7. CAREX CERNUA, Boott, Carex, iv. (1867) p. 171, t. 578, non
Franchet.

C. lobolepis, F. Muell.! Fragm. Phyt. Austral. viii. p. 258.

C. phacota, Franch, in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Par. sér. 3, ix. (1897)
pp. 117, 158, non. Spreng.

Tonquin; Balansa nn. 221, 2826.

Distrib. North-east India, China, Japan. New South Wales.

Subgenus III. EuviGNEA.

8. Carex GavunricHaUDIANA, Kunth, Enum. Pl. i. (1837)
p. 417 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. p. 99, t. 151 a.

C. vulgaris, var. Gaudichaudiana, Boott, Carex, p. 169 partim.

C. esespitosa, R. Brown, Prodr. p. 242.

C. contracta, F. Muell. Fragm. Phyt. Austral. viii. p. 258.

Neo-Guinea ; Guilianetti et English.

Distrib. Australia. New Zealand.

9. CAREX PHACODES, Spreng. Syst. ii. (1826) p. 826, errore
typogr. phacota; Boott, Carex, i. (1858) p. 683, t. 168; Franch.
in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Par. sér. 3, ix. (1897) p. 117 pro parva parte;
Hook. f. in Trimen, Flora Ceylon, v. p. 104.

C. lenticularis, D. Don, in Trans. Linn. Soc, xiv. (1825) p. 331, non
Michaux.

C. platycarpa, Steud. Cyp, p. 214.

THE CARICES OF MALAYA. 7

C. rubro-brunea, Franch.! in Nouv. Arch, Mus. Par. sér. 3, ix. (1897)
pp. 123, 159, non C. B. Clarke.

C. glaucescens, Boott! Carex, p. 89, quoad exempla stylo 2-fido.

(The name “ phacodes” is a translation merely by Sprengel of
* Jenticularis.")

Java; Horsfield, H. O. Forbes n. 426.

Distrib. Cape of Good Hope. India. China. Japan. Poly-

nesia.

10. Carex PRUINOSA, Boott, in Proc. Linn. Soc. i. (1845)
p. 255; Carez, p. 65, t. 174.

C. pruinosa, var. B. picta, Boott, Carex, p. 198; Franch. in Nouv. Arch.
Mus. Par, sér. 3, ix. (1897) pp. 155, 162.

C. picta, Boott, in Mem. Amer. Acad. n. s. vi. (1859) p. 418.

C. dimorpholepis, Steud, Cyp. p. 214.

C. Maximowiezii, Mig. Ann. Mus. Lugd.- Bat. ii. p. 150.

Java; Horsfield.

Distrib. Khasia. China. Japan.

Subgenus IV. CARICIMIA.

11. CAREX RaRA, Boott, in Proc. Linn. Soc. i. (1845) p. 284,
Carex, p. 44, t. 109; Hook. f. in Trimen, Fl. Ceylon, v. p. 105;
Stapf, in Trans. Linn. Soe. ser. 2, Bot. iv. (1894) p. 246.

Borneo; Kinabalu, alt. 3500 metr., Haviland n. 1393.

Distrib. Ceylon. North-east India.

12. CAREX CAPILLACEA, Boott, Carex, i. (1858) p. 44 t. 110;
Benth. Fl. Austral. vii. pp. 486, 437 ; Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus.
Par. sér. 8, viii. (1896) pp. 197, 209 (synn. C. nana, C. onta-
kensi excl.); Meinsh. in Act. Hort. Petrop. xvii. (1901)
pp. 286, 316 partim.

C. capitellata, Boiss. FI. Orient. v. p. 399.

C. simplicissima, F. Muell. Fragm. Phyt. Austral. ix. p. 191.

Ins. Philippine; Benguet, Loher n. 705.

Distrib. South-east Asia, extending to Lazistan, Sachalin, and
New South Wales.

Subgenus V. CARICANDRA.

13. Carex scaposa, Hook. f. Bot. Mag. cxiii. (1887) t. 6940
Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Par. sér. 3, viii. (1896) pp. 255, 260.
Distrib. China.

8 MR. C. B. CLARKE ON

Var. B. baviensis, Franch. ! in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Par. sér. 3,
viii. (1896) p. 255.
Tonkin ; Mons Bavi, alt. 800 metr., Balansa n. 2815.

14. CAREX CRYPTOSTACHYS, Brongn. in Duperrey, Voy.
Coquille, (1829) p. 152, t. 25; C. cyrtostachys, C. B. Clarke, in
Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vi. p. 714, errore typogr.

Penang; Wallich n. 3383. Perak; alt. 1000 metr., hb. King
n. 8517. Singapore; Ridley n. 1720.

Tonkin; Balansa nn. 2822, 2823. Java; Zollinger, fide
Miquel.

Distrib. Also in Hongkong and Waigiou.

15. Carex INDICA, Linn. Mant. alt. (1771) p. 574; nee Kunth
nec Nees.

C. Moritzii, Steud.! in Zoll. Verz. Ind. Archip. Heft 2, p. 60, Cyp.
p.207; Mig. Fl. Nederl. Ind. iii. p. 350; J. Schmidt, in Bot, Tidsskr.
xxiv. (1901) p. 38.

Trang; Kunstler n. 1883. Penang; alt. 250 metr., hb. King
n. 1496. Kedah; alt. 750 metr., Ridley n. 5147.

Java; Zollinger n. 318. Cochinchina; Pierre n. 1881.

Var. B. lete-brunnea, C. B. Clarke, in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind.
vi. p. 715, in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xxxiv. (1898) p. 115.

C. indica, Boott, Carex, ii. (1860) p. 87, t. 251; Boeck. in Linnea, xl.
(1876) p. 347 partim ; Hook. f. in Trimen, Fl. Ceylon, vi. pp. 102, 108.

C. bengalensis, Thwaites! Enum. Pl. Zeyl. p. 355 partim.

C. longi-aristata, Kurz, in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlv. pars 2 (1876)
p. 160.

C. Thwaitesii, Boott ! MS.

C. fissilis, Boott ! MS. partim.

Pahang; Ridley n. 2145. Johore; Ridley n. 4099.

Distrib. Ceylon. Tenasserim.

16. Carex Dretricurx, Boeck.! in Flora, lviii. (1875) p. 122.

C. indica, Linn., var. B., Boott, Carex, ii. (1860) p. 87, t. 254.

C. indica, Linn., var Milnei, C. B. Clarke, in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vi.
p. 715.

C. fuirenoides, Boott, Carex, ii. (1860) p. 156, non Gaudich.

C. Milnei, Boott! MS.

C. dispar, Boott! MS.

Pahang; Ridley n.21434. Borneo; Beccari n. 2741. North
Borneo; Creagh.

Distrib. Queensland. Polynesia.

THE CARICES OF MALAYA. 9

17. CAREX STRAMENTITIA, Boeck. in Linnea, xl. (1876) p. 351.
Tonkin ; Balansa n. 2819.
Distrib. Assam. Chota Nagpore. Himalaya, west to Nepaul.

18. Carex nEPANDA, C. B. Clarke, in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind.
vi. (1894) p. 720.
Khasia.

Var. (. émplumis ; paniculis partialibus pluribus evolutis,
apertis, compositis, polystachyis.

There are here no ripe examples of this plant, which may be a
new species.

Perak; alt. 75 metr., Wray n. 1982.

Distrib. Also in Yunnan.

19. Carex PERAKENSIS, C. B. Clarke, in Hook. f. Fl. Brit.
Ind. vi. (1894) p. 720.
Perak; Wray. Selangor; Ridley.

20. Carex MALACCENSIS, C. B. Clarke, in Hook. f. Fl. Brit.
Ind. vi. (1894) p. 722.
Langkawi; Ridley n. 1669.

21. Carex CRUCIATA, Wahlenb. in Vet.- Akad. Stockh. Handi.
xxiv. (1803) p. 149, non Nees; Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus.
Par. sér. 3, viii. (1896) pp. 253, 260.

C. bengalensis, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. p. 572; Benth. Fl. Hongk. p. 401.

C. valida, Nees, in Wight Contrib. p. 123.

C. indica, Munro, in Seem. Voy. * Herald,’ p. 423, non Linn.

C. indica, “ forma altera," Hook. f.! in Trimen, Fl. Ceylon, vi. p. 109
in Obs.

C. vacua, Boeck. in Linnea, xl. (1876) p. 343 partim ; Boott! MS.

C. Bruceana, Boott! MS. ; cf. Boott, Carez, ii. (1860) p. 85.

C. stramentitia, Franch. in Bull. Soc. Philom. sér. 8, vii. (1895) p. 33,
fide Franchet, non Boott.

C. condensata, Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Par. sér. 3, vii. (1896)
p. 252; Boott! MS.

C. canaliculata, Boott MS.

Perak ; alt. 150 metr., hb. King n. 1906.

Distrib. India (common). Madagascar. Formosa.

Var. f). argocarpus, C. B. Clarke, in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vi.
p. 716.
C. benghalensis, Boott,Carex,ii. (1860) p. 85, pro magná parte tt. 240-242,

10 MR. C. B. CLARKE ON

Carex vacua, Boott MS. partim.

C. condensata, Boott MS. partim.
Tonkin; Balansa nn. 2816, 2817.
Distrib. Assam to Nepaul, common.

22. CAREX GEMBOLENSIS, sp. nova; utriculis 2-23 mm. longis,
copiose (stepe usque ad basin) hispido-pilosis, enervatis aut fere
enervatis ; ezeteroquin ut C. filicina, Nees.

C. Rafllesiana ?, Joott ! MS.

Panicule partiales 5-6, pyramidales ; pedunculi usque ad 10-
14 em. longi, interdum geminati. Spiee 8-10 mm. longs, basi
2-5-nucigere, plures apice masculo. Utriculi ellipsoidei trigoni,
paullo eurvati, in rostrum lineari-conieum angustati.

Java; prov. Modjokerto, Mt. Gembolo 4300', Zollinger, ser. 2,
n. 7.

Var. B. timorensis; inflorescentiá debiliore, laxá ; paniculis
partialibus 5 em. longis, 3 em. latis, admodum laxis.
Timor; alt. 1000 metr., F. Newton.

23. Carex RAFFLESIANA, Boott! in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx.
(1846) p. 132, Carex, i. (1858) p. 12, t. 33, var. B incl.

Java; Horsfield; Mt. Tidjeng 2000', Zollinger, Forbes n. 785.

Celebes ; Minahassa, Koorders nn. 16674 6, 16669 £.

Var. B. tenuior; magis attenuata, foliis angustioribus, paniculis
partialibus lineari-lanceolatis ; utriculis fere glabratis aut in
rostro parcius pilosis.

C. virgata, Mig. Fl. Nederl. Ind. iii. (1856-9) p. 351, neque Hook. f.
(1853).

C. bengalensis, var. 8. virgata, Boeck.! in Linnea, xl. (1876) p. 347.

C. vesiculosa ? Boott! MS.

Java; Mt. Tidjen, alt. 1750 metr. Zollinger. Sumatra;
alt. 2750 metr., Forbes n. 2389. Ins. Molucca; Ternate, alt.
1000 metr., Moseley.

24. CAREX SCABERRIMA, sp. nova; inflorescentià 45 cm. longa,
4 cm. latá ; panieulis partialibus usque ad 8 cm. longis, 15 mm.
latis, compositis, ramis ramulisque erectis hispide pilosis ; spi-
carum fasciculis pernumerosis, congestis; spicis innumerosis,
parvis.

C. bengalensis, var. y. scaberrima, Boeck, ! in Linnea, xl. (1876) p. 347.

Peduneuli usque ad 10-15 em. longi, interdum geminati.

Luzon; Albany, Cuming n. 936.

THE CARICES OF MALAYA. 11

25. CAREX FUIRENOIDES, Gaudich.! in Freycinet, Voy. (1826)
p. 412; Kunth, Enum. Pl. ii. p. 508 ; non Boott, Carez, iv. (1867)
t. 507.

C. fibrata, Vidal! Phanerog. Cuming Philipp. p. 67, Pl. Vasc, Filip.
p. 286; Boott! MS.

C. indica, var. bengalensis, F. Muell.! Fragm. Phytogr. Austral. viii.
p 2949. |

C. fissilis, Benth.! Fl, Austral. vii. p. 441, non Boott.

Ins. Philippine ; Cebu, Cuming n. 1764; Merrill n. 109.

Distrib. Queensland. Ins. Marianne.

96. Carex HonsrrELDII, Boott! in Proc. Linn. Soc. i. (1845)
. 257, Carex, i. (1858) p. 11, t. 32; Mig. Fl. Nederl. Ind. iii.
p. 949.

Java; Horsfield.

ge

27. Carex BALANSAIL Franch.! in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Par.
sér. 3, viii. (1896) pp. 258, 260.
Tonkin; Mt. Raui, Balansa n. 2828.

28. Carex CUMINGII, Vidal! Phanerog. Cuming (1885) p. 156,
Pl. Vase. Filip. p. 286, non Boott.

Robusta. Folia usque ad 16 mm. lata. Inflorescentia 35 em.
longa, stricta; panicule partiales 4, remote, 5-6 cm. longe,
oblongo-lineares. Spice 7-10 mm. longs, ovoidem. Utriculi
(rostro incluso) 3-32 mm. longi, ovales, trigoni, multinervati,
pilosi, rostrum eum 4 parte utriculi vix equilongum.

Luzon; Albany, Cuming n. 1408. Luzon Central; Loher
nn. 704, 712.

29. CAREX Fitictna, Nees! in Wight, Contrib. (1834) p. 123;
Boott, Carex, iii. (1862) p. 105 (varr. a, y), tt. 311, 312; Franch.
in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Par. sér. 3, viii. (1896) pp. 254, 260; Hook.
J. in Trimen, Fl. Ceylon, v. pp. 102, 110.

C. cruciata, Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. p. 355 partim.

Java; Horsfield n. 29; Gedeh, Usteri n. 214.

Luzon Central; Loher n. 707 B.

Distrib. India. China. A common species.

30. Carex continua, C. B. Clarke, in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind.
vi. (1894) p. 717.

C. Bruceana, Boott! MS. partim.

Luzon Central; Loher nn. 707, 708, 709, 710.

Distrib. Yunnan, Sikkim. Nepaul.

12 MR. C. B. CLARKE ON

91. CAREX sPATIOSA, Boott! Carex, i. (1858) p. 86; ii. (1860)
p- 246; Boeck. in Linnea, xl. (1876) p. 349.
Cochin- China ; Gaudichaud.

Var. B. bogorensis ; utriculis ovoideis; rostro cum 4-3 parte
utrieuli &quilongo, scabro.

C. indica, Mig. Fl. Nederl. Ind. iii. p. 350, non Linn.

Xerotes latifolia, Hasskarl, MS.

Java; fide Miquel. (I have seen the example ** Hort. Bogor.”
of S. Kurz.)

32. CAREX NEO-GUINENSIS, sp. nova; paniculis partialibus in
spicas compositas rigidas, oblongas congestis; utriculis (rostro
incluso) 3 mm. longis, quam ei C. Lindleyane gracilioribus ;
ceteroquin fere ut C. Lindleyana, Nees. Culmi 5-8 dm. longi.
Folia 5 mm. lata. Panicule partiales e. 5, 3 cm. longe, 8 mm.
late, rubre. Utriculi oblongo-ellipsoidei, glabri, rubentes ;
rostrum cum 3-7 parte utrieuli equilongum, in marginibus
hispidum, dentibus 2 longis lineari-lanccolatis.

Neo-Guinea ; Guilianetti et English.

33. CAREX SATURATA, sp. nova; paniculis partialibus 3-4,
late oblongis, 6 cm. longis, 24 mm. latis, perdensis, saturate
sanguineo-purpureis ; spicis 10-14 mm. longis, basi fremineis;
utriculis (rostro incluso) 3-32 mm. longis, ellipsoideis, glabris ;
rostro eum utrieulo fere equilongo, lineari, glabro.

C. filicina, O. Stapf, in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. iv. (1893) p. 246.

Folia 1 cm. lata. Glume fomines saturate rubro-purpuree.
Utriculi purpureo-maculati.

Borneo; Kinabalu, alt. 3000 metr., Haviland n. 1402.

34. CAREX RHIZOMATOSA, Steud. in Zoll. Verz. Ind. Archip.
Heft 2 (1854) p. 60, Cyp. p. 206 ; Mig. Fl. Nederl. Ind. iii. p. 348;
Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Par. sér. 3, viii. (1896) p. 256.

C. Cumingiana, Steud. Cyp. p. 206; Boott, Carex, iii. (1862) p. 107, tt. 324,
325; Boeck, in Linnea, xl. (1876) p. 367 ; Vidal, Pl. Vase. Filip. p. 286.

C. capitulata, Boott! MS.

Tonkin; Balansa n. 3824. Sumbawa; Zollinger n. 3447 fide
Steudel.

Ins. Philippine; Negros Ins., Cuming n. 1795.

Distrib. Assam. Burma.

THE CARICES OF MALAYA. 13

35. CAREX ARRIDENS, Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vi. (1894)
p. 726.

Larut-Perak ; alt. 900 metr., Kunstler (hb. King n. 2801).

Distrib. Pegu.

36. CAREX HYPSOPHILA, Mig.! Fl. Nederl. Ind. iii. (1859)
p. 394.

C. tartarea, Ridley, in Journ. Bot. xxiii. (London, 1885) pp. 3

* C. decore affinis nisi eadem," Boott, MS. in Miquelii typo.

Pedunculi ex unica bracteá sspe plures, Folia breviuscula,
6 mm. lata.

Sumatra; alt. 2750 metr., Forbes n. 9444. Java; hb. Miquel;
Gedeh, Usteri n. 101 ; Buitenzorg, Usteri n. 102.

, 5.

97. Carex HaAVILANDI, sp. nova; foliis elongatis, 5 mm. latis ;
inflorescentia 18-stachyá, pedunculis 3-4-nim fasciculatis ; spicis
3-32 cm. longis, linearibus, castaneo-rubris, pluribus basi foemi-
neis apice masculis; utriculis (rostro incluso) 4 mm. longis,
gracile lanceolatis, fere glabris; rostro cum i parte utriculi
:quilongo, recto conico-lineari.

C. hypsophila, O. Stapf, in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. iv. (1893)
p. 246.

Borneo; Kinabalu, alt. 3250 metr., Haviland n. 1403.

38. CAREX TURRITA, sp. nova; inflorescentia 5 dm. longá, 40-
stachyà; pedunculo imo (interdum geminato) usque ad 14 em.
exserto, gracili, apice 3-5 spieas approximatas gerente; spicis
5-7 em. longis, linearibus, pluribus basi feemineis apice masculis,
bruneis, nutantibus ; utriculis (rostro incluso) 5 mm. longis,
ellipsoideo-lanceolatis, glabris ; rostro quam utriculus vix breviore,
conico-lineari, scabro.

Ins. Philippine; Benguet, Loher n. 700.

39. CAREX SUMATRENSIS, sp. nova; planta 7 dm. alta, 25-
stachya; folis 5 mm. latis; pedunculis inferioribus exsertis,
interdum fasciculatis ; spicis 5 cm. longis, linearibus, pluribus
basi foemineis apice masculis; utriculis rostro incluso 5 mm.
longis, anguste ellipsoideis, glabris; rostro cum utrieulo æqui-
longo, conico-lineari, scabro.

Spice in apice pedunculi plures approximate, Utriculi basi
attenuati, conspicue stipitati.

Sumatra; Mons Dempo, alt. 2570 metr., Forbes n. 2388.

14 MR. C. B. CLARKE ON

40. CAREX BAcOANS, Nees! in Wight, Contrib. (1884) p. 122;
Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Par. viii. (1896) p. 251; Hook. f.
Bot. Mag. t. 7288, in Trimen, Fl. Ceylon, v. pp. 102, 107.

Sumatra; Beccari n.21. Java; Horsfield, Goering. Cochin-
china; Gaudiehaud. Tonkin; Balansa n. 2813.

Luzon ; Loher nn. 706, 1948.

Distrib. North India. Formosa.

Var. B. siccifructus, C. B. Clarke, in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India, -
vi. p. 723.

Java; alt. 2000-2500 metr., Koorders.

Distrib. Khasia.

41. CAREX CURVIROSTRIS, Kunze, Suppl. Schkuhr (1840-50)
p. 79, t. 20.

C, recurvirostris, Steud. in Zoll. Verz. Ind. Archip. Heft 2, p. 60; Cyp.
p. 207.

Java; Zollinger.

42, CAREX TONKINENSIS, Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Par.
sér. 3, viii. (1896) p. 251.
Tonkin; Mons Bavi, 900 metr. alt., Balansa n. 2814.

43. CAREX COMPOSITA, Boott, Carex 1. (1858), p. 3, t. 8.
Java; Buitenzorg, Usteri n. 100.
Distrib. Assam.

44. CAREX BORNEENSIS, sp. nova; culmo 4 dm. longo, 6-stachyo ;
spicis 2 em. longis, lineari-lanceolatis, apice masculis basi remote
5-6-utriculigeris, utriculis (rostro incluso) 6 mm. longis, lineari-
lanceolatis, glabris; rostro eum 3 parte utriculi squilongo,
lineari, apice inflato scarioso in altero latere fisso.

C. fusiformis, O. Stapf, in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Dot. iv. (1894)
p. 246.

Folia 5 mm. lata. Spies virides ; pars mascula ferruginea.

Borneo; Kinabalu, alt. 3500 metr., Haviland n. 1404.

45. CAREX SPECIOSA, Kunth, Enum. Pl. ii. (1837) p. 504.

C. peduncularis, Wall. MS., List n. 3391.

C. grammocarpa, Sprengel MS. fide Miquel.

Borneo; Banjarmassing, Motley n. 1222.

Distrib. From South Madras to Nepaul and Assam, frequent.

46. Carex LoHERI, sp. nova; culmis 1-3 dm. longis, per-
tenuibus, 3-l-stachyis ; spicis 7-12 mm, longis, ellipsoideis,

THE CARICES OF MALAYA. 15

apice masculis, basi paucinucigeris; utriculis ellipsoideis, tri-
quetris, undique pilosulis, basi stipitatis, apice in r. ..um
longiusculum oblongum attenuatis.

Folia 4 mm. lata, in facie inferiore glandulosa. Spice virides;
apex masculus viridis. Glume fæmineæ utrieulis breviores,
ims autem apice elongate interdum bracteiformes. Utriculi
5-6 mm. longi.

Ins. Philippine ; Benguet, Loher nn. 701, 702, 703; Luzon
Central, Morong n. 708 bis.

47. CAREX MADOERENSIS, sp. nova; eulmis 20-25 cm. longis,
3-7-stachyis; spicis omnibus sessilibus, 8-10 mm. longis, apice
masculis basi paucinucigeris; utriculis ovalibus, apice angus-
tatis, undique densius pilosis; rostro cum 3 parte utriculi
sequilongo.

Folia 5-6 mm. lata. Utriculi 4 mm. longi, fusce virides, basi
obpyramidales. Rostri brevis dentes 2 lineari-lanceolati.

Java; ins. Madoera, Zollinger n. 1778 (in herb. Wien).

48. CAREX LONGIBRACTEATA, Steud. in Zoil. Verz. Ind. Archip.
Heft 2 (1854) p. 60, Cyp. p. 205; Mig. Wl. Nederl. Ind. iii. p. 348,
non Boeck.

Java; Mt. Waliran, alt. 10,000 feet, Zollinger n. 524 Z.

I have seen no specimen.

Subgenus VI. PROPRIE.

49. CAREX OLIVACEA, Boott, in Proc. Linn. Soc. i. (1846)
p. 286; Carex, p. 56, t. 149.

C. confertiflora, Boott, in Mem. Amer. Acad. n. s. vi. (1859) p. 418,
Carex, p. 184; Franch, in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Par. sér. 3, x. (1898) pp. 75, 98.

Java; Preanger, alt. 1250 metr., Forbes n. 1091.

Distrib. North-east India. Japan.

50. CAREX JackrANA, Boott, in Proc. Linn. Soc. i. (1846)
p. 260, Carex, p. 9, t. 25; Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Par.
sér. 3, x. (1898) pp. 43, 96.

C. oxyphylla, Franch.! in Nouv. Arch, Mus. Par. sér. 3, x. (1898)
pp. 57, 97.

C. instabilis, Boot? MS.

Java; Horsfield.

Distrib. Khasia, Yunnan.—Also a var. (B. minor) in Ceylon
and the Nilgiri Hills.

16 MR. C. CLARKE ON THE CARICES OF MALAYA.

51. CAREX rvMIDA, Boott, Carex, i. (1858) p. 66, t. 181.

C. baviensis, Franch.! in Now. Arch, Mus. Par. sér. 3, x. (1898)
pp. 77, 98.

Tonkin ; Mt. Bavi, Balansa n. 2825.

Distrib. Sikkim. Khasia. Yunnan.

59. Carex PSEUDOCYPERUS, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1, p. 987, ed. 2,
p. 1387 ; Boott, Carex, p. 140, tt. 451, 452 ; Benth. Fl. Austral. vii.
pp. 437, 448 ; Kuek. in Engler, Bot. Jahrb. xxvii. (1899) pp. 549,
563; Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Par. sér. 3, x. (1898) p. 59.

C. fascicularis, Boott! Carex, i, (1858) p. 53, pro magna parte i. e.
t. 139 et t. 140 fig. sinistr.; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. p. 101.

Java; Horsfield (a Boott “ C. fascicularis" inscripta).

Distrib. Palearctica (vulgaris) Nearctica. India, Japan
(rarior) Australia. Neo-Zeeland (frequens), Mexico.— Var. f.
comosa is common in North America; varr. y. platygluma et
ò. Haenkeana are common in South America.

53. CAREX BREVICULMIS, R. Brown, Prodr. (1810) p. 242;
Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Par. sér. 3, ix. (1897) p. 192, x.
(1898) p. 95.

C. Royleana, Nees! in Wight, Contrib. p. 127 ; Boott, Carex, i. (1858)
p. 6, t. 19.

C. leucochlora, Bunge! in Mém. Sav. Etrang. St. Pétersb. ii. (1835) p. 142.

C. Langsdorfii, Boott! in Trans. Linn. Soc, xx. (1847) p. 144.

C. puberula, Boott! in Perry, Exped. ii. (1857) p. 324.

C. discoidea, Boott! in Mem. Amer. Acad. vi. (1859) p. 419.

Neo-Guinea ; Mt. Seratchley, alt. 3750 metr., MacGregor.

Distrib. Ussuri. Japan. India. China. Australia. New

Zealand.

54. Carex WALLICHIANA, Nees, in Wight, Contrib. (1834)
p. 129; Boott, Carex, i. (1858) p. 16, t. 18; Franch, in Nouv.
Arch. Mus. Par. sér. 8, x. (1898) pp. 87, 99; Prescott MS. in
Wall. List, n. 3380 (nomen).

C. hirta, Boiss, Fl. Orient, v. p. 491; Boeck.! in Journ, Linn, Soc.,
Bot. xviii. (1881) p. 105, non Lenn.

Tonkin.

Distrib. Cabul. North India. Yunnan.

[I have seen this plant in a Tonkin collection, but there is no
further information in my note. |

ON SOME BICARPELLARY BEANS, 17

Some Bicarpellary Beans,
By Eric Drank, D.Se., F. L.S.

[Read 21st January, 1904.]

Dvnrwa the autumn of 1903 an interesting series of fruits of
the French Bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, Savi, was obtained from
a garden on the clay of the Middle Coal-measures of North
Derbyshire. These beans were bicarpellary in nature, but the
degree of development attained by the second carpel varied
considerably. In the simplest case (fig. 1) it was present merely

Fig. 1.
A

È

i
A

as a small pod on the posterior aspect of the normal carpel, and
adhered to the latter in its lower portion in such a way that a
bilocular ovary was formed. The posterior carpel was without
seeds.

In other cases (figs. 2 & 3) the posterior carpel was more
extensively developed, and the basal fusion with its anterior
fellow resulted, not, as in the last case, in a bilocular ovary, but
in a unilocular one. Distally the two carpels were free from
one another. -

In the bean shown in fig. 4 the same sort of structure
was attained, but the posterior carpel was as large as the
anterior one and bore one or more well-formed seeds. The
distal extremities of the carpels were free and divaricated widely,
recalling somewhat the kind of ovary met with in the Saxifrages.

A particularly striking fruit was that shown in fig. 5. Here
the midrib of the posterior carpel was normally developed in the
distal region, but more proximally it was greatly reduced, and
passed gradually towards one of the lateral sutures of the fruit.

LINN. JOURN.—- BOTANY, VOL. XXXVIT. C

18 DR. ERIC DRABBLE ON

In some cases the midrib became extinct before reaching the
lateral suture; in others it fused with the marginal vein of
the upper carpel. At the same time the distal quadrangular
seetion of the fruit gave way proximally to a triangular form.

Fig. 2.

In these specimens the fusion of the two carpels was nearly
complete, only the distal extremities being free.

Finally, a single specimen (fig. 6) was met with exhibiting the
triangular cross-section throughout. That we are not here
dealing with a tricarpellary fruit, as might at first sight be

SOME BICARPELLARY BEANS. 19

supposed, is shown not only by the mode of development
indicated in the last case, but also by the arrangement of the
veins, as figured in fig. 5. Anomalous though it may seem, it
is diffieult to eseape the conviction that we are confronted with
a fruit composed of a carpel and a half.

The first notice discovered of bicarpellary fruits of Phaseolus
was that by Moquin-Tandon (1) in 1841, mention being made
of the occurrence of two or even three carpels.

In 1844, Kirschleger (2) described a form much like that shown
in fig. 4, ascribing it to * Phaseolus vulgaris digynus”; Wydler (4),

Fig. 5.
e 5. n
— | — D
n DL——
i \ a a b

ce ) VW
Vc

Fig. 6.

a
1
\
i _
Cj *
[L]
[]
L]
e

1860, and Sehlotthauber (8) described double-fruited beans;
while Du Hamel (5), in his * Physiologie des Arbres,’ very roughly
figures a case similar to that in fig.4. Schlechtendal (6) describes
a case with two carpels fused below and free above, and only
one-seeded.

Dr. Maxwell Masters (7) in his ‘Teratology’ gives a list of
leguminous plants in which two or more carpels have been found.
This list includes representatives of the Mimosoides, the Cesal-
pinioidez, and the Papilionoidez.

Fermond (9) described a form which would appear to closely

c2

s-

20 DR. ERIC DRABBLE ON

resemble fig. 6. He says: “Enfin il arrive frequemment que
les 2 cótés d'un carpelle (celui qui eroit proportionnellement
moins que l'autre) sont considérablement écartés à ce point que
bientót ils se trouvent sur un méme plan forment avec les
2 cótés de l'autre carpelle un fruit à 3 angles, et à une seule
loge." .... “ Dans ce cas, les trophospermes sont placés aux
2 angles contigue aux 2 faces du carpelle qui se sont placés dans
un méme plan; le 3* angle ne porte point de placenta.” He
also mentions a triearpellary condition with a triloeular ovary
and axile placentation.

Penzig (11), 1890, and Taubert (12), 1892, refer to bicarpel-
lary fruits of Phaseolus.

An important point was raised by Moquin-Tandon. He says:
“Quand ces fruits ont acquis une certaine grosseur, et qu’
autour d’eux il ne reste plus de traces des parties florales il
devient alors presque impossible de reconnaitre s'ils ont été
produits par deux ou plusieurs fleurs et par symétrisation.”

In the beans figured and described above, there can be no
doubt that they arose from a single flower, as the calyx was, in
most cases, still present and comprised the usual 5 sepals.
In the same way, so far as the calyx is concerned, no indication
of any doubling of the flower was apparent.

With reference to the possible meaning of the facts recorded
above, but little ean be said. "There is not much doubt that the
Leguminose are derived from a polycarpellary stock, and in
some degree at least the bicarpellary nature may be regarded as
a reversion to an ancestral state. This, however, cannot be said
for the synearpous nature of the ovary. In view of the fact
that all the normally polycarpellary members of the order
(Prosopis sp., Hausemannia sp., and others) and most recorded
cases of anomalously polycarpellary forms, exclusive of Phaseolus,
are apocarpous, it is at least open to question whether we have in
the forms above described a truly primitive condition. If so,
then the series read from 4, through 3, 2, 1, and culminating
in the ordinary bean-fruit, may possibly represent the manner
of reduetion to the present monocarpellary condition. The form
shown in fig. 5 would in this ease be quite anomalous, as indeed it
. would appear to be under any conditions.

Although in our present state of knowledge no special
importance ean be attached to the soil upon which the plants
were cultivated, it seemed advisable to place it upon record in

SOME BICARPELLARY BEANS. 21

the hope that at some future time a coordination of soil and
special development may become possible, and it may be sug-
gested that it would in all cases be wise to indicate not only the
place but also the geological formation and nature of the soil
upon which any teratological specimens may occur.

References.
(1) Moquis-TawpoN, C. H. B. A. Élém. Térat. Vég. p. 277
(1841).
(2) Krrscuiecer, F. Flora, xxvii. 1844, p. 130.
(3) Gopron, D. A. Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg, vol. xvi.
p. 35.
(4) Wynter, H. Flora, xliii. 1860, p. 20.

(5) Du Hamer pu MowckaAv, H. L. Physiol. des Arbres,
pl. 13. figs. 318, 319.
(6) ScunkcuTENDAL, D. F. L. vos. Botanische Zeitung, xiii.
1855, p. 823.
(7) Masters, M. T. Teratology, 1879, p. 264.
(8) SCHLOTTHAUBER, A. F. Bonplandia, viii. 1860, p. 45.
(9) Fermonp, V. Essai de Phytomorphie, Paris, vol. i. 1884,
p. 168.
(10) Auxqvuisr, S. Bot. Centralb. xxix. 1887, p. 93.
(11) Penzte, O. Pflanzenteratologie, Bd. i. p. 402 (1890).
(12) Tausert, P. Leguminoss in Engler & Prantl, * Die natür-
lichen Pflanzentamilien,’ iii. 3, pp. 94-96 (1891).

22 SIR J. D. HOOKER ON THE SPECIES OF

On the Species of Zmpatiens in the Wallichign Herbarium of the
Linnean Society. By Sir J. D. Hooker, G.C.S.I., F.R.S.,

F.L.S.
[ Read 2nd June, 1904.]

Tur species of Impatiens in the Wallichian Herbarium, con-
sisting almost exclusively of those collected by Wallich or his
employés in Nepal and Silhet, together with those of the
missionaries in Malabar, made during the latter half of the
18th and beginning of the 19th centuries, represent nearly all
that was known of the Indian Balsams at the date of the
distribution of that Herbarium. They amount to 48 ticketed
species (Nos. 4729-4775 & 7274, 7275), of which 18 are from
Malabar, as many from Nepal, 10 from Silhet, 6 from Burma
(including Rangoon and Tavoy), and 2 from Sirmore. Though
comparatively few in number, for the genus is now known to
contain upwards of 200 British Indian species, they foreshadow
the remarkable fact of a segregation of these in the several
phytogeographical regions of India in which they occur *, which
has no parallel in any other large genus of plants known to me.

* Of the 200 British Indian species (many of them as yet unpublished)
there are, in the Kew Herbarium, approximately 23 from the Himalaya west
of Nepal, 63 from the Eastern Himalaya (inclusive of the Valley of Katmandu
in Central Nepal), 52 from Burma (inclusive of Assam and Silhet), 58 from
Malabar, and 21 from Ceylon. Of the 23 West Himalayan species only 11 have
been found in the Eastern Himalaya, of which 8 alone enter Sikkim. In other
terms, of nearly 80 Himalayan species only about one-tenth are known to be com-
mon to both sections of the range, a proportion which will be greatly reduced
when the unexplored ranges East of Sikkim are botanized. Of the 52 Burman
species only 10 have been found in the Eastern Himalaya. The 7 Malayan
Peninsular species are absent elsewhere in India. Of the 53 Malabar species
only J. Balsamina, L., oppositifolia, L., and chinensis, L., are found elsewhere
in British India; only 8 of the 58 inhabit Ceylon.

This segregation of species extends in a marked degree to that of the two
great divisions of the genus, namely those species with capsules turgid in the
middle, and those with capsules linear or clavate. Every Malabar and Ceylon
species belongs to the first of these divisions; every Western Himalayan
(except I. Balsamina) to the second. Of the Eastern Himalayan the great
majority belong to the second ; of the Burman the great majority belong to
the first, as do all the Malay Peninsular. I have little doubt that when the
Himalayan ranges Hast of Sikkim and the mountain regions of Burma
come to be explored botanically, the number of British Indian species will
approach 300.

IMPATIENS IN THE WALLICHIAN HERBARIUM. 23

Thus, of all the species contained in the Walliehian Herbarium,
only one, J. Balsamina, L., is common to the five of the regions
indicated in the note on the preceding page, namely, Eastern
Himalayan, Western Himalayan, Burmese, Malabarian, Ceylonese
and Malayan Peninsular. Of the 18 Malabarian 3 only were
found in other regions: namely, J. Balsamina, L., in four others ;
I. chinensis, L., in two; and J. oppositifolia, L., in one, Burma.
Of the 18 Nepal species, two alone were colleeted in the
adjoining region to the westward. Of the 10 Silhet species,
two alone are Malabarian.

The consultation of the Wallichian collection of Balsams
presents great difficulties which it is the object of this com-
munication to alleviate. In many cases two or more species are
fastened down under one number and name; and in not a few
cases one species occurs under several numbers. This is partly
due to the great difficulty in distinguishing badly preserved
mounted specimens of a puzzling genus without moistening and
removing flowers of the most delicate consistency and making
a microscopical examination of their organs; but a far more
serious source of confusion is one the origin of which can only
be conjectured: namely, that a part of the collection which,
after being sorted for mounting (by Bentham, who appears
to have ticketed the species), and transferred to the Society’s
custody, had either fallen from the hands of a custodian
or been swept off a table, and the scattered specimens and
tickets had been dealt with in a haphazard way by an ignorant
mounter *. It seems to me impossible otherwise to explain the
occurrence upon one sheet, under one number (4730), of four
species so totally dissimilar in habit, foliage, inflorescence, and
flowers as J. racemosa, DC., I. bicornuta, Wall, I. tingens,
Edgew., and I. odorata, D. Don; or of such three under
No. 4729 as I. bicornuta, Wall., T. bicolor, Royle, and J. sulcata,
Wall.; or the mounting side by side under No. 4770 excellent
individuals of J. leptoceras, Wall., and J. Balsamina, L., which
have no resemblance. l

Further sources of difficulty are the misplacement of MSS.
tickets, other than the lithographed numbered ones, that are
attached by pins to the sheets of the species to which they
belonged or were supposed to belong, the minuteness of the

* There is no other instance known to me in the Walliehian Herbarium of
a similar confusion of specimens and tickets.

24. SIR J. D. HOOKER ON THE SPECIES OF

flower of some species, and the absence of fruit of others.
Taking all sources of difficulty into aecount, the following
summary of their effects is, T hope, approximately correct :—

Cases of two or more species occurring under one number:
5 species in 1 case; 4 species in 1 case; 3 species in
2 cases ; 2 species in 10 cases.

Cases of single species occurring under two or more numbers :
1 species under 7 numbers; 2 under 3 numbers; 10 under
2 numbers.

ENUMERATION OF SPECIES, WITH OBSERVATIONS,

No. 4729. “ IMPATIENS LONGICORNU, Wall. Napalia 1821.”
One sheet with three species.
On the right T. bicornuta, Wall. See also 4730, 4765.
On the left T. bicolor, Royle * (I. umbrosa, Edgew.).
In the middle 7. sulcata, Wall. (I. gigantea, Hdgew.). See
also 4761.
No. 4730. “ IuPATIENS racemosa, DC. Napalia 1821." "Three
sheets with five species.
Sheet 1. On the left I. tingens, Edgew. t On the right
I. bicornuta, Wall. See also 4729, 4765.
Sheet 2. On the upper right hand Z. bicornuta, Wall. On
the left 7. racemosa, DC.
On the lower right hand J. racemosa, DC. On the lower
left I. odorata, D. Don.
Sheet 3. * No. 4730 B. Sillet, W. G.” T. Balsamina, L.,
with double flowers. See also 4731, 4770.
No. 4731. *IwPaArrENS BarsAMINA, Linn. H.R.C." With
double flowers. See also 4730 B, 4770.

* The name J. bicolor, Royle, placed in the ‘Flora of British India as
a synonym under Z. umbrosa, Edgew., must I think be retained, though the
description and plate in the ‘ Botany of the Himalaya’ do not suffice to
distinguish it from several others. It is the commonest species in the Western
Himalaya.

T This being the dominant specimen of those ticketed Z. racemosa, DC., by
Wallich, I took it for that plant and reduced Z. tingens to a synonym in the
‘Flora of British India. From information kindly supplied by M. Casimir
de Candolle, I find that I erred in doing so.

No.

No.

No.

No.

No.

No.

. 4741. “ Impatiens INCONSPICUA, Benth. Hb. Heyne.’

IMPATIENS IN THE WALLICHIAN HERBARIUM. 25

4732. “IMpaTIENS COCOINEA, Sims.” = I. Balsamina, L.—
Both A. and B are of var. rosea, Hook. f., = I. rosea, Lindl.
See also 4730 B, 4731, 4733, 4734, 4735, 4770.

A. " Napalia" with MS. ticket “Impatiens glandulifera, W all.,
an I. Balsamina, L., spontanea? Thaukote, Aug. 1821.”

B. *Sirmore, G. Govan, M.D."

4733. “Impatiens CORNUTA, Linn." = I. Balsamina, L.
See above.

A. “I. cornuta, Herb. Wight.”

B. “I. cornuta, Heyne.”

C. * I. Tiramira et I. Lacca, H. Ham. Nathpur.”

D. * Ripa Irawaddi, 1826."

4734. “ IMP. LONGIFOLIA, Benth. Hb. Wight.” = I. Balsa-
mina, L. See above.

4735. * IMP. ARCUATA, Benth. Imp. sinensis, Hb. Madr.
Mysore.” = I. Balsamina, L., var.

4736. “ IMP. scaBRIUSCULA, H. Heyne. Two species.

Upper right and left and lower right hand specimens,
J. scabriuscula, with MS. ticket “ Impatiens ramosa,
23rd Sept. [18]16," and in another hand * scabriuscula.”

Lower left hand, I. pendula, H. Heyne. See also 4744.

4737. “Imp. LATIFOLIA, Linn.” One sheet with two
species.

A. “Imp. latifolia, Hb. Madr. e Travancore.”

B. “Imp. latifolia, Hb. Wight.” = I. lucida, H. Heyne.
See also 4738.

. 4738. “Imp. tucipa, Hb. Heyne?” With MS. ticket

‘‘ Impatiens lucida, Courtallum, ab amicissimo Heyne."
See also 4737.

. 4739. “ IMPATIENS LESCHENAULTII, De Cand. Hb. Wight.”

Two species.

A. I. Leschenaultii, DC.

B. Nilghiry dom. Noton, with MS. ticket ‘ Impatiens,
Noton. Neilghery, a small branch." = J. latifolia, L.
See 4737.

. 4740. “Impatiens HISPIDULA, Benth. Napalia 1821." =

I. puberula, DC. See also 4767.
' Bee

also 4743.

. 4742. “ IMPATIENS MULTIFLORA, Benth. Pundua Mont.

De Silva." = I. tripetala, Roxb. See also 4752.

26 SIR J. D. HOOKER ON THE SPECIES OF

No. 4743. “ Impatiens MYSORENSIS, Koth.” Four species.

A. “I. oppositifolia, Hb. Madr.” The upper specimen,
on the left, with MS. ticket “I. oppositifolia, e Kut-
talam, ab amicissimo Mitchell,” is true I. oppositifolia,
Wall., with a scrap of T. Kleinii. See also 4746.

B. “I. oppositifolia, Hb. Wight, etiam I. rosmarinifolia
Dec. e Courtall.” The three specimens on the right of
the sheet, with the MS. ticket ** Balsamina Rosmarini-
folia, DC., Courtallum, 2 Feb. 1827, in moist places
amongst long grasses," = I. inconspicua, Benth.

C. “Impatiens mysurensis, Hb. Wight,” consists of frag-
ments in the lower left hand corner of the sheet to which
a MS. ticket applies (though attached to a specimen of
I. oppositifolia), bearing the inscription in Rottler’s
handwriting: ‘Impatiens Maysorensis, nob. Pedunc.
l-foris, axillarib. solitariis binisq. Fol. altern. ovato-
lanceolat. serratis." This is the true Z. mysorensis, Rottl.

No. 4744. * IMPATIENS PENDULA, Hb. Heyne," with MS. ticket
of Heyne. “Impatiens pendula. Pedune. uniflor. axill.
s. lateral. post anthesin reflexis. Fol. altern. ad basin
attenuat. margine mucronatis. 22d Sept. (18]16." See
also 4736.

No. 4745. “ IMPATIENS PUSILLA, Hb. Heyn." = I. inconspicua,
Benth. See also 4741 & 4743.

No. 4746. * IMPATIENS TENELLA, Herb. Heyn." Two species ;
two upper specimens and right hand lower with MS,
ticket of Heyne. “ Impatiens sp. longiflora. Pedune.
solitar. axill. longissim. Folia opp. oblonga, serraturis
cuspidat. 22d Sept. [18]16."

B. “Impatiens fasciculata? Hb. Madr. Travancore.”
Lower left hand specimen = J. Kleinii, Wight & Arn.
See also 4743.

No. 4747. “I. RUFESCENS, Benth. Herb. Wight.” = I. tomen-
tosa, Heyne, non Wall. Cat.

No. 4748. I. HETEROPHYLLA, Wall. Two sheets, two species.

A. “Sillet, DeSilva & H. D." — 7. chinensis, L. See also 4749.

B. * Taong Dong, 1826." Upper right and left hand speci-

mens to which the MS. ticket '* Balsamina amena,
Wall.," belongs.

The three other specimens— Z. diversifolia, Herb. Heyne.
See 4749.

IMPATIENS IN THE WALLICHIAN HERBARIUM. 27

No. 4749. Impatiens DIVERSIFOLIA, Hb. Heyne. Two sheets,

No.

No.

No.

No.
No.

No.

No.

two species.

B. “Impatiens malabarica, Hb. Madr.” with one specimen
(the middle lower) of J. chinensis, L., and MS. tickets
“ Impatiens fasciculata prox. Cuttalam, Sept. 1814,” and
“ Impatiens sp. malabarica, mihi. Caul. debilis basi
“repens. Fol. opposita cordato-lanceolata acuta serrata
"serraturis mucronatis inferiore glauca. Pedune. uni-
“floris aggregatis nectariis florum parum longioribus.
“ Quilon, Oct. 1814.” The mihi I suppose to be Klein.

C. “ Herb. Wight."

. 4750. *IwPaTIENS RETICULATA, Wall. Rangoon 1826."

= I. oppositifolia, L. See also 4743, 4751.

4751. * IMPATIENS TOMENTOSA, Herb. Heyne," = I. oppositi-
Jolia, L. See above. This is an obvious misplacement
ofa ticket. The plant, of which there are two specimens
ou the sheet, is perfectly glabrous in all its parts. Two
MS. tiekets are attached to the sheet, one inscribed
“Impatiens tomentosa capsulis totis tomentosis"; the
other “Impatiens fasciculata, aurant. ad pedem mont
Bauvaputa."

4752. IMpATIENS TRIPETALA, Roxb. Three sheets.

A. *Sillet" F. D. A B. “I. ternifolia, H. Ham., with
Hamilton’s ticket “ Gualpara, 8th May, 1808."
C. * H. B.C.”

4753. IMPATIENS LVIGATA, Wall. Sillet, F. D. Two sheets.

B. “ H. B. C. e Sillet.”

4754. “Impatiens ACUMINATA, Benth.” Sillet, H. B.

4755. “Impatiens NATANS, Willd. Hb. Wight." = Hydro-
cera triflora, W. & A. See also 4756.

4756. “Impartens TRIFLORA, Willd.” Three sheets. = Hy-
drocera triflora, W. & A., 4755.

A. “I. triflora, Hb. Madr.” B. Sillet, De Silva. C. Ripa
Attran, 1827.

. 4757. “ IMPATIENS UMBELLATA, H. Heyn.,” with MS. ticket

“ Impatiens formosissima, 1st Aug. [18]18."

4758. * IMPATIENS SCAPIFLORA, Herb. Heyne."

B. “ Impatiens cordifolia, Hb. Madras,” with MS. ticket
* Impatiens sp. n. cordifolia, mihi. Pedunculis multiflor.
e Kuttalam apportat. ab. amiciss. D. Mitchil.”

28

No.

No.

No.

No.
No.

No.

. 4763. “Impariens RADICANS, Benth. Sillet, F. D.

SIR J. D. HOOKER ON THE SPECIES OF

. 4759. ** IMPATIENS GRANDIS, H. Heyne."

B. Impatiens grandiflora, Herb. Madr., with MS. ticket
“ In montosis prope Cuttalain, Sept. 1818."

4760. “ I. BRACcTEATA, Coleb. Mont Silhet, F. D. & H. B.,”
with MS. name 7. trichocephala, Wall.

. 4760 in pencil; error for 4766 g.v.
No.

4761. “Impatiens Jurpra, H. Ham. e Morung.” Two
sheets.
B. Sillet, F. D.

. 4762. * Iur. FRUTICOSA, Lesch. Nilghery, Leschenault de

Latour."
" Two
sheets. Two species.

B? * Mt. Sillet, F. D. & W. Q.” = trilobata, Coleb.

. 4764. “IMPATIENS SULCATA, Wall.” Two sheets. Two

species. Specimens very bad and identification doubtful.
A. Napalia 1821. Right hand specimen J. Royleana, Walp. ;
left hand Z. sulcata, Wall. See also 4729.
B. *Sirmore, Dr. Govan.” Upper specimen Z. Roylei,
Walp. ; two specimens J. sulcata, Wall. ? See also 4729.
4705. * IMPATIENS BrconNUTA, Wall. Napalia 1821." Two
sheets. See also 4729, 4730.

. 4766. “Imr. instants, DC. Napaulia 1821," on blank

sheet. See 4760 in pencil.

4767. “Impar. DISCOLOR, De Cand. Napaulia 1821.” Three
sheets. Three species.

Sheet 1. T. discolor, DC., four specimens. J. Wallichit,
Hook. f., two specimens.

Sheet 2. T. discolor, DC., one specimen. J. Wallichii,
Hook. f., two specimens.

Sheet 3. 7. puberula, DC., with MS. name Z. mollis, Wall.
See also 4740.

4768. “Impat. vugrICIFOLIA, Wall. Gossain Than."

4769. * IuPaT. scABRIDA, DC." Two sheets.

A. Napaulia 1821, with two MS. tickets ** Impatiens punc-
tata, Wall.” and “I. calycina, Wall., both inscribed
* Chandagiri, Aug. 1821.”

B. * Sirmore, Dr. Govan.”

4770. *IwPATIENS LEPTOCERAS, DeC. Napaulia 1821."
Three sheets. Two species.

Sheet 1. J. leptoceras, DC.

IMPATIENS IN THE WALLICHIAN HERBARIUM. 29

Sheet 2. Right hand specimen T. leptoceras, DC.; left
hand J. Balsamina, L.
Sheet 3. I. Balsamina, L.
No. 4771. “ IMP. SERRATA, Benth. Napalia 1821.”
No. 4772. “Imp. CIRCÆOIDES, Wall.” Two species.
A. Rangoon 1826.
B. Prome 1826.

There are four specimens of two species on the sheet; the two
upper with a simple stem, marked a in pencil, no doubt belong
to an adjoining MS. ticket inscribed “I. simplex, Wall., Prome,
Nov. 1826." The two lower are of a very different and much
branched species, in an undeterminable condition, with a ticket
inscribed * I. ciresoides, Wall., Legi ad fossas coet. prope
Rangoon, Aug. 1826”; it has no resemblance to a Circea.
From the above, it would appear that the A of the lithographed
ticket is the Prome plaut, and B, the Rangoon, an unnamed one.
There are specimens of the Prome plant in the Herb. Kew from
Moulmain.

No. 4773. “Imp. TAVOYANA, Benth. Tavoy, W. Gomez.”
No. 7274. * IuPATIENS RACEMULOSA, Wall. Silhet, Gomez."
No. 7275. “Impatrens PORRECTA, Wall. Silhet, Gomez."

An additional Nepal species of Impatiens collected by Wallich
in 1821 was found by me when examining some bundles of
specimens which remained in the rooms of the Linnean Society
after the completion of the great distribution in 1831? It isan
undescribed species, for which I propose the name of I. preter-
missa*. In the same bundle I found a form of T. bicolor, Royle
(I. umbrosa, Edgew.), or of an undescribed species, with the MS.

* [ praetermissa; herbacea, ramulis foliisque iminaturis puberulis, foliis
1-14 poll. longis alternis ovatis ovato-lanceolatisve acuminatis serratis basi
rotundatis v. in petiolum brevem angustatis, glandulis stipularibus pulvinatis,
peduneulis axillaribus gracilibus folis multo brevioribus fureatis 2-floris
pubescentibus, basi et ad furcam ebracteatis, pedicellis pedunculo longioribus
medio bracteatis, bracteis lanceolatis, floribus mediocribus, sepalis 2 amplis
oblique oblatis membranaceis aristatis, vexillo erecto orbiculari costa medio
dorso longe cornuta, alarum lobo basali antice rotundato basi cuneato, lobo
distali paulo longiore anguste dolabriformi, labio eum caleare incluso 1-1} poll.
longo late infundibulari in ealear gracile attenuato, capsula pollicaris linearis
acuminata, seminibus subglobosis ,'; poll. diam. subrugulosis.

Belongs to a section of the genus with Z. scabrida, DC., and others,
ineluding the European and North American ones, in which the ebracteate
peduncle is forked and the bracts usually placed on the pedicels above their
middle, not at their base.

30 SIR J. D. HOOKER ON THE SPECIES OF

ticket of “ I. longicornu, Wall., no. 4729," which differs from the
ordinary form of 7. bicolor in the leaves being serrulate and the
flowers much smaller. In the type collection, No. 4729 Impatiens
longicornu, Wall., is represented by three species, Z. bicolor, Royle,
I. bicornuta, Wall., and T. sulcata, Wall., all of which are remark-
able for the shortness of their spurs. The true J. longicornu,
Wall., in Roxb. Fl. Ind. Ed. Carey is 7. leptoceras, DC., and
longicornu hence disappears.

The two above-mentioned plants I have placed in the cover
with Nos. 7274-5 of the Walliehian Herbarium.

INDEX.
I. acuminata, Benth. No. 4754. Silhet.
I. amena, Wall. 4748 B — I. diversifolia, Wight.
I. amphorata, Edgew. 4729 in part—I. bicolor, Royle.
I. arcuata, Benth. 4735=I, Balsamina, L, var.

I. Balsamina, L.

4730 B, 4731, 4732, 4733, 4734, Nepal, Sirmore,
4735, 4770 in part. Silhet, Malabar,

Burma.
I. bicolor, Royle, 4729 in part. Nepal.
I. bicornuta, Wail. 4729 in part, 4730 in part, 4765. Nepal.
I. bracteata, Cole), 4760. Silhet.
I. calycina, Wall. 4769 A =I. scabrida, DC,
I. chinensis, L. 4748, 4749 in part. Silhet, Malabar.
I. circæoides, Wall, 4772 in part. Prome.
I. coccinea, Sims, 4732=I, Balsamina, L.
LI. cordifolia, Herb. Madr. 4758=[1. scapiflora, Herb. Heyne.
I. cornuta, L. 4733=[I. Balsamina, L.
I. discolor, DC. 4767 in part. Nepal.
I. diversifolia, Herb. Heyne, 4748, 4749. Malabar.
I. fasciculata, prox. 4749—1. diversifolia, Herb. Heyne.
I. fasciculata? Herb. Madr. 4746 B—I. Kleinii, W. § A,
I. fruticosa, Lesch. 4762. Malabar.
I. gigantea, Edgew. 4729, 4764 —I. sulcata, Wall.

I. glandulifera, Wall., MSS. 4732 A.
I. grandiflora, Herb. Madr. 4759 B=I. grandis, Herb. Heyne.

I. grandis, Herb. Heyne, 4759. Malabar.
I. heterophylla, Wall. 4748=I. chinensis, L., and I. diversi-

folia, Herb. Heyne.
I. hispidula, Benth. 4740=1. puberula, DC.
I. inconspicua, Benth. 4741, 4743. Malabar.
I. insignis, DC. 4760, 4766. Nepal.
I. Juspia, Herb. Ham. 4761. Nepal.
I. Kleinii, W. 4 A. 4743 in part, 4746 in part. Malabar.
I. Lacca, Herb. Ham. 4133 C— I. Balsamina, Z.
I. levigata, Wall. 4753. Silhet,

I. latifolia, L. 4737 in part, 4739 in part. Malabar.

IMPATIENS IN THE WALLICHIAN HERBARIUM.

I. leptoceras, DC.

I. Leschenaultii, DC.

I. longicornu, Wall. Cat.
I. longifolia, Benth.

I. lueida, Herb, Heyne,

I, malabarica, Herb. Madr.
I, mollis, Wall.

I, multiflora, Benth.

I. mysorensis, Roth,

L natans, Willd.

I. odorata, D. Don,

T. oppositifolia, Z.

I. pendula, Herb. Heyne,
I. porrecta, Wail,

I. puberula, DC.

I, punctata, Wall.

IL. pusilla, Herb. Heyne,
I. racemosa, DC.

I. racemulosa, Wall.

I. radicans, Benth.

I. reticulata, Wall.

I, rosea, Lindl,

I. rosmarinifolia, DO.

I. Roylei, Walp.

I. rufescens, Benth.

I. scabrida, DC.

I. scabriuscula, Herb. Heyne,
I. scapiflora, Herb. Heyne,
I. serrata, Benth.

I. simplex, Wall., MSS.

I. sinensis, Herb. Madr.
I. sulcata, Wall.

I. tavoyana, Benth.

I. tenella, Herb. Heyne,

I, ternifolia, Herb. Ham.
I. tingens, Edgew.

2. Tiramira, Herb. Ham.
L, tomentosa, Wall.

I. tomentosa, Heyne,

I. trichocephala, Wall., MSS.
I. triflora, Willd.

I. trilobata, Coleb.

. tripetala, Roxb.

. umbellata, Herb, Heyne,
. urticifolia, Wall.

. Wallichii, Hook, f.

= m m

Sp. dub.
I. prietermissa, Hook. f.

4755, 4756=Hydrocera triflora, Willd. {

4770 in part.
4139 in part.
4729,
734=I. Balsamina, L.
4737 in part, 4738.

4749 B=I. diversifolia, Herb. Wight.
. 4767 in part —I. puberula, DC.

4742—1. tripetala, Roxb,
4743 in part.

4730 in part,

4743 in part, 4750, 4751.
4736 in part, 4744.

7275.

4740, 4767 in part.

4769— I. scabrida.
4145—1I. inconspicua, Benth.
4730 in part.

7274.

4763.

4750=I. oppositifolia, L.
4732—1. Balsamina, Z.
4743 B —I. oppositifolia, L.
4764 in part.

4747 =I, tomentosa, Heyne,
4769.

4736 in part.

4758.

4771.

4772 A=I. cirezoides, Wall.
4735=I. Balsamina, L.
4729 in part, 4764 in part.
4773.

4746 in part.

4152 B—I. tripetala, Rorò.
4730 in part.

4733 0.

47151 =I. oppositifolia, L.
2747.

4760=I. fimbriata, Coled,
4756 — Hydrocera triflora, W. § A.
4763 B ?

4742, 4752.
4757.

4708.

4767 in part.
4772 B.
Unticketed,

31
Nepal.
Malabar.

Malabar.

Malabar.

Silhet, Burma,
Malabar.

Nepal.
Nepal.
Malabar.
Silhet.
Nepal.

Malabar.
Nepal.
Silhet,
Bilhet.
Rangoon.

Sirmore.

Malabar,

Nepal, Sirmore.

Malabar.
Malabar.
Nepal.

Rangoon.

Nepal.
Tavoy.
Malabar.

Nepal.

Malabar,

Silhet.
Silhet.
Malabar.
Nepal.
Nepal.

Rangoon,
Nepal.

32 DR. A, D. WALLER ON THE

Number of ticketed sheets in the Wallichian Herbarium ... 48

» species from Malabar ................. + Leeeeeeaeaens 18
» » » Nepal ..... RH 18
» » » Bilhet ............eeeeee e 10
» " », Burma (Rangoon, Prome, Tavoy).. 6
» » , Birmore ....... etre 2

102

Species common to Nepal, Sirmore, Malabar, Silhet, and Burma,
1 (I. Balsamina).

Silhet and Malabar, 4 (I. Balsamina, chinensis,
natans, i. e. Hydrocera triflora).

Nepal and Sirmore, 2 (I. Balsamina, scabrida).

Morung and Silhet, 1 (I. Jurpia, Ham).

On the Blaze-Currents of Vegetable Tissues: a Week's Holiday
with a Galvanometer and some Plants. By A.D. Wanter,
M.D., F.R.S. (Communicated by Prof. J. B. Farmer,
F.R.S., F.L.S.)

[Read 16th June, 1904.]

$1. Frrst Day.—I set up the galvanometer and keyboard in a
convenient corner of the room, and verify the circuit.

The two unpolarizable electrodes À and B and the galvano-
meter are couneeted with the central keyboard in such a way
that current from B to A through an interposed object shall
give deflection of the galvanometer-spot to my right, which
I call the ** positive " direction.

The compensator and the induction-coil are likewise connected
with the central keyboard, with a reverser in each of these two
circuits, so disposed that its position towards the right and left
indicates “ positive" and “ negative" directions of current. For
the induction-coil, this convention is made to apply to the break
current. Its reverser is placed in the primary circuit, and the
latter also includes a double-contact key ; so that we may take
at will either single currents or alternating (tetanising) currents.
The direction of the latter is indicated by the position of the
reverser ; if it is, e.g., tilted to the right, we know—or can at
once verify—that the break current passes through the object
under examination in the “ positive” direction from B to A.

Finally, I verify the conventional “ positive " and “ negative "
direetions between B and A by touching B with a bit of zine,

BLAZE-CURRENTS OF VEGETABLE TISSUES. 33

A with a finger of the other hand; when the galvanometer-spot
flies off to my right.

$2. The galvanometer, being in a strange place, must now
be calibrated by means of the compensator. Here are the
calibration-numbers taken at the outset of the present obser-
vations :—

August 4th.—Galvanometer of 7000 w R.

Compensator, Deflection.
— 0:001 +0:001 — Sem, + 3cm.
—0:002 +0002 —6, +6,
— 0:003 4- 0:003 —9 , + 9 ,,
— 0004 4-0:004 —]12 , +12 ,
—0:005 +0-005 —15 , 15 ,
Swing 8

Steady Deflection 2
One double oscillation = 7 secs.
Quite at rest in 30 secs., after 4 double oscillations.

The instrument is now sufficiently adjusted for our purposes ;
the fact that it is not very sensitive (1 em. deflection indicating
rather less than 1077 ampère) is an advantage under our present
circumstances,

A photograph of the Laboratory corner as it stands at the end
of the first day shows the apparatus unpacked and set up ready
for use (fig. 1, p. 34).

A diagram of the circuit is seen to the right; the apparatus
itself—galvanometer, seale, shunt, electrode-holder A B, cells,
compensator, coil, reversers, keys, and, in the foreground, the
keyboard—is arranged on the packing-case, and is not much
more bulky or troublesome to pack and unpack than a dressing-
bag. As a travelling nécessaire, I regard it as quite indis-
pensable ; and it serves to demonstrate that electro-physiology
can be studied elsewhere than in beautifully-arranged Institutes
of Physiology.

I have often described the use of the various parts of the
apparatus; and we shall see in the next few days what can be
done with it. I shall not now redeseribe it; all I shall do will
be to say that the photograph exhibits two additional pieces on
the travelling-box, to the right and left of the electrode-holder
(which are not represented in the diagram), and to make a
remark intended to guard against any misunderstanding as to
the * voltage " of physiological currents.

“LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL, XXXVIT. D

34

Paty agua vi sn POTU

ZPN
A
eS

/ [prier peni pan prn nang]
= [o2 E [n S s o! LI oz

‘7, ‘BY urezis e[qiZe[ Jo poonpoaded st 3y “MOTEG e[Q*j eq uo pesduv1e
enqvaedde og} jo uv[d-punoaS v seats Jous09 puvq-jq511 eq) ur weiseip ep, 'sjuv[d-pue[ tra sjuv[d-ves Jo uosrreduioo em) 10]

eouvjsur quesead eq; ur : ABpI[OY eprsvos v Jo sesodand 04} 10j dn jos pue xoq s}! woaz poyoudun snjeaudde oy} Jo qdwe2o030qq

—[ 3

BLAZE-CURRENTS OF YEGETABLE TISSUES. 35

Compensator.

-units e$ téns

M o == ?
© Le 1/94

EC

TM
|

Il
iul i ij UU

> Keyboard.

The plant is placed between the Electrodes, A, B. Excitation is delivered to it
from the Sec. Coil via the Keyboard; the direction of excitation is deter-
mined by the Reverser R, in the primary circuit, The Key S'T in that
circuit serves to deliver single or tetanising currents. The Compensator
serves to counterbalance any incidental plant-current and to standardise
the deflection ; the direction of its current is determined by the Reverser R,.
The Galvanometer, by the movements of a spot of light on the transparent
scale, indicates the direction of exciting current or currents, and the
direction and magnitude of the responsive or blaze-currents.

D 2

36 DR. A. D. WALLER ON THE

$3. Of the additional pieces of apparatus just referred to, the
first (marked R) is for the purpose of letting a blaze-eurrent
into the galvanometer-circuit at a short and regular interval
after excitation by a break induction-shock.

The other (marked B A C) is for the purpose of taking
the separate post-anodie or post-kathodie effects at A or at B,
after excitation ihrough A and B. By a movement of the
switch, contact at one or other of these excited points is
replaced by a contact C with an indifferent point.

$4. The purpose of a standardising deflection is two-fold :—

A deflection taken before and after experiment serves to show
whether the resistance has altered, and how much.

The currents observed in different experiments are, to some
extent, brought to a common denominator when they have been
referred to and expressed in terms of a standard voltage.

I say “to some extent," for it is evident that a reduc-
tion to zero by a compensating current, or a comparison of a
blaze deflection with a standardising deflection, can never give
us the true electromotive value of our physiological currents.
We do not know how much of our mass is actually active,
nor in what proportion the mass offers a shunt to the galvano-
meter.

Nevertheless, with this distinct understanding, that a de-
nomination by voltage does not signify that we have measured a
physiological voltage, it is evidently better to specify effects in
terms of voltage than in terms of eurrent.

$5. Seconp Day.—The first object I have in view is to
compare land-plants with sea-plants as to their blaze-currents ;
so I visit the garden to select some convenient land-vegetable
from whieh to obtain a constant supply of fresh material: c'est
lembarras du choix; finally I select peas as my principal
vegetable, although I foresee that it will be quite impossible
to remain attached to peas alone.

$ 6. I visit the sea-shore at low tide, to select some convenient
sea-vegetable from which to obtain a constant supply of fresh
material: the choice is not so various. Finally I select a sea-
weed, the name of which I do not know, but which exists
in luxuriant abundance attached to the rocks at half-tide, and
is charaeterised by quantities of olive-shaped ovaries, somewhat
like pea-pods. They will therefore afford a quite satisfactory

BLAZE-CURRENTS OF VEGETABLE TISSUES. 37

term of comparison with my land-peas. I call them sea-grapes
for the present *.

$7. First Pair of Experiments—The half-ripe pod of a
"land-pea? (Pisum sativum) is placed symmetrically between
the electrodes A B, to be submitted to the blazo test. Its
accidental current is compensated.

A break induction-shock in the positive direction, from B
to A, is followed by a blaze-current off-scale in that’ same
positive direction.

A break induction-shock in the negative direction, from A
to B, is followed by a blaze-current off-scale in that same
negative direction.

In both cases the blaze-current has been homodrome with the
exciting current; it has been of quite considerable magnitude,
‘‘ off-scale " signifying in this case “ greater than 0:02 volt”; it
was completely abolished after immersion of the pod in hot
water.

Deflection.
0:001 volt through galvanometer .................. sees 40
0:001 ,, » » -Felectrodes........................ o0
0:001 ,, » » » +pea-pod ......... 0:9
0:001 The same after the double blaze .......................- 1:5
The same after tetanisation .............. esse 1:7
The same 4 hour later ............ eese 2

$8. A “ sea-grape ” is placed symmetrically between the same
pair of electrodes A B, to be submitted to the blaze test. Its
accidental current is compensated.

Break induction-shocks in the positive and in the negative
directions do not arouse any blaze-current. The conductivity of
the pod is not appreciably altered by the induction-shocks nor
by strong tetanisation.

§ 9. Commentary.—This first pair of experiments, which were
several times repeated with precisely similar results, show in the
clearest possible manner a remarkable contrast between a land-
plant and a sea-plant. And obviously the next step will be to
test other land- and sea-plants for this contrast, and learn
whether it is justifiable to say that land-plants give blaze-
currents, but sea-plants do not.

* Prof. Farmer has informed me since that they were probably Asco-
phyllum,

98 DR. A. D. WALLER ON THE

$10. From a second visit to the garden and to the sea-shore
respectively, I bring back two bundles—one of land-plants, the
other of sea-plants. Everything from the garden gives me
blaze-currents; nothing from the sea-shore does so. I am
entitled to say that land-plants blaze, and that sea-plants do
not blaze. I do not at this stage commit myself to any
quantifying prefix to the subjects of these two propositions ;
more extensive trials will be required before we shall venture
to say whether only “some,” or ** most," or “all”? land- and
sea-plants do or do not blaze.

$11. So we set ourselves the task of finding, on the one
hand, a land-plant that does not blaze, and, on the other, a
sea-plant that does blaze. We hardly expect to find a hard-
and-fast “yes” or “no” in every case we try, but rather a
differenee of degree, perhaps; so we shall take note of the
voltage uf the blaze-currents, by comparing their galvanometric
effects with the effect through the same circuit of a known
standard voltage. Of course this will not mean that we have
arrived at any true electromotive value of the blaze-current,
but it will be better than nothing.

§ 12. I think of water-plants, and ferns, and fungi as possibly
non-blazing land-plants. So I fetch some watercress, and leaves
of hart's-tongue fern, and a fungus from a tree-stump in the
garden.

$ 13. I begin with the fungus :—

0'001 volt gives a deflection............ = 25mm.
Exc, by Br+10000 gives homodrome blaze ...... = +250
» Br—10000 ,, nothing at all.
» 2Br4-10000 ,, a smaller blaze
» Br—10000 ,, nothing at all.

The fungus evidently gives a blaze-current; but beyond this
bare fact there are already several points of detail that must
arouse reflection and provoke further study.

The blaze-current is only in one direction, from B to A,
“ positive," and aroused only by current in that same positive
direction. On looking to see how the fungus is orientated
between the eleetrodes, I find that the dorsal surface is on B
and the ventral surface is against A; so that the blaze just
witnessed has been from dorsal to ventral surface. It has been
aroused by a break induction-shock in the same direction,
having therefore the anode at the dorsal surface; it has not

LE

ennt =+ 60 I

BLAZE-CURRENTS OF VEGETABLE TISSUES. 39

been aroused by a shock in the opposite direction, with the
kathode at the dorsal surface.

From these points I provisionally infer that the dorsal surface
of my fungus is more excitable (leistungsfähig) than the ventral
surface, and that the exciting current has been more effective at
the anode than at the kathode. But we had better not go off
into a discussion of this point now.

$14. I take a leaf of hart's-tongue, lay it on its face, and lead
off from its dorsal surface by the electrodes A and B applied to
the midrib 4 or 5 centimetres apart. The trial comes out as
follows :—

mm
1/100 volt........... essen 20
Exe. by break 100004 ................ esse 1004-
» » — eee eene 80--
Strong tetanisation.
Exe. by break 100004 ................. se. trace-+
» » LEM nil
1/100 volt.................. eese 30

Three points are seen in this experiment: (1) that this leaf
manifests strong homodrome blaze-currents; (2) that these
eurrents are abolished by strong tetanisation; and (3) that the
resistance has been considerably reduced.

$15. And now, again, questions press upon us. Is the effect
of tetanisation temporary or permanent? Will a leaf give a
succession of blaze-currents of diminishing or undiminishing
magnitude? What relation is there between strength of
excitation and strength of blaze? What are the time-relations ?
What is the cause of the diminished resistance ?

All these questions clamour for their answers ; but they must
wait.

$ 16. The next object I undertook to test was some duckweed.
The results of its trial are as follows :—

1/100 volt through electrodes.
» ” n and a leaflet.
Blaze after break-shock 10000-4 ............ is +

LE "n LE LCLLLLLLLLLTTLITT
After strong tetanisation :—
Blaze after break-shock 10000+ .......... 4 oni
1 2» 305 0000000 cs99538859835 959
It is not a convenient plant to work with, because the leaf is
so small. I try whether a mass of overlapping leaves give blaze,
and find that they do not.

40 DR. A. D. WALLER ON THE

$17. Clearly land-plants are more interesting than sea-plants.
But the contrast between the two kinds, whatever its meaning
may be, is a fact of primary importance. I want to confirm it,
or the reverse, by every means in my power. So I offer at the
next meeting of my family to give two prizes—one for any
blazing sea-plant, the other for any non-blazing land-plant. I
make the proviso as to the latter that it must be a plant capable
of conducting an electrical current, not a non-conducting dry
leaf or bit of wood. I also stipulate, as conditions of the prizes,
that the winning land-plant shall give less than 0°001 volt, the
winning sea-plant more than 0:010 volt.

Many things are brought to the galvanometer in a short space
of time, from the garden and from the sea-shore. Nothing from
the garden fails to blaze ; nothing from the sea-shore gives any-
thing like a blaze. "True, a holly-leaf from the garden gave no
clear blaze; but its electrical resistance was so great that
current sufficiently strong to excite could not traverse it.
And, on the other hand, a leaf from among the seaweed which
did give a blaze was pronounced to be an intruder from a neigh-
bouring stream.

The competitors abandoned their quest as hopeless, being even
more convinced than I am that land-plants blaze, while sea-plants
do not blaze. 1 am indeed satisfied that sea-plants do not blaze
anything like land-plants ; but I am not sure—indeed, I think it
quite unlikely—that no sea-plants give any blaze at all *.

$18. An Ivy Petiole versus a Geranium Petiole—All land-
plants are not equally vigorous as regards their electromotive
effects ; some are more vigorous than others. I found, a year
or two ago, that seeds lose power in this respect by mere lapse
of time.

An ivy-leaf petiole as compared with a geranium-leaf petiole,
under physical conditions as nearly as possible identical, affords
a convenient illustration of the general principle that amount of
blaze bears some general relation to degree of vitality or vivacity.

* Ultimately a long narrow seaweed, called “ boot-laces" by the fishermen,
Chorda Filum by its museum name, was brought in, and gave typical
homodrome effects in both directions, amounting to as much as 0:02 volt. The
peculiarity is possibly due to the transverse septa subdividing the length of
weed. Another jointed seaweed coralline was subsequently found, giving about

OOl volt.

BLAZE-CURRENTS OF VEGETABLE TISSUES. 41

The ivy petiole is comparatively sluggish; the geranium petiole
is comparatively lively. Under similar conditions, the response
or blaze of the former is below 41, volt, while that of the latter
is upwards of 45, volt.

$19. Turg» Day.—Some of the questions asked in $ 15 require
to be answered, and I shall make use of peas for the purpose.
Peas in their pod afford us an unlimited supply of individual
test-objects, similar, and protected from accidental injury.

The relation between strength of excitation and strength of
blaze-current, and the time-relations of the latter, are easily
examined. The observations have to be made in a systematic
and leisurely fashion; so I have reserved them for a wet day,
offering no external temptations.

Fig. 3.—Pxa (Pisum sativum). Excitation by a single break induction-shock
from A to B. Blaze-current from A to B, i. e. homodrome.

1 1 1 | 1 fi L L | 1 L 1 ji

0 ! 2 3 4 5 10 minutes.

The ordinates are in scale-divisions of 1 cm.; with the resistance in circuit,
each 1 cm. indicated an approximate voltage=1/1000 volt.

§ 20. The observation of each individual blaze-current requires
5, 10, or 15 minutes, according to its strength. A blaze aroused
too soon after a previous blaze is smaller than normal. One
should allow the zero to be recovered of itself, and not impa-
tiently return to a false zero by manipulating the compensator.

42 DR. A. D. WALLER ON THE

This rule has been observed throughout the series of to-day's
readings.

In the first series I have taken readings every half-minute and
every minute after excitation of five different strengths, omitting
in each case the very first deflection, and beginning at the first
half-minute after excitation.

The series of observations has lasted 13 hour, without appre-
ciable “ fatigue ” or alteration of resistance.

The dotted curve gives a second blaze by 1000 at end of

series.

Fig. 4.— Relation between strength of Stimulation and magnitude of Blaze.

. Volt.

V 9.02 4 peer TT Ort Bow err cn cmos cence te ee een e

D E

S F

Soo, ^

a ‘
1 L i L L ]
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 10000

Stimulation.

Fig. 5.- -Ditto, ditto.

Volb. ce æ- . < t=- -- --2--- - -- -- 7579

a 0-0247 r

wq) r

c |

a f

good |

œ ]
L L L L L J
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 10,000

Stimulation.

In the above two series (figs. 4 & 5) the readings taken are
those of the galvanometer-swing produced when the blaze is let
through by means of the key R, immediately after passage of the
exciting current. The effects are homodrome, 7. e. in the same
direction as the exciting current; and the range from minimal
to maximal is not a very extensive one—from, e. g., 600 to 2000
units of a Berne inductorium fed by two Leclanché cells.

BLAZE-CURRENTS OF VEGETABLE TISSUES. 48

$21. In dealing with animal tissues it is very difficult, if not
impossible, to get two isoelectric contacts when the electrodes
are first applied; there is always more or less accidental current,
by reason of unavoidable injury or from other causes.

Precisely the same difficulty presents itself in the case of
vegetable tissues. It is advisable to leave them undisturbed
in contact with the electrodes for some time before an experi-
ment is begun; at the end of an hour they may generally be
considered to have settled down to a stable state.

$22. The “current of injury," whether accidental or provoked,
is very considerable ; it gradually subsides, as in the case of
animal tissues, and can then be renewed by renewed injury.
The following curve gives the decline of E.M.F. of a pea, led off
by a freshly-cut and an intact surface.

Fig. 6.—Pza (Pisum sativum). Decline of Current of Injury after a
preliminary rise.

Volt.) —
0-074

0:06-

0-054

0-054

0:024

0:014

L L 1 1 L i fi 1

1 1 L 1 1 L
GO 5 10 i5 20 25 30
Time, o 1! hour.

l B 25. At first—z.e. for the first 5 minutes—the current of
injury increases. This preliminary increase, amounting to 0:005
to 0010 volt, calls to mind the similar increase recently pointed

44 DR. A. D. WALLER ON THE

out by MacDonald and Sowton in the case of the current of
injury of mammalian nerve. Clearly, however, the explanation
invoked by these authors for their case—viz., augmentation of
concentration-current by cooling—will not apply to the present
case. I have no very dogmatic explanation to offer; it looks to
me very like an imbibition current at a eut surface.

§ 24. A blaze-current provoked in a vegetable organ during its
manifestation of a current of injury is, in general, opposite
to it in direction, whatever may have been the direction of the
exciting current. Du Bois Reymond would probably have called
it a negative variation of a previous current.

Blaze-currents caused by excitations of moderate strength at
sufficiently long intervals in the course of a declining injury-
current are of diminishing magnitude. The smaller the injury-
current, the smaller is its negative variation.

Fig. 7.—PA (Pisum sativum), Negative variations of Current of Injury.

Volt

0-05

Q:O4—

0-034

one

O:01-

6-01 =

/\

L | 1 L | L L

] f
ihour D TI

§ 25. Fourra Day.—We intend to find out to-day what sort
of magnitudes the currents of different peas present: whether
they differ at different stages of maturity, whether individual peas
of the same pod vary more or less than peas of different pods,
and so forth.

$26. I begin with a comparison between two very different
pods: one quite ripe and fully distended, of which the cooked

BLAZE-CURRENTS OF VEGETABLE TISSUES. 45

peas would be rather hard and passés ; the other immature, with
tender young peas at, I should say, a quarter to half their normal

bulk.

The contrast, galvanometrieally, is very striking indeed. The
adult peas give large current of injury and large blaze-current.
The infant peas give small and irregular current of injury and
no blaze-current to speak of.

7 Peas.

A mature pea-pod, taken from

S

acne cie

nil

nil

-0100

nil

$27

before backwards.

Current of Blaze by 1000— «~
injury. — (1/100 volt — 13 em.).

volt. cm,
.. +0:0210 —5
.. +0°0430 —]11
. 4-0:0450 > — 20
.. +0:0500 —]14
.«. +0:0520 > —?20
... +0:0570 > —28
... +0°0430 —13

nil

+3

nil

6 Peas.
An immature pea-
pod.

Ourrent of Blaze by 1000 — «—
injury. — (1/100 volt — 13 em.).

volt. em.
— 0:0150 nil
— 0:0060 nil
+0:0100 —2
+0-0040 -1
— 0:0080 nil
4-40:0100 nil

nil +3
(2)

+0010 -5
(7)

+0050 -5
(4)

. I think the result is of considerable importance. If

46 DR. A. D. WALLER ON THE

there has been no mistake—and it will be an easy matter to
make sure of this by further trial—we have in our hands a very
clear and convenient field within which to test a relation between
physiologieal states and electrical responses.

$28. Asa rule, the middle peas of a pod give the largest blaze-
currents; the peas at both ends, being as a rule less developed
than the others, give smaller effects, if any. We may pick out
pods more or less completely ripe, and find only the middle peas
giving eurrents.

And it is interesting in this connection to note that the rule
applies to injury-currents as well as to blaze-currents.

$99. Firra Day.—Young peas have a truly enormous elec-
trical resistance ; a tenth of a volt through pea and galvanometer
in series gives a hardly appreciable deflection. This is not merely
a skin-resistance, for it persists after a slice has been taken off
each end of the pea; it is a resistance attributable to deficiency
of electrolytes.

An adult pea is a much better conductor; an adolescent pea
is of intermediate conducting value.

The resistance is greatly reduced in consequence of a single
electrical shock; and I find reason for believing that the
alteration is partly due to the multiplication of electrolytes by

dissociation.

Alterations of conductivity of old and of young seeds in
consequence of the passage of induction-currents.

Full-grown Peas. Young Peas.

n. After one After nu After one After
Initial break- tetanisa- | Initial break- tetanis:
ductivity. res etanisa-| conductivity. Ae etanisa-

con J- shock. tion. | Y: shock. tion.
50 70 90 | 2:95 22-5 55

40 70 70 | 0:5 25 50

60 70 75 25 22:5 65

70 75 05 30 55

45 4hr. later.
45 1 hr. later.
65 after tetanis.
50 4 hr, later.
60 after tetanis.
55 4 hr. later.
65 after tetanis.
Next day 85

100 after tetanis.
95 1 hr. later.

BLAZE-CURRENTS OF VEGETABLE TISSUES. 47

$30. A sufficiently obvious fallacy may arise from this source.
Suppose we have a quite young pea on the electrodes, with
a fresh-cut surface at B, so that the current of injury is positive:
the resistance is very high, the deflection is small, and we have
to use a considerable voltage from the compensator in a negative
direetion in order to bring the spot back upon zero. A strong
induetion-shoek is now sent through the pea in the negative
direction, the after-effect of which is a large deflection in that
same direction. We find that the resistance is greatly diminished,
and the large deflection to the left may evidently be due to our
large compensating voltage. While the resistance was high,
we might easily have over-compensated; so that the over-
compensation would come into evidence when the resistance
was reduced. Of course, to do this, the alterations of resistance
would need to be very great. And they are so,—it is not
uncommon to see the resistance reduced to yy of its original
value by a single strong induction-shock.

$ 31. I have seen the fallacy in another form. A young pea,
with its base cut, has a current of injury in the positive direction
which, by reason of the enormous resistance, gives a barely appre-
ciable deflection. A single induction-shock is sent through the
pea in the positive or in the negative direction; an apparent
blaze-current is manifested in the positive direction, which, how-
ever, I do not consider to be a true blaze-current, but only a
deflection due to the positive current of injury through a suddenly
diminished resistance.

$32. The different behaviour of young peas and old arouse
many reflections. The old are conductors ; the young are non-
conductors. Conduction is by electrolytes. Salts—or their
ions—are electrolytes par excellence. Are there more salts in old
peas thanin young? And what is the meaning of Loeb’s recent
investigations into the influeuce of salts upon the development
of ova? I have no means of reply; so the questions must
wait.

$33. The Holly-leaf expertment.—Here is a curious ex-
periment on resistance, with a holly-leaf. I say curious, because
it has aroused my euriosity, and I cannot rest satisfied with the
explanation that offers itself.

The leaf is placed between the electrodes as usual, in series
with the galvanometer and secondary coil. I send an induction-

48 DR. A. D. WALLER ON THE

shock through the cireuit—first a make, then a break ; the make
deflection is comparatively small, the break deflection compara-
tively large. And now, if alternating make and break shocks
are passed, the galvanometer-spot flies off in the direction of the
break. The familiar physiological effect known as von Fleisehl's
deflection is exactly simulated.

But it is not a physiological effect in this case; for it comes
off on a boiled holly-leaf and on a thick piece of glazed note-
paper. The irresistible conclusion is that we have to do with a
case of variable resistance, smaller to the break than to the make
shock, as is said to occur in the passage of alternating currents
through a vacuum-tube.

Whether this be a valid explanation or not, the fact itself is
well worth our notice, lest we should confuse a simple physical
phenomenon independent of the living state with a similar
physical phenomeuon characteristic of that state.

§ 34. Sıxru Day.—We have reached our last day, and have
made little or no use of the accessory piece of apparatus (B A C,
§ 3) set up on the first day. The apparatus has not “ earned its
living"; and though we may not hope to make it do so in
a single day, we may at least do something to justify its
inclusion in the travelling-box. We shall use it to-day for
two or three localisation trials, preliminary to a more systematie
inquiry next year.

$35. Experiment to deterinine the direction and magnitudes of
the separate electromotive changes at the two poles of an exciting
current.

B C A
— L L 1 =f.

Excitation by a single break induction-shock 10,000—, from A
to B, 7. e. so that A is anode and B is kathode.

Compensation established between A and B, B and C, and
A aud C, before and after excitation.

-B I — A+

C

BLAZE-CURRENTS OF VEGETABLE TISSUES. 49

The compensation-values are :—

Changes
Before. After. Difference. in the Pea.

Between A and B...... —0:0090 +0:0030 4-0:0060 — 0:0060

" B and C...... — 0:0240 — 0:0450 — 00210 +0:0210

» A and C...... +0:0140 +0:0490 +0°0850 — 0:0350
Exc?

z210 B A 350

140

The events in the pea itself have been as follows :—

Excitation from A (anode) to B (kathode).

Partial blaze at A ..... MEME = —('0350
Partial blaze at B ..................... = -FU0210
Their algebraic sum ......... ees = —0'0140
Total observed | .................. e. = —(0:0120

i. e., both partial blazes have been ingoing ; the total blaze has
been homodrome with the exciting current; the post-anodic
homodrome blaze has been greater than the post-kathodie
antidrome blaze.

Excitation B < C A
Total blaze « 0:0120
Post-kathodie partial blaze —20210_,,
„2:0350

Post-anodic partial blaze

§36. Experiment to determine the alterations of resistance
separately at the two poles of an exciting current.—Excitation by
a single break induction-shock, 10000 — , from A to B.

Deflection observed by jl;th volt between A and B, B and C,
and A and C, before and after excitation. The conductivities
are as follows :—

Before. After. ^ Oonductivity.

Between A and B ......... 2 20 x10
» B and € ......... ll 13 x 12
» A and C ......... 15 10 x 67
Between À and B ......... 9 38 x 42
» B and C ......... 8 9 x l'l
» A and C ......... 5 10 x 20
LINN. JOURN.— BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII. E

Mo. i ot. arac ia

1908

50 ON THE BLAZE-CURRENTS OF VEGETABLE TISSUES.

These two observations were taken on a young pea; the next
is on an old pea :—

Before. After.

Between A and B ......... 95 100
» BandC......... 75 80
» A and C ......... 75 75

The conductivity is increased at the anode and at the kathode,
more so at the former than at the latter.

| i UJ. db

E I I E

$37. Experiment on a geranium-stalk to see whether the
alteration of resistance affects the substance as well as the skin,
whether it is interpolar as well as polar.— Deflection by -hth volt
through II before and after tetanisation through E E:

Before Exe. After Exc.
II .........e- 2:5 65
EE ................- 15 50

i. e., the interpolar region I I is affected by the excitation through
E E; the alteration is not an exclusively polar effect.
The effect of excitation II upon the resistance EE is, of course,
much less pronounced :
Before Exc. After Exc.

II sesers 1:75 12
EE ............... 25 2

INTERNATIONAL CATALOGUE OF
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BOTANY

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The second volume, for 1902, is now in the press.

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THE JOURNAL

OF

THE LINNEAN SOCIETY.

Vor. XXXVII. BOTANY. No. 258.

. CONTENTS.
Page
I. Some Notes on the “ Sudd "-Formation of the Upper
Nile. By A. F. Broun, Director of Woods and
Forests in the Soudan. (Communicated by C. H.

HR OU eeeriete hh COR E e 51
II. Descriptions of some New Species, and Notes on other
Chinese Plants. By W. J. Turcuer, F.L.S. ......... 58
III. A Revised Classification of Roses, 1905. By Joun
GILBERT BAKER, F.R.S., F.L.S. —...................... Ei
IV. Contributions to the Flora of Liberia. By Dr. Orr
uE AE o ue. de i 79

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LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.

LIST OF THE OFFICERS AND COUNCIL.
Elected 24th May, 1905.

PRESIDENT.
Prof. W. A. Herdman, D.Sc., F.R.S.

VICE-PRESIDENTS.

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Rev. Canon Fowler, M.A. Dr. Otto Stapf.
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P. Chalmers Mitchell, M.A., F.Z.S.

ON THE “SUDD "-FORMATION OF THE UPPER NILE. 51

Some Notes on the “ Sudd "-Formation of the Upper Nile. By
A. F. Brow, Director of Woods and Forests in the Soudan.
(Communieated by C. H. Wniaur, A.L.S.)

[Read 3rd November, 1904.7

Mvcnm has already been written about the vegetation of the
marshes of the Upper White Nile. Sir William Garstin's
admirable report on the Bahr el Jebel, published in 1901, not
only describes the chief constituents of the “ Sudd,” but also the
circumstances in which vast masses of floating vegetation are
moved hither and thither and block the waterways, by forming
dams (Arab “ sudd”) across them. A trip in a sailing-boat
undertaken in 1903, which kept me for about four weeks in that
country, and another shorter trip recently made, have enabled
me to add the following notes, which may be of interest as
tending to show the process of Sudd-formation.

The mouth of the Bahr el Jebel near Lake No, and at 627 miles
by river above Khartoum, may be taken as the northern gate of
the Sudd-region—a vast country of swamps, which stretches
westward across the mouths of all the tributaries of the Bahr el
Ghazal, which, with a stretch of the White Nile joined at
Lake No, roughly form the northern boundary. Eastward the
swamps reach in their northern portion as far as the some-
what higher land between the Bahr el Jebel and the arm of the
Nile known as the Bahr el Zeraf. To the south of the spot
where this arm leaves the Bahr el Jebel, at about 240 miles by
river to Lake No, the swamps stretch to the east perhaps as
faras the Upper Sobat. Southward the swamps extend to beyond
Gondokoro, but they are of lesser width at Bor, a Dinka village
about 380 miles by river from Lake No.

In the Sudan, when speaking of the “Sudd,” it is generally
understood that the portion of the river between Lake No and
Shamba is meant. Shamba is a military post situated on the
left bank 266 miles from Lake No. It was in this section
that, after the overthrow of the Dervish rule, the channel was
found to be blocked at several places by masses of floating vege-
tation, the clearing of which has cost the Egyptian Government
considerable sums of money, and the Sudan Government the
health and lives of many of its employés. In this portion the

LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII. F

52 MR. A. F. BROUN ON THE

river twists and turns through swamps which often stretch as far
as the eye ean reach from the top of the mast of a sailing-boat
or from the upper deck of a steamer. Near many of the bends
sheets of water, sometimes several square miles in extent, are to
be seen, and glimpses of other subsidiary channels are also
obtained. Here and there, especially in the southern portion of
the Sudd, lines of trees are visible in the far distance, showing
the limit of the swamps. In places, spits of low land dotted with
termite-hills, and with some trees and bushes, reach into the
swamps close to the main channel. There are also occasional
islands with similar vegetation; one of these is at Hillet en Nuer,
about halfway through the Sudd, and it served as base camp for
the recent Sudd operations. A short way to the south of this,
the clearing of one block has still to be completed, and boats have
now to make their way through a chain of large lakes. Near
Shamba the left bank, covered with an open forest of large trees,
comes to within a mile or so of the main channel.

The main channel is usually marked by a constant string of
floating vegetation, whieh may consist of solitary Pistia Stratiotes,
Linn., of masses of Cyperus Schimperianus, Schrad., and other
sedges, or of large or small clumps, usually varying according to
the state of the weather, of Papyrus, Panicum pyramidale, Lam.,
or Typha australis, Schum. & Thonn., the most common being
twisted strands of rhizomes of Panicum pyramidale, enclosing
smaller floating weeds such as Azolla nilotica, Decne., and Pistia.

Starting from Lake No, the channel is, for many miles, lined
on both sides by a continuous border of Papyrus, dotted here
and there by occasional clumps of Ambatch (Herminiera Ela-
phroxylon, Guill. & Perr.). This lining of tightly packed shoots,
some 10 to 15 feet high, is, in places where water is of the right
depth, of considerable thickness, but in shallower water large
stretches of Typha are visible behind the Papyrus hedge. These
stretches are dotted here and there with clumps of Papyrus and
Ambatch filling the deeper pools. In this portion of the Sudd
region Panicum pyramidale is not very common.

On inspection of the Papyrus fringe near the channel it will
be found that the mass is tightly bound together by numerous
twiners and climbers, the most common being Vitis ibuensis,
Baker, Vigna nilotica, Hook. f., and three species of Ipomea,
viz. I. Lindleyi, Choisy, I. palmata, Forsk., and J. reptans, Poir.
The last named has a hollow-jointed rhizome, which floats on the

“ SUDD "-FORMATION OF THE UPPER NILE. 53

surface and by means of its shoots binds together those given
out by the rhizomes of other plants. Among the Cucurbitacez,
Luffa egyptiaca, Mill., and Adenopus breviflorus, Benth., are also
common.

Amidst the tangle of rhizomes of the Papyrus other plants
also spring up, and their roots and the soil which they gather
fill up the interstices of the mass. The most showy of these are
Hibiscus diversifolius, Jacq., and Melanthera Brownei, Rohr.
The little bays and inlets and placid pools are covered with Pistia,
Azolla, Trapa bispinosa, Roxb., Hydrocotyle natans, Cyr., Utricu-
laria Oliveri, Kam., Jussiea diffusa, Forsk., J. pilosa, H. B. & K.,
Ceratophyllum sp., Nymphea Lotus, Linn., sedges, and others
enumerated in the list at the end of these notes.

Towards Hillet en Nuer the banks of the channel are often
better defined, and Papyrus is frequently replaced by the tall reed
Phragmites communis, Trin., while Panicum pyramidale, Lam.
(called “ Om-Suf,” or “ Mother-of-wool,” by the Arabs on account
of the irritant hairs at the base of the leaves), which has the
faculty of growing both in shallower and in deeper water than
Papyrus, not only occupies the land which is uncovered or
nearly so at low Nile, but forms a fringe in front of the Papyrus
in the bed of the channel. South of Hillet en Nuer Phragmites
is still more common, and is festooned by the same twiners
mentioned above, the most abundant being Ipomea palmata.

The islands and spits of land, which are only covered at high
Nile, are usually grown over with thick grass and sometimes
with open woods of small Acacia Suma, Kurz, or with scattered
trees, frequently growing on the top of termite-hills, chiefly
Cratæva religiosa, Forst., with some Borassus Jlabellifer, Linn.,
Hyphæne thebaica, Mart., Euphorbia Candelabrum, Trém., and
occasional Kigelia æthiopica, Decne., and Trichilia emetica, Vahl.
On the somewhat higher ground afforded by the termite-mounds
are also found a pretty white-flowered shrub, Clerodendron near
neriifolium, Vahl, also Capparis tomentosa, Lam., Sanseviera
guineensis, Willd., Withania somnifera, Dun., and bulbs of the
showy Hemanthus multiflorus, Martyn.

The Ambatch is much more abundant in the southern portion
of the Sudd, and forms woods of some extent, usually lining
channels of lakes.

Above Shamba the course of the river is, for some distance,
even more tortuous. At first the bends keep nearer to the left

F2

54 MR. A. F. BROUN ON THE

bank, but above Kenissa, the site of the old Austrian Mission of
Ste. Croix mentioned by Sir S. Baker, the course gradually
approaches the right bank, which only becomes visible far in the
distance some way above Shamba. At Bor it actually flows under
the high right bank. Above this point the main channel goes
from one bank to the other and back again, and, although the
marshes between the high banks on either side are still of con-
siderable width (at least as far as Mongalla, our southernmost
post, 474 miles above Lake No), the boundaries of the Nile Valley
above Bor are well defined.

As regards the vegetation of this part, it is striking that some
way above Shamba the banks begin to be better defined and that
Papyrus gives way gradually to Om-Suf, the former being, in the
southern swamps, only represented by clumps or belts denoting
depressions in the surface of the ground. The grass-covered
surface is dotted here and there with trees, either solitary or in
clumps, chiefly Crateva religiosa, Forst., Kigelia æthiopica,
Deene., and Ficus Sycomorus, Linn., the low banks being often
covered with fairly dense fringes of Sesbania egyptiaca, Pers.

It appears to me most likely that, at some time more or less
distant, the Nile debouched near Bor into a large lake, the
northern limit of which was marked by the rise of the ground
towards the Nuba hills in Kordofan, still marked by the Bahr el
Ghazal and the White Nile flowing from west to east as far as
the Sobat mouth. It is possible, and even probable, that this
lake did not, at first, occupy so wide an area as is now covered
by the swamps, but that it gradually became filled with silt, the
cone of dejection spreading northwards from Bor. This would
account for the present disappearance of Papyrus im the southern
portion of the swamps.

It is also easy to conceive how, as the waterin the lake became
shallower, its surface was covered with vegetation. Among the
plants growing on the shores of the lake were some furnished
with more or less tubular rhizomes which they sent out over the
surface of the water, and, being numerous, crossed and recrossed
each other and interlaced, thus forming rafts, sometimes of con-
siderable thickness and buoyancy. The most important of these
plants are now the chief Sudd plants: they are Cyperus Papyrus,
Panicum pyramidale, Phragmites communis, and Typha australis.
Of these the Panicum and the Phragmites have not only the
lightest and most tubular, but also the longest rhizomes. I have

* SUDD "-FORMATION OF THE UPPER NILE. 55

seen the whole channel of the Bahr el Arab choked with rhizomes
of the Panicum, while the rhizomes of the Phragmites, floating in
the Nile channel, are often 15 to 20 yards long.

The rafts formed by these plants were further strengthened by
twiners, which bound them and the shoots they gave out together.
Among these Ipomea reptans, which, as I have mentioned before,
has also tubular rhizomes and is thus able to reach the most
distant shoots, is the most important; but the other twiners,
as well as other plants, were soon able to germinate in the soil
deposited on the surface of the raft. Their roots and the soil
which they gathered, as well as floating waterweeds and vegetable
rubbish brought by the wind or currents, filled the interstices of
the raft and further eonsolidated it. These masses of vegetation
dropped their roots into the soft ooze at the bottom of the lake;
but a rise in the lake or a storm broke away portions of the rafts,
whieh drifted away until they anchored themselves in other
shallow places, where they again spread. These movements in
the masses of vegetation still take place, and have been fully
described by Sir William Garstin.

Although Ambatch is, at certain places in the swamps, e. g. the
southern part of the Sudd and in the Bahr el Ghazal swamps,
very abundant, Sir William Garstin is of opinion that it has no
claim to rank in importance, as a Sudd-forming plant, with the
species mentioned above. I quite agree with him and believe
that it only appears, with other plants, after the rafts of floating
vegetation have formed themselves, and that. at the best, it only
acts as anchors wbich help in fixing the rafts in one place and
thus form firm land.

That the soil is slowly forming and filling the bed of these
swamps, there is little doubt. The Nile in flood at Gondokoro
is well nigh as turbid as the Blue Nile when the latter is in flood ;
but a large proportion of this silt gets deposited on the roots of
the plants in the swamps, and in still waters the mud sinks to
the bottom. Successive layers of decomposing vegetation should
add materially in forming soil, and seeds of large riverside treos,
washed from above, may germinate and help in the work of
consolidation ; but, unfortunately, fierce fires sweep over the
whole country and the ashes of the plants are carried awav
by the wind and a large portion deposited in the channels and
carried away, while what seedlings of trees do germinate are:
with few exceptions, killed outright by the fires.

56 MR. A. F. BROUN ON THE

The work done by Nature, described above, if sure, is too slow
for our progressive times ; the immense volume of water which
spreads itself and is wasted in these vast swamps is wanted lower
down, to change desert and howling wilderness into smiling fields.
Mueh has been done by the great Irrigation Department of
Egypt, and among gigantie tasks which still await it is that of
draining the swamps of the Upper Nile.

Khartoum, 26th April, 1904.

List oF PLANTS SEEN IN THE SWAMPS OF THE UPPER NILE.

(a) Chief * Sudd”-formers.
Cyperus Papyrus, Linn.
Panicum pyramidale, Zam (“ Om-Suf.”)
Phragmites communis, Trin.
Typha australis, Schum. & Thonn,

(b) Lwiners and Climbers (all common).
Vitis ibuensis, Baker.
Vigna nilotica, Hook. f.
Luffa egyptiaca, Mill.
Adenopus breviflorus, Benth.
? Melothria cordifolia, Hook. f.
Ipomcea reptans, Poir.
I. palmata, Forsk.
I. Lindleyi, Choisy.

(c) Accessory “ Sudd "-formers (including water-plants
and plants which grow on the floating vegetation).

Nymphæa Lotus, Linn.
Hibiscus diversifolius, Jacq.
Herminiera Elaphroxylon, Guill. $ Perr.
Jussiza diffusa, Forsk.

J. pilosa, H. B. & K.

Trapa bispinosa, Roxb,
Hydrocotyle natans, Cyr.
Melanthera Brownei, Rohr.
Sonchus Bipontini, Aschers.
Utricularia Oliveri, am.
Polygonum lanigerum, R. Br.
P. tomentosum, R. Br.
Ceratophyllum sp.

Vallisneria spiralis, Zinn.
Boottia scabra, Benth.

* SUDD "-FORMATION OF THE UPPER NILE. 57

Ottelia ulveefolia, Walp.
Commelina nudiflora, Linn., cum var.
Pistia Stratiotes, Linn.

Lemna sp.

Potamogeton aff. pectinato, Linn.
Cyperus Schimperianus, Schrad.
C. dichrostachys, Hochst.

C. latifolius, Poir.

C. nudicaulis, Poir.

C. articulatus, Linn.

Marsilea diffusa, Lepr.

Azolla nilotica, Decne,

(d) Plants growing on low, periodically inundated land.

[Norr.—The trees the names of which are printed in small capitals are
often found growing in the midst of the Sudd, and, although now
probably fixed, may originally have started growing on the masses
of floating vegetation.)

Capparis micrantha, Rich. Shrub (scrambling),
C. Rothii, Oliver. Shrub.
CRATJEVA RELIGIOSA, Forst. Tree.
Malachra radiata, Linn. Herb. (Mouth of Bahr el Zeraf.)
Harrisonia abyssinica, Oliver. Shrub.
Trichilia emetica, Vahl. "Tree.
ZEschynomene aspera, Linn. Shrub.
Indigofera orthocarpa, Baker. Undershrub.
Sesbania egyptiaca, Pers. Shrub.
S. aculeata, Pers. Herb. (Bahr el Ghazal.)
Psophocarpus longepedunculatus, Hassk. Herb; climber.
Canavalia ensiformis, DC. Herb; climber.
ACACIA SEYAL, Del. Tree.
A. Suma, Kurz (syn. A. campylacantha, Hochst.). Tree.
A. verugera, Schweinf. Tree.
- Combretum sp. (near aculeatum, Vent.), Scrambling shrub.
Mollugo Spergula, Zinn. Herb.
Mitragyne africana, Walp. Tree. (On termite-hills, Bahr el Ghazal,)
Oldenlandia sp. (near decumbens, Hiern). Herb.
Enhydra fluctuans, Zour, Creeping herb.
Ethulia conyzoides, Zinn. Herb. (Mouth of Bahr el Zeraf.)
Marsdenia rubicunda, N. E. Br. Woody climber.
Cordia abyssinica, R. Br., var. Shrub.
C. subopposita, DC. Shrub or small tree.
Withania somnifera, Dun. Herb.
Kigelia æthiopica, Deene. Tree.
Asystasia coromandeliana, Nees. Herb.

58 MR. W. J. TUTCHER ON NEW SPECIES

Nelsonia campestris, R. Br. Herb.

Clerodendron sp. (near neriifolium, Vahl). Shrub. (On termite-hills.)
Ocimum gracile, Benth. Herb.

Euphorbia Candelabrum, 7rém. Tree.

? Fluggea microcarpa, Blume. Shrub. (On termite-hills.)

Ficus Sycomorus, Zinn. Tree.

F. capreefolia, Del. Shrub.

Celtis integrifolia, Zam. Tree.

Sanseviera guineensis, Willd. Herb. (On termite-hills.)
Hemanthus multiflorus, Martyn. Herb. (At foot of termite-hills. )
Hyphzne thebaica, Mart. Tree.

BORASSUS FLABELLIFER, Linn., var. HTHIOPICA, Warb. Tree.
Juncellus alopecuroides, C. B. Clarke. Herb.

Panicum (cf. $ Brachiaria).

Deseriptions of some New Species, and, Notes on other
Chinese Plants. By W. J. Tureen, F.L.S.

[Read 2nd February, 1905.]

THE species mentioned in the following paper were found on the
island of Hongkong, with two exceptions—one from Kowloon,
and the other from Wei-hai-wei.

NOTES ON THE FLORA.

The island of Hongkong lies just within the tropics, about
22° North latitude and 114° East longitude. It consists of
irregular granite mountain-ridges, the principal of which lies
east and west, and is broken up into several peaks—Mt. Victoria
in the west being the highest, 1800 feet, whilst Mt. Parker in
the east is not much less. The area of the island is about 29
square miles. There are two well-marked seasons—the rainy from
May to October, and the dry from October to May. The average
rainfall is about 85 inches a year, and most of this falls during
the south-west monsoon; the dry season corresponds to the
north-east monsoon. The hills are intersected with numerous
ravines, and it is in these ravines that the vegetation is richest,
more especially in the ravines on the north side of the island.
There are one or two exceptions to this, as the woods of the Happy
Valley on the north-east and those of Little Hongkong on the
south side prove. Approaching Hongkong from the south, one
is struck with the apparent bareness of the place, and it is not

AND OTHER CHINESE PLANTS. 59

until one gets near that this idea is dispelled. Most of the
vegetation, however, which strikes the eye is due to the work of the
Afforestation Department, as millions of Pinus Massoniana have
been planted during the last 30 years. In the ‘ Flora Hongkong-
ensis, published in 1861, Bentham enumerated 1053 species as
having been found on the island, 159 of which had not, at
that time, been obtained elsewhere. Bentham, however, remarked
that probably many of these 159 would be found on the main-
land of China when the Flora of that country was investigated.
This has proved to be tbe case, for I suppose that at the present
time not inore than 50 of these 159 remain peculiar to Hongkong.
Since the * Flora Hongkongensis' was published many additions
have been made to the Flora of the island by various collectors, so
that at the present time it amounts to about 1400 species. Of
these 350 or 400 additional species, about 50 have not been
observed out of the island, making a total of about 100 endemic
species. No doubt many of these will be found on the adjacent
mainland as we get to know more and more of its flora. It is
interesting to note that some of the species found in Hongkong
have not been procured nearer than Hupeh, a distance of about
600 miles north. I might mention examples in Machilus macro-
phylla and Limacia sagittata. In all probability these species
will be found in all the intervening country and perhaps still
farther north and south. Rhodoleia Championi, first discovered
by Champion in Hongkong, had not been obtained elsewhere until
Dr. Henry collected it in Yunnan, about 1000 miles west of
Hongkong. The Indian Quercus polystachya, found in Yunnan
by Dr. Henry, has been recently collected in Hongkong. Neither
of these plants has been collected at any place between these
two points, so far as I know. Lasia heterophylla, a Cingalese
and Indian plant, comes as far east as Tai-mo-shan in the New
Territory, and it has been found on the island of Cheung I, just
outside of Hongkong harbour, but it has not been found in
Hongkong itself. Additional species are constantly being found,
and not a year passes but some plant is added to the Flora.
Botanizing in Hongkong is a very difficult business, and it will
be many years before our knowledge of its Flora is complete.
It is quite impossible to get up many of the ravines on account
of the huge boulders that block the way. To proceed up the
sides one has often to eut a way through masses of Bamboo and
strong-growing creepers and shrubs. Many of the sides of the

60 MR. W. T. TUTCHER ON NEW SPECIES

hills are almost perpendicular, and after cutting a path through
to a likely spot, one is often confronted with a perpendicular
rock which bars all progress. The only thing to do is to make
the assault from another direction ; but this will give some idea
of how it is species are being constantly added to the Flora and
the difficulty of the collector.

Ferns are represented by over 100 species and grasses by
nearly as many. There are between 90 and 100 species of
Leguminosz, and between 70 and 80 of Cyperaces. The Com-
posites are between 60 and 70 and Orchids about 60. Although
many additions are found in almost inaccessible places, others,
on the other hand, are obtained in the most unlikely places, such
as alongside publie roads which are traversed daily. Sloanea
hongkongensis, for instance, grows quite close to and overhangs
a road leading from Mt. Vietoria to Aberdeen, a village on the
south side of the island. Lagerstremia Fordii, which was first
discovered on the island of Lantao, grows close to the road leading
from Pokfulum to Aberdeen. A curious instance of overlooking
à species which had been found by Champion 50 years ago may
here be noticed. Champion stated that Quercus Eyre? was
abundant in the Wong-nei-cheong wood, east of the Happy
Valley; but some years later Hance said he could uot understand
Champion making such a statement, as he could not find the plant
there at all, and came to the conclusion that an oak which he
found in the Happy Valley wood was the species Champion
referred to. Hance’s error is pointed out by Skan in the ‘ Index
Flora Sinensis, where Hance's plant is described as Quercus
alternata. All other collectors as well as Hance were unable
to find Champion's plant, and the only specimens known were
those in the Kew Herbarium. In the spring of last year I was
looking up the Hongkong Oaks, and wanted to get living
specimens of as many as possible, as some of them were not in
the Hongkong Herbarium, so I thought I could not do better
than look for Quercus Eyrei in the wood mentioned by Champion,
where to my surprise I found it without difficulty. It was quite
common in the wood, many of the trees being 30 feet high, and
some of them overhanging the public road. Mucuna macrobotrya,
stated by Hance to grow near the Buddhist Temple, Causeway Bay,
I have never been able to find, although I have often looked for it.

The general aspect of the Hongkong Flora is that of a more
northern latitude, although most of the species are tropical.

AND OTHER CHINESE PLANTS. 61

This is in a great measure due to the abundance of the Pine-tree,
which is by far the commonest tree in the island. Generally
speaking, the shrubs and trees have a stunted appearance, and
that luxuriance which one associates with the tropics is entirely
wanting. This is accounted for by the poorness of the soil, which
is nearly all disintegrated granite, and makes it all the more
remarkable that so large a number of species should be found on
such a small island. Showy flowering shrubs and creepers are
exceedingly numerous and the flowers are produced in the greatest
abundance. In every month of the year the hillsides are bright
with something or other.

Perhaps there are more shrubs in flower in April and May
than at any other time, but even in December and January there
are such things as Lurya japonica, Eurya Macartneyi, aud
Litsea citrata in flower. Eurya japonica is a most evil-smelling
plant when in flower, and it is not at all uncommon to hear
people complain of the bad drains when they pass a specimen of
it, as it has exactly that kind of smell. That it will give some
people **drain-throat" I can testify, having suffered from it
myself in this way.

The New Territory, in which is included the island of Lantao,
leased to Great Britain by China in 1898 has an area of about
300 square miles, or ten times the area of Hongkong. The
general features are those of Hongkong on a larger scale, as
there are several mountain-ridges split up into numerous peaks,
the highest of which is Tai-mo-shan, 3000 feet. Between these
ridges are several valleys which are highly cultivated. Looking
at the southern boundary of the New Territory from Hongkong,
it appears almost as barren as Aden, but on closer inspection it
is found that there are numerous ravines in which there is a
considerable amount of vegetation. Lantao is an island some-
thing like Hongkong, the highest peak of which rises to
3050 ft. Many of the ravines are well-wooded and will, no
doubt, yield many interesting plants when thoroughly explored,
and the same may be said of the ravines on the mainland.
Rubus hexagynus, an Indian species, has been found on Tai-mo-
shan, but nowhere elsein China. Rhododendron Championi was
considered to be confined to Hongkong until it was discovered
on one of the hills in the New Territory last year. Uncaria
hispida was found in Lantao a few years ago and in Hongkong last
year, but it is not known from elsewhere in China. Gironniera

62 MR. W. J. TUTCHER ON NEW SPECIES

nitida, first discovered in Hongkong, was found in Lantao a few
years ago, but it is not known from elsewhere. Rhododendron
Fordii and Rhododendron Westlandii have not been found out of
Lantao. This gives some idea of what an interesting ground the
New Territory is likely to prove.

Economic Botany.

Tree-planting has been carried out on a considerable scale in
Hongkong, but owing to the poorness of the soil it has been
confined principally to one species, Pinus Massoniana. Many
other kinds of trees have been tried but without success, unless
in particularly favoured situations. A beginning has also been
made in the New Territory, and this will probably be considerably
extended.

There is very little land suitable for agriculture in Hong-
kong, but in the New Territory there are some fine level tracts,
and there sugar and rice are the principal crops. Within
the last few years improved varieties of sugar-cane have
been introduced by the Government and are proving a success.
Since the British occupation pineapple cultivation has greatly
extended on the southern slopes of Tai-mo-shan and on the
island of Cheung I. Experimental cotton-growing has been takeu
up within the last year, but I am not in a position to state with
what result.

Irnrurorvw DUNNIANUM, Tutcher, n. sp.

Frutex 3-4-pedalis. Folia verticillata, lanceolata, acuminata,
4-5 poll. longa, 1-1 poll. lata, supra glabra, subtus pallida ;
petioli crassi, 4 poll. longi, purpurei. Flores solitarii in axillis
foliorum dispositi, pedicellis $ poll. longis (post anthesin longi-
oribus); braetes purpures, maxim: circiter 1 lineam longs.
Perianthii segmenta 17, in:qualia, minute ciliolata, minima 14
lineas longa, maxima 44 lineas longa et 3 lineas lata, obtusa,
ineurva, extus purpurea vel rubella, intus luteo-rubella.
Stamina 24, biseriata, antheris filamentis fere æquilongis.
Carpella 12, rostrata. Fructus non visus. (Herb. Hongkong
Bot. Gard. n. 966.)

This species differs from Jllictwm micranthum, Dunn, in
having twice the number of stamens and in the greater number
of carpels.

The above plant was found growing gregariously on the

AND OTHER CHINESE PLANTS. 63

banks of a stream at Sam-tam-lo in the British New Territory,
Kowloon, in March 1908, and I have named it after Mr. S. T.
Dunn, F.L.S., Superiutendent of the Botanical and Afforestation
Dept., Hongkong, from whom I have received every assistance
and encouragement in any botanieal work I have undertaken.

CAMELLIA BANKSIANA, Lindl. ?

Ihave been unable to find a complete description of this
plant, but Champion in the ‘Kew Journal of Botany,’ vol. iii.
p. 310, says :—“ Camellia Banksiana, Lindl., is, I believe, a
Hongkong species, but unknown to me. Some specimens
found on a hill near Mount Parker, and sent home by Mr. J.
Bowring previous to my arrival, were considered as belonging
to the C. Banksiana. Mr. Bowring mentioned its having
sweetly-perfumed flowers, so that it could scarcely be the same
as the C. assimilis, of which the flowers are scentless, notwith-
standing a general affinity in habit and in the white pendulous
flowers."

Several specimens of a Camellia which were found on
Mt. Parker in December, 1903, were referred by me to
C. assimilis, but Mr. Dunn pointed out that they differed from
that species, and on further examination I concurred with him.
The specimens differ from C. assimilis in having the styles free
for a greater distance, the capsule silky-hairy instead of glabrous,
the flowers sweet-scented, and in the hairiness of the stamens,
From Champion’s description quoted above, I am inclined to
believe that the specimens belong to C. Banksiana. (Herb.
Hongkong Bot. Gard. n. 968.)

U CAMELLIA CRAPNELLIANA, Tutcher, n. sp.

Arbor parva, 15-20-pedalis, ramis cortice lateritio-purpuraceis,
ramulis glabris. Folia 4-5 poll. longa, 13-2 poll. lata, obovata,
emarginate acuminata, serrulata, revoluta, glabra, subcoriacea,
venis subtus conspicuis; petioli crassi, circiter 3 poll. longi.
Flores in apicibus ramulorum, solitarii, sessiles, albi, 3—4 poll.
diametro. Bractez orbiculatz, extus sericew. — Sepala orbiculata,
extus sericea. Petala 6-8, obovata, extus leviter sericea.
Styli 3, distincti, glabri. Ovarium lanatum. Fructus ignotus.
(Herb. Hongkong Bot. Gard. n. 967.)

This species differs from Camellia reticulata, Lindl. in having
free, glabrous styles.

64 MR. W. J. TUTCHER ON NEW SPECIES

One tree only found on the south side of Mt. Parker in
April 1903, but not in flower then. When visited again in the
early part of December in the same year, the flowers were just
beginning to fade. The brick-coloured bark of this tree makes it
a very conspicuous object at a distance, and it was by this means
that it was discovered.

Named after Mr. A. E. Crapnell, Hongkong, who has often
aceompanied me on my botanieal excursions.

ZANTHOXYLUM OVALIFOLIUM, Hight *

Speeimens of, apparently, this species were found on the
southern slope of Mt. Parker in April, 1903. They differ from
the description of Z. ovalifolium in the rusty-tomentose
inflorescence and much thinner (papery) leaves. Further
specimens are required before the species can be determined
with certainty. (Herb. Hongkong Bot. Gard. n. 965.)

| CHISOCHETON HONGKONGENSIS, T'u£cher, n. sp.

Arbor parva, circiter 12-pedalis. Folia 1 ped. longa; petioli
6 poll. longi. Foliola 12-16, 4-6 poll. longa et 2-21 poll. lata,
oblonga, papyracea, opposita vel subopposita, obtusa vel emargi-
nata, supra glabra, subtus opaca, basi oblique acuta vel rotundata,
margine anguste revoluta; nervi 8-12-dupli; petioluli 1 poll.
longi. Ramuli juniores fulvo-pubescentes. Flores paniculati,
2 lineas longi; panicule ad apices ramulorum, axillares, erecte,
5-6 poll. longz. Calyx 5-dentatus, pubescens. Petala 5,
valvata, alba, extus pubescentia. Staminorum tubus truncatus
extus intusque sericeus. Antherz 8, sessiles, in tubo incluse.
Stylus glaber; ovarium pubescens. Fructus maturus glaber,
pyriformis, 12. poll. diametro. Semina oblonga, eastanea, aril-
lata, fere 1 poll. longa. (Herb. Hongkong Bot. Gard. n. 969.)

The fruits of this plant are somewhat like those of Chisocheton
patens, Blume, but the mode of inflorescence and the flowers,
which are 5-merous instead of 4-merous, are quite different. It
appears to be a very distinct species.

Discovered on the south side of Mt. Parker in April, 1903,
in fruit, but flowering specimens were not obtained until
December of the same year. The genus has not previously been
recorded from Chiua.

AND OTHER CHINESE PLANTS. 65

Mocuna Cuampiont, Benth.

The bracts of this species have not been noticed before, so far
as I am aware. They are four in number at each node of the
raceme, dark purple, broadly ovate and hairy on both surfaces.
The outermost bract is the largest, 1} in. long, and covers the
three others, which are somewhat smaller. The bracteoles are
two to each flower, the same colour as the bracts, and hairy on
both sides, narrow ovate or lanceolate in shape and about à inch
long. Both the bracts and bracteoles are very deciduous. The
racemes are produced on the previous year’s growths, and not on
the very old wood as is the case with some other species of the
genus. The leaflets are stipellate.

Mvcvxa Brrpwoonprana, Tutcher, n. sp.

Frutex sempervirens, alte scandens, ramulis ultimis ferrugineo-
pubescentibus. Folia trifoliata, subcoriacea; petioli 3-4 poll.
longi. Foliola petiolulata, exstipellata, ovato-oblonga (lateralia
obliqua), breviter acuminata, 4-6 poll. longa et 2-23 poll. lata,
supra glabra, subtus leviter pubescentia. Bractex 1 lin. longi,
ovate, citissimo decidus; bracteole 3 lineas longs, ovate, cito
deciduz, ferrugineo-pubescentes. Flores eburnei, 3-34 poll.
longi, carnosi, racemosi, racemis 1-1} ped. longis, 20-30-floris,
in ramis vetustioribus fasciculatis interdum in ramis junioribus
productis, pedicellis 4 poll. longis, crassis, ferrugineo-pubescenti-
bus. Calycis tubus fere 3 poll. longus, extus et intus ferrugineo-
pubescens, limbo bilabiato, labio superiore } poll. longo integro
vel interdum bidentato, labio inferiore trilobato, lobis tri-
angularibus infimo 4 poll. longo, lateralibus infimo brevioribus.
Vexillum 17 poll. longum ; al: 2? poll. long; carina 3-31 poll.
longa, unguiculata ; margines vexilli et alarum ciliolatæ.
Legumen lignosum, pubescens, 9-10 poll. longum, 1j poll.
latum, inter semina leviter constrictum suturis ambobus bi-
canaliculatis ; semina 5-6. (Herb. Hongkong Bot. Gard. n. 980.)

This species differs from Mucuna macrocarpa, Wall., in the
colour of the flowers and in the shorter, hairy pod. It has
been confused with Mucuna macrobotrys, Hance, from which it
differs in the colour of the flowers and in the entirely different
pod.

The plant was found many years ago by Mr. Ford on
Mt. Parker, and last year (1903) I found it at the same place,

66 MR. W. J. TUTCHER ON NEW SPECIES

as well as on Mt. Gough, flowering in April, and previously on
Tai-mo-shan in the New Territory, in fruit.

It is named out of eompliment to Colonel Birdwood, 110th
Mahratta Light Infantry, an enthusiastie botanist, who has
contributed many specimens to the Hongkong Botanic

Garden.

ARISTOLOCHIA Tawarresii, Hook. f.

This plant is figured in the * Botanical Magazine’ under
t. 4918, and is stated to bea native of Ceylon. Under t. 5295
in the same work this habitat is said to be wrong, and under
t. 5908 Old Calabar is given as the native place of the species.
Many years ago Mr. Ford collected the plant in Hongkong,
but no specimens can be found at Kew from that place,
although there are specimens in the Herbarium of the Hong-
kong Botanic Gardens collected by Mr. Ford. Last year
(1903) I found several specimens growing under Bamboos in a
wood on the south side of Wong-nei-cheong village, and later
on many other plants were found growing in crevices of the
almost perpendicular cliffs of the Black Mountain, a place
whieh is still likely to yield additions to the flora of the island,
as several have been made from that district during the last year
or so. (Herb. Hongkong Bot. Gard. n. 979.)

BnipELIA BALANS#, Tutcher, n. sp.

Arbor 15-20-pedalis; caudex spinosus, spinis 1-143 poll.
longis, crassis. Folia 3—4 poll. longa, oblonga, acuminata, acuta,
leviter revoluta, basi attenuata, supra glabra, subtus glauca,
venis primariis lateralibus $-10; petioli 4 poll. longi. Flores
9 parvi, pedicellati, dense glomerati, in axillis foliorum dis-
positi, pedicellis crassis, rugulosis, 1 lin. longis, calycis lobis
deltoideis extus intusque pubescentibus, l lin. longis. Flores
d non visi. Fructus ovoideus, purpureo-niger, fere 3 poll.
longus. (Herb. Hongkong Bot. Gard. n. 974.)

This plant has been confused in the Hongkong Herbarium
with Bridelia tomentosa, Blume, from which it is quite different
in foliage and fruit. Balansa found the plant in Tonkin and his
specimens in the Kew Herbarium bear the numbers 4122, 4123,
and 4124.

In Hongkong I know of only two trees, one in the Happy

AND OTHER CHINESE PLANTS. 67

Valley Woods above the Bowen Road, and the other in a wood
on the southern slope of Mt. Parker.

CLEIDION JAVANICUM, Blume.

One speeimen only of this species was found in a ravine south
of Sheko Gap in February of this year (1904). Not previously
recorded from China. (Herb. Hongkong Bot. Gard. n. 963.)

FICUS ALTISSIMA, Blume.

It is difficult to say whether this is a native of Hongkong or
not, but there are several fine specimens in the island and on
the Kowloon peninsula. Hance found it in the province of
Kwangtung near temples, and Dr. A. Henry collected it in
Hainan. (Herb. Hongkong Bot. Gard. n. 970.)

FICUS INFECTORJA, Roxb,

This species is frequently met with in Hongkong and is,
apparently, indigenous, although frequently planted for shade
purposes. Dr. A. Henry states that it is commonly planted
near shrines in China, but that he did not meet with it east of
Patung in Hupeh.

QUERCUS ITEAPHYLLA, Hance.

Fruits of this species were collected in March of this year
(1904) from trees growing in the woods on the east side of the
racecourse, Wong-nei-cheong, and others from trees found on
the hills above the Buddhist Temple, Causeway Bay. It
belongs, as Hance suspected, to the section Pasania. The cup is
scarcely 6 lines in diameter and 3 lines deep, silky on the inside.
The connate bracts are in 6 to S series. The acorn is ovoid,
glabrous, about 72 lines long including the umbo, which is 3 line.
(Herb. Hongkong Bot. Gard. n. 982.)

QUERCUS POLYSTACHYA, Wall.

Three trees of this species, about 20 feet high, were found on
the Black Mountain in February of this year (1904). Pre-
viously collected by Dr. A. Henry at Mengtze in Yunnan, but
not recorded from any other place in China. The acorns in the
Hongkong specimens are about j in. in diameter, somewhat
larger than those collected in other places. (Herb. Hongkong
Bot. Gard. n. 981.)

LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII. G

68 MR. W. J. TUTCHER ON NEW SPECIES

CASTANOPSIS Evnzr, W. J. Tutcher. (Quercus Eyrei, Champ.
ex Benth. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. vi. (1854) p. 114.)

This plant was described in the ‘Kew Journal of Botany’
fifty years ago, but when its description was made out Bentham
had not seen the female flowers or fruits, and although
Champion states that the tree was abundant in the Wong-nei-
cheong wood on the east side of the Happy Valley, it apparently
has never been again collected until last March (1904). This
appears the more remarkable when it is stated that the
tree is still common in the wood referred to by Champion and
that speeimens about 30 feet high overhang the publie road,
which must have been used by various collectors from time
to time. At the time of my visit the trees were past fruit, but I
was successful in finding a part of an involucre which was
sufficient to prove that the plant belongs to Castanopsis as
constituted at present. ‘his fragment showed the iuvolucre to
be about ? in. long with about 5 rows of compound spines.
Better material is needed before a complete description of the
fruit can be given.

ALSOPHILA PODOPHYLLA, Hook., var. PROCUMBENS, Tutcher,
n. var.

Caudex procumbens, 10 poll. longus et 2 poll. diametro,
frondibus pinnatis, 2-24 ped. longis, stipite 1-14 ped. longo.
(Herb. Hongkong Bot. Gard. n. 977.)

Specimens of this fern were found in a ravine on the south
side of Sheko Gap, in February 1904. It was found previously
by Balansa, no. 33 (in Kew Herbarium), in Tonkin. It struck
me as being a new species on account of the procumbent
caudex and the simply-pinnate fronds; but Mr. C. H. Wright,
of the Herbarium, Royal Gardens, Kew, considers it to be a
variety of Alsophila podophylla only.

I may mention that there were no specimens of typical
A, podophylla seen in the locality where these plants were
collected. Young plants of true A. podophylla assume an upright
position and produce bipinnate fronds at a very early stage, but
it is several years before they bear fertile tronds.

Portypopium (8 Puymaropes) Marurwit, Tutcher, n. sp.
Rhizoma repens, gracile, squamis castaneis lanceolatis. Stipes
gracilis, fere niger, glaber, 1-2 poll. longus. Frons ovata,

AND OTHER CHINESE PLANTS. 69

integra, obtusa, j-3 poll. longa, 3-3 poll. lata, subcoriacea,
supra et subtus nuda, margine revoluta, costa et venis primariis
lateralibus conspicuis inira margines anastomosantibus, areolis
et venulis tenuissimis, soris 2-3, majusculis, uniseriatis inter
costam et marginem propius ad costam quam marginem. (Herb.
Hongkong Bot. Gard. n. 854.)

This small fern was collected in Wei-hai-wei by Staff-Surgeon
C. G. Mathew, R.N., of H.M.S. ‘Eclipse? who has presented
useful eollections of plants from Corea, Wei-hai-wei, and
Shanghai to the Hongkong Herbarium. He has also made
several additions to the Flora of Hongkong.

Mr. C. H. Wright has kindly informed me that the species 1s
near P. oodes, Kunze. It is much smaller than P. oodes and the
sori are in series instead of being scattered.

GYMNOGRAMME ELLIPTICA, Baker, var. FURCANS, Tutcher,
n. var. ; pinnis superioribus multo fureatis, inferioribus multo
incisis.

Several plants were found in a ravine on the south side of
Mt. Parker in December, 1908.

POSTSCRIPT.
Dunnta, gen. nov. Rubiacearum, Tutcher.

Frutex 5-pedalis, ramis crassis, ramulis junioribus pubes-
centibus. Folia opposita, oblanceolata, breviter acuminata,
8 poll. longa, 2 poll. lata, brevissime petiolata vel sessilia, supra
glabra, subtus opaca, costa venisque leviter pubescentibus, venis
primariis lateralibus utrinque 16-20, conspicuis, intra margines
anastomosantibus, venulis reticulatis. Stipule late, laciniate,
persistentes, pubescentes. Flores cymosi; cymæ corymbosz,
terminales. Calycis lobi 5, minuti, acuti, persistentes; circiter
unum lobum bracteiforme in omni eymula; lobus bracteiformis
albus, ovatus. Corolla? Fructus capsularis; capsula crus-
tacea, globosa, } poll. diam., septicide dehiscens, 2-valvis, valvis
2-partitis. Semina numerosa, orbicularia, peltata, fimbriata,
rugulosa, 1 lin. diam.

This genus has afiinity with Emmenopterys and Mussen-
dopsis. It differs from both in having persistent calyx-lobes

G2

70 MR. J. G. BAKER: A REVISED

and in the fruit and seeds. It also differs from Hmmenopterys
in its persistent stipules.

DUNNIA SINENSIS, Tutcher, species unica. (Herb. Hongkong
Bot. Gard. n. 910.)

This plant was found by Mr. Dunn’s native collector at
Sanning, Kwangtung, last year (1904). The specimens were in
fruit only.

17 February, 1905. W. J.T.

A Revised Classification/of Roses, 1905.
By Joun GILBERT Baker, F.R.S., F.L.S.

[Read 16th February, 1905.]

THREE valuable Rose-monographs which have recently been
published to a large extent fill the gap which was left by
the long-expeeted monograph of the late Professor Crépin
never having been completed. These are Dr. Keller's account
of the Roses, in Ascherson & Graebner’s ‘Synopsis of the
Flora of Central Europe’; the very careful and elaborate
account of the French Roses, in Rouy & Foucaud's new * Flora
of France’; and Dr. Focke’s description of the Roses, in the
third edition of Koch’s * Synopsis,’ now in course of publication
under the editorship of Dr. Hallier. Reference should also be
made to Dr. Christ's book on the Swiss Roses, and his account
of the Oriental Roses in the supplementary volume of Boissier's
‘Flora Orientalis, and to Burnat & Gremli's * Roses des Alpes
Maritimes, and its Supplement, and to Burnat’s * Flore des Alpes
Maritimes.’ The consensus of opinion in all recent investigators
of the genus points to the conclusion that a great deal of the
difficulty that arises is due to the facility with which Roses
hybridise. I have therefore drawn up the following Catalogue
of the species, varieties, and principal hybrids, to replace that
which I contributed to the ‘ Gardeners’ Chronicle’ twenty
years ago, and was printed in that journal, August 15, 1885,
p. 199, and reprinted in the * Journal of Botany’ for the same
year, pp. 281-286.

71

CLASSIFICATION OF ROSES.

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72 MR. J. G. BAKER: A REVISED

SUBSPECIES
AND VARIETIES.

PRIMARY SPECIES, PRINCIPAL HYBRIDS.

Group I. Simplicifoliz.
1. R. SIMPLICIFOLIA, Salisb,— Orient.

(R. berberifolia, Pall.)
R. Hardii, Cels.

(simplicifolia x involucrata).
Group II. Systylæ.
2. R. ARvENSIS, Huds.—Europe.
(R. repens, Scop.)
R. capreolata, Neill.

R, perviridis, Gren,
(arvensis X sempervirens).

R. rusticana, Déségl.
(arvensis X stylosa).

R. Melsini, Towndr.
(arvensis X canina).

co

R. SEMPERVIRENS, Linn.--South Europe.
R. scandens, Miller.
R. prostrata, DC.
R. longicuspis, Bert. —India.
4. R. LEsCHENAULTIANA, Wight & Arn.—Neilgherries.

e

R. MOSCHATA, Herm.—S. Europe, N. Africa, Asia.
R. Brunonis, Lindl.
R. Pissardi, Carriére—Persia.
R. abyssinica, R. Br.— Abyssinia.
R. nivea, Duport.
(moschata x gallica).
6. R. PHÆŒNICEA, Boiss.—Orient.
R. byzantina, Dieck.
( phanicea x gallica).
7. R. MULTIFLORA, Thunb.—Japan.

R. Lucie, Franch. & Savat.
R. anemoneflora, Fortune.

(multiflora x Banksie).
R. polyantha, Hort.
(multiflora X indica).
8. R. WICHURÆANA, Crépin—Japan.
Wichureana x rugosa and
many others.
9. R. WATSONINANA, Crépin—Japan.
10. R. seriGEnA, Michx.—N. America.
setigera x gallica.
ll. R. srvrosa, Desv.— Europe.
(R. systyla, Bast.)
R. virginea, Ripart.

CLASSIFICATION OF ROSES. 73

) SUBSPECIES
PRIMARY SPECIES, > PRINCIPAL HYBRIDS.
AND VARIETIES.

Group III. Banksianæ.
12. R. BAxxsrz, R. Br.— China.
R. lutea, Hort.
R. Collettit, Crépin—Birma.
R. Fortuneana, Lindl.
( Banksic x levigata).

13. R. Microcarpa, Lindl.— China,
(R. indica, L., ex parte.)
14. R. LÆVIGATA, Michx.— China.

(R. sinica, Lindl., non Ait.)
Anemone (lævigata X indica).

Marie Leonidas
(levigata X bractescens).
Group IV. Bracteatæ.

15. R. invotucrata, Roxb.—Ind. Or.

(R. Lyellii, Lindl.)

(E. clinophylla, Thory.)
16. R. BRAcTESCENS, Wendl.—China.

CR. lucida, Lawr. non Ehrh.)

Group V. Microphyllæ.
17. R. MICROPHYLLA, Lindl., non Retz.—China,

Group VI. Cinnamomeæ.
Old World.
18. R. CINNAMOMREA, Linn.— Europe, N. Asia.
(R. majalis, Herm.)
(R. davurica, Pallas.) R. francofurtana, Munch.
(R. turbinata, Ait.)
(cinnamomea X gallica).
19. R. MACROPHYLLA, Lindl.—-Himalayas, China.
(R. Davidi, Crépin.)
20. R. PnATTI, Hemsl.—Tibet.

21. R. SERICEA, Lindl. — Himalayas, &c.
(R. tetrapetala, Royle.)
22. R. WEBBIANA, Wall.—Himalayas.
23. R. ACICULARIS, Lindl.—N. Europe, N. Asia, N. America.
(R. carelica, Fries.)
(R. Gmelini, Bunga.)
(R. Engelmanni, S. Wats.)
R. nipponensis, Crépin.

74 MR. J. G. BAKER: A REVISED

SUBSPECIES
AND VARIETIES.

PRIMARY SPECIES. PRINCIPAL HYBRIDS.

Cinnamomeæ (cont.).

Old World.
24. R. LAXA, Retz. non Lindl.—Siberia.

25. R. FEDSCHENKOANA, Regel—Turkestan.

26, R. BEGGERIANA, Schrenk—Central Asia.
R. anserinefolia, Boiss.

27. R. ELYMArTICA, Boiss.—Persia.

bo
d
E

t. RUGOSA, Thunb.—Japan Ke.
R. kamschatica, Vent.
R, Twara, Sieb. & Zucc.
(rugosa x multiflora).
R. calocarpa, André.
(rugosa x indica),

and many others.
few World.

29. R. CAROLINA, Linn.—Eastern States.
(R. hudsoniana, Thory.)

30. R. viraintana, Miller, non K. Koch—Eastern States,
(R. lucida, Ehrh.)

9l. R. numis, Marsh.—Eastern States.
(R. parviflora, Ehrh.)
R. lancifolia, Small.
32. R. NITIDA, Willd.—North-eastern States.

33. R. FOLIOLOSA, Nutt.—Texas and Arkansas.
R. mexicana, S. Wats.—Mexico.

94. R. GYMNOCARPA, Nutt.— Western States.

35. R. CALIFORNICA, Cham. & Schlecht.—California.
R. piscicarpa, A. Gray.

36. R. Woopsr, Lindl.—Rocky Mountains.

37. R. Fenpiert, Crépin—Rocky Mountains.

38. R. NUTKANA, Presl—N.W. America.

Group VII. Spinosissime.

39. R. EGLANTERIA, Linn.—Orient.
(R. lutea, Miller.)
R. punicea, Miller.

CLASSIFICATION OF ROSES. 75

SUBSPECIFS
PRIMARY SPECIES. - PRINCIPAL HYBRIDS.
AND VARIETIES.

40. R. HEMISPHÆRICA, Herm.— Orient.
(R. sulphurea, Ait.)
R. Rapini, Boiss,
41. R. PLATYACANTHA, Schrenk—Central Asia.
(R. xanthina, Lindl. ?, Crépin.)
R. Ece, Aitch.
42. R. SPINOSISSIMA, Linn.—Europe, N. Asia.
(R. pimpinellifolia, Linn.)
R. altaica, Willd.—Siberia.
(2. grandiflora, Lindl.)
R. Alberti, Regel—Turkestan.
R. myricantha, DC.—S. Europe.
R. hispida, Sims—Siberia,
(R. lutescens, Pursh.)
R. rubra, Hort,
R. rubella, Sm.
(R. gentilis, Sternb.)
(R. reversa, Waldst. & Kit.)
(spinosissima X alpina).
e. involuta, Sm.
(R. Sabini, Woods.)
(R. coronata, Crépin.)
CR. Robertsoni, Baker.)
(R. Wilsoni, Borr.)
(spinosissima X tomentosa).
R. dichroa, Leresch.
(spinosissima x mollis).
R. sabauda, Rapin.
(spinosissima X glauca).
R. hibernica, Sm.
(R. Schultzii, Ripart.)
(spinosissima X canina).
R. biturigensis, Boreau.
(spinosissima X rubiginosa).
43. R. ALPINA, Linn.—Central Europe.
R. pyrenaica, Gouan.
R. Malyi, Kerner.
R. oplisthes, Boiss.—Caucasus.

44. R. MINUTIFOLIA, Engelm.—S. California.

45. R. STELLATA, Wootton—New Mexico.

76 MH. J. G. BAKER: A REVISED

SUBSPECIES
PRIMARY SPECIES. PRINCIPAL HYBRIDS.
AND VARIETIES.

Spinosissimæ (con/.)
46. R. BLANDA, Ait.—N. America.
(R. virginiana, K. Koch, non Miller.)
R. lava, Lindl., non Retz.
R. fraxinifolia, Borkh,
R. Willmottiana, Baker.
R. Sayi, Schwein.
R. arkansana, Porter.
blanda X rugosa.
Group VIII. Gallicane.
47. R. GALLICA, Linn.— Central and South Europe.
R. provincialis, Miller.
R. centifolia, Linn.
F. muscosa, Miller.
R. pomponia, DC.
R. parvifolia, Ehrh.
R. damascena, Miller.
R, bifera, Poir.
(gallica x moschata).
( R. arvina, Krock,
| R. geminata, Rau.
4 R. hybrida, Schleich.
| R. gallicoides, Baker.
LR. Polliniana, Spreng.
(gallica X arvensis).
48. R. sancta, A. Hich.—Abyssinia.

Group IX. Canine.
49. R. ixpicA, Linn. ex parte— China.
R. semperflorens, Curt.
. Lawrenceana, Sweet.
. odoratissima, Sweet.
. pseudo-indica, Lind],
. longifolia, Willd.

Naas

R. Bourboniana, Thory.
(indica x gallica).
| R. Noisettiana, Thory.
| R. floribunda, Andr.
(indica x moschata).
R, reclinata, Thory.
(indica x alpina).
R. Ruga, Lind).
(indica X arvensis).

CLASSIFICATION OF ROSES. 77

SUBSPECIES
PRIMARY SPECIES, PRINCIPAL HYBRIDS.
AND VARIETIRS.

90. R. GIGANTEA, Collett—Upper Birma, &c.

51. R. CANINA, Linn.— Europe, West Asia.

. caucasica, Pall,

, dumalis, Bechst.

. urbica, Leman.

. dumetorum, Thuill.

. Montezume, H. b, K.
. obtusifolia, Desv.

and many others.

eU md y RS EDoRd

( R. alba, Linn.,
| R. incarnata, Miller,
4 R. collina, Jacq.,
| and many others.
| R. macrantha, Desf.
(canina x gallica).
52. R. evauca, Vill.—Europe.
(R. Reuteri, Rapin.)
R. subcristata, Baker.
R. coriifolia, Fries.
R. Watsoni, Baker.
and many others.
R. salevensis, Rapin.
(glauca x alpina).
53. R. TOMENTELLA, Leman—Europe.

54. R. FERRUGINEA, Vill.—Centrai Europe.
(R. rubrifolia, Vill.)
55. R. MONTANA, Chaix—Central Europe.
R. rhetica, Keller.
R. abietina, Gren.
R. Chavini, Rapin.

56. R. PovziNI, Tratt.—Southern Europe.
R. Diomedis, Gren.
R. Beatricis, Burn. & Gremli,
R. gallinaria, Burn. & Gremli.

Group X. Villosæ.
57. R. POMIFERA, Herm.—Central Europe.
(R. villosa, Linn., ex parte.)
R. recondita, Puget.
R. Dicksoni, Lindl.
( pomifera X cinnamomea).

78 A REVISED CLASSIFICATION OF ROSES.

SUBSPECIES
PRIMARY SPECIES, PRINCIPAL HYBRIDS.
AND VARIETIES.

Villosæ (con.).
58. R. MOLLIS, Sm.—Europe.
(R. mollissima, Fries, non Willd.)
59, R. ORIENTALIS, Dupont—Orient,
60. R. TOMENTOSA, Sm.—Europe.
R. subglobosa, Sm.
R. scabriuscula, Winch.
R. cinerascens, Dumort.
R. omissa, Déségl.
j spinulifolia, Demar.
R, hawrana, Knet.
(tomentosa x alpina).
R. Mareyana, Boul.
(tomentosa X gallica).
61. R. HEckELIANa, Tratt.—Sicily to Greece.
Group XI. Rubiginosz.
62. R. JuNDziLLI, Bess.— Central Europe.
(R. trachyphylla, Rau.)
63. R. nuniarNosa, Linn.—Europe.
R. jemensis, M. Schultz.
Lady Penzance
(rubiginosa X lutea)

and many others.
64. R. MICRANTHA, Sm.— Europe.

(E. nemorosa, Libert.)
R. micranthoides, Keller.
R. hungarica, Kerner.
R. Driggsii, Baker.
65. R. aGrestis, Savi—Central and Southern Europe.
(R. sepium, Thuill.)
R. elliptica, Tausch.
R. graveolens, Gren,
R. nodosa, Vries
(R. Klukii, Bess.).
R. caryophyllacea, Bess.
R. arabica, Crépin.
66. R. GLUTINOSA, Sibth. & Sm.--Orient.
R. sicula, Tratt.—-Sicily.
67. R. SERAPHINI, Viv.— Corsica.
68. R. FEROX, Bieb.—Crimea.
69. R. ASPERRIMA, Godet— Persia.

ON THE FLORA OF LIBERIA. "79

Geographical Distribution.—Five Roses are found south of
the Tropic of Cancer, viz.: A. moschata and R. sancta in Abys-
sinia, R. Leschenaultiana in the Neilgherries, and R. mexicana
and R. Montezume, H. B. K., in Mexico. The latter is only a
form of R. canina, so probably it has been introduced. In the
North Temperate Zone there are six well-marked Rose-regions,
a considerable proportion of the species inhabiting each being
endemie. These are:—(1) Europe, including North Africa;
(2) the Orient, excluding the European eountries included in
Boissier's * Flora Orientalis"; (3) Northern and Central Asia,
including China and Japan; (4) India; (5) Western United
States and Rocky Mountains; and (6) the Eastern United
States. Of these districts the richest in Roses is Europe with
North Africa, which has 29 species. North and Central Asia,
including China and Japan, closely follows it, with 26 species.
The other districts have much smaller numbers—the Asiatic
portion of the Orient having 18, India 9, the Western United
States 10, and the Eastern United States 6 species.

Contributions to the Elora of Liberia.
By Dr. Orro Starr, F.L.S.

[Read 16th March, 1905.]

Tu subject of this paper includes a number of new species, some
of them belonging to new genera, which were collected by
Mr. Alexander Whyte in the Republic of Liberia during several
expeditions undertaken by him last year on behalf of Sir H. H.
Johnston acting for the Monrovian Rubber Company. As I
wish to confine myself in this place to technical descriptions of
the novelties in Mr. Whyte's collections, I abstain from an
attempt to give a general account of the flora of Liberia,
reserving that for another occasion. It may suffice to say that
the collections were made in the following localities :—

(1) At Monrovia and in its vicinity, within a radius of 6 miles,
in February during the dry season, the ground being described
as covered with second forest-growth on abandoned farms, and
as flat with many lagoons and backwaters.

80 DR. OTTO STAPF ON

(2) In the hinterland of Monrovia, within a radius of 20 miles
of a place called Karkatown.

(3) In the basin of the Sinoe River, from Sinoe as far as
Soyos’ Town in the Kuru (or Kulu) country, about 80 miles
inland, in March and April, during a period of extremely hot
weather. “ Physical features of the country flat and covered with
dense virgin-forest, except where native gardens have been made
and where the forest-growth rushes up with amazing rapidity.
Rainfall very abundant; climate moist and humid all the year
round. Country under water in very wet weather and travelling
almost impossible, as no roads exist, or even traees of forest
footpaths.”

As there are no special labels with the specimens, I am
obliged to give the localities in a summary way. The collections
comprise over 260 species. To these Mr. D. Sim, an employee
in the service of the Monrovian Rubber Company, also con-
tributed; but as I have already described the novelties dis-
covered by him in * Flora of Tropical Africa,’ vol. iv. pp. 595-
610, his name does not appear in this paper*. Out of these 260
aud odd species I have to record 4 new genera and 58 new
species, or, including those described previously, 67 new species,
certainly a very considerable percentage. This will, however,
appear less surprising if we bear in mind that Liberia is, perhaps
with the exception of the French Ivory Coast, the least explored
part of the West-African littoral, and that up to 1904 not more
than about 200 species were known from the whole territory
of the Republic, the area of which is estimated at 36,800 square
miles, or a little more than two-thirds the area of England.
Moreover, almost the whole of the earlier collections were made
at Grand Bassa and Cape Palmas, that is outside the districts
explored by Whyte and Sim. That Liberia is likely to yield a
great many new species is also suggested by the results of
Mr. Dinklage’s excursion to Grand Bassa and Cape Palmas in
1898, numerous new species having been described by the Berlin
botanists from his collections. At the same time, it must be
remarked that all the new species described here belong to types
of a higher order, characteristic of the West-African flora,
or extending over larger parts of the tropics. As might be
expected, Liberia, to judge by the little we know, presents itself

* See note on p. 115.

THE FLORA OF LIBERIA. S1

as a section, with rather artificial boundaries, of the great natural
region which extends from the Senegal in the north to the
Kunene in the south. Its flora has, no doubt, a strong local
colouring, but it is rather of the specific than the generic
order. Its nearest affinity is, of course, with Sierra Leone,
and not a few of the species described here are representative
forms of that country. Even three of the four new genera
proposed by me are not endemic in Liberia. One, Urobotrya,
extends to Sierra Leone, whilst the other two, A£rovxima and
Afrodaphne, range over a stil greater portion of West Africa
aud comprise species hitherto referred to old genera.

Finally, I have to remark that the whole of Whyte’s and
Sim’s collections were presented to Kew by Sir H. H. Johnston,
and to thank Mr. C. B. Clarke and my colleagues Messrs. N. E.
Brown, T. A. Sprague, and C. H. Wright for their help in
working out certain orders, and Dr. James Clark for his assist-
ance in dissecting species which had to be taken into account for
purposes of comparison.

The sequence of genera is that of Bentham and Hookers
* Genera Plantarum.

Tetraceras leiocarpa, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis T. potatorie,
Afz., a qua differt imprimis carpellis glaberrimis vel pilis paucis
minutis aspersis, folliculis levissimis, arilo magis lacerato,
semine fere duplo majore.

Folia et panicule ut in T. potatoria nisi folia glabra vel subtus
parcissime pilosa. Sepala 5-9, late rotundato-elliptiea, majora
3 lin. longa, extus glabra vel sparse minute pubescentia margine
ciliata, intus sericeo-tomentosa. Petala 2-3, elliptica, caducis-
sima. Carpella circiter 4, glaberrima vel pilis paucis minutis
aspersa. Folliculi obovoidei, abrupte in cuspidem (stylum
persistentem) contracti, 3 lin. longi, lævissimi, nitidi, olivacei,
Semina subglobosa, ad 23 lin. dimetientia, testa rugosa, arillo
pallido ad vel ultra medium lacerato, laciniis tenuibus.

Karkatown, Whyte.

The follicles of T. potatoriu are very conspicuously sulcato-
striate, and the largest seed I have seen was only 14 lin. long.

Popowia Whytei, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis P. Vogelii, Baill.,
differt foliis firmioribus subtus vix glaucis, floribus sericeo-
tumentosis.

82 DR. OTTO STAPF ON

Ramuli floriferi 14 lin. crassi, cortice atro-cinereo. Folia
subelliptiea, obtusa, 33-6 poll. longa, 2-21 poll. lata, subcoriacea,
glabrescentia, supra pallide viridia, infra subglauca, nervis
lateralibus 8-9 obliquis venarum reticulatione tenui; petiolus
2 lim. longus, erassiusculus. Flores 2-5, fasciculati; pedicelli
bracteaque minute, fulvo-tomentoss. Sepala late ovata, tenuiter
tomentosa, 3 lin. paulo longiora. Petala exteriora vix 2 lin.
longa, extus tenuissime tomentella, interiora dimidio minora,
glabra, omnia crassa. Stamina 9 ; anthere subsessiles, connectivo
quadrato, obseure glanduloso, loculis lateralibus ; staminodia
nulla. Carpella numerosa, tomentosa, 2-ovulata.

Sinoe Basin, Whyte.

The leaves are, as in Popowia Vogelii, more or less pubescent
when young, the fine adpressed and scattered hairs disappearing
later on.

Kolobopetalum ovatum, Stapf (sp. nov.); affine K. auriculato,
Engl., sed foliis ovatis basi rotundatis integris, paniculis robusti-
oribus, filamentis 6 ad fere apicem in columnam brevissimam
connatis distinctum.

Planta glaberrima. Folia ovata, basi rotundata, abrupte in
acumen obtusiusculum contracta, ad 4 poll. longa, ad 22 poll.
lata, tenuia, nervis lateralibus utrinque 4-5, infimis e basi ortis
uti venis vix prominulis. Panicule ad 8 poll. longe, divaricato-
ramoss, ramis infimis ad 2 poll. longis. Flores d minuti, 1-2
in axillis braetearum lanceolato-caudatarum 1 lin. longarum;
pedicelli pertenues, breves. Sepala 6, interiora longiora, late
elliptica, ad 1 lin. longa. Petala 6, obovata, apice rotundata,
exunguiculata, à lin. longa. Filamenta fere tota longitudine
connata; anther loculis confluentibus transverse dehiscentes,
valva interiore minore. Flores 9 fructusque ignoti.

Sinoe Basin, Whyte.

Nymphza Lotus, Z., var. sinoéensis, Stapf (var. nov.). Folia
tenuia, integra. Flores vix 3 poll. diametro. Sepala extus ex
toto vel preter marginem album pulchre violacea, ad 14 poll.
longa, ad 5 lin. lata.

Sinoe Basin, Whyte.

Alsodeia prasina, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis 4. Afzelii, Engl.,
differt floribus minoribus, calyce pro ratione majore, antherarum
appendiculo cochleariformi.

THE FLORA OF LIBERIA. 83

Planta glaberrima. Ramuli novelli pallide virides. Folia
oblonga vel oblongo-lanceolata, basi obtusa vel subaeuta, apice
acuminata, margine plerumque magis minusve serrata vel crenato-
serrata, ad 8 poll. longa, ad 3 poll. lata, subcoriacea, pallide
viridia, nervis lateralibus utrinque 7-10, venarum reticulatione
subtus laxa, supra plerumque aretiore ; petiolus ad 1 poll. longus.
Panicule ad 33 poll. longs, fere a basi ramos; rami infimis
exceptis 4 poll. vix excedentes; bracteæ parve, ovate, sub-
scariose ; pedicelli brevissimi. Sepala rotundato-ovata, interiora
ad 13 lin. longa, ciliolata, prominenter nervosa. Petala oblonga,
2 lin. longa. Staminum tubus brevis, truncatus, utrinque glaber ;
authere in tubi margine sessiles, eum connectivi appendice
exteriore ovato 1 lin. longæ, appendiculo interiore rhomboideo
cochleariformi.

Within 6 miles of Monrovia, Whyte.

Engler (in Bot. Jahrb. xxxiii. p. 140) enumerates Zenkers
no. 1778 from Bipinde under Alsodeia kamerunensis, Engl.,
which is described as having a 5-lobed staminal tube with
broad, deltoid, truncate lobes. The specimen at Kew from
Zenker’s collection, no. 1778, has a staminal tube very like that
of A. prasina, and it also resembles it in other respects; but it
differs in the nerves of the sepals not being raised and the
hairiness of the inner side of the staminal tube and the edges of
the bases of the thecæ.

Alsodeia Whytei, Stapf (sp. nov.) ; affinis A. brachypetale,
Turez., sed foliis minoribus, petiolis brevioribus tenujoribus,
inflorescentiæ pubescentia tenuissima, antherarum thecis obscure
mueronatis, connectivi appendice latiore acuto differt.

Ramuli pallide virides, minute puberuli vel elabri. Folia
lanceolata vel elliptico-lanceolata, acuminata, basi subaeuta,
margine magis minusve serrulata, 2-4 poll. longa, 14-2 poll.
lata, tenuia, utrinque glabra vel inferne in dorso sparse puberula,
pallide viridia, nervis lateralibus utrinque 6-9 uti venis tenuibus ;
petiolus gracilis, 4-9 lin. longus. Paniewle 12 poll. longe,
pubescentes, breviter ramos» ; bracteæ ovate vel lanceolate, ad
1 lin. longe; pedicelli ad 14 lin. longi. Sepala late ovata,
interiora ad 1j lin. longa, tenuiter pubescentia, margine albido-
ciliolato. Petala anguste ovato-oblonga, 2 lin. longa. Staminum
tubus brevis, truncatus; anthere in tubi margine sessiles, cum

LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII. H

84 DR. OTTO STAPF ON

connectivi appendice ovato-lanceolato acuto fere 1j lin. longe,
thecis minutissime mucronatis, mucrone pilosulo.
Within 6 miles of Monrovia, Whyte.

Alsodeia Johnstonei, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis A. kamerunensi,
Engl. (e descriptione), sed foliis tenuioribus lanceolatis, amoene
viridibus, nervis lateralibus intra marginem eleganter arcuato-
conneetis, paniculis ovatis brevioribus, andracii tubi lobis ovatis
distineta.

Ramuli juniores pubescentes, mox glabrati, fusci. Folia
lanceolata vel oblongo-lanceolata, basi obtusa vel subacuta, acute
acuminata, magis minusve serrulata vel subcrenata, ad 7 poll.
longa, ad 2- -91 poll. lata, ameene viridia, tenuia, glabra, nervis
lateralibus utrinque 8-12 tenuibus eleganter arcuato- connectis,
nervo eolleetivo 2-3 lin. a margine distante, venarum reticu-
latione tenui; petioli 21-5 lin. longi, pubescentes. — Panicule
terminales, cum pedunculo brevi 1-3 poll. longæ, densiuscule,
elabre vel subglabre ; bracteæ ovate, 1 lin. longe ; pedicelli ad 13
lin. longi. Sepala ovata, obtusa, 11-21 lin. longa, tenuiter albo-

marginata, ceterum exsiccata fusco-nigrescentia, glabra. Petala
oblonga, 2-8 lin. longa. Andræcii tubus brevis, 5-lobatus, lobis
brevibus ovatis; anthere intra lobos tubi sessiles, cum con-
nectivi appendice lanceolato-acuto 2 lin. longs, thecis ad apices
contiguis. Capsula 9 lin. longa, glabra, apiculato-acuminata.
Semina ambitu triangulari-obovata, compressa, ad 3 lin. longa.

Sinoe Basin, Whyte.

Oncoba brevipes, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis O. glauce, Hook. f.
(quoad plantam Beauvaisianam), sed foliis ad vel supra medium
latissimis abrupte latiuscule obtuse acuminatis, breviter petiolatis,
floribus haud earmineis diametro 4-5 poll. distincta.

Planta glaberrima, novellis resinosis. Folia elliptico-oblonga
vel obovato-oblonga, subito in acumen brevem obtusum contracta,
basi acuta, ad 7 poll. longa, ad 3} poll. lata, pallide viridia, haud
glauca, nervis lateralibus obliquis utrinque 8-9, venis laxe
reticulatis obscuris; petiolus 3-1 poll. longus. Racemi 2-3-
flori, brevissime pedunculati; pedicelli subrobusti, ad 1j poll.
longi. Petala circiter 10-12, obovato-lanceolata, cum ungue ad

2 poll. longo, ut videtur alba. Anthere acute, 24 lin. longe.

Near Monrovia, Whyte.

THE FLORA OF LIBERIA. 85

ATnOXIMA *, Stapf (gen. nov. Polygalacearum).

Aflinis. Carpolobie, G. Don, differt petalis subæqualibus,
infimo haud naviculari, fruetu duro, pericarpio crustaceo, semini-
bus endospermate destitutis.

Sepala 5 structura simillima, magnitudine inequalia, interiora
majora. Petala 5, subæqualia, lanceolata, haud unguiculata,
infimum quam estera vix vel paulo latius et ut ea leviter con-
"avum, ima basi tubo staminali adnatum, duo summa multo
altius et oblique adnata intusque infra medium sericeo-villosa.
Stamina 5, monadelphia, tubo staminali in latere superiore tota
longitudine fisso; anther sessiles vel filamentis distinctis
insideutes. Ovarium sessile, 3-loeulare, loculis l-ovulatis ;
stylus filiformis; stigma punctiforme. — Fructus subglobosus,
durus; pericarpium crustaceum (more Xanthophylli). | Semina
subglobosa; testa tenuiter molliter pilosula ; endosperma
nullum, Embryo cotyledonibus crassis sectione transversa
subsemiorbicularibus.

Arbuseula vel frutices, glabre. Folia alterna, coriacea.
Flores in racemis plerumque gracilibus longiuseulis axillaribus,
'arius paniculati.

Species note 4 in Africa tropica occidentali.

A. liberica, Stapf (sp. nov.) ; affinis A. macrostachye, Stapt
(Carpolobia macrostachya, Chod.), sed foliis majoribus magis
conspicue reticulatis, breviter petiolatis, inflorescentiis fori-
busque preter sepala ciliolata glabris distincta.

Ramuli graciles, cortice pallido. Folia oblonga, aeuta vel
subobtusa, apice subcaudato-acuminata acumine obliquo, 4—6 poll.
longa, 14-27 poll. lata, tenuiter coriacea, nervis lateralibus utrin-
que cireiter 6 valde obliquis areubus a margine 2-3 lin, distan-
tibus connectis, reticulatione venarum arcta utrinque conspicua
prominula ; petioli erassiusculi, nigrescentes, 2 lin, longi,
Racemi solitarii vel bini in axillis foliorum, circiter 2 poll.
longi; bractez late ovate, minute ; pedicelli 1 lin. longi. Sepala
lite ovata, obtusa, minute ciliolata, interiora 9 lin, longa.
Petala 3 lin. longa. Anthere sessiles.

Sinos Basin, Whyte.

* arpotimos, not eatable; in allusion to the fruit,

H2

86 DR. OTTO STAPF ON

The other species which I refer to A£rozima are :—

1. A. Afzeliana, Stapf (= Carpolobia Afzeliana, Oliver, in Fl.
Trop. Afr. i. p. 186); 2. A. macrostachya, Stapf (= Carpolobie
macrostachya, Chod. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. v. p. 117); 9. 4. Zen-
keri, Stapf (=Carpolobia Zenkeri, Gürke, MS.). As the latter
is still undescribed, I add here a short diagnosis :—

Atroxima Zenkeri, Stapf (sp. nov.). Kamuli graciles. Folia
elliptico-oblonga, basi breviter contracta acuta, apice abrupte
acuminata, ad 54 poll. longa, ad 2 poll. lata, tenuiter coriacea,
nervis lateralibus utrinque circiter 7 uti venarum reticulatione
tenuibus indistincte arcuato-connectis ; petioli subgraciles, 2—
3 lin. longi. — Racemi 1-4 in axillis foliorum vel in ramulis
nonnullis ob folia (rudimentaria ?) premature decidua quasi in
paniculas collecti, griseo-pubescentes. Flores non nisi ex
alabastris noti. Fructus 4 poll. diametro; pericarpium extus
opacum, fusco-fulvum, intus nitens, 4-2 lin. crassum. Semina
3 lin. diametro.

Cameroons: in primeval forest near Bipinde, Zenker, 1240.

The fruit of Carpolobia, as represented by the species C. alba,
D. Don, and C. lutea, D. Don, is a true berry. The globose or
subglobose seeds are covered with a rieh silky tomentum, and
possess an ample, fleshy albumen. The embryo consists of a
very short subclavate radicle and two very thin foliaceous
cotyledons almost as long and as wide as the seed.

Garcinia epunctata, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis G. punctate,
Oliver, differt foliorum glandulis eanaliformibus nervos secun-
darios venasque transgredientibus longis tenuibus subundulatis
(haud punetiformibus vel striiformibus), pedicellis robustioribus
distinetis, floribus paulo majoribus, sepalis interioribus magni-
tudine minus diversis, phalangibus circiter 8-nas anthera
gerentibus.

Folia oblonga vel elliptico-oblonga, basi acuta, apice abrupte
caudato-acuminata (acumine ad 3 poll. longo), ad. 5 poll. longa, ad
velultra2 poll. lata, tenuiter coriacea, nervissecundariis numerosis,
circiter 1 lin. distantibus obliquis ut venis tenuibus, glandulis
canaliformibus nervos venasque transgredientipus longis tenuibus
subundulatis, petiolus 2-3 lin. longus. Flores solitarii vel
geminati; bracteæ parvule, late; pedicelli 1 lin. longi. Sepala
4 rotundata, pallide viridia, venosa, interiora majora, 9 lin.
diametro. Petala 4 rotundato-elliptica, saturate lutea, ad 4 lin.

THE FLORA OF LIBERIA. 87

longa. Stamina (in d) in phalanges 4 antheras circiter 8-nas
arcte approximatas distinctas gerentes collecta. | Ovarium (in 9 )
turbinato-globosum, 11 lin. longum ; stigma discoideum, margine
minutissime crenulatum.

Sinoe Basin, Whyte.

The differenees in the glandular system of the leaves of
Garcinia punctata and G. epunctata are very striking, and can,
without further preparation, be seen in young leaves by holding
them up against strong light.

Hibiscus Whytei, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis H. lunariifolio,
Willd., differt bracteis epicalycis semper 10 angustis a basi sub-
linearibus, corolla minore 14 poll. longitudine vix excedente.

Caulis superne pilis stellatis conspersus, demum glabrescens.
Folia intermedia deltoideo-ovata vel ovata, basi rotundata vel
subtruncata, acuta vel in acumen lineare producta, crenato-den-
tata dentibus alternis multo majoribus binis ad diametrum folii
maximum positis magis minusve productis, 13-33 poll. longa
lataque, utrinque pilis aut stellatis aut simplicibus parce con-
spersa; petioli graciles, 4 ad ultra 1 poll. longi, pubescentes ;
stipuli laneeolati, 3 lin. longi. Folia floralia ovato-lanceolata
vel lanceolata, basi acuta vel subeuneata, quam intermedia minora,
breviter petiolata, ezeterum illis similia. Pedicelli 2-5 lin. longi,
primo dense stellato-pilosi, demum subglabrati. Bractee epi-
calycis 10, a basi sublineares, superne sensim attenuate, 5-7 lin.
longe, 1-14 lin. late, sparse stellato-pilose. ^ Calyv 7-8 lin.
longus, profunde 5-fidus, segmentis late oblongis acuminatis
2-3 lin.latis extus sparse stellato-pilosis intus villoso-tomentosis.
Petala obovata, 14 poll. longa, e siecato lutea, basi purpureo-
maculata, extus molliter pubescentia. Capsula ovoideo-globosa,
fulvo-strigoso-tomentosa, submatura 7 lin. longa.

Within 20 miles of Karkatown, Whyte.

Gomphia amplectens, Stapf(sp. nov.); affinis G. Mannii, Oliver,
differt foliorum auriculis magnis ultra basin petioli productis
post eum imbrieatis et simul ramulum amplectentibus, floribus
paniculatis, sepalis sub maturitate majoribus.

Folia lanceolata, basi auriculato-cordata auriculis magnis ultra
basin petioli productis post eum imbricatis et simul ramulum
amplectentibus, acuminata, margine supra medium minute ser-
rulata, ad fere 1 ped. longa, ad 3 poll. lata, tenuiter coriacea,
costa supra prominente utrinque linea impressa addita, nervis

88 DR. OTTO STAPF ON

lateralibus utrinque circiter 16 prorsus curvatis obliquis supra
prominulis, venis inconspicuis ; petiolus crassus 3 lin. longus.
Inflorescentia paniculata, semipedalis, ramis ad 22 poll. longis
subpatulis. Flores sub anthesi ignoti, plerumque 3-ni, fasciculati,
fasciculis superioribus 3-2 lin. distantibus; pedicelli 6-7 lin.
longi, 1-2 lin. supra basin disartieulati. Sepala oblonga, sub-
obtusa, sub maturitate 6-7 lin. longa, ad 3 lin. lata, patentia.
Fructus ignotus.
Within 20 miles from Karkatown.

Gomphia subcordata, Stapf(sp. nov.) ; affinis G. congesta, Oliver
(quoad plantam e Sierra Leone), sed foliis basi subcordatis,
petiolo erassissimo, ramulis et pedunculis (ima basi excepta)
stipulis aphyllis destitutis.

Folia late lanceolata vel oblongo-laneeolata, acuta, basi sub-
cordata, margine fere a basi minute serrata, ad 6 poll. longa, ad
23 poll. lata, coriacea, costa supra distincte infra vix prominente,
nervis lateralibus utrinque circiter 10 subpatulis prorsus arcuatis
supra prominulis, venis ineonspieuis; petiolus crassissimus, ad
3 lin. longus. Racemi suberecti, 4 ped. longi pedunculo 1 poll.
longo incluso, rhachi subgracili. Flores sub anthesi ignoti,
inferne circiter 6-ni fasciculati, fasciculis inferioribus 3-6 lin.
distantibus; pedicelli 5-6 lin. longi, 1-1 lin. supra basin disarti-
eulati. Sepala sub maturitate ovato-oblonga, obtusa, 4-5 lin.
longa, 23-8 lin. lata, patula. Fructus (submaturus) fere globo-
sus, 2 lin. diametro.

Within 20 miles of Karkatown, Whyte.

Olax major, Stapf (sp. nov.) ; affinis O. Mannii, Oliver, differt
foliis minus acuminatis, floribus duplo majoribus.

Planta glaberrima. Ramali virides. Folia elliptica vel late
lanceolata, symmetrica vel asymmetrica, basi obtusa vel sub-
acuta, magis minusve acuminata, 34-5 poll. longa, 13-2 poll.
lata (acumine 2-6 lin. longo), subcoriacea, utrinque viridis,
nervis secundariis utrinque circiter 6 obliquis tenuibus areuato-
connectis arcubus circiter 2 lin. a margine distantibus, venis
tenuissimis inconspicuis ; petioli 1-2 lin. longi. Racemi ad 4 lin.
longi, interdum brevissimi, fasciculiformes, ad 7-flori, basi bracteis
paucis vel numerosis squamiformibus vacuis muniti; bractez
florales ovate vel lanceolate, 4 lin. longs: pedicelli 4—3 lin.
longi. Calyx brevissime cupularis, truncatus. Petala linearia,
subacuta, 4 lin. longa. Stamina perfecta 8, 2 alternipetala,

THE FLORA OF LIBERIA. 89

loppositipetalum : stamina antheris effotis 5, 4 oppositipetala,
lalternipetalum ; filamenta petalis fere tota longitudine adnata,
bullata (imprimis staminum imperfectorum).

Within 6 miles of Monrovia, Whyte.

The petals of Olax Mannii are under 2 lin. long.

Uroporrya, Stapf (gen. nov. Olaeacearum).

Affinis Opilie, Roxb., sed toto habitu, racemis longissimis,
disco annulari indiviso, filamentis quam petalis duplo longioribus
distincta.

Calyx ad marginem obscurum redactus. Petala 4-5, valvata
tandem libera et reflexa. Stamina petalis opposita, hvpogyna,
filamentis eapillaribus longissimis ; anthers ovoides, basi affixe.
Discus annularis, crassus, undulatus vel truncatus. Ovarium
l-loeulare; stigma stylo brevi imposito vel sessile, parvum ;
ovulum 1, e placenta ascendente ex apice loculi pendulum.

Fructus mihi ignotus; a Dryandro bacca descripta.

Frutices glabri, nisi interdum racemorum rhachides pubes-
centes. Folia subcoriacea vel membranacea. Racemi longi, pen-
duli; braetez nulle vel hyaline. Flores fasciculati, pedicellati.

U. angustifolia, Stapf (sp. nov.).

Frutex glaberrimus. Folia lineari-lanceolata vel oblonga,
acuminata, basi acuta, 6 poll. longa, 1-2 poll. lata, subcoriacea,
nervis lateralibus utrinque circiter 7-8 tenuibus uti venis
ineonspieuis vel exsiccando prominulis; petioli crassiusculi, ad
21 lin. longi. Racemi ad 10 poll. longi, ebraeteati; pedicelli
graciles, 3 poll. longi. Petala ovato-oblonga, subaeuta, 12 lin.
longa. Filamenta 3 lin. longa. Stigma sessile.

Within 6 miles of Monrovia, Whyte; near the St. Paul's
River, 60 miles inland, Reynolds. Also in Sierra Leone, Smeath-
man. It is the fruit of the latter which was described by
Dryander as baccate in a note in the herbarium of the British
Museum.

U. latifolia, Stapf (sp. nov.).

Frutex racemis exceptis glaber. Folia late elliptica, basi ro-
tundata, apice breviter acuminata, 5 poll. longa, 3 poll. lata,
fere membranacea, nervis lateralibus utrinque 5, curvatis, tenui-
bus distinctis, venis inconspicuis. Racemi ad 8 poll. longi,
braeteati; rhachis minute pubescens; braetes ovate, acute,
i-3 lin. longs, hyaline, viridi-flavescentes. pedicelli gracillimi,

*

90 DR. OTTO STAPF ON

2 lin. longi. Petala 1 lin. longa. ovato-oblonga, obtusa. Stigma
sessile.

Within 6 miles of Monrovia, Whyte.

Professor Engler mentions, in * Natürliche Pflanzenfamilien,'
Nachtr. p. 143, under Opilia a species with long pendulous
racemes which he calls O. Afzelii. It is evidently a species of
Urobotrya; but, in the absence of a description, I am not
able to identify it. Another species of the same genus was col-
leeted by Kalbreyer near Victoria, Cameroons. I add here its
description :—

Urobotrya minutiflora, Stapf (sp. nov.).

Frutex glaberrimus, 4-6-pedalis. Rami virides. Folia ob-
longa vel elliptica vel ovato-oblonga, acuminata, basi rotundata,
4-6 poll. longa, 13-2 poll. lata, firme membranacea, pallide
viridia, nervis lateralibus utrinque 5-7 obliquis sub margine in-
distincte arcuato-connectis tenuibus, venis inconspicuis ; petiolus
erassiuseulus, 1-12 lin. longus. Racemi gracillimi, ad 8 poll.
longi, ebracteati; pedicelli gracillimi, 2 lin. longi, 4-6-ni. Petala
late oblonga, obtusiuscula, } lin. longa, viridia. Filamenta ad
3 lin. longa. Ovarium in stylum brevem productus.

In shady bush, near Victoria, Cameroons, Kalbreyer.

Iodes reticulata, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis Z. africane, Welw.,
differt foliis breviter petiolatis, eximie reticulatis, inflorescentia
fulvo-tomentosa.

Rami scandentes, fulvo-pubescentes; fibrilli extra-axillares.
Folia ovato-elliptica vel obovato-oblonga, acute acuminata, basi
rotundata vel subcordata, sepe asymmetrica, 23-5 poll. longa,
11-21 poll. lata, membranacea, subtus paulo pallidiora, nervis
lateralibus utrinque circiter 6 curvatis obliquis uti venarum reti-
culatione arcta utrinque prominulis ; petioli 3 lin. longi, fulvo-
pilosi. Panicule sspe dichotome subcorymbose, pedunculo
1-2 poll. longo suffultz, terminales, interdum nonnullis minori-
bus e foliorum summorum axillis additis, fulvo-tomentose,
bracteæ minimze; pedicelli 4 lin. longi. Calyx 4-fidus, segmentis
minutis. Corolla 4-fida, extus pubescens, ad 23 lin. diametro,
segmentis ovatis subacutis.

Sinoe Basin, Whyte.

Ampelocissus gracilipes, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis 4. salmonea,
Planch., sed indumento tenui, pedicellis gracilibus glabrescen-
tibus, corollis longioribus distinctus.

THE FLORA OF LIBERIA. 91

Planta scandens. | Ramuli novelli einnamomeo-floccoso- vel
araneoso-tomentell, mox glabrescentes; cirri dichotomi, longi.
Folia late cordato-ovata vel subpentagono-cordata, acute acumi-
nata, sinu lato, margine serrato-crenata, ad 6 poll. longa, ad
5 poll. lata, membranacea, in gemma dorso cinnamomeo-tomen-
tosa, citissime glabrescentia indumento parco araneoso persistente,
hine inde purpurascentia, e basi 5-nervia, nervis lateralibus e costa
ortis utrinque 4-5 omnibus uti venis tenuibus; petioli paulo
ultra 2 poll. longi, graciles. Panicule oppositifolie, pedunculo
ad 44 poll. longo suffulte, densiflora, ad 14 poll. longs, 2 poll.
late, ramo infimo in cirrum dichotomum commutato, ramis
ramulisque primo cinnamomeo-araneosis cito glabratis; bracteæ
ovate, tenuiter membranacez, ad 1 lin. long ; pedicelli graciles,
ad 1 lin. longi. Calyx patelliformis, } lin. diametro, glaber.
Petala 5, oblonga, cucullata, ad 1 lin. longa, glabra. Stamina 5.
Ovarium 10-suleatum ; stylus brevissimus, late conicus.

Sinoe Basin, Whyte (flores & ).

Eriocelum pendulum, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis Æ. racemoso,
Baker, differt floribus multo minoribus, racemis flexuoso-pendulis
longissimis.

Rami juniores fusco-hirtelli, mox glabrescentes. Folia 2-3-
juga; rhachis 13-2 poll. longa, fulvo-hirtella, glabrescens ;
foliola infima ad rhachis basin quam reliqua multo minora
ceterum iis simillima, intermedia et summa oblonga vel lanceo-
lato-oblonga, interdum subobliqua, acuminata, basi subacuta
vel obtusa, 21-4 poll. longa, 11-14 poll. lata, chartacea, preter
costam sparse adpresse hirtellam glabra, nervis lateralibus
utrinque 8-9 prorsus curvatis uti venarum retieulatione tenui
subtus prominula; petioluli 1-2 lin. longi. Racemi pedales,
graciles, flexuoso-penduli, densiflori, ex toto fulvo-hirtelli ; rhachis
fere filiformis, a basi florifera; bracteæ lanceolate, parve; pedi-
celli i-i lin. longi, fasciculati. Sepala ovata, subacuta, fulvo-
hirtella, 4 lin. longa. Petala anguste lanceolata, 1 lin. longa.
Filamenta 13 lin. longa.

Near Monrovia, Whyte.

Deinbollia polypus, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis D. insigni,
Hook. f., sed foliolis angustioribus, basi magis acutatis tenu-
issime acuminatis, panicula exsiecando nigrescente, floribus paulo
minoribus pedicellis medio articulatis, staminibus paucioribus
differt.

Foliola lanceolata, tenuissime acuminata, basi acutata, ad

92 DR. OTTO STAPF ON

8 poll. longa, ad 23 poll. lata (acumine angusto ad 4 poll. longo),
chartacea, glaberrima, exsiccata supra saturate viridia, subtus
fuscescentia, nervis lateralibus utrinque 7-9 obliquis tenuibus
uti venarum retieulatione utrinque (imprimis subtus) eleganter
prominulis; petioluli 1 lin. longi. Paniculæ ad 7 poll. long: :
rhachis stricta, glabra vel parcissime papilloso-puberula papillis
minutissimis; rami divaricati, ad 4 poll. longi; flores numerosi
fasciculati in ramulis 1-2 lin. longis minutissime papilloso-
puberulis; bractez lanceolate, minute ; pedicelli ? lin. longi,
medio artieulati. Calyx 3 lin. longus, sepalis rotundato-
ellipticis dorso parce papilloso-puberulis cæterum glabris.
Petala elliptico-oblonga, basi in unguem attenuata marginibus
ad constrictionem inflexa, 2 lin. longa. Stamina 10; filamenta
pilosa, ad 14 lin. longa; antheræ 4 lin. longs.

Sinoe Basin, Whyte.

The name Deinbollia polypus was chosen in allusion to the
numerous persistent pedicel-bases at the ends of the short
branchlets of the panicle. The flowers of D. insignis are on the
whole less numerous, although they appear just as crowded as in
D. polypus, on account of their being larger and supported by
stouter pedicels. The latter are, moreover, articulated close to
the base.

Bersama leiostegia, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis B. paullinioides,
Baker (quoad plantam e Sierra Leone), differt foliolis firmioribus
basi obtusis, stipulis multo longioribus lanceolato-acuminatis
marginibus ciliolatis exceptis glaberrimis, pedicellis calycibusque
parce pubescentibus.

Jamuli glabri, robusti. Folia 6-8-juga; rhachis magis
minusve interrupte alata alis interdum angustissimis, 1 ped.
longa vel ultra; foliola infima 13-24 poll. supra rhachis basin
sita, oblonga, anguste acuminata acumine lineari 6 lin. longo,
basi obtusa vel rotundata, ad 5 poll. longa, ad 2 poll. lata, firme
membranacea, glabra, nervis lateralibus utrinque cirea 11 tenui-
bus, venarum reticulatione utrinque prominula; petioluli vix
l lin. longi; stipule lanceolat:e, acuminate, marginibus exceptis
glaberrims, ad 14 lin. longe. Racemi rigidi, fere 6 in. longi ;
rhachis ad 13 poll. a basi nuda, superne parce pilosula ;
bracteæ subulatz, laxe pilose; pedicelli tenuiter parce pubes-
centes, ad 3 lin. longi. Calyx 2 lin. longus, parce pubescens ;
lobi ovati, subobtusi, infimi duo fere ad apicem connati. Petala
oblonga cum ungue 4-5 lin. longa, lamina fulvo-cinerea tomen-

THE FLORA OF LIBERIA. 93

tella reflexa. Stamina 4; filamenta per paria basi connata,
lanceolata, pubescentia. Ovarium 4-loculare, sericeo-tomen-
tosum, in stylum superne glabrum contractum.

Sinoe Basin, Whyte.

Spiropetalum triplinerve, Stapf (sp. nov.) ; affinis S. hetero-
phyllo, Gilg, differt foliis 3-4-jugis, foliolis supra subglaucis
subtus einnamomeis triplinervibus (7. e. nervis secundariis infimis
2 fere a basi ortis, ceteris perpaucis remotis), venis transversis
subhorizontalibus utrinque eleganter prominulis.

Ramuli florifert robusti, primo minutissime ferrugineo -
tomentelli, deinde glabrescentes, cortice fuscescente. Folia
3-4-jugi ; rhachis 2 ad fere 4 poll. longa, tenuissime pubescentia,
deinde glabrescens ; foliola oblonga vel elliptico-oblonga, breviter
acuminata, basi subacuta vel obtusa, ad 2 poll. longa, 1 poll.
lata, coriacea, supra glabra, subtus in costa tenuiter pubescentia
exterum glabra, nervis lateralibus utrinque 3 admodum obliquis
tertio a secundo longe remoto, venis utrinque prominulis ;
petioluli 1-1j lin. longi, tomentelli. Racemi densi, sepe
compacti, solitarii vel fasciculati, }-1} poll. longi, a basi flori-
feri ubique fulvo-velutini ; braetes ovate, parve; pedicelli
brevissimi. Calyw 13-1? lin. longus, ad medium 5-partitus,
segmentis oblongo-ovatis obtusis. Petala lorato-linearia e basi
latiore, ad 5 lin. longa. Stamina longiora calyce breviora.
Carpella velutino-tomentosa cum stylis calycem sequantia.

Near Monrovia, Whyte.

Connarus libericus, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis C. floribundo,
Schum. & Thonn., differt imprimis inflorescentia, nempe pani-
culis brevibus gracilibus plerumque racemiformibus versus
ramorum apices fasciculatis.

fami floriferi robusti, cortice cinerascente lenticellato. Folia
circiter 4-juga, glaberrima; rhachis 3-4 poll. longa, teres;
foliola elliptica vel obovato-elliptica, subabrupte acuminata, basi
obtusa vel subacuta, 24-8 poll. longa, 14-14 poll. lata, tenuiter
coriacea, nervis lateralibus utrinque circiter 5 valde obliquis,
venis transversis tenuissimis; petioluli 2 lin. longi. Panicule
13-2 poll. longze, sepe racemiformes vel saltem ramis longioribus
paucis, a j—l poll. supra basin divisæ, tenuiter ferrugineo-
pubescentes, graciles, fasciculate, numeross versus ramorum
apices; bractez minimz; pedicelli ad 1 lin. longi, graciles,
medio artieulati. Calya vix 1 lin. longus, profunde 5-partitus,
segmentis ovatis subobtusis tenuiter pubescentibus. Petala

94 DR. OTTO STAPF ON

lanceolato-ligulata, 3 lin. longa, ? lin, lata. Stamina majora
calycem :wquantia. Carpella sericeo-villosula, cum stylis gra-
cillimis 14-1} lin. longa.

Within 6 miles of Monrovia, Whyte.

Connarus Reynoldsii, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis C. floribundo,
Schum. et Thonn., differt foliis conspicue nervosis, inflorescentiis
axillaribus et terminalibus quam foliis brevioribus densissimis,
petalis longioribus, staminibus stylisque multo brevioribus.

Frutex ramis cortice brunneo tectis multi-lentieellatis. Folia
3-4-juga ; rhachis gracilis tenuiter rufo- vel fulvo-pubescens vel
tomentella; ima juga circiter 2 poll. a basi distantia; foliola
oblonga vel elliptieo-oblonga, breviter acuminata aeumine cuspi-
dato, basi rotundata vel subacuta, 2-32 poll. longa, 3-14 poll.
lata, coriacea, supra glaberrima, nitidula, infra in costa nervisque
magis minusve tenuiter fulvo-pubescentia esterum fere glabra,
nervis lateralibus utrinque 2-3 valde obliquis et prorsus curvatis,
venarum retieulatione laxa prominula; petioluli tomentelli,
lj lin. longi. Panicule numerose in foliorum axillis et ad
ramorum apices dense congeste, cirea 2 poll. longe, densiflore,
fulvo-velutine ; braetez ovate vel lanceolate, acute, pedicellos
2-12 lin. longos paullo superantes. Calyw fulvo-velutinus,
12 lin. longus, ad medium 5-lobus, lobis ovatis subacutis vel
obtusiuseulis. Petala anguste lorato-linearia, superne longe
attenuata et erispo-undulata, circiter 7-8 lin. longa, ad 14 lin.
lata. Stamina perfecta 10; longiorum filamenta paulo ultra
13 lin. longa, breviorum duplo breviora, Carpella 5, fulvo-
tomentella, eum stylis parum brevioribus vix ? lin. longa,
stigmata subdisciformia. Ovula 2, collateralia.

Liberia, near the St. Paul’s River, about 70 miles from the
coast, H. Reynolds.

Dalbergia Ecastaphyllum, Taub., forma trifoliolata, Stapf, a
typo differt foliolis 3, terminali quam lateralibus multo majore.

Foliorum rhachis 1-14 poll. longa; foliola oblonga vel ovato-
oblonga, basi rotundata, apice sensim breviter acuminata, ter-
minali ultra 6 poll. longa, ad 2? poll. lata, lateralia minora,
coriacea, supra opaca, subtus subglaucescentia, pilis minutissimis
sparsis adpressis, nervis lateralibus utrinque circiter 9, ceeterum
ut in typo. Flores in specie majusculi, ceterum ut in typo.

Sinoe Basin, Whyte.

This is a rather striking form, which might be taken at the

THE FLORA OF LIBERIA. 95

first glance for a distinct species; but the structure and general
aspect of the leaflets (apart from the size) and of the flowers are
absolutely as in Dalbergia Ecastaphyllum. The only other
pinnate-leaved specimens of D. Ecastaphyllum examined by me
are from Liberia (Grand Bassa, Vogel ; Dinklage, 1986) and the
Cameroons (Zenker, 2153). In these the leaflets are exactly
(also in size) like those of the typical unifoliolate leaves of
D. Ecastaphyllum. They were, probably on account of the
number of leaflets, distributed as D. Monetaria, which has
glabrous glossy long acuminate leaflets with a more marked
venation. I have seen no examples of D. Monetaria from
Africa, Heudelot’s specimens quoted under this name in ‘ Flora
of Tropical Africa,’ ii. p. 236, belonging to a distinct species,
for which I propose the name D. Heudelotit, Stapf. I add a
description of it :—

Dalbergia Heudelotii, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis D. Ecastaphyllo,
Taub., differt foliis normaliter 3-7-foliolatis, fructibus asym-
metrice obovatis majoribus crassioribus sublignosis, bullatis,
ferrugineo-velutinis.

Frutex ramis cinerascentibus vel fuscescentibus. Folia 3- vel
sepius 5- rarius 7-foliolata ; rhachis ad 34 poll. longa, tenuiter
ferrugineo-pubescens, demum glabrata; foliola ovata vel elliptica,
breviter obtuseque acuminata vel subobtusa, basi rotundata,
terminale maximum ad 6 poll. longum, ad 34 poll. latum, supra
glabra arcte tenuiterque reticulata, subtus pallide fuscescentia,
pilis minutissimis adpressis aspersa, nervis lateralibus (in ma-
joribus) utrinque 8-10 prorsus arcuatis tenuibus uti venis
prominulis; petioluli 2-3 lin. longi. Racemi vel paniculi pauci-
ramosi ad 14 poll. longi, ubique rufo-villosuli; bracteæ bracteo-
leque minute, oblonge ; pedicelli ad 13 lin. longi. Calyæ 13 lin.
longus, breviter perlate dentatus, rufo-tomentosus. Corolla 5 lin.
longa, petalorum unguibus demum e calyce exsertis; vexilli
lamina late orbieulari-ovata, 2-loba. Legumen immaturum dense
rufo- vel fulvo-tomentosum marginibus latis undulatis, maturum
asymmetrice obovatum, ad lj poll. longum, ad 10 Jin. latum,
uno latere convexum, bullatum, ferrugineo-velutinum, sutura
incrassata, valvis ad 2 lin. crassis lignosis; stipes tenuis fere
2 lin. longus. Semen unicum.

Senegambia, Rio Nunez, Heudelot, 623. Sierra Leone, Kah-
reni, Scott Elliot, 5626*, Without precise locality, Afzelius.

D. Monetaria, Linn. f., differs in having glabrous (in the

96 DR. OTTO STAPF ON

typical form), distinctly and often long acuminate leaves, and
glabrous, neither undulate nor bullate fruits.

Ostryocarpus major, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis O. ripario,
Hook. f., differt foliolis 7-foliolatis, foliolorum venis utrinque
plane ineonspieuis, panieule ramis longioribus, floribus paulo
majoribus.

Folia T-foliolata; rhachis gracilis, basi incrassata, circiter
4 poll. longa, glabra; foliola infima 3 poll. supra basin, terminale
elliptieum, breviter aeuminatum, basi subobtusum, 34 poll.
longum, 2 poll. latum, coriaceum, glaberrimum, nervis later-
alibus utrinque 5-6 obliquis pertenuibus, venis plane incon-
spicuis ; petiolulus 3j lin. longus. Panicule pedales, breviter
pedunculate, ubique dense tenuissime ferrugineo-pubescentes ;
rhachis subrobusta, curva; rami racemos densos exhibentes ad
2 poll. longi, patuli; bractew ad ramorum bases mox deeilusm,
ad pedicellos vix ullæ ; bracteole ad calycum bases 2, minute;
pedicelli inferiores sspe geminati, graciles, 1-14 lin. longi.
Calyx obovoideus, 2-23 lin. longus, eodem indumento induto ae
rhachis et ramis panieule, dentibus latissime brevissime tri-
angularibus. Corolla 5-53 lin. longa, exsiecando nigrescens ;
vexillum orbiculare, emarginatum, brevissime unguiculatum ;
ale et carina vexillo æquilongæ, unguibus 2 lin. longis. Sta-
minum tubus 33 lin. longus. Ovarium dense minute pubescens ;
ovula 8.

Within 6 miles of Monrovia, Whyte.

Macrolobium obliquum, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis JM. diphyllo,
Harms, differt folis 7-jugis, floribus majoribus, longius pedi-
cellatis.

Folia 7-juga; rhachis ad 10 poll. longa, basi incrassata, atro-
ferrugineo-hirtella, demum glabrescens ; foliola ima 3 poll. supra
rhachidis basin, vix 23 poll. longa, intermedia et summa ad 6 poll.
longa, ad 13 poll. lata, omnia oblique lanceolata vel lanceolato-
oblonga, oblique tenuiter acuminata, basi obtusa, dimidio extus
spectante quam altero fere duplo latiore, glabra, nervis lateralibus
utrinque 13-15, 1-12 lin. sub margine nervo collectivo eleganter
connectis subtus prominentibus, venarum retieulatione utrinque
tenui prominula ; petioluli llin. longi. Panicula ultra à-pedalis
ramis paucis divaricatis ad 3 poll. longis ubique tenuiter ferru-
gineo-hirtella; bracteæ obovate, naviculares, 5 lin. longe, mox

THE FLORA OF LIBERIA. 97

decidum ; bracteole 2 flores involuerantes obovate, fere 6 lin.
longs, obtusiuscule ; pedicelli ad 6 lin. longi. Calyx fere ad
basin 5-fidus, segmentis lineari-lanceolatis ciliolatis 21-21 lin.
longis. — Vexillum longiuseule unguiculatum, lamina rotundatum
profunde 2-lobum, petala cetera calycis segmentis simillima
eisque :equilonga. Stamina fertilia 3; filamenta pilosa ;
anthere 2j lin. longs; staminodia pauca, minutissima, denti-
formia. Ovarium rufo-villosum ; ovula circiter 5.
Sinoe Basin, Whyte.

Acioa Whytei, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis A. padlescenti, Baill.,
differt folis minoribus, inflorescentiis glabris rhachi parce
pilosula excepta.

famuli glabri, cortice brunneo. Folia oblongo-elliptiea vel
ovato-lanceolata, subacuminata, basi rotundata, 21—4 poll. longa,
1-13 poll. lata, coriacea, pallide viridia, nervis lateralibus utrinque
6-7 nti venarum reticulatione laxa utrinque prominulis ; petiolus
crassus, l lin, longus. Racemi rhachi parce pilosula excepta
glabri, vix pollicares, a basi densiflori ; bracteæ ovato-lanceolate,
ad 2 lin, long, bracteoleque pallide, tenuiter membranacez,
glabre ; pedicelli graciles, glabri, 3-4 lin. longi. Jieceptaculum
tenue, glaberrimum, 8-9 lin. longum. Calyw 4-5 lin. longus;
sepala elliptiea, obtusissima, extus preter margines in alabastro
imbrieatos glaberrima, intus albo-velutina. Petala elliptico-
oblonga, breviter unguiculata, 2-loba, 4i lin. longa. Filamenta
in laminam liguliformem 12 poll. longam 4 lin. latam juneta,
parte summa libera 3—4 lin. longa excepta.

Within 6 miles of Monrovia, Whyte.

A specimen collected by G. F. Scott Elliot (no. 5521) near
Kafogo, Sierra Leone, after flowering but with some remnants
of inflorescences, seems to be identical with A. Whytei.

Cassipourea czsia, Stapf (sp. nov.); aftinis C. parvifolie, Stapf
(=Dactylopetalum parvifolium, Scott Elliot), differt foliis supra
cesiis, calyce cæsio, petalis dense lanatis, disco intrastaminali
multo minus alto lobulato lobulis cum filamentis aiternantibus.

Frutex ramulis gracilibus primo adpresse pubescentibus cito
glabratis, cortice brunneo. Folia anguste elliptica vel obovata,
iatiuseule acuminata, basi cuneata vel acuminato-cuneata, 2-
kz poll. longa, 13-2 poll. lata, subchartacea, glabra, supra eximie
cæsia subtus viridia, nervis lateralibus utrinque circiter 6, 1-

98 DR. OTTO STAPF ON

2 lin. sub margine arcuato-connectis tenuibus uti venarum reticu-
latione tenuissima utrinque vix prominulis; petioli 2-23 lin.
longi, subadpresse hirtelli. Stipulæe lanceolate, fulvo strigilloso-
hirtelle, ad 2 lin. longs. Flores 1—4 in axillis foliorum congesti ;
bracteze minute, ovate, hirtelle ; pedicelli 4 lin. longi, glabri.
Calyx semiglobosus, 2 lin. longus, extus glaber, cæsius, intus
pallide virescens et sericeo-velutinus, ad medium 5-fidus, seg-
mentis ovatis subacutis. Petala anguste lanceolata, ad 23 lin.
longa, fimbriata fimbriis ad 2 lin. longis dense albo-lanatis.
Stamina 15, epipetala 5 ad 23 lin. longa, ima basi disco intra-
staminali brevissimo intus piloso lobulato, lobulis eum filamentis
alternantibus adnata. Ovarium tomentosum, 3-loculare.
Within 20 miles of Karkatown, Whyte.

Eugenia Whytei, Sprague (sp. nov.) ; affinis E. calophylloidi,
DC., differt ramulis glabris, foliis minus coriaceis, subtus glan-
dulis prominentibus punctatis, receptaculo glabro styloque
minore.

Ramuli glabri, cortiee cinereo vel subfusco. Folia elliptico-
ovata vel oblongo-ovata, apice obtuse acuminata, basi in petiolum
attenuata, 24-44 poll. longa, 1-13? poll. lata, tenuiter coriacea,
glabra, supra olivacea vix nitidula, subtus pallidiora opaca,
nervis lateralibus primariis utrinque 7-9 subtus prominulis,
secundariis iis parallelis hine inde interjectis, tertiariis supra
ineonspicuis subtus subtiliter reticulatis; glandule utrinque
precipue subtus prominentes; petiolus 2-3 lin. longus, supra
sulcatus. Flores plures in axillis fasciculati; pedicelli 1-3 lin.
longi, glabri, nigrescentes ; bracteole deltoidez ciliate. Recep-
taculum glabrum. Sepala orbiculari-ovata, obtusissima, ciliolata,
exteriora 3 lin., interiora i lin. longa. Petala breviter obovata,
2 lin. longa, ciliolata. Stamina iis E. callophylloidis similia.
Ovarium biloculare ; stylus 2 lin. longus, stigmate peltato.

Sinoe Basin, g, Whyte ; within a radius of 6 miles from
Monrovia, $, Whyte.

Osbeckia liberica, Stapf (sp. nov.); aflinis O. senegambiensis,
Guill. & Perr., differt bracteis haud scariosis, citissime deciduis,
sepalis subulatis, connectivo basi distincte elongato.

Herbe annua (?). Caulis gracilis, subquadrangularis, minute
adpresse strigilosus, pilis plerumque nigrescentibus. Folia
lanceolata, rarius ovato-lanceolata, apice longe attenuata, sub-

THE FLORA OF LIBERIA. 99

acuminata, basi rotundata vel subacuta, 2-21 poll. longa, $-3
poll. lata, membranacea, utrinque adpresse strigilosa (infra
tenuius), 3-5pli-nervia; petioli graciles, 3 lin. longi. Panicule
pauciflore, ramis demum ad 14 poll. longis gracilibus, eodem
indumento indutis ae cauli nisi densiore, internodiis intermediis
sub maturitate 2-3 lin. longis; braetes tenuiter membranacex,
lanceolate, 23 lin. longs, mox decidum; pedieelli 1 lin. longi.
Receptaculum ovoideo-globosum, sub anthesi 24 lin. longum,
deinde paulo elongatum, ad medium strigillosam supra medium
squamulis apice stellato-setosis additis. Sepala subulata, 2 lin.
longa, patule setosa, mox decidua. Petala rosea, late oblique
obovata, 4 lin. longa. Stamina subæqualia ; filamenta 2 lin.
longa, antheræ connectivo basi producto antice appendiculo
parvo 2-lobo instructo, connectivi continuatione et appendice in
5 alternis longioribus. Ovarium apice pilosum.
Within 6 miles of Monrovia, Whyte; Sinoe Basin, Whyte.

Dissotis paucistellata, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis D. petiolate,
Hook. f., differt indumento rudiore copiosiore, florum capitulis
majoribus, receptaculo stellato-setoso.

Caulis glanduloso-hirsutus pilis patulis apice glanduligeris.
Folia ovata, subacuminata, basi rotundata vel subcordata, 11-2
poll. longa, 1-14 poll. lata, 5-nervia, utrinque strigilloso-hirsuta ;
petioli ad 3 poll. longi, dense hispidi. Flores in capitulos cir-
citer 10-floros diametro 1 poll. foliis suffultos bracteatos collecti.
Bractee tenuiter membranacex, exteriores late ovate ad 4 lin.
long, interiores angustiores, ciliate et in dorso sparse pilose.
Receptaculum e basiangustata oblongum, anthesi peracta ovoideo-
oblongum, supra medium constrictum, ad 7 lin. longum ima basi
setis tenuibus simplieibus glanduligeris supra usque ad medium
setis stellatis sparsis instructum. — Sepala lanceolata, acuta, 3 lin.
longa, parce glanduloso-setosa, persistentia. Petala rosea, late
cuneato-obovata, ad 10 lin. longa. Stamina 5 filamentis 4 lin.
longis et connectivo 3 lin. ultra antherarum bases producto
antiee ima basi 2-lobato postice ecalcarato, alia 5 filamentis 4 lin.
longis connectivo brevissime producto antice 2-lobato postice
minute ealearato. | Ovarium apice setosum.

Within 6 miles of Monrovia and in the basin of Sinoe, Whyte.

Memecylon Simii, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis M. polyanthemo,
Hook. f., differt floribus multo majoribus in cymis densioribus.
LINN. JOURN.— BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII. I

100 DR. OTTO STAPF ON

Rami cortice fuscescente. Folia oblongo-elliptica, abrupte in
acumen obtusum vel subaeutum ad 6 lin. longum latiusculum
contracta, basi breviter aeutata, 21-5] poll. longa, 14-24 poll.
lata, coriacea, opaea, subtus pallidiora, nervis venisque plane
obseuris, costa subtus prominente obtusa, supra tenuiter cana-
lieulata; petioli vix 1 lin. longi. Cyme@ axillares, ad ł poll.
longi, a basi fere divise, dens: ; bracteæ ovate, ad 1 lin. longe,
citissime decidue; pedicelli 4-14 lin. longi. Receptaculum
obovoideo-globosum, 1} lin. longum. Sepala latissime ovata,
1-2 lin. longa, ad 14 lin. lata. Petala elliptico-oblonga, crassa,
vix l1 lin. longa, obtusa.

Sinoe Basin, Whyte.

Homalium molle, Stapf (sp. nov.) ; affinis H. stipulaceo, Welw.,
differt folis subtus molliter pubescentibus, petalis in fructu
maturo multo brevioribus.

Rami juniores molliter pubescentes, demum magis minusve
glabrescentes, cortice brunneo vel fusco. Folia lanceolata vel
oblonga vel elliptica, acuminata, basi rotundata, subaeuta, margine
repando-serrata, 4-63 poll. longa, 13-33 poll. lata, subcoriacea,
supra preter costam primo minutissime puberulam glabra, subtus
molliter pubescentia pube persistente, nervis lateralibus utrinque
cireiter 9 magis minusve prorsus curvatis venis transversis
laxiuseulis uti retieulatione subtus subprominula ; petioli 2-3 lin.
longi, tomentelli; stipule admodum varie mox decidue vel
subpersistentes, lanceolate usque orbiculari-auriculate sepissime
oblique, ad 6 lin. longs, majores foliacez.. Panicule floribunde
terminales et e foliorum superiorum axillis, ad 10 poll. longa,
ubique tenuiter molliter cinereo-pubescentes, ramis gracilibus
sspe subpendulis ad 6 poll. longis; florum fasciculi approximati
vel inferiores magis distantes; bractew minime ; pedicelli brevis-
simi. Receptaculum turbinatum, molliter pubescens, 3 lin.
longum. Sepala triangulari-ovata vel ovato-lanceolata, acuta,
receptaculo paulo breviora. Petala sub anthesi oblonga, 3 lin.
paulo excedentia, in fructu maturo ,indurata obovato-oblonga,
1 lin. longa, albo-pubescentia. Stylus apice brevissime 3-4-fidus.
— H. stipulaceum, Mast. in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 498 (in
part).

Sinoe Basin, Whyte. Also in Sierra Leone, by the Bagroo
River, Mann, 881.

Mann's specimen was referred by Masters, l. c. to H. stipu-
laceum, Welw. (no. 2495). This has, however, glabrous leaves,

THE FLORA OF LIBERIA. 101

petals which in the fruit are over 3 lin. long and thin, and much
more deeply divided styles.

ANDROSIPHONIA, Stapf (gen. nov. Passifloracearum).

Affinis Paropsie, Noronha, differt inflorescentia terminali
paniculata foliata, filamentis pubescentibus inferne dilatatis et
in tubum ovarium cingentem connatis.

Flores hermaphroditi. Calycis tubus (receptaculum) turbi-
natus, brevis; sepala 5, oblonga, acuta, tenuissime velutina.
Petala sepalis æquilonga et simillima nisi angustiora et paulo
tenuiora. Corona fere ad basin multipartita, segmentis late
linearibus copiose tenuiterque fimbriato-laceratis. Stamina 5;
filamenta inferne dilatata et in tubum ovarium cingentem e gyno-
phoro summo ortum connata, pubescentia. Ovarium breviter
stipitatum, ellipsoideum ; styli 3, liberi, antheras attingentes ;
stigmata globosa; ovula 2 in unaquaque placenta, collateralia.
Capsula (immatura) subglobosa, tenuissime velutina. Semina
ignota.— Frutex sempervirens. Folia alterna, obscure serrulata,
basi biglandulosa. Stipul@ nulle. Flores griseo-virescentes, in
cymulas paucifloras sessiles vel subsessiles arcte contractas
racemose dispositis, racemis ad ramorum apices in paniculas
foliaceas collectis; folia floralia flores squantes vel (inferiora)
longiora, basi glandulis 2 magnis nigrescentibus notata.

A. adenostegia, Stapf (spec. unica).

Rami glabri, cortice brunneo tecti. Folia oblonga, sensim in
longiusculum acumen attenuata, basi breviter constricta vel sub-
acuminata, margine obseure remote serrulata, ad 6 poll. longa,
2 (vel ultra) pollices lata, chartacea, glaberrima, ima basi utrinque
glandula nigreseente notata, nervis lateralibus utrinque circiter
8 obliquis sub margine areuato connectis uti venarum reticu-
latione eleganter prominulis. Panicula rigida, circiter 4 poll.
longa ; rami (racemi) stricti, 1-23 pull. longi, tenuissime fulvo-
velutini, rhachi gracili ; folia floralia subcoriacea, ovata vel
elliptica, acute acuminata vel mucronata, cum petiolo distincto
3-1 poll. longa glandulis 1 lin. diametro. Cymule sessiles vel
subsessiles arcte contracts, pauci- vel uniflore ; bracte minute ;
pedicelli basi disartieulati, 13-23 lin. longi, demum elongati et
nutantes. Calyx 4-6 lin. longus, post anthesin magis minusve
auctus ; receptaculum 14 lin. altum; sepala sub anthesi basi
vix 1 lin. lata. Petala. linearia, 4 lin. lata, grisea. Corona

12

102 DR. OTTO STAPF ON

paulo ultra 1 lin. alta. Staminum tubus ovoideus, vix 13 lin.
altus; filamentorum pars libera 2} lin. longa uti tubus extus
pubescens; anthera oblonge, 2-5 lin. longe, medio dorso affixe.
Ovarium 3 lin. longum; styli pertenues 3 lin. longi. Fructus
(immaturus) in pedicello recurvo pendulus, subglobosus, 3 lin.
longus.

Within 6 miles of Monrovia, Whyte.

Soyauxia grandifolia, Gilg et Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis
S. gabonensi, Oliver, ct S. glabrescenti, Engl., differt foliis lineari-
oblongis amplis et spicis densis, a S. glabrescente etiam sepalis
fulvo-sericeis.

Ramuli juniores tenuissime fulvo-tomentelli. Folia lineari-
oblonga, acuminata acumine acuto longiusculo, basi obtusa vel
subaeuta, fere pedalia, 13-3 poll. longa, coriacea, utrinque glabra,
viridia, eosta validiuseula, nervis lateralibus utrinque 13-15
obliquis sub margine ipso arcuato-connectis Subtus prominen-
tibus; venis transversis et reticulatione elegante utrinque pro-
minulis ; petioli crassi, 2-24 lin. longi. Spice densissime, a basi
floriferz, 24-5 poll. longs, cylindric, undique fulvo-velutine ;
bracteæ ovato-lanceolate acuminate, ad 1 lin. longe. Sepala
ovata, 14 lin. longa, extus velutina, intus glabra. Petala late
elliptica vel obovato-rotundata, ad 13 lin. longa. Filamenta
ad 8 lin. longa. Styli 3 ad lin. 3 longi. Ovula 2 in unaquaque
placenta. Capsula pedicello valde inerassato semigloboso insi-
dens, basi calyce persistente cincta, valvis 3 late obovatis duris
1 poll. longis fere 1 poll. latis dehiscens.

Sinoe Basin, Whyte; Grand Bassa, Dinklage, 2051.

Modecca tenuispira, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis M. Manni, Mast.,
differt foliis minoribus subtus magis conspicue recticulatis, ey mis
breviter peduneulatis, floribus triplo majoribus, calyce minus
profunde diviso.

Planta scandens, glaberrima. Folia oblonga vel elliptico-
oblonga, breviter subacuminata, basi subaeuta, 21-3 poll. longa,
1-13 poll. lata, subehartacea, nervis lateralibus utrinque 4 uti
venarum retieulatione subtus prominula; petioli 4-6 lin. longi,
apice 2-glandulosi. Cyme axillares, 2-4-flore ; pedunculi 14-
3 lin. longi; pedicelli 1-2 lin. longi. Flores g: Receptaculum
depresso-globosum, vix 13 lin. altum. Calya tubulosus, 5-lobus,
tubo (receptaculo) excluso ad 6 lin. longus, lobis oblongis obtusis

THE FLORA OF LIBERIA. 108

23 lin. longis, marginibus hyalinis integris undulatis. Petala
lineari-lanceolata, basi longe attenuata, fimbriata, 5 lin. longa.
Corona tenuiter membranacea, annuliformis, tenuissime laciniata
laciniis pilosulis. Glandule 5, breves, clavato-filiformes. Fila-
menta 3 lin. longa; anthere 3 lin. longs. Flores Q ignoti.
Semina compressa, oblique ovata, 5 lin. longa, 3 lin. lata, secun-
dum margines obscure tuberculata.
Sinoe Basin, Whyte.

Begonia Whytei, Stapf (sp. nov.); habitu B. Scutulo, Hook. f.,
simillima, differt floribus minoribus, petalis flavis, filamentis basi
in eolumnam connatis, capsulis multo magis basin versus attenu-
atis 4-alatis.

Caulis brevis, repens, radicans, hirsuto-villosus, cataphyllis
ovatis tenuibus fimbriatis 2 lin. longis. Folia peltata, oblique
ovata, acuminata, ad 5 poll. longa, ad 3 poll. alta, margine
obscure repando-serrata, membranacea, supra pareissime infra
et in marginibus copiosius setulosa (imprimis in nervis), circiter
7-nervia, nervis seeundariis venisque tenuibus ; petioli ad 5 poll.
longi, magis minusve hirsuti. Zaflorescentie terminales, cymis
3-4-floris longe pedunculatis racemose dispositis, magis minusve
hirsute ; rhachis communis ad 1 poll. longa; bractew ad pedun-
culorum bases eataphyllis simillimz, bracteæ cy mas subtendentes
ovate vel oblonge fimbriatw, quam inferiores multo minores;
pedunculi graciles ad 3 poll. longi; pedicelli florum g 4-5 lin.
longi, lorum 9 vix ulli. Flores d ante 9 aperti, mox decidui,
plerumque 3 in unaquaque cyma: sepala 2, rotundata, flava,
4 lin. diametro. Filamenta basi in columnam distinctam brevem
connata, parte libera anthere equilonga, } lin. longa. Flos 9
unicus in unaquaque cyma: sepala ut in d. Styli 4 simplices,
basi connati. Stigmata 4, semilunaria, haud torta. Fructus
obpyramidalis, basi longe attenuatus, ad 9 lin. longus, 4-alatus,
alis apice obtusis ad 24 lin. latis. Placente integre. Semina
ellipsoideo-globosa, laxe reticulata.

Sinoe Basin, Whyte.

B. Scutulum, Hook.f., is described as having bipartite placentas.
There is no female flower with the specimen which we have at
Kew, and only one fruit, which I do not wish to sacrifice. I am
therefore not able to decide whether the affinity of B. Whytei
and B. Seutulum is really as great as their general similarity
would suggest.

104 DR. OTTO STAPF ON

Begonia Simii, Stapf (sp. nov.) ; affinis B. auriculate, Hook. f.,
differt caulo erassiore succulento purpureo, foliorum auriculo
tota longitudine libero (haud petiolo adnato) nervis basalibus e
sinu intimo ortis, stipulis ellipticis deciduis.

Caulis carnosus, purpureus uti tota planta glaberrimus. Folia
oblique ovata, acuminata, basi inequaliter auriculato-cordata,
auriculo exteriore 3-5 lin. longo rotundato a basi libero, margine
obseure dentato, dentibus in setulam minutam abientibus, ad
4 poll.longa, ad 2 poll. lata, carnosula, nervis preter costam
circiter 5 ex ima basi ortis, nervis secundariis e costa utrinque
2-8 ; petioli 4-7 lin. longi, carnosuli ; stipule decidue, ovato- vel
oblongo-elliptiez, parce ciliato-dentate, tenues, 23 lin. longs.
Cyme axillares, pauciflore, 1 poll. breviores, pedunculo gracili
suffulte, bracteate, bracteis similibus nisi latiores. Flores d
pedicello gracili 2-24 lin. longo suffulti: sepala 2, orbicularia basi
obscure cordata, 3 lin. diametro, purpurea. Filamenta libera,
4-8 lin. longa; antheræ oblonge, circiter } lin. longs. Flos 9
brevissime pedicellatus: sepala ignota. Styli tres, basi con-
nati ; stigmata hippocrepiformia, longiuscule papillosa. Capsula
in pedunculo nutans, trigona, trialata, 9 lin. longa, alis demptis
3 lin. diametro, alis rotundatis maxima 3 lin. lata.

Sinoe Basin, Whyte.

Mussaenda conopharyngiifolia Stapf (sp.nov.); affinis M. tenui-
flore, Beuth., differt indumento inflorescentiarum patule hirsuto,
foliis supra preter costam setulosam glaberrimis etiamque infra
costa nervisque exceptis setulosis glaberrimis, sepalis linearibus
acuminatis, corollis anguste infundibuliformibus tubo latiore
limbo majore.

Ramuli hirsuti mox glabrescentes. Folia late elliptica, breviter
acuminata, basi obtusa, ultra 6 poll. longa, ad 34 poll. lata,
preter costam (utrinque) et nervos laterales subtus parce setu-
losos glaberrima, nervis lateralibus 7-8, venis transversis laxis ;
petioli 2 Jin. longi, setulosi; stipule profunde bifida, ad 4 poll.
longs, segmentis lineari-subulatis setulosis. Cym@ corymbose
disposite, ubique setuloso-hirsutz ; peduneulus brevis; bracteæ
lineares, superne attenuatz, fere l poll. longi, setulose; pedi-
celli brevissimi. Receptaculum hispidulum setulis nonnullis
longioribus additis. Sepala linearia, superne attenuata, acuta,
4-6 lin. longa, 3 lin. lata, setoso-ciliata, pauca uniuscuiusque
inflorescentie foliacea lutea, late elliptica, acuminata, petiolata,

THE FLORA OF LIBERIA. 105

ultra 3 poll. longa, 2 poll. lata, hispidula. Corolle aurantiace
tubus 10-11 lin. longus, infundibuliformi-tubulosus, superne
dilatatus, ad 1} lin. latus, patule flavo-setulosus; lobi latissime
ovati, apieulati, 3 lin. longi, ore aureo-tomentosi.

Sinoe Basin, Whyte.

Mussaenda macrosepala, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis M. tristig-
matice, Cummins, differt sepalis et corollis multo majoribus.

Ramuli subgraciles patule hirsuti. Folia elliptica vel elliptico-
oblonga vel sublauceolata, breviter acute acuminata, basi obtusa
vel aeuta, ad 4 poll. longa, 2 poll. lata, supra adpresse setulosa,
subtus in costa setulosa in nervis minute adpresse pilosa, margine
hirsutiuscula, nervis lateralibus utrinque circiter 17, prorsus
curvatis, nervis transversis tenuibus; petiolus dense hirsutus,
21 lin. longus; stipulew bipartite segmentis subulatis, appresse
hirsute, 4-6 lin longe. Cyme densiflorz, ad ramulorum apices
2-3, dense undique flavo-hirsute ; pedunculi 3 ad ultra 1 poll.
longi; bractes lineari-lanceolate, acuminate, ad 4 lin. longe ;
pedicelli brevissimi. Receptaculum densissime flavo-hispidum,
vix 3 lin. longum. Sepala lanceolata, acute acuminata, 10-13
lin. longa, 3 lin. lata, utrinque hirsuto-tomentosa. Corolle
aurantiace tubus subcylindricus, supra medium ampliatus, ultra
1 poll. longus, dense aureo-tomentosus; limbus lobis ovatis
apiculatis extus sericeo-tomentosis, 1 poll. diametro, ore aureo-
velutino.

Sinoe Basin, WAyte.

Sabicea discolor, Stapf (sp. nov.) ; affinis S. venose, Benth.,
differt foliis subtus albidis dense araneoso-tomentosis, calycis
segmentis quam receptaculo, preecipue in fructu, brevioribus.

Ramuli fusco-cinerei adpresse hirsuti. Folia ovata vel elliptica,
acuminata, basi rotundata, ad 4 poll. longa, ad 1? poll. lata,
chartacea, supra sparse hirsuta, subtus albida, araneoso-tomentosa
et in nervis adpresse hirsuta, nervis lateralibus utrinque 12-15,
sub margine prorsus curvatis venis trausversis obscuris; petioli
ad 7 lin. longi, adpresse hirsuti; stipule late ovate, acuminate,
3 lin. long, utrinque minus magisve adpresse hirsute. Cyme
multiflora, axillares, laxe, 1-1} poll. diametro, pedunculo 4-6
lin. longo suffulte, undique albo-hirsute ; bracteæ oblonge, ad
11 lin. long: ; pedicelli brevissimi vel ad 3 lin. longi. Recepta-
culum dense albo-strigillosum, 2 liu. longum. | Calycis segmenta

106 DR. OTTO STAPF ON

j liu. longa, in fruetu haud aucta, ovata, obtusiuscula. Corolla
angustissime infundibuliformis, 5 lin. longa, extus sparse adpresse
pilosa; lobi ovati, acuti, 1 lin. longi. Fructus globosus, 14 lin.
diametro.

Near Monrovia and in the Sinoe Basin, Whyte. Also in the
Gold Coast near Akwapim, at 1400 feet, Murphy (herb. Johnson,
679).

This might be treated as a variety, like the following species.

Sabicea lasiocalyx, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis S. ferruginec,
Benth., differt ramulis pedunculisque patule hirsutis, receptaculo
et calycis tubo æque adpresse albo-tomentosis et preterea uti
calycis segmentis longe hirsutis, capitulo compacto.

Ramuli adpresse hirsuta pilis longis patulis additis, ferruginei.
Folia late oblonga vel elliptiea, subaeuminata, basi rotundata,
6-8 poll. longa, 23-4 poll. lata, supra costa hirsutiuscula
excepta glabrata exsiccando nigrescentia, subtus cinnamomea
adpresse lanato-tomentosa pilis tenuibus longioribus nonnullis
additis, nervis lateralibus utrinque cireiter 20, marginem versus
prorsus curvatis venis transversis obscuris; petioli 3-1 poll.
longi, dense hirsuti; stipule foliacee late ovate, acuminate, ad
i poll. longe, dorso hirsute. Capitula densa, pedunculo 11-4
poll. longo eodem indumento ae ramulis induto; bractex in-
volucrantes rotundato-ovatæ, longe tenuiter acuminate, 3-1 poll.
longs, dorso tomentose et simul patule hirsute. Flores arcte
congesti, sessiles. Receptaculum uti calycis tubus æque adpresse
albo-tomentosum preterea pilis longioribus hirsutum. Calycis
tubus brevis, demum paulo elongatus; segmenta subulata ad
à poll. longa, albo-tomentosa insuper pilis tenuibus patulis ad
13 lin. longis additis. Corolla anguste infundibuliformi-tubulosa,
circiter 2 poll. longa, basi glabra, medio albo-pubescens, superne
et in loborum dorsis dense albo-tomentosa ; lobi vix 1 lin. longi.

Within 6 miles of Monrovia ; Sinoe Basin, Whyte.

This might perhaps be treated as a variety of S. Jerruginea
with an exceptionally copious indumentum and sessile flowers.

Webera gracilis, Stapf (sp. nov.) ; affinis W. congensis, Stapf
(Tarenna congensis, Hiern), sed foliis tenuioribus, longius acu-
minatis, nervis lateralibus 7-8 in utroque latere, inflorescentiis
puberulis strictioribus, ramis longioribus, floribus multo minori-
bus, alabastris adultis 6—7 lin. longis.

THE FLORA OF LIBERIA. 107

Ramuli graciles, glabri, cortice pallide fusci. Folia elliptico-
oblonga vel elliptico-lanceolata, acuminata (acumine ad 4 poll.
longo), basi obtusa vel breviter acuminata, 23-4 poll. longa,
14-1}? poll. lata, membranacea, glaberrima, nervis lateralibus
utrinque circiter 8 valde obliquis sub margine prorsus curvatis
uti venis tenuibus; petioli 1-2 lin. longi; stipulw latissime,
rotundate, apiculate, 1 lin. alte. Inflorescentie corymbiformes
plures ad ramulorum apices; pedunculi graciles, ad 1 poll.
longi, uti rami pedicellique tenuissime pubescentes ; rami primarii
circiter 4 poll. longi; bractew ovate vel lanceolate, minute,
pubescentes; pedicelli 2-4 lin. longi, minute braeteolati. Ke-
ceptaculum obovoideo-globosum, } liu. longum, uti calyx tenuis-
sime pubescens. Calycis tubus brevis lobis late triangulari-
ovatis acutis. Corolle glabre tubus subcylindricus, supra
medium ampliatus, ad 5 lin. longus; lobi oblongi, obtusi, 3 lin.
longi. Anthere 3 lin. longe. Stylus glaber. Fructus globosus,
1j lin. diametro.

Sinoe Basin, aud without precise locality, Whyte.

Oxyanthus tenuis, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis O. pallido, Hiern,
differt ramis gracilioribus, foliis tenuioribus, petiolis gracilioribus,
stipulis 2-3 lin. longis, coroll: tubo tenuiore, lobis brevioribus.

Planta glaberrima. Rami graciles, teretes. Folia oblongo-
lanceolata, acuminata, basi acuta, 4-6 poll. longa, 14-2 poll. lata,
membranacea, tenuia, nervis lateralibus utrinque circiter 6,
uti venis tenuibus; petiolus 3 lin. longus, gracilis; stipulae e
basi triangulari subulate, 2-3 lin. longw, membranaceg. Cyme
3-4-flore, subsessiles vel pedunculo crassiusculo ad 2 lin. longo
suffulta; ; bractew lanceolate, tenuiter acuminate, ad 2 lin. long.
Pedicelli brevissimi vel ad 4 lin. longi. Receptaculum ovoideo-
oblongum, 1 lin. longum. Calycis tubus brevis; segmenta
subulata, 1 lin. longa. Corolle tubus tenuis, cylindricus, ultra
5 poll. longus; lobi lineares, angusti, 9 lin. longi. Anthere
vix 2 lin. longa.

Sinoe Basin, Whyte. Also in Sierra Leone, Limba Country,
Madina, Scott Elliot, 5571.

Ixora congesta, Stapf (sp. nov.); allinis Z. daviflore, Smith,
differt foliis majoribus, floribus sessilibus ad apices ramulorum
brevium corymbi trichotomi aggregatis.

Planta glaberrima preter iuflorescentiam interdum sparse
papilloso-puberulam. KRamuli teretes, fuscescentes. Folia lan-

108 DR. OTTO STAPF ON

ceolato-oblonga vel elliptiea, in eodem ramulo valde varia, acute
acuminata acumine ad 1 poll. longo, basi longe cuneato-attenuata
vel summa rotundata vel subcordata, ad 1 ped. longa, 12-4 poll.
lata, coriacea, nervis lateralibus utrinque 15-18 subpatulis sub
margine prorsus arcuatis uti venarum retieulatione laxa utrinque
prominulis ; petioli ad 1 poll. longi vel summi brevissimi, crassi ;
stipule basi in tubum brevem connate, late ovate, subulato-
acuminate, ad 4 poll. longs. Corymbi multiflori, densissimi,
pedunculo 3-5 poll. longo suffulti; rami primarii 5-9 lin. longi,
interdum uti ramuli obscure papilloso-puberuli ; bractew bracteo-
læque lanceolato-subulate, infime ad 3 lin. longe. Flores 2 vel
plures ad apices ramulorum brevium braeteatorum sessiles.
Jieceptaculum globosum, i lin. altum. Calycis segmenta late
ovata, acuta, 3 lin. longa. Corolle tubus tenuis, cylindricus,
6-7 lin. longus; lobi lineares, acuti, 4-5 lin. longi, basi papillosi.
Anthere ad 3 liu. longe. Stylus 4 lin. e corolla tubo exsertus,
tandem ad 14 lin. divisus.
Siuoe Basin, Whyte.

Ixora atrata, Stapf (sp. uov.); affiuis Z. Soyauxii, Hiern,
differt ramulis strictis divaricatis, foliis glaberrimis, nervis
venisque infra pulchre prominulis, alabastris acuminatis, coroll
segmentis longioribus.

Planta preter inflorescentias petiolosque interdum parce
pilosulos glaberrima, exsiecando nigricans. Ramuli graciles,
teretes. Folia elliptico-lanceolata vel oblongo-lanceolata, acu-
minata, basi acuta, 34-44 poll. longa, 14-2 poll. lata, mem-
branacea, nervis lateralibus utrinque 4-5 valde obliquis sub
margine arcuato conneetis uti venis transversis subtus pro-
minentibus; petioli 11-3 lin. longi, graciles; stipule e basi
latissima brevi abrupte tenuissime subulatæ ad 2) liu. longs.
Cyme laxi, teichotomie, pauciflore ad ramulorum apices; pedun-
culi graciles, 4-9 lin. longi, uti rami et pedicelli glabri vel parce
rufo-pilosuli; rami 2-4 lin. longi; bractew lanceolate vel
subulate, parvw; pedicelli ad 24 lin. longi. Receptaculum vix
+ lin. longum. Calyx vix 4 lin. longus, segmentis ovatis obtusis
vel acutis. Corolle tubus 23-3 lin. longus, cylindricus, superne
paulo dilatatus ; lobi oblongi, 4 lin. longi.

Within 6 miles of Monrovia, Whyte.

Coffea nudiflora, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis C. melanocarpe,
Hiern, sed floribus folia precedentibus, corolla ore glabra,
fructibus rubris distincta; a C. divaricata, K. Schum., et

THE FLORA OF LIBERIA. 109

C. rupestri, Hiern, quibus habitu simillima, imprimis calyculo
minuto differt.

Planta glaberrima. Rami graciles, cortice cinerascente vel
albieante. Folia decidua oblonga vel ovata vel obovato-oblonga,
acuminata, basi acuta, 31-5 poll. longa, 14-12 poll lata, tenuiter
membranaeea, nervis lateralibus utrinque 5 obliquis arcuato-
connectis ut venis tenuissimis; petioli 13-2 lin. longi; stipule
e basi lata subito subulato-contracte vel apiculate, ad 1 lin.
longs, deinde indurate albieantes. Flores in ramis annotinis
ante folia hornotina evoluti, solitarii vel bini in ramulis brevissimis
sessiles; bractew infimee (2 paria) membranacez in annulum brevem
subbilobum connate, summe (2 paria) calyculum formantes
magis minusve herbacez, ovate, acute, plerumque parve, rarius
in folia parvula ecrescentes. Calyx truncatus annuliformis.
Corolle glabre tubus cylindricus, 1 poll. longus ; lobi elliptico-
oblongi, 24 lin. longi; lobi 6, oblique truncato-elliptici, 33-4 lin.
longi. Anthere inclusw, lj lin. longe. Stigma inclusum.
Fructus ruber, globosus, 2-24 lin. diametro.

Within 6 miles of Monrovia and in the Sinoe Basin, Whyte.

Coffea ligustrifolia, Stapf (sp. nov.); aflinis C. scandenti,
K. Schum., sed ramis rigidis angulo recto divaricatis, foliis
angustioribus, valyculi bracteis summis foliaceis, calycis margine
crenato corollae tubo multo longiore.

Rami uti tota planta glaberrimi, cortice castaneo tecti, angulo
recto divaricati. Folia sempervirentia lanceolata, obtusiuscule
acuminata, basi acuta, 24-8 poll. longa, 3 ad fere 1 poll. lata,
subcoriacea, nervis lateralibus utrinque 4-5 sub margine eleganter
arcuato-connectis uti venarum retieulatione utrinque prominulis ;
petioli 1 lin. longi; stipule brevissimz, lata, apiculate. Flores
solitarii vel bini, axillares sessiles; braetez irfimæ (2 paria) in
annulum obscure bilobum connate, summe (2 paria) calyeulum
formantes foliacez, elliptiez vel ovato-elliptieze, acute, ad 3 lin.
longe. Calyx brevissimus crenulatus. Corolle glabre tubus
tenuiter infundibuliformis, ad 7 lin. longus, ore fere 2 lin.
diametro ; lobi 5 lineari-oblongi, 54 lin. longi. Anthere exsertæ
21 ad fere 3 lin. longe. Stigma coroll; os 3—4 lin. excedens,

Sinoe Basin, Whyte.

Tylophora liberica, W. E. Brown (sp. nov.); T. conspicue,
N. E. Br, simillima, sed glabra et lobis basalibus foliorum
brevioribus.

110 DR. OTTO STAPF ON

Caulis scandens, glaber. Folia glabra; petiolus 3-1 poll.
longus; lamina 33-44 poll. longa, 2-24 poll.lata, oblonga vel
elliptico-oblonga, acuta vel acuminata, basi cordata vel emarginata,
lobis vel auriculis ad 1 poll. longis. Pedunculi ad flexuras
racemum brevem sessilem gerentes, glabri. Pedicelli 4-5 lin.
longi, glabri. Sepala 1 lin. longa, ovata, glabra. Corolle lobi
2 lin. longi, 1 lin. lati, oblique elliptico-oblongi, apice rotundati.
Coronc tuberculi subglobosi, fusci. Columna staminum basi non
dilatata.

Sinoe Basin, Whyte.

Lankesteria brevior, C. B. Clarke (sp. nov.); L. eleganti,
T. Anders., affinis, sed corolle tubo multo breviore distincta.—
L. elegans, C. B. Clarke, in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. v. p. 70, pro
parte.

Rami imo in parte superiore lignescentes. Folia anguste
obovata (in L. eleganti elliptica, apice magis acuminata). Strobili
bractee iis L. elegantis similes, sed plus minus pubescentes, in
margine ciliato-villose. Calyæ į poll. longus, aut parum longior.
Corolla alba, in centro lutescens (teste W. H. Johnson); tubus
3 poll. longus vel brevior (in Z. eleganti 1 poll. longus vel ultra),
limbi lobi quam Z. elegantis minores. Anthere e coroll tubo
brevissime exserte. Capsula 2 lin. longa stipite cylindrico,
apice rotundata, complanata, copiose hygroscopice hirsuta.

Near Monrovia, Whyte. Also in the following localities :—
Gold Coast, Akim, W. H. Johnston, 257, 261, and without
precise locality, Burton and Cameron. Ashanti Country, near
Kumassi, Cummins, 50, 199. Cameroons, in primeval forest,
Staudt, 538 (issued as L. Barteri, Hook. f.).

AFRODAPHNE, Stapf (gen. nov. Lauracearum).

Affinis inter | Lauraceas gerontogeas Beilschmiedia, Nees,
differt receptaculo cupulari vel turbinato distineto, filamentis pro
ratione brevioribus vel subnullis, ovario in receptaculo sub-
immerso, panieulis laxioribus, sepe amplis; inter neogeas
accedit ad Hufelandiam, Nees, et Aioueam, Aubl., sed a priore
receptaculo, ab altera perianthio magis herbaceo, receptaculo
haud carnoso-incrassato nee persistente recedit.

Flores hermaphroditi. | Perianthium herbaceum, post authesin
totum deciduum ; receptaculum eupulare vel turbinatum ;
segmenta 6, wqualia, parva. Stamina ordinis primi et secundi

THE FLORA OF LIBERIA. 111

qualia, fertilia, basi eglandulosa, magis minusve papilloso-
pilosula ; filamenta lata, brevia vel subnulla; anthere late
ovate vel subquadrate, introrsum 2-locellate; stamina tertii
ordinis vel fertilia filamento distincto subeylindrieo pilosulo,
antheris extrorsum 2-locellatis, vel at filamenta conica brevia
dense papillosa circa ovarium in conum conniventia reducta,
semper basi utrinque glandula carnosa crassa instructa; stamina
quarti ordinis semper sterilia, vel ad fila pilosula vel ad glandulam
cordatam carnosam reducta. Ovarium sessile in receptaeuli
basin subimmersum, anguste ovoideum, sensim in stylum longi-
useulum gracilem attenuata. Drupa pedicello haud inerassato
insidens, basi nuda, oblonga. Semen cotyledonibus magnis
plano-convexis coreulum parvum ineludentibus.

Arbores vel frutices, gemmis nudis sericeo-velutinis. Folia
alterna, rarius nonnulla subopposita, coriacea glabra, pennivenia.
Flores parvi vel minimi in panieulas multifloras laxiuseulas
axillares parce vel vix bracteatas dispositi, pedicellis brevibus
vel longiuseulis.

Species circiter 15, omnes Africæ occidentalis.

Although very homogeneous in general appearance, the genus
consists of two clearly distinct sets which may be treated as
sections, the difference being chiefly in the presence of 9 or of 6
fertile stamens. Where the third series of stamens is reduced
to staminodes, the latter connive more or less into a cone
surrounding the ovary. I propose for these sections the names
Ennearrhena and Hexarrhena respectively, the names explaining
themselves.

To the section Ennearrhena I refer the following species :—

l. A. ErATA, Stapf (= Beilschmiedia elata, Scott Elliot).
2. A. FRUTICOSA, Stapf (= Beilschmiedia fruticosa, Eagl.).
3. A. GRANDIFOLIA, Stapf (= Cryptocarya ? grandifolia, Zngl.).
4. A. Manni, Stapf (= Beilschmiedia Mannii, Hook. f.= Oreo-
daphne Mannii, Meissn.).
5. A. MINUTIFLORA, Stapf ( = Beilschmiedia minutiflora, Hook. f.
= Oreodaphne minutiflora, Meissn.).
6. A. NITIDA, Stapf (= Beilschmiedia nitida, Engl.).
7. A. Preussin, Stapf (= Beilschmiedia Preussii, Hng/.).
8. A. SESSILTFOLIA, Stapf (= Beilschmiedia sessilifolia, Engl.).
9. A. Srauprir, Stapf (= Beilschmiedia Staudtii, Engl.)
10. A. ZENKERI, Stapf (= Beilschmiedia Zenkeri, /ng/.),

112 DR. OTTO STAPF ON

To the section Hexarrhena belong :—
11. AFRODAPHNE CALABARTCA, Stapf (Mann, 2255, in part).
12. A. CAUDATA, Stapf (sce below).
13. A. EURYNEURA, Stapf (see below).
14. A. aABOONENSIS, Stapf(=Beilschmiediagaboonensis, Hook.f.
=Oreodaphne gaboonensis, Meissn.).
15. A. OBSCURA, Stapf ( — Beilsehmiedia obscura, Engl.).

Afrodaphne caudata, S/apf (sp. nov.); inter species sectionis
Hexarrhene foribus majuseulis, staminibus quarti ordinis ad
filamenta pilosa eglandulosa distincta.

Folia oblonga, caudato-acuminata acumine acuto ultrapollicari,
basi obtusa, 9 poll. (vel ultra) longa, ad 34 poll. lata, coriacea,
glaberrima, lucidula, nervis lateralibus utrinque circiter 8
areuato-connectis, nervo collectivo submarginali altero addito,
utrinque pulehre laxe retieulata; petioli erassi, 3 lin. longi.
Panicule laxe, ad 8 poll. longs, superne fulvo-puberule ;
pedunculi ad 3 poll. longi; braetes pauce, decidusm, ovate,
concave, ad 2 lin. longæ, dorso fulvo-tomentelle ; pedicelli 1-2
lin. longi. Perianthium turbinatum, 13 lin. longum, extus
fulvo-tomentellum ; receptaculum j lin. altum, basi haud con-
strictum : lobi ovati, subacuti. Stamina primi et secundi ordinis
filamentis brevissimis ad loborum bases insertis, antheris apicu-
latis apice papillosis; tertii ordinis ad staminodia anguste conica
dense papillosa reducta, glandulis majusculis; quarti ordinis
ad filamenta pilosula basi eglandulosa reducta. Pistillum e flore
haud exsertum.

Sinoe Basin, Whyte.

A. euryneura, Stapf (sp. nov.), affinis A. gaboonensi, Stapf,
differt foliia majoribus basi rotundatis nervis lateralibus dis-
tantibus, panieulis majoribus.

Folia oblonga, breviter tenuiterque acuminata vel fere aristu-
lata, basi rotundata, ad 8 poll. vel ultra longa, ad 34 poll. lata,
coriacea, glabra, nervis lateralibus utrinque circiter 8 arcuato-
connectis subtus valde prominentibus, nervo collectivo sub-
marginali altero addito (haud semper conspicuo), venarum re-
tieulatione laxa utrinque prominula; petioli ad 6 lin. longi,
crassi. JPanieule 4-8 poll. longs, laxæ, superne fulvo-cinereo-
puberule; pedunculi 1-8 poll. longi; bractew paucæ, ovate,
acute, concave, ad 2 lin. longe, dorso fulvo- vel cinereo-tomen-

THE FLORA OF LIBERIA. 118

telle ; pedicelli graciles, 1 lin. longi. Perianthium breviter
turbinato-globosum, vix 1 lin. longum, extus fulvo-cinereo-
tomentellum ; receptaculum 4-i perianthii altitudine ; lobi late
ovati, subacuti. Stamina primi et secundi ordinis filamentis
brevissimis ad loborum bases inserti antheris exapieulatis apice
papillosis; tertii ordinis ad staminodia eoniea dense papillosa
reductis glandulis crassissimis ; quarti ordinis ad glandulam
cordatam carnosam apiee et seeundum lineam mediam utrinque
papillosam reducta. Pistillum stylo apice jam ante flores
apertos exserto.
Sinoe Basin, Whyte.

Cleistanthus liberica, JV. E. Brown (sp. nov.) ; affinis C. ango-
lensi, Muell. Arg., cortice cinereo, cuspide foliorum longiore
angustioreque distincta.

Cortex cinereus, nec brunneus. Folia alterna, breviter petio-
lata, 21-32 poll. longa, 11-1} poll. lata, oblonga vel elliptico-
oblonga, cuspidato-acuminata, basi obtusa vel late cuneata,
glabra cuspide 7-9 lin. longa basi 12-2 lin. lata lineari obtusa,
Racemi }-1 poll. longi, ferrugiueo-puberuli. Flores d fascieu-
lati. Pedicelli 11-2 lin. longi. Sepala 1} lin. longa, lineari-
oblonga, acuta. Petala minuta, vix 3 lin. longa, linearia, apice
dentata, glabra. Discus crassus, integer, apice dense pubescens.
Flores 9 non vidi.

Sinoe Basin, Whyte.

Phyllanthus profusus, W. E. Brown (sp. nov.); P. floribundo,
Muell. Arg., habitu simillimus, differt foliis ovatis acuminatis,
floribus numerosioribus albidis vel pallide viridescentibus.

Rami foliiferi 34-5 poll. longi, glabri. Folia breviter petio-
lata, 2-3 poll. longa, #-13 poll. lata, ovata vel elliptico-ovata,
acute acuminata, glabra, subtus pallida. Flores d numero-
sissimi fasciculati, albi vel pallide viridescentes, glabri ; fasciculi
in racemos interruptos fasciculatos 23-5 poll. longos dispositi.
Pedicelli 1-2 lin. longi. Sepala 4, 3-3 lin. longa, elliptico-
oblonga, obtusa. Glandule 4, minutissime. Stamina 4, libera.
Flores 9 non vidi.

Sinoe Basin, Whyte.

Croton dispar, N. E. Brown (sp. nov.): C. macrostachyo,
A. Rich., habitu similis sed gracilior et glabrior.
Rami floriferi 1 lin. crassi, minute et sparse ferrugineo-

114 DR. OTTO STAPF ON

lepidoti, demum glabri. Folia elliptico-ovata vel oblonga,
obtuse subcuspidato-acuminata, basi leviter emarginata vel
latissime rotundata, triplinervia, utrinque fere glabra, squamulis
minutis stellatis sparsissime conspersa; petiolus 3-1 poll.
longus; lamina 23-8 poll. longa, 11-2 poll. lata. Racemus
terminalis, solitarius, 5-6 poll. longus. Flores masculi 5-meri ;
femineos non vidi. Pedicelli 2 lin. longi, minutissime stellato-
puberuli. Sepala et petala 5, revoluto-reflexa, subequalia, fere
1 lin. longa; sepala subacuta, glabra, apice ciliata; petala
obtusa, dorso glabra, intra lanata. | Glandule 5, subulate.
Stamina 10-11; filamenta 13 lin. longa, glabra. Receptaculum
pilosum. | Ovarium rudimentum nullum.
Near Monrovia, Whyte.

Crotonogyne caterviflora, JV. E. Brown (sp. nov.); proxima
C. Manniane, Muell. Arg., sed foliis basi rotundatis nee longe
cuneato-aeutis, et racemis multo brevioribus distincta.

Folia oblongo-oblanceolata, breviter acuminata, basi obtuse
rotundata, utrinque sparsissime lepidota vel supra fere glabra ;
petiolus 5-8 lin. longus; lamina 4-7 poll. longa, 14-23 poll.
lata. Racemi masculi 2-6 poll. longi, dissite glomeruliflori,
lepidoti ; femineos non vidi. Pedicelli 3-1 lin. longi, dense
lepidoti. Sepala 3, subinzqualia, 1-1} lin. longa, elliptica,
densissime lepidota. Petala 5, elliptica, obtusa, 11 lin. longa,
glabra. Stamina 15; filamenta 4-1 lin. longa, basi dilatata,
connata.

Sinoe Basin, Whyte.

Erythrococca aculeata, Benth., var. acutissima, N. E. Brown
(var. nov.) ; ab typo differt foliis acutissime (nee obtuse) acu-
minatis.

Around Monrovia, Whyte.

Hemanthus longitubus, C. H. Wright (sp. nov.); affinis
H. multifloro, Martyn, perianthii tubo multo longiore differt.

Folia elliptica, breviter abrupteque acuminata, tenuiter mem-
branacea, 6 poll. longa, 23 poll. lata; petioli 1l poll. longi;
vagine 3 poll. longz, maculate. Pedunculus lateralis, 8 poll.
longus, multiflorus ; spathz e basi ovata longe acuminate, rubre ;
pedicelli tenues, 6 lin. longi. Perianthium rubrum; tubus
cylindrieus, tenuis, 14 lin. longus; segmenta linearia, tubo

THE FLORA OF LIBERIA. 115

equilonga, 2— lin. lata, 1-nervia. Stamina perianthii segmentis
equilonga. Ovarium trilobum ; ovula solitaria.

Sinoe Basin, Whyte.

This species, at first sight, much resembles the widely-spread
H. multiflorus, Martyn, which is distinguished by its perianth
not exceeding half an inch in length.

Dracena prolata, C. H. Wright (sp. nov.); a D. bicolore,
Hook., foliis basi non longe attenuatis, vaginis parvis, petiolisque
brevioribus crassioribus differt.

Caules leves, siccando straminei, nitidi. Folia elliptica, basi
apiceque breviter acuminata, obtusa, coriacea, circa 7 poll. longa,
3 poll.lata; petioli superiores ad 1 poll. longi. Panieula brevis,
congesta; bracteæ late triangulares, acute; pedicelli 2 lin.
longi. — Perianthii tubus cylindricus, 3 lin. longus, 3 lin. diam. ;
segmenta oblonga, apice cucullata, mucronata, 4 lin. longa, 1 lin.
lata. Anthere oblongz, 1l lin. longg. Ovarium ovoideum ;
stylus antheras paullo superans.

Sinoe Basin, Whyte; within 6 miles of Monrovia, Whyte.

Culcasia liberica, V. E. Brown (sp. nov.) ; affinis C. scandenti,
Beauv., differt caule crassiore, foliis majoribus, floribus numerosi-
oribus.

Caulis X poll. crassus. Folia lanceolata vel elliptico-lanceo-
lata, acuta vel subeuspidata, basi cuneata; petiolus 44-5 poll.
longus ; lamina 8-9 poll. longa, 3-32 poll. lata. ^ Pedunculi 7-8
in fasciculos terminales dispositi, 13-22 poll. longi, 1-14 lin.
crassi. Spatha li poll. longa; tubus ovoideus ; lamina eymbi-
formis, subaeuta. Spadix e spatha exserta, 2 poll. longa, parte
feminea 2-23 lin. longa, subglobosa, parte mascula a feminea
longe distante, cylindrico-clavata. Ovarium subglobosum ; stigma
sessile.

Sinoe Basin, Whyte.

P.S.—The specimens mentioned on pp. 89 and 94 as collected
by H. Reynolds form part of a small collection received at Kew
since this paper was read.

12th May, 1905. O. STAPF.

LINN. JOURN.— BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII. K

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THE JOURNAL

OF

THE LINNEAN SOCIETY,

Vor. XXXVII. BOTANY. No. 259.

CONTENTS.
Page
I. The Botany of the Anglo-German Uganda Boundary
Commission. By E. G. Baxer, F.L.S., S. Moore,
F.L.S., and A. B. Manus D.Se., F.L.S. (Plates 1-4) 116
II. The Axillary Seales of Aquatic Monocotyledons. By
R. J. Harvey Gissow, M.A., F.L.S., Professor of
Botany in the University of Liverpool. (Plates 5 & 6) 228
III. The Botany of Gough Island.—l. Phanerogams and
Ferns. By R. N. Rupmose Brown, B.Sc., Botanist
of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. (Com-
municated by W. Borrine Hemsuey, F.R.S., F.L.S8.)
(Plates 7-9)... eR emn 238
IV. Mansoniez, a new Tribe of the Natural Order Stereu-
liaceæ. By Lt.-Col. D. Pratn, I. M.5., F.R.S., F.L.S.
CPlate 10)... raai thor ht He EERASRAR AMOUR HN 250
V. The Botany of Gough Island.—II. Cryptogams (ex-
cluding Ferns and Unicellular Alge) By R. N.
RupwosE Browy, B.Sc., C. H. Wriaut, A. L.S., and
O. V. DARBISHIRE. (Communicated by W. Borrina
CETOXLR Dig qe 00-00 49 99 — Y CERO DU canes 263
VI. Notes on the Genus Widdringtonia. By MaxwerL T.
Masters, M.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., Correspondent of
the Institute of France ....................... serere. 267

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1905.

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.

LIST OF THE OFFICERS AND COUNCIL,
Elected 24th May, 1905.

PRESIDENT.
Prof. W. A. Herdman, D.Sc., F.R.S.

VICE-PRESIDENTS.

Charles Baron Clarke, M.A., F.R.S.
Frank Crisp, LL.B., B.A.

Horace W, Monckton, F.G.8.
Dr. A. Smith Woodward, F.R.S.

TREASURER.
Horace W. Monckton, F.G.S.

SECRETARIES.

D. H. Scott, M.A., Ph.D., F.R 8.

| Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing, M.A., F.R.S.

CENERAL SECRETARY.
B. Daydon Jackson, Esq.

COUNCIL.

R. Assheton, M.A,

V. H. Blackman, M.A.

Gilbert C. Bourne, D.Sc.

Dr. Horace T. Brown, F.R.S.
Charles Baron Clarke, M.A., F.R.S.
Frank Crisp, LL.B., B.A,

Prof. J. B. Farmer, D.Sc., F.R.S.
Rev. Canon Fowler, M.A.

Prof. W. A. Herdman, F.R.S.
B. Daydon Jackson, Esq.
Horace W. Monckton, F.G.S.

Prof. F. W. Oliver, D.Sc., F.R.S.

Clement Reid, F.R.S.

Dr. A. B. Rendle, M.A.

Dr. W. G. Ridewood, F.Z.8.

Dukinfield H. Scott, M.A., Ph.D,
F.R.S.

David Sharp, F.R.S.

Dr. Otto Stapf.

Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing, M.A., F.R.S.

A. Smith Woodward, F.R.S.

LIBRARIAN.
A. W. Kappel,

CLERK.
A. R. Hammond.

LIBRARY COMMITTEE.

This consists of nine Fellows (three of whom retire annuall

y) and of the

officers ex officio; the former are elected annually by the Council in June,

and serve til the succeeding
required during the Session.
the officers, are :—

Herbert Druce, F.Z.8.

Antony Gepp, M.A,

W. Botting Hemsley, F.R.S.

Dr. G. Henderson.

P. Chalmers Mitchell, M.A., F.Z.S.

Anniversary.

The Members for

The Committee meets as
1904-1905, in addition to

A. B. Rendle, M.A., D.Sc.

A. Q. Tansley, M.A.

Prof. H. Marshall Ward, F.R.S.
Dr. A. Smith Woodward, F.R.S,

THE FLORA OF LIBERIA. 115

æquilonga, 3—} lin. lata, 1-nervia. Stamina perianthii segmentis
equilonga. Ovarium trilobum; ovula solitaria.

Sinoe Basin, Whyte.

This species, at first sight, much resembles the widely-spread
H. multiflorus, Martyn, which is distinguished by its perianth
not exceeding half an inch in length.

Dracena prolata, C. H. Wright (sp. nov.); a D. bicolore,
Hook., foliis basi non longe attenuatis, vaginis parvis, petiolisque
brevioribus crassioribus differt.

Caules leves, siccando straminel, nitidi. Folia elliptica, basi
apiceque breviter acuminata, obtusa, coriacea, circa 7 poll. longa,
3 poll. lata; petioli superiores ad 1 poll. longi. Panicula brevis,
congesta; bractee late triangulares, acute; pedicelli 2 lin.
longi. Perianthii tubus cylindricus, 3 lin. longus, 4 lin. diam. ;
segmenta oblonga, apice cucullata, mucronata, 4 lin. longa, 1 lin.
lata. Anthere oblonge, 14 lin. longs. Ovarium ovoideum ;
stylus antheras paullo superans.

Sinoe Basin, Whyte; within 6 miles of Monrovia, Whyte.

Culcasia liberica, N. E. Brown (sp. nov.) ; affinis C. scandenti,
Beauv., differt caule crassiore, foliis majoribus, floribus numerosi-
oribus.

Caulis + poll. crassus. Folia lanceolata vel elliptico-lanceo-
lata, acuta vel subcuspidata, basi cuneata; petiolus 44-5 poll.
longus; lamina 8-9 poll. longa, 8-32 poll. lata. Pedunculi 7-8
in fasciculos terminales dispositi, 12-22 poll. longi, 1-1} lin.
crassi. Spatha 1i poll. longa; tubus ovoideus ; lamina cymbi-
formis, subacuta. Spadix e spatha exserta, 2 poll. longa, parte
feminea 2-24 lin. longa, subglobosa, parte mascula a feminea
longe distante, cylindrico-clavata. Ovarium subglobosum; stigma
sessile.

Sinoe Basin, Whyte.

[ P.S.—The specimens mentioned on pp. 89 and 94 as collected
by H. Reynolds form part of a small collection received at Kew
ince this paper was read.
19th May, 1905. O. SraPr.]

LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII. K

116 THE BOTANY OF THE ANGLO-GERMAN

The Botany of the Anglo-German Uganda ndary Commission.
By E. Œ. Barek, F.L.S.; S. Moors, F.L.3.; and A. B.
RENDLE, M.A., D.Sc., F.L.S.

(Prates 1-4.)
[Read 16th February, 1905.]

THE collections which form the subject of this paper were made
by Dr. A. G. Bagshawe, medieal officer to the recent Anglo-
German Uganda Boundary Commission under H.M. Com-
missioner, Lieut.-Col. Delmé-Radcliffe. Beginning at the mouth
of the Kagera River, on the south-western boundary of the
Uganda Protectorate, at a point where the river empties itself
into the Victoria Nyanza on the west side, a camp was made for
three months. The second collecting-centre, about 60 miles from
the lake, was Mulema in South Ankole, lat. 1° S., long. 31? E.,
where there was also a camp for about three months till the
middle of 1903. Barumba, where a few plants were collected, is
fifteen miles further west. The next colleeting-centre was the
district of the high hills of Ruehigga (lat. 1°-1° 10' S., long. 30°-
30° 15' E.) from 5500-7800 ft., which drains into the Congo.
With this exception, all the plants in the collection are from lands
which drain into the Nile. Two visits were paid to an isolated
hill, Irunga, alt. 7160 ft., which lies at the intersection of the
English, German, and Congo boundaries. The River Rufüa,
whieh drains Lake Karenge, and is in long. 30^ 6' E., and lat.
0° 55' S., and runs S.E. to join the Kagera River, was also
visited. The next important collecting-centre was the island of
Buvüma, opposite the exit of the Nile from the Victoria Nyanza,
where a stay of about three weeks was made. Buvuma is about
the size of the county of Rutland. It is hilly, the highest point
being 600 feet above the level of the lake ; about half the island
is thiekly wooded. The inhabitants differ considerably from
those of the mainland—their language is different and allied to
that of the Basoga. Sir Harry Johnston, who recently visited
the island, suggests that it may have been separated from the
mainland for a sufficient period to acquire or retain peculiar
forms of vegetation.

The earliest collection made in the Uganda Protectorate was

UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION. 117

that by Col. Grant, on the Speke and Grant Expedition of 1860 *
partly on the north-western shore of the Victoria Nyanza,
between what was then called the river Kitangule (now called
Kagera) and M'tesas. Other collectors who have visited this
region are Mr. G. F. Seott Elliot on his return from his expe-
dition to Mt. Ruwenzori, and Dr. Stuhlmann on the Emin Pasha
Expedition. Lieut. Stairs, on the Stanley Expedition in 1890,
and several others have also collected plants in Uganda.

In Sir Harry Johnston’s book on Uganda t, Mr. C. H. Wright,
A.L.S., has given a list of the plants known from the Protectorate.

Sir Harry Johnston recognises five Botanical Regions in the

Uganda Protectorate :—

(1) Somarı Reaion.—Includes the arid country in the basin of
Lake Rudolf and up the Rift Valley as far as the north
end of Lake Baringo.

(2) East ArnicAN Reaion.—A land of grass, Borassus, Hy-
plene, and wild Date Palms, &c. characteristic of the low-
lying parts of German, Portuguese, and British East Africa.

(3) CENTRAL AFRICAN Raarow.—This fertile region presupposes
an average altitude of 3500 ft. in the equatorial regions of
Uganda.

(4) West ArnrcaN Forest Recron. — Characteristic of the
countries near the shore of the Victoria Nyanza.

(5) Puareav or ArPrINE RkGroN.— Everywhere between 6500
and 10,000 ft., with a flora which alternately recalls the
trees and plants of temperate South Africa and temperate

Abyssinia.

The island of Buvüma comes under the West African Forest
Region, the higher portion of the Ruchigga district and the hill
Irunga reach the Alpine Region; but much of the country covered
by the Expedition is in the Central African Region.

As a whole, the entire country explored lies in the northern
part of the Central Lake Region, Engler's “ Seengebiet,” repre-
senting that portion of it which is included in the Nile Land
District of Oliver’s ‘ Flora of Tropical Africa.’

The collection comprises 480 species of Seed-plants, of which
67 are new to science, and includes 433 Dicotyledons, 46 Mono-

* Botany, by Prof. D. Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xxix. (1872-t).

t Sir Harry Johnston; The Uganda Protectorate, 1902.
x2

118 THE BOTANY OF THE ANGLO-GERMAN

cotyledons, and one Gymnosperm (Podocarpus milanjiana). Of
the Dicotyledons 199 belong to the Polypetale, 183 to the
Gamopetale, and 51 to the Apetalz, as recognised in Bentham
& Hooker’s ‘Genera Plantarum’ The Monocotyledons include
30 Orchids, and also members of other petaloid orders; no
sedges nor grasses were collected.

Taken as a whole, the plants show considera! le affinity with
the Floras of the West African Coast-region, especially Angola ;
about 20 per cent. comprising species hitherto known only from
those regions, or new species with a strong West African affinity.
Recent investigation has revealed the same state of things as far
eastward as Usambara*. Noteworthy examples of this among
the Polypetale are a new variety of Capparis Afzelit, a species
hitherto known only from Sierra Leone and the Cameroons; a
form of Polygala Gomesiana, an Angolan plant; Hugonia
platysepala (Upper and Lower Guinea); and Zanthorylon nitens,
Clausena anisata var. multijuga, and Illigera pentaphylla, all
three Angolan. Among the Gamopetale the following eight
species are worthy of mention as having hitherto been known
only from Upper Guinea :—Craterispermum brachynematum,
Clitandra cymulosa, Alafia grandis, A. Schumannii, A. landolph-
ioides, Baissea tenuiloba, Acanthopale decempedalis, Barleria
opaca. To the same category belong Peddiea lungiflora (Togo-
land), Claoxylon africanum and Habenaria Soyauaxii (Gaboon), a
new Polystachya (P. inconspicua) near the Fernando Po species
P. alpina, and a new species of Haemanthus (H. Radcliffer)
nearly allied to H. Lindeni from the Congo. The Angolan
affinity is exemplified by several orchids—Hulophia dichroma,
Habenaria foliosa, Disa ochrostachya, and a new species of
Mystacidium (M. ugandense).

Excluding widely distributed tropical species, the majority of
the plants represent an Eastern tropical African element, including
a number of Abyssinian types, a few species hitherto known only
from Mt. Kilimanjaro on the East (such as Tragia Volkensii), and
several from Mt. Ruwenzori on the West, such as the Composites
Crassocephalum ruwenzoriense and Senecio ruwenzoriensis, and
Liparis ruwenzoriensis, Pteroglossaspis ruwenzoriensis, Poly-
stachya nigrescens, and Disa erubescens, four orchids previously
collected by Mr. Scott Elliot. A more southern element is

* Engler, in Notizbl. k. Bot. Gart. Berlin, iii. 83.

UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION. ° 119

represented by a few Nyassa-land types, such as Eulophia
missionis, Lissochilus Nyase, and Senecio sabulicolus.

There is a slight South-African affinity, the most marked
examples of which are a new species of Pappea allied to
P. capensis, Pavetta assimilis, and Ohetacanthus Persoonii ; the
last two have not previously been found north of the Tropics.

ENUMERATION OF SPECIES.
DICOTYLEDONES POLYPETALA.
(By Epmunp G. BAKER.)

RaNUNCULACER,
Crematis SrUHLMANNI, Hieron. in Engler, Pflanzenwelt Ost-
Afr. C. 180.
lrunga. Fl. November, 381.
Distrib. Karagwe in the Central African Lake-Region.
C. ORIENTALIS, Linn. Sp. Pl. 543.
Fl. April, 202.
Native name * Munkamba." “ Flowers pinkish.”
Var. y. Tuuneerat, O. Kuntze, in Verh. Bot. Brand. xxvi.
(1885) 124.
Ruchigga. Fl. November, 439.
“ Trailing with white flowers."
Var. e. WIGHTIANA, O. Kuntze, l. c.
Hillside, Simba. Fl. February, 172. Hillside, Burumba.
Fl. July, 374.
Native name * Lumama." * Climber with white flowers.”
Distrib. C. orientalis is widely spread in Temperate Asia,
Northern India, &c.
THALICTRUM üHyNcHocanPUM, Dillon § A. Rich. in Ann. Se.
Nat. sér. II. xiv. (1840) 262.
Ruchigga. Fr. November, 456.
“ Erect plants 5 ft. high, with inconspicuous flowers.”
Distrib. Mountains of Tropical Africa ; also occurs south of
the Tropic, in Natal, &e.

RANUNCULUS MEMBRANACEUS, Fres. in Mus. Senckenb. ii. (1837)
270; R. pinnatus, Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. (1872)
tab. 2, non Poir.

River Rufüa, at edge of pool. "December, 534.
Distrib. Nile Land, Lower Guinea, Mozambique District ;
also in South Africa.

120 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

DILLENIACES.

TETRACERA ALNIFOLIA, Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 1243.

Island of Buváma, Victoria Nyanza. March, 602.

Distrib. Upper Guinea. The Welwitsch plant from Golungo
Alto, no. 1203, formerly referred to T. alnifolia, Willd.,
is regarded by Dr. Gilg as a distinct species, T. podotricha,
Gilg.

ANONACES.
Uvanra Wetwitsouit, Engler § Diels, Monogr. 18.—Oxymitra ?
Welwitschii, Hiern, in Welw. Cat. 10.

In gully above Mulema, Fl. April, 244; also Fr. April, 245.

Native name “ Mukamira.” “Shrub with greenish-yellow
flowers and yellow fruits. Fruit eaten. Wood used in
hut-building.”

The following is a description of the flowering specimen
which, although the type comes from a very different locality,
I have referred to this species. It has previously been collected
only in fruit :—

Frutex ramis demum glabris atropurpureo-corticatis ; foli-
orum petiolo brevi inerassato +2 mm. longo; lamina
subcoriacea, supra glabra, subtus preter costam glabra,
oblonga, apice obtusa, basi late cuneata vel rotundata,
9-12 em. longa, 3°5-4°5 em. lata; costa subtus prominente,
nervis lateralibus utrinque 10-14 adscendentibus subtus
subprominentibus; floribus solitariis sepissime terminali-
bus inter medioeres generis; sepalis late ovatis subacutis
11-13 mm. longis quam petala brevioribus; petalis
subzqualibus ovato-suborbicularibus extus fusco-tomen-
tellis, longioribus quam latis, + 14-16 mm. longis, 12-14
mm. latis; staminibus brevissimis, + 1 mm. longis, con-
nectivo obliquo ; carpellis extus fusco-tomentosis.

Distrib, Angola.

U. svkonENsrs, Engler, in Pflanzenwelt Ost- Afr. C. 178.
Island of Buvima, Fl. March, 639.
* Shrub with greenish flowers."
Distrib. Central African Lake-Region.

UVARIA 8p.
Island of Buvüáma. Fl. March, 642.
* Shrub with yellow flowers."
Further material is necessary of this species.

E. d. BAKER: DICOTYLEDONES POLYPETAL.E. 121

Folia oblonga vel ovato-oblonga glabra, 9-11 cm. longa,
8-4 em. lata, subeoriacea. Petiolus brevissimus 2-3 min.
longus. Calyx 12-13 mm. longus. Petala subæqualia
quam ea U. Kirkit, Oliver, angustiora, 20-22 mm. longa,
15-16 mm. lata.

ARTABOTRYS Sp.
Island of Buvüma. Fr. March, 662.
Climbing shrub in fruit only.
Perhaps allied to A. stenopetala, Engler, but flowers required
to confirm this. Leaves ovate, glaucous-green, smooth.

MENISPERMACE X.

TiwosPoRa TENERA, Miers, in Ann. y Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. ILI.
xiii. (1864) 322.
Island of Buvima. Fl. March, 658.
“ Herbaceous climber with greenish flowers. @ only."
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District; also in Mada-
gascar.
FuMARIACER.

FUMARIA OFFICINALIS, Linn. Sp. Pl. 700.
Ruchigga., Fl. November, 396.
Distrib. Europe, North Africa, North Asia.

CRUCIFERE.

DBnassircA WILLDENOVII, Boiss. in Ann. Sc. Nat. sér. IL. ii.
(1842) 88.
Near Mulema. Fl. June, 344.
Distrib. Asia, temp. and trop. Nile Land, Lower Guinea,
Mozambique District.

CAPPARIDACEE.

CLEOME MONOPHYLLA, Linn. Sp. Pl. 672.
Roadside, Mulema. Fl. June, 326.
Distrib. Widely spread in Tropical Africa; also at the
Cape.
C. mirta, Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 81.
Near River Rufüa. Fl. December, 515. l
Distrib. Lower Guinea, South Central, Mozambique
District.

122 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

MAERUA ANGOLENSIS, DC. Prod. i. 254.
Near Mulema. Fl. April, 210.
Native name * Mweogola." “Low tree with much con-
torted branches ; flowers greenish yellow."
Distrib. Upper Guinea, Nile Land, Lower Guinea.

M. TRIPHYLIA, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. i. 32, tab. 7.
Near Mulema. Fl. April, 217.
Native name “Moywante.” “Low shrub with white
flowers.”

Distrib. Nile Land.

CADABA FARINOSA, Forsk. FI. ZEgypt.-Arab. 68.
Near Kikobe ferry, River Kagera. Fl. March, 176.
Native name “ Kakubauga." “ Wood used to make cattle-
kraals. Shrub; flowers green.”
Distrib. Widely distributed in Tropical Africa.

Boscra sarrCiFoLIA, Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 93.
Hillside near Mulema. Fl. June, 341.
* Tree-like shrub with girth of 6 ft. and greenish flowers."
A form with generally 6 stamens.
Distrib. Nile Land, Lower Guinea, Mozambique District.

CAPPARIS spinosa, Linn. Sp. Pl. 503.
Near Mulema. Fl. April, 223.
Distrib. Spreading through the Mediterranean Region and
Eevrt it extends eastwards to Western India. Also
Nile Laud.

C. TOMENTOSA, Lam. Encyc. Méth. i. 606.
Hillside, Mulema. Fl. April & May, 225 & 281.
Native names * Mutatsi" and ** Mukoma.”
Distrib. Widely spread in Tropical Africa.

C. Rora, Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 97.
Near Mulema. Fl. March & April, 187 & 237.
Distrib. Nile Land.

C. ERYTHROCARPOS, Zsert, in Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berl. Schrift. ix.
(1789) 334, tab, 9.
Island of Buvima. Fl. March, 623.
Distrib. Upper Guinea, Nile Land, Lower Guinea.

C. ArzELII, Pax, var. nov. BUVUMENSIS. Arbor parva glabra,
foliis subcoriaceis, oblongis vel ovato-oblongis, breviter
petiolatis, stipulis tenuibus, minus acuminatis quam in

E. G. BAKER: DICOTYLEDONES POLYPETALA, 123

typo; floribus 1-3 ad apices ramulorum dispositis ;
bacca subglobosa, lateraliter apiculata, gracillime pedun-
culata.

Hab. Island of Buvúma, Victoria Nyanza. Fl. March 11th,
1904. 598.

* Low tree not exceeding 20 ft., with white flowers which
become purplish.”

Distrib. of type. Sierra Leone.

BIXINES.

Oncosa spinosa, Forsk. Fl. ZEyypt.- Arab. 103.
Mouth of Kagera River. Fl. & Fr. February, 150.
Distrib. Nile Land, Upper Guinea.

PrrTOsPOREX.

PrrrosPORUM ABYSSINICUM, Delile, in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. II.
xx. (1843) 49.
Ruchigga. Fl. & Fr. November, 416 & 452.
Distrib. Nile Land, Lower Guinea.

PoOLYGALE.

POLYGALA PERSICARLEFOLIA, DC. Prod. i. 326.
Coast of Victoria Nyanza, Uganda. FI. February, 570.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District.
The following is also closely allied to this species :—
Ruchigga. Fl. November, 459.

P. Votkensit, Gurke, in Engler, Pflanzenwelt Ost- Afr. C. 234.
Near River Rufáa. | Fl. December, 516.
“ Herb with flowers that appear white when fully open.”
Distrib. Central Atrican Lake-Region.

P. Gomesiana, Welw. ex Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 126; forma
nov. UGANDENSIs. Frutex 4-pedalis, foliis quam in typo
aliquid crassioribus, sepalorum margine solummodo
colorato, capsulis paullulum quam in typo longioribus,
+ 55 mm. longis, + 4 mm. latis, alis angustissimis,
+ 12 mm. longis, + 10 mm. latis; seminibus hirsutis.

Ruchigga, alt. 7000 ft. Fl. November, 397.

“Shrub with dark red flowers; usually grows amid
bracken.”

Distrib. of type. Lower Guinea.

124 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

Potyaata Fiscuert, Gürke, in Engler, Jahrb. xiv. (1891) 310 ;

forma.
Kagera Valley near Mulema. Fl. May, 275 & 291.
Native name “Ntanakorogondo.” ‘Herb with lilac-

eoloured or bluish flowers."
Distrib. East Tropical Africa.

SECURIDACA LONGEPEDUNCULATA, Fres. in Mus. Senckenb. ii.
(1837) 275.
On hillside, Mulema. Fl. April, 226.
Native name * Mweya.” “ Low tree used for posts and to
make charcoal. Flowers pink (sepals and petals).”
Distrib. Widely distributed in Tropical Africa.

CARPOLOBIA ALBA, G. Don, Gen. Syst. 1. 370.
Island of Buvima, Fl. March, 664.
Distrib. Upper Guinea, Lower Guinea.

CARYOPHYLLACEEX.

CERASTIUM AFRICANUM, Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 141.
Ruchigga, alt. 7000 ft. Fl. December, 470.
Distrib. Upper Guinea, Mozambique District.

DnyManrA corpata, Willd. ex Roem. § Schult. Syst. v. 406.

Ruchigga, alt. 7000 ft. Fl. December, 479.

Distrib. Upper and Lower Guinea, Nile Land; also in
Comoros, Madagascar, Tropical Asia, and Tropical
America.

PORTULACEE.

TaniNUM CUNEIFOLIUM, Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 864.
Near Mulema in Kagera Valley. Fl. May, 270.
Native name “ Mtainagerom.” “Stem chewed for tooth-
ache.”
Distrib. Widely spread in Tropical Africa.

HyPERICINEX.
HYPERICUM PEPLIDIFOLIUM, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. i. 95.

Ruchigga. Fl. November, 415.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District.

H. LaraNDrI, Choisy, in DC. Prod. i. 550.
Near mouth of Kagera. Fl. February, 551.
Distrib. Nile Land, Lower Guinea, Cape.

E. G. BAKER: DICOTYLEDONES POLYPETAL.E. 125

PsorosPERMUM FEBRIFUGUM, Spach, in Ann. Sc. Nat. sér. II. v.

(1836) 163.

Near Musozi. Fl. February, 166.

Native name * Kansironsiro."

Near Mulema. Fl. April, 257.

Native name “ Mkonya."

* Low shrub with white flowers and red resin."

Distrib. Upper Guinea, Lower Guinea, Mozambique
Distriet.

Haronea PANICULATA, Lodd. ex Steud. Nom. ed. II. i. 722.
Coast of Vietoria Nyanza, Uganda. Fl. March, 572.
“Shrub with white flowers and red sap."

Tree growing usually in damp soil, Musozi. Fl. & Fr.
December, 53.

Native name * Mulidida." ** Yields a red gum."

Distrib. Widely spread in Tropical Africa; also in Mada-
gascar and Mauritius.

MALVACEAE.

SIDA CARPINIFOLIA, Linn. fil. Suppl. 307.
Ruchigga. Fl. December, 438.
Distrib. Very widely distributed in Tropical and Sub-
tropical Regions.

ABUTILON INDICUM, Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. I. 54.
Near Mulema. Fl. April, 195.
Native name “ Mwema.”
Distrib. Widely distributed in the Tropics.

A, ZANZIBARICUM, Bojer, ex Masters, in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. 1.
186.
Near Mulema. Fl. May, 268.
* Shrubby. Flowers yellow with dark centre.”
Distrib. Upper Guinea, Lower Guinea, Mozambique
District.

PAVONIA MACROPRYLLA, E. Meyer, ev Harvey § Sonder, Fl. Cap.
i. 169.
Near Mulema. Fl. May, 319.
Native name * Akonyeshagum."
Distrib. Nile Land, South Central; also at the Cape.

126 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

KosTELETZKYA ADOENsIS, Masters, in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr.
1. 192.
Below Ruchigga, alt. 5000 ft. Fl. December, 492.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District.
HIBISCUS micrantuvs, Linn. f. Suppl. 308.
Mulema. Fl. April, 200.
Native name * Kazinga." “Low shrub 3 ft. Grows on
ant-hils. Red flower."
Distrib. Widely distributed in the Tropies.

H. aossyPrNus, Thunb. Prodr. Pl. Cap. 118.
Gully above Mulema. Fl. May, 311.
Native name “ Musinga.” “Stem used as a tooth-brush and
as handles for spears."
Distrib. Widely distributed in Tropical Africa.

H. zruroPrCus, Linn. Mant. ii. 258.
Hillside, Mulema. Fl. April, 228.
Native name “ Niakun."

Distrib, Nile Land, Cape.

H. piversirouivs, Jacq. Ic. Pl. Rar. t. 551.
Kitura Koki. Fl. August, 380. Lake Shore, Musozi. Fl.
February, 155.
Native name “ Kagei, “Rope made from the bast.”
Ruchigga. Fl. November, 441.
Distrib. Widely distributed in Tropieal Africa.

STERCULIACE E.

STERCULIA sp.
Island of Buvüina. Fr. March, 656.
Tree, flowers not obtained. Follicles woody, shortly stipi-
tate, covered externally with a close brown tomeitum,
shortly pointed.

Dompeya Masrznsrr, Hook. fil. in Bot. Mag. tab. 5639 (1867).

Near Kikobe Ferry, R. Kagera. Fl. March, 185.

Native name “ Nkarabu." “ Bark used to make rope. A
low shrub. Flowers white.”

The following appears to be a variety of this species differing
from type in the deeply lobed leaves and fewer flowers in
the inflorescence :—

Near Mulema. FI. May, 304.

E. G. BAKER: DICOTYLEDONES POLYPETAL.;. 187

Native name “ Makokwa.” ** Woody stems used in hut-
building. Shrubby, 10 ft. high.”

Distrib. Nile Land — Central African Lake-Region,
Mozambique District.

DowBEYA PEDUNCULATA, K. Schum. in Engl. Pflanzenwelt Ost-
Afr. C. 269.
Ruchigga. Fl. November, 451.
Shrub with pink flowers.
Distrib. Central African Lake-Region.

D. (S Eudombeya) BAGSHAWEI, sp. nov.

Frutex ramis validis lignosis brunneo-corticatis, lenticellosis
precipue sursum + brunneo-tomentosis; folis modice
petiolatis, petiolo manifeste rufo-tomentoso, latissime
suborbicularibus, 3- vel sub 5-lobatis, lobis rotundatis,
latioribus quam longis utrinque dense tomentosis subtus
pallidioribus margine irregulariter denticulatis palmatim
8-9 nerviis ; inflorescentia pedunculata furcata, pedunculo
ramulisque rufo-tomentosis ; floribus pro rata longiuseule
pedicellatis, bracteolis caducis, ovatis vel oblongo-ovatis,
subaeuminatis ; petalis valde obliquis inter mediocres
generis; staminibus 15 cum staminodiis 5 liguleformibus
alternantibus, stamine medio triadum brevissimo, stylis
cinereo- vel flavo-tomentosis, ovario pentamero, extus
tomentoso.

Hab. Irunga. Fl. November, 1903. 391.

* Flowers white with red centres.”

Folia 65-7 cm. longa, 11-12:5 em. lata. Pedunculi 5:0-
7:0 em. longi, multiflori. Petala 12-13 mm. longa.

Following K. Schumann (Sterculiacee Africans, p. 20) this
plant belongs to the first series in the Bect. Eudombeya, in
which the peduncle bears more than three flowers.

D. ($ Xeropetalum) RETICULATA, Masters, in Oliver, Fl. Trop.
Afr. i. 228.

Kagera Valley, near Mulema. Fl. April, 213.

Native name “ Numkde." “ Wood used for handles for
tools. A shrub resembling an almond-tree in blossom ;
masses of flower; few leaves; flowers white, with faint
pink tinge.”

Hillside, Mulema. Fl. April, 261.

Native name “ Mukde."

Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District.

128 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

WALTHERIA AMERICANA, Linn. Sp. Pl. 673.
Below Ruchigga. Fl. December, 497.
Distrib. Generally distributed throughout Tropical Africa.

TILIACEA.

QREWIA BICOLOR, Juss. in Ann. Mus. Par. iv. (1804) 90.
Mulema. Fl. April, 196.
Native name *Mukoma." * Wood used for sticks and
handles of tools."
Island of Buvima. Fl. March, 615.
Shrub with yellow flowers.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District.

G. SIMILIS, K. Schum. in Engler, Jahrb. xv. (1892) 118.

Near Mulema. Fl. April, 221.

Native name “ Mukoma." “Shafts for spears. Shrub with
blue flower.”

Kagera Valley, near Mulema. FI. May, 287.

Native name “ Mukomakazi." “ Posts used in hut-building.
Shrub with white flowers.”

No, 222 is probably a form of this species.

Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District.

G. MOLLIS, Juss. in Ann. Mus. iv. (1804) 91.
Island of Buvama. Fl. August, 610.
Shrub with pink corolla and white sepals.
Distrib. Upper Guinea, Nile Land.
TRIUMFETTA PILOSA, Roth, Nov. Sp. 223.
Lake shore, Musozi. Fl. & Fr. December, 13.
Native name * Binsambwe." “ Fibre used.”
Distrib. Nile Land, Lower Guinea. Also in South Africa,
India, &e.

T. RHOoMBOIDEA, Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 22.
Musozi. Fl. & Fr. December, 14.
Native name * Binsambwe."
Distrib. Widely distributed in the Tropics.
T. annua, Linn. Mant. i. 73.
Ruchigga. Fl. November, 429.
Distrib. Nile Land, Lower Guinea.

GLYPHHA GREWIOIDES, Hook. fil. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 760.
North of mouth of Bakora. Fl. & Fr. January, 136.

E. G. BAKER: DICOTYLEDONES POLYPETALA. 129

Native name * Muzira.” “A shrub from which walking-
sticks are cut.”
Distrib. Upper and Lower Guinea.

LINER.

HvaoNrA PLATYSEPALA, Welw. apud Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. i.
272.
Lake shore, near mouth of Kagera. Fl. February, 563.
“ Tree with yellow flowers."
A form with rather smaller flowers than type; outer sepals
curved outwards at the margins, inner shortly apiculate.
Distrib. Upper Guinea, Lower Guinea.

MALPIGHIACES.

FLABELLARIA PANICULATA, Cav. Diss. 436, t. 264.
Var. MOLLIS, Engler, Pflanzenwelt Ost- Afr. C. 232.
Musozi. Fl. & Fr. January, 83.
* A woody twiner. Fruit seen 40 ft. up."
Distrib. of variety. Central African Lake- Region.

G'ERANIACE X.

Monsonta BIFLORA, DC. Prod. i. 638.
Hillside, near Mulema. Fl. May, 292.
** Prostrate herb with whitish-blue flowers."
Distrib. Nile Land, Lower Guinea; also Cape.

GERANIUM SIMENSE, Hochst. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. i. 116.]
Ruchigga, alt. 7000-8000 ft. Fl. December, 469, 472, 528.
“ Herb with blue or pink flowers."
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District.

OXALIS CORNICULATA, Linn.; var. STRICTA, Oliver, FI. Trop. Afr.
i. 297.
Kagera Valley, near Mulema. Fl. May, 297.
Near River Rufüa. Fl. December, 512.
Distrib. A weed of cultivation in nearly all warm countries.

IMPATIENS BAGSHAWET, sp. nov.

Caulis erectus herbaeeus subsimplex vel sparse ramosus,
internodiis inferioribus quam foliis 2-3-plo longioribus,
superioribus brevioribus, ad nodos s:epe tentaeulis glandu-
losis instructis ; foliis breviuscule petiolatis, oppositis,

130

BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

lanceolatis vel ovato-laneeolatis, sepissime 3-4-plo longi-
oribus quam latis, ad apieem attenuatis, basi rotundatis
vel leviter subcordatis, discoloribus, costa subtus distincta
supra haud conspicua, pennatinerviis, nerviis lateralibus
subtus prominulis erecto-patulis arcuatis, margine serratis;
pedunculis strietis erectis vel erecto-patulis, tenuibus,
glabris, quam folia brevioribus, paucifloris, axillaribus ;
floribus parviuseulis, graciliter pedicellatis ; sepalis later-
alibus oblongo-ovatis obtusis quam petala brevioribus,
labello infundibuliformi in calear incurvatum et applan-
atum apiee acutum abrupte exeunte, calearibus quam
flores longioribus; fructibus brevibus, inflatis, apice acutis
inequiateralibus, lineis paucis longitudinaliter notatis,
glabris.

Hab. Near mouth of Kagera River. * Herb in swamps

with pink flowers." Fl. & Fr. Feb. 1904. 552.

Caulis usque ad fere 70 em. alt., internodiis inferioribus
,

5:0-9:0 em. longis, superioribus 3:0-4'0 cm. longis. Folia
3:0—5:0 em. longa, 1:0-1:2 em. lata. Petiolus brevis 2:0—
3:0 mm. longus.

This plant would fall in Series A of Dr. Warburg's Balsa-
minacem Africans (Engler, Bot. Jahrb. xxii. 46) in the section
of this series in which the inflorescence is more than 1-flowered.

RuTACEX.

TODDALIA NOBILIS, Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 306.

Hillside, Mulema. FI. April, 250.
Native name “ Muzo.” ‘Spears and walking-stieks made

of this. A spreading shrub with yellow flowers and dotted

leaves."

Musozi. Fl. January, 110. Native name * Nzo." “Tree-

mallets made for hammering bark cloth."

Distrib. Nile Land. Mozambique District.
The following is probably another species of Toddalia, but

fruit is required for determination :—

Ruchigga. Fl. November, 428. Island of Buvüma. Fl.

March, 621.

* Shrub with dotted leaves and yellow greenish flowers.”

ZANTHOXYLON NITENS, Hiern, in Welw. Cat. 1. 112.

Island of Buvúma. Fr. March, 653.

E. G. BAKER: DICOTYLEDONES POLYPETAL:. 131

“Thorny shrub with greenish-white flowers.”
Only 9 collected.
Distrib. Angola.

CLAUSENA ANISATA, Hook. fil. in Niger Fl. 256.
Hillside, Mulema. Fl. June, 355.
“ Shrub with inconspicuous flowers and dotted leaves.’
Distrib. of type. Nile Land, Mozambique District.
Var. MurLTIJUGA, Welw. ex Hiern. in Welw. Cat, i. 116.
Irunga. Fl. November, 390.
“Shrub with whitish flowers and dotted leaves.”
Distrib. Angola.

>

SIMARUBE EF.

HARRISONIA ABYSSINICA, Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 311.
Kagera Valley, near Mulema. Fl. May, 296.
Native name * Ente erungu.” “ Low shrub with greenish
flowers.”
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique district.

OcHNACES.
OCHNA sp.
In forest at edge of swamp near Kanabulem. Fr.
February, 170.
Native name “ Mowa.” “Used for posts in building. A
shrub, flowers not seen."

BunsERACEX.

COMMIPHORA AFRICANA, Engler, in DC. Mon. Phan. iv. 14.
Kagera Valley, near Mulema. Fl. April, 214.
Native name ** Mesesi." ‘* Wood used for handles for tools.
Low shrub. Flowers red."
Distrib. Nile Land.

Canarium Scuwermrurtait, Engler, in. DC. Mon. Phan. iv.
145.
Musozi. Fl. January, 111.
Native name * Mpafu." “Large tree with great spread of
branches. Flower green. Fruit a drupe.”
Distrib. Nile Land. Upper and Lower Guinea.
LINN. JOURN. — BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII. L

132 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION,

MELIACE X.

TvRnzA VoaErm, Hook. fil. in Niger Fl. 258.

Lake shore, Musozi. Fl. January, 75.

Native name * Makansi." ‘ Used for posts and sticks. A
low thin shrub; flowers white with white staminal tube;
seeds black.”

Distrib. Upper and Lower Guinea.

EKEBERGIA P COMPLANATA, Sp. nov.

Arbor ramulis fusco-pubescentibus; foliis longiuscule petio-
latis, apice ramulorum dispositis, 6-7-jugis, foliolis oppo-
sitis, brevissime petiolulatis, obovato-oblongis vel oblongis,
basi euneatis, apice acute euspidatis, utrinque + pubes-
centibus, subtus pallidioribus, nervis secundariis sub-
patulis adscendentibus ; paniculis quam folia multoties
brevioribus, pedunculatis, puberulis ; ealyee subeampanu-
lato, subobtuse 5-dentato, extus puberulo; petalis 5,
ovatis, extus pubescentibus; staminibus in tubum petalis
paullo breviorem coalitis; antheris 10 in margine tubi
sessilibus glabris ellipticis, disco brevi glabro annulari;
ovario 4—5-loculari, stylo glabro ovario equilongo,
stigmate crasso, obconico 4-5-lobulato.

Hab. Island of Buvüma, Victoria Nyanza. Fl. March
1904. 600.

“ Tree with white flowers.”

Folia 22-32 em. longa. Foliola 5:5-7:5 em. longa, 22-2-7
cm. lata, nervo medio supra impresso. Pedunculus 13-
17 em. longus, inferne complanatus. Petala + 4 mm.
longa, 2 mm. lata.

Differs from Æ. senegalensis, A. Juss., by the leaflets being in
6-7 pairs aud more or less pubescent above and below. Fruit is
required.

E. SENEGALENSIS, Á. Juss. var. cortacea, C. DC.; floribus,
5-meris ; calycis dentibus acutis; petalis 5, ovatis,
pubescentibus, © 3:5 mm. longis; tubo urceolato tomen-
toso, + 2 mm. longo; antheris 10, ovario glabro 5-loculari ;
stylo glabro, stigmate capitato.

Hab. Kitara. In flower, August 9th, 1903. 378.
I have made the above notes, as this variety was described
from fruiting specimens.

E. G. BAKER: DICOTYLEDONES POLYPETALJ. 133

EkEBERGIA PETITIANA, A. Rich., var. nov. AUSTRALIS; arbor

cortice nigrescente, foliis imparipinnatis, foliolis s:epissime
7-9 lanceolatis, basi valde inequilateris, glabris subtus haud
glaueis ; racemis folio multoties brevioribus ; floribus
4- vel 5-meris, ealycis dentibus semiovalibus ; petalis
oblongis obtusis; ovario 2-loculari.

Hab. Ruchigga. In flower December 1903. 466.

* Tree with white flowers."

Distrib. of the type. Abyssinia.

TRICHILIA EMETICA, Vahl, Symb. i. 31.
Coast of Victoria Nyanza. Fl. March, 576.
“Tree with pale yellow flowers.”
Distrib. Widely distributed in Tropical Africa.

CHAILLETIACER.

DICHAPETALUM BUVUMENSE, sp. nov.

Frutex cortice brunneo-lutescente, ramulis novellis puberulis,
foliis chartaceis, adultis utrinque glabris, oblongis vel
anguste obovato-oblongis, apice acutis, costa superne
impressa, nervis lateralibus utrinque 7-8 arcuatim
adscendentibus, prope marginem arcuatim connectis,
venis reticulatis ; petiolis brevibus, cinereo-pubescentibus ;
peduneulis subnullis eymas congestas ferentibus; sepalis
oblongo-lanceolatis, pubescentibus, apice obtusis; petalis
quam sepala liplo longioribus, longe cuneiformibus
usque ad medium bilobis, lobis lineari-oblongis ; stamini-
bus quam petala longioribus, ovario ovoideo in stylum
superne tenuem filiformem petala superantem contracto,
stigmate breviter trifido.

Hab. Island of Buvüma, Victoria Nyauza. March 1904.
595.

Folia 9:0-12:0 em. longa, 3°8-5*2 lata. Petiolus 2-3 mm.
longus. Sepala +3 mm. louga. Petala angusta, 4°5 mm.
longa. Stamina + 6 mm. longa. Stylus + 6:5 mm.
longus.

Species D. acutifolia, Engler, affinis, differt pedunculis
brevioribus, foliis longioribus, &c.

No. 650, also from the Island of Buvüma, may belong to this
genus, but there are no flowers.
Dr. Bagshawe notes that the eut surface of the branches give
out a smell as of sulphuretted hydrogen.
L2

134 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

OLACINER.

XIMENIA AMERICANA, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1193.
Island of Buvima. Fl. & Fr. March, 666.
* Shrub with dark red flowers and bright red fruits.”
Distrib. Widely distributed in Tropical Africa, also in
Tropical America.

LEPTAULUS DAPHNOIDES, Benth. in. Benth. & Hook. fil. Gen. Pl.
i. 351.
Island of Buvüma. FJ. March, 637.
* Shrub with white flowers.”
Distrib. Upper Guinea.

APODYTES BENINENSE, Hook. fil. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 778.
Mouth of Kagera. Fl. February, 161. Coast of Victoria
Nyanza, Uganda, 582.
Native name * Kafumbo.” ‘A liane; from the bark are
made lines for fishing. Flowers white.”
Distrib. Upper Guinea and Lower Guinea.

CELASTRACEE.

GYMNOSPORIA SENEGALENSIS, Loes.
Var. INERMIS, Rich., forma cortacea, Loes. in Engler, Jahrb.
xvii. (1893) 541.
Near Mulema. Fl. April, 211.
“ Shrub with white flowers."

Var. INERMIS, forma MACROCARPA, Loes. l. c. 542.
Near Mulema. Fl. April, 256.
Native name * Munyaburuk." “ Handles made for hatchets.
Shrub with white flowers.”

Var. spinosa, Engler, Jahrb. xvii. (1893) 542.
In gully near Mulema. Fl. May, 293.
Native name * Omwah." “Spoons made from the wood.
Shrub with white flowers."
Distrib. Widely distributed in Tropieal Africa; Mediter-
ranean Region and eastward to India.

G. FASCICULATA, Loes. in Engler, Jahrb, xix. (1893) 232.
Lake shore, Musozi. Fl. February, 162.
Native name * Mpoko." * Walking-sticks cut. A large
shrub; flowers greenish."

E. G. BAKER: DICOTYLEDONES POLYPETALX. 135

Near Mulema. Fl. May, 263.
Distrib. Mozambique District. Also in the Comoro Islands.

ErxopENDRON ÆTHIOPICUM, Oliver, in Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 365.
Irunga. Fl. November, 385.
* Trees with greenish flower."
Distrib. Lower Guinea; Mozambique District.

RHAMNEE.

ScUTIA INDICA, Brongn., var. OBLONGIFOLIA, Engler, in Jahrb.
xix. (1901) Beibl. no. 47. 37.
Near Mulema. May, 303.
Native name “ Mugusha.” “Shrub. Fruit eaten."
Distrib. Kilimanjaro District.
HEriNUS MYsTACINUS, E. Meyer, ex Steud. Nom. ed. IL. 1. 742.
Ruehigga. Fl. November, 453.
* Climbing shrub with greenish-white flowers."
Gorge near Mulema. Fl. April, 262.
Native name * Muvimba." “Given to cows to produce
milk."
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District.

AMPELIDEX,

Cissus arauta, Hook. fil. in Niger Fl. 261.
Musozi. December, 65.
Distrib. Upper Guiuea.
C. QUADRANGULARIS, Linn. Mant. i. 39.
Near Mulema. Fl. April, 193.
Native name * Kagenzanda." “Climber; flowers reddish.”
Distrib. Widely distributed in Tropical Africa. Also
Arabia, Comoro Is., Madagascar, &e.
C. ADENOCAULIS, Steud. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. i. 111.
Near Mulema. May, 308.
Native name * Kibombo." “A climber: the fleshy root is
used as an aperient.”
Distrib, Nile Land, Mozambique District.

There are also two other species of Cissus insufficiently repre-
sented in the collection,—No. 151 gathered on the Lake shore,
Musozi, Native name “ Kikasakasa’’; and No. 307 from near
Mulema, Native name “ Kibombo.”

136 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

Lera avINEENSIS, G. Don, Gen. Syst. i. 712.
Island of Buvüma. Fl. March, 612.
Distrib. Tropical Africa and Islands.

SAPINDACEX.

CARDIOSPERMUM GRANDIFLORUM, Swartz, var. ELEGANS, Hiern,
in Welw. Cat. Part i. 166.
Island of Buvima. Fl. March, 618.
“ Liane with pinkish-white flowers."
Distrib. Lower Guinea.

PAULLINIA PINNATA, Linn. Sp. Pl. 366.
Musozi. Fl. January, 115.
Native name * Kabugu." ** Climber used to make baskets.”
Hillside, Musozi. Fr. January, 118.
Distrib. Widely distributed in Tropical Africa; also in
Madagascar and Tropical America.

ALLOPHYLLUS AFRICANUS, Beauv. Fl. Owar. ii. 54, t. 107.
Lake shore, Musozi. Fl. January, 77.
Distrib. Upper Guinea.

A. SUBCORIACEUS, sp. nov.

Frutex foliis parviusculis, breviuscule petiolatis, petiolo
demum glabro, foliolis lateralibus quam terminalibus
paullo brevioribus, subcoriaceis, oblongis, basin versus
angustatis, omnibus subsessilibus, margine integris vel
hine inde serratis, utrinque glabris, nervis venisque
utrinque subtus prominentibus ; inflorescentia nune
simplice pseudo-racemosa, nune ramos utrinque emittente
sepissime folium subduplo superante; floribus generis,
albis parvulis, in cymulas approximatas dispositis, rhachi
pedieellisque pilosulis.

Hab. Near Mulema. Fl. May 1903. 264.

Native name * Mtete.” “Sticks rubbed together and used to
produce fire. A spreading shrub with white flowers."

Foliola 3:5—-5:5 em. longa, l:5-2:1 em. lata. Petiolus com-
munis, 8-13 mm. longus.

Not closely allied to any species of which I have seen speci-
mens. Noticeable on account of the rather small, subcoriaceous
leaflets and small numerous flowers in few-flowered cymules.

E. G. BAKER: DICOTYLEDONES POLYPETAL.. 137

ALLOPHYLLUS LATEFOLIOLATUS, Sp. nov.

Frutex ramulis pubescentibus, foliis mediocriter petiolatis,
petiolo pubescente, foliolis late ovatis, lateralibus oblique
oblongo-ovatis, intermedio basin rotundato vel latissime
euneato, apice acuminato, lateralibus basi oblique subeor-
datis vel rotundatis, circiter 12 plo longioribus quam latis,
ommibus papyraceis, margine grosse serratis, utrinque
glabratis, nervis pilosulis, nervis venisque utrinque sub-
equaliter prominentibus ; inflorescentia pseudo-racemosa,
paullo folium superante ; floribus generis, brevipedicellatis
in eymulas inferne remotas dispositis, rhachi pedicellis
calycibusque pilosiusculis.

Species A. Welwitschii, Gilg, affinis, sed floribus majoribus.

Hab. Lake shore, Musozi. February 4th, 1903. 153.

Native name “ Kakoto." “Shrub, fish-baskets made.
Flowers white.”

Foliola 6:0-10*0 em. longa, 4-6°5 em. lata. Petiolus com-
munis, 2:5—4*0 cm. longus.

A, PSEUDO-PANICULATUS, Sp. nov.

Frutex foliis mediocriter petiolatis, petiolo patenti rufo-
hirsuto, trifoliolatis, foliolis oblongis vel oblongo-obovatis,
intermedio basin versus sensim longe euneato-angustato
apiee aeuminato, lateralibus quam terminalibus paullo
brevioribus, basi oblique subrotundatis, omnibus papy-
raceis, precipue in parte superiore argute serratis, utrinque
+ pilosulis, nervis venisque subtus prominentibus ;
inflorescentia eopiose ramosa pseudo-panieulata folium
superante; floribus generis, numerosis in eyinulas dispositis,
rhachi rufo-tomentosa, pedicellis calycibusque glabris.

Hab. Hill near R. Rufáa. Jannary 1904. 544.

* Shrub with white flowers only. & only.

“Minute petals covered with white hairs; disc orange-red,
4-lobed."

Foliola 6:0-9-0 em. longa, 3:0-3:8 em. lata. Petiolus com-
munis, 4/0—5:0 em. longus.

Differs from A. stachyanthus, Gilg, especially in the apex ot
the leaflets.
DEINBOLLIA FULVO-TOMENTELLA, Sp. NOV.

Arbor 10-pedalis, foliis magnis eire. 7-jugis, foliolis amplis

oppositis vel suboppositis coriaceis, petiolulo erasso brevi

188

BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

tenuiter puberulo, oblongis, penninerviis, nerviis lateralibus
utrinque sepissime 11-13, prope marginem arcuatis et
inter se conjunctis, supra impressis, fere glabris, subtus
reticulatis et pubescentibus ad apicem attenuatis apice
ipso obtusis, basi rotundatis, panicule ramulis precipue
inferne + elongatis, tenuiter fulvo-tomentellis ; floribus
masculis albis; sepalis concavis imbricatis, dorso rufo-
pubescentibus margine subseariosis ; petalis unguiculatis,
ovatis + albo-hirtis, ad basin squamula magna tomentosa
instructis; staminibus circa 18-20, petalis subsequilongis,
filamentis pubescentibus, diseo manifeste conspicuo.

Species D. insigni, Hook. fil., valde affinis.
Hab. Island of Wema, Victoria Nyanza. Fl. March 1904,

d onlv. 592.

Folia 50-60 em. longa. — Folicla 16-245 em. longa, 7-9 cm.

lata. Sepala 4-5 mm. longa. Petala + 6 mm. longa +
4mm, lata. Filamenta + 5 mm. longa.

PAPPEA UGANDENSIS, sp. nov.

Frutex ramis vetustioribus nigrescenti-corticatis, foliis
m ,

apicem ramulorum versus confertis, oblongis, apice obtusis,
basi rotundatis, nervis lateralibus utrinque 10-17 subtus
prominentibus, modice petiolatis, junioribus utrinque
brevissime tomentosis, adultioribus supra demum gla-
bratis; inflorescentia axillari, spleato-racemosa; calyce
cupulari 5-lobato, in flore 3 staminibus 8, exsertis, ovario
rudimentario, in flore 9 ovario 2-lobo, 3-loculari hirsuto,
disco annulari hy pogyno, stylo brevi crasso erecto superne
longitudinaliter tristigmatoso.

Species P.capensi, Ecklon & Zeyher, affinis, differt floribus

brevissime pedicellatis, racemis foemincis quam racemis
masculis longioribus, filamentis longioribus.

Hab. Hillside, Mulema. Fl. June 1903. 369.
“Shrub with inconspicuous flowers.”
Folia 5:0-10 em. longa, 2°3-4°5 em. lata. — Petiolus 6-10 mm.

longus. Fl. d filamentis + 1:5 ium. longis sparse pilo-
sulis. Fl. 9 stylus + 1:5 mm. longus,

DODONÆA viscosa, Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 19.

Below Ruchigga, alt. 5,600 ft. FI. December, 521.
Distrib. Widely distributed in the Tropics.

E. G. BAKER: DICOTYLEDONES POLYPETALX. 139

Bersama Horsti, Giirke, in Engler, Jahrb. xix. (1894) Beibl.
n. 47. 36.
Hab. Kitara, Koki. August, 379.
* Tree with white flowers.”
A. plant with unopened flowers, presumably identical with
the type which was collected by Holst in Usambara.

B. rAULLINIOIDES, Baker, in Oliver, FI. Trop. Afr. 1. 435.
Ruchigga. Fl. November, 398.
* Free with white flowers."
Distrib. Upper and Lower Guinea.

ANACARDIACE.E.
ANAPHRENIUM PULCHERRIMUM, Schweinf. Fl. Æthiop. Beitr. i. 32.
Mulema. Fl. May, 306.
Native name * Mukerenge." “Tree with white flowers and
white latex."
Distrib. Nile Land.
Rus vitrosa, Linn., var. TOMENTOSA, Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. i.
439.
Hillside, Musozi. Fl. January, 123.
Native name “ Kakansu."
Another form of this species was collected at Musozi. Fl.
December, 50.
Native name * Msese.” “Small branches used as a tooth
stick."
Distrib. Widely spread in Tropical Africa.
R. arAucEsCENS, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. i. 143.
Near Mulema, Fl. May, 192.
Native name * Msese." * An infusion of the leaves is taken
for pain iu the abdomen. Shrub with green flowers.”
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District.
There is another species of Rhus in the collection from
lrunga, 384, of which only 9 fs. were obtained.

PSEUDOSPONDIAS microcarpa, Engler, in DC. Mon. Phan. iv.
258.
Mouth of Kagera. Fr. December, 71. Lake shore,
Musozi. Fl. February, 163.
Native name * Nkoba." “Planks eut for canoes. Tree,
flowers white. Wood contains resin."
Distrib. Upper and Lower Guinea.

140 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

LANNEA RUFESCENS, Engler, Jahrb. xxiv. 495.

Arbor ramulis floriferis dense rufescenti-tomentosis quam
folia brevioribus ; pedicellis brevissimis; calycis segmentis
ovatis; petalis oblongo-ovatis, calyce triplo longioribus;
staminum filamentis petala brevioribus (in floribus mas-
culis); ovario rudimentario stylis coronato.

Hab. In gorge near Mulema. June 19083. 267. “Tree
with reddish-green flowers, which come out before the
leaves."

Inflorescentia 5-12°5 em. longa. Petala + 3 mm. longa.
Anthere 1:25 mm. longe.

A deseription of the flowers is given, as Engler's specimens
were sterile.
L. STUHLMANNI, Engler, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 214.

Kagera Valley, near Mulema. Fl. May, 286.

Native name “ Mserot." ‘* Wood used for posts in hut-
building. Shrub with yellow flowers."

Distrib. Mozambique District.

L. rutva, Engler, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 213.

Near Mulema. Fl. June, 347 & 354.

* Shrub with greenish or whitish flowers."

Distrib. Victoria Nyanza.

CONNARACER.
AGELHA NITIDA, Solander, ev Planchon, in Linnea, xxii. (1850)
437.
Island of Buvüma. Fl. March, 609.
Distrib. Upper Guinea.
A species of Connarus was obtained near the mouth of the
River Kagera, 158, but without flowers.

LEGUMLNOS&.
CROTALARIA ADENOCARPOIDES, Jaubert, in Engler, Pflanzenwelt
Ost- Afr. C. 206?
Hab. Ruchigga. November, 404.
* Shrubby plant; flowers brown and yellow."
Differs from the type in having a short raceme. Closely
allied also to C. argyrolobioides, Baker, from the Nyika
Plateau.

C. IMPERIALIS, Taubert, in Engler, Pflanzenwelt Ost- Afr. C. 206.
Hillside, Musozi. F!. & Fr. December, 46.

E. G. BAKER: DICOTYLEDONES POLYPETALE. 141

Native name * Ksamba Ndega." “Shrub with flowers
greenish-yellow."
Distrib. Central African Lake-Region.

CROTALARIA CEPHALOTES, Steud. ev A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss.i. 156.
Near Mulema. April, 206.
Distrib. Upper and Lower Guinea, Nile Land.

C. LANCEOLATA, E. Meyer, Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. 24.
Ruchigga, 7000 feet. Fl. November, 421.
“ Erect plant, 8 ft. high, with yellow flowers."
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District.

The following is another species of

CROTALARIA, but without pods.
Hillside, Mulema. Fl. April, 234.
Native name * Munyakishak." ‘“Tubers eaten. Flowers
yellow streaked with brown."
Hillside, Mulema. Fl. April, 253.
Native name * Katarugum." ‘ Root eaten for toothache.
Herb with yellow flowers striped with brown."

ApENOCARPUS Manntt, Hook. fil. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. vii.
(1864) 189.
Ruchigga. Fl. November, 424. “Shrub with conspicuous
yellow flowers.”
Distrib. Upper Guinea.

TRIFOLIUM PoLYsTACHYUM, Fresen. in Flora, xxii. (1839) 50.
River Rufüa, alt, 4400 ft. Fl. December, 536.
Herb in marshy ground with pink flowers.
Distrib. Nile Land, Lower Guinea, Mozambique District.

T. suBROTUNDUM, Hochst. et Steud. in Flora, xxiv. (1841) i.
Intell. 325 A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. i. 172.

River Rufüa. F]. December, 508.

* Herb with pink flowers in 6 in. water."

The following are also allied to this species:—

On a hill near Rufüa. Fl. January, 550. With calyx-tube
+ 3mm.long, teeth 5 mm. Standard oblanceolate, 7-8
mm. long.

Ruchigga, alt. 7000 feet. Fl. November, 413. Herb with
red flowers with 10-ribbed calyx and linear setaceous
teeth.

Distrib. Nile Land, Upper and Lower Guinea.

142 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY CCMMISSION.

INDIGOFERA (§ Acanthonotus) DREPANOCARPA, ZTaubert, in Engl.
Pflanzenwelt Ost- Afr. C. 209.
Lake shore, Musozi. Fl. & Fr. December, 18.
* Shrubby, prostrate; flowers red."
Distrib. Central African Lake-Region.

InpigoFERx (§ Tinctorim) sp.

I. macrophylla, Schum. & Thonn., affinis, differt ambitu
foliolorum, vexillo juvenili extus fulvo-tomentello, foliolis
sepissime 11-13 etc., et ab T. emarginella, Steud., differt
racemis longioribus etc.

Hab. Ruchigga. Fl. November 1908. 443.

* Shrub with dark orange flowers."

InpIGoFERA BaAGSHAWET, sp. nov.

Frutex erectus ramosus. Rami virgati erecti vel suberecti
sursum + albo-strigosi deorsum glabri, foliis in siccitate
nigrescenti-cinereis imparipinnatis szepissime 3-jugis cum
impari, rarissime 2-1-jugis cum impari, foliolis oblanceo-
latis 3-4plo longioribus quam latis utrinque + albo-
strigosis, costa superne impressa subtus conspicua, apice
acutis petiolulis brevissimis foliolis lateralibus oppositis ;
racemis nune quam foliis brevoribus nune paullo longiori-
bus, pedunculis tenuibus albo-strigosis laxiuseule pauci-
floris, pedicellis tenuibus brevibus s:pissime quam calyce
brevioribus, calyce extus albo-strigoso, calycis lobis anguste
lanceolatis acutis tubo subeequilongis, floribus rubris (ex
collect.) in speciminibus mihi obviis delapsis, legumine
juvenili cinereo recto etoruloso lateraliter subcompresso
extus albo-strigoso paucispermo stigmate coronato.

I. heterocarpe, Welw., affinis.

Hab. Musozi. Shrabby plant. Sand by Lake. Flowers
red. Fl. December, 11.

Folia 1:0-I:3 em. longa. Foliola 8-11 mm. longa, 2-3 mm.
lata. Pedunculi 1:0-2:0 em. longi, pedicelli sepe vix 1 mm.
longi. Calycis tubus +15 mm. longi. Legumen juvenile
3-6 mm. longum.

The difference between this and J. heterocarpa is very marked
in the dried state, the former being silvery-black, the latter
remaining green; the former also branches some distance from
the base, the latter from the base.

E. G. BAKER: DICOTYLEDONES POLYPETALE. 143

INDIGOFERA HIRSUTA, Linn., var. POLYSTACHYA, Welw. ex Baker,
in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 89.
Ruchigga, alt. 7200 ft. Fl. December, 523.
Shrub with dark red flowers.
Distrib, Angola.

Teparosta Voorrit, Hook. fil. in Niger Flora, 296.
Hillside, Musozi. Fl. & Fr. December, 41.
Distrib. Upper and Lower Guinea, Nile Land, and Mozam-
bique Distriet.

T. Nxasz, Baker fil, in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. IT. Bot. iv.
(1895) 9.
Irunga. Fl. November, 389. Ruchigga, alt. 6000-7000 ft.
Fl. November, 426.
“Shrub with bluish flowers.”
Distrib. Nyasa-land.

T. PANICULATA, Welw. ex Baker, in Oliver, FI. Trop. Afr. ii.
122.
Mouth of Kagera. Fl. December, 26. Ruchigga. Fl.
November, 442.
“Shrub with orange-coloured flowers.”
Distrib. Angola.

SESBANIA EGYPTIACA, Poir. Encycl. Méth. vii. 128.
Below Ruchigga, alt. 6000 ft. Fl. December, 491.
" Trees with yellow flowers and dusky standards."
Distrib. Upper Guinea, Nile Land.
Extends through Tropieal Asia to North Australia.

S. ACULEATA, Poir. Encycl. Méth. vii. 198.
Near Mulema. Fl. May, 294.
Native name * Munyezenyege." * Yellow flowers."
Distrib. Upper Guinea, Mozambique District; also Natal
and through Tropical Asia to Australia.

DIPHACA tricnocarpa, Taubert, in Engler, Pflanzenwelt Ost-
Afr. C. 213.
Near River Kagera, Mulema. Fl. April, 198.
Native name * Muwendobisa.” ^ * Kraals for cattle are
made of this."
Distrib. Central African Lake-Region.

144 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

ÆSCHYNOMENE SCHIMPERI, Hochst. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss.
i. 202.
Mouth of Kagera. Fl. & Fr. December, 24.
Distrib. Nile Land.

Æ. invica, Linn. Sp. Pl. 713.
In swamp, River Rufta. Fl. December, 507.
Distrib. Widely spread m Tropical Africa.
Smirnta Korscuyt, Benth. in Mig. Pl. Jungh. 211.
Musozi. Fl. February, 149. Ruchigga. Fl. November,
403.
“ Shrub with glandular hairs and yellow flowers."
Distrib. Nile Land.
S. ÆSCHYNOMENOIDES, Welw. ex Baker, in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr.
ii. 153.
Ruchigga. Fl. November, 395.
“Shrub with white flowers with faint blue stripes."
Distrib. Angola.
ZORNIA DIPHYLLA, Pers. Syn. ii. 318.
Hillside, Mulema. Fl. April, 236. Near River Rufüa.
Fl. December, 505.
Distrib. Widely distributed in the Tropics.

Drsmopium Scarrr, DC. Prod. ii. 834.
Ruchigga. Fl. December, 478.
Distrib. Widely distributed in Tropical Africa. Also
Natal, Masearene Islands, East Indies, and Malaya.
Pycrospora HEDYSARIOIDES, R. Br. ex Wight & Arn. Prod.
197.
Hillside, Mulema. Fl. April, 233.
Native name “ Kazuganji." “Used for cough."
Distrib. Widely spread in Tropical Asia. Australia.

Pseuparturta Hooxkznr, Wight 4 Arn. Prod. Fl. Ind. 209.
Musozi. Fl. & Fr. February, 148.
Distrib. Nile Land, Lower Guinea, Mozambique District ;
also Natal.
Vicia sativa, Linn., var. ABYSSINICA, Baker, in Oliver, Fl.
Trop. Afr. i. 172.
Ruchigga, alt. 7500 ft. Fl. December, 471.
“ Herb with bluish-pink flowers.”
Distrib. Nile Land.

E. G. BAKER: DICOTYLEDONES POLYPETAL.E. 145

ABRUS PRECATORIUS, Linn. Syst. ed. XII. 479.
Hillside, Mulema. Fl. June, 370.
Distrib. Widely distributed throughout the Tropies.

A. PULCHELLUS, Wall. ex Thw. Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 91.
Island of Buvüma. Fr. March, 652.
Distrib. Nile Land, Upper Guinea, Central African Lake-
Region. Also in Tropical Asia.

ERYTHRINA TOMENTOSA, R. Br. in Salt, Abyss. App. 62.
Ruchigga, alt. 7200 ft. Fl. December, 531.
“ Tree 25 ft., with scarlet flowers."
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District.

E. BAasuaWET, sp. nov.

Arbor vel frutex, ramis cinereo- vel albido-corticatis, spinis
brevibus nigrescentibus; foliolis 3 ovato-lanceolatis vel
suborbicularibus, basi rotundatis, apice acutis, margine
integris haud lobatis, nervis lateralibus erecto-patulis,
utrinque 8-10, modice petiolulatis, preter nervos glabri-
usculis; racemis axillaribus ; floribus coccineis, pedun-
culis fusco-tomentellis ; calyce spathaceo, subeoriaceo,
glabriuseulo, laciniis brevibus ; vexillo alis longiori,
subsessili, ezeteras partes floris amplectente ; alis inzequi-
lateraliter oblongis, brevissime unguiculatis, glabris ;
ovario stipitato pluriovulato; stylo incurvo; leguminibus
basi in stipitem attenuatis, plurispermis, valvis extus
coriaceis molliter et breviter tomentosis.

Species E. Brucei, Schweinf., affinis, differt racemis floribus
paucioribus, pedunculis fusco-tomentellis non lanato-
tomentosis.

Hab. Sandy soil north of mouth of River Bakora.
January 1903. 137.

Native name "**Murungu." * Wood used for drums. A
shrub or tree, circumference, 5 it. from the ground, 8 ft. ;
thorns on trunk ; flowers red, very few leaves."

Foliola 7:0-11:5 em. longa, 4°5-6°7 cm. lata. Calyx +
25 em. longus, Vexillum externe glabrum + 27-
2'8 cm. longum, subsessile. Al» + 1 cm. longe. Carina
vexillo multo minor suborbicularis 6-7 mm. longa.

146 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

PHASEOLUS SCHIMPERI, Tuubert, in Engler, Hochgebirgsfl. 267.
Hillside, Mulema. Fl. April, 235.
“Trailing plant with purple flowers and large woody
rhizome."

Distrib. Nile Land.

VIGNA FRAGRANS, Sp. Nov.

Caulis subvolubilis striatus precipue superne griseo-tomen-
tosus, foliis mediocriter petiolatis, trifoliolatis, utrinque
tomentosis, terminalibus trilobatis, lobo medio majore,
apice obtusis mueronatis, basi late euneatis, petiolulatis,
foliolis lateralibus subsessilibus inzequilateraliter trilobatis,
nerviis subtus prominentibus, stipulis persistentibus,
lanceolatis striatis; pedunculis sparsissime pilosulis, apice
1-2-3.floris ; foribus cæruleis; calyce campanulato,
ineiniis triangularibus, subacuminatis, hirtis, quam tubus
brevioribus; vexillo extus glabro, suborbiculari, unguicu-
lato ealycem pluries excedente; alis oblique oblongo-
subobovatis, basi auricula instructis; stylo arcuato,
incurvo, infra apicem biseriatim barbato, stigmate laterali,
ovali-globoso ; leguminibus plurispermis, extra pilosulis,
subtorulosis, calyeem multoties excedentibus.

Species V. trilobe, Walp. affinis, differt calyce breviore, ete.

Hab. Hillside, Mulema. FI. April, 232.

Native name “ Niahenge.” “Seeds eaten. Trailing herb
with large fibrous rhizome. Flowers blue and fragrant
(keel petals white)."

Foliola terminalia 2:0-2:3 cm. longa, lateralia l:5-l's em.
longa. Peduneuli 6°0-12°5 cm. longi. Calyx 5-6 mm.
longus. Carina 17-18 nim. longa.

If the genus Liebrechtsia, De Wildem. (Fl. Katanga, 70), be
maintained, it would include the above species. The differeuces
in the style and stigma do not. however, seem sufficiently marked
to warrant its separation from Vigna.

ERIOSEMA MONTANUM, Baker fil., in Journ. Bot. xxxiii. (1895)
142.
Ruchigga. Fl. December, 475.
* Shrub with yellow flowers, 4 ft. high."
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique Distriet.

E. aroMERATUM, Hook. fil. in Niger Flora, 313.
Musozi. Fl. & Fr. January, 73.
Distrib. Widely distributed in Tropical Africa.

E. G. BAKER: DICOTYLEDONES POLYPETAL.E. 147

RHYNCHOSIA CYANOSPERMA, Benth. ex Baker, in Oliver, Fl.
Trop. Afr. ii. 218.
Island of Buvima. Fl. March, 635.
‘Twining shrub with wallflower-coloured petals.”
Distrib. Mozambique District. Also Mascarene Islands and
India.

R. rEstnosa, Hochst. ex Baker, Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 218.
Near Mulema. Fl. March, 191.
Native name * Kashaka Kalibioya." “ From the leaves a
liniment is made. Low shrub with yellow-green flowers
and glandular hairs.”

Distrib. Nile Land.

DALBERGIA UGANDENSIS, sp. nov.

Frutex scandens, ramis plumbeo-corticatis lignosis, striatis,
glabris, novellis nigrescenti-corticatis, foliolis subeoriaceis,
sepissime 8-12, alternis, oblongis, basi rotundatis, apiee
rotundatis vel leviter emarginatis, costa superne im-
pressa, subtus conspicua, nervis lateralibus tenuibus
numerosis, erecto-patulis, utrinque glabris, subtus palli-
dioribus, petiolis petiolulisque glabris, stipulis deciduis ;
floribus panieulatis, panieula axillari et terminali fulvo-
tomentosa; calyce extus fulvo-tomentoso, segmentis
ovatis quam tubo pluries brevioribus ; petalis violaceis ;
vexillo carinam excedente, ovato-oblongo, unguiculato,
carina obtusa naviculariformi, ungue gracili; alis quam
carina longioribus : staminibus ut in eongeneribus, an-
theribus parvis; ovario pilis albidis tecto; stylo gracili,
stigmate parvo terminali ; legumine ignoto.

D. saxatili, Hook. fil., affinis, differt panuliculis + elongatis,
pedicellis erassiusculis dense fulvo-tomentosis, calycis
segmentis brevioribus.

Hab. Coast of Victoria Nyanza, Uganda.

« Liane with violet flowers.” Fl. March, 587.

Petiolus communis 10-13 cm. longus, petiolulus 2-3 mm.
longus. Foliola 2:5-44 cm. longa, l1-l'6 em. lata.
Calyx fere 5 mm. longus. Vexillum 7-8 mm. longum.
Carina 6-6'5 mm. longa.

BarurA RADCLIFFEI, sp. nov.

Frutex ramis cinereo- vel flavescenti-corticatis, striatulis,

glabrescentibus, teretibus ; foliis modice petiolatis, petiolo

LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII. M

148 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

sepissime nigrescenti, ambitu B. barombiensis, oblongis
vel ovatis, apice subacuminatis, basi rotundatis vel late
cuneatis, chartaceis, utrinque glabris, nervis lateralibus,
utriusque 8-10 ereeto-patulis, prope marginem inter se
conjunctis, subtus prominulis, nervis nervulisque densi-
uscule reticulatis; racemis multifloris, demum laxis,
pedunculis pedicellisque pubescentibus, bracteolis calyce
multo minoribus; calyce membranaceo externe pubes-
centi; vexillo oblongo-ovato, breviter unguiculato, quam
calyce vix longiore ; ovario glabro, stylo curvato ; legumine
ignoto.

Species ex affinitate B. polygalacee, Baker, differt primo
intuitu folis angustioribus et praecipue petiolis brevioribus.

Hab. Lake shore, Musozi. Fl. January, 74.

Native name * Matchko.” * Used for mallets to beat bark-
cloth. A shrub with white flowers and conspicuous in-
florescence."

Petiolus 1:0-1:5 em. longus. Folia 80-10 em. longa, 3°5-4:0
em. lata. Vexillum 6-7 mm. longum.

PrEROLOBUM LACERANS, R. Dr. in Salt, Abyss. App. 64.
Banks of Kagera River near Mulema. Fl. May, 269.
Native name * Orge." “Specimens in fruit sent subse-
quently.”
Distrib. Abyssinia.

CASSIA DIDYMOBOTRYA, Fres. in Flora, xxii. (1839) 53.
Near Mulema. Fl. June, 366.
Distrib. Nile Land, Lower Guinea, Mozambique District.

C. FarciNELLA, Oliver, in Fi. Trop. Afr. ii. 281.
Near Mulema. Fl. March, 190.
Native name “ Kanyeüra." “ Wiry shrub, 12 inches high,

with yellow flowers."

Distrib. Nile Land.

C. Grantit, Oliver, in Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 279.
Mulema. Fl. June, 360.
Wiry plant, 18 inehes high, with yellow flowers.
Distrib. Mozambique District.

C. MIMOSOIDES, Linn. Sp. Pl. 379.
Mulema. Fl. June, 365.
Distrib, Common in the Tropics.

E. G. BAKER: DICOTYLEDONES POLYPETALX. 149

BarkragA Ewriwr, Zaubert, in Engler, Pflanzenwelt Ost-Afr.
C. 198.

Lake shore, Musozi. .Fl. January, 79.

Native name * Musa.” '* Used as a medicine for deafness ;
the leaves are heated, and the juice which exudes is
squeezed into the ear. "Tree 30—40 feet high."

Island of Buvüma. Fl. March, 607.

Shrub with white flowers."
Distrib. Central African Lake-Region.

PaRKIA FILICOIDEA, Welw. ex Baker, in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr.
ii. 324.
Island of Buvima. Fl. March, 643.
“Tree with heads of red flowers."
Distrib. Upper and Lower Guinea, Mozambique District.

ENTADA ABYSSINICA, Steud. in A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. i. 234.
North of mouth of Bakora. Fr. January, 143.
Distrib. Nile Land, Lower Guinea.

PrPTADENIA AFRICANA, Hook. fil. in Niger Flora, 330.
Island of Buvüma. FI. March, 647.
* Tree with brownish flowers."
Distrib. Upper and Lower Guinea.

DricunosrAcHYs NUTANS, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. (1842)
353.
Near Mulema. FI. April, 255.
. Native name * Muyebe." “Handles for hoes made. Tree
with flowers yellow at distal, pink at proximal end."
Distrib. Widely distributed iu Tropical Africa.

Mimosa ASPERATA, Linn. Syst. ed. X. 1312.
Kagera Valley, near Mulema. Fl. May, 277.
Native name “ Orge.” “Shrub growing in marshy ground.
Inflorescence pink."
Distrib. Widely spread through Tropical Africa.

Acacta VEREK, Guill. & Perr. Tent. Fl. Seneg. i. 245, t. 56.

The following is either a form of the above or a close ally.
The legumes are broader and generally fewer-seeded than
those of Acacia Verek figured in Reliq. Kotsch. t. 3.

Hab. Hill-top, Mulema. May 1903. 266.

Native name * Mukonje." *' Handles for hoes made. A
tree with white flowers."

M2

150 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

ACACIA PENNATA, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 1090.
Below Ruchigga. Fl. December, 498.
“ Shrub climbing by thorns, white inflorescences.”
Distrib. Widely distributed in Tropical Africa.
The following is allied, but has smaller pods :—
Bank of River Kagera, near Mulema. Fl. May, 289.
Native name * Mutinga.” “ Dug-out canoes made of this.
Tree with white flowers and green stem."

A. SIEBERIANA, DC. Prodr. ii. 463, forma.

Near Kagera, Mulema. Fl. April, 216 & 258.

Native names * Mutiaza," * Mwezameno.” ‘“ Dug-out
canoes and planks made of this. Tree with white
flowers."

Distrib. Widely distributed in Tropical Atrica.

A. SEYAL, Delile, Fl. Agypt. 216, tab. 52. f. 2
Near Mulema. Fl. March, 188.
Native name “ Nigandu.” * Bark used as rope. Shrub.
Inflorescence green.”
Distrib. Widely distributed in Tropical Africa,

A. STENOCARPA, Hochst. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1. 238.
Hillside, Mulema. Fl. May, 317.
Native name * Musange." “Tree assuming an umbrella-
shape; used in building huts. Inflorescence white.”
Distrib. Nile Land.

The following is allied to A. hebeclada, DC. :—
Near Mulema. Fl. March, 189.
Native name ** Mutongde.” ‘‘ Wood used for posts and
handles of hoes; bark used as rope. A tree; flowers
white.”

ALBIZZIA VERSICOLOR, Welw., in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 359.
Gully near Mulema. Fr. May, 301.
Native name * Mubula.” ‘ Vessels made to hold milk of
this. Tree; no flowers."

A. BRACHYCALYX, Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 361.
Near Mulema. FI. April, 219.
* Native name * Mumeya." Used for posts for houses and
charcoal. A tree ; flowers white; staminal tube red."

Distrib. Nile Land.

E. G. BAKER: DICOTYLEDONES POLYPETALEXE. 151

ALBIzZIA Brownel, Walp. Rep. i. 928.
Island of Buvüma. Fl. March, 627.
* Tree with white petals and red staminal tube.
Distrib. Upper and Lower Guinea.

”

A. FAsTIGIATA, Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 361.

Hillside, Mulema. Fl. April, 207. Grunga. Fl. November,
383.

Native name *Munyanohinga." Wood used for handles
for hoes and charcoal. A flat-topped tree with whitish
flowers.”

Distrib. Upper and Lower Guinea.

Also occurs in Natal.

RosacEm®.

PARINARIUM CURATELLEFOLIUM, Planch. in Niger Flora, 333 ;
forma.

Near Mulema. Fl. April, 208.

Native name * Munabiliko." ** Medicine for gonorrhea
made from the leaves. A low tree. Petals light blue
but fugitive."

Distrib. Upper Guinea, Nile Land, Mozambique District.

Ruzsvs APETALUS, Poir. Encycl. Méth. vi. 242.
Ruchigga. Fl. November, 422.
* Climber. Flower with pink stigmas, green perianth."
No. 520, from the same locality, is also a species of Rubus.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District.

CRASSULACE.

KALANCHOE CRENATA, Haw. Syn, 109.
Musozi. Fl. January, 116.
Distrib. Widely spread in Tropical Africa; also at the
Cape.

K. STUHLMANNI, Engler, in Pflanzenwelt Ost-Afr. C. 188;
var. ?
Near Kikobe ferry, River Kagera. Fl. March, 180.
Native name * Kyondo.” “ Planted by natives amongst the
bananas. White flower."

152 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

Succulent herb. This differs in certain respects from
Engler’s description, but I have not had an opportunity
of comparing it with authentic material.

Distrib. Central African Lake-Region.

COMBRETACES.

COMBRETUM SPLENDENS, Engler, Pflanzenwelt Ost-Afr. C. 289
(1895).

Near Mulema. Fl. April, 212.
* Shrub with small white flowers."
The following is closely allied :—
Bank of River Kagera, near Mulema. Fl. May, 290.
Native name “ Muramma.” Tree with greenish flowers.
Distrib. Central African Lake-Region, Mozambique District.

C. BUVUMENSE, sp. nov.

Frutex ramis adultioribus glabris, novellis + fusco-pubes-
centibus, foliorum petiolo superne canaliculato, lamina
membranacea, ovata aeuminata, superne glabra vel glabri-
uscula, basi late euneata vel rotundata, nervis lateralibus
patulis adscendentibus ; racemis axillaribus, copiose
floriferis, abbreviatis; floribus inter mediocres generis
breviter pedicellatis, 5-meris, receptaculo inferioretenuiter
fusco-pubescente, superiore cylindrico-campaniforme,
medio haud constricto ; calycis segmentis zequilateraliter
triangularibus, acuminatis; petalis oblongo-ovatis, basi
cordatis, margine ciliatis, longioribus quam latis, basi
cordatis.

Species ad C. paniculatam, Vent., accedens.

Island of Buvüma, Victoria Nyanza. Fl. March 1904. 624.

A member of Engler & Diels's Section Conniventes.

Folia ad 7:5 em. longa an longiora. Petiolus sæpe 7-8 mm.
longus. Racemi 1:5-20 cm. longi. Receptaculum
superius + 6:5 mm. longum.

Petala + 3 mm. longa. Stamina quam petala 3-4plo
longiora.

ILLIGERA PENTAPHYLLA, Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. (1869)
206.

Island of Buváma. Fl. March. 601. “Liane with pink
petals and orange pollen.” 619. * Liane with greenish
flowers.”

Distrib. Lower Guinea.

E. G. BAKER: DICOTYLEDONES POLY PETALA,

MYRTACE.E.
Evaenia ovixEENsIS, Hiern, Welw. Cat. i. 359.
Island of Buvima, Fl. March, 614.
“Tree with white flowers; colour due to stamens.”
Distrib, Upper and Lower Guinea.

E. CORDATUM, JM. A. Laws. in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 438.
Musozi. Fl. & Fr. December, 5.

153

Native name “ Kirungi nsamvu." Burnt to give a pleasant

smell to bark-cloth.”

Distrib. Lower Guinea, Mozambique District ; also Natal.
There is another specimen of Eugenia in the collection from
Musozi, 154. Native name “ Ntukuza," evidently allied to
E. bukobensis, Engler, but the material is insufficient for

identification.

MELASTOMACE®.

Dissoris MINOR, Gilg, Mon. Afric. Melastom. 12, t. 2 c.
Musozi. Fl. January, 86.
* Low shrub with a red flower."
Distrib. Uganda.
D. InvixaraNA, Hook. fil. in Bot. Mag. t. 5149.
in gully above Mulema. FI. May, 310. Ruchigga.
December, 480.
Native name “ Nkurutetabi.” “Erect herb 2-23
Flowers blue or purple.”
Distrib. Upper Guinea.

MEMECYLON HETEROPITYLLUM, Gilg, Mon. Melastoim. 39.
Island of Buvima. Fl. March, 608.
** Shrub with blue flowers."
Distrib. Central Atrican Lake-Region.

LYTHRACEX.

RorALA BREVISTYLA, 8p. nov.

Planta natans caulibus crassicusculis simplicibus, inferne
spe radicantibus, glabriuseulis, precipue extremitates
versus foliosis, foliis internodiis subszquilongis, e basi
cordatis ovatis vel oblongo-ovatis, sessilibus, oppositis,
glabris, obscure penninerviis, apice obtusis; floribus
minimis axillaribus, subsessilibus, foliis floralibus semper

154 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

multoties brevioribus, calyce demum campanulato, vix ad
medium 4-lobato, lobis brevibus acutis quam tubo brevi-
oribus; petalis minutis, anguste spathulatis; staminibus
2 inclusis, stylo brevi; capsulis globosis, 4-valvatis, demum
quam calyce longioribus.

Hab. Mulema. * Floating plant; flowers minute, red."
Fl. & Fr. May, 316.

Caules 15-20 em. longi, internodiis 6-10 mm. longis. Folia
7-11 mm. longa, 5-7:5 mm. lata. Calycis lobi + °5 mm.
longi. Capsula + 1°5 mm. longa.

Allied to R. fontinalis, Hiern; differs from that species
in the stem being longer and unbranched—in there being
2 stamens included instead of 4 exserted, &c.

AMMANNIA BACCIFERA, Linn. Sp. Pl. 120.
River Rufüa. Fl. December, 535.
“ Erect herb in 2 in. of water; pink petals.”
Distrib. Nile Land, Lower Guinea. Also in India and
Madagascar.

ONAGRARIEX.

EPILOBIUM HIRSUTUM, Linn. Sp. Pl. 347.
In swamp near River Rufüa. Fl. December, 537.
Distrib. Widely spread in Africa and elsewhere.

Jussi#a LINIFOLIA, Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 32.
R. Rufta. Fl. December, 538.
* Marsh plant 5 ft. high ; yellow flowers."
Distrib. Widely distributed in Tropical Africa. Also in
Tropical America.

J. DIFFUSA, Forsk. Fl. ZEgypt.- Arab. 210.
Poo. by Lake Musozi. December, S. Water-plant.
Distrib. Upper Guinea, Nile Land, Mozambique District.

SAMYDACEEX.

TRIMERIA MACROPHYLLA, sp. nov. (Pl. 1.)

Frutex inermis, ramis junioribus pubesceutibus, foliis crassi-
usculis ovatis vel ovato-ellipticis, apice szpissime acutis,
rarissime obtusis, basi cordatis, margine serratis, subtus
pilis albidis vestitis, adultioribus superne glabris, sub-
palmatinerviis; petiolis cinereo-pubescentibus, stipulis

E. G. BAKER: DICOTYLEDONES POLYPETAIL.. 155

magnis deciduis; floribus albis dioicis, spicis masculinis
simplieibus, quam folia multoties brevioribus sed quam
petiolis longioribus; floribus in glomerulos aggregatis; d
brevissime pedunculatis, tetrameris vel peutameris, sepalis
minutis lanceolatis, extus pilis obtectis; petalis sepalis sub-
similibus paulo majoribus, in fl. tetramero ; staminibus 12
inter glandulas 3-nis insertis, quam petalis longioribus ;
floribus 9 capsulis coriaceis, stylis 3 gracilibus, stigmate
parvo.

Species T. tropice, Burkill, valde affinis, differt foliis majori-
bus adultis superne glabris basi magis cordatis, filamentis
paullo longioribus.

Hab. Near Mulema. Fl. & Fr. June, 346.

* Shrub with whitish inflorescence.”

Folia 7-0-12°5 em. longa, 5:5-9:50 em. lata. —Petiolus 1'0-
15 em. longus. Spice masculini 4:5-8:5 em. long.
Capsula 3-3°5 mm. longa.

Tv RNERACEE.

WORMSKIOLDIA PILOSA, Schweinf., var. a ANGUSTIFOLIA, Urban,
Mon. Turner. 54.
Island of Wema. Fl. March, 590.
Herb with orange-yellow flowers.
Distrib. of type. Upper Guinea.

PASSIFLOREX.

BARTERIA ACUMINATA, Sp. nov.

Arbor humilis vel frutex ramulis striatis tenuiter rufescenti-
puberulis, an demum glabrescentibus ; foliis oblongis vel
oblongo-ellipticis, coriaceis, fere glabris, apice acuminatis,
basi in petiolo attenuatis, petiolo brevissimo, crasso, non
stipulato, decurrente, lamina nerviis supra et infra circ.
16-19 ante marginem inter se arcuatim conjunctis, nerva-
tione reticulata subtus prominula ; floribus 1-2 axillaribus
sessilibus, basi bracteatis, bracteis numerosis arcte
imbrieatis cupuliformibus, brunneis, nitidis, margine
ciliatis ; sepalis 5 ovato-oblongis, acuminatis, quam petalis
longioribus, basi coalitis; petalis albis oblongis, apice
mucronatis; staminibus numerosis; stigmate maximo
conico-globoso flavo; fructu globoso.

156 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

Species Barterie nigritane, Hook. fil., affinis, differt foliis
apice sensim acuminatis.

Hab. Lake shore, Musozi. Fl. January. 93.

“ Shrub or tree. Flowers white, with large yellow stigma.
Leaves two-ranked.”

Folia 22-94 cm. longa, 6'0-7'0 em. lata. Petiolus X 6'0-
8:0 mm. longus, supra canaliculatus. Sepala 2:5-8:0 em.
longa, 10-11 mm. lata. Anthere + 3 mm. longs.

ADENIA VENENATA, Forsk. Fl. ZEgypt.-Arab. 77.
Mulema, close to a hut. Fl. April, 239.
Native name “ Numanyama." ‘A shrub; flowers greenish ;
2-3 ft. high only, but trunk 1 ft. diam. just above ground."

CUCURBITACEE.
Mxrorunra puncrara, Cogn. in DU. Mon. Phan. iii. 615.
Near Mulema. Fl. June, 361.
“ Herbaceous twiner: d only. White flowers.”
Distrib. Widely spread in Tropical Asia.

DEGONIACE E.
Begonia EMINI, Warb. in Engler § Prantl, Natiirl. Pflanzen-
Jam. il. 6a, 141.
Lake shore, Musozi. Fl. December, 2.
The following is elosely allied :—
In a wood near the mouth of Kagera. Fl. February, 564.
“ Trailing plant with white flowers."

FrcorpE.
Morrvao SPERGULA, Linn. Syst. ed. X. 881.
Island of Wema. Fl. March, 591.
“ Prostrate herb with white flowers. Entire inflorescence in
some cases red.”
Distrib. Widely distributed iu Tropical Africa.

UMBELLIFERS.
HETEROMORPHA ARBORESCENS, Cham. 5 Schlecht. in Linnea, i.
385
Near Mulema. Fl. June, 348.
* Shrub 10 ft. high, with inconspicuous flowers."
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District.

SPENCER MOORE: GAMOPETAL®. 157

PEUCEDANUM FmaxINIFOLIUM, Hiern, in Oliver, Trans. Linn.
Soc. xxix. (1873) 79.
Near Mulema. June, 334.
“Shrub 18 ft. high, with fleshy stem."
Distrib. Nile Land, Lower Guinea.

Torts GRACILIS, Engler, Pflanzenwelt Ost-Afr. C. 301.
Ruchigga. Fl. November, 413.
“ Herb with yellowish flowers.”
Distrib. Mozambique District.

DICOTYLEDONES GAMOPETALÆ.
(By Spencer Moore, F.L.S.)
RUBIACER.
HyMenopictyon Kunnra, Hochst. in Flora, xxvi. (1843) 71.
In gulley above Mulema, also Ruchigga. Fl. December,
Fr. May, 313 & 485.
Native name * Mwamira."

Distrib, Nile Land, Mozambique District, Upper and Lower
Guinea.

NEvROCARP SA LONGIFLORA, S. Moore. (Pentas longiflora, Oliver,
in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887) 335.)
Ruchigga. Fl. November, 406.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District.

N. Tuomsonu, S. Moore. (Pentas Thomsonii, S. Elliot, in Journ.
Linn. Soc., Bot. xxxu. (1896) 435.)
Ruchigga, 7500 ft. Fl. December, 473.
Distrib. Nile Land.

N. PURPUREA, Hiern, Welw. Cat.1. 438.
Gorge near Mulema. Fl. April, 247.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District, Lower Guinea.

OLDENLANDIA HERBACEA, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 11.
Hill-top near Mulema. Fl. & Fr. June, 338.
Widely distributed.

O. ABYSSINICA, Hiern, in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 57.
Hill-top near Mulema. Fl. June, 336.
Distrib. African tropics except Lower Guinea and eastern
part of Mozambique District.

158 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

Muss£npa ARCUATA, Poir. in Lam. Encye. i. 392.
Musozi. Fl. June, 89.
Native name “Toke Kuru.” * Used as medicine, leaves
pounded with water and drunk for pains in abdomen."
Widely distributed: also a Mascarene species.

DICTYANDRA ARBORESCENS, Welw. ex Benth. § Hook. f. Gen. Pl.
ii. 77.
Uganda, shore of Lake Victoria Nyanza at Mutunda. FL
Mareh, 578.
Distrib. Upper and Lower Guinea.

TARENNA AFFINIS, S. Moore. (Chomelia affinis, A. Schum. in Engl.
Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C. 380.)
Musozi. Fl. January, 78.
“Shrub with showy white inflorescences.’
* Omwanimwani.”
Distrib. Mozambique District (Usambara).

> Native name

Ranpra Macunata, DC. Prod. iv. 388.
Island of Buvüma, Lake Victoria Nyanza. Fl. March, 630.
Distrib. Upper and Lower Guinea, North Central.

GARDENIA THUNBERGIA, Linn. f. ew Thunb. Diss. Gard. 11.
Hillside, Mulema. Fl. April, 227.
Native name * Ntalama." —** Used for fences to keep away
lions, &c."

Widely distributed.

G. URCELLIFORMIS, Hiern, in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. 104.
Uganda, shore of Lake Victoria Nyanza at Mbazi. Fl.
March, 575.
Distrib. Nile Land (Niam-Niam).
The ripe fruits are globose, and two inches in diameter.

G. VISCIDISSUMA, Sp. 110v.

Arbuscula resiniflua aspectu G. physophylle, De Wildem.
(Randie physophylle, K. Schum.), nisi omnimodo multo
minor, folis ovatis obtusissimis basi obtusis vel in
petiolum brevem cuneatim augustatis integris tenuiter
coriaceis costa centrali subtus puberula exempta et axillis
costularum pubescentibus glabris, calyce parvo impariter
8-lobo lobis lanceolatis acutiusculis, floribus solitariis
terminalibus, corolla mediocri erassiuscula superne gra-
datim amplificata fere adusque j iu lobos 5 ovatos

SPENCER MOORE: GAMOPETALE. 159

obtusissimos divisa, antheris angustis sursum curvatis,
fructu ambitu oblongo subtereti coriaceo, seminibus in
massam unicam confertis.

Hab. Edge of copse on hillside, Musozi. Fl. February, 144.

Folia 9:0-17:0 cm. long., 6:0-fere 12:0 cm. lat., nitida, subter
castanea, supra fusca ibique resina copiosissime obducta.
Stipule 0:5 cm. long. Pedunculus 077 cm. long., ut calyx
resinosus. Flores lactei, suaveolentes. Calyx 0'8 em.,
lobi cirea 0:2 em. long. Corolle extus scabriuscule
11:0 em. long., tubus inferne 0:3-0*4 em. diam., faucibus
fere 3"0 cm.; lobi 0°25 em. long. Anthere paullo ultra
2-0 em. long. Stylus breviter exsertus, sursum clavato-
oblongus. Fructus 2:5 em. diam., vix 4'5 em. long.

Nervation of leaf exactly like that of G. physophyila, but
the leaves, besides being much smaller, are very obtuse
at the top. The calyx and corolla are also very much
smaller than those of the species just cited. The 8-lobed
calyx and longer anthers may be mentioned among other
points of difference.

Native name * Mugondo.” ‘Wood used for posts."

OXYANTHUS LITOREUS, sp. nov.

O, alte fruticosus ramis validis saltem prope nodos applanatis
crasse pubescentibus, foliis magnis elliptieis obtusissimis
basi valde obliquis neenon cordatis margine undulatis
subcoriaceis in fac. sup. prsesertim secus costam centralem
scabridis subtus pr:esertim secus costam centralem et
costulas hispidulo-pubescentibus, petiolis brevibus crassis
hispidulo-pubescentibus, stipulis lanceolato-oblongis acutis
extus hispidulo- pubescentibus, cymis plurifloris quam
folia brevioribus, bracteis paucis parvis setaceis, floribus
mediocribus pedicellatis, calycis limbo adusque ? diviso
lobis subulato-setaceis piloso-hispidulis, eorolla sat elon-
gata verisimiliter hypocrateriformi laciniis angustis,
ovario 2-loculari multiovulato albo-piloso.

Hab. Shore of Lake Victoria Nyanza at Musozi. FI.
Jauuary, 95.

Folia ex schedis cl. detectoris 40:0x 25:0 em. attingunt, ea
mihi obvia 22:0 em. long. et 12:0-14-0 em. lat. metiuntur:
petioli 1:0 em. long. Stipule 2:0 cm. long. Pedicelli
0'2-0'5 em. long. Bractez 0:1-0:25 em. long. Cyme
5'0 em. deinde 8'0 em. diam., griseo-puberule. Flores

160 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

vireseentes. Calycis limbus 0'2 cm., lobi O'G em. long.
Corolle nondum expanse 10:0 em., anthere 0°65 em.
long. Stigma fusiforme, 0°65 em. long., cruribus O'L em.
long. inelusis. Ovarium oblongum, 0:5 em. long.

The material of this consists of two leaves with the part of
the stem to which they are immediately attached, and two
separated inflorescences—one with buds in various stages but no
fully expanded flower, the other with very young fruits just
after the corollas have fallen away. The length of the inflores-
cenees cannot therefore be given, nor that of the flowers at
maturity. In spite of this, I have ventured to describe the
specimen, as it seems different from any hitherto known. In
appearance it is much like O. wnilocularis, Hiern, but the
clothing of the leaf, the longer calyx-lobes, the 2-celled ovary,
and, to judge from the unopened corollas, the smaller flowers are
well-marked differential characters.

OXYANTHUS LEPIDUS, Sp. nov.

O. fruticosus, glaber, ramulis aliquantulum tortis necnon
applanatis olivaceis, foliis brevipetiolatis ovatis cuspidato-
aeutiuseulis basi rotundatis chartaceis costis secundariis
utrinque circa 10 summis parum aspectabilibus retis sed
marginem versus abrupte arcuatis, stipulis a basi lata in
appendicem longam lineari-setaceam exeuntibus, corymbis
abbreviatis paucifloris, bracteis lanceolatis acuminatis
margine ciliolatis pedicellos zquantibus, calycis limbo ad
4 in lobos triangulari-subulatos diviso, corolle tubo

mediocriter elongato quam lobi lineares obtusi multo
longiore extus glabro intus deorsum piloso sursum fauces
versus transversim rugoso, filamentis perbrevibus, antheris
anguste linearibus, ovario 2-loculari, stigmate anguste
fusiformi.

Hab. Wema Island, Lake Victoria Nyanza. Fl. March,
594.

Folia 10-12 x 5—6'5 cm., supra subnitentia, in sicco olivacea,
subtus pallida; petioli 0'5 em. long., puberuli. Stipulæ
extus puberulæ, intus basi pilosæ, pars expansa 0'3-
04 cm., pars attenuata 0'7-1'0 em. long. vel paullulum
majus. Inflorescentie axis robustus, summum modo
0'5 em. long. Bractew et pedicelli 0:3 cm. long. Calyx
totus 0*4 em. long. Corollæ albe», tubus 8:0-8 5 em.
long.; lobi 15 em. long., 0'3 em. lat. Anthere 04 cm.,

SPENCER MOORE: GAMOPETAL.E. 161

ovarium 0'25 em. long. Stylus glaber, ad 12 em. exsertus.
Stigma 04 em. long.

Known by the comparatively short leaves rounded below,
together with the stipules terminating in a long slender appen-
daze, the congested few-flowered inflorescenees, tho narrow lobes
of the corolla, and the relative length to them of the tube.

Tricatysta BUXIFOLIA, Hiern, in Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. 119.
Near Mulema. Fl. & Fr. June, 352.
Distrib. Lower Guinea.

CANTHIUM SCHIMPERIANUM, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. i. 350.
Kagera Valley, near Mulema. FI. May, 282.
Native name * Mukiraga.”’
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique Distriet (Usambara).

C. HISPIDUM, Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 409.
Mouth of River Kagera. Fl. December, 54.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique Distriet, Upper and
Lower Guinea.

C. GoLUNGENSE, Hiern, Welw. Cat. i. 478; var. PARVIFLORA,

var. nov. <A typo discrepat ob flores plane minores.
Calyx totus 0:15 em. long., 012 em. diam. Corolle tubus
02 em. long.; lobi tubo equilongi. Stylus modo 0°65 em.
long.

Near Mulema. Fl. April, 209.

Native name * Mazaza."

Distrib. (of type). Lower Guinea.

C. LACTESCENS, Hiern, Welw. Cat. i. 511; var. GRANDIFOLIA,
var. nov. Folia cirea 15*0 em. long. et lat.
Except for the great difference in size of leaf, I can se»
nothing to distinguish this variety from the type.
Near Mulema. Fl. June, 329.
Distrib. Lower Guinea.

VANGUERIA APICULATA, K. Schum. in Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost- Afr.
C. 384.
In gully near Mulema, also Ruehigga. Fl. June & Novem-
ber, 350 & 464.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District.

162 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

CRATERISPERMUM BRACHYNEMATUM, Hiern, in Oliver, Fl. Trop.
Afr. i. 161.
Hillside, Musozi. Fl. February, 146.
Native name * Muschéra," “ Used for posts in building."
Distrib. Upper Guinea.

C. SCHWEINFURTHII, Hiern, in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 161.
Island of Buvúma, Lake Victoria Nyanza. Fl. March, 616.
Distrib. Mozambique District (Northern part), Central

Lake District.

Ixona TERNIFOLIA, Hook. f. ex Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 177.
Huehigea. Fl. November, 440.
Distrib. Central Lake District.

Paverra Onrvertana, Hiern, in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 174.
Hill near the Rufúa. Fl. & Fr. January, 542.
Distrib. Central Lake District.

P. ASSIMILIS, Sond. in Harv. § Sond. FI. Cap. i. 20.
Kagera Valley near Mulema, and below Ruchigga. Fl. May,
June, December; Fr. December. 285, 353, 487.
Distrib. South Africa.

P. GRUMOSA, Sp. nov.

P. fruticosa, ramosa, ramis teretibus cinereis ramulos breves
crebro foliosos griseo-pubescentes cito glabros et cinereos
emittentibus, foliis parvis brevipetiolatis lanceolatis vel
lanceolato-oblongis obtusis vel acutis swpe cuspidulatis
basi euneatis glabris supra in sicco fuscis subtus olivaceis,
stipulis amplis inter se connatis caducis sursum appen-
diculatis intus basi hirsutis, corymbis terminalibus per-
brevibus densifloris griseo-pubescentibus, pedicellis quam
calyx sæpissime brevioribus, floribus 4-meris, calycis
pubescentis lobis lineari-subulatis acutis quam limbus
liber longioribus, coroll: tubo elongato intus piloso-pubes-
cente quam lobi anguste ovato-oblongi obtusi plane
longiore, filamentis brevissimis ori affixis, antheris ex-
sertis, stylo longo exserto glabro, stigmate leviter clavel-
lato indiviso.

Hab. On ant-hill in swamp, River Rufáa. Fl. December,
511.

Folia 25-40 em. long., 1:0-2-0 em. lat.; coste secundarie
utrinque cirea 6 valde arcuate ; costa media minute
puberula; petioli 02-03 em. long. supra griseo pubes-

SPENCER MOORE: GAMOPETALX. 168

centes. Stipularum pars basalis cirea 0:2 em. long.,
appendici filiformi reeurvo-patenti equilonga. Corymbi
cirea 50 em. diam. Flores albi. Calycis limbus liber
vix O1 cm., lobi 0°27 em. long. Corolle tubus 2'0 em.,
lobi 0*6 em. long. Filamenta 0-07 cm. antherze lineares,
torquatie, 0'5 em. long. Stylus 4'0 cm. long.

Recognized by the small leaves drying dark, coupled with the

densely flowered corymbs and certain floral details.

PavETTA BaAGSHAWETZ, sp. nov,

P. fruticosa, glabra, ramulis teretibus distanter foliosis,
foliis brevipetiolatis obovatis vel anguste obovato-oblongis
apice cuspidato-acuminatis basi obtusis vel rotundatis
tenuiter coriaceis, stipulis in vaginam connatis sursum
subulato-setaceis diuscule persistentibus, corymbis ad
apicem ramulorum sessilibus densifloris, floribus 4-meris,
ealyeis lobis sat elongatis subulato-setaceis eiliatis quam
pars indivisa saltem 4-plo longioribus, coroll mediocris
tubo attenuato intus pubescente lobis oblongis obtusis
3-plo longioribus, antheris exsertis filamentis brevissimis
fultis, stylo elongato longe exserto glabro, stigmate
anguste fusiformi indiviso.

Hab. Shore of Lake Vietoria Nyanza at Musozi. Fl.
January, 127.

Folia summum 11:0 em. x 65 em., ssepius 1070 x 3'5-
4°5 cm.; eost» secundarie utrinque circa 10, marginem
versus aperte arcuate ; costule haud prominentes;
petioli + L'O em. long., erassiusculi. Corymbi adusque
5'0 em. diam. Flores albo-virescentes. Calycis limbus
0:12 cm., lobi 0°5-0°6 em. long. Corolle tubus 1:5 em.
long. in sicco O'l em. humectatus 0'2 em. lat.; lobi
05 cm. long. Anthere lineares, maxime torquatz,
0-4 em. long. Ovarium turbinatum, 0:15 em., stylus
3:5 em. long.

Known by the sessile densely-flowered inflorescences, together
with the glabrous leaves, the relatively long setaceous ciliated
ealyx-lobes, and the medium-sized corollas with the tube three
times as long as the limb.

Rurwea RUFIPILIS, Hiern, in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 188.

Edge of swamp on shore of Lake Victoria Nyanza at
Musozi. Fl. & Fr. February, 167.

Distrib. Central Lake District, Upper Guinea.

LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII. N

164 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

MxnsriPHYLLUM CRISTATUM, Hiern, Welw. Cat. i. 493. (Psy-
chotria cristata, Hiern, in Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 205.)

Musozi and north of mouth of Bakore. Fl. & Fr. January,
90 & 141.

Distrib. Central Lake Distriet, Lower Guinea.

GnuMILEA CATETENSIS, Hiern, Welw. Cat. i. 494.

Near shore of Lake Victoria Nyanza at Musozi. Fl.
January, 120.

Distrib. Lower Guinea.

CHASALIA MACRODISCUS, A. Schum. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxiil.
(1896) 469.

Mouth of Kagera. Fl. & Fr. December, 70.

Identical with Welwitsch 3198, 3199, named by Hiern as
above. Possibly a new species; the type of Ch. macro-
discus (Zenker 1262) being a laxer and smaller-flowered
plant.

Distrib. Upper and Lower Guinea.

ANTHOSPERMUM LANCEOLATUM, Thunb. Prod. 32.
]runga, November, 593.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District. Also South
Africa.
TARDAVEL ANDONGENSTS, Hiern. Welw. Cat. i. 500.
Near Mulema. Fl. April, 218.
Distrib. Lower Guinea.
RUBIA CORDIFOLIA, Linn. Syst. ed. XII. 229.
Near Mulema. Fl. & Fr. June, 368.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District. Also in South
Africa.
GALIUM STENOPHYLLUM, Baker, in Kew Bull. (1895) 68.
Irunga. Fl. & Fr. November, 394.
Distrib. Mozambique District.

COMPOSITE.

Erraxera (§ Platylepis) BAGSHAWET, sp. nov.

E. caule ascendente sparsim folioso breviter griseo-tomen-
toso, foliis alternis petiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis utrinque
acutis margine dupliciter serrulatis firme membranaceis
utrobique præsertim vero fac. sup. griseo-velutinis, cymis

SPENCER MOORE: GAMOPETALZ. 165

folia excedentibus terminalibus pluricapitulatis sublaxis,
capitulis ad normam generis submediocribus raro sessilibus
tubuloso-eampanulatis eirea 17-flosculosis, involueri pubes-
centis 5-serialis phyllis exterioribus late ovatis obtusis-
simis quam interiora oblonga vel oblongo-lanceolata obtusa
vel obtuse acuta brevioribus omnibus scarioso-marginatis,
flosculis bene exsertis, acheniis parvis turbinatis sursum
amplifieatis costis 8 prominentibus indutis glabris, pappi
setis paucis scabriusculis achenio equilongis caducissimis.

Hab. Lake shore, Musozi. FI. December, 10.

Suffrutex ex schedis cl. detectoris aromaticus. Folia adus-
que 65 em. long., fere 3*0 em. lat., juniora revera minora ;
nervi fac. sup. plani, fac. inf. valde eminentes neenon
arcte retieulati; petioli 1:0-2:0 em. log. Cyme
tomentose, cirea 870 cm. long. et circa totidem diam.
Pedunculi proprii sepissime 0:2-0:5 em. long. Invo-
lucrum 0°6 cm. long. 05 em. diam.: phylla extima
02 cem., intermedia 03-04. cm., interiora 0'6 em. long.,
illa 02 em., hee 012-018 em. lat. Corolle 0'G em.
long. Achenia pappusque 0'2 em long., illa deorsum
0'03 sursum fere 0'1 em. diam.

Heads somewhat like those of E. Schimperi, S. Moore, but
easily distinguished by their short, broad, very obtuse outer
involucral leaves. |

ERLANGEA ($ Stephanolepis) UGANDENSIS, sp. nov.

E. elata, erecta, copiose foliosa, ramis robustis subteretibus
densissime albo-villosis, foliis majusculis lanceolato-ovatis
acutis deorsum in petiolum sat longum gradatim attenuatis
margine dentatis dentibus acutissimis firme membranaceis
supra mox scabriuseulis subtus albo-villosis demum
villosulis, capitulis pro genere magnis in corymbo terminali
paucicephalo folia summa breviter excedente dispositis,
pedunculis albo-villosis, involucri hemispherici 4-serialis
phyllis ovatis deorsum firmis sursum appendice seariosa
obtusissima onustis extimis appresse albo-villosulis intimis
quain reliqua paullo minoribus, flosculis exsertis, acheniis
subeyliudrieis 5-costatis glabris cito calvis, pappi setis
paucis scabridis apice angustatis achenio sequilongis.

Hab. Ruchigga. FI. December, 474.

Herba fere orgyalis (see. el. detectorem). Foliorum lamina

N2

166 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

fere adusque 20:0 em. long. et 7:0 em. lat. (juniora 10:0 x
4-0 em.) ; nervi fac. sup. plani vel leviter impressi, fac. inf.
prominentes; petioli tandem 3'0 em. long., basi dilatati.
Corymbus 12:0 em. long. Pedunculi proprii 08-30 em.
long. Involucra 1°5 em. long. et diam.; phylla extima
circa 1:5 em. long., intima vix ultra 10 cm., illa 077 em.
lat. Corolle fere 1:2 em. long., inferne pubescentes.
Achenia et pappus 0:23 em. long.

A very distinct and fine plant. The heads have somewhat the

look of those of Vernonia calvoana, Hook. fil.

VERNONIA BRACHYCALYX, O. Hoff. in Engler, Pflanzenwelt
Ost- Afr. C. 405.
Near Mulema. FI. June, 349.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique Distriet, South Central.

V. Exmor, S. Moore, in Journ. Linn. Koc., Dot. xxxv. (1902)
315.
Ruchigga. Fl. November, 407.
Distrib. Nile Land (Mau).

V.($ Lepidella) Carur-MeEpvus4, sp. nov.

V. herbacea, caule simplici stricto subtereti valido a basi
folioso albo-hirsuto, foliis parvis sessilibus oblongis juniori-
bus Janceolatis obtusis supra scabriusculis subtus pilis his-
pidis copiose indutis membranaceis, capitulis mediocribus
in corymbo paucicephalo congesto hirsuto digestis cirea
40-flosculosis, involucri subhemispherici hirsuti phyllis
5-seriatis interioribus quam extima longioribus e basi
anguste lineari-lanceolato pallido in caudam elongatam
albo-hirsutam purpuream exeuntibus intimis linearibus,
floseulis breviter exsertis, acheniis oblongo-linearibus
4-costatis costis setuliferis inter costas glandulis pluribus
parvis onustis, pappi setis scabriusculis dilutissime
stramineis quam squame 4-plo longioribus.

Hab. Irunga. 394 A.

Planta fere semimetralis. Folia summum 6:0 cm. long.
(juniora 3:5 em.) et 0:6-1:0 em. lat., glandulis pellucidis
conspersa. Corymbus 5:0 em. long., hujus bracteæ foliis
similes sed multo breviores. Pedunculi proprii nec ultra
0°8 cm. long., sepius breviores. Capitula 1°5 em. diam.
Receptaculum fimbrillifero-erosum. — Iuvolucri. phyla
extima 0*6 cm., interiora 1:0 cm. long. Corolle 0'8 cm.

SPENCER MOORE: GAMOPETALJE. 167

long., extus glanduloso-puberule. Achenia 0°22 cm.,
pappi setze 0'5 em., squamze 0:12 em. long.

This comes nearest V. karongensis, Baker, which is referred by
Baker (Kew Bull. (1898) 147) to $ Cyanopis by an evident over-
sight. From that species it is at once known by its congested
inflorescences and larger involueres with long coarse tails to
their leaves.

VERNONIA AMYGDALINA, Del. Voy. a Meéroé, 41.
Hillside near Mulema. Fl. June, 239.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique Distriet, Upper and Lower
Gruinea.

V. SENEGALENSIS, Less. in Linnea, iv. (1829) 265.

Hillside, Musozi. Fl. January, 119.

Native name * Murulosa." ‘ An infusion made from the
leaves of this is used as a remedy for pains in the
abdomen."

Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District, South Central,
Upper and Lower Guinea. Also in Madagascar,

V. TENOREANA, Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. (1873) 92.
Hillside, Mulema. Fl. April, 243. “Sticks used iu hut-
building."
Distrib. Upper Guinea, Central Lake District.

V. NANDENSIS, S. Moore, in Journ. Linn. Koc., Bot. xxxv. (1902)
323.
Hillside, Burumba. Fl. July, 376.
Distrib. Nile Laud (Nandi).

V. Tuomsonrana, Oliver § Hiern, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix.
(1873) 91.
Hill near Rufta. Fl. January, 543.
Distrib. Central Lake District, South Central.

V. ronocoMa, Sch. Bip. ex Oliver & Hiern, in Fl. Trop. Afr.
iu. 296.
Ruchigga. Fl. November, 400.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District.

V. AURICULIFERA, Hiern, Welw. Cat. 1. 539.
In gully, Burumba. Fl. July, 375.
Distrib. Lower Guinea.

168 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

Miganta scanpens, Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 1743. (Willugbzya
scandens, O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. 371.)
Marshy forest, Musozi. Fl. January, 112 & 130.
Widely distributed.

MicrogLossa DENSTFLORA, Hook. fil. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot.
vii. (1864) 200.
Ruchigga. Fl. November, 450.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District (Northern part),
Upper Guinea.

BLUMEA racERA, DC. in Wight, Contrib. Bot. Ind. 14.
River Rufta. Fl. December, 510.
Widely distributed through the tropies of the Old World.

SPILERANTHUS SUAYEOLENS, DC. Prod. v. 370.
Below Ruchigga. FI. December, 489.
Distrib. Nile Land, South Central, Lower Guinea. Also in
Egypt.

BLEPHARISPERMUM PUBESCENS, sp. nov.

B. caule scandente angulato eximie striato glabro vel glabres-
cente spinis debilibus brevibus decurvis hine inde onusto,
ramulis cerebro foliatis griseo-pubescentibus, foliis ad
normam generis mediocribus ovatis acutis vel acuminatis
basi nunc latissime truncatis nune spathulatis nune in
petiolum brevem cuneatim angustatis margine dentatis
vel breviter dentato-lobulatis rarius integris vel sub-
integris. membranaceis griseo-pubescentibus supra cito
seabriusculo-puberulis pube glandulis minimis lucentibus
intermixta, capitulorum glomerulis solitariis spheroideis,
capitulis heterogamis 4-(rarissime 5-) flosculosis flosculis
fem. 2 (rarius 3) hermaph. 2 sterilibus, involucri phyllis
receptaculique paleis late oblongis his cymbiformibus
apice sepe dentatis, flor. hermaph. corollis campanulato-
tubulosis 5-lobis, flor. fem. parvis anguste tubulosis 3-
dentatis, acheniis fertilibus oblongo-obovatis compressis
utrinque l-eostatis margine longe albo-ciliatis ceteroquin
glabris, pappi squamis circa 10 alteris quam alters paullo
longioribus subulatis achh. sterilium 5-6 latis vel
angustis.

Hab. Near Mulema. Fl. April, 225 & 599.

Folia 3:5-6:0 cm. long., 1:5-2:5 (rarissime 3:5) em. lat.,

SPENCER MOORE: GAMOPETAL.E. 169

eleganter reticulata ; petioli 03-0*6 em. long., pubescentes.
Pedunculi sæpissime 1:0-2°0 cm. long. pubescentes.
Capitulorum glomeruli 1:2 em. long, 14 em. diam.
Involueri phylla 025x01 cm., carinata, dorso apice
puberula. Receptaculi palee ægre OG em. long.
O2 cm. lat. Corolle hermaph. 0:35 em. long., fem.
013 em. Achænia fertilia 0'8 X0'13 cm., sterilia 0'2 em.
long. Pappi squamæ 0'1-0'2 em. long., achh. sterilium
0:2 em. long.

Nearest B. spinulosum, Oliver & Hiern, the pubescence, shape
of leaves, heads with only two hermaphrodite florets, and quite
different achenes beiug among the points of difference.
ACHYROCLINE Hocusrerrert, Sch. Bip. ew A. Rich, Tent. Fl.

Abyss. 1, 429.

Ruchigga. Fl. December, 476.

Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District, Upper and
Lower Guinea.

HELICHRYSUM LEIOPODIUM, DC. Prod. vi. 200.
]runga. Fl. November, 387.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District, South Central,
Lower Guinea. Also in South Africa.

H. cymosum, Less. Syn. 302; var. COMPACTUM, Vatke.
Ruchigga. Fl. December, 476 A.
Distrib. Nile Laud, Mozambique District, South Central,

Upper Guinea. Also in South Africa.

H. (§ Chrysolepidea, Stoechadina) GALBANUM, sp. nov.

H. iruticosum, superne sparsim ramosum, araneo-tomento-
sum, eaule tereti longitrorsum multistriato verisimiliter
tandem glabro, foliis subsessilibus lanceolatis vel lanceo-
lato-ovatis apice pungentibus basi obtusis nequaquam
aurieulatis, capitulis parvis cylindrieis 5-6-flosculosis
heterogamis in glomerulis densis multicephalis cymas
corymbosas terminales raribracteatas efformantibus dis-
positis, involucri 4-serialis phyllis inter se æquilongis
anguste obovato-oblongis obtusis vel obtuse acutis haud
radiantibus citrinis, receptaculo breviter foveolato, flos-
culis fem. 1-2, acheniis maxime crudis parvulis glabris,
pappi setis cirea 25 corollas paullulum superantibus
glabris albis.

Hab. Ruchigga. Fl. November, 451.

170 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

Folia 3:0 em. x 1:0-1'5 cm., seniora deinde pag. sup. dilute
rubescentia, reliqua utrobique pallide grisea; petioli
01-0'3 cm. long. Cyme cirea 5'0 em. long, 6'0 em.
diam.; harum bractez foliis similes sed plane minores.
Capitula 0'4 em. long, 0°13 em. lat. Involueri phylla
0:33 em. long. Corolla 0'22 em. long. Receptaculum
0:03 em. diam. Acbznia 0'025 cm., pappus 0'3 em. long.

To be placed in the neighbourhood of H. rutilans, Less., and
H. abyssinicum, Sch. Bip., but at once distinguished from them
by the narrow heads with few floscules.

HELICHRYSUM GLOBOSUM, Sch. Bip. ev A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss.
1. 425 ; var.
Ruchigga at 7000 feet. Fl. December, 524.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District, Upper and Lower
Guinea. Also a Mascarene species.

ANISOPAPPUS AFRICANUS, Oliver § Hiern, Fl. Trop. Afr. Wi.
369.
Hill near the Rufta. FI. January, 548.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District, South Central.

SPILANTHES ACMELLA, Murr. in Linn. Syst. ed. XIII. 610.
Ruchigga and near the Rufta. Fl. November and January,
460 & 541.
A plant of wide distribution through the Old World.

COREOPSIS ARENICOLA, sp. nov.

C. fruticulosa caule erecto crebro ramoso in longitudinem
multistriato glabro una cum ramulis puberulis gracili,
folis parvis sessilibus pinnatiseetis (summis 3-sectis)
jugis sepius 2 anguste linearibus obtuse aeutis ut rhachis
angusta in pag. inf. minute pubescentibus membranaceis,
capitulis submediocribus ad apices ramulorum corymbos
laxos oligocephalos formantibus, pedunculis elongatis
gracilimis puberulis, involucri campanulati 2-serialis
phyllis exterioribus herbaceis anguste lineari-oblongis
obtusis dorso pilis brevibus appressis minutis quam
interiora ovata vel ovato-oblonga integra vel bifida multo
brevioribus, ligulis 8 flavis oblongo-lanceolatis apice
integris involucrum manifeste superantibus, acheeniis
compressis lineari-oblongis inferne leviter ae gradatim
attenuatis in utraque facie subtiliter costatis haud alatis

SPENCER MOORE: GAMOPETAL.E. 171

superne ciliatis, pappi aristis 2 quam achenia insigniter
brevioribus tenuibus nudis.

Hab. In dry sand by Lake Victoria Nyanza at Musozi.
Fl. December, 12.

* Low shrub,” sec. cl. Bagshawe. Folia modica 1:5-2:5 em.
long.; horum lobi 0:3-0:8 em. long., nec ultra 01 em. lat.
Pedunculi solemniter 3:0-5:0 em. long., nudi vel sparsissime
braeteati; braeteis dum adsint filiformibus. Capitulum
pansum circa 1:5 cm. diam. Involueri phylla exteriora
0:35 cem., interiora 0*6 em. long. Receptaculi pales
oblongz, obtusissinz, 3-nerves. Ligule 1:1 em. long.,
0:33 em. lat., perspicue Ll-nerves. Achænia 0:6-0775 em.
long., summum O'l em. lat. Pappi aristæ vix adusque
O'l em. long.

Known by the slender habit, the small deeply-divided leaves
with narrow lobes, the narrow herbaceous outer involueral leaves
much shorter than the broad inner ones, the narrow multinerved
ligules, and the narrow achenes with very short awns.

CRASSOCEPHALUM DIVERSIFoLIUM, Hiern, Welw. Cat. 1. 594;
var. CREPIDIOIDES, Hiern.
Ruchigga. Fl. December, 483.
Widely distributed through Tropieal Africa.

C. RUWENZORIENSE, S. Moore, in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xxxv.
(1902) 352.
Mouth of the Kagera River. Fl. December, 34.
Distrib. Central Lake District.

C. (Gynura) AURIFORME, sp. nov.

C. frutieosum, seandens, ramulis bene foliosis alte suleatis
pilis crassis articulatis dense pubescentibus, foliis circuitu
cordatis apice obtusis margine dentatis vel breviter
dentato-lobulatis supra scabride subtus molliter pubes-
centibus firme membranaceis petiolis quam lamina
brevioribus pubescentibus basi auriculis 2 sat magnis
onustis, capitulis homogamis circa 40-flosculosis in
corymbo pluricephalo bracteato subdenso dispositis, in-
volueri oblongi phyllis 11-13 linearibus apice sphacelatis
margine membranaceis dorso piloso-puberulis adjectis
ealyculi phyllis paucis parvis ciliatis, corollis involucrum
superantibus, acheniis angustis 10-striatis quam pappus
albus glaber manifeste brevioribus.

172 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

Hab, Island of Buvüma, Lake Victoria Nyanza. Fl. March,
657.

Folia (petiolo excl.) modice 5:0-6:0 em. long., et 4*0 em.
lat. (interdum vero 3:5-4:0 x 25-30 ¢m.), basi palmi-
nervia; petioli 1:5-2:0 em. long.; auricule summum
05x10 em., utrinque sparsim pubescentes. Corymbus
circa 7*0 em. long. et diam.; hujus bractew infimæ folia
mentientes, reliquie parve et in calyculi phylla transeuntes.
Calyeuli phylla 0*4 cm. long. Capitula pansa 1:3 em.
long. et 0'8 em. diam. Involueri phylla 1:0 cm., corolle
flavo-brunnescentes 1'1 cm., styli ramorum appendices
fere 072 cm., achænia 0:3 cm., pappus 0:85 em. long.

Gynura scandens, O. Hotim., has differently shaped leaves
without auricles, fewer and shorter involucral leaves, narrower
and fewer flosculed heads, &c. The plant here described is also
near that named by me Crassocephalum ruwenzoriense, but its
pubescence, auricled leaves, and longer involueres with more
numerous and narrower leaves, are among its distinguishing
points,

EMILIA DEBILIS, sp. nov.

E. annua, tenera, caule gracili parum ramoso piloso-pubescente
cito piloso, foliis perpaucis sessilibus anguste oblanceolato-
oblongis utrinque obtusis erassiuseulis albo-piloso-puber-
ulis, capitulis perpaucis ramulos solitatim coronantibus
longissime — pedunculatis piloso- pubescentibus parvis
o - flosculosis, involucri cylindriei phyllis 8 basi con-
junetis linearibus obtusis extus piloso-puberulis, corollis
breviter exsertis, styli ramis appendiee brevi subulata
glabra coronatis, acheeniis cylindricis 10-costatis costis vel
intervallis albo-pilosulis glabrisve, pappi setis glabris albis.

Hab. Ruchigga. FI. November, 444.

Planta adusque 40:0 em. alt. Folia solemniter 2:5-3:5 em.
long. O'7 cm. lat., margine paullulum revoluta, subtus
pallida, costule fere evanid:. Pedunculi adusque 15:0
cm. long., bracteis O'5-1'5 cm. long. rarissimis praditi.
Involueri phylla O8 em. long. Corolle flave, 0:6 em.
long., lobi Ol em. Styli rami vix O'l em. long., horum
appendices 0'02 cm. Achenia 0:22 cm., pappi setze 075-077
ein. long.

Known by the indumentum, the small and narrow sessile
leaves, the long peduncles, and the slender subulate appendages
to the style-arms.

SPENCER MOORE: GAMOPETALE. 173

NoroNra ABYSSINICA, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. i. 444.
Musozi Fl. December, 68.
Distrib. Nile Land.

N. Wzrwrrsonrr, Hiern, Welw. Cat. i. 596.
Below Ruchigga. Fl. December, 488.
Distrib. Lower Guinea.

SENECIO MULTICORY MBOSUS, Klatt, in Ann. k.-k. Hofmus. Wien,
vii. (1892) 103.
Musozi. Fl. January, 105.
Native name ** Kiraránkuba." “The leaves are used in
fever."
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District, Lower Guinea.

S. TABULICOLUS, Baker, in Kew Bull. (1898) 155.
Ruchigga, 7000 feet. Fl. November, 419.
Distrib. Mozambique District (Nyassaland),

S. BAGSHAWET, sp. nov.

S. herbaceus, elatus, caule robusto bene foliato sinuato suleato
cito puberulo, foliis radicalibus vel saltem fere radicalibus
magnis ovato-oblongis obtusissimis basi alte cordatis
margine dentatis dentibus induratis albis petiolis crassis
late alatis fultis membranaceis supra glabris subtus
araneoso-puberulis, foliis junioribus radicalibus similibus
nisi multo minoribus et ambitu ovatis et subtus araneoso-
pubescentibus, capitulis medioeribus heterogamis radiatis
cirea 30-flosculosis in corymbosis longis terminalibus
pluricephalis patulis dispositis, peduneulis propriis capitula
longe exeedeutibus bracteis setaceis in calyeuli phylla
transeuntibus onustis, involucri eampanulati phyllis 13
lineari-obloogis apice sphacelatis acutis margine mem-
brauaeeis dorso araneoso-puberulis, ligulis 7 flavis extra
involucrum longe egressis, styli ramis truncatis penicillatis,
achenus lineari-oblongis 10-costatis glabris, pappi setis
scabriusculis albis.

Hab. Ruchigga. Fl. November, 405.

Herba fere orgyalis. Folium radicale unicum solum suppe-
titum fere 40:0 em. long. (petiolo saltem 16:0 em. long.
excluso), basi 22:0 em. superne 10:0-14°0 em. lat., supra
viride, subtus griseum ; costa centralis subtus valde pro-
minens, longitrorsum costatus; coste secundaria utrinque

174 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

cirea 20 in pag. inf. eminentiores. Folia superiora T
10*0 em. long., 6:0-9*0 em. lat.; horum petioli 4°0-6°0 em.
long., alis dentatis basi dilatatis uti lamina vestitis.
Corymbus 20:0—30*0 em. long., et circa 10'0 em. diam.,
deorsum bracteis paucissimis foliis similibus nisi multo
minoribus onustus, multistriatus, puberulus. Pedunculi
proprii + 4°0 em. long. ; horum bracteæ et calyculi phylla
cirea 0'3 cm. long. Capitula pansa circa 2'0 em. diam.
Involueri phylla 0°8 em. long., 015-072 em. lat. Ligula
(lamina) 1:0 em. long, oblonga, apice 3-denticulata,
plurinervosa. Fl. hermaph. corolla 0:9 em. long.; tubus
usque ad medium valde attenuatus hine gradatim ex-
pansus. Styli rami 0-2 cm., achenia 0'5 cm., pappus
075 em. long.

This very fine plant is allied to S. Burtoni, Hook. fil., which,

to go no further into the matter, has entirely different leaves.

SENECIO PkrITIANUS, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. i. 422.
Bank of River Kagera near Mulema. Fl. June, 355.
Distrib. Nile Land.

S. MARANGUENSIS, O. Hoffm. in Engler, Pfianzenwelt Ost- Afr.
C. 418.
Near Mulema. FI. June, 328.
Distrib. Nile Land (South-eastern part).

B. sUBsCANDENS, Hochst. ev A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1. 434.
Below Ruchigga. | Fl. December, 496.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District, Lower Guinea.
Also Mascarene Islands and in S. W. Arabia.

S. RUWENZORIENSIS, S. Moore, in Journ. Linn. Soe., Dot. xxxv.
(1902) 355.
Ruchigga. Fl. November, 410.
Distrib. Central Lake District.

ECHINOPS AMPLEXICAULIS, Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix.
(1873) 101.
Hillside, Mulema. FI. April, 248.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District (Northern part).

E. ($ Cenchrolepis) BREVISETUS, sp. nov.
Herba ereeta caule robusto folioso intricate albo-tomentoso,
folis sessilibus elongatis ambitu ovato-oblongis alte

SPENCER MOORE: GAMOPETALE. 175

pinnatifidis segmentis iterum pinnatifidis lobis in spinam
rigidam excurrentibus segmentis infimis summisque in-
tegris omnibus ut rhachis supra pilis hispidis seabridis
preditis subter dense albo-tomentosis, capitulorum glo-
merulis solitariis majusculis globosis breviter peduneulatis,
receptaeulo communi anguste ovoideo, involucri partialis
setis a phyllis intermediis lanceolatis juxta apieem spino-
sum fasciculato-spinulosis fere 4-plo superatis, phyllis
intimis ultra medium connatis apice laceris, receptaculo
partiali nudo, corolla longe exserta, antherarum aurieulis
leviter fimbriatis, achæniis involucri phylla intima semi-
equantibus pilosis, pappi setis basi connatis.

Hab. Hillside at Burumba. Fl. July, 377.

Folia adusque 40:0 cm. long. (summa multo breviora) et
10-0 em. lat.; segmenta intermedia 6:5-8'0 cm. long.,
horum lobi triangulares, fere 2:0 em. long.; segmenta
summa et infima 1:0-2:5 cm. long.: rhachis communis
l'0 em. lat. Capitulorum glomeruli 7:0-8'0 em. diam.
Receptaculum commune vix 15 em. alt. Involucri
partialis sete 0'6 cm. long.; phylla perpauca extima szepe
apice debiliter fasciculato-spinulosa 1:1-1°5 cm., phylla
interiora 2:3 em. long., ad 0°8 em. infra apicem spinulifera ;
phylla intima 1:9 em. long., horum pars libera 0°6-0°7 em.
long. Achenia 1'0 cm., pappus 0°12 em. long.

Near E. giganteus, A. Rich., and E. chamecephalus, Hochst.,
but easily distinguished from both by the different lobing of the
leaves and the very short involucral setæ.

PERDICIUM ABYSSINICUM, Hiern, Welw. Cat. i. 615.
Mulema. Fl. April, 201.
Distrib. Common in Tropical Africa.

Soxcaus BIPONTINI, Aschers. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Æthiop.
160; var. PINNATIFIDUS, Oliver § Hiern.
Ruchigga. Fl. November, 458.
Distrib. (of species). Nile Land, Mozambique District.

CAMPANULACES.
LOBELIA FERVENS, Thunb. Fl. Cap. n. 46.
Shore of Lake Victoria Nyanza at Mbazi. Fl. March, 574.
Distrib. Mozambique District. Also in South Africa and
Mascarene Islands.

176 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

Logetita GrsaEROA, Hemsl. in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. ni. 465.
Ruchigga at 7100-7200 feet. Fl. January, 436. “ Only
two specimens were seen in flower. The spike measured
5 feet 10 inches in length. Petals light yellow with a
green tinge and satiny sheen."
Distrib. Nile Land (Abyssinia).
LIGHTFOOTIA COLLOMIOIDES, A. DO. in Ann. Sc. Nat. sér. V. vi.
(1866) 328.
Hill-top near Mulema and at Ruchigga. Fl. June, 335 & 408.
Distrib. Lower Guinea.

L. KAGERENSIS, 8p. nov.

L. herbacea caule debili angulato piloso-puberulo ramulos
paucos prolixos patentes sat graciles seabride puberulos
emittente, folis sessilibus graminoideis linearibus apice
apiculatis apiculo interdum curvato margine albo denticulis
sparsis minutis atris onusto chartaceis subtus hispidulo-
pilosis, floribus in panieulis elongatis spicas mentientibus
ramulos terminantibus dispositis ramulis seeundi ordinis
perbrevibus folia parvula gerentibus suffultis, bracteis
subulatis calyce brevioribus, pedicellis quam calyx
brevioribus, calycis tubo henvispherico hispidulo lobis tri-
angulari-deltoideis integerrimis glabris equilongo, corollæ
lobis ealycinos plus quam duplo excedentibus anguste
linearibus dilute cæruleis margine ciliolatis, ovario
1-supero, stigmate trifido, capsula vertice conica 3-valvi.

Hab. Hill near mouth of the Kagera. Fl. February, 566.

Radix sat tenuis, sparsim fibrilliferus. Fola 2:5-10 em.
long. (superiora cirea 1'5 em.), Ol em. raro 02 em. lat.
Inflorescentiæ circa 20:0 cm. long. Ramuli florigeri
sepissime 01-02 em. long. Folia floralia circa 05. em.,
braetee summum 02 em. long. Calycis tubus ut lobi
0:2em.long. Corolle lobi 0'45 em. long. Stylus 03 em.
long., superne incrassatus. Stigmatis lobi 0-05 em. long.
Capsula tota 0*3 em., pars libera 0:15 em., valve 0707 em. long.

Differs from L. marginata, A. DC., chiefly in laxer habit,
much narrower and relatively longer grass-like leaves, and more
laxly arranged flowers with different floral leaves.

ERICACES.
Puirria Horsti, Engler, Rflanzenwelt Ost-Afr. C. 302.
Ruchigga. Fl. November, 434.
Distrib. Mozambique District (Usambara).

SPENCER MOORE! GAMOPETAL.E. 177

PrnuwBAGINEX.

PLUMBAGO ZEYLANICA, Linn. Sp. PI. 151.
Kagera Valley near Mulema. Fl. May, 278.
Native name *Nkira." “The roots are eaten for gonorrhea.”
Widely distributed through tropies of the Old World.

MynsINE FX.

Masa RUFESCENS, A. DC. in DO. Prod. viii. Si.
Musozi. Fl. & Fr. December, 60.
Distrib. South Central, Mozambique District, Upper and
Lower Guinea. Also in South Africa.
Native name * Kyawondowango.” “The unripe fruits
are pounded, dried, mixed With cow's fat and used
as an application for iteh.”

SAPOTACEAE.

MIMUSOPS PROPINQUA, sp. nov.

M. arborea ramis bene foliosis glabris griseis longitrorsum
rimosis, foliis petiolatis obovato-oblongis obtusissimis basi
cuneatis in sicco griseis supra glabris subtus pallidioribus
et minutissime lepidotistenuiter coriaceis costis seeundariis
numerosis parum perspicuis, floribus 3-meris peduneulatis
axillaribus vel exaxillaribus solitariis vel umbellatis, alabas-
tris acutis, calycis lobis anguste ovato-oblongis una cum
peduneuli parte superiori minutissime fulvo-pubeseentibus,
corolle albe lobis 18 linearibus obtusis integris,
staminibus 6, staminodiis lineari-oblongis sursum laceris
quam stamina paullo brevioribus, ovario globoso minute
pubescente, stylo longiusculo glabro.

Hab. Shore of Lake Victoria Nyanza at Musozi. Fl.
January, 76.

Foliorum lamina 6:0-10*0 em. x 3:5-5:0 em.; costa media
supra impressa subtus eminens; petiolus 10-155 em. long.,
supra sulcatus. Pedunculi 0:5-077 cm., alabastra 0*6 em.
long. Calycis lobi 076 em. long., grisei. Corolle tubus
02 cem., lobi 0*4 em. long. Filamenta 0:35 cm., anthers
03 em. long. Staminodia 0'3 em. long., horum pars
indivisa circa 02 em. long. Stylus validus, parum curvatus,
0'6 cm. long.

178 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

Nearest M. lacera, Baker, which has long-pedicelled flowers, a
shorter calyx, and differently shaped staminodes.

Dr. Bagshawe notes this as being “ a tree 13 feet in circumfer-
ence at 5 feet from the ground." Its native name is “ Mukunya."
The fruit is eaten.

CHRYSOPHYLLUM STUHLMANNI, Engler, Pflanzenwelt Ost-Afr.
C. 306.
Musozi and Buvúma Island. Fl. December & January, Fr.
March. 68, 88, 667.
Native name * Mukarata," “ A large tree commencing to
branch low down. Flowers greenish ; fruit eaten."
Distrib. Mozambique District.

OLEACE®.

Jasminum DICHOTOMUM, Vahl, Symb. i. 26.
Shore of lake at Musozi, and on Buvüma Island. Fl.
January & March, 98 & 608.
Distrib. Upper and Lower Guinea.

J. RADCLIFFEI, sp. nov.

J. fruticosum erebro ramosum ramis sat validis teretibus
cinereis vel brunnescentibus glabris, ramulis tenuibus
bene foliosis patule pubescentibus, foliis oppositis brevi-
petiolatis ovatis acutis obtusisve nonnunquam obtusissimis
basi rotundatis firme membranaceis utrinque preter
pilos in costa centrali et axillis fae. inf. hirsutis glabris
margine ciliatis, petiolis pubescentibus, eymis plurifloris
bracteatis pubescentibus axillaribus et terminalibus quam
folia seepius brevioribus, floribus brevipeduneulatis, calycis
tubosubeampanulato lobis 5-6 subulatis sequilongo, corollze
albe tubo tenui elongato quam lobi 7 lanceolati obtusi
duplo longiore.

Hab. Kagera Valley, near Mulema. Fl. May, 254.

Folia nune 4:5-5:5 x 2:2-3:0 cm., nune modo 220-25 x L:3-1:6
cm., subtus pallidiora; costæ seeundarie utrinque 4-5,
leviter arcuate, juxta marginem inter se anastomosantes ;
petioli 03 em. long. Bracteæ summum 0:5 cm., pedunculi
02-06 em. long, hi compressiusculi, Calycis tubus
0:25 em. long., 0'2 em. diam. ; lobi 0°22 cm. long. Corolle
glabris, suaveoleutes ; tubus superne levissime ampliatus,

SPENCER MOORE: GAMOPETALJ. 179

2:0-2:2 cm., lobi 1:0 em. long. Filamenta O'L cm.,
antherz leviter curvate, 0'3 cm. long. Stylus brevis,
inclusus, parum clavellatus, superne pubescens. Stigma
bifidum.
Evidently near J. Emini, Gilg, a plant known to me only by
description, which indicates a different indument and corollas.
The native name is * Nkanga nyonza."

JASMINUM BLANDUM, Sp. nov.

Suffrutex prostratus ramulis copiose foliosis crispe pubes-
centibus, folis oppositis petiolatis trifoliatis foliolis
lateralibus petiolulis quam se ipsa manifeste brevioribus
fultis omnibus parvis lanceolatis vel lanceolato-ovatis basin
versus angustatis apice breviter acuminatis vel incurvo-
uncinulatis chartaceis puberulis, cymis terminalibus vel
axillaribus plurifloris folia subequantibus pubescentibus,
bracteis subulato-linearibus quam pedunculi longioribus,
calycis pubescentis tubo subcampanulato lobis triangulari-
subulatis quam tubus multo brevioribus, corolle glabræ
tubo elongato tenui superne levissime dilatato lobis 6
oblongis obtusis quam tubus paullo brevioribus.

Hab. Below Ruchigga. Fl. December, 500.

Foliola 1:5-2:5 em. long., 0°7-1°5 em. lat.; costa secundarie
pauce, obscure; petioluli laterales 03—0:5 cm., terminalis
0:5-1:0 em. long., pubescentes. Bractes + 0:3 em. long.
Pedunculi cirea 02 em.long. Calycis tubus 0:32 em. long.,
0'3 em. diam.; lobi O'L em. long. Corolle tubus 1:5-2:0
em. long. ; lobi 1:2 em. long. Antherz apice acuminate,
0*5 em. long. Stylus exsertus, sursum leviter incrassatus.
Stigma crassum, breviter bifidum.

To be inserted next J. mauritianum, Bojer, from which the
small lanceolate leaflets, narrowed at the base, serve at once to
distinguish it. There are also differences in the flowers of the
two.

APOCYNACER.

Pacouria OWARIENSIS, Hiern, Welw. Cat. i. 661.
Shore of Lake Victoria Nyanza at Mutunda. Fl. March,

583.
Distrib. Nile Land, Upper and Lower Guinea, South
Central,

LINN. JOURN —BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII. O

180 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

PacovniA Pererstana, S. Moore, var. SCHWEINFURTHIANA.
(Landolphia Petersiana, Dyer, var. Schweinfurthiana, Stapf.
Near Mulema. Fl. April, 205.
Native name * Rasanda.”
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District.

Criranpra CYMULOSA, Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 445.
Wema Island. Fl. March, 593.
Distrib. Upper Guinea.

CARANDAS EDULIS, Hiern, Welw. Cat. 1. 664.
Mulema, Ruchigga, and Buvima Island. Fl. March, April,
November, 204, 430, 665.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District, Upper and
Lower Guinea.

RavworrrA VOMITORIA, Afz. Stirp. Guin. Med. Sp. Nov. 1.
Buvüma Island. Fl. March, 645.
Distrib. Mozambique Distriet, South Central, Upper and
Lower Guinea.

VoacanGa OBTUSA, K. Schum. in Engl. § Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
IV. ii. 149.
In marshy forest at Musozi. Fl. January, 82 & 131.
Native name * Mutengo.” “ Wood used to make handles
for tools."
Distrib. Nile Land, South Central, Upper and Lower
Guinea.

STROPHANTHUS HISPIDUS, DC. in Bull. Soc. Philom. iii. (1802)
123.
Shore of Lake Victoria Nyanza at Musozi, also Mutunda.
Fl. March. Fr. January, 128, 585.
Distrib. South Central, Upper and Lower Guinea.

S. BractEatts, Franch. in Journ. de Bot. vi. (1893) 324.
Buytma Island. Fl. March, 611.
Distrib. Lower Guinea.

B. RADCLIFEET, sp. nov.

S. seandens, glaber, ramulis teretibus gracilibus, foliis oppo-
sitis parvis brevipetiolatis lanceolato-oblongis acutis vel
cuspidato-acuminatis basi obtusis membranaceis costis
secundariis utrinque cirea 8 utrobique planis delicatulis,

SPENCER MOORE: GAMOPETAL.E. 181

floribus ad normam generis parvis in corymbis paucifloris
ramulos breves pusillifoliatos coronantibus dispositis,
pedicellis calyce longioribus, calycis lobis parvis ovato-
lanceolatis acutis, corolle tubo calycem paullulum
excedente juxta medium antherifero infra os squamis 5
trilobis onusto lobis oblongis sursum leviter ac gradatim
attenuatis tubum 4-plo excedentibus, antheris triangulari-
lanceolatis breviter sagittatis.

Hab. Shore of Lake Victoria Nyanza at Mutunda. Fl.
March, 589.

Folia modice 3:5-45 em. long., 1:5-2-0 em. lat. ; petioli 0'5-
O'7 em. long. Ramuli florigeri summum 2°5 em. long.
Pedicelli + 1:0 em. long. Flores lutei. Calyx humee-
tatus 0'4 em. long., intus pluriglandulosus. Corolle tubus
045 em. long., 03 em. diam.; lobi 1'8 em. long., basi
0'25 cm., apicem versus O'L em. lat., aliquantulum torti;
squame ad 0'15 cm. infra os inserts, Òl em. long.
Anthere 0:17 em. long.

Known readily by the small leaves, the small flowers with short
tips, the 5 trilobed squame inserted a short way down the tube
instead of at the mouth, &c.

ALAFIA GRANDIS, Stapf, in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. iv. 196.
Buvüma Island. Fl. & Fr. March, 597.
Distrib. Upper Guinea.

A. SCHUMANNII, Stapf, l. c. 197.
Buvüma Island. Fl. March, 640.
Distrib. Upper Guinea.

A. LANDOLPHIOIDES, A. Schum. in Engl. § Prantl, Pfanzenfam.
IV. ii. 165.
Buvüma Island. Fl. March, 651.
Distrib. Upper Guinea.

A. LUCIDA, Stapf, in Kew Bull. (1894) 122.
Shore of Lake Victoria Nyanza at Musozi. Fl. January, 94.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique, Upper and Lower Guinea.

A. CLUSIOIDES, 8p. nov.
A. scandens, crebro ramosa, glabra, ramulis cinereis sursum
foliosis, foliis lanceolato-oblongis apice cuspidatis necnon
obtusis basi in petiolum brevem angustatis coriaceis nitidis

9

182

BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

supra in sicco castaneis subtus pallidioribus costis secun-
dariis numerosis approximatis, floribus in evmis brevibus
paueifloris digestis, pedicellis elongatis gracilibus, calycis
lobis oblongis obtusis margine ciliolatis et angustissime
membranaceis, eorollis flavis ore rubro contraeto tubo
anguste ovoideo infra staminum insertionem dense pubes-
cente sursum transversim rugato lobis tubum bene
excedentibus obovatis obtusissimis supra glanduloso-
pubescentibus marginibus involutis glanduloso-ciliatis,
antherarum cono omnino incluso.

Hab. Buvúma Island, Lake Victoria Nyanza. Fl. March,

620.

Folia modice circa 5'0 em. long., et fere 2*0 em. lat.; costæ

secundariæ utrinque circiter 20, fac. sup. plans et
parum aspectabiles, fac. inf. ut costa centralis eminentes;
costulæ laxe reticulate ; petioli 03-075 em. long., sursum
sulcati. Pedunculi 05-2-0 em. long. Cymæ solemniter
4—5-floree, cirea 30 em. diam. Bractexw lanceolate, 0:1—
0'2 em. long. Pedicelli modici 1'0 em. long. — Calycis
lobi 0°22 em. long.; glandule calycine ovate, 0-06 cm.
long. Corolle tubus 0'6 em. long., ima basi 0:18 em. juxta
medium 0:25 em. lat.; os 0°72 em. diam.; lobi 1'3 cm.
loug. Ovarium pubescens. Stylus clavatus, 02 cm.,
stigma 0:1 em. long.

Easily recognised by the small leaves with numerous secondary
nerves and the corollas with lobes considerably longer than the

tube.

BaissEA TENUILOBA, Stapf, in Kew Bull. (1894) 124.

Shore of Lake Victoria Nyanza at Mutunda. — Fl. March,

584.

Distrib. Upper Guinea.

ASCLEPIADE.E.

SECAMONE PLATYSTIGMA, A. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. (1898)

143.

Shore of Lake Victoria Nyanza at Mbazi. Fl. February,

557 & 508.

Distrib. Nile Land, Lower Guinea.

S. PHILLYREOIDES, sp. nov.

S. ramulis gracilibus copiose foliosis fulvo-pubescentibus,

SPENCER MOORE: GAMOPETAL.E. 183

foliis parvis brevipetiolatis oblongis ‘vel oblongo-
lanceolatis obtuse acutis vel brevissime cuspidulatis basi
obtusis coriaceis utrinque (sed precipue subtus) pubes-
centibus dein glabrescentibus, cymis patulis plurifloris
compositis folia equantibus vel quam ea brevioribus fulvo-
pubescentibus, calycis lobis late ovatis obtusissimis extus
rufo-pubescentibus, coroll: subalte partite lobis obovato-
oblongis obtusis albo-marginatis intus prope basin
bilamellatis, corone phyllis parvis subulatis quam
gynostegium dimidio brevioribus, stylo antheris equilongo
apice subplano.

Hab. Gorge near Mulema. Fl. May, 283.

Folia modice 2:0 em. long. (pauca majora 2:5 em.) et 0'8-
LO em. lat.; petioli 0:2 em. long.; coste fae. sup.
impressie, costa media fac. inf. eminens, coste seeundarice
plane; lamina glandulis pellueidis difficile pervisis
instructa. Cyme L:5-2*0 em. diam. Pedicelli plerumque
0:3-0'4 cm. long.; bracteæ fere O*l em. Flores sec. el.
detectorem virescentes, 0°25 em. diam. Calycis lobi ægre
O'l em. long. Corolle lobi extra puberuli, 0:12 em.
(tubus 0:05 em.) long. Coron phylla 0°04 em., gyno-
stegium 0°08 em. long.

To be inserted between 5. Whytei, N. E. Br., and S. Stuhlmann,
K. Schum., having, roughly speaking, the leaves of the latter and
the former's open inflorescences. The inflorescences of S. Whytei
are still more open, with longer pedicels to the flowers, its corolla
has a longer tube relatively to the limb, the coronal lobes are as
long as the gynostege, and the style is exserted far beyond the
anthers. Besides its compact cymes, S. Stuhlmanni has oblong
calyx-lobes, corollas divided nearly to the base, and the style
slightly exceeding the gynostege.

SECAMONE RARIFLORA, 8p. nov.

S. ramulis gracilibus bene foliosis fulvo-pubescentibus, foliis
parvissubsessilibus oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis brevissimeve
cuspidulato-apiculatis basi rotundatis coriaceo-membran-
aceis fac. inf. primo pubescentibus vel saltem puberulis
deinde glabris, cymis apertis paucifloris quam folia
sepissime brevioribus hujus ramulis maxime divaricatis
fulvo-pubescentibus, pedicellis abbreviatis, calycis lobis
laneeolato-oblongis obtusis puberulis, coroll: alte partite
lobis late oblongis obtusis quam calycis lobi duplo longi-

184 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

oribus, corone phyllis gynostegio insigniter brevioribus
subulatis paullulum ineurvis, stylo bene exserto apice
transversim sulcato.

Hab. Island of Buvüma, Lake Victoria Nyanza. Fl.
March, 646.

Folia 1:5-2:0 em. long., 0°7-0°8 em. lat.; coste supra plane,
subtus paullo eminentes; petioli 01 em. long. Cyme
circa 1:0-2-0 cm. diam., ejus ramuli divaricantes sepissime
circiter 0-5 em. long. Braetez ovato-oblongs, 0'08 em.
long. Flores ex schedis lutescentes. Calycis lobi fere
1:0 em. long. Corolle lobi 0-2 em. long. ; tubus 0°05 cm.
long. Gynostegium 0*1 em., eoronz phylla 0*03 cm. long.
Stylus quam gynostegium 0:03 em. longior.

Near the last, but with subsessile leaves rotundate at base,
quite different inflorescences, corollas with longer aud relatively
more deeply divided lobes and exserted styles.

ScH1ZOGLOssUM PrrHERICKIANUM, Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc.
xxix. (1873) 109; var. CORDATA, var. nov. A typo differt
ob folia latiora basi eordata, cymas pedicellatas, flores
paullo majores, calycis lacinias longiores (0'8 cm. long.),
corone phylla gynostegio fere equilonga.

lrunga. Fl. November, 394 B.
Distrib. (of type). Central Lake District.
Possibly a distinct species.

ASCLEPIAS GLAUCOPHYLLA, Schlechter, in Journ. Bot. xxxiv.
(1896) 455.
Hillside, Mulema. Fl. & Fr. April, 231.
Distrib. Mozambique District (Rhodesia). Also in South
Atrica.
À. DENTICULATA, Schlechter, in Journ. Bot. xxxiii. (1895) 334.
Near the Rufüa. Fl. December, 517.
Distrib. Nile Land, South Central, Lower Guinea.

A. Purrnresrs, N. E. Br. in Kew Bull. (1895) 219.
Below Ruchigga, 5,000 ft. Fl. December, 522.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District (Usambara).
A. MACRANTHA, Hochst. in Flora, xxvii. (1544) 101.
Hillside at Mulema. Fi. April, 249.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District.

SPENCER MOORE : GAMOPETAL. 185

PENTARRHINUM INSIPIDUM, E. Mey. Comm. 200.
Near Mulema. Fl. April, 220.
Native name “ Ukobobo." “ Leaves boiled and taken as a
medicine for fever."
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District, Lower Guinea.

SARCOSTEMMA VIMINALE, R. Br. in Mem. Wern. Soc. i. (1809)
5l.
Near Mulema and near Kikobe. Fl. March, May, 183, 302.
Native names * Kiyengeyenge" and * Kakonya." “ The
plant is eaten raw by women with babies if thev lose
their milk, in the belief that this will bring it back.”
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique, Upper aud Lower Guinea.

DxwrA EXTENSA, R. Br. in Mem. Wern. Soc. i. (1809) 50.
Kagera Valley, near Mulema. FI. May, 258.
Widely distributed through the Old World tropies.

CYNANCHUM ARYSSINICUM, Decne. in DC. Prod. vii. 548; var.
TOMENTOSUM, Oliver.
Ruchigga. Fl. November, 437.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District (Northern part).

TxroPHonA conspicua, N. E. Br. in Kew Bull. (1895) 258.
Mutunda, on shore of Lake Victoria Nyanza. Fl. March,
580.
Distrib. Upper and Lower Guinea.

MansDENIA ANGOLENSIS, JV. E. Br. in Kew Bull. (1895) 258.
Island of Buvüma. Fl. March, 644.
Distrib. Lower Guinea.

CEROPEGIA TENUISSIMA, 8p. Nov.

C. caule volubili aliquauto complanato gracili glabro, foliis
sessilibus angustissime linearibus acutis crassiusculis
glabris, eymis axillaribus subsessilibus sessilibusve pauci-
floris, floribus parvis pedicellatis glabris viridibus, calycis
lobis lineari - lanceolatis acutis, corollis rectis adusque
1 divisis tubo deorsum inflato sursum constricto intus
glabro lobis apice connatis anguste linearibus, corona
exteriori eupulari ore dentato corone interioris phyllis
ligulatis erectis gynostegium longe excedentibus.

Hab. Near Mulema. Fl. April, 254.

Folia adusque 5'0 em. long., sepe vero breviora, circa O'l

186 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

em. lat. Pedicelli 0*2-0:5 em. long., glabri. Bractex
subulatie, summum 0:2 em. long. Calycis lobi 03-045
em. long. Corolle tubus humeetatus 1:2 em. long.,
inferne 04 em. superne vix 0-2 em. lat. ; lobi 1'1 em. long.,
basi 0°12 em. lat, superne undulati et 0:05 em. lat.
Corona exterior 0°04 em., phylla interiora 0-17 em. long.
Habit much that of C. debilis, N. E. Br., but flowers quite
different.

TENARIS ROSTRATA, JN. E. Br. in Gard. Chron. N.S. xxiv. (1885)
Hillside, Mulema and at Ruchigga. Fl. May, November,
272. 435.
Distrib. Mozambique Distriet.

LoGANIACEEX.

Nuxria coxGEsTA, R. Br. ex Fresen. in Flora, xxi. (1838) 606.
Irunga and Ruchigga. Fl. November, December, 392 & 465.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District, Upper Guinea.

ANTHOCLEISTA INERMIS, Engler, in Engler, Jahrb. xvii. (1896)
579.
Hillside, Musozi. Fl. & Fr. January, 122.
Distrib. Lower Guinea,

A. INSULANA, sp. nov.

Arbor inermis, glabra, foliis oblanceolato-obovatis apice rotun-
datissimis basi in petiolum brevem longissime attenuatis
ibique breviter auriculatis auriculis inter se liberis margine
subobsolete crenulatis chartaceis castaneis subtus pallidi-
oribus costa media utrinque eminente costis secundariis
circa 12 distantibus haud parallelis subtus prominentiori-
bus costulis fere evanidis aperte reticulatis, inflorescentia
pauciflora quam folia multo breviore dichasiis bis divisis
horum ramis ancipitibus transversim rugosis, pedieellis
quam calyces longioribus vel brevioribus, bracteis
alabastris anguste conicis, calycis lobis latissimis integris
interioribus exteriores paullulum superantibus, corolle
albz tubo sursum gradatim dilatato calycem plus quam
duplo excedente crasso lobis 10-12 lineari-oblanceolatis
quam tubus paullo longioribus, antheris filamentorum

SPENCER MOORE: GAMOPETALE. 187

tubum excedentibus, stylo incluso, stigma subeapitato
breviter bifido, bacca ovidea 4-loculari.

Hab. Buvüma Island, Lake Victoria Nyanza. Fl. March,
638.

Folia ultima 20:0-27:0 em. long. 7:0-10'0 em. lat., juxta
basin adusque 0°5 em. gradatim imminuta ; petioli circa
9'0 em. long. ; auricule summum 0°5 em. lat. Inflores-
centia circa 120 em. long. Pedunculi 0°5-1°5 em. long.
Calyx 0'8 em. diam.; lobi exteriores 0'9 cm., interiores
l'O em. long. Alabastra 0'G cm. diam. Corolle tubus
22 em. long. basi 0:5 em. faucibus 1:1 em. lat.; lobi
2:5 em. long., 0*6 em. lat. Filamentorum tubus 0'4 em.
anthere 0'7 cm. long. Stylus 2:0 cm. long. Stigma
0'3 em. diam. Bacca 2:0 cm. long., 1:5 em. diam.

I have been unable to allocate this to any of the rather
numerous species already described. The chief points by which
it may be recognised are the absence of spines, the leaves
narrowing into the petiole for a considerable part of their length,
the few non-parallel lateral nerves of those organs, the short
inflorescence, the longish corolla-tube exceeded in length by the
10-12 linear-oblanceolate lobes, and the short style.

GENTIANE.E.
PARASTA GRANDIS, Hiern, Welw. Cat. i. 707.
Hill near the Rufüa. Fl. January, 549.
Distrib. Nile Land. Mozambique District, Lower Guinea.
Also South Afriea.

BORRAGINE.E.
EnnETIA ANGOLENSIS, Baker, in Kew Bull. (1894) 29.
Irunga. Fl. November, 386.
Distrib. Lower Guinea.

CYNOGLOSSUM MICRANTHUM, Desf. Tabl. ed. I. 220.
Near Mulema. FI. & Fr. June, 359.
Distrib. Occurs throughout Tropical Africa. Also in South
Africa and Asia.

C. LANCEOLATUM, Forsk. Fl. ZEgypt.- Arab. A1.
Ruchigga, where it is common on ground which has gone
out of cultivation. Fl. November, 431.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique, Lower Guinea. Also
Cape and Arabia and India.

188 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

SOLANACEEX.

SOLANUM HASTIFOLIUM, Hochst. ex Dunal, in DC. Prod. xiii. 1.
284.
Kagera Valley near Mulema. Fl. & Fr. May, 280.
* Roots given to babies to stop their crying."
Distrib. Nile Land.

S. NAKURENSE, C. H. Wright, in Kew Bull. (1897) 275.
Ruchigga and Mbazi. FL March, November, 432 & 573.
Flowers white.
Distrib. Central Lake District.

Discopopium PENNINERVIUM, Hochst. in Flora, xxvii. (1844) 22.
Ruchigga. Fl. December, 467.
Distrib. Nile Land.

PHYSALOIDES soMNIFERA, Moench, Meth. 473.
Near Rufüa River. Fl. December, 539.
Distributed widely through the Old World.

CONVOLVULACE.

(By A. B. RENprz, D.Sc., F.L.5.)

Ipoma@a Wiamurrr, Choisy, in DC. Prod. ix. 304.
Near Mulema. Fl. June, 362.
* Twining plant with red flowers."
Distrib. East Tropical Atrica from Uganda to Rhodesia.
Also in South Africa, Madagascar, aud Tropical Asia.

I. INVOLUCRATA, Beauv. Fl. Owar. ii. 52, t. 89.
Ruchigga, 7000 ft. “Twining plant with violet-pink flowers.”
Fl. December, 527. Musozi. Fl. December, 9.
Distrib. Common in Tropical Africa.

I. PALMATA, Forsk. Fl. Æygypt.-Arab. 43.
Lake shore, Musozi. Wl. December, 15.
Distrib. Common in Tropical Afriea and throughout ,the
tropies.

LEPIstEMON AFRICANUM, Oliver, in Hook. Icon. t. 1970.
Uganda, coast of Victoria Nyanza. Fl. February, 569.
Distrib. Widely spread in Tropical Africa.

SPENCER MOORE! GAMOPETALE, 189

HewrrTIA BICOLOR, Wight § Arn. in Madr. Journ. Lit. & Sei.
v. (1837) 22.
Mouth of Kagera River. Fl. December, 31.
Distrib. Widely spread in Tropical Africa. Also in Natal
and Tropical Asia.

EvorvuLUs ALsiNOIDES, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. IT. 392.
Roadside, Mulema. Fl. May, 318.
Native name “ Namugioruk."
Distrib. A common tropical weed.

SCROPHULARINE.

CELSIA BREVIPEDICELLATA, Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr.
376.
Ruchigga. Fl. November, 409.
Distrib, Nile Land (South-east).

Dovatrium DORTMANNA, sp. nov.

D. glabrum, caule gracili elato simplici, foliis radicalibus
parvulis oblongo-ovatis obtusis sessilibus, foliis caulinis
ininimis ovatis obtusis per paria distantia insertis, floribus
stricte racemosis breviter pedicellatis, calycis parvi cam-
panulati lobis brevibus late oblongis obtusis, corolla tubo
anguste eylindrieo quam calyx triplo longiore sub limbo
paullulum dilatato necnon curvato limbi labiis late ovatis
labio antieo quam postieum integrum 24-plo longiore,
antherarum loculis inter se :equalibus ciliolatis.

-Hab. Iu tufts in water at the edge of a pool on the
roadside at Mulema. Fl. May, 315.

Planta 20'0 em. alt. Folia radicalia cirea 0-7 em. long. et
0'3 cm. lat.; caulina 0'15 cm. long. Internodia sepissime
2:0-40 cm. long. Flores cyanei. Pedicelli florum pro-
fecto evolutorum 0'5-0'6 cm. long. Calyx totus 0°35 em.,
lobi 0'13 em. long. Corolle tubus 1:2 em. long., 0-12 em.
diam. Labium posticum 0'25x0:3 em.; antici lobus
intermedius 06x04 cm., lobi laterales 0'3 em. long.
Ovarium ovoideum, vix 0'2 cm. long. Stylus L:0 em.
long.

Differs from D. senegalense, Benth., which it greatly resembles
in habit, infer alia in the strictly racemose inflorescence, the
larger calyx, aud narrowly cylindrical corolla-tube. In this latter
character it matches D. stachytarphetoides, Engl. & Gilg, which,

190 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

however, is a plant of coarser growth with much larger radical
leaves, a paniculate inflorescence, and the calyx and corolla in
several respects different.

CRATEROSTIGMA PLANTAGINEUM, Hechst. in Flora, xxiv. (1841)
669.
Near the Rufúa. Fl. December, 519.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique, Lower Guinea. Also in
South Afriea.

ILYSANTHES ANDONGENSIS, Hiern, Welw. Cat. i. 765.
Near the Rufüa, growing in short turf on rock with Cratero-
stigma plantagineum, Hochst. Fl. December, 519 A.
Distrib. Lower Guinea.

BUCHNERA PULCHRA, Skan, MSS. in Herb. Kew.; caule robusto
erecto sursum parum ramoso fere a basi folioso seabride
pubescente demum scabro, foliis sessilibus oblongis vel
oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis trinervibus scaberrimis, spicis
multifloris subglobosis, bracteis oblongis superne angus-
tatis calycem zquantibus, bracteolis linearibus sursum
maxime attenuatis a bracteis bene superatis ut bractex
et ealyces hispide pubescentibus, calycis 10-nervosi lobis
lineari-subulatis quam tubus 3-plo brevioribus, corollæ
tubo recto calycem paullo excedente limbi lobis amplis
anguste obovatis.

Hab. Ruchigga. Fl. December, 402.

Planta fere metrahs (85 cm. alt.) Folia inferiora 4'0-
5:0 em. x 0'0-1-1 cm., superiora. 3°0-4°0 cm. x 05-077 cm.
Spice 1:5-22 em. long. cirea 1:5 em. lat. Bracteæ
1:0 cm., bracteole 0:75 em. long. Calyx totus vix 1:0 em.
long, ima basi 0°15. em. superne 0°22 em. lat. ; lobi
0:25 em. long. Corolle tubus longitrorsum eminenter

5-striatus, 1:2 em. long.,

faucibus 0'3 em. diam.; lobi
O06 em. long. Ovarium anguste ovoideum, glabrum,
0:12 em. long. Capsula .

Known inter alia by the globose spikes with bracts equalling

the calyx in length and bracteoles somewhat smaller.

STRIGA ELEGANS, Benth. in Comp. Bot. Mag. i. (1835) 363.
Below Ruchigga, at 5000 ft. Fl. December, 495.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District, Lower Guinea.
Also in South Africa.

SPENCER MOORE: GAMOPETALZ. 191

STRIGA CANESCENS, Engler, Pflanzenwelt Ost-Afr. C. 361.
Near Mulema and at Irunga. FI. June, November, 330 &
394 C.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District, Upper and
Lower Guinea.

RuawPHrcARPA Hever, Hochst. ex Schweinf. Beitr. Fl.
Aithiop. 100.
Mulema. FI. April, 230.
Distrib. Nile Land.

CYCNIUM ADOENSE, E. Mey. ev Benth. in Comp. Bot. Mag. i.
(1835) 363.
Hillside at Mulema. Fl. April, 229.
Distrib. Mozambique District, Lower Guinea. Also in
South Africa.

SoPUBEA RAMOSA, Hochst. in Flora, xxvii. (1844) 27.
Mulema and Ruchigga. Fl. April, December, 240 & 529 A.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District, Upper and Lower

Guinea.

S. KARAGUENSIS, Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. (1873) 123.
Kagera Valley near Mulema. Fl. May, 298.
Native name *Nyakocha." “The leaves are eaten for
syphilis.”
Distrib. Central Lake District.

S. CONFERTA, sp. nov.

S. stricta, caulibus simplicibus angularibus inter angulas
breviter griseo-villosulo-tomentosis mox glabris, foliis con-
fertis quasiverticillatis anguste linearibus acutis chartaceis
primo aliquantulum araneosis cito glabris, floribus sessilibus
in spiea densa terminali late oblonga dispositis, braeteis
lineari-laneeolatis acutis quam alabastra subspheroidea
longioribus margine dense villoso-lanatis, calycis dense
lanati lobis triangulari-deltoideis acutis quam tubus paul-
lulum brevioribus, corolle& mediocris lobis ovatis tubo
brevioribus, antheris per paria cohrentibus, capsula
ovoidea sursum compressa apice rostrata,

Hab. Ruchigga, 6500-7000 feet. FI. December, 529.

Planta fere adusque 40-0 em. alt. Folia 1:5-2*0 em. long.,
et O'1-0:15 em. lat., patula. Spica maxima nondum
omnino evoluta 5*0 em. long. Bractew circa 1:0 em. long.

192 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

et 0°25 em. lat. Calycis tubus 0'4 em. long., cirea 0:5 em.
diam. ; lobi 0:3 em. long. Corolle dilute punice: ; tubus
leviter curvatus, 07 em. long., 02 cm. lat. Antheræ
03 em. long. Capsula 0'45 em. long. 0°3 cm. lat.,
glabra.
A very distinct species, recognized at once by its narrow
erowded leaves together with the very dense spikes of sessile
flowers.

SOPUBEA UGANDENSIS, 8p. nov.

S.eaulibus strictis validis deorsum simplieibus sursum ramosis
e radice sat robusto oriundis, ramulis ereberrime foliosis
patentibus, foliis quasiverticillatis sessilibus cirea adusque
medium trifidis raro bifidis integrisve uti segmenta an-
guste linearibus obtusiusculis margine involutis scabridis,
floribus sessilibus in spiea densa terminali cylindrica dis-
positis, bracteis inferne dilatatis et concavis superne tri-
fidis summis integris flores longe excedentibus segmentis
linearibus, bracteolis ovato-spathulatis obtusis juxta
medium subito ampliatis igitur unguiculatis, calycis lobis
ovato-lanceolatis aeuminatis ciliatis quam tubus superne
transversim rugulatus longioribus, antheris mox liberis,
capsula ovoidea apice compressiuscula retusa.

Hab. Below Ruchigga. Fl. December, 502.

Planta fere 30:0 cm. alt. Caules 0:3-0-4 cm. diam., sub-
teretes, secus lineas latas pubescentes ceterum glabri.
Hamuli absque inflorescentia usque ad 5:0 em. long.
Folia ima basi paullulum dilatata, modice 1:0-2:0 em.
long.; segmenta 0:5-1:5 em. long., vix O'l cm. lat. Spice
complete evolutz, 5'0 em. long. 1'5 em. diam. Bractee
circa 1:0 em. long., inferne 0°45 em. lat.; harum segmenta
O'l em. lat., + 07 em. long. Bracteole 0*6 em. long.;
unguis O'l cm., lamina 0:3 em. lat. Flores rubri. Calycis
tubus circa O4 cm., lobi 05 em. long. Corolle
tubus sursum leviter et gradatim dilatatus, 0:6 em.
long.; lobi latissime obovati, 0-4 em. long. Anthere
02 cm. long. Capsula vix 0'5 em. long., 04 em. lat. ;
valve integra. Semina oblonga vel anguste ovoidea, trun-
cata, microscopice scrobiculata, fusca.

Near the last, with which it shares the peculiarity of densely
massed sessile flowers, but the two are altogether different in
leaf and flower.

SPENCER MOORE: GAMOPETALE. 193

OROBANCHES.

OROBANCHE MINOR, Sutt. in Trans. Linn. Soc. iv. (1798) 179.
Ruchigga, on ground gone out of cultivation. Fl. December,
477.
Parasitic on the roots of Crassocephalum diversifolium var.
crepidioides.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique. Also Europe, &c.

BIGNONIACE®.

SPATHODEA CAMPANULATA, Beauv. Fl. Owar. i. AT.
Buvüma Island. Fl. March, 625.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District, South Central,
Upper and Lower Guinea.

PEDALINEE.

SESAMUM CALYCINUM, Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. (1873)
52.
Kagera Valley near Mulema. Fl. & Fr. May, 300.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique Distriet, Lower Guinea.

ACANTHACEE.

THUNBERGIA ALATA, Boj. ex Sins, in Bot. Mag. sub t. 2591.
Mouth of the Kagera, and Ruchigga at 7000 feet. FI.
December, 22, 23, 526.
Widely distributed in Tropical Africa, also in Natal.
Var. VIXALATA, Burkill, in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. v. 16.
Near Mulema. Fl. & Fr. June, 343.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District.

ACANTHOPALE DECEMPEDALIS, C. B. Clarke, in Dyer, Fl. Trop.
Afr. v. 63.
In forest near mouth of the Kagera. Fl. February, 557.
Distrib. Upper Guinea.

WUITFIELDIA TANGANYIKENSIS, C. B. Clarke, in Dyer, Fl. Trop.
Afr. v. 67.
Mulema and Buvüma Island. Fl. March, April, 203 & 622.
Distrib. Central Lake District.

194 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

DxscuonrsrTE TRICHOCALYX, Lindau, in Engler, Pflanzenwelt
Ost- Afr. C. 367.
Below Ruchigga. Fl. & Fr. December, 503.
Distrib. Central Lake District.

CHÆTACANTHUS Prnsoowrr, Nees, in Linnea, xvi. (1841) 347.
Hill near Rufáa. Fl. January, 547.
Distrib. A South-African plant.

BLEPHARIS CRISTATA, Sp. nov.

B. suffruticosa,a basi ramosa ramis ascendentibus sat tenuibus
bene foliosis pubescenti-hispidis, foliis in pseudoverticillis
4-natis dispositis quoque in pseudoverticillo sæpissime in-
eequalibus se. 2 minoribus lineari-lanceolatis obtuse acutis
sessilibus margine paucispinosis rarius integris vel basin
versus breviter lobulatis firme membranaceis utrinque pilis
appressis strigosis munitis, floribus mediocribus in capi-
tulis pedunculatis plurifloris dispositis, bracteis sterilibus
inter se inequalibus anguste lineari-lanceolatis margine
spinoso-paucidentatis, bractea fertili oblonga uua cum
bracteolis squilongis vel subequilongis latioribus apice
2-3-lobis spinose acuminata neenon margine rarispinosa,
calycis pilosi lobis anticis postico equilongis late oblongis
alte coalitis postico oblongo-ovato apice breviter 2-3-
spinoso lobis lateralibus anguste lineari-lanceolatis quam
reliqui parum brevioribus spinoso-acuminatis, corollis ex
scheda cl. detectoris ceruleis limbo 3-lobo seabride
pubescente, antheris striete uniloeularibus.

Hab. Near the Rufüa. Fl. December, 506.

Planta usque ad 40:0 em. alt. Folia 2:0-4'0 em. long.,
0*6-1:0 em. lat., spina abbreviata terminata; costa media
fac. inf. valde prominens. Bracteæ steriles longiores
2:5 x 03-04. cm., paucissime extime adusque 075 cm. lat. ;
bractez minim: 0'5 em. long., vel paullo ultra. Bracteolæ
12x02-025 cm. Calyeis lobus antieus 2-nervis,
17x05 em. hujus partes libere 0:4 cm. long.; lobus
posticus usque ad 0:6 em.lat.; lobi laterales 1°5 x 025 em.
Corolle in toto 2:6 em. long.; tubus ovoideus, 0°65 cm.
long.; limbus quadrato-spathulatus, superne 1:0 em. lat.
Stamina L'O em. long.: anther majores 05 em. long.
Capsula .

Distinguished inter alia by its hispid branches, relatively short

SPENCER MOORE: GAMOPETAL®. 195

leaves with few or no spines, narrow outer bracts, and equally
long anticous and posticous calyx-lobes.

ScuERoonrroN Horsti, C. B. Clarke, in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr.
v. 111.
In damp sandy soil by side of Lake Victoria Nyanza at
Musozi. Fl. January, 81.
Distrib. Mozambique District.

CROSSANDRA GUINEENSIS, Nees, in DC. Prod. xi. 281.
Near mouth of the Kagera. Fl. February, 554.
Distrib. Upper and Lower Guinea.

Sryasasta: Acanthacearum e tribu Justiciearum genus novum.

(PI. 2.)

Calyx 5-partitus, lobis angustis inter se szqualibus. Corolle
tubus mediocriter elongatus, superne paullulum amplificatus ;
limbus 2-labiatus, labio antico 3-lobo quam posticum bifidum
parum breviore. Stamina 4, didyuama, subinclusa, supra medium
tubum inserta; filamenta basi dilatata ibique brevissime per
paria connata; anthere 2-loculares, loculis inter se :qualibus
basi mucronulatis alio paullo altius affixo. Pollinis grana iis
Asystasie similia (Rahmenpollen) Stylus apice obtusus. Ovula
quoque in loculo 2. Capsula anguste ovoidea, inferne in stipitem
cylindrieum contracta. Semina 2-4, complanata, suborbiculata,
eximie rugosa.—Folia normalia. Flores breviter pedicellati, in
panicula terminali thyrsoidea digesti. Bracteæ bracteoleque
parve.

S. AFRICANA, sp. unica. (Zsochoriste africana, S. Moore, in Journ.
Bot. xviii. (1880) 309. Asystasia africana, C. B. Clarke, in
Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. v. 134.)

Angola: Welwitsch, 5073, 5078, 5079.

Var. PARVIFLORA, var. nov. Corolle summum 1'3 em. long. ;
harum tubus 0°6 cm., labium posticum 0°7 em., neenon
lobum anticum 0°55 cm. long.

Hab. Shore of Lake Victoria Nyanza at Musozi. Fl.
January, 54.

Welwitsch noted the type as “herba 2—-3-pedalis," whereas
Dr. Bagshawe describes the var. parviflora as “a straggling
shrub." In spite of this difference in habit, except for difference
in size of the flowers, the two seem to agree absolutely.

LINN. JOURN.-—BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII. p

196 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

According to Dr. Bagshawe, the flowers of the variety are white
with red streaks on the mid-lobe of the lower lip.

The genus here proposed is evidently closely allied to Asystasia,
from which it differs in the 2-lipped corolla. This being the
alleged difference between Asystasia and Jsochoriste, Miq., I
was led, when writing my memoir on Welwitsch’s Acanthacee
(Journ. Bot. xviii. (1880) passim), to include Welwitseh's speci-
mens inthe latter genus. Mr. Clarke, however, has recently had
an opportunity of examining the material upon which Miquel's
genus was founded, and he finds Z. javanica, Miq., to be only a
well-known species of Asystasia. That the plant here dealt with
cannot, with its strongly bilabiate corolla, be included in Asystasia
is a point I have always maintained, and it gives me pleasure to
add that Mr. Clarke now shares this view. Under these cireum-
stances a new generic definition and term are required for
Isochoriste africana.

BARLERIA OPACA, Nees, in DC. Prod. xi. 230.
Kagera Valley near Mulema. Fl. May, 279.
Distrib, Upper Guinea.

PsEUDERANTHEMUM Lupoyvicranum, Büttn. in Verh. Bot. Brand.
xxxii. (1890) 41.
Buvüáma Island. Fl. March, 632.
Distrib. Upper Guiuea, South Central.

JusrICIA FLAVA, Vahl, Symb. ii. 15.
Shore of Lake at Musozi. Fl. December, 16.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique Distriet, Upper and Lower
Guinea.

J. LePTOCARPA, Lindau, in Engl. Jahrb. xx. (1894) 70.
Below Ruchigga, at 5000 ft. Fl. December, 494.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District.

VERBENACE X.
LANTANA SALVIFOLIA, Jacq. Hort. Schanb. iii. 18.
Near Mulema. Fl. May, 320.
Distributed through Tropical Africa, 5. Afriea, and India.

PREMNA MELANOPHYLLA, 8p. nov.
P. ramulis divarieatis ultimis foliosis minute fulvo-pubes-
centibus mox glabris, foliis oppositis petiolatis ovatis vel
ovato-oblongis acutis interdum brevissime cuspidulatis basi

SPENCER MOORE: GAMOPETAL.. 197

obtusis integris pilis paucis strigosis appressis exemptis
glabris in sicco nigrescentibus, eymis in paniculo angusto
sed patulo bracteato sat brevi fulvo-pubescente dispositis,
floribus pedicellis calyeem sspissime excedentibus in-
sidentibus, calycis anguste campanulati pubescentis ad-
usque 3-partiti lobis deltoideo-oblongis vel deltoiaeis
acutis, corollz tubo angusto calycem circa duplo excedente,
limbo 5-lobo lobis inter se subequalibus subpatentibus,
staminibus longe exsertis.

Hab. In a swamp at the mouth of the Bakore. Fl. January,
141 A.

Foliorum lamina 3:045 em. long., 2:0-3:5 em. lat.; costule
utrinque circa 6, apertissime arcuate, supra impressa
subtus prominentes; petioli summum 2'0 em. long.,
sæpius vero breviores, microscopice puberuli. Paniculi
nondum profecto evoluti 5*0 em. long. ; horum ramuli ad
angulum rectum vel fere rectum rhachi affixi; braetes
infime foliis summis similes sed paullo majores, relique
imminutz, lanceolate, + 0'5 em. long. Pedicelli + 0:3 em.
long. Calyx totus 0:22 cem., corolle tubus 0°43 em. long.,
hie vix O'l em. lat., extus minute pubescens; corolle
limbus 0:35 em. diam., lobi 0°15 em. long. Stamina
ad 0:5 em. exserta. Ovarium globosum. Fructus .

Apparently nearest P. macrosiphon, Baker, but with quite
different leaves among other characters.

BrPHONANTIIUS ($ Clerodendron) NUXIOIDES, sp. nov.

Frutex ramosus, crebro foliosus, foliis obovato-oblongis
apice cuspidatis obtusis inferne in petiolum sat longum
sensim attenuatis membranaceis glabris costis secundariis
utrinque circa 6 interjectis pluribus aliis ord. inf. brevi-
bus, floribus parvis in cymis pedunculatis terminalibus
laxis minutissime pubescentibus foliis spe æquilongis
dispositis, cymulis pseudumbellatis paucifloris, pedicellis
quam calyx brevioribus, calyce tubuloso-campanulato
puberulo breviter 5-lobo lobis deltoideis acutis, corolle
tubo recto gracillimo calycem duplo excedente lobis
brevibus obovatis obtusissimis.

Hab. Uganda, eoast of Lake Victoria Nyanza at Mutunda.
Fl. March, 579.

Folia subnitida, solemniter 8:0-10'0 em. long. summum

D

P2

198 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

4:0-5'0 cm. lat., ima basi ad 0*6 em. coartata ; nervule
delieatule, utrinque perspicum, eleganter reticulate ;
petioli 0:7- 2:5 em. long. Cyme 50-90 em. long., earum
ramuli eymuligeri patentes, + 1:0 em. long. Bractew
angustissime lineares, 0°17 em. long. Pedicelli circa
0-2 em. long. Flores albi. Calycis humectati tubus 0'35
em. long., 0°25 em. lat.; lobi 0'13 em. long. Corolle
tubus 1:0 em. long. ima basi 0°12 cm., sursum vix O'l
cm., faucibus ipsis fere 0'2 cm. diam. ; lobi vix 0'3 em.
long. Anther: ad 0*6 em. exserte.
Nearest Clerodendron Preussii, Gürke, and Cl. yaundense,
Giirke, from both of which it differs in the leaves narrowed below
into the petiole, and in several floral details.

SrPHONANTHUS CAPITATA, S. Moore. (Clerodendron capitatum,
Schum. & Thonn. in K. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Afh. iv. 61.)
Musozi and Buvima Island. Fl. February, March, 152 &
617.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique Distriet, Upper Guinea,
South Central.

S. ROTUNDIFOLIA, S. Moore. (Clerodendron rotundifolium,
Oliver, in "Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. (1873) 132.)
Near Mulema. Fl. June, 845.
Distrib. Central Lake District.

S. MYRICOIDES, Hiern, Welw. Cat. i. 814.
In a gorge at Mulema, also River Rufüa. Fl. April,
December, 260 & 540. Native name “ Muzainanya."
Distributed widely in Tropical Africa.

Vitex FISCHERI, Gürke, in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. (1893) 171.
Musozi. Fl. January, 45.
Distrib. Central Lake District.

LABIATA.
OCIMUM SUAVE, Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 629.

Musozi. Fl. January, 113.

Native name * Mujaja.” “ The leaves are mixed with water
and the infusion drunk for pains in the abdomen."

Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique, Lower Guinea. Also
Tropical Asia.

A rather remarkable form with long-stalked leaves, which are

SPENCER MOORE: GAMOPETALE.

199

almost glabrous on both faces and strongly toothed along the
margin. I was at first inclined to regard this as O. americanum,
Mill., but further examination has led me to adopt Mr. Britten's
suggestion that the plant would better be referred to O. suave.

GENIOSPORUM PALUDOSUM, Baker, in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. v. 352.

Ruchigga. Fl. December, 481.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District.

MoscuHosMa RIPARIUM, Hochst. in Flora, xxviii. (1845) 67.
Hillside, Musozi. Fl. January, 97.

Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique Distriet, Lower Guinea.

OnruosrPrON (§ Virgati) VIATORUM, sp. nov.

Herba erecta fere a basi ramosa ramis ascendentibus foliosis
glabrescentibus, folis parvis oblongo-ovatis obtusis vel
obtuse acutis serratis basi in petiolum brevem cuneatim
angustatis scabriusculis, racemis ramis sequilongis
puberulis, vertieillastris 6- (raro 5- vel 7-) floris, bracteis
ovatis acuminatis parvis sed cito majoribus et reflexis
persistentibus, pedicellis quam calyx fere duplo brevi-
oribus pubescentibus, calycis florescentis strigoso-puberuli
lobo postico rubescente rotundato-ovato obtusissimo lobis
reliquis lanceolatis lateralibus breviter anticis longe
setaceo-acuminatis, calyce fructificanto paullulum solum-
modo aucto recurvo, corolle tubo breviter exserto labio
antico late ovato quam postieum 4-lobum breviore,

staminibus inclusis.
Hab. Roadside at Mulema. Fl. June, 327.

Folia circa 20x 1:0 cm., in sicco olivacea, costis subtus
prominentibus; petioli 02-0'4 em. long. Racemi saltem
8:0 em. long. Bractez sub alabastris circa 0:2 em. long.,
mox adusque 0°35 em. amplificate. Flores dilute punicei
(sec. cl. eollectorem). Pedicelli summum 0'3 em. long.
Calycis florescentis 0°5 em. long. lobus posticus 0:2 x 0°25

cm., lobi laterales 0:13 cm., antici 0°23 em. long.

Calyx

frueteseens 0'6 em. long. (tubus fere 0'4 em.). Corolle
tubus extus pubescens, 0°6 cm. long. 0:12 cm. diam.;

labium antieum 0'2 em. posticum 0'3 em. long.

Apparently nearest O. heterochrous, Briq., an Angolan species
known to me only by description, which has larger reddish
leaves, deciduous braets (shape aud size not mentioned), violet

200 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

ealyees with ferruginous clothing, &e. From other species to
which it bears some resemblance it ean easily be told by the
small acuminate bracts crowded at the ends of the racemes.

PLECTRANTHUS UGANDENSIS, Sp. nov.

P. herbaceus, elatus, ascendens, eaule inferne valido neenon
nudo superne ramoso et folioso piloso-pubescente, foliis
parvis petiolatis late ovatis obtusis basi nunc rotundatis
nunc truncatis nunerevera obtusis margine crenato-dentatis
utrinque appresse piloso-pubescentibus dein puberulis
aliquantulum erassiusculis, floribus in panieulis gracilibus
sat effusis folia multoties excedentibus minute glanduloso-
pubescentibus digestis, verticillastris distantibus 2- (raro
3-) floris, bracteis parvis lanceolatis quam pedicelli ealyei
subzquilongi multo brevioribus, calycis minute glanduloso-
puberuli lobo postico sub flore ovato sursum attenuato
quam lobi reliqui setacei paullulum breviore, coroll tubo
calycem duplo excedente sigmoideo labio artico late
oblongo quam posticum oblongo-ovatum dentato-3-lobum
obtusissimum paullo longiore.

Hab. Ruchigga at 7000 feet. Fl. December, 532.

Herba $-metralis. Folia 1:0-2:0 x 0:8-1:3 (rarissime 15) em.;
petioli + 0:5 em. long., ut folia pilis erassiusculis albidis
piloso-pubescentes. ^ Panieulus feri j-metralis; hujus
rami simplices, ascendenti-patentes. Bractew modice
0:1-0:3 em. long. Pedicelli sub flore 0'3 em. sub fructu
nutantes et 06-07 em. long. Flores dilute cerulescentes.
Calyx florescens 0:25 cm. long. ; fructificans 077 em. long. ;
hujus lobum postieum late ovatum acutum, 0:23 em. long.
et totidem lat.; lobi reliqui recti, firmi, laterales 0'2 em.
antici 0°26 em. long. Corolle tubus 0'5 em. long., 0*1
em. diam., extus puberulus ; labium antieum 0:5 x 08 em.,
posticum 0:4x0:375. cm., hujus lobi laterales vix 0*1
cm. long., obtusissimi. Nucule ovoidem, leves, polite,
0-1 em. diam.

Recognisable by means of the small pilose-pubescent leaves, the
long effuse panicles, and 2-flowered verticillasters, coupled with
certain characters of the calyx and corolla.

COLEUS UMBROSUS, Vatke, in Linnea, xliii. (1880) 91.
Ruehigga. Fl. November, 420.
Distrib. Nile Land. Mozambique District.

A. B. RENDLE: APETALJE. 201

PYCNOSTACHYS RUWENZORIENSIS, Baker, in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr.
v. 384.
Irunga. Fl. November, 352.
Distrib. Central Lake Distriet.

Micromerta BIFLORA, Benth. Lab. 378.
Ruchigga. Fl. November, 399.
Widely distributed in Tropical Africa. Also a South-
African and Asian species.

LEUCAS ORBICULARIS, Gürke, in Engler, Pflanzenwelt Ost-
Afr. C. 348,
Below Ruchigga. Fl. December, 499.
Distrib. Central Lake District.
LEONOTIS NEPETIFOLIA, R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. IL iii. 409.
Mouth of the Kagera. Fl. December, 32.
Widely distributed through the tropics.

APETALÆ.
(By A. B. Rexe, D.Se., F.L.S.)

NYCTAGINEE.
MIRABILIS JALAPA, Linn. Sp. Pl. 177.
Near Mulema. Fl. April, 224.
Distrib. A widely distributed tropical weed.
BOERHAVIA PLUMBAGINEA, Cav. Icon. ii. 7, t. 112. (B. dichotoma,
Vahl, Enum.i. 290.)
Bank of Kagera near Mulema. Fl. June, 324.
Distrib. A widespread tropical and South-African plant.

ILLECEBRACE.

POLLICHIA CAMPESTRIS, Ait. Hort. Kew. i. 5.
Hill near Rufüa. Fl. & Fr. January, 545.
Distrib. Tropieal and South Africa.

AMARANTACEE.

AMARANTUS Brirum, Linn. Sp. Pl. 990.
Found everywhere. Fl. December, 493.
Distrib. A common tropical weed.

202 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

ACHYRANTHES ASPERA, Linn. Sp. Pl. 204.
Mulema, hillside. Fl. April, 242. Ruchigga. FI
November, 457.
Native name “ Makwa.”
Distrib. Widely spread in the tropics.

CYATHULA GLOBULIFERA, Moq.- Tand. in DC. Prodr. xiii. 2. 329.
Churezi. Fl. January, 101.
Distrib. Abyssinia, Nyassaland, Angola; also South Africa
and Madagascar.

PuPALIA LAPPACEA, Alvg.-Tand. l. c. 331.
Gorge above Mulema. Fl. April, 246.
Distrib. Tropical Africa; also in Tropical Asia.

PHYTOLACCACES.

HILLERIA ELASTICA, Vell. Fl. Flum. 47.
Near mouth of Kagera. Fl. February, 556.
Distrib. West Tropical Africa (Guinea, Congo, Angola).

PHYTOLACCA DoDECANDRA, L’ Hérit. Stirp. Nov. 143.
Mulema. Fl. & Fr. June, 363.
Distrib. East and West Tropical Africa.

POLYGONACES.

OXYGONUM CORDOFANUM, Dammer, in Engler, Nat. Pflanzenfam.
lil. 1 a, 30.
Hill-top near Mulema. Fl. June, 337.
Distrib. Abyssinia, Nile Land; Angola.

POLYGONUM BARBATUM, Linn. Sp. Pl. 362.
Burumba. Fl. July, 373.
Distrib. East Tropical Africa, South Africa. "Tropical Asia.

Rumex anxssiNICUS, Jacq. Hort. Vindob. iii. 48, t. 93.
Ruchigga. Fl. November, 448.
Distrib. East and West Tropical Africa.

Var. ANGUSTISECTUS, Engler, in Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 203.
Near Mulema. Fl. June, 364.
Distrib. Abyssinia.

A. B. RENDLE: APETALA. 203

LAURACEE.
BEILSCHMIEDIA UGANDENSIS, sp. nov.

Frutex, virgis juvenissimis et panieulis exceptis, glabra;
ramis adultis cortice cinereo instructis, ramulis foliaceis
atro-brunneis ; foliis ellipticis vel elliptico-oblongis, basi
subangustatis, apice obsolete acuminatis; siccis sub-
coriaceis, supra nigrescentibus, nervis lateralibus, circ.
10-12, areuatim patentibus, cum venis reticulatis, infra
prominulis; petiolo brevi ; panieula dimidium folii haud
attingente, minutissime ferrugineo-pubescente, supra basin
ramosa, ramis oppositis patentibus, iterum paniculatis,
multifloris, bracteis caducis late ovatis, acuminatis, dense
ferrugineo-pubescentibus ; receptaculo late turbinato ;
perianthii segmentis late ovatis, apice incurvis, veluti
receptaeulo ferrugineo-pubescentibus ; staminibus 6 ex-
terioribus sub perianthii segmentis celatis, filamentis
brevissimis, subtruneatis, velut staminibus interioribus
similibus, staminodiisque subovoideis alternis, cum pilis
brevibus tomentosis ferrugineis dense velatis ; ovario
ellipsoideo-ovoideo, glabro, basi pilis ferrugineis densis
cincto; stylo subsequale.

Hab. Lake shore north of mouth of River Bakova. FI.
January, 142. “ A shrub with greenish flowers in shady
situation.”

Rami ramulos foliaceos ferentes 6 mm. diam. Folia 9-16
em. long., 5-85 em. lat.; petioli 6-8 mm. long. Panieula
ad 6 em. long. et lat. Flores 2:5-3 em. lat. pedicelli
2-3 mm. long. Perianthii 1 segmenta 1 mm. long. Stamina
exteriora et interiora circa ‘75 mm. long.; staminodia
‘5 mm. long. breviter stipitata. Ovarium cum stylo
1:25 mm. long.

An interesting addition to the genus, which, though repre-
sented by several species in West tropical Africa, has not hitherto
been known from the Eastern side. The species is quite distinct
from the Western forms, recalling most nearly in foliage and
inflorescence a species found by Zenker in the Cameroons
(No. 2117, named, but apparently not yet published, by
Dr. Engler); the flowers are, however, considerably larger. It
also recalls a second Cameroon species, B. fruticosa, Engl., but
the shape of stamens and staminodes is very different in the
two.

204 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

PROTEACES.

PROTEA MELLIODORA, Engler § Gilg, in Baum, Kunen.-Samb.
Exped. 224.
Mulema and Ruchigga. Fl. November, 417.
Previously collected by Baum on the Longa River in the
S.E. interior of Portuguese West Africa.

TitYy MEL.EACE E,

LasrosiPHON AFFINIS, Kotschy & Peyr. Plant. Tinn. 39, t. xix b.

Hillside, Burumba. Fi. & Fr. July, 372.

* Erect herb with yellow flowers."

Our “specimens show slight differences from the type as
deseribed and figured, the leaves being larger (reaching
35 em. long by 11 mm. broad) and less generally oblong.
The bracts also are narrower and the flowers a little
smaller. But without seeing a specimen of L. affinis, I
do not feel justified in separating the Uganda plant.

Distrib. Bongo, Central Africa.

PEDDIEA LONGIFLORA, Engler § Gilg, in Engler, Jahrb. xxx.
(1901) 257.
Musozi. Fl. January, 91.
Distrib. Togoland.

P. Fiscnert, Engler, in Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 310.
Island of Buvüma, Victoria Nyanza. Fl. & Fr. March,
606.
Distrib. Masai highlands, between Victoria Nyanza and
Lake Baringo.

LoRANTHACEJE.

Loranruvs ($8 Dendrophthoó) vsurExsrs, Oliver, in Trans. Linn.
Soc. xxix. (1873) 80.
Near Mulema. Fl. June, 356.
* Red-flowered parasite.”
Distrib. Uganda.

L. (8 Tapinanthus) MUSOZENSIS, sp. nov.
Planta ramulis novellis breviter tomentosis, adultis eum
cortice cinereo haud conspicue lenticillato; foliis sub-
oppositis crassiusculis, late ovatis, obtusis, basi subtruncate

A. B. RENDLE: APETALE. 205

rotundatis, e basi penninervatis, nervis lateralibus infra
prominulis, utrinque steliato- pubescentibus; floribus
breviter pedieellatis, in capitulis axillaribus paucifloris
sessilibus aggregatis ; bractea oblique ovata basin ealyeuli
amplectente; calyculo eupulato ferrugine piloso, margine
breviter dentato; perigonio eum pilis brevibus articulatis
ramosis ferrugineis tomentoso, supra tubum subglobosum
valde constricto, infundibuliforme, ultra medium uni-
lateraliter fisso, apice, in alabastro, inflato cylindrico,
laciniis lineari-oblanceolatis, haud reflexis, supra in facie
interiore eum pariete rigida basi bene limitata instructis ;
antheris linearibus ; stylo superne erassiuseulo, pentagono,
sub stigmate subgloboso angustato.

Hab. Musozi. Fl. January, 134.

** Parasitic on bark-cloth fig."

Internodia 2-3 em. long. Folia 6-8 em. long., 4°5-5 em.
lat.; petioli 1 em. long. Pedicellus 4 mm. long. Bractea
3 mm. long. Calyculus 3 mm. long. Perianthium 4 em.
long.; parte inferiore inflato circa 4 mm. long. et lat.,
lobis vix 8 mm. long. Anthere 3 mm. long.

Very nearly allied to the Angolan species Z. Molleri, Engler,
which was found by Welwitsch on an island in the River Quanza
in Pungo Andongo. It differs in the slightly shorter limbs of
the perianth, and especially in the broader, almost truncately
based ovate leaves.

LonawrTBHUs (§ Tapinauthus) PrrrosPoRE, sp. nov.

L. glabra, ramulis novellis nodosis oppositifoliis, atro-
brunneis ; adultis eortiee einereo cum lenticeliis numerosis
brunneo-punetulatis ; foliis crassis ovato-lanceolatis vel
ovatis, basi oblique rotundis, ad apicem subacutum angus-
tatis, penninervatis, nervis lateralibus prominentibus,
utrinquesepius 3, interdum 2, ascendentibus, nee
marginem attingentibus; floribus in capitulis plurifloris
vix pedunculatis, axillaribus sessilibus; bracteis oblique
eupuliformibus, margine integro ut in calyce obsolete
ciliolato ; ealyeulo tubuliforme infra medium cum ovario
connato, demum supra longitudinaliter fisso; perigonii
rubri, tubo basi globoso, anguste infundibulare, apice in-
flato ante anthesin, breviter ovoideo, obscurius pentagono,
laciniis erassis, lineari-oblanceolatis, filamentis linearibus

206 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

eum dente erecto breve obtuso sub antheris instruetis ;

stylo et stigmate subsectionis.

Hab. Ruchigga. Fl. November, 445.

“ Parasitic on Pittosporum abyssinicum."

Internodia in ramis florentibus 2-3:5 mm. diam., 3-5 em.
long. Folia 8-12 em. long., 3-4 em. lat.; petioli vix
lem. long. Bractez circa 2 mm. long. Calyculus circa
3 mm. long. Perianthii tubus (inapertus) vix 3'5 cm.
long., eum basi inflato (2 mm. long. et lat.) et limbo
5 mm. long. Antheræ 15 mm. long.

A member of the subsection Constrictiflori, near the Usambara
species L. elegantulus, Engl., but has much larger, differently-
shaped leaves and several-flowered capitula ; the flowers are red,
not ferruginous, and are subtended by glabrous bracts. It also
approaches L. senegalensis, De Wild., from Senegal, which is,
however, described as having broader oval leaves with cuneiform
base.

LonawTHUus ($ Isnanthus) Baasmnawkr, sp. nov.

Frutex glaber ramis fusco-bruuneis, lenticellatis; foliis
oppositis, siccis chartaceis, anguste laneeolatis, ad apicem
subaeutum angustatis, basi cuneatis, penninervatis, nervo
mediano infra conspicuo, lateralibus vix conspicuis ;
petiolo brevi, superne canaliculato ; capitulis axillaribus,
multifloris, brevissime pedunculatis, pedicello brevi;
bractea breviter cupuliforme et unilateraliter breviter
producta, margine velut in ealyeulo ciliolata; calyculo
supra ovarium breviter elongato, margine demum eroso ;
perigonio glabro, rubro, ante anthesin anguste cylindrico,
sub apice paullo inflato obtuso, constricto, demum ad
basin unilateraliter fisso; laciniis 4, linearibus, tubo
longioribus, haud reflexis ; filamentis linearibus, in dentem
acutum, anthera triplo breviorem, exeuntibus; stylo
tetragono, stigmate globoso.

Ruchigga. Fl. November, 401.

** Parasite on Malvacean shrub. Flowers red."

Internodia in ramis foliosis et florentibus 2-3 cm. long.
Folia 5-10 em. long., 1:5-2 em. lat. ; petioli vix 5 mm. long.
Pedicellus vix 2 mm. long.; bractea circa 1 mm. long.
Perianthium 12-13 mm. long. eum tubo 4-5 mm. long.
vix 2 mm. diam. Antheræ vix 1:5 mm. long.

A. B. RENDLE : APETAL®. 207

Near the Somaliland species L. Ehiersii, Schweinf., which it
resembles in its many-flowered axillary heads of short, slender
flowers; but is distinguished by its narrower leaves, smaller
flowers, and the less prominent appendage of the filament below
the anther.

Loranruus ($ Tapinanthus) Buvuma, sp. nov.

Frutex glaber ramis adultioribus griseis, striatulis, incon-
spieue lenticellatis ; foliis oppositis, coriaceis, oblongis vel
oblongo-ovatis, acutis, basi subeuneatis, nervis lateralibus
utrinque 3, ascendentibus; petiolo pro genere longo,
in facie superiore vix eanalieulato ; capitulis axillaribus,
plurifloris, sessilibus, pedicello brevi : bractea brevi oblique
cupuliforme, velut in ealyculo sparse brunneo-pubescente
et ciliolata ; calyculo supra ovarium breviter infundibuli-
forme, demum fisso; perizonio puberulo, rubro albo-
maculato, supra basin subglobosam valde constricto,
deinde anguste-infundibuliforme et unilateraliter fisso,
laciniis lineari-oblanceolatis, viridescentibus, apice appen-
dice brevi triangulari instructis, curvulo-reflexis; filamentis
linearibus, in dentem subacutum quam anthera triplo
breviorem exeuntibus; stylo crasso pentagono infra stigma
obovoideum valde attenuato.

Island of Buvüma, Victoria Nyanza. Fl. March, 628.

"Parasite on incense-tree; red flowers speckled with
white."

lnternodia in ramis foliiferis 2-5:5 cm. long. in ramis
florentibus 4-5°5 em. Folia 6-10 em. long., 2-4 em. lat. ;
petioli sepius 1:5-2 em. long. Pedicellus 2 mm. long. ;
bractea cirea 1 mm. long. Calyculus L:5-2 mm. supra
ovarium productus. Perianthii basis inflata vix 5 mm.
long. et cirea 4 mm. lat.; tubus cirea 45 cm. long., cum
lobis reflexis (vis 1 cm. long. et cirea 1 mm. lat.)
Anthere vix 2 mm. long.

A member of Engler's subsection Constrictiflori near the
Cameroon species L. ogowensis, which it resembles in the
appendaged perianth-segments, but differs in its rather larger
flowers with broader perianth-tube and narrow-based leaves.

Viscum DICHOTOMUM, D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 142.
Common in Ruchigga. In young fruit, November, 433.

Distrib. India; Madagascar; South Africa.

208 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

Viscum TUBERCULATUM, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1. 838.

Near Kikobe Ferry, Kagera River. Parasitic on several
species of herbs. Fr. March, 178. Native name “ Ngu-
rukizi.”

Near Mulema. | Fr. June, 332 & 342.

Distrib. Abyssinia, Usambara, Angola.

V. NYANZENSE, Sp. nov.

Frutex ramis atrobrunneis, adultioribus teretibus, juvenilibus
subcompressis, longitudinaliter suleatis; foliis internodia
exeedentibus, ovalibus, apice et basi angustatis, vel
interdum apice obtusis, vix petiolatis, subcoriaceis, tri-
nervibus, nervis utrinque vix conspicuis ; inflorescentiis
3-floris, brevissimis, sessilibus, bracteis brevibus, crassis,
late triangulari-ovatis, apice rotundis; floribus sessilibus ;
perigorii sepalis crassis, triangulari-ovatis, obtusis ; ovariis
et baccis ellipsoideis, albis, levibus.

Island of Buvüma, Victoria Nyanza. Fl. & Fr. March,
654.

“ Parasitic on * nsali, ' "

Internodia in ramis foliiferis 2°5-3 em. long. Folia 3-5 em.
long., l:5-vix 2:5 em. lat. Cymi 3 mm. long., bractex
l mm. long. Perianthii segmenta *75 mm. long. Ovarium
1:5 mm. long.

A member of the section P/eionuvia near V. Fischeri, Engl.,
irom German East Africa, but distinguished by the differently-
shaped leaves and sessile inflorescence.

V. BAGSHAWEI, sp. nov.

Frutex aphyllus densiter multiramosus, ramis penultimis
sepe ternatim verticillatis, ultimis sæpius pinnatim
patentibus; internodiis crassis, teretibus, vel junioribus
subcompressis, atrobrunneis ; cataphyllis late ovatis, apice
rotundis, margine scariosis et pallidis; baccis sessilibus,
in axillis solitariis, globosis, luteis, levibus, apice paullo
truncatis et styli basi eoronatis; bracteis cataphyllis
conformibus.

Hab. Near Mulema. Fr. June, 333.

* Parasitic on Acacia. Fruit yellow and smooth."

Rami adultiores ad 6 mm. diam., eum internodiis 3-2 cm.
long. Internodia in ramis juvenioribus equilonga sed
2 mm. diam., in ramis ultimis vix 1 em. long. et circa

A. B. RENDLE: APETALE. 209

1:5 mm. diam. Cataphyla 15 mm. long. Bacca vix
7 mm. diam.

The branches are very brittle, separating into internodal
segments at a touch when dry.

A member of the section Aspiduxia near V. Schimperi, Engl.,
an Abyssinian species, from which it differs in the darker, more
densely and less regularly branched shoots and the globose
berry. Also evidently closely allied to the more southern
species V. Goetzei, Engl, from the Kinga Mountains (in the
extreme south of German Esst Africa), which grows at about
7000 feet elevation parasitic on a species of Loranthus. l have
not seen a specimen of this; the berry is smaller and deseribed
as ovoid.

SANTALACEJE,

Osy nis ABYSSINICUS, Hochst. in Flora, xxiv. (1841), Intelligenzbl.
i. 22.
Ruchigga. Fl. November, 447.
Distrib. East and West Tropical Africa.

BALANOPHOREÆ.

THONNINGIA SANGUINEA, Vahl, in Dansk. Selsk. Skrivt. vi. (1810)
125, t. 6.
Lake-shore, Musozi, in thick shade. Fl. February, 157.
Distrib. Upper Guinea; Ruwenzori.

EUPHORBIACE®.

EvruonziA ($ Euphorbium) MvrEkw x, sp. nov.

Frutex vel arbor glabra, ramis foliiferis crassis: foliis
alternis, siccis caducis, sessilibus, lineari-lanceolatis, apice
breviter aristulatis, nervo mediano lato, utrinque pro-
minente ; inflorescentia dichotome ramosa, ramis articu-
latis, bracteis late ovatis vel orbiculari-ovatis, apice
aristatis, cyathiis minute pubescentibus, lobis rotundatis,
fimbriatis, glandulis 4, carnosis, glabris, flabellatis, margine
superiore crenatis, dorso longius pectinatis, processibus
apice in ramis glanduligeris desinentibus ; bracteis
floralibus basi angustis, sub medium in ramis filiformibus
pilosis desinentibus ; ovario glabro, stylo cum ramis veluti
antheris sparse et minute pubescente.

210 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

Hab. Mulema. Fl. May, 321; June, 310.

“Tree or shrub with latex."

Ramus folifer 2:5 dm. long. basi pene 1 em. diam. ;
internodia ad 1 em. long. Folia 18-20 em. long., ad 2 em.
lat. Bracteæ 2-3 em. long., seta exclusa (circa 1'5 em.
long.) Cyathia eum glandulis 3 em. diam.; glandule
lem. lat., processus pene 1 em. long.

Near the South and South-west African E. Monteiri, Hook.
fil. (=E. Marlothii, Pax), which it resembles in general habit
aud the structure of the cyathium, but is distinguished by
the narrow tapering pointed leaves, aristate bracts, and longer
gland-processes.

PuyrraNTHUS Nmumr, Linn. Sp. Pl. 981.
Near Mulema. Fl. & Fr. June, 351.
Distrib. Widely spread in the tropics.

P. UGANDENSIS, sp. nov.

Frutex effusus floribundus monoicus glaber, ramis, ramu-
lisque rubescentibus ; folus distichis, deciduis, sub-
oblongis, basi autem paullo angustatis, integris, obtusis ;
stipulis seariosis, triangularibus, rubro-brunneis, ciliolatis ;
ramulis florentibus brevibus, solitariis, vel sspe 2-3-
fasciculatis, multifloris; floribus tenuiter pedicellatis, in
axillis fascieulatis ; flore masculo 4-mero, perianthii
segmentis binis exterioribus ellipticis, interioribus oblatis,
cum glandulis crassiusculis ellipsoideis alternantibus ;
staminibus inzqualiter connatis, antheris longitudinaliter
dehiscentibus ; floris feminei, segmentis perianthii 5,
subobovatis, uno autem minore et elliptico ; ovario cum
annulo brevi cincto, 4-loculare ; stylis 4 liberis, stigmate
reflexo ; pericarpio ? carnoso.

Hab. Uganda, coast of Victoria Nyanza. Fl. & Fr. (?),
February, 571.

Ramuli ultimi foliiferi et florentes cirea 1:5 cm. long. Folia
vix 1 em. long. Perianthii segmenta in flore masculo vix
2 mm. long., in flore femineo 2 mm. long.

A very distinct species, suggesting in general habit P. flori-
bundus, Müll. Arg., or P. reticulatus, Poir., but distinguished by
the tetramery of the andrecium and gynecium. The material
includes a branch of somewhat different appearance from the
rest, bearing fleshy fruit, which is perhaps conspecific.

A. D. RENDLE: APETALE. 211

BRIDELIA MrcRANTHA, Baill. Adansonia, n. (1862) 164.
In plantation, Musozi. Fl. January, 100.
Native name * Katagamiti.”’
Distrib. East and West Tropical Africa ; Natal.

ANTIDESMA MEMBRANACEUM, var. MOLLE, Muell. Arg. in DC.
Prodr. xv. rr. 261.
Musozi. Female flower, December, 47.
* Low tree with spreading depending branches."
Distrib. Angola.

CYCLOSTEMON UGANDENSIS, Sp. nov.
Arbor humilis dioica, glaberrima ; cortice cinereo; foliis
breviter petiolatis, coriaceis, oblongo-ellipticis, apice
acuminatis, basi inequalibus, obsolete denticulatis, supra
nitidis, infra cum nervis secundariis 6-7, areuato-ascen-
dentibus, superne anastomosantibus, cum venis reticulatis
prominulis; stipulis caducis; floribus masculis in trunco
faseiculatis, longius pedicellatis, alabastris globosis; sepalis
5 glabris, suborbicularibus, obtusis, integris; staminibus
numerosis, antheris innatis, subovato-cordatis; floribus
feminels masculis similibus, ovario globoso, stigmatibus
dilatatis, retusis ; fructu immaturo (post sepala delapsa)
pisiforme, nigrescente ; pericarpio duro.
Hab. Island of Buvima, Victoria Nyanza. Fl. March, 613.
* Low tree with eream-coloured flowers borne on old wood."
Folia 13-15 em. long., 4-5 em. lat. ; petioli cirea 3 mm,
long. Pedicellus floris masculi 10-13 mm. long.; flos
cirea l em. diam.; sepala exteriora cirea 8 mm. long. et
lat.; filamenta O0'5 em. long.; anthere 4 mm. long.
Fructus immaturus circa 5 min. diam.

An interesting addition to this tropical Old World genus,
which finds its chief development in Africain the Upper Guinea
District (Cameroons, Niger province, and Sierra Leone), with
two species in Natal, but has only recently been discovered in
East Tropical Africa, Dr. Pax having described two species from
Western Usambara. It is to one of these last, C. major, that
our species is most nearly allied; it differs in having smaller
acuminate leaves, pedicelled flowers, and entire sepals.

CROTON Macrustacuys, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 251.
Buvüma Island, Victoria Nyanza. Fl. March, 648.

Distrib. Abyssinia to Nyassaland.
LINN. JOURN. — BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII. Q

212 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

CLUYTIA ABYSSINICA, Jaub. § Spach, Ill. Pl. Or. v. t. 468.
Ruehigga. Fl. November, 423.
Distrib. East Tropical Africa.

Eryrurococca Paxir, sp. nov. (Pl. 3.)

Frutex dioicus multiramosus, ramis lignosis duris, cum

cortice cinereo-brunneo striatulo et lenticellis conspieuis
instruetis; ramis novellis apice pilosis, infra glabres-
centibus; foliis glabris rarius in petiolo brevi et venis
sparse pilosis, parvis, crassiusculis, lanceolatis, basi et
apice plus minusve acutis, margine serrulatis; stipulis in
spinulas pallidas deciduas mutatis; floribus masculis sub
apice pedunculorum teauium axillarium, 20-50-spicato-
fascieulatis; pedicellis gracilibus; calyce 4-partito, seg-
mentis ovatis, obtusis, staminibus numerosis (15), filamen-
tibus et glandulis intrastaminalibus pallide roseis, his
breviter pedicellatis, apice crasso obtusis; floribus
femineis quam in mare paucioribus, calyce trifido, lobis
orbieularibus, glandulis 3, pallidis, triangulari-ovatis,
lobis subzqualibus; ovario tricoceo, glabro, stigmatibus
tribus, margine pectinatis; fruetu 2-3-locellato, loculis
monospermis ; semine globoso purpureo-tincto, retieulato.

Hab. Near River Rufüa. Fl. & Fr. December, 513.
* Dicecious shrub with green flowers.”
Folia 3-5 cm. long. ad 1'5 cm. lat.; petiolus ad 6 mm.

long.; stipule vix 2 mm. long. Inflorescentiæ mascule
"5-1 em. long. Flores cirea 4 mm. diam. Flores foeminez
breviter pedicellate, vix 2 mm. diam. Semina 4 mm.
diam.

Distinguished from the other species of tbe genus by the
4-partite perianth of the male flowers. Perhaps most nearly
allied to Æ. bongensis, Pax (which I have not seen, and of which
only male specimens are described), which it resembles in the
close aggregation of the male flowers, the numerous stamens and
the form of the staminodes, but is distinguished by the 4-partite
male perianth, narrower leaves, and pedunculate inflorescence.

This species was also collected on Mt. Kilimanjaro, at
Marangu, at 5000 ft., by Volkens (No. 2354).

HAsSSKARLIA DIDYMOSTEMON, Baill. Adansonia, i. (1860) 52.

Island of Buvüma, Victoria Nyanza. Male fl. March,

661.

Distrib. Sierra Leone; Angola.

A. B. RENDLE: APETALE. 213

CLAOXYLON AFRICANUM, Muell. Arg. in DO. Prodr. xv. 11. 77.
Coast of Victoria Nyanza. Male fl. March, 588.
Distrib. Upper Guinea.

ACALYPHA ORNATA, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 247.

Kagera Valley, near Mulema. Fl. May, 288 in part.

Distrib. East and West Tropical Africa.

ALCHORNEA CORDIFOLIA, Muell. Arg. in Linnea, xxxiv. (1865)
170.

Swamp, Musozi. Fruit, Dec. (young fruit) & Feb., 66.

"A shrubby tree very common at edge of swamps; the
terminal branches are vertical, the petioles ascend and
the leaves droop all round. Small ants live in some of
the swollen nodes.”

Distrib. East and West Tropical Africa.

MacanANGA MONANDRA, Muell. Arg. in Journ. Bot. ii. (1864)
337.
Musozi. Female fl. & young fr. December, 4.
Distrib. Cameroons ; Angola.
Tracia Votkessit, Paw, in Engler, Pflanzenwelt Ost-Afr.
C. 240.
Ruchigga. Fl. & Fr. November, 455.
Distrib. Mt. Kilimanjaro.
SaAPrUM MaxstANUM, Hiern, in Welw. Cat. i. 986.
Musozi. Fl. & Fr. February, 145.
Native name “ Musasa.” “Tree with white latex, used for
posts in hut building.”
Distrib, West Tropical Africa.

URTICACEE.

Ficus EXASPERATA, Vah}, Enum. ii. 197.
Musozi. January, 121.
Native name “ Luwau.” “ Leaf used as sand-paper to polish
gourds and sticks.”
Distrib. West Tropical Africa.
F. CYATHISTIPULA, Warb. in Engler, Pflanzenwelt Ost-Afr.
C. 161.
Musozi, shrub in marsh, Lake shore. Fr. January, 139.
Distrib. East Tropical Africa; Zanzibar Island and Central
Lake Region.
Q2

214 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

TRECULIA AFRICANA, Decne. ex Tréc. in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. III.
vill. (1847) 109.
Island of Buvüma, Victoria Nyanza. Fl. March, 634.
Distrib. Tropical Africa.

[PO TOXICARIA, Pers. Syn. ii. 566. (Antiaris toxicaria, Leschen.
in Ann. Mus. Par. xvi. (1810) 478.)

Musozi. Fl. & Fr. January, 107.

Native name * Kirundo." “A large tree, trunk 15-20 ft.
in circumference 5 ft. from the ground. Very straight
stem; branches high. Blown down inflorescence only
obtained. Cloth made from the bark, and beer-vats from
the wood.”

Distrib. Tropical Asia and West Tropical Africa (Angola).

The specimens agree with those found by Welwitsch in
Golungo Alto, and referred by Hiern to this species, but sub-
sequently separated by Engler as a new species, differing from
the common Asiatic in being diceious (fide Welwitsch), and
having the leaves blunt, not cordate at the base. Dr. Bagshawe
makes no reference to the plant being dicecious ; his number
107 comprises detached fruits and short branches bearing
male flowers. The leaf-base varies considerably in the African
specimens, from cuneate to rounded or shallowly retuse, in the
last form resembling some Asiatic specimens.

URERA CAMEROONENSIS, Wedd. in DC. Prodr. xvi. 1. 97.
Musozi. Fl. & Fr. January, February.
Distrib. German East Africa; Cameroons.

MYRIANTHUS ARBOREUS, Beauv. Fl. Owar. i. 16.
Mouth of Kagera. Fr. February, 159.
Distrib. Widely spread in Tropical Africa.
The specimen eomprises fruits and a very youug leaf, but is, I
think, referable to this species.

TREMA AFFINIS, Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. ii. 58.
Island of Buvüma, Victoria Nyanza. Fl. & Fr. March,
631.
Distrib. East and West Tropical Africa.

A. B. RENDLE: MONOCOTYLEDONS. 215

MONOCOTYLEDONS,
(By A. B. Rennie, D.Se., F.L.S.)
HxxDbROCHARIDE.E.

Orrkr1a Baumil, Gürke, in Baum, Aunen.-Sambesi Exped. 171.
River Rufüa, submerged, except the flower, in 2-3 feet of
water. Fl. December, 533.
Distrib. Manonge on the River Kuebe, German South-
West Africa.
ORCHIDEE.
LIPARIS RUWENZORIENSIS, Rolfe, in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vii. 20.
Mouth of Kagera River. Fl. February, 160.
Distrib. Butagu, at 9000 ft. on Mt. Ruwenzori.

EULOPHIA DICHROMA, Feolfe, l. e. 62.
Ruchigga. Fl. November, 411 in part.
Distrib. Huilla, Angola.

E. suBULATA, Rendle, in Journ. Bot. xxxiii. (1895) 193.
Ruchigga. Fl. November, 411 in part. ‘ Flowers yellow."
Distrib. Uganda ; Nyassaland.

E. missionis, Rendle, l. c. 168.
Ruehizga, 7300 feet. Fl. December, 525.
There are slight differences in the floral details between the
Uganda plant and that collected in Nyassaland by Scott
Elliot from which the species was described. The petals
are slightly shorter and blunter (9 mm. long by 5 mm.
broad), the lateral lobes of the lip are distinctly shorter
(2:5 min. long), and the fimbriform processes on the
median lobe are fewer and shorter in the Uganda
specimens.
Distrib. Nyassaland, foot of Mt. Milanji about 4000 ft.
LissocniLus Wisont, Rolfe, in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vii. 79.
Lake shore, Musozi. Fl. January, 108.
Distrib. Usongora, British East Africa.

L. meprocris, Rendle, in Journ. Bot. xxxi. (1895) 193.
Near Mulema. Fl. June, 367.
“An erect herb, 30 inches high; flowers blue and bluish
white."
Distrib. Kavivondo, British East Africa.

216 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

LissocHILUS ARENARIUS, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. vi.
(1862) 133.
Near Lake Karenge. Fl. November. No number.
Distrib. Widely diffused in Tropical Africa ; also in Natal.

L. Nyasa, Rolfe, in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vii. 86.
Ruchigga, 6000 ft. Fl. November, 462.
“5-6 feet high."

Distrib. Nyassaland.

L. KnznsrI, Reichb. f. in Linnea, xx. (1847) 685.

Ruchigga, 6800 ft. Fl. November, 427.

A fine plant with leaves 14 ft. long and scapes 3 ft. high ;
differing from the other specimens which I have seen in
its broadly elliptical, almost suborbicular sepals. Mr. Rolfe,
who has kindly given me his opinion on our specimen,
agrees that it is probably merely a form of this somewhat
variable species.

Distrib. Lake District on Mount Milanji and on the
Morambala Mountains in Portuguese East Africa, Also
in South Africa.

PrEROGLOSSASPIS RUWENZORIENSIS, Rolfe, in Dyer, Fl. Trop.
Afr. vii. 100.
Near Lake Karenge. Fl. November. No number.
Distrib. Mt. Ruwenzori, 5300-7000 ft.

P. Cansont, Rolfe, l. c.; var. MAJOR, var. nov. Planta egregia,
folis bipedalibus et scapo (cum racemo) 23-pedale ;
racemo 5 cm. long. quam in specie laxiore; bracteis
45 cm. long.; floribus paullo majoribus cum sepalis
petalisque paullo latioribus.

Hab. Kagera Valley near Mulema. Fl. May, 276.
* Flowers white with red centre."

Distrib. The species occurs in British Central Africa.

PorxsrAcuxa cuLTRATA, Lindl. Bot. Reg. sub t. $51.
Ruchigga. Fl. November, 412; fr., 425 in part.
‘Tree orchid with pink flowers."
Distrib. Cameroons, Kilimanjaro, and mountains of Usam-
bara. Also Madagascar, Mauritius, and Bourbon.
P. NIGRESCENS, Rendle, in Journ. Bot. xxxii. (1895) 200.
Hunga. Fl. November, 388.
* Tree orchid with yellow flowers."
Distrib. Ruwenzori, 7000-10,000 ft.

A. B. RENDLE: MONOCOTYLEDONS. 217

Differs from the original specimens collected by Scott Elliot
on Ruwenzori, in its branched inflorescence, the branches being
each a little shorter than the floriferous portion of the main
shoot. This character is of interest, as the species has hitherto
been contrasted with those most nearly allied to it by its simple
inflorescence.

PoOLYSTACHYA MUSOZENSIS, sp. nov.

Planta habitu P. imbricate, Rolfe, caulibus pedalibus pluri-
foliatis, folis lineari-oblongis 5-nervibus, siecis atro-
brunneis; panicule ramis pluribus internodia excedenti-
bus; bracteis imbricatis, demum patentibus, e basi lata
acutis, pedicello eum ovario brevioribus; floribus parvis,
siccis nigrescentibus ; sepalo dorsali ovato-oblongo, bre-
viter acuto; sepalis lateralibus triangulari-acutis, cum
columns pede mentum conspicuum rotundatum formanti-
bus; petalis lineari-spathulatis, obtusis, 3-nervibus ;
labello complicato, late unguiculato, superne trilobo, lobo
medio obtuso obsolete apieulato ; lobis lateralibus erectis
rotundatis, disco eum callo breviter linguiforme basi in-
strueto; columna brevi.

Hab. Lake shore, Musozi. Fl. January, 80.

^ Flowers greenish yellow."

Folia circa 15 cm. long., 8-16 mm. lat. Panicula circa 7 cm.
long., rami 1:5-2:5 em. long. Bractew circa 2 mm. long.
Flores cirea 1 em. long. Sepalum dorsale 6-7 mm. long.,
circa 2*5 inm. lat.; sepala lateralia circa 8 mm. long.,
eorum basis cum mento 7 mm. long. Petala circa 6 mm.
long., 1:3 mm. lat. Labellum vix 9 mm. long., 6 mm. lat. ;
ejus unguis parti superiori subequans 2-2:5 mm. lat.
Columna 1 min. long.

Near P. imbricata, Rolfe, but differs in its laxer panicle and
the larger, differently shaped lip of the flower. Also close to
P. Kraenzlinii, Rolfe, from Usambara, but distinguished by lip
characters.

P. NYANZENSIS, sp. nov.
Planta pseudobulbis czespitosis angustis, teretibus, unifoliatis,
H 3
pene ad apicem vaginatis; folio sessile, lineari-oblongo,
basi et apice obtuso angustato, plurinerve, sicco mem-
branaeeo, brunneo-nigrescenie; scapo simplici, sub
H D E)
parte florifera compresso, veluti bracteis floribusque

218 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

brunneo-puberulo; bracteis e basi triangulari acuminatis,
demum aristuliferis, pedieellos excedentibus; floribus
parvis; sepalo dorsali elliptico, apiee breviter caudato ;
sepalis lateralibus late triangularibus, obsolete eaudatis
cum columns: pede mentum obtusum ipsis brevior
formantibus ; petalis lineari-spathulatis, obtusis, obsolete
apiculatis ; labello conduplicato, late unguiculato, trilobo,
lobo medio orbiculare, obtuso, lobis lateralibus erectis,
oblique ovatis, disco eum eallo tuberculiforme basi in-
structo ; columna robusta, 1 mm. longa; eapsulis sparse
puberulis, anguste oblongis.

Hab. Lake shore, Musozi. Fl. & Fr. January, 96.

Pseudobulbi 6:5 em. long., circa 4 mm. diam. Folia circa
13-15 em. long., 1-2 em. lat. Seapus circa 10 em. long.,
pars florifera circa 5 em. long. Bracteæ 5-7 mm. long.,
pedicellus 2 mm. long. Sepalum dorsale 5:5-6 mm.
long., eauda breve (vix 2 mm. long.) inclusa, 3 mm. lat.,
sepala lateralia 7 mm. long. et lat., mento incluso (3 mm.
long.) Petala 4-5 mm. long. Labellum 8 mm. long.,
4—45 mm. lat. Lobus medianus c. 3 mm. long. et lat.,
lobi laterales e. 1 mm. long. Columna 1 mm. long.
Capsula circa 2 em. long.

Near P. Kirkii, Rolfe, from the Mombasa district, which it
resembles in habit, but is distinguished by the minute details of
the flower, such as the shortly caudate dorsal sepal, shape of the
petals, orbieular mid-lobe of lip, &e.

POLYSTACHYA INCONSPICUA, Sp. Ov.

Planta parvula, habitu P. alpine, Lindl., sicca nigrescens,
caulibus brevibus cespitosis in radicibus numerosis den-
sius nidulantibus; pseudobulbis angustis subteretibus,
quoque cum vagina tubuliforme circumdato, unifoliatis ;
folio sessile lineari-lanceolato, acuto ; scapo racemoso folio
subzquali, glabro, in parte inferiore compresso, sub medio
bracteato, supra medium florifero cum braeteis parvis
late ovato-triangularibus, acutis, pedicellum brevem ex-
cedentibus; floribus parvulis luteis; sepalo dorsali con-
avo, late elliptico, obtuso; sepalis lateralibus dorsali
similibus sed in mentum elongatum apice bigibbosum cum
column: pede extensis; petalis spathulatis, obtusis;
labello valde unguiculato, basi paullo ampliato, supra
medium trilobato, lobo medio orbiculare, lobis lateralibus

A. B. RENDLE : MONOCOTYLEDONS. 219

paullo minoribus, ovato-oblongis, obtusis; disco cum
crista transversa instructo; columna breve, robusta;
capsulis ellipsoideis.

Hab. Ruchigga. Fl. November, 425 in part.

* Flowers yellowish."

Caulis, racemo incluso, 4 em. long. — Pseudobulbi cire:
lem. long. vel minores, 1-1:5 mm. diam. Folia ad 2-
25 em. long. cirea 5 em. lat. Seapus 2-2:5 em. long.:
bractex fertiles 15 mm. long. Flores circa 6 mm. long.
Sepalum dorsale 2:5 mm. long., vix 2 mm. lat. Sepala
lateralia equilonga; mentum 3 mm. long. Petala circa
2 mm. long. Labellum circa 6 mm. long. ad 3 mm. lat. ;
unguis pene 4 mm. long.; basi L5 mm. lat., lobus
medianus 1°5 mm. long. Columna cirea 1 mm. long.
Capsula 8 mm. long., circa 4 mm. diam.

A distinct species recalling P. alpina, Lindl. (from Fernando
Po), in its habit and minute flowers, but distinguished by the
several-flowered raceme aud the details of floral structure,
especially the absence of the large callus on the lip.

POLYSTACHYA ARISTULIFERA, Sp. nov.

Planta habitu P. fusiformis, Lindl., pseudobulbis super-
positis, ey lindricis, superne latioribus, folio infimo elliptico,
superioribus majoribus, lineari-oblongis ad lanceolatis;
panieulis puberulis; bracteis e basi lata setiformibus, in
parte panicula inferiore pedicellum brevissimum cum
ovario equantibus, in parte superiore brevioribus ; floribus
parvis glabrescentibus; sepalo dorsali late ovato, apice
acuminato breviter caudato, 3-nervi, sepalis lateralibus
dorsali similibus sed latioribus (triangulari-ovatis) eum
columna mentum saccatum obtusum formantibus; petalis
lineari-oblongis, acutis, uninervibus ; labello late ungui-
eulato, trinervi, trilobato, lobo medio orbiculare ex apice
retuso apieulato, margine crispulato, lobis lateralibus or-
biculari-ovatis, obtusis, suberectis, disco cum callo parvo
rotundato instructo ; columna robusta; capsulis oblongis.

Hab. Ruchigga. Fl. November, 446.

Pseudobulbi circa 4 cm. long. Folium infimum 3°5-5 cm.
long., 1:5-2 cm. lat., superiora ad 12 cm. long., 1°8 em. lat.
Panicula eirca 6 em. long. Bracteæ ad 1 cm. long. in
parte panicule inferiore, in parte superiore duplo minores.

220

BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

Flores *5 cm. long. Sepalum dorsale 4'5 mm. long. ;
sepala lateralia 5 mm. long. Petala circa 4 mm. long.,
vix 1 mm. lat. Labellum 4°5 mm. long., vix 4 mm. lat.
Lobus medius, lobos laterales excedens, paullo plus quam

2 mm. long. et lat. Columna vix plus quam 1 mm. long.

Very near Polystachya fusiformis, but distinguished by the
less diffuse panicle, and the larger flowers with tailed sepals.

LrsrRosrACHYS vesicata, Reichb. f. in Flora, xlviii. (1865)

190.

Wood near Kabora river. Fl. February, 169.
“ Flowers yellow."
Distrib. Coast region of Bay of Guinea from Ashanti to

Cameroons.

MYSTACIDIUM UGANDENSE, sp. nov.

Planta habitu M. vanthopollinii, caule elongato cum radici-

bus, foliorum vaginas persistentes perforantibus, instructo;
foliis linearibus, apice inequaliter bilobis ; racemis axil-
laribus, folia subsequantibus, sublaxiter plurifloris (flores
circa 10) ; bracteis ocreatis, obscure apieulatis; floribus
brevissime pedicellatis ; sepalo dorsali elliptico-oblongo,
breviter apieulato, cum nervo mediano valido, lateralibus
oblongis vix apieulatis; petalis late ellipticis, obtusis,
manifeste 5-nervibus ; labello flabelliforme, valde emar-
ginato, margine edentula, venis numerosis radiantibus
conspicue lineato, calcari anguste cylindrico recurvato,
quam labello paullo lougiore: rostello rostrato, polliniorum
stipitibus glandulisque geminis ut in genere.

Hab. Ruchigga. Fl. November, 425 in part.
Caulis 8-9 em. long., circa 4 mm. diam. Foliorum vagin»

persistentes circa 8 mm. long. Folia circa 6 em. long.,
5-6 mm. lat. Bractez 2 mm. iong., pedicellus cum ovario
vix 3 mm. long. Sepalum dorsale 4 mm. long., vix
2 mm. lat.; sepala lateralia :quilonga sed paullo an-
gustiora. Petala sepalis zequilonga 2:5 mm. lat. Labellum
vix 6 mm. long. et paullo latior; calcar labello subæquans,

l mm. diam. Columna vix 2 mm. long.

L have carefully compared the flowers of this plant with
flowers of the type of M. canthopollinium, collected by Welwitsch
in Angola, and think that the Uganda plant certainly represents
a distinct species. The parts of the flower in the Uganda plant
are prominently veined and lack the copious pustulation of the

A. B. RENDLE : MONOCOTYLEDONS. 221
Angolan specimens, and the lip is markedly different in the
iwo sets of specimens, being larger in the Uganda form with a
well-marked central notch, while in the Angolan plant there is
a small eentral lobe. The leaves are also narrower, and the
racemes shorter and less densely flowered than in M. vantho-
pollinium.

BRACHYCORYTHIS PUBESCENS, Harv. Thes. Cap. i. 35, t. 54.
Near Lake Karenge. Fl. November. No number.
Distrib. British East Africa and Nyassaland, also Angola.

Also in the Transvaal and Natal.
HABENARIA FOLIOSA, Reichd. f. in Flora, |. (1867) 100.
Bank of River Kagera, near Mulema. Fl. June, 323.
* Flowers white."
The specimen approaches my var. epipactidea (Welw. Cat.

ii. 15) (H. epipactidea, Reichb. f.), a plant collected by Welwitsch

in marsbes near the River Monino, in Huilla.

H. NDIANA, Rendle, in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xxx. (1895) 393.
Near Mulema. Fl. May, 265.
* Flowers greenish.”
Distrib. British East Africa: Ndi Mountains, at 4400 ft.

H. HocnsTETTERIANJE, Kränzl. ev Engler, Hochgebirgsfl. Trop.
Afr. 180.
Near Lake Karenge. Fl. November. No number.
Distrib. Abyssinia.
H. Soxauxit, Kränzl. in Engler, Jahrb. xvi. (1892) 93.
Near River Rufüa. Fl. December, 501: and in marsh,
Kanabulim ; Fl. November, 35.
* White flowers."

An interesting discovery, as the species has only hitherto been
known from the original locality, Kitamba in the Gaboon, West
Tropical Africa.

Dr. Kránzlin has kindly compared our specimen with his type
in the Berlin Herbarium, and confirms my opinion as to the
identity of the plants. The spur in the Uganda specimens is
filiform only for about two-thirds of its length, the apical
portion being inflated. Dr. Krünzlin finds that in his specimen
the apical portion has shrivelled, the spur being apparently
filiform throughout its length and suggests that this represents a
later stage.

The species is a fine one and among the largest flowered in the
genus.

222 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION,
Bonatea Kayseri, Rolfe, in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vii. 255.
Hillside near Mulema. FI. May, 273.
Native name * Duvera.” * Green and white flowers.”
Distrib, Mi. Kilimanjaro, 4500-5000 ft.; and Mlalo,
Usambara.

SaryRIUM CORIOPHOROIDES, 4. Rich. in Ann. Se. Nat. scr. IT.
xiv. (1840) 274.
Near Lake Karenge. Fl. November. No number.
Distrib. Abyssinia.

S. NILOTICUM, Rendle, in Journ. Bot. xxxii. (1895) 296.
Ruchigga, in marsh, 6000 ft. Fl. November, 461.
Distrió. Uganda, 7000-5000 ft. on the Nandi Range,
Kavirondo.

DISA ERUBESCENS, Rendle, in Journ. Dot. xxxiii. (1895) 297.
Ruchigga, 7700 ft. Fl. December, 465.
Distr. Mt. Ruwenzori, 6000-7000 ft., and mountains of
British Central Afriean Lake-distriet.

D. ocirgosrAcnYa, Zéeichb. f. in Flora, lxviii. (1865) 181.

Var. MAJOR, var. nov. Planta robusta, caule 8 mm. crasso, ad
inflorescentiz basin 5 dm. alt.; spica quam in specie
longiore et densiore, plus quam 3 dm. long. 2-2°5 em.
diam.

Near Lake Karenge. FI. November. No number.
Distrib. The species occurs in Huilla, Angola.
Dr. Bagshawe’s plant represents a more robust and more
floriferous form of the Angolan species; there is no dis-
tinguishing feature in the flowers.

D. sTOLONIFERA, Pendle, n. sp.

Herba erecta, rufescens, glabra, stolonifera, caule 3:5 dm.,
foliato, et cum vaginis membranaceis induto ; foliis erecto-
patentibus, e vagina amplexicaule, linearibus, acutis, supra
caulis medium in bracteas deerescentibus; spica ellip-
soidea, sublaxiter multiflora ; bracteis lanceolatis, acumi-
natis, ovario subæquantibus; floribus roseis, erecto-
patentibus; sepalo dorsali, erecto, cucullato, obtuso, dorso
in calcar sub-basale, longum, tenue, arcuato-patens pro-
ducto, sepalis lateraiibus elliptico-oblongis, obtusis, infra
apicem apiculatis, petala et labellum excedentibus, his
erectis e basi angustata subrhomboideis; labello patulo-

A. B. RENDLE : MONOCOTYLEDONS. 223

elliptico, basi angustato, apice obtuse apiculato; anthera
horizontale; rostello truncato, cum plica inter anthere
loculos intermedia.
Hab. Ruchigga, in marsh, at 6000 ft. 463.
* Flowers pink.”
Folia, eum vaginis, ad 2:4 dm. long. 1 em. lat. Spica
8 cm. long., circa 4 cm. diam.; bracteæ 2 em. long.
Sepalum dorsale (complanatum) 8 mm. long.; anthere
2-2 mm. long.; calcar 277 cm. long., circa 1 mm. crass.
Sepala lateralia 11 mm. long., latitudine dimidio minora.
Petala 8 mm. long. ad 4 mm. Jat. Labellum vix 1 em.
long. et 4 mm. lat.
Near Disa Stairsii, Krünzl, but a less robust plant with
narrower leaves, a less dense inflorescenee, a longer spur to the
dorsal sepal, larger lip, and broader larger petals.

InibpACKEE.

Artstea JonNsTONIANA, Rendle, in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. IL,
Bot. iv. (1894) 48.
Below Ruchigga. Fl. & fr. December, 504. Hill near
R. Rufüa. Fl. & Fr. January, 546.
Distrib. East Tropical Africa.
QLADIOLUS Quartinianus, Á. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 806.
Near River Rufüu. Fl. December, 514.
Ruchigga. In fl. November, 414.
Distrib. Widely distributed in the mountains of Tropical
Arica.
AMARYLLIDACER.

Hypoxts VILLOSA, Linn. f. Suppl. 198.
Near Kikobe ferry on the River Kagera. Fl. March, 177.
Distrib. Tropical and South Africa.
Crinum Tunvprir, Baker, in James, Unknown Horn of Africa,
322.
Kikobe ferry, River Kagera. Fl. March, 173.
Distrib. Previously collected in Somaliland and the northern
part of British East Africa.

llxwawTHUS RaDCLIFFEI, sp. nov. (Pl. 4.)
Herba glabra e rhizomate crasso, radicifero ; foliis tribus vel
pluribus, e basi late vaginante longe petiolatis; petiolo

224

BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

alato; lamina oblongo-elliptiea, apice obtusa, basi in
petiolum gradatim angustata, in sieco papyracea; venis,
cum venulis transversalibus regulariter junetis, utrinque
6 conspicuis; scapo centrali, basi crasso, cum foliis mem-
branaceis brevibus vaginato ; bracteis involuerantibus
scariosis, valde reflexis; umbella globosa, circa 20-flora ;
pedicellis quam bracteis longioribus; perianthii tubo
tenui cylindrico, quam segmentis breviore, segmentis
lineari-lanceolatis, acutis, patentibus, denuo reflexis,
rosels, 5-nervibus ; filamentis segmenta excedentibus.

Forest near mouth of River Kagera. Fl. February, 558.
* Herb with pink flowers."
Rhizoma 3 em. long. 15 em. crass. Petiolus circa

20 cm. long., complanatus, *5 em. lat., in laminam cirea
20 em. long., et 5 em. lat. transiens. — Seapus petiolos
subzquans; bracteæ 2:5 cm. long. Umbella cirea 13 em.
diam. Pedicelli circa 3:5. em. long. Perianthii tubus
1:5 em. long; cirea 1 mm. diam. ; segmenta 3 em. long.,
vix'5em.lat. Staminum filamenta ad 4 em. long., authere

1:5 mm. long.

There is practically no bulb-development, the fleshy base of
ihe seape being enveloped by the scarcely fleshy sheaths of the
foliage-leaves and a number of inner membranous sheaths.

Near the Congo species, Memanthus Lindeni, N. E. Br., which,
however, has a much more floriferous umbel, and ovate-lanceolate
or ovate-oblong leaves with a broadly rounded, subtruneate or
subeordate base.

DroscoREACE Xx.

DIOSCOREA QuARTINIANA, A. Rich. Tent. FI. Abyss, ui. 316,

t. 96 a.

Gully near Mulema. Fr. May, 295.
Native name * Echangarabom.”
Distrib. Widely spread in Tropical Atrica.

LILIACEE.

SMILAX KRAUSSIANA, Meissn. in Flora, xxviii. (1845) 312.

Edge of swamp, Musozi. Male fl. February, 165.
Native name * Mukdokolo.” “Stem used to make fish-

baskets.”

A. B. RENDLE : MONOCOTYLEDONS. 225

Coast of Vietoria Nyanza. Female fl., March, 586.
Distrib. Widely spread in Tropical Africa ; also in South
Africa.

ASPARAGUS Bucuanant, Baker, in Kew Bull. (1893) 211.
Near Kikobe ferry, River Kagera. Fl. March, 179.
Native name “ Rashavashava."
Distrib, German East Africa, Nyassaland and the Zambesi.

A. FALCATUS, Linn. Sp. Pl. 313.
Near Mulema. F]. March, 186.
Distrib. Tropical and South Africa. Also Tropical Asia.

DRACENA STEUDNERI, Engler, Pflanzenwelt Ost- Afr. C. 143.
Musozi. Fr. January, 104.
Native name “ Kikajo enjovu ” (elephant's cane).
Distrib. Abyssinia.

I have not seen an authoritative specimen of this plant, and
as our specimen bears no flowers, the determination is somewhat
tentative. The woody apex of the shoot is nearly 2 em. in
diameter, and bears a head of crowded, long, narrowly lanceolate
leaves tapering to the sheathing base, from 40-50 dm. long and
4 em. or slightly less in breadth, with the midrib prominent for
about two-thirds the length from the base. The shortly pedi-
cellate flowers are fascicled in several clusters at the ends of the
subcompressed branchlets of the panicle. The berries are from
1 to 14 em. in diameter.

ALOE JOHNSTONI, Baker, in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. il., Bot. ii.
(1887) 351, t. 63.
Hillside, Mulema. Fl. April, 241.
Distrib. British East Africa.

BULBINE ASPHODELOIDES, Schult. f. Syst. Veg. vii. 444.
Near Kiboke ferry, River Kagera. Fl. March, 174.
Distrib, East Tropical Africa from Abyssinia to the Cape
and Portuguese West Africa.

ScILLA CHLORANTHA, Baker, in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vii. 555.
Near Mulema. Fl. April, 259.
Leaves of some plants plain, of others mottled with brown
spots.

Distrib. Bahr-el-Ghazal.

226 THE BOTANY OF THE ANGLO-GERMAN

COMMELINACE®.

ANEILEMA BENINIENSE, Kunth, Enum. Pl. iv. 73.

Musozi. Fl. & fr. January, 129.

“About 5 feet high, supported by a mass of other vegetation
in marsh with 6-12 inches of water, at edge of marsh
forest. Flowers inconspicuous, purple."

Burumba, trailing at edge of brook. Fl. July, 371.

* Flowers pinkish blue.”

Distrib. Widely spread iu Tropical Africa.

POTAMOGETONACE &.
APONOGETON VALLISNERIOIDES, Baker, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix.
(1873) 158.
Pool on hillside above Mulema. FI. & young Fr., April,
251.
Distrib. Central Africa and Niger Territory.

GYMNOSPERMS.
(By A. B. ReNprE, D.Se., F.L.S.)

PopocARPUS MILANJIANA, Kendle, in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. Il.,
Bot. iv. (1894) 61.
Lake shore, Musozi. 125.
Native name “ Chuzizimo." ** Cut into planks for canoes.”
Distrib. East Tropical Africa.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.
Prate l.

'TRIMERIA MACROPHYLLA, Baker fil.

1. Portion of branch with male inflorescence, nat. size.

2. Stipule, enlarged.

3. Male flower, enlarged.

4. Back view of male flower, enlarged.

5. Stamen, enlarged.

6. Capsule, enlarged.

. Diagram of tetramerous male flower: a, rudimentary ovary ; b, stamen ;
c, gland ; d, petal; e, sepal.

Fig.

LiNN.Soc.JounN.Bomr.Vor. XXXVII. PI. 1.

Baker.

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n aa

oA
X
xul

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X

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EN
Y.
7

y
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West,Newman imp.

Baker fil.anal

(RIME RIA MACROPHYLLA, Baker fil.

mI
a

J.N.Fitch lith.

Linn.Soc. Journ. Bor.Vor..XX XVII. P1. 2.

S. Moore.

West,Newman im p

STYASASIA AFRICANA, S Moore.

S.Moore del.
J.N. Fitch lith.

Rendle. LiNN.Soc.JounN. Bot. Vou. XXXVII. P1. 3.

A.
J.

West,Newman imp.

ERYTHROCOCCA PAXII, Aende.

Linn.Soc. Journ. Bot Vor. XXXVII. Pl. 4.

Rendle.

N

. hoo
. J 7 ]
anne O NER. WU fom c
NV mm QN / E

Su X Ü
e \
i

West, Newman imp

J.N.Fitch lith.

fre ndale .

HAEMANTHUS RADCLIFFEL,

Fig.

Fig.

- C) DU a C5 b n

CONAN RE WE

UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.

PLATE 2.

STYASASIA AFRICANA, S. Moore,

. Branch, with leaves and inflorescence, nat. size.

. Flower, laid open, enlarged,

. Pollen-grain, highly magnified.

. Calyx, with bracts, ovary, and style, enlarged.

- One cell of ovary opened, showing ovules, enlarged,
. Fruit, showing seed, enlarged.

. Seed, magnified.

PLATE 3.

Eryrnrococca Pax, Rendle.

- Branch with male flowers, nat. size.

do. female flowers, do.
Male inflorescence, enlarged.

. Single flower of same, magnified.
. Stamen, magnified.

Female inflorescence, enlarged,

. Young fruit, enlarged.
. Ripe fruit dehiscing, enlarged.
. Seed, magnified.

PLATE 4.

HuAxTHUS RADcLirFEI, Rendle.

Natural size.

LINN. JOURN.— BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII.

227

228 PROF. R. J. HARVEY GIBSON ON THE AXILLARY

The Axillary Scales of Aquatic Monocotyledons. By R. J.
Harvey Grsxon, M.A., F.L.S., Professor of Botany in the
University of Liverpool.

[Read 6th April, 1905. |
(Prates 5 & 6.)

Dunmiwe the course of an investigation into the anatomy of
certain species of Selaginella (1), I had occasion to compare the
origin and development of the ligule of that genus with that of
Isoëtes, and suggested a possible function for the structure in
question. The ligule appeared to me to be of the nature of a
specialised ramentum, such as one finds so frequently in Filicinez,
protecting and keeping moist the young leaves and growing apex.
This view was based on the contents of the cells of which it was
composed, the large vascular supply and its history in relation
to the leaf with which it 1s associated.

That the ligule is of considerable phylogenetie importance
I think cannot be doubted, although its functional importance
in recent forms may perhaps be regarded as secondary. Its
occurrence in fossil Pteridophyta seems to have been widespread,
as shown by the researches of Hovelaeque (2), Maslen (3),
Scott (4) and others. In view of the frequently expressed
suggestion that the aquatie Monocotyledons may be looked upon
as modern representatives of the more primitive Angiosperms,
and that these in turn may have been genetically related to the
ancestors of such types as Zso£fes, it occurred to me that it might
be worth while to enquire into the structure of any vestigial
members present in aquatie Monocotyledons which might suggest
affinity with such problematical ancestors. The axillary scales
known to occur in many Helobiee presented themselves as
appropriate subjects for investigation, and the present paper
embodies the results of an examination both of the adult strueture

and of the development of these struetures in the following
genera :—

Potamogetonaces: Zostera (Z. marina and Z. nana), Potamo-
geton (P. perfoliatus and P. crispus), Ruppia sp.

Aponogetonaces : Aponogeton distachyon.

Juncaginacee : Triglochin (T. maritimum and T. palustre).

Alismacese : Alisma (A. Plantago and A. ranunculoides),
Sagittaria sagittifolia.

SCALES OF AQUATIC MONOCOTYLEDONS. 229

Butomacese: Butomus umbellatus, Limnocharis (Hydrocleis)
nymphoides.
Hydrocharidaceæ : Halophila ovata, Stratiotes aloides, Hydro-
charis Morsus-rane, Vallisneria spiralis.
I desire to express my indebtedness to Professor I. Bayley
Balfour, F.R.S., and Mr. A. C. Seward, F.R.S., for material of
some of the rarer species.

ZOSTERA.

In Z. marina the bases of the older leaves form complete
sheaths for some distance upward from their origin, the combined
series forming a very much flattened ellipse in section. On one
side the sheathing base is thin and parenchymatous, on the other
thick, and contains several vascular strands. The thicker and
thinner regions of successive sheaths alternate. The axillary
scales (first described by Bornet (5)) occur at the margins of the
ellipse, usually two, three, or four at either margin. The scales
vary much in size, some being quite minute. There are no
scales along the flat sides of the ellipse, save occasionally in the
ease of the younger, more central leaves. Adjacent scales
frequently interlock so that the bluntly rounded edge of one
scale is embraced by two flange-like ridges of the other. The
appearance in section thus suggests a ball-and-socket joint
(Pl. 5. fig. 2). Each seale consists of a pedicel of cells six to
eight rows in thickness, polygonal in sectional outline and
taking on a deeper stain than the remaining cells of the scale,
which are long and narrow (Pl. 5. fig. 4).

In development the ridge from which the scales arise is multi-
cellular from the commencement, and in this respect as well as
in general shape the scale resembles elosely the ligule of Selagi-
nella. There is, however, no special basal layer such as I have
described as occurring at the base of the ligule in that genus.

In Zostera nana the axillary scales are quite similar in appear-
ance. Usually, however, there is only one scale situated at
either margin of the ellipse. The vascular strands of the leaf run
very close to the base of the scale, separated from it, in faet, by
only 2-3 layers of thin-walled parenehyma, but in no case is
there any enlargement or expansion of tracheides into a vascular
cup, so prominent a feature in many species of Selaginella. The
scales in Z. nana are much shorter than in Z. marina and show a
narrower pedicel, enlarging into a basal region 8-10 cells thick,

which tapers gradually into unilamellar margins and apex.
R2

230 PROF. R. J. HARVEY GIBSON ON THE AXILLARY

PoTAMOGETON.

The axillary scales in Potamogeton perfoliatus differ markedly
from those of Zostera, being in the form of plates of parenchy-
matous cells, usually two cells in thickness throughout the
greater part of their extent, and extending laterally in the leaf-
axil for a distance of about two-thirds of the insertion of the
leaf. Developmentally the scale arises from a single row of cells
(Pl. 6. fig. 7), which very soon divides into two layers (fig. 8).
Distally these mitral cells divide frequently, until at a short
distance from the axil the scale becomes 6-8 cells thick. The
remainder—by far the greater part—of the scale is two cells in
thickness, becoming at the apex unilamellar. The vascular bundle
entering the leaf, although it does not show any tracheidal cup,
thickens slightly by developing in that situation one or two short
accessory tracheides.

In Potamogeton crispus the axillary scales are much smaller,
but are identical in general character with those of P. perfoliatus.
Their bases also are not so much swollen.

The general features of the scales in this genus were first
described by Irmisch in 1858 (6).

Ruppia and APONOGETON.

In an unnamed species of Ruppia from Rodriguez, collected
by Prof. Bayley Balfour, and in Aponogeton distachyon the scales
are solitary in the axils of each leaf and arise from a double row
of initial eells. Older scales in Aponogeton show a certain
amount of cutinization of the basal cells of the scale, a feature
to which I will refer under Hydrocharis.

Dutailly (7) records the occurrence of scales (in Aponogeton) in
the axils of consecutive leaves, and speaks of them as exhibiting
intercalary growth. This mode of growth is common to all cases
which I have examined.

TRIGLOCHIN.

In Triglochin maritimum the axillary scales are large and
broad, and arise from the base of the sheath of the leaf rather
than from the axil. In the allied species Triglochin palustre
the scales are more of the type seen in Potamogeton and the
basal cells of older seales show marked cutinization.

to
Qo
m

SCALES OF AQUATIC MONOCOTYLEDONS.

ALISMA.

Transverse sections of young shoots of Alisma Plantago
exhibit an appearance such as that represented in fig. 1, Pl. 5,
where the bases of the sheathing-leaves are seen to be separated
from each other by numerous multicellular plates. The number
of scales between each pair of leaves is very variable. I have
counted as many as 27, but the usual number appears to be from
10 to 15. The distance apart of the scales varies with the level
of the section and the age of the shoot, and it would appear from
that fact, as also from other evidence, that the seales in process of
growth become divided into smaller and smaller segments. Each
scale is an elongated ramentum-like plate (fig. 14, Pl. 6) consisting
of one layer of slightly prosenchymatous cells, ending in a more
orless blunt or truncated apex. The basal cells next the axil
are parenehymatous and in early stages are merismatie. Iu
longitudinal sections of the growing apex (fig. 3, Pl. 5, & fig. 12,
Pl. 6) the scales are seen to be produced by segmentation of a
single row of axillary cells, the free segments so formed them-
selves segmenting into a distal series which gradually elongate
to form the plate-cells, whilst the proximal eells again undergo
division, adding to those already formed.

Although the majority of the scales in A. Plantago arise
singly, still not infrequently scales arise from two or more rows
of cells concentrically placed. The appearance is then suggestive
of a bi- or even multi-lamellar origin, until the further evolution
of the scales is traced, when it is seen that each row has an
independent development and results in the formation of two or
mor: concentrically placed scales in each axil, a condition quite
common in the allied species A. ranunculoides (Pl. 6. fig. 17),
Rarely the separation of the initial layers does not take place for
some time, and the bases of two and even more scales may then
be said to show congenital fusion. In A. ranunculoides the
normal condition, at least in the young state, is that sbowing in
transverse section two or more rows of scales abreast, and this
is coufirmed by examination of longitudinal sections. The mode
of development, however, does not appear to differ from that
just described in Alisma Plantago. Scales are entirely wanting
between the floral leaves of both species.

232 PROF. R. Je HARVEY GIBSON ON THE AXILLARY

SAGITTARIA.

The axillary scales in Sagittaria sagittifolia, described by
Nolte so long ago as 1825 (8), are very numerous, as evidenced
both by dissection and by transverse sections. Each scale begins
as a multicellular ridge, 6-12 rows in thickness (Pl. 5. fig. 5).
Each epidermal cell or cell-row gives rise by transverse division
io a filament or plate which may remain distinct, or, as is more
usual, grow in conjunction with other cell-rows or plates for a
considerable distance, finally separating into numerous free
filaments or plates. In consequence the closely packed young
leaves are surrounded on all sides by succulent cellular threads
or masses.

Buromus.

In Butomus umbellatus the bases of successive leaves are
separated by numerous filamentous scales, some thread-like,
others two or more cells broad, arranged and developing in a
manner quite similar to those of Alisma Plantago. Indeed,
fig. 12, Pl. 6, might stand for a longitudinal section of the base
of an axillary scale of Butomus as well as for that of Alisma.

HYDROCLEIS.

The axillary scales in Hydrocleis nymphoides recall those of
Sagittaria both in structure and mode of development. Each
scale arises from a multicellular axillary ridge, and the cell-rows
separate distally into numerous elongated plates or filaments.
In consequence of the crowded arrangement of the scales the
young leaves, as in Sagittaria, appear as though completely
imbedded in a parenchymatous mass. The nuclei of the cells of
the scales are long, rod-shaped, and deeply stainable. Dutailly (9)
describes axillary scales in Hydrocleis Humboldtii, and remarks
that they completely envelop the young leaves, acting as a
protective sheath and arising soon after the leaves themselves.

HALOPHILA.

The genus Halophila has formed the subject of an exhaustive
memoir (10) by Prof. Bayley Balfour, in which the morphology
of “ squamulæ intervaginales,” as the axillary scales were called
by Irmisch, is discussed. To this I shall have occasion to refer
later.

SCALES OF AQUATIC MONOCOTYLEDONS. 233

The scales are solitary in the axil of each leaf, arising from a
double row of initial cells and maintaining that thickness through-
out save at the extreme margins, where they are unilamellar.
The leaf possesses a relatively massive median vascular bundle,
and the scale, at first central in position, takes up later an
oblique position opposite one of the thinner lamell: of the leaf,
or forks into two wings one on either side of the midrib. Bal-
four (11) elsewhere describes the existence of az axillary scale,
and points out that though at first median it attains later a
lateral position. In the memoir above referred to (10) he says
* there are two of these (scales) at the insertion of every leaf
placed one on either side of its base." These two somewhat
divergent statements may perhaps be reconciled by the scale some-
times splitting, sometimes remaining entire.

STRATIOTES.

The scales in Stratiotes aloides are most variable in number
owing to their frequent division. As an example, I may give
the number of scales in the first twenty leaves of the bud in a
case in which the scales were counted :—

I= 2: II- 7: III- 7: IV= 9: V= 8:
VI=10: VII- 7: VUI=7: IX= 9: X=10:
XI= 9: XII213: XIII-I11: XIV=13: XV=13:

XVI2 8: XVII=14: XVIII— 9: XIX=12: XX=11.

The scales appear to arise from a ridge of three or four cells,
and maintain that thickness for some distance above the point of
origin (Pl. 6. fig. 13). The main body of the scale is two layers
in thickness, reduced at the free end to one layer. [The spaces
between the closely-packed leaves are the abode usually of
countless numbers of nematode worms. |

HYDROCHARIS.

Two or three massive scales appear in each leaf-axil of Hydro-
charis Morsus-ranc, resembling in appearance those of Stratiotes.
One peculiarity worthy of note is the early cutinization of the
basal cells of the scale, which then stand out prominently. As
cutinization progresses the cell-contents, at first very prominent
and taking on a deep stain, gradually disappear. In old scales
the cells are quite empty (Pl. 6. fig. 11). The upper part of the
scale then drops off, leaving a cutinized ridge only. The cutin

234 PROF. R. J. HARVEY GIBSON ON THE AXILLARY

is first deposited in the radial walls of the basal cells and gradu-
ally extends to the other walls of these and neighbouring cells.
The general appearance recalls the sheathing-cells of the glosso-
` podium of the ligules of Selaginella. The same phenomenon is
noticeable in the basal cells of other genera, notably Triglochin
and Aponogeton.

VALLISNERIA.

Two to five somewhat massive scales occur in the axil of each
leaf of Vallisneria spiralis. Each arises from a ridge three cells
in thickness, rapidly dividing so that the scale becomes finally
about 5-6 cells thick. This thickness it maintains for most of
its length. Müller (12) speaks of the development of the scale
as being due to the activity of an apical cell-row. The mode of
growth, however, appears to me to be, as in other forms, in-
variably basal. I have never seen any evidence of apical growth
in any of the axillary seales I have examined.

The Morphology and Physiology of Axillary Scales.

Speculations as to the morphological value and physiological
purpose of axillary scales are not wanting. The subject was
discussed by Irmisch (6) in 1858, afterwards by Prillieux (13)
and by Balfour (10), and yet in 1882 Buchenau writes: “Ueber
ihre morphologische und physiologische Bedeutung sind wir noch
immer im Unklaren." Irmisch (6) holds that the axillary scales
are trichomic, and considers that they are protective organs to
the merismatie structures in their vicinity. Prillieux, on the
other hand, inclines to the belief in a stipular homology for
them. Balfour (10) steers a median course, suggesting that
from “position and development” they may be in Halophila
ovalis designated as “ stipules,” but doubtfully so in H. stipu-
lacea, which possesses membranous wings on either side of the
petiole in addition to the axillary scales. He decides to retain
Irmisch’s name “as indicating a special form of structure, what-
ever be its morphological value.”

My own view is that these axillary scales are homologous with
the more specialised and solitary ligules of Selaginella, of Tsoétes,
and of such fossil forms of Pteridophyta as Lepidodendron,
where the presence of a ligule was demonstrated by Solms-
Laubach (15) and by Hovelacque (2), and in Lepidostrobus,
where a ligule is described by Maslen (3).

SCALES OF AQUATIC MONOCOTYLEDONS. 235

Without unduly emphasising minute anatomical detail, I
would draw attention first to the close resemblance between the
figures showing early developmental stages in the scales of Potamo-
geton and Alisma (Pl. 5. fig. 3 & Pl. 6. figs. 7, S, and those of
corresponding stages in the ligules of Selaginella figured both by
Bower (18) and by myself (1). In the paper referred to (1) I
laid stress on certain peculiarities seen in the ligules of Selagi-
nella, more especially (a) the close association of the ligules with
the young leaves and growing apex; (b) the deeply stainable con-
tents of the ligular cells in the young condition especially ; (e) the
ultimate isolation of the ligule by cutinization of its basal cells ;
(4) its early appearance aud early decay; (e)its variable form
and state of development; and lastly (f) its probable homology
with a ramentum. In all these characters the scales described
above show a strong family likeness. The scales are almost
simultaneous in development with the leaves, their cells are
deeply stainable, they contain abundant protoplasm, they show
the same merismatie basal layer, the same development of an
isolating cutinization in the basal cells when their merismatic
functions have ceased. There are, it is true, points of difference,
the chief of which are (a) the non-differentiation of a special
glossopodium, and (b) the non-development of any vascular
dilatation of the leaf-trace below their point of origin. These
differences, however, do not appear to me to form insuperable
dillieulties in establishing the homology I desire to make out;
since in the first place histologically differentiation has not
reached a very high level in aquatic monocotyledons, and in the
second place, being aquatie and in the young condition even
submerged plants, there would appear to be no necessity for any
enlargement of the, in itself, feebly developed leaf-trace in the
vicinity of the leaf-rudiments. If the term “ stipule” has been
made to include, as Balfour says (10. p. 14), both “a lateral
branch of a leaf arising at its very point of insertion” as well as
“structures organically connected with the stem,” or, in a word,
* any small appendieular structures found in the vicinity of the
base of the leaf,” we are, I think, in danger, by over-dependence
on the connotation of a term, to lose sight of what may ulti-
mately prove to be important homologies. The discovery of the
occurrence of a ligule in the Lepidodendres leads Scoit (4) to
assert the probable affinity of that group “ with Selaginella or
Isoctes, rather than with Lycopodium, among recent members of

236 PROF. R. J. HARVEY GIBSON ON THE AXILLARY

the order." There is no desire, so far as I am aware, to homo-
gise the *stipules " of Marattia with the ligules of the Selagi-
nellaceæ ; and I scarcely think the lateral displacement of the
scales in such a type as Halophila justifies us in drawing more
than an analogy between them and the stipular leaf-appendages
so rare in leaves with broad insertions, but so common a feature
in dieotyledonous morphology.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

1. Ginsow, R. J. Harvey.—Contributions to a Knowledge of
the Anatomy of the Genus Selaginella, Spr.: Pt. iii.
Annals of Botany, No. xxxvii. 1896.

2. HovknAcquE, M.—Recherches sur le Lepidodendron sela-
ginoides. Mém. de la Soc. Linnéenne de Normandie, xvii.
(Caen) 1892.

3. MasrLEN, A. J.— The Ligule in Lepidostrobus. Annals of
Botany, vol. xii. (1898) p. 256.

4. Scorr, D. H.—Studies in Fossil Botany. London, 1900.

5. Borner, J. B. E.—Recherches sur le Phucagrostis major,
Cavol. Ann. des Sc. Nat. 5* sér. i. p. 22.

6. Inurscn, T.— Ueber einige Arten aus der natürliches Pflan-
zenfamilie der Potameen. Berlin, 1858.

7. DurAiLLy, D. E. R. G.— Observations sur Tl Aponogeton
distachyum. Assoc. Fr. pour l'avancement des Sciences, 1875.

8. Norre, E. F.—Botanische Bemerkungen über Stratiotes und
Sagittaria. Kopenhagen, 1825.

9. Durarrry, D. E. R. G.—Observations sur le Menyanthes et
I Hydrocleis. Bull. mens. de la Soc. Linnéenne de Paris, 1878.

10. Banrovm, I. BaAvrky.—On the Genus Halophila. Trans.
Bot. Soe. Edinb., Sess. 1877-8.

11. 7d.—On the Morphology of Halophila. Journ. of Botany,
xvi. (1878) pp. 290-294.

12. MUnrer, J. F.—Entwicklungs Vorgänge bei Vallisneria
spiralis. — Hanstein's Abhandl., Bd. ii. Heft rv. (1878)
pp. 31-70.

13. PurrrrEvx, E.— Recherches sur le Végétation et la Structure
de I Althenia filiformis. Ann. des Sc. Nat. 5° sér. ii. (1864)
pp- 169-190, tt. 15, 16.

14. Bucnenav, F.—Beitrüge zur Kenntniss der Butomaceen,

Alismaeeen und Juncaginaceen. Engler’s Jahrb. ii. (1882)
pp. 465-510.

Harvey GIBSON, LINN. Soc. JOURN., Bor. VOL. XXXVII. PL. 5.

H

R. J. H. Gibson, del. T. P. Collings, photosc.
AXILLARY SCALES.

Harvey Gipson. LINN. Soc. JOURN., Bor. VoL. XXXVII. PL. 6.

R. J. H. Gibson, del. T. P. Collings, photose.
AXILLARY SCALES.

15.
16.

17.

18.

Fig.

SCALES OF AQUATIC MONOCOTYLEDONS. 237

Sortms-Laupacu, H.— Bot. Zeitung, 1892, p. 110.

Bowzn, F. O.—Studies in the Morphology of Spore-pro-
ducing Members. Phil. Trans. vol. 185 B. (1894) pp. 473-
572, tt. 42-52.

RENDLE, A. B.—A Systematic Revision of the Genus Naas.
Trans. Linn. Soe. ser. i, Bot. v. (1899) pp. 379-436,
tt. 39-42.

Id.—Supplementary Notes. Tb. (1900) pp. 437—444.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.
PLATE 5.

l. Transverse section of a young shoot of Alisma Plantago, showing
numerous axillary scales between the leaves. X 30.

2. “ Ball-and-socket" association of adjacent scales in Zostera marina.
x 350.

3. Longitudinal section of the apex of Alisma Plantago, showing an early
stage in the development of the leaf and of the axillary scale of the
subjacent leaf (to the left); the earliest stage in the development of
the scales is indicated by the cell with shaded nucleus to the right of
the young leaf. x 550.

4. Longitudinal section of the base of the scale in Zostera marina, X 550.

5. Longitudinal section of the base of the scale in Sagittaria sagittifolia.
x 350.

6. Longitudinal section of the base of the scale in Vallisneria spiralis.
x 550.

PLATE 6.

Figs. 7 & 8. Two stages in the development of the scale in Potamogeton per-

foliatus. x 550.

Fig. 9. Older stage of the same, showing the entrance of a procambial strand

into the leaf-base. x 550.

10. Transverse section of the apex of Ruppia sp. The anatomical features
of the axillary scales only are indicated. Xx 75.

11. Partially cutinized cells (with dark outlines) of the base of the scale of
Hydrocharis Morsus-rane. Xx 550.

19. Longitudinal section of the leaf-base of Alisma Plantago. The wing-
like expansion of the leaf is shown at a; the base of an older leaf
atb; the axillary scale is figured in the centre as arising from a
single cell-row (cells shaded). Xx 550.

13. Longitudinal section of the base of the leaf and scale of Stratiotes
aloides. X 350.

14. A small scale of Alisma Plantago on face-view. X 75.

15. Base of the scale of Sagittaria sagittifolia on face-view. x 350.

16. A small scale of Alisma Plantago in transverse section. x 550.

17. Longitudinal section of the base of the leaf of Alisma ranunculoides,
showing the concentric origin of scales. X 550.

238 MR. R. N. RUDMOSE BROWN ON

Tur Borawy or Goven Isna&p.—I. Phanerogams and Ferns.
By R. N. Rupmose Brdyy, B.Se., Botanist of the Scottish
National Antarctic Expedition. (Communicated by Mr. W.
Borrixa Hemstey, F.R.S., F.L.S.)

[Read 4th May, 1905.]
(PLarrs 7-9.)

GovGu Istann, or Diego Alvarez, which lies in the mid-South
Atlantic (Lat. 40? 20 S., Long. 9° 56° 30" W.), may be regarded
as the most outlying island of the Tristan da Cunha group. It
lies S.E. by S. about 220 miles from Nightingale Island, the
nearest island of the group.

lt is a small island some 7 or S miles in a northerly and
southerly direction and 3 or 4 miles east and west. It rises to
a height of about 4000 feet.

The island has never been permanently inhabited, though the
islanders of Tristan da Cunha appear to have occasionally visited
it according to Mr. Moseley *.

From August 1888 to January 1889 a party of twelve men
belonging to a New London sealing schooner lived there. One
of these men (George Comer), who appears to have had some
knowledge of science, besides bringing home some bird-skins and
eggs, kept a diary in which are a few notes relating to plants.
Comer T says “ there are two kinds of trees, though while one is
plentiful, the other is quite scarce. The grass and brakes grow
very rank." * Wood is plentiful. The trees are stunted, but
quite thick in some places on the island." “The trees retain
their leaves the year round." *“ The thick bushes extend to an
elevation of about 2000 feet." The tree referred to is no doubt
Phylica nitida, while possibly the other * tree” is the tree-fern
Lomaria Boryana. Comer also states that he found some
potatoes growing wild “ where there used to be a camp of sealers
18 years ago.” Near the landing-place, on what is apparently
the only piece of level ground near sea-level, ruins of one or two
huts are to be seen. These, I afterwards found at Cape Town,
had been inhabited in the year 1892 by a party of sealers from
South Africa who had spent thirteen months on the island. The
sealing had proved a comparative failure, and they had not

* Moseley, Journ, Linn, Soe., Bot. xiv. (1874) p. 884.
t Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. ix. (1505) pt. ii. p. 432.

THE BOTANY OF GOUGH ISLAND. 239

returned. Souvh-Sea whalers have occasionally touched here
and even brought back collections of birds and rocks, but no
plants seem to have been gathered. These whalers, chiefly
American, are no doubt responsible for several introduced plants
on the island. All that was previously known of the botany of
Gough Island was the statement of the Tristan da Cunhans that
Phylica grew there, and that several of the other plants were
similar to the Tristan species.

The Seottish National Antaretie Expedition, on its return
from the Antarctic Regions in April 1904, made a stay of three
days off this island ; but only on one (April 22nd) wasit possible,
owing to the high sea running, to effect a landing, and even on
that day it was only accomplished with difficulty. The extremely
bad anchorage and the squally nature of the wind made it
imperative that the shore party should keep within easy reach
in the event of a sudden recall being necessary. This was
unfortunate, as it prevented a visit to the higher ground, where
several other species might haye been found. On approaching
the island one is struck by the amount of green to be seen:
from the highest summit to the water’s edge it seems to be
clothed with vegetation, and even the steepest precipices, in
which the land usually meets the sea, have their covering of
moss.

Rainfall is probably great, as evidenced in the cascades of
water pouring over the cliffs on all sides. Comer * notes inces-
sant strong gales with mist, rain, and snow in the meteorological
log he kept while on the island, but he apparently took very few
readings of the air-temperature. Probably, however, the climate
of Gough Island is very similar to that of Tristan da Cunha,
where the temperature varies from 48° F. in winter to 74? F. in
summer, and the preeipitation is excessive the whole year round.
At the time of our visit there was no snow-cap on the summit.

On the eastern side of the island a torrent coming down to
the sea has eut a deep glen, and this seems to afford the only
practieable road to the interior. It was here that a landing was
effected +.

On landing one notices the rankness of the vegetation. Above
high-water docks (Rumes frutescens) and the wild celery grow in

* Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. ix. (1895) pt. ii. p. 471.
T For a fuller account of Gough Island, see Scot. Geog. Mag. xx’ (1905)
p. 430.

240 MR. R. N. RUDMOSE BROWN ON

luxuriant profusion, and in more stony ground I found several
plants of the sow-thistle (Sonchus oleraceus)—these latter in
flower. The tussac-grass (Spartina arundinacea) was not, at the
place of landing, so abundant as in other parts of the coast, but
here and there on the hillsides down to sea-level there were large
tufts of it. In habit it is very similar to the tussac-grass of the
Falkland Islands, but does not appear to grow in such masses as
to almost entirely exclude other plants as it does on those islands.
The only sward-forming * grass” seems to be Scirpus (spp) : on
the southern side of the stream was about half an acre of this,
making a rich pasture. Other grasses are to be found, but growing
in more isolated tufts. The characteristic tree of the Tristan da
Cunha group (Phylica nitida) is well represented, and grows on
Gough Island from about 2000 feet to sea-level, but above 100 feet
it is most plentiful. The tree grows some 20 or 30 feet in height
even on the most exposed ridges. The stems are not very thick,
not more than 10 to 12 inches, and the branches are long and
straggling, with leaves only at the extreme ends. Most of the
branches are thickly encrusted with lichens. Tree-ferns grow in
the rich ground beside the stream, and reach a height of 4 feet
or more. The beach is thickly strewn with water-worn stems of
these ferns, which have probably been brought down by the
stream when in spate, carried into the sea and washed up on to
the beach. Several species of ferns grow in nooks and crannies
of the moist rocks, and apparently easily obtain a footing in the
relatively soft voleanic ash. Mosses are plentiful everywhere,
and in the bed of the stream I got several specimens of a liver-
wort.

The only plants in flower were Sonchus oleraceus and Apium
australe and two species of Rumes, and the majority of even
these were in seed. Gaaphalium pyramidale bore withered
flowers, and Phylica nitida and Empetrum nigrum, var. rubrum,
were in fruit in a few places.

I found no trace of any plants introduced for cultivation by
the settlers whose ruined huts we found. Beyond the huts was
half an acre of ground beset with tree-stumps, the remains, no
doubt, of the native tree which they had cut down for firewood.

The plants of Gough Island have, as might be expected, proved
to be very similar to those of Tristan da Cunha. The present
collection contains seventeen species of phanerogams and ten of

THE BOTANY OF GOUGH ISLAND. 241

ferns. Four of the seventeen species of phanerogams are almost
without doubt introduced (Hypochwris glabra, Sonchus oleraceus,
Rumex obtusifolius, and Plantago major). Of the remaining
21 species of Gough Island plants, eighteen are recorded from
Tristan da Cunha—one (Hydrocotyle leucocephala) is a South-
American plant and two are endemic (Cotula Sp. nov. and
Asplenium sp. nov.) Of the eighteen species also recorded
from Tristan da Cunha, four certainly, and probably six, are
endemic to the group. The mosses, liverworts, lichens, and
fungi, the determination of which is not quite complete, will
form the subject of a second paper. In conelusion, I have to
thank the authorities at Kew and the British Museum for the
facilities granted me for working in their herbaria. To Mr. C. B.
Clarke I am particularly indebted for his determination of the
species of Scirpus, and I would express my thanks to Mr, A. N.
Bruce, B.Se., for the care and trouble he has taken in the
drawing of Plate 9 accompanying this paper.

DICOTYLEDONES.

PHYLICA NITIDA, Lam. Encycl. ii. p. 77 ; DC. Prodr. ii. p. 35;
Hemsl. Chall. Bot. i. 11. p. 148, t. 25. P. arborea, Thou.
Esq. Fl. Trist. p. 45. P. mauritiana, Boj. ex Baker, Fl.
Maurit. p. 53.

Very common on the island up to a height of about 2000 feet,
growing even on the most exposed ridges.. It seldom grows
more than some 25 feet in height, and the stems are always much
bent and gnarled and generally covered with a growth of lichens.

Distribution. Tristan da Cunha, Inaccessible and Nightingale
Islands, Amsterdam Island, Reunion and Mauritius.

HYDROCOTYLE LEUCOCEPHALA, Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnea, i.
(1826) p. 364.

Common in the glen in swampy places under waterfalls. This
species differs from Hydrocotyle capitata, Thouars—the Tristan
da Cunha plant—in the almost total absence of hairs on the
leaves and leaf-stalks, except an occasional sparse covering near
the blade.

Distribution. Brazil and Paraguay. This species does not
appear to have been recorded outside of these two countries.

242 MR. R. N. RUDMOSE BROWN ON

APIUM AUSTRALE, Thou. Esq. Fl. Trist. p. 43; Hook. f. Handb.
Fl. N. Zeal. p. 905 Hemsl. Chall. Bot. i. 11. p. 149.

Common on the low-lying ground down to high-water mark
and growing very rankly in places. It appears to be a very
variable plant, and the Gough Island variety has the leaves
broadly ovate, and not linear like the specimens from Tristan da
Cunha of Carmichael and Moseley.

Distribution. Tristan da Cunha and Inaccessible Island, and
very generally in extra-tropical regions of the Southern
Hemisphere.

NERTERA DEPRESSA, Gaertn. Fruct. i. p. 124, t. 26; Hook. f.
Handb. Fl. N. Zeal. p. 120; Hemsl. Chall. Bot. i. 1r.

p. 150.
Erythrodanum alsineforme, Thou. Esq. FL Trist. p. 42, t. 10
(Nertera).

Common in the drier and more barren places.
Distribution. Tristan da Cunha and Inaccessible Island, and
southern temperate regions except South Africa.

NERTERA DEPRESSA, Gaertn., var. OBTUSA, Rud. Br.

A variety distinct from the normal Nertera depressa in having
all its leaves obovate with no suggestion of acuteness.

Among the specimens of Nertera depressa gathered on Gough
Island only one plant of this variety was found. In the Kew
Herbarium there is one specimen from Inaccessible l:land
(Moseley, Inaccessible Island, 16.8.73) of this variety. Theother
specimens of this plant. from Tristan da Cunha belong to the
typical Nertera depressa, and the variety does not appear to occur
elsewhere.

Distribution. Inaccessible Island.

GNAPHALIUM PYRAMIDALE, Thou. Esq. Kl. Trist. p. 40; DC.
Prodr. vi. p. 234; Hemsl. Chall. Bot. i. 11. p. 151, t. 26.
G. Thouarsii, Spreng. Syst. Veg. ii. p. 473.
Common up the glen.
Distribution. Tristan da Cunha and Inaccessible Island.

CorvLA GOUGHENSIS, Rud. Br., sp. nov. (Plate 9.)

Herba annua erecta vel suberecta, 25 cm. in altitudine, inferne
multe ramosa; folia sessilia fere amplexicaulia, bipinnatisecta,
segmentis lanceolatis in apicem acutum rotundatis; capitula

THE BOTANY OF GOUGH ISLAND. 248

folia non superantia, 8 mm. lata; involucri bractea late ovata vel
fere rotundata, marginibus integris ; flores dimorphi exteriores 9
uniserrati sine corollis, interiores cum corollis; achenia com-
pressa glabra.

This species is quite distinet in its much blunter leaves and
broad involucral bracts from the Nightingale Island species,
Cotula Moseleyi. lt is near Cotula coronifolia, but differs in
having broad bracts and a smaller inflorescence. Cotula coroni-
Jolia is also in general a much coarser plant. The only species
of Cotula near this species as regards the broad bracts is Cotula
integrifolia, but in other respects this is quite distinct.

Endemic in Gough Island, where it is very plentiful.

JIYPOCHŒRIS GLABRA, Linn. Sp. Pl. 810; DC. Prodr. vii.
p. 90.
Very probably an introduced plant here, as Mr. Hemsley con-
siders it to be in Tristan da Cunha.
Distribution. Almost cosmopolitan.

SoNCHUS OLERACEUS, Linn. Sp. Pl. 792.

Common: probably introduced.

Distribution. Tristan da Cunha and Inaccessible Island and
generally throughout temperate regions.

RUMEX OBTUSIFOLIUS, Linn. Sp. Pl. 335.

Probably introduced. It has not been recorded previously
from the Tristan da Cunha group.

Distribution. Very widely spread in northern and southern
hemispheres.

RUMEX FRUTESCENS, Thou. Esq. Fl. Trist. p. 38; DC. Prodr.
xiv. p. 72; Hemsl. Chall. Bot. i. 11. p. 154, t. 30.
Very common at the mouth of the glen down to high-water
mark.
Distribution. Tristan da Cunha and Inaccessible Islands.

EMPETRUM NIGRUM, Linn. Sp. Pl.1022; var. RUBRUM, Hemsl.
Chall. Bot.i. Yr. p. 154. E. rubrum, Vahl, in Willd. Sp. Pi.
iv. p. 713; Hook. f. Fl. Antarct. ii. p. 345. E. medium,
Carmich. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. xii. (1818) p. 508.
Plentiful in dryer places.
Distribution. Tristan da Cunha, Inaccessible and Nightingale
Islands, and in the Falkland Islands and Tierra del Fuego.
LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII. s

244 MR. R. N. RUDMOSE BROWN ON

PLANTAGO MAJOR, Linn. Sp. Pl. 112.

Common and doubtlessly introduced.

Distribution. Generally throughout the northern hemisphere
and introduced widely elsewhere.

MONOCOTYLEDONES.*

Scrrpus Tuovarstanus, Schult. Mant. ii. (1824) pp. 84 et 538 ;
Hemsl. Chall. Bot. i. 11. pp. 156-158, tt. 33 et 34. S. prolifer,
Thou. Esq. Fl. Trist. p. 86, t.7. S. squarrosa, Spreng. Syst.
Veg. iv. (1827) p. 28; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. (1869-70)
p.507. S. Thouarsianus, Schult., var. bicolor, Hemsl. Chall.
Bot. i. 11. p. 156, t.34 (8-16). S. prolifero-ramosus, Boeck.
in Flora, lviii. (1875) p. 261. S. virens, Boeck. in Flora,
lviii. (1875) p. 260; Hemsl. Chall. Bot. i. 11. p. 158, t. 33
(7-12). S. pallescens, Boeck. ex Hemsl. Chall. Bot. i. 1.
p. 158. S. Thouarsianus, Schult., var. pallescens, Hemsl.
Chall. Bot. i. 11. p. 158, t. 33 (1-6).

Isolepis prolifera, Carmich. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. xii.
(1818) p. 503. I. squarrosa, Carmich. le. xii. (1818)
p. 503. I. bicolor, Carmich. 1. c. xii. (1818) p. 508 ;
Kunth, Enum. ii. p. 216. I. aeugnana, Schult. Mant. ii.
(1824) p. 532; Kunth, Enum. ii, p. 216. I. Thouarsu,
A. Dietr. Syn. Pl. ii. p. 109; Kunth, Enum. ii. p. 216.

Very common.
Distribution. Tristan da Cunha, Inaccessible and Nightingale

Islands.

SCIRPUS SULCATUS, Thou. Esq. Fl. Trist. p. 36, t. 7; Hemsl.
Chall. Bot. i. 11. p. 155 (var. Moseleyanus excl.) t. 81.
S. Thouarsii, Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. (1827) p. 27. 8. con-
spersus, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. (1869-70) p. 505 pro p.

Isolepis suleata, Carmich. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. xii.
(1818) p. 503; Kunth, Enum. à. p. 216. I. Carmichael,
Dietr. Syn. Pl. ii. p. 107.

Not uncommon.

Distribution. Tristan da Cunha group only, unless the New
Zealand plant Scirpus sulcatus var.? f). tristigmatosa, C. B.
Clarke, MSS., ean be regarded as truly belonging to this
species.

* For the determination of the species of Scirpus I am indebted to

Mr. C. B. Clarke.

THE BOTANY OF GOUGH ISLAND. 245

SCIRPUS MosELEYANUS, Boeck. in Flora, 1875, p. 262. S. sul-
catus, Thou., var. Moseleyanus, Hemsl. Chall. Bot. i. 1.
p. 155, t. 32 (fig. 6 excl.).
Only one specimen of this was gathered, but fortunately it
was in fruit, The ripe fruits were previously unknown.
Distribution. Nightingale and Inaccessible Islands.

SPARTINA ARUNDINACEA, Carmich. in Trans. Linn. Soe. Lond.
xii. (1818) p. 504; Kunth, Enum. i. p. 279; Hemsl. Chall.
Bot. i. 11. p. 160, t. 25.

Ponceletia arundinacea, Thou. Esq. FL Trist. p. 86.

This is one of the predominant plants of the island, ap-
parently growing luxuriantly everywhere up to an elevation
of over 1000 feet.

Distribution. Tristan da Cunha, Inaccessible and Nightingale
Islands, and St. Paul and Amsterdam Islands.

Poa annua, Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 68.
A few plants of this were found near the ruined huts of some
sealers. It is no doubt introduced as it is on Tristan da Cunha.

Distribution. Very widely spread.

CRYPTOGAMZE—FTLICES.

ADIANTUM JETHIOPICUM, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. rr. p. 1560; Thou.
Esq. Fl. Trist. p. 84; Hook. § Baker, Syn. Fil. p. 123;
Hemsl. Chall. Bot. i. 11. p. 163. A. thalictroides, Willd. ex
Kunze, in Linnea, x. (1836) p. 580. A. crenatum, Poir. in
Lam. Encyc. Suppl. i. p. 137. A. Poiretii, Wikstr. in Kon.
Vet.-Akad. Handl. Stock. (1825) p. 443.

Very plentiful in the glen.

This is a very variable plant, and the Gough Island plant
shows several varieties. Until a satisfaetory monograph of the
genus appears, it seems preferable to inelude all the Gough
Island specimens under the name of Adiantum cthiopicum.

Distribution. Tristan da Cunha and Inaecessible Island ;
Central and South America (except the extreme south), South
Africa, India, and New Zealand.

PTERIS INCISA, Thunb. Prodr. Fl. Cap. p. 133 ; Hook. & Baker,
Syn. Fil. p. 372; Hemsl. Chall. Bot. i. 11. p. 163. P. ves-
pertilionis 6. Carmichaeliana, Agardh, Rec. Sp. Gen. Pter.

s2

246 MR. R. N. RUDMOSE BROWN ON

p. S0. P. vespertilionis fl, R. Br. ex Carmich. in Trans.
Linn. Soc. Lond. xu. (1818) p. 518.

Growing in dryer places than the preceding plant; not very
common.

The Tristan da Cunha specimens of this widely-spread species
differ from others in the fact that the veins of the fronds do not
anastomose at all (vide Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. p. 172). The
Gough Island plants belong to the same variety.

Distribution. Tristan da Cunha, Nightingale and Inaccessible
Islands. Also tropical and temperate South America, South
Africa to West Tropical Africa, from the Himalayas to New
Zealand and Polynesia.

LoMARIA ALPINA, Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. p. 62; Hook. f. FI.
Antarct. ii. p. 393, t. 150; Hook. d Baker, Syn. Fil.
p. 178; Hemsl. Chall. Bot. i. 11. p. 164. L. antarctica,
Carmich. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. xi. (1818) p. 513.

Acrostichum polytrichoides, Thou. Esq. Fl. Trist. p. 32, t. 2
(A. polypodoides).

Polypodium Pennamarina, Poir. in Lam. Encyc. v. p. 520.

Not uncommon in the glen.

Distribution. Tristan da Cunha and South America, including
the Falkland Islands and Staten Island, Australia, New Zealand,
Marion Island, Kerguelen, the Crozets, St. Paul and Amsterdam
Islands.

Lowamra Boryana, Willd. Sp. Pl. v. p. 292; Hook. & Baker,
Syn. Fil. p. 180; Hemsl. Chall. Bot. i. 11. p.163. L. magel-
lanica, Desv. in Mag. Nat. Berl. (1811) p. 330; Hook. f.
Fl. Antarct. à. p. 393. L. palmeeformis, Desv. in Mém.
Soc. Linn. Par. vi. (1827) p. 290. L. robusta, Carmich. in
Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. xu. (1818) p. 512.

Pteris palmeformis, Thou. Esq. Fl. Trist. p. 30.

Many specimens of this fern were found growing in marshy
ground in the sheltered glen.

It reaches a height of from 2 to 3 feet, but the stems almost
always grow in a procumbent position. In diameter the trunk
varies from 2 inches to as much as 5 or 6.

The Gough Island plant belongs to the same variety as the
Tristan da Cunha one, which Carmichael described as a new
species (Lomaria robusta, Carmich.). It, however, only differs

THE BOTANY OF GOUGH ISLAND. 217

in having the usually naked rachis more or less densely scaly
throughout, and is hardly entitled to specific rank. It must be
very plentiful further inland, as the beach is thickly strewn
with waterworn stems evidently carried down by the stream
from the interior and washed up again by the sea.

Distribution. Tristan da Cunha; Tropical America to Tierra
del Fuego and the Falkland Islands, South Africa, Mauritius,
Reunion, and Madagascar.

ASPLENIUM OBTUSATUM, Forst. f. Prod. p. 80; Hook. & Baker,
Syn. Fil. p. 207. A. obliquum, Forst. f. l.c.; Carmich.
in Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. xii. (1818) p. 512. A. crassum,
Thou. Esq. Fl. Trist. p. 33.

Common in the glen.

This species varies a great deal, and the Gough Island plants,
while agreeing with some of Moseley’s plants from the Tristan
da Cunha Islands, are considerably smaller than Carmichael’s
specimens from the same place.

Distribution. Tristan da Cunha, Inaccessible and Nightingale
Islands. Widely distributed elsewhere.

Asplenium alvarezense, nat. size; with pinnule, sporangium, and
scale from caudex, enlarged.

ASPLENIUM ALVAREZENSE, Rud. Br., sp. nov. (See woodcut.)
Herba parva; caudex brevis, paleis paucis sparsis; stipites

248 MR. R. N. RUDMOSE BROWN ON

l ad 5 cm., tenues virides nudi; frondes oblongo-deltoides
bipinnate subcoriacee ; pinnz superiores ssepe in pinnulas
indistincte divise; pinnule cuneate vel late obovate, margine
exteriore rotundato; pinnularum vens dichotoms; sori mediani
lineares.

This species is very near to Asplenium Ruta-muraria, from
whieh it chiefly differs in having its pinnules always entire.
Unfortunately none of the specimens show the sori in very good
condition.

Endemic in Gough Island. It is plentiful on the stems of
tree-fern (Lomaria Boryana), but not common elsewhere.

POLYPODIUM aAQUILINUM, Thou. Esq. Fl. Trist. p. 32; Hook. §
Baker, Syn. Fil. p. 311; P. acunhianum, Carmich. fide
Hemsl. Chall. Bot. i. 11. p. 167.

Nephrodium aquilinum, Hemsl. Chall. Bot. l. c. t. 39.

Common.
Distribution. Tristan da Cunha, Nightingale and Inaccessible

Islands ; Amsterdam Island ?

POLYPODIUM AUSTRALE, Mett. Polypod. p. 36; Hook. & Baker,
Syn. Fil. p. 322; Hemsl. Chall. Bot. i. 11. p. 168.
Grammitis australis, R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 146;
Carmich. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. xii. (1818) p. 510.
G. magellanica, Desv. Journ. Bot. ii. (1814) p. 275.
Only one specimen of this was found.
Distribution. Tristan da Cunha. Tierra del Fuego, Australia,
New Zealand, and Marion Island.
For the determination of this species I am indebted to Mr. C.
H. Wright of the Royal Gardens, Kew.

AsPIDIUM CAPENSE, Willd. Sp. Pl. v. p. 267; Hook. § Baker,
Syn. Fil. p. 254. A. coriaceum, Swartz, Prod. Fl. Ind. Occ.
p. 1335; Mook. Sp. Fil. iv. p. 325; Carmich. in Trans. Linn.
Soc. Lond. xii. (1818) p. 511; Hemsl. Chall. Bot. i. 11.
p. 167.
Polypodium calyptratum, Thou. Esq. Fl. Trist. p. 33.
Fairly common.
The Gough Island specimens are larger than the Tristan da
Cunha ones of Moseley, and in size approximate more to the
specimen of De l'Isle's from Amsterdam Island.

BROWN LINN. Soc. JOURN., Bor. VoL. XXXVII. PL. 7.

GOUGH ISLAND.

LINN. Soc. JOURN., Bor. VoL. XXXVII. PL. 8.

Brown.

k
Fr.
E
b

ISLAND.

VEGETATION ON GOUGH

Bruce. LiNN.Soc.JoURN. Bot Von XXXVII. P]. 9.

S
. Wk
Un Pf
N ry —N Y Jl g /"vz
d IL
, ; Ji p z
\ j Ih, i AI,

i u AY
s) a a / / /, ^
aS NN Nj a ^ / . J } 9

West, Newman imp.

COTULA GOUGHENSIS.

THE BOTANY OF GOUGH ISLAND. 249

Distribution. Tristan da Cunha. America south of Cuba,
South Africa, Mascarene Islands, Amsterdam Island, Australia,
and Polynesia.

AcRrosTICHUM CONFORME, Swartz, Syn. Fil. pp. 10 & 192, t. 1.
fig. 1; Carmich. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. xii. (1818)
p. 509; Hook. § Baker, Syn. Fil. p. 401; Hemsl. Chall.
Bot. i. u. p. 169. A. laurifolium, Thou. Esq. Fl. Trist.
p. 31.

Varies a little in the degree of scaliness, but the Gough
Island plant is identical with other specimens from Tristan da
Cunha.

Distribution. Tristan da Cunha. St. Helena and throughout
the southern hemisphere.

List of References.

CARMICHAEL, Captain DuaArp.—Some Account of the Island of
Tristan da Cunha and its Natural Productions. Trans. Linn.
Soe. Lond., vol. xii. (1818) pp. 483-513.

Hemstey, W. BorrING.— Report on the Voyage of H.M.S.
* Challenger, 1873-1876, i. 11. (1885) pp. 133 e£ segg.

MosxrEy, H. N.— Notes by a Naturalist on the * Challenger,’
1879. Journ. Linn. Soe. Lond., Bot. vol. xiv. p. 377.

Dv Prrrr-Tuovans, AvnEnT.— Description abrégée des Isles de
Tristan d'Acugna et Esquisse de la Flore de l'Isle de Tristan
d’Acugna: Mélanges de Botanique et de Voyages, Premier
Recueil, 1811.

VERRILL, G. E.—Notes on Birds and Eggs from Islands of
Gough, Kerguelen, and South Georgia. Transactions of
the Connecticut Academy, ix. (1895) part 2.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Prate 7.

Phylica nitida and Spartina arundinacea on Gough Island. Waterworn stems
of Lomaria Boryana on the beach.
(From a photograph by W. S. Bruce.)

250 LT.-COL. D. PRAIN ON THE MANSONIEA,

PLATE 8.

Vegetation on Gough Island, showing Adiantum ethiopicum, Lomaria alpina,
Acrostichum conforme, Polypodium aquilinum, and Scirpus sp.
(From a photograph by W. S. Bruce.)

Parte 9.

CorUurLA aovanExsis, R. N. Rudmose Brown.
Plant, natural size.

Fig. 1. Apex of leaf. x 2.
2. Inflorescence. x 3.
3. Inflorescence with bract.
4. Vertical section of inflorescence. x 6.
5. Outer 9 flower with no corolla. x 10.
6. Dise-flower with corolla. x 10.
7. Stamens of disc-flower. x 12.
8. Disc-flower with corolla and stamens removed. x 10.
9. Enlarged stigma. Xx 15.

Mansoniee, a new Tribe of the Natural Order Sterculiacew.
By Lt.-Col. D. Peats, I.M.S., F.R.S., F.L.S.

[Read 6th April, 1905.]
(Prate 10.)

Mr. F. B. Manson, of the Indian Forest Department, has of
late assisted the Botanieal Survey of India by the communication
of material from the rich forests of Tenasserim. Among speci-
mens sent by him to the Calcutta Herbarium are examples of a
species that is of interest, in a variety of ways, alike to forestry
and to botany.

The immediate occasion of the communication of these speci-
mens has been an enquiry into the source of Kalamet, which has
long been known as a scented wood held in considerable
estimation by the Burmese. Except that it appears to be
employed as a cosmetic by Burmese ladies, the uses to which
Kalamet is put are not fully known ; even as regards its use as
a cosmetic details are wanting as to its preparation. There is,
however, a considerable demand for the wood and its retail
value varies, in Rangoon, from 12 annas to 3 rupees (=one to
four shillings) per viss (= 3:0857 lbs.), apparently according to
the abundance or scarcity of supplies. It is exported from
Mergui pretty regularly, and the following table, furnished by
Mr. Manson, exhibits the quantity and value of the exporis from
1887-8 to 1902-3.

A NEW TRIBE OF STERCULIACE.E. 251

Year. Viss. | Value, Rate per viss.

rupees, annas. pies.
1887-88 ...... 3,800 290 1 3 |
1888-89 ...... 14,415 2733 3 0 |
1889-90 ...... 13,550 4552 5 5
1890-91 ...... 9,480 3775 6 2
1891-92 ...... 9,562 2104 3 7
1892-93 ...... 5,850 933 2 7
1893-94 ...... 12,501 3979 5 1
1894-95 ..... 7,251 1670 3 8
1895-96 ...... 15,505 5838 6 0
1896-97 ...... 16,844 7130 6 9
1897-98 ...... 8,728 4225 7 9
1898-99 ..... 9,794 3161 5 2
1899-1900 ... 9,105 2152 à 9
1900-01 ...... 1,697 1137 10 9
1901-02 ...... 3,625 1470 6 6
1902-03 ...... 5,212 1695 5 2
Average ... } 9.170 | 2998 5 9
1887-1903... , | n ^
Taking the viss at 90857 lbs. we have:

| lbs. | Value. Rate per lb.

Sri] 28,296 | £195 2s. 1 pence.

At one time it was supposed that the source of Kalamet
might prove to be an undescribed species of Santalum. Iu 1873,
when the first edition of the * Manual of Indian Timbers’ was
prepared, a specimen was received from Tavoy and the wood was
examined by Sir D. Brandis, Mr. J. S. Gamble, and Mr. A.
Smythies, who considered that it resembled Sandalwood, but that
it differed from ordinary Indian Sandal (Santalum album, Linn.)
in having more prominent medullary rays. When a second
edition of the * Manual' was being prepared, Mr. Gamble wrote
to Mr. Manson, Conservator of Forests in Tenasserim, for better
specimens. In response to this request Mr. Manson, in 1900,
forwarded a piece of Kalamet wood, procured from the head-
waters of the Theingón Choung, near the Siamese frontier of
the Mergui district. Mr. Gamble has noted that, as compared
with true Sandal, this Kalamet wood is darker in colour; has
larger pores somewhat concentrieally arranged ; broader, more
prominent and fewer medullary rays; more marked annual

252 LT.-COL. D. PRAIN ON THE MANSONIE X,

rings ; and a different scent, resembling if anything that of the
Bog-Myrtle (Myrica Gale, Linn.) of,Europe*. Mr. Gamble
urged his correspondent to procure botanical specimens in order
to enable the name of the tree to be determined.

Meanwhile the subject was taken up by Sir D. Brandis ina
letter f in which he described his own experience of Kalamet ;
explained how it had, quite erroneously, been confused with
Toungkalamet (Cordia fragrantissima, Kurz), a wood of different
structure and with a different scent; and stated that he had
recently received a small piece of wood from a Burmese friend,
and had previously obtained specimens from Mr. J. W. Oliver,
when that officer was Conservator of Forests in Upper Burma.
Sir Dietrich was also anxious to clear up the identity of the tree,
and asked Burmese forest officers to procure him botanical
specimens.

In 1903, Mr. Manson at length succeeded in obtaining a
supply of specimens of Kalamet and despatched examples to
Sir D. Brandis, to Mr. Gamble, and to the Calcutta Herbarium.
The specimens sent to Calcutta, which were in fruit only, were
examined by Captain Gage, Curator of the Herbarium, who
suggested the possibility, having regard to the structure of
the fruit, that the species to which they belonged, which was
obviously an undescribed one, might be referable to the
Sterculiaceous genus Zarrietia. In communicating this opinion
to Mr. Manson, the writer explained that in the absence of
flowers an absolutely certain identification was impossible, and
suggested that an attempt should be made to procure the
material necessary to clear up the doubt.

This request, as Mr. Manson has explained in letters to Sir
D. Brandis and Mr. Gamble, was one with which it was not
easy to comply. The Kalamet forests are on the hills on the
Siamese frontier more than a hundred miles above the old town
of Tenasserim, and for the last forty miles of the journey there
are no villages. Moreover, after several attempts to obtain
specimens had failed, there seemed reason to believe that the
flowering period of Kalamet is between the middle of March and
the middle of April, precisely when, owing to the river being low,
the journey is most difficult and tedious.

* Manual of Indian Timbers, ed. 2, p. 588.
t Indian Forester, xxvii. p. 516 (October 1901).

A NEW TRIBE OF STERCULIACE X. 253

The specimens of wood received by Mr. Gamble were actually
obtained by Mr. Manson's assistant, Mr. W. A. Hearsey,
Divisional Forest Officer of Tavoy, whose report * is as follows :—
“The Kalamet tree is found growing on small ridges and spurs
running chiefly east and west from the main range of hills
called Mawdoung, running north and south. It is found in
evergreen forests associated with Laurinea, Murraya, Premna,
aud some shrubs belonging to Oleacee, unfortunately all without
flower or seed at this time of year. I measured a tree 5 ft. 6 in.
in girth, but one of the guides tells me that they attain a girth
of 7 ft. No green trees are ever cut down by Kalamet collectors,
as the wood in a green state has a pungent and disagreeable
odour and only smells fragrant after it has been lying in the
forest for years. Notwithstanding the large quantities extracted
annually, the supply of dead wood from windfalls is inexhaustible
in these forests. I have brought specimens of dry and green
wood, as well as leaves, there being no fruit or flowers at this
time of the year. Another reason is that the people are afraid
to cut the tree on account of Nats t, and I had some trouble to
get the Siamese to cut them down."

A second visit to the Kalamet forests in December 1901 only
yielded leaf-specimens, and it was not till August 1902 that the
fruiting specimens sent to Calcutta in July 1903 were collected
by Mr. Hearsey. In writing at this time to Sir D. Brandis and
to Mr. Gamble, Mr. Manson said :—“ I conjecture that there
are at least two species of Kalamet, one with a dark-brown wood
aud the other of a pale golden brown, both deliciously scented.
A specimen of the latter was received by me from Tavoy iu
September 1899. It was obtained by Mr. W. A. Hearsey from
a lot which was sold in Rangoon for R 2/4 per viss (about
12 annas [one shilling] per 1b.). Shortly afterwards, owing to
the arrival of a large shipment from Delhi in the Straits Settle-
ments f, the price went down to 12 annas per viss (about four
annas [fourpence] per lb.) A piece of this was forwarded by
me to Mr. Gamble in August 1900, and is one of the specimens
B 4920, 4921 (probably the latter) mentioned by him on p. 588
of the second edition of the ‘Manual of Indian Timbers? A

* Diary of Divisional Forest Officer, S. Tenasserim Division, for week ending
16th March, 1901.

t Demons.

1 Possibly Deli in Sumatra.

254 LT.-COL, D. PRAIN ON THE MANSONIEEX,

few dayslater I sent him a sample of the dark brown kind,
bought in Rangoon at R 3 per viss (about R 1 [one shilling and
fourpence] per 1b.)."

Mr. Manson's surmise has since been confirmed. In
November 1904 he sent to the Caleutta Herbarium specimens
ot * two species of trees, each of which is called by the Burmese
Kalamet." One of the two is the species already represented
by the leafspecimens of March 1901 and the fruiting speci-
mens of August 1902. The other is a tree with larger and
differently shaped leaves, hitherto unrepresented in the Caleutta
Herbarium, as to which, in the absence of flowers and fruit, all
that ean be said is that it differs from the first certainly specifi-
cally and possibly generically. In subsequent references the
Kalamet from the Mawdoung Range, of which we have known
the fruits since 1903 and of which we now know the flowers,
will be spoken of as Kalamet A, the second one being referred
toas Kalamet B.

The history of this enquiry illustrates the necessity for caution
in relying on the incidence of the vernacular names of economie
products. Besides avoiding the confusion, pointed out by
Sir D. Brandis, whieh has taken place between Kalamet as a
whole and Toungkalamet, it 1s necessary to distinguish between
two Kalamets of Burmese origin, both as economie products
and as botanical species. It is further clear that in Burmese
marts the name Kalamet may be applied to a product of
Malayan origin. We are not yet able to say whether the
commercial distinction between “dark brown" and “ golden
brown" Kalamet corresponds wholly or in part with the
botanical difference between Kalamet A and Kalamet B. We
do not know the Malay name of the wood from the Straits
Settlements which is sold in Burma as Kalamet, nor have we as
yet any means of judging whether this Malayan Kalamet is the
product of either of the Burmese species. These points can only
be settled by local investigation both in Burma and in Malaya.

If, however, we are still unaware of the source of the Malay
Kalamet, and are unable to say more of the Burmese Kalamet B
than that it is quite different from the other Burmese Kalamet,
the recent communication to the Calcutta Herbarium of flowering
specimens fortunately enables us to deal finally with Kalamet A.
These specimens have been examined at Calcutta by Mr. J. R.
Drummond, who has lately been at work in the Herbarium there ;

A NEW TRIBE OF STERCULIACEZF. 255

some have also been examined by the writer, with the kind help
of Mr. W. B. Hemsley, in this country. Gage’s suggestion that
the plant is a new Sterculiad is amply confirmed ; the flowers,
however, show that it is not a Tarrietia. Drummond points out
that the affinity of the plant is very close with the interesting
African genus Triplochiton, Schum. non Alef.; so close, indeed,
that it is almost a question whether the Tenasserim plant may
not be referable to a marked section or subgenus of Schumann's
Triplochiton. The points of difference between Manson's species
and the species of T'riplochiton, which are given below, are,
however, very marked, and appear to warrant the treatment of
the former as the type of a distinct genus. This genus is there-
fore dedicated to Mr. Manson, to whom we are indebted for the
specimens that illustrate it, and is defined below as Mansonia,
J. R. Drumm.

This genus Mansonia possesses greater scientific interest than
isolated novelties usually do. Its near ally, Triplochiton, Schum.,
was referred by the lamented Professor Sehumann to the cohort
Malvales; it differs, however, so markedly from all the other
genera, except the proposed genus Mansonia, of that cohort, that
Schumann was unable to place it in any recognised natural order.
He therefore proposed * the recognition of a new natural order
Triplockitonacee for its accommodation; this order has more
recently been admitted by Mr. C. H. Wright, when deseribing
an additional species of Triplochitont. The writer does not
find it necessary to adopt this extreme view. The two genera,
Triplochiton, Schum., and Mansonia, J. R. Drumm., taken to-
gether, certainly constitute a distinct and natural group. But
the characters which separate this group from all other known
groups within the cohort Malvales, even those that are most
distinctive, so clearly indicate Sterculiaceous affinities that it
may easily be referred to Sterculiacee ; within that order, how-
ever, it forms a distinct and hitherto unrecognized tribe,
Mansoniee.

The question whether the differences exhibited by Manson’s
tree, when compared with the known species of Triplochiton, are
sufficiently marked to entitle it to separate generic recognition
may be best settled by their enumeration. The leaves of Triplo-
chiton are lobed, of Mansonia are undivided; bracteoles are

* Engler, Bot. Jahrb. xxviii. (1900) p. 330.
T Hooker, Icon. Plant. t. 2758.

256 LT.-COL. D. PRAIN ON THE MANSONIE®,

described in Schumann’s original species of Triplochiton, Man-
sonia has none; the calyx in Triplochiton is regularly 5-lobed,
in Mansonia is spathaceous; the petals in Zriplochiton are dis-
tinctly clawed, in Mansonia are not ; the stamens of Triplochiton
are a multiple of ten, and are inserted on a distinct ring at the
top of the gynandrophore, those of JMansonia are ten only,
arranged in pairs, with each pair so inserted that though, in the
writer’s opinion, they should be deemed uniseriate, it is not
impossible to believe that they are biseriate, while a distinct
apical ring is not developed; the carpels of Triplochiton are
hidden by five wide, free, hypogynous, subscarious, contorted-
imbricate staminodia, those of Mansonia overtop, by their long
slender styles, the five similarly free and hypogynous, but
narrowly lanceolate, petaloid, valvate staminodia.

These differences, though somewhat numerous, are of rather
unequal value. The distinction as to leaves may be put aside as,
at best, only specific; differences quite as great occur within
large natural genera like Sterculia or Hibiscus. The distinction
as to bracteoles does not hold even within the genus Triplochiton
itself. The variation in number of the stamens and the
difference in length of the styles also provide characters that at
best are no more than specific. The more important differences
are: that met with in the calyx, though the same difference in
large natural genera like Hibiscus and Bauhinia is only sectional ;
that met with in the petals, though this again, taken by itself, is
not more than sectional; that seen in the staminal insertion,
whieh is possibly more apparent than real; and, finally, that
seen in the estivation of the staminodia. Since these staminodia
supply the most striking character that is common to the two
genera it might, under ordinary circumstances, be held that the
differences which exist in this portion of the flower at the same
time provide the most important distinetion between the one
genus and the other. But mere difference in size is not in itself
important; and the valvate disposition of the staminodia in
Mansonia may only be due to the accident that in this genus
these organs are so narrow that overlapping in the bud is
unnecessary.

On the other hand, it must be borne in mind that if a solitary
important difference, such as that met with in the calyx, or that
met with in the corolla, may, taken by itself, be fairly considered
of sectional value, two such differences, taken together, may not

A NEW TRIBE OF STERCULIACEAE. 257

unfairly be esteemed subgeneric. When to differences that may
be rated as subgeneric we add a third, affecting yet another
whorl of floral organs, we are induced to conclude that the sum
of these differences is of generic value.

The leading points of agreement between Triplochiton and
Mansonia are the deciduous calyx, the contorted-imbrieate petals,
the hypogynous insertion of the free filaments at the apex of
a pronounced gynandrophore, the existence of a whorl of
hypogynous free staminodes between the filaments and the
gynecium, and the free pluriovulate earpels, some of which sub-
sequently develop into dry one-seeded mericarps samaroidly
winged on the back.

In Triplochiton the calyx does not split to the base between
the lobes before the organ as a whole separates from the torus;
it therefore slips down and for a time persists as a loose collar
on the pedicel. In Mansonia the calyx splits to the base along
one side before the organ as a whole separates from the torus ;
it therefore at length falls quite away. The different appearance
that results is thus accidental; in both genera the calyx as a
whole ultimately separates from the torus. The scars on the
torus which mark the points of insertion of the petals are small
and nearly circular in Triplochiton, but elongated aud oblique in
Mansonia; this difference, however, is again accidental, and is
due to the petals being clawed in the former genus, sessile in the
latter ; the essential feature is that the petals in both are con-
torted-imbricate. As regards both calyx and corolla, therefore,
the two genera fall naturally within the cohort Malvales, without
any clear indication as to which natural order of the cohort best
accommodates them. The pronounced gynandrophore or column
which intervenes between the petals and the stamens makes it,
however, advisable to exclude the genera from Malvaceae, in spite
of the fact that, at all events in JMansonia, the anthers are
l-locular. They are said by Schumann to be so in one species of
Triplochiton as well, and although in another species of Triplo-
chiton they have beenfound by C. H. Wright* to be very peculiarly
2-locular, the writer cannot find, in a third species of Triplochiton
from Lagos which he has examined, that the anthers have two
cells. But, although the presence of 1-celled anthers in a
Malval as a rule indicates that the plant is Malvaceous and not
Sterculiaceous or Tiliaceous, the character is subject to too many

* Hooker, Icon. Plant. t. 2758.

258 LT.-COL. D. PRAIN ON THE MANSONIER,

exceptions to be accepted as a critical test. Not only are
l-celled anthers to be met with in other genera that are ob-
viously either Tiliaceous or Sterculiaceous, in the Bombacee,
which are usually included in Malvaceae, it is possible to find
9-celled as well as l-celled anthers in the same flower, and it
often happens, even when the anthers are all 1-celled, that the
filaments are intimately associated in pairs.

The staminodia which, in Triplochiton and Mansonia, are
situated between the stamens and the carpels point to Stercu-
liacee rather than to Tiliacee as the more nearly related natural
family. Their existence in the form of a corolla-like whorl of
free phyllomes at the top of the gynandrophore imparts to the
flower an appearance so remarkable that Schumann, as already
explained, formed the opinion that we have here to deal with
what is a distinct natural family. This, however, is a view that,
as has been said above, it is not absolutely necessary to accept. In
various Sterculiaceous genera, notably in Sterculia itself, there is
a central column that is essentially in accord with the gynandro-
phore of Triplochiton and Mansonia, the only difference is that
at the top of the column in Sterculia the anthers are sessile,
at the top of the gynandrophore in Triplochiton and Mansonia
they are stalked. In Sterculia it is true the flowers are 1-sexual,
but the importance of this character is diminished by the fact
that l-sexual flowers are a constant feature in Schumann’s
original species of Vriplochiton and are casually to be met with
in Mansonia. Again, in many Sterculiacee, though not in Ster-
culia itself, the presence of petaloid staminodia is one of the
most characteristic features of the flower. The genus Pentapetes
may in particular be cited * as one in whieh the staminodia
markedly resemble those of Mansonia. It is true that in Penta-
petes, as in most Stereuliaceous genera where the staminodia
are petaloid, these organs are united below with each other and
with the stamens in a common tube. This, however, is not
a universal feature; in the curious genus Glossostemon T the
stamens are united to staminodia, much resembling those of
Mansonia, which are free from each other at the base. The
conditions in Glossostemon are therefore almost exactly inter-
mediate between those that occur in Mansonia and in Penta-

petes. The features in the andreecium of 7'riplochiton on which

* Botanical Register, t. 595.
+ Hooker, Icon. Plant. t, 2542.

A NEW TRIBE OF STERCULIACE®. 259

Schumann has chiefly relied in proposing his natural order Triplo-
chitonacee are therefore only relative ones. When, on examining
the gynecium, we further find an arrangement of parts that is
in complete accord with the corresponding arrangement in
Sterculia, and a structure of fruit that, in spite of an initial
differenee in the number of ovules, is identical with the corre-
sponding structure in Tarrietia, we are induced to believe that in
T'riplochiton and Mansonia we have to deal with two genera of
Sterculiacee.

When we consider the position which these two genera should
occupy in that order, we find that, having regard to the calyx,
Triplochiton might be placed in any of the hitherto recognized
tribes, while Mansonia might be excluded from all. Having
regard to the corolla, either genus might be placed in auy of the
tribes except the Sterculiee, while, having regard to the gyne-
cium and the fruit, Sterculiee is the ouly tribe to which they
could with propriety be referred. Along with these mutually
antagonistic features in other whorls, we find in the andreecium
an arrangement that on the one hand points to the necessity for
the inclusion of both genera in Sterculiacee, while on the other
it excludes both from every hitherto recognized tribe. We
are therefore left with no alternative but the recognition of a
new tribe to accommodate them.

A question arises as to the name which this tribe should bear.
As it is identical with Schumann’s natural order Triplochitonacee,
the proposed tribe should under ordinary circumstances be kuown
as the Triplochitonee. But there is an objection to this name
because there is an objection to Schumann’s name Triplochiton.
There is another and an older Triplochiton, proposed by Alefeld
in 1863 for species that are at present relegated to the somewhat
unwieldy genus Hibiscus. So long as this view holds the field,
Schumann’s Triplochiton may stand, but if Alefeld's Triplochiton
should ever be resuscitated, Schumanu's Triplochiton must auto-
matically disappear. The use of the name Triplochitoneeé for
a tribe which may at any time be deprived of its Triplochiton
is at least awkward, and to guard against the contingency it
seems desirable to employ the name Mansoniee. The use of
this name has another advantage ; incidentally it emphasizes the
view that in the group under diseussion we have to deal with
an entity that is probably not entitled to the taxonomic status
postulated by Schumann for his order Triplochitonacee.

LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII. T

260 LT.-COL. D. PRAIN ON THE MANSORTE E,

Mansonieze (Sterculiacearum trib. nov.). Flores hermaphroditi
vel nonnunquam 1-sexuales. Calyx deciduus. Petala 5,
decidua. Stamina ad apicem gynophori libera. Staminodia
5, libera, earpellis alternantia. Carpella 5, libera, gynophoro
elongato fulta. Fructus samaroideus, indehiscens.

Tnirnoenirox. Calyx 5-partitus, lobis valvatis. Petala unguiculata.
Stamina indefinita. Staminodia subscariosa, contorto-imbricata,
carpella stylis brevibus superantia.—Africa trop.

Mansonra. Calyx spathaceus, a latere fissus. Petala sessilia. Stamina 10,
Staminodia petaloidea, valvata, quam carpella stylis seteformibus
breviora.—.4si« trop.

Mansonia, J. 2. Drumm.

Flores hermaphroditi vel nonnulli 1-sexuales masculi. Calyx
spathaceus, a latere fissus. Petala 5, carpellis opposita. Sta-
mina 10, filamentis liberis ad apicem gynophori elongati inserta,
ibique quasi 2-seriata sed vere per paria insertione paullum
obliqua eum petalis earpellisque alternantia staminodiisque sub-
jecta ; anther l-loeulares. Staminodia 5, petaloidea, valvata,
hypogyna, cum paribus filamentorum singulis consociata, inter
stamina et carpella inserta et utrisque alternantia. Carpella 5,
libera, in stylos totidem seteformes abeuntia, hisque staminodia
superantia. Ovula 5-9, minuta, anatropa, ad suturam carpelli
interiorem affixa. Fructus siccus, carpellorum indehiscentium
liberorum sepius 1-2 tantum maturantium, basi ovoideo in-
flatorum, dorso in alam faleatam productorum compositus,
Semen in earpellis singulis maturis unum.—Arbor, foliis indivisis.
Inflorescentia cymosa, eynis paniculam spurie terminalem
formantibus.

Species 1 (M. Gagei, J. R. Drumm. MSS.) in silvis Birmanniæ
australis incola.

Mansonta Gacet, J. R. Drumm.

Arbor, caudice circumambitu ultra metrali, ligno aromatico.
Ramuli juniores floriferi pallidi, glabri, cortice rugosi. Folia
sparsa, simplicia, chartacea, margine dimidio anteriore remote et
obtuse serrata cæterum integra, ambitu oblongo-ovata vel ovato-
lanceolata, apice obtuse acuminata, basi plus minusve cordata
ibique 5-nervia, nervis imis gracilibus submarginalibus, sequen-
tibus ramos crassiores nervi petiolum continuantis medii sub-4-
jugos oppositos vel summos subalternantes simulantibus ; supra
intense subtus pallidiore viridia; juniora subtus pubescentia

A NEW TRIBE OF STERCULIACE Æ. 261

mox tamen glabrescentia, supra prope basin villis longioribus
sparse obsita, ceterum glabra; 8-12 em. longa, 3:5-5 cm. lata:
petiolus *6-1 em. longus, glaber; stipule inconspicum, caduce.
Inflorescentia cymosa, cymis quasi in paniculam subterminalem
aggregatis, nee tamen recte panieulata, ob rachin alabastro tan-
dem in ramum foliosum evolvendo terminata. Flores herma-
phroditi nonnullis l-sexualibus masculis adjectis; alabastra
ovato-acuta ; pedicelli pergraciles 6-8 mm. longi, pilis stellatis
sparse obsiti; bracteæ basales inconspicus, membranacez, caduca;
bracteole 0. Calyx spathaceus, sub anthesin 8 mm. longus,
in latere a bracteá averso tandem longitudinaliter fissus, mox
deciduus, herbaceus, extus pilis stellatis sparse obsitus, nervis
gracilibus anastomosantibus, longitudinalibus perpaueis vix tamen
sepala distincta manifeste adumbrantibus additis, valde venosus.
Petala 5, earpellis opposita, sessilia, omnino libera, oblongo-
cuneata, obtusa, manifeste venosa, rubescentia, chartacea, nune
sinistrorse nunc in cyma eadem dextrorse contorto-imbricata,
7'5 mm. longa, 2°75 mm. lata, in alveolis tori linearibus obliquis
inserta. Stamina 10, ad apicem gynophori 2:5 mm. longi, leviter
5-suleati, presertim in costis staminodiis oppositis, petalis car-
pellisque alternantibus sparse puberuli inserta, et, ob insertionem
per paria obliqua filamentorum inter se liberorum, quasi 2-seriatim
disposita; antherze 1-loculares. Staminodia 5, petaloidea, hypo-
gyna, valvata, lanceolata, acuta, 3°5 mm. longa, 1:5 mm. lata, inter
stamina et carpella inserta, hisque petalisque alternantia. Car-
pella 5, petalis opposita, inter se libera, extus dense pubescentia,
corpore 3'5 mm. longa, in stylos glabros distinctos setzformes
subrecurvos 1:5 mm. longos abeuntia; ovula 5-9, minuta, ana-
tropa, ad suturam carpelli interiorem affixa. Fructus siccus;
carpellis maturitate 3-5 em. longis, nunc singulis, sepius binis,
rarissime ternis, indehiseentibus, dorso in alam chartaceam fal-
catam 2°25 em. longam, 1 cm. latam productis, cæterum in
loculum basalem coriaceum ellipticum, 1-spermum, 8 mm. longum,
7 mm. latum, 8:5 mm. crassum inflatis. Semen, vix tamen matu-
rum, nigrescens, nitidum.

Burma: Tenasserim, in montibus Mawdoung ad fontes flu-
minis Theingón Choung prope confines regionis Mergui Siamenses,
Hearsey et alii!

The writer is indebted to Mr. J. S. Gamble for kindly supplying
the subjoined note on the wood of Mansonia Gagei.

T 2

262 LT.-COL. D. PRAIN ON THE MANSONTE.T.

Note on the Wood of Mansonia Gagei.

“ The wood-specimens before me consist of :—

* A. A block from an old dry log of very hard wood, heart-
wood only, eut in the Kalamet Forest in March 1901 by Mr.
Hearsey.

«B. A round from a green tree giving bark and sapwood as
well as heartwood, the round measuring 103 inches in diameter.
The bark is 4 in. thick and the sapwood 1j inches. Tree from
Theingón Choung, eut in December 1901 by Mr. Hauxwell.

«C. A book-form block, apparently from the same tree as B,
but bearing a different date, June 1903.

« D. A small slab, 6 in. x 5L in. x 2 in., eut from the heart-
wood of a green tree about 4 ft, in girth in Wot-kyi-tal, Kalamet
Forest, in March 1903.

« E, Two small pieces of side-slab, bought in the Rangoon
Market.

* They all appear to agree in structure, and that may thus be
deseribed :—

“ Bark } in. thick, dark greyish brown, with shallow vertical
fissures, the outer part peeling off in thin irregular flakes.
Wood very hard, heartwood dark olive-brown, sapwood light
brown; texture close and homogeneous. Annual rings doubtful,
but rings are clearly seen though they are difficult to trace: if
true annual rings, however, there are about 14 to the inch of
radius, a very slow growth. Pores small, very numerous, arranged
in more or less conspicuous, but often slightly oblique concen-
tric lines, evenly distributed : the pores touching the adjoining
medullary rays on either side. Medullary rays fine, very nume-
rous, regular, long, about 300 to the inch: a radial section

showing a finely-marked silver-grain. Weight about 70 lbs. per
cubic foot.”

Mr. Gamble informs the writer that the wood-specimens will
be presented to the Museum at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

The drawing (Pl. 10) which accompanies this paper has, with the
exception of the floral diagram, been prepared by Miss M. Smith.
It will be noted that the imbrication of the petals shown in the
diagram reverses the arrangement shown in the fully-opened
flower (fig. 3). Both representations are correct, as both
arrangements are at times to be met with in the flowers of the
same cyme. That given in the diagram appears, however, to be
the more usual one.

Linn Soc. Journ. Bot. Vor. X XXVII PI. 10.

Prain.

H
3
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3
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*
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oO
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O
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M Smith del.

THE BOTANY OF GOUGH ISLAND. 263

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 10.

MaxsosIA Gaagr, J. R. Drumm.

l. Flowering twig. 2. Flower, not fully opened, showing rupture of spatha-
ceous calyx. 3, Fully-opened flower. 4. Flower, the petals removed,
showing staminodia, 5. Floral diagram. 6, Anthers, 7. Carpels.
8. Carpel, laid open, showing ovular attachment. 9. Fruiting cyme.
10. Seed, not yet mature, in situ.

Figs. l and 9 are of natural size ; jigs. 2-4, 6-8, and 10
are variously enlarged,

The Botany of Gough/fsland.—II. Cryptogams (excludi f Ferns
and UnicellularAlgw)*. By R. N. Rupwosr Bot, B.Sc.,
C. H. Wrrenr, A.L.S., and O. V. DARBISÚIRE. (Com-
municated by Mr. W. Borrıxe Hemstey, F.R.S., F.L.S.)

[Read Ist June, 1905.]

Tuts paper completes the account of the Flora of Gough Island
as at present known, with the exception of the unicellular Alge,
which are not yet ready.

The Mosses collected by the Scottish National Antarctic
Expedition at Gough Island comprise nine species.

One species is new (Macromitrium antarcticum) and three
are, unfortunately, too incomplete to admit of more than generic
determination. Of the remaining five it is curious to note that,
despite the number of mosses known from Tristan da Cunha,
only one of the Gough Island mosses has been recorded from
there.

The collection includes three Hepaties, all widely spread, and
two of them previously known from Tristan da Cunha, while the
third has been recorded from St. Helena.

Seven species of Lichens were collected, all of comparatively
wide distribution.

One species of Fungus was found which from its distribution
may quite possibly have been introduced.

Finally, I wish to record my thanks to Dr. O. V. Darbishire,
who has undertaken the Lichens, and to Mr. C. H. Wright, who,
through the kindness of the Director of Kew, determined the
Mosses and Hepatics.

* R. N. Rudmose Brown, “ The Botany of Gough Island.—I. Phanerogams
and Ferns,” Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot, xxxvii. (1905) pp. 238-249.

264 MR. R. N. RUDMOSE BROWN ON

The Mosses of Gough Island.
By C. H. Wnraur, A.L.S., Royal Botanie Gardens, Kew.

SPHAGNUM ACUTIFOLIUM, Ehrh. Crypt. Exs. n. 72 ; C. Muell.
Syn. Musci, i. p. 96; Schimp. Torfmoose, p. 56, tt. 13-14.
This has apparently not been recorded irom Tristan da
Cunha.

Distribution. Cosmopolitan.

DicRANELLA sp. ?
The species is indeterminable ; the specimens consist of only
male shoots.

CAMPYLOPUS sp. ?
Only a few barren stems.

Ruacomrrrrum FLAVESCENS, Cardot, in Rev. Bry. (1900) p. 41,
and in Résult. Voy. * Belgica, Mosses, p. 30.
Distribution. Tierra del Fuego.

MacRowrrRIUM ANTARCTICUM, C. H. Wright, sp. nov.

M. maeropelmati, C. Muell., affinis, foliis basi non late vagin-
antibus differt.

Plante repentes, dense cæspitosæ. Rami laterales aggregati,
erecti, 1 lin. alti. Folia oblongo-lanceolata, acuminata, integra,
1 lin. longa, } lin. lata, parte superiore e cellulis quadratis
omnino faeta, basi vix dilatata e eellulis vermieularibus composita.
Folia perichetialia oblongo-acuta. Seta stricta, 2} lin. longa.
Theca ovalis, 4 lin. longa, luteo-fusea. Peristomium simplex,
dentibus oblongis, obtusis.

This species resembles M. macropelma, C. Muell., in habit and
capsule, but the leaf of that has a broad sheathing base.

Endemie in Gough Island.

Bnvvw ALBICANS, Brid. Bry. Univ. i. p. 656; C. Mull. Syn.
Muse. i. p. 295; Mitt. in Chall. Bot. i. 11. p. 224. B. Wahlen-
bergii, Schwaegr. Suppl. i. 11. p. 92, t. 70. fig. 1; Bruch &
Schimp. Bry. Eur. t. 354. Webera albicans, Schimp. Coroll.
Bry. Eur. p. 67.

Distribution. Cosmopolitan, but not recorded from Tristan da

Cunha.

Bryvum sp. ?
Only barren stems; species undeterminable.

THE BOTANY OF GOUGH ISLAND. 265

POLYTRICHUM COMMUNE, Lina. Sp. Pl. ed. 11. p. 1573 ; C. Muell.
Syn. Muse. 1. p. 220.
Distribution. Cosmopolitan, but not recorded from Tristan da
Cunha.

RUYNCHOSTEGIUM RHAPHIDORHYNCHUM, Paris, in Actes Soc.
Linn. Bordeaux, ii. (1897) p. 170.

Hypnum (§ Aptychus) rhaphidorhynchum, C. Muell. Syn. Muse.
ii. p. 354. H. (§ Rhynchostegium) raphidorrhynchum,
Mitt. in Chall. Bot. i. 11. p. 175.

Distribution. Australia, South Africa, and Tristan da Cunha,

Hepaties.
By C. H. Wnranr, A.L.S.

MancHANTIA POLYMORPHA, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 11. p. 1603; Taylor,
in Lond. Journ. Bot. (1844) p. 480; Mont. in Voy. Póle
Sud, * Astrolabe,’ i. p. 212; Mitt. in Chall. Bot. i. 11. p. 178;
Steph. Sp. Hepat. i. p. 164.

Distribution. Cosmopolitan, except that it has not been
recorded from the African continent. Tristan da Cunha.

JAMESONIELLA COLORATA, Spruce, in Journ. Bot. xiv. (1876)
p. 202.

Jungermannia colorata, Lehm. in Linnea, iv. (1829) p. 3606;
Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees, Syn. Hepat. p. 865 Mitt. in
Chall. Bot. i. 11. p. 176.

Distribution. Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Kerguelen,

Tristan da Cunha, and Temperate South America; and Clarence

Island, South Shetlands.

LOPHOCOLEA BIDENTATA, Dumort. Recueil Obs. Jung. p. 17;
Gottsche, Lindenb. § Nees, Syn. Hepat. p. 159.
Jungermannia bidentata, Lina. Sp. Pl. ed. 1t. p. 1598.
Distribution. Cosmopolitan. Recorded from St. Helena, but
not from Tristan da Cunha.

Fungi.

MERULIUS AMBIGUUS, Berk. North Amer. Fungi, n. 165; in
Grevillea, i. (1872) 69. M. fugax, Rav. Fungi Car. i. p. 24;
Succ. Syll. vi. p. 416.

Grows on the trunks of Phylica nitida.
Distribution. North America.

266 THE BOTANY OF GOUGH ISLAND.

Du Petit-Thouars* mentions four fungi from Tristan da Cunha,
among which is a species of Merulius which, from his im perfect
description, might quite well be this species. On the other hand,
it is quite likely that the American sealers who used to visit
Gough Island were responsible for the introduction of this
North-American species.—[R. N. R. B.]

The Lichens of Gough Island.
By Orro V. DARBISHIRE.

The following is an enumeration of the seven species of Lichens
brought from Gough Island by the Scottish National Antarctic
Expedition, and collected there by Mr. R. N. Rudmose Brown
in April 1904. Of the seven species five are already known as
being arctic and alpine plants.

CLADONIA squamosa, Hoffm. Deutsche Fl. ii. 152.
Cosmopolitan, but not arctic. This plant was found in small

quantities.

PanMELIA CETRATA, Ach. Syn. Meth. Lich. 198.

This species was found growing on branches of P/yliea. It
is most commonly met with in more temperate parts of the
world, but I do not doubt that the specimens before me, though
sterile, do belong to this species.

PARMELIA SPHEROSPORELLA, Muell. Arg. in Flora, Ixxiv. (1891)
318.

This specimen is small and incomplete, but both in internal
structure and external appearance it corresponds to the original
specimen and description of J. Müller Argoviensis. He records
its occurrence in the hills of Oregon.

UsNEA BARBATA, Fries, Sched. Crit. Lich. Suec. 31.

A number of good healthy specimens, all sterile, were brought
back from Gough Island. No attempt has been made to separate
out the varieties of this species. Itis found in every part of the
world, being common also as an arctic plant.

RAMALINA SCOPULORUM, Ach. Lich. Univ. 604.
Arctic, in Europe, Asia, and America. Gathered from rocks,
and in full fruit.

* Du Petit-Thouars, “ Description abrégée des Isles de Tristan d'Acugna et
Esquisse de la Flore, etc." Mélanges de Botanique et de Voyages (1811), p. 25.

ON THE GENUS WIDDRINGTONIA. 267

Puyscta STELLARIS, Nyl. Syn. 424.

Another cosmopolitan plaut, but not typically alpine. A small
specimen found growing with Parmelia cetrata on stems of
Phylica.

STICTINA FULIGINOSA, Nyl. Syn. 347.

Fairly common in all continents except Asia. Only a small
specimen of this plaut was collected on Gough Island, and it
belongs, I think, to this species.

The collection also contains some fragments of a Parmelia
plant, one of which might be Parmelia saxatilis, Ach., but they
are too imperfect to admit of precise identification.

Notes on the Genus Widdringtonia. By Maxwett T. uikrens,
M.D., F.R.S., F.L.S. Correspondent of the Institute of
France. 23

[Read 15th June, 1905.] ls C d

Fon reasons assigned in a communication made to the Society in

December 1892 *, it was deemed expedient to treat the genus

Widdringtonia of Endlicher as distinct from the North-African

Tetraclinis and the Australian genera Callitris and Actinostrobus,

although the resemblances between them are so great that there

can be no hesitation in believing them to have had a common
origin.

Reference may be made to the communication already alluded
to for a statement as to the differential characteristics between
the genera above named. It may, however, be here mentioned
that one of the African species to be hereafter enumerated has
six scales to the cone, and in so far breaks down the character
employed as differentiating Widdringtonia, which usually has
four scales, from Callitris, which has six. This exceptional case,
however, is not suflicient to invalidate the general rule. The
synonymy of the genus may be thus expressed :—

* Journ, Linn. Soc., Bot. vol. xxx. (1895) pp. 11, 15, 16.

268 DR. M. T. MASTERS ON

WIDDRINGTONIA.

Endlieher, Cat. Hort. Vindob. i. p. 209 (1842); Synopsis
Coniferarum (1847), p. 31; Lindley and Gordon, in Journ.
Hort. Soc. Lond. v. (1850) p. 205; Knight and Perry, (Rauch)
Synopsis (1850), p. 13; Carriére, Traité Général des Coniféres,
ed. 1 (1855), ed. 2 (1867) ; Gordon, Pinetum (1858), p. 332,
ed. 2 (1875); Henk. et Hochstetter, Syn. der Nadelholz (1865),
p. 292; Harvey, Genera of S. African Plants, ed. 2, Hooker
(1868). The foregoing authors have for the most part followed
Endlicher without adding much to our knowledge of the genus.
Additional information was supplied by the following botanists :—
Schlechtendal, in Linnza, xxxiii. p. 339, tab. 1 (1864) ; Parlatore,
in DC. Prodr. xvi. rr. p. 442 (1868); Masters, in Journ. Linn. Soc.,
Bot. xxx. p. 16 (1895).

Thuie sp., Linn. Mant. p. 125.

Cupressi spp., Thunberg, Fl. Cap. p. 500.

Juniperi spp., La Marck, Eneye. i. (1786).

Schubertia, Sprengel, Syst. Veg. iii. p. 890 (1826).

Pachylepis, Brongniart, in Ann. Sc. Nat. sér. r. (1833) xxx.
p. 189, non Lessing.

Parolinia, Endl. Gen. Supp. i. 1372 (1840).

Callitridis spp., Benth. in Benth. et Hook. Gen. PI. iii. (1880)
p. 424; Eichler, in Engler u. Prantl, Natürl. Pflanzenfamilien,
Teil ii. p. 93 (1889).

The genus consists of a small number of xerophytie, monoicous
trees, valuable for their timber and for their fragrant resin, which
exudes especially from their cone-scales.

They occur in the mountainous districts of the Cape Colony,
from west to east in Kaffraria, Natal,in Mozambique and in Central
Africa, and it appears probable that additional species will be
discovered in the mountainous districts of South and of Central
Africa.

The species at present known are:—

1. W. yuN1PEROrDES, Endlicher, Synops. Conif. (1847) p. 32 ;
Schlechtendal, in Linnea, xxxiii. p. 339 (1864), tab. 1; Parlatore,
in DC. Prod. xvi. 11. (1868) p. 442, aliorumque.

Under this, are included as synonyms :—

Cupressus juniperoides, Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1422.

Cupressus africana, Miller, Dict. ed. 8.

THE GENUS WIDDRINGTONIA. 269

Juniperus capensis, Lamarck, Encye. ii. 626.

Schubertia capensis, Spreng. Syst. iii. p. 890.

Callitris arborea, Schrader ex Meyer, Pflanzengeogr. Docum.
p. 73 et 170.

Pachylepis juniperoides, Brongn. in Ann. Sc. Nat. sér. 1,
vol. xxx. (1831) p. 190, besides other unauthorised names which
have not been taken up by botanists.

This species occurs in the Cedarberg Mts., whence specimens
are found in herbaria from Ecklon & Zeyher, 74 (teste Parlatore) ;
Swellendam, Drége!; Wallich! Hutchins! (see Agric. Journ.
Cape of Good Hope, May 1905); Clanwilliam, MacOwan, 1649 !

The cones are relatively large. The scales are coarsely
tubercled with everted edges, which thus render the dorsum
concave.

The seeds are about 1 cent. long, oblong, thick, somewhat
4-sided, with a truncate, membranous wing and a large, 3—4-
sided whitish hilum.

2. WIDDRINGTONIA SCHWARZII.

Arbor pyramidalis, 50-80-ped. alt., ramosissima, ramis ascen-
dentibus, cortice griseo obtectis, ramulis densis ascendentibus
curvatis subtetragonis ultimis divaricatim patentibus fronde
appressa omnino condensatis ; folia circa 3 mill. long., 1 mill. et
ultra lat., squamiformes ultra medium adnato-decurrentia crassi-
uscula oblonga acuta dorso convexiuscula, medio glandula notata.
Inflorescentia mascula haud visa; strobili feminei numerosi ad
apices ramorum capitatim aggregati breviter pedunculati, singuli
circa 23-25 mill. diam. ; squame 4, 20-22 mill. long, 12-16
mill. lat., lignosze crasse oblongse, aliæ apice truncate, aliæ paulo
majores acutiuscule, omnes triquetrz dorso concave glanduloso-
tuberculate sub apice uncinato-mucronate, intus bifaciales cari-
nate, leviuscule, basi maculis 2-3 albidis hileformibus notatæ
columellamque transverse oblongam cingentes; semina 8-12
ascendentia, 10 mill. long., oblonga compressa basi triquetra, nigro-
fuscescentes, alà pallidiore retusa superata.

Willowmore, Konga Mts., Bavians Kloof, alt. 800-1200 met.,
Schwarz! Marloth, 3614.

Callitris Sehwarzii, Marloth, in Engler, Jahrb. vol. xxxv.
(1905) p. 206.

A species having much of the appearance of JW. juniperoides,
but differing in smaller, thicker, and less acutely pointed leaves,
in the smaller cones (20-22 mill. across when expanded); the

270 DR. M. T. MASTERS ON

cone-scales are also less tubercled and narrower, about 26 mill.
long, 10-12 mill. broad.

3. WIDDRINGTONIA CUPRESSOIDES, Endlicher,l.c.; Parlatore,
l. c.

Thuya cupressoides, Linn. Mant. p. 125; Thunberg, Fl. Cap.
p. 900.

Callitris cupressoides, Schrader ew E. Meyer, Pflanzengeogr.
Docum.; Durand et Schinz, Conspectus, v. p. 950.

Pachylepis cupressoides, Brongn. in Ann. Sc. Nat. sér. 1.
vol. xxx. (1831) p. 189.

Caput Bonae Spei, Masson!; Ecklon, 56b! Drege, 3885 b!;
Schott, 828 ex Parlatore ; Wawra, 149 ex Parlatore; Grahams-
town, Dr. Thom, 103 and 163 in herb. Kew. !; S. Africa, Drége!
Burchell, 7711 4688! 5588; Harvey, 419!; Tafelberg Plateau,
Wilms, 3036!; .Kiggelaer!; Drakensberg, Sanderson, 2011!
The seeds are 7-8 mill. long, obovate compressed, with a mem-
branous retuse wing.

This species is readily recognized by its cone-scales, which are
convex and relatively smooth. There is a specimen from the
“ Hortus Cliffortianus " in the Natural History Museum labelled
Thuja javanica, which is in all probability referable to this species.

4. W. Wuyret, Rendle, in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. vol. iv.
(1894) tab. 9. figs. 6-10; Kew Bulletin, 1892, p. 121, absque
descript.; Mast. in Gard. Chron. June 16, 1894, p. 746, August 18,
1894, p. 18, Jan. 14, 1905, p. 18 (foliorum anatomia); Nature,
November 22, 1894, p. 85.

' Nyassa Land, Mt. Milangi, alt. 10,000 ped., Whyte!; Zomba,
Whyte! McClounie!

The cones are 15 mill. long, the scales separating at maturity,
oblong or pointed, slightly tubercled. Seeds 1 cent. long,
oblong-faleate, with a blackish membranous wing thinly sprinkled
with small resiniferous tubercles.

In section the leaves show, on the upper surface, a palisade-
like arrangement of the cells and one resin-canal of large calibre
outside the endoderm, immediately beneath the single fibro-vas-
cular bundle. The primordial leaves are an inch long, spreading,
linear, and glaucous; others of an intermediate character have the
same form and appearance but are smaller, whilst the adult leaves
are small, deltoid, and closely appressed to the branch.

THE GENUS WIDDRINGTONIA. 271

5. WippnrNGTONIA Manont, Mast., sp. n.

Arbor 15-80-ped., ramosissima ; folia subtetrasticha vel laxius-
cule subspiraliter imbricata appressa squamiformes, sing. 2-3
mill. long., oblonga acuta dorso convexa glandulosa; strobili ad
apices ramulorum aggregati, 16 mill. long., expansi ad 20 mill.
lat.; squame rotundate dorso concave tuberculatz, subapice
foliaceo-mucronate ; semina oblongo-obovate ad apicem alata,
ala retusa.

Rhodesia merid. orientali, Melsetter alt. 4500-7000 ped.,
Mahon !.

Mr. Mahon notes that this species also occurs on the Chima-
nina range, which forms the eastern boundary between Melsetter
and the Portuguese possessions. The timber, according to the
same botanist, is firm and odoriferous, resembling that of W.
W hytei, as do the fruits and seeds, but the foliage is distinct and
markedly so in the young state, when the plants are of a dull,
dark green without the bluish-green hue so remarkable in young
specimens of the Milangi cedar.

6. W. EQUISETIFORMIS, Mast., sp. n.

Arbor ramosissima, rami ascendentes, cortice primum rubello
demum argentato obtecti, ramuli numerosissimi, dense tenuis-
simi, fragiles fronde viridi condensati; folia tristicha, cirea 2-3 mill.
long., oblonga fere ad apicem triangularem adnata plerumque
eglandulosa ; flores monoidi; amenta mascula ad apice ramu-
lorum sita, 9 mill. long., cylindrato-oblonga ; strobili feminei
breviter pedunculati ad apicem ramulorum aggregati, singuli
circa 12 mill. long., 10-11 mill. lat., subglobosi; squame 6 an
semper?, clause, valvate oblonge acute, rugulosm ; bractea
maxima pro parte cum squama concrescens, apice in mucronem
de'toideam subfoliaeeam liberam exeurrens ; semina haud visa.

Kaffraria, Katbergen Div. Stockenstrom, alt. 4000-5000 ped.,
Baur, 1164! Tokai, cult. ! ; in herb. Mus. Brit. adest specimen
sub numero 21, a el. Burchell collectum, huiece speciei forsan
referendum.

Other species mentioned in books are :—

W. Commersoni, Endlicher, Parlatore, J. c.— Mauritius, but not
included in Baker's Flora of that island.

W. natalensis, Endlicher, = W. CUPRESSOIDES.

W. Wallichii, Eudlicher, probably = W. juniperoides.

272 DR. M. T. MASTERS ON

CLAVIS ANALYTICA.

Folia tristicha vel subspiraliter disposita. Strobili

j Squamee 4 vel raro 6... 2
Folia tetrasticha. Strobili squamg 4 .................. 3
Folia verticillata arcte appressa. Strobili squame 6 diu

9 cohzrentes oe eee seem e equisetiformis.
Folia laxiuscule subspiraliter disposita. ^ Strobili

squame 4 demum hiantes | ............... eee Whytei.
Strobili squame dense grosseque tuberculat:e dorso,

3 marginibus eversis, CONCAVE — ......L esses 4

Strobili squame læves vel parum tuberculate dorso
convexiuseuls n... osn cece cence c es eee teense oee cupressoides.
Folia laxiuseule subspiraliter imbricata, subtetra-

4 sticha |... cece eee e cee eene nnne nne Mahoni.
Folia arcte tetrasticha .. ... Lies 5
Folia obtusiuseula vix carinata. Strobili expansi diam.

20-22 mill. Squam:e 20 mill. long., 10 mill. lat.,
duo oblongz duo acute. Semina compressiuscula

. vixangulata — sess] Schwarzii.

Ə
Folia oblonga acuta carinata. Strobili expansi diam.

15 mill. Squame 23-25 mill. long., 15 mill. lat.,
duo obovato-oblongie duo acuta. Semina angulata.
juniperoides.

CHRONOLOGICAL List or SPECIFIC NAMES AND SYNONYMS.
[Synonyms in italics, adopted names in thick type.]

1762. Linneus, Sp. Plant. ed. 2, p. 1422.
Cupressus juniperoides = Widdringtonia juniperoides,
Endlicher.
1768. Miller, Gardeners* Dictionary, ed. 8, n. 6.
Cupressus africana, “called by the Dutch Cypress
Boom” = Widdringtonia juniperoides,
Enlicher.
1767. Linneus, Mantiss. Plant. 125.
Thuia cupressoides = Widdringtonia cupressoides,
Endlicher.

* Tt is worthy of note that the apostrophe or sign of the possessive case is

omitted in the titlepage of this book, -- Ep.

TITE GENUS WIDDRINGTONIA. 73

Burman, Flora Indica eum Prod. Flor. Capens. 27.
Thuia aphylla= Widdringtonia cupressoides.
. Lamarck, Encycl. Méthod. Botanique, ii. 626.
Juniperus capensis= Widdringtonia juniperoides,
Jide Endlicher.
Sprengel, Car. Linnei Systema Veget. ed. xvr. tom. iii. 890.
Schubertia capensis = Widdringtonia juniperoides,
Jide Endlicher.
. Brongniart, in Ann. Se. Nat. 1 sér. t. xxx. (1831) p. 196.
Pachylepis juniperoides - Widdringtonia juniperoides,
Endlicher.
Pachylepis cupressoides = Widdringtonia cupressoides,
Endlicher.
Pachylepis Commersoni ?
E. H. F. Meyer, Comment. de plant. Afric. aust. ....
J. F. Drege. Schrader, ex E. Meyer, Pflanzengeogr.
Docum. 73, 170.
Callitris arborea=Widdringtonia juniperoides,
Endl.
Endlicher, Synops. Coniferarum, p. 32.
Widdringtonia juniperoides.
W. cupressoides.
W. Commersoni ?
Parlatore, in DC Prod. xvi. rr. p. 443.
Widdringtonia juniperoides,
Endlicher.
W. Commersoni, Endlicher.
W. cupressoides, Endlicher.
Carriére, Traité Général des Coniféres, ed. 2.
Widdringtonia juniperoides,
Endlicher.
W. cupressoides, Endlicher.
W. Commersoni, Endlicher.
W.glauca?=W. cupressoides,
W. natalensis ?
W. Wallichii ?
. Gordon, Pinetum, ed. 2, pp. 416 e£ seg.
W. Commersoni, Endlicher.
W. cupressoides, Endlicher.
W. juniperoides, Endlicher.
W. natalensis, Endlicher.
W. Wallichii, Endlicher.

o

274 ON THE GENUS WIDDRINGTONIA.

1895. Durand et Schinz, Conspectus Flore Africz, vol. v. p. 950.
Callitris cupressoides = Widdringtonia cupressoides,
Endlicher.

Callitris Commersoni = Widdringtonia Commersoni,
Endlicher.

Callitris juniperoides = Widdringtonia juniperoides,
Endlicher.

SPECIES DUBIÆ.

Widdringtonia natalensis, Endlicher.
W. Wallichii, Endlicher.
1894. Rendle, in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. vol. iv. p. 60.
W. Whytei.

1905. Marloth, in Engler, Bot. Jahrb. xxxvi. p. 205 e. ic.
Callitris Schwarzii = W. Schwarzii.

1905. Masters.
W. equisetiformis.

In drawing up the foregoing notes I have availed myself of
the collections at Kew and in the Natural History Museum, and
I have been greatly aided by excellent specimens kindly furnished
by Mr. E. Hutchins, the Conservator of Forests at Cape Town.

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THE LINNEAN SOCIETY,

Vor XXXVII. . BOTANY. No. 260.
CONTENTS.
Page

I. Cyrtandracese Malayan insularis nove. By Dr. Fr.
Krinzuin. (Communicated by Dr. Orro STAPF,
BUS.) erect no tnn nm nnt ettet dne 275

IL On Characes from the Cape Peninsula collected by
Major A. H. Wolley-Dod, R.A. By Messrs. H. & J.
Groves, F.L.S. (Plate 11) .................. ee 285

III. On some Endophytie Alge. By A. D. Corrox, F.L.5.,
Assistant, Herbarium, Royal Botanie Gardens, Kew.
(Plate 12) ...... cse ee neers 288

IV. A Second Contribution to the Flora of Africa.—
Rubiacem and Composite II. By Spencer Le M.
Moors, B.Sc., F.L.S. (Plates 18-15) .................. 298

V. On Taiwania, a new Genus of Conifer from the
Island of Formosa. By Bunzo Hayara, Tokyo.
(Communicated by MaxweLL T. Masrers, M.D.,
ERS PELAS TER IO) oso e 330

VI. A correction of Widdringtonia equisetiformis to
Callitris robusta. By Maxweut T. Masters, M.D.,
E A EO E T R rS 332

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Dr. Otto Stapf.

CYRTANDRACE/E MALAY INSULARIS NOV FK. 275

Cyrtandracee Malays insularis nove. By Dr. Fr. Kuiszurx.
(Communicated by Dr. Orro Srarr, F.L.S.)

[Read 21st December, 1905.]

I propose to publish here a small number of new species of
Malayan Cyrtandracem, the type-specimens of which are all in
the Herbarium of the Royal Botanie Gardens at Kew, and, so
far as I know, only there.

It is, of course, unsafe to draw conclusions from a study of a
limited number of plants; still, some remarks of a more general
character may be permissible. There are among the plants
described here four species of Cyrtandra. They belong to the
vast section Polynesie, are of Philippine origin, resemble dwarf,
branchy oaks, and are all modifications of a type which so far
has had its only known representative in Oyrtandra parvifolia,
C. B. Clarke. Among the Polynesie they form a small natural
group which we may call Parviflore, after the species which
was first made known. Extending the process of subdividing
large sections into more or less clearly defined groups of species
to the Decurrentes, another extensive section of Cyrtandra, we
find a nucleus of sueh a group in one of the two species of
Decurrentes described below. It is C. rhizantha, which possesses
so peculiar a manner of growth that a special place may
be claimed for it. lt contrasts as the type of a subsection
Heteroblaste with the remainder of the Decurrentes, which
may be termed Homoitoblaste, the latter including another new
species of Decurrentes, C. gracilenta. The sections Jackiane,
Stellate, and .Dispares are each represented by a single
species and do not call for subdividing or rearranging these
sections.

Among the new and beautiful species of Aschynanthus,
Æ. Fraseriana is the only one that deserves some special con-
sideration on account of its apparent dimorphism or possible
tendency towards dicecism. I have seen a single specimen of it.
Of this, all the flowers had well-developed stamen with long
filaments, whilst the pistil was so short and imperfect that the
speeimen must be either considered as the brachystylous form of
the species—the complementary macrostylous form being stiil
unknown—or as functionally male. Further observations on

LINN, JOURN.— BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII. U

276 DR. FR. KRANZLIN: CYRTANDRACEJE

the oceurrence of similar modifications among the species of
Aischynanthus are very desirable, and could, of course, be made
best in the field.

CyRTANDRA TUBIFLORA, Kränzl.—[Dispares.] Frutex humilis.
Caulis ad 45 em. altus, simplex, in superiore parte foliatus,
omnino glaber. Folium alterum omnino obsoletum aut ad
rudimentum filiforme reductum, alterum petiolatum, oblongum,
acuminatum, subfaleatum, paulum asymmetricum, integrum,
margine (et subtus certe in nervis principalibus) parce brunneo-
pilosum ; folia minima cum petiolo 2 em. longo, 7 em. longa,
2:3 em. lata, maxima 15 em. longa, 4-45 em. lata. Cyme
dichasiales ex axillis et folii prestantis et folii obsoleti, 1-3-floræ.
Pedunculi 1-1'2 cm. longi. Bractee magne, ovato-lanceolate,
non in involucrum coalite, 2 em. long, 7-8 mm. late. Pedicelli
brevissimi. Calyx longe tubulosus, apiee tantum in dentes
5 triangulares supra lineares equilongos divisus, fere 2:5 em.
longus, a basi medium fere usque minute puberulus. Corolla
4°5 em. longa, supra tubiformis, 1:8 em. diam., infra (in calyce)
infundibuliformis, lobi transverse oblongi, obtusi, vix diversi.
Stamina sesquitorta, anthere elongate, lineares. Stylus in
ovarium levissime fusiforme transiens, minute papillosus. Stigma
magnum, bilabiatum. Discus et bacca a me non visa (ob flores
in parte inferiore partim destruetos).— Junio.

North Borneo: Nial, on limestone ( Haviland & Hose, n. 3537 !).

This plant resembles very much Cyrt. oblongifolia, Benth. &
Hook., but one leaf of every pair is reduced to a little scale, the
last remnant of the petiole, the leaves are thinner and black
when dry, whilst in Cyrt. oblongifolia they assume a rusty or
cinnamon colour. The flowers are larger (in our species),
especially longer, and are also black in the dried state.

CynTANDRA HYPOCHRYSEA, Ardnzl.—[Stellate.] Fruticosa.
Rami strieti, validi, subquadranguli; vetustiores cortice griseo
profunde suleato fragili tecti, juniores pallide ferrugineo-villosi.
Folia satis longe petiolata, opposita, equalia v. vix diversa,
symmetrica, oblonga, aeuta v. subaeuminata, margine distanter
dentata et leviter undulata, supra intense viridia, leviter arach-
noideo-pilosa (pilis detersilibus), subtus pallidiora et in nervis
omnibus chryseo- v. pallide ferrugineo-villosa, pilis sericeis
nitidis, textura satis firma; petioli satis crassi, 2-4 em. longi,

MALAY INSULARIS NOVA. 277

pallide flavido-villosi; laminz 5-10 em. longs, 2-45 em. ata.
Flores in cymas dichasiales dispositi pallide flavi; pedunculi
2-3 em. longi, stricti, ut calyces corolleque extus dense villosi.
Bractew anguste ovate, acuminate, basi libere, 2 cm. longa,
basi 8-10 mm. late. Bracteole pedicellos multo superantes.
Calycis segmenta linearia, e basi latiore attenuata, 1 em. longa,
corollam subequantia. Corolla 1:4 em. longa, supra 1 em. diam.,
tubulosa, extus densissime villosa, intus glandulis minutis
undique obsita; lobi inter se vix diversi, transverse oblongi,
acutiusculi. Stamina geniculata ; filamenta infra paulum
latiora; anthere conglutinate. Stylus longiusculus, pilis glan-
dulireris fere capitatis vestitus. Bacca oblonga, quam calyx
brevior, dense mamillosa. Discus uno latere humilior, ceterum
integer.

Philippines: North Luzon, Prov. of Benguet (Loher, n. 4233!).

The plant is nearest to Cyrt. chrysea, C. B. Clarke, but the
inflorescences, though much shorter than the leaves, are stalked,
and the flowers are larger, especially the calyx. It is also allied
to Cyrt. reticosa, C. B. Clarke, but the leaves are smaller and
longer petiolate. The disk, so far as I could make out, is very
small, especially on one side, but it is indeed circular and not
one-sided.

CyRTANDRA RHIZANTHA, Kränzl.— [Decurrentes.] Caulis
hypogzeus, repens, ramosus, cataphyllis mox deciduis obsitus,
multiartieulatus; caulis epigeus certe altus, quadrangularis,
sulcatus, 6-7 mm. crassus, glaberrimus. Folia cpposita, longe
petiolata, asymmetrica s. leviter faleata, altera parte magis in
petiolum decurrentia, supra et subtus etiam in nervis glabra;
nervi principales utrinque 16-18, angulum 45-60? cum nervo
mediano efficientibus ; margo obscure denticulatus; petioli 6-12
em. longi; lamine ad 32 em. longe, ad 14 em. late. Flores
in cymas paucifloras dispositi. Bracteæ sub anthesi null».
Pedunculi 1 em. longi. Calyx tubulosus, bilabiatus, 1:5 em.
longus; lobi 3 breves triangulares, 2 (labium inferius) elongati
reflexi. Corolla 2:5-2:8 em. longa, e basi globosa angustata,
subeampanulata, quam calyx duplo longior, manifeste bilabiata ;
tobi labii superioris approximati, transverse oblongi, ab illis
labii inferioris quorum intermedius major sejuncti. Stamina
corollam exeedeutes ; filamenta filiformia, valde tortuosa, glabra ;

anthere subglobose, non conglutinate. Discus brevis, 5-lobus.
2

278 DR. FR. KRANZLIN : CYRTANDRACEJE

Ovarium brevi-stipitatum, longe fusiforme, in stylum corollam
wquantem attenuatum. Stylus parce glanduloso-pilosus. Stigma
orbieulare, excavatum. Bacca 1'5 em. longa, 6 mm. crassa
(maxima, quam vidi).— Augusto.

Celebes: Forest at the mouth of the valley Tiram (?) (de la
Saviniere, n. 1881).

Differs from Cyrt. radiciflora, C. B. Clarke, in the leaves,
which are by far larger and glabrous on both sides and less
serrate. The flowers also are larger and the stamens and the
style longer. I believe it is better to separate this species from
the other ** Decurrentes," the flowers being produced on separate
short branches arising directly from the subterranean stem or
rhizome, whilst the leaf-bearing stem is flowerless. For this
reason I propose to establish a new subsection “ Heteroblaste,”
in contradistinction to the “ Homotoblaste,” which produce stems
with flowers in the axils of stil existing leaves, as in the
majority of the species, or in the axils of decayed leaves, as in
Cyrt. radiciflora, C. B. Clarke.

CYRTANDRA GHACILENTA, Avrdnzl.—[Decurrentes.] Caulis
herbaceus, tetragonus, sulcatus; internodia 8:5-5 cm. longa,
suprema tantum leviter pilosa. Folia equalia, opposita, petio-
lata, lanceolata, acuminata, remote dentata, in margine levissime
pilosa (presertim in dentibus), ceterum utrinque glabra, supra
opaca, viridia, subtus multo pallidiora, juniora pilis brunneis
mox deciduis villosa, 12-20 em. longa (incl. petiolo 2-3 em.
longo), 3-35 cm. lata, basi zqualia. Cyme dichasiales sessiles,
triflore. Bractese in involucrum 5-6 mm. longum urceolatum
extus brevi-pilosum utrinque acutum 5-6 mm. longum coalite.
Calyx 1 ein. longus, quam braetez duplo longior, dense longeque
villosus; segmenta longe linearia. ^ Corolla elongata, flavida,
3 cm. longa, fauce 1:5-I:8 em. lata, infundibuliformis, lobulis
sequalibus rotundatis, extus fulvido-villosa, fauce minute papillosa.
Authere subquadrate. Filamenta linearia, corolle zquilonga,
minute pilosa. Staminodia minuta. Stylus equilongus, glaber.
Stigma magnum, oblongum, valde papillosum:

Borneo: near Datar (Dater?) (Curtis! comm. Veitch).

The plant is very near Cyrt. navicellata, Zippel, but the leaves
are narrower, the petiole much shorter, and the corolla twice
as long as in that species. ‘There are only very few flowers
with the specimen, and I confess I have not seen the disk; but

MALAYJE INSULARIS NOVA. 279

the plant is in all respects so near to Cyrt. navicellata, that its
position next to that species cannot be doubtful.

CYRTANDRA CRETACEA, Kränzl—[Jackianæ.] Caulis lig-
nosus, repens, passim radicans, apice tantum foliatus. Folia
8-9 congesta, opposita, æqualia, longe petiolata, elliptica, obtusa,
margine integra, leviter undulata, supra glabra, excepto nervo
mediano medium usque minute ferrugineo-puberula glauca v.
albida, subtus eleganter reticulata; nervi omnes neenon petioli
brunneo-villosi; petioli 7 em. longi; lamine æquilongæ, 9:5 em.
latze. Flores in tot cymas v. dicbasia plerumque uniflora quot
folia dispositi, floribus lateralibus obsoletis. Pedunculi 1:5 em.
longi, ut bractee in involucrum coalitæ extus dense villosi.
Involuerum profunde fissum; segmenta late oblonga, apice
barbata. Pedicelli brevissimi. Calyx floris ut videtur mox
deciduus, fere basin usque fissus, involucrum subequans, 6 mm.
longus, extus dense pilosus. Corolla quam calyx duplo longior,
infundibuliformis, extus sparse longeque pilosa ; lobi subequales,
ovato-oblongi, labia igitur haud distincta, 1-1:2 cm. longa.
Stamina elongata ; filamenta medio dilatata, geniculata; anthers
oblongg, arcte conglutinatzm. Staminodia elongata, filiformia.
Ovarium oblongum, dense pilosum. Stylus brevis. — Diseus
brevis, minutus. Bacca oblonga, papillosa, involucrum post
anthesin auctum paulum excedens, ad 7-8 mm. longa, 4 mm.
crassa.—J unio.

North Borneo: Niah, on limestone (Haviland § Hose, n. 3530!).

The peculiar feature and the beauty of this little plant is in
the leaves. They are, on the upper surface, whitish green, or
in the living state glaucous, probably with a silky lustre; on
the underside they are covered with an elegant network of
numerous anastomosing veins clothed with dark brown silky
hairs. The bracts forming the so-called involucre are bearded
at the top and free nearly to the base; they increase after
flowering and protect the berry better than the thin and quickly
vanishing calyx. The nearest species is Cyrt. bicolor, Jack;
but this has a monophyllous involucre containing many flowers
of larger size.

CYRTANDRA MACRODISCUS, JArünzl—[Polynesie.] Frutex
debilis. Rami tenues, flaccidi, glabri, juniores tantum brunneo-
pilosis Folia opposita, valde inequalia, symmetrica, petiolata,

280 DR. FR. KRANZLIN : CYRTANDRACE.E

lanceolata, acuta acuminatave, remote grosse dentata, supra
opaca, viridia, subtus pallidiora, in nervis tantum ut etiam in
petiolo brunneo-villosa, 5-85 longa, 1-2°5 lata (incl. petiolo
1 em. longo); nervi primarii 5-6. Flores in dichasia brevissima
plerumque monantha dispositi ; interdum flos primarius diu ante
laterales evolutus, aut laterales abortivi. Bracte: ovate, acute,
liberz, ut pedicelli et calyces extus longe brunneo-villose.
Pedicelli 5 mm. longi. Bracteole squilonge. Calyx medium
usque campanulatus, sub anthesi 1 em. longus, lobis linearibus
apice ipso paulum incrassatis. Corolla ampla, tubulosa, bilabiata ;
lobi labii superioris reflexi, breviores, illi labii inferioris breviores,
deflexi, omnes rotundati; tota corolla extus albido-villosa, intus
sparse papillosa, ceterum glabra, fere 2 em. longa, lobis patenti-
bus, fauce lata, lobi 5 mm. longi, 8-4 mm. lati. Stamina
rectiuscula, paulum torta. Filamenta linearia, nuda. Anthere
late oblongz, eonglutinate. Staminodia satis longa, apice
autheram valde reductam sterilem gerentia. Discus pro flore
magnus, 5-lobus. Ovarium dense ferrugineo-villosum. Stylus
breviusculus, supra glanduloso-pilosus, in ovarium transiens.
Stigma oblongum, parvum. Bacca inter formam cylindraceam
et obconicam intermedia, ad 1:2 em. longa, superne 6 mm. diam.

Philippines: North Luzon, Prov. of Benguet ( Barnes, Forestry-
Bureau, n. 921 !).

This is a little, much-branched shrub. The leaves resemble in
some way those of certain oaks. The flowers are more distinctly
bilabiate than in many other species of the Polynesian group;
the disk below the cvary is rather large compared with the small
ovary. The berry has a tendency towards becoming obconical,
outgrows the calyx in diameter, and exceeds by far the small
bracts, which are free to the base. On the whole it is a some-
what aberrant type among the “ Parviflore " of the Polynesia.

CynRTANDRA MICRANTHA, Ardnzl.—[Polynesie.] ^ Frutex.
Rami paulum flexuosi, basin versus glabri, teretes, novelli
brunneo-villosi. Folia opposita, inequalia, plerumque sym-
metriea, rarius paulum asymmetrica, petiolata, lanceolata,
acuminata, paulum et remote dentata, juniora omnius ferrugineo-
villosa, adulta supra opaca, viridia, subtus pallidiora, in margine
sparse, in nervis densius brunneo-villosa. Petioli 1-1'5 em.
longi, dense pilosi. Lamins» 10-14 cm. longe, 4 cm. late ;
nervi primarii utrinque 8. Cyme densiuscule, subcapitate,

MALAYJE INSULARIS NOVA. 281

brevi-pedicellate ; pedicelli, braetez, calyces longe brunneo-
pilosi. Bracteæ in involucrum coalite, post anthesin decidua,
ovate, acute, subtus valde nervosm. Pedicelli brevissimi, quam
bracteole breviores. Calycis 6 mm. longi brevi-campanulati,
segmenta linearia, tres quartas corolle squantia. Corolla cam-
panulata, extus et intus glabra, 8-9 mm. longa, supra 6 mm.
diam.; lobi paulum diversi, transverse oblongi, rotuudati.
Stamina linearia, glabra, valde curvata; anthere non congluti-
nate. Staminodia parva. Discus 5-dentatus. Stylus glanduloso-
papillosus. Stigma obscure bilabiatum. Bacca ovalis, dense
papillosa, stylo subbreviore coronata, calycem patulum excedens,
6 mm. longa, 3-4 mm. crassa.

Philippines: Northern Luzon, Prov. of Benguet (Barnett,
Forestry-Bureau, n. 923 !).

This plant is surely very near to Cyrt. parviflora, C. B. Clarke;
but it differs in the curved stamens, the not cohering anthers,
and the glabrous filaments.

CvynTANDRA BENGUETIANA, Avrünzl.—[Polynesime.] Fruticu-
losa. Rami vetustiores subtetragoni, grisel, glabri; juniores
bruuneo-villosi. Folia opposita, paulum inequalia, lanceolata,
basi et apice longe acuminata, utrinque paucidentata, brevi-
petiolata, paulum asymmetriea, maryine revoluta, tenuiter
coriacea, supra viridia, subtus pallida, margine et in nervis
majoribus brunneo-pilosa; nervi primarii utrinque 7-8; folia
novella omnino aureo-villosa. Cymæ breves et brevi-pedieellatze
in axillis foliorum. Pedunculi, pedicelli, bracteæ, calyces extus
omnia rufo-pilosa. Bracteæ persistentes, parve. Calyx fere
basin usque fissus, 5 mm. longus; lobi e basi paulum latiore
lineares, satis longi, apice incrassati. Corolla 7 mm. longa;
tubus longiusculus, fauce 3 mm. latus, calyeem bene excedens ;
limbus in lobos parvos rotundatos subzequales divisus. Filamenta
valde torta. Staminodia conspicua, filiformia. Discus satis
altus, breviter lobus. Bacca oblonga, in stylum brevem attenuata,
5 mm. longa.

Philippines: North Luzon, Prov. of Benguet (Loher, n. 4237 !
5039!) The same locality (Vidal, n. 1821).

The plant is a near ally of Cyrt. parviflora, C. B. Clarke; but
it differs in the size being even smaller than the preceding
species. The very remarkable golden-brownish nerves on the
uuderside of the leaves bring the plant near to Cyrt. chrysea,

282 DR. FR, KRANZLIN : CYRTANDRACE E
C. B. Clarke, another small flowering species; but this plant has

the leaves larger and covered throughout with golden-yellow
hairs.

CYRTANDRA ILICIFOLIA, Aünzl.—[Polynesim.] Fruticosa,
zalde ramosa. Cortex ramosum vetustiorum griseus, valde
rugosus, glaber, rami juniores necnon petioli dense fusco-villosi.
Folia opposita, equalia, breviter petiolata, acuminata, basi
cuneata, paucidentata (dentes utrinque 3-5), supra opaea,
viridia, minute pilosa, subtus pallidiora, glabra, nervis primariis
(utrinque 5) brunneo-villosis exceptis; petioli 1 em. longi;
laminæ ad 8 em. longi, 2-2°5 cm. late. Cyma longe pedunculate,
dimidium foliorum equantes, pauciflore plus minus dichasiales.
Bractee cymarum acuminate; bracteole lanceolate, minute.
Calyx campanulatus; segmenta e basi lata triangularia, angu-
lata, linearia, dense pilis setiformibus articulatis brunneis
sericeis vestita, 5 mm. longa. Corolle luteole, tubus calycem
duplo superans, 8 mm. longus, fauce 4 mm. diam. ; labii superi
lobi subbreviores quam illi inferioris, rotundati, reflexi; labium
inferum sublongius in fauce dense papillosum, quasi pulvinatum,
leviter inflatum, lobis antrorsis duplo longioribus. Filamenta
semicireulariter curvata. Staminodia longa, capitellata. Stylus
stamina excedens, sparse glanduloso-pilosus. Bacca calycem
persistentem plus duplo superans, ovata, papillosa, 5 mm. longa,
3 mm. crassa.

Philippines: Northern Luzon, Prov. of Benguet (Loher,
n. 4235! 4236!), The same locality (Vidal, n. 1669 !).

A little shrub resembling Quercus Ilex in foliage. In the
structure of the flowers it comes near to Cyrt. parviflora, C. B.
Clarke, but it is more slender in all parts, and, as regards the
flowers, perhaps the most inconspicuous plant of the whole
genus, and the name “ parviflora” would no doubt be more
appropriate to it than to the plant so named.

JESCHYNANTHUS CORDIFOLIA, Kidéazl. — [Holocalyx § 1.]
Caulis pars que adest stricta, glaberrima. Folia pro planta
parva, breviter petiolata, cordata, ovata, apice ipso obtusa, carno-
sula, supra glabra, subtus minute puberula, margine ciliata;
petiolus pilosus, 4 mm. longus; lamina 2°5 em. longa, basi
1:5 em. lata. Flores in cymas dispositi. Cymax 2-3-flore, in

MALAYÆ INSULARIS NOV. X. 283

apice caulis terminales, subumbellate. Pedunculi 9 em., pedi-
celli 2 em. longi, reflexi. Bracteæ a me non vise sub anthesi
jam delapse. Calyx magnus, urceolatus v. subcylindraceo-
obconicus, 3:5-4 em. longus, glabriuseulus, in lobos late triangulos
obtusos divisus; lobi 6-7 mm. longi, basi 5 mm. lati. Corolla
calyce duplo fere longior, 6-7 em. longa, leviter curvata pur-
purea; lobi labii superioris parvi, approximati, illi labii inferioris
laterales, magni, rotundati, intermedius transversus, emargina-
tus (7); tota corolla minute pilosa. Stamina majora paulum
breviora quam eorolla, minora in fundo obcelata. Stylus etiam
brevior? Discus parvus, retusus. (P).

Ternate or Tidor (Curtis? comm. Veitch D.

The leaves are rather small, and even smaller than those of
“Esch. parvifolia, R. Br. ; they are exactly cordate, a shape not
observed (at least not reported) so far. The stamens are very
short, and shorter than in the allied species, viz. Æsch. javanica,
Rollins, and Asch. Curtisii, C. B. Clarke.

JEÉSCHYNANTHUS RHODOPHYLLA, Kränzl—[ Holocalyx 8 1.]
Caulis repens, passim radicans, praesertim apice pilosus. Folia
opposita, erebra; internodiis 2 em. longis inter se distantia,
breviter petiolata v. subsessilia, ovata, obtusa, crasse carnosa,
supra glabra, viridia, subtus sparse pilosa, violacea v. rosacea
(etiam sicca), eum petiolo 1-1:5 mm. longo, 2:5-2:8 em. longa,
l-1:3 em. lata, sicca convexa. Cymæ terminales ut videtur
pauci-(2-3-)fore. Pedunculi 1 em. longi. Bracteæ a me non
vise. Pedicelli dense fusco-glanduloso-pilosi, vix 1 em. longi.
Calyx tubulosus, apice brevidentatus, extus dense fusco-pilosus,
fere 2:5 em. longus, apice 8 mm. diam.; lobi vix 9 mm. longi.
Corolla anguste cylindracea, extus dense pilosa pilis glanduli-
geris et setaceis intermixtis, calycem fere duplo superans,
superne eurvata, fauce angusta; lobi subequales, rotundati, illi
labi inferioris paulum producti; tota corolla atropurpurea, ad
basin loborum intus pallidiora, 4-4-5 em. longa. Stamina longiora
corollam vix superantia, breviora, illam squantia. Antherz
omnes leviter cohærentes, oblonge ; filamenta pilis longis glandu-
ligeris sparsis vestita. Stylus equilongus, per totam longitudinem
dense pilosus. Discus brevis, 5- partitus. Capsula matura, ultra
20 cm. longa.

North Borneo, near Kushing (Dr. Haviland, n. 1513 !).

284 CYRTANDRACE.E MALAYJE INSULARIS NOV X.

The species nearest to this are ZEsch. parvifolia, R. Br., and
Teijsmanniana, Miq.; but it differs from both in its very small,
convex leaves whieh have a pale rose-coloured hue, especially on
the underside. The specimens having been collected too late,
all the flowers were faded too much for a perfectly satisfactory
analysis; but the characters mentioned in the description are
suffieient to establish a new species.

ZEscuyyantuus Hosrana, Arünzl.—[Holocalyx $2.! Caulis
gracilis, repens, ad nodos omnes radicans; internodia 2. 5-4 em.
longa. Folia «qualia, petiolata, oblonga ellipticave, obtusa v.
breviter acutata, satis tenera, haud coriacea, glabra ut tota
planta; petioli 8-10 mm. longi; lamine 2:5-45 em. longa,
1:2-2:5 em. late, subtus pallidiores. Pedunculi brevissimi, vix
5 mm. longi. Flores 1-3 longius pedicellati. Bracteæ non in
involucrum coalitæ, obovato-oblongm, obtuse, 7-8 mm. longa,
ad 5 mm. late. Pedicelli 1:5 em. longi. Calyx tubulosus v.
subeylindraeeus ore paulum ampliato, 1°5 em. longus, 5-7 mm.
diam. ; lobi breves, triangulares, acuti, vix 2 mm. longi. Corolla
purpurea, 2:5 cm. longa, fauce 7-8 mm. diam., quam calyx sub-
duplo longior, non curvata, extus glaberrima; lobuli labii
superioris strieti, rotundati, margine ciliati, illi labii inferioris
ovato-triangulares, reflexi, medio puberuli. Stamina tubum
corolla bene superantes, minute puberula. Stylus cum ovario
vix crassiore, disco crasso vix lobulato insidens, gracilis; stigma
magnum, minute bilobum ; capsula a me non visa.—Novembri.

North Borneo: Saribas (Haviland, n. 3528 !).

This differs from all the other species of this section in its
ereeping stems which root from all the nodes, and in the
glabrousness of all parts excepting the inside of the three inferior
corolla-lobes and the filaments.

JEscuyNANTHUS Frasertana, Ardnzl. — [Polytrichium. |
Caulis certe longus, radicans, satis validus, glaberrimus, multi-
articulatus; internodia 3-6 cm. longa, ad nodos incrassata.
Folia breviter petiolata, elliptica, basi rotundata, apiee subaeuta,
coriacea, glabra; juniora et caulis partes novelle mihi non visa,
supra enervia, subtus minute reticulata, 6-75 em. longa (incl.
petiolo 5 mm. longo), 2 em. lata. Pedunculi pauciflori, brevissimi,
axillares, 6-8 mm. longi. Pedicelli subnulli. Bracteæ bre-
vissime, libere. Calycis segmenta linearia, e basi paulo latiore

CHARACEJE FROM THE CAPE PENINSULA. 285

angustata, quam pars coalita brevis cupuliformis ter longiora,
totus calyx ad 2 em. longus, sub lente valido minutissime pilosus.
Corolla ealyeis lobos non excedens, breviter cupularis, leviter v.
vix curvata, obscure labiata ; lobi vix inter se diversi, rotundati,
margine rotundati, ciliati, illi labii inferioris paulum breviores,
omnes conniventes v. vix patuli, corolla 2 em. longa, superne
lem. diam. Stamina corollam fere duplo superantia ; filamenta
tenuissima, pilosa; ad insertionem filamentorum et staminodii
minuti linearis, 4. e. in fundo corolie paulum supra basin 5
pulvinaribus pilorum artieulatorum satis erassorum instructa;
filamenta 2 em. longa, 1 em. supra fundum corollæ inserta.
Discus magnus, obscure 5-lobus. Ovarium cum stylo brevissi-
mum, discum vix excedens. Stigma parvum. Capsula et semina
non adsunt.—A prili.

British North Borueo, near Marisinsing (Dr. Fraser, n. 268 !).

The plant differs from sch. Motleyi, C. B. Clarke, in the size
and the shape of the leaves, in its shorter calyx-lobes, and in
the size and shape of the pistil; in other respects both species
are much alike. So far as we can judge from the specimen at
hand, there must be still a macrostyle form with shorter stamens
to be detected.

On Characee from the Cape Peninsula olleeted py Major A. H.
Wolley-Dod, R.A. By Messrs. H. & J. Groves, F.L.S.

[Read 21st December, 1905.]
(Prate 11.)

Tuis small collection of eight numbers, representing seven
species, was made by Major Dod in 1895-7 on Table Mountain
and the adjacent hills, and the records are published in the
‘List of Flowering Plants and Ferns of the Cape Peninsula,’
compiled by him in conjunction with Mr. Harry Bolus. Among
them are two of our common European species, C. vulgaris and
C. fragilis, the rest being apparently endemic to Africa and
one being a new species. Major Dod informs us that in the
districts he visited these plants were very scarce.

286 MESSRS. H. AND J. GROVES ON

During the earlier half of last century a number of Characeæ
were collected in Cape Colony and Natal by German botanists ;
but since that time little has been done in this direction, and the
material in our National Herbaria is extremely scanty. The
most interesting feature of the Chara-flora of Cape Colony is
the presence of species intermediate between the two sections
Diplostiche and Triplostichze, which in other parts of the world
are fairly distinct.

CHARA FRAGILIS, Desvaux, in Loisel- Notice aj. Fl. France,
1810, p. 137.

Vaarsche Vley, 11th Nov. 1897. No. 3561.

A large stout form near the var. Zedwigii, Kuetz.

C. TANYGLOCHIS, sp. nova. Caulis tenuis, diplo- vel triplo-
stiche cortieatus. Aculei plerumque solitarii, magnitudine valde
insquales, sepissime mucronato-papilliformes, sed infra nodos
nonnullos elongati etiam usque ad duplicem caulis diametrum.
Stipulodia admodum evoluta, cellulis serierum utrisque fere
equalibus, binorum quisque szpe super pediculum sitis. Ramuli
vertieillorum 8-9, articulis corticatis plerumque 5, ecorticatis
1-2, nodis fertilibus 2-3. Bractee ad nodos fertiles 6-8,
posteriores 1-2, abbreviate nonnunquam mucronato-papilli-
formes, laterales longe acuminate fructum duplo superantes.
Fructus longitudine circa *8 mm., crassitudine circa *47 mm. ;
coronulâ longitudine ‘13-14 mm., ad basin crassitudine "2 mm. ;
nucleo atro, circa 15-16 strias exhibente. Antheridium diametro
':27—85 mm. Monoiea.

Diteh by the railway, near Muizenberg Vley, Cape Colony,
14th Nov. 1897. No. 3564.

A small slender plant resembling C. fragilis. Branchlets
of the lower whorls straightish. Upper internodes rather
short. Like the diwcious C. Kraussii, its relationship seems
to be rather with C. fragilis and C. aspera than with other
Diplostiehz, although the cortex is diplostichous rather than
iriplostiehous. The sharp, well-developed, prominent stipu-
lodes, each pair often on a definite stalk, and the conspieuously
acuminate bract-cells, as well as the monacious character,
readily distinguish it from C. Araussii and C. stachymorpha.

Linn. Soc.Journ. Bot. Vou. AXXVILFPL.11.

Groves.

West, Newman imp.

CHARA TANYGLOCHIS

=

H Groves del
J N Fitch hth

CHARACEE FROM THE CAPE PENINSULA. 287

C. Knavssir, Kuetz. Tab. Phyc. vol. vii. (1857) p. 22, t. 53.
C. pheochiton, A. Braun, Monatsb. kónigl. Akad. Berl. for
1867 (1868) p. 861.

Pools close to Fish Hoek Station, 830th Oct. 1897 ; no. 3505.—
Vygeskraal River above Uitvluzt, 3rd Nov. 1897 ; no. 3578.

C. STACHYMORPHA, Ganterer, Die bisher bekannt. Oesterr.
Charen (1847) p.19. C. Kraussii var. stachyomorpha, A. Braun,
l. c. p. 859.

Muizenberg Vley, 14th Nov. 1897. No. 3563. Male plant
only.

We have not had an opportunity of examining the type of
this species, but the present plant agrees exactly with Braun's
description of it. It is, however, important to note that the
cells at the base of the branchlets, representing undeveloped
stipulodes, are in a single series only, which would appear to
place the species in the group Haplostephane.

C. CAPENSIS, Kuetz. Tab. Phyc. vol. vii. (1857) p. 28, t. 71.
Vygeskraal River, 27th Dec. 1895. No. 544.

C. vuraanis, Linn. Species Plant. (1753) vol. ii. p. 1156.

Hout Bay. No. 3326.

A form with small papilliform spine-cells and very blunt
bract-cells.

NirELLA DREGEANA, Kuetz. Sp. Alg. (1849) p. 517. N. tri-
cuspis, A. Braun, l. c. p. 805.

Raapenberg Vley, 21st Oct. 1897. No. 3114.

The present plant belongs to the var. grandis of Braun's
N. tricuspis.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 11.

. Plant. Natural size,

. Branchlet. x 15.

. Stem, showing long spines. x 30.

. Fruit. x 30.

5. Cortex, showing short spines. X 30.

6. Ends of bract-cells. The inner lines towards the apex show the
thickened cell-wall and spine-like points. x 60.

7. Coronula. x 60.

&. Stipulode, side view. x 30.

Fig.

em Cobo ee

288 MR. A. D. COTTON ON

On some Endophytie Alge. By A. D. Covton, F.L.S., Assistant,
Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

[Read 18th January, 1906.]
(PLATE 12.)

Spectes of Endophytie Alge are found amongst several genera
belonging both to the Pheophycea and to the Chlorophyces.
All are microscopic forms the thallus of which is represented
either by filaments or plates of cells which grow in the tissues
of larger Algæ. In some cases the endophyte is found in the
gelatinous walls of the external surface of the host-plant; in
others, the filuments penetrate deeper into the host and are
found running between the cells of the thallus-tissue. In
neither case is the invading plant necessarily parasitic.

The genus Endoderma among the greens and Streblonema
among the browns may be taken as representatives of Endophytic
Alge from these two groups. In Endoderma the entire life-
history of the plant is (with a few exeeptions) endophytie, save
for a few colourless hairs and the liberated zoospores. But in
Streblonema, though the main mass of tissue is within the host-
plant, the reproductive portion is always produced outside.
Huber’s researches on the former and Sauvageau’s on the latter
have added much to our knowledge of this group of plants.

The object of the present paper is to record some observations
on the life-history of Endoderma virida (Rke.), Lagerh. Two
species of Streblonema are also dealt with.

As to material, fresh alge were examined when possible,
but specimens preserved in formalin yielded very good results.

As recorded later, Endoderma viride was found abundantly in
the tissues of Nitophyllum Hillie. This latter plant is a deep-
water alga and is never found exposed, consequently it had to be
obtained by means of dredging. During spring-tides it may
occasionally be found on the steep surfaces of rocks just below
low-water mark. It is also sometimes thrown up after a storm,
and such specimens though torn and imperfect are quite fit
material for the examination of Endoderma, as the endophyte is
protected within the tissues.

The bulk of the material was obtained by dredging; and here
the writer would like to express his best thanks to Dr. E. J.
Allen for his kindness in giving him opportunities for dredging,

SOME ENDOPHYTIC ALGJE. 289

and also every facility for study and research in the Laboratory
of the Marine Biological Association at Plymouth.

For ascertaining the range of species invaded by the endo-
phytes, dried specimens have been examined, and, in the case of
Endoderma, these answered well. The large collections of dried
Alge at Kew were most valuable for this purpose.

ENDODERMA.

The species of Endoderma examined was that occurring in
various Nitophyllez, generally accepted as Æ. viride, Lagerh.;
it was first described by Reinke (1) and found by him in
Derbesia Lamourouxii. Its appearance in Nitophyllum is some-
what different to that in Derbesia. Reinke moreover did not
succeed in discovering the fruits. In one species of Nitophyllum,
viz. N. Hillie, Endoderma presents a constant and definite
appearance, and in the right season the fruits are particularly
abundant. Algologists will find this host useful for the exami-
nation of a definite form of E. viride, and one which almost
always provides the material required. It is also tolerably well
suited for artificial eultures.

Huber, 1882, in his admirable monograph of the endophytic
Chætophoreæ (2), brings together in a useful way the various
endophytic genera of the Chlorophyces. He gives a detailed
account of the genera and species, and full references will be
found in his paper to literature published previous to 1882.
Amongst other genera there mentioned is Endoderma, which he
divides into two sections: Eetocheta, those species possessing
external hairs; and Zntocladia, those without these structures.
E. viride was not examined by Huber, though he gives it a place
in the latter section.

Reinke, in first describing the endophyte in Derbesia, named
it Entocladia viride; he was unable to describe the fruits, but
surmised that the affinity of the plant would be with Stiyeo-
clonium. His fig. 8 rather suggests a young sporangium, and
Reinke himself draws attention to the possibility of this, but he
leaves the question undecided. Wille (3), in 1880, described
the fruit for the first time in a form occurring in species of
Ectocarpus, and named the plant Entocladia Wittrockii,
Lagerheim (4), in 1883, replaced Reinke’s generic name Ento-
cladia by that of Endoderma.

290 MR. A. D. COTTON ON

In the Kew Herbarium there are some specimens of Derbesia
Lamourouxii collected at Nice and these are richly infected with
Endoderma. The endophyte in the specimens agrees exactly
with that described by Reinke, and, like his plants, is without
fruits. A special search was made for these, but without
success; even where the endophyte was quite old and had formed
an almost pseudoparenchymatous mass, no trace of fruit could
be seen. The absence of fruit in the endophyte in Derbesia is
unfortunate, as it renders absolute certainty as to the identity of
Reinke's plant impossible.

A comparison of the vegetative character of the endophyte
in Derbesia with that of Nitophyllum Hillie shows a close
agreement in form and structure ; and sufficient, it is thought,
to justify the opinions of previous authors (5), (6), that the same
plant is in question in both cases. For the present, therefore,
the writer is content to regard the plant, so frequently invading
the tissues of Nitophyllum, as the same species as that described
by Reinke. In view of any possible discoveries in the future of
the fruit of the endophyte in Derbesia, he would, however, like
to distinguish the plant he has examined by naming it Endoderma
viride (Rke.), Lagerh., forma Nitophylli.

In Nitophyllum and allied Floridee, Hndoderma frequently
forms large spreading patches which may be readily detected at
a glance. N. Hillie, which is found in deep water on the south
coast of Britain, is particularly liable to infection; indeed it is
rare to find any but very young specimens which do not show
the filaments under the microscope, even though the green
blotches be not visible to the naked eye. In this species of

itophyllum the green spots or blotches are often of large size,
and in old, badly infected plants the whole lamina appears green.
In other species quite a different appearance is presented by the
Endoderma, but this will be referred to later.

In the summer and autumn months the fruit-bodies may be
found abundantly in N. Hillie in the green blotches referred to,
and even in the portions of the Zndoderma plants that are
apparently quite young; a fact which is noticeable at once,
because in other hosts, e. g. Delesseria, the fruit-bodies are much
more difficult to obtain.

Under a low power of the microscope the bright green fila-
ments are seen following the outlines of the cells; a section

SOME ENDOPHYTIC ALGE. 291

through the frond, however, shows that as a rule in this host
they are not intercellular, but run along in the outer layers of
the cell-walls.

Fig. 1 (Pl. 12) shows the appearance of Endoderma as seen
from above in N. Hillie. The jointed filaments, of which it is
composed, branch and spread out over the frond in a radiating
manner and at first follow the outlines of the cell-walls as seen
from above. Why they take this course is not clear, presumably
it is because they find it easier to penetrate along the lines of
junction of the cells; and this may possibly be accounted for by
some slight difference in the character of the cellulose. In
somewhat older stages, owing to repeated branching and further
growth, the Endoderma-cells may lie so closely together that
they form an almost pseudoparenchymatous mass (lower part of
fig. 1). The averaze width of the cells in the younger portions
is 5-6 p, and the length is generally two to three times as much.
The terminal cell is usually considerably longer. In still older
parts the cells become rounded and oval in shape, previous to
zoospore-formation.

A transverse section of the Nitophyllum frond shows that
while growth is mostly parallel to the surface, the endophyte
occasionally sends filaments down into the thallus as shown in
fig. 2. This is somewhat unusual for an Endoderma, for as a
rule the filaments do not penetrate below the onter membrane.
Oltmanns (7. p. 805) for this reason classes Endoderma with his
first group of Endophytes and not with the second,

With regard to the minute structure of Endoderma, a single
parietal chromatophore is found in each cell and there is one
pyrenoid. (The presence of a single pyrenoid is a point of
agreement with Reinke’s E. viride in Derbesia, whereas in
Huber's E. leptochete in Ceramium there are three). The cell-
membrane is not so obvious as in the case of other species, but
by the use of reagents it can readily be brought into prominence.
Endoderma grows by apical growth, as is the case in all endo-
phytic filaments.

When zoospore-formation is about to take place, the ordinary
cells of the filament separate from each other and round them-
selves to form zoosporangia. Apparently any or all of the older
cells may in this way form fruit. The contents of the cell divide
up by successive division until usually eight zoospores are formed ;

LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII. x

202 MR. A. D. COTTON ON

in some cases there may be sixteen. A transverse section of the
Nitophyllum frond shows that the zoosporangia lie in the wall of
the host-plant in the same way as the vegetative cells described
above. The zoospores as they are contained in the sporangium
measure about 5 p in diameter; if sixteen zoospores are formed
they are usually somewhat smaller. Fig. 2 shows a section of
the frond of Nitophyllum, and sporangia are seen in various
stages of development. The long axes of the sporangia may be
parallel to the plane of the thallus or at right angles to it.

As the sporangia mature, a minute beak-like outgrowth 1s
formed which may protrude through the outer layers of the wall
of the host. Through this beak-like outgrowth the spores are
liberated. In Pl. 12. fig. 4 stages are given showing the projecting
beak and also sporangia in which all the spores but one have
been discharged. Entirely empty sporangia are very frequently
met with. Attempts to observe the actual escape of the spores
were unsuccessful, but in several cases spores were found
attached to the Nitophyllum thallus sometimes in groups of
three or four. The shape of the sporangia is variable, as is shown
in fig. 3.

The minute beak in the fruit of Endoderma may be compared
with what is formed in the allied genus Pheophila. In the latter
a tube is formed which may be of considerable size.

The germinating spores of Endoderma are not frequently seen
on N. Hillia. The endophyte forms large radiating patches
and it appears to spread very readily by a purely vegetative
method. But sections cut through the younger portions of the
frond oceasionally show such spores, and the germ-tube may be
readily noticed entering the cell-wall of the host. The method
of germination appears to agree with that described by Huber
for E. Jardinianum. When once an entrance has been gained,
the plant assumes its usual endophytic habit. Though a very
large number of sections were cut through the older parts of the
Nitophyllum, no trace was ever seen ofa germinating Lndoderma ;
it seems therefore probable that an entrance can only be obtained
by the endophyte in the younger parts of the frond. Whether
the sporelings can develope unless a suitable host be present 1s
uncertain; and in any ease the plant has probably become too
speeialised as an endophyte, to liveindependently for any length
of time. That a certain amount of development, however, is not

SOME ENDOPHYTIC ALG.E. 295

impossible is shown by observations made by Oltmanns and
others (7. p. 344). Not only endophytes, but also parasites
have been recorded as developing on glass dishes in artificial
cultures.

The question of the infection of Nitophyllum in the spring
raises some points that cannot yet be explained. So far as is
known, JV. Hillie is an annual plant, it dies away in the
winter, and therefore no home can be found for Zadoderma
in its tissues till the following spring. What becomes of
the Endoderma spores that are formed in abundance in late
autumn? Presumably they germinate at once. Other species
of Nitophyllum do not throw any light on the subject. N. lace-
ratum, the commonest British species, grows throughout the
whole year, but it is remarkable for being entirely free from
Endoderma (see later). It is possible that the spores may infect
entirely different genera during the winter months, such as
Ceramium or Delesseria. This can only be verified by carefully
carried out artificial cultures.

The growth of Endoderma viride forma Nitophylli, in contrast
to some other species (e. g. E. gracilis), takes place entirely
within the substance of the host-plant, and there is no trace
whatever of external branches or hairs. This character, taken
together with the occasional production of filaments which run
along the middle lamella of the inner tissues of the host, points
to its being most adapted to au eudophytie mode of existence,
and that it has probably grown longer under such conditions,
than forms that produce external hairs.

At the same time, there is no evidence to show that the plant
is in any way parasitic. The presence of chlorophyll and the
entire absence of any haustoria-like organs do not suggest it ;
on the other hand, the cells of the host are perfectly healthy even
though it be richly infested. In late autumn Endoderma is still
found flourishing in the tissues of Nitophyllum, but there is no
reason to suppose that the decay of the fronds is hastened by its
presence.

Before coming to the list of plants infected by Endoderma, a
point in the general morphology may be noticed. The filaments,
when in the thallus of N. Hillie, are as a rule moderately
regular in width and general form. Au exception to this occurs,
however, when the endophyte passes over tissues other than

204. MR. A. D. COTTON ON

those of the ordinary large cells of the thallus. This is parti-
cularly obvious in the ease of antheridia, which form broad
patches on the surface of the ordinary frond. When Endoderma-
filaments pass over such patehes their appearance is entirely
altered. The regularity in width is lost, and very fine filaments
are often formed with swollen portions occurring at intervals.
Such alteration in the form of cells, which is often noticeable
even in the case of individual filaments, is instructive as showing
that the character of the tissue of the host-plant may materially
affect the form of the cells of the invader. It is not likely that
food-supply is in question here, as Endoderma is not regarded
as being parasitic. It may be that the growth of the antheridial
cells may be more rapid thau that of the endophytic filaments,
and thus the latter may assume an irregular course. The fact
above referred to is not without importanee when defining
specific differences. In dealing with endophytes, allowance has
to be made for the host-plant and too much weight must not be
attached to minute morphological differences.

The remarks which follow relate to the presence of Endoderma
viride forma Nitophylli on other hosts. A large number of in-
fected species of Ceramium, Chylocladia, and other red alge have
been examined ; but it is difficult in. most cases to speak with
certaintly as to the identity of the endophyte they contain.
The fruiting material is rarely obtainable. In some cases two or
even more species are probably present, though undoubtedly
some species are very variable in appearance. A further account
will, it is hoped, be published later, when the life-history of
other species is better known and it will be possible to speak
with more certainty as to their identity.

The following observations have so far been made :—

Nitophyllum punctatum.— E. viride is not infrequently found
in this species ; the attacked areas are, however, not so diffused
as in N. Hillie, but more often have the form of bright green
spots. Zoosporangia are freely produced, they are considerably
smaller than those described above, but this is not considered as
a point of sufficient importance to cause the plant to be regarded
as a distinet species.

N. Bonnemaisoni.—Often present, covering large areas;
fruiting specimens scen.

N. Gmelini.—Commonly present ; fruits rarely found.

N. versicolor.—This rare British species when found often

SOME ENDOPHYTIC ALG.E. 295

contains filaments which exactly correspond with those of
Endoderma viride; the fruits have never been observed.

N. laceratum, which is our commonest species of Nitophyllum,
is rarely, if ever, attacked by Endoderma. Occasionally traces
of Endoderma-like filaments have been observed, but they bear
little resemblance to those of E. viride. The place of Endoderma
on this plant is taken by a species of ALyrionema, from which
it is seldom free. On the older portions of N. lacertum, Myrio-
nema may often be found in fine fruit.

Delesseria sinuosa.—The older parts of this plant are frequently
infected, but not to a great extent. Fruits sometimes present.
In D. sanguinea, Endoderma has not been detected.

STREBLONEMA,

STREBLONEMA INTESTINUM, Holmes d Batters, was first
described by Reinsch under the name of Entonema intestinum (8).
His specimens were found in Brongniartella byssoides at Wey-
mouth, England, some of which are in the Kew Herbarium,
named and presented by himself. Reinsch’s description is brief
and the figures, if compared with his specimens, are very mis-
leading. As neither a good description nor figure exists, and as
part of the original specimens are preserved at Kew, it has been
thought advisable to redeseribe it.

Entonema intestinum was removed to the genus Streblonema
by Holmes & Batters in the Appendix to British Marine Algæ
(9. p. 525). The authors do not state their reasons for so doing,
neither do they redescribe the plant, the original name is also
not mentioned.* Batters, however, in his catalogue of British
Marine Algæ (10. p. 29) mentions the older name and Reinsch’s
locality. Apparently the plant has not been recorded since by
any investigator.

The following notes are based entirely on Reinsch’s pre-
parations.

Tbe thallus is formed of a system of filaments which are
found between the cells of the host. There are no signs of
external hairs. The filaments branch freely, alternately or
irregularly, elongation takes place by apical growth, and
bifurcation is not uncommon. The cells of the filaments
average 10 pin thickness and 20 p in length. In the purely

* I have Mr. Holmes's authority for stating that the alteration was b.

ased
upon the examination of Reinsch’s specimens at Kew.

296 MR. A. D. COTTON ON

vegetative parts the cells are as a rule longer than in. those
parts nearer the fructifieation. The end cells of the short
lateral branches are often spherical and enlargéd; from the
material available the significance of these cells is doubtful. The
pluriloeular sporangia are produced externally, they are simple
and acutely ovate in outline, they measure 50-70 u long by
20-25 u long (fig. 5).

Reinsch’s figure (8. plate 6. a. fig. 2 a) does not by any means
illustrate the plant. Indeed the cells of the host-plant figured
hardly suggest B. byssoides at all. Itis fair, however, to Reinsch
to state that he adds in a note that his other figures (plate 6)
were accidentally destroyed.

The present species differs from Streblonema parasiticus,
Sauv., which occurs in Cystoclonium and Ceramium, by the
larger sporangia and also by the apparent absence of external
filaments. In S. parasiticus the later are very conspicuous.

SrREBLONEMA ZANARDINII, De Toni.—This species was
described by Crouan as Ectocarpus (section Streblonema)
Zanardinii (11. p. 161) ; it occurs in Gastroclonium kaliforme,
Ardiss. De Toni (6. vol. ili. p. 572) placed it in the genus
Streblonema.

The following remarks on this species may be of interest as
the only information to be obtained as to it, is from the somewhat
brief original description.

Very fine material of S. Zanardinii was obtained by the
author in Gastroclonium kaliforme at Weymouth, April 1905.
Gastrocloninm was then in vigorous growth, but although that
was the case it was richly infested by the endophyte, indeed the
filaments of the latter reached up to the growing apices of the
Gastroclonium.

The plurilocular sporangia are very freely produced, and are
often in pairs ; they are usually 50-60 y in length and 15-20 win
width. Their general form much resembles that of S. intestinum.
The short lateral filaments on which they are borne are immersed
in the gelatinous sheath of the host, and only the sporangium
proper appears externally. In this respect it differs from many
species of the genus, but agrees with that last described. A
few seattered hair-like filaments protrude here and there, but
except for these and the sporangia, the growth js entirely endo-
phytic. Abnormalities are somewhat common in this species,

Linn. Soc.Journ. Bor Vor. XXXVIL PI 19.

Cotton.

ip

West, Newman in

ENDOPHYTIC ALGA

otton del.

D
N

SOME ENDOPHYTIC ALGÆ. 297

forking of the sporangium being the most frequent. The normal
form of sporangium in the genus is simple, and cylindrical or
acutely ovate. In some species, however, traces of forking are
not uncommon, but in S. Zanardinii more or less complete
bifurcation frequently occurs.

8. Zanardinii is also found in Champia parvula.

LITERATURE.

1. RrrwkE, J.—Zwei parasitische Algen. Bot. Zeit. xxxvii.
1879, p. 473.

2. Huser, J.—Contributions à la connaissance des Chæto-
phorées épiphytes et endophytes et leurs affinités. Ann.
des Sei. Nat., Bot. 1893, 7 sér. xvi. p. 265.

3. Winte, N.—Om en ny endophytisk Alge. Christiania,
Vidensk. Forh. 1880, No. 4.

Algologische Mitteilungen. II. Ueber eine neue endo-

phytisehe Alge. Prings. Jahrb. 1887, xviii. p. 435.
4. Lacerneim.—Bidrag till Sveriges Algflora, p. 74. — (Etver.
Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Fórhand. 1883, No. 9.
5. Hauck, F.—Die Meeresalgen Deutschlands. Leipzig, 1885.
6. De Toxr, J. B.—Sylloge Algarum.
7. Orrmanns, F.—Morphologie u. Biologie der Algen, Band II.
Jena, 1905.
8. Retnscu, P.—Contributiones ad Algologiam et Fungologiam.
1874-5.
9. Hor{mes, E. M., & E. A. L. BarrERs.— Appendix to the
Revised List of British Marine Alge. Ann. Bot. v. 1891,
p. 923.
10. Barrers, E. A. L.—A Catalogue of British Marine Alge.
Supplement to the Journal of Botany, 1902.
11. Cnovaw, P. L. & H. M.—Florule de Finistère. Paris, 1867.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 12.
Fig. 1. Surface view of a small portion of the frond of Nitophyllum Hillie
infected with Lndoderma viride. x 200.

2. Section of thallus of Nitophyllum showing Endoderma-filaments in the
outer cell-walls. A filament is also seen growing between the cells
towards the other surface of the thallus. x 400.

3. Older portion of Endoderma plant, surface view showing sporangia,
x 400.

4. Sporangia in various stages. x 400.

5, Streblonema intestinum, Drawing from original specimen in Brong
niarvtella byssoides. XxX 950.

G. Strehlonema Zauardinii, bifureating sporangium. X 450.

208 MR. SPENCER MOORE ON THE

A Second Contribution to the Flora of Afric .— RUBIACE® and
Composit II. By Spencer Le M. Moone, B.Se., F.L.S.

Read 5th April, 1906.
p
(PraATES 13-15.)

Like those which formed the subject of my first contribution to

the African Flora *, the plants described or referred to in the

following pages are preserved in the herbarium of the British

Museum, and have, of course, been studied there. In addition

to Composite, the Order to which the first memoir was ex-

clusively devoted, Rubiace: have been selected on this occasion,
chiefly because the representatives of that Order forming part
of a large and important collection recently made by Mr. John

Gossweiler in Angola, happening to pass through my hands,

cursory examination revealed much of interest among them,

and this seemed to promise a solid return for the trouble of
elaboration. As a perusal of this memoir will show, many of

Mr. Gossweiler's Composite have also proved interesting either

from novelty or rarity or locality. Plants of the following

collectors are also dealt with :—

l. The late Mr. John Buchanan. The 1895 collection is

valuable not only for its contents, but because it was
sent solely to the British Museum.

. Mr. Alexander Whyte. This important collection was
described by the Museum staff some years ago f, but a
few doubtful things remained over. Among these are two
Rubiacesm (Polyspheria zombensis and Tricalysia milan-
Jiensis) and a Helichrysum (H. dilucidum), which are here
described.

3. Miss M. S. Henderson, of the Livingstonia Institute. In
1904 this lady presented to the Trustees a small but
valuable parcel of specimens from the Nyika Plateau,
Nyassaland, and this has yielded a sprinkling of novelties.

In addition, the collections of Mr. G. F. Scott Elliot (Ruwen-

zori Expedition, 1893-4), Dr. R. F. Rand (Rhodesia, 1897-8),

Mr. H. T. Ommanney (Johannesburg District, 1901-2), Mr. F.

bo

* Journ, Linn, Soc., Bot. xxxv. (1902) pp. 305-367.
T Trans, Linn. Soc. ser. II. Bot. vol. iv. (1894) pp. 1-67.

FLORA OF AFRICA: RUBIACER. 299

Eyles (Rhodesia, 1904), Mr. J. Burtt Davy (Transvaal and Swazi-
land, 1905), and Mr. E. R. Sawer (South Rhodesia, 1905) are
treated incidentally, as also are those of Pogge (Angola), Zenker
(Cameroons), and a few others.

Reference will also be found to three little-known Composite
plants. One of these is Dicoma radiata, Less., a species inter-
esting as the sole member of section Rhigiothamnus; this being
unrepresented at Kew, was not examined by Bentham while
studying the Composite for the ‘Genera Plantarum.’ The
two others are old specimens from the Leipzig Garden, forming
part of the Auerswald Herbarium acquired by the Trustees in
1871. One may remark, with regard to these three, that the
number of old types to be seen in this country at the British
Museum alone is surprisingly large; a fact which, were it kept
more constantly in mind, would be of advantage to botanists
commensurably with the handicapping that forgetfulness or
ignorance of it has entailed in the past.

RUBIACE.

PENTACARPEA ARENARIA, Hiern, in Cat. Welw. Pl. i. 439.
On the road to Quepacaca, near Malange; Gossweiler, 1234.
“ Corolla-tube purplish violet, limb beautifully dark violet.”

OTOMERIA LEPTOCARPA, sp. nov. Herba perennis, inferne
lignescens, ramulis patulis gracilibus erebro foliosis puberulis
novellis erispe pubescentibus, foliis ovato-lanceolatis lanceolatisve
acutis vel breviter acuminatis basin versus in petiolum brevem
sensim angustatis in nervis minute pubescentibus puberulisve
ceterum glabris membranaceis lete viridibus, stipulis abbreviatis
setis 5 sat elongatis omnimodo filiformibus hispidulis onustis,
spicis cito elongatis ac revera folia magnopere excedentibus
crispe puberulis, floribus geminis pro rata parvis, calycis pubes-
centis tubo (ovario) turbinato limbo 4-lobo, lobo dilatato lineari-
lanceolato obtusiusculo lobis alus subulatis his quam calyx
brevioribus illo multo longiore, corollæ tubo superne gradatim
ampliato ibique extus pubescente lobis 5 simpliciter valvatis
oblongis obtusis tubo multo brevioribus, filamentis antheris
breviter exsertis equilongis, stylo incluso glabro, ramis brevibus
anguste linearibus, capsula cylindrica puberula loborum reliquiis
coronata.

LINN, JOURN,—DOTANY, VOL, XXXVII. Y

300 MR. SPENCER MOORE ON THE

Hab. Loanda, Cazengo, on stony hills above Palmyra;
Gossweiler, 646.

Planta 30*0 em. alt. vel etiam altior. Folia modice 3:0-4^0 em.
long., 1:0-2:0 em. lat.; cost secundariæ utrinque 5, ascendentes,
vix arcuate; petioli 03-0 em. long. Stipularum limbus
013 cm., sete 0'3-0:5 em. long. Flores albi. Calycis tubus
(2 em., lobi minores inter se inzquales, 01-015 cm., lobus
maximus 0°8-1:0 em. long. Corolle tubus 1:2 cm., inferne
(exsiccata) 0'02 em. diam., sub limbo 008 cm., humectata vero
fere 0'2 em.; lobi humectati 0°25 em. long., extus pubescentes.
Filamenta glabra, fusca, ut anthere oblonge 0°15 em. long.
Stylus 0°35 cm., rami 005 cm. long. Capsula sieca 0*4. em. long.,
0'15 cm. lat.

Nearest Otomeria lanceolata, Wiern, which is glabrous or
almost so, has narrower leaves, different stipules and calyx,
broader glabrous capsules, &e.

OTOMERIA RUPESTRIS, Hiern, in Journ. Bot. xxxvii. (1900) 58.
Berbera; G. W. Bury.

OLDENLANDIA STENOSIPHON, A. Schum. MSS. Herba annua,
caule tenui ascendente simplici vel subsimplici paucifolioso
subtereti scabriusculo, foliis sessilibus anguste linearibus obtuse
aeutis basin versus paullulum angustatis uninervibus utrinque
seabriusculis, stipulis vaginantibus integris sursum setaceo-
acuminatis extus scabriusculis, cymis terminalibus laxiuscule
pauci- vel plurifloris quam folia multo longioribus, floribus
mediocribus szepissime brevissime pedicellatis tetrameris, calycis
tubo (ovario) ovoideo hispidule seabrido limbi alte partiti lobis
subulatis tubum equantibus, corolle sursum puberul» tubo
elongato tenuissimo sub limbo subito dilatato limbi lobis brevibus
oblongis obtusis, staminibus inclusis, stylo a coroll: tubo longe
superato, ramis anguste linearibus puberulis, capsula vertice
dehiscente subglobosa (utrinque paullulum depressa) crustaceo-
membranacea scabriuscula.

Hab. Loanda, in pastures at Pentico and Mario do Cruz;
Gossweiler, 154 & 1550. Malange; Pogge, 396.

Planta 20°0-30°0 em. alt. Radix brevis, debilis, paucifibrillosus.
Folia 1°5-3'5 cm. long., 02-03 em. lat. Stipule petiolo adnate,
0:2-0°3 em. long., decolores. Cymæ nune 8'0 em. vel etiam
minus, nune 200 em. long., seabriuseule. Bracteæ subulato-

FLORA OF AFRICA: RUBIACER. 301

setacem, circa 0'2 cm. long. Pedicelli modici 0:1-0:2 em. long.,
rarissime adusque 0'7 cm. Calyx totus (florescens) 0'2 em.
long., fructescens 0:3 x 0:33. cm., dentes intermedii 0. Flores
albi. Corolla tota humectata 1:2-1-5 em. long.; tubi pars
angusta 0*6-0'9X0:04 cm.; pars dilatata 0:15-0'2x 0l em.;
lobi 0°3-0°35 em. long. Antheræ sessiles, oblong:e, 0°12 em.
long. Stylus 0°55 cm., rami hujus Ol em. long. Semina
numerosa, minuta, angulata, levia.

Near Oldenlandia Sehimperi, T. And., but more slender in
habit and with different calyx, corolla, and fruit.

The Pentieo plant (no. 154), which was found growing in
“poor pastures,” is a dwarf in every respect similar to Pogge's,
of which a scrap at Kew is the only representative in this
country. I cannot find that the late lamented K. Schumann ever
published a deseription of this latter.

JusTENTA ORTHOPETALA, Hiern, Cat. Welw. Pl. i. 459.
Angola, Cazengo: Gossweiler, 611.

Muss.xNDA arcuata, Poir, in Lam. Eincycl, iv. 392; var.
PARVIFLORA, var. nov, Corolla tota 1'8 em. long., lobi rotundati
modo 0'5 em. long.

In wet situations along the flat banks of the Quizanga near
Malange: Gossweiler, 1935.

M. turrona, Del. Cent. Pl. Méroé, 05.
Angola, Cazengo ; Gossweiler, 563.

HEINSIA LINDENIOIDES, sp. nov. Verisimiliter frutieulus,
ramulis abbreviatis bene foliosis crispe pubescentibus cito glabris
et foliorum delapsorum basibus persistentibus onustis, foliis
parvis sessilibus ovatis obtusis vel obtusissimis basi obtusis
utrinque sparsim pubescentibus in sieco griseis, stipulis e basi
lata nuda vel glandulis perpaucis induta iutegris vel oblongo-
lanceolatis vel bifidis vel alte bipartitis segmentis setaceis pubes-
centibus, floribus solitariis terminalibus, calycis griseo-pubes-
centis lobis 6 linearibus obtuse acutis, corolle verisimiliter albz
tubo attenuato elongato paullo infra fauces leviter dilatato extus
puberulo lobis 6 oblanceolatis acutis patentibus, staminibus
paullo infra fauces insertis, antheris inclusis, ovario 2-loculari
calyce fere squilongo, stylo exserto, stigmatis lobis oblongis
crassis,

y2

302 MR. SPENCER MOORE ON THE

Hab. Nyika Plateau, Nyassaland ; Miss Henderson.

Folia membranacea, 1:5-2:5 em. long, 1:0-1:3 em. lat. ; costi
secundarie utrinque 6, deorsum apertissime arcuate sursum
arrecte. — Stipule 0:2-0°35 em. long. Calycis lobi inter se
paullulum inequilongi, 0°65-0°8 em. long. cirea 0:1 em. lat.
Corolle tubus 10°0-11:0 em. long., 0'3 em. sub faucibus 0'4 em.
diam. ; lobi vix 2:0 em. long., summum 0°5-0°6 em. lat. Stamina
ad 9:0 em. infra os affixa; filamenta 0°3 em. long. glabra;
anthere lineares, apice apiculate, 0°9 em. long. Ovarium 075
em. long., pubescens. Stylus 12:0 em. long., pubescens. Stig-
matis humectati lobi 0°3 x 0:13 em. Fructus nen vidi.

A remarkable plant recognised easily by its small greyish
leaves, long and slender corolla-tube, and stamens inserted a
short way below instead of in the throat.

Tarenna CONGENSIS, Hiern, in Fl. Trop. Afr. Yi. 91.
Loanda, Cazengo ; Gossweiler, 643.

T. FLAVO-FUSCA, S. Moore (Chomelia flavo-fusea, A. Schum.,
in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxxii. (1903) 339).

Loanda, Cazengo; Gossweilr, 682.

Titherto known only from the Cameroons.

TARENNA PATENS, sp. nov. Verisimiliter fruticosa, glabra,
ramulis teretibus distanter foliosis, foliis ellipticis obtusis basi in
petiolum brevem angustatis tenuiter coriaccis in sleco fusces-
centibus fac. sup. subnitidis subtus pallidioribus, stipulis brevibus
connatis sursum acuminatis, floribus mediocribus in corymbis
laxis plurifloris ramulos terminantibus dispositis, bracteis parvulis
subulatis, peduneulis elongatis attenuatis quam calyx multo
longioribus, calycis tubo (ovario) subspheroideo limbo brevissime
5-fido (sc. fere truncato) equilongo, corolle hypocraterimorphe
tubo gracillimo sursum leviter dilatato quam lobi lineari-oblongi
obtusi breviore faucibus villosis, filamentis abbreviatis antheris
leviter exsertis, stylo longe exserto in medio villosulo superne
inerassato, stigmate anguste fusiformi.

Hab. Loanda, Cazengo; Gossweiler, 488.

Folia 6:0-10:0 em. long, 2°5-5°0 em. lat.; cost secundarie
uirinque 6-7, levissime arcuata, utrobique perspicu:; petioli
0*6-1:0 em. long., superne eanaliculati, Corymbi 9:0-12:0 em.
diam., ejus rami sepe patentissimi, gracillimi. — Braeteze 071-072
em. long. Pedicelli sepissime 0'7-1:5 em, long. Calycis tubus

FLORA OF AFRICA! RUBIACEX. 303

U'12x 0-14. cm., limbus 0:15 em. long. Corollæ tubus 0*6 em.
long., basi 0°12 cm., faucibus 0'2 em. lat.; lobi 1:0 em. long.,
0'25 em. lat. Filamenta 0°12 cm., anthere 1'1 em. long. Ovula
in loculis pluria. Stylus 1:5 cm., stigma 0*4 em. long.

Somewhat like T. flavo-fusca in appearance, but the leaves are
without the broad cusps of that species, the inflorescences are
less lax, the pedicels shorter, the corolla-tube is shorter and has
longer lobes, &c.

TaAnENNA GOSSWEILERI, sp. nov. Fruticosa, a basi ramosa,
ramulis subteretibus pubescentibus, foliis brevipetiolatis oblongo-
ovatis breviter cuspidatis apice obtusis basi aliquanto rotundatis
supra mox appresse piloso-puberulis dein glabris subtus præ-
sertim secus nervos piloso-pubescentibus, stipulis inter se liberis
parvis a basi lata triangularibus acuminatis extus fere glabris,
corymbis terminalibus densifloris subsessilibus breviterve peduu-
culatis dense subfulvo-pubescentibus, bracteis oblongis vel
linearibus quam calyx sæpissime brevioribus, calycis strigosi
tubo (ovario) turbinato limbo alte 5-partito subequilongo limbi
lobis lanceolatis obtusis, corolle hypocraterimorphe tubo
elongato attenuato extus sparsim puberulo faucibus villosulis
lobis oblongis obtusis quam tubus brevioribus, filamentis brevibus
antheris breviter exsertis, stylo longe exserto in medio villosulo,
stigmate anguste fusiformi crassiusculo.

Hab. A rather rare shrub on the left bank of the river Quije,
near Quizol; Gossweiler, 1258.

Fere orgyalis. Foliorum limbus 7:0-9:0 em. x 3:0-4:0 cm.,
subcoriaceus, in sicco brunneus; cost: secundari:w utrinque 7-9,
ascendenti-patule, pag. inf. eminentes, summ: fere evanidi ;
petioli circa 0°5 em. long. Stipulw 0:3 em. long. Corymbi 9:5
cm. diam. Bracteæ modice 0:2-0:3 cm. long., rarissime 1:0 cm.
Calycis tubus 0'25 cm., lobi 0'3 cm. long. Corolla alba ct
monente cl. detectori suaveolens; tubus 2:0 cm. long., 0°15 cm.
diam.; lobi 0'75 em. x 03 em. Filamenta 0:12 cm. long.,
anthere 07. em. Ovula in loculis pluria. Stylus 2°8 cm.,
stigma 0'6 em. long.

Looks very much like T. conferta, Hiern, var. macrantha,
K. Schum., but is more hairy, with leaves rounded at base (not
acute), more strongly hairy calyx,longer corolla with a narrower
tube, &c.

304 MR. SPENCER MOORE ON THE

RANDIA MICRANTHA, A. Schum, in Engl. Jahrb. xxii. (1896)
438; var. POGGEANA, A. Schum. (e descript.).

Loanda, Cazengo, in dense forest at Monte Bello and foot of
Monte Lau; Gossweiler, 711 & 711 B.

Leaves somewhat smaller than those of the specimens deseribed,
viz. 80-100 cm. x 3*0—4:5 cm., but otherwise agreeing with the
description.

Var. ZENKERI, var. nov. <A var. precedenti distat ob corolle
lobos extus glabros.
Cameroons, Bipinde; Zenker, 3173.

RANDIA CASTANEOFULYA, sp. nov. Fruticosa, verisimiliter
scandens, inermis, ramulis teretibus pube densa castaneo-fulva
indutis dein glabrescentibus, novellis ipsis tomentosis, foliis
amplis elliptieis obtusis vel obtusissimis in petiolum brevem
cuneatim angustatis subcoriaceis pag. sup. cito appresse piloso-
puberulis pag. inf. presertim in nervis castaneo-pubescentibus,
stipulis mox dehiscentibus triangulari-ovatis acuminatis extus
appresse pubescentibus intus ima basi villosis ceteroquin glabris
necnon castaneis, corymbis axillaribus abbreviatis paucifloris ut
bractes pedicelli ovarium et calyx dense castaneo-fulvo-pubes-
centibus, baeteis parvis ovatis juxta medium pedicellum siepe
insertis, pedicellis validis ovarium subzquantibus, calycis tubo
(ovario) eylindrico-turbinato quam limbus anguste campanulatus
breviter 5-lobus breviore, lobis late triangularibus obtusis
acutisve, coroll mediocris tubo calycis limbum paullulum
superante lato extus deorsum glabro sursum villoso intus preter
fauces annulatim villosas glabro lobis tubo duplo brevioribus
oblongo-ovatis obtusis extus dense fulvo-villosis, antheris
sessilibus ore insertis subinclusis, ovario 2-loculari, stylo incluso
glabro, stigmate clavato breviter bilobo longitrorsum sulcato,
ovulis numerosissiinis, bacca nondum matura anguste ellipsoidea
longitrorsum sulcata pubescente calyce persistente coronata.

Hab. Loanda, Cazengo; Gossweiler, 621.

Folia 10:0-13*0 em. x 5°5-7°5 em. ; coste secundaria utrinque
circa 10, faciebus ambabus perspicue inferiori eminentes ; petioli
0:7-1'2 em. long., eastaneo-pubescentes. Stipule paullo ultra
1:0 em. long. Corymbi 2:0—3:0 em. long. Bractew 0°3—-0°6 cm.,
pedicelli 0*5 cm., ovarium 0'5 cm., calycis limbus totus 0'9 em. et
lobi 0'4 em. long. Flores albi. Corolla tota 1'8 em. long.

FLORA OF AFRICA: RUBIACEJE. 305

tubus 1:2 cm., lobi 06 em. long., ille basi 0*4 em. faucibus 0*6
em. diam. Antherz 0'45 cm. long. Stylus 1'1 cm. long., infra
medium inerassatus; stigma 0°45 cm. long. Bacca adusque
2:3 em. x 1:3 em.

To be inserted next Randia penduliflora, K. Schum., but with
densely pubescent young branches, smaller leaves pubescent
below, shorter lobes to the calyx, smaller corollas with the tube
very shortly exceeding the calyx and easily distinguishable from it.

Mr. Gossweiler notes that the fruit is much like that of the
Guava.

MORELIA SENEGALENSIS, A. Rich., ex DO. Prod. iv. 617.
Angola, in humid situations on the bauks of the river Quije
near Quizol; Gossweiler, 618 & 1259.

TRICALYSIA GOSSWEILERI, sp. nov. Glabra, ramulis gracilibus
subteretibus crebro foliosis, foliis brevipetiolatis ovatis euspidatis
apice obtusis basi cuneatis papyraceis costis secundariis dis-
tantibus utrinque 5 summis sepe parum perspicuis, stipulis a
basi lata subito in acumen breve productis, eymis subsessilibus
paucifloris, calyculo alte bilobo fere omnino glabro, calycis tubo
(ovario) subgloboso obseure puberulo quam limbus campanulatus
5-fidus haud longiore lobis brevibus obtusis, corolla mediocri
calycem longe excedente extus glabra 5-loba, lobis tubo paullo
brevioribus ovato-oblongis obtusis faucibus villosis, antheris
corolle lobis paullo brevioribus longé apiculatis, stylo breviter
exserto ramis sat longis lineari-spathulatis predito, ovulis quove
in loculo 2 placenta carnosa immersis.

Hab. Loanda, Cazengo ; Gossweiler, 688.

Folia solemniter 8:0-10:0 cm. long., 3:5-5:0 em. lat., supra
nitidula necnon in sicco viridi-brunnescentia subtus viridia;
petioli 05-077 cm. long., in sicco transversim rugulosi. Stipule
0'4 em. Jong. Cyme circiter 10-flore. Calyculus 0°15 em.
long. Ovarium 01 cm., calycis limbus totus 0:12 cm., lobi
0:04 em. long. Corolla tota 0:75 cm., tubus 0'4 cm., lobi
0'35 cm., anthere 0:3 cm. long. Stylus 0'5 cm., rami fere
02 em. long.

Near T. oligoneura, K. Schum., a Cameroons plant, but with
smaller leaves, shorter and relatively broader calyx with very
short blunt teeth, smaller corolla with obtuse lobes, and strongly
apiculate anthers.

306 MR. SPENCER MOORE ON THE

T'RICALYSIA GRISEIFLORA, A. Schum., in Engl. Jahrb. xxii.
(1896) 446.

Angola, common in thiekets and bushy grass-lands about
Malange; Gossweiler, 1245 & 1250.

PENTANISIA RHODESIANA, S. Moore, in Journ. Bot. xl. (1902)
4) 7-4)

pura pun

South Rhodesia, Penhalonga at 6000 feet ; E. R. Sawer.

POLYSPHÆRIA ZOMBENSIS, sp. nov. (Plate 13.) Verisimiliter
fruticosa, ramis gracilibus tetragonis glabris novellis puberulis,
foliis breviter petiolatis ovato-lanceolatis breviter cuspidatis
obiusis basi rotundatis vel rotundato-truncatis tenuissime coria-
ceis utrinque glabris in sicco fuscescentibus, stipulis deltoideo-
ovatis acuminatis extus diuscule appresse puberulis, glomerulis
3-10-floris pedunculis glabris recurvis suffultis, bracteolis com-
munibus necnon ealyculi phyllis ovatis acutis vel obtusis his
equidem ssepe truncatis ut calyx margine obscure undulatus
extus et intus minutissime sericeis, corolla tubuloso-campanulata
quam calyx multo Jongiore extus puberula faucibus villosis lobis
ovatis obtusis tubo brevioribus, antheris subinclusis, fructu -—.

Hab. Nyassaland, Zomba; A. Whyte.

Foliorum limbus raro 12°0 cm. attingens, solemniter 6:0-9:0
cm. Jong., juxta medium 3:0-5:0 em. lat.; coste secundarie
utrinque circa 12, horizontales vel ascendentes, marginem versus
subito arcuate; nervule aperte reticulate, delicatule; petioli
circiter 0'5 em. long., supra late canalieulati. Pedunculi pro-
fecto evoluti (sc. sub floribus jam pansis) 1-0 em. long. Stipule
0°4-0°5 em. long. Bracteole calyculique phylla 015-02 em.
long. Calycis tubus (ovarium) late turbinatus, ut limbus 1:0 cm.
long. Corolla tota 0°5 cm. long., basi 01 em. faucibus 0:25 em.
lat.; lobi 02 em. long. Anthere 0'25 em. long. Stylus inferne
glaber superne dense apicem versus minute pubescens, 0'7 cm.,
rami complanati vix 0*1 em. long.

An interesting plant, as its nearest congeners are the recently
described P. pedunculata, K. Schum. (in De Wildem. Fl.
Katanga, 226), and P. arbuscula, K. Schum. (in Engl. Bot. Jahrb.
xxxiii. (1903) 349), which, like it, differ from all other known
species by reason of the stalked inflorescences. P. arbuscula, of
which I have scen no specimen, is described as a tree with leaves
acute at the petiolar end, smaller stipules (0'1-0*15 em. long),
peduneles only half the length, bracteoles villous inside, and a

FLORA OF AFRICA : RUBIACE. 307

smaller calyx. P. pedunculata, among other points of difference,
also has leaves acute at the base.

The genus divides up naturally iuto two sections—one com-
prising species with sessile glomerules, which I propose to call
$ Ephedranthe, the other to include the three plants noticed
above, which may be placed in a § Cladanthe.

CANTHIUM LOANDENSE, sp. nov. Frutex, verisimiliter erectus,
ramis rigidis efoliatis cortice albido cireumdatis ramulos breves
foliosos patentes emittente, foliis parvis oblongo-obovatis obtusis-
simis deorsum in petiolum brevem sensim coaretatis subcoriaceis
supra puberulis dein glabrescentibus subtus griseo-pubescentibus,
stipulis basi late triangularibus sursum attenuatis diu persis-
tentibus extus pubescentibus, floribus parvis in paniculis axil-
laribus plurifloris abbreviatis villosulo-pubescentibus digestis,
bracteis lanceolatis quam pedicelli multo brevioribus, pedicellis
"alycem longe excedentibus patentibus ut calyx villosulo-
pubescentibus, calycis parvuli tubo (ovario) turbinato limbo
usque ad 4 5-lobo lobis triangularibus acutis, corolla tubo
calycem bene superante infundibuliformi, faucibus pilosulis lobis
3 late oblongis obtusis tubo paullo brevioribus, staminibus 3 ore
insertis, filamentis abbreviatis, antheris oblongis apice acutis
breviterve acuminatis, disco glabro, stylo breviter exserto
superne obscure puberulo, stigmate oblongo, bacca sphiroidea
puberula abortu 1-loculari.

Hab. Loanda, without further indication of locality ; Goss-
weiler, 145 & 414.

Folia 3:5-4'0 em. x 1:5-2:5 cm., supra in sicco olivaceo-fusc:
necnon subnitida subtus olivaceo-grisea ; coste secundarie
utrinque 7-9, supra impresse subtus magis perspicue. Stipulw
0'3 cm, long., mox iudurate. Panicule modo 10-15 em. long.,
et cirea totidem diam. Ovarium O'l cm., calycis limbus totus
0:15 cm., lobi 0:05 em. long. Pedunculus 0:2-0'8 cm., pedicelli
0'3 em. long.; bractee circiter O'l cm. long. Corolle tubus
0'5 em. long., basi O'L cm., faucibus 0°15 em. lat.; lobi 0*4 em.
long. Filamenta 0°06 cm;, anther:e 035-074 em. long. Stylus
0'6 cm., stigma 0'2 em. long. Bacca 0*5-0*6 cm, diam., nigra,
nitidula.

Distinguished by the small leaves with grey pubescence on
the lower side, the very short panicles, the small villosulous-
pubescent pedicels and ealyees, &c. The trimerous corolla and

308 MR. SPENCER MOORE ON THE

andrecium are peculiar ; possibly this is not a constant feature
of the species.

CANTHIUM ABBREVIATUM, S. Moore (Plectronia abbreviata,
K. Schum., in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. (1899) 73).

In thickets near Malange after the queimados (forest fires).

Flowers greenish white; lobes of limb spreading and reflexed
at time of flowering.

C. LANCIFLORUM, Hiern, in Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. 146.

Angola, Malange, in thickets always in colonies of about half-
a-dozen specimens ; Gossweiler, 1288 & 1238 B.

A. tree 20 feet high; leafless at time of flowering. Flowers in
July ; young fruits in August.

CANTHIUM OPIMUM, sp. nov. Frutex humane altitudinis vel
altior, ramis validis obscure applanatis cortice cinereo denso
obductis, foliis amplis petiolatis ovatis vel ovato-oblongis leviter
cuspidatis obtusis basi cuneatim angustatis sæpe obliquis margine
leviter undulatis vel aliquantulum undulato-crenulatis utrobique
glabris, stipulis deorsum late triangularibus in partem attenuatam
longam angustatis intus villosis diuseule persistentibus, floribus
mediocribus in panieulis pedunculatis axillaribus multifloris
quam folia brevioribus dispositis, braeteis linearibus quam
pedicelli puberuli sepissime brevioribus, calycis tubo (ovario)
late turbinato obscure puberulo limbo tubum paullo excedente
9- (raro 4-)dentato glabro, corolle extus glabre tubo calycem
bene excedente infundibuliformi faucibus dense villosis lobis 5
(raro 6) lineari-laneeolatis obtusiuseulis tubum aquantibus,
staminibus ore insertis, antheris subsessilibus anguste ovato-
oblongis brevissime apiculatis, disco glabro, stylo breviter
exserto glabro, stigmate mitriformi apice bifido longitrorsum
sulcato.

Hab. Angola, Kahalla near Malange ; Gossweiler, 1239.

Planta “ 5-8-ped.” alta sec. cl. detectorem. Rami 07-08 em.
diam. Folia 10:0-20:0 em. long., 6°0-7°5 em. lat., in sieco supra
olivaceo-fusca subtus viridia; cost: secundaria 7, apertissime
arcuate, satis pingues, ut costule laxe reticulate utrinque
perspieum ; petioli crassiusculi, l:5 em. long. Stipulæ 0'7 em.
long. Panicule ter dichotome, 30-40 em. long., 3:0 em. diam.
Bracteæ modice 0°2-0°3 em. long., ultime 0'1-0°15 em. Pedicelli
raro 065 cm., solemniter 0:2-0*4 cm. long. Calycis tubus

FLORA OF AFRICA: RUBIACE®. 309

013 cm., limbus 0'18 cm. long. Corolle virescentis tubus
U4 em. long.; lobi reflexi, basi fere 0°15 cm. lat. Anthere
015 em. long. Stylus 0'5 cm., stigma 0'2 em. long., hoc vivum
viride.

Known by the large glabrous leaves cuneate at base, together
with the short axillary panicles, small ovary, dentate calyx, &e.

Mr. Gossweiler notes that the thick corky “ bark” protects
the plant from the injurious effects of bush- fires.

VasvauERIA Raxprr, S. Moore, in Journ. Bot. xl. (1902) 252.
Matopo Hills, Rhodesia; F. Eyles, 1191.

FADOGIA srENOPHYLLA, Welw., ev Hiern, in Fl. Trop. Afr.
ii. 155.

Angola, in shrubby pastures near Loba Quatunga; Goss-
weiler, 1244.

PavkTTA PuinpipsLE, S. Moore, in Journ. Bot. xxxvii. (1899)
309.
Berbera; G. W. Bury.

RUTIDEA HIRSUTA, Hiern, Cat. Welw. Pl. 1. 491.
Loanda, Cazengo; Gossweiler, 633.

R. FERRUGINEA, Hiern, in FT. Trop. Afr. ii. 189.

Loanda, Cazengo, in densest thickets ou high ground (2
feet) near Monte Bello; Gossweiler, 665.

Flowers white, scented. Fruit yellowish green with wine-red
seeds. An Upper Guinea plant.

250

PSYCHOTRIA CRISTATA, Hiern, in Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. 205.
Loanda, Cazengo ; Gossweiler, 628

Grovuma ArzELU, Hiern, Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. 221.
Loanda, Cazengo; Gossweiler, 770.

ANOYLANTHOS FULGIDUS, Welw., ex Hiern, in Fl. Trop. Afr.
iii. 159.

Malange, in chalky soil near Quizanga : Gossweiler, 1236.

CRATERISPERMUM LAURINUM, Benth., in Hook. Niger Fl. 411.

N’Bango, near Malange ; Gossweiler, 1258.

Everywhere plentiful in primary thickets. Seems to suffer
less than any other shrub from fire. Recommended for green
fences on account of the density of its palings and easy culture.

310 MR. SPENCER MOORE ON THE

Diopta sTIPULOSA, sp. nov.; ramis puberulis in sicco alte
sulcatis, foliis breviter petiolatis ovatis apice cuspidato-acutis
basi obtusis margine minute ciliolatis eleganter costatis nervis
utrinque 3-4 ex cost; medie dimidio proximali ortis firme
membranaceis precipue fac. sup. scabriusculis, stipulis magnis
deorsum latissimis sursum longisetosis, calycis lobis 4 sat
elongatis subulato-linearibus quam ovarium paullulum longi-
oribus eiliolatis, corollie tubo calycem bene excedente superne
gradatim expanso limbi, lobis 4 oblongis tubo multo brevioribus,
ovario 2-loculari, stylo exserto, stigmate breviter 2-lobo, fructibus
c coccis duobus erustaceis puberulis sistentibus.

Hab. East Africa: Kikuyu; Dr. J. W. Gregory, 92. Sani;
Adssner, 753. Marangu; Volkens, 413.

West Africa: Cameroons; Preuss, 682. (Also, at Kew,
H. H. Johnston, 97.)

Folia + 40x20cm. Stipulæ brunneo-straminem 0:7-0*8 em.
lat.; harum pars indivisa circa 0'5 cm., sete adusque 0'8 cm.
long. Calycis lobi fere 0-4 em. long., 0'03 cm. lat. Corolle
tubus 0'7 em. long., basi 0°04 em. faucibus 0'2 cm. diam.; lobi
0'3 em. long., infra apicem barbellati. Anthere exsertz, 0°12
em. long. Ovarium 0°3 cm., stylus glaber, 1:5 em. long.
Stigmatis lobi 0°05 em. long., papillosi. Fructus cocci :egre
0'5 em. long. Semina 0*4 cm. long., vix Ol em. lat., pallide
nitentia.

Confused hitherto with D. breviseta, Benth., and D. sar-
mentosa, Sw., from which it can be distinguished at a glance by
means of the large loose stipules with long setæ. The flowers
also prove on examination to be different in several respects, and
the fruits and seeds of D. stipulosa are considerably larger.

DIoDIA ANGOLENSIS, sp. nov. Herba, verisimiliter perennis,
decumbens, rigida, ramis validis crebro foliosis quadrangularibus
subsparsim hispidule pubescentibus, foliis sessilibus anguste
lineari-lanceolatis apice breviter spinosis scabride hispidulis
uninervibus coriaceis in sicco pallide brunneo-viridibus, stipulis
abbreviatis truncatis apice setis 5-7 elongatis onustis, floribus
in axillis szepissime solitariis, calycis lobis 4 alternis brevioribus
lineari-laneeolatis acutis setuloso-ciliatis ovario setuloso sub-
wquilongis, corollæ extus puberulie tubo ealycem longe superante
faucibus ampliatis lobis 4 ovatis obtuais quam tubus brevioribus.
ovario 2-loculari, stylo breviter exserto puberulo, stigmate

FLORA OF AFRICA: COMPOSIT X. 311

eapitato-bilobo, fructu dicocco coccis obovoideis tricostatis
superne breviter setulosis.

Hab. Loanda, without specific locality ; Gossweiler, 364.

Folia solemniter 1:5-2:0 em. long., 0-2-0:4 em. lat., in sicco
plus minus revoluta; costa media fac. inf. maxime eminens,
decolor, pilis brevibus hispidis munita. Stipularum limbus
0:15 em. long., extus breviter setulosus; sete hujus inter se
inequales, 03-05 cm. long. Calycis lobi 0:17-0'2 em. long.
Corolle humectate tubus 0'8 em. long., prope basin 0°15 cem.,
faucibus 0:3 em. diam.; limbi lobi 0:4 em. long. Filamenta
0:12 cm., anthere 0:25 em. Jong. Ovarium turbinatum, 0*2 em.,
stylus 1:2 em. long.; stigma 0°06 em. diam. Cocci exsieeati
0:3 em. long., ima basi 0-1 cm., apice 0'2 em. lat., brunnea,
superne costulis transversis paucibus percursi.

Known by the rigid, brown-green, spine-tipped, more or less
revolute leaves, the usually solitary flowers, large corollas,
setulose ovaries, and small cocci.

COMPOSITA, TI.

ERLANGEA CENTAUROIDES, S. Moore, in Journ. Linn. Noc.,
Bot. xxxv. (1902) 313.
Berbera; G. W. Bury.

VERNONIA VIOLACEA, Oliver A Hiern, in Fl. Trop. Afr. iii.
prr
275.
Saba Catunga near Malang; Gossweiler, 1159.
A Nile- Land species.

V. Dextnotit, O. Hoffm., in Bol. Soc. Brot. xii. (1896) 19.
Cazengo ; Gossweiler, sine no.

V. POLYSPHJERA, Baker, in New Bull. (1898) 148.

N'Golo near Malange ; Gossiceiler, 1169.

A Nyassaland plant now first announced from the Lower-
Guinea region.

V. scurPTIFOLIA, Hiern, Cat. Welw. Pl. i. 523.
Cazengo, among grasses on Monte Lau; Gossweiler, GSG.

V. PHYLLODES, Hiern, Cat. Welw. PL i. 525.
Right bank of river Quanze near Malange ; Gossweiler, 1176.

312 MR. SPENCER MOORE ON THE

Vernonia (§ Decaneuron) GOSSWEILERT, sp. nov.; caule
robusto brevissimo e rhizomate brevi necnon crasso fibras longas
rigidas emittente oriundo et una cum eodem sordide sericeo-
villoso, foliis congestis oblongo-obovatis apice rotundatis mucro-
nulatisque deorsum longe ac sensim angustatis basi breviter
vaginantibus margine calloso-denticulatis vel mere undulatis
utrinque mox fere glabris membranaceis in sicco viridibus,
eapitulis medioeribus multifloseulosis solitariis seaposis, scapis
folia excedentibus puberulis sub capitulo griseo-pubescentibus
braeteis paueis lineari-subulatis onustis, involueri subhemi-
spherici scabride pubescentis phyllis 5-serialibus lineari-lanceo-
latis acuminatis exterioribus quam interiora multo brevioribus
viridibus (presertim apicem versus) intimis membranaceis,
lloseulis exsertis, acheniis eylindrieis 10-costatis sericeis quam
pappus pluriserialis stramineus multo brevioribus.

Hab. Angola, Malange in Parinari and U’Gambo groves;
Gossweiler, 1167.

Folia modica 9:0-10*0 em. x 1:5-2:5 em. (rarissime 12°0 x 3:5
em.), glandulis immersis przedita ; costa centralis crassus, utrinque
bene aspectabilis, eostze reliquze parum perspicuæ, folia vero
vetusta optime reticulato-nervosa. Scapus adusque 22:0 em.
alt, ascendens; hujus bracteæ distantes, d 0:5 cm. long.
pubescentes. Capitula pansa 3-0 em. diam. Involueri phylla
extima 0°5-0°6 cm., interiora + l5 cm., intima 2:0 em. long.
Corolle violaceo-cerulee ; tubus eylindrieus 1'5 em. long.,
deorsum 0*06 cm., sursum O'L em. diam. ; lobi vix 0:5 em. long.
Styli rami 0'5 em. long. Acheenia 04-0*5 em. x 0:08-0:12 em. ;
pappi sete inter se inzqualia, longiora 1:6 em. long., pauca
breviora externa 0*1-1:0 em.

Near F. gerberiformis, Oliver & Hiern, which has somewhat
different heads, there being fewer rows of broader and acute,
not acuminate, involueral leaves, &ec.

V. cumcmoNocEPHALA, O. Hoffm., in Bol. Soc. Brot. xiii.
(1896) 17.

Loanda, on top of the M’Bango Mountain; Gossieiler, 1152.

Flowering after fire has destroyed all the surrounding dry

grass.

VERNONIA ($ Slengelia) ROTUNDISQUAMA, sp. nov.: caule e
rhizomate oriundo ascendente superne breviter rariramoso valido

FLORA OF AFRICA: COMPOSITA. 313

griseo-tomentoso demum pubescente, foliis sessilibus anguste
oblongo-obovatis obtusis basi parum attenuatis necnon rotun-
datis margine crenato-serratis coriaceis supra scaberrimis subtus
griseo-tomentosis, capitulis mediocribus multiflosculosis ex apice
ramulorum 2-3-ternatim ortis, pedunculis propriis nune abbrevia-
tis nune capitula equantibus excedentibusve griseo-tomentosis
superne braeteis late spathulatis tomentosis crebro onustis,
involucri hemispherici saltem 8-serialis phyllis inter se parum in-
æqualibus late oblongis crustaceis lamina brevi rotundato-ovata
apiculata scariosa reticulato-nervosa purpurascente in sicco reflexa
humeetata vero ascendenti-patente coronatis, floseulis exsertis,
eorollarum tubo inferne tenuissimo superne late dilatato, achzeniis
parvis subcylindricis (basin versus levissime coarctatis) 10-costatis
fulvo-sericeis, pappi straminei setis pauciseriatis complanatis
ciliolato- barbellatis exterioribus quam interiora manifeste
brevioribus.

Hab. Angola, Quamanhianga near Malange ; Gossweiler,
1228.

Perennis et fere §-metralis. Caulis eleganter sulcatus, cirea
0'5 em. diam. Folia adusque 7:5x:*O cm., ssepius vero circa
90-40 X1°5-2°0 em. Pedunculi proprii 05-30 em. long.
Capitula 2:0-2'5 em. diam.; horum bractez 0:6-0:9 em. long.
Involueri phylla extima 0°8 em., interiora 1:2 cem., intima 1:3 cm.
long., hee 0*3 em. lat. Flosculi dilute violacei deinde albi.
Corolle tubus 1'3 em. long., inferne modo 0:05 cm., faucibus
fere 0°25 em. diam.; lobi 0:25 cm. long. Achænia 0'3 em.
long. Pappi sete iuteriores 0'7-0'0 em. long., exteriores circa
0*3 em.

A plant evidently near F. filipendula, Hiern, from which it
may be easily told by the tomentose underside of its leaves,
whieh are not markedly narrowed towards the base, the more
crowded inflorescences and shorter involueral leaves with a
differently shaped appendage. V. /asiolepis, O. Hoffm., which I
have not seen, is also closely allied to it, but, among other
charaeters, differs in the much longer and narrower leaves not
strongly seabrous above, and the larger heads.

VERNONIA GLABERRIMA, Welw., ex O. Hoffm., in Bol. Soc.
Brot. xiii. (1896) 15.

Cazengo, on dry stony ground near Palmyra; Gossweiler,
645.

314 MR. SPENCER MOORE ON THE

VERNONIA LAMPROPAPPA, O. Hoffm., in Bol. Soc. Brot. xiii.
(1896) 14.

Angola, on high ground in primary thickets near Malange ;
Gossweiler, 1226.

ErrPHaANTOPUS Wetwitsciil, Hiern, Cat. Welw, Pl. i. 540.
Angola, in thickets at N’Bango near Malange; Gossweiler,
1219.

FELICIA BARBELLATA, sp. nov. Annua, elata, caule tenui
erecto pilis albis hispidis erebro munito distanter folioso sursum
ramoso alibi ramulos paucos abbreviatos emittente, foliis parvis
eaulinis distantibus ramulorum magis approximatis sessilibus
linearibus vel anguste linearibus obtusis piloso-hispidis, capi-
tulis parvulis heterogamis radiatis multifloseulosis in corymbis
paucicephalis ramulos inferiores coronantibus vel in corymbo
terminali elongato digestis, pedunculis propriis sat elongatis
raribracteatis, involucri late eampanulati phyllis 3-serialibus
anguste lineari-oblanceolatis exterioribus brevioribus acutis in-
terioribus gradatim longioribus acuminatis omnibus dorso
hispidis margine membranaceis, radii flosculis femincis 1-
serialibus floseulis interioribus hermaphroditis intimis imminutis
neenon sterilibus, receptaculo plano areolato, flosculis breviter
exsertis, ligulis parvulis angustis, achzniis maxime compressis
ambitu anguste obovatis appresse setulosis, pappi setis breviter
barbellatis albis.

Hab. Angola, in shady spots of open woods at Pomea
Uremba; Gossweiler, 1150.

Planta fere $-metralis. Folia 1:0-1:5 em. long., vetustiora
interdum adusque 0°3 em. reliqua. vix 01 cm. lat., ultima modo
05 em. long. Corymbi ramulini 1-4-cephali, sepissime 2°0-
4'0 em. long. ; corymbus terminalis circa 20°0 cem. long. Pedun-
culi proprii graciles, piloso-hispidi, 1°6-4°5 em. long.; horum
bracteæ cirea 0'3 cm. long. Capitula pansa 05x10 em. In-
volucri phylla extima 0:3 cm., intermedia 0'4 cm., intima 0°5 em.
long. et 0'06 cm. lat. Ligula oblonga apice 3-denticulata,
0:15 em. long. Achænia 0:15 cm., pappus fere 0:3 em. long.

A rather remarkable plant because of the shortly barbel-
late sete to the pappus and on this account approaching
Mairea,

In the collectors note the ray-florets are said to be white
in the dry state some are purple.

FLORA OF AFRICA: COMPOSITE. 315

AMPHIDOXA FILAGINEA, Fical. § Hiern, in Trans. Linn. Koc.,
ser. II. Bot. ii. (1881) 21 (ex ic. et descript.).

To this species must be referred specimens collected by
Dr. R. F. Rand in Rhodesia, at Salisbury (No. 152) and Bula-
wayo (No. 351): these I named (Journ. Bot. xxxvii. (1900)
160) Helichrysum declinatum, Less., in error. The two plants
are treacherously alike, and only careful dissection can reveal
the difference between them.

In my former contribution (Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xxxv.
(1902) 332) I proposed the name Helichrysum achyroclinoides
for a Mt. Milanji plant collected by Mr. Alexander Whyte.
Mr. Baker having already used this name for a Madagascar
species, the plant in question may be known as H. soRDIDUM.

HELICHRYSUM ARGYROSPILERUM, DC. Prodr. vi. 174.
Rhodesia, four miles from Bulawayo on granite in sandy soil
at 4700 feet ; F. Eyles, 152.

H. Mecnowranum, Klatt, in Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien,
vii. (1892) 101.
Angola, Kamanhiango near Malange; Gossweiler, 1183.

H. Peters, Oliver d. Hiern, in Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 349.
Angola, on the road between Malange and Catombe; Goss-
weiler, 1218.

HkrnrcHRYsUM (Chrysolepidea § Stechadina) GossWwEILERI,
sp. nov. Herbaceum, perenne, caulibus foliosis simplicibus e
cauli repente prolixo squamifero oriundis dense araneoso-tomen-
tosis, folis parvis sessilibus oblongo- vel lineari-lanceolatis
acutis vel setaceo-acuminatis obscure nervosis utrinque pre-
sertim subtus araneoso-pubescentibus radicalibus e cauli repente
oriundis oblanceolatis obtusis inferne in petiolum sat longum
sensim angustatis retieulato-nervosis pubescentibus puberulisve,
capitulis breviter pedunculatis parvis homogamis 10-11-floscu-
losis inferne araneosis in cyma polycephalo subaperto digestis,
involueri turbinati phyllis 4-serialibus extimis brevioribus omni-
bus late oblongis membrana oblonga acuta aurea haud radiante
terminatis, receptaculo parvo foveolato, flosculis inclusis, anthe-
rarum caudis simplicibus, acheniis immaturis anguste cylindricis
dense papillosis, pappi setis ima basi connatis superne aureis
scabridis.

LINN. JOURN.— BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII. Z

916 MR. SPENCER MOORE ON TIIE

Hab. Angola, Catombe near Malange, also Vulanzombe,
where it springs up after bush-fires; Gossweiler, 1186 and
1198.

Caules fere semimetrales. Folia radicalia circa 10:0 em. x
0:9 em. ; horum petiolus 3:0 em. long., aliquanto complanatus.
Folia caulina modice 2:0-3:0 em. long. et 0:3-0'6 em. lat.,
membranacea. Folia superiora imminuta (1:5 em. x 0:3 em.) et
majus distantia. Cyme 85-40 em. diam. Pedunculi proprii
solemniter 0:2-0'4 cm. long. Capitula 0'5 em. x0'4 em. In-
volucri phylla extima 0*4 em., reliqua 0:5 em. long. ; intermedia
vix 02 em. intima 0°15 em. lat. Corolla 0:4 cm. long.
Achznia 01-0713. em. long., 0°04 em. lat. Pappi sete 0'4 em.
long.

Allied to H. gerberifolium, Sch. Bip., and apparently nearest
H. geminatum, Klatt (Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien, vii.
(1892) 101), but the present plant differs from that in clotbing,
simple branches, narrower leaves, araneose involucre, &c.

HELICHRYSUM (Chrysolepidea § Stechadina) HENDERSON X, sp.
nov. Fruticosum, ramosum, ramulis dense foliosis teretibus albo-
araneoso-tomentosis, foliis sessilibus basi brevissime vaginantibus
haud decurrentibus anguste linearibus mueronatis margine
revolutis supra cito pubescentibus subtus araneoso-tomentosis
subcoriaceis, capitulis parvulis heterogamis circa 40-flosculosis in
corymbis parvis brevibus pedunculatis ramulos singillatim ter-
minantibus digestis, bracteis linearibus subscariosis araneosis,
pedunculis propriis capitula equantibus vel paullo excedentibus
araneosis, involueri campanulati basi araneosi ceteroquin glabri
phyllis 4-serialibus lanceolatis (intimis lanceolato-oblongis) ob-
tusis sursum in laminam auream haud radiantem sibi ipsis
equilongam transeuntibus, receptaculo areolato, flosculis inclusis,
achzniis anguste ovoideis scabriusculis, pappi setis sursum sca-
briusculis necnon lutescentibus.

Hab, Nyika Plateau, Nyassaland ; Miss Henderson.

Ramuli vetustiores reliquiis foliorum vaginarum onusti. Folia
1:0-2:0 em. long., summum 0:2 em. lat. Pedunculi 1:0-3:0 em.
long. Bracteæ modice 0'3-0'6 em. long. Pedunculi proprii
summum 0'5 em. long. vel paullulum longiores. Corymbi 1:5-
2:5 em. diam. Capitula 0*4 cm. x 0'5 em. ; phylla 0*05-0:09 em.
lat., extima 0'2 cm., intermedia 0:25 cm., intima 0°3 em. long.
Receptaculum fere 0:2 em. diam. convexum. Corolle 0:2 cm.

FLORA OF AFRICA: COMPOSITE. 317
long. Antherarum caude barbellat:. Achenia 0'06 em.,
pappus 0:25 em. long.

This might easily be mistaken for H. trilineatum, DC., which,
besides belonging to the Lepicline division of the genus, has
somewhat different leaves and flowering heads. The affinity of
the present plant is with H. rutilans, DC., and its allies, but
the rigid habit and small, very narrow leaves at once serve as
marks of distinction.

Henicurysum (Lepicline $ Plantaginea) VERBASCIFOLIUM, sp.
nov. Planta herbacea omnimodo tomento densi griseo persis-
tente obtecta, foliis radiealibus ovato-oblongis apiee mucronatis
deorsum in petiolum caulem arcte amplectantem et lamina delapsa
eundem obtegentem longe desinentibus basi plurinervibus sed
costa centrali exempta nervis minime perspicuis, scapo ascen-
dente folia excedente vel equante bracteis perpaucis oblongis
gradatim imminutis onusto, capitulis parvis homogamis 13-
floseulosis in glomerulum densiusculum aggregatis, involueri
anguste campanulati inferne araneosi phyllis 4-serialibus ob-
longis extimis breviter acuminatis intermediis acutiuseulis
intimis (que angustiora) obtusis omnibus lamina haud radiante
sibi ipsis fere zquilonga phyll. ext. dilute brunnea phyll. reliq.
lete aurea preditis, receptaculo fimbrillifero, flosculis inclusis,
pappi setis scabridis pallide luteis.

Hab. Nyika Plateau, Nyassaland; Miss Henderson.

Folia 129:0-17:0 em. x 8:5-5:5 cm., basin versus modo 0:5-0:7
em. lat.; petioli summum cirea 1:5 em. long. Scapus unicus
mihi obvius 16:0 em. alt.; hujus bractea infima 7:0 em. x 17 em.,
summa modo 07 cm. long. Glomerulus 3:0 em. diam. Pedun-
culi proprii fere 0:3 em. long. Capitula 0:9 em. long., ægre
0'5 em. lat. Involueri phylla extima 0:'6-0:7 cm., interiora
0°85 em. long.; intermedia 0:25 cem., intima 0:2 em. lat. Re-
ceptaculum 0:15 em. diam. Corolle 0:45 em. long. Antherarum
caude breviter barbellatse. Achænia O'L em., pappus 0°55 em.
long.

Close to H. nanum, Baker (Kew Bull. (1898) p. 150, non
Klatt, in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. (1896) p. 461), but with much
larger leaves on shorter petioles, larger bracts to the scape,
larger heads with broader involucral leaves, of which the inner
ones are obtuse or at most obtusely acute, pubescent instead of

7 9

318 MR. SPENCER MOORE ON THE

glabrous achenes, and a yellow pappus of nearly double the
length.

Hericurysum (Lepicline § Decurrentia) cHRYSOPHORUM, sp.
nov. Herbaceum, satis elatum, ascendens, ramis gracilibus sparsim
ramulosis longitrorsum costatis araneosis eito fere glabris, foliis
anguste lineari-oblanceolatis acutis longe decurrentibus obscure
l- vel 8-nervibus supra scabridis subtus dense araneoso-tomento-
sis, capitulis parvulis heterogamis 5-6-flosculosis in eymis parvis
longipeduneulatis bracteatis arancosis e cymulis pedunculatis
polycephalis compositis dispositis, involucri cylindrico-turbinati
basi araneosi phyllis 3-serialibus oblongo-ovatis obtusissimis
extimis quam interiora manifeste brevioribus intimis aliquantu-
lum laceratis appendicibus aureis haud radiantibus, receptaculi
paleis setaceis, floseulis fem. 1-2 horum corolle limbo bene
evoluto, flosculis hermaph. 3-4, acheniis minimis cylindricis
papillosis, pappi setis scabriusculis albis.

Hab. Nyassaland ; J. Buchanan, 776 of 1891 collection.

Folio + 2:0 em. long., summum 083-035 cm. lat, mem-
branaeea. Pedunculi circa 10:0 em. long., horum bracte: foliis
similes nisi minores. Cyme ipse circiter 1:0 em. long. et 1:5—
3:0 em. lat. Cymule cirea 05x07 em. Capitula vix 0'3 cm.
long., 0-13 em. lat. Involucri phylla exteriora 0'2 cm., interiora
0:25 em. long. Floseuli inclusi. Corolle vix 02 em. long.
Fil. fem. lobi lineares, 0:05 cm. long. Achænia immatura
0:03 cm., pappi sete 0'2 em. long.

Close to H. odoratissimum, Less., but differing from it in the
slender habit, smaller leaves, smaller and differently shaped
capitula with not more than six florets, &c.

HELICHRYSUM (Lepicline § Aptera) DILUCIDUM, sp. nov.
Herbaceum, elatum, caule ascendente tereti arcte araneoso-
tomentoso tandem glabrescente, foliis sessilibus nequaquam
decurrentibus linearibus sursum attenuatis basi obtusis tri-
nervibus subcoriaceis supra laxe araneosis cito glabrescentibus
et fuscescentibus subtus albido-tomentosis, capitulis parvis
homogamis circa 24-flosculosis in eymis eorymbosis terminalibus
apertis longebracteatis polycephalis dispositis, bracteis foliis
similibus nisi multo minoribus, pedunculis propriis szpius capi-
tuia subzquantibus ut pedunculi dense araneoso-tomentosis,

FLORA OF AFRICA : COMPOSITA. 319

involucri campanulati omnino glabri phyllis 5-seriatis extimis
manifeste brevioribus omnibus lamina comparate magna ovata
(phyll. intimorum oblonga) obtusissima margine erenulata haud
radiante brunneo-aurea onustis, receptaculo plano nudo, flosculis
exsertis, antherarum caudis simplicibus, acheniis subcylindricis
glabris, pappi setis scabridis albis.

Hab. Mt. Milanji, Nyassaland; A. Whyte.

Folia solemniter 5:0—7:0 cm. long., 0°4—0°5 (raro 0°7) em. lat. ;
cost laterales quam centrales minus perspicue etsi aspectabiles.
Cymz profecto evolut: adusque 7:5 em. diam., et 5'0 em. long. ;
harum bracteæ summa» maxime imminutze, inferiores 1:5-3'0 em.
long. Capitula 0°45 em. long., 04 em. diam. Involueri phylla
extima 0°15 cm., interiora 0°25 cm., intima 0:3 em. long. Corolle
0°35 cm. long. Styli rami apice subceapitati. Achenia adhue
immatura 0*08 cm., pappus 0:3 em. long.

To be inserted next ZH. trilineatum, DC., which has compact
habit, different leaves, denser globose cymes, larger heads
woolly at the base, with many more florets, &c.

Hevicurysum (Lepicline $ Aptera) BULLULATUM, sp. nov.
Verisimiliter suffruticosum, caule valido frequenter ramuloso ut
ramuli bene foliaeei densissime albo-tomentoso, foliis sessilibus
lineari-lanceolatis acutis basi angustatis haud decurrentibus
coriaceis obseure 3-nervibus supra mox araneoso-pubescentibus
puberulisve et manifeste bullulatis subtus dense albo-tomentosis,
capitulis parvis homogamis s:pissime 5-flosculosis in eymis
brevibus permulticapitatis subsphieroideis lanatis se ipsis glome-
rulatis dispositis, involucri anguste cylindrici 3-serialis phyllis
inter se equilongis lamina ovato-oblonga obtusissima haud
radiante straminea onustis, flosculis inclusis, corollis minimis
harum lobis linearibus, antherarum caudis microscopice bar-
bellatis, achæniis maxime crudis oblongis glabris, pappi setis
sursum scabriusculis sordide albis.

Hab. Nyassaland; J. Buchanan, 20 of 1895 collectiou.

Folia summum 4°5 x 1:0 cm., modice vero 1:5-2:0 x 05-07 cm.,
supra fusca; costule pag. sup. impresse, pag. inf. tomento
invito perspicus. Cymarum glomeruli 2:0-4'0 em. long. et
diam. luvoluera 0°45 cm. long., 015 em, diam. Corolla modo
0:175 em. long. Styli rami truncati. Achenia 0°03 cm., pappi
sete 0'15 em. long.

Apparently near H. hypoleucum, Harv., but easily known by

320 MR. SPENCER MOORE ON THE

the bullulate leaves and the dense glomerules of narrow capitula
with straw-coloured involueral appendages.

HELICHRYSUM syNcEPHALUM, Baker, in Kew Bull. (1898)
151.
Mt. Milanji, Nyassaland; A. Whyte.

Inuta Kian, O. Hoffm., in Engl. Jahrb. xxiv. (1898)
472.

Angola, Malange, behind the Governor's palace towards
Catombe; Gossweiler, 1151.

Isvua HENDERSONI®, sp. nov. Herbacea, subscaposa, caule
crasso velutino superne piloso-pubescente, foliis approximatis
magnis oblongo-oblaneeolatis obtusis in petiolum nune brevem
nune brevissimum sensim angustatis (junioribus sessilibus levi-
terque amplexieaulibus) margine impariter dentato-serratis supra
scabridulis subtus secus nervos piloso-pubescentibus, capitulis
parvis ad apicem pedunculi nutantis seapum revocantis folia
bene excedentis primum dense fulvo-hirsuto-tomentosi tum
piloso-pubescentis raribracteati in corymbo brevi oligocephalo
digestis radiatis subhemisphericis circa 60-flosculosis, involucri
5-serialis phyllis anguste lanceolatis sursum attenuatis exteri-
oribus quam interiora manifeste brevioribus omnibus fulvo-
hirsutis, receptaculo areolato, acheniis erudis parvis cylindricis
papillosis obscure costatis, pappi setis 2-serialibus glabris stra-
mineis acheniis multo longioribus.

Hab. Nyika Plateau, Nyassaland; Miss Henderson.

Caulis 0°6 em. diam., subito ad O'4 em. contractus. Folia
15:0-20:0 em. long., 4:0-5:0 em. lat., membranacea ; petioli dum
adsint 2:0 em. long., basi breviter vaginantes. Pedunculus fere
30'0 em. alt., fistulosus ; bractea vix 4'0 em. long., glanduloso-
denticulata, utrinque fulvo-pubescens; accedunt bracteæ per-
paucæ juniores in involucri phylla transeuntes. Pedunculi
proprii 0:3-0'8 em. long. Capitula 1:0 cm. long. et diam. In-
volucri phylla extima 0:4 cem., interiora 0'8 cm. long., omnia
apice fusca. Ligule oblonge, 3-denticulate, 4-nervosx, 0:6 em.
long. Corolle fll. hermaph. 0°35 em. long. Pappi sete 0:2-0:3
em. long.

At first sight much like Z. subscaposa, X. Moore, but the larger
leaves are sessile or at most shortly petiolate, the capitula are
larger, with longer and broader involueral leaves, &e.

FLORA OF AFRICA: COMPOSITE. 321

Isura GLoMERATA, Oliver & Hiern, in Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. 359.
Angola, rather rare in secondary thickets and open forests at
N'Golo near Malange ; Gossweiler, 1180.

I. QOSSWEILERI, sp. nov. Herbacea, caule erecto crebro
folioso striato dense sericeo-hirsuto mox appresse pubescente,
folis radicalibus magnis oblanceolato-obovatis obtusis basi in
petiolum longe decurrentibus supra leviter scabriuseulis viridibus
subtus pallidis pubescentibus, foliis caulinis subapproximatis
parvis oblongis obtusis sessilibus interdum levissime amplexicau-
libus margine dentieulatis pergamaceis utrinque dilute fulvo-
sericeis deinde pag. sup. pubescentibus, capitulis parvis discoideis
multiflosculosis ad apicem ramulorum brevium solitariis vel
sepius paucis glomeratis, pedunculis propriis quam involucra
brevioribus dense sericeo-hirsutis, involueri campanulati dilute
fulvo-sericei 6-serialis phyllis anguste lanceolatis acutis interi-
oribus quam extima plane longioribus intimis anguste linearibus,
receptaculo foveolato, flosculis inclusis, achentis cylindrieis
breviter sericeis pluristriatis quam pappi sete l-seriatæ glabra
straminee brevioribus.

Hab. In high grasses of the primeval forest between Malange
and Catombe Villa; Gossweiler, 1213.

Stirps (ex scheda cl. eolleetoris) ** 1-2. ft." alt. Folia radi-
calia circa 30°0 em. long., 5:0-7:5 cm. lat. Folia caulina 4'0-
6:0 em. x 1:5-2-0 cm., subtus eminenter retieulato-venosa. Inter-
nodia modice 1:5-20 em. long. Ramuli laterales 2:0—3:5 em.
long.; horum folia 2:0 em. long. vel minus. Capitulorum
glomeruli 2:5 em. diam. Capitula 1'3 em. long., 2*0 em. dram.
Involueri phylla extima 0*6-0*8. cm., interiora 1:0-1:1 cm. long.,
omnia homochroa. Corolle 0'7 em. long. Achenia vix 072 cm.
neenon pappi setze 0'45-0:5 em. long.

To be placed in the genus next J. glomerata, Oliver & Hiern,
whieh has larger radical leaves with a different clothing and
more lax reticulation, stem-leaves distant from each other and
considerably larger, and somewhat smaller flowering-heads with
obtuse outer involucral leaves.

PEGOLETTIA SENEGALENSIS, Cass. im Dict. Sc. Nat. xxxvili.
230.

Rhodesia, between Bulawayo and Victoria Falls; F. Lyles,
131.

322 MR. SPENCER MOORE ON THE

CALOSTEPHANE DIVARICATA, Benth., in Hook. Ic. Pl. sub
tab. 1111.

Rhodesia, Deka Siding (on railway between Bulawayo and
Victoria Falls); F. Eyles, 82.

GxraERIA BurKer, Harv. Fl. Cap. iii. 126.
Swaziland, mountains above Em Babaan ; J. B. Davy, 2824.

BIDENS AMBIGUUS, sp. nov. Herbaceus, bispithameus, glaber,
caule simplici gracili ascendente sparsim folioso, foliis sessilibus
anguste linearibus obtusis integris vel raro breviter paucilobatis,
lobis linearibus obtusis, capitulis mediocribus terminalibus soli-
tariis longipeduneulatis, involucri subhemispherici phyllis ex-
terioribus herbaceis interioribus subzquilongis lineari-lanceolatis
obtusis extus puberulis phyllis interioribus ovato-oblongis obtusis
membranaceis pluristriolatis sursum ciliolatis, receptaeuli paleis
ovatis obtusis, ligulis cirea 8 ex involuero bene eminentibus luteis,
achæniis nondum maturis late oblongis nequaquam alatis glabris
velfere glabris aristis 2 quam se ipsa brevioribus dentibus perpaucis
nune erectis nune recurvis onustis vel etiam omnino calvis.

Hab. Angola, in open forests on the left bank of the river
Quauze at Kiambella ; Gossweiler, 1189.

Caulis obtuse quadrangularis, 0°15 em. diam. Folia modica
2:5-8:5 em. long., 01-0715 em. lat.; lobi dum adsint 03-04 em.
long. Pedunculi 10:0-18:0 em. long., nudi vel bractea unica
lineari circa 1:0 em. long. preediti. Capitula pansa 0°8 em. long.,
2:5 em. diam. Involueri phylla exteriora 0:6-6/7 cm. long.,
summum 0°13 cm. lat.; phylla interiora 0°75 cm. long., 0'2-
0:25 cm. lat. Receptaculi pales 0-6 em. long. Ligule 1'0 cm.
long., ovato-oblonge, margine crispule, apice 2-fide, 11-12-
nervose. Disci corolle 0'5 cm. long. Anthere basi integre.
Styli rami appendice abbreviata coronati. Achenia 0'3 cm.,
pappi ariste 0:2 em. long.

Nearest B. lineariloba, Oliver & Hiern, but a weaker growing
plant than that, with leaves entire or almost so, and different
involueres and achenes. "These latter organs are peculiar, and
in this respect the plant may be regarded either as a Bidens or
a Coreopsis ; hence the trivial name selected for it.

B. croceus, Welw., ex O. Hoffm., in Bol. Soc. Brot. x. (1892)
177, var. VERRUCIFERUS, var. nov.; achæniis crebro spinuloso-
verrucatis infra apicem vero glabris.

Angola, Catombe near Malange; Gossweiler, 1210.

FLORA OF AFRICA: COMPOSITE. 323

Bemspycopium ATHANASIÆ, Kunze, in Linnea, xvi. (1842)
316. (Pl. 14 A. figs. 1-3.)

I incorporated the type of this obscure plant in the Museum
Herbarium a few years ago. It is a cultivated specimen from
the Leipzig Garden, and formed part of the Auerswald Her-
barium. Harvey makes no mention of this plant in ‘Flora
Capensis’; Bentham, however (Gen. PI. ii. 417), though evidently
without seeing a specimen, correctly refers it to Athanasia.
The type above mentioned turns out to be identieal with
Athanasia oligocephala, DC., and the only noteworthy point
about it resides in the leaves, of which some are a little above an
inch in length.

LOPHOLÆNA SEGMENTATA, S. Moore, in Bull. Herb. Boiss.
sér. II. iv. (1904) 1021.

Swaziland, open veldt near Miller's house; J. B. Davy,
2809.

GyNuRA VITELLINA, Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 438, var.
ANGUSTIFOLIA, var. nov. A typo distat ob folia margine solum-
modo dentata, comparate elongata, maxime angustata, modica
8:5-10'0 em. long. 0:8-1:2 em. lat., interdum 5:0-6:0 x 0°5-
0*6 cm.

Angola, in marshy places near Pandono, Malange ; Gossweiler,
1230.

G. sanconasiS, DO. Prod. vi. 300.
Rhodesia, in a shady granite cave on the Matopo Hills at
5000 feet; F. Eyles, 40.

CINERARIA ALCHEMILLOIDES, DC. Prod. vi. 307 (e deseript.).

Orange River Colony, Bloemfontein; Rehmann, 3768. Cape
Colony, Jaus (Western Region); Schlechter, 11208.

The above are, I believe, rightly named. There is not an
authentie specimen of this species in the Museum, neither is
there at Kew.

SENECIO ABYSSINICUS, Sch. Bip., ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss.
i. 438.

Angola, rather rare in cultivated ground about Malange ;
Gossweiler, 1208.

324 MR. SPENCER MOORE ON THE

SENECIO SYCEPHYLLUS, sp. nov.; ramis e caule tenero simplici
prostrato radicante ascendentibus piloso-hirsutulis tandem fere
glabris, foliis parvis sessilibus cireuitu oblongo-ovatis obtusis
basi late amplexieaulibus margine lobatis dentieulatisve mem-
branaceis piloso-pubescentibus, capitulis parvis perpaucis in
corymbo quam folia longiore dispositis heterogamis radiatis
pluritloseulosis, pedunculis propriis involuera multoties exceden-
tibus braeteis paueis setaceis instructis pubescentibus, involueri
anguste campanulati ecalyeulati phyllis circa 12 anguste lineari-
bus acuminatis anguste marginatis extus pilosis, ligulis paucis
involucrum longe excedentibus luteis, styli ramis truncatis
penicillatis, aehzeniis crudis glabris, pappi setis scabriusculis
albis.

Hab. Mt. Ruwenzori; G. F. Scott Elliot, 7965.

Folia 1:0-8:0 em. long., 0*6-1:0 em. lat., summa rara et
imminuta, in bracteas trauscuntia, saltem 0*5 cm. long.; lobi
dum adsint 04x05 cm. Pedunculi proprii circa %5 em.
long.; horum bractew 0'2-0:35 em. Involueri phylla 0:65 em.
long., 005-0075 em. lat. Ligule oblong:e, apice breviter denti-
culate, 5-nervosx, 1-0 em. long., vel paullulum longiores. Disci
corolle 0°5 cm., styli rami 0'1 cm., pappi sete 035-075 em. long.

A very distinet little plant known by the habit, the clothing,
the small, usually lobed, broadly amplexicaul leaves, &e. The
affinity is apparently with S. Vallis-gratie, Bolus.

SENECIO OMMANNEI, sp. nov. Herbaceus, elatus, glaber, caule
verisimiliter simplici tereti eximie suleato, foliis radicalibus
ignotis caulinis elongatis anguste oblanceolatis obtusis vel obtuse
acutis basin versus in petiolum alatum validum dorso insigniter
pluricostatum longe ac sensim attenuatis margine crebro denti-
culatis membranaceis superioribus brevioribus neenon angusti-
oribus et sessilibus basi breviter amplexieaulibus | margine
dentieulato-undulatis, capitulis heterogamis radiatis circa 20-
flosculosis in corynibo satis aperto polycephalo bracteato digestis,
pedunculis propriis capitula multo excedentibus bracteis raris
parvis lineari-lanceolatis summis subulatis et in ealyeuli phylla
transeuntibus onustis, involucri anguste campanulati phyllis
11-13 oblongis vel oblongo-linearibus apice sphaeclatis longi- .
trorsum nervosis marginibus membranaceis, receptaculo rari-
fimbrillifero, ligulis 5 luteis ex involuero eminentibus, disci flosculis
exsertis, styli ramis truncatis penicillatis, acheniis compressius-

FLORA OF AFRICA: COMPOSITE. 325

culis ceterum cylindricis 10-costatis glabris, pappi setis scabrius-
culis albis.

Jab. Steijns Farm, Johannesburg ; H. T. Ommanney, 111.

Planta summum 4-metralis ex scheda cl. detectoris. Caulis
deorsum 0°5-0°6 em. diam. Folia inferiora (petiolo incluso)
30*0-45'0 em. long., 4°0-fere 6'0 cm. lat.; horum petiolus 6:0-
20'0 em. long., sc. foll. super. magnopere abbreviatus; folia
superiora 14:0-20*0 em. x 0'8-2:0 cm., accedunt perpauca summa
in bracteas transeuntes 3:0—4-0 x 0:2-0:3 em. Corymbus 1470 em.
long., circa 9:0 diam. ; ejus bractez 0:25-1:5 em. long. Pedunculi
proprii modice 2:0-3:0 em. long. Capitula 08x04 em. Caly-
culi phylla perpauca, 0:2 em. long. Involucri phylla 0'5 em.
long. Ligule (lamina) 0*6 em. long., oblongo-oblanceolat:ze, infra
apicem obscure denticulate, apice obtusissime, 4-nervose. Disci
corolle 0:7 em. long., tubo basi subito dilatato. Styli rami
O'l em. long. Achznia 0:15 em., pappus 0*6 em. long.

Allied to but à much bigger plant than S. Serra, Soud., the
inflorescence of the two being very similar in outward appear-
ance. The plant here described has much longer and relatively
broader leaves, with a somewhat different margin, also only five
ray-florets and fewer florets in the dise, &e.

SPHENOGYNE BRACHYLOBA, Kunze, in Linnea, xx. (1847) 21.
(Pl. 14 B. fig. 4.)

This plant has been overlooked by Harvey, as indeed has the
entire memoir (the author's third * Pugillus’) of which it forms
part. The type is in the British Museum, where it is represented
by two Leipzig Garden specimens from the Auerswald Herbarium.
It undoubtedly belongs to section Thelythamnos, characterized
by the absence—or narrowness when present—of a membranous
edge to the outer involucral leaves, and this despite the fact that
Kunze himself refers it to section JVerolepis, which contains
speeies with all the involueralleaves broad-edged. Different from
anything I have seen in the British Museum aud at Kew, the
affinity of this plant is evidently with S. tenuifolia, DC., with
which it agrees in having the same pseudo-scapose inflorescence,
although the leaves of S. brachyloba are more scattered, and
lobed instead of entire. The somewhat smaller involucral leaves
also yield an easily recognized point of difference between the
two species.

326 MR. SPENCER MOORE ON THE

CARDUUS LEPTACANTHUS, Fres., in Mus. Senckenb. ii. (1845)
70, var. NYASSANA, v^r. nov.; caulis abunde foliolo-spinosus.
Foliorum lobi quam ii typi insigniter minores et comparate
latiores (sc. solemniter + 1:0 cm. long. et lat.) Capitula sum-
mum 20 em. long. et 15 em. diam. Achænia 0:4 cm., pappi
sete 1:0-1:5 em. long.

Nyassaland; Buchanan, 219, 577. Myika Plateau; Miss
Henderson. (Also, at Kew, Mt. Malosa ; A. Whyte sine no.)

A well-marked variety, at once distinguishable from the type
and from its var. Steudneri, Engl., which do not range so far
south.

CENTAUREA RHIZOCEPHALA, Oliver & Hiern, in Fl. Trop. Afr.
iii. 438.
Wase, Northern Nigeria; Dr. Kumm.

PrEroTAxis RUGOSA, O. Hoffm., in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xv. (1893)
538.

Loanda, Cazengo, on Monte Lau, rare ; Gossweiler, 687.

P. eximia, O. Hoffm. l c. 539.
Angola, near Malange towards Catombe ; Gossweiler, 1209.
Native name “ Hácea."

P. Autunssit, O. Hoffm. l. c. 539.
Among high grasses near the Villa Catombe, near Malange ;
Gossweiler, 1214.

Dicoma Werwrirscur, O. Hoffm., in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xv.
(1893) 544,

Angola, not uncommon in open forests between Catombe and
Malange ; Gossweiler, 1211.

Dicoma (§ Pterocoma) SUPERBA, sp. nov. Herbacea, caule e
rhizomate crasso longifibrillifero erecto simplici vel apicem versus
tantum breviter ramoso folioso subtereti longitrorsum multi-
suleato brevissime sericeo-tomentoso dein glabrescente, foliis
magnis ovatis (junioribus ovato-oblongis) obtusis basi vaginante
amplexicaulibus in longitudinem 5-nervibus supra glabris eximie
reticulatis subnitentibus subtus intricate membranaceo-albo-
iomentosis tenuiter coriaceis, capitulis paucis majusculis homo-
gamis eirca 22-flosculosis pedunculis valde abbreviatis bracteis
involueri phylla mentientibus munitis ex axillis superioribus

FLORA OF AFRICA: COMPOSIT.X. 327

oriundis suffultis, involucri turbinati phyllis multiseriatis lineari-
lanceolatis spinoso-acuminatis rigidis margine anguste mem-
branaceis languide argyreis intimis quam interiora brevioribus
membranaceis itaque vero acuminatis, receptaculo alte foveolato,
floseulis inclusis, corallarum lobis reflexis, antherarum caudis
barbellatis, achæniis dense sericeis quam pappi sete; pluriseriate
multo brevioribus.

Hab. Rather rare in the young open forests towards Catombe ;
Gossweiler, 1216.

Planta $-metralis. Folia 1270-140 em. x 5:0-75 em., vagina
(quie 0'3 em. long.) exclusa; folia superiora 6:0-8:0 em. long.
Pedunculi circa 1:0 em. long., cauli arcte applicati. Capitula
30-35 em. long., 2:0 em. vel paullulum ultra lat. Involueri
phylla extima cirea 1*6 em. X 0:15 em., interiora 2:5 em. x 0'3 em.,
intima cirea 1'8 em. long. Corolle tubus 0°6 cm., lobi 0°5 em.
long. Anthere apice acute. Achenia 02 em. long., fere
totidem lat. Pappi sete 0'9 em. long.

Var. ANaUSTIFOLIA. Folia lanceolata, breviter amplexicaulia,
modice 5:0-7:0 em. x -2-1:8 em. Capitula paullo ultra 2:0 em.
long. et 1:5 em. lat.

Hab. Malange, in thickets at N'Bango ; Gossweiler, 1215.

Near D. sessiliflora, Marv., and D. membranacea, S. Moore, but
easily distinguished by the quite different involueral leaves.
The description of D. Poggei, O. Hoffm. (Engl. Jahrb. xv. (1893)
546) suits it in some respects, but the leaves of this are different,
as also the inflorescence. Moreover, the heads are described as
4 cm. long and no less than 3:5 em. broad, 7. e. nearly hemi-
spherical, and the involucral leaves are evidently unlike.

Mr. Gossweiler notes that the florets are purplish red.

DrcoMa PLANTAGINIFOLIA, O. Hoffm., in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xv.
(1893) 546.
Angola, thickets at N'Bango, Malange; Gossweiler, 1207.

D. RADIATA, Less., in Linnea, v. (1830) 278 (e descript.).
(Pl. 15.)

The only specimens of this species known to me are in the
British Muscum, and were collected by Francis Masson. Of
these specimens an elaborate description is among the Solander
MSS., under an unpublished name which, for obvious reasons,
is not reproduced here. The specimens agree in every respect

328 MR. SPENCER MOORE ON THE

with Lessing’s description; indeed in regard to the leaves, they
are more like the specimens seen by Lessing than those which
Harvey had before him, inasmuch:as while the first-named given
4- 10 lines as the length of those organs, and Harvey (Fl. Cap.

i. 516) says the length is 1-14 in., on Masson's specimen there
are no leaves reaching an inch in length, the largest measuring
not more than 7 or at most 8 lines.

On account of the rarity of Dicoma radiata it has been judged
worthy of the accompanying plate, from the details of which the |
plant’s special features will be readily apprehended. The habitat,
according to Solander, is the Karroo beyond Hartegnas Kloof,
in very dry places (* locis aridissimis "').

CREPIS BUMBENSIS, Hiern, Cat. Welw. PL i. 616.
Angola, along the road from N'Golo to Oulangombe ; Goss-
weiler, 1172.

LACTUCA ScnvrzkANA, Büftn., in Verhandl. Bot. Ver. Brand.
xxxi. (1889) 72 (e deseript.).

Loanda, Cazengo, among high grasses on gravelly ground near
Monte Bello; Gossweiler, 668.

An erect green or purplish herb 6-15 feet high. Stem up to
an inch in diameter. Inflorescence 4 feet or more long. Ligules
milk-white. Except for the white florets agrees fairly well with
Biittner’s description.

[Nore.—The following description was inadvertently omitted ;
it should come after T. griseiflora on page 306.—8. L. M.]

TRICALYSTA MILANJIENSIS, sp. nov. Fruticosa, ramulis ascen-
dentibus mox apertis tenuibus bene foliosis pubescentibus demum
glabris novellis minute sed dense pubescentibus, foliis lanceolatis
vel oblongis sursum aliquando cuspidulatis nune acutis nune
obtusis rarissime obtusissimis apice solemniter longiuscule
mucronatis basi in petiolum brevem angustatis papyraceis supra
costa media puberula exempta glabris necnon obscure nitentibus
subtus in nervorum axillis passim pubescentibus eeterum glabris
costis secundariis utrinque cirea 8 horizontalibus leviterve ascen-
dentibus marginem versus dichotomis, stipulis e basi brevi ovata
in appendicem longam exeuntibus extus pubescentibus, axillis
plurifloris, floribus breviter puduneulatis, ealyeulo duplici

Moore. Linn Soc.JounN.BoT Von. XXXVIL P1. 18.

N

— _ -
West, Newman inp.

es POLYSPHJERIA ZOMBENSIS SAfoore.

Linn.Soc Journ. Bor Vor. XXXVII P1.14..

Moore.

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S.L. Moore del.
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Kunze.

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MBYCODIUM ATHANASILIZ.
HENOGYNE BRAOCHYLOBA.

E
B.

Moore. Tainn.Soc. Journ. BoT Vou. XXXVIL FI. 15.

FLORA OF AFRICA ! COMPOSITA. 329

longiuscule 2-4-dentato dentibus subulatis ut calyx pedun-
culusque sericeo, calycis tubo (ovario) subspheroideo limbo
6-lobo lobis subulatis limbo paullo longioribus, corolle tubo
ealyce multo longiore limbi lobis oblongis acutiuseulis quam
tubus multo brevioribus extus pubescentibus margine ciliolatis,
antheris sessilibus subinclusis, stylo ineluso puberulo hujus ramis
linearibus, ovulis pro loculo 2.

Hab. Nyassaland, Mount Milanji ; A. Whyte.

Ramuli 0*1-0:15 em. diam., cortice cinereo obducti. Foliorum
limbus 40-65 em. x L:8-2:5 em. (rarissime 8:0 cm.); petioli
0:5 em. long. Stipule sepe adusque O'S em. long. Calyeuli
pars exterior interiorem :quans, ambo in toto 0:3 em. long. ;
hujus lobi 0°15 em. long. Calycis tubus (ovarium) 0-075 cm.
long.; limbi pars indivisa 0:18 cm., lobi 0'2 em. long. Corolle
tubus intus puberulus, 07 em. long., basi 0:1 em. faucibus 0225
em. diam., lobi 0-4 em. long. Anthere 0:3 cm., stylus 0*3 cm.,
ejus rami 0'12 em. long.

Somewhat aberrant from the genus on account of the sessile
anthers, though agreeing with it in all other respects, Among
other points the long subulate teeth to the calyculus and calyx
afford an casy means of distinguishing the plant.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.
Piare 13. Polyspheria zombensis, S. Moore,

l. View of a branch of the plant, nat. size. 2. A calyx with its investing
ealyculus. 3. A flower. 4. A corolla opened, showing the stamens. 5. Style
and stigma. 6. Ovary in longitudinal section showing the single pendulous
ovule in either cell.

Prate 14.

A. Bembycodium Athanasie, Kunze. B. Sphenogyne brachyloha, Kunze.

Both these are from specimens in the British Museum derived from the
Leipzig Garden. A. Fig. 1. A detached floret. 2. Two anthers. 3. Style.
B. Fig. 4. An outer scale of the involucre showing only a very faintly
indicated membranous edge.

PLATE l5. Dicoma radiata, Less.

l. A view of a portion of the plant, nat. size. 2. One of the neutral
bilabiate florets frora the circumference of ahead. 3. Achene and pappus of a
circumferential floret. 4. One of the central hermaphrodite aetinomorphie
florets. 5. Anther from same ; and 6, stigmatic arms. 7. A ripe achene from
the centre of the head, showing its comparatively short pappus of very
numerous hairs,

330 MR. B. HAYATA ON A

On Taiwania, a New Genus of Conifere from the Island of
Formosa. By Buxzo Havafa, Tokyo. (Communicated
by Dr. Maxwzrr T. Masters, F.R.S., F.L.S.)

[Read 5th April, 1906.]
(PrATE 16.)

Tue very interesting Conifer described in this paper was kindly
sent to me by Mr. N. Konishi, Government Expert of Formosa.
It was obtained by him with several other species on the
western slope of Mt. Morrison, at an altitude of 2000 metres.

Tatwanta*, Hayata, n. g.

Flores monoici? d ..... @.Strobilus subglobosus, bracteis
minutissimis; squam:e multiseriate laxiuscule spiraliter imbri-
cate parum indurate apice squarroso-patentes persistentes
obovate apice leviter mucronate basi cuneate. Semina ad medium
squamarum fertilium 2 reversa oblonga, testa coriacea duriuseula,
ala angusta cincta; embryo 2-cotyledoneus.—Arbor semper-
virens dense foliata, ramis patentibus. Folia squameformia
spiraliter conferta adnato-decurrentia, in ramis vegetis anguste
lineari-falcata incurvo-erecta 4-gona, angulo dorsali prominente.
Strobilus terminalis.

TAIWANIA CRYPTOMERIOIDES, Hayata, n. sp. Arbor. Folia
polymorpha, rami adulti squameformia triangularia breviter acuta
carinata 5 mm. longa, 8 mm. lata per totam fere faciem ramo
adnata; ramuli superioris faleato-incurva decurrentia 6 mm. longa,
3 mm. lata ; rami vegeti aceroso-linearia latere compressa superne
et subtus carinata, rhombeo-tetragona in sectione, 15 mm. longa.
Strobilus subglobosus, 10-13 mm. longus, squamis numerosis 15,
parum induratis margine tenuibus, apice mucronatis obcordatis
vel obeonieis 8 mm. longis, 5 mm. latis, basi additis bracteis
minutissimis, squamis inferioribus vaeuis minoribus. Semina
oblonga cum alis 6 mm. in longitudine, alis utrinque sinuatis ;
albumen carnosum; embryo oblongus, 23 mm. longus; cotyle-
dones 2, plane.

[* The generic name is derived from Taiwan, the Chinese name of the
Island of Formosa; the generic name was originally and provisionally given
as Taiwanites, an appellation now suppressed in favour of the permanent name
Taiwania.]

o
TS
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oc.JounN. Bor Vor. XXXVIL P1.16.

a AE TCR 6
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B Hayata del. West N mu
oN Fitch lbh. West,Newman imp

TATWANTA ORYPTOMERIOLIDES.

NEW GENUS OF CONIFERAE. 331

Hab. Ushoko, Shorinzan, Rinkiho, ad pedem montis Morrison
ad 2000 m., leg. N. Konishi (Feb. anr.o 1904).

This plant is very interesting on account of the remarkable
form of the cones, which differ from those of any genus at present
known to me, so that it is very difficult to establish clearly its
relation with other forms.

The habit is that of Cryptomeria, while the cone bears some
resemblance to that of Cunninghamia. In external appearance
the cone is like that of Tsuga, but differs so greatly in its
structure, that tbis hardly needs pointing out.

So far as my knowledge extends, the plant comes nearest to
Cunninghamia in the structure of its cones, as seen in the
arrangement of the seminiferous scales, in the presence of the
minute bract *, in the attachment and position of the ovule, and
in the shape of the seed, wing, albumen, and embryo. But it
differs from that genus in the absence of the secondary squama
and in the number of the ovules (two on each scale). These two
points and the even more strikingly different habit of the plaut
do not allow me to place it in Cunninghamia, and it seems better
to regard the plant as representing a new genus, Taiwania.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 16.
Fig.

1. Fragment of a branch, natural size.
2. Fragment of a young branch, natural size.
3. Leaves from a fertile branch, enlarged.
4. Leaf from a young sterile branch.
5. Scales of the cone with minute bracts at the base.
6. Scale seen from within, showing two winged seeds.
7. Scale showing two winged seeds, one partially hidden behind the other.
8. Scale from the inner side, seeds taken off, showing the traces where
the seeds were attached.
9. Scale of a young cone with two abortive ovules.
10. Ovule showing its reversed position.
11. Seed.
12. Albumen.
13. Embryo.
(Figs. 2 to 13 enlarged.)

* Cunninghamia is described as having “ Bractesm distincts nulle" or
“ Bractez null; " in “ Sieb. et Zucc. Fl. Jap. ii. pp. 6 et 8,” and in * G. Gordon,
The Pinetum, p. 76," as “ without bracts.” But I convinced myself that there
is often, if not always, a minute bract at the base of each scale. [See Masters,
in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. vol. xxx. (1895) p. 25.]

LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII. 24

332 ON WIDDRINGTONTA EQUISETIFORMIS.

Correction of Widdringtonia equisetiformis to Callitris robusta.
By Maxwzr, T. MasrEns, M.D., F.R.S., F.L.S.

Ix the Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany, vol. xxxvii.
(1905) p. 271, I published a description of what I then considered
to be a new species of Widdringtonia, under the name of
W. equisetiformis. I had, on a previous page, noted it as
exceptional in its characters and as serving to break down the
distinction between the Australian genus Callitris and the South
African Widdringtonia. lam indebted to Mr. R. T. Baker, of
the Technological Museum, Sydney, for pointing out that my
supposed new species is not a true native of South Africa, but
that it has been introduced from Australia and is none other
than Callitris robusta. I believe Mr. Baker is right in his
suggestion, and in making the necessary correction I am pleased
to find the distinction between the two genera thus satisfactorily
confirmed and not invalidated by an interloper.

19th May, 1900.

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The collection of title-slips for the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland as regards

BOTANY

has been undertaken by the Council of the Linnean Society,
and they appeal to all botanic workers for support in their
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The fourth volume, for 1904, is now in the press.

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THE JOURNAL

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THE LINNEAN SOCIETY.

J

Vor. XXXVII. . BOTANY. No. 261,

CONTENTS.
Page

I. Ecology of Woodland Plants in the N eighbourhood of
Huddersfield. (Figs. 1-70.) By T. W. WooDHEAD,

BLS. o aa Ee Aor SaN aeo r aAA A SENEE EE LEETE I 933

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ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 833

Ecology of Woodland Plants in the N guo póod of
Huddersfield. (Figs. 1-70.) By T. W. Woopuk4p, F.L.S.*

[Read 15th December, 1904.]

TABLE or CONTENTS,
Introduction: p. 333.
Ecology in Britain: p. 335.
I. Woodland Vegetation Maps: p. 336.
(a) A typical Mixed Deciduous Wood in the Coal-Measure
Area: p. 336,
Maps showing distribution of Dominant Trees, Bracken
(Pteris aquilina), Bluebell (Seitla festalis), Soil and Grasses,
(b) A typical Mixed Deciduous Wood of the Plateau and
Slopes of the Millstone-Grit Area: p. 347.
Distribution of the Dominant Woodland Trees and Plants of
the Undergrowth in the Huddersfield District: p. 350.
(a) Cotton-Grass Zone of the Moss Moor: p. 357.
(^) Heather Zone of the Millstone-Grit Plateau: p. 960.
(c) The Coal-Measure Area: p. 362.
Distribution of the Plants of the Millstone-Grit and Coal-
Measure Areas as affected by Soils: p. 363.
IL. Effect of Environment on Structure: p. 366,
(a) Dominant Species :—
Pteris aquilina, Leaf, Leaf-stalk, Rhizome: p. 368.
Scilla festalis, Leaf, Abciss-layer, Elongated Bulbs: p. 379.
Deschampsia flexuosa, Leaf: p. 388.
Holcus mollis, Leaf: p. 385.
Vaccinium Myrtillus, Leaf: p. 387.
(b) Secondary and Subordinate Species :—
Heracleum Sphondylium, Leaf: p. 891.
Lamium Galeobdolon, Leaf: p. 393.
Mercurialis perennis, Leaf: p. 394.
Summary : p. 395.
Bibliography : p. 399.
List of Illustrations: p. 404.
INTRODUCTION.

Tue study of plant associations is being vigorously proseeuted
in Britain at the present time, and several parts of the country
have been surveyed. These surveys cover fairly extensive areas,
and the results so far have been indicated on 3-inch or 1-inch to
the mile maps.

The aim of the present investigation has been to pay special
attention to a small area and examine in some detail features
* This paper has been accepted as a dissertation for the degree of Ph.D, by
the University of Zürich.

LINN. JOURN.—BDOTANY, VOL. XXXVII. 2B

334 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE

which had to be omitted altogether or only slightly dealt with
in the primary surveys, and thus determine whether more
detailed work would lead to profitable results. While the object
of the primary survey was to illustrate the chief plant associations,
the present paper rather attempts to bring out the dominant
factors affecting the distribution and modifications of a limited
number of the commonest species which form the undergrowth
of our woodlands. The distribution of these has been traced in
the uneultivated areas of a small portion of the West Riding of
Yorkshire to the South and West of Huddersfield, a district
ineluded in the Survey by Smith & Moss (Leeds & Halifax
District), and reference should be made to this for a general
account of the vegetation of the district.

The area selected is favourable in that it affords considerable
variation in altitude (1700 to 250 feet), in rainfall (50 to 32
inches), in temperature (42? F. to 47°5 F.), in exposure to pre-
vailing winds, in soil conditions—e. g., deep ill-drained peat,
shallow, relatively dry peat, humus, and soils derived from the
denudation of coarse millstone-grit, fine-grained coal-measure
sandstones, shales, and clays; and hence there are considerable
differences in available water and inorganic salts for plant-food.

The study also throws light on the changes that have occurred
in the vegetation of the district as a result of altered conditions.

The problems to be considered therefore were the investigation
of the conditions affecting the distribution of the common plants
of the undergrowth with reference to soil, moisture, exposure to
wind, light, and shade, and to compare the tissues of the several
species occurring under these various conditions. The species
examined included, among others: Bracken (Pteris aquilima,
Linn.), Bluebell (Scilla festalis, Salisb.), Quick or Creeping Soft
Grass (Holcus mollis, Linn.), Wavy Hair-Grass (Deschampsia
flecuosa, Trin.), Bilberry (Vaccinium Myrtillus, Linn.), Dog’s
Mercury (Mercurialis perennis, Linn.), Yellow Dead-nettle
(Lamium Galeobdolon, Crantz), and Hog-weed or Cow-Parsnip
(Heracleum Sphondylium, Linn.).

A very considerable amount of detailed work remains to be
done in every branch of the subject, especially with regard to
soils. The observations here recorded can, therefore, only be
regarded as preliminary to more extensive work ; and it 1s also
important that similar examinations should be made of other
selected areas and compared, for it is only by such comparisons
that we can hope to arrive at the most satisfactory results.

ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 335

Some of the observations contained in this paper were
communicated to Section K (Botany) at the Southport Meeting
of the British Association in 1903, and further results communi-
cated to that Section at the Cambridge Meeting in 1904.

A prolonged absence from England has occasioned delay in
the publieation of this paper. Since its completion several
important contributions have appeared or have come to my
notice, and I have taken the opportunity to include references
to many of them. In this connection I wish to thank Prof.
Hans Schinz of the University of Zürich, and Prof. C. Schröter
of the Polytechnieum, Zürich, for their kindness in granting me
permission to use the excellent libraries connected with these
and other institutions.

Ecoroax rw BRITAIN.

In 1836 Hewitt Cottrell Watson contributed a short paper (98)
to a discussion, initiated by R. B. Hinds (48) the previous year,
on the construction of Maps illustrating the distribution of
plants. The ideas in the minds of botanists at the time were
concerned chiefly with mapping species. Watson’s knowledge
of the distribution of plants, however, led him to see that two
methods were possible. Not only could the distribution of
species be thus indicated, but maps of a very different type
could be produced which would indicate vegetation. Although
thisidea was in Watson's mind, it was eventually erowded out in
a statistical study of the distribution of species (100).

The present study of Plant Associations and Ecology in
Britain, as elsewhere, has been based upon and greatly influenced
by the admirable work of Warming (102), about which it is
impossible to speak too highly. The works of other Continental
botanists have also had a marked effect, especially those of
Beck (4), Drude (25), Flahault (29), Graebner (36), Kerner (52),
Schróter (84), and Schimper (33). Running close upon these
are the researches of American Ecologists, who have recently
shown great activity in this direction; and the publications
of Pound and Clements (79), Cowles (18), Harshberger (44),
Ganong (33), MacMillan (63), and others have taken a permanent
place amongst the contributions to this subject. For a more
extended bibliography a recent paper by Clements (14), also his
excellent ‘Research Methods in Ecology’ (15), may be usefully
consulted, as well as numerous papers during recent years in
the * Botanical Gazette.’ Although these deal often with areas

2522

336 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE

widely removed from the one under consideration, they contain
abundant observations capable of general application, and I have
profited much by their perusal.

But the influence, direct and indirect, of Flahault is especially
noteworthy, for it was through his pupil Robert Smith that
the study of plant associations first gained a permanent footing
here.

Smith applied Flahault’s system in Scotland, and in this new
area found it necessary to somewhat modify it, and eventually
he produced the first vegetation map in Britain, dealing with
the Edinburgh district (86). Unfortunately, on the eve of
publication of a second map dealing with Northern Perthshire
(87) he died, and the study of Plant Geography was much the
poorer by the loss of an able and most enthusiastic worker.
However, the subject was at once taken in hand by his brother,
William G. Smith, who has since actively continued the work,
not only in Scotland, where other maps dealing with Forfar and
Fife have been published (87), but two areas in West Yorkshire
(88, 89) have also been mapped with the assistance of C. E. Moss
and W. M. Rankin, and other areas in the North of England
by F. J. Lewis (57); while in the ‘ Flora of Halifax’ an interesting
account of the vegetation of the parish is given by W. B. Crump
(20). To all these [ am indebted in many ways, and to the
suggestions of Dr. W. G. Smith; whilst to Prof. C. Schróter I
am especially indebted for much help in connection with the
literature dealing with the various branches of the subject, and
l have profited much by his kindly criticisms.

I.—WoonprANp VEGETATION Mars.

a. A typical Mixed Deciduous Wood in the
Coal-Measure Area.

The broad features of the vegetation having thus been studied,
it has been my endeavour to carry the problem a step further
by paying special attention to a very limited area.

The first attempts were made to map in detail the dominant
plants in a small wood, and Birks Wood (a portion of the
somewhat extensive Woodsome Woods near Huddersfield) was
selected, as being most accessible. For this purpose several
tracings were made from the 25-inch survey map, and on these
the distribution of the commonest species was indicated. The

ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 337

first map (fig. 1, p. 338) indicates the distribution of the dominant
trees, the dotted areas showing the distribution of shade trees,
chiefly Sycamore (Acer Pseudo-platanus), Elm (Ulmus montana),
and Beech (Fagus sylvatica). The lines show the distribution
of Oak. A few other species are indicated by signs.

In making a primary examination to determine the shade-
areas, photographic printing-paper was used.

A piece of printing-paper was exposed to bright light for
ten seconds and this was used as a standard... This shade (as
seen through the glass to be used) was copied as carefully as
possible in oil-colour and then cut up into small pieces. Printing-
frames were made of 3 x 1 inch glass slips backed with opaque
paper in such a way as to form envelopes or pockets with glass
fronts. A piece of the standard colour was pushed down to
the lower end of the pocket, the upper half receiving a strip of
printing-paper. The frames when filled were taken into the
wood and a preliminary test made in the open; then a set was
exposed simultaneously in the area to be examined, and a record
taken of the time required to print to the depth of the standard.
A somewhat similar but more elaborate method was devised by
Wiesner (107), but his paper did not come to my notice until
after these observations were made.

Considerable differences were found under the same species of
tree in different parts of the wood, owing to the condition of the
tree, the mode of its growth, closeness of planting, and the like.
Again, the “ Mosaic” of illuminated and shaded areas under the
tree introduced another disturbing element and made it difficult
to indicate in numbers the precise amount of shade produced for
a given species; but so obvious was the difference between
groups of trees composed of Acer, Ulmus, and Fagus on the one
hand, and those consisting.of Quercus and Betula on the other,
and so frequently did these species occur in masses together,
that to indicate the former as a “ shade "-area and the latter as
a “ light "-area gave a useful working basis.

Cieslar (12) has shown, by using Wiesner's method, how great
is the effect of shade on the production of humus and in in-
fluencing the number of species occurring under a given tree.
He was, however, working under the very uniform conditions
of planted Beech forests of determined ** Durchforstungsgrad,”
and numbers under these conditions could more easily be given.

The next step was to map the undergrowth, and after several

338 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE

unsuccessful attempts to show the distribution of the various
species on one map, it was decided to map the more abundant
species separately. The commonest and most striking plant is
the Bracken (Pteris aquilina), and it was therefore taken first.
Fig. 2 shows its distribution. A comparison of the tree-map
with this suggested unmistakably that the distribution of
Braeken was determined to a considerable extent by the
dominant tree: that under trees with an open canopy like Oak
and Birch, which, while affording much protection, admit a
large amount of light, the Bracken flourishes ; but under trees

Fig. 1.

oo Fagus sylvatica .
aon s montana.
^A Acer pseudoplatanus.

AAA Copuzors.

Birks Woop.
Map showing the distribution of Trees,

with a close canopy, such as Sycamore, Elm, and Beech, much
light is eut off; and a comparison of figs. 1 and 2 will show that
in these areas Bracken is almost or entirely absent—that is, the
shade produced is evidently an important factor in limiting its
distribution.

Thirty years ago little or no Bracken occurred here, but at
that time there was an extensive shrubby undergrowth, espe-
cially of Hazel. The depredations of rabbits, however, was such

ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 339

as to practically exterminate the shrubs, and the increased light
thus admitted favoured the development of Bracken, until at
the present time its distribution is limited, as shown in fig. 2.
Similar changes have taken plaee over extensive areas in the
adjoining Woodsome Woods.

Another interesting illustration of the effect of trees on the
distribution of plants is found in the Woods at Honley.

Twenty years ago the thickly planted Pines produced such a
dense shade that the ground beneath was practically devoid of

Birks Woop.
Map showing the distribution of Pteris aquilina, Linn.

vegetation, the deep shade favouring the accumulation of consider-
able humus. Since then, thinning has taken place in a portion of
the wood to the west, thus exposing the remaining pines to the
prevailing winds. This, together with the ravages made by the
pine-bark beetle and some felling of the pines, has gradually
admitted light, thus favouring the development of Bracken.
It has made inroads from the adjacent wood, slowly pushing its
way, until at the present time it forms a dense sheet in the

940 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE

Birks Woop,
Map showing the distribution of Scilla festalis.

Fig. 4.

NSN Dank D
d Cayey De
DOM m Mumus over locum.

Bmxs Woop.—Soil Map.

ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 341

lighter part of the wood, thinning out under the deeper shade
of the less injured pines.

The Bracken must have long been a characteristic plant iu
this zone, as the peat, in places a foot in thickness, consists so
extensively of the remains of this plant that we might fairly call
it Bracken peat.

It has, as associates, the xerophytes of the plateau, Deschampsia
flexuosa, Calluna Erica, Vaccinium Myrtillus, &c.

We will now apply this method to another species.

Fig. 3 shows the distribution of Scilla festalis in Birks Wood.
Here we see that its occurrence is only partially influenced by
the dominant trees. It is abundant under Sycamore and Oak
in certain areas, thinning out in others. Light was evidently
not the only factor, so other conditions were examined. In
certain parts of the wood, changes of soils being pretty well
marked, an attempt was made to construct a soil-map. In fig. 4
we have the result. The details were obtained by means of an
augur 13 inch in diameter and with a G-inch thread to which
iron rods were screwed. A similar borer is figured by Hall (43).
The area was paced and borings made at intervals of 10 yards.
The sketch-map was ruled in corresponding squares and results
added *. As will be seen, the soil along the northern half of
the wood consists of a shallow sandy loam resting on a bed
of Elland flagstone quarried at the two extremities A and B.
This area therefore is well drained, relatively dry, and the soil
covered with only a thin layer of sandy humus; while the soils
over the rest of the area consist of firmer, more clayey loam
resting on a bed of clay, and in the parts indicated it is covered
by 6 inches or more of humus. The well-known spongy pro-
perties of humus, coupled with the fact that such fine-grained
soils as occur here are able not only to retain, but even raise
water above the underground level, renders this area relatively
moist.

On comparing this with the Scilla map, it will be seen that
the plant is most abundant in a loamy soil covered by six inches
or more of humus. The overshadowing trees are Oak with a
considerable admixture of Sycamore, and it is thus an area of
moderate shade. Along the nortbern edge of this the humus
is very thin, on a dark sandy loam, the trees are Elm and Beech,

* Oliver & Tansley (75) have recently given an interesting account of a
method of surveying vegetation by means of squares, adopted by them in the
survey of the Bouche d'Erquy.

342 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE

and notwithstanding the deep shade of the latter the plant is
still common. To the north-east humus is absent altogether
the soil consisting of a clayey loam resting on stiff clay, becoming
slightly more sandy, with humus in patches to the extreme east.
In the stiff clayey soil the Bluebell distinctly thins out, and
here it competes with Yellow Dead-nettle (Lamium Galeobdolon),
Dog’s Mercury (Mercurialis perennis), and Arum maculatum,
together with numerous root-branches of small trees, between
which the bulbs of Scilla are often tightly packed, though they

Fig. 5.

AAAA Ter :
NN floleus mellis.

VV Deschempsia Reruosa,

ee |

Birks Woop.
Map showing the distribution of Holcus mollis and Deschampsia flexuosa,

not uncommonly escape this competition by penetrating more
deeply in spite of the stiffness of the soil. Another deter-
mining factor is the deep shade of the trees in this area, con-
sisting of Beech, Elm, Sycamore, and Elder. The remainder of
the wood to the north and west has a shallow sandy soil mixed
with humus, there being little or no humus as a distinct layer
on the surface, hence its power of holding water is greatly
reduced. This soil lies immediately above a bed of Elland
flagstone quarried at A and B (fig. 4). In this area Scilla only
occurs in small straggling patches. Its chief competitor here

ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 843

is Deschampsia flexuosa, the dense, dry, wiry tussocks of which
form an unfavourable medium for the germination of the seeds
of Scilla; and although the two species are frequently found
together, Scilla very rarely forms those unbroken sheets so
characteristic of the moist areas and when associated with Holcus
mollis. The thinning-out of this species in woods with a very
shallow sandy soil, as in many of the woods in the gritstone
area, is very striking.

A. comparison of the soil-map with the bracken-map shows
that a change of soils and accompanying conditions do not offer
here a barrier to this species.

Fig. 5 shows the distribution of common grasses. The grass
vegetation is composed mainly of two species. In the moister
parts, where the soils consist of fairly thick humus over loam, is
Holcus mollis. In the drier parts to the north, especially where
the ground is in rounded mounds with shallow, well-drained,
sandy soil mixed with humus, Deschampsia flexuosa dominates.
Along with this are scattered such xerophytes as Galium
saxatile, Linn., Vaccinium Myrtillus, Linn., Calluna Erica, DC.,
and Teucrium Scorodonia, Linn. Here and there Holcus makes
deep inroads into this area, occupying chiefly the moister humus-
covered hollows.

Tt will be seen, on comparing maps 2, 3, and 5, that Holcus
mollis, Bracken (P. aquilina), and Bluebell (S. festalis) often
occupy the same area and appear to be in competition with each
other, but closer examination shows this is not the case. We
have here a well-marked society or sub-association, the species
of which are admirably adapted to each other's requirements.
Holcus is a surface-plant (fig. 6, p. 344), its long rhizomes
running in the loose leaf-mould, as may be determined by the ease
with which it is uprooted. Beneath this in the deeper humus
are the rhizomes of the Bracken, often running along the upper
surface of or just within the loam, forming a distinct Bracken
layer, the decay of its fronds contributing an annual quota for
its higher associates ; while in the firm loam below are the bulbs
of Scilla, though often we find in the Holcus and Bracken layers
young bulbs on their way downwards. Their soil requirements,
their modes of life, their periods of active vegetative growth, their
times of flowering and fruiting, are for the most part different.
The unbroken sheets of blue when Scilla is in flower in early
spring, followed in the summer by equally continuous sheets of
Pteris, form the most striking features in the woodland vegetation

344 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE

of this district. Thus, in many respects, each species is not within
the sphere of influence of the other, and they flourish aecordingly.
Competition such as it is goes on between individuals of the
same species. When, however, Pteris increases in density, the
tendency is to markedly reduce the flowering activity of Holcus.
Its tips early show signs of withering, its period of vegetative
growth is limited, and eventually its distribution becomes
stricted. In the late winter and early spring, however, it grows
apace and makes great headway before the Bracken develops.

Fig. 6.

D

Vertical Section of Soil in dense Scilla area: Holcus,
Pteris, and Scilla layers.

The chief elements in the Meso-pteridetum of the moist Coal-Measure
Oak Woods, showing their relations to each other in the soil.

These observations support those of Areschoug (1), Rimbach
(81), P. E. Müller (72), and others, a very useful suminary of
whose work has been given by Oliver (74), and more recently,
with further interesting results, by Massart (65).

This association or Meso-pteridetum is very characteristic of

ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 945

the moist Coal-Measure Oak woods in the West Riding of
Yorkshire, and forms what we may call a complementary
association; the subaerial parts, as we have seen, are edaphically
complementary, the aerial parts being seasonally complementary.

Maedougal (62) recently made a study of temperatures at
different depths, with the view of showing the extremes to which
the different parts of plants are subjected, and found a consider-
able range. He records that in New York during the months
of October, November, and December, 1902, the ground was at
times frozen at a depth of one foot. Mr. Charles Brook has
kindly supplied me with readings for a corresponding period
taken by him at Harewood Lodge, Meltham, which will serve to
indicate the variations in this district. Rarely is the ground
frozen here to a depth of a foot, but this, however, did occur
in February 1895, when the ground was frozen to a depth of
20 inches for 13 days. Probably not since 1809 has so low a
temperature been recorded here. Maximum temperatures on
the grass were not taken, but I give the maximum and minimum
at 4 feet above the grass.

The relatively slight variations seen to occur at one foot, and
still less at two feet, below the surface will obviously be an
advantage to deep-rooted plants, especially to those vegetating
early in the year. In this connection it is interesting to note
that of the three plants of this association, the first to make
its appearance (Scilla festalis), and therefore most likely to be
injured by early frosts on account of its early vegetative growth
and flowering, is the one most deeply rooted and also, as we shall
see, possesses for all practical purposes an unfreezable sap.

Temperatures (° F.) recorded at Harewood Lodge, Meltham.
Altitude 510 feet.

Absolute monthly maximum and minimum temperatures
at 4 feet above the grass.
1902. 1903.
June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. | Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May.
79:2 76:3 700 735 609 549 548 | 51-7 549 620 587 75-9 Max.
390 874 387 342 330 279 164 | 180 298 305 266 320 Min.
469 289 813 593 279 270 384 | 33-7 251 3815 321 43-9 Diff

Absolute minimum temperatures recorded on the grass.
Maximum temperatures not taken.
270 323 3250 289 27:5 201 141 | 160 287 230 187 270

346 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE

Maximum and minimum temperatures recorded at 9 A.M.
One foot below the grass.*

1902. 1903.
June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. | Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May.
607 601 562 57:2 51-2 478 432 | 408 435 447 448 536 Max.
497 540 531 505 463 387 360 345 377 386 392 458 Min.
110 61 31 67 49 91 72) 63 58 61 56 98Dif.

Maximum and minimum temperatures recorded at 9 A.M.
Two feet below the grass.*
59:0 587 555 559 51:3 479 435 | 405 435 442 445 524 Max.
492 530 53:4 512 473 407 380 | 357 387 396 408 446 Min.
98 48 21 47 40 72 55 48 48 46 37 78 Diff.

For purposes of comparison, woods in other parts of the
district were examined and similar maps prepared on the same
scale; these were Molly Carr Woods and Haigh Spring Wood
in the Coal-Measure Area, and Armitage Bridge Woods, Honley
Woods, and Hagg Wood, on the edge of the Millstone-Grit
Plateau. These gave the same results, except that in some areas
indicated as Sandstone on the Geological Map it was found, on
examining the soils, that these beds were overlaid in great part
by moist clayey loam and considerable humus, and not by a dry
sandy soil asin Birks Wood. The trees, too, in these parts of
the woods are frequently shade-trees, hence in areas which from a
Geological map might be expected to produce xerophytic grasses
and their associates, the ground was dominated by mesophytes.
These features occur not uncommonly throughout the Coal-
Measure area. The detailed study, even of a small area,
shows the importance, not only of the edaphic influences in
determining the composition of the flora, but also that the
distribution of the dominant species is the result of many
interacting and complex forces.

* These do not represent absolute Maxima and Minima; the readings are
taken at 9 a.m., which is the coldest hour of the day for Earth Temperatures.
In the six summer months the absolute Maxima are perhaps one or two
degrees higher; the Minima are probably not far from absolute Minima. In
some respects the results are unusual. February and March were both very
mild months, and April was abnormally cold, so that it was actually a trifle
colder than both the preceding months.

ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 347

b. A typical Mixed Deciduous Wood of the Plateau and Slopes
of the Millstone-Grit Area.

Figs. 7 and 8 (pp. 348, 349) of Armitage Bridge Woods
ilustrate the characteristic features of the woods skirting the
edge of the Gritstone Plateau.

The three portions of this woodland are known by distinctive
names, as is common in the woods of the district generally.
They surround that portion of the plateau known as Netherton
Moor, cut off from the main tableland by the stream in Dean
Clough to the north, by Mag Brook to the south, this stream
joining the River Holme, which forms the eastern boundary.
The plateau is under cultivation, but skirting the margin and
covering the slopes are the relics of the primitive vegetation.
As shown by the contour-lines, the altitude at the edge of the
plateau is 550 feet. It then suddenly drops to 375 ft., or about
2in 5. The upper portion has a very shallow sandy soil covered
with a thin layer of peat, and succeeded below by shales and
clays overlaid with deeper moister soils. The distribution of
trees is shown in fig. 7. In Old Spring Wood and Spring Wood
the dominant tree is Oak, with an admixture of Birch and Pine,
and while Oak is the dominant tree in Mag Wood, areas to the
north and east are occupied by shade-trees, Sycamore (Acer
Pseudo-platanus, Linn.), Elm (Ulmus montana, Stokes), and
Beech (Fagus sylvatica, Linn.) The characteristic plants of
the undergrowth are shown in fig. 8, and they are Deschampsia
Jiexuosa, Pteris aquilina, Calluna Erica, Vaccinium Myrtillus,
and Holcus mollis. A reference to this map will show clearly
the effect on the vegetation of the changed conditions in a very
short distance. While the distribution of Bracken seems to be
limited to a large extent by the shade-trees, obviously other
factors come into play to limit its distribution in the Oak areas.
In the higher parts of the wood, where the soil is shallow,
sandy, and covered with a thin layer of peat, Bracken oceurs in
patches and is in competition with Ling and Bilberry; their
rhizomes must of necessity occupy practically the same layer,
and frequently we find them interlacing. Here we have a Xero-
pteridetum, the elements of which are not complementary ; they
form what we may term a competitive association, sometimes
one, sometimes the other species dominating. Below this is a
transition region, from the sandstones to the shales and clays ;

348 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE

the steep slopes are covered with fallen blocks of stone, the soil
contains a considerable admixture of sand and is well drained
and relatively dry. The Xerophytes are thus carried over the
shales a considerable distance, thinning out in the moister lower
parts of the wood. Here, in deeper soil, Bracken no longer

Fig. 7.

-
-7

^ Netherton Moor:
282-7

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'
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i
D
D

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(ee ee errr re ee ele

competes with rhizomatous plants, and thus forms an unbroken
sheet with mesophyte associates, e.g. Holcus mollis, Scilla
Jfestalis, Lamium Galeobdolon, &c., a complementary association
or Meso-pteridetum. This is well seen in Spring Wood. In
Mag Wood, where the soil conditions are favourable to the

ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 349

development of Bracken, it is, except for a few patches, eut
out to the north by deep shade. Here, with deeper humus
and therefore with increased moisture, the tendency is for the
Mesophytes to ascend above the limit of the shales, and in
the area indicated, where normally we might expect a xerophytie
undergrowth, the deep shade of the beeches is such that Scilla

DTI mt anf sca pt
Meso Pteris dominant,
HS detu eris dominent
xxx Qunplrts dominant. Deschampsia
xxx | with Calluna „Erica , Vaccinium, etc.
ANAN Scilla festalis dominant.

eee eee

(a very attenuated form) is the only plant in possession of the
ground.

Old Spring Wood has been greatly disturbed by quarrying
operations &c., but in spite of great interference by man the
dominant plants are those characteristic of the plateau.

LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII. 2c

350 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE

Distribution of Dominant Woodland Trees and Plants of the
Undergrowth in the Huddersfield District.

Having determined some of the chief factors influencing the
distribution of woodland plants iu typical areas, it remained
to extend the observations over a wider area, and so discover
to what extent the results were capable of more general
application. Consequently similar observations were carried
on over an area of 66 square miles and the results recorded
on maps of 6-inches to the mile scale.

This area is included in sheets 259 N.E. and S.E. 260,
261 N.W. and S.W., 271 N.E., and 272 N.W. and N.E. of the
6-inches to the mile Ordnance-Survey maps.

The two maps (figs. 9 & 10, pp. 352-3) show these details on
a greatly reduced scale. This reduction, however, made it
impossible to indicate the many small details studied ; this will
be easily understood if they are compared with the sketch-maps,
figs. 1-5 and 7 &8*. "The map (fig. 9) shows the distribution
of the dominant trees, viz.:—Coniferous trees, chiefly Pinus
sylvestris, Oak (Quercus Robur, Linn.), and Birch ( Betula verru-
cosa, Ehrh.); and shade-trees, chiefly Sycamore (Acer Pseudo-
platanus, Linn.), Elm ( Ulmus montana, Stokes), and Beech (Fagus
sylvatica, Linn.). Areas are also indicated where trees occur
buried in peat, these are chiefly Birch.

On comparing this with the undergrowth map (fig. 10) we see
that the area covered by trees is relatively limited, while that
covered by plants which are common in the undergrowth of
the woodiands is much greater, especially to the west—i. e.,
species like Bracken (Pteris aquilina, Linn.), Deschampsia, Ling
(Calluna Erica, DC.), and Bilberry (Vaccinium Myrtillus, Linn.)
cover large tracts in a comparatively treeless region. We also
see that while Bracken is absent commonly under shade-trees,
it is not infrequently found there, and, on the other hand, it is
not uncommonly absent under trees with an open canopy.

The distribution of Vaccinium Myrtillus is very interesting,
especially when considered in the light of observations on its
distribution elsewhere and the history of the vegetation in this

* In working out these details in the field I found it necessary to have a
number of duplicate maps on which to record preliminary observations and
build up the facts. To avoid the cost of many Survey Maps, tracings of the
necessary areas were prepared and these were used as “ negatives” from which

the required number of prints were made on Thornton's Universal Photo-
paper; these proved very useful.

ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 351

district. It is primarily a humus plant, and its distribution
depends on the presence of humus. As I have previously shown
(109), and as Stahl (93) has since independently observed, the
plant has Mycorhiza on its roots. Stebler & Volkart (94), in
their study of the “ Matten und Weiden der Schweiz,” made
a statistical analysis of the species composing the several forma-
tions there, together with the influence of shade on their dis-
tribution. With reference to the occurrence of this species,
they say: “Im Tieflande in Wäldern, in den Alpen im lichten
Alpenwalde.” We also find it in such situations in the
Huddersfield district, but we see, on reference to the map
(fig. 10), that there is a very considerable development also
in open moorland areas outside our present woodlands. In
Switzerland, however, it avoids the open sunny situations to
such an extent that Stebler & Volkart apply to it the term
“lichtfiirchtend.” This, however, seems too sweeping, for on
p. 29 of the same contribution they say “Sie kommen in den
Alpen im Freien vor, weil hier die Bildung des ihnen unum-
ginglich notwendigen Humus unter giinstigen Bedingungen
auch im Freien stattfindet." Still, as I have also observed, in
Switzerland and elsewhere it reaches its greatest development
in the open woods. In this connection, the observations of
Wiesner (107) are of interest. In a brief reference to the
dwarf form of this species (mentioned below, p. 388) which he
often found in the Yellowstone district of North America, he
says it occurred “in der Höhe von Thumb Bay im Schatten des
Waldes und ich verfolgte es so weit, bis es zu verkümmern
begann, also das Minimum des Lichtgenusses aufsuchte, welches

ich —.l. gefunden habe." It is very characteristic of the

16.6
species in the Huddersfield district to avoid the deep shade of
the sycamore-elm-beech woods, even though the necessary
humus is available.

In view of the considerable evidence of the former occurrence
of forest on the Moors of the Huddersfield district, as indicated
below, can it be that its present distribution represents, to some
extent at any rate, the position of previous open forest? In
this connection successful attempts have been recently made,
by Flahault (31), Eblin (27), Sehróter (84), and others, to deter-
mine the limit of previous forest by means of the present
distribution of species typically oecurring in woods, and, as Früh
and Schróter (32) have pointed out, extensive deposits of peat
nowhere occur outside the tree limit.

2c2

362 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE

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ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS.

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854 MR. T. W, WOODHEAD ON THE

This suggested a more extended examination of soils. The
whole area under consideration lies on the Lower Carboniferous
formations. Glacial deposits are entirely absent, and, except
for deposits of peat to be mentioned below, the soils owe their
origin chiefly to the direct denudation of the rocks. Lees (55)
has given an interesting account of the “ Lithology” of West
Yorkshire, giving lists of species characterizing the several soils.
In this he follows Thurman (96) and Baker (2), and finds that
the soils exert a profound influence on the flora, due largely to
their * mechanical" properties and to a much less extent to their
chemical composition. Much has of late been written on this
subject, an interesting summary of which has recently been
given by Solms-Laubach (90). In the present study the works
of Roux (82) and Hall (43) have been found very helpful.

Numerous analyses have been made of the soils in the different
areas treated of in this paper, but the results are as yet too
incomplete to be satisfactorily dealt with here, but they indicate
that physical factors, especially those affecting available water,
here play a more important part than the chemical, and the
question of the influence of lime on vegetation is excluded by
the total absence of these deposits in the district.

On the maps (figs. 9 & 10) the various features considered are
shown only in the areas not under cultivation, from which it is
clearly seen that while the distribution of certain species is
influenced profoundly by the dominant tree, other factors are
strikingly brought out. The extensive development of Pteris,
ericaceous plants, and other xerophytes to the west is in remark-
able contrast to their relative scarcity towards the east, where,
however, they were somewhat better developed formerly than
now, their reduction being due largely to cultivation.

The vegetation of this district will be seen to consist of 3 zones,
using the term zone in the sense applied by Flahault (30), to
indicate the successive stages of vegetation from the base to the
summit of a mountain :—

(1) Tue Moss Moor, which is high, wet, cold, and covered by
deep deposits of peat, the dominant plants being cotton-grasses
(Eriophorum vaginatum and E. angustifolium), and the more
elevated and drier ridges being clothed with Vaccinium Myrtillus,
Empetrum, &c. Bracken-covered slopes, with xerophytic asso-
ciates, connect this zone with No. 2.

(2) Mittstone-Grit PrATEAU.—AÀn ericaceous zone of medium

ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 355

altitude; soils shallow, sandy, dry, in places covered by shallow
peat and exposed to the prevailing winds; the dominant plants
are xerophytes, such as Calluna Erica, Vaccinium Myrtillus,
Deschampsia, &c.

(3) Lower Coat-Mrasure AnEA.—A lower lying zone with
soils deep, often covered by much humus and generally moist ;
the vegetation less exposed and mesophytic in character. The
dominant plants of the undergrowth of the woodlands are Holcus
mollis, Pteris aquilina, Scilla festalis, &c. If we keep strictly
to the geological divisions, we find that the more elevated
portions reach upwards of 1100 ft., and have soil conditions and
climate favouring the development of xerophytes, and so bringing
it within the ericaceous zone.

These three zones correspond nearly, but not quite, to the
Moss Moor and the regions of Oat and Wheat cultivation
respectively, indicated by Smith & Moss (88). The lower part
of the Millstone-Grit plateau lies within the region of Wheat
cultivation, while the elevated parts of the Coal-Measure area
are in the region of Oat cultivation ; though it is interesting to
note that here Wheat cultivation is frequent though very much
less so than formerly, economie conditions being in no small
degree responsible.

As already stated, the rainfall and temperature vary con-
siderably in the three zones, and below are given such obser-
vations as are available.

Rainfall.

Records of rainfall for a long series of years are not available
for the exact areas required for our purpose; but for a limited
period (1890-1901) records are published for several parts of
the Moss Moor :—

Wessenden Head...... 1270 feet. 45:94 inches.
Harden Moss ........ 1212 ,, 4677 ,,
Deerhill ............ 1149 ,, 4477. ,
Butterley (11 years) .. 1110 ,, 41:58 ,

No records are available for the higher altitudes.
For the upper part of the Millstone-Grit arga, three miles to
the east of the Moss Moor, the averages are :—
Blaekmoor Foot ...... 800 feet. 42:16 inches.
Meltham Grange ...... 850 ,, 4031 ,,

For the Coal-Measure area the available records are just

356 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE

beyond the northern boundary of our area. Here records have
been regularly made for upwards of thirty years. For this
period, after deducting the rainfall for abnormal years, the
averages are :—

Huddersfield Cemetery.... 400 feet. ^ 33:00 inches.
Dalton, Huddersfield .... 350 ,, 32:19 ,

Although from lack of records these cannot be compared with
exaetness, they serve to illustrate the fact that of the three
regions the Coal-Measure area has the lowest rainfall, and, as
stated in a letter to me by Mr. Joshua Robson, * every mile you
go westward the total increases." In passing over the Gritstone
area the average rises steadily to about 42 inches, while the
average to the extreme west on the Moss Moor is over 45 inches,
while Lees (55) gives the rainfall of the Pennines generally as
about 55 inches.

Mean Temperatures (° F.) at Harewood Lodge, Meltham, in the
Milistone-Grit Area.
Altitude 510 feet. Lat. 53^ 36’ N., long. 1° 50' W.

Year's

Jan. Feb. Mar. April. May. June. ) mean.
366 3875 397 440 402 557

At 4 feet above grass... July. Aug, Sept. Oct. Nov. Dee. 46:7 for 26 years 1879-1904.
585 578 541 466 422 387-6

. 279 273 294 321 372 435 l sc

On grass TIPP { 40:7 46:1 42-] 36-1 328 98:5 f 30° 9 19 » 1886-1904.
870 371 385 428 485 546

Ata depth of 1 foot È Siy 369 B38 475 430 389 |

380 380 390 428 480 536
Ata depth of 2 feet ..| 259 366 BLI 436 442 dos | 407 „ 20 4 1885-1904.

464 , 20 ,, 1885-1904.

WanuEsT Monti. CorpEsT Monti.
At 4 ft. above... July 1901, 6392 At 4 ft. above... Feb. 1895, 27°-8
On grass ......... July 1899, 49?:8 On grass .......... Feb. 1895, 14?:9
At 1 ft. below ... July 1901, 6090 At l1 ft. below... Feb, 1895, 3292
At 2 ft. below ... Aug. 1899, 59?:3 At 2 ft. below ... Feb. 1895, 33°°6
The absolute highest temperature recorded at 4 feet above grass was 86?'9 on

July 18th, 1901.

The absolute lowest temperature recorded at 4 feet above grass was +0°°5 on
Feb, 8th, 1895.

The absolute lowest on the grass (7. e. on snow), Feb. 8th, 1895, —89:0.

The only time the one-foot thermometer has been below freezing-point was
from Feb. 11th to Feb. 23rd (inclusive), 1895. Lowest 3192, on Feb. 15th,
1895.

Lowest temperature of two-foot thermometer from Feb. 19th to 26th, 1905,
329-9.

ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 957

Mean Temperatures (° F.) taken at Huddersfield Cemetery in
the Coal-Measure Area for the 28 Years 1877-1904.

Altitude 400 feet.
Year's

Jan. Feb. Mar. April. May. "363. | mean.
; 367 877 401 442 497 563
At 4 feet above grass...... July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. | 469
594 584 545 468 417 977 |
For the last eight years, 1897-1904, owing to the relatively high temperature

of the winter months, the yearly average was 47?'8 F.

WINTER AVERAGE. SUMMER AVERAGE.
Dec.-Feb............. 9793 June-August ...... 589-0

No records of temperature are available for the Moss Moor, but estimating the
decrease at the rate estimated by Dalton, viz., 1? Fahr. for each successive
ascent of 100 yards, we may give the temperature of the Moss Moor at
44? F., and for the highest points probably 42° F., while that of the lowest
levels would be 47?'5 F.

I am indebted to Mr. J. Firth for details of rainfall and
temperature taken at the Huddersfield Cemetery, to Mr. Joshua
Robson for the records at Dalton, and for the remainder to
Mr. J. W. Schofield, Waterworks Manager to the Huddersfield
Corporation; while Mr. Charles Brook has kindly supplied me
with the interesting records of temperature taken at Harewood

Lodge, Meltham.

(a) Cotton- Grass Zone of the Moss Moor.

The term Moss Moor has been adopted by W. G. Smith (88)
as the equivalent of the German * Hochmoor " or * Moosmoor,"
a term especially suitable as these moors are often known locally
as “ Mosses "—e. g., Harden Moss, Holme Moss, and Featherbed
Moss, the latter being a very suggestive name when the cotton-
grasses are in fruit.

This region is to the extreme west of the district and is a
portion of the Pennines. The hills run from N. to S. with an
altitude of from 1700 to 1100 feet. The rainfall is high (45
inches or more), and this is therefore an important catchwater
area for the manufacturing towns and villages in the valley
below. The geological formations here are the Kinderscout
grits, and above them extensive deposits of shales and clays.
Developed on these are large beds of deep ill-drained peat
covered almost entirely with cotton-grasses, chiefly Erio-
phorum vaginatum, L., and to a much less extent E. angusti-
folium. These stretch for miles in monotonous characteristically

358 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE

rippled sheets with very few associates. The saddle-backed
ridge extending from West Nab to Shooter's Nab is an outlier
of rough rock, the eastern slopes of which are covered with
fallen blocks due to the denudation of the shales beneath. In
the drier parts and hill-summits the cotton-grasses are replaced
by Bilberry (Vaccinium Myrtillus), Empetrum nigrum, Linn.,
Vaccinium Vitis-idea, Linn., and Cloudberry (Rubus Chame-
morus, Linn.). The cotton-grasses play a very insignificant part
in the flora of our present woodlands.

There is considerable evidence which points to the cotton-
grass being of recent development, at any rate over certain parts
of this moorland. Borings and excavations made at Deerhill,
Good Bent, and Wessenden Head reveal a layer of buried
heath-stems beneath the present cotton-grass, and persons now
living (gamekeepers, &c.) can remember large tracts being
covered with ling (Calluna) which are now dominated by eotton-
grass (Eriophorum vaginatum, Linn.) At Wessenden Head
considerable changes have taken place in this direction even
within the last eighty years. This is attributed to interruption
with drainage. During the last few years attempts have been
made to improve the drainage by cutting long “grips” in the peat.
This has already had a very marked effect, the cotton-grass
shows evident signs of deterioration, while young shoots of ling
are appearing in myriads over the area and its re-establishment
is only a question of time.

Although now a treeless zone, forests were formerly extensive,
and much buried timber is found here. An extensive deposit
exists at Deerhill, chiefly of Birch (Betula) and a little Oak
and Hawthorn (Crategus). Buried trees (chiefly Birch) are also
to be seen at Butterley Hill and Wessenden Head, and during
excavations for a reservoir near Meltham a number of buried
trees were found consisting of Oak, Birch, and Hazel (49).
The position of these deposits is indicated on the District Tree
Map.

I have not found the Scotch fir (Pinus sylvestris) in the peat of
these moors, but Hughes (50) says :—“ The immense quantities
of fir and oak wood, more particularly the former, dug out of
the moors surrounding Meltham give abundant proof that

. extensive forests of these trees must have covered the
hills... This fir wood, afterwards dug up out of the moors in
hundreds of cart loads, was used as torches by the cottagers

ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 359

within the last 70 years. They cut it into long splinters and
made it serve for candles,” In Switzerland and elsewhere on the
the continent, such pine splinters (or “ Kienspähne ”) are still
frequently used for this purpose. The altitude of these moors
ranges from 800 to 1100 feet. This succession of deposits is
well seen in section at Wessenden Head and Deerhill, where the
series has been cut through by moorland streams. At the base
is a thick bed of bluish clay which is permeated by numerous
root-fibres. Above this is the moor pan, a layer of only a few
inches in thickness, which can be easily detected by the peculiar
grating sound produced when the blade of a knife is pushed into
it. Resting on this is a thick bed of peat from four to six feet
in thickness, while in some parts it very greatly exceeds this.
At the base of the peat, remains of birch are abundant, especially
at Deerhill, where the overlying peat, having been denuded, a
very large number of birch remains are to be seen. We have
here just those conditions necessary for the accumulation of peat,
as indicated by Hall (43), Livingstone (60), and others, viz., con-
siderable rainfall and an impermeable stratum, which result in a
waterlogged soil, cutting off access of air and so checking the
process of oxidation and the development of aerobic bacteria.
These conditions, together with the poverty of the soil in
mineral salts, especially carbonate of lime, favour the accumu-
lation of humus and of humic acid; this in turn affects the
osmotic action of the roots, with the result that, even in perma-
nently wet places, xerophytes only can exist, and these are also
favoured by the general climatie conditions of this zone. A.
general account of these peat-moors has recently been given by
C. E. Moss (71).

On the steep hill-slopes peat is either very thin or absent, the
soils being formed by denudation of the grits, shales, and clays,
and forms a transition region to the Heather Zone of the Mill-
stone-Grit Plateau.

These slopes are clothed with a very characteristic vegetation.
Pteris is the dominant plant, and its associates are Bilberry
(Vaccinium Myrtillus), Ling (Calluna), Deschampsia, Nardus
stricta, and Festuca ovina, forming a Xero-pteridetum. These
may be traced ascending the deep cloughs in gradually narrowing
strands, the Bracken becoming reduced in size (sometimes not
more than a few inches in height) until on the exposed summits
it is practically absent. A map showing the distribution of

360 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE

Bracken, therefore, gives us a very good outline of these slopes
of the moorland valleys and cloughs, and up these it ascends to a
height of 1700 feet. (Fig. 10, p. 353.)

To the east it descends along the valley-slopes in broken
strands to spread out in sheets on the plains when protected by
trees, to be again cut out by the deep shade of Sycamore, Elm,
and Beech.

The woodlands of the hill-slopes consist ehiefly of Oak, Birch,
and Pine. All are planted, but are often on the sites of
primitive forest or scrub, and none of the woods in this or the
two other zones considered is now primitive. They are given up
rather to the preservation of game than to the growth of timber.
Not much felling or pruning is done, and thus they remain
practically undisturbed for long periods. The Oak ascends to
1200 feet, but dies out above that limit, and the undergrowth is
essentially that of the adjacent moorlands. In the neighbour-
hood of Harden Moss are Pine-plantations from 1500-1100 feet,
and again at Black Moor from 1000-800 feet; but here they are
fully exposed to the prevailing winds, thrive badly, and in
several areas all the trees are dead. The undergrowth is
chiefly Bilberry (Vaccinium Myrtillus).

(b) Heather Zone of the Millstone-Grit Plateau.

The central portion of the district is sharply marked off from
the western, and consists of a magnificent Millstone-Grit plateau,
through which deep narrow valleys have been cut into the shales
below by the tributaries of the river Holme. Though now
highly cultivated, it was formerly a heather moorland, and the
several portions are known as Thickhollins Moor, Melthan Moor,
Black Moor, Honley Moor, Netherton Moor, and Crosland
Moor. This plateau dips gently to the S.E. from 1000 to
450 feet. The soils are shallow, sandy, well drained, and in
places covered with a thin deposit of peat usually not more than
6-12 in. deep. In contrast to the Moss Moor, the conditions
here are such as to be unfavourable to the formation of deep
ill-drained peat. Some of this, as at Honley Woods, is Bracken
peat, being composed almost entirely of the remains of this
plant, and though this species is still present and in places
abundant, the Ling and Heath associates are now dominant.
This area is swept by the prevailing west winds, and in the
spring by the dry east winds, which, together with the soil-

ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 361

conditions, favour the development of Xerophytes. It is a
typical physiologically dry area. Although the unreclaimed
heather moors are now small in extent and somewhat widely
separated, the roadside vegetation often consists of the relies of
the original moorland, and is of the heather moorland type, and
this indicated on the large-scale maps shows the present moor-
lands to be joined by a network of heath-plants. This primitive
vegetation is only kept in check by heavy manuring, and if that
is neglected the fields soon revert. Many acres which formerly
produced rich crops have now “gone back” to moor. This
type of vegetation extended formerly over the whole of the
Gritstone area. The features thus brought out help us in great
part to reconstruct the former vegetation of the Moss Moor and
Millstone-Grit plateau.

Although the rainfall in the latter area is considerable, the
soils are so permeable and poor in humus that they retain little
water. Heavy manuring in a great measure corrects this, but
when this is discontinued the less resistant cultivated plants
give way to xerophytes, which alone can withstand the drier
conditions and the sudden changes of temperature to which
such soils are liable.

As Graebner has shown, the effect of rich nutrition on heath-
plants, while it favours increased growth, renders them less
able to withstand the extremes of drought and cold.

Oak is the dominant tree, but prior to cultivation, as shown
by Moorhouse (69) and in ancient records, it was much more
extensive in this area. Along the edges of the plateau, Birch
(Betula verrucosa, Ehrh.) is abundant and at Honley Moor are
plantations of Pine, while Holly (Llev Aguifolium, Linn.) is
common on the slopes of Honley Wood. The tendency in
recent years has been to replace Oak with Sycamore, Elm, and
Beech. Woodlands are developed chiefly along the valley-slopes,
and on the map they give a general idea of the contour of the
country, and appear much narrower than they really are. The
eastern boundary of the Gritstone plateau is well marked by
these woods, the woods on the plains being characterized by
their broader (squarer) outlines.

The prevailing west winds sweep across these plains, and a
reference to the map will show that plants growing in the open
oak-birch woods, along the edge of the plateau, are placed under
conditions of drought and exposure (especially when we

362 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE

remember. the shallow sandy nature of the soil here) in strong
contrast to species in the same wood growing on the steep,
moist, sheltered slopes. The trees, too, on the exposed parts
are generally stunted, being little more than tall shrubs.

(c) Coal-Measure Area.

The river Holme forms a well-marked boundary between
the Millstone-Grit plateau and the Lower Coal-Measures. The
rocks here consist of shales, clays, and fine-grained sandstones
often in rapid alternation. The soils offer a striking contrast to
those of the west; they are generally deeper and consist of more
or less clayey loam, and therefore moisture is more constant.
The general altitude of this area ranges from 450 to 200 feet,
though to the south-east the hills rise to 1200 feet. In parts
(usually the higher level) the soils, where they lie immediately
above the sandstones, are not uncommonly shallow, well-drained,
relatively dry, and yield a flora distinctly xerophytic. It is on
these soils that the heath-plants—Bilberry, Ling, Deschampsia,
and others—are carried, often in small patches, to the east. In
the days prior to high cultivation there is evidence that these
tracts were much more extensive than at present, and yielded
species now extinct, such as Listera cordata, R. Br., &c. While
Oak is still the dominant tree, there is a greater development of
Sycamore, Elm, and Beech. With the deeper soils, increased
moisture, lower altitude, and less exposure the trees thrive better
and attain much greater dimensions than in the higher regions
to the west. But in both areas, though more especially to the
east, tree-growth is handicapped by the smoke-cloud from the
manufacturing towns and villages in the district. The under-
growth consists largely of mesophytes, the three characteristic
plants being Bracken (Pteris aquilina), Holcus mollis, and
Scilla festalis, forming a Meso-pteridetum. To the south-east,
in the neighbourhood of Cheese Gate Nab and Pike Lowe,
however, the hills ascend to 1200 feet. They are capped with
Grenoside Sandstone, and here, as well as on their steep and
exposed shaly slopes, we get a repetition of the xerophytes
noticed on the slopes to the west, viz., Vaccinium Myrtillus,
Calluna Erica, DC., Erica cinerea, Linn., E. Tetraliv, Linn.,
Pteris, and xerophytie grasses; these plants also form the
characteristic vegetation of the undergrowth of the woods on
these hill-slopes.

ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 363

Distribution of the Plants of the Millstone-Grit and
Coal-Measure Areas, as affected by Soils.

It is evident from the above observations that a change of
geological formations and soil-conditions is accompanied by a
change of plant formations.

In illustration of this we will take the upper central portion
of the district shown on the maps figs. 9 & 10 (pp. 352-3), that is,
the part covered by sheet 260 of the 6-inch Ordnance-Survey
map. Herethe two well-marked biological types occur, xerophytes
and mesophytes, and their distribution has been worked out on
the6-inch map, special attention being paid to the transition region
from the Millstone-Grits to the Coal-Measures. On the map
fig. 11 (p. 364) the results are shown reduced to the 1-inch scale.

Fig. 12 shows the geology of the same area, the details being
taken from sheet 260 of the 6-inch Geological-Survey map, and,
as in fig. 11, reduced to the 1-inch scale. Glacial deposits are
entirely absent, and, except for the formations of peat already
referred to, the soils owe their origin mainly to the denudation
of the underlying rocks, and therefore a comparison may, I think,
be fairly made with the solid geology map.

If we now make a comparison of the two maps figs. 11 & 12,
we find them both instructive and suggestive. Pteris, as we
have seen, is abundant in both areas, but its associates differ
considerably as we pass from one formation to the other. The
xerophytes are seen to follow pretty closely the Millstone-Grit
and Coal-Measure sandstones, except in the exposed, elevated
regions; while the mesophytes indicate as clearly the shales
and clays.

To render comparison easy, the same signs are used on the two
maps: the blaekened areas indicate shales aud clays on the
geological map and Mesophytes on the vegetation map; the other
sign indieates respectively sandstones and Xerophytes, a small
semi-xerophytie area is indieated by dotting.

Considerable differences occur in the physiological water in
soils over beds indicated by the general term shales, and a more
detailed study of these is in progress on lines similar to those
followed by Hedgecock (45).

In some instances, Xerophytes are absent over areas indicated
as sandstone on the Geological Map, as in Woodsome and

964 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE

Roydhouse Woods, but in these cases the sandstones are covered
by a considerable depth of moist loam ; while, on the other hand,

Fig. 11.
Map snewinc DISTRIBUTION or XEROPHYTES & MESOPHYTES. — i.

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Fig. 12.

ETE Sandstones Basta ew aes

Xerophytes occur on areas indicated as shales, but the soils here
are dry and poor. Though the line is often distinctly marked

ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS, 365

betwecn the two, there is not infrequently an overlap—the
Xerophytes being carried further down the slopes, due partly to
the surface being strewn with fallen blocks of sandstone and
soils resulting from their denudation. As we have seen, the
more resistant sandstones usually occupy the higher ground, and
the conditions of soil and climate there favour Xerophytes;
while shales occupy the lower levels and sheltered slopes, where
soils and climatic conditions favour the development of
Mesophytes.

As we follow the species over the escarpments, we find that,
on reaching the shales and clays, Ling is the first to die out,
which it does very quickly. The Bilberry often extends further
down the slope, but, as with Ling, it dies out as the humus
becomes deficient, while Deschampsia holds on when both its
usual associates have disappeared. These features can be well
shown in a limited area, as in the case of the Armitage Bridge
Woods (fig. 8, p. 349) or other woods skirting the Millstone-Grit
Plateau, where, on the steep slopes, we get a rapid transition
from the dry exposed grit area above to the moist sheltered
slopes of the shales and clays below. These results fully bear
out Warming's observations that the distribution of plants is
determined largely by available water.

A comparison of the four maps (Trees, Undergrowth, Geology,
and Xerophytes and Mesophytes) will show the effect of the
dominant factors on plant-distribution in this area, viz.: soils,
moisture, exposure, light, and shade.

In the field I found it very convenient to use special terms
for these soil types, and had intended suggesting names which
seemed to express well the associations in relation to soil-
conditions; but, eonsidering the unsettled state of Ecological
Nomenclature, and that it will soon be considered by an inter-
national committee, I have withheld them. As one may gather
from a perusal of Clement's paper (16), the study of ecology
may very easily be burdened with many cumbrous names which
to me it seems well to avoid if possible. The terms I have used,
Xero-pteridetum and Meso-pteridetum, are easily understood,
and indieate suffieiently well the two important associations
determined by soil-conditions in this district.

Livingstone (60) has evidently been working on similar lines
in a glaciated area in Michigan, but paying special attention to
the distribution of trees, and has obtained corresponding results.

LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII, 2D

366 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE

II.—Errrcr or ENVIRONMENT ON STRUCTURE.

From what has been said, it is clear that these common species
must frequently grow under very dissimilar conditions, and in
examining the plants in the transition zone, or zone of tension
as Cowles terms it, it is at once obvious that a change of
conditions, while not immediately limiting their distribution,
produces a marked effect on their habit and structure. We find
that as the Mesophytes invade the region of the Xerophytes, and
come under the influence of drier and more rigorous conditions,
they develop xerophytie characters. On the other hand, as
the Xerophytes encroach on the Mesophytes, and come under
the mellowing influences of moisture and shade, they tend to
lose xerophytie characters and take on mesophytie characters.
The more plastie or adaptable a species is, the wider its range
of variation and distribution ; theless plastie or adaptable species
show a narrow range of structural variation and a more restricted
distribution. Between these extremes we find every degree of
modification. My object has been, therefore, to ascertain the
region of maximum development of a few common species, study
their eonditions of growth, and determine to what extent a
change in one or more of these conditions has upon their
structure.

Judging from a summary of the investigations made by
Chrysler (13), similar changes have been noted in the strand-
plants occurring on the Atlantic Coast in the vicinity of Woods
Hole, Mass., and also near Lake Michigan near Chicago, III. ;
and Hesselman (47) has recently published the results of his
investigations of the plants of the “ Laubwiesen" of Sweden,
and they agree closely with mine.

The study of Plant Biology has of late received considerable
attention, and the works of Schimper, Goebel, Wiesner, Stahl,
Haberlandt, &c. provide us with a useful foundation on which
to build further investigations into the complex relations and
life-histories of the plants forming these associations.

There is perhaps a danger, when studying the structure of a
plant in relation to its environment, to assume on insufficient
grounds direct adaptation. A useful and timely corrective in
this direction is the recent excellent criticism by Detto (23).
The point of view adopted by Küster (54) is also worthy of
careful eonsideration in this connection. Many of the modi-

ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 367

fications usually attributed, for example, to the direct influence
of light, mechanical forces (as strain), &c., he would consider
rather as pathological states due to insufficient nourishment,
lowered transpiration, and the like.

Again, the results obtained by the examination of the tissues
of plants exposed to sun or shade are sometimes contradictory.
It is generally admitted that what are known as *'sun-leaves "
are developed in situations exposed to intense sunlight, as on
sand-dunes, moorlands, Alpine regions, as well as under less
rigorous conditions.

Leist (56), however, in examining the leaves of Alpine plants,
came to the conclusion that they showed mesophytic rather than
xerophytie, shade rather than sun, structures, and gave as an
explanation the considerable period during which the mountains
are enveloped by clouds.

Wagner (97), on the other hand, came to the opposite
conclusion, and found that the “sun” type and xerophytie
structures became more pronounced with increased altitude and
the accompanying xerophytie conditions. This accords with the
observations of Bonnier (7) aud others, and also that transpiration
and assimilation are augmented at high altitudes.

Wiesner's observations on transpiration (104) show that under
the same conditions shade-leaves transpire more than sun-leaves.
Bergen (5), however, in his study of the evergreens of the
Mediterranean region, concluded that sun-leaves transpired
more than shade-leaves under the same conditions.

The investigations of Ball (3) as to the value of stresses in
the development of mechanical tissues has considerably modified
our views on tbis subject ; from his results we are no longer able
to give such an important place to the effects of the stimulus of
stresses as we were led to do by the earlier experiments of
Hegler (46).

These instances will be sufficient to show that so-called adaptive
structures will require in the future re-investigation, and that
we are scarcely justified, in spite of the considerable work that
has already been accomplished, in attributing dogmatically these
modifications to particular factors. We may record the modi-
fications and observe the conditions under which they are
produced as far as we can discern them, but prolonged study,
not only in the laboratory, but also in the field, will be necessary

before satisfactory conclusions can be drawn. .
2pn2

968 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE

We will now consider some of the modifications noted in the
more important species characterizing the several associations of

the Huddersfield distriet.

(a) DOMINANT SPECIES.
PTERIS AQUILINA, Linn. (Pteridium aquilinum Kuan).
Bracken.

It has been already shown ihat the distribution of Bracken is
extensive in this district. It is the dominant plart of the
undergrowth in the Coal-Measure Oak woods, where it forms
large and characteristic masses, but when the dominant trees
are Sycamore, Elm, and Beech, or a dense shrubby undergrowth
of Hazel or Elder, their deep shade tends to restrict its distri-
bution. Outside these woods, it is confined mainly to the
hedgerows, perhaps a relie of a former more extended distribution.
It ascends into the Gritstone area, where, in the dry shallow
soils, it is limited by competition with rhizomatous plants such
as Ling and Bilberry. In the open Bireh-Oak woods along
the edges of the Gritstone Plateau many observations were
made to determine the positions these rhizomes occupy with
relation to each other. It was found that, in 95 per cent. of the
plants examined, the rhizomes of Bracken were from four to six
inches nearer the surface than was found to be the case ina
corresponding number of observations in the Coal- Measure Oak
woods. In areas where Bracken is associated with Ling and
Bilberry, its rhizomes were found to be distinctly below those of
the latter; while the rhizomes of Ling, though generally two to
three inches above those of the Bracken, were not uncommonly
found at the same level, and often they were distinctly interlaced.
Here Bracken rarely forms continuous sheets, but is broken up
into more or less isolated patches, as shown in the Heather area
in the map of Armitage Bridge Woods (fig. 8, p. 349) ; and this is
a characteristie feature in all dry Oak and Birch woods wherever
these plants are associated; they form, as we have seen, a com-
petitive association, and sometimes one, sometimes the other
species dominates. In such situations, therefore, Bracken is
much more exposed to adverse conditions, such as higher level,
dry shallow soils, strong winds, much less protection by trees;
and the rhizomes being more superficial, they are more likely
to suffer injury through cold. As might naturally be expected,

ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 369

it is in the open, more exposed parts of this area that xerophytie
characters reach their greatest development. In the treeless
hill-region to the west it is a characteristic plant of the steep
hill-slopes, where it is a striking feature in the landscape. These
slopes offer it considerable protection, but the species dies out
above as the exposure increases. The leaves here do not exhibit
as a whole such strongly marked xerophytic characters as those
of the Gritstone Plateau, for, although the plants are exposed
throughout a considerable period to intense sunlight, the
soil-conditions as regards moisture are on the whole more
favourable.

Growing in such diverse habitats and under such varying
conditions, the plant shows extreme modifications in structure.
Very numerous specimens have been collected and examined,
and my observations on the structure of the leaf bear out fully
those of Boodle (9), and his suggestion that “light is not the
all-important factor determining the structure of the sun and
shade leaves,” is supported by my observations of plants in
natural habitats in this area. I should, however, say that light
is only one of the factors, the other chief ones being wind and
available moisture; for we find extreme shade-structures in
sheltered moist situations under the shade of Beech and Elm,
and the maximum sun-form in bright, illuminated, windy, dry
situations on the Gritstone Plateau.

The admirable pioneer work of Stahl (92), also of Haberlandt
(42) and Schimper (83), laid the foundations for observations of
this kind, and they have been since extended in many directions
by numerous observers. For a more extensive bibliography on
leaf-struetures and functions, reference may be made to
Karsten (50 4) and Burgerstein (10).

Figs. 13-16 (p. 870) show transverse sections of corresponding
pinne from plants growing under different conditions.

Fig. 13 is a section of a leaf from an open Birch wood on the
Gritstone Plateau. Here the fronds are from 12 to 18 inches
in height, are dark green in colour, and leathery, the plants
barely overtopping the plants of Ling among whieh they grow.
The epidermis has a thick cuticle, the cells of which are devoid
of chlorophyll; beneath this is a nearly continuous hypoderm
consisting of thick-walled colourless cells forming an aqueous
layer. Between these are occasionally thin-walled cells which
contain few or no chlorophyll granules. Below this is a well-

370 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE

developed palisade about three cells deep, followed by a reduced
spongy tissue with relatively small air-spaces.

Fig. 14 is a section of a pinnule from the leaf of a plant
grown in an Oak wood. The cuticle of the epidermis here is
thinner, the cells contain few chlorophyll grains, aud the hypo-
dermis is developed only over the veins. The palisade, though
well defined, consists only of two layers, and between these cells
smallair-spaces are frequent. Inthe spongy tissue the air-spaces
are large.

Figs. 13-16.

Fig. 13. Trans. sect. of a pinnule of Pteris aquilina from a plant growing

under xerophytie conditions on the Gritstone Plateau.

14. Trans. sect. of a pinnule from a plant growing in the medium shade
of an Oak wood.

15. Trans. sect. of a pinnule from a plant growing under the shade of
Sycamore.

16. Trans. sect. of a pinnule from a plant growing under the deep shade
of Beech.

Fig. 15 is from a frond growing in the shade of a Sycamore
wood. In this case the cuticle is very thin, palisade greatly
reduced, a spongy parenchyma occupying a very considerable
part of the mesophyll. Chlorophyll corpuscles more frequent
in the epidermis than in fig. 14. The leaf is therefore much
ihinner.

ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 371

Fig. 16 shows the section of a leaf from a plant growing in
a moist situation under the shade of Beeches. It is exceed-
ingly thin, the epidermal cells are very thin-walled and contain
numerous chlorophyll granules, while the mesophyll is reduced
to two or three cells in thickness.

All these variations in structure may be found within a very
limited area; e. g., the woods at Armitage Bridge, as they afford
all the necessary conditions. These woods skirt the edge of the
Gritstone Plateau and extend over the steep slopes. Their
higher parts are dry and sandy, and the soil is covered with a
shallow peat, and the plants are exposed to the adverse conditions
of the plateau generally. Bracken occurs in patches among the
ericaceous undergrowth, and in the less protected parts develops
extreme xerophytic characters. Over the moister, more sheltered
slopes, protected by the Oak, it becomes more mesophytic in
structure ; while in the deep shade area in the slope, under Beech
and Elm, it becomes extremely attenuated and eventually dies
out.

The amount of shade produced by a given species of tree is not
always the same; consequently we do not necessarily find shade-
struetures developed in herbaceous plants under shade species.
Closeness of planting, age of tree, and the condition of its
growth have to be considered.

Pteris aquilina. | Leaf-stalk.

The examination of leaves from these different habitats
showed that not only was the leaf-blade modified in structure
according to environment, but also the leaf-stalk. For purposes
of comparison, transverse sections were made in each case 14 in.
below the lowest pair of leaflets. These are shown in outline in
figs. 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27 (p. 372). Portions of these are shown
x 150 diam., taken through the tissues of the same region in
each ease. Fig. 17 is a section from a plant growing in a dry
windy situation in an open Birch wood on the Gritstone Plateau.
Here we see (fig. 18) the stereom is very strongly developed, and
the cavities of the fibres are reduced to minute pores. This band
is 13 or 14 cells deep, encroaching closely on the outer steles,
and the thiekening is continued into the ground-tissue still
further. If portions of these leaf-stalks are cut off and tapped
together, they ring like dry bones. The stereom as here developed

372 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE

Figs. 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, & 97.

Fig. 17. T. S. leaf-stalk from exposed situation of Gritstone Plateau.
18. T. S. portion of the same; x 150 diam.
19. T. S. leaf-stalk, Oak-wood form.
20. T. S. portion of the same ; x 150 diam.
21. T. S. leaf-stalk from a very large frond from a moist Oak wood.
L = lacune.
22. T. S. portion of 21; x 150 diam.
23. T. S. leaf-stalk of an immature shade-form.
24. T. S. portion of 23; x 150 diam.
25. T. S. leaf-stalk, mature shade-form.
26. T. S. portion of 25; x 150 diam.
27. T. S. slender leaf-stalk, Oak-wood form.
28. T. S. portion of 27; x 150 diam.

ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 373

Figs. 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, & 28,

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Leaf-stalks of Pteris aquilina, showing variations in the development of
stercom in plants growing under different conditions,

374 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE

will be of service in resisting strain in every direction. The
stem is further strengthened by the development of well-
marked stereom-strands between the steles (fig. 17).

Bracken Leaf-stem. Oak-form.

The leaf-stalk of a plant growing under moderate conditions
of light, moisture, and wind in a Coal-Measure Oak wood shows
in transverse section a somewhat cylindrical outline (fig. 19),
flattened or slightly depressed, along the upper and lower
surfaces. The sclerenchyma forms a firm but narrow band,
often not more than four to five cells deep, with a slight
tendency to increase along the upper surface (fig. 20). The
supporting mechanism is that of a pillar or strut, and the great
majority of specimens examined showed very little specialization
beyond this, even in cases of very large fronds with leaf-stalks
3 in. or more in diameter. In these the tendency is to develop
one or more fairly large lacune (figs. 21 & 22).

Leaf-stalk. | Shade-form.

If we now examine plants growing in the deep shade of Elm
or Beech, we find the leaf-stalk strikingly reduced, often less
than å in. in diameter. Relatively large, very thin fronds are
developed, but the leaf-stalk is too weak to support the weight
of the blade, and the general habit of the plant is drooping or
more or less prostrate. Fig. 23 is a transverse section of the
leaf-stalk of a young frond, which had grown about a foot above
the surface of the ground and before the blade had expanded.
The outline is somewhat cireular, but with a distinet tendency
to flatten on the upper side. The sclerenchyma is slightly
developed peripherally, forming a very narrow band two or
three cells deep (fig. 24). As the leaf-stalk matures and the
frond unfolds, it will be under the stimulus of slight but con-
tinuous stress, and a comparison of this with the mature form
shows striking changes to have taken place (figs. 25 & 26).
The outline becomes less cireular, and a well-marked girder-
form is developed ; the tension-flange is narrow but considerably
thickened, with a distinct wedge of sclerenchyma in the centre.
The compression-flange is broadened considerably and develops
lateral wings, which not only serve to withstand compression,
but stiffen it for resisting lateral stresses, just as girders are

ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 975

sometimes stiffened by side-pieces to resist lateral vibrations.
In addition we find lateral stereom strands developed in the
ground-tissue between the steles. These might be compared to
the similar strands found in the exposed form. Fig. 26 shows
these outer tissues with the much thickened stereom-band.
Under these conditions and in such habitats, this form frequently
recurs throughout the district.

Frequently we find leaf-stalks of a similar diameter in the
Bracken of an Oak wood, but they are erect, not drooping.
They are subjected mainly to compressive stresses, and the
tendency of the stalk is to form the strongest strut or pillar. A
transverse section (fig. 27) of such a slender-stalked form,
therefore, shows a distinct pillar-mechanism with the strengthen-
ing material as far from the centre as possible. The outline is
somewhat circular, with a uniform band of much-thickened
sclerenchyma nine to ten cells deep (fig. 28), the fibres of which
are more brittle than in the deep-shade form. In this the
strands between the steles are often not developed.

The Bracken thus affords an interesting example of the deve-
lopment of mechanical tissues apparently as a result of tensile
and compressive stresses. In the shade-form the stresses are
small but continuous, due to the weight of the relatively large
frond. Under opposite conditions in dry, open, windy situations,
although the plants are dwarfed and thus relatively protected,
the stalk is affected by varying stresses in all directions, and
here we find the development of the stereom to be enormously
increased. Under medium conditions, in the shelter of an Oak
wood, the leaf-stalk is tall, erect, and pillar-like. Every grada-
tion between these forms is found under intermediate conditions.
Many of the specimens first examined showed these features to
recur so often as to give support to Hegler’s results (46).
But forms were found which introduced an element of un-
certainty ; and it is obviously impossible to Judge of all the
conditions influencing these structures in the field. The excep-
tions were frequent enough to show that although the stimulus
of stresses might be a contributory cause, evidently other
influences were at work as yet undetermined. The evident
pliability of this species recommends it as suitable for experiments
in this direction, but the results are as yet too incomplete to be
dealt with here. Bali (3), who has recently repeated Hegler’s
observations, contends, as the result of numerous interesting

376 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE

experiments, that the development of mechanical tissues is not
so indueed; and he failed to produce either increase in the
ability to resist mechanical pulling, or any thickening of the
tissues, as the result of a gradual increase in the pull exerted
upon young stems. The results he produced were inconstant—
sometimes a thiekening was produced, sometimes not. We
must look, therefore, to some other (probably a series of inter-
acting) eauses for a full explanation of the development of
stereom,

Pteris aquilina. Rhizome.

Many observations have been made and much has been written
on the presence or absence of Pteris on caleareous soils, and the
influences of the physical and chemieal nature of the soil on its
distribution and structure. In West Yorkshire it shows a
distinct preference for sandstone soils, but, as indicated by
Lees (55) and others, it is by no means absent from limestone;
while More (70) includes it in the group “ Calcifuge B," that is,
not infrequent on lime soils, but invariably in greater abundance
and luxurianee on soils from which lime is absent. More
recently its distribution from this point of view has been dealt
with by Gillot & Durafour (34). In the Huddersfield district
ealeareous soils are absent, therefore lime cannot be one of the
factors influencing its distribution within this area.

Masclef (64) examined the rhizomes of Bracken growing
respectively in clayey and calcareous soils on the escarpments
at Rogerville and Harfleur and also on the granite rocks at
Cezembre. He found that in siliceous soils they present the
normal structure; in soils impregnated with lime the scleren-
chyma was greatly developed, the outer band of reserve con-
junctive tissue being reduced to half its normal diameter;
whilst in pure chalk the sclerenchyma was increased to such
an extent as to reduce the reserve tissues to a very narrow
band. These changes he attributes to the chemical influence
rather than to the physical nature of the soil. He found that
specimens collected on soils containing 5 to 7 per cent. of lime
showed structures between those growing on pure chalk and
those growing on exclusively siliceous soils. No such quantity
of lime could be expected in the soils in the Huddersfield
district, and careful analyses of many samples showed them to
contain from ‘02 to *0£ per cent. of lime; yet an examination

ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 377

of the rhizomes of plants growing in sandy soils containing
'03 per cent. of lime on the Gritstone Plateau showed modi-
fications exactly similar to those attributed by Masclef to the
chemical influence of lime. I can find nothing in a chemical
analysis of these soils which helps to account for these striking
variations, but would rather attribute them to physical and
climatic conditions. Certainly here the modifications cannot be
attributed to the chemical influence of lime. The study of
vegetation in this region tends to support the conclusions and
experiments in this direetion of Warrington (103), Hedgecock
(45), and others.

In the moist sheltered situations over clays and shales of the
Coal-Measures and under the shade of Beech, the rhizomes lie
in the loose humus near the surface and may be very easily
uprooted. Here they are relatively slender, easily break, and
are seantily covered with brown hairs.

Fig. 29 (p. 378) is a diagram of a trausverse section of such a
rhizome, and fig. 30 shows in detail the structure of the mechanical
tissues. The epidermis consists of thin-walled and wrinkled
cells, and beneath this is a single line of dark brown cells whose
outer and radial walls are strongly thickened and pitted. This
is succeeded by a band 3-4 cells deep with yellowish, very
slightly thiekened walls, these cells containing a small number
of starch-grains. The two bands of sclerenchyma between the
outer and inner rings of steles, consist of cells with pale brown,
slightly thickened walls, and contain numerous stareh-grains.

In striking contrast to this, the rhizomes of Bracken growing
in sandy soil in an Oak-Birch wood on the Gritstone Plateau show
an enormous development of stereom (fig. 31). The epidermis
produces abundant hairs forming a thick felt-like covering.
Beneath this is a band 2-3 cells deep with dark brown, greatly
thiekened and pitted walls, succeeded by a broad yellowish-
brown band 9-10 cells deep, and with strongly thickened walls
forming a well-marked stereom-band containing little starch
(fig. 32). Between this and the outer steles are several few-
celled stereom groups. The stereom between the outer and
inner steles forms often a complete ring and extending out-
wardly between them. The walls are dark brown, very strongly
thickened and pitted, the cavities greatly reduced and con-
taining few or no starch-grains. In addition to this, each of
the outer steles is bouuded on its outer side by a well-marked

378 MR. T. W. WOODIIEAD ON THE

Figs, 29-32.

m

,
1

Fig. 29. T. S. rhizome of Pteris aquilina growing under the shade
of Beech.
30, T. S. portion of 29150 diam. showing weakly-developed
stereom.
3l. T. S. rhizome of P, aquilina from a plant growing in an
exposed situation in dry sandy soil.
32, T. 8. of 31 showing strongly-developed stereom. x 150 diam.

ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 379

stereom-band 2-3 cells deep, and an almost complete stereom-
plate is formed in the centre between the inner steles. On the
steep slopes in the transition region every gradation between
these extremes is found as we pass from the dry exposed
gritstone summit over the moister sheltered areas of the shales
and clays, the rhizomes reaching their maximum development
aud possessing the greatest storage capacity in the moist Oak
woods in moderate shade. The observations of Blackman (5 A),
Brown (9 4), and others show that shade-leaves assimilate more in
the shade than sun-leaves in the shade. Under these circum-
stances, much stareh will be produced by the shade-plants and a
considerable storage-tissue required. A comparison of the
rhizomes of Pteris growing under different conditions shows, as
we have seen, that under moderate shade the rhizomes attain their
greatest development and possess the greatest amount of storage-
tissue ; while plants growing under xerophytie conditions have on
the whole thinner rhizomes, but a great development of stereom,
and therefore a correspondingly reduced starch-storage tissue.
The maximum of storage-tissue, in proportion to the diameter
of the rhizome, I found in plants growing in deep shade.

SCILLA FESTALIs, Salisb. Bluebell or Wood Hyacinth.

This species obtains its maximum development in this district in
the moist Oak and Sycamore woods on the Coal-Measure shales
and clays. <A typical leaf of a plant from these woods (fiz. 33,
p. 380) is clear green, and characterized by the cuticle of the
upper epidermis being fairly well developed and very slightly
corrugated (fig. 34). Beneath this are two rows of cells with
abundant chlorophyll corpuscles, and in the remaining cells the
corpuscles are very few or absent, except a single layer beneath
the lower epidermis where they are abundant. Air-spaces are
well developed in the mesophyll, and running through the centre
of it is a nearly continuous line of clear rounded cells. Between
the three bundles, on either side of the midrib, are lacune.
The position of each lacuna is indicated at an early stage in
development by a colourless rounded cell. ‘This increases
considerably in size, is very thin-walled, and eventually breaks
down; in some cases, especially adjacent to the midrib, some of
the neighbouring cells are involved.

Plants growing in the deep shade of a Beech wood present a
sickly appearance, often showing traces of partial etiolation,

MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE

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ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 381

The leaves are much narrower and thinner (fig. 35) than in the
typical form and yellowish green in colour. The cuticle is
very thin and not corrugated; a single layer of green cells is
developed beneath each epidermis (fig. 36), chlorophyll granules
being few and scattered in the remaining cells. A clear rounded
cell is seen between the vascular bundles, but lacune are not
developed. The inflorescence, too, is weak, the scape being
slender and few-flowered, and these are of a pale blue colour.

Outside the woods the plant nowhere forms extensive masses
in this area, occurring chiefly on the sites of previous woods and
hedges and in hedgerows. Here the leaves are much darker in
colour, broader ard thicker than in the woodland forms (fig. 37).
The epidermis has a thick lamellated cuticle and is distinctly
corrugated (fig. 38). Occasionally leaves were found where the
epidermis was locally two cells deep (fig. 39), the lower ones
forming a large-celled aqueous hypodermis. The stomata are
usually deeply sunk. The mesophyll is better developed, with
fewer air-spaces, and two rows of cells beneath each epidermis
contain abundant ehlorophyll corpuscles. In the region of the
midrib the lacune are very large, and occur between the bundles
on either side up to the fourth or sixth bundle: here the cuticle
is greatly thickened (fig. 40).

Leaves collected on April 7th showed the first division of
cells to form an abciss-layer. This is found just where the leaf
thickens to form the bulb-scale, aud is easily seen with the naked

Figs. 41 & 42.
|

Fig. 41. Base of leaf of Scilla festalis, showing abciss-layer.
42. Abciss-layer of Scilla festalis, Longitudinal section.

eye as a well-defined dark line along which the leaf readily

breaks (fig. 41). A longitudinal section through the abciss-layer

is shown in fig. 42. Its development proceeds slowly and is

accompanied by the decay of the leaf; the first evidence of this
LINN. JOURN.— BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII. 2E

382 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE

is seen at the tip, which turns yellow and gradually extends to
the base. Eventually it is cut off by a thin line of cells with
corky walls, and thus decay below the abciss-layer is arrested.
In the meantime its base has become swollen with reserve
materials and forms a bulb-scale, the contents of which are
practically unfreezable. With the means at my command I was
unable to secure the freezing of these cell-contents ; this is a
feature of some interest in species producing leaves and flowers
at such an early season. Comparatively few observations seem
to have been made on the abciss-layer of Monocotyledons, but
the details in Scilla agree very closely with those observed by
Parkin (77) in leaves of Narcissus, Galanthus, and Leucojum.
As I have previously shown, the bulbs of Scilla are often
curiously elongated, and a number of experiments have been
carried out and observations made with a view to determine
their fate. The results of one series of experiments are illus-
trated in fig. 48, which shows three bulbs in three stages of

Fig. 43.

A, B, C. Three elongated bulbs of Scilla, March 2nd.
D, E, F. The same bulbs as they appeared on April 11th.
G, IL, I. Ditto on April 26th.

development. <A, D, & C represent their appearance at the
commeneement of the observations on March 2nd. "These were
placed in moist cocoanut fibre and examined at short intervals.
By April llth, changes indicated at D, E, F had occurred.

ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 383

The foliage leaves had grown considerably in each case, the
outer fleshy scale-leaf deprived of its nutrient materials had
collapsed, the bases of the inner leaves had thickened, and at E
had burst the base of the wrinkled outer scale. These changes
continued, and by April 26th, as seen at G, H, I, the outer
scale had almost disappeared, leaving behind the usual oval bulb.
At the base of each bulb, roots of two kinds were now formed—
(a) several slender fibrous roots, and (b) thicker more fleshy
roots; two of the latter are shown in G, one each in H and I.
These elongate and thicken considerably, and become eventually
contractile.

DESCHAMPSIA FLEXUOSA, Trin.

This is a characteristic grass of the dry Oak woods in the
Millstone-Grit area and in the Coal-Measure woods over sand-
stone. With Festuca ovina and Nardus stricta it dominates
the dry grass-heaths, and in such exposed sunny situations forms
dense wiry tussocks, It is much less abundant, giving place to
-Holeus mollis, on the Coal-Measure shales, and occurs, but very
sparingly, even on stiff clay. lt is the most extremely modified
of our xerophytic grasses, and an excellent account of it and
other xerophytie forms has been given by Miall (67). Its
leaves are relatively short, wiry, permanently inrolled and nearly
circular in transverse section, with only a narrow groove along the
upper surface (fig. 44, p. 384). The epidermal cells of the lower
surface are large and covered by a thick cuticle with distinct
ridges over the wedge-shaped lateral walls (fig. 45). Beneath
this epidermis is an almost continuous stereom, being two or
more cells deep along the angles, the fibres of which are thick-
walled with only a small cavity. The cells of the upper epi-
dermis within the groove are slightly thickened, the stereom
beneath this being confined to a narrow band jn the central
ridge over the midrib. Two or more layers of the cells of the
mesophyll are also thickened and pitted. The inner and radial
walls of the endodermis are very strongly thickened, especially
beneath the phloem, where a band for a distance of 2 or 3 cells
on either side of the median line is two cells deep.

When growing in the medium shade of an Oak wood this
species has a characteristic habit. Its leaves are longer, arching
and interwoven in such a way that the plants produce nest-like
hollows in which humus collects. In structure (fig. 46) the

2x2

384 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE

leaf differs from the heath-form in that the epidermis has rather
thicker walls, the stereom beneath is discontinuous, the fibres
are smaller with a tendency to form chiefly under the lateral
epidermal walls, being continuous only at the angles. Similarly,
the walls of the mesophyll and endodermis are thinner.

When growing in moist situations in the deep shade of Elm
and Beech, as it frequently does on the wooded hill-slopes, its

Figs. 44-47.

Leaves of Deschampsia flexuosa from plants growing under different conditions.

Fig. 44. Diagram of Transverse Section.
45, Portion of Trans. Sect, Sun-form.
46. Portion of Trans. Sect. Oak-wood form.
47. Portion of Trans. Sect. Under shade of Ulmus and Fagus.

leaves are more slender, limp, and all tend to droop in one
direction. In transverse section (fig. 47) the epidermal cells are
seen to be smaller, with a thin cuticle, the stereom is dis-
continuous, the fibres are only slightly thickened, and the cells
of the mesophyll are thin-walled. In the endodermis a cell

ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 385

beneath the phloem has strongly thickened inner and radial
walls, in sharp contrast to the remaining endodermal cells.

Horcvus morus, Linn.
Quick or Creeping Soft-Grass.

This species, one of many studied by Lewton-Brain (59), is
given by him as characteristic of waste and sandy places, but
in the area under consideration, while it does occur in such
situations, it reaches its maximum development in the moist
Oak woods of the Coal-Measures, being a common associate of
Scilla and Pteris. It extends into the Gritstone woods, where
it competes with Deschampsia flexuosa, giving place to it in the
drier woods and at higher levels. It is also common in open,
sunny, dry situations such as roadsides and waste places.

In these varied habitats it differs strikingly in form. In
moderate shade in the moist Oak woods its leaves are broad,
gently eurved, limp, and slightly hairy; in dry sunny spots
they are erect, much shorter, narrower, more acuminate and
hairy, the plant also flowers much more freely than when in the
shade. On the steep wooded slopes when overshadowed by a
close canopy of Sycamore or Elm, and thus brought under the
influence of oblique or horizontal light, its leaves become longer,
broader, thinner, much less hairy, and sharply reflexed at the
base of the blade, the young shoot above showing a tendency to
die early and flowers are not developed.

Fig. 48 (p. 386) is a transverse section of the erect-leaved
sun-form. The epidermis has a firm cuticle, short stiff hairs are
frequent, the stomata are deeply sunk, and motor cells are well
developed. The cells of the mesophyll are closely packed and
contain abundant chlorophyll granules.

Fig. 49 shows a portion of the lower epidermis, where the
hairs are seen to alternate with relatively short epidermal cells.

Fig. 50 shows a similar section of a reflexed shade-leaf. The
epidermal cells are smaller and thin-walled, the stomata are not
sunk, the chlorophyll granules are less abundant in the meso-
phyll, and the motor cells are not so well developed.

Fig. 51 shows a portion of the epidermis of this form. The
epidermal cells are elongated to such an extent that the hairs
are separated by considerable intervals; this, together with the
act that hairs are less frequently produced, accounts for the
very perceptible difference with regard to hairiness in the two

386 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE

forms. Stomata (fig. 52) are more abundant and are not sunk
as in the sun-form.

A comparison of longitudinal sections through the base of the

Figs. 48-55.

Leaves of Holcus mollis growing under different conditions,

Fig. 48. Sun-form leaf in Trans. Sect.
49. Lower epidermal cells of ditto.
50. “Shade "-leaf of Holcus mollis, reflexed form. Trans, Sect.
51. Lower epidermal cells of ditto.
52. Stomate of ditto.
53. Longitudinal Sect. base of blade of erect leaf-form.
54. Thickened cells of ditto.

55. Longitudinal Sect. base of blade of reflexed leaf-form.

—

blade at the point where it joins the sheath shows interesting
modifications in the two forms.

Fig. 53 is such a section of the erect sun-form. The cells of
the base are clear and transparent, and stand out sharply from

ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 987

the chlorophyllaeeous cells above and below. Towards the
lower surface the cells are small, four- or five-sided in section,
and for about four rows in depth distinctly thickened (fig. 54),
forming a shield-like stereom-plate. Towards the upper surface
the cells are thinner-walled and rather larger.

Fig. 55 is a section through the base of the blade of the
reflexed shade-form. In this we see that the blade has been
bent over by the great elongation of the cells of the upper
surface, many of which show distinct collenchymatous
thickening.

As Schimper points out (83), a plant strives in various ways to
obtain an ecological optimum of light. Holcus mollis affords
an interesting example of this. In sunny situations it assumes
an erect sun position. In the somewhat diffuse light of an Oak
wood its leaves curve in such a way as to expose their flat
surfaces to light ; and when growing under trees where the light
above is practically cut off, but strikes the plant obliquely or
horizontally, its blades become strongly and permanently re-
flexed, and their flat surfaces exposed to the direetion of the
incident rays.

Vaccinium MynriLLUs, Linn. Bilberry.

This species is especially abundant in the open Pine woods *
of the Millstone-Grit area, and in the dry Oak and Birch woods
it forms, together with Calluna and Deschampsia, the dominant
vegetation of the undergrowth. It quickly dies out over the
Coal-Measure shales and clays, and under the deep shade of
Sycamore, Elm, and Beech, being confined in this area mainly to
the drier soils over sandstone. To the west, it extends beyond the
limit of the woods, isabundant along the dry moor edges and slopes,
butis displaced to a large extent by cotton-grass (Eriophorum vagi-
natum) on the deep ill-drained peat, to reappear again in somewhat
extensive masses on the hill-summits at 1600 feet and upwards.

* During a recent tour in the Eastern and Swiss Alps, I was much struck
by the habit of this species in the Spruce forests. Here it grows in forests of
such density as appear to be fatal to it in the Huddersfield district, probably
owing to the density of the smoke-cloud characteristic of this part of West
Yorkshire; whereas the intense sunlight of the Alps penetrates the forests
sufficiently to favour its development, but it assumes a very characteristic
habit: it forms flat branched plates, all the leaves exposing their upper
surfaces to the light, being a very striking shade-type. While the plants
growing in the open have their branches more erect, the leaves are erect and
parallel to the stems and so expose their edges to the light, a typical sun-habit,

388 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE

In these different situations the plant varies much in size.
Typically from one to two feet in height, it may, in exposed
windy situations and in a shallow soil deficient in humus, be not
more than two to three inches in height, as on the western grassy
slopes of Meltham Cop and at Cheese Gate Nab. Here the
stem is much branched, very thin and wiry, and the cuticle of
the epidermis much thieker than that of the taller larger plants.
The internodes are greatly reduced, and in consequence the
leaves, though very small (3 X4 inch), become much crowded
together, so offering mutual protection. This dwarf form is of
frequent occurrence in places where the soil is relatively dry
and deficient in humus. Schröter (84) figures similar differences
in V. Vitis-idea and V. uliginosum, the small-leaved form of the
latter species having received the name var. microphyllum.

Plants growing in very exposed situations frequently develop
brown or red pigments, which, as Kerner (52) and others have
pointed out, is a common feature in leaves exposed to cold
and intense light. Overton (76) has shown that these red
pigments were produced under the influence of cold ; and Stahl
(91) previously made the interesting observation that portions
of leaves containing such pigments had, when illuminated, a
higher temperature than parts not so coloured ; and Rathay (80),
Wiesner (104), and others have shown that transpiration is
less in red than in green leaves. This sequence of events is
interesting: that cold produces in leaves pigments which, under
the influence of light, occasion compensatory warmth, and such
leaves have also a reduced transpiration, all features of great
value to a plant exposed to xerophytie conditions. In different
species these pigments are produced under various, even opposite
conditions, as shown by Katié (51), to whose paper, also to
Busealioni & Pollaeei (11) and Czapek (21), reference may be
made for literature and full consideration of the subject.

Fig. 56 shows a transverse section of a leaf of the high
Moorland-form ; the epidermis is strongly cuticularized, and the
double row of palisade-cells well developed, the upper ones being
much elongated and occupying nearly half the thickness of the
leaf. Stomata are abundant on the under surface, but very few
on the upper surface, and here they occur chiefly in the neighbour-
hood ofthe veins. In extreme forms from very exposed, sunny
and dry situations no stomata were found on the upper surface,
wbile they were numerous on both surfaces in the shade-forms.

ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 889

Fig. 57 is a section of a very small leaf from the dwarf form,
which scarcely rises above the short grass among which it grows.
The leaf is thinner than the previous type, but has a very compact
mesophyll—a feature of importance in reducing transpiration.

Leaves of Vaccinium Myrtillus growing under different conditions,

Fig. 56. T. S. leaf of typical Moorland form.
57. T. S, leaf of dwarf small-leaved form.
58. T. S. leaf of Woodland shade-form.
59. Hair of leaf.
60. Multicellular gland of leaf.

Fig. 58 is a section of a leaf from the form growing in a
sheltered Oak wood on the Millstone-Grit escarpment. The
leaf is much larger but thinner than the previous forms; the
upper epidermis is very slightly cuticularized, air-spaces are

390 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE

frequent in the palisade-layer and large in the spongy parenchyma.
The chlorophyll granules are less abundant than in the two
previous forms, and the leaf is distinctly paler, and, as above
stated, stomata occur abundantly on both surfaces.

The leaf of the Bilberry is usually described as glabrous, but
close examination shows that on both surfaces, especially on the
upper surface, are numerous unicellular hairs with thick and
warted walls (fig. 59). In addition to these, each tooth of the
leaf-margin is terminated by a clavate multicellular hair with
thin walls, and, when young, filled with finely granular contents
(fig. 60). At the base of each hair ends a fine veinule. In an
old leat the contents turn brown and the hairs become shrivelled.
These hairs are usually curved in such a way as to apply their
apices to the upper surface of the leaf. A few are also found
on both upper and lower surfaces chiefly over the veins; they
also occur on the margin and near the base of the slightly
channelled petiole. The contents are readily plasmolysed by a
solution of sodium chloride, and they soon regain turgidity in
water, showing their walls to be permeable. Experiments similar
to those described by Pfeffer (78), Gregory (39), and others
suggest them to be capable of absorbing water. Hairs occur on
the under surface and on the leaf-margin of Vaccinium Vitis-
idea, and are stated by Lundström (61) and Kerner (52) to be
absorptive. Lundström described many absorptive hairs, and ina
list he gives the Bilberry is included. Wille (108) has shown, by
means of a 1-per-cent. solution of lithium chlorate and subsequent
spectroscopic examination, that many are capable of absorbing,
but he sharply criticises Lundstrém’s contention that they are
“adaptive ” structures; while Gregory (39), Schimper (83), and
others have given numerous illustrations of hairs functioning
as absorptive organs, some performing the double function of
absorption and excretion. Drabble and Lake (24) have recently
made some useful observations which bear directly on the point
under consideration. In comparing the strength of the cell-
sap of the epidermis of several species of plants growing under
different conditions, they find, for example, that the cell-sap of
Geranium Robertianum growing under moist conditions has a
strength equal to a solution of sodium chloride having a concen-
tration in gram-molecules of +11, while the same species growing
on rocks under xerophytie conditions had a cell-sap equal to 18.

ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 391

Vaceinium Myrtillus was one of the species they examined, and
its sap had a density represented by *23. Their assumption is a
reasonable one, that a relatively high concentration of the cell-sap
will favour the rapid absorption of water, and so be of service to
plants growing under xerophytic conditions.

(b) SECONDARY AND SUBORDINATE SPECIES.

Other species have been examined whose distribution is more
restricted; three of these, Heracleum Sphondylium, Lamium
Galeobdolon, and Mercurialis perennis, are often locally abundant
in the moist Oak woods of the Coal-Measures, and they show
well-marked structural differences iu different habitats.

HERACLEUM SPHONDYLIUM, Linn. Hogweed: Cow-Parsnip.
b D H

This species is of common occurrence in the moist Oak and
Sycamore woods, especially in parts where the ground has been
disturbed. It is also frequently met with in open sunny places,
as in fields and banks. In the more exposed situations it is
often less than a foot in height. Its leaves are much reduced
in area, and are thick and hairy. Fig. 61 (p. 392) is a transverse
section of such a leaf from a plant growing on the sandy soil of
the Gritstone Plateau ; the epidermis is seen to be strongly cuti-
eularized and distinetly eorrugated. In surface view the cells
are oval or rounded and slightly wavy in outline (fig. 62). The
cells of the palisade are very long and narrow, and consist of a
single layer only, oceupying more than half of the mesophyll.
Below this is a layer of more rounded cells followed by two rows
which are much elongated, and united in such a way as to form a
characteristic network when seen in surface view.

Plants growing in the shade are not only taller, but the area
of the leaf is greatly increased and is less hairy and very thin.
The epidermal cells are larger and much more wavy in outline
than in the sun-form (fig. 63), and they are very thin-walled.
The cells of the palisade (fig. 64) are greatly reduced and are
pear-shaped, exposing their broad upper surfaces to the light,
and the air-spaces between them are large. Below this is a
network formed by two layers of spongy tissue, and the cells of
the lower epidermis are thin-walled and the stomata raised.

It has been shown by Noll (73) and Schimper (83) that plants
growing in deep shade exhibit lens mechanisms in their epidermal

392 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE

and other cell-walls. While examining sections of the shade-form
of Heracleum, it appeared that the curvature of the upper wall
of the epidermal cell seemed to be directly correlated with the
form of the palisade-cells below it. The general effect of this
curvature is to produce a central area of increased, but not
uniform, light intensity, which is bounded by a shadow ; and as a
consequence of this differential lighting the modifications in the
palisade-cells seemed attributable. In the sun-form this boundary

Figs. 61-64.

ài

D D
ur E.

Fig. 61. T. S. * Sun"-leaf of Heracleum Sphondylium.
62. Surface view upper epidermis of ditto.
63. T. S. * Shade "-leaf of H. Sphondylium.
64. Surface view upper epidermis of ditto.

of shadow may be of service in protecting the chlorophyll
corpuscles from the injurious effects of intense light, as the
mechanism is such that the chlorophyll corpuscles may circulate
in an area of relative shadow.

One of my students (Mr. J. W. H. Johnson), while kindly
preparing sections for me, worked out in detail several interesting
points with reference to these modified lens mechanisms, the
results of which will be shortly published. Haberlandt’s
recently published monograph (41) gives an excellent exposition
of the lens mechanisms of epidermal cells. The form in Heracleum
is of a somewhat different type to those figured by Haberlandt,
and more recently by Guttenberg (40) in Adoxa, &c.

ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 393

Figs. 65-68.

DE

“Sun” and “Shade” leaves of Lamium Galeobdolon.

65

Fig. 66. Trans. Sect. of 65. From an open Oak wood.
68. Trans. Sect. of 67. From a plant growing under shade of Beech

(Fagus).
LAMIUM GALEOBDOLON, Crantz. Yellow Dead-nettle.

The effect of shade is very strikingly shown in both stem
and leaf of this species. Fig. 65 shows in outline (reduced) a

394 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE

leaf from a plant growing in a moist open Oak wood. Fig. 66
is a transverse section of this leaf. The epidermal cells are
strongly cuticularized in both outer, lateral, and to a less extent
on their inner walls. The lower epidermis is slightly cuticularized
on its outer wall; the palisade consists of large elongated
cells frequently containing raphides. The cells of the spongy
parenchyma are large and air-spaces are numerous. Fig. 67
shows in outline a leaf from a patch growing under the deep
shade of Sycamore and Beech ; the stems are long, very slender.
and the plants prostrate, the leaves are very small and exceed-
ingly ‘thin. Fig. 68 shows a section of one of the leaves in
which the cuticle is very thin and the cells of the mesophyll,
although consisting of three layers, are exceedingly small and
contain few or no raphides, while the stomata on the under
surface are distinctly raised.

MERCURIALIS PERENNIS, Linn. Dog’s Mercury.

This species not only occurs abundantly in damp woods, where
large patches are developed due to its vegetative mode of
increase, but is also a common plant of the hedgerows. Fig. 69
is a transverse section of a leat from a shade-area of Sycamore

Figs. 69 & 70.

Transverse sections. Leaves of Mercurialis perennis.

Fig. 69 from a leaf growing in a sunny situation.
D [7]
Fig. 70 M " in shade of Acer and Ulmus.

and Elm on a damp, clayey soil. The epidermis is thin-walled;
mesophyll reduced to three rows of cells; air-spaces relatively
large, with frequent erystal saes beneath the upper epidermis.
The leaf is very thin.

ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 395

Fig. 70 is a section of a leaf of the sun-form from a hedgerow.
The upper epidermis is distinctly cuticularized ; palisade-cells
much elongated, displaced at intervals by crystal sacs ; spongy
parenchyma in three layers; air-spaces relatively small. The
leaf is distinctly thicker and firmer than the shade-form.

SUMMARY.

The vegetation of the Huddersfield district is naturally divided
into three parallel zones :—

(1) Tox Moss Moor, a part of the Pennines ranging in
altitude from 1700 to 1000 feet. Of the three zones it is the
most exposed, the climatic conditions are extreme, the soil
consists chiefly of deep ill-drained peat, on which Eriophorum
vaginatum dominates with very few associates. On the higher,
drier ridges and moor-edges, Vaccinium AMyrtillus with ericaceous
plants are dominant. Though now practically a treeless region,
there is much evidence that forests of Betula &c. extended over
a considerable part of it, and much buried timber is found at the
base of the peat. At the present time Quercus dies out at
1200 feet. A characteristic vegetation of Pteris aquilina with
xerophyte associates covers the hill-slopes and forms a transition
region to Zone 2.

(2) Tux Muinrsrone-Grir PraTEAU occupies the central
portion of the distriet, and the altitude ranges from 1000 to
500 feet. In contrast to the Moss Moor, it consists of a series
of fine plateaus with a general dip to the south-east, The rocks
consist mainly of coarse-grained, jointed sandstones, overlaid by
shallow pervious soils and in parts by thin, relatively dry peat.
It is fully exposed to the sun and drying east winds, and
although the rainfall is moderately high (42 inches), water so
readily percolates or is drained off that it is a typical, physio-
logically dry area, and the vegetation is consequently xerophytic ;
ericaceous plants and xerophytie grasses dominating. Oak is
the dominant tree, with Birch and Pine. All the trees are
planted, but often on the sites of primitive forest, and Oak was
formerly much more abundant than at present in this zone.

(3) Tue Coan-Mrasure Amnra.—In general the altitude
ranges from 500 to 200 feet, except to the south-east, where it

396 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE

rises to 1200 feet. The rocks consist of fine-grained sandstones
alternating with extensive deposits of shales and clays. The
soils are often deep, frequently covered with much humus, and
retain much water. Climatie conditions are medium, and
although the rainfall is much lower (33 inches) than in Zone 2,
owing to the nature of the soil water is more constant and the
vegetation is mesophytie, except on soils over sandstone and in
the higher parts, where xerophytes extend from the Gritstone
Plateau.

In a district like the one under consideration, where Glacial
deposits are absent, and soils owe their origin largely to the
denudation of the underlying rocks, a solid-geology map is of
ereat value when making a primary analysis. It has here been
shown that a comparison between such a geological map and a
vegetation map is very instructive and suggestive ; that a change
in geological formations and soil-conditions is accompanied by a
change in plant-associations.

It has been shown that carefully selected small areas studied
in detail, and the results shown on lines such as the present
Wood-maps, help considerably to bring out the main factors
affecting plant-distribution ; and it is believed that such maps
could be usefully introduced in connection with larger surveys
to supplement the features illustrated in small-scale maps. The
results indicate that the study of small associations will materially
aid the study of plant-geography, and bring to light many inter-
esting points in the life-histories of the species.

The present study indicates that, in this district, the physical
properties of the soil and accompanying conditions play a more
important part in determining the character of plant-associations
and the distribution of species than the chemical composition of
the soil.

The dominant elements of an association tend to form a
biological unit, and in the case of the Meso-pteridetum (Scilla,
Holcus, and Pteris) dealt with we have a complementary associa-
tion, the subaerial parts being in, or tending to occupy, definite
and different layers, i. e. edaphically complementary, and the
aerial parts are seasonally complimentary.

On the other hand, we have in the Xero-pteridetum an associa-
tion where the dominant species (Vaccinium, Calluna, Pteris, and

ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 397

Deschampsia), owing to soil-conditions, oceupy the same layer;
and after we have made allowance for differences in food require-
ments, they still form a competitive association, and sometimes
one, sometimes the other species gains the upper hand. In this
connection very little work seems to have been done, aud further
study will doubtless lead to interesting results.

In studying the vegetation in the transition region from the
relatively dry Millstone Grits to the moister Coal-Measures, we
find that the line of demarcation, though evident, is not sharply
drawn between the two biological types; but as the xerophytes
invade the region of the mesophytes, and come under the
mellowing influences of moisture and shade, increased tempe-
rature and greater protection, they tend to lose their xerophytie
characters and take on mesophytie characters. The reverse also
holds good—that as the mesophytes eneroach on the xerophytes,
and come under the influences of drier and more rigorous con-
ditions, they develop xerophytie characters.

These changes in soil and other conditions act more com-
pletely as barriers to some species than to others, but in the
case of species not so restricted in their distribution, differences
in physiological water and food-supply, presence or absence of
peat or humus, produce striking modifications in their form and
structure (e.g. Pteris and Vaccinium Myrtillus).

The influence of the dominant tree determines in a varying
degree the distribution of the species (e. g. Pteris), and not only
affects the amount of transpiration in the plants of the under-
growth, but also brings about modifications in structure, resulting
from the amount of shade produced and accompanying conditions,
e.g. Pteris, Scilla festalis, Deschampsia flexuosa, Holcus mollis,
Heracleum Sphondylium, Lamium Galeobdolon, and Mercurialis
perennis—each showing well-marked sun and shade, xerophytic
and mesophytie structures according to environment.

Variations in light-intensity or the direction of the incident
rays not only affect the structure, but also the habit of the plant,
e. g. Holcus mollis and Vaccinium Myrtillus.

The several species of an association vary considerably as to
their power of adaptability, and therefore in their range of dis-
tribution, e. g. Pteris as compared with Calluna. In general the
less plastic a species is, the narrower is its range of structural
variation and the more restricted is its distribution.

LINN. JOURN. —BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII. 2r

398 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE

Changes in structure are produced by varying degrees of
exposure to which the species are subjected, the modifications
being concerned largely with conserving water by checking
evaporation, e. g. thick cuticle, reduced number of stomata, more
compact mesophyll and hairiness ; or the development of water-
storage tissues. In some cases, hairs may function as water-
organs, e. g. Vaccinium Myrtillus; or the modifications may be
such as to provide a means of eliminating excess of water, e. g.
thin cuticle, increased number of stomata, increased leaf-surface,
larger intercellular spaces in the mesophyll, &e.

The tissues most susceptible are the epidermal and ground-
tissues, and not only are those of the leaf-blade affected, but
also those of the petiole and rhizome, e. g. Pteris.

Modifications occur which are of mechanical advantage to the
plant in aiding it to resist stresses due to wind in exposed
situations. Others are of advantage in supporting relatively
large leaves on slender leaf-stalks developed in sheltered situa-
tions in deep shade, e. g. Pteris.

I wish to express my thanks to Miss H. M. Sikes, who has
rendered much assistance throughout the work. I am also
indebted to Mr. W. E. L. Wattam for help in mapping the
distribution of species; to Messrs. J. W. H. Johnson and
Edward Lodge for the trouble they have taken in making
analyses of soils; to Miss B. Lomax for her great assistance in
the preparation of sections and drawings; also to Mr. F. O.
Mosley for help in the preparation of the maps.

T also wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to the Earl of
Dartmouth and to Sir Thomas Brooke, Bart., for their kindness
in permitting free access to the woods on their estates.

ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS, 399

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—— Biologie der Pflanzen, 1902, p. 11.

Untersuchungen über den Lichtgenuss der Pflanzen im
Yellowstonegebiete und in anderen Gegenden Nordamerikas.
Sitzungsber. d. kais. Akad. der Wissensch. Wien, Mathem.-
naturw. Klasse, Dd. cxiv. Abt. i., Feb. 1905, p. 54.

Wir, N. Kritische Studien über die Anpassungen der Pflanzen
an Regen und Thau. Cohn’s Beiträge zur Biologie der Pflanzen,
Bd. iv, 1887, p. 285.

Woonpnurap, T. W. The Bilberry (Vaccinium Myrtillus, L.).
Halifax Naturalist, 1899, p. 92.

Notes on the Bluebell (Sela festalis, Salisb.). Naturalist,

1904, Feb, & March.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS,

1. Map showing the distribution of trees in Birks Wood : p. 338.

2. p» » n bracken in Birks Wood: p. 339.

3. » » » Scilla festalis in Birks Wood ;
p. 940.

4. " » » soils in Birks Wood : p. 340.

5. » » » dominant grasses in Birks

Wood: p. 342.
6. Vertical section of soil in dense Scilla area, showing Holcus,
Pteris, and Scilla layers: p. 344.
7. Map showing the distribution of trees in the woods at Armitage
Bridge : p. 348.
8. Map showing the distribution of the dominant plants of the
undergrowth in the woods at Armitage Bridge: p. 340.
9, Map showing the distribution of the dominant trees in the
Huddersfield District: p. 352.
10. Map showing the distribution of plants common in the under-
growth of the woods of the Huddersfield District: p. 353.
11. Map showing the distribution of Xerophytes and Mesophytes in
a portion of the Huddersfield District : p. 304.

ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 405

Fig. 12. Geological map of the area indicated in fig. 10: p. 364.
13. T. S.* of a pinnule of Pteris aquilina from a plant growing under
xerophytic conditions on the Gritstone Plateau : p. 970.
14. T. S. pinnule from a plant growing in the medium shade of an
Oak wood: p. 370.
15. T. S. pinnule from a plant growing under the shade of Sycamore
p. 370.
16. T. S. pinnule from a plant growing under the deep shade of
Beech: p. 370.
17. T. S. leaf-stalk from exposed situation of Gritstone Plateau:
p. 973.
18. T. S. portion of same ; x 150 diam. : p. 373.
19. T. S. leaf-stalk, Oak-wood form : p. 372.
20. T. S. portion of same; x 150 diam. : p. 373.
21. T. S. leaf-stalk from a very large frond from moist Oak wood:
p. 372.
22. Portion of 21; x 150 diam. : p. 373.
23. T. S. lenf-stalk of an immature shade-form : p. 372.
24. T. S. portion of 23; x 150 diam.: p. 373.
25. T. S. leaf-stalk, mature shade-form : p. 372.
26. T. S. portion of 25; x 150 diam.: p. 373.
27. T. S. slender leaf-stalk, Oak-wood form: p. 372.
28. T. S. portion of 27; x 150 diam.: p. 373.
29. T. S. rhizome of a plant growing under shade of Beech : p. 378.
T. S. portion of 29; x 150 diam. : p. 378.
31. T. S. rhizome of a plant growing in an exposed dry sandy soil :
p. 378.
S. portion of 31; x 150 diam.: p. 378.
. S. typical leaf of Scilla festalis : p. 380.
S. portion of 33; x 150 diam.: p. 380.
S. leaf of Scilla growing under shade of Beech ; p. 350.
S. portion of 35 ; x 150 diam. : p. 380.

e
MESI
eee

36. T
T. S. leaf of Scilla growing in a sunny situation ; p. 380.

38. T. S. portion of 87; x 150 diam.: p. 380.
T. S. portion of ditto showing formation of hypodermis: p. 380.
T. S. much thickened cells of midrib of 38: p. 380.

4l. Portion of leaf-base of Scilla, showing position of abciss-layer :

p. 381.

42. L.S. of 41 passing through abciss-layer : p. 381.

43. A, B, C. Three elongated bulbs of Scilla, March 2nd : p. 382.
D, E, F. The same bulbs as they appeared on April 11th.
G, H, I. Ditto on April 26th,

* T.S. = transverse section; L.S. = longitudinal section.

LINN. JOURN.— BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII. 26

ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS.

. T.S. leaf of Deschampsia flexuosa : p. 384.

. T. S. portion of 44, from an exposed dry situation: p. 384.

. T. S. ditto, growing in medium shade of moist Oak wood : p. 384.
. T. S. ditto, growing in deep shade of moist Beech wood : p. 384.
3. T. S. leaf of Holcus mollis, exposed sun-form : p. 986.

. Lower epidermis of 48: p. 386.

. T. S. leaf of Holcus mollis, reflexed shade-form. : p. 386.

. Lower epidermis of 50: p. 386.

. Stomate of 51: p. 386.

. L.S. through base of blade of sun-form of Holcus mollis: p. 386.
. Thickened cells of 53; x 150 diam. : p. 386.

. L.S. through base of blade of reflexed shade-form of Holcus

mollis : p. 986.

56. T. S. leaf of Vaccinium M yrtillus, typical moorland form : p. 389.
57. T. S. » "1 dwarf, exposed form : p. 389.
58. T. 5. » » woodland form : p. 389.

59. Hair of Vaccinium Myrtillus ; p. 389.

60. Multicellular gland of Vaccinium Myrtillus : p. 389.

Gl. T. S. leaf of Heracleum Sphondylium, exposed sun-form : p. 502.
62, Surface view of upper epidermis of 61: p. 392.

3. Surface view af upper epidermis of shade-form : p. 392.

. T. S. leaf of shade-form : p. 392.

. Leaf of Lamium Galeobdolon, from an open Oak wood : p. 393.
. T. S. leaf of 65: p. 398.

. Leaf of ditto, growing und. shade of Beech : p. 393.

jR, T. S. leaf of 67 : p. 393.

, T. S. leaf of Mercurialis perennis, shade-form : p. 394.

. T. S. leaf of Mercurialis perennis, exposed sun-form : p. 394.

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OF

THE LINNEAN SOCIETY.

Vor. XXXVII. BOTANY. No. 262.
CONTENTS.
Page
I. On two new Species of Populus from Darjeeling. By
H. H. Hares, F.L.S. (With text-figures) .... ... 407

II. On the Conifers of China. By MaxwErL T. Masters,
M.D., F.R.S., F.L.S. Corresponding Member of the
Institute of France, Académie des Sciences ......... 410

III. A Contribution to the Botany of Southern Rhodesia. j
By Miss L. S. Gress, F.L.S. (Plates 17-20) ...... 425

IV. Plante nove Daweans in Uganda lecte. By Orro
Srapr, Ph.D., F.L.S. In collaboration with T. A.
SPRAGUE, B.Sc., F.L.S., R. A. Rowers, A.L.S., C. B.
CríankE, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S,, M. T. Dawz, and
C. H. Wnreur, A.L.S. (Plates 21 & 22, and Map). 495

Index, Title-page, and Contents.

See Notice on last page of Wrapper.

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LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.

LIST OF THE OFFICERS AND COUNCIL,
Elected 24th May, 1906.

PRESIDENT.
Prof. W. A. Herdman, D.Sc., F.R.S.

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Dr. Horace T. Brown, F.R.S. Miss Ethel Sargant.
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and serve till the succeeding Anniversary. ‘The Committee meets as
required during the Session. The Members for 1906-1907, in addition to
the officers, are :—

Prof. A. Dendy. Dr. Otto Stapf.
Herbert Druce, F.Z.8, A. G. Tansley, M.A.
Auvony Gepp, M.A, F. N. Williams, Esq.

Dr. G, Henderson. Dr. A. Smith Woodward, F.R.S.

ON TWO NEW SPECIES OF POPULUS. 407

On Two New Species of Populus from Darjeeling.
By H. H. Harves, F.L.S.

[Read 7th June, 1906.]

Tue three species of Populus here dealt with are :—

natsize |

P.ciliata, Hook.f. ^ P.Gamblei,nobis' P.glauca,Haines.

1. Porutus criata, Royle, Ilustr. (1839) p. 346, t. 84a.
figg. 1 et h, i, k, l, m; folis ovato-lanceolatis, basi leviter
cordatis aut truncatis ; fructu ovoideo subgloboso, sepe
3-carpellari, glabro; spice rhachide glabrà.— DOC. Prodr. xvi.
pars 2, p. 329; Brandis, Forest Fl. p. A75; Hook. f. Fl. Brit.
Ind. v. p. 638 (syn. P. rotundifolia, Griff. excl.) ; Wallich, List,
n. 2796. Cf. fig. nostram, suprà.

P. pyriformis, Royle, Illustr. p. 344 nomen.

Buoran ; Griffith, nn. 957, 2559. Lachen; alt. 6000-9000
feet, Hook. f.—Frequent in the Western Himalaya.

2. PopuLus GaMBLEI, nobis (an Dode?); folis ovato-
lanceolatis, basi leviter cordatis vel truncatis vel subtrapezoideis ;
fructu e basi ellipsoidea oblongo-lineari, 2-carpellari, glabro, valvis
maturatis recurvatis. Cf. fig. nostram, suprà.

KarrwPOooNG; Gamble, nn. 2646 A, 7607; alt. 3500 feet,
Haines, nn. 997, 997 a.

Of P. Gamblei, Dode, in Mém. Soc. d'Hist. Nat. d'Autun
[Monog. Populus, 63, n. 103], the deseription is so imperfect
tuat it is extremely doubtful whether it refers to P. Gamblei,
nobis.—Mr. Gamble, Indian Timbers (1902), p. 690, says :—

LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL, XXXVII, 2H

408 MR. H. H. HAINES ON

“ There is a Darjeeling species found in woods about Kalimpoong
and Dumsong; apparently included in P. ciliata, Wall. in Hook. f.
Fl. Brit. Ind. It is probably a distinct species, aud is easily
recognized by the leaves being square instead of cordate at the
insertion of the petiole.” Mr. Gamble is quite right as to this
being a distinct species, but my photographs and specimens
show that it cannot be recognized by the character of the leaves
given.

3. Poputus aLAUCA, Haines, sp. nova; folis ovatis aeutis,
basi leviter cordatis aut truncatis aut in petiolum breviter
decurrentibus; fructu subgloboso, sspe 2-carpellari, piloso ;
spice rhachide pilosa. Cf. fig. nostram, p. 407.

ToxGLo; alt. 7500-10,000 feet, Haines, n. 8206.

This species is closely allied to P. lanuginosa, Oliver; Hook.
Ic. PI. (1900) t. 1943, cf. Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xxvi.
(1899) p. 536. This Yunnan species has ovoid-oblong white-
woolly fruits and leaves deeply cordate at base.

[Not further referred to in this paper is P. rotundifolia,
Griff. Private Journ. (1847) p. 290; Notule, iv. p. 382; Ie.
Pl. Asiat. Rar. t. 546 (= Liquidambar sp., Griff. Itin. Notes
(1848) p. 172).—This is the older name for JP. microcarpa,
Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. v. p. 639, which gives, as the one locality
for P. microcarpa, “about Panga and towards Chupeha, alt.
7600 feet, Griff,” which is the locality where Griffith. obtained
his P. rotundifolia. |

The principal point of interest concerning P. Gamble: to which
I now wish to draw attention is the dimorphism of the leaves
and shoots, which is possibly due to fungus agency. The
normal leaves are quite glabrous; they attain only 6 by 4 iu.,
have a straight or obtuse base and a slender petiole. In October
1904, I collected leaves of a Poplar which were very pubescent or
even villous beneath. The smallest were about 6 in. long, and
many attained 13 by 10 in.; the base was cordate, the petiole
thick and comparatively short. There were, moreover, two large
glands developed at the base of the leaf just above the petiole.
No two species of the genus could, in fact, appear more distinct
than this tree did and the normal form first described. There
were, however, trees not far off with some branches bearing one

TWO NEW SPECIES OF POPULUS. 409

form of leaf and others the other form ; and I have sinee repeat-
edly discovered gradations between them. It will be seen that
the cordate base of the second form nullifies the only character
given in Gamble's ‘Manual’ for discriminating between this
species and P. ciliata, Royle, P. Gamblei grows at an elevation
of 1000-4000 feet. The photographs and examples exhibited
show the two forms of leaves and the female inflorescence.

The most interesting characters of P. glauca are the
frequency of 2-sexual charaeters and the large development of
the perianth. The Poplars are usually described as diccious
without any qualification, while Pax, in Engler u. Prantl, * Die
natürl. Pflanzenfamilien, remarks that the separation of the
sexes is complete. Sargent, ‘ Silva Americana,’ ix. p- 151, states
that “individual trees bearing staminate and pistillate amenta,
and also amenta with staminate and pistillate flowers mixed
together, occasionally oceur in the United States.” But I know
of no record of 2-sexual flowers.

I first observed a tree of Populus glauca in June, in ripe fruit.
I visited this tree again on 20 April, the following year, in full
flower; the flowers were all 2-sexual and 1 in. in diameter; the
so-called dise is expanded into an unequally 5-7-fid membrane
with segments 3-¢ in. long. There were 6-12 stamens inserted at
the base of this perianth on its very short tube; these are
practically hypogynous. At the same date (20 April) I examined
trees of Populus glauca, distant about 10 miles from the first-
discovered tree, scattered for two miles along a ridge. I examined
13 trees. Of these, 4 were entirely female; the others were
entirely 2-sexual, or with both 2-sexual and female flowers.
There was not a single male tree. This scarcity of male trees
has also been observed in the case of Populus ciliata, Royl
Very many of the 2-sexual flowers on these trees had only 1, 2, 3,
or 4 stamens. The flowers appeared protogynous.

lam greatly indebted to Dr. Stapf aud Sir D. Brandis for
having kindly undertaken for me the arduous task of ascertain-
ing whether the name of “glauca” proposed by me for this
species was preoccupied or not, and for the above reference to
the ‘Silva Americana.’

The localities mentioned are all in Sikkim and Darjeeling
District, or adjacent thereto.

2H 2

410 DR. M. T. MASTERS ON

L
On the Conifers of China. By Maxwrri T. Masters, M.D.,
F.R.S., F.L.S., Corresponding Member of the Institute of
France, Académie des Sciences.

[Read 7th June, 1906.]

In the present communication I have endeavoured to do for
China what I have previously attempted in the case of Japan
(see Masters, ** On the Conifers of Japan,” in Journ. Linn. Soc.,
Bot. xviii. (1880) p. 473).

In the Journal of the Linnean Society, Bot. vol. xxvi. (1902)
pp. 540 et seq., I have also contributed to the Enumeration of
Chinese Plants by Forbes & Hemsley a list with references and
synonyms of all the Conifers then known to be natives of the
Chinese Empire. That list, although prepared several years
previously, was not published till October 1902. Since that
time Dr. Henry and Mr. E. H. Wilson have enriched our
collections with numerous examples. Mr. Wilson travelled in
Central and in Western China, on behalf of Messrs. James Veitch
& Sons of Chelsea, and not only collected largely but succeeded
in introducing numerous species to the nurseries of his employers.
The species collected in his first journey were enumerated in the
‘Journal of Botany,’ vol. xli. (1903) p. 267. His second journey
from Ichang along the Yang-tse-kiang to the extreme West of
China and northward to the Tibetan frontier, a little south of
lat. 33? and in long. 104°, was still more prolific in novelties.
Some account of his travels is given in the ‘ Gardeners’
Chronicle’ for 1905-6, in which Journal also some of the plants
known to be in cultivation have been figured and described. In
the present communication it is intended to present a list of the
Conifers collected by Mr. Wilson on both of his journeys, and to
give descriptions of those forms hitherto undescribed. Refer-
ence is in all eases made to the several species enumerated in
the Journ. Linn. Soe., Bot. xxvi. (1902) before alluded to, and
to those mentioned in the * Journal of Botany,' vol. xli. (1903).
The Catalogue now given is as complete as circumstances permit ;
it is, however, not necessary to repeat the details previously
published concerning certain species either in the Index or in
the paper on the Conifers of Japan. The names of the species

THE CONIFERS OF CHINA. 411

recorded by Hayata from Formosa, by Matsumura *, and by
Henry t are included. Ihave also availed myself of Dr. Heinrich
Mayr's recently published work on the forest-trees suitable for
growth in Europe i. Dr. Mayr's observations in the forests of
North China, Japan, and the United States confer great weight
on his opinions as to the identification and limitations of
species.

I am under great obligations to Messrs. Veitch for placing at
my disposal a complete set of specimens collected by Wilson,
and to the collector himself for information concerning several of
the species. I have also to thank Dr. Henry, Sir Dietrich
Brandis, Sir George Watt, Mr. Duthie, and Mr. C. B. Clarke
for valuable suggestions and information concerning the
Himalayan Conifers, some of which are nearly related to
those of Western China. Those gentlemen, however, must not
be considered responsible for auy opinions expressed in the
course of this communication. A comparison of the present
list with that published in my monograph of the Conifers of
Japan, already alluded to, presents several features of interest.
Reference may be made to that paper for notes on the distri-
bution of species &e. which it is not necessary to repeat on this
occasion. Some of the trees are closely allied or identical with
Eastern Himalayan forms, whilst others present similar relation-
ships to Japanese species. A large number of species are endemic,
and the proportion of “new species" is large, especially in the
genus Picea. It is not improbable that subsequent researches
iu the field may result in the discovery of intermediate forms;
but the opinions now recorded have been arrived at after
examination of existing material, repeated comparison of allied
species, and consultation with Dr. Henry and other botanists
familiar with the vegetation of China and adjacent countries.

Libocedrus macrolepis, Benth. ; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc.,
Bot. xxvi. (1902) p. 540; Mayr, Fremdlünd. Wald- und Park-
Dane, p. 316.

Yunnan (Henry 11566!) ; Szemao, cult. (Wilson 76 !).

Formosa.

* Matsumura on the Distribution of Formosan Conifers, Tokyo Botanical
Society, 22 April, 1905.

T Henry, Trans. Asiat. Soc. Japan, vol. xxv. Suppl. p. 90.

1i Mayr,‘ Fremdlandische Wald- und Park-Baüme,' 1906.

412 DR. M. T. MASTERS ON

The distribution of the species of Libocedrus is peculiar, since
they are found in New Zealand, the Chilian Andes, North-
Western America, and Southern China. Zeiller, * Éléments de
Paléobotanique? (1900), mentions the genus as occurring in the
middle and upper Cretaceous beds as well as in the Tertiary
strata. See also Renault, ‘Cours de Botanique Fossile’ (1885),
p. 136.

Thuya ($ Biota) orientalis, Linn.; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Koc.,
Bot. xxvi. (1902) p. 540; Mayr, l. c. p. 203.

(Wilson 3011 !).

Formosa (Hayata).

T. sutchuanensis, Franch. in Journ. de Bot. (1899) p. 262.

Mountains of Szecuuay, ait. 1400 met. (Pere Farges !).

M. Franchet regards this as distinct. In the Journ. Linn.
Soc., Bot. xxvi. (1902) p. 540, I have pointed out the close
resemblanee to 7. plicata of Donn, the N.W. American species
often called 7. gigantea. It is also very close to the Japanese
species T. japonica.

Cupressus (§ Chamacyparis) formosensis, Matsumura, in Bot.
Mag. Tokyo (1901), p. 137.
Fonwosa, in monte Morrison ( Honda).

C. funebris, Endl., Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xxvi.
(1902) p. 540.
(Wilson 3012!). West Hurrun (Wilson 335 !).

C. sempervirens, Linn.; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xxvi.
(1902) p. 541.

Juniperus chinensis, Lina.; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot.
xxvi. (1902) p. 541; Mayr, l. c. p. 291.

West Huren (Wilson 1701 ! 2113! 3010! 3013 !).

Formosa (Hayata). Japas. ‘TEMPERATE HIMALAYA.

J. communis, Linn.; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xxvi.
(1902) p. 542.

Var. nana, /. c.

J. litoralis, Mavim.; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. xxvi.
(1902) p. 542.

THE CONIFERS OF CHINA. 413

Juniperus recurva, var. squamata, Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc.,
Bot. xxvi. (1902) p. 543.
West Huren (Wilson 2113 !).

J. rigida, Sieb. & Zucc.; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xxvi.
(1902) p. 543 ; Mayr, l. c. p. 291.

West Hoven (Wilson 370!).

Formosa (teste Hayata). JAPAN.

J. spherica, Lindl.; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xxvi.
(1902) p. 543.

J. taxifolia, Hook. et Arn.; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot.
xxvi. (1902) p. 543.

SzecHuan (Wilson 428!). West Huren (Wilson 479 !).

Formosa (teste Hayata). Lucnu, &e.

Cryptomeria japonica, D. Don; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc.,
Bot. xxvi. (1902) p. 544, et xviii. (1881) p. 497 ; Mayr, l. c.
p. 278.

(Wilson 3608 !, eult.).

Formosa, ? cult. (Hayata). JAPAN.

Glyptostrobus heterophyllus, Zdl.; Mast. in Journ. Linn.
Soc., Bot. xxvi. (1902) p. 544; Mayr, l. c. p. 289.

Cephalotaxus drupacea, Sieb. 4 Zucc.; Mast. in Journ. Linn.
Soc., Bot. xxvi. (1902) p. 544; Mayr, l. c. p. 269.

West Huren (Wilson 100* !).

Formosa (teste Hayata). JAPAN.

C. Fortunei, Hook.; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xxvi.
(1902) p. 545 ; Mayr, l. c. p. 269.
West Hurrun (Wilson 100 !).

Var. concolor, Franch.; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Koc., Bot.
xxvi. (1902) p. 545.

C. Mannii, Hook. f.; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xxvi.
(1902) p. 545.

C. Oliveri, Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xxvi. (1902) p. 546
Gard. Chron. April 11, 1903, p. 227, fig. 93.
West Huren (Wilson 72).

414 DR. M. T. MASTERS ON

Cephalotaxus pedunculata, Sieb. ef Zucc.; Mast. in Journ.
Linn. Soc., Bot. xxvi. (1902) p. 545.

C. Griffithii, Hook. f. ; Mast. in Journ. of Botany, l. c. p. 269.
West Huren (Wilson 714! 2114*!).

Taxus baccata, Linn.; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xxvi.
(1902) p. 546.

West Hurren (Wilson 479! 624!) forsan ad T. cuspidatam
rectius referenda.

Torreya grandis, Fortune; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot.
xxvi. (1902) p. 546.

T. nucifera, Sieb. et Zucc.; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot.
xxvi. (1902) p. 546.
(Wilson 624^). JAPAN.

Ginkgo biloba, Linn.; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xxvi.
(1902) p. 546; Mayr, l c. p. 288.
YUNNAN. JAPAN.

Podocarpus argotznia, Hance; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc.
Bot. xxvi. (1902) p. 547.

Cuwa occid. (Wilson 1894), in planitie prope montem Omei
(Wilson 3005 !).

Formosa (teste Hayata).

,

P. macrophylla, Wall. Cat.; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Noc., Bot.
xxvi. (1902) p. 548; Mayr, l. c. p. 391.

Mr. Omer (Wilson 3007 !).

Formosa (fide Hayata). P. neriifolic affinis nisi eadem ?

P. chinensis, Wall. Cat.; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot.
xxvi. (1902) p. 547.

P. latifolia, Wall. Cat. ; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xxvi.
(1902) p. 547.
Formosa.

P. neriifolia, D. Don; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xxvi.
(1902) p. 548.

P. sutchuanensis, Pvanch.; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Boc., Bot.
xxvi. (1902) p. 548.

THE CONIFERS OF CHINA. 415

Podocarpus Nageia, R. Br.—Syn. P. Nagi, Mayr, Fremdl.
Wald- u. Park-B. p. 391.
Formosa (teste Hayata).

Dacrydium Beccarii, Parl.?; Hance, in Journ. Botany, 1883,
p. 397.
Harvax (B. C. Henry).

Cunninghamia sinensis, R. Br.; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Koc.,
Bot. xxvi. (1902) p. 548; Mayr, l. c. p. 285.
Formosa; Lru Kivu (teste Matsumura).

Pinus parviflora, Sieb. et Zucc.; Mast. in Journ. Linn, Koc.,
Bot. xxxv. (1904) p. 578, et xviii. (1881) p. 504.
Formosa (Hayata). Japan.

P. (§ Strobus) scipioniformis, Mast. in Bull. Herb. Boissier, vl.
(1898) p. 270, et in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xxvi. (1902) p. 552.
Huren (Henry).

P. koraiensis, Sieb. e£ Zucc. Fl. Jap. ii. p. 28, t. 116; Mast. in
Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. xxvi. (1902) p. 550, et xxxv. (1904)
p. 582; Mayr, l. c. p. 386.

Western CuiwA, tree 80 ft., in forests (E. H. Wilson 597 !
3017 !). West Hurrun (Wilson 662!). Formosa (Hayata).

COREA, JAPAN, KAMTSCHATKA.

P. yunnanensis, Franch. in Journ. de Bot. 1899, p. 253; Mast.
in Gard. Chron. Sept. 23, 1905, p. 226, fig. 86.

Yunnan (Delavay in herb. Paris !).

SZECHUAN and E. TrsET, Tung Valley, local (Wilson 3000 !).

The drawing of Wilson's specimens was obligingly compared
for me with Franchet’s type specimen in Paris and pronounced
to be “ identique." It is allied to P. Khasya and to a species
collected in Manipur by Sir George Watt. The differences are
pointed out in the article in the ‘ Gardeners’ Chronicle’ above

cited.

P. Armandi, Franch.; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xxvi.
(1902) p. 549, et xxxv. (1904) p. 582.
Huv»ku (Wilson 577 ! 662! 8291).

P. Bungeana, Zucc.; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Boc., Bot. xxvi.
(1902) p. 549, et xxxv. (1904) p. 590; Mayr, l. c. p. 372.
(Wilson, sine pittacio.) CHINA BOR. SHrNsr; Hupen.

416 DR. M. T. MASTERS ON

Pinus Massoniana, Lamb.; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot.
xxvi. (1902) p. 551, et xxxv. (1904) p. 611.

P. sinensis, Lamb. ; Mayr, Fremdl. Wald- u. Park-B. p. 349.

CHINA BOR., in mont. Wutai, Mayr. For numerous other
localities see Journ. Linn. Soc. 7. c. p. 551.

Formosa.

P. Henryi, Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xxvi. (1902) p. 550,
et xxxv. (1904) p. 618; Mayr, l. c. p. 357.

In the note relating to this species above cited, I inadvertently
stated that in P. densiflora the resin-canals are in the substance
of the mesophyll; but this is only occasionally the case, the
usual position is subepidermal. The cone-scale of P. Henryi is
distinguishable by its deeply depressed umbo.

P. densiflora, Sieb. et Zucc.; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot.
xxvi. (1902) p. 549, et xviii. (1881) p. 503, et xxxv. (1904) p. 619;
Mayr, l. c. p. 343.

West SzkcnvAN. “Forests of the Min Valley at an altitude
of 7000-8500 ft. Tree 30-60 ft. high, 6-10 ft.in girth. Timber
hard and valued for building purposes. The Min Valley, where
this species and P. yunnanensis occur, enjoys a peculiarly warm
dry climate."— Wilson in litt. (Wilson n. 3001!)

Japan. KOREA.

Mayr, l. e., doubts the occurrence of this species in China, but
at the time of writing he had not seen the specimens collected

by Wilson.

P. densata, Mast., sp. nov. Arbor 40-100-ped. (Wilson).
Rami vetustiores fusci glabri, pulvinis parum prominentibus
late oblongo-obovatis, medio incrassatis obsiti. Ramuli novelli
glabri fusco-aurantiaei, pulvinis prominentibus. Perule sub-
coriacezg castaneæ oblongo-laneeolatz: ad margines tenuiores
albido-filifere. Vagine 10-15 mill. long., squamis membranaceis
albidis laceratis arcte convolutis sursum inerescentibus con-
stantes. Folia bina vel terna, 6-12 cent. longa, linearia semi-
teretia vel subangulata ad margines serrulata, ad apicem acutata.
Canales resiniferi plurimi sub epidermide positi, meristela elliptica
vel subtriangularis, fasciculus divisus cellulis lignescentibus
firmatus. Strobili gemini laterales subsessiles patentes seu
recurvati cirea 5 cent. long., 4 cent. lat., ovoideo-conici. Squame
lignose fuscæ. Apophysis incrassatus pulviniformis superne

THE CONIFERS OF CHINA, 417

transverse oblongus demum reflexus ; umbo rhomboideus parum
depressus deltoideo-mucronatus ; muerone caduco.

Cura occrp., in silvis prope vallem Ya Lung ad alt. 9000-
11,000 ped. (Wilson 3015 !).

A species, according to Mr. Wilson, resembling the Scots Pine
in general aspect and growing in forests at a higher altitude than
any other Pine met with by him. The wood is used for making
torches. It bears a close resemblance to P. densiflora, but differs
especially in the thickened cushion-like apophyses. The resin-
canals are mostly subepidermal, but, as in P. densiflora, some
are occasionally found in the substance of the leaf, especially
near the corners.

Pinus prominens, Mast., sp. n. Arbor 25-ped.; ramis fuscis
glabrescentibus, pulvinis late oblongo-obovatis dorso medio in-
crassatis. Novelli glabri aurantiaci, pulvinis parum prominentibus
superne ad marginem eversis. Gemme ovoidee in mucronem
fastigate. Peruleé subcoriacee, ferruginez, lanceolate acutatæ
ad margines albidas lacerato-membranacee. Vagine ad 2 cent.
long., squamis arcte convolutis membranaceis transverse sulcatis
sursum increscentibus. Folia bina linearia 10-14 cent. dorso
convexa, facie antica concava, apice cartilagineo-mucronata,
marginibus obsolete serrulatis. Canales resiniferi numerosi
subepidermide positi; meristela elliptica, fasciculus vasorum
bifurcatus. Amenta mascula . Strobili sessiles patentes 4-5
cent. long.,3 cent. lat., oblongi, basi apiceque angustati, maturitate
squamis expansis ovoideo-subglobosi. Squame lignose. Apo-
physis elavato-dilatatus, umbo prominens deflexo-assurgens
rhomboideus apice subulato mueronatus.

Curna occ. versus Tu-chu-lu (Wilson 3016 !).

Allied to P. densiflora and to P. densata, but distinguishable
by its buds, its cones and prominent umbos.

P. Thunbergii, Parl.; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xxvi.
(1902) p. 552, et xxxv. (1904) p. 629; Mayr, Fremdl. Wald- u.
Park-B. p. 350.

P. luchuensis, Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xxvi. (1902)
p. 551; Mayr, L. c. p. 344.
Ius. Liv Kiv, teste Matsumura; species a me haud visa.

418 DR. M. T. MASTERS ON

Pinus mandshurica, Ruprecht; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc.,
Bot. xxvi. (1902) p. 551.

Yunnan (Henry 9868 !).

JAPAN,

Picea purpurea, Mast., sp. n. Arbor GO-ped.; ramis vetulis
griseis pulvinis parum prominentibus apice zqualibus patulis,
ramulis novellis aurantiacis dense setosis, cicatrices subelliptice
parum angulate. Gemma late ovoides, squamis late oblongis
subcoriaceis ferrugineis ad margines altius coloratis obtecte.
Folia 10-12 mill. long., linearia acuta curvata, complanata, facie
superiore suleata glaucescentia, subtus nervo medio prominente
carinata, utrinque stomatifera. Sfrobili immaturi 5-6 cent.,
purpurascentes, oblongo-cylindrati acutati. Bractee haud vise.
Squame subcoriaces late oblongm, superne producte ad margines
undulatz sepe everss. Seminis ala membranacea erecta ascii-
formis.

CHINA occ., in silvis ad Sung Pan prope Tibetam, alt. 9500-
11,000 ped. ( Wilson 3026 !).

A very remarkable species belonging to the flat-leaved series,
distinguishable by the characters of the bark, foliage, and cones.

P. ajanensis, Fisch.; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc, Bot. xviii.
(1881) p. 508, et xxvi. (1901) p. 553; Mayr, l. c. p. 321.

Horen ; Szecuuan; Wusuaw.

Japan; MONGOLIA.

P. Alcockiana, Carr.; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soe., Bot. xviii.
(1881) p. 508, et xxvi. (1902) p. 553.

West SzEcuvaAN, Ta-chien-lu, alt. 10,000-14,000 ped. ( Wilson
3028.) An species distincta ?

MosaoL1iA : JAPAN.

P. brachytila, Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xxvi. (1902)
p. 553.

Abies brachytila, Franch.

SZECHUAN; YUNNAN.

P. likiangensis, Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soe., Bot. xxvi. (1902)
p. 554.

Abies likiangensis, Franch.

YUNNAN.

THE CONIFERS OF CHINA. 419

Picea Maximowiczii, Regel; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Koe., Bot.
xxvi. (1902) p. 554, et xviii. (1881) p. 507.
Huren? Japan.

P. obovata, Ledeb.; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc, Bot. xxvi.
(1902) p. 554, et xviii. (1881) p. 506.

Var. Schrenkiana, Mast. l. c.

Subvar. Loczyi, Kanitz; Mast. l. c.
CHIHLT.

P. Glehni, F. Schmidt; Mayr, Mon. Abiet. Japon. p. 56, t. 4.
f£. 11; Mast. in Gard. Chron. March 6, 1880, p. 300, c. ic.
Formosa (Hayata), SACHALIN, MANCHURIA.

P. Watsoniana, Mast., sp. n, Arbor 40-ped. Rami vetus-
tiores cortice gilvo seu fulvido in laminas tenues decidentes
obtecti. Ramuli glabri, pulvinis prominentibus muniti. Pulvini
oblongo-obovati superne erecti in petiolum brevem ascendentem
angustati, cicatrix quadrangularis. Gemme ovoideo-conice,
perulis subcoriaceis ovatis acutis, ad margines tenuiores altius
coloratis vestitz. Folia 10-12 mill. long., linearia, curvata, quad-
rangularia, ad apices acutas cartilaginea, utrinque stomatifera.
Strobili 5-6 cent. long., deflexi oblongi. Bractee late ovate
acute parve. Squame subcoriacee pallide fusce glabre, 13-14
mill. long., spatulate margine superne suborbiculate appresse
integre vel parum irregulariterque dentate. Semina ala mem-
branacea pallida asciiformi munita.

CHINA OCCID., prope fines Tibetw ad Sung Pan, alt. 6500 ped.
(Wilson 3023 !).

At the request of Mr. Wilson, I have affixed to this species
the name of Mr. C. Haines Watson, of the Chinese Maritime
Customs Service. Mr. Watson aecompanied Mr. Wilson in his
first journey to Sung Pan. The prolongation of the pulvinus
into a short erect petiole is very marked in this species.

P. asperata, Mast., sp.n. Arbor ramis vestustioribus crebris
aurantiacis, pulvinis oblongis setaceis apice angustatis foras
deflexis, cicatrices quadrangulares. Gemme conice, perulis
pallide ferrugineis, deltoideo-lanceolatis, resiniferis vestite.
Folia 12-15 mill. long., linearia curvata, quadrangulares inter-
angulos prominentes stomatifera dorso ad apicem fastigata.
Strobili 8-9 cent. long. 12-14 mill. lat., cylindrato-oblongi.
Bractee oblongo-spatulate apiculate squamis multo breviores.

420 DR. M. T. MASTERS ON

Squame appresse subcoriacee pallidæ fusez basi angustate, apice
rotundate subintegrz. | Semin?s ala erecta membranacea, pallide
ferruginea, oblonga obtusa, squamá parum brevior.

CHINA OCCIDENT., prope Tibetam in silvis prope Sung Pan, alt.
6000- 11,000 ped. ( Wilson 3025 !).

Similar to P. Watsoniana, which grows in the same district but
at a lower elevation. It differs in the bark, in the pulvini (which
in this species are setose and less distinctly petioled), in the more
lanceolate bud-scales, in the leaves, in the larger cones, and in
other details. Possibly the examination of a larger series of
specimens would show intermediate conditions, proving that these
characteristics are not to be absolutely depended on as points of
distinction.

Picea aurantiaca, Mast., sp. n. Arbor 15-40-ped.; ramis
vetulis glabris aurantiacis; pulvini glabri nitentes, lineari-oblongi,
superne vix constricti exerti patuli, cicatrices subquadrangulares.
Perule iate ovatee membranacez ferruginee. Folia ad 15 mill.
linearia curvata quadrangulata inter angulos prominentes sto-
matifera ad apicem cartilagineo-mucronata. — Strobili immaturi
penduli 5-6 cent. long. oblongi, purpurascentes. Bractee ?
Squame subcoriaces appresse viclaceæ, parte superiore rotundata
violaceæ.

CHINA OCCIDENT., prov. SZECHUAN in silvis ad alt. 12,000 ped.
(Wilson 3029!)

A species remarkable for the deep orange-coloured bark and
the linear pulvini, scarcely, if at all, dilated at the apex.

P. retroflexa, Mast., sp. n. Arbor ramis fusco-aurantiacis
glabrescentibus, pulvini oblongi, superne dilatati patenti-reflexi,

cicatrix quadrangularis. Folia ——. trobili 10-12 cent. long.,
cylindrato-oblongi. Bracteæe . Squamæ coriaceæ fusce

apice rotundatæ imprimis appressæ demum arcte reflexæ.

Wesr SZECHUAN, ubi vulgaris prope Ta-chien-lu (Wilson
3030 AJ).

Very remarkable in its sharply decurved cone-scales. It is
possible that the recurved condition of the cone-scales may prove
to be exceptional, as a similar condition has been observed as a
malformation in the common Spruce. "The scales are in some
eases covered with a fungus which Mr. Massee identifies as
Pleosporopsis strobilorum, a cosmopolitan species, attacking the
cone-scales of Conifers; see Greville, Scot. Crypt. Flor. p. 275.

TH E CONIFERS OF CHINA. 421

Picea Masiersii, Mayr, Fremdlündische Wald- und Park-
Batime (1906), p. 328, figs. 105-107.
CHINA BOREAL., Wutaishan (Mayr !).

P. Neoveitchii, Mast. in Gard. Chron. Feb. 21, 1903, p. 116,
tigs. 50, 51, et in Journ. of Botany, August 1903, p. 267.

Huren (Wilson !), alt. 5500 ped.

P. Wilsoni, Mast. in Gard. Chron. Feb. 28, 1908, p. 133, figs.
55, 56; Mayr, l. e. p. 339.

Huren, Fang (Wilson 1897 !).

Keteleeria Davidiana, Beissver ; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc.,
Bot. xxvi. (1902) p. 554, et in Gard. Chron. 1903, p. 84, fig. 38.

Abies Davidiana, Franchet; Mast. in Gard. Chron. April 9,
1887.

Cuina occr., “Tung Valley ” (Wilson 3018?) ; Hurku
(Wilson 426, 430 !), Nan'to (Henry 11358 !); SZECHUAN (Henry
7099!); Yunnan (Henry 12734 ! 12855 !).

K. Fabri Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. xxvi. (1902)

p. 555.
K. sp. ? Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xxvi. (1902) p. 5506.

K. Evelyniana, Mast. in Gard. Chron. March 28, 1903, fig. 82.

Yunnan, Yuanchiang, alt. 4000 ft. (Henry !).

A tree described by Dr. Henry as very rare, and very handsome
from the colour of the foliage.

Tsuga Brunoniana, Carr.; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot.
xxvi (1902) p. 556.

T. chinensis, Mast. /. c. p. 556.

Abies chinensis, Franchet.

T. Sieboldi, Carr.; Mast. in Journ. Linn Koc., Bot. xxvi.
(1902) p. 556 ; Mayr, l. c. p. 429.
West Hurrun (Wilson 372, 1898 !).

T. yunnanensis, Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xxvi. (1902)
p. 556, et in Gard. Chron. April 14, 1906, p. 236, fig. 93.

Abies yunnanensis, Franch.

Yunnan (Wilson 3014!) ; SzEcuvAN (Henry 7156 !), alt. 6000—
8000 ped., 8896! Mt. Omei (Prati 871, 987), Ta-chien-lu, 9000-
13,000 ped. (Wilson 1898!); Wxsr Huren (Wilson 572!).

The native name is * Thie sha,” or iron-wood.

422 DR. M. T. MASTERS ON

Tsuga diversifolia, Mast. im Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xvi.
(1881) p. 514; Mayr, l. c. p. 425.

Abies diversifolia, Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Pétersb. xi. (1868)
p. 229 ( Mél. Biol. vi. p. 373).

Formosa (fide Hayata). JAPAN, Kiousiou (Mavimowicz).

Easily recognizable by its relatively short leaves of unequal
lengths.

Abies Delavayi, Franch.; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot.
xxvi. (1902) p. 557, et in Gard. Chron. April 7, 1906, fig. 82.
Mr. Our (Faber ) ; Wa Suan (Wilson 3022 A !).

A. Fargesii, Franch.; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Koc., Bot. xxvi.
(1902) p. 557, et in Gard. Chron. April 7, 1900, fig. 83.

The commonest Silver Fir in Central China ( Wilson 3022 !),
alt. 6000-11,000 ft.

Var. sutchuanensis, Franch.; Mast. l. c. p. 557.

A. firma, Sieb. et Zucc.; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xviii.
(1881) p. 514, et xxvi. (1902) p. 557; Mayr, Fremdl. Wald- u.
Park-B. p. 245.

West Szecuvan (Wilson 3020).

JAPAN; MANCHURIA.

Mr. Wilson speaks of this tree as being “ rare, but oceasion-
ally met with in the wild mountainous country between Ya Chou
and Tatien-lu at an altitude of 7500-8500 ft. The specimens
were gathered from a tree measuring 100-150 ft. in height,
20-25 ft. in girth. The timber is said to be of little value."
Mr. Wilson, judging from the loeality in which it was found,
thought it might be an undescribed species, but the resemblance
to the Japanese A. firma is so great that I hesitate to separate
it as specifically distinct. The species occurs not only in Japan,
but in the Chinese provinees of Shensi, Yunnan, as well as in
Manchuria.

A. Veitchii, Líndl.; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xviii.
(1881) p. 515, et xxvi. (1902) p. 557 ; Mayr, l. c. p. 258.

A. Mariesii, Mast. in Gard. Chron. 1879, p. 788, c. ic., et in
Journ. Linn, Soc., Bot. xvii. (1881) p. 519.

Formosa (teste Hayata).

Northern Japan.

THE CONIFERS OF CHINA. 423

Abies sachalinensis, Masters, in Gard. Chron. n. s. xii. (1879)
p. 588, c. ic., et in Journ. Linn. Koe., Bot. xviii. (1881) p. 517.

Formosa in monte Morrison ( Honda).

JAPAN, SACHALIN.

A. recurvata, Mast., sp. n. Arbor 50-80-ped., cortice rubro-
fusco. Rami glabri pallide fulvidi, pulvinis oblongo-spatulatis
rugulosis parum prominentibus obsiti, cicatrices orbieulares
pulviniformes albide juventute rubro-marginate. Gemme sub-
globose pallide fulvide resinifere. Folia dense spiraliter
disposita quaquaversa arcte deflexa assurgentes 10-12 mill.
long., 2-3 mill. lat., lineari-liguliformes, curvata apice rotundata
apiculata, facie superiore canaliculata glaucescentia, facie in-
feriore nervo medio prominente carinate utrinque stomatifera.
Canales resiniferi duo dorsales sub epidermide prope extremos
positi. Hypoderma crassum. — S£robili aggregati breviter pedi-
eellati 7-8 cent. long. (ut videtur), ovoideo-oblongi? Bractee
squamis fere equilonge, spatulatze, margine superiore denticulate
ad apicem in processum deltoideum producte. Squamæ sub-
coriaces transverse elliptice, 2 cent. lat., 1 cent. long., basi inter
lobos rotundatos patulos cuneatim angustatee.

Curva occ., “Min Valley” in silvis ad alt. 8000-9500 ped.
(Wilson 3021 !).

This is a very remarkable species, unlike any other in its
strongly decurved but assurgent leaves. Mr. Wilson speaks of
it as a very local species, forming entire forests in the Min Valley
one day's journey south of Sung-pan. The tree reaches a height
of 50-80 ft. and has reddish-brown bark. “The leaves are deep
green or very glaucous, varying very mueh in this respect. The
specimens were gathered in September 1903, but the cones
had already fallen to pieces and [I was only able to gather half-
cones. The cones are small, erect, brown, borne in clusters at
the ends of the branches and near the tops of the trees. The
timber is hard, resinous, and highly valued for building purposes.
I failed to obtain any seeds, so that it is not in cultivation.” —
Wilson in litt.

A. squamata, Mast. in Gard. Chron. May 12, 1906, p. 299,
fig. 121.

CHINA OCCIDENT., in silvis prope Tatien-lu (Wilson 3019 !).

A species remarkable for the orange-coloured bark, whieh
peels off in large flakes in a similar manner to that observed in

LINN. JOURN. —BOTANY, VOU XXXVI! 2r

424 THE CONIFERS OF CHINA.

the Plane tree. “It attains the highest altitude of any silver
fir in the district" (Wilson).

Pseudolarix Fortunei, Mayr; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot.

xxvi. (1902) p. 557; Mayr, Fremdl. Wald- u. Park-B. p. 392.
Laricopsis Fortunei, Kent, in Veitch, Manual (1900) p. 403.
CHEKIANG; Kran@st.

Larix chinensis, Beissner; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Koc., Bot.
xxvi. (1902) p. 558; Mayr, l. c. p. 299.
Norra Suenst (Giraldi).

L. davurica, Turczaninow; Mast.in Journ. Linn, Soc., Bot.
xxvi. (1902) p. 558 ; Mayr, l. c. p. 299.
Cnurirr (Hance).

L. Griffithii, Hook. f. et Thoms.; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Koe.,
Bot. xxvi. (1902) p. 558.
West SZECHUAN (Pratt). E. HIMALAYA.

L. Potaninii, Batalin ; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xxvi.
(1902) p. 558, et in Gard. Chron. March 24, 1906, fig. 68.

L. sibirica, Ledeb.; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xxvi.
(1902) p. 558.

L. thibetica, Franchet; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xxvi.
(1902) p. 559. Ad L. Potaninii forsan referenda ?

L. Principis-Rupprechti, Mayr, l. c. p. 309, fig. 4.
CHINA BOR., Wutaishan (Mayr).
Species a me haud visa.

Pseudotsuga japonica (B. Hayata, paper read before the
Tokyo Botanical Society, 22 April, 1905), Shirasawa; Mayr,
l. c. p. 406.

Formosa. Mip-JaPaw.

Taiwania cryptomerioides, Zayata.

Since the foregoing notes were written, Mr. Hayata, of the
Botanieal Institute of Tokyo, has laid before the Society a
deseription, accompanied by an illustration, of a new genus of
Conifers found in Formosa. The description is published in the
Journal of the Society, the present volume, p. 330, pl. 16. The
genus belongs apparently to the Taxodinee.

C

BOTANY OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA. 42

A Contribution to the Botany of Southern Rhodesia.
By Miss L. S. Grg s, F.L.S.

[Read 21st June, 1906. ]
(Prates 17-20.)
INTRODUCTION.

Turs collection was made in two localities in Southern Rhodesia,
during the months of August, September, and October—that is
to say the latter part of the dry season, which corresponds to
the end of winter and beginning of spring for that part of the
African continent. In Rhodesia the seasons show a very marked
alternation of wet and dry periods, the Summer or rainy season
beginning in November and lasting until March, about five
months ; while the remaining seven months, corresponding to
Autumn, Winter, and early Spring, constitute the dry season.
The summer rains are not persistent, being chiefly in the form of
heavy thunderstorms, and rarely lasting more than half a day ;
while during the long winter period rain is exceptional. The
air is extraordinarily dry and the sun’s rays very strong, few
cloudy days occurring during my stay in the country. The
temperature was generally over 80°, and as spring advanced
rose to above 90°. Under these conditions, after such a long
drought, the country presents an arid, not to say desert, appear-
ance, that makes an indelible impression on anyone to whom
this type of tropical vegetation is new.

The whole country is wooded, small trees with spreading crowns,
spaced, with undershrubs between—a typical ** Baum steppe,” or
tree veld—affording pasturage for cattle. The Rhodesian tree
veld continues on the West to Lake Ngami, possibly to Angola,
on the south to Betchuanaland, parts of the Northern Transvaal
(Houtbosch and Macalliesberg), Swaziland and Delagoa Bay,
where many of the tree and veld types, common in Rhodesia,
occur (12). In August the trees and bushes are quite bare with
the exception of a few evergreens and some shrubs like Croton
gratissimus and Tarchonanthus camphoratus, which retain their
leaves but show such extreme drought condition as to appear
quite lifeless. Yellow grass haulm generally about a metre high
covers the ground. As September advances a few of the trees,
like Dombeya rotundifolia, Turrea Randii, Erythrina latissima,
and Peucedanum fraxinifolium, flower, but they are too scattered

to have any effect on the general desolation. In October a
212

426 MISS L. S. GIBBS ON THE

greenish film, as in European woods, is apparent and a few trees,
like Pterocarpus angolensis with its crown of orange-coloured
blossom, Afzelia cuanzensis and Securidaca longipedunculata,
come into flower and leaf.

Towards the end of October the natives systematically burn
the veld to expose the young grass-shoots, on which the cattle
can pasture. This means that all the standing dry grass over
the whole country is burnt off, and with it the remains of last
year’s herbaceous plants, which, in that dry climate, do net
decompose, but remain as in a natural herbarium, simply dried
up exactly as they grew. All the seed which has not fallen,
and most of that fallen, must consequently be burnt up,
and the bark of trees and the lower branches of shrubs singed
and maimed; also herbaceous plants, which have been rash
enough to send up early shoots, receive a very prompt set-
back. Through the combined action of fires and white ants
there can be no accumulation of humus, and the upper sur-
face of this sandy soil is, perhaps, so dried by the long
drought that the fires can have no physiological effect on it; in
fact, this surface layer of loose sand probably effectively prevents
the evaporation of water held by the subsoil, by interrupting
capillary action. The prevalent grasses occur in tufts, always
showing the surface soil between. Water is here the pre-
dominant factor, for vegetation and roots go far to seek it.
Therefore it is the subsoil which contains the vital elements,
for these tropical latitudes, and not the upper layers, as with
temperate surface-rooting trees.

The practice of burning the veld obtains all through South
Africa, South Central Tropical and German West Africa, and
possibly over the rest of the dry tropical region of the continent,
and must have an enormous effect on the distribution and
survival of certain species.

If we consider the other factors which prevail in this area, they
all seem to make for the even distribution of a certain vegetative
type: the summer rains, the long season of winter drought, and
the extreme dryness of the atmosphere; even the physiological
aspect of the country, with no great range of mountains, or
large lake and river systems, which tend to segregate species ;
also the habits of the natives with their internecine wars, whole
tribes being continually on the move, cultivating the ground as
they move on, and continually seeking fresh fields and pastures

BOTANY OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA. 427

new ; and finally the great herds of game which wander at will
through these limitless wastes. We therefore get everything
to promote and apparently nothing to check a very wide distri-
bution of the same species, and, as might be expected from the
above considerations, the trend from west to east is very marked.
Portuguese and German South-west Africa have been very well
worked by certain collectors, and on that aecount the prevailing
types have been labelled Angolan because collected there for the
first time, and the same holds for British Central aud German
East Tropieal Africa. Every fresh collection made in South
Central Africa and Rhodesia on the east extends the southern
limit of Tropical eastern species and the eastern range of what
were considered Angolan types, also gives new localities tor those
plants which have been oftenest collected, therefore best known
and consequently labelled general. Purely South African species,
for the same reasons no doubt, are constantly increasing their
northern tropical range.

In the present case new records of Angolan types occur :—
Gleditschia africana, Vitex flavescens, and Erlangea Schinzii,
at the Victoria Falls; Lobelia fonticola and L. multidentata,
two of Baum’s Kunene plants, occurred in the Matopos, with
Euphorbia benguellensis. Melasma sessiliflorum, known from
Angola and Mozambique, and Dyschoriste Perrottetii from Upper
Guinea and Nileland, find a South Central record, and with
Aischynomene cristata and Olax dissitiflora, supposed to be
Eastern, were common at the Falls, whither also Capparis
tomentosa extends its general distribution.

For the Matopos, as might be gathered from the geographical
situation, the new records are more numerous and chiefly of
southern types. Sphedamnocarpus galphimiafolius, Pharnacium
Zeyheri, aud Indigofera cryptantha were only known from the
Transvaal. Loranthus Kraussianus, Plectranthus floribundus,
and Notholena Buchanani were considered Natal ty pes, though a
- recent specimen of the last, at Kew, establishes it for Nyassaland
as well.

For Cape plants the new records are Polygala rigens, Lessertia
pauciflora, Anthospermum ciliare, and Helichrysum ericefolium,
the last new for Rhodesia but previously collected in Ngamiland ;
also Senecio erubescens and S. rosmarinifolius. Croton gratissimus
is also new for Rhodesia, but has been collected in Amboland.

428 MISS L. 8. GIBBS ON THE

The tropical Ochna Schweinfurthii and Hexalobus senegalensis
increase their southern limit.

Intermediate distribution is shown for Polygala abyssinica and
Odina Schimperi, known only from East Tropical Africa, Trans-
vaal and Natal, and Pepalanthus Wahlbergii, known from South-
east Afriea, Angola, and Transvaal.

Potamogeton natans, occurring in the Matopos aud on the
Zambesi, is quite new for Tropical Africa ; and the Matopos is
a new locality for the cosmopolitan, but rarely found, Nitella
hyalina.

An interesting record is the genus Pseudolachnostylis, previously
known only from Angola and German East Africa, and Euphorbia
matabelensis, collected by Penther, is one of Pax's new types.

Twenty-three new species are described. The most interesting
is perhaps the handsome grass aptly named Erianthus terctifolius
by Dr. Stapf, which is so conspicuous ou the banks and islands
of the Zambesi above the Falls; and a very characteristic
Hlephantorrhiza trom the Matopo Hills makes a new species in
this limited genus.

List or Puanrs collected in August, September, and October
1905, in the Matopo Hills and at the Victoria Falls,
Zambesi, Southern Rhodesia.

Reference to the original description has only been given for
g p Y g
species not included in the * Flora of Tropical Africa’ or the
* Flora Capensis. |

ANONACEEX.

HEXALOBUS SENEGALENSIS, 4. DC.

Matopo Hills, kopjes. Fl. Oct. 217.

Distrib. Senegambia, Niger, Bahr-el-Ghazal.

Apparently the most southerly record for this plant. A shrub,
3-4 m., with smooth bark and glossy entire leaves, which are
thrown off before flowering. Flowers yellow, sweet-scented.

ARTABOTRYS BRACHYPETALA, Benih.

Matopo Hills, Mtchabesi Valley. FI. Oct. 252.

Distrib. Boruma, Tette-Zambesi, Delagoa Bay.

An evergreen shrub, or scrambles as liane by the hooked
peduncles ; flowers green. This is the first record for Rhodesia.

BOTANY OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA. 429

ANONA SENEGALENSIS, Pers.
Matopo Hills, veld, common. Fl. Oct. 256.
Distrib. General in Tropical and Sub-tropical Africa.

MENISPERMACEE.

CissAMPELOS Parerra, Linn., var. mucronata, Engl. in Pflanz-
enwelt Ost-Afr. C. p. 1011. (C. mucronata, A. Rich.)

Matopo Hills, veld, common. FI. Oct. 243.

Distrib. Tropical region of Old and New World.

Var. mucronata, A. Rich. Tropical East Africa from the
Nile to Natal.

TILIACORA FUNIFERA, Oliver.

Victoria Falls, Rain Forest and islands. od. Sept. 302.

Distrib. Type locality, collected by Sir John Kirk. Also in
Mozambique District.

Liane. Smooth grey bark. Inflorescence cauline, racemes
from every node up the bare stem. Flowers chocolate colour.

CAPPARIDACEA,

MÆRUA NERVOSA, Oliver, var. FLAGELLARIS, Oliver.
Matopo Hills. Fl. Oct. 205.
Distrib. Nyassaland, Rhodesia.

CAPPARIS TOMENTOSA, Lam.
Victoria Falls, Arderne Island. Fl. and Fr. Sept. 138.
Distrib. Senegambia, Senegal, Angola, Tropical East Africa.

BrixaACEEX.

ONCOBA SPINOSA, Forsk.

Victoria Falls, veld. Fl. Sept. 304.

Distrib. Widely distributed in Tropical Africa, also in
Natal.

POLYGALACEE.

PoLYGALA ABYSSINICA, Fresen.

Matopo Hills, veld. Fl. Oct. 194.

Distrib. Dr. Chodat in his monograph records the type from
Abyssinia.

Apparently unrecorded for Rhodesia.

Transvaal ( fide Herb. Bolus).

430 MISS L. 8. GIBBS ON THE

POLYGALA miGENS, A. DC.

Matopo Hills, veld, general. Fl. Sept., Oct. 82.

Distrib. Transvaal, Orange Free State, Natal, Griqualand
West. Apparently the most northern point from which this
plant has been recorded.

SECURIDACA LONGIPEDUNCULATA, Fresen., var. PARVIFLORA,
Oliver.

Matopo Hills, veld and kopjes, general. Fl. and Fr. Oct. 244.

Distrib. Widely spread in Tropical West Central Africa,
Bechuanaland and Northern Transvaal (fide Herb. Bolus).
Apparently unrecorded for Rhodesia.

A small tree, 4-5 m. high, with long whip-like branches
covered with mauve-pink blossoms. Samara-like fruit.

ELATINACES.
BERGIA DECUMBENS, Planch.

Matopo Hills, veld, very common. Fl. Sept., Oct. 30.
Distrib. Zambesi to South Africa.

HYPERICINES.

Hypericum Lananpit, Choisy.

Matopo Hills, banks of streams, general.

Distrib. Widely distributed.

G UTTIFERÆ.

GARCINIA LIVINGSTONI, T. Anders.

Victoria Falls, banks of rivers and islands. d 9. Sept. 114.
Type locality.

Distrib. Mozambique District.

Handsome evergreen tree, + 16 m. high at maturity, with
erect trunk and eompact crown. In the young form it shows a
pyramidal branching habit, which, with the dark green coriaceous
leaves, makes it a conspicuous objeet on the islands above the
Fall. Flowers green and inconspicuous.

MALVACE.

SIDA LONGIPES, FL. Meyer.

Matopo Hills, veld. Fl. Sept. 79.

Distrib. Widely distributed in South Africa, also recorded for
Rhodesia.

BOTANY OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA. 431

ABUTILON MATOPENSE, Sp. nov.

Caulis fruticosus erectus rigidus teres pulverulentus ; foliis
breviuscule petiolatis ovato-cordatis e basi palmatim 7-nerviis,
nerviis subtus prominentibus apice acutis margine breviter et
inæqualiter serratis utrinque densissime et mollissime velutinis
albidis; stipulis lanceolatis uninerviis pulverulentis caducis ;
floribus inter mediocres generis axillaribus pedunculatis ;
pedunculis unifloris apicem versus articulatis primum
quam foliis brevioribus, pedunculis fructiferis + elongatis ;
calycis campanulati 5-fidi lobis ovalibus 3-nerviis acuminatis
externe pulverulentis intus pilosis ; petalis 5 aurantiacis ; tubo
stamineo conico brevi; carpellis eirciter 20 stellatim dispositis
sparse stellatis calyce subzquilongis coalitis superne mucronatis
uniloeularibus bivalviis sepissime 1-spermis, seminibus subreni-
formibus pubescentibus.

Species A. fruticoso, Guill. & Perr., affinis, differt calycibus car-
pellis subzequilongis, dorso conspicue 3-nerviis, petalis aurantiacis
et majoribus, carpellis numerosioribus et mucronatis.

Hab. Matopo Hills, old Kaffir lands. Sept. No. 98.

The stem is l'5-2 m. high; the leaves + 4 cm. long and
3:3 cm. broad, the petiole + 1 cm. long, the stipules + 4 mm.
long and 1 mm. broad; the flowering peduncles + 2 em. and the
fruiting slightly longer; the lobes of the calyx are 8 mm.
long and 5 mm. broad; the petals + 1'5 em. long and l'4 cm.
broad; the carpels + 6 mm. long and 4 mm. broad.

The erect, almost woody stem, whieh appears clothed with
leaves owing to the shortness of the petioles, and the white
velvety tomentum give this plant a very characteristic appearance.
The flowers, which do not exceed the leaves, are a most brilliant
orange and open during the day, which, according to Dr. Masters
(in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 188), is in India characteristic of
A. fruticósum alone. It was not a common species on the
hills, and was only seen where land had been laid down under
cultivation.

HIBISCUS MICRANTHUS, Linn., forma.

Matopo Hills. Fl. and Fr. Oct. 255.

Distrib. Widely spread in Tropical Africa, Arabia, India,
Ceylon.

Shrub 1°5 m.; stem green and rather leafless. Corolla white,
turning red when dried. Whole plant very viscid.

432 MISS L. 8. GIBBS ON THE

STERCULIACE X.

DomBEYA ROTUNDIFOLIA, Harv.

Matopo Hills, veld and kopjes, general. Fl. Sept. 24.

Distrib. Rhodesia, Salisbury (Rand), Transvaal, Natal.

A shrub or small tree from 3-8 m. high, flowering before the
leaves, very striking in flower, as the wood is completely hidden
by the dense cymose inflorescences, Corolla white, suffused
with pink. One of the first spring flowers.

This is quite distinct from D. densiflora, Plauch.

MELHANIA oBTUSA, N.E. Br. in Kew Bull. 19006, p. 99.
Matopo Hills by stream, near the Silozi. Fl. Oct. 983.
Distrib. Rhodesia.

This plant was first collected by the Hon. Mrs. Evelyn Cecil
(Bulawayo, 94. in Herb. Kew.), and this is the second record.
It is a shrub about 15 to 2 m. high, with rigid branches and
brownish leaves covered with a velvety tomentum. Flowers
yellow.

HERMANNIA BRACHYPETALA, Harv.

Matopo Hills, veld. Fl. Sept. 7.

Distrib. Rhodesia, Transvaal.

Sends out long radiating branches which run along the ground
for about a metre, forming a dense round carpet on the veld.
The foliage is grey and the flowers cream-colour.

HERMANNIA viscosa, Hiern.

Matopo Hills, veld. Fl. Sept. 5.

Distrib. Rhodesia.

A dwarf erect shrub, about 2dm. high. Very viscid foliage
and reddish flowers.

MAHERNIA ABYSSINICA, Hochst.

Matopo Hills, Kaffir lands. F]. and Fr. Sept., Oct. 77.

Distrib. Abyssinia, Transvaal, Cape Colony.

A proeumbent perennial, with yellow flowers. Apparently
the first record for Rhodesia.

TrILIACEJS.
Grewia FLAVA, A, DO., forma.
Matopo Hills, veld, general. Fl. Oct. 226.
Shrub, from 1-2°5 m. high.
TRIUMFETTA WELWITSCHII, Mast.
Matopo Hills, veld, general. Fl. and Fr. Oct. 261.
Distrib. Angola, Rhodesia.

BOTANY OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA. 433

A herbaceous perennial, 0'5 m. high, sending up graceful
flowering shoots, singly or in tufts, towards the end of the dry
season ; these are succeeded by the vegetative shoots which
developing unchecked during the rains, die down again in the
autumn. This is characteristic for many of the veld plants.

CORCHORUS HIRSUTUS, Linn.
Matopo Hills. Fl. and Fr. Oct. 237.
Distrib. Widely spread in the Tropics.

CoRCHORUS MUCILAGINEUS, Sp. nov.

Frutieulus humilis, procumbens, hirsutus, sub lente pilis
unieellularibus instructus, ramis divaricatis; foliis petiolatis,
stipulis petiolo l4plo longioribus, subulatis pilosis setaceis,
deciduis, lamina lineari-lanceolata, grossiuscule serrata, apice
acuta, basi subcordata, penninervi, nervis lateralibus subtus
valde prominentibus utrinque 7-12, valde pilosis margine cilio-
lata; umbellis oppositifoliis, 2-4-floris, pedicellis 1-14plo quam
peduneulis longioribus ; sepalis 5 lanceolatis pilosis; floribus
polyandris, petalis 5 lateobovatis angustis et breviter unguiculatis,
supra unguem margiue puberulis calyce vix brevioribus; stami-
nibus quam petalis brevioribus; ovario quam calyce 4 breviore,
trigono, piloso triloculari, ovulis in quoque loculo numerosis ;
stylo antheris subequilongo.

Species ab C. serrafolio, Burch., differt valde hirsuto foliis multe
minoribus et equaliter serratis, nerviis conspicue albis, floribus
minoribus.

Hab. Matopo Hills, sandy veld between kopjes. Fl. Sept. 8.

Simple branches 6-15 cm. long, later becoming longer ; leaves
alternate, petioles 2 mm. long and pilose; stipules 3 mm. long ;
blade rough, 4 cm. long, 1 em. broad in the middle; the
peduncles with the pedicels are 6 mm. lcng and hirsute; the
bracts are 3 mm. long, equalling the flowers, subciliate and
subulate, long and finely acuminate; buds pyriform; sepals
1-2 mm. long, membranous, pilose; the petals are yellow,
1-3 mm. long; stamens 4 mm. long, with yellow filaments, and
the anthers are dorsifixed; dise hypogynous entire, margin
papillose ; ovary and style 6 mm. long; ovary hirsute, 12 mm.,
style glabrous with capitate, three-lobed stigma; capsule, very
young, hirsute.

This plant is a small woody perennial, with prostrate branches
and inconspicuous yellow flowers. The leaves are dark green in

434 MISS L. S. GIBBS ON THE

colour and interesting in structure, their vascular system being
enclosed in abundant water-storage tissue, which accounts for
the prominence and whiteness of the veins. In transverse
section, the structure of the leaf resembles that of some grasses,
the palisade-tissue of the lamina terminating abruptly on each
side of the midrib. Large mucilage-canals occur in the stem,
leaves, and the ovary-wall.
Only one specimen of this plant was seen.

MALPIGHIACEA.

SPHEDAMNOCARPUS GALPHIMLEFOLIUS, Szyszyl. Polypet. Rehm.
(1882) p. 2.

Matopo Hills, Silozi. Fl. Oct. 281.

Distrib. Transvaal.

Apparently not recorded for Rhodesia.

GERANIACER.
Monsonra BunkEANA, Planch.
Matopo Hills, veld. Fl. Oct. 222.
Distrib. Transvaal, Rhodesia.

HurACEE.
THAMNOSMA AFRICANUM, Engl., var. RHODEStCUM, Baker f. in

Journ. Bot. xxxvii. (1899) p. 426.
Matopo Hills, veld, very common. Fr. Sept., Oct. 310.

OCHNACES.

Ocuna ANTUNESII, Engl. & Gilg, in Baum, Kunene-Zambest
Exp. p. 304.

Victoria Falls, veld. Fl. Sept. 305.

Distrib. Kunene District.

Small tree, 6 m. high, flowering with leaves, bearing pendent
racemes of bright yellow flowers at every node on the branches.

Ocuna SCHWEINFURTHIANA, F. Hoffm. Beit. zur Kennt. Fl.
Cent.-Ost-Afr. p. 20, ex descript.

Matopo Hills, veld and kopjes. Fl. and Fr. Oct. 218.

Distrib. Central East Africa.

Small tree with roundish crown, flowers on old wood with
young leaves ; corolla yellow. First record for Rhodesia.

BOTANY OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA 435

BURSERACES.

CoMMIPHORA sp.

Matopo Hills, kopjes, general. Fl., with immature leaves,
Oct. 197. Also at the Victoria Falls.

A small tree, always growing between rocks, sparingly
branched. It forms one of the most striking vegetative objects in
the dry season, in the Matopo Hills and on the Zambesi gorge
below the Victoria Falls, on account of the light papery bark,
which is constantly peeling off in thin laminæ, showing the green
cortex beneath. The leaves are7-foliate, and the flowers $ sessile,
aggregated towards the top of the peduncle, which at first very
short, subsequently elongates considerably. There is an un-
named specimen of this plant in the Kew Herbarium, collected by
Mr. T. Baines on the Shashi river, Rhodesia. It is probably a
new species, but the available material is not sufficiently mature
to permit of description.

MzELIACEX.

TunnzA Raxni, Baker f. in Journ. Bot. xxxvii (1899) p. 427.

Matopo Hills, veld and kopje, very common. Fl., Sept. Fr.,
Oct. 2.

Distrib. Rhodesia.

Shrub, 2-6 m. high ; thick-stemmed and not much branched ;
flowers on old wood after throwing off last year's leaves, but in
shady situations leaves were found persisting. Petals green.
Staminal tube yellow. Ovary 8-10-locular. Fruit yeliow.

TRICHILIA EMETICA, Vahl.

Victoria Falls, Rain Forest, islands and banks of river above
the Falls, kloofs of lower Zambesi Gorge. Fl. Sept. 110.

Distrib. Widely distributed in Tropical Africa, also in Arabia.

A handsome tree, flowers green, sweet-scented, on old wood.
Evergreen in shade, but in exposed situations all the leaves were
thrown off on flowering.

OLACINES.

OLAX DISSITIFLORA, Oliver.

Matopo Hills, veld and kopjes, general, and at the Victoria
Falls, veld and banks of river. Fl. Oct. 263.

Distrib. Mozambique District and Madagascar,

436 MISS L. 8. GIBBS ON THE

Shrub to small tree, 5-6 m., of graceful habit, with light-green
shining leaves. Flowers white.

XIMENIA CAFFRA, Sond.

Victoria Falls, veld, and Matopo Hills, veld, general. FI.
Sept., Oct. 130.

Distrib. Transvaal.

CELASTRINEA.

HIPPOCRATEA OBTUSIFOLIA, Roxb.

Victoria Falls, islands and banks of Zambesi above the Falls,
also kloofs of lower gorge. Fl. Sept. 139.

Distrib. Tropical Asia, Africa, and Australia.

SAPINDACER.

PAULLINIA PINNATA, Linn.

Victoria Falls, banks of river and islands. Fl. and Fr. Sept.
124.

Distrib. Widely distributed.

CARDIOSPERMUM ConINDUM, Linn.

Matopo Hills, veld. Fl. and Fr. Sept., Oct. 78.

Distrib, Wide in the Tropics. Collected by Baum, Kunene-
Zambesi Expedition. Carefully compared with authentic
material in the British Museum.

ANACARDIACER.

ODINA EDULIS, Sond.

Matopo Hills, veld, general. Fl. Sept., Fr. Oct. 71.

Distrib. Transvaal, Natal.

Perennial, with large pinnate leaves. The axillary racemes of
yellow flowers appear first on a level with the ground; as the
shoot elongates, the leaves unfold. It grows from a branching
root system, forming patches on the veld.

ODINA ŠCHIMPERI, Hochst.

Matopo Hills, kopjes, general. g. Oct. 268.
Distrib. Abyssinia, Rhodesia.

Small tree, flowers before leaves.

SCLEROCARYA CAFFRA, Sond.
Matopo Hills, veld. Fl. Oct. 261.
Distrib. Lake Nyassa, Mozambique District, Transvaal, Mada-

gascar.

BOTANY OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA. 437

RAUS LANCEA, Linn.
Matopo Hills, veld and kopjes, general. Fl. and Fr. Sept. 1.
Distrib. Transvaal, Cape Colony.

REUS VILLOSA, Linn. f.

Matopo Hills, veld, general. Fl. Oct. 247.

Distrib. Widely spread in Tropical and Sub-tropical Africa.

Evergreen shrub, with drooping branches and pubescent
leaves. At the American Mission I was told that the fruit was
edible and made excellent jam.

CoNNARACE®.

Byrsocarpus coccINEUS, Schum. et Thonn., var. B. (B. parvi-
folius, Planch.)

Victoria Falls, islands and banks of river. Fl. Sept. 154.

Distrib. Sierra Leone, Senegambia, Upper Guinea.

Shrub, 2 m. high, flowering before leaves. White flowers, in
small axillary racemes.

LEGUMINOSÆ.

LoroNowis Leosorpia, Benth.

Matopo Hills, veld. FI. Sept. 19.

Distrib. Africa, from Abyssinia to the Cape. Asia, Persia,
Beluchistan (Desert species).

Listia HETEROPHYLLA, Æ. Meyer.
Matopo Hills, general, veld and banks of streams.
Distrib. Transvaal, Natal and Eastern Provinces.

CROTALARIA ($ Oocarpe) FLAVICARINATA, Baker Jil., sp. nov.

Caulis erectus suffruticosus in longitudinem striatus virgatus
pauciramosus tenuiter pubescens sparsiuscule foliosus; foliis
breviuscule petiolatis trifoliolatis, foliolis oblongis vel laneeolato-
oblongis brevissime petiolulatis subtus strigoso-pubescentibus
costa subtus prominente apice mueronatis ; stipulis parvis pubes-
centibus lanceolatis; racemis laxis paucifloris vel multifloris
axillaribus quam foliis longioribus; bracteis parvis; floribus
pedicellatis inter medioeres generis pedicellis tenuibus pubes-
centibus pedicellis in medio bracteolatis; calycis tubo campanu-
lato extra pubescente, segmentis lanceolatis aeuminatis ; corolla
calycem pluries excedente, vexillo violaceo striato extra pubescente
supra unguem brevem insigniter biealloso, alis violaceis quam

438 MISS TL. 8. GIBBS ON THE

vexillo brevioribus inzequilateraliter oblongis unguiculatis, carina
in rostrum attenuata navieulari rectangulo-curvata lutea; stylo
supra ovarium abrupte inflexo tenuiter barbato, ovario subsessile
circ. 14-ovulato ; legumine ellipsoideo.

Species Crotalaria distanti, Benth., aliquanto affinis, differt
floribus multioribus, &e.

Hab. Islands of Zambesi or Victoria Falls.

L. S. Gibbs, No. 168. Flowers end of September. Herb.
Mus. Brit.

* A bush growing on the outskirts of the Rain Forest, Victoria
Falls" (C. Allen, No. 31. Herb. Kew.).

Shrub, about 2 m. high ; folioles 2:0-4-0 em. long aud 7-10 mm.
broad, petioles + 1:0-1°8 em. long: vexillum + 1'5 em. long:
legume 2:38-24 cm. long.

INDIGOFERA CRYPTANTHA, Benth.
Matopo Hills, veld. Fr. Sept. 308.
Distrib. Transvaal.

Not recorded before for Tropical Africa.

TEPHROSTA LURIDA, Sond.
Matopo Hills, on kopje. Fl. and young Fr. Oct. 249.
Distrib. Rhodesia, Transvaal, Cape Colony.

LESSERTIA PAUCIFLORA, Harv.

Matopo Hills, veld. Fl. and young Fr. Sept. 104.
Distrib. Cape Colony, Namaqualand.

A spreading perennial, flowers pink.

JESCHYNOMENE CRISTATA, Vatke, in Oest. Bot. Zeit. xxviii.
(1878) p. 215.

Victoria Falls, islands and banks of rivers, growing amongst
Phragmites. Fl. and Fr. Sept.

Distrib. Angola, Mozambique District, Central Tropical
Africa, also in Madagascar.

Shrub, 2 m. high, with erect branches: flowers large, pendulous,
orange-yellow, with green keel. Young stems and inflorescence
glandular.

ABRUS PRECATORIUS, Linn.

Victoria Falls, islands. Fr. Sept. 306.

Distrib. Tropics of Old and New World.

The bright red seeds with blaek hilum are generally called
“lucky beans," and are valued for decorative purposes.

BOTANY OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA. 439

ERYTHRINA LATISSIMA, E. Meyer.

Matopo Hills, general, veld and kopjes. Fl. and young Fr.
Sept., Oct. 73.

Distrib. Natal, Transvaal.

Small tree, with spreading top, flowering before leaves, each
branch terminating with an erect raceme of brilliant red flowers.
The old wood is spinous, and the bark seales off, showing a green
cortex underneath. The popular name is * Kaffir boom."

Viana LUTEOLA, Benth., var. B. VILLOSA, Baker.

Victoria Falls, banks of rivers and islands. Fl. Sept. 142.
Distrib. Widely spread in Tropical Africa, Natal.

Twines amongst reeds fringing water’s edge.

VIGNA TRILOBA, Walp., forma.

Matopo Hills, general. Fl. Sept. 206.

Differs from type in the stipules. Corolla large, purple.

Distrib. Tropical Africa, Cape.

The above species would both be included in the genus
Liebrechtsia, De Wildem. (Fl. Katanga, p. 70).

Ruyncuosta RESINOSA, /ochst.

Matopo Hills, amongst rocks, general. Fl. Sept., Oct. 68.

Distrib. Abyssinia, Uganda, Nyassa.

Stem twines, but the flowers occur on arrested lateral shoots,
giving a shrubby appearance. Peduncles and calyx very viscid.
In the dry season, in exposed situations, this plant shows a
drought condition, the leaves curl up and the corollas do not
expand.

PrEROCARPUS ANGOLENSIS, A. DC.

Matopo Hills, veld and kopjes. Fl. Oct. 207.

Distrib. Angola, Transvaal.

Large tree, with flat crown, flowering before the leaves;
flowers orange-yellow, in short few-flowered, erect racemes,
terminating the branches. P. angolensis, A. DC., which has
often been quoted as a synonym of P. erinaceus, Lam., is easily
distinguished by the larger flowers and much larger fruit, which
has more bristles in the centre and a broader wing.

BOLUSANTHUS SPECIOSUS, Harms, Rep. Nov. Spec. Reg. Veg.
i. p. 15.

Victoria Falls, veld. Fl. Sept. 126. Also in the Matopo
Hills. Fl. Oct.

LINN, JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII. 2k

440 MISS L. 8. GIBBS ON THE

Distrib. Rhodesia, Transvaal, Delagoa Bay.

A small tree, 6-7 m. high, branching towards the top.
Flowers deep purple, scentless in pendent axillary racemes on
the new wood, coming out with the young leaves. (Rhodesian
Wistaria.)

PELTOPHORUM AFRICANUM, Sond.
Matopo Hills, veld. Fl. Oct. 307.
Distrib, Angola, Rhodesia, Transvaal.

PTEROLOBIUM LACERANS, Jt. Br.

Matopo Hills, kopjes, general. Fr. Sept. 81.

Distrib. Abyssinia, German Hast Africa, Transvaal (fide
Herb. Bolus).

A scrambling shrub, scrambling by the recurved stipular
spines. The erect racemes of brilliant red samaroid fruit are
conspicuous above the dense mass of foliage.

GLEDITSCHIA AFRICANA, Benth.

Victoria Falls, veld (Hotel compound). Fl. Sept. 187.

Distrib. Angola.

Tree with flat spreading crown and pendent racemes of
inconspicuous greenish-yellow flowers.

CASSIA GRANITICA, Baker f. in Journ. Bot. (1905) p. 45.
Matopo Hills, veld and kopjes, general. Fl. Oet. 97.
Distrib. Rhodesia.

CASSIA MIMOSOIDES, Linn.
Matopo Hills, veld, old Kaffir lands. Fl. and Fr. Oct. 251.
Distrib. Widely distributed in the Tropics.

AFZELIA CUANZENSIS, Welwitsch.

Matopo Hills, veld and kopjes, general. Fl. Oct. 275.

Distrib. Angola, East Tropical Africa, Transvaal.

Handsome tree with flat spreading crown and drooping leaves.
Flowers green, the two anterior stamens united to form one
large petaloid staminode. Very sweet-scented. (Mahogany
bean.)

BRACHYSTEGIA APPENDICULATA, Benth.
Victoria Falls, veld (Hotel compound). FI. Sept. 145.
Distrib. Mozambique District, South Central.

BOTANY OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA. 441

Large tree with spreading crown; flowers small, green, sweet-
scented, attractive to moths.

CoPAIFERA COLEOSPERMA, Benth.

Victoria Falls, veld (Hotel compound). Fr. Sept. 144.

Distrib. South Central Africa.

Evergreen tree, wood red. Seeds ex-arillate in this specimen.
Popular name, ** Rhodesian teak.”

CopatrFera Mopane, Kirk.
Veld, south of Matopo Hills. In leaf Oct. 204.
Distrib. Angola, Mozambique District, Rhodesia.

BunkEA AFRICANA, Hook.

Victoria Falls, also Matopo Hills, veld, common. Fl.
Oct. 143.

Distrib. Upper Guinea, Rhodesia, Transvaal.

ELEPHANTORRHIZA RUBESCENS, Sp. nov.

Frutex ramis validis rufescentibus, erectis, glabris inermibus ;
folis juvenilibus 3-pinnatis, paripinnatis, foliolis 19-21-jugatis,
acutis, lamina subciliata inzquilatera ; racemis spiciformibus sub-
densis, rhachi 4-angulato, tenuiter alato; floribus spicatis, breviter
pedicellatis ; pedicellis articulatis ; calyce infundibuliformi,
breviter 5-dentato, purpureo; petala libera, oblongo- lanceolata
subaeuta glabra; antheris 10, glandulis stipulatis deciduis flavis,
antisepalis minoribus quam antipetalis, antheris et filamentis
flavis; ovario sessili oblongo, glabrato purpureo, + 15-spermo;
stylo filiformi, purpureo, stigmate filiformi.

Species E. Petersiane, Bolle, affinis, differt glandulis flavis, stylo
longiori, staminibus inzequilongis, inflorescentia multoties minore.

Hab. Matopo Hills, base of kopjes. Fl. Oet. 184.

Shrub, about 1:5 m. high, with the rhachis of the leaf 3:5 em.
long, and that of the leaflets 4 em. long, leaflets 6 m. long; the
raceme is 7-8 em. long; calyx 3 mm. long; petals 3 mm. long;
the antisepalous filaments are 6 mm. and the antipetalous are
5 mm. long, the anthers are 1 mm. long; the ovary and style
4:5 mm. long, and the ovary is 2 mm. long.

Shrub, flowering before leaves on old wood. Spicate in-
florescences crowded towards tops of branches. In type specimen
there are two or three young leaves just expanded. The whole
plant is very striking during the flowering stage owing to the

2x2

442 MISS L. 8. GIBBS ON THE

deep red, almost purple colour of stem and inflorescence, the
stamens alone being yellow. No fruit was seen.

A1BIZZIA sp.

Matopo Hills, kopjes. Fl. and old Fr. Oct. 198.

A small tree with smooth grey bark, flowering before leaves
on old wood. Flowers white, in dense round heads with stalks
about 5 cm. long. The legume is membranous and four-seeded.
As there are no leaves, it is difficult to determine this species
with accuracy, but the flowers do not agree with any material in
the British Museum or Kew Herbaria.

The following is probably another species, but fruit is required
for determination.

Matopo Hills, veld and kopjes, general. Fl. Oct. 187.

A small tree, about 7 m. high, with spreading crown and rough
dark bark. The leaves are 3-jugate with faleate pinne. The
flowers are white, densely capitulate, on long axillary peduncles.
This seems a very distinct species, which could not be matched
at the British Museum or Kew Herbaria.

Acacia WELWITSCHII, Oliver.

Victoria Falls, veld (Hotel compound). Fl. Sept. 128.

Distrib. Angola, Mozambique District.

Large tree, with flat crown. Flowers pink, with pink rhachis
to raceme.

Rosacea.

PARINARIUM Mosota, Oliver.

Matopo Hills, veld, general. Fl. and Fr. Sept., Oct. 64.

Distrib. Tropical Africa, Transvaal.

One of the finest trees, with long trunk, symmetrical crown,
and evergreen leaves. The inflorescences terminate each branch.
Flowers white, sweet-scented. Locally called “ Hissing-tree ” ;
native name * Mkuna."

SAXIFRAGACE.F.

VAHLIA CAPENSIS, Thunb,
Matopo Hills, veld. Fl. Oct. 308.

Distrib. Kunene District, Rhodesia, and throughout South
Africa.

BOTANY OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA. 443

HAMAMELIDES.

MYROTHAMNUS FLABELLIFOLIA, Welwitsch.

Matopo Hills, kopjes, common; also at the Victoria Falls.
Sept. 309.

Distrib. Angola, Mozambique District, Rhodesia, Transvaal.

Grows abundantly in shallow pans on granite. This plant
shows characteristic drought condition. The leaves fold up and
are pressed against the stem enclosing the flower catkins, and
the branches curl over, looking like dead wood. On the first
shower of rain, the leaves unfold and a plant is often seen one
half dried up and the other half with green leaves. Soaking in
water also causes the leaves to unfold.

COMBRETACEX.

COMBRETUM RHODESICUM, Baker f. in Journ. Bot. xxxvii.
(1899) p. 435.

Matopo Hills, veld, general. Fl. and Fr. Oct. 267.

Distrib. Rhodesia.

This is a form differing from type in the fruit being slightly
shorter.

CoMBRETUM ZEYHERI, Sond.
Matopo Hills, veld. Fl. Oct. 221.
Distrib. Transvaal, Rhodesia.

COMBRETUM Oarestt, Rolfe, in Oates, Matab. App. p. 399, pl. 10.

Matopo Hills, veld, general. Fl. Sept.

Distrib. Nyassaland, Rhodesia.

Another species of this genus was collected at Victoria Falls,
veld. Fl. and Fr. very young, Sept. 134. It was a small tree
about 6 m. high, flowers with leaves on young wood. Judging
from the very young fruit, this plant belongs to Engler and
Diel’s section Chionanthoides, near C. :a?tense, Engl. The
flowers are yellow with comparatively large, 5-dentate petals.

CoMBRETUM sp.

Victoria Falls, veld, general. Fl. only, Sept. 127.

A straggling shrub, with long branches, inclined to scramble.
A lovely sight in flower, as the bare stems are almost covered by
the dense elongated racemes of white flowers with exserted red
stamens. This species comes into the section Trichopetale, and

444. MISS L. 8. GIBBS ON THE

in structure of the flower agrees with Combretum quangense, Engl.
& Diels, in all points but the petals, which are longer clawed
(I am inclined to think this is a variable feature) ; but in habit,
viz., flowering before leaves and the very secund racemes, it
seems to approach C. longispicatum, Engl. ex desc.

TERMINALIA SILOZENSIS, sp. nov.

Frutex vel arbuseula ramosus, ramis juvenilibus cortice
nigrescente instructis sursum puberulis demum glabris
sparsiuscule foliosis vel ad apices ramorum foliis subcongestis ;
petiolo nullo, folis fere amplexicaulibus, lamina novella albida
velutina, adulta preter costam latam pilosam glabrescente
papyracea, supra saturate viridi subtus flava glauea, obovato-
lanceolata, apice obtusa vel + acuminata, nervis pilosis vix
conspicuis9-12 utrinqueadscendentibus, subtus purpurascentibus,
venisque tenuissime reticulatis; racemis axillaribus peduneulatis,
folium æquantibus vel longioribus, rhachi glabrescente, purpuras-
cente ; bracteis membranaceis extra pubescentibus, receptaeulum
inferius equantibus; floribus brevissime pedicellatis ; receptaeulo
extra pubescenti albido, inferiore obeonoideo superiore divergente ;
disco longissimo barbato; calycis segmentis extra pilosis intus
pubescentibus triangularibus | acuminatis ; staminibus longe
exsertis; stylo glabro basi sparseet longe piloso ; fructu pedicellato
ambitu ovali alato, basin versus attenuato, apice emarginato vel
apiculato, glabrato brunnescente.

Species 7. brachystemme, Welwitsch, affinis a qua differt
prino intuitu foliis minoribus et angustioribus, racemis longi-
oribus folia excedentibus vel iis subaquilongis, staminibus
and Fr. exsertis.

Hab. Matopo Hills, Silozi, sandy veld between kopjes. Fl.
and Fr. Oct. 277.

Small tree or shrub, 3-4 m. high; leaves 6-8 em. long,
2:5-3:2 em. broad; racemes 6:5-7:5 em. long; peduncles 3 em.
long; upper receptacles 3 mm. long, lower receptacles 4 mm.
long and over 1 mm. broad ; ealyx-lobes 2 mm. long and over
2 mm. broad at the base of lobe; filaments 4 mm. long ; anthers
$ mm. long; style 5 mm. long; fruiting pedicel 5 mm. long.

This species is eharaeteristie in habit, with erect branches,
evergreen; it flowers on the young wood. The leaves are
scattered on the flowering shoots, with single racemes in their
axils. The spikes of white flowers stand up well against the light
greeu glaucous leaves.

BOTANY OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA. 445

LYTHRACEÆ.

ROTALA LONGISTYLA, Sp. nov.

Habitu omnino Rotale cordifolia, Baker; caules ascendentes
e basi repente et radieante orti; foliis oblongis ternis sessilibus,
glabris, margine integris, apice obtusis, in parte inferiore quam
internodiis longioribus, in parte superiore brevioribus; floribus
in axillis euphyllorum solitariis; bracteis 2 minuscule puberulis ;
calyce exappendiculato, subtubuloso-campanulato, corollino-
scarioso 4-lobo, lobis iriangularibus acutis, fundo annulo necta-
rifero munito; petalis roseis, caducis, late ovatis, apice
rotundatis, sessilibus ; staminibus 3, episepalis non exsertis ;
ovario substipitato verisimiliter 2-loculari in quoque loculo
pluriovulato; stylo manifeste longiusculo, stigmate capitato.

Species R. cordifolie, Baker, affinis a qua differt foliis basi non
cordatis, petalis sessilibus, latioribus, majoribus et stylo longiori.

Hab. Vietoria Falls, bog edge of Rain Forest, Sept. 170.

In this plant the stems vary in length aecording to situation,
those of our specimen being 5-6 em. The leaves are 4 mm. long
and just over 1 mm. broad; the flower-bracts are 1 mm. long;
the calyx 3 mm. long to tip of segments and 17 mm. broad; the
stamens are inserted about halfway up the tube, the filaments
are 1 mm. long, and the anthers 4 mm. long; the ovary is 1 mm.
long and less than 1 mm. broad, aud the style with stigma
2 mm. long.

A small perennial herb, forming dense patches in open spaces,
but growing amongst grass the branches are drawn up and
longer. It is abundant on the open grass edge of the Rain
Forest, but does not penetrate under the trees It was not
observed anywhere else. Rotala cordifolia, Baker, the nearest
ally of the above, is a Madagascar plant, described in the Journ.
Linn. Soc., Bot. vol. xxii. (1887) p. 478. A plant very similar to
this new species (Hyles, 24) was colleeted in the same locality,
the only difference being that the leaves are in whorls of 4.

NESAXA FLORIBUNDA, Sond.

Victoria Falls, bog edge of Rain Forest. Fl. Sept. 164.
Also in Matopo Hills.

Distrib. Widely spread in Tropical Africa, Transvaal, Natal.

446 MISS L. 8. GIBBS ON THE

TURNERACEJ.
WORMSKIOLDIA LONGEPEDUNCULATA, Mast.
Matapo Hills, veld, common. FI. Sept., Oct. 48. Also at
Victoria Falls.
Distrib. British East Africa, Mozambique, Transvaal.

Vary variable in length of peduncle and size of leaves. Flowers
only open in the sun.

CUCURBITACE.E.

Momorpica Batsamina, Linn.
Victoria Falls, islands. Fl. and Fr. Sept. 299.
Distrib. Widely distributed.

FricorpnEx.

PrangNACIUM ZEYHERI, Sond.

Matopo Hills, veld, general. Sept., Oct. 45.
Distrib. Transvaal.

Apparently not recorded for Tropical Africa.

UMBELLIFERA.

PEUCEDANUM FRAXINIFOLIUM, Hiern.

Matopo Hills, kopjes; also at Victoria Falls, general. Fl.
and old Fr. Sept. 83.

Distrib. Widely spread in Tropical Africa.

Tree, with white smooth bark, branches erect, bearing large
terminal compound umbels of greenish-yellow flowers. The
flowers appear long before the leaves and give the first green
tinge to the kopjes in early spring.

A RALIACE.E.

CUSSONIA NATALENSIS, Sond.

Matopo Hills, kopjes. Fi. and Fr. Sept. 107.

Distrib. Natal, Zululand.

A small tree, flowering before leaves. There is a specimen of
this plant in the British Museum with leaves only, from
Bulawayo (Rand).

Rusiacex. (Mr. S. Moore.)

TRICALYSIA JASMINIFLORA, Hook. f.
Matopo Hills, general. Fl. Sept., Oct. 67.
Distrib. Nyassaland, Zambesi District, Rhodesia.

BOTANY OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA. 447

A shrub, 3-5 m. high, with rigid ascending branches and
dark-green leaves, which, in exposed situations, are thrown off
before flowering. Flowers white, of gardenia-like texture, very

sweet-scented.

CANTHIUM ABBREVIATUM, S. Moore = Plectronia abbre-
viata, A. Sehum.

Matopo Hills, veld. Fl. Oct. 278.

Distrib. Angola, Kunene District.

Herbaceous perennial, 2 dm. high (at flowering). Typical
veld plant with branching root system, forming circular patches
like Anona senegalensis, Pers. Flowers iu the axils of the
lower leaves only.

ANTHOSPERMUM CILIARE, Linn.
Matopo Hills, veld, general. Fl. Oct. 186.
Distrib. Cape District. First record for Rhodesia.

ANTHOSPERMUM LANCEOLATUM, Thunb.

Matopo Hills, amongst reeds on banks of streams. Sept.,
Oct. 93.

Distrib. Nileland, Mozambique District, South Africa.

Compostrx. (Mr. 5. Moore.)

EnrawaEA Sonuiwzi, O. Hoffm. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. i.
(1893) p. 71.

Victoria Falls, islands. Fl. Sept. 298.

Distrib. West Africa.

An annual erect herb, about a metre high, with purple flowers.
This record increases the known radius of this species, which
was considered a south-western one.

Vernonia Knavssir, Sch. Bip.
Matopo Hills, veld, general. Fl. Oct. 342.
Distrib. Rhodesia, Betchuanaland, Transvaal, Natal.

VERNONIA PODOCOMA, Sch. Bip.

Matopo Hills, gorge near the * View." Fl. and Fr. Sept. 66.

Distrib. Abyssinia, Mozambique, and Zambesi Districts,
Transvaal (fide Herb. Bolus).

A very handsome perennial, 2-3 m. high. Simple erect stems
clothed with leaves all the way up, and a large terminal panicle
of mauve flowers.

448 MISS L. 8. GIBBS ON THE

BRACHYLÆNA RHODESIANA, S. Moore, sp. nov.

Arbuseula a basi ramosa, ramulis foliosis, tomentellis, deinde
glabrescentibus ; foliis pro rata mediocribus, oblongo-oblanceo-
latis, integris, apice obtusis sepius obtusissimis, basin versus in
petiolum brevem sensim angustatis, ehartaceis, supra griseo-
araneosis mox glabrescentibus, subtus subtiliter tomentosis,
costis secundariis utrinque 5-7, angulis variis insertis, fac. sup.
subplanis, fae. inf. prominentibus; capitulis mediocribus, in
panieulis thyrsiformibus ramulos terminantibus brevibus (sc.
quam folia brevioribus et 9) vel longioribus et g subtiliter
tomentosis digestis, masculis circa 23 femineis 10-flosculosis :
pedunculis propriis satis abbreviatis ; involucri campanulati
phyllis utriusque sexus 6-7-seriatis, exterioribus perbrevibus,
ovatis vel ovato-oblongis, interioribus longioribus, sensim angus-
tatis, omnibus obtusis neenon margine ciliolatis ; floseulis exsertis ;
corollis omnibus 5-lobis; staminibus exsertis; fll. g stylis
sursum incrassatis, biramosis, fll. fem. exsertis; acheeniis parvis,
cylindrieis, appresse pubescentibus, quam pappus biseriatus
scabridus sordidus multo brevioribus.—4A. B. huillensz, O. Hoffm.,
mihi descriptione solummodo cognita optime distinguenda
propter folia obtusa vel obtusissima nee aeuminata, capitula
plurifloseulosa (illa sp. memorati modo 3-floseulosa), corollas
minores, achenia parva. B. rotundata, S. Moore, preeterquam
folia basi rotundata involuerum plane dispar ostendat.

Hab. Matopo Hills, kopjes. Sept. 72.

A small tree 4 m. high. Leaves 4-5-5 em. long, 1:5-2:5 em.
broad, in the dry state yellowish-brown above and pale yellow-
grey below; petioles 4 mm. long, tomentose; male panicles up
to 8 em. long and 3-4 em. in diameter; female 3 by 2 em.
Proper peduncles seldom reaching 5 mm. long; male heads 7 by
6 mm., female 1 em. by 7 mm.; outermost involucral leaves
1-1 mm. long, intermediate 14 to 2} mm., innermost nearly 4 mm.
long; male corollas 5 mm. long, their revolute lobes 23 mm.;
female corollas 4 mm. long with lobes only 2 mm.; male style-
arms lanceolate, 4 mm. long, female ovate-lanceolate, i mm.;
achenes about 3 mm. long, pappus 6 mm., but of the male flowers
only 4 mm.

A handsome shrub or small tree, with silvery leaves and
yellow flowers. Generally flowers after throwing off the leaves,
but in shade the leaves were found persisting, especially on the
d plants.

BOTANY OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA. 449

TARCHONANTHUS CAMPHORATUS, Linn.

Matopo Hills, veld, common. @. Sept. 315.

Distrib. Tropieal and South Africa, Arabia.

A graceful aromatic shrub, dicecious, the racemes of the}?
are inclined to droop, those of the d being erect. This plant
shows a drought condition, the leaves curling and appearing
quite dried up in the dry season.

BrvMEA LACERA, DC.

Matopo Hills, banks of streams. Fl. Sept. 269.

Distrib. Widely distributed in Tropical and South Africa;
also Asia and Australia.

BLUMEA aanrEPINA, DC.
Matopo Hills, Kaffir lands. Fl. Sept.
Distrib, Rhodesia, Betchuanaland, Transvaal.

DENEKIA CAPENSIS, Thunb.

Matopo Hills, in sand by streams. Annual. 39; and at Vic-
toria Falls, exmerged rocks, perennial. Fl. Sept. 156.

Distrib. Angola, Rhodesia, and general in South Africa.

EPALTES GARIEPINA, Sleetz.
Matopo Hills, veld, general. Fl. Oct. 195.
Distrib. Abyssinia to Rhodesia, and South Africa

GNAPHALIUM LUTEO-ALBUM, Linn.
Matopo Hills, sandbanks by streams. F]. Sept. 40.
Distrib. Cosmopolitan.

HELICHRYSUM ERICEFOLIUM, Less.

Matopo Hills, veld, Matopo Hotel, No. 2. Fl. Sept. 10.

Distrib. Ngamiland, South Africa; apparently first record for
Rhodesia.

HELICHRYSUM LEPTOLEPIS, DC.
Matopo Hills, veld, Matopo Hotel No. 2. Fl. Sept. 11.
Distrib. Rhodesia, South-east Africa.

HELICHRYSUM ARGYROSPH ERUM, DC.
Matopo Hills, veld, Matopo Hotel, No. 2. Fl. Sept. 27.
Distrib. South Tropical and South Africa.

SENECIO TENELLULUS, S. Moore, sp. nov.
Herba annua, tenella, glabra; caule ascendente, gracili, deorsum

450 MISS L. S. GIBBS ON THE

sparsim folioso, sursum nudo ; foliis sessilibus, anguste oblongis
vel anguste lineari-oblanceolatis, obtusis, uninervibus, leviter
carnosulis; capitulis parvis homogamis, 12-14-flosculosis, in
eorymbo longipeduneulato laxo tricephalo raribracteato digestis ;
pedunculis propriis capitula longe excedentibus, gracilibus ;
involucri cylindrico-infundibuliformis ecalyculati phyllis 8,
lineari-oblongis, obtusis, apice vero pubescentibus dilute viridibus
tenuiter nervosis; flosculis breviter exsertis purpureis; styli
ramis elongatis truncatis, penicillatis; acheniis valde crudis
angustissimis, compressiusculis, glabris; pappi setis scabriusculis
albis.—Juxta Sen. Baumii, O. Hoffm., inserendus cujus folia sat
similia, capitula equidem 25-flosculosa diversa, e. g. involucri
latioris phylla breviora, omnimodo glabra, extra plane striata,
corolla lobi longiores, &e.

Hab. Matopo Hills, bog near * View." Oct. 203.

Whole plant at most 30 em. high. Leaves 3:0-4:0 x 0-2-0:25
em.,the very few scattered highest ones narrowly linear. Peduncle
about 6 em. long; proper peduncles of fully mature capitula
9:0-9'5 em. long; bracts very narrowly linear, + 22 mm. in
length; capitula 11 em. long, 0'4 cm. in diameter, gradually
narrowing towards the base; involucral leaves 1'0 cm. long
and + 1:0 mm. in width; corollas 8 mm. long; the tube very
slender but slightly enlarged immediately under the limb, of
which the lobes are only 1:0 mm. long; anthers entire at base;
style-arms nearly 3:0 mm., achenes 3:0 mm., pappus 7:0 mm. long.

SENECIO ERUBESCENS, Ait.

Matopo Hills, vlei ground, general. Fl. Oct. 241.

Distrib. Transvaal, Natal, Cape Colony. First record for
Tropieal Africa.

A herbaceous perennial with dark violet flowers.

SENECIO LASIORHIZUS, DC.

Matopo Hills, veld, general. Fl. Sept. 189.

Distrib. Angola, British Central Africa, Rhodesia.

A herbaceous perennial, with handsome yellow heads of flowers
which precede tke large radical leaves.

SENECIO ROSMARINIFOLIUS, Linn.

Matopo Hills, sandbanks in streams. Fl. Oct. 43.

Distrib. Cape Colony. This seems to be the first record for
Tropical Africa.

BOTANY OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA. 451

SENECIO BARBERTONICUS, Alatt, in Bull. Herb. Boiss. (1896)
p. 840. Var. MIUROCEPHALA, S. Moore, var. nov. A typo abhorret
precipue ob capitula plane minora et pauciorflosculosa. In-
volucri phylla summum 1:2 em. long. Flosculi pro capitulo 12.

Hab. Matopo Hills, Ischotje. Oct. 250.

A shrub 1:5-3 m. high, with fleshy leaves at the end of the
branches, and small terminal heads of yellow flowers.

OsTEOSPERMUM MURICATUM, Æ. Meyer.
Matopo Hills, old Kaffir lands. Fl. and Fr. Sept. 22.
Distrib. Angola, Somaliland, Rhodesia, South Africa.

GaAZANIA Krepstana, Less., var. HISPIDULA, Harvey.
Matopo Hills, veld. Fl. and Fr. Sept. 75.
Distrib. Rhodesia, Transvaal, Orange River, and Cape Colony.

GERBERA PILOSELLOIDES, Cass.

Matopo Hills, vlei ground. Fl. and Fr. Oct. 257.

Distrib. Wide in Tropical and South Africa; also Asia and
Tasmania.

Laruca CAPENSIS, Thunb.
Matopo Hills, veld, general. Fl. and Fr. Sept. 52.
Distrib. Widely distributed in Tropical and South Africa.

CAMPANULACEE.
LOBELIA THERMALIS, Thunb.
Matopo Hills, rocky banks of Malami River FI. Sept,
Oct. 31.
Distrib. Kunene District, Rhodesia, and South Africa.

LOBELIA DECIPIENS, Sond.
Matopo Hills, vlei ground, general. Fl. Sept., Oct. 87.
Distrib. Rhodesia, South Africa.

LOBELIA TRULLIFOLIA, Hemsl., forma.

Matopo Hills, Fort Usher, under overhanging rocks, Fl. Oct.
271.

Distrib. British Central Africa.

A pretty little carpeting annual, not rooting at the nodes. In
this form the anthers are glabrous.

452 MISS L. 8. GIBBS ON THE

LOBELIA MINUTIDENTATA, Engl. 4 Gilg, in Baum, Zambesi-
Kunene Exp. p. 398.

Matopo Hills, on edge of bog, where it drains over granite.
Malam River. Fl. Oct. 272.

Distrib. Type locality, Chihinde, in Portuguese West Africa.

This plant was collected by Baum on the Kunene-Zambesi
Expedition. My specimen is really intermediate between
L. angolensis, Engl. & Gilg, and L. minutidentata, Engl. & Gilg,
as it shows the less luxuriant inflorescence and slightly larger
calix of the former, while in the shape and more obscure
dentation of the leaves it approaches the latter. The structure
of the flower is similar in all three, and I am inclined to think
these are only forms of one species.

LOBELIA FowTICOLA, Engl. § Gilg, L c.

Matopo Hills, banks of Malami River, in sand. FI. Sept. 96.

Distrib. Type locality, left bank of Chitanda River, in Port.
W. Africa.

This is an interesting record of another of Baum’s West
African plants. It is a very characteristic little species, the
whole plant white with silky adpressed hairs and very minute
white flowers. Only three specimens of this species were seen
by me, but it may be more abundant later on in the summer.

LOBELIA MICRODON, A. DC.

Matopo Hills, between rocks by river. Fl. Sept., Oct. 37.

Distrib. South Africa.

Annual, with rosette of radical leaves and erect flowering
stems.

LIGHTFOOTIA TENUIFOLIA, A. DC.
Matopo Hills, veld. FI. Sept. 35.
Distrib. Angola, Rhodesia (Rand).

W AHLENBERGIA CALEDONICA, Sond.

Matopo Hills, veld. Fl. Oct. 220.

Distrib. Rhodesia, Cape District, Betchuanaland, Transvaal.

A form with pale yellow flowers. Previously collected in
Rhodesia by the Hon. Mrs. Evelyn Cecil (Inyanga, Herb. Kew.).

PLUMBAGINES.
PLUMBAGO ZEYLANICA, Linn.
Matopo Hills, kopjes. Fl. Sept. 14.
Distrib. Tropics of Old World, Transvaal, Natal.

BOTANY OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA. 458

EBENACER.
ROYENA PALLENS, Thunb.
Victoria Falls, veld, and in Matopo Hills. FI. Sept. 112.

Distrib. Angola, Central and East Tropical Africa, South
Africa.

EUcLEA pEVINORUM, Hiern.
Matopo Hills, veld, kopjes, general. g 9. Sept. 34.
Distrib. South Central Tropical and South-east Africa.

A. dense evergreen shrub, with green flowers in small axillary
racemes ; sweet-scented.

EUCLEA MULTIFLORA, Hiern.

Matopo Hills, kopje. g. Sept. 46.

Distrib. Angola, Mozambique District, Rhodesia, South Africa.

A small evergreen shrub with white sweet-scented flowers in
axillary racemes.

OLEACEEX.

JASMINUM MAURITIANUM, Bojer.

Vietoria Falls. Islands and kloofs of Zambesi gorge, Fl.and
Fr. Sept. 111.

Distrib. West (Angola) to East Central Tropical Africa ;
Mozambique District.

APOCYNACES.
DIPLoRRHYNCHUS MOSSAMBICENSIS, Benth.
Matopo Hills, veld, general. Fi. Oct. 273.

Distrib. Angola, South Central Tropical Africa and Mozambique
District.

A small tree, with umbels of cream-coloured flowers.

ASCLEPIADE®.
ASCLEPIAS FRUTICOSA, Linn.
Matopo Hiils, banks of Malami River. Fl. and Fr. Oct. 108.
Distrib. Wide, Tropical and Subtropical Africa, Southern
Europe, Arabia.
ASCLEPIAS TENUIFOLIA, JV. E. Br.

Matopo Hills, kopjes, general, in eracks of granite. Fl. Sept.
100.

Distrib. Rhodesia.

454 MISS L. S. GIBBS ON THE

An ercet herbaceous perennial, 3 dm. high. Type specimen
from the Mangwe River, S. Rhodesia (Baines, Herb. Kew.).
This is the second record for this plant.

SARCOSTEMMA VIMINALE, Jt. Br.

Matopo Hills, general. Fl. Oct. 259.

Distrib. Upper and Lower Guinea, Nile-land, Mozambique
District.

A leafless liane, forming matted masses on trees, or spreading
over rock-surfaces.

LOGANIACES.

NUXIA VISCOSA, Sp. nov.

Arbor, dense ramosa, ramis junioribus densiuscule glanduloso-
pubescentibus, mox glabratis; cortice sublaxo longitudinaliter
striato; foliis ternis, breviter petiolatis (petiolis dense glan-
duloso-pilosis) late obovatis, apiee rotundatis mucronulatis, basi
rotundatis, subehartaceis utrinque glanduloso-pubescentibus,
ineequalitur dentatis, margine glanduloso-ciliatis, nervislateralibus
utrinque 3-5, supra inconspicuis, subtus sat prominentibus,
glanduloso-pilosis ; floribus albidis, in eymis breviter pedunculatis
sublaxis foliis circiter zequilongis ramulos ultimos terminantibus
glanduloso-pubescentibus dispositis; bracteis setaceo-subulatis,
glanduloso-pubescentibus ; pedicellis calyce brevioribus ; calycis
glanduloso-pilosi tubo anguste cylindrico, lobis tubo plane
brevioribus; corolle lobis oblongo-ovatis, dorso puberulis:
antheris exsertis horum loculis confluentibus, subparalleli-
divergentibus; ovario dense sericeo; stylo exserto obtuso; capsula
ignota.—Sp. N. pubescenti, Sond., affinis abs qua differt foliis
majoribus, latioribus, glandulosis neenon manifeste dentatis,
cymis brevioribus, calyce angustiore. Ab omnibus congeneribus
distinctissima ob folia lata dentata glanduloso-pubescentia.

Hab. Matopo Hills, near American Mission and on the Silozi.
Fl. Oct. 246.

The petiole varies from 3-5 m. in length, the lamina of the
leaf is from 4°5-5 em. long and 3°3-4°3 em. broad; the common
peduncle of the terminal cymes is only 5 mm. long, the eymes
are + 6 em. broad and 4 em. long, the flower-pedieels are + 2 mm.
long; the ealyx-tube is + 2 mm. long and | mm. broad, the
lobes are 14 mm. long and just over 1 mm. broad at the base;
the filaments are + 3 mm. long and the anthers + 14 mm. long;

BOTANY OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA. 450

the ovary is + 3 mm. long and the style and stigma + 6 mm.
long.

An evergreen tree, 7-10 m. high, with a much-branched
spreading crown, growing in deep holes and wide fissures of the
granite. Leaves and inflorescence very viscid.

GENTIANE E.

Canscora Kırg, N. E. Br.

Victoria Falls, bog edge of Rain Forest and Livingstone
Island. Fl. and Fr. Sept. 152.

Type locality, collected by Sir John Kirk on Livingstone
Island in 1860, and apparently not since.

A small annual with pink flowers, which were always closed.
They very possibly open in the evening. It was only seen in
bright sunshine.

BonnaGINEX.

CorDIA sp.

Matopo Hills, kopjes. Fl. and very young leaf, Oct. 199.

A small tree, with white flowers, which are borne on lateral
branches on the young wood in small terminal eymes of three or
four. The species is probably a new one, but the leaves are too
immature to describe it.

EHRETIA HoTTENTOTICA, Burch.
Matopo Hills, old Kaffir lands. Fl. and Fr. Oct. 279.

Distrib. Rhodesia (Rand), South Africa.

TRICHODESMA PHYSALOIDES, Fenzl.

Matopo Hills, veld, general. Fl. Sept., Fr. Oct. 74.

Distrib. Nileland, Mozambique District, Nyassaland, Angola,
Transvaal, Betchuanaland.

Herbaceous perennial, which sends up a tuft of flowering
shoots, about 7 dm. high, from the persistent root-stock, in the
beginning of spring; these are succeeded by the vegetative
shoots, about 1 m. high, which develop during the rainy season.
It is a very handsome plant with large white flowers and glaucous
green foliage, gregarious.

CoNvoLvULACEX. (Dr. Rendle.)
MARREMIA ANGUSTIFOLIA, Hailier f.
Matopo Hills, veld. Fl. Oct. 228.
Distrib. Tropical and South Africa
LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII, 21

456 MISS L. S. GIBBS ON THE

ASTROCHLENA MALVACEA, Hallier jf, var. EPEDUNCULATA,
Rendle.

Matopo Hills, veld and kopjes, general. Fl. Oct. 84.

Distrib. Rhodesia.

In this specimen the flowers are single in the axils of the leaves ;
but as it was collected at the very commencement of the flowering
period, this fact is probably due to less luxuriance of growth.
The root-stock is perennial, sending out long shoots which run
over the ground and bushes, and on these the flowers appear as
soon as they start growth. The leaves and stems are covered
with a white tomentum, the flowers are mauve.

Ipomma OBSCURA, Ker.
Matopo Hills, veld. Oct. 248.
Distrib. Wide.

ScROPHULARINES.

APTOSIMUM LINEARE, Marl. § Engl.

Matopo Hills, veld. Fl. Sept. 13.
Distrib, Angola, Mozambique District, South Africa.

NEMESIA AFFINIS, Benth.

Matopo Hills, Malami River. Fl. Sept. 49.

Distrib. German South-west Africa, Namaqualand, Cape
District.

NEMESIA FÆTENS, Vent.

Matopo Hills, Malami River, sand-banks. Fl. Sept. 312.

Distrib. Rhodesia, Transvaal, Natal, Cape Colony.

This plant has been collected near Bulawayo (Eyles, Brit.
Mus.).

DICLIS PETIOLARIS, Benth.
Matopo Hills, Malami River, sand-banks. Fl. Sept. 76.
Distrib, Lower Guinea, Mozambique District, South Africa.

SUTERA MICRANTHA, Hiern.

Matopo Hills, Malami River, sand-banks. Fl. Sept. 36.

Distrib. Central Africa, Mozambique District, Transvaal,
Swaziland.

An annual plant, with unpleasantly aromatic foliage and small
yellow flowers.

BOTANY OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA. 457

SuTERA BURKEANA, Hiern.

Matopo Hills, veld, general. Fl. and Fr. Sept., Oct. 15.

Distrib, British Central Africa, Rhodesia, South Africa.

An aromatic shrub of herbaceous habit, 1 m. high. Corolla
white, with a purple spot at the base of each segment.

LIMNOPHILA SESSILIFLORA, Blume.

Matopo Hills, N.E. of Fort Usher, by and in streams. FI.
Oct. 212.

Distrib. Wide.

MELASMA SESSILIFLORUM, Hiern.

Victoria Falls, Knife Edge, in grass. Fl. Sept. 293.

Distrib. Angola, Mozambique District, Madagascar, South
Africa.

RHAMPHICARPA TUBULOSA, Benth.

Victoria Falls, banks of islands. Fl. and Fr. Sept. 131, 101 bis.

Distrib. East Tropical Africa from Uganda to the Zambesi.
South Africa.

Very conspicuous with its large pink flowers on the damp
banks of islands and rocks in the Zambesi River above the Falls.
The small-flowered white form (101) oecurred in the Matopo
Hills.

SoPUBIA SIMPLEX, Hochst.

Matopo Hills, by streams, general. Fl. Sept., Oct. 99.

Distrib. Tropical and South Africa.

LENTIBULARINES. (Dr. Stapf.)

Urricurarta Krnkrr, Stapf.

Victoria Falls, bog edge of Rain Forest and Livingstone Island
abundant. Fl. Sept. 176.

Distrib. Batoka country. Zanzibar, Transvaal.

UTRICULARIA WELWITSCHII, Oliver.

Matopo Hills, vlei ground, near American Mission. Fl.
Oct. 230.

Distrib. Angola, Kunene District, Nyassaland.

UTRICULARIA FIRMULA, Welwitsch, ex Oliver.

Vietoria Falls, bog edge of Raiu Forest and Livingstone Island,
also in the Matopo Hills. Fl. Sept. 172.

Distrib. Tropical Africa.
2L2

458 MISS L. 8. GIBBS ON THE

Urricurarta Ginnsrm, Stapf:
Victoria Falls, bog edge of Rain Forest, Sept. 177.
Yellow flowers, with sensitive peduncle, twining round grass.

UTRICULARIA EXOLETA, R. Br.

Victoria Falls, Livingstone Island, and general in the Matopo
Hills, Sept., Oct. 174.

Distrib. Throughout Africa, Asia, and Australia.

Uvrricunarta TRANSRUGOSA, Stapf.
Matopo Hills, general, vlei ground. Fl. and Fr. Sept. 50.
Distrib. Transvaal, Rhodesia.

GENLISEA AFRICANA, Oliver.

Matopo Hills, near American Mission, vlei ground. Fl. and
Fr. Oct. 219.

Distrib. Angola, South Africa.

PEDALINES.

CERATOTHECA TRILOBA, .E. Meyer.
Matopo Hills, old Kaffir lands, general. Fl. Oct. 258.
Distrib. Tropical Africa, Betchuanaland, Transvaal, Natal.

SESAMUM BAUMII, Stapf.

Victoria Falls, on banks of islands, with Phragmites. Fl.
Sept. 115.

Previously collected on the Zambesi (Holub, Herb. Kew.),
and by Baum, Kunene-Zambesi Expedition.

PRETRÆA ZANGUEBARICA, J. Gay.

Matopo Hills, veld. Fl. Oct. 264.

Distrib. Kunene District, Zanzibar, South-east Africa.

A herbaceous perennial, sends out long shoots which lie flat
on the ground, radiating from the root-stock, over a metre in
length. The whole plant is of a grey colour, with pinkish-mauve
flowers which stand above the foliage.

ACANTHACEEX. (Mr. S. Moore.)

NELSONIA TOMENTOSA, Willd.

Victoria Falls, carpeting under Palms on the banks of river.
Fl. Sept. 122.

Distrib. Tropical weed of Old World.

BOTANY OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA. "459

Hy@ropuiza (§ Euhygrophila) cataracts, S. Moore, sp. nov.

H. cauleascendente, subsimplici, superne folioso, piloso-hispido
deinde glabro; foliis mediocribus, lineari-oblanceolatis, acuti-
useulis, supra appresse strigosis mox fere glabris, subtus glabris ;
floribus in spica interrupta inferne leviter paniculata folia
longe excedente digestis; nodis plurifloris; bracteis lineari-
lanceolatis, ut bracteole lineares quam se ipse minores et
calycis pentameri lobi anguste lineares vel lineari-lanceolati
inter se valde inzquales hispidis neenon margine longiciliatis ;
eorolle tubo calyce breviore, eylindrico, labio antico amplo,
ad 4 lobato, transverse rugoso et intus piloso, postico anguste
ovato-oblongo ; filamentis exsertis; antheris inter se paullo
inequalibus ; ovario pubescente ; stylo subincluso; ovulis quove
in loculo 7.—Ab H. uliginosa, S. Moore, et H. Teuczii, Lindau
(hzc a me haud visa), abhorret ob indumentum, staturam minorem,
calycis lobos inzequales, corollas parvas, &c.

Hab. Livingstone Island, Victoria Falls, overhanging the
cataract. Sept. 159.

A plant about 05m. high. Stem nodulose below, about
2 m. in diameter; leaves 2:5-6 cm. x 6-12 mm., very obtuse
at the base, and almost amplexicaul; floral leaves gradually
diminishing above, the youngest scarcely 1 cm. long; bracts
+8 mm. in length; bracteoles linear, about 7 mm. long; calyx-
lobes about 1 em. long, the narrowest 4 mm., the widest 1 mm.
in width; tube of corolla 5 mm. long, 3-33 mm. in diameter ;
upper lip 7 mm. long, its lobes oblong, very obtuse or emarginate,
2 mm. long; lower lip 8 mm. long, its lobes narrowly obovate,
34 mm. long, the intermediate wider than the lateral; filaments
puberulous, united in pairs below, the anticous*broader than the
postieous ; anticous anthers 1} mm., posticous 1 mm. long; ovary
231 mm. long; style pilose-pubescent below, 8 mm. long. Capsule
not seen.

HEMIGRAPHIS PRUNELLOIDES, S. Moore, sp. nov.

H. caule prostrato, radicante, ramulos simplices ascendentes
graciles piloso-puberulos cito glabros emittente; foliis medio-
cribus, sessilibus, oblongo-lanceolatis, utrinque obtusis, margine
stepius undulato-crenulatis, glabris ; floribus in spica interrupta
folia longe excedente digestis; nodis plurifloris; bracteis
lineari-oblanceolatis, obtusis, calyci wquilongis, quam bracteolz
paullo majoribus; calycis lobis anguste linearibus, obtusius-

460 MISS L. S. GIBBS ON THE

culis, ut bractez bracteoleque puberulis et margine ciliatis ;
corolle extra puberule tubo calycem leviter excedente, infra
medium subito coarctato, limbi lobis late obovatis, obtusissimis,
tubum longitudine semisquantibus; staminibus infra medium
tubum insertis; ovario apicem versus pubescente; ovulis pro
loculo 7 ; stylo ovario breviore; capsula cirea 12-sperma.—Distat
ab affini Hemig. tenera, C. B. Clarke, foliis diversis, ealyce majore,
corolle majoris lobis tubum semiaquantibus, staminibus tubo
minus alte affixis, antheris minoribus.

Hab. Victoria Falls. Sept. 161.

Leaves 1:5-2:5 em. long, 6-8 mm. broad, the floral ones
usually 6-8 mm. long; bract 5 mm., bracteoles 4 mm. long, the
former 1 mm. the latter 4 mm. broad; lobes of calyx 5 mm. long ;
corolla-tube slightly more than 5 mm. long, at the bottom 1 mm.,
a little further up 2 mm., at the throat 13 mm. wide; lobes
scarcely 3 mm. long; anthers almost 1 mm. long; ovary nearly
2 mm., style 14 mm. long; capsule glabrous, 5 mm. long; the
subrotund seeds 1 mm. in diameter.

One of the chief carpeting plants of the Rain Forest proper,
occurring also on Livingstone Island and on exmerged rocks in
the Zambesi River above the Falls.

DYSCHORISTE Perrorreril, O. Kuntze.

Victoria Falls, Rain Forest, carpeting. Fl. Sept. 296.

Distrib. Upper Guinea and Nileland. Apparently the first
record for South Central Africa.

DisPERMA VISCIDISSIMUM, S. Moore, sp. nov.

Suffrutex semimetralis, glanduloso-pubescens; caule ascen-
dente, quadrangulari, cortice dilute brunneo obducto, superne
ramulos breves foliosos patentes frequenter emittente; folis
subsessilibus, ovato-oblongis, obtuse acutis, basin versus sensim
angustatis, margine crenulato-denticulatis, membranaceis; floribus
pro rata majusculis, ex axillis superioribus ramulorum oriundis ;
bracteolis lineari-oblongis, obtusis, calyce brevioribus; calycis
tubo cylindrieo iongitrorsum striato aliquanto decolori quam
lobi lanceolati obtusiusculi multo longiore; corolle extra
puberule tubo ealycem leviter excedente, cylindrico, fauces
versus paullulum ampliato, limbo distincte bilabiato tubum
semiszquante, lobis inter se subzqualibus (antico revera latiore)
anguste oblongo-obovatis, obtusissimis emarginatisve, labio antico
basi transverse rugoso intus decurvo-piloso; ovulis pro loculo 1;
capsula brevi, calyce inclusa, polita, 2- vel abortu 1-sperma.—

BOTANY OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA. 461

Planta eum Dispermate dentata, C. B. Clarke, componenda, cujus
indumentum dispar, calyx multo longius lobatus, &c.

-Hab. Vietoria Falls. Sept. 123.

Leaves usually 1-3 em. long (rarely reaching 5 em.) and 6 mm.
to 14 (seldom 21) em. broad, membranaceous, often grey-green
when dry; bracteoles 7 mm. long; calyx 1:2 em. long, with
lobes only about 3 mm.; tube of corolla 1:2 em. long, near the
base 2 mm., further up 4 mm. in diameter; the lips 1 em. long;
lobes 83 mm. long, 4-44 mm. broad (the intermediate lobe
of the lower lip 5 mm.); stamens shortly exserted ; anthers
oblong, obtuse at base, 24 mm. long ; ovary oblong-ovoid, 13 mm.
long; style puberulous, 1'2 em. long; capsule obovoid, acute at
the tip, 7 mm. long; seeds covered with appressed grey hygro-
scopic hairs, 3 mm. in diameter.

A strongly aromatic plant, growing in sand on veld. The
young leaves and inflorescence are densely covered with
glandular hairs.

PHAYLOPSIS LONGIFOLIA, T. Thoms.

Victoria Falls, Rain Forest, abundant. Fl. Sept. 160.

Distrib. Cameroons, Abyssinia, British and German East
Africa, Natal, Cape Colony.

This plant occurs all through the Rain Forest, especially
towards the back, and runs up to over a metre in height.

ASYSTASIA COROMANDELIANA, Nees.

Victoria Falls, banks of river and islands among reeds. Fl.
Sept. 119.

Distrib. Common weed in Old World.

JUSTICIA ELEGANTULA, S. Moore, in Journ. Bot. xxxviii. (1900)
p. 204.

Matopo Hills, veld. Fl. Sept., Oct. 32.

Distrib. Widely spread in Southern Rhodesia.

[A very interesting little herbaceous plant. It forms winter
resting buds of fleshy white radical leaves on the rhizome below
the surface; the cauline leaves succeeding these are small and
linear, bearing rosy-pink flowers in their axils, From the base
of these shoots, long surface runners are sent out, with large
ovate leaves about 3 em. long, and flowering shoots rise in the
axils of these leaves. These secondary shoots apparently root at
the nodes, when the fleshy radical leaves are laid down, forming
water-storage tissue for next season’s growth. It was the

462 MISS L. S. GIBBS ON THE

peculiarity of these secondary shoots with their very dissimilar
leaves which led Mr. Moore, loc. cit., to make his var. repens,
S. Moore. His second var. elatior, 8. Moore, was based on an
unusually long primary shoot collected without the radical
leaves. With incomplete material not showing the actual con-
nections it would be impossible to make out the sequence of
events.—L. S. G.]

Dicuiprera MELLERI, Rolfe.

Matopo Hills, veld, general. Fl. Oct. 80.

Distrib. Nyassaland, Zambesi District, Rhodesia.

A herbaceous perennial, decumbent shoots, white flowers.

SELAGINER.
HrBENSTREITIA HoLeBi, Rolfe.
Victoria Falls, islands. Fl. and Fr. Sept. 116.
Distrib. Zambesi District. Type from Shesheke, Zambesi
(Holub, Herb. Kew.).
A glaucous herb, 1 m. high, with linear leaves and small white
flowers.

WALAFRIDA CHONGWEENSIS, Rolfe, sp. nov.

Herba perennis, ramis strictis, minutissime puberulis; foliis
linearibus subobtusis, laxis, interdum fasciculatis, subcanescenti-
bus; spicis ad apices ramorum aggregatis, numerosis, subeorym-
bosis, multifloris; floribus brevissime pedicellatis, minutis ;
bracteis basi pedicellis adnatis, lineari-oblongis, obtusis, incurvatis,
concavis; calyce trifido, lobis lateralibus oblongis, obtusis, parce
ciliatis, lobo intermedio subulato, acuto, paree ciliato; corolla
alba, tubo oblongo, lobis rutundato-oblongis, obtusis, inzequalibus;
fructu ovoideo-globoso, tuberculato, in coecos 2 secedente.—
Ad W. angolensem, Rolfe, accedit, differt foliis angustioribus,
calycis lobis lateralibus latioribus.

Hab. Victoria Falls, banks of river and islands. ©. E. F, Allen,
120 (Herb. Kew.), Z. S. Gibbs. Sept. 117.

The plant is 6-7:5 dm. high; the leaves are 2-5 em. long and
1-2 mm. broad; the separate spikes of the inflorescence are
+ 3:6 em. long; the bracts 2 mm. long; the calyx is 1 mm. long,
the lateral lobes are 1 mm. long, and the intermediate one 0:5 mm.
long ; the tube of the corolla is 1:5 mm. and the lobes 1-1:5 mm.
in length; the fruit is 1'3 mm. long.

* Chongwe,” signifying the “ Place of the Rains,” was, aecording
to Dr. Livingstone, the early native name of the Victoria Falls.

BOTANY OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA. 463

VERBENACES.

DURANTA PLUMIERI, Jacq.

Matopo Hills, old Kaffir lands, by stream. Fl. and Fr. Oct.
280.

Distrib. Widely spread in Tropical and South-east Africa.

VITEX FLAVESCENS, Rolfe, var. nov. PARVIFLORA. Å typo
distat præcipue floribus minoribus et lacteis; calyce 53 mm. longo,
hujus lobis 2 mm.; corolla tubo 8 mm. longo, vix 3 mm. lato,
eujus lobis 8 mm. longis; filamentis pubescentibus.

Hab. Victoria Falls, veld. Fl. Sept. 135.

This plant has been considered a synonym of V. Mechowii,
Giirke, from which, among other points of difference, it is at
once distinguished on account of its leaves being 3-foliate.

It is a shrub 1:5-2 m. high.

VITEX ISOTJENSIS, sp. nov.

Arbor, ramis glabris, junioribus flavo-pubescentibus; foliis
longe petiolatis, 5-foliatis, foliolis breviter petiolulatis (petiolulis
ut petioli flavo-pubescentibus) obovatis, basi obtusis vel cuneatis,
rotundatis, obtusissimis vel etiam retusis, utrinque griseo-velu-
tinis, nervis secundariis cirea 9-10, supra planis subtus prominen-
tibus; cymis folia subequantibus, peduneulatis, ut bracteæ
subulate dense flavo-pubescentibus; floribus parvis; calyce
iubuloso infundibulari, obscure bilabiato, 5-dentato, 3 lobis
anticis quam 2 postieis majoribus, extra flavo-pubescentibus ;
corolla breviter tubulosa, extra pubescente, tubo leviter ineurvo
quam calyx paullo longiore, lobis posticis lateralibusque brevibus,
antico maximo, orbiculare, crenulato; staminibus styloque sub-
inclusis.—Ab V. Hildebrandtii, Vatke, distat inter alia foliolis
obovatis, apice rotundatis, bracteis flores non zequantibus, calyce
breviori et obscure bilabiato.

Hab. Matopo Hills, top of Isotje, in cleft of granite. Fi.
Oct. 236.

A tree 7 m. high.

The small cymes are from 3-5 cm. broad, the petioles T 6-7 cm.
long and the petiolules +1-2 mm. long; the three central leaflets
are +3°5 to 5:5 em. long and +2°6-4 em. broad, the two lateral
+3 em. long and 2'5 broad, but often very much smaller, the
median and lateral veins are very pilose and stand out well in a
dried state on the under surface; the small cymes are 3-5 em.

464 MISS L. 8. GIBBS ON THE

across and 1:5 em. long, the length of the peduncle in the flower-
ing stage is from 3:5—5:5 em. long, the bracts are +6-7 mm.
long; the calyx is +3 mm. long and 3 mm. broad at the base of
the lobes, the anterior calyx-lobes are 3 mm. long and 1 mm.
broad, the posterior 3 mm. long and 3 mm. broad; the corolla is
7 mm. long to the end of the anterior lobe and the tube is
exserted for about 2 mm. ; the anthers and filaments are +3 mm.
long and the style and stigma 5 mm. long.

A small tree with spreading crown, densely covered with dark
green pubescent leaves and small flat cymes of white flowers
with mauve lip.

CLERODENDRON MYnICOIDES, R. Br.
Matopo Hills, old Kaffir lands. Fl. Oct. 282.
Distrib. Widely distributed in Tropical Africa, Natal.

LABIATS.

OCIMUM OBOVATUM, Æ. Meyer.

Matopo Hills, veld, general. Fl. Oct. 102.

Distrib. Upper Congo, German East Africa, South Africa.
A decumbent perennial; white flowers tinted mauve.

MoscuosMa RIPARIUM, Hochst., forma.

Matopo Hills, veld and kopjes, common. g 9. Sept. 3.

Distrib. Angola, British Central Africa, Mozambique District,
Transvaal, Natal.

A shrub, 14-2 m., with rigid branches; usually flowers before
the leaves, but in shady situations they were found simultaneous.
The racemes are axillary only, and very much smaller than the
type, especially the d.

PLECTRANTHUS FLORIBUNDUS, JN. E. Br.

Matopo Hills, veld. Fl. Sept. 9.

Distrib. Swaziland, Natal.

Shrub, with cane-like branches, flowering before the leaves.
The flowers are deep orange-yellow, borne in dense secund
opposite racemes towards the apex of the leafless shoots. The
var. longipes, N. E. Br., with laxer racemes, not secund, smaller
and lighter yellow flowers, is rather widely distributed in South
Tropical Africa, but this is apparently the first record for the
type.

BOTANY OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA. 465

ILLECEBRACEX.

POLLICHIA CAMPESTRIS, Ait.
Victoria Falls, islands. Fl. Sept. 118.
Distrib. Tropical and South Africa.

AMARANTACEÆ.

ACHYRANTHES ASPERA, Linn.

Victoria Falls, Rain Forest and islands. Fl. and Fr. Sept.
171.

Distrib. Widely spread in the Tropics.

ALTERNANTHERA SESSILIS, R. Br.
Victoria Falls, banks of river, amongst reeds. Fl. Sept. 121.
Distrib. Widely distributed in the Tropics.

PoryGoNACEEX.

POLYGONUM HERNIARIOIDES, Del.

Matopo Hills, sand-banks in streams. Fl. Sept. 63.

Distrib. Angola, Amboland, Zambesi District, Rhodesia
(Gardiner, Herb. Kew.).

PoposteEMacEez. (Dr. Rendle.)

TRISTICHA TRIFARIA, Tul.

Victoria Falls, Livingstone Island. Fl. Sept. 320.

Distrib. Angola, Niger, Madagascar, Mascarenes.

This little plant was conspicuous by the bright green junger-
manniaceous shoots, closely adpressed to the rock, in a shallow
runnel where the water was rushing over the very edge of the
cataract. The flat thallus encrusted the rock, bearing on it the
little flowering shoots, not more than 2 cm. long.

T. ALTERNIFOLIA, Tul.

Victoria Falls, in river, on submer ed rocks and stones. FI.
aud young Fr. Sept. 321.

Distrib. Niger, Congo, Nile, Central Africa.

This species was abundant, covering all the shallower rocks
and stones, where there was no rush of water. The long red
filamentous branches are very alga-like in appearance, floating
freely.

466 MISS L. 8. GIBBS ON THE

SPHEROTHYLAX sp.

Victoria Falls, river, thickly covering exmerged rocks. Fruit-
ing capsules only, Sept. 322.

Distrib. South African genus.

[ Dr. Rendle succeeded in identifying the genus of this plant
under circumstances of some difficulty, as the material was quite
dead when collected, with only the fruiting capsules. It is
evidently the first to flower, as the dried vegetative remains,
about 10 em. high, densely covered all the exposed surface of
the rocks with a seaweed-like growth, to be succeeded by the
red floating branches and the flowers and fruit of Tristieha
alternifolia, Tul., where the water had not yet gone down. Pro-
fessor Farmer tells me this zonal distribution is characteristic of
the family, and was always observed by him in Ceylon.—L. S. G.]

PnRorEACEX.

Protea AnYssiNICA, Willd.

Matopo Hills, veld. Fl. and Fr. Sept., Oct. 59.

Distrib. Abyssinia, Rhodesia, Betehuanaland.

A handsome shrub, 3-6 m. high, evergreen, with light glaucous
foliage, only the youngest leaves showing a silvery pubescence.
Flower-heads large and white. This species is scattered in the
Hills, but predominates on the “Sand veld” beyond Fort Usher,
and I was told that this is the case wherever that particular for-
mation occurs. Dr. Bolus(11. p. 11) in the South-eastern Region
limits Protea chiefly to the Table Mountain Sandstone.

Popularly known as *sugar-bush," this plant is general
throughout Southern Rhodesia (Salisbury, Herb. Kew.). I am
indebted to Mr. Dowsett, of the Rhodes Matopo Park, for this
material, having lost my own specimen.

Faure sALIGNA, Harvey.

Matopo Hills, veld. Fl. Oct. 313.

Distrib. Angola, Mozambique, Rhodesia. Also South-east
Africa to Cape Colony (Knysna).

THYMELEACES.

LasrosiPHON Krauss, Meissn.

Matopo Hills, veld, general. Fl. Oct. 229.

Distrib. Angola, South Central Tropical Africa, and South
Africa.

BOTANY OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA. 467

LonANTHACEX.

LonawrHus DREGEI, Eckl. et Zeyh., forma suBCUNEIFOLIA,
Engl. in Bot. Jahrb. xx. (1894) p. 104 ex descript.

Matopo Hills, general. Fl. Oct. 181.

Distrib. Abyssinia, East Tropical Africa, Mozambique District,
Transvaal, Natal.

A most striking plant, the leaves being so tomentose as to
appear quite white. The flowers are also very pilose, with green
petals and yellow hairy tube.

I could not determine the host plant.

Lorantuus Kravusstanus, Meissn.

Matopo Hills. Fl. Oct. 274.

Distrib. Natal.

A plant with smooth and shining leaves and tufts of brilliant
orange-red flowers, growing on a tall tree, but I could not
determine what species.

LonaANTHUS ($ Tapinanthus) ZAMBESICUS, sp. nov.

L.ramulis novellis atque foliorum petiolis breviter pilosis; foliis
oppositis vel sub-oppositis, ovatis obtusiusculis subcoriaceis,
nervis lateralibus utrinque 4, patentibus, utrinque prominenti-
bus; umbellis sessilibus, 5—7-floris ; floribus sessilibus ; bractea
obliqua, pilosa, basi 3 calyculum amplectente, ciliolata, calyculo
breviter eupuliformi; ovario usque ad j adnato piloso-ciliato ;
perigonii breviter pilosi tubo inferiore ovoideo, superiore elongato
infundibuliformi, ultra medium unilateraliter fisso, laciniis
lineari-lanceolatis, apice incrassatis; filamentis crassis, linearibus,
in dentem brevem exeuntibus; stylo pentagono, superne incras-
sato, et infra stigma obovoideum attenuato.—Sp. L. Schwein-
furthii, Engl., affinis, differt internodiis longioribus, umbellis et
floribus sessilibus, braetea obliqua, perigonio superiore longiori.

Hab. Victoria Falls, parasitie on tree on banks of river. Fl.
and Fr. Sept. 140.

The internodes are about 4:5 mm. long, the petioles 6 mm.
long and slightly winged, the leaves are from 6-9-5 em. long and
4°5-5°5 em. broad; the braet is 2 mm. long and the calyculus
2 mm. long, the free edge surrounding the base of the lower
perigonium being 1 mm. long; the lower perigonial tube is 5 mm.
long and 4 mm. broad, and is followed by the upper one 3 cm.
long and very attenuated at the base, the segments are l cm.

468 MISS L. 8. GIBBS ON THE

long and 2 mm. broad ; the anthers are 4 mm. long, the tooth"at
the base of each being over 1 mm. long. The style and stigma
are 8'4 em. long. The fruit is ovoid, 3:4 em. long and bearing
the free edge of the calyeulus on the apex. A member of the
sub-section Constrictiflori. It was growing on a tree I did not
know, which overhung the river-bank on the north side. The
colouring is very brilliant red.

VISCUM VERRUCOSUM, Harvey.

Matopo Hills. Fl. and Fr. Sept. on Croton gratissimus, Burch.
16; on Ficus sp. 65.

Distrib. British Central Africa, Nyassaland, Transvaal, Natal.

This mistletoe is very general in the Hills. The above seemed
to be the commonest hosts, and trees are often covered with it.

SANTALACER.

COLPOON coMPnEssUM, Berg.
Matopo Hills, veld, general. Fl. Oct. 183.
Distrib. South Africa.

EUPHORBIACES.

EUPHORBIA MATABELENSIS, Paw, in Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xv.
(1900) p. 51.

Matopo Hills, veld and kopjes, very general. Fl. Sept. 24.

Distrib. Rhodesia.

A spinously branched shrub, 2-3 m., with smooth grey bark ;
flowers yellow on old wood, before the leaves. This species
seems to be nearer E. cuneata, Vahl, than E. Giirichiana, Pax,
which Pax has given as the affinity.

EUPHORBIA BENGUELLENSIS, Pav, in Bull. Herb. Boiss. vi.
(1898) p. 741.

Matopo Hills, veld. Fl. Oct. 234.

Distrib. Angola, Huilla, Kunene District.

A little herbaceous perennial, flowering in tufts, at about
10cm. high. The flowers are white, with fimbriated white glands.
Apparently the first record for Rhodesia.

PSEUDOLACHNOSTYLIS, sp. aff. MAPROUNEJEFOLI €, Paw, in Bot.
Jahrb, xxviii. (1899) p. 20.

Matopo Hills, veld, general. g. Oct. 276.

Distrib. German East Africa, Kunene District.

BOTANY OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA. 469

A small tree, with straight trunk and spreading crown. The
young foliage is glabrous, and delicate green in colour; the g
yellow-green, occurring in little racemes from the nodes of the
old wood, towards the ends of the branches. In the 9 (which I
did not see) the flowers are single, in the axils of the leaves, on
the young wood. I am indebted to Dr. Stapf for the identifica-
tion of this plant, which is an interesting record. Pax’s new
genus was only deseribed in the above paper, and the two species
on which it is based have been collected, one in East Tropical
Africa, and the other, Pseudolachnostylis maprouneefolia, Pax, in
German East and Portuguese South-west Africa. My specimen
is probably a new species, as it does not quite agree with
P. maprouneefolia, Pax, ex descript., but with only g and very
young leaves it is impossible to decide the question definitely.

PHYLLANTHUS RETICULATUS, Poir.

Victoria Falls, Rain Forest, islands and banks of river. Fl.
and Fr. Sept. 129.

Distrib. Wide in Tropical Africa and Asia.

PHYLLANTHUS NIRURI, Linn.

Matopo Hills, Kafir lauds, general. Fl. Oct. 314.

Distrib, Widely distributed in the Tropics, also in South
Africa.

CROTON GRATISSIMUS, Burch.

Matopo Hills, kopjes. Oct. 209.

Distrib. Amboland and in South Africa.

Shrub, 2-3 m. high, aromatic. This plant shows drought con-
dition during the dry season. The leaves fold up and the young
racemes with small buds, which are evidently developed during
the rains, look quite dead. Before I left at the end of October,
I saw several bushes quite revived and in flower.

Croton (§ Eucroton) BAROTSENSIS, sp. nov.

Arbor, ramulis juvenilibus tomentoso-stellatis ; foliis ovatis,
basi obtusis, apice acutis, in:qualiter serratis, penninerviis,
petiolatis, petiolo lamina 3plo breviori limbo basi stipitato bi-
glanduloso; stipulis setaceis caducis; racemis elongatis, basi
interruptis; floribus racemosis pedicellatis; bracteis subulatis
setaceis; sepalis g 5 ovalis lanceolatis obtusis stellato-pilosis,
sparse lepidotis; petalis oblongis subobtusis extra lepidotis

470 MISS L. 8. GIBBS ON TIIE

pilosis; staminibus 18, filamentis lanatis; receptaculo piloso; 9
sepalis lanceolatis, subacutis, dense pilosis lepidotis; petalis
nullis; ovario squamuloso tomentello; stylo semel dichotome
diviso.

Sp. Crotoni macrostachidi, A. Rich., affinis, differt petiolo et
racemis brevioribus, bracteis unifloribus et staminibus 18.

Hab. Victoria Falls, islands and banks of river. Fl. Sept.
109.

A tree about 9 m. high, the leaves densely pubescent with a
greyish stellate tomentum sparsely lepidote; the leaves are
9 em. long and +6 em. broad, elongated at the apex; the petiole
is 2 em. long, densely tomentose, and the very caducous stipules
are 5 mm. long; the raceme is 14 em. long; the 9 flowers are at
the base of the spike, almost sessile ; the pedicels of the g are
3 mm. long; the bracts are 5 mm. long; the sepals of the ¢ are
over 4 mm. long (in both sepals and petals the veins are brown)
and 14 mm. broad; the petals are 5 mm. long and 1 mm. broad ;
filaments 6 mm. long and anthers 1 mm. long; the sepals of the
9 are 34 mm. long and 1 mm. broad, the ovary is 4 mm. long,
and the dichotomous style 4 mm. long.

ACALYPHA PEDUNCULARIS, Meissn.

Matopo Hills, veld, general. Fl. Oct. 227.

Distrib. Kunene District, Rhodesia, South Africa.

A herbaceous perennial, flowering at about 20 em. high. A
typical veld plant, sending up single erect shoots.

ACALYPHA ZAMBESICA, Muell. Arg.

Matopo Hills, veld, general. Fl. Oct. 225.

Distrib. South Zambesi District. British Central Africa,
Nyassaland and Mozambique District, Rhodesia.

An erect, much-branched, herbaceous perennial, not ‘5 m. high.
Rather striking owing to the long red stigmas of the 9 spikes.

U RTICACEE.
Ficus SoNDERI, Miq.
Matopo Hills, kopjes, general. Fr. Oct. 26.
Distrib. Rhodesia (Baines, Herb. Kew.), Transvaal, Natal.
A large tree, with spreading crown; young branches and
leaves very hairy, deciduous. The bracts are conspicuous, being
red, very pilose and caducous. The fruit is edible,

BOTANY OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA, 471

Ficus LUTEA, Vahl.

Matopo Hills, veld and kopjes, general. Fr. Oct. 285.

Distrib. Tropical and South Africa.

Large tree, the roots flatten over rocks and are often over a
metre broad. The old leaves are thrown off just before the
young foliage appears, which is red in colour.

SALICINEÆ.

SALIX CAPENSIS, Thunb.

Matopo Hills, banks of Malami River. g 9. Sept. 21.
Distrib, Transvaal, Cape Colony.

I have not found this species recorded for Tropical Africa.

HYDROCHARIDES.

HYDRILLA YERTICILLATA, Royle.

Victoria Falls, in Zambesi, abundant. Sept. 136.

Distrib. Cosmopolitan.

—2374 Wilms. Greytowr, Natal (Herb. Kew.). A pond-
weed, forming dense masses floating on the river. Dark green.

Kindly identified for me by Mr. Rolfe.

ORCHIDEE.

LiıssocurLus Kmgnsir, Reichb. f.

Matopo Hills, veld, among trees. Fl. Oct. 254.

Distrib. Lake District aud Uganda, Portuguese East Africa,
Rhodesia, South-east Africa.

Flowering before the leaves.

ANSELLIA AFRICANA, Lindl.

Matopo Hills, general. Fl. Sept., Oct. 270.

Distrib. West to East Tropical Africa, Rhodesia, Transvaal.
An epiphytic species, with ascending aerial roots.

InrpEr.

HESPERANTHA MATOPENSIS, sp. nov.

H. bulbo globoso, tunicis pluribus brunneis laciniatis obducto ;
foliis basalibus 2-3, anguste linearibus glabris, caulinis 3, basi
vaginantibus, superne autem liberis summo ad meram vaginam
reducto ; seapo folia superante, simplice, 5-8-floro, spicam
disticham laxam suffulciente ; spathe valvis inter se subsequalibus

LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII. 2x

472 MISS L. S. GIBBS ON THE

oblongis, apice acutis vel obtusiuseulis, hyalinis membranaceis ;
perianthii tubo longissimo arcuato, anguste cylindraceo, apicem
versus paullulum ampliato ; segmentis oblongis, apice obtusis,
tubo paullo brevioribus; antheris filamentis equilongis ; styli
ramis columna brevioribus.—4A b affini Hesp. Tysont, Baker, distat
ob tubum areuatum spatha duplo longiorem, segmenta longiora
necnon brunnea, et antheras a segmentis superatas.

Hab. Matopo Hills, sandy banks of Malami River. Sept. 44.

The corm is from 12-15 em. long, 14-18 cm. in diameter.
The base of the brown outer scale-leaf separates from the upper
portion as the young corms break through, on growing out at
the base of the old eorm, thus leaving a free basal scale with
laciniate margin and an upper enveloping portion of the scale-
leaf, also with laciniate margin. The basal leaves vary from
16-26 cm. long and 2 mm. broad. The stem is from :5—:9 m.
high, including the lax spike. The spathe-valves are of equal
length, 2 em. long and 6 mm. broad at the base, the spathes of
the upper flowers being more obtuse than those subtending the
lower. The perianth-tube is about 2 em.long and 1 mm. broad,
the segments are about 1°6 cm. long and 4 mm. broad, the inner
series rather narrower; the stamens are inserted at the mouth
of the tube, the filaments being 8 mm. long and the anthers the
same length and 1 mm. broad; the style arms are 1'5 cm. long
and the column 2:2 em. long.

A very distinct species, with corolla and spathe of the palest
brown, the long tubes being very curved, and the perianth-
segments reflexed, exposing the stamens. The flowers are
sweet-scented, opening in the evening. I only saw it in one
locality, but there it was abundant.

GLADIOLUS MELLERI, Baker.

Matopo Hills, vlei ground, general. Fl. Oct. 202.

Distrib. Portuguese East and British Central Africa, Rhodesia.

This species flowers before the leaves, but the last season’s
foliage is often found still attached to the bulbs, as in the above
specimen.

GLADIOLUS PRIMULINUS, Baker.

Victoria Falls, Knife Edge. Sept. 323.

Distrib. South-east Africa, Usagara Mountains. The corm
only of this specimen was brought back. It flowered at the
Chelsea Physic Garden in June 1906.

BOTANY OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA. 473

AMARYLLIDACEE.

Hypoxts VILLOSA, Linn.

Matopo Hills, veld, general. FI. Oct. 192.

Distrib. Tropical and South Africa.

The clear yellow flowers of this plant are striking, as it is
very common, and one of the first to come up after the veld
has been burnt. It blooms very freely, sending up the flower-
stalks before the leaves. In the specimen the dry leaves are of
last season’s growth.

BUPHANE DISTICHA, Herbert.

Matopo Hills, veld, general. Fl. Oct. 208.

Distrib. Angola, Mozambique district, South Africa.

Large bulbs which send up cushion-like umbels of magenta
flowers, about 2 m. high, before the leaves, sweet-scented.

LirrAcEX.

ASPARAGUS LARICINUS, Durch.

Matopo Hills, near streams, general. Sept. 18.

Distrib. Rhodesia, Betchuanaland, Orange River, and Cape
Colony.

A handsome species, which sends up erect canes over 2 m.
high, with very white stem and whorled cladodes.

ALBUCA CAUDATA, Jacq.

Matopo Hills, veld, common. Fl. and bulb, Oct. 287.

Distrib. Portuguese East Africa, Nyassaland, Rhodesia, and
South Africa.

Flowering before the leaves; flowers brown-pink in colour.

URGINEA SANGUINEA, Schinz, in Verhandl. Bot. Vereins
Branden. xxxi. (1890) p. 219.

Victoria Falls, veld, common. FI. and Fr. Sept. 147.

Distrib. Amboland.

Flowers before the leaves.

SCILLA LANCEHZFOLIA, Baker.
Matopo Hills, veld. Fl. Oct. 191.
Distrib. Angola, Uganda, Zambesi District, South Africa.

XYRIDEE.
Xynis MULTICAULIS, JV. E. Br.
Victoria Falls, bog edge of Rain Forest and Livingstone
Island. Fl. Sept. 169.

Distrib. British Central Africa, Nyassaland.
2x2

474 MISS L. S. GIBBS ON THE

Xyris capensis, Thunb.
Matopo Hills, vlei ground, general. Fl. Sept. 55.
Distrib. Tropical and South Africa.

Commetinacex. (Mr. C. B. Clarke.)
COMMELINA NUDIFLORA, Linn.
Victoria Falls, banks of islands and river, amongst reeds.
Fl. Sept. 120.
Distrib. Cosmopolitan.

Froscopa GLOMERATA, Hassk.

Victoria Falls, bog edge of Rain Forest, Livingstone Island,
and exmerged rocks in river. Fl. Sept. 297.

Distrib. Angola, British Central Africa, Zambesi District,
South-east Africa, and Madagascar.

A small creeping perennial with purple flowers.

Juxcaceæ. (Mr. C. D. Clarke.)

Juncus FONTANESII, Laharpe.

Matopo Hills, sand-banks in streams. — Fl. and Fr. Sept. 97.

Distrib. Algeria, Abyssinia, Masai Highlands, Southern
Europe, and Asia.

NATADACER,

POTAMOGETON NATANS, Linn.

Matopo Hills, streams, general. Fl. Sept. 94; also at Vic-
toria Falls, in Zambesi River, common. Fl. Sept. 146.

Distrib. Cosmopolitan.

Mr. Arthur Bennett, to whom I submitted the above specimens,
writes :—* There is no doubt both are P. natans, Linn. 146 is
much like some fluitans forms, but the last leaf it is producing
decides for natans. There is no record for Tropical Africa, and
it is very interesting. The nearest station I hear of is * Sources

LE

of the Limpopo, Nelson?

POTAMOGETON PUSILLUS, Linn.

Matopo Hills, in streams. Fl. and Fr. Sept. 190.

Distrib. Cosmopolitan.

EmrocavLACEE. (Dr. Rendle.)

EnrocAULON sUBULATUM, JV. E. Br.

Victoria Falls, bog edge of Rain Forest, Knife Edge, and
Livingstone Island. FI. Sept. 175.

Distrib. British Central Africa.

BOTANY OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA. 4795

A very abundant little species, varying from about 3 to 8 em.
in height. First collected by Sir John Kirk in the same locality.

EnrocAULON AMPHIBIUM, Rendle, sp. nov.

Herba aeaulescens foliis rosulatis, linearibus superne angus-
tatis, apiee leviter incrassatis, glabris, multinervis, tesselatim
venulosis; peduneulo solitario, tenue, longitudinaliter striato,
glabro, vagina laxa, tubuliforme, apice breviter et unilateraliter
fissa, folia excedente, glabra ; capitulo globoso, niveo, bisexuale ;
bracteis involucralibus reflexis, pallide brunneis, late oblongis
et obtusis, interioribus oblongo-spathulatis, et breviter aeumi-
natis, bracteis fertilibus paullo brevioribus, spathulatis, abrupte
acuminatis, superne brunneis, dorso sub apice albo-barbatis;
receptaculo sparse villoso ; floribus faemineis breviter pedicellatis,
sepalis 3, eonnatis, tubo infundibuliforme lateraliter fisso, superne
concavo et fusco, apice dorsaliter albo-barbato ; petalis 3 sub-
sequalibus, obovato-spathulatis, iu facie interiore deuse lanatis sub
apice glanduligeris, apice barbatis: ovario trigono, stylo pæne
ad basin tripartito; floribus maseulis cum sepalis ut in fl.
foemineo ; stipite supra sepala breve ; petalis albis, subequalibus,
oblongis, glanduligeris, lanatis et barbatis ut in fl. femineo;
staminibus 6, antheris olivaceis; seminibus flavidis translucen-
tibus.

Plants growing alongside the stream and also submerged;
attached by long stout cylindrical roots, 2 mm. thick. Leaves
reaehing nearly 8 em. long, 7 mm. broad above the sheath;
pedunele 30-40 em. long, about 1 mm. diam. in the middle;
heads 6 mm. diam.; involucral bracts about 3 mm. long, fertile
bracts about 2:5 mm. long; outer rows of female flowers, re-
mainder of head male; female flower—sepals 25 mm. long,
stipe below petals 5 mm., petals about 2:5 mm. long and 1 mm.
broad ; style divided for nearly 3 its length; male flower—stipe
below petals barely 1 mm. long, petals 2 mm. long by barely
1 mm. broad.

Hab. By and in stream, Matopo Hills, near American Mission.

An interesting species recalling E. lacteum, Rendle, in habit,
but differing from all other African species in having the sepals
of the female, as well as of the male, flower connate.

EnrocAULON MATOPENSE, Rendle, sp. nov.
Herba acaulescens foliis densiter rosulatis, brevibus, subulatis,

476 MISS L. S. GIBBS ON THE

apice parum inerassatis, glabris, basi autem dense lanata ; pedun-
culis pluribus, tenuibus, eylindricis, 7-eostatis, tortis, glabris,
erectis, folia multoties excedentibus, vaginis quam foliis longi-
oribus, apice bifidis et supra medium unilateraliter fissis, glabris;
capitulis depresso-globosis, bisexualibus, albido-brunneis; brac-
teis involueralibus appressis, obovato-oblongis, apice rotundatis
braeteis fertilibus obovato-spathulatis, valde concavis, breviter
acutis, dorso sub apice albo-barbatis ; receptaculo piloso ; floribus
fommineis subsessilibus, sepalis 3, subclavatis, 2 oppositis sca-
phoideis, tertio paullo breviore et complanato, dorso supra
medium albo barbatis; petalis 3, subequalibus, lineari-spathu-
latis, sub apice glanduligeris, dorso supra medium barbatis,
ovario-trigono, stylo alte trifido ; tl. masculis breviter pedicellatis,
sepalis 3, liberis, inzequalibus, lineari-subulatis ad oblongo-spathu-
latis, dorso sub apice barbatis; petalis valde inzqualibus, uno
parvo, oblongo, dense barbato, alteris pæne obsoletis, staminibus 6,
antheris atris.

Plants 15-20 em. high. Leaves 2-3 em. long, about 2 mm.
broad just above the sheathing base; peduncle 15-20 em. long,
less than 1 mm. diameter, solid in section, sheaths about 3:5 em.
long; heads about 5 em. diameter; involucral bracts closely
appressed to the base of the head, barely 3 mm. long and 1:5 mm.
broad, fertile bracts slightly shorter; female flowers on the
outside of the head, sepals 2 mm. long, petals about 2 mm. long
and 5 mm. broad, the odd one rather longer and broader, style
branched for about $ its length; male flower—sepals about
15 mm. long, 3 to 5 mm. broad, stipes between sepals and
petals barely 1 mm. long, two of the petals reduced to incon-
spieuous blunt outgrowths behind two alternate stamens, the
third about half the length of the stamen ; filaments of stamens
about 1 mm. long.

Hab. Matopo Hills, bog near the “ View."

Near the South Tropical African Eriocaulon lacteum, but a
smaller piant with narrower leaves and without the sharp points
to the bracts.

PÆPALANTHUS WaHLBERGII, Koern.

Matopo Hills, bog near the “ View.” Fl. Sept. 86.
Distrib. Nigeria, German East Africa, Angola, Transvaal.
This is the first record for Rhodesia.

BOTANY OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA. 477

CyrERACEX. (Mr. C. B. Clarke.)

PrcnREUS Munptu, Nees.

Victoria Falls, bog edge of Rain Forest. Fl. and Fr. Sept.
149.

Distrib. Tropical and South Africa, Madagascar.

Forms dense growth, sending out long stolons over a metre
in length.

CxrERUS Haspan, Linn., var. 8. AMERICANA, Boeck.

Victoria Falls, on bog edge and in Rain Forest, on islands.
Fl. and Fr. Sept. 167.

Distrib. Cosmopolitan.

CYPERUS DENUDATUS, Linn. f.
Matopo Hills, sand-banks in streams. Fl. and Fr. Sept. 56.
Distrib. Tropical and South Africa, Madagascar.

ELEOCHARIS CAPITATA, R. Br.

Victoria Falls, bog edge and in Rain Forest. Fl. and Fr.
Sept. 162.

Distrib. Senegal, Congo, Abyssinia, Asia, Polynesia, America.

Grows densely, forming large part of undergrowth.

SCIRPUS FLUITANS, Linn.
Matopo Hills in streams. Fl. and Fr. Sept. 211.
Distrib. Cosmopolitan.

SCIRPUS SUPINUS, Linn.

Matopo Hills, sand-banksin streams. Fl. and Fr. Sept. 58.
Distrib. Cosmopolitan.

SCIRPUS PALUDICOLA, Kunth.

Victoria Falls, Rain Forest, and Livingstone Island. Fl. and

Fr. Sept. 168.
Distrib. Orange River, Cape Colony, Natal, Madagascar.

FUIRENA STRICTA, Steud.

Matopo Hills, by stream, near the “ View.” Fl. and Fr.
Sept. 92.

Distrib. Upper Guinea, British East and Central Africa,
Madagascar, and Comoro Islands.

FUIRENA SUBDIGITATA, C. B. Clarke, sp. nov.

Fere glabra, spiculis 1—4 terminalibus, subcapitatis ; glumarum
aristis nec ciliatis nec recurvatis, petalis (7. e. setis hypognis 3

478 MISS L. 5. GIBBS ON THE

interioribus) cum 3 parte nucis subequilongis, setuli formibus
recurvato-scabris, aut fere nullis; nuce nigra, longitudinaliter
striata, cellulis ellipticis pallidis transversis, in seriebus verti-
caliter superpositis.

Hab. Matopo Hills, sand-banks, Malami River. Sept. 196.

Rhizome woody, horizontal; culms approximate, 3-4 dm. long,
nodes in the upper parts of the culms fewer; the spicules are
2 em. long and 4 mm. in diam. ; the leaves are narrow and erect ;
the glumes minutely pubescent; the nut is shortly stipitate ;
the rostrum conical, white and setulose.

This species is near Fuirena glomerata, Bojer.

[ Mr. Clarke notes that “ Several African Fuirenas are close to
this, and these are considered but one species by some authors;
No. 196 therefore does not make a strong species, but I can find
nothing that quite matches it."—L. S. G.J]

FurnENA (Epirus, C. B. Clarke, sp. nov.

F. rhizomate horizontali ; culmi nodo imo tumido, ellipsoideo,
albo; petalis (7. e. setis hypogynis 3 interioribus) obovatis,
3 nervis eum nuce equilongis; nuce levi, rostro lineari-cylin-
drico levi.

Hab. Victoria Falls, bog edge of Rain Forest. Sept. 125.

The pseudo-bulbs are sessile, distant, on the horizontal rhizome,
12 mm. long and 7 mm. in diam., with contracted base; culms
4 dm. long, rather thick, almost glabrous, heads 3—4, 6-8-branched,
culms distant; spikes 5 mm. long, fuscous nigrescent, ciliate-
pilose.

This species is near F. umbellata, Rottb.

FUIRENA sp.

Matopo Hills, in sedge by streams. Sept. 54.

The rhizome resembles that of F. pubescens; but without
a nut, this is only a guess.

GRAMINEE.

ERIANTHUS TERETIFOLIUS, Stapf, sp. nov.

Affinis E. gunceo, Stapf, sed panicula majore argenteo-villosa,
articulis pedicellisque seaberulis cæterum glabris, spiculis pilis
albis superatis, glumis valvisque angustioribus, arista longiore
diversa.

Gramen ad 2-3 m. altum. Folia basalia dense congesta;

BOTANY OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA. 479

vaginz aret» imbricate, crasse, firme, teretes, glaberrime,
pallide, albidee; ligule late ovate vel oblong, 2-4 mm. longe,
scariose in dorso pilose; laminæ teretes, basin versus leviter
canaliculate, ultro 1 m. longe ad 5 mm. crasss, albescentes,
levissime, glabrz nisi basi pone ligulam pilose, in vagin
dorsum decurrentes. Panicula angusta, erecta, argenteo-
villosa, circiter 6 dm. longa, L dm. lata; rhachis levis, teres vel
superne angulata, supra nodos canaliculata ; rami primarii ad
15 em. longi, à basi laxe ramulosi, graciles ; ramuli filiformes,
tenaces; articuli 3-5 mm. longi; pedicelli germinati, unus
articulum suum subequans, alter dimidio brevior, glabri,
scaberuli. —Spieule lanceolate, albe, 5 mm. longe. Callus
brevis, dense pilosus, pilis 1 mm. longis. Gluma inferior
anguste oblonga, apice 2-dentata, sub-2-carmata tenuis, nervis
intracarinalibus 2, extracarinalibus utrinque 1, dorso infra
medium longe pilosa, pilis ad 6 mm. longis; superior inferiori
zquilonga, lanceolata, acuta, 3-nervis, tenuis dorso imprimis infra
medium longe pilosa. Anthecium inferum ad valvam vacuam
2-nervem angustam in margine ciliatam reductum. <Anthacium
superum hermaphroditum ; valva anguste lineari-lanceolata,
hyalina, 2-loba, ad 2 mm. longa, lobis angustis, marginibus
ciliatis, arista tenui columna 1 mm. longa, seta circa 7 mm. longa
leviter torta; palea minuta, elliptica, hyalina. Lodicule cuneate.
Anthere purpurez, 3 mm. long. Stigmata fere 3 mm. longa,
saturate purpurea.

Victoria Falls, banks of river and islands. Fl. and Fr. Sept.
141.

A handsome grass, 2-3 m. in height, with long rush-like
leaves, which are used by the natives for plaiting mats.

(O. Stapf.)

POLLINIA VILLOSA, Spreng.
Victoria Falls, bog edge of Rain Forest. Fl. Sept. 153.
Distrib. German East Africa, Cape Colony, Madagascar.

ANDROPOGON EUCOMUS, Nees.
Matopo Hills, in sedge by streams. Fl. and Fr. Sept. 23.
Distrib. Tropical and South Africa.

A. HIRTUS, Linn.
Matopo Hills, near streams. Fl. Oct. 288.
Distrib. Wide in Tropical and South Africa.

480 MISS L. S. GIBBS ON THE

OPLISMENUS sp.

Victoria Falls, Rain Forest and islands. Sept. 158.

No flower or fruit. One of the chief carpeting plants in the
Rain Forest.

PorveopnrackEx. (Mr. J. G. Baker.)

CYATHEA Dreger, Kunze.

Matopo Hills, near American Mission, by streams. Oct. 292.

Distrib. Nileland, British Central Africa, Nyassaland, Zambesi
District, South Africa.

ADIANTUM CAUDATUM, Linn.

Victoria Falls, Rain Forest and kloofs of lower gorge.
Sept. 180; also Matopo Hills, Mtchabesi Valley. 316.

Distrib. East Tropical Africa and Transvaal.

ADIANTUM CAPILLUS- VENERIS, Linn.

Matopo Hills, Malami River. Sept. 20; also at Victoria
Falls, Rain Forest, and Livingstone Island.

Distrib. Cosmopolitan.

ADIANTUM Oarrsir, Baker, in Oates, Matabeleland, ed. 1,
App. p. 369.

Victoria Falls, Rain Forest, bordering stream. Sept. 317.
(Only dead fronds.)

Distrib. Zambesi District, Ngamiland, Crocodile River.

CHEILANTHES HIRTA, Swartz.

Matopo Hills, kopjes, general. Sept. 90.

Distrib. Angola, Mascarenes, and South Africa.

This species was only seen in the drought condition of the
dry season, the pinnz rolling up to the rachis. It soaks out in
water.

CHEILANTHES MULTIFIDA, Swartz.

Matopo Hills, under overhanging rocks. Sept. 69.
Distrib. Tropical Africa, Natal, Cape Colony.
CHEILANTHES FARINOSA, Aaulf.

Victoria Falls, Rain l'orest, and Knife Edge. Sept. 6.
Distrib. Tropics of Old and New World.

PELLEA GERANIÆFOLIA, Fée.
Matopo Hills, kopjes. Sept. 291.

BOTANY OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA. 481

Distrib. Zambesi District, Angola, South-east Africa, and
Mascarenes, Tropics of Old and New World.
Collected in drought condition.

PELLÆA PECTINIFORMIS, Baker.
Matopo Hills, near American Mission, by stream. Oct. 294.
Distrib. Angola, Mascarenes, Transvaal, Natal.

PELLÆA HASTATA, Link.
Metopo Hills, kopjes, general. Sept. 89.
Distrib. Abyssinia, Zambesi District, Mascarenes, South Africa.

PTERIS QUADRIAURITA, Retz., var.

Matopo Hills, by streams, general, and at Victoria Falls,
Rain Forest, Knife Edge, anl kloofs. Oct. 223.

Distrib. Throughout the Tropics, Transvaal, Natal.

ASPLENIUM FURCATUM, Thunb.

Matopo Hills, kopjes, general. Sept. 28.

Distrib. Tropics of Old and New World, South Africa.
Collected in drought condition.

ACTINIOPTERIS RADIATA, Link.

Matopo Hills, kopjes, general; also at Victoria Falls, veld.
Sept. 33.

Distrib. Throughout Africa to Transvaal, Asia.

NEPHRODIUM ALBO-PUNCTATUM, Desv.

Matopo Hills, Mtchabesi Valley. Oct. 210.

Distrib. Tropical Africa and islands, Natal.

Collected in drought condition. No sori: this is therefore a
tentative determination.

NEPHRODIUM UNITUM, R. Br.

Victoria Falls, banks cf river and of islands, running through
Phragmites. Sept. 151.

Distrib. Tropics of Old and New World, Cape Colony,
Natal.

NEPHROLEPIS CORDIFOLIA, Presl.

Victoria Falls, Rain Forest, and Knife Edge, running up
trunks of trees. Sept. 155.

Distrib. Tropics of Old and New World.

Only the dead fronds, on rhizome. No sori.

482 MISS L. S. GIBBS ON THE

NEPHROLEPIS EXALTATA, Schott.

Victoria Falls, Rain Forest. Sept. 148.

Distrib. Angola, Upper Guinea, Zambesi District, Crocodile
River; also Tropical Asia, Australia, and America.

NornorxwsA BUCHANANI, Baker.

Matopo Hills, under overhanging rocks, near the “ View.’’
Sept. 70.

Distrib. Nyassaland, Natal.

GxYMNOGRAMME CORDATA, Schlecht.

Matopo Hills, kopjes, scattered. Sept. 29.

Distrib. Angola, South Africa, Bourbon, and St. IIelena.

Only seen in the drought condition, the rhachis curling up in
this species, exposing the dorsal surfaces of the pinne, which are
thickly covered with membranous scales.

SCHIZEACEX. (Mr. J. G. Baker.)

MOHRIA CAFFRORUM, Desv.

Matopo Hills, Isotje. Oct. 235.

Distrib. Angola, Tropical Equatorial East Africa, Mascarenes,
South Africa.

Lycoropraceæ. (Mr. J. G. Baker.)

LYCOPODIUM CAROLINIANUM, Linn.

Matopo Hills, vlei ground, American Mission. Oct. Fr. 231.

Distrib. Central and South Africa, Madagascar and Mas-
carenes, America, Asia, Australia.

SELAGINELLACEX. (Mr. J. G. Baker.)

SELAGINELLA RUPESTRIS, Spring.

Matopo Hills, kopjes, general. Sept. 4.

Distrib. Abyssinia, German East Africa, South-east Africa;
also wide in temperate regions.

Only seen in drought condition, when it forms dense white
patches covering shallow pans and crevices in granite. On
soaking in water the leaves spread out, showing the green
laminz and the sporophores with mature spores, which are shed
on commencement of rains. The white colour in the drought
condition is due to the long hair-points of the adpressed leaves.

BOTANY OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA. 483

SELAGINELLA IMBRICATA, Spring.

Victoria Falls, on the top of and lower down the cliffs of the
lower gorge of the Zambesi River. Sept. 179.

Distrib. Cameroons, Abyssinia, Zambesi District, and Arabia.

Forms dense carpeting masses on the edge of the plateau. In
drought condition the whole frond is tightly curled up, exposing
the light under surface of the pinne.

ManzsrLEACEX. (Mr. J. G. Baker.)

MARSILEA CAPENSIS, A. Br.
Matopo Hills, Malami River. Fr. Oct. 289.
Distrib. Rhodesia, South Afriea.

MARCHANTIACE®.

PLAGIOCHASMA sp. (P).

Matopo Hills, bordering streams, general. Fr, Oct. 324.

This plant is now growing vigorously in the Chelsea Physic
Gardens.

RIcclace®.
Riccra FLUITANS, Linn.

Matopo Hills, in streams. Sept. 318.
Distrib, Cosmopolitan.

Fusar. (Miss Lorrain Smith.)

HYMENOCHZTE RUBIGINOSA, Sev.
Victoria Falls, veld, on dead wood. Sept. 262.
Distrib. Cosmopolitan.

POLYSTICTUS SANGUINEUS, Meyer.
Victoria Falls, veld, on dead wood. Sept. 165.
Distrib. Wide in the Tropics.

Cuaracex. (Mr. Henry Groves.)

NITELLA HYALINA, Ág.

Matopo Hills, Malami River. Fr. Sept. 311.

Distrib. Cosmopolitan, but very local.

Growing in dense patches, about 3 cm. high, where the water
runs over stones.

484 MISS L. 8. GIBBS ON THE

NosrocACEX. (Mr. Wm. West.)

Nosroc COMMUNE, Vaucher.

Victoria Falls, bog edge of Rain Forest and Livingstone
Island, abundant. Sept. 200.

Distrib. Cosmopolitan.

In round green gelatinous balls, varying in size from that of a
marble to a cricket-ball. On cutting open, these balls show
a white matrix. <A very polymorphic species, which occurs in
almost every latitude.

PLANT ASSOCIATION AT THE VICTORIA FALLS.

In considering the surroundings of the Victoria Falls from
a botanical point of view, three distinct regions may be
recognized, due rather to edaphic than geological conditions.

The first is the Veld, or open Forest growth, which obtains
through the whole of Southern Rhodesia, extending as far as eye
can see on both sides of the Zambesi River.

The second region seems to be limited to the immediate banks
of the Zambesi River and islands above the Victoria Falls, in
which the dominant plant is Kugenia guineensis.

The third would include the bog edge of Livingstone Island
and that of the opposite Rain Forest, with the famous Rain Forest
proper, and Knife Edge, where Eugenia cordata predominates.

The Veld.

The surrounding country js a flat basalt plateau, over
3000 ft. above the sea-level, through which the Zambesi River
is gradually eutting its way back, in a series of zigzags which
correspond to parallel planes of weakness iu the basalt. The
soll, where there is any, is composed of white sand, which is
supposed to have been blown down from higher up the river.
It supports an open, deciduous, forest-growth, the trees being
larg. r in size than is the case nearer to Bulawayo and in the
Matopos. Botanically it might be called a tree steppe, locally it
is always the “ veld.” Where irrigation is possible the soil is
fertile, fruit-trees and vegetables having been grown with success.

On this veld, in September, of the trees aud shrubs, Oncoba
spinosa, Ximenia caffra, Diplorrhynchus mossambicensis, Royena
pallens, Olax dissitiflora, Bolusanthus speciosus, and Vitex
Jlavescens were found in flower; also in the vicinity of the

BOTANY OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA. 485

Hotel, where the trees had possibly access to extra sources
of moisture, and so came earlier into bloom, Brachystegia
appendiculata, Acacia Welwitschii, Gleditschia africana, and
Burkea africana, and, perhaps for the same reason, an Ochna
Antunesii was a magnificent sight at the Foresters’ Camp.
Judging from the fruit on the leafless trees, Combretum, Ter-
minalia, Bauhinia, and Sterculia sp., with Afzelia euanzensis,
Peltophorum africanum, and the evergreen Copaifera coleosperma,
were the most common, including the huge Adansonia digitata,
which stands out from all the other trees in height, peculiar
branching, and smooth red bark.

Below the Falls, in the vicinity of the Zambesi Gorge, and
covering the area of the zigzags, we get what was the old bed of
the river; and the change in the appearance of the vegetation
quite limits this area. Here the basalt is mostly exposed, white
patches of zeolite crystals appearing on the surface, also loose
lumps of ferric oxide, perforated with round holes, which
Professor Penck informed me had evidently been laid down
round the roots of the Phragmites which fringed the banks and
islands when the Zambesi flowed over this area; also loose
flints, many of which were collected by Colonel Feilden during
the visit of the British Association (1905), lie seattered over the
surface. The trees in this area (Pl. 17. fig. 2) are markedly
smaller; Peucedanum fraxinifolium and a Balsamodendron Sp.
predominate, with Ximenia caffra, a gregarious Vellozia sp., and
Myrothamnus flabellifolia as undershrubs. A Commiphora Sp.
with white papery bark and an Albizzia sp. with shining grey
bark, with Euphorbia Reinhardti, were most conspicuous on
the face of the cliff, down to the river, 400 ft. below; the two
former, pencilled out against the dark basalt as the sun's rays
caught their light bark, and the dark green heads of the latter,
emphasized by the general bareness. On the edge of these
cliffs Selaginella imbricata formed a dense carpet in many
places, of course dormant (inrolled) in the drought condition.

Eugenia guineensis * Formation.
This would include the immediate banks of the Zambesi
River above the Falls, which is here about a mile broad, and
the many green islands which dot its surface, both the one

* I am indebted to Mr. C. F. Allen for this determination, as this species
was not in flower or fruit at the time of my visit.

486 MISS L. S. GIBBS ON THE

and the other being outlined by the above evergreen species,
causing that uninterrupted green line along the banks so
conspicuous during the dry season, in comparison with the
leafless veld. Tke Eugenia is accompanied by a fringe of
Phragmites, in which Saliv sp., zEschynomene cristata, Sesamum
Baumii, Alternanthera sessilis, Commelina nudiflora, Vigna
luteola var. villosa, Asystasia coromandeliana, and Nephrodium
unitum occurred. Clumps of Papyrus and the splendid grass
Erianthus teretifolius break the Phragmites ring in places.
Succeeding the Eugenia, the commonest species comprised young
trees of the evergreen Garcinia Livingstoni with their long
candelabra-like branches, Avgelia pinnata, Trichilia emetica,
Croton barotsensis, and Ficus sp. with Crotalaria flavi-
carinata, Byrsocarpus coccineus var. parviflorus, and Phyll-
anthus reticulatus as undershrubs; the trees being covered with
a dense growth of lianes, of which the commonest were Tiliacora
Junifera, Paullinia pinnata, Hippocratea obtusifolia, Jasminum
mauritianum, Abrus precatorius, and the semi-scandent Capparis
tomentosa. Erlangea Schinzii was a common annual, and
Phenix reclinata and a Hyphene sp. were abundant, attaining
a great height on some of the larger islands.

On the smaller islands there was little or no tree-growth, and
beyond the usual fringe of Phragmites, a mass of vegetation
consisting of Walafrida chongweensis, Hebenstreitia Holubii,
Pollichia campestris, Pavonia hirsuta,and Momordica Balsamina
formed a dense growth over the sandy soil.

On the exmerged rocks, which are covered when the river is in
flood, the perennial form of Denekia capensis with Floscopa
glomerata and Hemigraphis prunelloides flourished ; also Rham-
phicarpa tubulosa, where more soil had accumulated. Of water-
plants the Podostemacee were represented by three species—
the dead remains of a Spherothylav sp. on all exposed surfaces,
while in shallow areas Tristichia alternifolia, in flower and fruit,
covered rocks and stones, and Tristichia trifaria from the
extreme edge of cataract were growing under water. Vallisneria
spiralis grew densely where the rocks shelved into deeper waters,
the female flowers forming conspicuous floating green masses,
where the plant could be no longer seen. Potamogeton natans
and Hydrilla verticillata were very common and the only pond-
weeds seen, and floating masses of Jussieua sp. occurred near the

banks.

BOTANY OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA. 487

The Bugenia cordata Formation.

The extreme edge of the cataract is only aecessible from
Livingstone Island. As the river goes down, pools of stagnant
water are left on the rocks of the Island and a bog type of
vegetation results. The little terrestrial annuals Utrieularia
Kirkii and U. firmula, and the aquatic U. exoleta, Ericaulon
subulatum, Canscora Kirkti, Xyris multicaulis, with Denekia
capensis, Floscopa glomerata, and Hemigraphis prunelloides
cover the rocks. Overhanging the very edge of the cataract,
Hygrophila cataracte with Pycreus Mundtii, Scirpus paludicola,
Cyperus Haspan var. B. americana form dense grass-masses,
and young Eugenia cordata in every stage of growth seem
to be gaining ground. ‘These latter show at intervals all
along the face of the Falls. On the opposite side of the
cataract-gorge is the so-called Rain Forest, the dominant type
of which is Eugenia cordata (Pl. 17); but it does not occur on
the edge of the cliff, as on the cataract side, a fringe of what
we might eall bog intervening, and this bog-fringe widens con-
siderably towards Dauger Point, where the spray falls thickest
when the river is in flood. In this area the soilis very thin,
and the spray condensing on the surface does not drain off; the
same plants occur as on Livingstone Island, aud we get also
Nesea floribunda, Rotala longistyla, Fuirena Œdipus, and a
dense tangled growth of Pollinia villosa with the sedges given
above. This bog-area is succeeded by the more or less straight
line of the Eugenia cordata fringe, which thins out to a single
tree in the direction of Danger Point. Most of these Eugenias
are very old, with prostrate trunks, and this is also the case
with many of the figs. The other Rain Forest trees, lianes, and
shrubs seem to be more or less the same as those observed on
the upper banks of river and islands, as far as could be seen at
this season. In the only two places where the trees of the Rain
Forest come to the edge of the cliff they follow two little streams,
but in each case the branches do not overhang, but are clipped
vertically, absolutely parallel with the face of the cliff. Professor
Penck, of Berlin, gave me what appears to be the only possible
explanation of this phenomenon, which is, that the enormous
mass of water falling over the opposite cliff, 400 feet deep, carri:
down with it a very large volume of air, which, rushing up the
opposite face, effectively prevents any vegetative overgrowth.

LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII. 2N

488 MISS L. 8. GIBBS ON THE

As is shown in the photograph, the face of the cliff is bare.
This holds for the whole length of the Falls, except in one or
two places not so exposed, where small patches of grass have
obtained a footing. In the Rain Forest, under the trees, there
are few undershrubs, but the ground is thickly carpeted with
ereeping plants, the following species being dominant in Sep-
tember :— Eleocharis capitata, Hemigraphis prunelloides, Cyperus
Haspan var. B. americana, Scirpus paludicola, Oplismenus sp.,
Achyranthes aspera, Dyschoriste Perrottetii, and the ubiquitous
Floscopa glomerata; of ferns, Nephrodium molle, Pteris quadri-
aurita, Cheilanthes farinosa, Nephrolepis exaltata, Adiantum
Capillus- Veneris, and A. Oatesii were plentiful, with the epi-
phyte Nephrolepis cordifolia growing round the trunks of trees,
and Psilotum triquetrum amongst a dense growth of pleurocarpous
mosses towards the base. Where the Rain Forest ceases,
beyond the reach of the spray on the east side, we find dense
masses of young Phænis reclinata, which is only scattered on
the cataract side, with Phaylopsis longifolia beneath. Vernonia
senegalensis and tall Andropogons lead on to the usual tree-veld,
which constitutes the east and major part of the first zigzag, the
Rain- Forest fringe facing the cataract on the west.

It should be stated that the species enumerated in the body of
this paper are only those collected or seen in flower or fruit at
the most inauspicious season of the year, and as my visit was of
only two weeks' duration, I speak with the greatest reserve on
the one or two points which most impressed me.

Maroro Hairzs.
[Lhe numbers in brackets refer to the works cited in the
bibliography at the end of the paper.]

The Matopo Hills run in a north-eastern direction, about
30 miles south of Bulawayo, extending over an area about
30 miles broad and over 100 long. They are not a range of
hills 1n the ordinary sense of the term, but consist of bosses of
eruptive granite, which, varyiug in height and in every stage
of disintegration, form innumerable kopjes massed one against
the other, wooded to the top with or without intervening strips
of veld *. The level of the veld varies from 4500 to 5000 feet in
the north-eastern direction ; the average height of the kopjes is
from 100 to 150 feet, but tcwards the south they are higher.

* I am indebted to Mr. Mennell for these altitudes.

BOTANY OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA. 489

Silozi, which is the highest of them all, forms an unbroken
boss of granite rising on the south-western limit of the hills
bordering the so-called * Mopane country." It seems to
dominate the whole range, though it can itself hardly be more
than 800 feet above the level of the veld. The whole region 1s
in the basin of the Crocodile River, several tributaries of which,
flowing through the Hills, are fed by innumerable streams,
which either flow over rocky beds or have cut deep gorges
through the granite; on passing through the sandy veld they are
reduced to deep pools in the dry season, the water pereolating
underground, forming so-called “ sand-rivers.” The North-
eastern region is very much better watered than about the
Rhodes Estate, which is more to the west, resulting in a finer
growth of trees; and there, in the wider valleys, large bog-areas
occur, or so-called vleis, which, I was told, are more or less under
water during and after the rains. The limits of these areas
were well defined by the pretty blue flowers of Lobelia decipiens ;
Xyris capensis, Pepalanthus Wahlbergii, Eriocaulon matopense,
the terrestrial Utricularia transrugosa, with its showy mauve
flowers, and in October the leafless spikes of Gladiolus Melleri,
with flowers of a terra-cotta red, were scattered and general.
The latter may also be said of Senecio tenellulus, S. erubescens,
and Gerbera piloselloides, which were limited to the vleis.
Utricularia Welwitschii and Genlisea africana were more local,
also Lycopodium carolinianum. Where the edge of this vlei
ground drained over a granite surface, it would be gay with the
yellow Utricularia exoleta and the most minute U. Jirmula,
Hypericum Lalandii, and the mauve heads of Denekia capensis
and Lobelia minutidentata. It is in these bog-areas that most
of the choicest bulbs come up as the rains commence.

The veld is the same typical tree-veld, which appears to be
the vegetative type for the whole country, broken here in many
places, especially in the valleys, by so-called “old Kaffir lands,”
where the ground was formerly under cultivation. The Kaffirs
are continually moving their kraals, as the ground in the vicinity
becomes exhausted; their “ gardens” can be seen all through
the Hills under present cultivation, in some places covering
large areas, by streams, and even up in the kopjes where there
is sufficient space. The land is dug and some crops are sown
at the end of the dry season. The trees are generally lopped,
the natives not troubling to cut them down, and this practice,

2x2

490 MISS L. 8. GIBBS ON THE

continued fora few years, possibly weakens growth too much to
resist the attacks of white ants, which consume all vegetable
remains in tbe shape of dead and decaying wood, covering
objeets first with their channels of red earth, whieh conserve
the shape of everything attacked, until on a touch it all crumbles
into dust. The annual occurring veld fires effectively sweep off
any secondary tree-growth, so these areas remain bare, generally
distinguished by the occurrence of smaller and finer grass species.
Many of the very widely distributed plants seem chiefly limited
to land under past or present cultivation, like Ceratotheca triloba,
Phyllanthus Niruri, Mahernia abyssinica, and Blumea gariepina.

The soil of the veld is generally sandy, composed of dis-
integrated granite, and the plants typically limited to it are
characterized by certain trends of development. There is the
prostrate type of herbaceous plant, with a dense mat of branches,
which might almost be described as running dorsiventrally along
the ground, not rooting at the nodes, radiating equally all round
from a common rootstock, such as Tephrosia radicans, T. lupini-
folia, Hermannia brachypetala, Bergia decumbens, Pretrea
zanguebarica; or dwarf shrubs, like Anthospermum ciliare,
Helichrysum ericefolium, H. leptolepis, Hermannia viscosa,
H. depressa, Sida longipes, and Polygala rigens; small erect
perennials, such as Vahlia capensis, Lasiosiphon Kraussit,
Acalypha zambesica and A. peduncularis, Vernonia Kraussii,
Epaltes gariepina, Euphorbia benguellensis, Monsonia Burkeana,
Dicliptera Melleri, and many Leguminose ; also Ocimum obo-
vatum and Rhamphicarpa montana with decumbent branches.
Then we get those interesting veld types which hurry to get
their flowering over before the rains begin, such as Anona
senegalensis, Odina edulis, and Canthium abbreviatum. These
have flowers in the axils of the lower leaves only, the upper
leaves being aggregated towards the apex of the shoots, unfolding
as the latter elongates, whereas Triumfetta Welwitschii, Tricho-
desma physaloides, and Senecio lasiorhizus send up their flowering-
shoots first, the two former subsequently developing vegetative
shoots, while the latter produces large radical leaves, of which
I only saw last season's remains. Pharnacium Zeyheri, Heli-
chrysum argyrospherum, and Lightfootia tenuifolia were the
only veld annuals seen. Ot bulbs, Hypowis villosa is the first
to show its bright yellow blossoms ; Albuca caudata, Scilla lancee-
folia, and Buphane disticha, all flowering before the leaves, were

BOTANY OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA. 491

common. These plants all come up after the veld fires. Of
succulent plants there were very few. A Stapelia sp. in fruit only
(now doing well in the Chelsea Physic Garden) formed patches
by granite rocks; one or two Kalanchoe in fruit, a gregarious
stemless Aloe, and in one loeality a Crassula sp. were the only
representatives seen, unless we include Justicia elegantula, on
the strength of its fleshy underground radical leaves.

In the kopjes where the soil is a very rich black humus, from
the decayed leaves which aggregate between the rock-fissures
and crevices, the growth of trees is sometimes finer, and
many trees seem limited to these areas. The fires run up the
kopjes every year, as systematically as over the veld, but the
enormous boulders the granite breaks up into afford a certain
protection, and so allow the growth of some handsome symmetrical
trees.

Large areas of bare lichen-covered granite occur, interspersed
by a network of cracks, and in these Elephantorrhiza Burkü,
Asclepias tenuifolia, a Vellozia sp., and Sarcostemma viminale
run for some distance; JMyrothamnus flabellifolia, with the
Vellozia, also favours shallow pans in the granite, and Selaginella
rupestris spreads in white masses at this season, wherever it
finds any holding, possibly succeeding the lichens as a soil-
producer. A very characteristic kopje type, gregarious, is the
tree Euphorbia angularis (Pl. 19), often associated with an arbor-
escent Aloe; the only other tree-form, Æ. Reinhardtii, occurring
always scattered, on both veld and kopjes. Of plants not
collected, Pteris longifolia and Osmunda regalis are very general
on the banks of streams, the latter forming large patches in
shallow standing water; Jasminum stenolobum, a veld plant, is
common, sending up single branches, not a metre long, covered
with flowers and leaves, and was found associated with Clero-
dendron myricoides, of similar habit.

Terminalia sericea is one of the dominant veld trees, and a
Strychnos sp. (Kaffir orange), with round gourd-like fruit and
an edible pulp of Medlar consistency, much affected by baboons,
is most conspicuous while the fruit is still hanging on the trees,
on veld and kopjes.

In considering this type of Plant Association, two salient
facts stand out.

Firstly, the absence of gregariousness, or the dominance over
a certain area of any one species. Two exceptions to this rule

492 MISS L. 8. GIBBS ON THE

were Protea abyssinica, on the “Sand veld” near Fort Usher,
and a Brachystegia sp. which clothed the slopes, 500 feet deep,
ofa remote valley. At the time of my visit, the latter was a
lovely sight, just unfolding the young spring foliage of a tender
red hue. Old fruit still hung on the trees, which decided the
genus, but locally, I believe, it is called the ‘Mountain
Acacia." The trees were very fine, with tall straight trunks,
averaging about 80 em. in diameter at a height of 1:5 metres.
Afzelia cuanzensis (Pl. 20) generally occurs in groups, and the
handsome evergreen Parinarium Mobola is often seen, two or
three together, also Pterocarpus angolensis and Faurea saligna
(Pl. 18). The same remarks hold for the veld plants, with the
exception of Trichodesma physaloides, but with vlei plants and
those occurring near streams it does not appear to be so marked.

Secondly, the way each plant seems to respond to its individual
needs, as dictated by environment, in the throwing-off of the
old and the growth of new leaves and also the flowering period.
I saw groups of Afzelia cuanzensis in full leaf and flower, when
others would be still quite bare. Moschosma riparium flowered
without or with the young leaves according to situation, also
Turrea Randii, Tricalysia jasminiflora, Hexalobus senegalensis,
and Brachylena rhodesiana were similarly influenced, flowering
with or after throwing off the old leaves. Ficus lutea by a
stream would be in the full flush of its young red spring foliage,
whereas up a kopje it would still be covered with last year’s
leaves, and perhaps in another situation only the bare branches
would be visible, with all the leaves or the ground below.
Both these above facts make for a sort of uniformity of effect,
and though the individual species, if isolated, would be most
striking in flower or foliage, as it is they are lost in the
heterogeneous mass.

From this point of view, it is a matter for regret that local
effort, instead of constantly striving to introduce foreign and
often unsuitable species, does not try to give the native plants
fullseope. The results would be of real botanical interest, and
perhaps not only lead to less uniformity of surrounding vege-
tation, but might awaken some interest amongst those who have
made Rhodesia their home in the many very lovely types with
which nature has favoured their country.

Here, again, I should like to repeat that the above remarks are
made with all reserve, and only refer to the months of August,

BOTANY OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA. 493

September, and October, when I was in the country. With
regard to the habitats, I have given them as I found them, but
many plants which only flower near water under drought
conditions may be general when those cease.

In conclusion, L must express my great indebtedness to the
unvarying interest, help, and kindness received from the Staff of
the Herbarium, Royal Botanie Gardens, Kew, and of the British
Museum, where I worked out my collection, especially to Mr. E.
G. Baker, Mr. Spencer Moore, Dr. Stapf, Mr. C. B. Clarke, and
Mr. J. G. Baker, also to Dr. Rendle, to Mr. Henry Groves, Miss
Lorrain Smith, Mr. Arthur Bennett, and to Professor Farmer;
io Dr. Harry Bolus of Cape Town, and to Mr. M. Jackson,
Mr. P. Fuller, Mr. H.Steigewald, and Mr. C. E. F. Allen in Rhodesia,
for their kindness in affording facilities for botanical work.

Duplieates of nearly all the above plants are in the British
Museum and at Dr. Bolus's Herbarium at Cape Town.

Principat BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR SOUTHERN RHODESIA.

(1) Rorre, R. A.—Matabeleland and the Victoria Falls. By
F. A. Oates, Ed. 2, 1889, App. V. pp. 390-413.
(2) Ranp, R. F.— Wayfaring Notes in Rhodesia. Journ. Bot.
xxxvi. (1898) p. 141, and xxxvii. (1899) p. 204.
(3) Bakkn, E. G.—Rhodesian Polypetale. Journ. Bot. 1889,
p. 422.
(4) Moore, S.—Dr. Rand's Rhodesian Labiate and Serophu-
lariaceze. Journ, Bot. xxxviii. (1900) p. 463.
(5) Plante Pentherianeæ. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, 1900, Bd. xv.
pt. 1; 1903, Bd. xviii. pt. 2; 1905, Bd. xx. pt. 2.
(6) Huronurss, D. E.—Report to the Rhodes Trustees on the
Matopo Park. Cape Town, 1903.
(7) MEeNNELL, H. Some aspects of the Matopos. Proc.
Rhodesian Sel. Assoc. iv. (1904) pp. 72-76, pls. 7-10.
(8) Martror, R.—Notes on the Vegetation of Southern
Rhodesia. Report S. A. Assoc. Adv. Science, 1904,
p- 300.
(9) Moonz, S., & A. B. RENpbrr.—Journ. Bot. 1905.
(10) Baker, E. J., S. |Moong, & A. B. RgNprE.—Mr. Eyles's
Rhodesian Plants. Journ. Bot. 1905, p. 45.
(11) Borus, H.—Sketch of the Fl. Reg. of South Africa.
Seience in South Afriea, 1905, p. 11.

494.

BOTANY OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA.

(12) Davy, J. Bunrr.—Comparative Notes on the Vegetation

of Matabeleland, Betchuanaland, and the Transvaal.
Transv. Agric. Journ. 1905, p. 134.

(13) Bnowx, N. E.— The Plants of the Hon. Mrs. Evelyn Cecil,

Fig. 1.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 5.

6.

Fig. 7.

in the Kew Bulletin, 1906, p. 99.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES 17-20.
Prats 17,

Eugenia cordata and Ficus sp., clipped where Rain Forest reaches edge
of cliff. Vegetation at Victoria Falls.

. Balsamodendron sp., with Selaginella imbricata carpeting. Vegetation

of veld, on edge of Lower Zambesi gorge.

Puare 18.

Parinarium Mobola and Faurea saligna. (left), showing burnt veld in
foreground. Vegetation of Matopo Hills.

. Young Parinarium Mobola, with Andropogon sp. in foreground.

Combretum sp. (right), before burning. Vegetation of Matopo Hills.

Puare 19.

Unknown tree in foreground, looking over veld and kopjes, with old
Kaffir land to the left. Vegetation of Matopo Hills.

Euphorbia angularis, with young plants of same in foreground.
Commiphora sp. and Myrothamnus flabellifolia. Vegetation of kopjes,
Matopo Hills.

Prate 20.

Viscum verrucosum on Ficus sp. Vegetation on kopjes, Matopo Hills.

. Afzelia cuanzensis, in flower. Andropogon sp. in foreground. Terminalia

silozensis in distance. Vegetation of Matopo Hills.

GIBBS, LINN. SOC. JOURN., BoT. VoL. XXXVII. PL. 17.

t

Fic. 2.

BOTANY OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA.

GIBBS. LINN. SOC JOURN., Bor. VoL. XXXVII. PL. 18.

—— Ll

BOTANY OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA,

GIBBS. LINN. Soc. JOURN., Bor. VoL. XXXVII. PL. 19.

BOTANY OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA.

GIBBS, LINN. SOC. JOURN., BOT. VOL. XXXVII. PL. 20.

Frc. S.

BOTANY OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA.

PLANTA NOVJE DAWEANJE IN UGANDA LECT. 495

Plante Nove Daweans in Uganda lecte. By Orro S™ rF,
Ph.D. F.L.S. In collaboration with T. A. Seradte, B.Sc.,
F.L.S., R. A. Rout, A.L.S., C. B. CLARKE, M.A., F.R.S.,
F.L.S., M. T. Dawe, and C. H. Wziaur, A.L.S.; and with
an Appendix by M. T. Dawe.

(Prates 21 & 22; and Mar.)
[Read 21st June, 1906.]

INTRODUCTION.

EanLy in April of last year Mr. M. T. Dawe, Officer in Charge
of the Forestry and Scientifie Department of the Uganda
Protectorate, started with tbe sanction of the then Acting
Commissioner for Uganda, Mr. George Wilson, from his head-
quarters at Entebbe, on an expedition through Buddu and the
Western and Nile Provinees of the Uganda Protectorate. The
objeet of the expedition was in the first place the exploration of
the forests of the districts mentioned, and secondly a general
botanical survey of the country traversed. After an arduous
and extremely successful journey, Mr. Dawe arrived at Gondo-
koro late in November of the same year, when his mission came
to an end and he went home on leave. A complete set of his
collections had meanwhile in several instalments reached Kew
via Entebbe. They were taken in hand as they arrived, aud
with his active assistance it was possible to supply him early in
the present year with a list of the names of the plants collected
by him.

An account of his expedition, including an enumeration of the
plants of his collections, was published as a Blue Paper last April
under the title * Report on a Botanical Mission through the
Forest Districts of Buddu and the Western and Nile Provinces
of the Uganda Protectorate " (London, H.M. Stationery Office;
Cd. 2904), pp. 1-63, and 5 plates. As it was desirable that the
report should be published without delay, it was not possible to
work out the descriptions of the numerous new species in time
to be included in the report. Thus a considerable number of
“ nomina nuda” found their way into it, and it is the object of
the present paper to supplement the report in that respect by
adding the necessary technical descriptions.

As Mr. Dawe's official report may not be generally accessible,

496 DR. O. STAPF—PLANTE NOVA

I suggested to him that it would be useful to have a condensed
account of the principal features of the vegetation of the districts
visited. He was good enough to supply me with what is really
a summary of the botanieal contents of his report, with some
additional information on the climatic conditions and the general
nature of the country. He also added asketch-map to illustrate
the route of the tour, the location of the districts, and the
distribution of forest and open land.

I propose to add Mr. Dawe's contribution as an appendix to
our joint paper. I would fain have introduced a more definite
ecological terminology similar to that used by Professor Engler
in his valuable contributions on the plant geography of Tropical,
and particularly of East Africa, so as to facilitate comparison.
Ifound, however, I could not do it without a greater loss of time
than I could afford, or the risk of misrepresenting Mr. Dawe’s
statements, and confined myself therefore to a few purely
editorial alterations. I would, however, observe that a uniform
and classified terminology is as desirable for the description of
the vegetation of a country as it is necessary, for instance, for
that of morphological objects, although, of course, it can never
claim the same degree of precision owing to the complication
and diversity of the conditions which determine the character of
a vegetation.

I may be allowed to add a few words of appreciation of the
scientific results of Mr. Dawe's expedition. They consist, firstly,
in the addition to science of a considerable number of new types.
They are by no means exhausted in the present paper, which, as
I have explained, is mainly intended to give a locus standi to
the new names introduced into the report. Others which are
not specially mentioned because they were not of sufficient
importance for the purposes of the report, or would have required
too extensive researches, will follow as time permits and occasion
arises. Then there are a great many species which, although
already known, are new to the provinces visited by Mr. Dawe.
As to them I must refer to the enumeration in the official report.
Of equal value is Mr. Dawe's attempt at a more precise cireum-
scription of the forest areas in the Equatorial Lake Region aud
their analysis. In both respects our knowledge was so far of
the most general character. That part of his work is particularly
interesting in regard to the West African element present, a
factor the importance of which in its bearing on the history of

DAWEANJE IN UGANDA LECT. 497

the African Continent has already been pointed out twelve years
ago by Dr. Stuhlmann in his suggestive summary in the conclud-
ing chapter of his work ‘ With Emin Pasha in the Heart of
Africa. Thus far Mr. Dawe's account also supplements the
survey work of the botanist of the Anglo-German Boundary
Commission, the results of which were issued in no. 259 of
the Journal of this Society last year. It was indeed very tempt-
ing to folow up by means of Mr. Dawe's collections the
question of the extent and character of the West African Hylea
element in the heart of Atrica, or that of the remarkably
mixed highland flora of Mt. Ruwenzori; but this would have
required an extensive revision of all the material available from
that region, and thus widened the scope of this paper far beyond
reasonable limits.

My own and my collaborators’ shares in the descriptive part of
the paper are evident from the authors’ names after those of the
species ; but I ought to mention that a not inconsiderable part
of the preliminary work of comparing Mr. Dawe's collection
was done by Mr. J. Hutchinson, temporary Assistant at Kew.

VIOLACER.

Alsodeia Dawei, Sprague, sp. nov.; ab affini A. longicuspide,
Engl., ovario glabro recedit.

Frutex ramulis gracilibus, junioribus patenter pubescentibus
mox glabrescentibus. Folia alterna, petiolo 1-4 cm. longo,
patenter pubescente, supra canaliculato, lamina obovato-ob-
lanceolata, 9-16 em. longa, 3-6°5 em. lata, grossiuscule obtuse
serrata, apice longiuscule acute acuminata, basi obtuse cuneata,
utrinque minute crebre reticulata, rete supra inconspicuo, subtus
magis obvio, vena media et lateralibus (utrinque 8-11) supra
prominulis subtus prominentibus, vena media subtus + pubes-
cente, lamina ceterum glabra. Panicule iis A. longicuspidis
conformes, rhachi puberula, demum glabrata, braeteis deltoideis
obtusissimis, 2 mm. longis, basi 2 inm. latis, minute nigro-apicu-
latis, margine ciliatis, extra medio pilosis, ceterum glabris,
pedicellis 4 mm. longis, sparse pubescentibus. Sepala late
elliptiea vel ovato-elliptiea, ciliata, extra sparse, intus breviter
minute appresse pubescentia, 4-45 mm. longa, 3-3:5 mm. lata.
Petala spathulato-oblonga, 6-7 mm. longa, 2:5 mm. lata, apice
rotundata, infra medium ciliata, intus triente superiore glabra,

498 DR. O. STAPF—PLANTJE NOVE

ceterum basi excepta pubescentia, extra infra medium versus
margines pubescentia cæterum glabra. Tubus staminalis trun-
catus, integer, 1:25 mm. longus, utrinque glaber, connectivo
supra loeulos extrorse producto, toto 3:5 mm. longo, loeulis
utrinque pilosis, interioribus 2 mm. longis, exterioribus 1'25-
l'5 mm. longis, appendice membranaceo, ovato, obtuso, integro,
ciliato, vix ‘5 mm. longo. Ovarium ovoideum, 3 mm. longum,
2 mm. diametro, glabrum, stylo circa 3 mm. longo. Capsula
ovoidea, 1-1:3 mm. longa.
Toro: Kibale Forest, 1500 m., Dawe, 516.

CANELLACEX.

Warburgia ugandensis, Sprague, sp. nov. ; a W. Stuhlmannii,
Engl., petalis longioribus, stigmate subeapitato, ovulis numerosi-
oribus placentis biseriatim affixis recedit. (Pl. 21.)

Arbor usque 27 m. alta, 3-4 m. ambitu. Ramuli teretes,
3:5 mm. diametro, cortice striato ruguloso lenticelloso fulvo-
cinereo glabro; gemma terminalis acute subulata, usque ad
3°5 em. longa. Folia breviter petiolata; lamina oblanceolata,
apice breviter obtuse acuminata, basi in petiolum anguste alatum,
0:5-1 cm. longum, attenuata, 5-12 em. longa, 1:5-3 em. lata,
integra, dense pellucido-punctata, margine reflexo, supra nitidula
venis leviter prominulis, subtus pallidior venis inconspieuis, rete
venularum satis denso, costa prominente brunnea. Cyme axil-
lares, simplices, usque ad 4-flore ; pedicelli basi articulati, circa
15 mm. longi. Sepala 3, imbricata, transverse elliptica, 2 mm.
longa, 3-3°5 mm. lata, minute ciliata. Petala exteriora 5,
elliptico-oblonga, rotundata, concava, 5 mm. longa, 2:5-3:5 mm.
lata (explanata), intus subarachnoideo-pubescentia vel glabri-
uscula. Petala interiora superne induplieato-valvata, 5, oblonga,
apice rotundata, basin versus paullo angustata, 4 mm. longa,
circa 1'5 mm. lata, glabra. Tubus staminalis vix 5 mm. longus,
apice decemerenulatus; anthere circa 3 mm. supra basin tubi
site, circa 2 mm. longer. Ovarium oblongo-ovoideum, 3:5 mm.
longum, 1-1:5 mm. diametro, glabrum; stigma subsessile, sub-
capitatum, angulatum, inferne mucilagineo-pilosum ; placent 5,
parietales, pluriovulatz, ovulis irregulariter biseriatis. Bacca
subglobosa, obtuse apiculata, 3:5-4 cm. diametro, periearpio
coriaceo. Semina numerosa, in pulpa carnosa nidulantia, sub-
reniformia, vix ultra 1 em. longa, eirca 7 mm. lata; endospermium

DAWEANJE IN UGANDA LECT. 499

copiosum carnosum; embryo in semicirculum curvatus, circa
peripheriam seminis situs, 1 em. longus vel ultra, radicula cylin-
drica quam cotyledone longiore et crassiore ; cotyledones paullo
inequales, plano-convexe, apicem versus sensim angustate.

Toro: Kibale Forest, 1300 m., Dawe, 510. Native name,
* Masuko."

W. ugandensis appeared in Mr. Dawe's Report under the
provisional name Dawea ugandensis, Sprague (gen. nov. Bix-
acearum). Further examination has proved it to be one
of the Canellacez, and although it differs from Engler’s and
Warburg' descriptions of Warburgia in having the ovules
biseriately arranged on the placente and in the subeapitate
stigma, it seems desirable to refer it for the present to that
genus.—7T. A. 8.

Mr. L. A. Boodle, F.L.S., has kindly supplied the following
account of the anatomy of W. ugandensis.

An examination of the structure of this species gave the
following results. Seeretory cells are present in the palisade
and spongy tissue of the leaf, in the petiole, and in the cortex,
phloem, and pith of the stem. In the wood there are vessels
with long scalariform perforations, narrow medullary rays (1-2
cells broad), and wood-prosenchyma with very distinet bordered
pits. The periderm is superficial, and the cork-cells have thin
walls. The medullary rays in the phloem inerease in breadth
from within outwards. The petiole contains three vascular
bundles.

In all these features the anatomy agrees with that of the
American genera of Canellacew, as summarised by Solereder
(Syst. Anat. Dicot. p. 97), and according to Engler (Pflanzenw.
Ost-Afr. C. 276) a similar structural agreement is shown by
Warburgia Stuhlmannii, Engl. It is specially interesting that
there should be such a close similarity in structure between the
American and African genera of this Order. Regarding one
feature in W. ugandensis, Sprague, I cannot speak definitely ;
thickening of the inner walls in the phelloderm had only begun
in a few cells, hence it would be necessary to examine older
specimens of the stem, to determine whether the phelloderm
subsequently assumes the structure typical of the Order.—
L. A. B.

500 DR. O. STAPF—PLANTAÀ NOVE

FLACOURTIACER.

Rawsonia ugandensis, Dawe et Sprague, sp. nov.; ramulis
novellis et spicis tomellis, foliis argute spinuloso-serratis abrupte
acuminatis a ceteris speciebus distinguitur.

Frutex vel arbor parva, ramulis cinereo-fuscis, 8-4 mm.
diametro, novellis dense brunneo-tomentellis. — Pefioli 5-10 mm.
longi, supra valde sulcati, juventute tomentelli, demum glabres-
centes. Lamina obovato-oblonga vel oblonga, longe satis abrupte
acute acuminata, aeumine 1-2 em. longo, basi obtuse cuneata,
8-14 cm. longa, 3-6 em. lata, spinuloso-serrata, rigide coriacea,
glabra, subnitidula, venis et venulis supra prominulis subtus
prominentibus, reticulatione densa manifesta; vens laterales
utrinque 9-10, ascendentes. Spice axillares, 5-10-flore, 1:5-
2 em. long ; rhachis leviter flexuosa, brunneo-tomentella. Flores
exstantes hermaphroditi. Tepala circa 10, dense ciliata, cæterum
glabra, exteriora minima orbicularia, interiora sensim majora,
minus coriacea, intima elliptica cirea 7 mm. longa et 4 mm. lata
(explanata), superne tantum ciliata. Squame petaloidee (sensu
Harvey et Warburg) 5, elliptico-oblongz, minute ciliate, 6-7 mm.
longz, 3-35 mm. late (explanatze), basi interne appendice adnata
elliptica 2-3 mm. longa 1-2 mm. lata densissime pilosa.
Stamina circa 20; filamenta 5-6 mm. longa, glabra; anthere
oblonge, 2 mm. longs, minute apiculate, basi subsagittate.
Ovarium ovoideum, placentis parietalibus 3 rarius 4, ovulis
numerosis; stigma sessile, tripartitum, ramis patentibus, rarius
quadripartitum. Fructus immaturi ovoidei, 6-7 mm. longi,
infra stigma in collum circa 1 mm. longum angustati, stigmatis
ramis vix 2 mm. longis.

Bugoma Forest, 1100 m., Dawe, 946.

MALVACE.

Bombax reflexum, Sprague, sp. nov.; a B. buonopozensi,
Beauv., cui affine, floribus majoribus, calyce extra pubes-
cente, petalis intus dense pubescentibus, stigmatibus reflexis
recedit.

Arbor 27-80 m. alta, 1-3 m. diametro, statu juvenili ( Wel-
witsch) vel etiam adulto (Dawe) aculeata. Ramuli 05-1 em.
diametro, cortice mox rugoso. Folia 5-7-foliolata, glabra;
petiolus 10-25 em. longus, semiteres, profunde sulcatus; foliola
subsessilia vel breviter petiolulata, petiolulis anguste alatis

DAWEAN# IN UGANDA LECT FK. 501

5-10 mm. longis, oblanceolata, breviter acuminata, 6-16 cm.
longa, 2°5-5'5 em. lata, chartacea vel tenuiter coriacea, venis
lateralibus utrinque 13-20 patulis, prope marginem arcuatim
anastomosantibus, supra ut costa prominulis, subtus paullo magis
prominentibus, costa prominente. Calyx cupularis, 1-1:5 em.
altus (explanatus 3-3:5 cm. diametro), extra rugosus, pilis stel-
latis bruuneo-pubescens vel inferne tomentellus, intus longe
dense simpliciter sericeo-villosus. Petala oblonga, apice rotun-
data,in basin paullo angustata, 6-8 em. longa, 3-4 em. lata,
extra minute velutino-tomentosa, intus dense pubescentia vel
subtomentosa. Staminum phalanges 5, filamentis circa 7 mm.
connatis, inde cirea 3 cm. liberis, conspicue patenter pilosis
presertim inferne. Ovarium haud visum; stylus circa 4 cm.
longus, stigmatibus cirea 5 mm. longis valde reflexis.— B. buono-
pozensis, Hiern, Cat. Welw. Afr. Pl. i. 80, non Beauv.

Uaanpa: Semliki Valley, 900 m., Dawe, 646.

ANGOLA: Golungo Alto, Capopa, Welwitsch, 5412, 5413.

STERCULIACES.

Dombeya Dawei, Sprague, sp. nov. (§ Eudombeya) ; a D. auri-
culata, K. Schum., eui affinis, petiolis longipilosis, stipulis
angustioribus, tubo staminali multo breviore, ovulis numero-
sioribus recedit.

Frutew 3 m. altus, ramis pallide brunneis, novellis brunneo-
pilosis mox glabrescentibus. Pefiolus semiteres, longipilosus,
4—71:5 cm. longus. Lamina late ovata, acuminata, sepius
+ triloba, basi alte cordata, lobis lateralibus acutis, 9-15 em.
longa, 6°5-12°5 em. lata, supra pilis stellatis inzequalibus pubes-
cens, pubescentia rudi, subtus tomentosa, basi 7- vel sub-9-venia,
venis lateralibus ceteris utrinque 4-5, supra ob indumentum
densius manifestis, subtus ut rete venularum satis prominentibus.
Stipule lanceolate, acute acuminate, basi axin versus paullo
auriculate, 10-13 mm. longe, 2-3 mm. late, puberule. Pedun-
culi axillares, 2°5-6°5 cm. longi, fructiferi usque ad 10cm. longi,
longipilosi ; pedicelli densius vestiti, 2-3 cm. longi. Bracteole
lanceolate acuminate, 13 mm. longee, 3:5 mm. late, membranaces,
utrinque molliter extra densius tomentelle, gemmas superantes.
Sepala lanceolata, 15-17 mm. longa, 3:5—4 mm. lata, extra dense
breviter tomentosa, intus glabra. Petala satis obliqua, 2 em.
longa, 1:5-2 em. lata. Stamina perfecta 15, staminodiis 5 inter

-

502 DR. O. STAPF—PLANT/E NOVA

triades staminum interjectis ; triadis stamen medium lateralibus
brevius; tubus staminalis vix 2 mm. altus; filamenta libera
2-3:5 mm. longa; anthere lineares 3-4 mm. longs ; staminodia
10-13 mm. longa, 0°75 mm. lata. Ovarium 5- vel 7-loculare,
5 mm. diametro, extra dense tomentosum ; stylus communis vix
ultra 4 mm. longus, ultra medium vel usque furcam tomentosus,
ramis loculis isomeris, 6 mm. longis, valde revolutis, externe
glabris; loculi intus stellato-pilosi, usque 9-ovulati. Capsula
10-13 mm. longa, 5-6 mm. diametro transverso, loculis 1-spermis,
ovulis abortivis persistentibus.
Buddu Distriet, on hills, Masaka, Dawe, 10.

Dombeya Mukole, Sprague, sp. nov. (§ Xeropetalum) ; D. um-
braculifere, K. Schum., habitu simillima, pedicellis pilis stellatis
tantum indutis, alabastris rotundatis, sepalis 6—-7-nerviis haud
acuminatis, ovario longe tomentoso ab ea recedit.

Arbor usque ad 20 m. alta. &amuli 3-5 mm. diametro, striato-
rugulosi, purpureo-fusci, puberuli. —Petioli semiteretes, pilis
stellatis caducis pubescentes, 1-4 em. longi. Lamina late ovata,
breviter aeutiuseule acuminata, basi cordata, 5-10 em. longa,
3-7 em. lata, crenato-serrata, supra sublevis minute stellatim
puberula, venis inconspicuis pubescentibus, subtus stellatim
pubescens, venis et rete denso venularum prominentibus, basi
sub-7-venia, venis lateralibus exteris utrinque 4-6. Stipule
lanceolat:,, acuminate, 6-7 mm. longi, 1:5 mm. late, utrinque
dense pubescentes. Pedunculi axillares, 3-6 em. longi, stellato-
pubescentes; pedicelli 05-1 cm. longi, longius et densius
pubescentes; bracteole lineares, 1:5-2 mm. longa, stellato-
pilose, eadueissims. Sepala oblongo-lanceolata, acutiuscula,
45-5 mm. longa, L:2-1:8 mm. lata, extra stellato-tomentella,
intus glabra, 6-7-venia. Petala valde obliqua, 8:5-9 mm. longa,
4-4°5 mm. lata. Stamina perfecta 15, staminodiis 5 inter triades
staminum interjectis; triadis stamen medium lateralibus brevius;
tubus staminalis vix 0'5 mm. longus; filamenta libera 2-3:5 mm.
longa; antherx oblonga, circa 1 mm. longe ; staminodia 6-7 mm.
longa, fere filiformia. Ovarium 3-loculare, depresso-globosum,
l mm. altum, 1:5 mm. diametro (pilis inclusis 1:5 mm. altum,
2 mm. diametro), longe albido-tomentosum ; loculo biovulati ;
stylus 2-2:5 mm. longus, inferne pilosus.

Budongo Forest, Dawe, 531; Mabira Forest, Dawe, 182:
Koki District, Dawe, 394. Native name, * Mukole."

DAWEANJE IN UGANDA LECT.E. 503

TILIACE®. |

Grewia ugandensis, Sprague, sp. nov.

Frutex ramulis fere perfecte teretibus, novellis aspere ferru-
gineo-stellato-tomentellis, senioribus pilorum basibus persistent-
ibus punctatis, leviter undulato-striolatis, ultimis patentibus
vel patulis. Petiolus supra applanatus, 5-10 mm. longus, aspere
tomentellus. Lamina elliptico-ovata vel elliptica, apice breviter
acutiuseule acuminata, basi leviter cordata vel rotundata, 6-11 em.
longa, 3:5-6 em. lata, integra, margine paullo reflexo et subun-
dulato, tenuiter coriacea, supra vix nitidula, viridi-fusca, venis
leviter impressis, venularum rete minutissimo densissimo incon-
spieuo, subtus venis et venulis prominentibus satis dense
reticulata, indumento sordide fulvo-argenteo pilorum minutorum
stellatorum creberrime intertextorum ope lentis validi tantum
visorum; vents basales tres (marginali crenata exclusa), quarum
du laterales ultra medium laminz attingunt; vens laterales
cetere utrinque quatuor areuatim ascendentes in marginalem
transientes. — Znflorescentia terminalis et axillaris; rhachis
angulato-flexuosa, ut pedicelli ferrugineo-tomentella; pedicelli
l-r 5 mm. longi. Sepala 5, induplicato-valvata, spathulato-
cucullata, 5-6 mm. longa, 1:5-2 mm. lata, extra tomentella, intus
pubescentia. Petala 5, late ovata, acute acuminata, vix 2 mm.
longa ungue minuto incluso, intus basi glandulam papillosam
transverse ellipticam circa 05 mm. longam 0°75 mm. latam
gerentia, marginibus extra et aeumine utrinque glabriusculis,
eeterum dense pilosa. Androgynophorum glabrum, 0°75 mm.
longum. Stamina circa 30, intra annulum pilosum inserta;
filamenta glabra, 2:5-3 mm. longa; anthere orbieulari-reni-
formes, vix 0°5 mm. diametro. Ovarium triloculare, globosuin,
1-1:5 mm. diametro, tomentosum, stylo 2-3 mm. longo inferne
piloso esterum glabro, loculis 4-ovulatis, ovulis angulo interno
horizontaliter affixis.

Unyoro, Dawe, 918.

Triumfetta ruwenzoriensis, Sprague; similis T. macrophylle,
K. Schum., à qua staminibus paucioribus et indumento recedit.
Frutex 1-2:5 m. altus. Ramuli obtuse angulati, vix undulati,
circa 5 mm. diametro, minute striolati et stellatim puberuli,
superne stellatim pubescentes. Petioli 2-3:5 em. longi, stellatim
pubescentes, supra canaliculati, pilis longioribus simplicibus
LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL, XXXVII. 20

504 DR, O. STAPF—PLANTE NOV.E

ornati. Lamina ambitu ovata vel sepius suborbieularis, inter-
dum leviter trilobata, 6-8:5 cm. longa, 9-65 em. lata, subacuta,
dupliciter obtuse serrata, basi 5-7-venia, utrinque scabrida,
supra pilis minutis stellatis et paucis longioribus simplicibus
puberula, subtus pubescens (novella subtus tomentella); vens
supra prominule subtus prominentes, laterales utrinque circa 3
(basalibus exceptis); venule supra inconspieum, subtus pro-
minule. Stipule e basi lata arcuato-subulatz, cirea 1 em.
longs, basi 2-2:5 mm. late, stellatim ciliate. Pedunculi 5-7 mm.
longi, dense pubescentes. Flores 4-5 una involucrati, bracteis
subulato-linearibus eirca 4 mm. longis, 075 mm. latis, pedicellis
cirea 38 mm. longis. Sepala 5, linearia, 13:5 mm. longa, supra
medium 1-125 mm. lata, apice cucullata appendiculata, basi per
2 mm, ampliata, dense ciliata, 1:5-2 mm. lata, extra stellatim
pubescentia, intus glabra, appendieula 0*5 mm. louga. Petala 5,
oblongo-lanceolata, rotundata, 10:5-11:5 mm. longa, 275-3 mm.
lata, basi per 1:5 mm. dense ciliata, pilis extra affixis. Andro-
gynophorum 05-0775 mm. longum, glabrum, glandulis transverse
ellipticis circa 0*4 mm. longis, 0'75 mm. latis. Discus extra-
staminalis vix 0°5 mm. altus, dense longiuscule ciliatus. Stamina
10 (-11), alterne ineequalia; filamenta 9-11 mm. longa; anther
1-125 mm. longs. Ovarium depresso-globosum, vix 1 mm.
diametro, 5-loculare ; stylus circa 10 mm. longus, filamenta lon-
giora subequans. Capsula globosa, glabra, corpore 4-5 mm.
diametro, aculeis uncinatis 7-8 mm. longis.

Ruwenzori Mountain, 1800 m., Dawe, 657.

RUTACE. E.
BALSAMOCITRUS, Stapf (gen. nov.).

gle affinis, habitu, foliis crassis, imprimis staminibus paucis
definitis et seminum testa glaberrima distincta.

Flores hermaphroditi. Calyx parvus, 5-partitus, diu per-
sistens. Petala 5, oblonga, imbricata. Stamina 10; filamenta
subulata, antheris sagittatis longiora, disco annulari insidentia.
Ovarium ovoideum, 8-loculare ; stylus brevis, conico-cylindricus,
mox deciduus; stigma inconspicuum, vix suleatum ; ovula in
loculis œ, 2-seriata. Bacca ovoideo-globosa, corticeo ligneo,
8-locularis, loculis polyspermis muco liquido balsameo repletis,
pulpa parca. Semina subellipsoidea, leviter compressa, testa
coriacea, glaberrima; endosperma nullum. Embryo cotyle-
donibus amplis crassis earnosis, radicula minuta.— Arbor inermis,

DAWEANJE£ IN UGANDA LECT. 505

alta. Folia 8-foliata, foliolis crassis eoriaeeis subcrenulatis
pellucido-punctatis. Panicule axillares, breves, floribus parvulis.
Bacca magna.

Species unica.

Balsamocitrus Dawei, Stapf, sp. nov. (Pl. 22.)

Arbor circiter 20 m. alta, glaberrima. Rami crassiuseuli,
exsiceando nigrieantes, junioresfistulosi. Foliola eequalia,ovata vel
elliptico-ovata, obtusiuscula vel subacuminata, basi acuta crenu-
lata, 4-7 em. longa, 3:5-5 em. lata, exsiceando fuscescentia, nigro-
punctata; petioluli laterales 7-10 mm. longi, intermedius ad 15
nm. longus; petiolus communis 2:5-3 em. longus. Panicule 2-4
em. longs, contract: ; bractee minime; pedicelli demum ad 4
mm. longi, erassiusculi. Calyx ad 2 mm. longus, segmentis late
ovatis acutis crassiusculis. Petala alba, 5 mm.longa. Filamenta
2 mm. (vel paulo ultra) longa; anthere vix L'5 mm. longe.
Fructus ad 13 em. longus, 11 cm. latus, cortice 5 mm. crasso.
Semina ad 16 mm. longa, 10 mm. lata, 8 mm, erassa.

Unyoro, Budongo Forest, Dawe, 788.

SIMARUDBACE.E.

Odyendyea longipes, Sprague, sp. nov.; a duabus speciebus
hactenus descriptis petiolulis pluries longioribus recedit.

Arbor 18-21 m. alta. Ramulus unicus exstans sinuosus, sub-
angulatus, cortice fusco striolato. Folia 5-juga, foliolo ter-
minali; petiolus supra late excavatus, 5-7 em. longus, basi
4-5 mm. latus; rhachis internodia L:7-2:5 em. longa; petioluli
supra valde canalieulati, 1-1°5 em. longi; foliola elliptico-oblonga,
apice acutiuscule acuminata, basi obtusa, 5-10 cm. longa,
3:5-4 cm. lata, integra, margine vix undulato levissime reflexo,
rigide coriacea, supra sublevia, subtus minute rugulosa, costa
supra propter colorem fuscum distincta subtus prominente,
venis lateralibus supra ineonspicuis subtus magis obviis, venulis
occultis. Panicula terminalis et axillaris, corymbosa; rhachis
angulata, costata; rami arcuatim ascendentes, paribus ramu-
lorum 3-5 decussatis, vel ramulis alternis; pedicelli quad-
rangulares, leviter sulcati, 3—4 mm. longi. Calyx circa 2:5 mm.
longus ; lobi 5 elliptico-orbiculares, 1:5-2 mm. longi, sepius in
paria usque 1 mm. infra apicem connati. Petala 5 ovato-oblonga
vel oblonga, obtusa, interdum brevissime acuminata, 7 mm.
longa 2°5-3 mm. lata, extra dense minute pubescentia, intus

202

506 DR. O. STAPF—PLANTJE NOVE

dense tomentella. Stamina 10; filamenta 5-6 mm. longa,

intus medio vel infra medium appendice dense villosa; anthers

elliptico-oblonge, 1 mm. longe. Discus subcylindricus, 1 mm.

altus, cirea 1:5 mm. diametro, 10-sulcatus, apice concavus.

Ovarii segmenta 5, 0°75 mm. longa, vix 0'5 mm. lata; styli

ea sub:quantes fere ad apicem connata, inferne dense pilosa.
Toro, 1300 m., Dawe, 458.

Balanites Wilsoniana, Dawe et Sprague, sp. nov.; fructuum
et foliolorum magnitude insignis.

Arbor 19-97 m. alta, cortice viridi-griseo, statu juvenili
spinosa. Rami teretes, nigro-virides, glabri, juniores striati
nitiduli. Folia 2-foliolata; petiolus 1-2 cm. longus, supra
canaliculatus ; foliola elliptico-ovata, acute acuminata, basi
rotundata vel subeuneata, 7-9 cm. longa, 4-6 em. lata (juvenilia
lanceolata, circa 2:5 cm. lata), coriacea, glabra, opaca, venis
lateralibus utrinque circa 8 ascendentibus, supra inconspiculs,
subtus prominulis, costa subtus prominente ; petioluli 05-1 em.
longi, conspicue canalieulati. Spine 0'5-l em. supra axillas
ortz, plerumque bifurcæ, crure majore usque 8 cm. longo.
Drupa juvenilis subeylindriea, apicem et basin versus paullo

angustata, quinquesulcata, cirea 7 cm. longa, 2-275 cm. crassa,

matura ellipsoidea, 7-8 cm. longa, 5:5-65 em. crassa; epi-
earpium circa 8 mm. crassum, carnosum, extra subcrustaceum,
vittis 5 longitudinalibus, inter vittis lenticellis longitudinaliter
elongatis dense obtectum ; mesocarpium e fibris in pulpa nidulan-
tibus compositum, resin: redolens; endoearpium lignosum, circa
7-8 mm. crassum. Semina crasse fusiformia, longitudinaliter
sulcata, 4°5 em. longa, 29:5 em. crassa, testa crustacea pulverulenta.

Toro: Kibale Forest, Dawe, 511; also found in Unyoro and
Semliki Forests. Native name, “ Lukauyu.”

[The fruits of this tree are much sought after by elephants,
who are mainly responsible for its distribution, the seed passing
through the animals undigested. I have frequently seen clumps
of seedlings which have come up in elephants’ droppings. The
seed affords an oil used as an unguent by the Baamba people of
Semliki Forests, who also use the seed for food.—M. T. D.]

The bifurcation of the supra-axillary spines is due to the
main axis of the spine being bent to one side by the almost
equally vigorous growth of a lateral brancb, which is borne in
the axil of a minute scale-leaf. A single young spine on Dawe's

DAWEANJS IN UGANDA LECT. 507

specimen has two lateral branches. Kirks Rovuma River
specimen, mentioned by Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 315, has forked
spines of the same nature, aud is undoubtedly a new species
allied to Balanites Wilsoniana ; the material is, however, in-
sufficient for description.—T. A. S.

MELIACEE.

Carapa grandiflora, Spragwe, sp. nov.; florum magnitudine
localisque biovulatis a speciebus pentameris ceteris recedit.

Arbor glabra, ramulis subangulatis striolatis lenticellosis
pallide fuscis, circa 7-10 mm. diametro. Folium unieum exstans
5-jugum; petiolus plano-convexus, 14 cm. longus, basi ultra
5 mm. latus, striolatus, densiuscule lenticellosus, pallide fuscus ;
internodia rhachis 4-5 cm. longa, petiolo similia; petioluli
6-7 mm. longi, supra canalieulati; foliola elliptieo-oblonga,
apice rotundata, basi obtusissima paullo inequiateralia, 10-
20 em. longa, 6-9 cm. lata, integra, margine reflexo leviter
undulato, supra pallide subglauco-viridia, venis lateralibus et
costa leviter prominentibus, venulis ineonspicuis, subtus pallide
brunnea, venis lateralibus leviter costa conspieue prominentibus,
rete venularum densissimo satis manifesto; vens laterales
utrinque 7-11, areuatim ascendentes, marginem fere attingentes.
Panicule cirea 4 apices versus ramulorum in axillis foliorum
minorum delapsorum ortæ, pyramidales, 10-27 em. longs;
rhachis conspicue compresso-quadrangularis, fusca, conspicue
lenticellosa ; bractew ovato-deltoidex, convexe, inferiores 3 mm.,
ultime 1 mm. longs ; pedicelli 4-5 mm. longi, quadrangulares,
sulcati. Sepala 5, semicircularia (vel latissime ovata), 1'5-
2 mm. longa, 2-2:5 mm. lata, breviter ciliata, cæterum glabra.
Petala 5, late elliptica, valde concava, 6-8 mm. longa, 5-6 mm.
lata (explanata), glabra. Tubus staminalis circa 4 mm. longus ;
lobi 10, ovato-oblongi, rotundati, 1-1:5 mm. longi, basi 1 mm. lati ;
antherz in incisuris sessiles, breviter oblong, circa 0°75 mm.
longe. Discus 1 mm.altus, rugulosus, supra crenulatus. Ovarium
late ovoideum, 2 mm. longum, 1°75 mm. diametro, 5-loculare, gla-
brum ; stylus crassus, circa 0'5 mm. longus; stigma discoideum,
1-5 mm. diametro, margine reflexo crenulato ; ovula pro loculo 2.
Capsula depresso-globosa, unica exstans trisperma, 8 em. longa,
10 em. crassa; valve medio leviter longitudinaliter depresse.
Semina usque ad 7 em. longa et lata, usque 4 em. crassa.

West Ankole Forest, 1500 m., Dawe, 351.

508 DR. O. STAPF—PLANTJE NOYJE

© Lovoa budongensis, Sprague, sp. nov.; ab Z. trichilioide,
Harms, antheris apiculatis recedit.

Arbor alta. Ramulus unieus exstans teres, striolatus, lenti-
cellosus, fuscus, eirea 8 mm. diametro. Folia 5-7-juga, 20-
45 em. longa, glabra; petiolus 4-9 em. longus, medio 3-5 mm.
latus, plano-convexus, margine superiore anguste alatus; petio-
luli eanalieulati, 3-4 mm. longi; foliola oblonga vel ovato-
oblonga, apice breviuseule obtuse acuminata vel retusa, basi
obtusa, 5-12 em. longa, 2°5-5 em. lata, supra nitidula, subtus
opaca; vena laterales utrinque 12-15, subtus ut venule magis
prominentes. Panicule axillares, cymose, pyramidales, 20—
30 em. longze, rhachei acute angulata ramis alternis ascendentibus,
ramulis pluries trichotomis. ^ Pedicelli compressi, 1:5-2 mm.
longi, 1 mm. infra apicem articulati. Sepala 4, semicircularia
vel suborbicularia, ciliata, 1-1:5 mm. longa, circa 2 mm. lata.
Petala 4, elliptico-obovata, 6 mm. longa, cirea 3:5 mm. lata
(explanata), valde concava. Tubus staminalis decemerenulatus,
crenulis antheris alternantibus, 3 mm. longus; antherw 8, sub-
sessiles, oblongz, apiculate, vix ultra 1 mm. longs. Discus
conspicuus, vix ultra 1 mm. diametro. Pistillum 3 mm.
longum; ovarium 4-loculare, in stylum equilongum angus-
tatum; stigma capitatum, vix ultra 0°5 mm. diametro.

Budongo Forest, Dawe, 808.

Lovoa brachysiphon, Sprague, sp. nov.; ab L. budongensi,
Sprague, tubo staminali subtruneato facile distinguitur.

Arbor 15-21 m. alta. Ramulus unicus exstans teres, leviter
striolatus, cirea 6 mm. diametro, glaber, fuscus, lenticellis
inconspieuis. Folia 3-5-juga, 25-30 em. longa, glabra; petiolus
9-6 em. longus, medio 3-4 mm. latus, ei Z. budongensis con-
formis; petioluli eanaliculati, 5-8 mm. longi; foliola oblonga,
breviter obtusissime acuminata, basi obtusa, 6-18 em. longa,
2:5-5'0 em. lata, supra nitida, subtus opaca; venz utroque
latere costz 10-14, utrinque prominentes. Panicula terminalis,
corymbosa, circa 25 cm. longa et paullo latior, rhachei obtus-
iuseule angulata, ramis alternis subareuatim ascendentibus,
ramulis pluries triehotomis. Pedicelli compressi, cirea 1 mm.
longi. Sepala 4, semicircularia vel suborbieularia, 1 mm. longa,
vix 2 mm. lata, valde concava, minute ciliata. Petala 4, late
obovata, valde concava, 5 mm. longa, 3:5—4 mm. lata (explanata).
Tubus staminalis subtruncatus, inter antheras vix undulatus,

DAWEANÆ IN UGANDA LECT.;E, 509

2-2:5 mm. longus; antherz 8, subsessiles, ovato-oblonge, 1 mm.

longs, apiculate, Discus brevis, paullo ultra 1 mm. diametro.
Pistillum 2-255 mm. longum; ovarium 4-loculare, in stylum
squilongum angustatum; stigma capitatum, circa 0'5 mm.
diametro.

Toro District, 1500 m., Dawe, 157.

Lovoa Brownii, Sprague, sp. nov.; ab L. brachysiphone,
Sprague, foliolis minoribus et forma petalorum recedit.

Arbor circa 18 m. alta. — Ramuli teretes, striolati, 4-7 mm.
diametro, conspicue lenticellosi, glabri, fusci. Folia 3—5-juga,
12-18 em. longa, glabra; petiolus 3-6 cm. longus, medio
2-3 mm. latus, ei L. budongensis conformis ; petioluli canaliculati,
3-6 mm. longi; foliola oblongo-lanceolata, breviter obtusissime
vel retuse acuminata, basi inzqualiter cuneata, 4-7 em. longa,
1-25 em. lata, supra nitidula, subtus opaca; vene utroque
latere coste cirea 16, supra haud conspicue, subtus ut venule
prominule. Panicula terminalis et axillaris, 20-30 em. longa,
rhachei aeutiuseule angulata, ramis alternis subareuatim ascen-
dentibus, ramulis pluries trichotomis. Pedicelli compressi,
cirea 2 mm. longi, 1 mm. infra apicem artieulati. Sepala 4,
semicircularia vel suborbieularia, 0:75-1 mm. longa, circa
1:5 mm. lata, ciliata. Petala 4, elliptico-oblonga, 6 mm. longa,
cirea. 3 mm. lata (explanata), valde concava. Tubus stam-
inalis subtruneatus, 2°5-3 mm. longus; anthere subsessiles,
obtuse sagittate, O°75-L mm. longs, inconspicue apiculate.
Discus conspicuus. — Pistillum 3:5 mm. longum ; ovarium 4-locu-
lare in stylum squilongum angustatum ; stigma capitatum, vix
ultra 05 mm. diametro.

Entebbe, 1100 m., /. Brown, 243.

Lovoa Klaineana (Pierre MSS.), Sprague; a ceteris speciebus
foliolis obovatis magnis supra haud nitidulis recedit.

Arbor 35-40 m. alta. Ramuli flexuosi, teretes, cirea 1 cm.
diametro, lenticellis crebris rugulosi, glabri, pallide fusci.
Folia 5-6-juga, 20-40 em. longa, glabra; petiolus 4-8 em.
longus, angustissime alatus; petioluli canaliculati, 5-10 mm.
longi; foliola obovata vel oblongo-obovata, rotundata vel bre-
viter obtusissime acuminata, basi obtuse equaliter cuneata,
8-22 cm. longa, 39:5-10 em. lata (novellis exclusis), utrinque
opaca fusca, margine reflexo; ven: utroque latere coste

510 DR. O. STAPF—PLANTE NOV E

numerose, supra inconspicusm, subtus prominentes. Panicule
terminales et axillares, usque ad 35 em. longs, rhachei acute
angulata, ramis alternis stricte ascendentibus, ramulis pluries
triehotomis. Pedicelli compressi, vix 1 mm. infra apicem
artieulati, Sepala 4, semicireularia, cirea 1 mm. longa,
175 mm. lata, ciliolata. Petala 4, patentia tandem reflexa,
obovato- vel elliptieo-oblonga, 4°5-5 mm. longa, 2—2°5 mm. lata
(explanata). Tubus staminalis fere truncatus, 9:5-9:75 mm.
longas, filamentellis cirea 0*4 mm. longis; anthers lineari-
oblong, apiculate, 0:75 mm. longm. Discus conspicuus.
Pistillum circa 3'5 mm. longum ; ovarium 4-loculare, vix 1°5 mm.
longum, stylo brevius; stigma capitatum, vix 0:5 mm. diametro.
Capsula septifraga, tetragona, utrinque paullo angustata, et
rotundata, 5-6 cm. longa, 1-1:3 cm. crassa; valve 4, rigide
coriacez, extra obscure fusce, intus subeinnamomez ; columna
solemniter tetragona, spongiosa, basi impressionibus 1 vel
2 nueleorum seminum. Semina 3:5—4'5 em. longa, ala superiore
cirea 1 em. lata. Cotyledones plano-convexe, oblique elliptice,
12-14 mm. longe, 8-9 mm. late; radicula lateraliter 4-5 mm.
infra apicem inserta, usque 2 mm. longa, 1 mm. lata.

Wesr Troprcan Arrica: Gaboon Region, Klaine, 1440.

The genus Lovoa was described by Harms from flowering
material only, and until the fruits of L. trichilioides, Harms, are
known, the generie identity of the Uganda and Gaboon species
above described must remain a little doubtful.—T. A. S.

PSEUDOCEDRELA, Harms, in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxii.
(1895) 153.

Key to the Species.
Capsule under 9 em. long; seeds up to 4:5 em. long; cotyledons
broadly obovate .............. 1. P. Kotschyi, Harms.
Capsule 15-25 em. long; seeds 7:5-12:5 em. long; cotyledons
ovate or elliptic.
Capsule cylindric; column produced 2 cm. above the
uppermost seeds ; cotyledons elliptic.
2. P. excelsa, sp. nov.
Capsule shortly clavate ; column scarcely produced above
the uppermost seeds; cotyledons broadly and
obliquely ovate.......... 3. P. utilis, sp. nov.

Further characters separating P. excelsa and P. utilis from

DAWEAN JE IN UGANDA LECT. 511

P. Kotschyi are the entire leaflets and the absence of the fibrous
network connecting the valves after dehiscence.

Pseudocedrela excelsa, Dawe et Sprague, sp. nov.

Arbor usque 30 m. alta, cortice erasso, interiore rubido-
carneo. Rami robusti, apice 2-5-5 em. diametro. Folia circa
l m. longa, cirea 10-juga, rhachei terete lignosa lenticellosa, basi
7 mm. diametro ; foliola elliptieo-oblonga, brevissime acuminata,
basi cuneata, 15-25 em. longa, 7-9:5 em. lata, integra, sub-
coriacea, glabra, opaca, venis lateralibus utrinque 11-15, supra
interdum leviter impressis, subtus ut vena media prominentibus,
venulis reticulatis subtus magis obviis; petioluli 6-10 mu. longi.
Flores desunt. Capsula cylindrica, usque ad 25 cm. longa;
valvee 2-2:3 em. late, 2-3 mm. crassi, utrinque attenuate, extra
obscure, lenticellis parvis elongatis, intus nitidule, equabiliter
colorate, seminum impressionibus notate ; columna supra semina
summa cirea 2 cm. producta, basi obtusa. Semina 7°5-12°5 em.
longa, 1°3-1'7 cm. lata; cotyledones ellipticz, 2*2 em. longi,
1:3-1:4 em. late.

West Ankole Forest, 1500 m., Dawe, 358.

P. utilis, Dawe et Sprague, sp. nov.

Arbor circa 30 m. alta, 1-15 m. diametro, cortice griseo,
interiore rubido-carneo. — Aamuli apice 1-1:3 em. diametro, cas-
taneo-pubescentes. Folia 30-60 cm. longa, 8-11-juga, rhachei
lateribus canaliculata supra breviter dense cinereo-pubescente
subtus brunneo-pubescente: foliola leviter falcata, oblonga,
inferiora ovato-oblonga vel ovata, 4°5-10 cm. longa, 2-3 em. lata,
breviter obtuse acuminata, basi oblique rotundata, supra nitidula,
vena media + cinereo-pubescente, venulis conspicue reticulatis,
subtus opaca, vena media brunneo-pubescente, fasciculis pilorum
in axillis venarum lateralium puberularum, ceterum glabra; vene
laterales utrinque 10-15, regulares; petioluli 1-2 mm. longi.
Flores desunt. | Capsula pedunculo robusto 15-25 cm. longo,
breviter clavata, 20-25 cm. longa, 15-18 em. ambitu ; valve apice
acute incurve, basin versus sensim angustatz, 2:3—2:5 cm. late,
4—6 mm. crassi, extra obscure lenticellis magnis circularibus vel
ellipticis, iutus nitidule, colore obscuriore variegate, seminum
impressionibus vix visis; columna semina suprema vix superaus.
Semina 7:5-10 longa, circa 2 cm, lata ; eotyledones late oblique
ovate, 1'7-1:8 cm. longis, 1:4 em. late.

Budongo Forest, Dawe, 780.

512 DR. O. STAPF—PLANTE NOVAE

MELIANTHACE.E.

Bersama ugandensis, Sprague, sp. nov. ; a B. maxima, Baker,
staminibus duobus anticis liberis, petalis angustioribus minus
crassis, ovario longius densius tomentoso, stylo graciliore recedit.

Arbor 12 m. alta. Ramuli superne obtuse angulati, sericeo-
tomentosi. Folia cirea 40 em. longa, 15-17-foliolata; petioli
semiteretes, fulvo-tomentosi, supra eanalieulati, 5-8 em. longi ;
rhachis presertim inter foliola superiora attenuatim oblanceolato-
alata, supra glabra vena media pubescente vel puberula excepta,
subtus et ad nodos tomentosa; foliola subsessilia, superiora ob-
longa, inferiora ovato-oblonga, infima late ovata, apice breviuseule
acute acuminata, basi rotundata vel obtusissima, supra subfusca
glabra, vena media leviter impressa, ceteris haud conspieuis, subtus
dense pubescentia vel tomentosa, venis lateralibus magis obviis ;
vens laterales utrinque 9-13, patule, prope marginem arcuatim
anastomosantes. Stipule lineari-subulate, 1:5-2 em. longs, circa
2 mm. late, extra villoso-tomentose, intus glabre. Racemus circa
25 em. longus, rhachei sulcata dense longiuscule pubescente ;
bractez filiformes, cirea 6 mm. longs, dense pilose. Pedicelli
7-8 mm. longi, ut calyx longe tomentosi. Calyx extra tomen-
tosus, intus glabriuseulus ; lobi 4, late ovati; anticus apice
bifidus, 5 mm. longus, 4:5 mm. latus; laterales et postici 4 mm.
longi, 3 mm. lati, Petala reflexa, extra basi excepta tomentosa,
intus inferne glabriuscula, superne dense pubescentia ; anticum
lineari-spathulatum, 17-18 mm. longum, 25 mm. latum; lateralia
spathulata, 16 mm. longa, 3:5 mm. lata; postica oblongo-spathu-
lata, 14-15 mm. longa, 3:5-4 mm. lata. Filamenta sparsiuscule
pilosa, antiea libera, 16-18 mm. longa, postiea 14-15 mm. longa,
4 mm. connata ; antherw vix 4 mm. longe, 1°75 mm. late, sparse
pilose. Discus posticus, carnosus, 1 mm. altus. Ovarium
compresso-ovoideum, 3:5-4 mm. longum, 2:5 mm. latum, dense
tomentosum ; stylus 6 mm. longus, fere usque ad apicem pilosus;
stigma globosum, 1-1:5 mm. diametro.

Koki District, 1200 m., Dawe, 382.

Flowers of B. ugandensis were found in whieh the filaments
of three or of all four stamens were short (8-9 mm. long), thick,
and densely tomentose ; the anthers were slightly broader (2 mm.
broad) than in the normal flowers; both ovary and dise were
larger than in normal flowers, aud the dise was densely tomentose
instead of being glabrous.

DAWEANJE IN UGANDA LECT X. 518

LEGvMrINOS X.

Acacia prorsispinula, Stapf, sp. nov.; A. macrothyrse,
Harms, affinis, sed foliorum ad 12-pinn., foliolorum ad 30-jug.,
spinis stipulaceis minoribus prorsus directis, capitulis longius
peduneulatis, corollis cylindrieis, ovario circiter 9-ovulatis
distineta.

Arbor 45-6 m. alta, glaberrima, ramis cortice brunneo-fusco
tectis. Folia circiter 12-pinnata; rhachis gracilis, 20-24 cm.
longa, supra vix canaliculata, in dorso et ad latera angulata,
ad basin glandula orbiculari 3 mm. diametro munita; pinne
9-15 em. longs, infime 24-3 em. supra basin orte, rhachilla
acute tetragona; foliola ad 60 lineari-lanceolata, obliqua,
acuta vel subacuta, basi latere postico obtuse auriculata, 9—
ll mm. longa, 2 mm. lata, subeoriacea, nervis 2 subparallelis
postieo margine proximo obscuro; stipule spinescentes, spine
breves, prope panieulam 1 mm. longe vel vix ullie, omnes prorsus
directe. Panicula ampla, 20 em. longa lataque, ramis rigidis
subdivaricatis uti rhacheos parte superiore ancipitibus; bracteæ
ramorum minute, ovate, acute; pedunculi 3-2-ni vel solitarii,
ad 2 em. longi, nonnulli brevissimi, ad medium bracteati; bracteæ
peduneulorum in cupulam 4-dentatam connate. Capitula 6 mm.
diametro, lutea, odorata; bracteole spatulate, quam flores
breviores. Calyv turbinatus, 1 mm. altus, 5-crenatus, crenis
inerassatis puberulis. Corolla cylindrica, 2:5 mm. longa, 5-dentata,
dentibus 0-5 mm. longis ovatis subacutis incrassatis. Stamina
perplurima ; filamenta ad 6 mm. longa, ima basi magis minusve
connata; anthere depresso-globose, 0°15 mm. longi, connectivo
apice glandula globosa 0:15 mm. diametro stipitata instructo.
Ovarium ambitu oblique oblongum, 9-ovulare. Legumen stipi-
tatum, oblongum, complanatum, obtusum vel cuspidatum, ad
10 em. longum (stipite 1-1:5 em. longo), 2 em. latum, coriaceum,
tenuiter venosum. Semina ad 9, nummulariiformia, ad 1 cm.
diam.

Acholi, Dawe, 856 ; Nandi Country, Sibu, Evan James.

A very similar plant was collected by Dr. T. G. Nicholson
in Northern Nyasaland, on the Upper Luangwa River (at
3000 ft.). The specimen is, however, too incomplete for exact
identification.

514 DR. O. STAPF—PLANTE NOVAS

RosACEX.

Alchemilla ruwenzoriensis, Rolfe; fruticulus insignis, ab
A. argyrophyllo, Oliver, foliis flabellatis 5-lobis multo majoribus
distincta.

“ Fruticulus diffusus " (Dawe). Rami ramosi, sericeo-villosi,
breves. Folia petiolata, flabellata, sericeo-strigosa, 2°5-4°5 em.
lata, 5-loba, rarius 3-loba, lobis obovatis seepissime inciso-dentatis ;
petioli 5-10 mm. longi; stipule oblongo-lanceolate, acute,
membranacex, brunnes, ciliate, 8-20 mm. longs. Cyme
axillares, breves, cirea 2 cm. longs, vaginis brunneis obtecte,
pauciflore. Flores pedicellati. Calycis tubus turbinatus, 2 mm.
longus; lobi triangulari-ovati, acuminati, 2-3 mm. longi, cum
tubo sericeo-strigosi.

Ruwenzori, on rocks at 3600 m., Scott Elliot, 8109; at 3000-
3900 m., Doggett ; at 3000-3300 m., Dawe, 613.

Mr. Dawe remarks that this is a shrub with silver foliage,
which grows on mossy banks, and spreads over large areas,
forming a most interestig part of the vegetation at 3000
to 3200 m. Mr. Scott Elliot's piece alone is in flowering
condition.

Alchemilla geranioides, Rolfe; ab A. tenuicauli, Hook. f.,
ramis brevioribus et robustis, folis approximatis et breviter
petiolatis faeile distinguenda.

* Herba procumbens” (Dawe). Rami ramosi, villosi, basi
lignosi, internodiis brevibus. Folia petiolata, flabellata, breviter
5-loba, lobis brevibus latis inciso-dentatis, 1—1*5 em. lata; supra
sparse subtus dense pilosa ; petioli villosi, 2-4 mm. longi; stipule
late oblong, apice irregulariter inciso-dentate, basi vaginatee
membranacez. Cyme axillares, breves, villosw, pauciflore.
Flores brevissime pedicellati. Calycis tubus turbinatus, 2 mm.
longus; lobi triangulari-ovati, acuti, 2 mm. longi, cum tubo
villosi.

Ruwenzori, at 3300 m., on mossy bogs, Dawe, 678.

Rubus inedulis, Rolfe; ab R. apetalo, Poir., aculeis minus
recurvis, paniculis laxioribus, pedicellis longioribus distinctus.

Frutex diffusus. KRamuli novelli dense pubescentes, adulti
tomentosi, aculeis patentibus vel subrecurvis instructi. Folia
imparipinnata, quinquefoliata vel interdum trifoliata; rhachis
aculeata, pubescens; foliola breviter petiolata, late elliptica vel

DAWEAN_E IN UGANDA LECTÆ. 515

ovata, apiculata, inciso-dentata, 1-7 em. longa, supra strigosa,
subtus cinereo-tomentosa, venis pinnatis. Panicule terminales,
laxe, pubescentes et aculeate. Pedicelli graciles, 5-13 mm.
longi. Sepala ovato-lanceolata, acuminata, dense cinereo-
tomentosa, 5-6 mm. longa. Petala obovata, sepalis æquilonga.
Achenia in dorso pilosa. “ Fructus lutei, inedules " (Brown).

Buddu District at 1230 m. alt., Brown, 133. Koki District, at
1200 m. alt., Dawe, 388.

The fruits on both specimens appear to be in abnormal con-
dition, the receptacle and achenes being swollen into a spongy
densely tomentose mass, in some cases becoming densely villose,
quite unlike the normal fruit of Rubus. It is suspected to be a
galled condition, as no traces of fungi are present. Mr. Brown
describes the fruit as yellow and inedible, but all those collected
are in the same condition.

RurzoPHORACEE.

Dactylopetalum ugandense, Stapf, sp. nov. ; affinis D. Mannii,
Hook. f., foliis magis coriaceis angustioribus nervatione diversa
distinctum.

Arbor 20 m. alta vel altior, glaberrima ; truncus cortice cinereo
tectus ligno pallide brunneo. KRamuli juniores compressi, deinde
teretes, exsiccando nigricantes, vetustiores cortice rudi fusco
obtecti; gemme resina copiosa indute. Folia oblonga vel
lanceolato-oblonga, rarius subelliptiea, apice subacuta, basi acuta,
integra vel obscure crenata, 5-11 em. longa, 3-3'5 em. lata,
coriacea, exsiccando fuscescentia, nervo medio supra prominente,
lateralibus utrinque circiter 9 nervo collectivo arcuato a margine
3-4 mm. remoto junctis uti retieulatione venarum subtus promi-
nulis; petiolus 5-8 mm. longis, aurantiacus. Flores ad nodos
fasciculati, subsessiles. Calyx 3 mm. longus, ultra 3 5-lobatus,
lobis rotundatis. Petala 4 mm. longa, lineari-cuneata, ad 2 in
fimbrias capillares flexuosis dissecta. Discus breviter tubularis,
0°75 mm. altus, integer. Fructus (immaturus) obovoideus, 5 mm.
longus.

Toro: Kibale Forest, 1500 m., Dawe, 499.

Native name, “ Kaubwa."

516 DR. O. STAPF—PLANT.E NOV.E

COMBRETACE E.

Terminalia Dawei, Rolfe ; affinis T. macroptere, Guill. et Perr.,
petiolis foliorum ad basin alatis, fructibus paullo latioribus
distincta.

“Arbor parva" (Dawe). Rami subteretes, glabri. Folia
obovato-oblonga, apiculata, ad basin in petiolum longe decur-
rentia, glabra, multicostata, minute reticulato-venosa, 2-3 dm.
longa, 6-8 em. lata. Flores ignoti. Pedunculi glabri, 3-4 em.
longi. Fructus breviter pedicellatus, elliptico-oblongus, com-
pressus, late bialatus, apice retusus, glaber, circa 10 em. longus,
4 em. latus.

Acholi, Dawe, 865.

Native name, ** Opank."

The species of this group, the section Stenocarpe of Engler
and Diels, are not easy to define. In general appearance the
species here described most approaches the Senegambiau Z. macro-
ptera, Guill. et Perr., but the remarkable extension of the lamina
to the base of the petiole as a narrow wing, and the broader
fruit-wing, leave no doubt of its distinctness. Unfortunately,
flowering specimens were not obtained.

Terminalia Spekei, Rolfe; species facie T. torulose, Engl. et
Diels, a qua differt foliis longioribus, fructibus latioribus.

“Arbor parva, 10-20 ft.” (Dawe). Rami novelli cinereo-
velutini, vetusti subglabri. Folia petiolata, elliptica vel elliptico-
oblonga, subobtusa, multieostata, dense velutina, supra demum
subglabra, venis impressis, subtus crebre retieulato-venosa, 15-
32 em. longa, 5-13 em. lata; petioli 1:5-6 em. longi. Spice
axillares, dense velutinw, densiflore, 5-6 em. longe. Bractee
decidue. Perianthii receptaculum inferius fusiforme, superius
cupuliforme, eum disco longe et dense piloso, segmentis trian-
gularibus acutis. Stamina 4-5 mm. longa. Fructus pedicellatus,
elliptico-oblongus, late bialatus, omnino molliter tomentosus,
apice obtusus vel apiculatus, circa 7 em. longus, 3-3°5 em. latus ;
pedicellus 1 em. longus.— Terminalia sp., Speke, Nile Journ.
p. 694; T. macroptera, Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. (1873)
p. 72 (non Guill. et Perr.).

Madi, on the Upper Nile, Speke & Grant, 643. Acholi Country,
at 1050 m. alt., Dawe, 858.

Mr. Dawe collected both flowering aud fruiting specimens,

DEWEAN IN UGANDA LECT. 517

and the latter are indistinguishable from those collected by
Speke and Grant, hence they are provisionally referred to a
single species, which is quite distinct from the Senegambian
T. macroptera, Guill. et Perr. Col, Grant describes the species
as a tine, large, handsome tree, 10 to 12 feet circumference of
trunk, with the old bark hard, black, and fissured, and the young
marbled red and grey, and the wood lemon-yellow and watery
when fresh. The leaves grow in tufts from the tips of the
branches. The kernel of the fruit eats as sweet as an almond.
He further remarks that it is called * M’toof’oo,” and that the
natives use it for tinting their cloths (made of bark) a yellow
colour, and that the Arabs make supports for their houses of its
wood.

Terminalia velutina, Rolfe; a T. glaucescente, Planch., ramis
et foliis einereo-velutinis, fructibus non obtusis distinguenda.

“ Arbor 9 m. alta.” (Brown). Rami teretes, cinereo-velutini.
Folia petiolata, elliptica vel elliptico-oblonga, acuta, multicostata,
velutina, supra demum subglabra, venis impressis, subtus crebre
reticulato-venosa ; lamina 10-20 em. longa, 5-8 em. lata; petioli
3-5 em. longi. Spice axillares, velutinz, densiflora, 6-9 em.
longe. Bractee decidum. Perianthiit receptaculum inferius
fusiforme, superius cupuliforme, cum disco piloso; segmentis
ovatis acutis. Stamina 3—4 mm. longa. Fructus pedicellatus,
oblongus, subacutus vel apiculatus, bialatus, velutinus, 5-6 em.
longus, cirea 15-18 mm. latus; pedicellus cirea 8 mm. longus.

Busogo district, at 1170 m, Brown, 260; on open land
throughout the Unyoro district, Dawe, 697.

Mr. Dawe remarks that the bark of this tree is boiled and
used for tanning. Though markediy different from the Western
speeies mentioned, the affinity between the two is very close,
judging by the fruit. The section is a rather important one, but
several of the species are stil very imperfectly known, either
flowers or fruit being wanting.

RUBIACER.

Oldenlandia $ Conostomium, Stapf (sect. nov.) a sectione
Kohautia differt floribus axillaribus, corolle tubo longissimo,
ovario vertice conico producto, capsula costata apice dentibus
4 angustis dehiscente. Species dux Afric tropice.

518 DR. O. STAPF—PLANTA NOV.E

Oldenlandia dolichantha, Stapf, sp. nov.; ab altera specie
huius sectionis, O. rotate, Baker, foliis multo latioribus, corolla
multo majore ore villosa distincta.

Herba annua, erecta, ad 40 em. alta, plerumque glabra; caulis
quadrangularis vel anguste quadrialatus, internodiis 15-4 em.
longis, ramis nonnullis evolutis ad vel ultra 15 em. longis, aliis
brevissimis ad foliorum angustorum fascieula redactis. Folia
sessilia e basi lata rotundata lanceolata vel linearia et tune inter-
dum in petiolum attenuata, acuta, 2:5-6 cm. longa, 2-10 mm.
lata, herbacea, patula vel deflexa, obscure nervosa; stipule ad
commissuram brevem membranaceam parce fimbriatam redacte.
Flores axillares, sessiles, solitarii vel 2-3-nati in caulis dimidio
superiore. — Jeeceptaculuin turbinatum, 3 mm. longum. Calyx ad
fere basin 4-partitus, segmentis lineari-subulatis 7-8 mm. longis.
Corolla hypocrateriformis, alba; tubus tenuis, interdum ultra
10 em. longus, medio vix 1 mm. diametro, sub limbo infundi-
buliformis et hie albo-papillosus, intus ore pilosus; lobi 4
lanceolati, acuminati, 9-10 mm. longi. Antheræ sub ipso ore
sessiles, oblongz, utrinque acute, 5-6 mm. longs. Ovarium
vertice conico ; stigma clavatum, vix 2-lobum, exsertum. | Capsula
ellipsoideo-ovoidea, 4-costata, apice dentibus 4 angustis 1 mm.
longis dehiscentibus. Semina numerosa, oblique ovoidea, sectione
transversa obtuse 3-angulata vel fere orbiculari, levissima,
0*6 mm. longa.

Nile Province, Dawe, 945.

This is a very remarkable plant. The affinity with Oldenlandia
rotata, Baker, is quite evident ; but a elose examination of the
genus Oldenlandia wil probably result in the breaking up of
the genus into several genera, one of which would be Cono-
stomium. As it stands at present, it includes plants which differ
considerably not only in general appearance, but more particu-
larly in the structure of the fruits and seeds. The flowers of
O. rotata are distinctly heterostylous. The corollas of the
macrostylous form have a slightly larger limb with broader lobes
and a very short funnel-shaped widening at the base, the stigma
tips just reaching to where this widening begins, whilst the
anthers surround the base of the slender stigmatic lobes. In
the brachystylous form the stigma-tips are about 6 mm. below
the mouth of the corolla-tube, which is scarcely widened and
from which the upper half of the sessile anthers are exserted.
On the other hand, all the flowers of O. dolichantha which I
examined were alike and as described above.

DAWEANJE IN UGANDA LECT.E. 519

Hymenodictyon scabrum, Stapf, sp. nov.; affinis H. parvi-
folio, Oliv., sed foliis scabris, fructibus paulo majoribus differt.

Frutex parvus; rami dense puberuli, demum glabrati, cortice
brunneo parce lenticellato obtecti. Folia oblanceolata vel obovato-
lanceolata, breviter acuminata, basi longe acuminata, 5-6 cm.
longa, 2:5-3 em. lata, papyracea, utrinque scabra, nervis utrinque
circiter 5 perobliquis ; petiolus 1-1:5 em. longus. Inflorescentia
Jloresque ignoti. Infructescentia paniculata 25 em. longa, 12 em.
lata; pedicelli 8-5 mm. longa. Capsula oblongo-ovoidea, haud
compressa, acuta, 15-18 mm. longa, 7-8 mm. diametro, ob valvas
fere ad medium bifidas subsqualiter 4-fida, septo persistente a
basi sursum recedente et evanido. Semina 6-7, elliptica, 10-
12 mm. longa alis inclusis, nucleo 4 mm. vix longiore.

Nile Province, Bari Country, Dawe, 885.

This is possibly only a state of Grant's plant from the same
country, mentioned as Hymenodictyon sp. ?, by Oliver in Trans.
Linn. Soc. vol. xxix. (1873) p. 82, and in Fl. Trop. Afr. vol. iii.
p. 42, although the latter has much broader leaves almost soft to
the touch, the hairs being few and notrigid. Oliver's description
of the inflorescences as lateral rests evidently on a misconception
of Graut's note, quoted in the Trans. Linn. Soc. 4. e., there being
with Grant's speeimen only a detached branch of an inflorescence
in the Kew Herbarium. Grant says “A fruit-bearing branch
grows opposite a leaf-bearing one.”

Randia nilotica, Stapf, sp. nov.; affinis R. dumetorum, Lam.,
sed floribus fructibusque minoribus, corollæ tubo breviore annulo
piloso ad medium instructo, receptaculo glabro, bacce cortice
exsiccando crustaceo.

Frutex 15-5 m. altus; rami rigidi, sepe subanfructuosi,
ramulis induratis spinescentibus 1:5-2 cm. longis armati, cortice
albido vel niveo levi tecti. Folia in brachycladiis brevissimis
sub spinis ortis fasciculata, obovata, apice rotundata vel sub-
acuta, basi longe cuneatim attenuata, 2-3:5 cm. longa, 1:2-2 cm.
lata, erassiuscula, juvenilia cinereo-pubescentia plerumque mox
omnino glabrata, nervis lateralibus utrinque 3-4 inconspicuis ;
petiolus vix ullus; stipule minute, ciliate. Flores 1, raro
2 ex apieibus brachycladiorum, erecti vel nutantes, pedi-
cellati; pedicelli ad 5 mm. longi. Receptaculum turbinato-
globosum, 1:5 mm. longum, glabrum. Calyx circiter 5 mm.
longus, ad medium 5-partitus ; lobi obovati, basi valde contracti,

LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII. 2p

520 DR. O. STAPF—PLANTJE NOVJE

recurvi, decidui, denticulis interjectis. Corolle albæ, tubus vix
e tubo calycino exsertus, a basi ad medium glaber, abhine argenteo-
sericeus, intus ad medium annulo denso pilorum instructus ; lobi
rotundati, 5 mm. diametro, extus argenteo-sericei, intus tenuis-
sime cinereo-velutini, Stamina ore inserta; filamenta perbrevia ;
anthers oblonge, 3 mm. longe. Stylus 8 mm. longus; stigma
ovoideum, 2-lobum. Bacca globosa vel subglobosa, glaberrima,
16-22 mm. diametro, sepe tubo calycino persistente coronata,
cortice vivo ad 3 mm. crasso succulento exsiccando valde con-
tracto tenui. Semina numerosa in pulpa purpurea nidulantia,
ellipsoidea, subeompressa, 5 mm. longa; testa alutacea, leevis.—
Randia dumetorum, Tiern, in Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 94, i. p., non
Lam.

SENNAAR TO JUR AND ZaANZIBAR. Sennaar, Kotschy, 400!
Abyssinia, Tigre, near Adeganna, Schimper, sect. ii. no. 1002!
Sudan, Bahr el Jebel, Muriel, 4! Jur, near Kurrehuk Als
Seriba, Sehweinfurth, 4304! Uganda, Nile Provinee, Dawe,
882! British East Africa, Mombasa, Wakefield! Hildebrandt,
1965!

Mr. Dawe describes the shrub as pubescent when young. This
probably refers to the young long-shoots, of which there are
none with the specimens enumerated above, and only some of the
leaves of the short-shoots have still retained traces of pubescence.
There is, however, a specimen at Kew, collected by Schweinfurth
at Donkollo, Eretrea, which consists of young long-shoots with
their leaves still attached and with very young short-shoots in
the axils of the latter. Most of the leaves of these long-shoots
are rather less obtuse than those of the short-shoots and the
longest are up to 5 em. long. They are all softly pubescent, and
have broad-triangular scarious stipules. The branches are softly
pubescent like the leaves. There are tio flowers with the
specimen. The fruits accompanying it are, however, exactly
like those described above.

Hiern referred (7. e.) to Randia dumetorum also a specimen
collected by Grant in the Madi Country. This very much re-
sembles Randia nilotica, but it is Vangueria tetraphylla, Schweint.:
Kirk’s specimens referred likewise to Randia dumetorum belong
to two species—one with large oblong fruits, persistently tomen-
tose leaves, and very few, short spines (Tete, Lupata, Chiradzula);
the other identical with R. Lachnosiphonium, Hochst., a species
so far recorded only from Natal.

DAWEANJE IN UGANDA LECT. 521

Pavetta Barteri, Dawe, sp. nov.; P. disarticulate, Galpin,
affinis, folis obtusis, venis lateralibus paucioribus, petiolis
brevioribus differt.

Frutex 1-3 m. altus, ramis quadrangularibus, junioribus com-
pressis, cortice suberoso mox desquamato. Folia opposita, rarius
ternata, subsessilia vel in petiolum 2-10 mm. longum attenuata
oblanceolata vel lineari-oblanceolata, 10-25 em. longa, 2:4—5 em.
lata, apice obtusa glandulosa, subcoriaeea, glabra, pallide viridia,
conspicue glandulosa imprimis statu juvenili, sparse pellucido-
punctata; venz laterales utrinque 5-8. Stépule in cupulam
2-3 mm. altam connate, subtruncate, 1-3-cuspidatz, cuspidibus
apice glanduliferis. Corymbi trichotomi, ramos breves robustos
axillares terminantes, pedicellis 2-4 mm. longis, floribus tetra-
meris. Calyx cupularis, 1-2 mm. longus, dentibus 4 magis
minusve obsoletis. Corolla alba, glabra; tubus 1 cm. longus;
lobi 6 mm. longi, oblongi, apieulati. Anthere corolle lobis
paullo breviores; filamenta brevia. Discus carnosus, glaber.
Ovarium biloculare, stylo integro valde exserto 2-3 cm. longo.
Bacca subglobosa, 8-9 mm. diametro, atro-viridis, calyce persis-
tente coronata, 1-2-sperma.

Ueanpa. Unyoro, Kafu Valley, Bagshawe, 524; Singo Dis-
trict, Bugangadgi, Dawe, 122 ; Acholi, Dawe, 869; Madi District,
Speke § Grant, 740.

UrrER GursEA. Niger Expedition, at Abok, Barter, 324.

This shrub was first collected by Barter on the Niger Expedi-
tion in 1858, and subsequently by Speke and Grant in the Madi
Country in 1863; in 1904 and again in 1905 by myself, but
without flowers. The description of the flower is taken from
Dr. Bagshawe’s plant in the British Museum, collected in Unyoro
in November 1905. Barter’s Niger plant has a more strongly
toothed calyx than the Nileland specimens.

COMPOSITA.

Senecio adnivalis, Stapf, sp. nov. ; affinis S. keniensi, E. G.
Baker, et S. Johnstoni, Oliver, sed ab utroque floribus radii et
disci :zquilongis, ab illo præterea lamina foliorum secundum
petiolum late decurrente, lana foliorum inflorescentieque copio-
sissima, ealyeuli phyllis longis, ab hac etiam involucri braetearum
forma distincta.

Arbor 6-8 m. alta; truneus cortice scabro obtectus, superne

2P2

522 DR. O. STAPF—PLANTE NOVE

parce ramosus, ramis dichotomis foliorum rosulas densas magnas
plurium pedium diametro in comam applanatam dispositas geren-
tibus. Folia vetusta emarcida deflexa, oblonga, acuta, basi in
petiolum late alatum deeurrentia, serrata serraturis sursum
decrescentibus infimis interdum at 8 mm. longis, ad 45 cm.
longa, ad 14 em. lata, herbacea, utrinque primo araneoso-piloso
demum supra glabrata, subtus preterea in costa copiosissime
araneoso-lanata, nervis secundariis obliquis circiter 10-15 mm.
distantibus venulis marginem versus laxe anastomosantibus
exsiecando prominulis; petiolus a lamina subdistinetus vel
sensim in eam abiens, 8-10 em. longus, cum alis 3:5-4/5 em. medio
lata. Inflorescentia erecta, ultra 30 em. longa, ad 15 em. lata,
bracteato-paniculata; rhachis robusta ramique copiosissime
araneoso-lanati; rami inferiores distantes ad 15 em. longi, in
tertia parte infima indivisi; bractee primarie late lanceolate,
acuminate, basi attenuate, inferiores ultra 15 em. longs et ad
7 cm. late, submembranacese, araneoso-villosee,mox glabrescentes ;
bractee ramorum lineares, infimis majoribus exceptis anguste
vel angustissimz, membranacex, capitula vix excedentes. Capi-
tula numerosa dense congesta, pedunculis (inferioribus longioribus
exceptis) lem. longis vel brevioribus suffulta, 1 em. alta, ad
L5 em. lata; involucri phylla circiter 26, exteriora 12 anguste
linearia tenuiter longe acuminata, 12-15 mm. longa, 0:6-0'9 mm.
lata, tenuia, araneoso-pilosa vel glabrescentia, interiora 14 latiora,
oblonga, caudato-acuminata vel acuta, 13-15 mm. longa, ad 5 mm.
lata, interdum late scarioso-marginata, ezterum tenuiter her-
bacea, pubescentia pilis longis mollibus admixtis. Flores lutei,
radii circiter 12, feminei, involucri phyllis paulo breviores;
corolle 9-10 mm. long, ligula elliptico-oblonga, 3-dentata ;
flores disci hermaphroditi, circiter 95 eis radii æquilongis ;
corolla 5-dentata. Pappus multisetosus, setis asperulis.
Anthere basi brevissime acutz,connectivo apieulato. ^ Ovaria
glabra, striata. Stigmata truncata, apice papillosa.

Ruwenzori, Mubuka Valley, 2700-4050 m., Dogget ; Dawe,
663.

PLUMBAGINACER.

Plumbago Dawei, Rolfe; affinis T. zeylanice, Linn., sed foliis
tenuiter membranaceis basi rotundatis, inflorescentia breviore,
calycis setis et lobis longioribus, coroll» lobis majoribus differt.

Fruticulus (Dawe) ramis striatis glabriusculis. Folia petio-

DAWEANJE IN UGANDA LECTE. 523

lata, ovata vel ovato-oblonga, acuta vel breviter acuminata, basi
rotundata, membranacea, novella lepidota, demum glabrata, lamina
4-10 em. longa, 2-4 em. lata; petioli 10-15 mm. longi. Panicule
parce ramose, 5-6 cm. longe. Bractee ovate, acutissime,
2-3 mm. longe. Flores breviter pedicellati. Calyx tubulosus,
basi paullo ampliatus, glanduloso-setosus ; lobi subulato-
lineares, 3 mm. longi; tubus circa 12 mm. longus. Corolle
tubus elongatus, eirea 22 mm. longus ; lobi elliptico-oblongi,
circa 8-10 mm. longi. Anthere breviter exsertz, lineares,
2 mm. longs.

Toro, near the Nsongi River, at 4000 feet alt., Dawe, 543.

Although near the common and widely diffused Plumbago
zeylanica, Linn., this species is readily distinguished by the
characters pointed out. Mr. Dawe, who collected both species,
remarks that the differences between them are still more apparent
in the living state.

SAPOTACE®.

Mimusops Dawei, Stapf, sp. nov.; affinis M. frondose, Hiern,
sed glaberrima, floribus subsessilibus, alabastris resina copiosa
illitis, corolla segmentis lineari-oblongis.

Arbor 20-25 m. alta, valde ramosa, glaberrima; rami cras-
siusculi, cortice fusco verrucoso obteeti, Gemme resina copiosa
illite. Folia approximata, oblonga, utrinque subacuta, ad 20 cm.
longa, 7 em. lata, coriacea, iufra argenteo-glauca, nervis latera-
libus patulis, utrinque circiter 25, uti venarum reticulatione
utrinque prominulis ; costa supra tenui utrinque linea depressa
notata infra admodum prominente; petiolus subteres, 3-4 cm.
longus. Flores 3-meri, fasciculati, 4-2-nati; alabastra resina
copiosa illita; pedicelli brevissimi. Calyx 7-8 mm. longus;
sepala suberecta, oblonga, obtusa, minutissime ciliolata, eras-
siuseula. Corolla alba; tubus cylindricus, 6 mm. longus ; seg-
menta qualia, lineari-lanceolata, subacuta, vix 5 mm. longa.
Stamina 6; anthere oblonge vel sublanceolate, acute, 3 mm.
longe; filamenta 3:5-45 mm. longa; staminodia lineari-
lanceolata, 2:5 mm. longa, at medium 2-fida, lobis tenuiter sub-
ulatis. Ovarium glabrum, 9-loculare.

Ankole Forest, 1500 m., Dawe, 353.

Mimusops ugandensis, Stapf, sp. nov.; M. Elengi, Linn.,
similis, sed floribus paulo minoribus, sepalis exterioribus atro-

524 DR. O. STAPF—PLANTZE NOVE

fuscescentibus, interioribus cinereis, eorolle laciniis subacutis
(haud tenuiter acuminatis) staminodiis lanceolatis distineta ;
inter species Africanas Penduliflere proxima, sed foliis glaber-
rimis minoribus, floribus minoribus, sepalorum forma et indu-
mento differt.

Arbor 9-12 m. (vel ultra) alta, gemmis et floribus exceptis
glaberrima, ramis cortice fusco tectis. Gemme brevissime,
obtuse, fusco-pubescentes. Folia sparsa, oblonga vel obovato-
oblonga, breviter et szepius subabrupte acuminata, acumine cir-
citer 5 mm. longo obtusiusculo, basi breviter acuta, margine
undulato, 8-11 em. longa, 3:5-5 cm. lata, tenuiter coriacea, supra
nitida, costa tenui supra utrinque linea depressa notata infra
latiore prominente, nervis secundariis 5-7 mm. distantibus sub-
patulis prope marginem nervo collectivo connexis tertiariis
subparallelis interjectis cum venulis areolas elongatas ambien-
tibus utrinque leviter prominulis; petioli 1-1:4 cm. longi,
superne tenuiter canaliculati. Flores 4-meri, fasciculati, 5-2-ni,
penduli; pedicelli 7-8 mm. longi, dense fusco- (rarius fulvo-)
pubescentes. Alabastra late ovoidea, subobtusa, ad 7 mm.
longa. Calyx 7:5 mm. longus, late apertus; sepala exteriora
ovato-lanceolata, vix acuminata, fusco- (rarius fulvo-) pubes-
centia, interiora paulo minora, cinereo-tomentella, dorso sulcata.
Corolla 5:5 mm. longa, fere at basin partita; segmenta equi-
longa, interiora angusta oblonga, exteriora lanceolata, omnia
subaeuta. Stamina corolle equilonga; anthere fere 4 mm.
longz, lanceolate, quam filamenta paulo longiores ; staminodia
lanceolata, basi leviter contracta, extus longe denseque villosa,
intus glabra, ad 4:5 mm. longa. Ovarium villosum, 8-loculare ;
stylus basi pubescens, 3 lin. longus. Fructus (semi-maturus)
ovoideus, 2 em. longus, monospermus, glabratus, olivaceus.

Buddu, 1170 m., Dawe, 252.

Mimusops ugandensis var. heteroloba, Stapf (var. nov.) 9.
Folia fere omnia oblonga, ezterum ut in forma typica, petioli
1:33-1:5 em. longi. Alabastra globoso-ovoidea, obtusa, 5 mm.
longa; pedicelli demum 8-12 mm. longi. Calyx 5:5-6 mm.
longus; sepala acuminata. Corolla ad 5 mm. longa; segmenta
interiora oblonga, apice 2-dentata, quam exteriora lanceolata
latiora. Stamina corolla duplo breviora antheris efcetis.
Fructus maturus 2:5 em. longus, ellipsoideo-ovoideus, luteus.
Semen oblongum, basi acutum, leviter compressum, antice

DAWEANE IN UGANDA LECT. 525

subcarinatum, 18 mm. longum, 8 mm. latum badium ; hilum
subbasilare.

Bugoma Forest, 1140-1200 m., Dawe, 724; Toro, Kibale
Forest, 1350 m., Dawe, 509.

From the material available it is impossible to say whether
this is merely a sexual (female) state of Mimusops ugandensis or
an independent form; possibly even a distinct species. The
Bugoma tree is said to attain a height of 24 m., and the Toro
tree is described as a “large, erect tree." This species is
referred to in Dawe's * Report,’ p. 14, by a slip as Mimusops
toroensis, Stapf.

EBENACEJE.

Euclea latidens, Stapf, sp. nov. ; proxima E. Kellau, Hochst.,
a qua differt foliis majoribus, floribus maseulis minoribus, corolla
depresso-campanulata.

Frutex vel arbuscula glaberrima, ramis ob foliorum bases per-
sistentes subnodosis vetustis cortice griseo tectis. Folia sub-
opposita vel subverticillata, oblanceolata vel obovato-lanceolata,
apice rotundata, basi longe attenuata, 7-8 cm. longa, 2-325 cm.
lata, coriacea, exsiccando supra fusco-viridia, subtus pallide
badio-fusca, nerv/- secundariis utrinque 5-6 valde obliquis
areuato connexis reubus 3-5 mm. a margine distantibus uti
venis laxe anastc osantibus subtus vix, supra distincte pro-
minulis; petioli c titer 4 mm. longi, prope basin incrassatam
disarticulati. Ra mi masculi e foliorum superiorum axillis,
graciles, 3 cm. ] igi, 8-10-flori, ad 1 cm. indivisi; bractes
minute; pedieell nferiores 5'3 mm. longi, curvati. Calyx 4-
lobus, vix l:'ó n . altus, 8 mm. diametro, lobis late ovatis
apiculatis vel sub tusis. Corolla depresso-campanulata, 2:8-3
mm. longa, 3 mn diametro, ad fere medium 4-lobata, lobis
orbicularibus. Sz nina circiter 13; filamenta brevissima ;
anthere lanceolata minute apiculate, 2:5-2:75 mm. longs,
apiculo minute pil sulo. Pistilli rudimentum subulatum, vix
l mm. longum. A cemi feminei fructiferi tantum noti, 07-1
em. longi, patente: |5-10-flori; pedicelli 1 mm. longi. Calyx
persistens ut in fli 'e masculo. Bacca globosa, nigra, 5 mm.
diametro, monosperma. Semen globosum, prope hilum breviter
sulcatum et lineis 2 a sulco angulo recto divergentibus tenuibus
notatum; testa ab hilo ultra medium intrusa; endosperma
osseum.

North-west Ankole, banks of Lake Kafuru, 1100 m., Dawe,431.

526 DR. O. STAPF—-PLANTH NOV

APOCYNACES.

Gabunia odoratissima, S/apf, sp. nov.; affinis. G. glandulose,
Stapf, sed foliis majoribus, nervis numerosioribus, floribus
majoribus, calyce intus multiglanduloso diversa.

Arbor 10 m. alta, glaberrima ; ramuli teretes, fistulosi, fusco-
virides. Folia oblonga, basi subacuta, apice breviter aeuminata,
15-20 em. longa, 45-6 em. lata, papyracea, nervis lateralibus
utrinque 10-14 patulis prope marginem eurvatis; petioli latius-
culi, supra canaliculati, 10-12 mm. longi. Inflorescentie circiter
10-flore, subcorymbos:e, densiuscule, pedunculo 4-6 cm. longo
suffulte; bractese persistentes, late ovate, acute vel breviter
acuminate ; pedicelli ad 6 mm. longi, crassiusculi. Calyx 5-7
mm. longus; sepala late ovata vel elliptica, obtusa, intus ad
basin glandulis numerosis obsita. Corolla fragrantissima, alba;
tubus gracilis, 9 cm. longus, medio 2 mm. diametro, basi leviter
tortus; lobi e basi lanceolata lineares, 4°5-6 cm. longi, ad
medium 3-4 mm. lati. Anthere 6 mm. longs. Stylus cum
stigmate 5 mm. longus. Volliculi oblique ovoidei, 15-16 em.
longi, 12:5 em. diametro, viridi et albo-variegati (ex Dawe).

Western Ankole, in forest, 1800 m., Dawe, 352.

Motandra altissima, Stapf, sp. nov.; valde affinis M. pyra-
midali, Stapf, sed tomento rufo, paniculis angustioribus densis,
corolle tubo calyce breviter exserto distincta.

Frutex altissime (ad 30 m.) scandens, novellis rufo-tomentosis ;
rami graciles, mox glabrati, exsiccando nigricantes, minute
lentieellati. Folia oblonga vel lanceolato- vel elliptico-oblonga,
basi obtusa, apice acute acuminata, 6-12 em. longa, 3-5 em. lata,
tenuiter papyraeea, mox preter nervos (infra) glabrata, nervis
lateralibus utrinque cireiter 7; petiolus 8-10 mm. longus,
diutius rufo-tomentellus. Panicula ovoidea vel anguste pyra-
midalis, 3-9 em. longa, 3-5 em. lata, densa, ubique rufo-tomen-
tella; pedunculus perbrevis ; bractez ad ramorum primariorum
bases e basi latiore tenuiter subulate, 2 mm. longs, cetera
minores vel obsolete ; pedicelli 1 mm. vix longiores. Calyx
2:5 mm. longus, dense rufo-tomentellus ; sepala lanceolata, acuta
vel subacuta. Corolla extus ima basi excepta tomentella; tubus
vix 3 lin. longus; lobi tubum equantes, oblongi, obtusi, crassius-
culi. Folliculi ovoidei, apice ineurvo-acuminati, dense fusco-
pannosi, ad 2:5 em. (haud plane maturi) longi, ultra 1 em. lati.

DAWEANÆ IN UGANDA LECT. 527

Mawokota, Bunjiako, 1100-1200 m., Dawe, 260; Unyoro
Forests, near the Anglo-Congo Frontier, Dawe, 702.

BoRAGINACE.

Cordia unyorensis, Stapf, sp. nov. ; C. abyssinice, R. Br., et
C. Holstii, Gürke, affinis, sed drupa magna putamine lageni-
formi distinetissima.

Arbor 20-80 m. alta; rami novelli tenuiter ochraceo-temen-
telli, mox glabrescentes et exsiccando nigricantes. Folia late
ovata vel suborbicularia, subobtusa vel apiculato-acuminata,
obseure dentata, basi rotundata, subtruneata vel interdum uno
latere acuta et ad petiolum producta, 9-13 cm. longa, 7-11 em.
lata, coriacea, supra glabra, subtus tenuissime densissime
ochraceo-tomentosa, nervis lateralibus utrinque 5-6, infimis 2
utriusque lateris fere e basi ortis, venis transversis distinetis
circiter 3 mm. inter se distantibus; petiolus subteres, ad 4 em.
longus. Corymbus 8-10 cm. diametro, laxiusculus, tenuiter
ochraceo-tomeutellus; pedunculus 1-4 cm. longus. Calya an-
guste campanulato-oblongus, 7-8 mm. longus, breviter lateque
5-dentatus, 10-costatus, ochraceo-tomentellus. Corolla alba,
breviter infundibuliformis, limbo latissime aperto, 2 cm. diametro,
fere 2 cm. longa; lobi latissimi, 2-3 mm. alti, margine undulati.
Filamenta basi pilosa, 8-9 mm. longa. Ovarium glabrum;
stylus 9 mm. longa. Drupa calyci cupuliformi fere 2 em. alto,
costis obliteratis insidens, subovoidea, acuta, 4°5 em. longa, 3 cm.
diametro; pericarpium ad 1 em. crassum, parte exteriore fibroso-
carnosa, interiore mucilaginea; putamen lageniforme ad 32 mm.
longum, medio ad 15 mm. crassum, apice basique constrictum et
profunde excavatum, inter constrictiones profunde lateque sul-
catum, 4-loculare, loculis 2 plermuque minutis vacuis.

Unyoro, Bugoma, and Budongo Forest, Dawe, 798.

ACANTHACEJE.

Acanthus ugandensis, C. B. Clarke, sp. nov.; ex affinitate
Acanthi arborei, Forsk., sed sepalis 2 interioribus 7 mm. longis,
ellipticis, apice rotundatis (superne longe ciliatis) distincta.

Parum pilosa. Folia superiora oblongo-elliptica, 16 cm.
longa, 7 em. lata, in marginibus usque ad } laminæ latitudinem
duplieato-pinnatifida, spinosa, lucida; petioli 1 cm, longi.
Spice terminales, 15 em. longi, densiusculi. Bractea 2 cm.

528 DR. O. STAPF—PLANTE NOVJE

longa, 7 mm. lata, 3-nervis, apice marginibus spinulosa, tenuiter
pilosa; bracteolæ 2, 16 mm. longæ, 2 mm. latæ, spinulosæ.
Sepala 2 antica usque ad apicem connata, 1 em. longa, ovata,
apice obtuse triangularia; sepalum posticum 15 mm. longum,
ovatum, apice acuta triangulari. Flores omnino A. arborei,
Forsk., sed e Dawe albi.

Uaanpa. Buddu, alt. 3400 feet, Dawe, n. 237 ; Elgon District,
Sir Evan James.

Brrrisa East Arrica, C. F. Elliott, n. 244.

In the neighbouring species, 4. arboreus, Forsk., A. eminens,
C. B. Clarke, A. montanus, T. Anders., the two interior sepals
are long, with lanceolate linear tips.

RB)

MUusACEX.

Musa fecunda, Stapf, sp. nov. ; affinis M. Ensete, J. F. Gmel.,
differt labio exteriore infero coroll (tepalis quinque connatis)
latiore apiee breviter obtuseque 3-dentato, intus ad tertiam
partem laciniis 2 tenuissime subulatis longis additis, labio inte-
riore (supero) 3-lobo, lobo intermedio subulato lateralibus late
rotundatis hyalinis, ceterum firmulo.

Truncus spurius, ventricosus, humilis, basi eireumferentia 2 m.
Flores (teste Dawe) oblonga vel oblanceolato- oblonga, ultra 4 m.
longa, costa ssepe rubra. .Bractec inflorescentiam subtendentes
oblong, obtuse, 40-45 em. longs, 25 em. late, costa infra
medium folii totam latitudinem oecupante sursum cito attenuata ;
bractez interflorales lanceolato-oblongx, subaceuminat:e, acumine
lato obtusissimo, circiter 40 cm. longs, 12 cm. latz. Flores
numerosissime. — Aecepfaculum anguste clavato-cuneatum, cir-
citer 5 em. longs, 0:6-0:75 cm. diametro, glauco-pruinosum,
lentieellosum. Labium eaterius (inferum) lineari-oblongum,
apice obtuse 3-dentatum, intus ad tertiam partem laciniis 2
tenuissime subulatis 2-2:5 em. longis, totum 5 cm. longum,
5-6 mm. latum ; labium interius (superum) 3-lobum, 15-18 mm.
longum, lobo intermedio subulatum, lateralibus late rotundatis
hyalinis, ceterum firmulum. Stamina 5; antherw 2:5 em. longe
filamentis paulo longiores. Stylus cum stigmate oblique globoso
3:3 em. longus. Jnfructescentia cernua, ovoidea, fructibus nume-
rosissinis (ad 418 zeste Dawe). Bacce 5-13-sperma. Semina
depresso-globosa circa 15 mm. longa lataque, umbilico excavato.

Toro, lsunga, 1500 m., Dawe, 521.

DAWEANJE IN UGANDA LECT. 529

HJEMODORACE E.

Sansevieria Dawei, Stapf, sp. nov. ; affinis S. guineensi, Willd.,
foliis ad 1:5 m. longis, ad 6 em. latis, utrinque longe attenuatis
distincta; floribus ternatim fasciculatis, pedicellis imo apice
articulatis.

Folia ensiformia, apice et basi longe attenuata, basi exsic-
cando plicata vel involuta, rabro-marginata, ad 1'5 m. longa,
ad 6 em. lata, concoloria, glaucescentia. Inflorescentie pedunculo
incluso 6-7 dm. longe ; pedunculus circiter 3°5 dm. longus, medio
(vivus) 1 em. crassus ; cataphylla seariosa 6, lanceolata ad 4°5 em.
longa; bractee oblongo-lanceolate, acute, infime ad fere 2 cm.,
superiores ‘1 em. longs, albidz ; pedicelli 3-natim fasciculata,
25-45 mm. longi, imo apice artieulati. Perianthium album ;
tubus 3 em. longus, gracilis; segmenta linearia, obtusa, 2-2:2 cm.
longa ad 2*2 mm. lata. Stamina perianthii segmenta æquantia ;
anthere 3 mm. longæ. Stylus ad 6'5 em. longus. Fructus haud
notus.

Busiro, Dawe, 109; Entebbe, Mahon, May 6, 1902. Accord-
ing to Mr. Dawe, also in Toro and Unyoro.

Native name, “ Bugogwa.”

Mr. Dawe tells me that this plant differs considerably from
S. guineensis in appearance, mainly on account of its very long
and narrow leaves. Otherwise it comes very near to S. guineensis,
and will have to be studied in the field with respect to the
distinctive characters mentioned above.

AMARYLLIDACEAE.

Hæmanthus cyrtanthiflorus, C. H. Wright; a speciebus
reliquis perianthii segmentis latis oblougis quam tubo multo
brevioribus differt.

Bulbus ovoideus, apice in colum longum productus, basi
rhizomate oblique descendente 3 em. diam. instructus. Folia
elliptiea, apiee basique attenuata, primum minute furfuracea,
demum glabra, circa 23 em. longa, 7:5 em. lata, membranacea ;
nervis lateralibus utrinque 7-10, inconspicuis ; petiolus c. 18 em.
longus. Scapus lateralis, c. 30 cm. longus, glaber, c. 12-florus ;
spathe membranacee ; pedicelli 2:5 cm. longi, graciles. Perian-
thium rubrum; tubus 3:8 cm. longus, subcylindricus; lobi
oblongi, obtusi, apice cucullati, exteriores 12 mm. longi, 4 mm.
lati, quam interiores paullo longiores. Stamina ad corolle

580 DR. O. STAPF—PLANTJE NOVA

faucem inserta ; filamenta complanata, longe triangularia, 6 mm
longa; anthere 3 mm. longs. Ovarium subglobosum, 4 mm-
longum, glabrum. Bacca subglobosa, 18 mm. diam., 2-sperma.
Semina 10 mm. diam.

Ruwenzori, 2400-2700 m., Dawe, 620.

DroscoREACE E.

Dioscorea (§ Asterotricha) fulvida, Stapf, sp. nov.; affinis
D. Schimperiane, Hochst. ex Kunth, sed foliis firmioribus sinu
angustissimo profundo, fructibus angustioribus distincta.

Caulis scandens, teres, fulvo-tomentellus, mox glabratus,
inermis. Folia opposita, elliptico-orbicularia, profunde cordata
sinu perangusto, apice breviter acuminato-cuspidata, 11-13 em.
longa, 11-11:15 em. lata, firma, supra glabra, infra fulvo-tomen-
tella, 9-nervia, venis transversis laxis; petiolus 7-8 em. longus,
superne anguste canaliculatus. Flores ignoti. Fructus in
spicas pendulas 10-13 em. longas dispositi; rhachis gracilis
dense fulvo-tomentella, internodiis 3-5 mm. longis. Capsule
ambitu obovato-orbiculares, apice leviter emarginate, 2 em.
longi, 3-lobe, lobis 1 em. latis, juniores dense fulvo-tomentellie,
demum loborum lateribus glabris. Semina orbicularia, 4 mm.
diametro, ala 1 mm. lata cireumdata.

Unyoro, Dawe, 908.

PANDANACE.E.

Pandanus chiliocarpus, Stapf, sp. nov.; affinis P. Candelabro,
Beauv., sed syncarpiis majoribus drupis multo longioribus angus-
tioribus apice haud spinulosis et ut videtur foliis majoribus
haud glaucis distinetus.

Arbor circiter 9 m. alta, superne ramosa radices fulcientes
emittens, ramis comas magnas foliorum gerentibus. Folia e
basi lata longe gradatim attenuata, ad 3:6 m. longa, basi ad
15 em. lata, crasse coriacea, spinosa, spine costz subtus acute
subadpresse inter basin et medium sursum vel deorsum direct
supra medium omnibus sursum spectantes, inferne 5'3 cm.
distantes, superne multo magis approximate, spine marginum
leviter curvate prorsus directe, inferiores ad 3 mm. longs,
superiores multi breviores oblique triangulares. Tnflorescentie
(e rhachidis fragmento 45 em. longo) spicate, bractearum cicatri-
cibus inferioribus 7-10 cm. distantibus. Syncarpium ovoideum,

DAWEANE IN UGANDA LECT. 531

30-37 cm. longum, 15-17 em. diametro. Drupe numerosissine
(ultra 1000), 1 (rarius 2)-loculares, anguste pyramidato-cuneate,
6 cm. longe, 6-8 mm. diametro, apicibus conicis liberis 6-8 mm.
longis subeompressis interdum breviter rostratis stigmate 1
(rarius 2) reniformi vel hippocrepiformi 1:5-2 mm. lato patente
eoronatis; pericarpium laxe fibrosum; putamen osseum sub
medio obtuse 5-6, angulatum utrinque subito contractum, basi
breviter eonicum, apiee longe subulato-conieum (ad 1 em. longo),
totum ad 2 cm. longum.

Toro, by the Usonei and Durra Rivers, Dawe, 523; also in
Unyoro, in river near Butiaba (according to Dawe).

Dawe states that the habitus of this species resembles very
much that of the Screw-pine figured in Sebimper's ‘ Plant
Geography, p.389. He counted not less than 1845 drupes in
one syncarpium. The Waganda name of the plant is “ Kisi-
kenki."

GRAMINE X.

Panicum (8 Brachiaria) bifalcigerum, Stapf, sp. nov. ; affinis
P. falcifero, Trin., sed racemis eum unoquoque culmo binis,
spiculis glaberrimis majoribus acutis, valvis spiculas equantibus.

Gramen perenne; rhizoma premorsum, breve; innovationes
intravaginales. Culmi glabri, 3-nodi, e summa vagina longius-
cule exserta. Foliorum vagine basales angustx, molliter
hirsutæ, imprimis basin versus, demum a culmo solutæ et plicate,
3-10 em. longs, pauca, extime 2 ad cataphylla brevia elaminata
redacta; cauline similes sed angustiores, longiores prster
nodos minus hirsutæ, summa ad 15 cm. longa. Racemi spici-
formes 2, leviter falcatim curvati, internodio 3-4 cm. longo
separati, densi, secundi, 2-seriati; rhachis herbacea, concava,
applanata, 3 mm. lata, glabra, ad margines ciliolata. — Spzeule
geminate, rarius hincinde solitarie vel ternate secundum
costam rhachis facialem, brevissime pedicellate, lanceolato-
ovate, acute, subacuminatæ, circiter 4 mm. longs, glabre.
Glume quales, 7-nerves superne nervis brevibus nonnullis
interjectis, nervis imprimis apicem versus admodum prominulis.
Anthecium inferum d, glumas subequans; valva lanceolato-
ovata, apice paulo incrassata, 5-nervis; palea valve equilonga,
acute 2-carinata, acuta. Anthecium superum $ oblongo-
ellipsoideum, obtusum, 3'5 mm. longum, leve; valva 5-nervis.

532 PLANT. NOVA DAWEANJE IN UGANDA LECT.

Anthere fere 3 mm. longe. Styli stigmatibus rufis fere 2 mm.
longis equilongi.
Unyoro, roadsides, Dawe, 826.

Poa glacialis, Stapf, sp. nov.; ex affinitate Poe pseudopra-
tensis, Hook. f., sed folis rigidioribus apice ipso recurvis
asperulis, ligulis longis, paniculis densis, spiculis ad valvarum
bases lana copiosa obsitis, paleis ad carine scaberulis (haud
ciliatis) distincta.

Gramen perenne, ad 45 cm. altum, glaberrimum, sureulos
perpaucos emittens; innovationes mixte. Culmi 2-nodi, nodo
superiore 12-20 em. supra basin sito. Foliorum vagin: basalium
late, leves, pallide, seariosz, 4-8 cm. longs, suleato-striate,
persistentes, summorum virides, firmiores, 15-17 em. longs,
superne asperule; ligule hyalino-scariosw, lanceolato-oblonge,
5-10 mm. longs ; lamin vernatione plicate, deinde explanatze,
lineares, superne attenuate, apice ipso recurvie, ad 8 em. longs,
3—4 5 mm. late, rigidule, multi-nervose, imprimis supra
asperule. Panicule nutantes vel flexuose, dense, ambitu
oblong, lobate, 10-13 cm. longe; rami infimi 2-nati, inter-
mediæ 3—4-nati, qui ex nodis infimis orti inzquilongi, longiores
interdum ad 7 em. longi et ad 25 em. indivisi, cæteri breves et a
basi ramulosi; rami ramulique filiformes, asperuli; pedicelli
2-1 mm. longi. Spicule congestis, ex viride et purpureo varie-
gate, late, 5-6 mm. longs, 3-4-flore. Glume subequales,
lanceolate, acute vel acutissime, 4-5 mm. longi, carina asperula,
inferior l-nervis; superior 3-nervis. Jthachis articuli glabri,
breves. Valve a latere visse lanceolate, peracute, superne
purpure, in parte tertia summa magis minusve albo-marginate,
5-'-nerves, carina basi ciliata cæterum scabrida, nervo extimo
breviter pilosulo, callo lana copiosa vestito. Palew valvis paulo
breviores, anguste, 2-dentatz, in carinis scaberule. Anthere
1°7 mm. longs, luteæ. Ovarium anguste oblongum ; styli quam
stigmata 1 mm. longa multo breviores.

Ruwenzori, Mubuka Valley, 8900-8960 m., up to the glacier,
Dogget ; Dawe, 567.

This handsome grass occurs, according to Dawe, scattered
among stones and boulders up to the limit of phanerogamie
vegetation, forming small tufts owing to its scanty innovations.

THE VEGETATION OF UGANDA. 533

Notes on the Vegetation of Buddu and the Western and
Nile Provinces of the Uganda Protectorate.
By M. T. Dawe.

THE districts visited by me, starting from Entebbe, are: —Busiro,
Mawakota, Buddu, Koki, Ankole, Toro (including Mt. Ruwen-
zori and Semliki Valley), Buyaga, Unyoro,,Chiope, Acholi,
Madi and Bari; the total distance covered amounting to over
3000 miles.

In the following notes I intend to give such information
concerning these districts as bears on the nature of the country,
its elimatie conditions, and the predominant features of the
flora.

My collections comprise nearly a thousand species obtained
on the line of route, whilst daily on the march, no halts having
been made for the express purpose of collecting. A prolonged
stay in these distriets would materially have resulted in a far
more complete and representative collection.

Busrro, Mawaxkora, AND BUDDU,

Busiro and Mawakota lie to the north-west of the Victoria
Nyanza, and Buddu lies due west. The flora of these districts,
together with Chagwe, the Sesse and Buvumu Islands, shows
considerable affinity with that of West Africa.

The low-lying alluvial area, bordering the lake-margin of these
regions down to the Anglo-German Boundary, is more or less
covered with forest. Receding from the Victoria Nyanza, the
country is more hilly, and is mainly composed of grass- and bush-
land; but woodland and forest is found in the valleys and low-
lying localities. These areas are watered by several rivers
flowing into the Victoria Nyanza. The only large and important
oue, however, is the Katonga, and it is somewhat sluggish,
being choked with a dense growth of papyrus and reeds.

The altitude of this region averages about 4000 feet above the
sea. The mean maximum temperature in the shade, as repre-
sented by Entebbe, which is situated near the lake, is 76° Fahr.,
the mean minimum is about 63°, and the lowest recorded tem-
perature is 59°. At ihe higher elevation of Masaka, situated
on the hills about twenty miles inland from the Lake shore,
the mean maximum is 75°, and the mean minimum 59°. The

534 MR. M. T. DAWE ON THE

extremes registered at the latter station are 82? (March 11th,
1904) and 55° (June 10th, 1904). As affecting transpiration, it
may be interesting to mention, that the records of 1904 show
that Entebbe has a daily average of 5 hours 55 minutes bright
sunshine.

This region has no very well-defined seasons. Rain falls
throughout the year; but, as represented by Entebbe, July to
October are usually the driest months. The average rainfall of
the last four years at Entebbe is 55 inches, falling on an average
on 138 days in each year, usually as sudden heavy storms, which
rarely last more than a few hours. The highest recorded rain-
fall for any one year (1904) is 63 inches.

On the inlying parts of these districts the rainfall is rather
less; but on Sesse Islands, where storms occur almost daily
(usually in the morning), it is considerably heavier. The records
avallable indicate that it is not much less than 100 inches per
year. During May 1904 as many as 16:84 inches were recorded
on the islands.

The prominent features of the forests throughout Busiro and
Mawakota are the large trees of the following species :— Pipta-
denia africana, Pycnanthus | Schweinfurthii, Pseudospondias
microcarpa, Parkia filicoidea, Chlorophora excelsa, Canarium
Schweinfurthit, and Antiaris toxicaria. In Bunjiake, which is
almost an island, and only connected with Mawakota by swamp,
the predominating tree is a species of Cynometra; whilst in the
northern part of the littoral forest of Budu the principal
species are Piptadenia africana and Mesopsis berchemoides.

A little further south, Xylopia Eminii, which is allied to a
West African species X. ethiopica, gives a special character to
the forest. Still further south, a Conifer— Podocarpus milan-
jiana var. arborescens—is found in this littoral belt. It is very
singular that it should occur in a low-lying swampy district, at
an altitude of considerably less than 4000 feet—a tree which
usually affects hill-slopes. In the extreme south of Buddu,
Mimusops cuneifolia and Baikaea Eminii are conspicuous trees ;
the former has previously been recorded only from Lower
Guinea. Another interesting feature in this locality is found in
Eugenia owariensis, which grows gregariously in the form of
small forests isolated in the swamps.

Raphia Monbuttorum and Phenia reclinata are common palms
found throughout this forest-region.

VEGETATION OF UGANDA. 585

From the foregoing, it will be seen that considerable varia-
tion is found in the formation of various parts of this littoral
forest, as it stretches from a little north of the Equator to one

degree south.

Kokr.

The district known as Koki lies to the south-west of Buddu ;
it is exceedingly hilly and averages about 4500 feet altitude.
Its formation is of grassland, woodland being only occasionally
found in the deep ravines. The average maximum temperature
in the shade during my stay in Koki (May) was 76°, aud
the minimum frequently fell to 55^. In certain parts of Koki
the soil is calcareous; in other parts, especially the hills, it is
laterite, and schistose rocks crop up on the surface.

The natives inhabit the valleys or low-lying parts of Koki, so
that an overland view from the hills gives an appearance of
desolation. I am informed by the White Fathers of the Roman
Catholic Mission that the rainfall is less than that of Buddu,
which is to be expected, seeing that it is destitute of forest.

The following are conspicuous shrubs found in Koki :—Seeu-
ridaca longipedunculata, Parinarium curatellifolium, Euphorbia
antiquorum, Pappea ugandensis, Carissa edulis, Dichrostachys
nutans, Gardenia Thunbergia, Erythrina tomentosa, Rhus
insignis, Olea chrysophylla, Acacia Gerrardi, and two species of
Dombeya (D. Mukole and D. Dawei). The latter affords a
useful fibre known as Nkokwa; the former is a small tree also
common in Chagwe in the Mahira Forest. A new species of
Bersama, B. ugandensis, is found here; it is a small tree.

The flora of Koki has a slight affinity to the flora of South
Africa. Notable examples in my collection are Acacia G'errardi,
a species from Natal and Zululand, not hitherto recorded
from Tropical Africa; Pappea ugandensis, a species previously
coliected by Dr. Bagshawe on the Anglo-German Boundary
Commission, and allied to P. capensis.

ANKOLE.

Ankole lies in the Western Province of Uganda, and the
portion I passed through has an altitude ranging from about
4000 to 6000 feet. With the exception of the western parts of
Ankole, the country is composed of rolling grass-hills and wide
expanding valleys, while the extreme low-lying parts are usually

LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII. 2Q

596 MR. M. T. DAWE ON THE

covered with acacia woodland. In certain central localities
there is a striking absence of shrubs of any description; so
scarce are they in some places where I camped, that cooking had
to be done with dried stems of papyrus, found in swamps and
streams.

The shrubs found in Koki are also common in the shrub-land
of Ankole. At the higher elevation on the hills of West Ankole
the following interesting specimens are found: Lobelia Giberroa,
Gnidia lamprantha, Phillipia Stuhlmannii, Agauria salicifolia,
Acacia Gerrardi, Schizoglossum eximium, Asclepias glaucophylla
and A. macrantha; also Faurea saligna, a small tree common in
the Transvaal.

The western part of Ankole is densely wooded, and forest
covers a large area east of Lake Albert Edward. I did not
spend sufficient time in this forest to gain much idea of what it
contained, but collected the following trees: Paerinarium excel-
sum, Symphonia globulifera, Zanthoxylum sp., a Strombosia, and
four new species—Carapa grandiflora, Pseudocedrela | excelsa,
Mimusops Dawei, and Gabunia odoratissima. Both the Pseudo-
cedrela and Carapa are valuable timber trees: the latter also
affords an oil.

North of this forest, beyond the plateau which terminates in
an escarpment about ten miles from Lake Kufuru, wocdlands
formed of flat-topped acacias, alternating with bushland of
Euphorbia antiquorum and Capparis tomentosa, stretch down to
the shores of the lake. Forest is absent from the shores of Lake
Kufuru, on both sides being a stretch of arid land.

In the extreme north-west of Ankole the laud is densely
wooded, chiefly with Albizzia Brownei and Albizzia coriaria. A
small forest is found in the Bwezu district; and conspicuous
among the trees found there are: Phaniv reclinata, Cordia
abyssinica, Cola cordifolia, Neoboutonia canescens, Pseudospondias
mierocarpa, and a new species of Pteryyota—a handsome tree
belonging to Sterculiacee.

The mean maximum temperature of Ankole, as r: presented by
Mbarara (1904), which 1s the administrative station, 1s 778^, the
mean minimum 55°6°, the extreme minimum (12th November)
being 457. This may be taken as representative of the greater
portion of the plateau of Ankole, which lies at about 5000 feet.
In the forest-region of West Ankole the minimum was 53°

VEGETATION OF UGANDA. 537
(June). Below the platean, on the plains near the lake, the
maximum temperature ranged from 90° to 92°, and the minimum
from 65° down to 63°.

Toro.

This district is also in the Western Province, and lies south
of Lake Albert, extending down to Ankole, being bounded on
the west by the Congo Free State. It lies from about 3000 feet
altitude to Mt. Ruwenzori, the highest peak of which yet reached
is 15,000 feet.

The portion of Toro lying from 4000 to 5900 feet is physically
somewhat similar to certain parts of Uganda proper, where high
grass and swampy streams choked with papyrus are the charac-
teristic features, This part of Toro, as represented by Fort
Portal, has a mean maximum temperature of 75° and a mean
minimum of 59:9?. The extreme minimum during 1904 was
513°. The average rainfall is 53:14 inches, falling on an average
on 134 days in each year.

In the east-central part of Toro, forest (Kibale Forest) covers
an area of nearly two hundred square miles. It extends from
east of Fort Portal down to the northern extremity of Lake
Ruisimba. Its characteristic trees are Maba abyssinica, Doli-
chandrone platycalyx, Parinarium excelsum, Ehretia sylvatica,
Symphonia globulifera, Cola cordifolia, Chrysophyllum albidum,
Croton zambesicus, Milletia ferruginea ; also the following new
species: Balanites Wilsoniana, Odyendyea longipes, Mimusops
ugandensis, Lovoa brachysiphon, Dactylopetalum ugandense, and
Warburgia ugandensis.

Lying to the south-west of this forest at a lower altitude
occurs another forest, which is remarkably free of undergrowth
and composed almost entirely of Cynometra Alexandri, an
immense gregarious tree, also found in the Semliki Valley and
Unyoro.

The northern extremity of Lake Ruisimba is hid from view on
the plains by several hundred acres of Typha angustifolia. The
flat country lying west of these forests and the lake is of a low
altitude, and is studded with Borassus palms (B. flabellifer, var.
ethiopica) Important rivers watering these plains are the
Mubuku and Luimi, which rise in the Ruwenzori Range.

538 MR. M. T. DAWE ON THE

Mr. RUWENZORI.

The inhabitants of Mt. Ruwenzori form a tribe known as
Bakonjo. They do not inhabit the mountain higher than
7000 feet, but make, even up as far as the glacier, frequent
hunting excursions after the hyrax, the flesh of which they are
very fond. They are remarkable examples of physical strength
and durability.

No cultivation is therefore found on the mountain higher than
the habitations of these people. The banana does not thrive
above 6000 feet. Colocasia antiquorum forms an important
article of culture for food at the higher altitude mentioned.

The plants collected on the Ruwenzori were obtained mainly
from the Mubuku Valley, only a few additional species being
collected on the northern flank of the mountain, which I crossed
on returning from the Semlki Valley.

In the Mubuku Valley, on the lower slopes of the range,
there are dense forests, in which the most conspicuous trees are
Symphonia globulifera and a new species of Pseudocedrela
(P. utilis), which is a valuable timber tree of enormous
dimensions.

On the hill-forests at 6000-7500 feet, one of the most striking
trees is Dombeya runsorensis. Other species which form the
special feature of the vegetation of this altitude are: Lobelia
Giberroa, Musa fecunda (a new species), Dracena reflexa,
Phillipia Stuhlmannii, Cyathea Dregei, Kigelia Moosa, Epipactis
africana, and Disperis nemorosa. Another interesting shrub
found at this altitude is Gymnosporia gracilipes, var. arguta.

From 8000-9000 feet bamboos (Arundinaria sp., probably
A. alpina) form an almost impenetrable zone. Within this
range the following were amongst the interesting specles col-
lected: Podocarpus milanjianus, Cornus Volkensii, Ericinella
AMannii, Myrsine rhododendroides, Pentas occidentalis, Rubus
Doggettii, Hypericum lanceolatum, and a new and somewhat
anomalous species of Hemanthus (H. cyrtanthiflorus).

Beyond this altitude, rica arborea, Podocarpus milanjiana,
and Brayera anthelminthica are the ouly noteworthy trees.

The “tree Lobelias " form the most strikiug arboreal vegeta-
tion at the higher altitude; there are four species on the
mountain. Lobelia Giberroa is found from 6000 to 7000 feet ;
L. Stuhlnannii from 9500 up to 11,000 feet, where it is replaced

VEGETATION OF UGANDA. 539

by Lobelia Deckenii, a species that grows gregariously in morass ;
L. rhynchopetalum is found from about 12,000 feet up to the
glaciers.

A new species of arboreal Senecio (S. adnivalis) is found from
about 10,000 feet up to the glaciers, being most abundant in the
flat morass in the portion of the valley immediately beneath the
glaciers.

Three species of Alchemilla are found on the mountain, two
of which are new. A. geranioides (n. sp.) is found from 8000 to
11,000 feet; A. Stuhlmannii from 9000 to 10,000 feet, and
A. ruwenzoriensis (n. sp.) from 10,000 to 11,000 feet. The latter
rambles widely, forming conspicuous carpets on the mountain,
its silvery foliage harmonising with the silvery micaceous rocks
and grey weeping Usnea that gracefully hangs from Erica arborea
and Senecio adnivalis.

The filmy ferns common in the upper portion of the mountain
are Hymenophyllum Meyeri and H. ciliatum, together with
Polypodium punctatum, var. rugulosum.

The last form of vegetation I observed on the mountain
(excluding the lower forms) was a solitary grass, a new species
of Poa (P. glacialis).

The following are the temperatures registered by me on the
mountain :—at 8500 feet, maximum 56°, minimum 48°; at 9750
feet, maximum 52°, minimum 38" when ascending, on descending
327. At the base of the glacier the temperature, as would be
expected, was at freezing-point at eight o'clock in the morning.
On the upper region of the mountain raiu falls almost daily in
the form of heavy mists, and the vegetation throughout the day
is usually dripping with moisture.

SEMLIKI VALLEY.

The Semliki Valley lies between the Ruwenzori Range and the
Bulega and Mboga hills. It is watered by the Semliki River,
that flows into the south end of Lake Albert. The northern
part of the valley near the lake is of grassland (mostly Zmperata
arundinacea); it lies at an average altitude of about 2500 feet,
and has a remarkably fertile soil. Further up the river is a
dense forest of majestic trees, covering the undulated Bwamba
country ; it is inhabited by forest tribes, mainly the Baamba
people, and forms part of the great Congo Forest. It lies at an
average altitude of nearly 3000 feet.

540 MR. M. T. DAWE ON THE

Of the forest trees the following are the most interesting
species: Cynometra Alexandri, Ricinodendron africanum, Pachy-
stela Msola, Musanga Smithii, Khaya anthotheca, Balanites
Wilsoniana, Dolichandrone platycalyx; and, in the higher parts
of the forest near the Ruwenzori Range, a new species of Bombax
(B. reflexum) and an Irvingia.

On the western side of the river the country is park-like, being
picturesquely studded with Borassus palms, while in the bush-
land Eleis guineensis (the African Oil-palm) occurs,

BuYAGA.

The district of Buyaga lies between Toro and Unyoro. It is
separated from the former by the Musisi River, and from the
latter by the Ngusi, both of which flow into the Albert Nyanza.
It forms portion of the great plateau that terminates in an
escarpment of the Albert Nyanza.

The portion of Buyaga I passed through in proceeding from
Toro to Unyoro is of an undulating nature, huge granitic
boulders standing out conspicuously on the hills. The greater
portion is of shrub- or bush-land. Amongst the interesting
species collected here are the following :—Hymenocardia acida,
Protea madiensis, Bauhinia reticulata, Mucuna stans, Anona
senegalensis, a Cussonia, and a new species of Terminalia (T. velu-
tina), the bark of which is used by the natives for tanning.

Unyonro.

Unyoro also forms part of the Western Province. It is a
large district, extending northwards from the Ngusi River to the
Victoria Nile, that flows into tiie north-eastern end of the Albert
Nyanza. It consists for the most part of a plateau that lies at
an elevation of 4000 to nearly 5000 feet above the sea, and ends
in the north-west in a steep escarpment, at the foot of which
lies, nearly 2000 feet below, the Albert Nyanza.

The physical aspect of the country differs somewhat from that
of the Uganda Province. The more sharply defined peak- or
ridge-like hills give a peculiarity to the country, which contrasts
strikingly with the more rounded, undulating ridges common to
the districts near the Victoria Nyanza.

The plateau region of Unyoro is remarkably fertile and is
characterized by a deep loamy soil. It consists chiefly of elephant

YEGETATION OF UGANDA. 541

grassland, with dense bushland in certain parts, especially in
the north. Other parts are almost park-like, studded with
small trees of Vitex Cienkowskit, Erythrina tomentosa, and
Cordia abyssinica.

The eastern part of Unyoro is intersected by a number of
sluggish rivers, choked with reeds and papyrus. They drain
through swampy valleys into the large Kafu River, which finds
its way into the Nile. The Kafu valley is clothed with dense
bush, and the river itself has wide, almost impassable marshes
of papyrus.

Of the interesting species found in the open land of Unyoro
I may quote the following :—Ampelocissus Chantinti (a vine
affording edible grapes), Bauhinia fassoglensis, Vernonia infundi-
bularis, Senecio ruwenzoriensis (a species previously collected by
Dr. Bagsbawe on the Anglo-German Boundary Commission),
Heteromorpha arborescens, and Clerodendron cordifolium.

On the sandy plains below the rugged, rocky escarpment, the
fiora differs considerably from that of Unyoro generally, agree-
ing with that of the low-lying land of the Nile Province.

The western part of the Unyoro plateau is composed of dense
forests known as Budongo and Bugoma, which taken together
cover an area of approximately 600 square miles. The character-
istic trees of the Unyoro forests are:—Cynometra Alexandri,
Erythrophloeum guineense, Ricinodendron africanum,Chlorophora
excelsa, Balanites Wilsoniana, Cassia Sieberiana, Khaya antho-
theca, Celtis Soyauaxit, Mesopsis berchemoides, Funtumia elastica
and F. latifolia, Maba abyssinica, an Alstonia, and a Draconto-
melum. The following new trees were found in these forests :—
Pseudocedrela utilis, an immense and valuable timber tree ;
Cordia unyorensis, a large tree used by the natives for making
drums; Balsamocitrus Dawei, a new genus in Rutacee; Mimu-
sops ugandensis, and Lovoa budongensis.

The northern part of Unyoro forms a sub-district known as
Chiope. It differs considerably in the nature of its climate and
soil; the climate is much warmer and the soil is poorer than
further south. The greater portion of Chiope is formed of dense
bushland. Of the interesting species found there I may
mention the following :—Balanites egyptiaca, Sterculia cinerea,
Tamarindus indicus, Sarcocephalus Russeggeri, Stereospermum
Kunthianum, Strychnos Burtoni, Ficus Sycamorus, Peucedanum

542 MR. M. T. DAWE ON TITE

Jravinifolium, Protea madiensis, Dombeya multiflora var. vestita,
and Crossopteryx Kotschyana.

ACHOLI.

The Acholi (Shuli) country lies in the Nile Province on the
north side of the Victoria Nile. The banks of the river are
clothed with a narrow strip of forest, and in the valley a few
conspicuous trees are found, such as Antiaris toxicaria and
Kigelia ethiopica,

The physical aspect of the eastern part of Acholi differs con-
siderably from Unyoro. It consists mainly of slightly undulating
country of bush- and grass-land. Many parts of eastern Acholi
attain an altitude of over 4000 feet. The climate seems to be
fairly temperate in the neighbourhood of Fatiko, and it is said
that fever is unknown there amongst the natives. Iam informed
that rain falls throughout the year except during the months of
December to February, but there are no meteorological records
available for this part of Acholi.

The common grass found throughout Acholi (Andropogon
Jilipendulus) is of a wiry nature. In marching through this
couutry one may traverse miles and not see a single tree. The
common tree found in the grassland from the Victoria Nile to
3° north is Kigelia cthiopica, a welcome one to the weary
traveller in that it affords delightful shade.

Interesting species found a few miles north of the Victoria
Nile are :— Tetrapleura nilotica, Pseudocedrela Kotschyi, Crateva
Adansonii, Strychnos Burtoni, Afzelia africana, Cassia gora-
tensis, and Prosopis oblonga.

At the higher elevation in the vicinity of Fatiko there is a
strikingly large number of Terminalias that lend a special
character to the landscape. They belong to three species—
T. macroptera, T. Speket, and T. Dawei, of which the two latter
are new. T. Spekei had already been collected by Speke and
Grant.

From Fatiko towards Nimule the two most striking trees are
Butyrospermum Parkit and Ficus Sycomorus. The seeds of the
former are used as food by the natives, aud the sweet fruits of
the latter are eaten. It may be also interesting to mention that
the Acholi people domesticate bees usually iu this species of
Ficus. heir hives are long and of cylindrical form, made of

YEGETATION OF UGANDA. 545

bamboos or wattle. The bees have been identified by Colonel
Bingham as Apis mellifera (race Adansoni), and he informs me
that, with the exception of the fellaheen of Egypt, no African
people, so far as he knows, have ever domesticated bees.

Jatropha Curcas is sometimes used for fences round Acholi
villages, and it is usual to find a plant of Jatropha Kirkw
growing fenced around in the corner of a village. The latter
has a huge tuberous rootstock, into which the natives thrust
their spears before leaving their village on a hunting-expedition.
I failed to ascertain whether it was with a view to poison their
spears or as an omen of good luck that this is done.

The Acholi people live mainly on grain, scorn to wear clothes,
and seem to be a healthy people, except in distriets where the
guinea-worm is a pest. The chief food-products are: Hleusine
coracana, Sesamum indicum, Phaseolus vulgaris and P. Mungo,
Cajanus indicus, and maize. They also cultivate Ceratotheca
sesamoides, a plant allied to the semsem, for its seeds, which aro
used for food in a similar way. A Labiate—Hyptis spicigera—
is also cultivated for its seeds, the food prepared from which is
much relished by these people.

Mani AND Bart COUNTRIES.

The rest of my collection was made on the usual route from
Nimule to Gondokoro, the distanee between these stations being
about 107 miles.

Nimule is situated on the banks of the Nile, and is a very
unhealthy station, with a dismal, rocky aspect. The maximum
temperature in the shade frequently stands at 100°, while the
average minimum is 65:22. The yearly rainfall is scarcely
40 inches, which falls on about 70 days in the year.

Bari, as represented by Gondokoro, has an average maximum
of 87:9? and an average minimum of 67:4^, the extremes are 100°
and 52°. The rainfall averages 41°91 inches, falling on an
average of 92 days in the year. "These districts are sometimes
subject todrouglits; the hottest months are November, December,
and January.

The following are the interesting species collected from
Nimule to Gondokoro:—Acacia Seyal, Adenium coétaneum, Afzelia
africana, Anogeissus leiocarpa, Borassus flabellifer var. ethio-

LINN. JOURN.— BOTANY, VCL. XXXVII. . 2n

544 THE VEGETATION OF UGANDA.

pica, Butyrospermum Parkii, Cassia Sieberiana, Dalbergia melan-
orylon, Echinops longifolius, Grewia populifolia, Hexalobus sene-
galensis, Lophira alata, Khaya senegalensis, Nicotiana rustica,
Odina fruticosa, Pseudocedrela Kotschyi, Sclerocarya Birroea,
Tetrapleura nilotica, Trichilia emetica, Turræa nilotica, Vangueria
edulis, Zizyphus abyssinica aud Z. orthacantha, also a new species
of Randia (R. nilotica) and Acridocarpus (A. ugandensis).

The Borassus palm does not extend much beyond 4° N. in the
Nile Province, and the Hyphene palm (H. thebaica) not further
south than the vicinity of Gondokoro ; but the latter is abundant
throughout the Sudan.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.
PrarTE 21.

Warburgia ugandensis, Sprague.

Fig. 1. Flowering branch, natural size.

2. Diagram of flower.

3. Flower-bud, enlarged.

4. Section of flower, enlarged.

5. Outer petal, enlarged.

6. Inner petal, enlarged.

7. Pistil, enlarged.

8. Cross section of ovary, enlarged.
9, Fruit, natural size.
10. Cross section of fruit, natural size.
11. Seed, natural size.
12. Embryo, enlarged.

PLATE 22.
Balsamocitrus Dawei, Stapf.

Fig. 1. Flowering branch, natural size.
2. Flower bud, enlarged.
3. Flower, with corolla removed, enlarged.
4. Stamen, enlarged.
D. Cross section of ovary, enlarged.
6. Section of fruit, natural size.
7. Seed, natural size.

LiNN.Soc.JounN. Bor. Vor, XXXVIL PI. 21.

Stapf.

West, Newman imp.

M.Smith del.

FH.Michael lith.

WARBURGIA UGANDENSIS.

Acsi be.
DEL.
1

Linn.Soc.Journ. Bor. VoL. XXXVII P1 22.

M. Smith del.

FH.Michael lith. West,Newman imp.

BALSAMOCITRUS DAWEI.

STAPF

LINN, Soc. JOURN., BOT. VoL. XXXVII. PL. 23.

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MAP TO ILLUSTRATE MR. DAWES'S JOURNEY.

INDEX,

[Synonyms and native names are printed in ééalics.

A star is added to names

which are ostensibly here published for the first time.]

Abies brachytila, Franch., 418.
Davidiana, Franch., 421.
Delavayi, Franch., 422.

var. sutchuensis, Franch.,

22,

diversifolia, Maxim., 422.
firma, Sieb. § Zucc., 422
likiangensis, Franch., 418.
Mariesii, Mast., 422
recurvata, Mast. * , 423.
sachalinensis, Mast., 423.
squamata, Mast., 423.
Veitchii, Lindl., 422.
yunnanensis, Franch., 421.

Abrus precatorius, Linn., 145, 438, 486.
pulchellus, Wall., 145.

A bsciss layer of Scilla, 381.

Abutilon fruticosum, Guill. 4 Perr.,

indicum, Sweet, 125.
matopense, Gibbs * , 451.
zanzibarieum, Boj., 125.
Abyssinia, Roses in (Baker), 79.
Acacia Gerrardi, Benth., 595, 536.
hebeclada, DC., 150.
macrothrysa, Harms, 513.
pennata, Willd., 150.
prorsispinula, Stapf * , 513.
Seyal, Del., 57, 150, 543.
Sieberiana, DC., 150.
stenocarpa, Hochst., 150.
Suma, Kurz, 53, 57.
Verek, Guill. & Perr., 149.
verugera, Schweinf., 57.
Welwitschii, Oliver, 442 ;
485.
Acacia, Mountain, 492,
Acalypha ornata, A. Rich., 213.

in flower, |

Acalypha peduncularis, Meissn., 470 ;
mentioned, 490.
zambesica, Muell. Arg., 470; men-
tioned. 490.
Acanthaceæ from Rhodesia, 458; from
Uganda. 193, 527.
Acanthopale decempedalis, C. B. Clarke,
193 ; 1n Uganda, 118.

Acanthus arboreus, Forsk., 527, 528.
eminens, C. B. Clarke, P
montanus, T. Anders., 528.
ugandensis, C. B. Clarke * , 527

Acer Pseudoplatanus, Linn., dominant,

350; in woods, 337, 338, 342, 347.

Acholi, its vegetation, 542.

| Achyranthes aspera, Linn.,

488.

AchyroclireTHochstetteri, Sch. Bip.,169.

Acioa pallescens, Baill., 97.

Whytei, Stapf * , 97.
Acridocarpus ugandensis, Sprague, 544.
Acrostichum conforme, Sw., 249, 250.

laurifolium, Thou , 249.

polytrichoides, Thou., 248.
Actiniopteris radiata, Link, 481,
Actinostrobus, Mig., distinct from Wid-

dringtonia, 267.

Adansonia digitata, Linn., in fruit, 485.

Adaptive structures, 867.

Adenia venenata, Forsk., 156.

Adenium coëtaneum, Siapf, 548.

Adenocarpus Mannii, Hook. f, 141.

Adenopus breviflorus, Benth., 53, 56.

Adiantum sthiopicum, Linn., 245,

250.

Capillus-Veneris, Linn., 480, 488,

caudatum, Linn., 480.

crenatum, Poir., 245.

2R2

202, 465,

046

Adiantum Oatesii, Baker. 480, 488.
Poiretii, Wikstr., 245.
thalictroides, Willd., 245.

Æschynanthus cordifolia, Kränzl. * ,

282.
Curtisii, C. B. Clarke, 283.
Fraseriara, Kränzl.* , 275, 284.
Hoseana, Kränzl. * , 284.
javanica, Kollins., 288.
Motleyi, C. B. Clarke, 285.
parvifolia, K. Br., 283, 284.
rhodophylla, Kränzl. * , 283.
Teijsmanniana, Mig., 284.

Æschynomene aspera, Linn., 57.

cristata, Vatke, 488; mentioned,
427, 486.

indien, Linn., 144.

Schimperi, Hochst., 144.

Africa, Carex in (Clarke), 2; Roses in
(Baker), 79.

African regions of Uganda, Central,
East & West, 117; Rubiaceæ and
Compositæ (Moore), 298-329.

Afrodaphne, Stapf * , 110; distrib., 81.

calabarica, Stapf* , 112.
caudata, Stapf * , 112.
elata, Sfapf*, 111.
euryneura, Stapf * , 112.
fruticosa, Stapf*, 111.
gaboonensis, Stapf * , 112.
grandifolia, Stapf * , 111.
Mannii, Stapf * , 111.
minutiflora, Stapf * , 111.
nitida. Stapf * , 111.
obscura, Stapf * , 112.
Preussii, Stapf * , 111.
sessilifolia, Stapf*, 111.
Staudtii, Stapf* , 111.
Zenkeri, Stapf * , 111.

Afzelia africana, Sm., 542, 543.

eunnzensis, Welw., 440 ; men-
tioned, 426, 485, 492, (pl. 20)
494.

Agauria salicifolia, Hook, f.. 530.
Agelaea nitida, Soland., 146.
Aiouea, Aubl., 110.
Akonyeshagum. 125.
Alaphia clusioides S. Moore * , 181.
grandis, Stapf, 181; in Uganda,
118

landolphioides, K. Schum., 181; in
Uganda, 118.

lucida, Stapf, 181.

Schumannii, Stapf, 181; in Uganda,
118.

Albizzia brachyealyx, Oliver, 150.

Brownei, Walp., 151; mentioned,
536.

coriaria, Welw., 536.

fastigiata, Oliver, 151.

sp., 442, 485.

'
|
|

INDEX,

Albizzia versicolor, Welw., 150.
Albuea caudata, Jacg., 473; mentioned,
490.

Alchemilla argyrophylla, Oliver, 514.
geranioides, Rolfe * , 514, 539.
ruwenzoriensis, Rolfe * , 514, 580.
Stuhlmannii, Engl., 039.
tenuicaulis, Hook, f., 514.

Alchornea cordifolia, Muell.

213.

Algae, blaze-currents in, 36, 40.

Arg.,

| —— endophytic (Cotton), 288-297.
| Alisma Plantago, Linn., axillary scales,

228, 231, 232, 235 ; fig. expl.,
237.
ranunculoides, Linn., axillary scales,
228, 231 ; fig. expl., 297.
Alismaces, axillary scales, 228; Buch-
enau on, 236.

Allophyllus africanus, Beauv., 136.
lateloliatus Baker f. * , 137.
pseudo-panieulatus, Baker f.*, 137.
stachyanthus, Gilg, 137.
subcoriaceus, Baker f.*, 137,
Welwitschii, Gig, 137.

Aloë Johnstoni, Baker, 225,

Alpine region of Uganda, 117.

Alsodeia Afzelii, Engi., 82.
brachypetala, Turcz., 88.

Dawei, Sprague * , 497.
Johnstonei, Stapf * , 84.
kamerunensis, Engl., 83, 84.
longicuspis, Engl., 497.
prasina, Stapf * , 82.
Whytei, Stapf* , 85.
Alsophila podophylla, Hook., var. pro-
cunbens, Tutcher * , 68.
Alternanthera sessilis, K. Br.,
486.
Althenia filiformis, Petit, Prillieux on,
236.
Amarantacem from
from Uganda, 201.
Amarantus Blitum, Linn., 201.
Amaryllidaceæ from Rhodesia, 473;
from Uganda, 223, 529.
Ambatch (Herminiera) in Sudd, 52, 53,
55.
America, Carex in (Clarke), 2.
Ammannia baccifera, Linn., 154.
Ampelideæ from Uganda, 135.
Ampelocissus Chantinii, Planch., 541.
gracilipes, Stapf * , 90.
salmonea, Planch., 90,
Amphidoxa filaginea, Fical. § Hiern,
315.

Anacardiaces from Rhodesia, 436; from
Uganda, 139.

Anaphrenium pulcherrimum, Schweinf.,
139.

Ancylanthos fulgidus, Welw., 309.

465,

Rhodesia, 465;

INDEX.

Andropogon eucomus, Nees, 479.
filipendulus, Hochst., 542,
hirtus, Linn., 479.
8p., (pls. 18, 20) 494.
Androsiphonia, Stapf * , 101.
adenostegia, Stapf * , 101.
Aneilema beninense, Kunth, 226.
Anglo-German Uganda Boundary Com-
mission, plants coll. by, 116-227.
Angola, Pogge's coll. from, 299,
Anisopappus africanus, Oliver § Hiern,
170.

Ankole, its vegetation, 535.

Anogeissus leiocarpa, Guill. & Perr.,
543.

Anona senegalensis, Pers., 429; habit
of, 447 ; hurried fl., 400; mentioned,
at Buyaga, 540.

Anonacem from Rhodesia, 428; from
Uganda, 120.

Ansellia africana, Lindl., 471.

Authocleista inermis, agl., 186.

iusulana, S. Moore * , 186.

Anthospermum ciliare, Linn., 447 ; men- |

tioned, 427, 490,
lanceolatum, Hiern, 104.
lanceolatum, Thunb., 447.
Antiaris toxicaria, Leschen., 214; men-
tioned, 534, 542.
Antidesma membranaceum, var. molle,
Muell. Arg., 211.
Apetale frum Uganda, 201.
Apis mellifera, race Adansoni, 543.
Apium australe, 7Aou., 242 ; mentioned,

240

Apocynacer from Rhodesia, 453; from |

Uganda, 179, 526.
Apodytes beninense, Hook. f., 134.
Aponogeton, Linn. f., 230.
distachyon, Thunb., axillary scaies,
228, 230; Dutailly on, 236,
vallisnerioides, Baker, 226.
Aponogetonacese, axillary scales, 2 24,

547

| Asclepias denticulata, Schlechter, 184.
| fruticosa, Linn., 453.
glaucophylla, Schlechter, 184; men-
tioned, 536.

macrantha, Hochst, 184; men-
| tioned, 536.
| Phillipsiæ, N. E. Br., 184.
tenuifolia, N. E. Br., 453; men-

tioned, 491,
Ascophyllum, Stackh.,
in, 36.
Asia, Roses in (Baker), 79.
Asparagus Buchanani, Baker, 225.
faleatus, Linn., 225.
| laricinus, Burch., 473.
Aspidium capense, Willd., 248.
coriaceum, Sw., 248.
Asplenium alvarezense, Rud. Br.*,
endemic, 211.
crassum, Thou., 247.
furcatum, Thunb., 481.
obliquum, Forst., 247.
Ruta-muraria, Linn., 248.
Association, competitive, 347.
complementary, 345, 348.
Associations at Victoria Falls, 484.
Astrochlæna malvacea, Ha/lier f., var
epedunculata, Rendle * , 456.
Asystasia, Blume, 196.
africana, O. B. Clarke, 195.
coromandeliana, Nees, 57, 461,
486.
Athanasia oligocephala, DC., 323.
Atroxima, Stapf * , 85; distrib., 81,
Afzeliana, Stapf * , 86.
liberiea, Stapf * , 5D.
macrostachya, Stapf * , 86.
Zenkeri, Stapf * , 86.
Auerswald Herb. now at British Mu-
seum, 290, 323, 325.
| Axillary ecales of aquatie Monocotyle-
| dons (Gibson), 228-237.
Azolla nilotica, Deene., 52, 58, DT.

blaze-currents

247 ;

Apparatus for electric currents in plants |

(Waller), 33.
Aptosimum lineare, Marl.
456.

& Engl.,

Aquatic Monocotyledons, their axillary |

scales (Gibson), 228-237.
Araliacez from Rhodesia, 446.
Aristea Johnstoniana, Rendle, 2 223.

Aristolochia Th waitesii, Hook. f., from |

Hongkong, 66.
Artabotrys brachypetala, Benth., 428.
sp., 121.
stenopetala, Engl., mentioned, 121.
Arum maculatum, Linn., competing
with Scilla, 342.
Arundinaria alpina, K. Schum., 538.
Asclepiadeæ from Rhodesia, 403 ; from
Uganda, 182.

Bagshawe, Dr. A. G., coll. by, 116.
Bahr-el-Jebel, Sudd near, 51.
Baikiaea Eminii, Taub., 149, 534.
Baissea tenuiloba, Stapf, 182;
Uganda, 118.
Balanites ægyptiaca, Del., 541.
507.
Wilsoniana, Dawe & Sprague *
506; mentioned, 507, 537, 540,
541.
Balanophoree from Uganda, 209.
Balsamina amoena, Wall., 26.
rosmarinifolia, DC., 26.
Balsamocitrus, Stapf*, 504;
tioned, 541.

| Dawei, Stapf * , 505, (pl. 22) 541.

in

men-

548

Balsamodendron sp., (pl. 17) 494; men-
tioned, 485.
Bamboos on Ruwenzori, 538.
Banksianz (Rose), il, 73.
Baphia polygalacea, Baker, 148.
Radcliffei, Baker J.*, 147.
Bari, its vegetation, 543.
Barleria opaca, Nees, 196; in Uganda,
118.
Barteria acuminata, Boker f., 155.
nigritana, Hook. f., 156.
Barumba, plants coll. at, 116.
Bauhinia, Linn., 256; in fruit, 485.
fassoglensis, Kotschy, 541.
reticulata, DC., 540.
Beans, bicarpellary (Drabble), 17-21.
Beech, dominant, 350; in woods, 337,
338, 342, 347.
Bees hived in Ficus Syeomorus, 543,
Begonia auriculatum, Hook. f., 104.
Eminii, Warb., 156.
Scutulum, Hook. f., 103.
Simii, Stapf * , 104.
Whytei, Stapf* , 103.
Begoniacew from Ugai da, 156,
Beilschmiedia elata, 8. Eliot, 111.
fruticosa, Engl., 203.
fruticosa, Engl., 111.
guboonensis, Hook. f., 112.
Mannii, Hook. f., 111.
minutiflora, Hook. f., 111.
nitida, Engl., 111.
obscura, Engl., 112.
Preussii, Engl., 111.
sessilifolia, Engl., 111.
Siaudtii, Engl., 111.
ugandensis, Rendle * , 203.
Zenkeri, Engl., 111.
Bembycodium Athanasiwm, Kunze, 323,
329.

Bergia decumbens, Planch., 430; men-

tioned, 490.
Bersama Holstii, Giirke, 139.
leiostegia, S/apf* , 92.
maxima, Baker, 512.
paullinicides, Baker, 92, 139.
ugandensis, Sprague * , 512; men-
tioned, 535.
Betula verrucosa, Ehrh., abundant in

|
|

Heather zone, 361, 395; dominant, |

5350 ; found buried, 358.
Bibliography of T. W. Woodhead's
paper, 599—404.
Miss Gibbs on Rhodesia, 493.
Bicarpellary beans (Drabble), 17-21.
Bidens ambiguus, S. Moore * , 822.
croceus, Welw., var. verruciferus,
S. Moore * , 322.
lineariloba, Oliver § Hiern, 322.
Bignoniacez from Uganda, 193.
Bilberry, see Vaccinium Myrtillus.

INDEX.

Binsambwe, 128.

Biota, see Thuya,

Birch, a dominant tree, 350, 395; found

buried, 358.
Birks Wood, maps of, 338-342.
Bixacex from Rhodesia, 429; from
Uganda, 123.
Blaze-currents in plants (Waller), 32-
50.
Blepharis cristata, S. Moore * , 194.
Blepharispermum pubescens, S. Moore*,
168.
spinulosum, Oliver § Hiern, 169.

Bluebell, see Scilla festalis.

Blumea gariepina, DC., 449, 490.
lacera, DC., 168, 449.

Boerhavia dichotoma, Vahl, 201.
plumbaginea, Cav., 201.

Bolusanthus speciosus, Harms, 439 ;

in flower, 484.

Bombax buonopozensis, Beauv., 500.
buonopozensis, Hiern, 501.
reflexum, Sprague * , 500, 540.

Bonatea Kayseri, Ho/fe, 222.

Boottia scabra, Benth., 56.

Bor, Sudd near, 54.

Boraginacez from Rhodesia, 455 ; from

Uganda, 187, 527.
Borassus flabellifer, Linn., 53, 58.
- var. æthiopica, Warb., 58,
537, 543, 544; characteristic of
East African region, 117.

Boscia salicifolia, Oliver, 122.

Botanic regions of Uganda, 117.

Brachycorythis pubescens, Harv., 221.

Brachylæna huillensis, O, Hoffm., 448.
rhodesiana, S. Moore, 448, 492.
rotundata, 5. Moore, 448.

Brachystegia appendiculata,

440 ; in flower, 485.
sp., 492.

Bracken, see Pteris aquilina,

Bracteatæ (Rosa), 71, 73.

Brassia Willdenovii, Boiss., 121.

Brayera anthelmintica, Kunth., 538.

Brevispiez, series or group of Carex,

Benth.,

, 4.
Bridelia Balansm, Tutcher * , 66.
micrantha, baill., 211.
tomentosa, Blume, 66.
Britain, Œcology in, 335.
British India, Carex in (Clarke), 2.
Brongniartella byssvides, Bory, host of
Streblonema, 295, 296,
Prown pigment in exposed leaves, 388.
Bryum albicans, Brid., 264.

sp. ?, 264.

Waklenburgit, Schwaegr., 254.
Buchanan, John, African coll., 298.
Buchnera pulchra, Skan * , 100.
Duddu, its vegetation, 588.

INDEX.

Bugogwa, 529.

Bulbine asphodeloides, Schult. f., 225.
Bulbs of Scilla, 382.

Buphane disticha, Herb., 473, 490.

Burkea africana, Hook., 411; in flower, |

485.

Durseracez from Rhodesia, 435 ; from |

Uganda, 131.
Busiro, its vegetation, 533.

Butomace:z, axillary scales, 229 ; Buch- |

enau on, 230.
Butomus umbellatus, Linn., axillary
scales, 229, 232.
Butyrospermum Parkii, Kotschy, 542,
544.
Buvima, plants from, 116, 117.
Buyaga, its vegetation, 540.
Byrsoewpus coccineus,
Thonn., var. B, 437.
— var. parviflorus,
486.
parvifolius, Planch., 437.

Schum. d

Gibbs * ,

Cadaba farinosa. Forsk., 122.
Cajanus indicus, Spreng. in Acholi,
543.
Callitris, Vent., distinct from Wid-
dringtonia, 267 ; species referred
to Widdrinztonia, 268.
arborea, Schrad., 269, 273.
Commersonii, Dur. & Schinz, 274.
cupressoides, Schrad., 270, 274.
Juniperoides, Dur. & Schinz, 274.
robusta, 22, Br., 332,
Sehwarzii, Marloth, 269, 274.
Calluna and Eriophorum, antagonistic,
308.
Calluna Erica, DC,
Vaccinium, 387, 596; covers large
areas, 390; in Armitage Wood, 347 ;

companion of

in Birks Wood, 343; its limit, 365; |

mentioned, 341; on Coal-Measure

area, 362; on Heather zone, 359;

on Millstone-Grit, 355.
Calostephaue divaricata, Benth., 322.
Camellia assimilis, Champ., mentioned,

Banksiana, Lindl., 63.

Crapnelliana, Zwtcher * , 63.

reticulata, Lindl., 63.
Cameroons, Zenker’s coll. from, 299.

Campanulacee from Rhodesia, 451; |

from Uganda, 175.
Canarium Schweinfurthii, Eng., 131;
mentioned, 534.
Canavalia ensiformis, DC., 57.
Canellacez from Uganda, 498.
Canine (Rose), 71, 76.
Canscora Kirkii, N. E. Br., 455, 487.
Canthium abbreviatum,
308, 417 ; flowering, 490.

S. Moore*, |

Canthium golungense, Hiern, var,
parviflora, S. Moore * , 161.
hispidum, Benth., 161.
lactescens, Hiern, var. grandifolia,
S. Moore * , 161.
lanciflorum, Hiern, 308.
loandense, S. Moor: * , 307.
opimum, S. Moore * , 308.
Schimperianum, Æ. Rich., 161.
Cape Characex (Groves), 285-287.
Capparidacezg from Rhodesia, 429;
from Uganda, 121.
Capparis Afzelii, Paz, distrib , 118.
var. buvumensis, Laker f.*,
123.
erythrocarpos, Zsert, 122.
micrantha, Rich. 57.
Rothii, Oliver, 57, 122.
spinosa, Linn., 122.
tomentosa, Lam., 59, 122,
mentioned, 486, 536.
Carandas edulis, Hiern, 180.
Carapa grandiflora, Sprague*, 507
536.
Cardiospermum
436.
grandiflorum, Sw., var. elegans
Hiern, 135.
Carduus leptacanthus, Fres.,
nyassana, S, Moore * , 326.
var, Steudneri, Engl., 326.
Carex, Dill., species in Malaya (Clarke),
1-10.
alta, Bootf, 6.
arridens, Hook. f., 13.
baccans, Nees, 14.
var. B. siccifructus,
Clarke, 114.
Balansai, Franch., 16.
baviensis, Franch., 16.
bengalensis, Roxb., 9.
var, B. virgata, Boeck., 10.
var, y. scaherrima, Boeck., 10.
bengalensis, Thwaites, 8.
benghalensis, Boott, 9;
views of, 2.
borneensis, C. B. Clarke * , 14.
brevieulmis, A. Br., 16.
Brizopyrum, Kunze, 6.
Bruceana, Boott, 9.
Bruceana, Boott MS, *, 11.
brunnea, Thunb., 5.
cespitosa, R. Br., 6.
canaliculata, Boott MS. * , 9.
capillacea, Boote, 7.
capitellata, Boiss., 7.
capitulata, Boott: MS. * , 12.
cernua, Boott, 6.
composita, Boott, 14.
condensata, Boott, 10.
condensata, Franch., 9.

29;

Corindum, Linn,

var.

C. B.

Boott's

550 INDEX.

Carex confertiflora, Boott, 15. | Carex madoerensis, C. B. Clarke * , 14.
continua, C. B. Clarke, 11. | malaccensis, C. B. Clarke, 9.
contracta, F. Muell., 6. | Maximowiczii, Miq., 7.
cruciata, Thwaites, 11. i Milnei, Boott MS., 8.
cruciata, Wahlenb., 9. Moritzti, Steud., 8.

var. 6. argocarpus, C. B. nana, Boott, mentioned, 7.

Clarke, 9. | neo-guinensis, C. B. Clarke * , 12.
eryptostachys, Brongn., 8. | nubigena, D. Don, 5.
Cumingiana, Steud., 12. var. f. fallax, C. B. Clarke * ,
Cumingii, Vidal, 11. | 5.
curvirostris, Kunze, 14. olivacea, Boot, 15.
decore affinis, Boott, 13. outukensis, Franch. § Sav., men-
Dietrichiæ, Boeck., 8. tioned, 7.
dimorpholepis, Steud., 7. oxyphylla, Franch., 15.
discoidea, Boott, 16. | peduncularis, Wall., 14.
dispar, Boott MS., 8. perakensis, C. B. Clarke, 9.
Jallax, Steud., 5. phacodes, Spreng., 6; note on, 7
J'ascicularis, Boott, 16. phacota, Franch., 6.
Jibrata, Vidal, 11. | picta, Boott, 7.
filicina, Nees, 11. | platycarpa, Steud., 6.
Jilicina, Stapf, 12. | pruinosa, Boott, 7.
Jissilis, Boott MS. * , 8. | var. B. picta, Boott, 7.
Jissilis, Benth., 11. | Pseudocyperus, Linn., 16.
J'uirenoides, Boott, 8. | varr, Haenkeana& platygluma,
fuirenoides, Gaudich., 11. | mentioned, 16.
fusiformis, Stapf, 14. pterolepta, Franch., 5.

|
Gaudichaudiana, Kunth, 6. | puberula, Boott, 16.
gembolensis, C. B. Clarke*,10. | Rafflesiana, Z/oott, 10.
var, timorensis, C, B. Clarke*, | var, tenuior, C. B. Clarke *,

10. 10.
glaucescens, Boott, 7. | Rafflesiana, Boott MS.*, 10.
glaucescens, Elliott, with bifid and | rara, Boott, 7.
trifid style, 3. | recurvirostris, Steud., 14.
Graefleana, Boeck., 5. remota, Lian., 6.
yrammocarpa, Spreng., 14. var. B. Rochebruni, C. B.
Havilandi, C. B. Clarke * , 13. Clarke, 6.
hirta, Boiss., 16. repanda, C. B. Clarke, 9.
Horsfieldii, Boott, 11. var. B. implumis, C. B.
ly psophila, Miq., 13, Clarke * , 9.
hypsophila, Stapf, 13. rhizomatosa, Steud., 12.
indica, Boott, 8. Itoyleana, Nees, 16.
indica, Linn., 8. rubro-brunea, Franch., 7.
forma altera, Hook. f., 9. saturata, C. B. Clarke * , 12.
— var. bengalensis, F. Muell., | scaberrima, C. B. Clarke * , 10.
11. | scaposa, Hook. f., T.
var. læte-brunnea, C. B. | -— var, (d. baviensis, Franch., 8.
Clarke, 8. | simplicissima, F. Muell., 7.
: var. Milnei, C. B. Clarke, 8. spatiosa, Boott, 12.
var. B, Boott, 8. | — — var. bogorensis, C. B. Clarke*,
indica, Miq., 12. | 12.
indica, Munro, 9. | speciosa, Kunth, 14.
instabilis, Boott MS.*, 15. stramentitia, Boeck., 9.
Jackiana, Boott, 15. | stramentitia, Franch., 9.
- var, B. minor, Boott, 15. | sumatrensis, C, B. Clarke * , 13.
Langsdorfii, Boott, 16. | tartarea, Ridl., 13.
lenticularis, D. Don, 6; note on, 7. | Thomsoni, Boott, 5.
leucochlora, Bunge, 16. | Thwaitesii, Boott MS.*, 8.
lobolepis, F. Muell., 6. tonkinensis, Franch., 14.
Loheri, C. B. Clarke * , 14. | tumida, Boott, 16.
longi-aristata, Kurz, 8. | turrita, C. B. Clarke * , 18.

longibracteata, Steud., 15. | vacua, Boeck., 9.

INDEX.

Carex vacua, Boott, 10.
valida, Nees, 9.
vesiculosa, Boott MS.*, 10.
virgata, Miq,, 10.
vulgaris, var. Gaudichaudiana,
Boott, 6.
Wallichiana, Nees, 16.

Caricandra, subgen. of Carex, 2, 4;

species in, 7.
Caricimia, subgen., 3; species in, 7.
Carissa edulis, Vah, 535.
Carpels of French bean, 17.
Carpolobia, G. Don, 85.
Afzeliana, Oliver, 86.

alba, D. Don, 86; in Uganda, 124. —

lutea, D. Don, 86.
macrostachya, Chod., 85, 86.
Zenkeri, Gürke * , 86.
Caryophyllacex from Uganda, 124.
Castanopsis Eyrei, Tufcher * , 68.
Cassia didymobotrya, Fres., 148.
Falcinella, Oliver, 148.
goratensis, Fres., 542.
granitica, Baker f., 440.
Granti, Oliver, 148.
mimosoides, Linn., 148, 440.
Sieberiana, DC., 541, 544.
Cassipourea cæsia, Stapf * , 97.
parvifolia, Stapf * , 97.
Celastrinez from Rhodesia, 436; from
Uganda, 134.
Celsia brevipedicellata, Eng/., 189.
Celtis integrifolia, Lam., 58.
Soyauxii, Engil., 541.
Centaurea rhizocephala, Oliver §- Hiern,
326.
Cephalotaxus drupacea, Sich, § Zucc.,412.
Fortunei, Hook., 413.
——- var. concolor, Franch., 413.
Griffithii, Hook, f., 414.
Mannii, Hook, f., 413.
Oliveri, Mast., 413.
pedunculata, Sieb. $ Zucc., 414.
Ceramium, Lyngb., 291, 293, 294.
Cerastium africanum, Oliver, 124.
Ceratophyllum sp., 53, 56.
Ceratotheca triloba, Æ. Mey., 458;
mentioned, 490.
Cernuze, series of Carex, 3.
Ceropegia debilis, N. E. Br., 186.
tenuissima, S. Moore * , 185.
Chetacanthus Persoonii, Nees, 194;
distrib., 119.
Chailletiaceze from Uganda, 133.
Chamecyparis, see Cupressus.
Champia parvula, Harv., host of a
Streblonema, 297.
Chara aspera, Willd., 286.
capensis, Kuetz., 287.
fragilis, Desv., from the Cape, 285.
286.

c
Ci
I

Chara Kraussii, Kuetz., 286, 287.
pheochiton, A. Br., 287.
stachymorpha, Ganter., 286, 287.
—— var. stachymorpha, A. Br.,

287.
tanyglochis, Groves fratt. * , 286.
vulgaris, Linn., from the Cape,
285, 286.
Characez from the Cape (Groves), 285-
287; from Rhodesia, 483.

Chasalia macrodiseus, K. Schum., 164.

Cheilanthes farinosa, Kau/f., 480, 488.
hirta, Sw., 480.
multifida, Sw., 480.

China, Carex in (Clarke), 2.

Conifers of (Masters), 410—424.
new species of plants from
(Tutcher), 58-10.
Chinese Conifers (Masters), 410—424.
Chisocheton hongkongensis, Tetcher * ,
M

patens, Blume, 64.
Chlorophora excelsa, Benth, §& Hook. f.s
534, 541.
Chlorophycese, endophytic, 288.
Chomelia «ffiiis, K. Schum., 158.
flavo-fusea, K. Schum., 302.
Chongwe, native name of Victoria Falls,

40.
Chrysophyllum albidum, Œ. Don, 537.
Stuhlmanni, Engi., 178.
Chylocladia, Grev., 294.
Cineraria alchemilloides, DC., 323.
Cinnamomeæ (Rose), 71, 73.
Cissampelos Pareira, Linn., 429.
var. mucronata, Engl. ?, 429.
mucronata, A. Rich., 429.
Cissus adenoraulis, Steud., 135.
arguta, Hook, f., 135.
quadrangularis, Linn., 135.
Cladanthæ, §, S. Moore * , 307.
Cladonia squamosa, Hoffm., 266.
Claoxylon africanum, Muell, Arg., 213;
distrib., 118.
Clarke, C. B., determ. Scirpi of Gough
Island, 244.
Clausena anisata, Hook. f., 131.
var. multijuga, Welw., 131;
distrib., 118.
Cleidion javanicum, Blume, from Hong-
kong, 67.
Cleistanthus angolensis, Mwell. Arg.
113.
liberica, N. E. Br. *, 113.
Clematis orientalis, Lina., 119.
var, y. Thunbergii, O. Kuntze,
1138.
var. e. Wightiana, O. Kuntze,
119.

9

pa
[219 Peay

Clematis Stuhlmanni, Hieron., 119.
Cleome hirta, Oliver, 121.
monophylla, Linn., 121.
— — sp., 53, 58.
Olerodendron capitatum,
Thonn., 198. |
cordifolium, A. Rich., 541. |
myricoides, 2. Br., 464, 491. |
|
|
|

Schum. &

neriifolium, Vahl, 53, 58.
Preussii, 6 ürke, 198.
rotundifolium, Oliver, 198,
8p., 09, 58.
yaundense, Gürke,
tioned, 53. 58.
Clitandra eymulosa, Benth., 180; in
Uganda, 113.
Cloudberry, 858.
Cluytia abyssinica, Jaub. d Spach,
919
Coal- Measure Area, its vegetation, 355,
302, 595. |
—— — special plants in, 336, |
Coffea divaricata, K. Sedi, 108.
ligustrifolia, Séapf*, LOY,
melanocarpa, Hiern, 108.
nudiflora, Stapf * , 108.
rupestris, Hiern, 109.
scandens, K. Schum., 109.
Cola cordifolia, 2, Br., 536, 537.
Coleus umbrosus, Vatke, 200.
Colocasia antiquorum, Schott, 538.
Colpoon compressum, Berg, 468.
Combretacee from Rhodesia,
from Uganda, 152, 516.
Combretum, Linn., in fruit, 485. |
aculeatum, Vent., mentioned, 57. |
buyumense, Baker f. * , 152. |
longispicatum, Fugl, 444. |
Oatesit, Rolfe, 443. |
paniculata, Vent., 152. |
quangense, Langl. § Diels, 444. |
rüodesicum, Laker f, 443.
splendens, Engl., 152. |
|
|
|

198 ;

men-

442; |

sp., 97, 443.
taitense, Fagl., 443.
Zeyheri, Sound., 445.

Commelina nudiflora, Linn., 57, 474.

var., 57.

Commelinaceæ from Rhodesia, 474;
from Uganda, 226. |

Coniniphcra, Jacq., 485. |

africana, Fugl., 13.
sp., 435, (pl. 19) 494.

Competitive Association, 847, 307.

Complementary Association, 345, 348, |
2U6.

Composite, African (Moore), 311-329 ; |
from Rhodesia, 447; from Uganda, |
164, 521: in Hongkong, 60. |

Conifers, Chinese (Masters), 410—424 ; |
found in Yorkshire woods, 388, 350.

INDEX.

Connarace from Rhodesia, 437; from
Uganda, 140.
Connarus floribundus,
Thonn., 93, 94.
liberieus, Stapf * , 93.
Reynoldsii. Stapf* , 94.
Conostomium, Stapf*, sect. nov. gen.
Oldeulandis, 517.
Convolvulacez from Rhodesia, 455;
from Uganda, 189,
Copaifera coleosperma, Benth., 441;
in fruit, 485.
Mopane, J. Kirk, 441.

Corchorus hirsutus, Linn., 438.
mucilagineus, Gibbs * , 433,
serrzefolius, Burch., 433.

Cordia abyssinica, R. Br., 57, 527, 536,

541.
fragrantissima, Kurz, 952,
Holstii, Giirke, 527.
sp., 455.
subopposita, DC., 57.
unyorensis, Stapf * ,
tioned, 541,

Coreopsis arenicolor, S. Moore * , 170.

Cornus Volkensii, Harms, 538.

Cotton-culture near Hongkong, 62.

Cotton-Grass zone, 357.

Cotula coronopifolia, Linn., 241 (mispr.

coronifolia).
goughensis, Rud. Br.*,
(pl. 9) 250: endemic, 241.
integrifolia, Hook. f., 243.
Moseleyi, Hemsl., 243.
Cow-Parsnip, see Heracleum.
Crassocephalum auriforme, S. Moore * ,
lil
diversifolium, Hiern, 171.
—— var. crepidioides, Hiern, the
host of Orobauche minor, Sutt.,
193.
ruwenzoriense, S. Moore, 171, 172;
mentioned, 118,

Crassula sp., 491.

Crassulace from Uganda, 151.

Crategus, buried wood found, 358.

Crateva Adansonii, DC., 542,
religiosa, Forst., 53, 54, 57.

Craterispermum — brachynematum,

Hiern, 162; in Uganda, 118,
laurinum, Benth., 300.
Schweinfurthii, Hiern, 162,

Craterostigma plantagineum, Hochst.,

190.

Creeping Soft Grass, see Holeus mollis.

Crepis bumbensis, Hiern, 328.

Crinum Thruppii, Baker, 22:

Schum. §

527;

; men-

242 ;

223.
Crossandra guineensis, Nees, 105.
Crossop'eryx Kosenyana, Fenzl, 542,
Crotalaria adenocarpoides, Taub., 140,
argyrolobioides, Baker, 140.

INDEX.

Crotalaria cephalotes, Steud., 141. |
distans, Benih.. 438.
flavicarinata, Baker f. * , 487, 486.
imperialis, Taub., 140.
lanceolata, E. Mey., 141.
sp., 141.

Croton barotsensis, Gibbs * , 469, 486.
dispar, N. E. Br. * , 113.
gratissimus, Burch., 460; men-

tioned, 425, 427 ; the host of a
Loranthus, 468.
macrostachys, A, /ich., 118, 211,
470.
zambesicus, Muell. Arg., 537.
Crotogyne caterviflora, N. E. Br.*,
114

Mannianz, Muell. Arg., 114.
Cruciatz group of Carex, 4.
Cruciferze from Uganda, 121.
Cryptocarya grandifolia, Engl., 11 1.
Cryptogams of Gough Island, 245-249,
263-267.
Cryptomeria, D. Don, 331.
japonica, D. Don, 413.
Cucurbitacese from Rhodesia,
from Uganda, 156.
Culeasia liberica, N. E. Br. * , 115.
scandens, Zeauv., 115.
Canninghamia, F. Br., 331.
sinensis, Z2. Br., 415.
Cupressus, Linn., species referred to
Widdringtonia, 268.
africana, Mill., 268, 272.
formosensis, Matsum., 412.
funebris, Endl., 412.
Juniperoides, Linn., 268, 272.
sempervirens, Linn., 412.
Currents, electrical, in plants (Waller),
32-50.
Cussonia nata'ensis, Sond., 446.
sp., at Buyaga. 540.
Cyathea Dregei, Kunze, 480; men-
tioned, 538.

446 ;

Cyathula globulifera, Moq.- Tand., 202.
Cyclostemon major, Pax, 211.
ugandensis, Wendie * , 211.
Cyenium adoense, E. Mey., 191.
Cynanchum abyssinicum, Decne., 185.
Cynoglossum lanceolatum, Forsk., 189.
micranthum, Desf., 187.
Cynometra Alexandri, C. H. Wright,
540, 541 ; a gregarious tree, 537.
sp., 534.
Cyperacee from Rhodesia, 477; in

Hongkong, 60.

Cyperus articulatus, Linn., 57.
denudatus, Linn. f., 477. |
dichrostachys, Hochst., 5T.

Haspan, Linn., var. B. americana, |
Boeck., 477; mentioned, 487, |
488. |

553

Cyperus latifolius, Poir., 57.
nudicaulis, Poir., 57.

Papyrus, Linn., in Sudd, 52, 54, 56.
Schimperianus, Schrad., 52, 57.
Cyrtandra benguetiana, Kränel. * , 281.

bicolor, Jack, 279.

chrysea, C. B. Clarke, 277, 281.

cretacea, Krünzl.* , 219.

gracilenta, Krdazl.*, 278; men-
tioned, 275.

hypochrysea, Krdnzl, * , 276.

ilicifolia, Kréinzi. * , 282.

macrodiscus, Krénzl.* , 279.

micrantha, Kránzl. * , 280.

navicellata, Zipp., 278, 279.

oblongifolia, Benth. § Hook. f.,
276.

parviflora, C. B. Clarke, 275 (mispr.
parvifolia), 281, 282.

radiciflora, C. B. Clarke, 278.

reticosa, C. B. Clarke, 277.

rhizantha, Kránzl.*, 277 ;
tioned, 275.

tubiflora, Krdnzl. * , 276.

Cyrtandraceze from Malaya, 275-285.

men-

Dacrydium Bececarii, Parl., 415.
Dactylopetalum ugandense, Stapf, 515;
mentioned, 537.
Mannii, Hook. f., 515.
parvifolium, S. Elliot, 97.
Deemia extensa, 72. Br., 185.
Dalbergia Ecastaphyllum. Tawh., 95.
Jorma trifoliolata, Stapf * ,

94.
Heudelotii, Stapf * , 95.
melanoxylon, Guill. f& Perr., 544.
Monetaria, Heudel., 95.
saxatilis, Hook. f., 147.
ugandensis, Baker f. * , 147.
Darbishire, O. V., Lichens of Gough
Island, 266-269.
Darjeeling, new species of Populus
from (Haines), 407-409.
Date Palms in East African region,
117.
Dawea ugadensis, Sprague, 499.
Dead Nettle, see Lamium,
Deciduous wood plants, 336,
Deinbollia fulvo-tomeniella, Baker f. * ,
197.
insignis, Hook. f., 91, 02, 138.
poly pus, S/apf * , 91, 92.
Delesseria, Lamour., host of endo-
phytic alga, 200, 293.
Delmé-Radeliffe, Lt.-Col.,
lected by, 116.
Denekia espensis, Thunb., 449, 460,
487, 489.
Derbesia Lamourouxii, host of Endo-
derma, 289, 290, 291.

plants col-

554

Deschampsia flexuosa, Trin.. covering
large tracts, 350; distrib, 343;
figures explained, 406; in Heather
zone, 959; map, 342; mentioned,
333, 334, 341, 347, 397; on Coal-
Measure area, 362; on Millstone-
Grit, 355; persistence, 365; structure,
383-385.

Desmodium Scalpe, DC., 144.

Diacanthz (Rose), 71.

Dichapetalum acutifolia, Engl., 133.

buvumense, Baker f. * , 133.

Dichrostachys nutans, Benth., 149, 535.

Dicliptera Melleri, Ro/fe, 462, 490.

Diclis petiolaris, Benth., 456.

Dicoma plantaginifolia, O. Hoffm., 827.

radiata, Less., 327-829.
superba, S. Moore * , 826.
var. angustifolia, S. Moore * ,
326.
Welwitschii, O. Hoffm., 326.

Dicotyledones Gamopetalie of Uganda,
157-201.

——- Polypetale of Uganda (Baker),
119-157.

Dieranella sp. ?, 264.

Dietyandra arborescens, Welw., 158.

|
I

Diego Alvarez, or Gough Island(Brown),

238-250, 263-267.

Dilleniacez from Uganda, 120.

Dimorphism in Æschynanthus, 275,

Dinklage, his collections mentioned,

80.

Diodia angolensis, S. Moore * , 310.
breviseta, Benth., 310.
sarmentosa, Sw., 310.
stipulosa, S. Moore * , 310.

Dicecism in ZEschynanthus, 275.

Dioscorea fulvida, Stapf * , 530.
Quartiniana, A. Rich., 224.
Schimperiana, Hochst., 530.

Dioscoriacez froin Uganda, 224, 530.

Diphaca trichocarpa, Taub., 143.

Diplorrhynchus mossambicensis, Bent,

453; in flower, 484.

Disa erubescens, Pendle, 222 ;

222; distrib.,
ochrostachya, Reichb. f. 222; in
Uganda, 118.
var. major, Rendle * , 222,
Stairsil, Kráuz£., 223.
stolonisera, Renale * , 222.
Discopodium penninervium, Hochst.,
188.

Disperis nemorosa, Rendle, 538.
Disperma dentata, C. B. Clarke, 461.
trichocalyx, Lindau, 194.
viscidissimum, S, Moore * , 460.
Dissotis Irvingiana, Hook. f., 153.
minor, Gig, 153.
paucistellata, Stapf * , 99.

INDEX.

Dissotis petiolata, Hook. f., 99.
Distribution of plants, Watsor's ideas,
385 ; of Rosa (Baker), 79.

Dod, Major, cf. Wolley-Dod.

Dodonæa viscosa, Jacq., 138.

Dog's Mereury, see Mercurialis perennis.

Dolichandrone platycalyx, Baker, 537,

540.

Dombeya auriculata, K. Schum., 501.
Bagshawei, Baker f. * , 127.
Dawei, Sprague * , 501; mentioned,

294.
densiflora, Planch., mentioned, 482,
Mastersii, Hook. f., 126.
Mukole, Sprague *, 502; men-
tioned, 585.
multiflora, Planch., war. vestita,
542.
pedunculata, K. Schum., 127.
reticulata, Mast.. 127.
rotundifolia, Harv., 432;
tioned, 425.
runsorensis, K. Schum, 538.
umbraculifera, K. Schum., 502.
Dopatrium Dortinanna, S. Moore * ,
189.
senegalense, Benth., 189.
stachytarphetoides, Engl. §& Gilg,
89.

Dracena bicolor, Hook., 115.
prolata, C. W. Wright * , 115,
reflexa, Lam., 538.

Steudneri, Engl., 225.

Drymaria cordata, Willd., 194.

Duckweed, blaze-current, 39.

Dunnia, Tuteher * , 69.
sinensis, Z'utcher * , 70.

Duranta Plumieri, Jacq., 463.

Duvera, 922,

Dyschoriste Perrottetii, O. Kuntze, 460;

mentioned, 427, 488.

men-

Ebenacez from Rhodesia, 453; from
Uganda, 525.

Echangarabom, 224.

Echinops amplexicaulis, Oliver, 174,
brevisetus, S. Moore * , 174.
cham:ecephalus, Hochst., 175.
giganteus, A. Rich., 175.
longifolius, 4. Kich., 544,

Ecologie nomenclature, 865.

Ee logy, see CEcology.

Ectocarpus Zanardinii, Crouan, 296,

207.

Ectochzta, § Endoderma, 289.

Ehretia angolensis, Baker, 187.
hottentotica, Burch., 455.
sylvatica, Giirke, 537.

Ekebergia complanata, Baker f. * , 132.
Petitiana, A. Rich., var. australis,

Baker f. * , 133.

INDEX.

Ekebergia senegalensis, A. Juss., 132.
var. coriacea, C. DC., 132.
Elæis guineensis, Jacq., 540.
Elæodendron æthiopicum, Oliver, 135.
Elatinaceæ from Rhodesia, 430.
Electric currents in plants (Waller), |
32-50. |
Eleocharis capitata, R. Br., 477, 488. |
Elephantopus Welwitschii, Hiern, 314. |
Elephantorrhiza Burkii, Benth., 491.
Petersiana, Bolle, 441.
rubescens, Gibbs*, 441;
tioned, 428,
Eleusine coracana, Gaertn., in Acholi,
543.
Elliot, G. F. S., African collections,
117, 298.
Elm, dominant, 350; in woods, 337,
338, 342, 347.
Emilia debilis, S. Moore * , 172.
Emmenopterys, Oliver, 69.
Empetrum medium, Carm., 243.
nigrum, Linn., on Moss Moor, 354,

men-

358.
var. rubrum, Hemsl., 240,
243.
rubrum, Vahl, 243.
Endoderma, Lagerh., endophytic, 288.

gracile, De Toni, 293.
Jadinianum, Huber, 292 (mispr.
Jardinianum),
leptoehzete, Huber, 291.
viride, Lagerh., 288, 291, 297.
Jorma Nitophylli, 293.
Endophytie alge (Cotton), 288-297.
Knhydra fluctuans, Lour., 57.
Ennearrhena, $ Afrodaphnes, Stap/* ,
111.
Entada abyssinica, Steud., 149.
Zute erungu, 131.
Entocladia, $ Endoderma, 289.
Entocladia viride, Reinke, 289.
Wittrockii, Wille, 289.
Entonema intestinum, Reinsch, 295.
Environment as affecting structure,
3606.
Epaltes gariepina, Sfcetz, 449; men-
tioned, 490.
Ephedranthe §, S. Moore * , 307.
Epilobium hirsutuin, Linn., 154.
Epipactis africana, Rendle, 538. |
Erianthus junceus, Stapf, 478.
teretifolius, Stapf*, 478; men-
tioned, 428. j
Erica arborea, Linn., 538, 539.
cinerea, Linn., on shaly slopes, |
362. |
Tetralix, Linn., 362.
Ericaceæ from Uganda, 176.
Ericaceous plants, on the west of the
Millstone-Grit area, 354.

555

Erieinella Mannii, Hook, f., 588.
Eriocaulacez from Rhodesia, 474.
Eriocaulon amphibium, Rendle * , 475.
lacteum, Rend/e, 475, 476.
matopense, Rendle *, 475; men-
tioned, 489.
subulatum, VN. E. Br., 474; men-
tioned, 487.
Eriocælum pendulum, Stapf * , 91.
racemosum, Baker, 91.

Eriophorum and Calluna antagonistic,

358.
Eriophorum angustifolium, Koč, on
Moss Moor, 354, 358.
vaginatum, Linn., dominating. 358,
895; on Moss Moor, 354, 357;
displacing Vaccinium, 387.

| Eriosema glomeratum, Hook. f., 146.

montanum, Buker f., 146.
Erlangea Bagshawei, S. Moore * , 146.
centauroides, S. Moore, 311.
Schimperi, S. Moore, 165.
Schinzii, O Hoffm., 447; men-
tioned, 427, 486.
ugandensis, S. Moore * , 165.
Erythrina Bagshawei, Baker f.*,
145.
Brucei, Schweinf., 145.
latissima, Æ. Mey., 439; mentioned,
425.
tomentosa, R. Br., 145; mentioned,
535. 541.
Erythrococea aculeata, Benth., var.
acutissiina, N. E. Br. * , 114.
bongensis, Par, 212.
Paxiü, Rendle*, 212, (pl.
227.

3)

— Evythrodanum alsineforme, Thou., 242,
Erythrophleum guineense, G. Don,

541.
Kthulia conyzoides, Linn., 57.
Euclea devinorum, Hiern, 453.
Kellau, Hochst., 525.
latidens, Stapf * , 525.
multiflora, Hiern, 453.
Eugenia bukobensis, Engl., 153.
callophylloides, DC., 98.
cordata, M. A. Laws., 153; domi-
nant in Rain Forest, 484; forma:
tion, 487, (pl. 17) 494.
guineensis, Baill., 153; dominant
about Victoria Falls, 484; forma-
tion, 485.
owariensis, Beauv., 584.
sp., 153.
Whytei, Stapf * , 98.
Eulophia dichroma, Rolfe, 215; in
Uganda, 118.
missionis, Rendle, 215; distrib.,
119.
subulata, Rendle, 215,

556

Euphorbia angularis, K/ofzsch, 491,

(pl. 19) 494. |

antiquorum, Linn., 535, 536.

benguellensis, Par, 468; men-
tioned, 427, 490,

Candelabrum, Trém., 53, 58.

cuneata, Vahl, 468.

Gürichiana, Pax, 468.

matabelensis, Pax, 468; mentioned,
428. |

Marlothii, Pax, 210.

Monteiri, Hook. f., 210.

Mulemæ, Rendle * , 209.
Reinhardtii, Folkens, 485, 491.
Euphorbiaceæ from Rhodesia, 468;

from Uganda, 209,
Europe, Roses in (Baker), 79.
Eurya japonica, Thunb., evil scent of
its flowers, 61.
Macartneyi, Champ., mentioned, |
‘Ol.
Euvignea, subgen., 3; species in, 6, |
Evolvulus alsinoides, Linn., 189.
Eyles, F., his African coll., 209.

Factors of Huddersfield vegetation
summarised, 395-398.

Fadogia stenophylla, Welw., 309.

Fagus sylvatica, Linn., dominant, 350;
in woods, 337.

Faurea saligna, Harv., 466, 492, (pl. 18)
494, 536.

Felicia barbellata, S. Moore * , 814.

Ferns, blaze-currents in, 38, 39; in
Gough Island, 240; in Hongkong, |
60.

Festuca ovina, Linn., 359, 383.

Ficvideæ from Rhodesia, 446;
Uganda, 156.

Ficus altissima, Blume, 67. |
capræfolia, Del., 58. |
cyathistipula, Warb., 213. |
exasperata, Vahl, 213.

|
|
|

from

infe toria, Zeoxb., 67.
lutea, Vahi, 471; mentioned, 492.
Sonderi, Mig., 470.
sp., 486, (pls. 17, 20) 494.
Sycomorus, Linn., 54, 58, 541;
bees hived in, 542. |
Figures to T. W. Woodhead's paper,
404-406. |
Filicinæ group of Carex, 4. |
Fir-wood found in peat, 358. |
Flabelluria paniculata, Cav., var. mollis,
Engi V2, |
Flacourtiacege from Uganda, 500. |
Flahault on ecology, 336, |
|

Floscopa glomerata, Hassk., 474, 486, |

458. |
Fluggea microcarpa, Blume, 58. |

INDEX,

Forest region of Uganda, 117.

Forests formerly extensive in York.
shire, 858; formerly on Huddersfield
moors, 351.

Formosa, Taiwania from, 380,

French beans, carpels of, 17.

Fronds of Pteris, 869-371,

Fuirena glomerata, Boj., 478.

Œdipus, C. B. Clarke*, 478,
487.

pubescens, Kunth, 478.

stricta, Sleud., 477.

subdigitata, C. B. Clarke * , 477.

umbellata, Z!of/h., 478,

Fumaria officinalis, Linn., 121.

Fumariaces from Uganda, 121.

Fungi, blaze-currents in, 38; from
Rhodesia, 483.

Funtumia elastica, Stapf, 541.

latifolia, Stapf, 541.

Gabunia glandulosa, Stapf, 526,
odoratissima, Stapf*, 526; men-
tioned, 536,
Galanthus, Linn., absciss layer of, 382.
Galium saxatile, Linn., in Birks Wood,
2343.
stenophyllum, Baker, 164.
Gallicana (Ros), 71-76.
Galvanometer — applied
(Waller), 32.
Gamble, J. S., note on wood of Man-
sonia Gagei, 262.

io plants

| Gamopetalie from Uganda, 157-201,

Garcinia epunctata, Stapf * , 86, 87.
Livistoni, T. Anders., 430; men-
tioned, 486.
punctata, Oliver, 86, 87.
physophylla, De Wild., 158, 159.
Thunbergia, Lian. f., 158, 535.
urcelliformis, Hiern, 158.
viscidissima, S. Moore, 158.
Gastroclonium kaliforme, Ardiss., host
of Streblonema, 291.
Gazania Krebsiana, Less., var, hispidula,
Harv., 451.
Geigeria Burkei, Harv.. 822.
Geniosporuin paludosum, Baker, 199.
Genlisea africana, Oliver, 458, 489.
Gentianez from Rhodesia, 455; from
Uganda, 187.
Geology, map of Huddersfield district,
2364; — alluded to, 365.
Geophila Atzelii, Hiern, 309,
Geraniace from Rhodesia, 434; from
Uganda, 129,
Geranium, Tourn., blaze-currents
petiole, 40, 41, 50.
Robertianum, Linn, sap, 390.
simense, Hochst., 129.

in

INDEX. 557

Gerbera piloselloides, Cass., 451; mev- |

tioned, 489.
Gingko biloba, Linn., 414.
Gironniera nitida, Benth., distrib, 62.
Gladiolus Melleri, Baker, 472, 489.
primulinus, Baker, 472.
Quartinianus, A. Rich., 223.
Gleditschia africana, Benth., 440; in
flower, 485 ; mentioned, 427.
CG ossostemon, Desf., 258.
Glyphea grewioides, Hook. f., 128.
Gly ptostrobus heterophyllus, Endl., 413.
Gnaphalium luteo-album, Linn., 449.
pyramidale, Thou, on Gough
Island, 240.
Gnidia lamprantha, Gilg, 536.
Gumphia amplectens, Stapf* , 87.
congesta, Oliver, 88.
Manni, Oliver, 87.
subcordata, Stapf* , 88.
Gough Island Botany (Brown), 238-
250, 963-2067.
Gramineæ from Rhodesia, 478; from
Uganda, 531,
Grammitis australis, R. Br., 248.
Grant, Col. J. A., his coll. mentioned,
117.
Grewia bicolor, Juss., 128.
flava, A. DC., forma, 432.
mollis, Juss., 128.
populifolia, Vahl, 544.
similis, K. Sehum., 128.
ugandensis, Sprague * , 503.
Grumilea catetensis, Hiern, 161.
Guttiferæ from Rhodesia, 430.
Gymnogramme cordata, Schlecht., 482.
elliptica, Baker, var. furcans, Tut-
cher * , 69.
Gymnosperms from Unganda, 226.
Gymnosporia fasciculata, Loes., 134.
gracilipes, Loes., var. arguta, Loes.,
538.
senegalensis, Loes., 134.
var. inermis, forma coriacea,
Loes., 154.
var. inermis, forma macro-
carpa, Loes., 134.
var. spinosa, Engl., 134.
Gynura sarcobasis, DC., 323.
scandens, O. Hoffm., 172.
vitellina, Benth., var. angustifolia,
S. Moore * , 328.

Habenaria epipactidea, Reichb. f., 221.
foliosa, Reichb. f., 221 ; in Uganda,
118.

var. epipactidea, Rendle, 221.

Hochstetterianz, Krünzi., 221.

ndiana, Rendle, 221.

Soyauxii, Krünzl, 221; distrib,
118,

Hemanthus cyrtanthiflorus, C. H.
Wright, 529; mentioned, 538.
Lindeni, N. E. Br., 224; mentioned,
118.
longitubus, C. H. Wright * , 114.
wultiflorus, Martyn, 53, 58, 114,
115.
Radeliffei, Rendle * , 223; expl. of
pl. 4, 227 ; mentioned, 118.
Hiemodoracexw from Uganda, 529.
Hair Grass. see Deschampsia.
Hairs on leaf of Vacciniuin, 390.
Halophila ovata, Gaudich., axillary
scales, 220. 232.
Hamamelidem from Rhodesia, 443.
Mansemaunia, K. Schum., polycar-
pellary, 20.
Haronga paniculata, Lodd., 125.
llarrisonia abyssinica, Oliver, 57. 131.
Marts-tongue Fern, blaze-currents in,
38, 39.
Hasskarlia didymostemon, Baill., 212.
Hausemannia, see Hansemannia,
Hawthorn, found buried, 358.

" Heather, see Calluna.

Heather Zone, 359, 360.
Hebenstreitia Holubii, Rolfe, 462;
mentioned, 486.
Heinsia lindenioides, S. Moore * , 301.
Helichrysum achyroclinoides, S. Moore,
315.
argyrosphærum, DC., 315, 490.
bullulatum, S. Moore * , 319.
chrysophorum, 5. Moore * , 318.
cymosum, Less, var. compactum,
Vatke, 169.
declinat um, 8. Moore, 315.
dilucidum, S. Moore * , 318; men-
tioned, 298.
ericiefoliuin, Less., 419 ; mentioned,
427, 490.
galbanum, S. Moore * , 169.
geminatum, Klatt, 316.
gerberifolium, Sch. Bip., 316.
globosum, Sch. Bip., 170.
Gossweileri, S. Moore * , 315.
Henderson, S. Moore * , 316.
hypoleucum, Harv., 319.
leiopodum, DC., 169.
leptolepis, DC., 449, 490.
Mechowianum, K/a/t, 315.
nanum, Baker, 317,
odoratissimum, Less., 318.
Petersii, Oliver & Hiern, 315.
rutilans, D. Don, 170, 317 (erro-
neously ascribed to “ Less.” ard
“DC.”).
sordidum, S. Moore * , 315.
syncephalum, Baker, 320.
trilineatum, DC., 317, 319.
verbaseifolium, S. Moore * , 317.

558

Helinus mystacinus, Æ. Mey., 135.
Hemigraphis prunelloides, S. Moore * ,
459 ; mentioned, 486-488.

tenera, C. B. Clarke, 460.

INDEX,

| Huddersfield District, its vegetation,

Hemiscaposx, gruup of Carex (Clarke), |

2, 4.

Henderson, Miss M. S., African coll., |

298.

Heracleum Sphondylium, Linn., figures
explained, 406 ; mentioned, 333, 334,
307 ; structure, 301—392.

Hermannia brachypetala, Harv., 432;

mentioned. 490.

depressa, N. X. Br., 490.

viscosa, Hiern, 482; mentioned,
490.

Herminiera Elaphroxylon, Guill. d
Pers., 52, 56.

Hesperantha matopensis, Gibbs * , 411.

Tysoni, Baker, 472.

Heteracanthze (Rosi), 71.

Heteroblastzm, Krdnzl.*, a new sub-
section, 278,

Heteromorpha arborescens, Cham. d
Schlecht., 156, 541.

Hewittia bicolor, Wight § Arn., 189.

Hexalobus senegalensis, 4. DC., 428;
in Madi, 544 ; mentioned, 492.

Hexarrhena, $Afrodaphnes, Séapf*,
111.

Hibiscus, Linn., 256.

sethiopicus, Linn., 126.

diversifolius, Jacq., 53, 56, 126.

gossypinus, Thunb., 126.

lunarnfolia, Willd., 8T.

micranthus, Linn., forma,
431.

Whytei, Stapf * , 87.

Hilleria elastica, Vel., 202.

Hinds, R. B., on distribution, 335.

Hippocratea obtusifolia, /tord., 436;
mentioned, 486.

Hissing-tree, 442.

Hochmoor = Moss Moor, 307.

Hug-weed, see Heracleum.

Holcus mollis, Linn., competing with
Bracken, 344; distrib., 343; figures
explained, 404—406 ; map, 342 ; men-
tioned, 833, 834, 347, 348, 396, 397 ;
on Coal-Measure area, 355, 362, 388 ;
structure, 386-357.

Holly, see Ilex.

Holly-leaf, blaze-currents in, 47, 48.

196,

Holm, T., views on Carex affinities, |

2.

Homalium molle, Stapf * , 100,
stipulaceum, Mast., 100.
stipulaceum, Welw., 100.

Homocanthz (Rosa), 71.

Hongkong, new plants from (Tutcher),

58-70.

350; ecology of (Woodhead), 333-
405.

Hutelandia, Nees, 110,

Hugonia platysepala, Welw., 129; dis-
trib., 118.

Hutchins, E., specimens of Widdring-
tonia, 274.

Hydrilla vertieillata, Royle, 471, 486.

Hydrocera triflora, Wight & Arn., 27,
31, 32.

Hydrocharidaces, axillary scales, 229 ;
from Rhodesia, 471; from Uganda,
215.

Hydrocharis Morsus-rane, Linn., axil-
lary scales, 229, 230, 233, fig. 297.

Hydrocleis, see Hydrocleys.

Hydrocleys Humboldtii, Endi., 232.

nymphoides, Buchen., axillary
scales, 229, 232,
Hydrocotyle capitata, Thou., 241.
leucocephala, Cham. & Schlecht.,
241.
natans, Cyr., 53, 56.
Hygrophila cataractæ, S. Moore * , 459,

Teuczii, Lindau, 459.
uliginosa, S. Moore, 459.
Hymenocardia acida, Tul., 540.
Hymenochete rubiginosa, Ser., 483.
Hymenodictyon Kurria, Hochst., 157.
scabrum, Stapf * , 519.
sp., Oliver, 519.
Hymenophy!lum ciliatum, Sw., 539.
Meyeri, Presi, 539.
Hypericineæ from Rhodesia, 430 ; from
Uganda, 124.
Hypericum Lalandi, Choisy, 124, 430,
480.
lanceolatum, Lam., 588.
peplidifolium, A. Rich., 124.
Hyphæne, Gaertn., characteristic of
East African region, 117.
sp., 486.
thebaica, Mart., 53,
southern limit, 544.
Hypnum rhaphidorhynchum, C. Muell.,
265.
Hypochæris glabra, Linn., 241, 243.
Hypoxis villosa, Linn. f., 223, 478,
490.
Hyptis spicigera, Lam., cult. for seeds
as food, 548.

58; its

Ilex Aquifolium, Linn., 361.
Illecebraceæ from Rhodesia, 464; from
Uganda, 201.
Illicium Dunnianum, Z'u£cher * , 62.
micranthum, Dunn, 62.
Illigera peutaphylla, Welw., 152; dis-
trib., 118.

INDEX. 559

Illustrations to T. W. Woodhead's paper, | [Impatiens pretermissa, Hook. f.* , 29

404-406. (in note), 31.
Ilysanthes andongensis, Hiern, 190. puberula, DC., 25, 28, 39, 31.
Impatiens, Kiv., species in India, 22; punctata, Wall., 23, 31.
Wallichian specimens (Hooker), pusilla, Heyueo, 26, 31.

22-32. racemosa, DC., 21, 31.
acuminata, Benth., 27, 30. | racemulosa, Wall., 29, 51.
amena, Wall., 30. | radicans, Benih., 28, 31.
amphorata, Kdgew., 30. | ramasa [Wall.], 25.
arcuata, Benth., 25, 30. reticulata, Wall., 27, 31.
Bagshawei, Baker f. * , 129. | rosea, Lindl., 25, 31.
Balsamina, Linn., 24, 25, 29, 30, | rosmarinifolia, DC., 25,81.

31, 32. | Royleana, 23= Roylei.

var. rosea, Hook. f., 25. | Rovlei, Walp., 23 e »yleana), 31.

bicolor, Foyle, 24, 29, 30. rufescens, Benth., 26, 31.
bicornuta, Wall., 24, 28, 30. scabrida, DC., 28, 39, 31, 32.
bracteata, Caleb., 28, 30. scabriuscula, Meyne, 25, 31.
calycina, Wall., 28, 30. serpiflora, Meyne, 27. 39, 31.
chinensis, Linn., 26, 27, 30, 32. | serrata, Benih., 29, 3L
circeoides, Wall., 29, 30, 21. simplex, Wall. M3. * , 29, 5I.
coceined, Sims, 25, 30. sinensis, Herb. Madr., 25, SL.
cordifolia, Herb. Madr. , 27, 30. suleata, Wall., 28, 30, 31.
cornuta, Linn. " D 30. tavovana, Benth.. 29, $l.
discolor, DC., 30. tenella, Heyne, 26, 31.
diversifolia, T» 26, 27, 30, 31. ternifolia, Herb. Ham., 27, 31.
fasciculata, Herb. Madr., 26, 30. tingens, Edgew., 24, 31.
fasciculata, prox., 27, 30, Tiramira, Herb, Ham., 25, 31.
fimbriata, Coleb., 31. tomentosa, Heyne, 26, 97, 31.
formosissima, Heyne, 27. tomentosa, Wall., 31.
fruticosa, Lesch., 28, 30. trichocephala, Wall. MS, * , 28, 31.
gigantea, Edgew., 24, 30. triflora, Willd., 27, 31.
glandulifera, "Wall, MS. * , 25, 30. | trilobata, Coleh., 23, 31.
grandiflora, Herb. Madr., 28, 30. tripetala, Xorb., 25, 27, 31.
grandis, Heyne, 28, 30. umbellata, Heyne, 27, 31.
Rete rophylla, Wall., 26, 30. umbrosa, Edgew., 24, 29.
hispidula, Benth., 25, 30. urticifolia, Wali., 23, 31.
inconspicun, Benth.. 25, 26, 30, 31. Walliehii, Hook, f., 28, 31.
insignis, DC., 28, 30. Imperata arundinacea, Cyr., 539.
Jurpia, Ham., 28, 30 (mispr. | India, Carex in (Clarke), 2; Roses in

Juspia), 32. l (Baker '), 79.
Kleinii, Wight § Arn., 25, 30. Indici, $ of Carex, 2.
Lacca, Herb. Ham., 25, 30. Indigofera Bagshawei, Baker f. * , 142.
lavigata, Wall., 27, 30. crypt antha, Benth, 438; wen-
latifolia, Linn., 25, „20. tioned, 427.
latifolia, Wight, 2 drepanocarpa, Taub., 142.
leptoceras, DC., o2, 29, 30, 31. emarginella, Steud., 142.
Leschenaultii, DC., 25, 31. heterocarpa, Welw , 142.
longicornu, Wall., 24, 39, 31. hirsuta, Lian., var. polystachya,
longifolia, Benth., 25, 31. Welw., 143.
lucida, Heyne, 51. macrophylla, Schum. d Thonn.,
malabarica, Herb. Madr., 27, 31. 142.
maysorensis, Rossl., 26. orthocarpa, Baker, 57.
mollis, Wall., 28, 31. sp., 142.
multiflora, Benth., 25, 31. Injury-currents in peas, 46.
mysorensis, Polk, 26, 31. Inula glomerata, Oliver d: Hiern, 321.
mysurensis, Wight, 26. Gossweileri, S. Moore * , 321.
natans, Willd., 27, 31. Hendersonix, S. Moore * , 320,
odorata, D. Don, 24, 31. Klingii, O. Hoffm., 320.
oppositifolia, Lian., 26, 27, 51. subscaposa, S. Moore, 320.
pendula, Heyne, 25, 26, 31. | Todes africana, Welw., 90.
porrecta, Wall., 29, 31. | reticulata, S(apf, 90.

LINN. JOURN.— BOTANY, VOL. XXXVIT. 25s

560

Tpo toxicaria, Pers., 214.

Ipomea involucrata, Beauv., 188.
Lindleyi, Choisy, 52, 56.
obscura, Ker, 456.
palmata, Forsk., 52, 53, 56, 188.
reptans, Poir., 52, 55, 56.
Wrightii, Choisy, 188.

Irideæ from Rhodesia,

Uganda, 223.

Trunga, plants from, 116, 117.

Irvingia sp. in Semliki Valley, 540.

Tsochoriste, Miq., 196.
africana, S. Moore, 195, 196.
javanica, Miq., 195.

Tsoétes, Linn., ligule of, 234, 935.

Isolepis acugnana, Schult., 244.
bicolor, Carm., 944.
Carmichaeli, A. Dietr., 244.
prolifera, Carm., 944.
squarrosa, Carm., 244,
suleata, Carm., 244,

Thouarsii, A. Dietr., 244.
Tvy-petiole, blaze-current of, 40 41.
lxora atrata, Stapf * , 1C8.

congesta, Stapf * . 107,

laxiflora, Sm., 107.

Soyauxii, Hiern, 108.

ternifolia, Hook. f., 162.

from

471;

Jamesoniella colorata, Spruce, 265.
Japan, Carex in (Clarke), 2.
Jasminum blandum, S. Moore * , 179.
dichotomum, Vahl, 178.
Emini, Gilg, 179.
mauritianum, Boj., 179, 453, 486.
Radcliffei, S. Moore * , 178.
stenolobum, 7/o/fe, 491.
Jatropha Cureas, Linn., 543.
Kirkii, Baker MS., 548.
Johnston, Sir H. H., plants pres. by,
1

Juncaceæ from Rhodesia, 474.
Juneaginez, axillary scales of, 228,
Juncellus alopecuroides, €. B. Clarke,
58.
Juncus Fontanesii, Lakarpe, 474.
Jungermannia bidentata, Linn., 265.
colorata, Lehm., 965.

Juniperus, Linn., species referred to
Widdringtonia, 268.
capensis, Lam., 269, 273.

chinensis, Linn., 412.
communis, Linn., 412.
var. nana, Loud., 412.
litoralis, Maxim., 412.
recurva, var. squamata,
413.
rigida, Sieb. 4 Zuce., 413.
sphærica, Lindl., 413.
taxifolia, Hook, 4 Arn., 413.

Mast.,

INDEX.

Jussiæa, see Jussiena.
Jussieua diffusa, Forsk., 53, 56, 154.
linifolia, Fahl, 154.
pilosa, H. B. & K., 53, 56.
sp., 486.
Justenia orthopetala, Hiern, 30].
Justicia elegantula, 8, Moore,
401.
—— var. elatior, S. Moore, 462.
yar. repens, 5$. Moore, 462.
flava, Vahl, 196.
leptocarpa, Lindau, 196.

461,

Kaffir boom, 439.

Kaffir orange, 401.

Kafumbo, 134,

Kagei, 126.

Kagena River, plants coll,

Kagenzanda, 155,

Kakansu, 139.

Kakoto, 137,

Kakubanga, 122,

alamet, two species, 950, 252,

Kalanchoe crenata, Haw., 151.
Stuhlmanni, Engl., 151.
sp., 491.

Kansizonsiro, 125.

Kanyeiira, 148.

Kararankuha, 173.

Kashaka Kalibioya, 147.

Katagamiti, 211.

Katarugum, 141.

Kaubwa, 515.

Kayonya, 185.

Kazinga, 126.

Kazuganji, 144.

Keteleeria Davidiana, Beissn., 491.
Evelyniana, Mast., 421.
Fabri, Mast., 421.
sp, Mast., 421.

at, 116.

one
253,

Khaya anthotheca, C. DC., 540, 541,
senegalensis, A. Juss., 544.
Kibombo, 135
Kigelia :thiopica, Deene., 53, 51, 57,
512.
Moosa, Sprague, 538.
pinnata, DC., 486.
Kika jo enjovu, 225,
Kikasakasa, 135.
Kinabalu, Carex on (Clarke), 9.
Kirschleger, F., on biearpellary French

bean, 19.

Kirundo, 214.

Kisikenki, 531.

Kiyengeyenge, 185.

Koki, its vegetation, 535.

Kolobopetalum auriculatum, £g., 82.

ovatum, S/epf * , 82,

Konishi, N., Taiwania coll. by, 330,

331.

Kosteletzkega adoensis, Mast., 126.
Ksamba Ndega, 141.
Kyawondowando, 177.

Kyondo, 151.

Labiate from Rhodesia, from
Uganda, 198.

Lactuca capensis, Thunb., 451.

Schulzeana, Büttn., 328.

Lagerstremia Fordii, Koehne, locality,
60.

Lamium Galeobdolon, Crantz, com-
petes with Scilla, 342; figures ex-
plained, 406; mentioned, 333, 334,
348, 307 ; structure, 393-394.

Landelphia — Petersiama, Dyer,
Schweinfurthiana, Step, 180.

464 ;

|
var. |

Lankesteria brevior,C. B. Clarke * , 110. |

elegans, O. B. Clarke, partim, 110,
elegans, T. Anders., 110.
Lannea fulva, Engi., 140.
rufescens, Engl., flowers described,
140),
Stuhlmanni, Engl.,
Lantana salvifolia, Jeg., 196.
Larix chinensis, Beissn., 424.
davurica, Turcz., 4: 24.
Griffithii, Hook. f. & Thoms., 494.
Potaninii, Batal., 424.
Principis-Ruppreehti, Mayr, 424.
sibirica, Ledeb., 424.
thibetica. Franch., 424.
Lasia heterophylla, Sckoté, distrib., 59.
Lasiosiphon affinis, Kotschy & Peyr.,

140.

204.
Kraussii, Meissn., 466; mentioned,

490.
Lauraces from Uganda, 203; in Kala-

met forests, 253.

Leaf of Deschampsia, 883; Heracleum,
391; Holeus, 383; Holly, blaze-
currents, 47, 48; Lamium, 394;
Scilla, 379-382 ; Vaccinium, 389.

Leaf-stalk of Pteris, 371—376; — Oak
form, 374; — Shade form, 374-315.

Leaves, in sun or shade, 367.

Leea guineensis, G. Don, 136.

Leguminosæ from Rhodesia, 437 ; from
Uganda, 140, 513; number in Hong-
kong, 60.

Leipzig G Garden, types from, 323, 325.

Lemna sp., 57.

Lentibularineæ from Rhodesia, 457.

Leonotis nepetifolia, 7. Br., 201.

Lepidodendron, Brongn., 234.

selaginoides, Sternb., Hovelacque
on, 236.

Lepidostrobus, Brongn., 234; Maslen
on, 286.

Lepistemon africanum, Oirer, 188.

ool

Leptaulus daphnoides, Benik., 134.
Lessertia pauciflora, Harv., 438 ; men-
tioned, 427.
Leucas orbicularis, Gürke, 201.
Leucojum, Linn., absciss layer, 382.
Liberia, new species from (Stapf), 79-
115.
Libocedrus,
412.
macrolepis, Benth., 411.
Liehrechtsia, De Wild., 146.
Lightrootia collomioides,
176,
kagerensis, S. Moore * , 176.
marginata, Æ. DC., V76.
tenuifolia, 4. DC., 452, 490.
Ligule of Selaginella, 228, 234.
Liliaceæ from Rhodesia, 473;
Uganda, 224.
Limacia sagittata, Oliver,
Limneeharis nymphoides,
axillary scales, 220,
Limnophila sessiliflora, Blume, 457.
Linaceæ from Uganda, 129.
Ling, see Calluna Erica.
Linnean Society, species of Zmpatieus

Endl.,

peculiar distrib.,

A. DC,

from

distrib.. 59.
Micheli,

in the Wallichian Herbarium
( Hooker), 22-3
Liparis rehaaoriensis Rolfe, 215;

mentioned, 118.

Liquidambar sp., Griff , 408.

Lissovhilus arenarius, Lindl., 216.
Krebsii, Reichb. f., 216. 471.
Nyasæ, Rolfe, 216; distrib., 119,
mediocris, Rendle, 215.

Wilsoni, Rolfe, 215.
Listera cordata, 2, Br., extinct in Coal-
Measure area, 362.

Listia heterophylla, Æ. Mey., 437.

Listrostachys vesicata, Reickb. f., 220.

Litsea citrata, Blume, time of flowering,

6l.

Lobelia, Linn., tree species, 538.
angolensis, Engi. & Gilg, 452.
decipiens, ‘Sond. 451, 480.
Deckenil, Hemsl., 3: 30,
fervens, Thunb., 175.
fonticola, Engi. & Gilg,

mentioned, 427.
Gibberoa, Hemsl., 176, 536, 538
microdon, 4, DC., 452.
minutidentata, Engl. d$ Gilg, 452;
mentioned, 427, 489.
rhyne hopetalum, Hemsl. a 539
Stuhlmannii, Schwein, 538,
thermalis, Zkunb., 451.
trullifolia, Hemsl., forma, 451.
Loganiaceæ from Rhodesia, 454; from
Uganda, 186.

Lomaria alpina, Spreng., 946, 250.

antarctica, Carm., 246.
282

452

>

562

Lomaria Boryana, Willd., 246 ; Asple-
nium on, 248 ; on Gough Island,
238; stems on beach, 247.
magellanica, Desv., 240.
palineformis, Desv., 246.
robusta, ^ar m., 246,

Longispiere, series of Carex, 3.

Lopnin v alata, Banks, 544.

Lophocolea bidentata, Dwm., 265.
Lopholæna segmentata, &. Moore, 323.
Loranthacem from Rhodesia, 467 ; from

Uganda, 204.

Lorant hus Bagshawei, Rendle *
Buvnmæ, "Rendle * , 207.
Dregei, Mehl. §& Zeyh., Jorma sub-

cuneifolia, Lagt., 467.
Ellersii, Schweinf., 207.
elegantulus, Wagt., 206.
Kraussianus, Meissn.,

tioned, 427.
Molleri, Wagt., 205.
musozensis, Pendle * , 204.
ogowensis, Lagi., 207.
Pittospore, Pendle * , 904.
Sehweinfurthii, Engl.. 467.
senegalensis, De Wild., 206.
usuiensis, Oliver, 201.
zumbesicus, Gibbs * , 467.

Lotononis Leobordea, Benth., 437.

. 206.

467; men-

Lovoa brachysiphon, Sprague *, 508,
509; mentioned, 537.
Brownii, Sprague * , 500.

budongensis, Sprague*, 508;

mentioned, 541.
Klaineana, Pierre * , 509.
trichilioides, Har ms. 508, 510.

Luffa zegyptinen, Mili., 53, 56.

Lumama, 119.

Luwau, 213.

Lycopodiacew from Rhodesia, 482.

Lycopodium, Jinn., 235.
carolinianum, Linn.,

482, 489.

Lythraceæ from Rhodesia, 445; Uganda,

153.

Maba abyssinica, Miern, 537.
Macaranga monandra, Muell. Arg., 213.
Machilus macrophylla, Hemsl., distrib.,
59.
Macrolobium diphyllum, Harms, 96.
obliquum, Stapf * , 96.

Macromitrium antarcticum, C. H.
Wright * , 264; mentioned, 263.
Madagascar, Carex in (Clarke), 2.
Madi, its vegetation, 542.
Maerua angolensis, DC., 122.
nervosa, var. flagellaris, Oliver,

420.
triphylla, 4. Pich., 122.
Misa rufescens, A, DC., 177.

i
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

INDEX.

Mæsopsis berchemoides, Engl, 534,
Al.

Mahernia abyssinica, Hochst., 432, 490.

Mahogany bean, 440.

Mairea, Nees, 514.

Maize, cultivated in Acholi, 543.

Mukansi, 132.

Makokwa, 127.

Makwa, 202.

Malachra radiata, Lian., 57.

Malaya, Species of Carex iu (Clarke),
1-16.

Malayan Cyrtandracew, 275-285.

Malpighiaceve from Rhodesia, 434 ; from
Uganda, 129.

Malvacer from Rhodesia, 439; from
Uganda, 125, 500.
Mansonia, J. R. Drum. * , 255, 260.
Gagei, J. I. Dri. * , 200; expl.
pl. 263.
note on wood (Gamble), 262
Mansonieze *, a new tribe of Ster-
culiacer ( Prain), 255, 260.
Marattia, Sw., 236.
Marchantia polymorpha, Linn., 265.

Marchantiacex from Rhodesia, 483.
Marremia angustifolia, Hallier f., 455.
Marsdenia rubicunda, N. Æ. Br., 51.
Marsilea capensis, A. Br., 483.
diffusa, Lepr., 57.
Marsileaceæ from Rhodesia, 483.
Masters, M. T., on polycarpie legu-
minons plants, 19.
Matchko, 148.
Matopo Hills, vegetation, 488.
Mawakota, vegetation, 533.
Mechanical tissues of Pteris, 375-379.
Melanthera Brownei, Rohr, 53, 56.
Melasma sessiliflorum, Miern,
mentioned, 427
Melastomaceæ from Uganda, 153.
Melhania obtusa, N. K. Br., 432.
Meliaceæ from Rhodesia, 435;
Uganda, 132, 537.
Melianthaceæx from Uganda, 512.
Melothria cordifolia, Hook. f., 56.
punetata, f ogn., 156.
Memecylon heterophyll um, Gilg, 153.
polyanthemum, Hook. f., 99.
Simii, Stapf* , 99.
Menispermace:e from Rhodesia, 429;
from Uganda, 121.
Mercurialis perennis, Linn., competes
with Scilla, 342; figures explained,

457 ;

from

406; mentioned, 333, 334, 307; struc-
ture, 394.

Mereury, Dogs’: see Mercurialis per-
eunis.

Merulius ambiguus, Berk., 265.
sp., 206.

Mesesi, 131.

INDEX.

5€3

Mesophytes, map of, 264; — alluded | Mucuna Birdwoodiana, Tudcher * , 65.

to, 556 ; modilied, 366.

Meso-pteridetum, a complementary as-

sociation, 345; term explained, 365.
Mexico, Roses in ( Baker), 79.
Microglossa densiflora, Hook. f., 168.
Micromeria biflora, Benth., 201.
Microphyllæ (Rosæ), 71, 73.

Mikania scandens, Willd., 168.
Milletia ferruginea. Hochst., 57.

Millstone-Grit, plants on, 317; pla-

teau, 354, 895,
Mimosa asperata, Linn., 149.
Mimusops cuneifolia, Baker, 534,
Dawei, Stapf * , 525, 5360.
Elengi, Linn , 523.
frondosa, Hiern, 523.
lacera, Baker, 178.
propinqua, S. Moore * , 177,
toroensis, S/«pf, mentioned, 525.
ugandensis, Sfapf*, 523, 525;
mentioned, 537, 541.

var. heteroloba, Stapf * , 524.

Miquel, his types of Carex, 1.

Mirabilis Jalapa, Linn., 201.

Mitragyne africana, Walp., 57.

Mixed Deciduous Wood-plants, 336.

Mkuna, 442

Modecca Mannii, Mast., 102.

tenuispira, Stapf, 102.

Mohria eaffrorum, Desv.. 482.

Mollugo Spergula, Linn., 57, 156.

Momordica Balsamina, Linn., 446,
486.

Monocotyledons, axillary scales of
aquatic species (Gibson), 228-237 ;
from Uganda ( Rendle), 215-227.

Monrovia, new plants from, 79, 80.

Monsonia biflora, DC., 129.

Burkeana, Planch., 434, 400.

Moorland plants, map of 353.

Moors, formerly forests, 351.

Moosmoor = Moss Moor, 357.

Mopane country, 459.

Moquin-Tandon, C. H. B. A., on bicar-
pellary French Bean, 19, 20.

Morelia senegalensis, 4. Rich., 805,

Moschosma riparium, Hochst., 150, 492 ;
— forma, 464.

Moss Moor, 354, 205.

Motandra altissima, Stapf * , 526.

pyramidalis, Stapf, 527.

Mountain Acacia, 492.

Mowa, 131.

Moywante, 122.

Mpafu, 131.

Mpoko, 134.

Msese, 139.

Mtainagerom, 124,

Miete, 186.

Muhula, 150.

Championi, Benth., its bracts de-
scribed, 65.
macrobotrys, Hance, 65;
rently lost, 60.

macrocarpa, Wall., 65.
stans, Welw., 540.

Mugondo, 159.

Mugusha, 135.

Mujaja, 198.

Mukarata, 178.

Mukde, 127.

Mukdokolo, 224.

Mukamira, 120.

Mukerenge, 139.

Mukoma, 122, 128.

Mukonze, 149.

Mukunya, 178.

Mulema, plants coll. at, 116.

Mulidida, 125.

Mumeya, 150.

Munabiliko, 151.

Munkamba, 119.

Munyahuruk, 134.

Munyakishak, 141.

Munyanohinga, 151.

Munyegenyege, 143.

Muramma, 152.

Murraya, Koen., in Kalamet forests,

253.

Murulosa, 167.

Murungu, 145.

Musa, 149.

Musa Ensete, J. F. Gmel., 528.
fecunda, Stapf * , 528.

Musaceæ from Uganda, 528.

Musanga Smithii, X. Br., 540.

Musinga, 126.

Mussænda arcuata, Poir., 158.

var.parviflora, S.Moore * , 301,
conopharyngiifolia, Stapf * , 104.
luteola, Del., 301.
macrosepala, Stapf * , 105.
tenuiflora, Benth., 104.
tristigmatica, Cummins, 105.

Mussendopsis, Baill., 69.

Mutatsi, 122.

Mutengo, 180.

Mutiaza, 150.

Mutongde, 150.

Muvimnba, 135.

Muwendolisa, 143.

Muyehe, 149.

Muzainanya, 198.

Muzira, 129.

Muzo, 130.

Mwamira, 157.

Mwema, 125,

Mweogola, 122.

Mweya, 124.

Mwezameno, 150.

appa-

564

M ycorhiza on roots of Vaccinium, 351.
Myrianthus arboreus, Beauv., 214.
Myrica Gale, Linn., 252.

Myrionema, Thur., parasitic, 205.
Mvrothamnus flabellifolia, Welw., 445,
491. (pl. 19) 494 ; mentioned, 485.

Myrsine rhododendroides, Gilg, 538.
Myrsinez from Uganda, 177.
Myrstiphyllum cristatum, Hiern, 164.
M yrtacem from Uganda, 153.
Mystacidium ugandense, Rendle * , 220;
mentioned, 118.
xanthopollinium, Wehe.?, 220, 221.

Maindacex from Rhodesia, 474.
Najas, Linn., Rendle on, 237.
Narcissus, Tourn., absciss layer of, 3&2.
Nardus stricta, Linn., 359, 383.
Neilgherries, Roses in (Baker), 79.
Nelsonia campestris, A. Dr., 53.
tomentosa, Willd., 4^8.
Nemesia affinis, Benth., 456.
fætens, Vent., 456.
Neoboutonia canescens, Parv, 536.
Nephrodium albo- punetatum, Dese.,
481.
aquilinum, Hemsl., 248.
molle, R. Br., 488.
unitum, A. Br., 451. 486.
Nephrolepis cordifolia, Pres/, 481, 488.
exaltata, Schott, 482, 488.
Nertera depressa, Gaertn.. 242.
var. obtusa, 2’. Dr. * , 242.
Nossa floribunda, Sond., 445, 457.
Nettle, l'ead : see Lamium.
Neurocarpxa longiflora, S. Moore *
157.
purpurea, Hiern, 157.
Thomsonii, 5. Moore * , 157.
Ngurukizi, 208.
Nakun, 126.
Nicotiana rustica, Linn., 544.
Nigandu, 100,
Nile, Sudd-formation on (Broun), 51-
58.
Nitella Dregeana, Kuetz., 287.
hyalina, Agh., A83; mentioned, 428.
tricuspis, A. Br., 287.
—-— var. grandis, A. Br., 287.
Nitophyllum Bonnemaisoni, Grev., 294.
Gmelini, Grev., 294.
Hilla, Grev., host of Endocerma,
259, 293, 207.
laceratum, Grev., 298, 295.
punctatum, Grev,, 294.
versicolor, Harv., 294.
Nhauga nyonza, 179.
Akarabu, 126.
Akira, 177.
Shite, Ag.

9

INDEX.

Nkoka fibre, 533.

Nkurutetabi, 53.

No, Lake, Sudd near, 51.

Nomenclature, ecologic, 365.

Nostoe commune, Vauch., 484.

Nostocaceze from Rhodesia. 484.

Notholena Buebanani, Baker,

mentioned, 427.

Notonia abyssinica, 4A. Rich., 173.
Welwitsehii, Hiern, 173.

Nsali, 208.

Nialama, 158.

Ntanakorogondo, 124.

Niukuza, 153.

Nic uua, 156.

Namkde, 127.

Nuxia congesta, R. Br., 186.
pubescens, Sond., 454.
viscosa, Gibbs * , 454.

Nyctaginez from Uganda, 201.

Nymphaea Lotus, Linn, 53, 56.

var, sinocensis, Stapf * , 82.

Neo, 130,

Oak, ascends to 1200 ft, 860, #95,
dominant, 538, 347, 350, 861, 395;
found buried, 858,

Oat-cultivation, region of, 355.

Ochna Antunesii, Engl. ¢ Gily, 454;

in flower, 485.
Schweinfurthiana, F. Hoffin., 404 ;
mentioned, 425.
sp., 1931.

Ochnacez from Rhodesia, 4384; from
Uganaa, 131.

Ocimum americanum, Miil., 160,

gracile, Benih., 58.

obovatum, Æ. Mey., 464, 490.

suave, Willd., 198, 199.

Odina edulis, Sond., 4306;

flowering, 490.

fiuticosa, Hochst., 044.

Sebimperi, Hochst.,
tioned, 428.

Odyendyea longipes, Sprague *, 505;
mentioned, 537.

Œcology of Woodland Plants (W ood-
head), 333-406.

Olacineæ from Rhodesia, 435; from
Uganda, 134.

Olax dissitiflora, Oliver, 435;

tioned, 427 ; in flower, 484.
major, Stapf * , 88.
Manni, Oliver, 88, 89.
Oldenlandia, Linn., new section, Cono-
stomium, Stapf, 517.
abyssinica. Oliver, 157.
decumbens, Hiern, mentioned, 57.
dolichantha, Stapf * , 518.
herbacea, Aiowh., 157.

hurried

456; men-

men-

INDEX.

Oldenlandia rotata, Baker, 518.
Schimperi, 7. And., 301.
sp., 57.
stenosiphon, K. Schum. * , 300.
Olea chrysophylla, Lam., 535.
Oleacee from Rhodesia, 453 ;
Uganda, 178.
Oligostachyæ, series of Carex, 4,
Omuaney, H. T., African coll.. 208.

from

Om-Suf= Moiher-of- Wool, in Sudd, 53, |

54.
Oimwah, 134.
Onwanimwant, 158.
Onagrariez of Uganda, 154.
Oncoba brevipes, Stupf * , 8.
glauca, Hook. f. 84.

spinosa, Forsk., 128, 429; in flower, |

484,
Opank, 916.
Opi.ia, Farò., 89.
Afzelii, Kgl, 90,
Oplismenus sp., 480, 478.
Orchidee from Rhodesia, 471; from
Uganda, 215.

Orchids in Hongkong, 60.

Oreodaphne gaboonensis, Meissn., 112.
minutiflora, Meissn., 111.

Orge, 148, 149.

Orient, Roses in (Baker), 79.

Orobanchaces from Uganda, 193.

Orobanche minor, Sutt., 193.

Orthosiphon heterochrous, Brig., 109.
viatorum, S. Moore * , 199.

Osbeckia liberica, Stapf * , 98.
senegambiensis, Guill. 4. Perr., 98.

Osmunda regalis, Linn., 491.

Osteospermum muricatum, E. Mey.,

451.

Ostryocarpus major, Stapf * , 96.
riparius, Hook. f., 96.

Osyris abyəsinicus, Hochst., 209.

Otomeria lanceolata, Hiern, 300.
leptocarpa, S. Moore * , 299.
rupestris, Hiern, 300.

Ottelia Baumii, Giirke, 215.
ulviefolia, Walp., 57.

Oxalis corniculata, Linna var. stricta,

Oliver, 129.

Oxyantbus lepidus, S. Moore * , 160.
litoreus, S. Moore * , 159.
pallidus, Hiern, 107.
tenuis, Stapf * , 107.
unilucularis, Hiern, 160.

Oxygonum cordofanum, Dammer, 202.

Oxymitra Welwitschii, Hiern, 120.

Pachylepis, Brongn., 268.
Commersoni, Brongn., 273.
cupressoides, Brongn., 270, 273.

juniperoides, Brongn., 269, 273.

Pachystela Msola, Engl., 540.

565

Pacouria owariensis, Hiern, 179.
Petersiana, S. Moore * , 179.
var, Schweinfurthiana,
8. Moore * , 179.
Pepalanthus Wahlenbergii, Koern.,
476; mentioned, 428, 489.
Palms characteristic of East African
region, 117.
2undanacez from Uganda, 530.
Pandanus Candelabrum, Beauv., 530.
chiliocarpus, Stap/* , 530.
Panicum bifalcigerum, Stapf * , 531.
faleiferum, Trin., 531.
pyramidale, Lam., 52, 53, 54, 56;
termed “ Om-5u," 53, 56.
Pappea capensis, Eckl. d Zeyh., 138 ;
mentioned, 119, 535.
ug indensis, Baker f. * , 198; men-
tioned, 535.
Papyrus, Willd., 52, 54, 486; cf.
Cyperus Papyrus,
Parasia grandis, Hiern, 187.
Parinarium | euratellefolium, Planch.,
151, 535.
excelsum, Sabine, 536, 537.
Mobola, Oliwer, 442, 492, (pl. 18)
494.
Parkia filicoidea, Welw., 149, 594.
Parmelia cetrata, Ach., 266.
sphærosporella, Muell. Arg., 266.
Parolinia, Endl., 268.
Paropsia, Nor., 101.
Parsnip, Cow : sce Heracleum.
Parviflore, a small group constituted
(Kranzlin), 275.
Passifloracee from Uganda, 155.
Paullinia pinnata, Linn., 136; men-
tioned, 436, 486.
Pavetta assimilis, Sond., 162; distrib.,
119.
Bagshawei, S. Moore * , 163.
Barteri, Dawe * , 521.
disarticulata, Galpin, 521.
grumosa, S. Moore * , 162.
Oliveriana, Hiern, 162.
Phillipsim, S. Moore * , 309.
Pavonia hirsuta, Guill. d Perr., 486.
macrophylla, Æ. Mey., 125.
Peas, blaze-currents in, 36, 37, 41, 43.
Peat, only within tree limits, 351,
Pedalinew from Khodesia, 458; frum
Uganda, 193.
Peddica Fischeri, Engl., 204.
longiflora, &ngl. § Gilg, 304; in
Uganda, 118.
Pegolettia senegalensis, Cass., 321.
Pelargonium, D Hérit., blaze-currents
in (Waller), 40, 41, 50.
Pella geranisefolia, Fée, 480.
hastata, Link, 451.
pectinifurmis, Laker, 481.

566

Peltophorum africanum, Sond., 440 ;
fruit, 485,

Pentacarpæa arenaria, Hiern, 299.

Pentanisia rhodesiana, S. Moore, 3006.

Pentarrhinum — insipidum, EK. Mey.,
185.

Pentas /ongiflora, Oliver, 157.

occidentalis, Benth. § Hook.

re
Lr O.

Thomsonii, 8. Elliot, 157.
Perdicium abyssinicum, Hiern, 175.
Petioles, blaze-currents in, 40, 50.
Peucedanum fraxinifolium, Hiera, 157 ;

mentioned, 425, 446, 485, 542.
Phieophila, Mauck, 292,
Phæophyceæ, endophytic, 288. |
Phanerogams and Ferns of Gough

Island (Brown), 238-250.
Pharnaceum Zeyheri, Sond., 446; men-

tioned, 427, 490. |
P haseolus Mungo, Linna, in Acholi,
543.
Schimperi, Zaub., 146.
vulgaris, Savi, bicarpellary (Drab-
ble), 17-21 ; in Acholi, 548.
Phaylopsis longifolia, Z. Thoms., 461.
Philippia Holstii, ngl., 176.

Stuhlmannii, Engl, 536, 588.
Phænix reclinata, Jacq., 486, 488, 554,

536.

Phragmites communis,
56.
sp. at Victoria Falls,
mentioned, 458.
Phylica arborea, Thou., 241. |
mauritiana, Boj., 241.
nitida, Lam., 240, 241, 249;
Gough Island, 238, 239;
habitat of a fungus, 265.
Phyllanthus floribundus, Muell.
113, 210.

Niruri, Linn., 210, 469, 490.

profusus, N. i Br. * . 113

reticulatus, Poir., 210, 469, 480.

ugandensis, Rendle * , 210.
Physaloides somnifera, Moench, 188.
Physcia stellaris, Nyl., 267.
Phytolacca dodecandra, L Hérit., 202.
Phytolaccaceæ from Uganda, 202.
Picea »janensis, Mast., 418.

Alcockiana, Carr., 418.

asperata, Mast. * , 419.

aurantiaca, Mast. * , 420.

brachytila, Masi., 418.

likiangensis, Mest., 418.

Mastersii, Mayr, 421.

Maximowiezii, Regel, 419. |

Neoveitehii, Mast., 421. |

obovata, Ledeb., 419.
subvar. Loezyi,
var, Schrenkiana,

fs

Trin., 54,

59,

485, 486;

on
the

ATJ.,

Kanitz, 419.
Masi., 419.

INDEX.

Picea purpurea, Mesi. * , 418.
retroflexa, Mas/. * , 420.
Watsoniana, Mast. * , 419, 420.
Wilsoni, Mast., 421.

Pigments due to exposure, 388.

Pine, ascends to 1500 ft., 360;

Millstone-Grit, 395.
Pine: apples, cultivated near Hongkong,
62

Pines and bracken, 339.

Pine-splinters from peat, 359.

Pinnæ of Pteris, 269.

Pinnules of Pteris, 370.

Pinus Armandi, Franch., 415.
Bungeana, Zuce., 415.
densata, Mast. * , 416.
densiflora, Sieh. d Zuce.,
Henryi, Mast., 416.
Khasya, Royle, 415.
koraiensis, Sich, 4^ Zuce.,
luchuensis, Mast., 419.
mandshurica, Rupr., 418,
Massoniana, Lamb., 416;

at Hongkong, 59, 62.
parviflora, Sieb. d Zuce.,
prominens, Mast. * , 417.
scipioniformis, Mast., 415.
sinensis, Lamb., 416.
sylvestris, Linn., 350;

in peat, 358.
Thunbergii, Parl., 417.
yunnanensis, Franch., 415.

Piptadenia africana, Hook. f., 149.

Pistia Stratiotes, Linn., in Sudd,

53, DT.
Pisum sativum, Linn.,
in, 37, 41, 43-47.
Pittosporeæ from Uganda, 123.
Pittosporum abşssinicum, Del, 123;
the host of a Loranthus, 200.
Plagiochasma sp. (2), 485.
Plant associations at Victoria Falls,
484.
Plantago major, Linn., 241, 244.
Plateau region of Uganda, 117.

on

4106.

415.

planted
415.

occurring

52,

blaze-currents

Plectranthus floribundus, N. A. Zr,
464; mentioned, 427.
ugandensis, 5. Moore * , 900.

Plectronia abbreviatu, K, Schum., £08,
447.
Pleiotaxis Antunesii, O. Wi m., 920.
eximia, O. Hoffin., 32x
rugosa, O. Hoffin., m

Plumbaginacez from Rhodesia, 452 ;
from Uganda, 177, 522.
Plumbago Dawei, Rolfe * , 522.
zeylanica, Linn., 177, 452, 522, 523.

Poa annua, Linn., on Gough Island,
245 l
glacialis, Stapf * , 502 ; mentioned,
090.

INDEX,

Poa pseudopratensis, Hook. f., 532.

Podocarpus argotzenia, Hance, 414.
chinensis, Wall., 414.
latifolia, Wall., 414.
macrophylla, Wall., 414.
milanjiana, Kendle, 226;

tioned, 118, 538.
—— yar. arborescens, 534.
Nageia, /?, Br., 415.
neriifolia, D. Don, 414.
sutehuanensis, Franch., 414.

Podostemacem from Rhodesia, 465.

Pogge, his Angola coll., 259,

Pollichia campestris, Ait., 201, 465,

486.
Pollinia villosa, Spreng., 419, 487.
Polygala abyssinica, Fresen., 429; men-
tioned, 428.
Fischeri, Gürke, 124.
Gomesiana, Welw., 193, distrib. 118;
forma ugandensis, Baker f.*,
123.
persicariwfolia, DC., 125.
rigens, A. DC., 480; mentioned,
47.
rigens, Æ. Mey., 490.
Volkensii, Gürke, 123.
Polygalacez from Rhodesia, 429, 465 ;
from Uganda, 123, 202.

Polygonum barbatum, Linn., 202.
herniarioides, Del., 465.
lanigerum, X. Fr., 56.
tomentosum, X. Br., 56.

Polypeta!a from Uganda (Baker), 119-

157.

Polypodiaceæ from Rhodesia, 480.

Poly podium acunhianum, Carm., 248.
aquilinum, Zhou., 248, 250.
australe, Mett., 248.
calyptratum, Thou., 248.
Mathewii, 7utcher * , 68.
oodes, Kunze, 69.

Pennamarina, Poir., 246.
punctatum, Sw., var. rugulosum,

men-

Polysphwria arbuscula, K. Schum.,
306.
pedunculata, K. Schum., 806, 307.
zombensis, S. Moore * , 306, 329;
mentioned, 298.
Polystachez, series of Carex, 4.
Polystachya alpina, Lindl., 218, 219;
mentioned, 118.
aristulifera, Kendle * , 219.
eultrata, Lindl., 216.
fusiformis, Lindl., 220.
imbricata, Jto/fe, 217.
inconspicua, Zendie* , 218; dis-
trib., 118.
Kirkii, Rolfe, 218.
Kraenzlinii, 2//e, 217.

567

Polystachya musozensis, Rendle * , 217.
nigrescens, endle, 216; men-
tioned, 118.
nyanzensis, Kendle * , 217.
Polystictus sanguineus, G. F. W. Mey.
483, .
Polytrichum commune, Linn., 205.
Ponceletia arundinacea, Thou., 245.
Popowia Vogelii, Baiti., 81, 82.
Whytei, Stapf * , 8l.
Populus, Linn., new species (Haines),
407.
ciliata, Hook. f., 407, c. fig.
ciliata, Royle, 407, 409.
ciliata, Wall., 408.
Gamblei, Dode, sp. dub., 407.
Gamblei. Haines * , 407 c. fiz., 409.
glauca, Haines * , c. fig. 407, 408,
409.
Januginosa, Oliver, 408.
microcarpa, Hook. f., 408.
pyriformis, Royle, 407.
rotundifolia, Grif., 408.
Portulacex from Uganda, 124.
Potamogeton, Tourn., 235.
crispus, Linn., axillary scales, 223,
230.
fluitans, Rork, 474.
natans, Linn., 474;
428, 486.
pectinatus, Linn., mentioned, 57.
pertoliatus, Linn., axillary scales,
228, 230, (pl. 6) 237,
pusillus, Linn., 474.
sp., 07.
Pctamogetonaeez, axillary scales of,
9228; from Uganda, 226.

mentioned,

Premna, Linn., in Kalamet forests,
One
253.

maerosiphon, Baker, 197.
melanophylia, S. Moore * , 196.
Pretrea zanguebarica, J. Gay, 458,

490.
Propriz, subgen. of Carex, 15.
Prosopis, Linn., polycarpellary species
of, 20.
oblonga, Benth., 542.

Protea abyssinica, Willd., 466, 492.
madiensis, Oliver, 540, 542.
melliodora, Engl. 4 Gilg, 204.

Proteacem from Rhodesia, 460; from

Uganda, 204.
Pseudarthria Hockeri, Wight 4 Arn.,
144.
Pseuderanthemum
Büttn., 196.

Pseudocedrela, Harms, Clavis, 510.

excelsa, Dawe & Sprague * , 510,
511; mentioned, 536.

Kotsehyl, Merms, 510, S11; men-
tioned, 042, 544.

Ludovicianum,

558

Pseudocedrela utilis, Dawe & Sprague * ,
511,510; mentioned, 538, 541.
Pseudolachnostylis maprouneæfolia,
Pav, 469; mentioned, 428,
sp. aff., 468,
Pseudolarix Fortunei, Mayr, 424.
Pseudospondias microcarpa, Hugl., 139,
534, 536.
Pseudotsuga japonica, Hayata, 424.
Psilosaccæ group of Carex, 4.
Psilotum triquctrum, Sw., 458,
Psophocarpus — longepedunculatus,
Hassk., 01.
Psorospermum febrifuguin, Spach, 125,
Psychotria cristata, Hiern, 164.
cristata, Hiern, 309.
Pteridetuim, fern association, 365.
Pteridium aquilinum, Kuhn, 365.
Pteris aquilina, Linn., 338; ascending
to 1700 ft., 360; competing with
Holcus, 544; covering large
tracts, 350; developed towards
the west of the area, 354; domi-

nant, 359, 2395; figures ex-
plained, 404-406 ; map of dis-
trib., 539; — affected by soils,

363; mentioned, 333, 834, 337,
296-308 ; on Coal-Measure area,
355, 362, 968; structure, 368-
379; with Scilla, 343.
incisa, Thunb., 245.
longifolia, Linn., 491.
pal ia formis, Thou., 246:
quadriaurita, Retz., var. 481, 488,
vespertilionis p, R. Br, 246.
—— 6. Carmichaeliana, Agh., 245.
Pterocarpus angolensis, A. DC., 439,
492; mentioned, 426.
erinaceus, Lam., 439.
Pteroglossaspis Carsoni, Rolfe, var.
major, Rendle * , 216.
ruwenzorlensis, ZJ'o/fe, 216; men-
tioned, 113.
Pterolobium lacerans, X. Br., 148, 440.
Pterygota sp. at Ankole, 536.
Pupalia lappacea, Moq.- Tand., 202.
Pycnanthus Schweinfurthii, Warb., 534.
Pyenospora hedysarioides, W. Br., 144.
Pyenostachys ruwenzoriensis, Baker,
201.
Pycreus Mundtii, Nees, 477, 487.

Quercus attenuata, Skan, mentioned,

60 (mispr. alternata).

Eyrei, Benth., history, 00.

Frei, Champ., 68.

llex, Linn., Cyrtandra resembling,
2S2.

iteaphylla, Hence, 67.

polystachya, Hall., 6 ; distrib., 59.

INDEX.

Quereus Robur, Linn., dominant, 338,
347, 890.
Quick grass ; see Holeus mollis.

Rifts of Sudd-plants, 55,

Rainfall on Moss Moor, ete., 855-350.

Ramalina scopulorum, Ach., 266.

Rand Dr, R. F., African coll., 298.

Randia castaneofulva, 5. Moore * , 304,
dumetorum, Hiern, 520.
dumetorum, Lam., 519.
Lachnosiphonium, Hochst., 520.
maculata, DC., 158.
micrantha, — var.

Schum., 304.
var. Zenkeri, S.

K.

Poggeana,

Moore *

304.
nilotica, Stapf*, 519, 52
tioned, 544.
penduliflora, K. Schum., 305.
physophylia, K. Schum., 158.
Ranunculaceæœ frow Uganda (Baker),
119.
Ranunculus membranaceus, Fres., 119.
pinnatus, Oliver, 119.
Raphia Monbuttorum, Drude, 534,
Rauwolfia vomitoria, 4/2., 180.
Rawsonia ugandensis, Dawe §
Sprague * , 500.
Red pigment in exposed leaves, 388.
Regions of Uganda, 117.
Remotie, series of Carex, 3.
Rendle, A. B. Convolvulaceg
Uganda, 159.
Rhacomitrium flavescens, Card., 261.
Rhamneæ from Uganda, 135,
Rhamphicarpa Heuglinii, Hochst., 191.
montana, N. Æ. Br., 490.
tul ulosa, Benih., 457, 486.
Rhizomes in Sudd, 52, 54,
Pteris, 268, 376-379,
Rhizophoraceæ from Uganda. 515.
Rhodesia, Botany of (Gibbs), 425-
494.
Rhododendron Chaimpionz, Hook, in
New Territory, 61.
Fordii, Hemsl., distrib., 62.
Westlandii, Hemsl., distrib., 62.
Rhodoleia Championi, Mook., distrib.,
59.
Rhus glaucescens, 4. Rich., 139.
insignis, Oliver [non Hook, f.!,
535.
lancea, Linn., 437.
villosa, Linn. f., 487.
var. tomentosa, Oliver, 139,
Rhynchosia eyanosperma, Benth., 146.
resinosa, Hochst., 147, 459.
Rhynchostegitm — rhaphiderbynehum,
Paris, 265.

Inen-

of

50; of

Riecia fluitans, Linn., 485.
Rieciace:e from Rhodesia, 495.

Rice eultivation near Hongkong, 62.
Rieinodendron africanum, Muell. Arg.,

540, 541.

Roots of Scilla, 383.

Rosa abietina, Gren., 77.
abyssinica, R. Br., 12.
acicularis, Lindl., 73.
agrestis, Savi, 15.
alba x, Linn., 7 Ti.

Alberti, Regel, 7

alpina, Linn., Td.

altaica, Willd., 75.
anemoneflora X, Fortune, 72.
anserine folia, Boiss., T4.
arahica, Crép., T5.
arkansana, porter, 76.
arvensis, Huds., 72.
arvensis X canina, T2
arvensis X sempervirens, T2.
arvensis X systyla, T2.
arvina X, Krock., D
asperrima, Godet, 7
Banksia, A. Br., 73.
Banksie X levigata, T3.
Beatricis, Burn, & Gremli,
Beggeriana, Schrenk, Tt.
berberifolia, Pall., 72.
bifera X, Poir., 76.
biturigensis x, Bore: au, 75.
blanda, Ait., 76.

blanda X rugosa, TO.
Bourboniana X. Thory, 16.
bractescens, Wendl., 7
Briggsii, Baker, TS.
Brunonis, Lindl., 73
byzantina X, Dieck, 7

77

californica, Cham. d Se "m , 14.

calocarpa X, André, T4.
canina, Linn., TT.
canina X gallica, TT.
capreolata, Neill, 72.
carelica, Fries, 73.
carolina, Linn., T4.
caryophyllacea, Bess., 78.
caucasica, Pall., 7
centifolia, Linn., T6.
Chavini, Rapin, 77.
cinerascens, Dumort., 78.
cinnamomea, Linn., T3.
cinnamomea x gallica, T3.
clinophylla, Thory, 73.
Collettii, Crép., T3
collina X, Jacq., 77.
coronata X, Crép., 75
coriifolia, Fries, T TT.
damascena X, Mill., T6.
Davidi, Crép., 73.
davurica, Pall., 19.
dichroa X Leresch, 75.

569

Rosa Dicksoni X, Lindl., 77

Diomedis, Gren., 1T.
dumalis, Bechst., 77.
dumetorum, Thuill., 77.
Wee, Altch., 75.
Eglanteria, Linn., 74.
elliptica, Tausch., 78.
elymaitica, Boiss., T+.
Engelmanni, S. Wats.. 73.
Fedschenkoana, Pegel, 14.
Fendleri, Crép., 74.
ferruginea, Vill., 77
ferva, Bieb., T8.
Jloribunda X, Andr., 76.
foliolosa, Nutt., 74.
Fortuneana X, Lindl., 73.
Jraucofurtana X, Muench., 73
Jravinifolia, Borkh., 76
gallica, Linn., TO.
gallica X ar vensis, 76.
gallica X mose hata, 76.
gallıcoides x, Baker, 76.
gallinaria, Burn. & Gremli, 77.
geminata X, Rau, 76.
gentilis X, Sterab., 15.
gigantea, Collett, TT.
glauca, Vik., TT.
glauca X alpina, T1.
glutinosa, Sibth. d Sm., 73.
Gmelini, Bunge, T3.
grandiflora, Lindl., 75.
graveolens, Gren., 78.
gymnocarpa, Nutt., 74.
Hardii x , Cels, 72.
hawreana X, Kinet, T8.
Heckeliana, Tratt., T3.
hemisphærica, Herm., 79.)
hibernica X, Sm., T9.
hispida, Sims, 75.
hudsoniana, Thory y, 74.
humilis, Marsh., 74.
hungarica, Kerner, 78.
hybrida X, Schleich., 76.
incarnata X, Mill., 77.
indica, Lian., partim, 76,
indica, Linn., partim, 73.
indica X alpina, 76.
indica X arvensis, T6.
indica X gallica, TÒ.
indica X moschata, T6.
involucrata, Jtoxh., T3.
involuta X, Sm., T5.
Iwara X, Sieb. & Zuec., 14.
Jemensis, M. Schultz, 78.
Jundzilli, Bess., 73.
kamschatica, Vent., 74.
Klukii, Bess., 78.
lwvigata, Michx., 73.
levigala X bractescens, T9.
levigata X indica, T3.
luncifolia, Small, 14.

Rosa Lawrenceana, Sweet, 76.

laxa, Retz, 14.

laxa, Lindl., 76.

Leschenaultiana, Wight 4 Arn., 72
in India, 79.

longicuspis, Bert., 72.

longifolia, Willd., 76.

Lucie, Franch. & Savat., 72.

lucida, Ehrh., 74.

lucida, Lawr., 19.

lutea, Hort., 73.

lutea, Mill., 74.

lutescens, Pursh, 75.

Lyeltii. Lindl., 73.

macrantha X, Desf., 77.

macrophylla, Lindl., 73.

majalis, Herm., 73.

Malyi, Kerner, 75.

Mareyana x, Boul., 78.

Melsini X, Towndr., 72.

mexicana, S. Wats., 74; in
Mexico, 79.

micrantha, Sm., 78.

miera ithoides, Keller, 78.

microcarpa, Lindl., T3.

microphylla, Lindi., 73.

minutifolia, Engelm., T5.

mollis, Sm., 78.

mollissima, Fries, 78.

montana, Chaix, TT.

Montezume, H. B. & K., T7; in
Mexico, 79.

moschata, Herm., T2; in Abys-
sinia, 79.

moschata x gallica, T2.

multiflora, hund., 72.

multiflora x Banksie, 72.

multiflora x indica, T2.

muscosa, Mill., 76.

myriacantha, DO., 75.

nemorosa, Libert, 73.

nipponensis, Crép., 73.

nitida, Wild., T.

nivea X, Dupori, 72.

nodosa, Fries, 75.

Noisettiana X, Thory, TG.

nutkana, Presl, T4

obtusifolia, Dess., 77.

odoratissima, Sweet, 76.

omissa, Déségl., 78.

oplisthes, Boiss., 75.

orientalis, Dupont, 78.

parviflora, Ehrh., 74, 76.

perviridis X, Gren., 72.

phænicea, Boiss., 72.

phenicea X gallica,

pimpinellifolia, Linn., 75.

pisocarpa, A. Gray (mispr. pisci-
carpa), a

Pissardi, Carr., 72.

platyacantha, Schrenk. 75

72

INDEX.

Rosa Polliniana X, Spreng., 76.
polyantha X, Hort., 72.
pomilera, Herm., 77,
pomifera X cinnamomea,
pomponia, DO., T6.
Pouzini, Tratt., i.
Prattii, Hemsl.,
prostrata, DQ., A
provincialis, Min ^ 76,
pseudo-indica, Lindl., 76,
punicea, Mill., 74
pyrenaica, Gonan, 75.
l'apini, Boiss., 75.
reclinata X, Thory, 76.
recondita, Puget, 7 TT.
repens, Sc op., 72.
reversa X, Waldst. & Kit., 75.
Reuteri, Rapin, 77.
rhetica, Keller, 77.
Robertsoni x, Baker, 75.
rubella X, Bm., T5.
rubiginosa, Linn, T8.
rubiginosa x lutea, T8.
rubra, Hort., T5.
rubrifolia, Vill
ruga x, Lindl,
rugosa, Thunb. T4.
rugosa X indica, T4.
rugosa X multiflora, T4.
rusticana X, Déségl., 72.
sabauda X, Rapin, 75.
Sabini X, Woods, 75.
salevensis X, Rapin, 77.

TT.

o TT.
76
16

sancta, A. Rich., 76; in Abyssinia,

79.
Sazi, Schwein., 76.
scabriuscula, Winch, 78.
Schultzii x, Ripart, 75.
semperflorens, Curt., 76.
sempervirens, Linn., 72.
sepium, Thuill, , T8.
Seraphini, J m 73.
sericea, Lindl., 73.
seligera X gallica, T2
setigera, Michx. 72.
scandens, Mill., 72.
sicula, Tratt. ; TR.
simplicifolia, Salish., 72,

simplicifolia X in volucrata, T2.

sinica, Lindl., 73.
spinosissima, Linn., 75.
spinosissima X alpina, T5.
spinosissima X canina, T5.
spinosissima X glauca, T5.
spinosissima X mollis, TD.
spinosissima X rubiginosa, T5.
spinosissima X tomentosa, T5.
spinulifolia X, Demar., 78.
stellata, Wootton, 75.
stylosa, Desv., 72.
suberistata, Baker. TT.

INDEX.

78.

n»

Rosa subglobosa, Sm
sulphurea, Ait.,
systyla, Past., 72.
tetrapetala, Royle, 73.
tomentella, Leman, 77,
tomentosa, Sm., 78.
tomentosa X alpina, 78.
tomentona X gallica, TS.
trachyphylla, Rau, 78.
turbinata, Ait., 73,
urbica, Leman, 77.
villosa, Linn., partim, 77.
virginea, Ripart, 72.
virginiana, K. Koch, 76.
virginiana, Miil., T4.
Watsoni, Baker, 77.
Watsoniana, Crép. (mispr.

soniniana), 72.
Webbiana, Wall., 13.
Wichuræana, Crép., 72.
Wichureana X rugosa, 72.
Willmottiana, Baker, 76.
Wilsoni x, Borr., 15.
Woodsii, Lindl., 14.
xanthina, Lindl., 75.

Rosaceæ from Rhodesia, 442; from
Uganda, 151, 514.

Roses, revised classification (Baker),
70-79.

Rotala brevistyla, Baker f. * , 153.

cordifolia, Baker, 445.
fontinalis, Hiern, 154.
longistyla, Gibhs * , 445, 487.

Royena pallens, Thunb., 453 ; in flower,
431.

Rubia cordifolia, Linn., 164.

Rubiaces, African (Moore), 299-311;
from Rhodesia, 446; from Uganda,
157, 517.

Rubiginosx (Rosm), 71, 78.

Rubus apetalus, Poir, 151, 514.

Chamæmorus, Linn., in Moss Moor,

358.

Doggettii, C. H. Wright, 558.
hexagynus, Koxb., Chinese locality,

61.
inedulis, Po/fe*, 514; its galled

fruit, 515.
sp., 151.

Ruchiggu hills, plants coll. at, 116, 117.

Rufüa River, plants from, 116.

Rumex abyssinicus, Jacg., 202.

var. angustisectns, Hvg/., 202.
frutescens, Zhou., on Gough Island,

239, 243.
obtusifolius, Linn., 241, 243.
sp. on Gough Island, 240,

Ruppia, Linn, axillary scales, 280,
expl. fig. 237.

Rutaceæ from Rhodesia, 454; from
Uganda, 150, 504.

.9
7

Wat-

c

| Rutidea ferruginea, Hiern, 309.
hirsuta, /7iern, 309.
rufipilis, Hiern, 163.

Ruwenzori vegetation, 538.

Sabicea discolor, Stapf* , 105.
ferruginea, Berth., 106
lasiocalyx, Stapf * , 106.
venosa, Benth., 105.
Sagittaria, Rupp., Note on, 236.
sagittifolia, Linn., axillary scales,
228, 232, expl. fig. 237.
Salicineæ from Rhodesia, 471.

|
|
|
|
|

Salix capensis, Zhunb., 471.
sp., 486.
Samydacexw from Uganda, 154.
Sansevieria Dawei, Stapf * , 529.
guineensis, Willd.. 53, 58, 529.
Santalacez from Rhodesia, 468 ; from
Uganda, 209.
Santalum, Linn., species supposed to
supply Kalamet, 250,
album, Linn., 251.
Sapindacee from Rhodesia, 436; from
Uganda, 136.
Sapium Mannianum, Hiern, 213,
Sapotaceze from Uganda, 177, 523.
Sarcocephalus Russeggeri, Kotschy,
541.
Sarcostemma viminale, X. Br., 185,
454, 496.
Satyrium coriophoroides, 4. Rich
niloticum, Rendle, 222,
Sawer, E. R., African coll., 299.
Saxilragaces from Rhodesia, 442.
Seales, axillary, of aquatic Monocoty-
ledons (Gibson), 228-237.
Schizæaceæ from Rhodesia, 482.
Sehizoglossum eximium, N. E. Br.,
536.
Petherickianum, Oliver, var. cor-
data, S. Moore * , 184.
Schuhertia, Spreng., 268
capensis, Spreng., 269, 273.
Scilla ehlorantha, Baker, 225.
festalis, Salisb., 340 ; bulbs in soil,
343: — elongated, 382; compe-
tition, 342; figures explained,
404-405; in BirksWood, 341, 542;
inap of distrib., 340; mentioned,
333, 334, 348, 349, 396, 397 ; in
Coal-Measure area, 9355, 362;
structure, 879-383.
lancerelolia, Baker, 473, 490.
Scirpus, Tourn., determ. by C. B. Clarke,
241; forming sward, 240.
conspersus, Boeck., 244.
fluitans, Linn., 477.
Moseleyanus, Boeck., 245.
pullescens, Boeck., 244.

9909

T

572

Scirpus paludicola, Kunth, 477, 487, |
488. |
prolifero-ramosus, Boeck., 944. |
squarrosa, Spreng., 244. |
sulcatus, Thou., 244.
var, Mosedeyanus, Hemsl., 244,
245.
supinus, Linn., 477. |
Thouarsianus, Schult., 914.
var, bicolor, Hemsl., 244.
—-— var, pallescens, Hemsl., 244.
Thouarsii, Spreng., 244.
virens, Boeck., 244. |
Sclerocarya Birroea, Hochst., 544. |
'affra, Sond., 436.
Sclerochiton Holstii, C. B. Clarke, 195.
Scotch Fir in pear, 578,
Scrophularines: from Rhodesia, 456;
from Uganda, 189.
Scutia indica, Brongn., var. oblongi-
folia, Engl., 135.
Sea-grape [Ascophyllum?], blaze-eur-
rent, 37.
Sen-plants devoid of blaze-current, 40.
Secamone phyllyreoides, S. Moore * ,
182.
platystigma, K. Schum., 182.
rariflora, S. Moore * , 183.
Stuhlmanni, K. Sehwin., 183,
Whytet, N. E. Br., 183.
Securidaca iongepedunculata, Fres., 124;
mentioned, 426, 535.
var. parviflora, Oliver, 480,
Sedges in Sudd, 53.
Seeds, loss of blaze-currents in, 40.
Selaginex from Rhodesia, 462.
Selaginella, Beauv., 2290; anatomy
(Gibson), 236; ligule, 928, 234.
imbricata, Spring, 483, 485, (p!. 17)
4094.
rupestris, Spring. A82. 401.
Selaginellaceze from Rhodesia, 482.
Semliki Valley, its vegetation, 539.
Senecio abyssinicus, Sch. Bip., 323.
adnivalis, Stapf * , 521; mentioned,
589,
Bagshawei, S, Moore * , 173.
barbertonieus, Klatt, var. micro-
cephala, 5. Moore * , 451.
Baumii, O. Hoffin., 450.
Burtoni, Hook. f., 174.
erubescens, Ail., 450; mentioned,
427, 480.
Johnstoni, Oliver, 521. |
keniensis, Baker f., 521. |
lasiorhizus, DC., 450 ; mentioned,
490.
maranguensis, O. Hoffm., 174.
multicorymbosus, A/a//, 173,
Ommanei, S. Moore * , 324,
Petitianus, A. ich. VTA.

TNDEN.

Senecio rosmarinifolius, Linn, 450;
mentioned, 427.
ruwenzoriensis, S. Moore, 174;

mentioned, 118, 541.
Serra, Sond., 325.
subseandens, Hochst., 174.
svcephyllus, S. Moore * , 324.
tabulicolus, Baker, 173.
tenellulus, S, Moore * , 440; men-
tioned, 484.
Vallis-Gratiz, Dolus, 324.

Sesamum Baumii, S/epf. 458, 486.
calycinum, Welw., 193.
indicum, Linn., in Acholi, 545.

Sesbania aculeata, Poir, 143.
mevptinea, Pers., 54, 57, 143.

Shade-leaves, 367 ; — trees, 3238,

Shamba, Sudd near, 51, 53,

Sida carpinifolia, Linn, £, 125,
longipes, //. Mey., 430, 499,

Sim, D., plants collected by, 80.

Simarubaceæ from Uganda, 131, 505.

Sunplicifoliw (Rosa), 71, 72.

Sinoe River, new plants from, 80.

Siphonanthus capitata, S. Moore *,

198.
myricoides, Hiern, 198.
nuxiotdes, S. Moore * , 197.
rotundifolia, S. Moore * , 108.

Sloanea hongkongensis, Hemsl, its
localitv, 60.

Smilax Kraussiana, Meissn., 224.

Smith, Robert, his application of Fla-
hault's system, 336.

Smithia wschynomenoides, Welw., 144.

Kotschyi, Benih., 144.

Smoke-cloud of Yorkshire detrimental
to tree-growth, 362, 387.

Soft Grass, see Holeus mollis.

Soils affecting distribution, 363; map
of, 540; near Huddersfield, affecting
plants. 334.

Solanaceæ from Uganda, 188.

Solanum hastitolium, Hochst., 188,

vakurense, C. H. Wright, 188.

Somali region of Uganda, 117.

Sonchus Bipontini, Aschers., 56.

var. pinnatifidus, Oliver &

Hiern, 175.
oleraceus, Linn., on Gough Island,
240, 241, 245,

Sopubia conferta, S. Moore * , 191.
karaguensis, Oliver, 101.
ramosa, Hochst., 101.
simplex, Hochst., 457.
ugandensis, S. Moore * , 192.

Soyauxia gabonensis, Oliver, 102.
glabrescens, Hg/., 102.
grandifolia, Stapf * , 102.

Spartina arundinacea, Carm., 245;
Gough Island, 240, 249.

D50.

on

INDEX. 73

Spathodea campanulata, Beauv., 193.

Speke and Grant collections mentioned,
117.

Sphæranthus suaveolens, DC., 168.

Sphærothylax sp., 466, 486.

Sphagnum acutifolium, Hirh., 264.

Sphedamnocarpus galphimiæfolins,
Szyszyl., 434; mentioned, 427.

Sphenogyne brachyloba, Kunze, 325,

329

tenuifolia, DC., 325.
Spilanthes Acmella, Murr., 170.
Spinosissimæ ( Rosze), 71, 74.
Spiropetalum heterophyllum, Gilg, 03.
triplinerve, Stapf * , 93.
Sporangia of Endoderma, 291-2.
Spores of Endoderma, 292.
Sprague, T. A., help acknowledged, 81.
Spruce forests, Vaccinium in, 387.
Stapelia sp., 491.

Stairs, Lieut., his coll. mentioned,
117.
Sterculia, Linn., 250, 258; in fruit,
485.

cinerea, A, Rich., 541.
sp., 126.

Sterculiaceze. from Rhodesia, 432;
Uganda, 126, 504.
Stereospermum Kunthianum,

541.
Stictina fuliginosa, Nyl., 267.
Stigeoclonium, Kuefz., 289.
Stramentitize, a group of Carex, 4.
Stratiotes, Linn., Note on, 236.
Aloides, Linn., axillary scales, 229,
233, expl. fig. 237.

Streblonema, Derb. f° Sol., endophytic, |

288.

intestinum, Holmes § Batters, 295,

290.
parasiticum, De Toni, 296.
Zunardinii, De Toni, 206, 207.
Striga canescens, Engl., 191.
elegans, Benth., 190.
Strombosia sp. in Ankole, 536.
Strophanthus bracteatus, Franch., 180.
hispidus, DC., 180,
Radeliffei, S. Moore * , 180,
Structure as affected by environment,
366.
Strychnos Burtoni, Baker, 541, 542,
sp., 491.

Stuhlmann, Dr., his coll. mentioned,

Li.
Styasasin, S, Moore * , 105.
africana, S. Moore * , 195; expla-
nation of pl. 2, 227.

195.
Sudan, Sudd in, 51.
Sudd formation (Broun), 51-58.

Chain.,

var. parviflora, S. Moore *,

Sugar-bush, local name for Protea,
400.

Sugar cultivation near Hongkong, 62.
Summary of Huddersfield vegetation
factors, 305-398. `

Sun-leaves, 367.

Sutera Burkeana, Hiern, 457.

micrantha, Hiern, 456.

Sycamore, a shade tree, 337, 838, 312,
347 ; dominant, 350.

Symphonia globulifera, Lis». f, 535,
537, 538.

Systyle (Rosæ), 71, 72.

Taiwania, Hayata * , 330, 331.
ervptomerioides, Hayata*, 330,
331, 424.

Tuiwanites, Hayata, 330,

Talinum euneitolium, Willd., 194.

Tamarindus indicus, Linn., 541.

Tarchonanthus | camphoratus,
449; mentioned, 425,

Tardavel andongensis, Hiern, 164.

Tarenna affinis, S. Moore * , 158.

conferta, Hiern, war. macrantha,
K. Schum., 303.

congensis, Hiern, 106.

congensis, Hiern, 302.

flavo-fusea, S. Moore * , 509, 303.

Gossweileri, S. Moore * , 303.

patens, S. Moore * , 302.

Tarrietia, Blume, a possible source of
Kalamet, 252, 255.

Taxus baceata, Linn., 414.

Teak, Rhodesian, 441.

Temperatures, 345-346 ; Millstone-Grit
area, 356; Coal-Measure area, 357;
probable for Moss Moor, 357.

earth, 345-346 ; Millstone-CGrit
area, €56; Coal-Measure area, 357.

Tenaris rostrata, N. Æ. Br., 186.

Tephrosia lupinifolia, DC., 490.

lurida, Sond., 438.
Nyasæ, Baker f. * , 143.
paniculata, Welw., 143.
radicans, Welw., 490.
Vogelii, Hook. f., 143.
Teratologie French beans, 17.
Terminalia brachystemma, Welw., 444.
Dawei, Rolje *, 516; mentioned,
542.
glaucescens, Planch., 517.
macroptera, @uill d Perr, 51G,
517, 542.
sericea, Burch , 491.
silozensis, G@ibbs*, 444, (pl. 20)
494.
Spekei, /offe * , 516, 542.
sp. in. fruit, 485.
torulosa, Engl. & Diels, 516.
velutina, Rolfe * , 517, 540.

Linn.,

574 INDEX.

Tetracera alnifolia, Willd., 120.
lecocarpa, Stapf*, 8l (mispr.
'Tetraceras).
podotricha, Gilg, 120. |
potatoria, 4/2., 8]. |
Tetraclinis §, distinct from Widdring-
tonia, 267.

Tetrapleura nilotica, Schweinf., 542,544.

Teucrium Seorodonia, Linn., in Birks
Wood, 343,

Thalictrum rhynehoearpum, Dillon. &
A, Rich., 119.

Thamnosoma africanum, Engl, var. |

rhodesicum, Baker f., A34. |

Thie sha, 421. |

Thonningia sanguinea, Vahl, 209.

Thuia, Linn., species referred to Wid-

dringtonia, 268. Cf Thuya. |

Thunbergia alata, Boj., 193. |
—— var. vixalata, Burkill, 193.

Thuya aphylla, Burm., 273.
cupressoides, Linn., 270, 272
gigantea, Nuit., 412. |
javanica, Linn., Hort. Oliff., 270.
japonica, Maxim., 412.
orientalis, Linn., 412. |
plicata, Donn, 412. |
sutchuanensis, Franch., 412.

Thymelraceæ from Rhodesia, 466;

from Uganda, 204.
Tilincese from Rhodesia, 432; from
Uganda, 128, 503.

Tiliacora funifera, Oliver, 429, 486.

Timber, found buried, 558.

Tinospora tenera, Miers, 121.

Tissues, electric currents in (Waller),
32-50; in sun or shade, 367.

Toddalia nobilis, Oliver, 130.

Toke Kuru, 158.

Torilis gracilis, Engl., 157.

Toro, its vegetation, 537.

Torreya grandis, Fortune, 414.
nucifera, Sieb, 4 Zuec., 414.

Toungkalamet, 252.

Tragia Volkensii, Pax, 213; distrib.,

118.

Trapa bispinosa, Korb., 53, 56.

Treculia africana, Decne., 214.

Tree-growth hindered by smoke, 362.

Trees, map of, 352; alluded to, 3 5.

Trema affinis, Blume, 214.

Tricalysia buxifolia, Hiern, 161.
Gossweileri, S. Moore * , 805.
griseiflora, K. Schum., 306; men-

tioned, 328.
jasminiflora, Hook. f., 446, 499.
milanjensis, S. Moore*, 328 ;
mentioned, 298.
oligoneura, K. Schum., 805.
Trichilia emetica, Fak} 53, 57, 1
435, 486, 544.

33,

Trichodesma physaloides, Fenzl, 455,
490, 492.
Trichosaceæ, group of Carex, 4.
Trifolium polystachyum, Fres., 14.
subrotundum, Hochst. § Steud.,
141.
Triglochin maritimum, Linn., axillary
scales, 228, 230,
palustre, Linn., axillary scales, 228,
930.
Trimeria macrophylla, Bawer fF. * , 154 ;
explanation of pl. 1, 226.
tropica, Burkill, 155.
Triplochiton, K. Schum., 255-260.
Triplochitonacee, 255, 259.
Tristan da Cunha, its ‘flora compared to
that of Gough Island, 240, 241.
Tristicha alternifolia, Tul, 465, 466,
486,
trifaria, Tul., 465, 486.
Triumfetta annua, Linn., 128.
macrophyila, A. Schum., 503.
pilosa, oth, 128.
rhomboidea, Jacq., 128.
ruwenzoriensis, Sprague * 508,
Welwitschii, Mast., 432, 490.
Tsuga, Carr., 331.
Drunoniara, Carr., 421.
chinensis, Mast., 421.
diversifolia, Mast., 422
Sieboldi, Carr., 421.
yunnanensis, Mast., 421.
Turneraceæw from Rhodesia, 446; from
Uganda, 155.
Turræa nilotica, Kotschy & Peyr., 544.
Randii, Baker f., 485; mentioned,
425, 402.
Vogelii, Hook. f., 182.
Tylophora conspicua, N. Æ. Dr. * , 100,
155.
liberica, N. K. Br. * , 109,
Typha angustifolia. Linn., 53T.
australis, Schum. & Thonn., D2, 54,
56.

Uganda plants, 116- 227, 495-544.

Ukobobo, 185.

Ulmus montana, Stokes, dominant, 250;
in woods, 337, 338, 542, 347.

Unibelliferzie from Rhodesia, 446 ; from
Uganda, 156.

Uncaria hispida [= hirsuta ?, Havil.],
Chinese lacalities, 61.

Undergrowth, map of, 353; alluded to,
365

United States, Roses in (Baker), 79),

Unyoro, its vegetation, 540.

Urera eameroonensis, Wedd., 214.

Urginea sanguinea, Schinz, 473.

Urobotrya, Stapf *. 89; distrib., 8I.

angustifolia, Stapf * , 89.

INDEX.

Urobotrya latifolia, Stapf * , 89. |
minutiflora, Stapf * , 90.
Urticaceæ from Rhodesia, 470; from |
Uganda, 213. |
Usnea barbata, Fries, 266.
sp., on Ruwenzori, 539.
Utricularia exoleta, A. Br.,
489.
firmula, Welw., 457; mentioned,
487, 489.
Gibbsiæ, Stapf, 458.
Kirkii, Stapf, 457, 487.
Oliveri, Kam., 53, 56.
transrugosa, Stapf, 458, 489.
Welwitschii, Oliver, 457, 489.
Uvaria bukobensis, Hngi., 120.
Kirkii, Oliver, 121.
sp., 120.
Welwitschii, Engl. § Diels, 120.

458, 487, -

Vaccinium Myrtillus, Linn., 333; as |
undergrowth, 360, 362 ; covering
large tracts, 350; figures ex-
plained, 406; in Birks Wood, |
243; in Spruce forests, 387, note ; |
limit, 365; mentioned, 333, 334, |
347, 396-398 ; on Coal-Measure |
area, 362; on Millstone-Grit,
335; on Moss Moor, 354, 358,
395; on peat, 359; structure,
387-391.

uliginosum, Linn., var. micro- |
phyllum, 388. |

Vitis-idæa, Linn., on Moss Moor, |
358; mentioned, 388.

Vahlia capensis, Thunb., 442, 490.
Vallisneria spiralis, Linn., 56,486; axil-
lary scales, 229, 234 ; expl. fig. 287.

Vangueria apiculata, K. Schum., 101.
edulis, Vahl, 544.

Randii, S. Moore, 309.
tetraphylla, Schweinf’, 020.
Vegetable tissues and electric currents
(Waller), 32-50.
Vegetation of Buddu, ete., 533;
woodlands in maps, 336.

Veld in Rhodesia, 484.

Vellozia sp., 485, 491.

Verbenacez from Rhodesia, 463; from |

Uganda, 196.

Vernonia amygdalina, Del., 167.
auriculifera, Hiern, 167.
brachycalyx, O. Hoffm., 166.
Calvoana, Hook. f., 166.
Caput-Meduse, 5. Moore * , 166.
chthonocephala, O. Hoffm., 312.
Dekindtii, O. Hoffim., 311.
Elliotii, S. Moore, 166.

of

filipendula, Hiern, 313.

LINN. JOURN.— BOTANY, VOL, XXXVII.

575
Vernonia gerberiformis, Oliver & Hiern,
12.

glaberrima, Welw., 313.
Gossweileri, S. Moore * , 312.
infundibularis, Oliver 4 Hiern,
54l.
Kraussii, Sch. Bip., 447, 490.
lampropappa, O. Hoffm., 314.
lasiolepis, O. Hoffm., 313.
nandensis, S. Moore, 167.
phyllodes, Hiern, 311.
podocoma, Sch. Bip., 167, 447.
polysphera, Baker, 311.
rotundisquama, S. Moore * , 212.
sculptifolia, Hiern, 311.
senegalensis, Less., 167, 488.
Tenoreana, Oliver, 167.
Thomsoniana, Oliver & Hiern, 167.
violacea, Oliver & Hiern, 311.
Vicia sativa, Linn., var. abyssinica,
Baker, 144.
Vigna tragrans, Baker f. * , 146.
luteola, Benth, var. 3, villosa,
Baker, 439, 486.
nilotiea, Hook. f., 52, 56.
triloba, Walp., 146.
forma, 489.
Vigneandra, subgen. of Carex, 3; species
in, 5.
Vignegyne, subgen. of Carex, 3; species
in, 6.

Villosæ (Rosæ), 71, 77.

Violaceæ from Uganda, 497.

Viscum Bagshawei, Rendle * , 208.
dichotomum, D. Don, 207.
Fischeri, ngl., 208.

Goetzei, Engl., 209.

nyanzense, Rendle * , 208.

Schimperi, Hng/., 209.

tuberculatum, A. Rich., 208.

verrucosum, Harv., 468, (pl. 20)
494.

Vitex Cienkowskii, Ko/sehy d Peyr.,

541

flavescens, Rolfe, in flower, 484;
mentioned, 427.

Hildebrandtii, Vatke, 453.

isotjensis, Gibbs * , 463.

Mechowii, Giirke, 463.

var. parviflora, Gibbs * , 463.

Vitis ibuensis, Baker, 52, 56.

Voacanga obtusa, K. Schum, 180.

Wahlenbergia caledonica, Sond., 459.
Walafrida angolensis, Ro/fe, 462.
chongweensis, Rolfe * , 462, 486.
Wallichian Herbarium, species of Im-
patiens in (Hooker), 22-32.
Waltheria americana, Linn., 128.
Warburgia Stuhlmannii, Eng/.,498, 499.

20

Warburgia ugandensis, Sprague * , 498 ;
anatomy, 499, pl. 21, desc., 544;
mentioned, 537.

Watercress, blaze-currents in, 38.

Water-plants, blaze-currents in, 38.

Watson, H. C., on distribution, 335.

Wavy Hair Grass, see Deschampsia
flexuosa.

Webera albicans, Schimp., 264.

congensis, Stapf * , 106.
gracilis, Stapf * , 106.

Wheat cultivation, region of, 355.

Whitfieldia tanganyikensis, C. B. Clarke,
193.

Whyte, A., his African collections, 79,
298.

Widdringtonia, Fadl., Notes

(Masters), 267-274, 332.
Commersoni, Endi., 271, 273, 274.
cupressoides, Endl., 270; clavis,

272; mentioned, 278, 274.
equisetiformis, Must. *, 271;

clavis, 272; mentioned 274;

subsequently reduced to Callitris

robusta, 332.
glauca, Carr., 213.
juniperoides, Endl., 268 ; men-

on

tioned, 269, 271, 273, 274; clavis,

272.
Mahoni, Mast. * , 271; clavis, 272.
natalensis, Endl., 271, 273, 274.
Schwarzii, Mast. *, 269; clavis,
272.
Wallichii, Endl., 271, 273, 274.
Whytei, Rendle, 270, 211; clavis,
272.

Willugbeya scandens, O. Kuntze, 168.

Wistaria, Rhodesian, 440.

Withania somnifera, Dun., 53, 57,

Wolley-Dod, Major A. H., Cape Chara-
cew coll. by, 285-287.

Woodland plants, their æcology ( Wood-
head), 333-406 ; Vegetation maps,
336, —

Wormskioldia longepedunculata, Mast.,
440.

INDEX.

Wormskioldia pilosa, Schweinf., var. a.
angustifolia, Urban, 155.

Wright, C. H., Gough Island fern
determ. by, 248 ; Mosses and Hepaties
of Gough Island, 263-265.

Wydler, H., on double-fruited beans,
19.

Xanthophyllum, Roxb., 85.

Xerophytes developed towards the west.
of the area, 354, 355; map of, 364 ;
— alluded to, 365 ; modified, 356.

Xero-pteridetum, not complementary,
347 ; term, 365, 396.

AXerotes latifolia, Hassk., 12.

Ximenia americana, Linn., 134.

caffra, Sond., 496 ; in flower,484 ;
mentioned, 485.
Xylopia gethiopica, 4. Rich., 534.
Eminii, Engl., 534.
Xyrides from Rhodesia, 473.
Xyris capensis, Thunb., 474, 489.
multicaulis, N. E. Br., 478, 487.

Yellow Dead Nettle,
Galeobdolon.

see Lamium

Zanthoxylon nitens, Hiern, 130; dis-
trib., 118.
ovalifolium, Wight, 64.
sp. in Ankole, 536.
Zenker, his Cameroons coll., 299.
Zizyphus abyssinica, Hochst., 544.
orthacantha, DC., 544.
Zollinger, his types of
Carex, l.
Zones of Vegetation defined, 354.
Zoospores of Endoderma, 291, 292.
Zornia diphylla, Pers., 144.
Zostera, Linn., 280.
marina, Linn., 229, expl. fig. 237 ;
axillary scales, 228.
nana, Roth, 229; axillary scales,228.

Malayan

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