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Ginkgo 


AUTUMN 1950 


VINUOAIIVO = IVYNHNOL ATHALYUVOO - = viavouv 


WOLAMOUMY sEx222. SHTAINY SOT 


BOARD OF TRUSTEES 


CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC. 


Dr. F. W. WENT President 
Dr. SAMUEL AYRES, JR Vice-President 
Mrs. FRANKLIN BOOTH Vice-President 
Howarp A. MILLER Treasurer 
Manchester Boddy 
Robert Casamajor . 


Ralph D. Cornell 
Mrs. Richard Y. Dakin 
J. F. Douglas 
Mrs. Thomas Fleming 
William Hertrich 
John C. Macfarland 
Samuel B. Mosher 
Mrs. William D. Shearer 
W. A. Smith 


(Founded Through the Efforts of the 
Southern California Horticultural Institute) 


LOS ANGELES S!ATE«4 ARBORETUM 


STAFF 
Dr. R. J. SEIBERT Director 
GEORGE H. SPALDING Superintend ‘ 
W. QUINN Buck 
J. THomMsAS MCGAH 3. eee i: Plant Recorder 
Dewey E. NELSON Cusiodiak 


THELMA G. BLANCHARD 


Ouivr Haze 


eo 


na 


ee cae aa 


ee 


ee 


LASCA LEAVES 


Quarterly Journal of the 
LOS ANGELES (oan ARBORETUM 


A CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC. PUBLICATION 


VOL, 4 OCTOBER, 1950 No. 1 


THE ‘LOS ANGELES STATE AND: COUNT? 
ARBORETUM 


R. J. SEIBERT 


“Arboretum” is not a new word, nor just a fancy name for a park. It is a living collec 
tion of named and labeled trees, cosine and other plants which can be grown within the 
area it serves. Essentially an Arbore is an educational and scientific research institu- 
tion with specialized personnel Penny ve the importation, trial, improvement and display 
of new and useful plants, 


aily we are confronted with the reali- of the world in his own community or 
eaten that distance is no ip de of signifi- backyard at home. This has proved that 
cance. e, as Americans, are far from plants exotic toa specific area, if properly 
being an isolated and eniieély self-suffi- chosen from regions with similar climate 
cient population. We find ourselves munch- and other natural conditions, may greatly 
ing a nut from Brazil from a can containing enhance and economically enrich that area. 
Bolivian tin. Our coffee comes from Costa Frequently it is found that if conditions 
Rica or Colombia. Our car tires contain are favorable, a plant may be significantly 
a proportion of natural rubber from better cultivated far from its native haunts 


expostulated when he arrived in Australia: ing numbers of foreign plants, many prov- 
“O se e€ you grow ‘our’ Eucalyptus _ ing to be perfectly at home under our cli- 
here too! matic and soil conditions. Today, our ur- 
We are surrounded with countless neces- ban, suburban and agricultural areas actu- 
sary articles of every day life which came ally are dominated by plants brought here 
to us from distant lands and about which from other parts of the world. 


— st nothing. We lead the That exotic plants mean so much to the 

w-how of utilization but know present landscape of Southern California 

relatively little about the origin of many js not fully realized—nor is it full lized 
e raw product sources of our produc- th is no institution here devot 

tive utilization. Plants and plant products to the stu of thes tic cultivated 


pe ental to the life and existence plants as a whole. Certain individuals and 

every human hee every bird and organizations have considered the prob- 
bilit? animal. It is an essential responsi- Jem, but there is no focalized center for 
stan for each community to know its the vast field of introduction, thorough 
Plants, to enoy and appreciate them and testing, and improvement of new plants 


whl “8 conscious of possible new plants from many parts of the world which are 
Mab ich can esthetically or economically or can be made specifically adaptable for 
prove the community. this region—plants whi 1 


€ occasional traveler of the past and add to the further beautification of our 
the specialized traveler of this century has gardens, parks and streets—plants which 
tried admirable plants from other parts require less watering-and care than many 


2 Eas GA eR ALN BS 


now in customary use—plants which could 
be of dir eo pigacwige 7 bearing on the fu- 
ornia. 


managing the Angeles State d 
County Arboretum under an agreement 
e Los Angeles County Board of 


ounty for fifty 
e the se, already is af mee to 


e and County Arbo ST i become 
1. "The horticultural center for Southern 


hance the — of Southern California’s 
gardens, parks a 

2. A center ne the iitriductean: testing 
and impro ea — plants adaptable to 
Southern Califor 

3. A gardening igetionl for training gard- 
eners, garden ndents, propaga- 
ors a 


of the curriculum i icon to petotie. 
r of research and angie 

study, working in eollaboration with e 

cational institutions and 


eadily iden tified, and prac- 
tical advice given on planting, propaga- 
tion and cultiv: 

5. A ee an a Herbatiunt. 

6. A publication center for bulletins, 


GINKGO 


As the first in a series of cover motives 
for “Lasca 


Anita from China, many y ago, Ginkgo 
oba L. The biyraeairenewil tree is kno 
to some b e synonymous name, Salis- 


ry. 
“ai adinntifolia Smith, no longer in valid 
usage. 


his conifer is a representative or “relic” 

of an ancient flora, now existing only as a 
cultivated tree, a so-called ‘ SNe fossil.” 
origin is attributed to China Japan 
since 1 m. those mueiies that it 
was ceoavered and introduced into 
Europe. Fossil remains, however, mie 


books and pamphlets of Rok daa bo- | 
tanical and historical bate 
7. eserve of ea foie oe 
ing and authentic higtscieal garden 
. A bird sanctuary. 
All Arboretum activities aS devoted to 
the needs of Southern California. As a sci- © 
entific institution aad pu ie A boretail ‘ 


= 
is) 
Xe 
n 
ct 


etum quarterly publication. — 
a the second stage of | 


Si 
ic monies were allotted for 


tions towards specific u 
e Historical Chinisias has been ex- 
secnels active durin 


It is antici 
pated that restoration work will begi 
early in i 

Our Master Plan provides not only for 
valuable eee beautiful A 


sequent articles in ‘‘Lasca Leaves 
will enlighten the reader on the subjec 
of his special interest. 


that in past geological times it was fo 
not only in Asia, but in western Euro 
northern C alifornia, Green er 
other parts - the world as 

S proven its livin existen 
in the natural state. 


90 
were pec panrsag 2 by “Lucky” Baldwin arou 


white lie in sey pei the hous 


Ee 


AUTUMN ° 


pei, 3 


ig: Coach Barn. Mr. Baldwin visited China 


r finest and largest specimen is.a male 
tree of the pendula form 

The Ginkgo was first introduced into the 
United States near Philadelphia about six- 


) sco nursery catalogs during the 
latter 1850 _ and that John Sutter of gold 
f e tree growing on his place 
Information 


sery by the 1 
Ginkgo a the only extant species of 
the gen us, has several recognized forms, 


California, preferring the fastigiata form 
For private gardens, however, the pendula 


form should take preference because of its 
attractive weeping habit. 
Due to the foul odor of the mature fruits, 


female trees are not ideal. Tre ropa- 
gated fr ed are not distingulatahie 
emale until e 


method of airer ree Recent improve- 
j niques of rooting cuttings 
show this method as a promising means of 
propagation. 

inkgo is one of the few deciduous 
trees inttoduined into Southern California 
eautiful golden 
afless period from 


automobile fumes of city conditions. Yes 
it even withstands smog! It is a clean 
attractive tree with no serious diseases or 


Those not familiar with it would enjoy 
Patriarchal 
Ginkgo in aaa H. Wilson’s “Aristocrats 
of the Tre 


THE HISTORICAL BUILDINGS 
OF 
RANCHO SANTA ANITA 


SUSANNA BRYANT DAKIN 


Hugo Reid, the “Scotch Paisano,” told a 
oats he built 
in 1839. Writing Governor Alvarado a year 
later, to secure clear title to oh Santa 


Own eyes today, ‘and of visitors to Santa 
Anita during Reid’s day, indicates that this 
description was designed to impress the 


firming a long-promised land grant. The 

home which Don Hugo shared with his In- 

dian wife and children was built of adobe 

mud like every other residence in Cali- 

fornia of the ’30s. It was unique not in con- 

pp ce but in planting and natural 
ng. 


Reid’s own inventory (of June 1, 1844) 
aids us in visualizing the one- -stor ry, L- 
Shaped adobe surrounded by extensive 


Minted deni and a variety of orchard trees, 


lists 40,000 se phi 7 


aln 
ons—in a 30 trees ete a 
tuna (cactus fruit) pat 


Historian William Heath Davis, visiting 


the very year that inventory was taken, 
says of his host and hostess: “Both Reid 
n are epicures, and they had 

place on 


in the preparation of our — living . 
Hugo Reid was the grantee ... at the Santa 


4 POX SCA 


LEAVES 


Anita rancho of about eight thousand 
e most picturesque 


forest in comparison with other aa 
day, Rancho Santa Anita has shrunk 


i uce 
by William Wolfskill, only a decade after 
Reid’s death 

Descending down the chain of owners 
(prepared a us by the Title Insurance 


ompa e find among them the first 
circus etal in California who wintered 
some is animals here; and the fab- 
ulous “Lucky” Baldwin who imported 


WASHINGTONIA  FILIFERA 


WILLIAM HERTRICH 


The only erie cigron Sapam to California 
is found in a comparatively small area 
primarily in canyons on the desert side of 
San Jacinto. The trees are numerous in 
anyon, many growing amongst the 
boulders along the water-course, others 
adorning the Dong: pring slopes in a mos 
bizarre fashio 

The tree Washingtonia filifera forms a 
heavy trun 


ing at their jagged tips and leaf margins 
bran lis threa e fibers 

Riverside County is the focal habitat of 
although isolated stan 
as far south as San 
Diego County, frig the northern limit 


ea hh to the vicinity of Corn 
rings, San Bernunainc ounty 
ular species has exten- 


s in 
countries bordering the Mediterranean. In 


giant shells from the Great Barrier Reef, 


rh 
° 
c 
#5 
n 
pe ‘i 
wn 
° 
5 
au 


t the water’s edge perches his pleas- 
ure palace (called ““QueenAnne’s Cottage”) 
y ee in the best state By 
in’s carriage hou 

of the ’70s, they 


preservation, is Ww 
Built in the florid style 


sonteact strangely with the simple adobe — 


where Reid lived and Baldwin chose to die. 


d termites have nibbled at all — 


three structures, and a recent rot survey 
reveals extensive damage. 
struction program is being planned which 
uildings 


where Indian servants 
i i Master Plan of 
includes historical — 


cate 
hipaa le pre 
botan 


in 
the following item 4 
“Three of the stately palm trees — 
which graced F 


sai aoe two will follow in a day or 


quoted: “W. H. W 
in 1854 says they were conspicuous tre 
then, and he told me in 1905 he thought 
they were then about seventy years old.” 


our 


e 
1e Los Angeles Expresig 


a ee of fact, only one of the fo ir 


ut a recon=3 


spurte ia — 
Transplanted from Palm Canyon to San Marino between 1840-45 by a see a 
Named Stockton. Photo taken Sout 1860. eouneay Huntington Library 


6 Tes CoA 


LE ACV ES 


e two oldest specimens alive in San 


landscape of this area as “the twin palms.” 
t that time the Aptana 10 
to 12 feet tall, respectively; one has con- 
sistently been taller and ne shorter 
through their histo in this eccns. 
According to Mr. Cooper, the photograph 
of them asain here —a retak 
original—sho 


SAdieimat inform 
adobe house prior to the Cooper’ 
tion o 

While prospecting for gold in the San 
Jacinto Mountain areas, Stockton had occa- 
sion to go into the gf cat for fresh water 
and for camping. admired the stately 
palms growing there and was inspired to 


Ss occupa- 


transplant a pair to a location near his 
is homeward trips he 


In 1903 Mr. Huntington acquired the San 
Marino Ranch which included the land 
where the twin palms stood and also that 
e adobe house still stood. But 


ley to 


private property near Cambidge Road, — 
Floyd © 


under ae care of Dr. and Mrs. 


P.. St. Clai 


ARBORETUM BIRDS 


W. DAN QUATTLEBAUM 


The area of the Arboretum is by nature 
and cultivation favorable to bird life. The 


ants or winter vis- 
itors, 8 summer residents and 39 occasional 
visitors. 

It is the only nesting pie in a radius 
n heron, the 
heron, ae red-bellied 


hawk, the russet-backed thrush and the 


tule yellowthroat. The pond, with 


atten of the two recent visitors, the Florida — 


gallinules 
pair “of pied-billed grebes, which build — 


a floating nest among the cattails or tules, 


roods eve 


waxwings feed on the fruit of the Mexican — 


fan palm 


GROWING NOTES 


GEORGE H. SPALDING 


FIRST OF A SERIES 
One of the major phases of the program 
at the Los Angeles State and County 
Arboretum is the propagation, Ride pr 
and testing of plants from all parts of the 
world with a climate similar to sae) own. 


In surveying the climatic areas of this 


parts of China and India. It is our plan 4 


d. At @ 


AUTUMN ° 


NAL 7 


to grow here on our grounds as many of 
the worth while plants from these areas 
as we sae obtain and our planting space 
will perm 

We pass started our project with Aus- 
tralian material. Southern California 


Gera on ax 


a very small fraction of what we can and 
should be growing 

this day of water shortages and 
ites problems, we must look to low 
rainfall areas for plants to enhance 
gardens, roadsides, and parks. If we can 
decrease at the same time, the water and 
work necessary to maintain our gardens, 
certainly it will be a real service to the 


Many West Australian native plants 
thrive under much e conditions 
as our California natives. What could be 
more logical ae ale . at we grow and tes 
more of these plants? 

Let’s take a ty 2 the dee 3 require- 


occasionally as 
may be SoneAial Th 


soi 
properly worked. Leafmold has been used 
in all soil mixtures at the Arboretum and 
has proved very spine 
How can acquir these interesting 
and useful plants? The | only feasible way, 


species of Australian plants, we have 
earned much of interest about them 
There appears to be a general belief among 


o that na 
cari be 
ae course of our experiments we 
have discovered that ayers of Georgia 
half, gives 


ifferent methods of germination 


tion of these seeds were planted ecto 


through in about a week, while the portion 

soaked only an hour took a week longer. 

any soil mixtures ahi been gris still 

are being tried o a course of our experi- 
he haat results have 


x would prob- 
ably give as good results. 
It should be clearly understood that this 


shall report from experience on other soil 
mixtures 

A report, based on Arboretum records, 
species of Austral rarely grown 


n 
here, will be distributed later by the 
Arboretum. 


8 IRS Cok, ee AVES 


SEED AND PLANT DISTRIBUTION 


The Annual membership meeting on the ie ee pblogey ee held June 13, 1950, was 
climaxed by the first distribution of seeds and plants members ded: 


4 claeesieeteibe betacea 
Desm 

Ha uepheis un eaffrum 
Heimia myrtifoli 


eeds inclu 
lene Srnonionat 


Ne bag revispinosum 
: oh 


In page each shine er was given a choice of three potted ee Laity 
rys 


calyptus erythrocor 
Pucaiypiie erythronema 
Eucalyptus megacornuta 


mon spec 
Calothamnus ioe le 
Chaenostoma grandiflora 


GIFTS RECEIVED 


OcTOBER 1, 1949, TO JUNE 30, 1950 srg erie ot Money Donations) 
4 Booklet 


American — Society 

Anonymou 

Ayres, Jr. De Samuel 

Ceres of California 

Chuck’s ry 

Cymbidium Society. of Pasadena . 
akin, Mr. Richard Y. 


Dakin, Mrs. Richard Y. 


Darland, Charles 
Fleming, Mrs 


Thom 
Forbes, mie Ian, & Ferguson, Marvin H. 


Gale, 
Hoak, Charlotte M. 


Horton, Jerome . 
Howard & Smith Nur. 
rood ‘Sowers Paul ne 


hey, Harlan P. 
McCaffree, J. E. . 


Menninger, Mr. Elmore 
O’Donnell, Dr. John 
Philips, Amy Bg 

dy, 


raat Oe 
Rancho Bars Anita, Inc. 


Roberts, Mr. A. W. 
amms, Charles . . 
Saunders, Mrs. Mira 


Seibert, Dr. Russell J. 

Southern ng ar Camellia Society 
wes useu 

Van Rensselaer, Dr. Maunsell . 


oodard, Mr. E. H. 


ook eres an Men - acim 


3 “sapri of steer manure 

17 Boo 

1 Fock “Lucky Baldwin” by 
k 


Cc 
Original painting of the Lagoon by Allan 
Gamble, Professor of Architecture, Uni- 


versity of 
5 Plants - Hakea spp. 
5 Book 

Bo 


phlet 
Manuscript “Trees and Shrubs of New sere 
land” by the late Katherine D. Jone 
1 Boo 


2 Tatee sacks of ae Pos 
30 Plants of Fatsia japonic 
2 Books 


Set of “American Fores j 
11 35 mm. Kodachrome Sides of Arboretum | 
12°35 el: Kodachrome slides of Pasadena ~ 
Gardens 
35 mm. Viewer 
SVE-AAA Projector 35 mm. 
: 40x40-inch Radiant Screen 


2 Books 
1 Plant - Idria columneris 
Copy of Monograph on Calochortus I 
1 pee oklet “Romance of Rancho Santa | 
nita” t 


35 Books on Roses 3 
64 Plants of Prunus lyo - 
s “The Story oe Carmelita—Its As- © 
Seciatiocin and Its Trees” and “Trees and 
Shrubs California Gardens” by 


no 
w 
° 
Te) 


Q 
n= 
el 
ie] 
n 
= 
72, 
> | 
-B 
"a 
Nn 
18) 
Qu 


Original drawings used “tor illustrating | 
“The Story of Carm * | 
heaaattibed and boo 
Pamp 

Pup hlets 

Bock ana pamphlets 
Books 

Pamphlets 

Book 


Cane 
NRNOWNNL, WwW 


Plant urns 


MEMBERSHIP 


Annual Associate Membership. «02.0031, -:sei.-e2s2--s.ve 3.5.00 
Annual Membershif 10.00 
Annual Contributing Membership............................ 25.00 
Annual Sustaining Membership........................-....--- 100.00 
Afnual Sponsor Membership.........0000.02 250.00 
Life Membership 500.00 
Founders 1000.00 or more 
Benefactors 5000.00 or more 


CLUB MEMBERSHIPS are available, at any amount, 
from $10 a year or more. 


ALL CONTRIBUTIONS DEDUCTIBLE UNDER 
FEDERAL INCOME Tax Law: 


Checks should be made payable to the California Arboretum 
Foundation, Inc., and sent to our headquarters at 291 North 
Old Ranch Road, Arcadia, Calif. Phone DOuglas 7-3444. 


The Los Angeles State and County Arboretum is 
operated by California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., a 
non-profit corporation. The Foundation is developing and 
managing the Arboretum under an agreement with the 
Los Angeles County Board of ‘Supervisors. Title to the 
120 acres of property is in the State of California, which - 
has leased it to Los Angeles County for fifty years. 
Construction operations are actively commenced by the 
County of Los Angeles in accordance with the master 
plan of the foundation prepared by Harry Sims Bent. 
Because of safety hazards the Arboretum is closed to the 
public during construction. 


Operatep By 
CALIFORNIA Arboretum FounpatTion, Inc. 


VINUYOATTVO 


California Pepper Tree 


TYNUDNO! AXTHALUVNO -° vidvouv 


WALLA YOOU MY Atte. SHTADNV SOT 


WINTER 1957 


BOARD OF TRUSTEES 


CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC. 


Dr. F. W. WENT 


President 


Dr. SAMUEL AYRES, JR 


Mrs, FRANKLIN BoOoTH 


Vice-President 


Vice-President 


Howarp A. MILLER 


Treasurer 


Manchester Boddy 
Robert Casamajor 
Ralph D. Cornell 

Mrs. Richard Y. Dakin 

J. F. Douglas 

Mrs. Thomas Fleming 
William Hertrich 
John C. Macfarland 
Samuel B. Mosher 

Mrs. William D. Shearer 

John Anson Ford, Ex-Officio 


(Founded Through the Efforts of the 
Southern California Horticultural Institute) 


LOS ANGELES S!AT«2 ARBORETUM 


Dr. R. J. SEIBERT 


GEORGE H. SPALDING 


W. Quik BUCK 2! e 
J. THoMAS McGAH............. 
Dewey E. NELSON. 


aoe, Director 
Superintendent 
...Pr0 pagator 
Plant Recorder 
.. Custodian 


sot vinos ECTCLATY 


Be 
votes 

7 

3 

4 

S 

4 

a 

2 

4 

: 

nf 


de 


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a ee 


LASCA LEAVES 


Quarterly Journal of the 


LOS ANGELES 


STATE and 
COUNTY 


ARBORETUM 


A CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC. PUBLICATION 


R. J. SEIBERT, EDITOR 


VOEss 


JANUARY, 1951 


FORECAST FOR THE FUTURE 


MILDRED E. MATHIAS 
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, U.C.L.A. 


The future of horticulture in Southern 
California is a promising one, based on a 
heritage rich in horticultural traditions. 
The rows of 


ponkgat : wholesale flower 
et alone is a business approximating 
$20,000,000 annually. 

_ The climate of Southern California va- 
ries widely from coast to interior, sea level 
to high mountains. Because of this cli- 
is the opportunity 


: may be equally or more 
desirable. The situation is static. 


It is 
Sarden to present a growing collection of 
wide variety of plant materials obtained 
where the 
aE on} the amateur alike can see 
pha nly the old favorites but also new 
exotic plants. Without access to such 


a collection the public has no way of be- 
i iliar with new plant materials. 


rino and the 
vra Estate in West Los Angeles. But these 
special collections cannot fill the need of 
a public botanic garden. 

The Angeles State and County 
Arboretum will fulfill this need. We have 
in this Arboretum the potentialities of a 

—a display center for sub- 
tropical plants growing out-of-doors. Be- 
yond that function we foresee the Arbore- 
tum as a horticultural center for Soutkern 
California with test gardens, display halls 
for flower shows, auditoriums for meet- 
ings, a working library, and a 


ords of what h 
for the identification of plant materials. 
of cultivated subtropical 
lants for Southern California is being 
prepared. is is a long time project re- 
quiring cooperation and financial support. 
Our vision for the future also includes an 
illustrated flora of the cultivated plants 
of the region. This flora will not be purely 


No. aA 


10 LAS GAC 


BANV.ES 


aaa but Sedat F bicao all available 
inform ing propa “ip ation cine 


every 


ane and to continue the develo nt of 
a permanent the herbarium of 
all the species and variants concerned 


Our plan for the future is not a grandiose 
fe) 


mature sur- 
vey of the community needs by 


Tze 


THE CALIFORNIA . PEPPER TREE 


H. M BUTTERFIELD 


UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
California pepper tree, Schinus 


South i tropics is 
ith _ No doubt 


patio ee = oe 


“In re several black pepper 
trees, fl of ene one of which is over 15 


indebted t o Mr. a Gibbs Adams 
ietaeacenn ete California 
When San Luis Re 
king his ship at San Die ego, rode mule-back 
Sifakis They d sie school chums as small boy 
ne, the Captain related that, pausing in Peru on 


try othe Teun trees with gee = a fountain, leaves like ferns, and pendant branches 


dripping with rose-colored berr 
The Padre be 


Arizona 


, COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, BERKELEY 


s being built in 1787, the Captain of a sailing vessel from Spain, 


aie n bring some seed on the next season’s trip, 
said to have been accornplished the sehowins year. The pepp 
became pee Paap and grandparents of all the pepper trees that so beautify California 


ages ee individuals. We shall build 
n our present structure—the garden club 
groups, the ‘professional societies, the de- 
en and horticulture. Seek, 

e- 


siasts. The millenium can be reached only 
with continued support t when we do 
reach it we can truly seaih ourselves the 


garden center of Amer 


inches in diameter and has several 
a vd pepper; ince haba BaP on ortt. 
fici nds made b ecting brick walls of 
fa Be form, about 3 feet 


Today w are edit this account and 
point out that the oe had nothing 
with (The nam 


shape to tet ob 


and female trees present fo 
ture. In 1935, the 


fanciful. If a tree growing fore ey 1858 


for this legendary account of the pepper tree’s © 


to the bay page Pa visit his friend, the Padre 
n Spa Over an evening glass of 
tie way. a had Ph Fe into ie coun- 


which is 
pers sprouted and flourished and 
and 


| 


4 
1 
‘ 
i 


had a trunk diameter of 15 inches, it was 


WINTER -® 


EOS) 11 


probably not a very old tree since these 
peppers grow egal in a good climate with 
adequate water s 

Seeds of the pepper tree were found i 


bricks or when. We can say this was some 
time after the one aad of the Mission and 
perhaps not later than 1830. 
It was not long before the pepper tree 


g s Angeles, the pepper 
tree had ated and was widely 
available, being distributed by men like 
Matthew Keller 

Matthew (Don Mateo) Keller had his 
vineyard northwest of the Wolfskill place 


mercial Streets nO the 1850’s. In 1858 
Jon Mateo ha young pepper seed- 
young fruit trees. The peppers were soon 


Chino Rancho where 


orth as Sa 
during the early part of the 1850 le. 
Early settlers of Tustin will remember 


the Stevens oa ae old pepper tree in 
front of the property with a d. b. seg 2 eas- 
urement of 6 % feat s about the um 
reported to date. However, eeg are still 
many fine plantings along streets and high- 
ways in Southern California, su 
north Central “Avenue i 


ne sp 
mes. Most o 


ewe hom re 
planted during the 1870’s cnt 1880's. For- 
merly much more abundant than at pres- 
ent, many of the old trees have been de- 


stroyed porns of harboring black scale 

or other : 
Pepper tie tolerate much drought, ee 

resist frost down to about 10°F. when 
e—less severe temperate when Sing 


s, 
we know their shortcomings but like them 
anyway. 


rag cover illustration of the pegged penpes ps 


tree, Schinus molle, was drawn by the sty Met 
ister. Charles’ roasting (1864- ier The 
original is among those of the Charl and 


Los Angeles State and County Arboretum 


ZF 


PLANNING PHILOSOPHY AND THE ARBORETUM 


HARRY SIMS BENT 


An Arboretum through its special func- 
tions is set 


ter not found or sree in ordinary 


Under the democratic tradition the park 
idea has grown to be a significant expres- 
ion of the proposition “for the People”. 
Parks are the physical media through 
which society can mark many of its high 


aspirations for the common good. For one 
eason or another, many parks fail to ac- 
complish that end. 

bhe4 face of a city or of a region may 
sha up, for better or worse, largely 


mace ape. is required if a good p 
s to be created. 
he star oh point is valid 
linked sensibly with the locale in question. 
Political patterns often contrive to invali- 
ose and many communities 
end up with a collection of ineffectual 


12 LAS CA LC RAV E'S 13 


SEL rAEREE 


( ARBORE LUM E 


wensertseeie 


iN 


tytn 
| ESPLANADE PUBLIC ENTRANCE IS PROVIDED FROM ca 
|@) : TTT MAIN HIGHWAYS- COLORADO ON THE : pais 9 im 
|e| Saesee ii 
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|<) wWeSSee | z1 Oa 
sWEA&— | THE ARBORETUM LIES IN THE HEART OF OLD RANGE Ei dg tn 
SOawihe | SANTA ANITA-RENOWNED IN THE ANN DOD, aml 
P|) ae Sas | CALIFORNIA AND CONTAINING Fatt com 
BS | SOLES TORED AND PRESERVED —THE GROUND aon He 
|| DNQnes | BE LANDSCAPED WITH LIVING PLANT DISPLAYS U sows? =| 
<s|| &YZ—q95 | ADAPTABLE SPECIES INTRODUCED FROM MANY owas iil 
Na) OF THE WORLD-THE ARBORETUM PROGR eer we 
wit>Oz0 | A COMPLETE ESTABLISHMENT DEDICATE C8ora = mal 
in| GeLES | ADVANCEMENT OF HORTICULTURAL SCIE Q5°F , I@ 
Se CAISQED | AND EDUCATION -AUTHORITY FOR THE C tTwWe5 ae 
DOSe | OPERATION OF THE ARBORETUM IS VESTED IN ww SE q Go 
lg —l-GSo | TRUSTEES OF THE CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDAT FRIn= lig 
isa) LU;&oa= NABLED BY GRANTS AND F 
| C5\y% eu | CALIFORNIA-THE COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES AND PRIVE 
tla@ ea | AND GIFTS-CHARTED ABOVE IS A DIAGRAM OF TH - MP2) pe 
“RSS | ARBORETUM DESIGNED BY MR HARRY SIMS BENT AR GRAPHIC SCA = 
TSE | THE BASIC GROUND LAYOUT AND FUNCTIONAL FEATURE mrgeerrrrraeer | 
i . : 
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i ledihadadedbsbaed 
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=—60:S_ ANGELES, Su 


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—==_=— 


14 DAS GA L RIAN S 


parks doomed to a indifference and 
a, serious negle 

ore pserensive pees: have 
found that the park idea, creatively ap- 


ma, oe e sgn 
ation of poor and mean- 
nd their san a of scars 
greatly impeded. Poor 


with slight concern for its qualitative or 
unctiona 
In the United States almost all that is 
good in sig of gi planning and prac- 


k to the earlier pre- 
the “natural style” school of Eng- 
lish landscape art. 
with ri 


represented a di 
aristocratic park idea of the earlier Europ- 


an schoo 
e number of good ar of all types 
and ines, increasing ited 


diye ha demonstrations carried out oie 
the Moses regime in New York City, the 
state of New York and in New gat the 
cities of Philadelphia, "Clevelane. Pitts 


type of park, dedicated 
to scientific, educational ends and adult 


interests. In view of the importance of | 
horticulture to the regional life of South- 
ern California, the valid ee of this 
ion and undertaking in its _ 


lly studied and formulat 


o 
program for the A 
and, Por y, the grounds enclose one of — 
the pullh hn of the historical scene of 
sacple Californi 
The Master Pian that has been designed © 
the A am 


bound to impos status- 


quo of any s In this instance, the © 
hanges are being de gradually and 
with minimum disturbance to the f 


advance in construction and planting from 
year to year, a term of seven years will 
produce an effective ie ng of the Ar- 


boretum nished pattern of : 
creative planting displays will in many re- — 
spects take much longer. Friends and 

sponsors of the Arboretum i oe e b 
that at its maturity it will t 


ance to the State of California 
Thus through foresight, planning, an 
investment, Los les 


County may create an invaluable annuity 
to bestow upon their children. 


WINTER * 


Sv! foe Te 15 


GROWING NOTES 


GEORGE H. 


AUSTRALIAN PLANTS 
In the first of this series of Growing Notes, 


we re 

under” 
add to the beauty of Southern California 
gardens. Before we go into a discussion of 
plants new to us, let’s take a look at some 
a which are already 


ecies are widel 


| shrubs reaching a height of only three to 
six feet. Included in this group are A. 
. brownii, £ ifoli lrummondii,, A. 


; There a are also some 
A. elata is one 


hern Cali- 
fornia, except to a few hobbyists. 
__ Our experience in germinating and grow- 


all are 


n addition to their garden value, Aca- 


are in co erable demand as cut 
rs. Several species are used, but A. 
popular with florists, 


e only one grown in any quantity 
waco a it eee seem reasonable 
om the ny species as yet ype 
. S oahy. pct ay as cut flower 
be ode 
rn Californian knows Eu- 
tus globulus, the Blue hate Few peo- 
now tha of Tasmania, 


as bec 
here would lead to the belief that 


SPALDING 


dred species known to exist would do as 
a Some o 


ite an extent. FH. ficifolia, one of the most 
brilliantly flowered, is very wel wn in 


ae ag subject to consistently freezing 
win E. leucoxylon rosea is a fine street 
& ports aeons white 
flowers which distinguish it from 
oxylon pallens, (better known as E. sider- 


ct 
in 
1°) 


oth phi narrow leaves; 
those of E. leucoxrylon rosea are green, those 
of E. aaroupien pat hy are gray. 
T are other large tree Eucalypts 
grown, such as, E. citriodera, E. 


‘Mallee’, or shru types, as possible 
lready being offered in some of our nur- 
series ar forrestiana, which grows to 


feet and can 


ers are 
showy red seed pods. This Eu 
probably 
young, but is quite hardy when baer — 
lished. E. macrecarpa an siana 
can now be obtained in a few of pitas nur- 
e somewhat straggly shrubs 
to fifteen feet, goer eir ck in form is 
their flowers. 


siana has slightly smaller flowers of bright 
yellow. From observation of the young 
plants grown at the Arboretum, it appears 
that both may have possibilities as espa- 
lier subjects. Both of them will probably 
e Spe r, at least while g. 

are growing approximately fifty spe- 
cies of Eucalyptus at the Arboretum at the 


The literature is being c 
of previous trials in California, and records 
are being kep 


the average home gardener begins to bog 


16 BAS CAEL RAV ES 


down in such names as Chamaelaucium, 
Hymenosporum, etc. Therefore, it seems 


names are In 


county. This is 


5 
o 


et v 
curate ail. Careful study of this nek 
leads to Fe opinion that he has don 
good job, and common names ere used 
will be cited in Growing Not 
A third group of Auabiouas wees which 


is well known to = = the Bottlebrushes. 
This comm ightfully belongs to 
the genus Coahatonibn., although it has pie 
used for some aleucas. The - 
tlebrushes are widely Sewn in Southert 
California, nae should be, as the 

ind resistant. 
species are pisatea together, it is possible © 


ok 
° 


bagi Dies fe gaa most commonly grown, 
viminalis, have red 
“brushes” aehoueh occasionally one of the — 


tunate in receiving seed of several species — 


with lilac a violet flowers, and one, 
een. bes ntified, is a species having 
pink oA 


LT 


SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURAL INSTITUTE 


JOHN S. VOSBURG 


The Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce 
in 1936 found sect with funds available 
to devote to vancemen of horticul- 


properly. A call was put out to the horti- 
cultural leaders of the seer to consider 
this problem and take 

The motivating er was small at first, 
consisting of su 


e Southern California Horticul- 
ene Institute, a non-profit organization. 
Believing that Southern California can 
e most beautiful spot he ov, 
objectives of the Institute bec 
1. To conduct region-wide ance plant- 
ing, an beautification program to 
— ei planting of proper trees 
e 
7 LO cat Flo wer ‘Sho ows: the second 
California International Flower Show 
is to be held this spring. 
To motivate the establishment of Ar- 
boreta and Botanical Garde acai The 
os Angeles Species and County Arbo- 
r is now ret progressing as 
a result of this ep ae ve. 
To disseminate ae informa- 
tion for the benefit and education of 
those interested in ot Aah both 
scientific and practic 
. To stimulate the hae hee of all or- 
eres horticultural groups, in order 
California “the 
ost beautiful spot on earth’. 


bo 


a 


ou 


6. To establish a a center with 
uilding in 


tional meeti 
Meetings: 
The first sched of each month. 
fiw and é 
7:30 p.m. Gibson Hall, the Friday Morn- 
ing Club, 940 South Figueroa St., Los 
Angeles. 
Executive Headqua 
7848 Denivelle Road ‘Sonlane: California 
se ger FLorida 3-6280 


35, 00 per year 
Publications: 


Diet Oegdtent : 


ROBERT CASAM AJOR 
Dr. SAMUEL AYREs, JR. 


NOTE a 
LASCA LEAVES uch attempt to include | 
a systematic coverage of all hortic 

headieatiens and societies in the Los 4 


MEMBERSHIP 


Annual Associate Membership.............. oe -$ : 5.00 : 

Annual Membershiy ) 10.00: 

| Annual Contributing Moembershipe: 2 22 7 25.00. 

Annual Sustaining Mesbeitinic 100.00 
Annual Sponsor Membership.............-.-0.00-00----- 250.00 
Life aig a a 500.00 

ae Founders ..... 1000.00 or more | 
| Benefactors : : 5000.00 or more 


a aa 


CLUB MEMBERSHIPS are available, at any amount, 
from $10 a year or more. 


. 


ALL ContRiBUTIONs DEDUCTIBLE ator: 
_ FEDERAL aNCOME Tax Law: 


Oreratep By 
CaLiFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC. 


CALIFORNIA 


AKBORE |lUM 


QUARTERLY JOURNAL 


Ghia 


COUNTY 


A 


LUS ANGELES 


ARCADIA 


LUSCa 
Leaves 


Ry 
S4RDEN LiBRAS 


vn SPRING 1957 


a 


a BOARD OF TRUSTEES 


CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC. 


a Dr. F. W. WENT President 

af DR, SAMUBL AYRES, [Reichel Vice-President 

i Mrs. FRANKLIN BooTH Vice-President 
Howarp A. MILLER Treasurer 

2 Manchester Boddy 

Ay Robert Casamajor 


Ralph D. Cornell 
Mrs. Richard Y. Dakin 
J. F. Douglas 
Mrs. Thomas Fleming 
- William Hertrich 
John C. Macfarland 
Samuel B. Mosher 
Mrs. William D. Shearer 
John Anson Ford, Ex-Officio 


(Founded Through the Efforts of the 
Southern California Horticultural Institute) 


LOS ANGELES 438? ARBORETUM 


STAFF 
Dr. R. J. SEIBERT Director’ 
: GEORGE H. SPALDING Superintendent 
W. QUINN Buck Pro pagator 
J. THoMAs McGAH Plant Recorder 
: _ Dewey E. NELSON Custodian 


THeta: G. BEANCBARD.. 7 oo oe. Secretary ! 


| eae 


LASCA LEAVES 


Quarterly Journal of the 


LOS ANGELES 


COUNTY 
STATE and 


ARBORETUM 


A CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC. PUBLICATION 
R. J. SEIBERT, Ed/tor 


VOLA 


APRIL, 1951 


TO MAKE OUR LAND MORE BEAUTIFUL 


JOHN ANSON 


FORD 


(SUPERVISOR, LOS ANGELES COUNTY) 


The beginnings of an institution, or proj- 
ect, are relatively unimportant except as 
they may P more clearly to define 
the nature of the undertaking and measure 
its progress. 

I recall with gratification the remarks 
made to me ee or four years ago by Dr. 
Samuel Ayres, Jr., regarding the unre- 
alized opportunities possessed by Southern 
California, and Los A 


wood Bowl. That wonderful County~- 
Owned property is under a long term lease 
non-profit association, composed of 


7) 


Ognition. I told Dr. A e 
culturists with who 6 


Similar pattern might be employed in es- 
tablishing an arboretum ie 


As a result of many conferences and 


luncheons with horticulturists at the May- 
fair corporation was finally set 
up known as the California Arboretum 
Foundation, Inc. 

The search for a suitable property where 
County and the 


as recommen 
mployed my best powers of persuasion, 
direct and indirect, to generate interest 


on t of my colleagues bore 
fruit in mounting enthusiasm, in which 
the former supervisor, Will Smith 
shared, he — background of fores- 


Parks was enlisted. us g 

investment whose total 
,000. 

There are many thing : 


now approximates 
s that government 
well and economically. ar 


spective fields. A 
fe) 


No. 3 2 


18 LAS CA 


LEAVES 


In the fields of community advertising for 


supervisors, not at r own dis 
and direction primarily, dish in accord with 
programs advanced by two contract agen- 
cies, viz. the All-Year Club and the Los 
eles Chamber of Commerce, respec- 
tively 
The genius of the Los Angeles State and 
County Arboretum is that public and pri- 
vate resources have been Tine for the 
comma good, on a non-profit basis. The 
objectiv er and richer horti- 
Scitural: development for Southern Cali- 
fornia is being so effectively implemented 


come more beautiful, more 
profitable, in Southern California because 
of the arboretum’s program 


The arboretum is a park, plus. Here is 


a enjoy themselves, and learn a 
great al about plants alae ay 
grown in the Los geles area. Of special 


esidence 
stables of pit peor ne ane unconventional 
“Lucky” Baldwin. Each of these struc- 


tures, now being restored by generous 
private contributions, is vividly ilustrative 
of a in Southern California’s earlier 


"The horticultural program eecubying the 
ne-hundred- 


its development, Lowe 
enrichment for South on California. Here 


paouer the introduction of rare speci- 


The bringing of be tid to this region by 
giant aqueducts called for 
feats of unmatched skill. It ma 
ert and semi-desert areas blosso 


foresight oF Mulholland and the 
ers” who with him eel us hee “antl 
ficial vous of water. ustry has fol- 
lowed in the make of aevict tre: All about 
us has risen evidence of a vast man-made 
empire 

In this marvelous setting, as the years 


ing Southern California come into its 


LJ 


EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS 


CHARLES GIBBS ADAMS — LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT 


The Titan-like specimens of Eucalyptus 
globulus which to 


of seed — the 
southern ice dacagiaa GPS of this seed 
went to ranches ow e old Mant 


mington, to the Workmans of San Fernan- 
sae nd to Sefior Carrion in the San Dimas 


Y eeveh years before this happened, hckegt' 
Ww 


edlings o 
lar size today would sell for about thirty- 


five cents.) There is no record of the ex- ; 


istenc ce of an 


planted in Mendocino County —too fal 
north for their comfort. 
The significant arrival of this seed, in 


Hox 38 : Bhis Gu 


fruiting tree at t 
vision o 
lor of San Francisco who had gone to Aus- 
tralia on missionary work. From there he 
had sent his wife some seed of this giant 
= gpg Be d so impressed him Well 
impressed with 


the Bay in Alameda, where they prospered | 


e time, w u 
ay Vara n Bishop, William Tay- — 


sper ; 


Speman ag OO tt 


SPRING 


19091 19 


A. County Board of Supervisors 


Photo: Courtesy L. 


Huge Eucalyptus globulus trees shade the “Lucky” Baldwin lakeside Casino. 
(Queen Anne Cottage) 


SO Well that the in aig Government took 
d eed, a 


notice, imported more nd distrib- 
uted it ies: Washin lias to southern Cali- 
forni aioe iinet environment for 


ghty eeiont years 
y William Wolfs kill: this 


result; many of t 
of those early days are now tow ing mon- 
archs which shade the homes eb gardens 


ee the highway of Baldwin’s dream. 
rth 


“What will your father. do when he learns 
what Ral, have stolen 
“It will be too late, mama, when he does 
for I shall tend them so lovingly that en 


will be too large to sage Ww hen they lift 
their heads abo ve the weeds. 
Today rard the su raat of Rosa’s life, 


uard over the old adobe. 

Bacio towering, ac ecord- 

r of the little one’s 
nd 


biaie radon pine gu 
One grew straight 
o legend, in hon 


ab 
Eucalypti. Some have been 
cious fuel; some for windbreaks in citrus 


20 ; EASCA. LEAVES 


orchards; some for the gorgeous color of 
others for the 


on a ranch whic ~ 
geles State and Coun 


ed 
y Arbore 


ith regret we eet note ‘edie many of. 


flises original trees are nearing the en 
of their life span in Southern sete pion 
However, their progeny will carry o 

a reminder that foreign plants as aa ~ 


foreign peoples have found a welcome 
here. 


Note: The cover illustration shows Eucalyptus globu- 
lus, var. compacta in its proper use as a low wind- 
break and masking hedge. This ‘dwarf Blue Gum,” 


a horticultural varie is said to have origi 
near Niles, California, from seed of the normal- 
ized ‘*Tasmanian BI um.’”’ _The “dwarf” is 


sil om 
the species, within the first year of gro 


DAYLILY ee, tage aa AT LASCA 


UINN Bu 


Those who are interested in pace 
will be pleased to know that the first of 
the test gardens to be set up at Los 
Angeles State ee County Arboretum will 
be o emerocallis. This garden will co- 
operate with both The H teed Society 
e American Plant soap Ms ociety; the 
latter organization wa list it as an o 
platen ane trial garden replacing the on 
former he nienale of California a 
Los poet 
For ifs beginning Aas warisbon test abi 
will undred med 
varieties, wont of ie Species, oa . sae 
yo e writer’s own see . Tem- 
Siravily, all of these are S planted ren south 


of the ae lath house; later, when the 
perm ag teat test garden area is ready for 
tala is moved there and planted 
in Colne | gro 

The aay ily test garden is peed planned 
so that it will show as of the 
varieties as possible, not tae ee newer 
ones but also the older ati so that our 


pera: of var gst as to adaptability, per- — 
and quality. 
em ‘of the breeding at the Arboretum 
will be wi the writer’s colchicine-in- 
> nag op eoremren ka explore their possibili- 
s and limitati 


LASCA TEMPERATURE 


R. J. SEIBERT 


Every plant grower of Southern Cali- 
fornia is vitally interested in temperatures 
d exotic plants grown 


placed and recorded data from seven m 
um-minimum thermometer stations for 
critical observations at well spaced points 


summarizes monthly 

maximum tempera- 
tures from January, 1949, to December, 
1950, for each station. Also listed are the 
lowe: st and highest Leon ranesticiang recorded 
each month at each stati 

Topographic position pide natural out- 
door und aiots plays an important roll in 


est points is about 108 feet, i.e., be- 


tween 486 and 504 feet above sea level. In | 
general, the lowest unprotected places are | 
temperatures. Our 


ow point between the Queen Anne 
Cottage and the lake, the te ver a mode at 
% ral- @ 


cular low point. 
From our present figures one can sel- 
dom exert 1 iation be- 


the fac at we can ex minimum 
temperature variation eke between dif- 
ferent parts or the Arboretum grounds 
on critical nig 

Note: Lowest seaatine to date recorded in 1951 
occurred the night of February 28 with a reading 


IZ 


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88s 96 | 6F | £6°88 | co°cc | 96 | OS Eval | 6E°LS | OS6T 


00T| 8h | co'z6 | sus] 86 | 0s | sz06 | T¢Z¢ | zot| os | TL'z6 | BrLe zor|o¢ | 1g°26 | 96°8¢ | ooT| os | 9¢°06 | 06'8¢ oor! 0s | £6°68 | IPLS 104 og | oz’ 06 | ores | over | 
GOT] ss | LeE6 | 91:09 | 66 | 9g | Zs'06 | Tr'09 | COT) Es | L6'b6 | ZI'6s | OOT| es | L216 | FL'29| ooT| Be | ez'te | Fa'z9] & | so | Oo'8s | TL09| F6 | BC | 9E 18 | evzo | osct | ar 
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SNOILVIS 4vis 


VOSV'T — SGYODEY AYNLVYAdWNAL 


22 LAS CA “LEA VES 
Te APA oe 
HuGH EVANS 

For many years, indeed long before I From where I am sitting, writing at my 
engage the nursery business, I ex- desk, I look out at a of Luculia 
ety pos, roe new oF gneeaei gratissima from China; this shrub is about 
eee ft 
plants possessing me o that our gar- teen years old and carries ce fe. 


dens and streets thereby might be more 
adorne 
Loo over my old lists. of plants, 
of things obtained mostly from Australia 
d a, I am almost daunted as 
I read them. Virtually all of this material 


California. n pi man fc) ese 


from seed, no lo ist. Most of them 


ous gardens received perpetual ir- 
ogi ona = Lalani to which they sooner 

r later 

aeatiatine catalogues and horticultural 
books of the two countries mentioned 
above, and admiring the illustrations of 
the various subjects, I experience a di 
tinct sense of loss and disma 


and I fervently hope that in the 
new State and County Arboretum, all 
subjec ich require and t 
have the right environment and treatment 
m happy and will flourish and 

cause pleasure t who behold t 


It is easy, too — sometimes, to put 
moisture into the without 


ing systems to a fine misty spray to 
combat our atmospheric aridity, many 
beautiful things which insist on moisture- 


throw off moisture into the 
hese adverse conditions can be to a 
large extent obviated. 


rs: C 
this, aside from its natural charm, is be- 
cause this particular plant seems to defy 

1 ifficult and 


soil it is possible to imagine. Some years 
of this iovely 
nti 


var Ss 

fortunately “When 

them well, and ‘ed rig 
die.” I reca 


they were sure 
got all the scientists 


some obscure malady carried them 
About four years ago, when 
Oakland, my friend, Dr. H 
of the University at gy took me 
i ea Luculia 


e entrancing thing: 
hundred trusses of flowers, and the plant 


growing this superb plant all over again, 


and hope from past disaster to pluck final 
success. 
Aside from the material secured from 


Africa, Australia and New Zealand, I nat- 
urally procured quite a few meritorious 
subjects from China and India, the Canary 
Islands, and Central and out 


fine tesa from this source. 

I remember vividly how many years 
ago the ‘ata Sir yee ae Hill, Director of 
Kew me 
around m arden and noticed 


sked me from whom they came; I 


FE nD ae he 


SP RING 4.9:5: 1 23 


he comes to Kew we delegate one man 
to walk in front of him, and another to 


mer, this is a valuable plant with its pro- 
ee of blue flowers for month after 


of old in the Roman arena— 
“We who are about to die salute thee.” 
In another article I hope to mention and 
pay tribute to the men and women who 
did so much to enrich our state by their 
introductions. 


LT 


LASCA, AND ITS BIRD-LIFE 


W. DAN QUATTLEBAUM 


€ area now known as LASCA— 
Los Angeles State and County Arboretum 
—there has been, very probably for thou- 
years, a small lake maintained by 


d the mesa. 

Pid favorable conditions for bird life 

Ontinued without a break, perhaps, until 
E E 


3 
c 
Q 
os 


tand of Eucalyptus, C 

, Cypress, Fan Palms, 
Eastern Elms, Persimmons and Magnolias. 
ideal conditions — trees, 


mer Tanager, an exceedingly rare visitor 
from the East, in an eastern Oak near the 


Green Heron and 

crowned Night Heron nesting at the same 

time, in his yard. Two rare Florida Gal- 

linules er fall and winter of 1949- 
e. 


are residents, 11 
summer residents, 20 winter residents, and 
86 migrants 


156 species: of these 39 


in setting apart the Arboretum as a Bird 
Sanctuary. The staff at the Arboretum is 
also very cooperative in the interest of 
bird-life on the grounds. Plans are afoot 
to grow special plants which are known 
to furnish food for birds. The art and work 

ll 


d the Arboretum—will always be 
a haven for birds. . 


24 f LAS CA LEAVES 


GROWING NOTES 


GEORGE H. SPALDING 


A report on the aay eaey wniigs periods of various species may be of interest for the 
record and of some help to those gardeners who like to try something a Ses different. 


Following is a germination table based on Arboretum records. All wer rminated in 
the Georgia Peat oe Sponge Rok mixture. Phone given special Seeil nett are indicated 
by symbols as follows: B—boiling water; F-fired; N—nicked. Germination period in- 
dicated is in days gene where otherwise noted: 
e Treat- 
Species ment Period Spec ment Period 
Acacia acuminata B 21 Bucalypte sehen 7-10 
Acacia adenophora B 6 Eucalyp ia ra 24 
Acacia adunca B 8-10 Beraeune eruc 9 
as Brown B 8-10 Eucalyptus ic ae 5 
Acacia buzifolia B 10-14 Eucalyptus erythr 11 
Nace ourdiophy la B 8-10 Eucalyptus erythronema Lairdi 13 
Acacia decora B pe Pe “neh Forresti 
: ucalyptus 
hegre sah. rosea 
Acacia elonga B 14 Eucalyptus macrocarp 
Acacia faleat B 20 Eucalyptus seas baeeciss 
Acacia farnesiana B 7-10 Eucalyptus mi 
cacia line B al nU 
Acacia nervosa B 25-30 Eucalyptus Oldfieldii 
cacia obliqua B 25-30 alyptus pachyphylla 
Acacia oxycedrus B 15 Eucalyptus platypus 
Ac pendula B 5 Eucalyptus Aeetheve 
Acacia prominens B 23 Eucalyptus py 
Acacia pycnanth Ai 27 Eucalyptus Phodantha 
Acacia spectabilis B 11 Eucalypt 
‘Acacia subulata B 40 Eucalyptus Stoatei 
Acacia undulifotia B 15 Eucalyptus T 
Acacia v RB 7 Eucalyptus tereticornis 
Alyogyne pair’ tifidus 14 Grevillea Wilsonii 
Arthropodium Costar 40 akea cyclocarp 
Aspalathus sarcod 30 Hakea glabella 
Banksia burdettii 60 Hakea multilineata 
Banksi olia 30 Hakea tol 
Banksia Menziesii 40 Hakea petiolaris 
Banks notes 55 Isopogon roseus 
Bauhinia carronii N 7 Kennedya prostrata B 
Beaufortia spar. 26 Leschenaultia biloba 
diene riatty 4 olia Melaleuca crassifolia 
rachychi cida 
Call ~ ninata 6 wine elliptica 
Ca so late ten ey = Melaleuca erubescens 
Cal sovind rset 9 laleuca longicoma 
Callistemon pallid 5 eo ee 
Callistemon foliu 12 Melaleuca pubescens 
listemon teretifolius 8 Melaleuca Steedmanii 
Callistemon viminalis 6 Melaleuca s 
Callistemon violacea 10 Melaleuca styphelioides 
maelaucium rubrum 80-45 Melaleuca Wilsonii 
h pero 17 Telopea oreades 
Entelea arboresee 11-150 Telopea speciosissima 
lef cag Burdettiana , oe Muelleriana 
calyptus erticordia plumosa 
Eucalyptus mabonelis rosea te Viminaria Eason 


MEMBERSHIP 


Annual Associate Membership... Sey ee ae uit $5.00 
Annual Membershit 10.00 
Annual Contributing ACTIONS ia ds attest as cvane ke 25.00 
Annual Sustaining Membership...................2....-.---.- 100.00 
Annual Sponsor Membership............... spiel eras 250.00 
Life Membership 500.00 
Founders 1000.00 or more 
Benefactors 5000.00 or more 


CLUB MEMBERSHIPS are available, at any amount, 
from $10 a year or more. 


ALL CONTRIBUTIONS DEDUCTIBLE UNDER 
FEDERAL INCOME TAX Law: 


Checks should be made payable to the California Arboretum 
Foundation, Inc., and sent to our headquarters at 291 North 
Old Ranch Road, Arcadia, Calif. Phone DOuglas 7-3444. 


2 


The Los Angeles State and County Arboretum is 
operated by California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., a 
non-profit corporation. The Foundation is developing and 
managing the Arboretum under an agreement with the 
Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. Title to the 
120 acres of property is in the State of California, which 
has leased it to Los Angeles County for fifty years. 
Construction operations are actively commenced by the 
County of Los Angeles in accordance with the master 
plan of the foundation prepared by Harry Sims Bent. 
Because of safety hazards the Arboretum is closed to the 
public during construction. 


Oreraten By 
CaLirornia AgBORETUM FouNnpbatTion, INc. 


all 7 


OM 


CALIFORNIA 


LUsca 
Leaves 


SUMMER 
1951 
s ¢ se VER 


‘OUNTY AK BOLET 


a 
< 
Z. 
lad 
Se 
© 
—, 
a 

CO m= 

x 
aa) 
i 
laa 
<< 
eS 
eo; 


# 


US ANGELES" 


oe 
ARCADIA 


| 


\ | Pomegranate 
a - a 


BOARD OF TRUSTEES 


CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC. 


Dr. F. W. WENT President 

Dr. SAMUEL AYRES, JR Vice-President 

Mrs. FRANKLIN BOOTH Vice-President 

Howarp A. MILLER Treasurer 
Manchester Boddy 


Robert Casamajor 
Ralph D. Cornell 

Mrs. Richard Y. Dakin 

J. F. Douglas 

Mrs. Thomas Fleming 
William Hertrich 
John C. Macfarland 
Samuel B. Mosher 

Mrs. William D. Shearer 

John Anson Ford, Ex-Officio 


: (Founded Through the Efforts of the 
Southern California Horticultural Institute) 


LOS ANGELES S14? 24 ARBORETUM 


STAFF 
Dr. R. J. SEIBERT Director 
GEORGE H. SPALDING Superintend 
W. QUINN Buck Pro pagator 
J. THoMAS McGAH Plant Recorder 
Dewey E. NELSON Custodian 


THELMA G. BLANCHARD Secretary 


oo 


= 


_ and lovely 
© Sweetly. 


LASCA LEAVES 


Quarterly Journal of the 


LOS ANGELES 


COUNTY 
STATE and 


ARBORETUM 


A CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC. PUBLICATION 
R. J. SEIBERT, Editor 


VOL. I 


JULY, 1951 


THE POMEGRANATE 


CHARLES GIBBS ADAMS 


cover design is even older, derived from a 
color plate made in 1828. 


a abr ap. mg were fea- 
t e arts o ssyria, Egypt and 
Persia as symbols of fertility. r 


eir new land of Canaan would 
of wheat and barley, vines 
Gate and Pomegranates.” 

reek Theophr i , 
epi phrastus, Aristotle’s succes 


m 
hose glistening foliage 
blossoms the nightingale sang 


among w 


The sheer beauty of the tree,—with its 


fountain-like form, its glossy clean foliage, 
often red-veined, its exquisite blossoms of 
orange-scarlet with petals like crumple 

silk, its crimson winter fruit, hanging long 
after the leaves have n and finally 
splitting open to reveal a treasure trove of 
rubies within—such beauty alone would 
render it a treasure in decoration, even if 
it were not of si i i 


declared it “the best sort of writing ink, 
which is durable to the world’s end.” 
countries around the Mediterranean Sea, 
red dye is made from the flowers, and wine 
from the fruit, and a favorite refreshment 
is sherbet of its juices. 

The pomegranate can be depended upon 
for continuous performance of these good 
s; there is written record of one tree 


st any soi 
black adobe; it asks but little of food and 
drink, cultivation and pest control. 

The tree’s botanic name, Punica Grana- 
u means “the granulated (fruit) of 


From that city it was intro- 


. ef ’ 
genia, Feijoa, Guava, Melaleuca, and even 


Tristania and Eucalyptus. 


1 Johann Gottlieb Mann, Deutschlands Arzney-Pflan- 
zen, 2, 1828. 


26 LVASCA-L BA VES 


CHAIN OF TITLE FOR RANCHO SANTA ANITA 
(Prepared for LASCA by W. W. Robinson) 


KING OF mei 
Spanish occupation 0 f California com- 
69 with title to all the land 


1 
Santa “srt came under ecclesiastical ju- 
risdictio 


THE MEXICAN NATION 
Spanish rule in California ets way to 
t 


exican in 1822, rough ’s suc- 
cessful revolt against Spain daiindeirn 
a. of Santa Anita ission con- 


ued until secularization was completed, 
: ee late 1830’s 
HUGO REID 
Reid, a Scot who became a Mexican citi- 


a. 
ico seraasiiae full title in 
1845 t to this “Scotch Paisan 
HENRY DALTON 


Dalton, an English merchant 
from California _ in 


who ca 


oard of Land 
ommissioners aphaid Dalton's title. 


JOSEPH A. ROWE — 
Rowe, California’s pioneer circus man, 
bought the rancho from Dalton in 1854. 


WILLIAM CORBITT 
and ALBERT DIBBLEE 
1858 
WILLIAM WOLFSKILL 
1865 
HARRIS NEWMARK 
1872 
ELIAS J. (LUCKY) BALDWIN 
1875 
ANITA BALDWIN McCLAUGHRY 
ET AL. 


These were the distributees under the 
decree of distribution, rendered April 24, 
1913, of the estate o Baldwin who 
had di ed on March 

HARRY CHANDLER 
1936 
RANCHO SANTA ANITA, INC. 
1936 
STATE OF CALIFORNIA 
1947 


er purchase, the State leased the 


historic Rancho Santa Ani 


CHAIN OF HORTICULTURE 


SUSANNA BRYANT DAKIN 


From King of Spain to State of Califor- 
nia—from 1769 until 1951—successive own- 
ers have contributed to the horticulture of 


rich pasture 
and 20 eee bing She it was known by 
the Indians as “Plac Sei Many Waters.” 
They li ied | in ay Bs huts) near the 
aes and called this pow lh eanison Aleupkig- 


ae the locality there was a plentiful sup- 
ply of food—growing wild and needing no 


oe on the place, came edible acorns 
mountain cherry, chia (a small gray thistle 
mang tender stalks of sage, various berri 

ts. In his “Letters on the Tadinne: " 


Hugo Reid has given some of their more © 
palatable recipes 
To certain plants eden graben healing 
properties. For instan ame 


Ww .” Due to Bit, “they cal 
ried teeth perfect to the ve.” 
en Reid acquired title tt Aleupkig-™ 


SUMMER 


je ye Sad | 27 


(come to be known as the mission rancho 
he introduced advanced 


with the Frenchman, Jean 
and Kentuckian William Wolfskill_two of 
his friends who, in Bancroft’s Pioneer 
Register, were described as “the pioneers 
of California’s greatest, industry, the pro- 
duction of wine and fruit.’”’ With the padres 
at near by San Gabriel — yd ex- 
changed char pauee and v va 
riety and extent of his nicnting is shown 
in his aon c 1844. 

William Heath Davis, baer Santa Ani- 
ribed the Reid 


California,” grew lyric over Santa Anita in 
eid’s day, writin 
“Tt is one of the fairy spots to be met 
with so often in California. On the de- 
clivity of a hill is erected a molino, or grist- 
unded with fruit "trees and flow- 


Ss are gushin 
scattering their waters in every direction.” 

Hugo Reid achieved fame as a fearless 
writer 


Having paid $2,700 sis the iiodboar he 
r $33, 000—to 


_ Corbitt and his partner Albert Dibblee— 
_a Santa Barbara ranchero married to a de 
la Guerra. 


Corbitt and Dibblee were pg pain in 


cattle ranching. Leaving the vineyards, 
ive 


a tne e€s-- 


— calling it ‘Gas Racing! growing 


e grapes from aaa aw slips, and 
raising trotting hor 

The remainder of yen original grant was 

conveyed to William Wolfskill—something 


ro 
French slips. He restored and added to the 
original vineyards and orchard—and 

larized date growing, transplanting onal 


Australia. They are among the old 
California, and have ere to enormous 
size, as have his palm tre 
William Wolfskill died in 1866, leaving 
t 


ess. Emaciated black c e 
hak rolling hills and beautiful valleys, like 
flies on sticky paper For a long time, cattle 


tended, and citrus groves appeared in pro- 


Since Reid’s day, Santa Anita owners 
with citrus and _ their 


goo nd, once 

Prospective buyers hounded the Wolfskills, 
o plant orange and lemon groves 
on 1,000 acre plots. For this purpose, Al- 
fred and Katharine Chapman kage. the 
pate now known as nW 

In 1872 Harris Newmar. of “Sixty 
Years in Southern California”) paid $10. 50 
per acre for the home ranch, reduced by 

sales to 8000 acres 


allotted to sheep, - on logy ea to his wool 
busin _ in A northern sec- 
tion he deeded to the ‘Southern Pacific in 
veioition of the “Iron Horse” whose 
rival would skyrocket land values. 
But before completion of the Southern 
wmark disposed o 


5, 
through the San Gabriel Valley, in 


28 ASC ASE. EAVES 


search of mining property near San Ber- 
nardino. First his eye was taken by the 

egant Rose estate and then, like others 
before him, he fell in love with the natural 
beauty of Santa Anita 

Says Palmer Conner in his “Romance of 
the Ranchos”: ‘“‘The mountains of the Si- 
erra Madre loomed as sentinels behind the 


was a picture of 
ame He “TIE buy: it’ said he: 
a price of $200,000 


s Newmark put a 


tock ela t 5 elas! 
1 Ww 


ose that survive 
i peppers from 
Peru, alee tea trees (Leptospermum 
laevigat 
He scored the marsh, never lake 
since the drought of the ’60s, feet the 
“fairy spot” of Reid’ s day. The old adobe he 


of his flashy, worldly life he chose to die 
in the adobe built by Hugo Reid for his In- 
dian love—so simply, so long ago. 

Santa Anita was neglected after Mr 
Baldwin’s death in 1909. 
family retained title until Helps to 
sell, in 1936, to Harry Chan 


a great landholder. Mr. praca 


hen the State and County 
000 _ Chandler heirs in 1947. 
as s purchase price of $2700 
for 13,500 acres one hundred years earlier! 


The present site of the Los Angeles State 
rboretum includes the lake 
id adobe, the Bald- 


m trees continue their 
sky—the ancient Agta ahd a lem- 

n tree remain to ind us of pioneer 
planting a Souther California. 

ac rlier owner of Rancho Santa Ani- 
ta developed the land for his private need 
and gain. Now a new era is Say ata 
with the establishment of a 


oO wide reputations already hav 
contributed sea gett time, and money to- 
s idea ich may not be Fully 


realized in one ae s lifetim 
ns Verdoorn left his beset as edi- 


more inspired, initial cat Tidetatigable 
Dr. Went is himself a scientist of world 
reputation, long identified with 
fornia Institute of Technology. The Ar- 
etum absorbs him as an extracurricular 
Ta a takes many hours a week. 
ned to his lit- 


r. Verdoorn retur 
erary ‘ead pe life, he ees the 
appointment of a you a R. d. 


eir medicinal propertie 
As in Reid’s day, seeds Pa? slips and 
plants are coming to us from Spain C 
. rance—many, like Wolfskill’s eucalypt, 
ome from Australia. Peru and China are 
furnishing us, as they did Dalton and Bald- 


e. a er — Seibert’s direction, . 
Hanehe Santa Anita may make her great- — 
est contribution allied fields of scienti- — 
fic research. ’ 


and 4 


_ patio, and gar 
‘ Hugo Re id’s own inventory 


SUMMER 


|e ae a 29 


ORCHARD AND VINEYARD 
(Reid’s Inventory, 1844) 


Hugo Reid first considered selling Santa 
Anita early in 1844, when hard times w 
upon him. He wrote to the great land- 
holder, Don Abel Stearns, on June l, ask- 


Reid listed the sate Papen in the 
ae alh of his adobe ra hou 

neyard is ay alee: It con- 
tains pies totaling 22,730 and ground suf- 
ficient to make up the number of 40,000, 


besides 430 varieties of fruit trees: 20,500 
m 
ground sufficient to make up th 


pulines (blood oranges), 3 nogales (walnut 
trees) 7 olivos (olive trees), 40 limones (lem- 
on trees), in all, 430 trees.” 


7 


THE HUGO REID ADOBE, 1839-40 


Plans have been completed for the res- 


h huts, simulating 
those used by Indian servants, will be half- 
hidden eg planting near the lake’s laun- 
dry-ston 
A feuek ntain will resume its play, in the 
arden planting will duplicate 


Pomegranate—are being cherished through 
the planning and const on period 
Planting and architectural additions of a 
later date will be re ved (except a 
Eucalyptus planted by Wolfskill in the 
60s, a large magnolia and a camphor shad 

the house, two e palms overhang- 


ing the lake—and a few other specimens 


which we are not ruthless enough to do 


away with). Such clearing is necessary to 
allow room for the authentic re-creation of 
a noted California residence of the 1840’s. 
Before choosing an architect and land 
scape architect, members of the Historical 


opies of his 
are available at gc 
Bent commented i ing 
on our long-term Lichershage Minch 1, 195])> 


project forms a 


gram. 
dwin structures is terse 
simple, in terms of work and research. 

¥ mmittee decided last Spring that the Hugo 
Reid premises were to be re-created to di 
the original establishment and its basic h 
. It also was decid 


gime, bearing no relatio id. 
“RESTORATION: True restoration work, as dis- 


30 


LASCA LEAVES 


tinguished from 


mere repair or preservation effort, Larkin House Monterey 
at the re-creation of authentic scenes as they 7, a ee Ae eae 
appeared in their hey-day. Sentime preservation, 
often confu with restoration, isses that signi- 


ed on true restoration ys. 


All Fee pag behin 


simple preserva 


d this program 
where con- 


Casa Alvarado 


Monterey 
e 


Stokes House .... 


Monterey 
Old Custom: House. Monterey 
Casa Sanchez Monterey 


La easa del Rancho Guajome 


letters, and recor an Luis Rey 

of his contemporaries and close associates Scot Ree Ona he Los Angeles 

. by Su a Bryant akin, authentically 
and vividly pictures Hugo Reid, his character, aspira- Castro House San Juan Batista 
tions, way-of-life, and relations with the Early Cali- 
fornia, scene. et of a man’s life i re expres- _ Caneda Adobe ..................... Santa Barbara 
sive of his character, way-of-life and aspirations, than : : 
the house that he builds for his family. I evse, snare Sgn a lea Jes tomy eed ea 
ase ented picture of id can be Yorbe-Abade Adobe ............ Santa Barbara 
expected to meg a plausible demain of his phy- 
teal establishm 


“It is clear wae Hugo Reid was an obser 


dividual ; that as concerned with the puvintatien 
of life: that his early background and educat 
him tast ei discriminations extraordinary for his 
time and place: that his affairs sige associations link- 
him Seas with: the Monterey scene. 
“His marriage to Dofia Victoria in no wa uc 
ee status of a squaw-ma is ian Ma 
rself, been tun to 


adontion by the fated and prominent Dofia Bulalia 
Per e Mar 

as ven ny business and poreak ioe 
tions with, California’ s ne capital and bus Fee 
ical to a i be 


oa exa 
ri 


re che no 
lived in the Monterey rather than in 
Pa aisan ano traditi ion ny his neighbors in Southern 
Californ 


“The is buildings of Monterey and of the cegacgyrtd 
type have been carefully se ed. Of 


reen h a few 
from the very early period, were select has a social 
study, as list ese re examined from the 
standpoint of atmosphere, plan 

use of mate 


arrangements, scale, 
rials, and appropriate detail. Th 
tion plan does not pr 


eS, 
ain to have ‘been used by Hugo R 
pena rs 


“Applicable examples of the Early Monterey 
style, studied for rian effects, plan, 
and detail preceden 


Cooper House 


Monterey 


Cees Soberanes 00000 Monterey 


Miranda: House = ..cc553055 Santa Barbara 


Guadalupe Rancho Adobes..Santa Barbara 


addition to the above, restoration tech- 
niques in adobe and woodwork were studied 
a La Purisima Mission, Federa’ 


the ]1 Restor- 
ation Project, Lompoc, Californ 


“MONTEREY STYLE: This 
‘merchant’ style of Early ge 7 ne nia, durin 
riod 1825-1850. It is clearly 
other contemporary m 

out sae sac 
re ha 


can be defined as the 

ng the pe- 

stinguishable from the 

o: ilding design through- 

rnia where Spanish and Mexican tradition 
ated. 


“Early traders of the Port of Monterey would not 

ut up for long with the hegre of living in 4 

pores eagran no Pate house. The flow of ocean trade 

cahnek pauidces materi 
E 


d er 
a comparatively sophisticated vers 


“THE HUGO REID PLAN: Research leads to the — 
conten that the Ol Hugo Reid establishment : 
followed the very early Monterey style: ugh its 


eS Res en ee 


Rancho Santa Anita in the 1880’s. The “Lucky” Baldwin Casino with the Hugo Reid Adobe in the left background. 


32 BASCA “LEAVES 


genera! layout must have followed the hacienda scheme, 
rather than the urban plan o 


h e pretentious ranch- es iendas, the 
enclosed quadrangle was the traditional layout. This 
involved greater scale and cost than Hugo Reid coul 


afford. For the smaller haciendas, throughout Califor- 


nia, a L-shaped plan was the practical alternative. 


indicates that such was the general arrangem 


THE BALDWIN CASINO AND CARRIAGE HOUSE 
(1876-1880) 


A recent termite survey reveals more 
rapid deterioration in the frame buildings 
built by “Lucky” Baldwin than in Reid’s 
adobe, constructed forty years earlier. 
There is greater urgency for their restora- 
tion. Influenced by this and other factors, 
the Historical Committee has appointed 
Maurice Block to plan the Victorian res- 
rain yl bring cost estimates to our 

une meeting. No structural changes are 


eded—beyond occasional con- 
sultation ee members of our architec- 
tural sub-committee 

Already, individual Baldwins have 
promised cooperation and donations of 
family heirlooms, including “Lucky’s” own 
tally-ho. A namesake nephew, E. J. Faw- 
cett, will serve as historical custodian, 
along with Dewey Nelson who lives in- 
side the Arboretum. More responsible and 
interested people could not be found, in or 
out of civil service. 


, 


As planner and supervisor, Maurice 
Block is well-qualified — having created 
the period rooms at the Huntington Art 
Gallery, including one actually of the Vic- 
torian era. With him will be working a 
master craftsman named Sam Maloof, 


whose talents extend from the manufac- 
ture of contemporary furniture to adobe 
brick-making, paisano style. A letter from 
Mr. Block was requested, read and ap- 
proved at the May meeting of the Histori- 
cal Committee. In brief, he writes: 

seems to me to repairs and 
replacements, from top 


an aid in giving the place character and atmosphere 


“Intended exclusively for entertainment, the is 
tage would have been rather elaborately and colorfully 
ink the Victorian tendency towards 


f expec 


“In the stable, besides structural restoration, the — 
effort should be la the original 

i be given, of the © 
bustle of that once went on there, like arrested : 
pagean 


" 
i 


a 
q 


SUMMER 


| ip Ne Be | 


LOS ANGELES STATE AND COUNTY ARBORETUM 
HISTORICAL COMMITTEE 


ANNUAL REPORT — JUNE 12, 1951 


Under direction of President Went, the 
Historical Committee was formed and com- 
menced its active life in March, 1949. Since 
that date, $5750.00 has been raised by pri- 
vate subscription to defray the cost of re- 
search and planning pertaining to restora- 
tion of the three historic buildings at the 
Rancho Santa Anita. These lie within the 
Historical Preserve as defined in the Ar- 
boretum’s Master Plan. Restorations will 
include gardens adjacent to each build- 
ing. 


We wish at this time to express deep 
appreciation to Charles Gibbs Adams for 
his contribution of time and thought in 
preliminary planning of the garden restor- 

tion—to Harry Sims Bent, Master Plan- 


our large committee merits special ac- 
knowledgment 


Howard Miller is performing a valuable 


| mittee. Each donation is tax exempt. 


John Anson Ford has been serving since 
the beginning, on our Committee—as well 
on the Arboretum Foundation Board. 
He is valuable as an interpreter to his fel- 
low County Supervisors, explaining our 
Problems and progress. In many ways Mr. 
Ford contributes to the congeniality and 
interest of our meetings. His is a hearten- 
Ing influence. 


R. J. Seibert serves ex-officio, as Arbo- 
retum Director. He has expressed admira- 
tion of the literary value of our minutes 
and wishes a copy to be kept in the Arbo- 
retum Library. This seems the place to 
thank W. W. Robinson for keeping a rec- 


author (of California history and children’s 
books) and we appreciate the trouble he 
takes to entertain us, as well as to record 
events. Ed Ainsworth occasionally pinch- 
hits, in his own—more ribald—style! 
Georgina Hicks Mage interested the Na- 
tional Society of Colonial Dames of Amer- 
ica in our project—besides personally con- 
tributing a great deal of thought and hos- 
pitality to the Historical Committee. Be- 
sides the Dames, there are several organi- 


long-term pr 
being solicited in any way. These include 
both the Sons and Daughters of the Gold- 
en West, the California and Southern Cali- 
fornia Historical Societies, the Pasadena 
and Digger Garden Clubs. Also we have 
a gratifying communication from Newton 
Drury, formerly head of the National Park 
Service, and now Chief of California’s Di- 
vision of Beaches and Parks. On April 30, 
1951, he wrote to our chairman: 


“I was very much interested upon my 
return to California and to the California 
State Park System, to read your letter of 
April 11, and the attached plan for restor- 
ation of the structures at the Los Angeles | 
State and County Arboretum. Since I was 
stationed at the Army Balloon School at 
Arcadia in World War I, the subject has a 
special appeal to me. 

“T am again looking forward to working 
with you and your group, the Los Angeles 
State and County Arboretum Historical 
Committee.” 


34 BASCA’ LEAVES 


HISTORIAL COMMITTEE: MEMBERSHIP 


CHAIRMAN: 
Mrs. RicHAarD Y. DAKIN Board Member of California Arboretum 
(Susanna Bryant) Foundation, Inc., and Piette ade i 
744 Rockwood Road Society. Biographer of Hugo 


Pasadena 2, California- 
SYcamore 9-1376 


SECRETARY: 
W. W. iS California historian. Editor of poblicel 
Title Insurance & Trust Co. (and Vice of? a, of Title Insu 
433 South Spring Street Trust Co. ard Chairman, Fri a of 
Los Angeles 13, California U.G.L.A. 
MAdison 6-2411 

TREASURER 
Howarp A. MILLER Formerly Agricultural Director, L.A. C. of 
Assistant General Manage reasurer of California Arboretum 
Los Angeles naire of Conners Foundation, Ine 


1151 South Broadw 
Los Angeles 15, California 
Richmond 2441 


SUB-COMMITTEES 
I. POLICY (overseeing public relations, publications, library acquisitions of documents, 
books, pictures) : 
CHAIRMAN: 
J. GREGG LAYN Editor, Historical gene of Southern Cali- 
Los Angeles City a & Power Dept. fornia Quarterly. Book editor, California 
207 South Broadw Historical Society Quarterly. 
os rebipr: 24, California 
Michigan 4211 
MEMBERS: 


Feature writer and member of Editorial 
Board, Los Angeles Times 


es 
Stre 
Los agg 53, California 
345 


MAdiso 
Mrs. RICHARD Y. DAKIN 
JOHN C, MACFA rape Southern California pcr agp aaa tong Me 
1130. Garfield Ave Board member, California Arboretum Foun- 
South Pasadena, ‘California dation, Inc. Formerly a partner of Gibson, 
SYcamore 9- 2588 Dunn, "and Crutcher, Attorney 
LAURENCE POWELL 

Librarian, U.C.L.A. Book Editor of West 
The U Pa A t06 Hillenet 7 ways (published by the Auto Club of South- 
Los Angeles 24, California ern California). 
BRadshaw 2-6161 


W. W. Rosinson 


Dr. FRITS President, California Arboretum Founda- 
California Institute of Technology _ Inc. Earhart Plant Research Labora- 
1201 East California ot tory Director (California Institute of Tech- — 
Pasadena 4, thi nology). . 
SYcamore 6-712 

II. FINANCE Pee disbursements and contracts) : 

CHAIRMAN: 
Epwarp A. Dickson, President Board Chairman, Regents of the University — 
Western Federal Savings & Loan Assn. of California. mest ae Historical SocietY — 
600 South Hill Street of Southern Californ 


Los Angeles 14, California 
MAdison 2436 


LASC-A LEAVES 


CHARLES S. JONES, President 
Richfield Oil Corporation 

555 South Flower Street 
Los Angeles 18, California 


an Marino 5, California 
SYcamore 6-31 684 
Dr. Pp MUNZ 
Rancho Santa Ana 
oute 
Anaheim, cries 
PLacentia 
Dr. RUSSELL . . 
Los secre State : at County 


Arbor 
291 North Old — Road 


(Ge orgina ks) 
2840 East Gattena Street 
Sree 8, Califo 

36 


MEMBERS: 


MAURICE BLOCK 

625 West 

Aira bien na 
SYcamore 2-3390 
LINDLEY B 

1615 Camden 

Los Angeles 25, California 
ARizona 7-514 43° 


peas 5, California 
SYcamor 55 


Los Angeles 6, C lit ote 
os nge es a 
phim god ifornia 
Mrs. ABIGAIL VON ScH 

1138 Arden Road cups 
Pasadena 5, California 
SYcamore 2-6478 


Board member of California Arboretum 

Foundation, Inc. Supervised development of 

Huntington Botanic Garden, wee Pts first 
urator; now Curator Emeritus. 


President, Men’s Garden Club of Los An- 
geles. President . Soueaiane California In- 
stitute of Technol 


President, Diggers Garden Club. 


Director, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Gar- 
den of the 
(founded by Susanna Bixby Bryant in mem- 
ory of her father, John Ww. Bixby). 


Director, Los Angeles State and on 
ahr pe ve ange with U. S. Dep 
ent of Agricultur 


V. FURNISHINGS (interiors, heirlooms, historical exhibits) : 
CHAIRMAN: 


Chairman, Los Angeles-Pasadena Commit- 
tee of the National Society of Colonial 


Dames of aa Regent of Gunston Hall — 


on the Potom 


Formerly ee of art colleeione | and 
originator of Hun 
ie sh niibet Art Museum Bocce rs 


California historian. Assistant to Dr. Sproul, — 


President of the University of California. 


Industrial Designer. Past President bs Na- — 


tional Society of Industrial Designer 


The restorer, with Dr. Heard, - the Alva- ‘ 


rado adobe—built in the 1830’ 


Director, Pasadena Art Institute. Former 
assistant si at Corcoran Art Gallery: 


Washington, 


Feature writer, Los Angeles Examiner. 


President, Pasadena Art Institute. Direct™ 


Pasadena. Flower Show Association. 


i 


riod rooms, H. ing- 


Native Plants of Ci 


SUMMER 1951 35 


MEMBERS: 
HOMER Crotty (Partne 
bson, Dunn, 


Los Angeles 14, California 
MUtual 5381 


SON ForD 
211 West Toiple Street 
Los .Angeles 12, California 
MUtual 9211 
Howarp A. MILLER 


r) 
Gi pw sre Attorneys 
: 634 South Sprin ng Str 


President, State Bar. Board Chairman of 
Southwest Museum and Friends of the 
Huntington Library. 


Los Angeles County Supervisor. 


III. ARCHITECTURAL RESTORATION (data on materials, architectural details, and 
S$): 


construction technique 


CHAIRMAN: 
ARTHUR Woop 
Chief Peaiae a of "Hist or 
Los Angeles County Museuiii 
Exposition Park 
Los Angeles a Calif. 
RIchmond 219 

MEMBERS: 
HAROLD CHAM 
124 West Fourth: “Stre t 
Los reg: 18; California 
MAdison 9-3331 
ROBERT G. CLELA 


San eins my eel nia 

SYcamore 2-6 

M. HaRnincrox, Curator 
| Southwest Muse 

234 Mus 

Los ‘Angeles 65, California 

CApital 1-1318 


Henry E. Huntington Library 
for 


On loan (1951) to rae my Park Service; 


Historical conus 


Survey. Adviso La Purisima Mission, 
Federal Reatoration Project, Lompoc, Cal- 
ifornia. 


Architect, Past President A. I. A. 


California historian. Member of permanent 
ce taff, H. E. Huntington Library 
d Art Gall ery. 


Advisor on San Fernando and La Purisima 


“The terkey’ and other baler gang also 
of books inclu ing “How to Build a Cali- 
fornia obe. 


IV. HISTORICAL GARDENS (authentic lay-outs and plant materials) : 


CHAIRMAN: 
CHARLES Gipps ADAMS 
Landscape ie soba 
440 Arroyo 
South Pasadena California 
PYramid 1-264 

oe 

FRED HATHAWAY BIXBY 

Gime a ~ 

Rancho Alam 


Long Beach 2 4, Pelitienia 
i. B: sn gh $4 


oad 
oe “e ae 5, California 


LEO Car 

639 Bast Chataiel 1 Road 

ce sete Monica, California 
Ss. How. ARD. CUNNINGHAM 

(Horiense Mi McLaughlin) 

ma Eas 


California Garden 
os Angeles City 

” National ” President 

Cactus and Succulent Society of 

Director, Nationa] Council of Garden Clubs. 


Formerly bE nn 
Clubs, Inc. esident 


Developer, with Mr. Adams, of historic gar- 
den at Rancho Los Alamitos. Board mem- 
ber of L. A. County Museum and Scripps 
College. 


Pasadena Garden Club, 


State Park Commissioner. 


Pasadena Garden Club. 


36 BASCA LEAVES 

TRICH Board member of California Arboretum 
T6006 Ociandp Road Foundation, Inc. ge Saba development of 
San Marino 15, California Huntington Botan arden, was its first 
SYcamore 6-3677 Curator; now Curator Emeritus. 

ARLES S. JONES, President 
Biehaeld Oil Corporation President, Men’s Garden Club of Los An- 
555 South Flower Street geles. President of Associates, California In- 
os Angeles 13, California stitute of Technology 

MAdison 9-4111 ‘ 


DAvis MERWIN President, Diggers Garden Club. 


SYcamore 6-3 

Dr. PHILIP MUNZ  orbsgpe SP ge Santa Ana Botanic Gar- 
Rancho Santa Ana den of Native Plants of velit 
Route 3 ; (Gounded™ on Susanna Bixby Bryant in mem- 
Anaheim, rsrinias ory of her father, John W. Bixby) 
Placentia 5244 


Dr. RUSSELL J. SEIB Director, Los Angeles State and County 
Los So State aid County Arboretum. Formerly with U. S. Depart- 


ment ot Agriculture. 
291 North Old a Road 
readia, appt 


DOuglas 

Vv. Asitse ve Beale (interiors, heirlooms, historical exhibits) : 

CHAIRM 
Mrs. JOHN 7 RM Chairman, Los Angeles-Pasadena Commit- 
(Georgina Wicket tee of the National Society of Colonial 
2840 East California Street Dames of America. Regent of Gunston Hall 
Pasadena 8, California on the Potomac 

an 1-6136 
MEMBERS: 
AURICE BLOCK Formerly Curator of art collections and 

625 Westgate : : originator of period rooms, H. E. Hunting- 
Pasadena, California ton Library; saanihe er Art Museum Directors 
SYcamore 2-3390 Association 
LIN California histories, Assistant to Dr. Sproul, 
1615 Camden Dri President of the University of California. 
Los Angeles 25, California 
ARizona 7-5143 E 
HENRY Diasec ae Designer. Past President - Na- = 
969 San Pasqual tional Society of Industrial Designer 


Pasadena 5, California 
gaat 6- hl aan : 
The restorer, with Dr. Heard, vgs the Alva- 
(Elizenent echeton} rado adobe—built in the 1830’ 
510 Dutra Street 

Madteces. California 


JOHN PALMER LEEPER Director, Pasadena Art Institute. Formerly — 


Pasadena Art Institute assistant director at Corcoran Art Gallery: — 
46 North Los Robles Washington, D. C. : 
Pasadena 1, California 

Ycam -6167 
PRINCESS nab bion og 

(Conchita Sepulveda) Feature writer, Los Angeles Examiner. 
1757 Buc khan oad 
Los sien 6, California 
WaAlnut 2364 j 
Mrs, ABIGAIL VON SCHLEGELL President, Pasadena Art Institute. ceioaiees : 
1138 Arden Road Pasadena. Flower Show Associatio 


Pasadena 5, California 
SYcamore 2-6478 


MEMBERSHIP 


Annual Associate Membeérshipe. (42402 $ 5.00 
Annual Membershif 10.00 
Annual Contributing Membership................-.-....... 2900 
Annual Sustaining Membership...............-..-.-.--..------ 100.00 
Annual Sponsor Membership.............---..--...0--0-0------ 250.00 
Life Membership 500.00 
Founders 1000.00 or more 
Benefactors 5000.00 or more 


CLUB MEMBERSHIPS are available, at any amount, 
from $10 a year or more. 


ALL CONTRIBUTIONS DEDUCTIBLE UNDER 
FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAW: 


Checks should be made payable to the California Arboretum 
Foundation, Inc., and sent to our headquarters at 291 North 
Old Ranch Road, Arcadia, Calif. Phone DOuglas 7-3444. 
Donations for Historical Restorations should be made pay- 
able to California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., Historical 


Fund. 


The Los Angeles State and County Arboretum is 
operated by California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., a 
non-profit corporation. The Foundation is developing and 
managing the Arboretum under an agreement with the 
Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. Title to the 
120 acres of property is in the State of California, which 
has leased it to Los Angeles County for fifty years. 

Construction operations are actively commenced by the 
County of Los Angeles in accordance with the master 
plan of the foundation prepared by Harry Sims Bent. 
Because of safety hazards the Arboretum is closed to the 
public during construction. 


Operatep By 
CaLiFORNIaA ARBORETUM FounpbaTion, Inc. 


Lusca 
Leaves 


CALIFORNIA 


ARBORETUM 


QUARTERLY JOURNAL 


ANNUAL REPORT 
190-5) 


oct 17 Wt 


ay 
CARDEN > 


fs 
“9 
3 
1) 
= 
x] 
c 
Z 
A 
5 
= 


< 
a 
< 
3S) 
< 


et Autumn 1957 


BOARD OF TRUSTEES 


CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC. 


Dr. F. W. WENT President 

Dr. SAMUEL AYRES, JR Vice-President 

Mrs. FRANKLIN BOOTH / Vice-President 

Howarp A. MILLER Treasurer 
Manchester Boddy 


Robert Casamajor 
Ralph D. Cornell 

Mrs. Richard Y. Dakin. 

J. F. Douglas 

Mrs. Thomas Fleming 
William Hertrich 
John C. Macfarland 

Samuel B. Mosher ~ 

Mrs. William D. Shearer 

John Anson Ford, Ex-Officio 


(Founded Through the Efforts of the 
Southern California Horticultural Institute) 


LOS ANGELES STATE 24 ARBORETUM 


STAFF 

Dr. R. J. SEIBERT Director 
GEORGE H. SPALDING Superintend 

W. QuINN Buck Pro pagator 
J. THomAs McGAH Plant Recorder 
Dewey E. NELSON Custodian 
THELMA G. BLANCHARD Secretary 
JANET WRIGHT DEICHER Research 


and Library (Part time) © 


re ae ints shaaial Ranier 


. 


eee 


mies gma "cee pats ot ai Milgat eM Dake ons Vitbhie Don eer 


fama PE 


Spit bee sake a Seg rane voce ires 


LASCA LEAVES 


Quarterly Journal of the 


LOS ANGELES 


COUNTY 
STATE and 


ARBORETUM 


A CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC. PUBLICATION 
R. J. SEIBERT, Editor 


VUeot 


OCTOBER, 1951 


No. 5 


ANNUAL MEMBERSHIP MEETING 


CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, 


ENC. 


Message of President, FriITts W. WENT 
Delivered June 12, 1951 


Ladies and Gentlemen, 
Member 
California Arboretum Foundation: 

ou welcome to our annual meet- 
ing. It is with great ov aan ie he that the 
staff and trustees of t 


of the progress made 
last eo ar by this vigorously 
po ios young institution. 

n one works with a venture of such 


vision, who have dozens of worthwhile 
and important suggestions for its develop- 


ment, one may have pression that 
progress is slow. It is hard to realize all 
the limitations necessarily im d upon 
a development f this eres among which 
the principal one is the rate of growth of 
plants, which cannot ig ushed even 
certain ae nageak ar ae ort is 


being made © speed up the cine? ration 
of the land as planking: ies limitations 


are that in the interests of proper develop- 

ment, a master plan must be followed to 
ingure the most effective ts saat dis- 
of plant material. requires an 


age and other facilities as grading, roads, 
irrigation system, etc. Finally there is the 
perennial limitati 


out. their — contributions in the 
purchase of t funds for capital 
improvement, and for operation very little 
would have been accompli date. 

wever, once the perioral is open 
to the public the degree of public inter- 
est should control its further develop- 
most fortunate to have you 


a very 
oer between the Arboretum and the 
pu 


ANNUAL REPORT 1950-51 


: Since our last os on these grounds 

: eat just one year ago, you will see that 
ere have ae considerable changes in 

Our surroundin 

Construction : 


a 
Busted has consisted of preliminary phases 


ic items: clearing of danger- 
trees, iti 
Structures, general 


grading, dredging, 


| drainage, | general sewage and water sys- 


tem, and a small portion of the road 
paving. 
This preliminary work, after being ex 
tended by the additional work starting the 
end of this m wi 


ff to commence 
on the <p taiesnbat display plantings within 
this limited a 

Architect: 

It is with deepest regret to the Founda- 
tion Trustees that ill health and other un- 
fortunate circumstances have made it nec- 
essary for the architect, Mr. 

Bent, to withdraw from the program. 


38 LASCA LEAVES 


Bent’s master plan for the Arbo- 
retum has embodied all of the require- 
ments to make this a s 


s be remem- 
bered by those of us with whom he 
worked so closely. 

It is hoped that his far-seeing vision, 
in the form of our master plan for the 
Arboretum, may be carri 
er a damaen for the enjoyment of many 
generatio 
Baldwin ote 


Since its inception, future plans for the 
Arboretum, its access, forecou rt, entrance, 


Baldwin Avenue, particularly between 
Colorado Boulevard and Huntington Drive, 
ny le icles ig the eastern boundary of 


This ma aiter had finally been settled and 
Baldwin Avenue will be constructed with- 


o devote our planning to 
final details Fegarding forecourt, entrance, 
service area, and of course, our future 
buildings. 

Horticultural Program: 


The past year has seen substantial prog- 
ress in o 


ber of institutions and individuals 
throughout the world, and a large propor 
t of the seed recei has e from 


e o keep the 
growing collections well labailed and all 
Tage are up to date. This is a prodigious 
as 

e greenhouse and lathhouse are filled 
to capacity. Many plants are ready for 


tributed to various 
agencies for = "plantings she ou : 
ways and in our parks. Test plantings of 
Eucalyptus and Acacia have b 


I r permanent plant- 
ings in the areas of the Arboretum where 
water is available. 

A 1 nursery for stock plants has 
been started. This nursery also 


Dee of Agriculture over the past 


30 y Much of this plan 9 gah is 
not gic is elsewhere. Thi F) bin: 
able collection and we are ee opagat 


a large portion of it as rapidly as possible 
for use on the grounds 
Mr. W. 


In October of last year, Quinn 


Our collection of Australian plants has 
whe ii SS eae during the past 
d we feel t it np geed some 
really worthwhile a oent 
Research Program 
The County ae Los Angeles, for the 
fiscal year 1950-51, has contributed in the 
ward the research 


of Supervisors adopted August 1 
“IN RE CALIFORNIA STATE AND 


F 
TION, INC., DURING FISCAL YEAR 
ENDING JUNE 30, 
WwW AS, the ‘County ——- it is 
to its ae interest to have research made 


pressly requests the Foundation to under 
tak ereinafter set forth weseatil 
program during the fiscal year ending 
June 30, 1951: 

. The introduction, propagation, gror) 


increasing 
contacts with horti- 
cultural ae botanical ea tiptens all over 
the world, o the keeping of com 
and detaile d pdms of all stages of the 


research from gg of seed or plants 


to final dispositio 
2. Extension a catalogue of plants be 
ing grown or whic 


Southern California. Each entry is be 


PC sniotated, ‘giving, wherever p0S- 


sible, source, notes on cultivation and re- 


Particular emphasis is being placed © 


ong s 
“50 
o 
a 


Continuation of the Union Catalogue 


um of Harv 


w 
Ke : 
Geen ee ee a as ee a A 


mplete 


have been grown, in 


ng 
chyiie wabable Beg aces idee 


Peon 


ee > a ee oe a 


ee a ee PR Oe ee” 


Pee 


i oll 


a 


er 


ee 


AUTUMN 


LS et 


par th to a libraries of similar nature 
an 

4. Palisetine of eon te of speci- 

men plants of as OL t ants en- 
tered in the resea ees file ientared above 
be care- 
only clear reproduc- 
tions of plants typical a a given species 
or variety will be acquired. 

5. Extension of that special section of 
the library yes thie boo n sub-trop- 
ical trees an rubs, their culture main- 
tenance; and sim ation, and such other 
books as oo directly to the po ei 
ra 


institution for the Los Angeles County 
are 


earch Research Agencies: 

Division of ant Exploration 
and Introduction perigee of Plant Indus- 
ry, Sia BE s furnished Pienting 
material of Strophanthus and other poten- 
tial cortisone-producing plants for our 
testing and experimental planting in this 
region. 

. S. Soil Conservation Service, 
cover cropping 


ney a 
a large number of Paces ae for 
testing on the Arboretum groun 

3. The Los Angeles Flood Control Dis- 
trict has furnished Max.-Min. 
and rain gauge for official observation “in 
thorium. and rainfall data a 

r 


5. The California State Mighway De- 
partment hee been utilizing —— of our 
surplus plants of certain spec S fr the 
Purpose of testing their soeeaaliek as 


_ future freeway planting material. 
L. 


: ae 
lant materials 
arative growth potentialities in 


_ two Specifically different areas within Los 


Angeles County. 
Foundation’ s Committees: 


F. W. Went, Chat 


a Samuel Ayres 


Dr. Russell J. Seibert, ex-officio 
Library Comm 

Mr. Robert Gnistiiasar: Chairman 

Mr. William Hertrich 

Mr. John C. Machasiarti 

Dr. Philip Munz 

Dr. Russell J. Seana ex-officio 
sa omaha Commit 
ard ¥, Dakin, Chairman 


Dr. Russell J. cme ex-officio 
Membership Comm 
rs. Thomas Fleuing Chala 


. A. Ray Je 
Mr. Morris B. Miller 
Mrs. Charles W. Paddock 
Mr. Hen . Re 
Mrs. Willtam D. Shearer 


ee Comm alg 
cr. Déaping Chairm 
. Reily, Assistant Chaitaian 


Mr. Chester A. Rude 
— Committee: 

A ete report of the espe ies 
Committee: chair ed by Mrs. Ta- -Y. 
Dakin PRES in “the Suaiicaies 1951, 
issue of LascA LEAVE 
Financial Report 
Total Income—July 1, 1950 to 

1951 


June 30, 
Subventions 
s Aliases County: hs. $43,550.00 
Memberships 3,985.00 
Donations 650.00 
Rentals 800.00 
Publications 3.00 
$48,988.00 
Total Expenses 41,160.74 
sing tact & Arboretum 
Equipm 9,709.63 
Library rt 68 Prints 5s 458.40 
Cash on Hand and in Bank ........ 9,870.98 
Total Assets and Net Worth ... 26,039.01 


40 LASCA LEAVES 
s Membershi Broughton memorial collection of flower 
Membership as of June ngs 1951, paintings and la illustrations was 
as follow shown to the public on two occasions un 
coupe hesiiaats 67 der the auspices of the membership com- 
Annual 151 mittee of the ges re siiowins Ga 

anuar : ; 
Annual Som * held at the Barbour Clubhouse in Arcadia 
: 11 e are greatly indebted Mrs. Margaret 
Peiaeiier 9 arbour for her kind donation of the use 
of the Clubhouse, and her personal assis 
266 on the sho 


The total of 266 members is an increase 
of 110 over last year. 52 are garden club 
s. 
Flower Show Exhibits: 


This we have had an exceptio 
ally oe “collection of Eucalyptus species 
oa 


° eg size, whic ere u t - 
vantage in educational exhibits, show 
lo Show 


at the ernie Flow- 
er Show held April 12th to 
An exhibit of materials eaei at the 


garden tour, sponsored by the Foun- 
dation, ante hac ed and directed by Mrs. 
William D. Shearer, was held on February 
16, 17, and 18, 1951. The foniowine people 
very 3rd ously opened their gardens for 
this event: 
a Mrs. Manchester Boddy, Descanso 
aces ens, La Canada. 
Mrs. Edward R. Valenti tine, San Marino 
Mr. & one John E. Marble, South Pasa- 
en 
Mr. ikis . E. C. Tapfer, San oe 
Mrs. Franklin Booth, Pasaden 
r. Morris B. Miller, Puasionn 
The following garden clubs assisted Mrs 
Shearer = conducting the Foutidation’s 
garden t 
Altaden ne Cone: Club 
Altadena Foothill Garden Club 
Chevy Chase Garden Club 


sr Section of College Women’s 


Teter County Sauce Club 

Las Jardinera 

The Little Gardcs Club of Pasadena 
Northwest Garden Club 


Pasadena Garden » Club 
Seeders & Wee 
South Pasadena Garden Club 
an Marino Garden Club 
The Till 
Displays: 


A representative collection of flower 
paintings from the Charles and Josephine 


gallery, the membership comm 
sored a showing of the Baggies flower 
paintings on Marc 

A selected sient of the Broughton paint- 
ings were displa at Bamico’s anniver- 
sary celebration es March 3rd and 4th. 
Group Tours of the Arboretum: 

The 
Arboretum grounds 
to the public June 3, 1950. This 
ed necessary to protect the public against 
accidents while dangerous work was in 
progress. This measure also speeded uP 

e work going on. 

For a short period this year, the work 
schedule made it possible to conduct, for 
educational purposes, ernie making s 
cial arr anes ements to tour the Arboretum 


om 

oups were Garden wen 
es Chasen from grade Eheols, hig 
schools art classes; Boy 


tw 
— 
c 
(eo) 
w 
K 
Q 
Q 
a] 
—s 
= 
oO 
> 
ie) 
bo 
nS 
0) 
° 
c 
Ko) 
n 
bob) 
La} 
La} 
S355 
3S 
oO 
Q. 


for a conducted tour of the Arboretum 
Volunteer Workers: 


Trustees of the Foundation and ’ 


mornings at t 
masking and backing the m 
ed “se tig of the Charles Snel Josephine 
Broughton memorial collection of flow¢ er 
. Besides 


5 
lo” 


terials ae at the 
Mr. W. Dan Gaattiebaum has 


be | 
great assistance in aiding with the contr 


cation of noxious weeds 0 
Aveheenens grounds. 
Mr. and Mrs. Harry E. Bergstrom of Sa? 


bering have been working on the Arbor’ 
scrap-book of publicity and news’ — 


etum 
Paper clippings 
Mrs 


gs. 
Ruth F. Spalding analyzed and 
prepared a Compilation of Temperature 
dat : 


a 


AUTUMN 195-1 41 


Movie Studios: Fawcett, E. J. 
During the ie year the Arboretum F gee ae Dr., through Edwin 
grounds were used by five studios, _ Ande 
namely: Cohnnbie Lesser, Monogram, Fowler. “R. 
_ Nufeld, and Warner Brothers, for shoot- Gravel. Lawrence W. 
___ ing scenes to be used in six of their forth- Harris, O. D. 
] coming pictures. Hotes, Alfred C. 
S Radi “oe +s oward, James 
i adio & Television Publicity: mie, Rinest P., Drs Coste Hits 
' Dr. Russell J. Seibert, Director of the Kenne FE 
_ Arboretum, has been ee on two Lon R. 
radio programs and one television show, Lorenz, Elmer 
3 vada eeery sae one: concerning the ux G. P., Dr. 
| m. ] [eGah, Bad ie 
Talks: Macfarland, Mr. John C. 
: During the past year 28 talks were given lenninger, Mr. E. W. 
é y members of the Arboretum staff. Of Moore, Mr. & Mrs. Albert 
_ these talks Dr. Seibert gave 17; Mr. Spald- elson, Dewey E. 
__ ing 12; and Mr. Nelson 4. All of these ties Nolan, Mrs. Gladys 
_ Were given to groups who had expressed Donnell, J. M., Dr. 
. an interest in the Arboretum, and ex- Reidel, Peter 
* plained the ences. oe the Arboretum Reiter, Victor, Jr. 
as well as giving so of the historical tose, Mrs. Dan 
_ background and plats for the future. amms, Charles 
} she pemecter anvil a a CB. 
4 L AVES, a quarterly publication of eibert, Russell J.3bDr, 
rhs Pousdaten was started in October, hearer, Mrs. William D. 
imonson, L. N., 
: pcVews Letter—August 1950 and Decem- Spalding, George H. 
=! “i Turner, Mrs. Lee Wray 
; News Releases—Twelve from July 1, Turner, M 
fF 1950 6. June 30, 1951. Vosburg, John S 
_ Exchange Publications: Wamsley, Mr. 
: \ E D 
We have established <emange relations ue Frits,” 
with 59 institutions to date, 34 of whic Went, Frits, Dr 
are in the United sake end 25 in foreign Withrow, J. F 
countries _includin rabies 
Au Cuba f rong Nurser 
Argentina Feuador eetivan Plant t Life Society 
ps Bolivi Honduras B-Line Nursery 
Brazil aly Bodger Seeds, Ltd. 
Canada eps aes Bureau of Parks, Rochester, N. Y. 
Czechoslovakia Maxico Coolidge Rare Plant Gardens 
: Colombia ei Featann Descanso Distributors 
Costa Rica Puerto Rico rate 
Scotland Hagen’s Nurse 
Gif Hans Gubler, Satieerinnd 
ifts of Plants and Seeds Howard Johnson Nursery 
Received by the Arboretum: Los Angeles County Nursery 
Valuable contributions of seeds and Oakhurst Gardens 
ee ha mF ae received from the fol- Seer i ti ot ie 
in Nic i : 
stitut, 2 viduals, organizations and in 5 Scdoral Rapariient Stathn: 
Andee: Ed Mayaguez, P 
Arendsee, Mr D. G USDA A agg Introduction Station, 
Ayres, Samuel Jr., Dr Beltsville, Md. 
Bergstrom, Harry E. D A Rubber Station, 
Bernhardt, A. A., Dr. Turrialba, Cos 
ck, W. Quinn U SDA Soil Conservation Department 
Bywater, Mary E. Adelaide Botanic Gardens, Adelaide, 
Carpenter, Earl ustralia 
aes at, fd; De. Huntington Botanical Garden 
ietao he Lincoln, Dr. Melbourne Botanic Gardens, Australia 
ade in, Larry Missouri Botanic Gardens 
’ avis, Mrs. Mildred Morton Arboretum, Eiake. in. 


42 : EXSCA- LEAVES 


National iy acy Gardens, Kirstenbosch, 
Ss Afri 


New York Botanieel Garden 

Santa Ana Botanic Gardens 

Stribing Arboretum, Golden Gate 
Par. 


University of California at Berkeley 
University of orm ag at Los Angeles 


University of Wachington Arboretum 
Villa Taranto, Italy 
Library Gifts: 
Beadle, Dr. G. W. 
2 books, 123 eee 
Bomhard, Dr. Miriam L. 
1 book 


Brand, Donald 
iithér’s reprints 


4 author’s reprints 
Davis, Mrs. Mildred 

33 mise periodicals 
Delkin, A: C. 


i 
ae 2 South Afr pies periodicals 
Menthe sieht 
Faweett, Jack 
esert ear ” 1950 complete 
pone curr 
Fosberg, Dr. he 
1 pamphlets, author’s reprints. 
Paster Mulford B. 
1 boo 4 gach 
Giridlian, JM. 
t “Ferns: British and Exotic,” 
vols., and 2 books 
pais Miss Dorothy 
2 is “The Fuchsian” 
Haves “Will d 
69 periodicals, 54 plant catalogs 
rlott 


“The Grapevine” 


100 periodicals 
Hodge, W. H. 


Howgate, Jam 


National Hestara: “Contributions” 5 
Hutchison, Paul 
lb 


Kruckeberg, Arthur W. 
(Kruckeberg Press) 
books, 177 Danioniets 
—? orig hee 
§ D. A. Plant Intr 
Mathias, Dr. Mildred A a 
43 misc. publs., pamphlets 
Munz, Dr, Phili ‘k 
Union ae af Botanical Books and 
erlodicals in it raga 
McVaugh, ae Roger. California 
10 repri 


Quattlebaum, W. D 
1 set “Birds of Eclitornis. ” 2 books, 
1 pamphle 
Rancho Santa Ana Botanical Garden 
“El Aliso,” Vol. 2, No. 3 
Sauer, Dr. Jon atha 
Au ue thesis “The Grain 
nths” 


Seibert, Dr. Russell J. 
1 boo ‘Kk, 150 ise: aa & pamphlets 
Smithsonian Institutio 
Herba bse hie “Contributions” 
Spalding, Geor 
60 plus periodicals 


ub, H. P. 
13 reprints, pamphlets 
University of California 


oks, 271 Tegapijlets 
Walker, Wins w M. 


1 set “Science” and misc. journals 
Wright, ae: Janet 
Fu " se : ke Herb Grower Magazine” 
o dat 


Mésicace, Gifts Received by the 


rboretum During the Past Year 
(exclusive of money donations) : 
Automobile Club of Southern California 
0 maps for Pech wees 
Harry Sims Be 
Prontice. -piece wile of LASCA 
pay oo 


Mrs. Ros 
Collection ae 391. water color oy te 
gs 


ink dra y the 
late Charles Broughton; a self por 
trait of hie 


tion is designated as the Cha ‘ 
and Josephine on Memor! q 
Collecti saga : 
Henry ees 


— 

wn 

OQ 
2, 
ost 
is] 

fon) 

Sa ype eee een eae 


sti of paint and two brushes. 
d Daki 


Griswald & Winters Duplicating 
Equipmen 

500 lishoprints = the Master Plan 
Kruckeber, rg Pre 


1 zine cut, Callers Pepper Tree ice | 
Mr. Ellis Smith, County ae Ange?" 
Photographs of Arboret : 


42 PAS CAS LEAVES 


National ponpabgs Gardens, Kirstenbosch, 
outh Afri 
New York Bctioten! Garden 
Santa Ana Botanic Gardens 
gg Arboretum, Golden Gate 
ark 


Shea of California at Berkeley 
University of riot at Los Angeles 
otany Depa 
Univer aan y of Wassiicion Arboretum 
Villa Taranto, Italy 
Library Gifts: 
Beadle, Dr. G. W. 
2 Bonkas 123 pamphlets 
Bomhard, Dr. Miriam L. 
book 


1 
Brand, Donald D. 
4a uathor’ s reprints 


William M. 
6 books, 18 periodicals 
Cramer, Prof. P. J. S. 


33 misc periodicals 
he C. 


Delkin 
2 periodicals 
Evans g 


12 South African dan etein 
Evans & Reeves 
Monthly publ., “The Grapevine” 
Fawcett, Jac 
sn pe Magazine ” 1950 complete 
curr 
hit pe Dr. F. R. 
amphlets, author’s reprints 
cater Mulford B. 
1 book, 4 pamphlets 
Giridlian, Bea 
set ‘Ferns: poe: and Exotic,” 
ooks 


2 issues “The Fuchsian” 
aces. Wi llar 
69 cans 54 plant catalogs 
Hoak, Char 
100 pe ain thet 
Haden. 4 W. H. 
1 book 
Howgate, Jam 


National Herbatiun “Contributions” 5 
Hutchison, Paul 
book 


1 boo 
Kruckeberg, Arthur W. 
(Kruckeberg Press) 

82 books, 177 baiipiiits 
Lux, Dr. r. G. 
5 books, U. < D. A. Plant Introd. file 
Mathias, Dr. Mildred 
43 misc. publs., pamphlets 
Munz, Dr. Philip A. 

Union List of Botanical Books and 

Periodicals in Southern California 

McVaugh, Dr. Rogers 

0 reprints 


set “Birds of Calternia. ” 2 books, 


Quattlebaum, W. Dan a 
1 
Sauer, Dr, ee ! 
Author’s thesis “The Grain 
maranths” | 
serge Dr. Russell J. 
1 book, 150 misc. papers & pamphlets 
Smithsonian Institution 
National Herbarium “Contributions” 
14 


Spalding, Geor ; 
60 plus neriadiogly 
(Oa si 


Thorpe, 
12 books 
‘Lrawb, H. P. 
1 rints, pamphlets 


University of California 
34 papers, pamphlets 
or 


Walker, Wins 


tt. 

set “Science” and misc. journals | 

Wright, Mrs. Janet 
Full set “The Herb Grower Magazine” 

to date 


poe Gifts Received by the 


m During the Past Year 


legiiaiive: of money donatio 


ns): 
Pee as Club of sihadrrae California 
s for garden 
Harry Sie ent 
Frontice-piece drawing of LASCA 
ne r Plan 
Mrs. 


eK. Boo 
Collection of 391 water wea sketches 
el Bee. . 


and J mephine Broughton Memoria 
ollection. 
Henry Dakin and Bob Fon r 
Donated time painting ress. also two © 
cans of paint and two brushes. 
i kin 


Picture frame. 
oo. & oe Duplicating 
Equipm 

500 lithoprints = the Master Plan 
Kruckeberg Pre 

6000 tickets for Garden Tour 
Red Star Fertilizer Company 

25 sacks of fertilizer 

rs. Mira Saunders 

Phbieente of papaya trees 
Dr. Russell J. Seibert E 

1 zine cut, California Pepper Tree 4 
Mr. Ellis Smith, County * pen Angeles | 

Photographs of Arbore . 


ae H 
ea SHIP OF CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, Inc. 
oe Cl 
pth fe Gibbs Holloway! i & Mrs. Homer T. 
: Fyre overs - H. F. Hollywood Garden Club 
| sie and i oes hae a i oe Society 
en Clu ou 
a phate big Soe poe ty ore Seger Dae pte 
son, Mrs. Willard C 
eee Bes Society— ee ae Thomas 
<ee, Mrs. Rose W. 
A ptr (cys se pet nae — P. 
<irkley, Mrs. R. W. 
American Begonia Society— <ohl, Matha, M.D. 
. Pees Soi Marae i Landscaping Society of Southern Calif. 
: » Arcadia Leona Club “i “ eaniiie C Garden Club 
Arcadia Woman’s Club—Garden Dept. Leonard, Robert Z. 
| Audubon Society, Los Angeles Lindroth, Eric, MD. 
mee , Mrs. Frank B. Littlefield, J. 
; secet = a es ae Garden Club of Pasadena, The 
Loel, Wa 
| Barker, Mr. bs so ounce Lorenz, Elmer 
e, ‘ Los Angeles ounty Medical Garden Cl 
a roa ier Henry Los Angeles Flora Study Clu oe 
LS ae Sed ley ne ee Feliz Woman’s Club—Garden Section 
2 Z Tr > . 
Beverly Hills Gand “Club x Macfarland, John 
' Bixby, Florence G. oe Fred H.) MacMillan, te las A. 
4 Boller, Mrs. Ardene D Mage, Mrs. 
riggs, Mrs. Sidney Michillinda Carmi Ww : 
a8 Society, The iller, Hyman, M.D. cok a eee 
, pace nder, Mr. and Mrs. Douglas N. Miller, James Stewart 
; Cane a ag Lou Hest ae age roe: i 
oeller, Mr. 
) Gis “his: ames N Club bused alee ge mag Gurdon Club 
, 00 
a Lucy Mas Modse einai oat < 
Colby’ a = Mies Hinges Ww. tn ee Ad ne Evan 
Bat 3 othershead, Mrs. M. W. 
eee Women’s Club of Pasadena— Mudd, Mrs. Seeley G. 
arden Section Munro, Mrs. William B 
| Collier, Fra McCoy, Mrs. Lest 
4 oie ¥. McGah, r. and Mrs. 
Cone tie ee yore a oe Society of America, Inc. 
re ’ ‘ ollywoo ran 
f u . . 
Mthe ee oe McL. National ig one ak aed of America, Inc. 
i 
ey Seta 
ulin, WV cae 
Fichelberger, Mrs. Ht ML, Jr Owsley, ReWe MB 
ce — ne acific Camellia Societ 
feininy Stats ee Riis: " >asadena Audubon Gonety 
leming, Mr. Louis B raatil eng 
fersing’ Bie pete ( peti ee W. Dan 
leming, Miss Mary Lee se ie age 
orty Planners hodes, Mrs. Jose ph F. 
alan, “Alber: hodes, Mr. and pa Kenneth 
arden Planners sisall ates: Deroth 
ard sell, Mrs. Dorothy 
apiond ti ee ot ros Auaeles ussell, Roderic H. 
iridlian J. N : : an Pedro Garden Club 
raha. At “vn anta Ana Garden cape Club 
shen . a a iui Schuchardt, William 
riffeth, Mrs. Claude M chwarz, Marquard 
ustlin, Clarence : cofield, Mr. & Mrs. George N. 
agen, Willard cott, Pa 
Ng. ead Ce eeders & Weeders alta Club 
ays, ‘Williae Cats eibert, Mr. & Mrs n W. 
ertri ch, W. ag eibert, Dr. & Mrs. ‘Gruen Be 


Snider, Mr. & Mrs 


« FM, 
South Pasadena, The Garden Club of 


Southern California Camellia 


Southern een Ta Hctinuteosct Institute 


Stingle, Geo 
Stoody, a 


ANNUAL Jonge 
Bauersfeld, ms Fred S. 
Bent, Ave 


O A. 
Crawford, Mrs. Clarence H. 
De Ridder, Wm. A 

D 


Gubler N ursery, Switzerland 
Hotchkis, P 


uhren, Gustof 
Kaufman, Edward 
Cu: 


Menai Hildegarde Sonim 
Mc Dowell, Florence 
Nattzger. Mrs sag ae 


olan, John F 
Owens, Elta C 
Peer, Mr alph 
Pinkh Mrs. Roy J 


m, 
Reed, Joseph 
Reisenauer, Hazel M. 
wes oO, 
Roewekamp, Fred W. 
Sakai, Miss Ros 


Spear, Mrs. W. H., Sr. 
Sullivan, Margaret 


Sulzer, Allen B. 


. John 
Van SARE pen, he ck; 
Ver Harry 
Von ackieaett Abigail 
Wat atson, Mrs. Leigh F. 


C. 

White, Mrs. ne ah Cossitt 
Wi Aries , Mrs. Hen 
Wolfskill, John C. 
ANNUAL CONTRIBUTING 
Bailey, Wilbur, M.D. 

auer, Mrs. Harry J. 
Booth, Mrs. Franklin 
Bouton, Mrs. Shecerst Hoyt 
Brehm, Mrs. J. R. 
Campbell, Mrs. i W. 
Casamajor, Mr. Rober 
Chandler, Norman 


Miller, Morris B. 

Millikin, Prof. Clark B. 
McC ib, Mr. & Mrs. Guy R. 
Nickerson, S. B. 

so Valley Garden Clu 


Stanton, Mrs. Forrest Q. 
Wilshire Garden Club 


Menninger, eg ee ae E. W. 
Verdoorn, Dr. 


LIFE 


White, Dohaia M. 


Zinn . Mr. & Mrs. C. J. 
44 


MEMBERSHIP 


Keda Associate Chee ini a et $ 5.00 
Annual Membershif 10.00 
Annual Contributing Membership................---........ 25.00 
Annual Sustaining Membership.............-...--2---.-20-+- 100.00 
Annual Sponsor Membership.............-..22--0-------------+ 250.00 
Life Membership 500.00 
Founders 1000.00 or more 
Benefactors 5000.00 or more 


CLUB MEMBERSHIPS are available, at any amount, 
from $10 a year or more. 


ALL CONTRIBUTIONS DEDUCTIBLE UNDER 
FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAW: 


Checks should be made payable to the California Arboretum 
Foundation, Inc., and sent to our headquarters at 291 North 
Old Ranch Road, Arcadia, Calif. Phone DOuglas 7-3444. 
Donations for Historical Restorations should be made pay- 
able to California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., Historical 
Fund, 


The Los Angeles State and County Arboretum is 
operated by California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., a . 
non-profit corporation. The Foundation is developing and 
managing the Arboretum under an agreement with the 
Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. Title to the 
120 acres of property is in the State of California, which 
has leased it to Los Angeles County for fifty years. 

Construction operations are actively commenced by the 
County of Los Angeles in accordance with the master 
plan of the Foundation. Because of safety hazards the 
Arboretum is closed to the public during construction. 


Operatep By 
CaLiFORNIA ARBORETUM FounnaTion: Inc. 


WINTER 1952 


dactylifera L. 


Phoenix 


VINYOUITVD - TYNUNOL ATUALUVNO -~ viavouv 


on Me. 
TAT ON TPT OUNT ON CONE 7 nl TNO Pr rr NATIT Lo 
E : ’ ; r ff ™& re 


BOARD OF ‘TRUSTEES - 


"CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC. 


Dr. F. W. WENT President 


Dr. SAMUEL AYRES, JR ......Vice-President 


Howarp A. MILLER ! Treasurer 


Manchester Boddy Mrs. Thomas Fleming 

Robert Casamajor William Hertrich 

Ralph D. Cornell * John C. Macfarland 

Mrs. Richard Y. Dakin Samuel B. Mosher 

J. F. Douglas Mrs. William D. Shearer 
John Anson Ford, Ex-Officio 


HONORARY TRUSTEES 
Mrs. J. E. Harton 
Charles S. Jones 
Fred W. Roewekamp 
Roy F. Wilcox 
(Founded Through the Efforts of the 
aeuent California Horticultural Institute) 


LOS ANGELES STATE and ARBORETUM 


STAFF 


: Dr. R. J SEIBERT e oe as ...Director 
_ GeorcE H. SPALDING 


c Paonias Meh bres Recorder 

Davy B Nino ee naaion 
. THELMA G. BLANCH i : Secretary 
: -Janer Wricnr Darcie Oe ee oe 


“ed ray ¢ Part ime) - a 


A Bits a SS, San a 


. attracted much 


Several palms gr 


a i! u 
Perlod 1865- 


him the development of the 


LASCA LEAVES 


Quarterly Journal of the 


LOS ANGELES 


STATE and 
COUNTY 


ARBORETUM 


A CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC. PUBLICATION 


R. J. SEmBERT, Editor 


VOL. II 


JANUARY, 1952 


No. 1 


DATE PALMS IN CALIFORNIA 


Roy W. NIXoN 
U. S. Department of Agriculture, Indio, California 


The first date palms, Phoenix nme Si 
L., in California were grown fro eeds 
planted by the founders of the see mis- 
sions. One of these near the site of the first 


mission established in California, at San 


Diego in 1769, still survives in 1951, thanks 
to the protective care that has been given 
it. This is believed to be the oldest date 
Palm in California, if not in the entire 
United States. Date seeds were also plant- 
ed at other missions along the coast; and 


_ the palms grown from them, their number 


gradually diminishing through the years, 

have been rather striking landmarks dur- 

ing past decades, but their fruit has never 

attention because in the 

onl es ac climate it does not reach 
ity. 


~matu 


In the period following the gold rush a 
W date seeds were anted here and 
there in e Aebaig: minha valleys ase in 
ing of occ nal palms sug- 
gested noasifiliiies for form ‘oularas in these 
districts. One ae hang first demonstrations 
of fein production from such 

; in the foothills west 
of Davis, in the Sacramento Valley, where 
own from seed planted by 
ton Mibed ps in 1857 were bearing edible 

in 1 


Willi lam ice who owned the pro 
Side that is now the site o 
e 


72, was a 
Bigo takit and had been associated with 


Ee 
Oo 


t 
, that William Nah shear 


which add a tropical atmosphere to some _ 
of the plantings on the grounds of the — 


arboretum. The old date palm which leans 


over the water at the edge of the lake © ; 


near the Reid adobe appears vaguely as a 
young palm in a photo taken in the 1880's 
and it was 


favorable growing condi 


shading, and neglect ee retarded the Py 


growth of these date pa 


grafted. The only way of propagating va- — 
rieties is by means of offshoots, or suckers, 


to 
T. Swingle, this was 


the neglect of property own 
In 1890 the U.S. pu ree of Agricul- 


ture arranged through correspondence for — 


at 
° 
ie) 
N 
° 
S 
'U 


Indio, and to F. A. Kimball at National 


= 


-_ 


i ae 


2 LASCA 


‘ ‘ 


DEAV ES 


City. Two known specimens of this impor- 
tation survive in California, both in Coa- 
chella Valley. All the palms in the 1890 
importation, however, proved to be seed- 
lings or inferior varieties. None of the best 
varieties from the Old World were ob- 
tained until 1900 when W. T. Swingle, of 
the U. S. Department of Agriculture, made 
an importation of offshoots of Deglet Noor 
and a few other varieties from Algeria. 
During the next few years other plant ex- 
plorers of the U. S. Department of Agricul- 


fiver Valley of Arizona, but a few speci- 


established in Coachella Valley at Mecca 
in 1904 and at Indio in 1907 
Meanwhile a few pioneers in the Coach- 


variety, which he planted near Mecca, 
Calif., in October 1903. During the next 
two decades Johnson and others made sev- 
eral large commercial importations of off- 
shoots from Algeria, Egypt, and _ Iraq. 

Gradually a new industry developed. In 
1950 there were 5, 114 acres of dates in 


Coachella Valley, there are about 80% of 
all the date palms and 90% of the total 
_ date production in the United States. 

In the United States the Salton Basin 


aig climate where temperatures below 

° F. are not of frequent occurrence, and 
os covers not only the low interior val- 
- leys of California but most of the southern 
parts of the state except the higher moun- 


tainous districts. There are some seedling 
date palms scattered throughout most of 
this area. Even the earliest of the com- 
mercial imported varieties are seldom like- 
ly to mature fruit on the Pacific slope, but 
in some of the foothill districts like San 
Bernardino, Riverside, and El Cajon occa- 
sional extra early seedling date palms 
ripen fruit during seasons hotter and drier 
than usual. These dates are usually inferior 
o the best of the commercial varieties, 
but the fruit is nearly always much rel- 
ished by the owners and it affords wel- 
come variety in home gardens. 


co 


The date palm as an ornamental has 
been neglected in southern California. In 
background clumps or as occasional speci- 
mens strategically located, date palms give 
a distinct exotic 


best way of obtaining plant material. 
Few people are aware of the great range 
of variation in the characters of both fruit 


throughout the world. In spite of the vari- 
ation found among seedling dates, it 1s 
still true that they are more likely to re- 
semble the parent variety than some other 
totally different variety. This suggests the 
possibility and the desirability of obtain- 


Date Garden at Indio, Calif., is interested 
in such a program for the purpose of de- 
veloping improved varieties for fruit pro 
duction. Through the cooperation of the — 
Los Angeles State and County Arboretum 
and its members interested in testing out 
new plant material, this program can 
extended to include plant characters of 
ornamental value. Any new type of aa 
palm which may be originated can, 
course, be propagated as a variety by 
means of its offshoots, or through its 
the desired characters may be reproducet ; 
in varying degrees and combinations. The 
possibilities are well worth exploring. . 


Ate 


- 


Shall be k 
Annex 


WINTER 1952 


LUX ARBORETUM ANNEX 


R. J. SEIBERT 


November 30th of this year, California 
Arboretum Foundation, Inc., received an 
outstanding gift of 154 acres of land from 
Dr. George P. Lux of Clover-Crest, Mon- 
rovia. The land, located in the City of 
Monrovia, is situated in Clamshell Canyon, 
Clover Crest and Cloverleaf Canyon. The 
property is accessible from the U.S. Forest 
Service Clamshell road, and adjoins the 
Angeles National Forest. Along with the 
deed to the property, the Foundation has 
received ee water rights of Dr. Lux. Water 
or the erty comes from a rah) a 
: seampee Parad which, even during t 
mer, have continued oer rigethe 
ne yield of cold, clear, pure 
Under the agreement be vicnni Dr: 
Geo Lux and California Arboretum 
Foundation, Inks the main parts will be of 
inter 
Lux will be ohn to continue 
his ‘yestienee on the prope 
2. The Foundation has os to pay Dr. 
Lux the sum of $160.00 per month for life. 
3. Dr. Lux shall sae the right to con- 
Pee hy growing res ring for such plants 
as he may desir 
. The Foundation has the right to ma 
tal n and manage the property and has all 
rights to the plant materials. growing 
ereo 


The property shall be devoted to the 
ene of Horticultural Science, and 
nown as the Lux Arboretum 


roups interested in the culti- 


vation of alent wai pad privilege of visit- 


to tim can for the 


a 


Clo fh 
native Oak, Maple, hiniaeet and Laurel, 


ing the Lux Arboretum Annex from time 
pit oe of Wipecting and 
theneene the plant and bird life growing 


The Lux Arboretum Annex is in 
frost- free foothill zone of the San Gabriel 


canyons 
Sit County left eet: by 
hed in a luxuriant wth of 


it has been untouched by man or fire for 
65 years and so it should remain for the 
present and future generatio 
Approximately 10 acres hae been ter- 
raced and irrigated. This portion having 
been devoted to Dr. Lux’s hobby of 35 


years standing during which time he has ~ 


cultivated his horticultural and botanical 
collections, derived from many parts of 
the world. As a cooperative experimenter 
of the U. Department of Agriculture, 
Division of Plant Exploration and Intro- 
duction, x has been the recipient of 
well over 1100 foreign plant introductions, — 
sent him by the government for trial in | 
the Los Angeles are 


In addition to his valuable co of 


as fruit trees, Am is, Cacti, Iris, Le 
anders, Bamboos, Epiphyllum, Pyracantha, — 
et any types of naturally drought re- © 
ser plants e demonst ated ie 


® 
G 


Ghanrva tine: 


State and County Arboretum in Arcadia: 


f 


nS 


1. The two properties are located only 
5 miles from each other, making both | 
places easily accessible to the Arbore- _ 
tum staff. 6 
2. The plantings of rare e plants ge the 
3. The Lux property presents soil types 4 
differing from the Valley soils in 
Arcadia. 
4. A frost-free area greatly widens the 


4 LASCA LEAVES » 
uch plants as are adaptable to other _Until the Arboretum Foundation has ful- 
Pest free foothill areas of Los An- filled its obligations of developing the Los 
geles County. ngeles State and County Arboretum in 
readia, and until such time as Phe apse 
5. The presence of relatively smog-free funds, and endowments are raised to se- 
pockets n the Lux Arboretum An- cure the future of the Arboretum, it will 
nex will widen the amount of kn not be possible to more than bas cally 
edge through experimentation con- mainte the grounds side Papeete 7 _ 
. i leran f plants. ux Arboretum Annex is hoped, ho 
oe oe ever, that with this wonderful donation of 
6. The Annex presents to the Arbore- land and plants that other far-s 


tum a representative area, both hill 


? 


s covered with 


made changes 


TO THESE WE 
HuGH 
It is to relatively few people that Cali- 


fornia is indebted for the 
exotic material we hav 


am 
San Francisco. Mr. A was a native 
of Alsatia, coming to t ma 
years ago. He introduced to the state a 


é eley, has i n On the sub- 
ject of plant introductions extending back 
- I think to the 1850's. 


; 893 Dr. Francesco Franceschi ar- 
rived in Los Angeles from . Italy. Dr. 
Franceschi was a member 


frica, ertake s r operation. 
_ Among hundreds of his introductions, here 
are a few of the best: 


ee ~~ ° . 
ngeles County and Southern California. 


ARE INDEBTED 


EVANS 


Acacia obliqua 
Acacia podalyraefolia 
Bauhinia grandiflora 
Bauhinia tomentosa 
Bocconia frutescens 
Cissus capensis 
Dombeya natalensis 
Feijoa sollowiana 
Genista monosperma 
Harpephyllum caffrum 
Lippia repens 


tifoha 
stigmaphyllon littorale 
Taxcdium mucronatum 
Tipuana tipu 


the park 
ucti 


oday. ong : 
‘ions, most of them according 
Mr. Walther before 1925, are the following* 


Bice 


four 
: inches 
a. variety of auger sizes is available for 


WINTER 1952 5 


Abelia floribunda 
Buddleja salvifolia 


fe she retic ee 
Ss purpur 
Clethra ah Ona ig 


2 aeipaich pe abet hig (Syn. v: Pia cae. 

Hoheria populnea var. Osbor 

Lagtecpertatn scoparium ag ie 
Be ra 


Leptospermum scoparium var. Keatleyi 
Magnolia Campbellii 

Nothop 

Pencdneees a Lesson 

Ehododendron “Betty ee: 
Rhododendron Fos 

Rhadtdesidron “Oils. Tr jumephe? 
Rhododendron Nuttallii 


Tristania laurina 
Ass (Hebe) “Autumn Glory” 
: ther has charge of the botanical 
garden (Steybin ng Arboretum) in Golden 
Gate Park and 


ducing ale plants met 
with no let-up or hindrance 

n another ee unless ite readers are 
ie ect, as they eho not 
be, I hope to ntion a few ore i- 
who ae entitled to ae and 
recognition for their labors. 


THE HOLE PROBLEM 


R. J. SEIBERT 


Any lover of trees, sooner or later, be- 


onal tree i 
the actual mechanics of planting to be fun, 
relaxation and good clean exercise. To the 
large scale planter, be obbyist, or- 
chardist, 


expensive item 
ast re after transplanting 
a 


. Such 


in 

_ Mecha mae hole diggers were investi- 
gated, of which a variety is available for 
a variety of uses conditions. The ty 
chosen i 


Y One man, and digging a hole twenty- 
Saya in diameter up to thirty-six 
h. 


this attachment, should the need arise. A 


sma 


_ A brief study of the economics involved | 


dug per 
hour with our hole digging attachment. 


i 


| 


possible when the planting hole is too 4 
1. 


average a 


\ plants | as a e 
_ plants in the family Proteaceae require ex- 


6 LASCA 


Be a 
To Wee 
: | 


LEAVES 


Under the same heavy soil conditions one 
man did well to average six holes of ample 
size for five gallon plants per hour of 
sustained digging. 


The operating cost of a tractor with its 
attachment including: cost perator, 
epreciation, insurance, etc., is abou 


least twenty-five cents per 


ole. 
We consider a minimum saving of fif- 


We shall be digging some twelve thou- 
sand holes a m in the next 


the tractor available for discing, mowing 
and the many other uses to which it is 
put at the Arboretum. 


GROWING NOTES 
SOUTH AFRICAN PLANTS 


GEORGE H. 


South Africa and Australia are two of 


iT 
~ 
=] 

4) 


ita ern, Cali- 
fornia than those from the summer rainfall 
area. 


For example, most 


ent drainage, and soil which is on the 


SPALDING 


eems logical that many South 
plants would grow well under the same_ 
conditions required b of our Cali- 


lar conditions of a definite wet and dr 
season The above indicates how 
much we have to learn about the cultiva 


uced for our use and enjoyment. 


Honors for the most spectacular 
of flowering plants in South Africa 


probably have be ided among t 
roteas, Aloes, and that group of sever 
genera known the Mesem: 


bryanthemums. Con 


part. Information concerning the c 
tion of this group of plants is quite sketchy 
; is available is widely sca ter 


= 
sot 
oo 


tells of the attempts which have _ 
made to grow this plant group in GT 


group 
would 


| 


- soil whic 


Britain. Unfortunately, most of this 
plica 


WINTER 1952 i 


in- 


teaceous plants need a coarse, well- drained 
is on the aci nde. Tt is probably 


- questionable whether commercial fertiliz- 


ers or fresh manures should be used. In 
their native habitat many grow in what 
oor, rocky "salt. In the past 
had led growers to believe that poo 
soil was essential. It is this writer’s eat ap 
that at least some o e species will do 
well ‘with plenty of humus provided the 
location is well drained and the texture 
soil is coarse and open. At e 

Arboretum we are Beg to if » ihe as 
many species of this group a ssible, 
and we will be continually a eating 
with soil mixtures, and expan: ny con 
crete results will be reported in Lasca 
Leaves vee: ipo have been thoroughly 
substanti 

In wae country we grow several Aus- 
s of the 


e degrees at LaCanada the win 
sal of 1949. This tree is often short lived 
and we are informe d that this is also 


{ ‘eee iA South Africa 


enera Protea and Leucospermum 


, oan F isco, none 
the many species in these two genera is 
ntry. It is to be hope 
that the difficulties faced in growing this 
8roup ca e overcome tha r gar 
dens and par y be enriched by them 
= are beautiful on two counts, 


rees 

tee 48 Fohid feet). All hav 
lies striped or miottin’ 
various abies of edie white, or red- 


dish purple. Members of the lily family, 
they carry their flowers in spikes of bell- 
shaped 


an interestin 
tion Bere ntly. 
dam 


water during the summer is most ideal. 
Mesembryanthemum was once a genus of 
about a thousand species. In recent years, 

botanists have re-defined this large group 

and broken it ‘oe into quite a large num- 


orange, yellow, pin 


ornia. ecently re- 
ceived seed of some of the shrubby types 
which our source r ake very strik- 


opes that t will prove themselves 
ere because they would be an outstanding 
addition to ou n hat ore 


too fussy as to soil, needs little water, and 
asks only for sunny situation in 
which to live? 

ther cit of plants which is well — 
represented is e species of Erica 
found in South Aiiee range from herbs to 
smal en: but the m 


recently published ‘Flor 
Peninsula” by on and Salter. This 
book is highly recommended to anyo ae. 


minute protuberance, we begin = 
what a vast area South Africa really is. 


as) EASC A 


LEAVES 


and the most probable reason for their not 
being more generally grown here is that 
they are considered difficult subjects to 
w, plus the very important factor of gd 

t 


ini f soi : 
rboretum, intend to grow as large a col 
lection of South African Hea as po 
sible; they will be grown under carefully 


_ hybridization aimed at developing a hardy 
oriferous strain well adapted to condi- 
tions in Southern California. 


Daisy), Dimorphotheca, Helichrysum (Ever- 
_ lastings), Senecio and Cineraria, to men- 
_ tion but a few. The members of this large 
_ family are valuable for many garden uses 
and not a few are valuable florists’ items 


to report that several of them are growing 

well. We should be able to report on them 

_ within the next year 

The Leguminosae, or pea family, is rep- 
repented by some very beautiful shrubs 


little over a year old, from seed. Several 
species of Virgilia are also being grown 
although,none has bloomed to date. 


_ flowers in blue, lavender, white, and yel- 
_low. Some of them are attractively marked 


at the base of the petals. Also in this group 
is Gladiolus, too we nown to need fur- — 
ther mention; Ixias and Sparazxis in bril- — 


Freesia in all colors of the rainbow an 
very fragrant; and Watsonia in shades of © 
: : ) 


m 
family which are too little known in our 
gardens. Quite a few are available at 
nurseries or from. specialists. Most of them — 

e showy and worthwhile. 

The fore-going remarks show that the 
South African flora can contribute many — 
plants of value to the Southern California — 
landscape. Trees for highway, park, and 
street planting, and most of them small | 
enough to be very satisfactory in the small 
garden. Ground covers and soil binders 
which will give bright color in season and 
remain green the balance of the yeal. — 


is 4 
issue, I should like to leave a thought with © 
Many writers seem to strive diligently © 


tle known plants. This does not mean We— 
should try to grow plants which obviously ’ 


— 


sincere belief that if more peop ew 
follow this line of thought, the variety ; 
interest in Southern California gard 
would be tremendously increased. 


 Apaval ‘ok ies Rincon t 


kK | SSN 


~ Annual M i 10.00 
Annual Contributing Scab onkin Pie Naacl cant iar ues 25.00 
Annual Sustaining MIGIMIDETSR Yio sae ad 100.00 
Annual Sponsor PCOIORSDS nk ence 250.00 
Life Membership 500.00 


1000.00 or more 


Founders 


Benefactors 


5000.00 or more 
CLUB MEMBERSHIPS are available, at any amount, 


from $10 a year or more. 


ALL CONTRIBUTIONS DEDUCTIBLE UNDER 
FEDERAL INCOME TAX Law: 


Checks should be made payable to the California Arboretum 
Foundation, Inc., and sent to our headquarters at 291 North 
Old Ranch Road, Arcadia, Calif. Phone DOuglas 7-3444. 
Donations for Historical Restorations should be made pay- 
able to California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., Historical 
Fund 


The Los Angeles State and County Arboretum is 


operated by California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., a 
non-profit corporation. The Foundation is developing and 


managing the Arboretum under an agreement with the 


Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. Title to the 


120 acres of property is in the State of California, which -~ 


has leased it to Los Angeles County for fifty years. 
Construction operations are actively commenced by the 
County of Los Angeles in accordance with the master 
plan of the Foundation. Because of safety hazards the 
_ Arboretum is closed to the public during construction. 
Interested clubs may arrange for group conducted tours 
_ of the senna Kee hip sit the Arboretum Office, DOuglas 
%. 


; Overateno By 
CatiFrornia ARBORETUM FounpatTion, Inc. 


Lasca 
Leave 


4 Plants Suitable 


CALIFORNIA 


for 
Parking Lot Plantings | 


in 


QUARTERLY JOURNAL 


Los Angeles 


LOS ANGELES ‘count ARBORETUM 


ARCADIA 


BOARD OF TRUSTEES 


CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC. 


President 


Dr. F, W. WENT. 
Dr. SAMUEL AYRES, jr 


Vice-President 


Howarp A, MILLER 


Treasurer 


Mrs. Lawrence Barker 


Mrs. Harry J. Bauer 
Manchester Boddy 
Robert Casamajor 
Ralph D. Cornell 


Mrs. Richard Y. Dakin 


J. F. Douglas 

Mrs. Thomas Fleming 
William Hertrich 

John C. Macfarland 
Samuel B. Mosher 

Mrs. William D. Shearer 


John Anson Ford, Ex-Officio 


HONORARY TRUSTEES 
Mrs. J. E. Harton 
Charles S. Jones 
Fred W. Roewekamp 
Roy F. Wilcox 
(Founded Through the Efforts of the 
Southern California Horticultural Institute) 


LOS ANGELES STATE«¢ ARBORETUM 


Dr. R. J. SEIBERT 


GEORGE H. SPALDING 


Louis B. MARTIN 


Research Assistant 


W. QuINN Buck 


J. THomas McGan 


Pro pagator 
s @ 


Plant Recorder 


Dewey E, NELson 


Custodian 


THELMA G. BLANCH 


JANET WRIGHT 


LY ecretary 


__.... Research 
and Library (Part time) 


MEMBERSHIP 


Annual Associate Membershir $ 5.00 
Annual Membershit 10.00 
Annual Contributing Membership..........................- 25.00 
Annual Sustaining Membership................20-.0.-..----. 100.00 
Annual Sponsor Membershif 250.00 
Life Membership 500.00 
Founders 1000.00 or more 
Benefactors 5000.00 or more 


CLUB MEMBERSHIPS are available, at any amount, 
from $10 a year or more. 


ALL CONTRIBUTIONS DEDUCTIBLE UNDER 
FEDERAL INCOME Tax Law: 


Checks should be made payable to the California Arboretum 
Foundation, Inc., and sent to our headquarters at 291 North 
Old Ranch Road, Arcadia, Calif. Phone DOuglas 7-3444. 
Donations for Historical Restorations should be made pay- 
able to California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., Historical 
Fund. : 


The Los Angeles State and County Arboretum is 
operated by California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., a_ 
non-profit corporation. The Foundation is developing and 
managing the Arboretum under an agreement with the 
Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. Title to the 
120 acres of property is in the State of California, which 
has leased it to Los Angeles County for fifty years. 

Construction operations are actively commenced by the 
County of Los Angeles in accordance with the master 


pLANT 
ITAB 
Pp 
ELES C 
iIViC C 
ENTER 
AREA 


RETU M 
PUBL M FOUN 
. ICAT DATI 
oy ION ON, IN LANT 
, Laitor 
N 
ae 3 Ter | 
: kes _ SPEC! No. 2 33 | GROWTH HAB 
Cc. sn vd | I | 
tAc ia bailey: = = 3 Baa » § | Se FOLIAGE 
ei Pekin gigas es 3° |g ee | z A 
“Acacia pr veacolia —|_—_ sara _ banee EE eke 5 S | FLOWER eH 
Ainet nan P cia acanpenele Sap Gege | o | R WE | 4 
caci tha earl a + im = 2s bi > oe 1S Y | sy R | i ¢) UO fe) wl a i i 
a sali Acaci ) oe: by peek ie IME tfaedi 
tA align cia Tx pons Sese SEEs 3 ORS 4G Oo og mos Pe | 
De eects Frosty Wattl xx x ——— mei tals | nowrH BF! © <n Bb PL 
tAcokanter ae = x | —— Rae fe S52 BS os go | | cs a | ped 
cokanth Ta spectabi : | Golden w eS 7 -— enero Fa Q Oo Fy a 23 3 “ > wo Me Q| = i (MIN A : 
aa ey ‘Hairy reath Wattle He a X srgempniar nae Ba ga ge uae g | | WIDTH) | STAFF O 
Aila m arbo _ | wi Wattle x | ad SAGES as » 28 5 g | | PLAN | F LO PRE 
peeitoes ait rou |Winter-sweet ad oan “ Has SSn86 a sapElse ee eg B | | «ae aaa | S ANGELE PARED By 
ing oe pashan’ a = x | x Ix saa A gee | ied mn 4 2 EE 2 - E ; f 3 E “oe | | NCE S STATE 
— s (Hybri _Aeoni = | > ae Xx x x te RESSEES a Bi i me E AND 
Calli illea “S of Heave ! Baer T amt a es BE gis 8 § BN +e . | Phili wledgme ARBO 
S B xX x iis = ~~ il 
tem an Di ush n ; — Ein 5 2 (NM © & ¢ 4 ip E nit RE 
Cc on Die y Arc x i x 1 Ein o Zi tO i . Ch o the TU 
ercis sili lanceo go Red” Des totis Xx | x x x x el. <3 mae im sO gue a ee be 3 | Mi andler followin iM 
"Che siliqu latus ert B . | ix iX a | i | X X | "eee | A + & Lv et mG x % i i ildr d 
amae astrum Bo aileya } x x X bad | x ’ x / yen" ot 1 % Sf + ’ _ in iO | e Davi § collab 
Chrysa hops: humnfl & spp Cc a | x * | ie 3 x Eee eee | rae “4 — ke : =P an 6 oe - D orators: 
iis santhe ili : | Cri | | | [x ».4 | i See . Mi : 
'Cist ithemum imson Bot : | X = x x See 3 xX aa F S| r. Mildred 
tc crispus maximum Judas Tre tlebrush x X | x x < x x x x. x rae tex. | | x pated Donald P Peggy Mathias 
et et * e | 4 } | | | | H | ; a = se | . . 
— aay Marconi” a | : » eee | x x Xx |x x Xx ts xs x XX ae = — | ie i Woolley Sullivan 
Cras ue nema rigs Daisy | ix a x x | = x x ea * | ag = x | x : | x | Florife  Sdaleonia VA 
‘Cups ule aig oe R | xX x X x be | x Ee ? = : b 4 XX x X X | Gray oe a NER UE : 
. a anacardioi iolet Tru ocerOe x x | x | = x x x x ‘ x Fra iage, yello ee 
uw dio Cc m xX f X| : oy 4 x X gran w f 
pressus ides rassul petvin a x Xx bi xX x xX t lower B 
Dodonea arizonica Silve a ¢ en eS 3 Ee fe x X x x X ef x | xX | Showy, yell s "Bale, ads ‘REMARKS 
3 viscosa sii ; Crassula x x | X x. x X x ' XXX x <b ma ae x x Showy, lar a fragrant f | ws early bl pruning, ial nt S_ : ie si 
: Ari — | ES b= | eos x x XXX x | = Weepin ge, yellow f intl | One of Fite von ant of poo: ee 
rizona C x X | ieee: | xx x x x = XX B g shrub lowers An st of all r conditi mmc 
Gi ypre x | | x x < x x rons | An exe neaet a 
ur sh : i | | ekg X| Ze, oli er 
= whe Hon | Hee XX Be x x x XxX < = aoa Evergreen £ iage “Seems t g bloomer 
ilver ush x eS | x | bx x Xx x xX xX ent oliage o withs 
berry x 4 | x x xX xX x X X Colorf , green foli | Flower tand oth 
Organ Escall x 7 | x 4 xx Xi ex x x aes x oe St aacdpod icon veliaw t | Powe ameihe tri i eck ches 
Guadalu onia x x x X Ix x x xix x xi x x xX - iant ay iowees 1 Ve rh feamrant, # iP ped’ Be eee 
Ri pe Palm x x | x x} x x ray foli | Very tqletem ruit re owy. L 
ver Red G x a xX x x x x xx x xX =a oF x Z x | a ice iage, woolly | Very tal 5 OF auioe ak owe aban poleits 
= Lem um X X = X|x re , yell eran orab La ous 
5 malo ‘Si =, Scented G x x x xX xX i D4 xX : xX x x a4 xX a ow, showy Needs full suckers le conditions tex poisonous 
a ees P — um 4 x 1X | x = x : x x xX Sprin small ¢ | Very tol , needs li 
= ey a. x x | x i. = x | xx eos ai bloom = One of erant of dro ight prunin 
n a ar . ougainvi 
"Redbox E Eucalyptus = x —— * Bet Se: XX i Bas = = x X Good ge white Dal Stand pues BOS gations 
| Sil ucalypt x x xt ~ ) x x ai | bab ae x ».¢ folia: aisy fl s some alkali , easy to tr. 
= ver Mountai us ' x > x x es x x x | 7] x x = ‘ Evergre ge—bloom owers Tolerant shade i tolerant. ansplant 
urel Ironbark = x x Es ~ oe ars XX x x % x x x Succul shiny gray f ag SEnCes Arid lovi ny tiene 82 
Climbi Ficus x ee x ——— L% x i x c ent shin oliage Wi St ing; good fi wei hs 
ing Fi x x ee 4 , j x x ae x lean y gree inter ands fille 
icin ig xx = . Xxx ae 4 x - x ; = . x | = x tah evergreen pee foliage Wint fl. | Very shade and bh r for poor soils 
: 54 Loe gre iage er ough orth 
Maidenhai x x x x Ls. x x ' x ara en conifer neat form a bers’ walls, als 
ae 3 : x - x * g | 2 | 5 XX : had | = x xX exgrecm Fh Ber LY oe 
» oo . _— = x x ee Pe xX xX |x ae Be: |_| x ag e mee ig sins colored Sonea Vey tat 
ustralian a ae x | ‘x ees x x x x nse foli green foliag oo ntried but should 
a ata tree S xx | s a x | x x xX oy eee © | x x | x x = x x Hpenie a ee Salk i should ie valuabl 
erez ; x | | i ntere a ‘ e j 
Stati - x = xX >.< | x | x xX XX x a x S cresting form Wi tough be valuab ecorative frui 
Bull ce x x xX xX xX X| aed x kylin —£ ill stand le—d fruit 
oad ba > ce x ie | xj x | es x ae 5 elie hin bark a ee ecorative fruit 
jeput | x x Pa | | ae | xx | | resting f , white sm | ee arin clean 
Prickl — x ¥ x a si xx Xx | : x Eee ae see as | Pendulou orm gray f ooth bark dures alk cunket 
Um y Paperb: x x x | X xXXXX a gee s } | x | Flowe s habit, pink oliage Tender o aif; heat and 
brella ark x | x oe | xx See: xX za | rs, deco flower .P nly whe smog 
China x ee. x x oe | <a | Xx Inter rative 5 rune t n you 
x | Xx x x | X| ee: See | esting f three ti M o retain ES 
aol A x <= xx Sake ealhes | Ix x ‘Sil oliage mes a edium zayen 
= x x 2 are es = = X |X KX X | x & * x : Pp ver-gray folia : year | Mak sized tree ile foliage 
= x ~~ x x ws ‘Xx X endulo iage én excel —_tolera 
-=* x = x | ! x “2 x | xX XxX x x | Neat us habit, m | Stands lent clipped Se 
x x (x | pa } i | -_ i x eve teresti prun hed ’ alkali 
x x iw e | x xX “ | xx ix | | Clingi rgreen folia ing bark og ing to retai ge & spec i, etc. 
x x xX x x LS ».4 Rs x X X x - X|X X = x Cc ing evergre ge | Long ard to retai nes juvenil imen—Ext 
x | xX XX x x Bese x XxX e XXX x Sd x |: ae xX XX) aes flower en wall cover | _ Exe ‘Seney in juvenile f —— ra tough 
New x x | x % = x | x xx | | | all foli : ellent s eeds w oliage 
od ecommesdae xs | = = = | | x XX X xX xx | x x | 2 “Yell iage color, in ' Fairly slo ubject tor ¢ ater until e 
‘Tohies Pitts Flax x x x Bek: | e Loy ee: ae ae a ow bloom , interesting br | Good w to start, ac ron stablished 
ak Mock x 2 X X X xX xX x |x be x by = x X X x X | Interestin loom ery tolerant ‘hs “6 ci akaane ious roots 
Cat Podocarp oe 4 = Xx x x X x be 4 | xX X | x x x * | xX | | _ Pyramid g form, white Good filler of fumes, pest 
us x Be 4 pee ee 4 | Se | & x | Bi al conife flowers | Exeelle schon 
x x xX x >. >.< | IX 4 4 oom—f r, nativ nt gro 
x 2 | xX | x = = Vee xix mos | ae x | Gloss liste j ee oe 
x < x a | | x|x xx y folia ‘D nk cov 
= x xX xX i x 4 oe In ge, 1 _ Drow h er 
x x xX x [x x ».4 X X x Pe X x x | teresting thi , sarge white i G ght resista 
| r a, s 
White x = | x x x x x > x si xX | pe x x x | Umbrell papery bark— , frag. folia erin growl faster wi 
: x xX 4 x ix x x | a form fl ge Vv ng ith 
White Pota eee | Xx x | | x x 2 | | | z Summ small we ery tole — 
3 sae Hone ne x x x = = = | = a= x x. 7x xs x x xX Inter er flowers — | Very 
| Wi eysuckl x 7x xX | x estin ‘ ing c Vi rant 
| Mexican : x x ee ez | be x ee | | x | Evergre ese Sot aie pee fone’ 
Hi Seca x x _ XX x | en gl red fru ‘Sh 
+e r 2% es | x x x1: x x x x | Inte glossy foli it, ed rub or 
Shiny x, anpalm Sa x tees x x xX be x xX |xx * x) x = | = | 0 resting form age vine ible Hot dry ae with s 
| x. | x Be are , yellow ocati ucke 
mo x x x 4% > Ix x x|: KX Hise | Ko = Tro -red trumpet fl epee — — st 
x x x x x | | pical fea owers Ho r, exce rant 
- x x e x xX | _ Ix x x | x 5 ae Se x | x id s | Strap-lik ther palm. ae one et Im 
x x on | x x eo spe ‘D e folia | Colorfu itions ce cove 
aneecmane x xX X oo ».4 x iX x 2 Ge et } x XX xX | x | ark green ge, tropical ef | Kasil 1 fence an or water— el very tol 
= xx = s | | x ¥ ie < X| & x = x | xX X | Fragrant : accent, Berries fect Q y grown b d wall cove wide toleran erant 
x a m x IX | - XX | Pendul loom, col and Flowe uite tough ut slow z - 
X XXX - Xx Ix x x a eS > | Durabl habit, fine — aon mai 
* . x xX | Ts | x z . | x Ww thi ae evergreen foli | Usetul ca pemect t 
x x = oS o 4 x Be | inter be n foliage iage Better i shrub o Aphi 
x x x x xx x = > Eve rries, sprin tter in so or tree s when ov 
x xX i i | x x rgreen foli g flowers | | Withsta me shad er-wate 
zx } x | x| 3 <1 = | Succulen oliage, light N nds abus . = 
ok = x x XX x X i > | Broom- rf t foliage, yell yellow Fis. eeds attentio e 
xx 4 ace: x | ee , yellow- Se ionce end 1 ning 
ae os ae ses | = | Orange-r —— pea flowers V ar en 
a x x | Fa ed flowers ery tough bank co od barri 
x x n palm Fenc and dr ver er hedg: 
x x x : tes | e cove ough e 
x | > 4 x shi slender f _ Fence an = better w r loving 
an al ith 
| oe eg hiny li ght palm | Slow bank cover water and li 
oe tropical 1 ronze foli _ Very res » long li shade 
| Interes ooking iage istant ved, h 
tin | Excell of unf eat tol 
oa form— ent lo avorab. eran 
large Fi. _ Smo w maskin, le condi 
spikes_|Ve Dod wd wal a 
: S 
ery tolerant sistant 


(Le. é 7) 


Le USCA 
~ Leaves 


CALIFORNIA 


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Peruvian Black Walnut 


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SUMMER 1952 


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LASCA LEAVES 


Ouarterly Journal of the 


LOS ANGELES 


STATE and 
COUNTY 


ARBORETUM 


A CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC. PUBLICATION 
R. J. SEIBERT, Editor 


VOL. II 


JULY, 1952 


No. 3 


COLD RESISTANCE OF SUBTROPICAL ORNAMENTALS 
VERNON T. STOUTEMEYER 
Division of Floriculture and Ornamental Horticulture 
College of Agriculture, University of California—Los Angeles 


Little published information is available 


state is entirely free of 
ny locations, bei Satptra Ss 
well below haere can be expected at ir- 
regular intervals. 
n uninterrupted succession of severe 
49 


some echoes 6 hibis- 


ters will probably encourage entice a 
thee 
Poh s nurseries have published mini- 
mum e temperatures in their catalogs. 
The eter 1937 Nursery catalog' pre- 
i t 


unusually severe | of that year 


eld’ has given closely sim- 

ardiness of various 
common ornamental plants. The stand- 
ards used for evaluation of cold resistance 
ave not been — clearly by th au- 
thorities. On e other aad. Biniler, 
Simpson and Wennens classified the plants 
acc cording to the degree of injury, mak- 


e weather poneinee prevailing in the 


vicinity of West Los Angeles during the 
winters of 1947-48 and 1948-49 


to the freeze, and the plants were 


or crancini eam these are omitte 
pate ~ discussio 

arly season “of 1947-48 offered a 
good ampere nity to observe the critical 
temperatures which —— tips 
oticed on certain 


ith a temperature of 


ber ll and on De- 


ange of one to three degre 
e freezes of 1948- 49 also came oie a 
with the 


on January 3-4, 4-5, and 9-10, 


10 LA SiC A 


LAV ES 


lowest temperatures on the first night. 
uring the night o January 3-4, tempera- 
tures o . were recorded for one hour. 


a recorded = several nights following 
night of January 3-4. O 


show up for several we 
The 1949-50 freeze occurred on Decem- 
rm 


f 
xpected on a given species 
of plant varies on ear to year. In this 

h 


instance the ive condition of grow 
and possibly also the low dew point were 
ajor ctor the severity of the 
a 


The observations recorded and 
sembled by the author include only thes 
sites in which minim temperatures 
were recorde d in the oy eee = vicinity. 
of the a 

ie oat tempera- 
ose furnished by local nur- 
botanical names, bt pais 

Sable. “follow those ante by Bailey 


S ob- 
in the 1948. 49 
vi the queen palm, 
anzof fianum (Cocos plum- 
osa) showed foliage injury. e other 
common palms did not. The beautiful 
amethystina, Bas not common 
and is considered to be 


sie ena were close to 20°F. It may 
r than generally believed when 
well etabhined. Phoenix rupicola, Phoenix 


reclinata, and Jubaea spectabilis likewise 
were not seriously injured at the sam 
pee ures. | 
calyptus—Most of the Eucalyptus 
grown were not seri- 


ously affe y temperatures down to 
0°F. Eucalyptus ficifolia lost much wood 
of the tops at this minimum in January 


ops 
1949, but recovered we _ eladocalys 
(E. t 


noticeably at this” temperature ome 
injuries were observ: on E. citriodora, 
. Lehman cinerea, although 
Binder et ‘al! recorded EH. cinerea as un- | 
touched below 20°F. 
t in the colder areas, all 


only on. A. panteorfill | 

at Spproinntcly 20°F. 

Jasmines—All of the jasmines commonly _ 
un 


minum sambac which were 


in areas where exceedingly s : 
ed. The occ urrence of this i 
plant in 
usually be 
suitable for he growing of rather tendefl 
plants. : 
Ferns me venueble data on the com: 
beatin » hardin s of ferns was obtained 
by Roberts yen rietor of a nurser 4, 
cializing in ferns in Palms, California | 


3-4, 1 These plants 
heated lathhouse, and it is possible th 
injuries have been 

es 


ures. Howe 


showing sli 
la atycerium alcicorne, ed 
Prous: Pelypodium eum, Pol; syn 
knightiae, Polypodium mandianu 
The root os showed no in 

tum altadena, Asplenium 
Siaditd- ase falostum, 

Davallia 


S$ UM M ER: 1 95 2 


japonica, sabes ose platyphylla, Nephro- 
dium hertipes (Dryopteris Ships es), Ony- 


olystich 1 
sii, Pteris cretica, Pteris aes pind ie cite 
teris ouvrardii, Pteris parkeri eri 
tremula, ve olopendrium phe ( Phyllitis 

scolopendrium). 


The erior hardiness of the tw 
species of  Divkoonih among the tree ferns 
ite Alsophila or Cibotium species may be 

ced. Observations by Binder et al‘ 


seis varying degrees of injury to 
s species of tree ferns before tem- 
Pekanubes reached 20°F. 


vario 


ately a great many 0 


Vines—Unfort 
the finest evergreen foliage and flowe 
gro southern Cali 


ona 
of the probable retreats to 
site is s paviewinay in ortan 


Ta 
information on vin 


ble I presents : SURETY of oo 


Snes ienialnsitblias ata sua. 


TABLE I 
COMPARATIVE COLD RESISTANCE OF VINES 


Beaumontia grandiflora 24°F. 
Bougainvillea spectabilis 18 
Bougainvillea (most vars.) 25 
Cissus capensis 24 


The three papers by Jones (8, 9, 10) con- 
ourc 


oe an portant e of ‘horticul- 
: al informati on vines, including 
pace Ho ; latter is com 


Srowth of stems for full Soli of 
maximum hardiness of the vine 
Table I shows that relativel f 
y few ev 
green flowering _vines are available fe 


ps ea having minim e 

bes F less re) bignoniaceous 
mbers, Clytostoma callistegioides ig- 

nonia violaceae), Do unguis-cati. 


and Pandorea pandorana were potable for 


Arm- 


30 
18 


Evans 


& 
Reeves 
25°F 


25 


Observed Effects Following 
inimum Tempera’ 
Butter- Severe h 
Inj 


field 
Ss 21°F. 

20 me 
28 24 
Sida 25 

24 

26 
15 ne 
15 aaa 
i 21 
ee 26 
24 21 

24 
i 26 
27 21 
27 25 
si 26 
he 27 
18 Se 


Injury Injury 


ie 21(ap.) 
26 Ss 
27-21 sis 
ks 21 
25 she 
a a1 
24 21 
ae 21 
21 si 
26 oe 
25-21 Sed 
sa 21 
sas 21 
sek 21 
27-21 25 
25 wie 
21 ees 
bee 21 
me 25 
27 ais 
25 
21 


cold {poy all withstanding 20°F. or 
ssibility of oo eding as 


less. 


ri 


means of i 
colder areas poe d not "be Geek oked. 


reasing the 
1 


rvations on shrubs and 


t of S vines for 


trees made 
fe) 


The observations are shown 
in Table II, and those for trees Table 
III. In these tables, “slight injury” indi- 
cates injury to tender ap wth or tips 
of stems only. “Sev = icates 


nl ry a 
amage i Ssbeongra a sotlone or even to 


the w 
The deve: Ppieneatan in the tables shows — 


12 LASCA LEAVES 


TABLE II 
COMPARATIVE COLD RESISTANCE OF SHRUBS 


Observed Effects Following 


and sever sec 


of nurserymen 
indicate a Sart cu a ch adverse influence 
of frost accompanied ow 
on tender peli 


portant hater: with plants in other groups 


Arm Arm Vans Minimum Temperatures 
Ken lon ce atl & Butter- Severe Sorress , 
; 1937 1951 Reeves field sil aie Injury Injury 
Abutilon vitifolium 20°F. 24°R ine ori l 
oeeeenners my eon age eas ey 24 21 dinea) i 3 
Ath parviflor: eo 22 Lae ce 25 
° Eateoerons ; bc thes a 24 ie ie 21 27 ase 
‘Bouvardia eibatr 25 27 ae 27 22-26 27 
_ Brunfelsia c Saivcina foribiinda URN Grlno nate neared 20 20 20 20 se 24-21 
dra inaequila ee 21 (killed)... 
_ Calliandra Tweedi 20 18 15 aoe 21 
Cassia splendida 20 20 22 ee Set Ses 25 
Cestrum elegans atic oS ai nae 26 
Cestrum nocturn 15 22 Se eee 26-21 pa 
Chamaelaucium gc iad be Te 22 he ee es 21 
-Chorizema variu 20 oe re 21 are 24 
Se osendron myricoides Be ace 25 ie aa 25 
occulus laurifolius 22 25 oa aes) a0 21 
“peal so a EAE sr ARE DE eye ane eae ay 20 20 eet a = 21 
Coleonema pulchrum. ..........0.......... ae 22 ae we ay 21 
Coprosma » Bega k igo a es ea 20 oy he aw 26 
ben : bea 20 ae ree ee 21 
ape 18 ae 22 oA 
Srotwiavis ae Mo ate ca 25 a 26-21 27 
Duranta stenostachys _.. 24 24 24-21 27 
Eranthemum nervosum 24 24 oe ae 1 os: 
enacts pulcherrima ___ sis 28 aes 27-21 (killed) _... 
() aaets Aone 22 18 24 aa nee es 21 
Fatsia Tanpaite Oh as te eR ate 15 an ap rie 25 
Fuchsia (Tender vars.) 2s 22 ae 22 oT ee 
Gardenia mystery .__. a 15 2 ire fae 21 
eee SOOM cca ee 20 Be oe Ee iiss oe 
Grewia caffr. eRe 18 une 18 = 23 oe 
ibiscus Rosa-sinensis .... 20 22 24 - 26-21 27 
peep a sanguinea SN ee ay, Sete 20 22 24 is a. as 25 
Kunzea sericea ....... iat Be 22 oe Ss 25 
can nar ae ve 22 26-21 a 
Leptospermum laevi atum mine 15 ie 15 ie 21 
Leptospermum scoparium Gayl 15 nee oe we 21 
eta ae “exotica ce 20 2U 20 22 = 26-24-21 
: Dee eee BAN REBON Semler enon cS ons vnc wtinoieboact cccnsttaceaaye oes 20 ia ai ais 1 
Meprmene MIMCATA 300 ok sy oe Baer a 20 21 
See maltino RR EET RES ie uae Es 20 Ss ee 25 
‘ig ee SBR os Sl pirera ene eo abe ne en an 24 24-21 26 oe 
_ Poly. Deiniaisinnn 3. 2 20 EE ” ei 25 
Rondeletia cordata ars 26 a6 27-21 25 Ge 
Solanum Rantonnettii 25 ce 24 26 
24 #8 24 
Strept Jamesonii ©... 29 dee 29 «21 (icilled) 
Saks : thus tas speciosus BUN es Saat 24 25 
eee PEPIVInie oe eS OA ee fe 2 “94-2 i . 
Tibouchina semidecandra 22 28 _ - : (killed) vas 
Turraea ee si Toes etc stina once zits 18 26 24 a! 24 ee 95 
Xylosma sen secteleee a 15 10 a £3 ae 21 
that although some damage may such as many of the California nativ 
Tete at t belch abbr tg mere than ‘thos plants or Mediterranean plants, articls 
ted as for the particular species, larly those having sclerophyllous or grey- 
I means f iacincde § are ay re- tomentose fo : is an unwor 
liable and should be ex o cover a_ field for ecological study. T : oe of con: 
_ greater numbe la trolled laboratory techniques would pre- — 
One possible explanation _ the severe ent considerable rieeunntoas Vitficuities. 
damage observed in some instances Ss normally low minimum t ra 
that most of the uae temperatures re- tures of January 3-4, 1949 were followed 
corded: h were accompanied by relativ ng-co d periods of 
ewpoints as discussed H , temperatures slightly below freezing. O 
hroed Wright’. A possible field haracteristic feature t reeze wa 
for future studies would be an attemp he exceedingly long period of time for 
evaluate the gi pea between dewpoint the full extent of the damage up- 


-ossibly some of this damage was due 

he later long-continued slightly treesing 
temperatures rather than the 

freeze of Janu 3-4, 


a ee ae 


SUMMER LO So 


13 


cli the te 49 freeze was often slow. In 


ade pla 
Mies left unpruned and unfertilized with 
nimum irrigation until the new growt 
we well started. 
Freezing weather early in the fall may 
be muc ore serious than the same tem- 
be h 


troublesome damage from unusually early 
1950. eave mild ote in the fall of 


ong other earn = factors which 
in 


rosea a F. was practically uninjured, 
Ithough the same nursery all youn 
lants in containers were killed Materials 


be 

in 
withholding 
However, 


| This can be aided by 
fertilizer and water in the fall. 


in California, which has a oe pe ni 
ranean climate, the fall a rains 
when accompanied 


when freezing weather comes, it is some- 
times vantageous h oist soil 

since this accumulates more hea 
he number of times of exposure to a 
minimum temperature and duration 
of these exposures are undoubtedly both 
import Som s inn ern Cali- 
rnia have minimum peratures which 
n tha ern Cali- 


p 
ably this is due to the much longer a 
of the low Lecce: 
y for the 
om 


lley. 
ever, t pla = a patie vidios kills 
easily in Bory peal Califo 
Many striking Selma pe the influence 


of ground radiation were observed in 


TABLE III 
| COMPARATIVE COLD RESISTANCE OF TREES 


Observed Effects Following 


Arm- Arm- Evans Minimum Paes 3 atures 
strong strong & Severe Slight No 
1937 1951 Reeves Injury Injury Injury 
Ww or tie ce 20 
_ 4istonia sclciarts rt Waa 
; Rauwo ia (of trade—probably a as a: a fa “i 
Bauhinia urp 32 20 rea i 24 zie 
i Brachychiton acerifolium 22 24 22 25 ce 
: Brachychiton p je Soma Beek ve ro oe Be nen 21 
_Callistemon speciosu i5 15 20 21 
1 (22—young) 
ca lodendrum capen 15 (15—mature) 22 ee “a 21 
_ Castanospermum mustiaie De See Bi 2, 20 ae ae 25 and lower 
_Clethra arborea . . ee 20 22 24 27 Le 
4 Corynocarpus laevigata sities Soke al ees ae te 22 ge 23 hoe 
if. Crinodendron dependens .........0nc 15 15 22 25 
- Delast a Pires se <u 25 tee 25 
peu nh 24 if a 34 ae 
cas a 24 25-24-21 26 vl 
15 ies pes ah 
ra oa 35 : > 25 
20 20 20 ae iss 21 
22 22 he 24 26 weet 
as 18 ses ie 21 
20 a ee 21 
a ee 24 et 25 
ra a0 cree 
i ae 25 at 25 
a 20 oe 26 hes 
22 20 fe: 26 Pus 
15 ine 21(tipsonly) 21 
me oe ae: x 21 
18 10 rine pres 
22 22 Lae 24 
a 20 a 


14 EAS CA 


Eck ALVES 


’ Wes 4 Los Angeles during the freezes of 
and 1948-49. Since low temp 


y become fap 


pe of January 3-4 a 949, plants 
iter lath usually fared better than those 
the Wes 


o the grou 
against masonry walls or stones 


much less injured than those 
against wooden w Although drying 
out of the soil i a of con 
ditioning plants against cold, the soil 
ho oist rather than dry in 


ad- 
vance of the freeze, as the moist soil will 
store more heat. 


Ww 
age. such situations, windbreaks or 
fences with open spaces at the bottom 


_ Adequate se anaes for ~ site is eae 
nt with trees. 


tho o lon aee aoiecwea for planting in 
the bolder sections of the city of L - 
th 
alley are: Calo 


u ( Pittosporum undu- 
latum, Tristania conferta, and iter lucens. 


even fen tender than these uld 
planted only in the tel avotaite sites 
These include ini various 
Domb , Euphorbia tirucalli, Har ephyl- 
lum caffrum, Harpullia ar orea, Royena 
lucida, Spathodea campanulata, Wigandia 
caracasana. 


Some trees which peopanly should be 
Sevidered hardy to 20°F., but br a 
according oe a wd ’ observa 
may on occasion be damaged are: Chivas: 


& 


thodendron platanoides, Corynccarpus lae-— 

vigatus, Crinodendron tet endens, Cupania — 
anacardioides, tg orum fl avum, Ol- — 
mediella betschlerian | 


Some trees which Bppest to be entirely 


safe at temperatures somewhat under 
20°F. are: Azara ae a Callistemon — 
asuarinas, Ceratonia siliqua, Cinnamomum ; 
camphora, Cordyline australis, Dracaena — 
p eodendron se, Grevillea — 
robusta, Hakea saligna, Lagunaria Patter- — 
ui, Laurus nobilis, Magnolia grandiflora, 
Melaleuca genistifolia, Ligustrum nitidum, 
Lyonoth Say A d Maytenus  bo- 
aria, ittosporum  phillyraeoides, do- 


0 
Umbellularia californ 


Acknowledgments: 


a, Pit Po | 
carpus gracilior, Podocarpns macrophylla, | 
s are due to 


Tge 
for permission to use their records and 
information on cold resistance of plants. 


‘Armstrong Nurseries, Ontario, California. Nut- 
sery catalog. 1937. 

* Armstrong Nurseries, Ontario, California. Nu! 
sery catalog. 1951. 

* Bailey, L. H. Manual of Cultivated Plants. Mac- 

millan Company. 1949. 
* Binder, Morton, Willard J. Simpson, Jack 
Wagnon. rvey of the frost eecainens of 


broad-leaf evergreens, Pacific Coast Nursery- 
man 8(3): Da 
° Butterfield, ee: Frost tolerance of orna 


mentals. Jour. Calif Hort. Soc. 10(2): 80-82. 
* Evans and Reeves, Los Angeles, California. Nur 
sery oe Undated. 

* Hodg: R. W., C. A. Schroeder, and ie Re 
Wright,  Domiparetive resistance to low win 
Senberatures of subtro opical and tropical ruil 

A Soc. Hort. Sci. 56:49-64 

if 950. 


*Jones, Katherine D. Thirty important vines 
California. Nat. Hort. Mag. 15(1): 1-65. 1936. 
* Thirty more climbers for California. Nat. Hort — 
Mag. 16(1): 1-57. 1937. 

Raa ocnbal bE esi net eicpe more climbers for 

California. Nat. Hort. vey 17(1): 13-58. 1938. 

“Roberts, A. W. 1949. 
Siegelman, 
“Wescott, H. Personal records. 1949 


s for 


SUM M ER 1-955: 


WEATHER RECORDS | 
LOS ANGELES STATE AND COUNTY ARBORETUM 
J. T. McGAH 


1951 TEMPERATURE PRECIPITATION 
AVERAGE PEAKS TOT 

MONTH in. ax. Min. Max. Month 
GANUAR Yoo eee oe 38.8 68.0 31.0 90.0 3.82 
FEBRUARY 38.3 70.0 28.0 84.0 1.01 
AR 40.6 75.3 30.0 93.0 0.82 
APRIL 47.3 72.7 33.5 86.0 2.81 
MAY. 47.2 81.0 40.0 92.0 0.40 
JUNE 53.1 83.3 47.5 94.5 0.00 
LY 57.7 93.5 49.0 103.0 0.00 
AUGUS 55.5 92.8 51.0 101.0 0.20 
SEPTEMBER 54.1 91.0 49.5 106.0 0.00 
OCTOBER 49.0 85.3 43.0 101.0 0.66 
NOVEMBER. 43.5 74.6 35.0 89.0 1.51 
DECEMBER oe 38.5 65.0 27.0 73.0 7.37 


TOTAL, 18.60 INCHES 


PERUVIAN BLACK WALNUT! 


BY Rad. 


Edible nut trees in Central _America 


© serve a sagirae tal gr a for 0 “rial 
4 teh areas 0 tral Amer 


this 
large range but there will remain some 
question as to their validity until more 
collections. are available and_ unti 
critical study is possible. It is known 
that considerable variability exists within 
confined areas, and certainly geo 
graphic distribution suaecnt sa highly 
variable range of ha Care should 
be er pes suit- 
' able specific localities,—perhaps 
grafted hortice bore! varieties may be the 


ish) 


© solut 


In cs region of the ey, low 


SEIBERT 


ley, a uince Mil in the Inama- 
bari and subsidiary valleys, this tree 
grows at an altitude of from 600 to 1 


tion in desert conditions 


Old trees will vary aan 15 to 30 meters 
0 to 90 centime 


there would appear 
branching unless pruning is applie 

The wood is highly pantie in Peri for 
ious cabinet work, in- 
cluding inlay. The color of the w is 


similar in quali 
of the United States, even to its 
Wood my possession in the United 
States jell gery warped nor Rei rte 
over a a year and a At 
Turrialba, Costa Rica, a board aus test 
for nearly two years has been resistant to 
both termites and the powder pos 

The spew ee the Peruvian black walnut 

are very s to those of the black wal- 
nut “ bem "United States. The grooves of 
the hard seed coat of J. neotropica are 


16. PAS CA LEAVES 


more rounded, or less sharp, than those 


d indeed 
to my of the ee varieties of 
oot major 
are pre locally in Peru and 
e who know th 
the scattered distribu- 
tion in the poke Lied ue wee reach 
markets. Appar ercial 
groves have been nie either ris nuts 
Or oe lumber. 
ring September 1948 seeds were 

our Ap pie eo at the 

mental Agri 

m the Seis reeked region 
er Perené valley. Of thirty-five 


of age 
with perfect franantan tied success, with- 
out undue 


trees will start fruit nor is it 
ho any years will be required for a 
tree to reach commercial timber size. 


appears, in early stages, to grow as rapidly 
as do mahogany and Spanish cedar. 


not eaten by animals. This advantage will 
ake the tree ideal for fence-rows and 


door-yards. It is a tree with both a high — 
umber value and also it produces edible 
s: 


The natural Baie of res tree plus our 
limited experience wit o far indicate | 
that it could be planted at ‘alittudies from — 
a to l Ts a 


season of six months. To date, no fungus, 
or insect pests h noted attack- 


To the above article, the writer wishes 
to re por the following observations of 
the species at the Los Angeles State and 
County Arboretum: 

en seeds of Juglans neotropica were — 
obtained by the Arboretum during June 


ich was grown und 
during the winter of 1950-51. During the 
summer of 1951, the young tree was | 
planted on the decaetans grounds, where / 
it was unprotected through the frosts of j 
the past winter, surviving a minim : 
24°F. with no more than slight tip | 
damage. j 

alph La Rue, Farm Advisor, San » 
Berhhciine County, reports that a plant, 
Sate of the same species, was formerly 

the Riverside Experiment Sta: | 
tion en it was lost during the freeze | 
of 1937. 


Juglans neo otropica is a deciduous - 


grower. It would appear to be worthy 0 
further trial = the warmer parts of south: | 
ern Californi 


1 Seeds planted and plants established at t th 
S.D.A. Rubber Station, Turrialba, Costa Ric 


MEMBERSHIP 


Annual Associate Membership............---.---------++--2--+ $ 5.00 
Annual Membershir ‘ 10.00 
Annual Contributing Membership.................-.....---.- 25.00 
Annual Sustaining Membership.................--.-----+---- 100.00 
Annual Sponsor Membership........-...----.:.-.-----------+ 250.00 
Life Membership ; 500.00 
Founders : 1000.00 or more 
Benefactors 5000.00 or more 


CLuB MEMBERSHIPS are available, at any amount, 
from $10 a year or more. 


ALL CONTRIBUTIONS DEDUCTIBLE UNDER 
FEDERAL INCOME TAX Law: 


Checks should be made payable to the California Arboretum 

Foundation, Inc., and sent to our headquarters at 291 North 

Old Ranch Road, Arcadia, Calif. Phone DOuglas 7-3444. 

Donations for Historical Restorations should be made pay- 

able to California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., Historical 
nd. 


The Los Angeles State and County Arboretum is 
operated by California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., a 
non-profit corporation. The Foundation is developing and 
managing the Arboretum under an agreement with the 
Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. Title to the 
120 acres of property is in the State of California, which 
has leased it to Los Angeles County for fifty years. 
Construction operations are actively commenced by the 
County of Los Angeles in accordance with the master 
plan of the Foundation, Because of safety hazards the 

. Arboretum is closed to the public during construction. 
Interested clubs may arrange for group conducted tours 

of the grounds by calling the Arboretum Office, DOuglas 
Pe Se ke re 


Operated By 
Catirornta Ansoretum FOUNDATION, INC, 


LUSCA 
ed Lei VCS 


CALIFORNIA 


ANNUAL REPORT 
1951-52” 


_, 
S, 
e 
— 
= 
Y 
€ 
0 
Y 
< 
2 
f) 
x] 
=a 
x) 


QUARTERLY JOURNAL 


‘ OCT 2:0 1952 


ARCADIA 


ARnen ul > 


Autumn 1952 


BOARD OF TRUSTEES 
CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC. 


Dr. Samuel Ayres, Jr. 
- Mrs, Harry J. Bauer . 
Robert Casamajor . 
Howard A. Miller 
Mrs. Lawrence Barker 
Manchester Boddy 
Ralph D. Cornell 
Mrs. Richard Y. Dakin 
J. F. Douglas 
Mrs. Thomas Fleming 


President 

. Vice-President 
Vice-President 
Treasurer 


William Hertrich 


: John C. Macfarland 


Samuel B. Mosher 
Mrs. William D. Shearer 
Dr. Frits W. Went 


John Anson Ford, Ex-Officio 


HONORARY TRUSTEES 
Mrs. J. E. Harton “ 
Charles S. Jones 
Fred W. Roewekamp 
Roy F. Wilcox 
(Founded Through the Efforts of the 
Southern California Horticultural Institute) 
LOS ANGELES STATE ed ARBORETUM 
, : STAFF 


Dr. R. J. SEIBERT 


Director. 


GrorGE H. SPALDING 


yeas Ss feu dq 


LOU BD MASTIN. § 


W. QuINN Buck 


Wenn Gants tececkun ou: 


3 
Research Assistant 


J. THoMAs McGau 


Dewey E. NELSON 


Secretary 


THELMA G. BLA 
JANET WRIGHT 


Research 
and Library (Part time) 


HONORARY STAFF 


Dr. GEorce P. Lux ues 


ee ee wees es 


cs Ae wa ri 
Pts CONSHIANE 


Pro pagator 
Plant Recorder 


Custodian 


Director of Restorations 
Curator, Lux Arboretum Annex 
: W. Dan Q | alo 


c 
+ 


; Master Plan for 


ae 


LASCA LEAVES 


Quarterly Journal of the 


LOS ANGELES 


STATE and 
COUNTY 


ARBORETUM 


A CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC. PUBLICATION 
R. J. SerBert, Editor 


VOL. II 


OCTOBER, 1952 


No. iM 


CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC. 
Annual Membership Meeting June 17, 1952. 


ANNUAL REPORT 1951-52 


We are happy to report that a great 
deal of work ha 
rounds of 


chuerubene: : 
Capital Improvement work on 
of the Arboretum during the 
d of some- 
worth of contracts let 
from the 1950-51 capital 
et. The work chatted 
of major drainage facilities, paving of the 
central roadways, tree and debris re- 
moval, and central area sprinkler system. 


been in accordance with the Foundation’s 
the Arboretum. 


fs come an accomplished fact. The ead 
©es of the Arboretum Foundation are in- 


deed grateful for the wonderful coopera- 
tion of the County Board of Supervisors, 


artment for the splendid job done in 
bringing Baldwin Avenue into reality 
HORTICULTURAL PROGRAM: 

Accessions of new plants and seeds at 
the Arboretum totaled 1870 for the fiscal 


year. Among seed obtained were several 
outstanding Setisas. from Australia, 
South Ceage: Puerto Rico, Java, and 


Argent 

A ass ne = eaillaction of Orchid plants, 
cluding 227 accessions, was received from 
Mrs. Lucille Rawleigh Meyer of Bel Air. 


in- 


the 

Acacia and Eucalyptus groups which have 
made excellent h this first year. 
e are Aone 10,000 plants ready to 
go into permanent plantings this coming 
fall, which will appreciably dress up the 
appearance of portions of the grounds 
where capital improvement work has 
been completed. 

Field nursery trial areas have been con- 
siderably expanded and include a num- 
ber of plants of haere for extensive use 
in Southern Californi 
addition to the “Pounaation of the 
retu Annex, 


) 
Over 1100 United States Department of 
Agriculture introductions alone have been 
gathered together over the past 35 years 


18 BAGCGCA LEAVES 


b Lux. In addition to these intro- 
ductions, there are countless other items 
which ux has been erinigiar together 
for cel year: 


ares: of these collections, their 


labeling accessioning consi- 
ct agen a Ae the responsibility of the 
Ar ai to its enrichment of plant 
materi 


RESEARCH PROGRAM: 

The Arboretum this year has two 
cathe research pereemrnis with the 
County of Los An, ngeles 
nty Board of 


e County of Los Angeles. 
$34,000 

‘ ase polation by County Board of 
Supervisors adopted December LT, 2951 
Research investigation, introduction, pro- 


pagation, growing, testing, and demonstra- 
tion of heavy duty, drought resisting, 
evergreen turf grasses and soil bindin 


in and around 
County golf courses, playgrounds, athletic 
fields, , par 


as is available for 
large scale practical testing at County 
properties 
issemination psn oe Gromit 
of such cultural inform acquired 
through this research ay as shall be 
a3 cance to the County of Los Angeles. 
B. During March 1952, oe Ar- 
boretum Foundation signe 
with Monsanto 
the purpose 


_ 


Cco.- einer RESEARCH AGEN- 
CIE S- 


Introduction, 
tential 


' 


we 


cortisone- -producing plants 


ir Jae of Plant Exploration and 
LER A. rnishes po 


for 


test in our area, as well as many other — 
foreign pon of potential ornamental — 
value for our 7 
S. Soil ‘Conservation Service, San — 
ernando, cover opping plants and 
Eucalyptus ppaiek : 

3. U. S. Forest Service, plants for ero- 
sion control and drought resistance. 

4. Los Angeles County Flood Con 
District, has furnished instruments for the — 
recording of official weather data: 
rainfall, srs ax.-Min. temperature and eva- 


5. Department of Eee: ede ’ 
of Southern California, grow of certain 
Solanaceae for strategic alkaloid analysis. 

6. California State Highway Depart- 

ment, mutual testing of plants ee futune 
freeway plantings. 4 

otany Department, U. C. q 
tual exchange of surplus plant aietial ’ 
rative crouth potentialities in 
two specifically different areas within Los 
Angeles County 
York Botanical Garden, growth 
tests of high cortisone yielding clones of 
Strophanthus : 


hb 


les County Park Depart: — 

ment. testing a suitable trees, shrubs and i 

turfs for t 

LIBRARY: 
Until facilities are available for proper 
housing of library h has 


and pamphlets. This yea 
able to place our caialogue system into 
operation. The library now largely 
pec eauce. complete with Bathe and sub- 
ject ca es. 

The tea continues to build up its 
receipt of domestic and foreign Botanical 
and Horticultural publications through ex 
change for = Foundation’s publication | 
“Lasca Leaves.” ‘ 
HISTORICAL ‘COMMITTEE — RESTO- : 

TION: 3 


e Historical Committee, under the | 
very active pcan e of Mrs. Richard 
Dakin, ra dent funds fro 


restoration pro ram 


ucky” Ba ldw: 


to its former splendor. 


Pas 4 


AUTUMN: L982 19 


FINANCIAL REPORT: July 1, 1951 to June 30, 1952. 


Total Incom 
Memberships: =.2..-.3....---:....-.....- $ 4,840.00 
Subventions 
Los Angles County............... . 56,600.00 
Donations 4,015.94 
Rentals 4,047.50 
Pabhestiona:<4c5 is at 86.18 
$ 69,589.62 
Total hapensés oe ee $ 59,261.02 
Total Fined. pe $151,526.11 
pe l kes meant Contribution 
ooks—pamphlets and 
gga ch $. 4,302.55 
Flower prints and ee 5,677.00 
Arboretum equipment .......... 8.00 
Land (Lux Estate) ................ 100,000.00 
Labor (Administrative) . 95.95 
Labor (A m) 675.33 
Surv Bi 7 Dawe we 8.50 


seeds 3,021.91 
Mise, materials and services Pe shfciteemd 


$123,989.46 
Historical ad arb prs Fund: 
Income—Donations _ .............--- $ 21,472.06 
Expense Restoration work $ 15,401.74 
Garden Tou nd: 
necome ... 3,034.77 
Expense - 147.92 


} 
| 
| 
; 


FOUNDATION’S Pe ar 
e 30, 1952, as follows: 


pptichy 1 Associ 76 
Annual ...... 178 
Aint Contributing 40 
Annual Sustaining 4 
ife Soins ean ee 11 
under ... 2 
 tanemaue cl Life .. 1 
"307 

49 members are garden club groups. 

FLOWER SHOW- pecan 

A display of Acac pecies 
Ss educational cere "at the 
International Flower Show at Inglewood 

rs Ma 1 

r. Spalding judged both for the San 


Marino Coden 


S on display in the Arboretum office in 
January, 1952 by request of ie Azusa 
Woman’s Clu 
PUBLICATIONS: 

our issues our quarterly publica- 
tion Lasca Leaves have been published 
this year, six Lasca News ve been 


ws Releases sent to the papers. 
ARTICLES PUBLISHED: 

Dr. pour and Mr. Spalding have each 
had thre articles renin in various 
periodicals during this yea 
TOUR OF RANCHOS AND ESTATES: 

q his tour, sponsored by the Foundation, 
_ ably planned by Mrs. William D. Shearer, 
was held on June 13, 14 and 15, 1952. 
The following people very generously 


opened their estates for this event, which 
included a preview of the grounds of the 
Los Angeles State and County Arboretum: 
“Ra ncho Descanso,” La Canada. 
E irador,” a and Mrs. Paul G. 
Hoffman, Pasaden 
Warner ts tate,” Mr. and Mrs. 
Thomas William Warner, Pasadena. 

“An English Garden,” Mrs. James Good- 
rich Newcomb, Pasadena. 

The following clubs and organizations 
assisted in are sedan wine tour, - pro- 
ceeds of whic e to sed for a per- 

Porise oe jabeling " ohan at the 
Arbor 

yeaeeny Association of University 
Women—Arcadia. 

American Begonia Society—San Gabriel 

alley Branch. 

Arcadia feck na Club. 
~ readia Woman’s Club—Garden Sec- 
tio 

Automobile Club of Southern Cali- 
for 

Chewy Chase Estates Garden Club. 

College Women’s Club of Pasadena. 


Holly Sugar Company. 

Home Garden Group. 
Inter-County Garden Club. 

La Cafada Valley Garden Club. 
Las Jardineras. 

Little Garden Club of Pasadena. 

Los Angeles County Publicity Depart- 


Los Angeles Garden Club. 


Clu 
Garden Club of ariel Pasadena. 
Van De ee Baker 


PUBLICITY 


The Arbor tum has cei very fine 
newspape 


pena thro 
of the County 
Mr. Micciche. 


Board of Supervisors and 


ALKS: 

During the past year 32 talks were 
given by members of the Arboretum 
staff. ee oie talks Dr. Seibert gave 20, 

ng 9, Mr. Nelson 11, and Mr. 
Buck es 
MOVIE STUDIOS: 

cy boretum grounds have been used 
by five studios, four television companies, 
and one religious unit. 


+20 PAS CA 


EE AVES 


RADIO PUBLICITY: 
Dr. Russell J. Seibert, Director of the 


Arboretum, has been interviewed on three 
radio programs, by Maurie Webster. One 
for publicity on the ret and the 

wo info rae = plantings 


_ for parking lots and street t 
DONATIONS OF SPECIAL. MENTION: 


nine Floral 
lant illustrations by 
Charles Broughton in addition to 
the Charles & oe ea Broughton 
Memorial Collec 
_ Mrs. Helen K. Krau 
Helen K. pba ‘Collection of Be- 
gonia ee ae Volumes. 
Dr. George P. Lux 
ne etary fifty- four acre Estate. 
Mrs. Lucille Rawleigh Mey 
Two erm! = sixty-seven ” Orchid and 
miscel Ss. 
AMONG OUR. NOTABLE VISITORS: 
oseph Knowland and Dr. 
Robert yo ae of the State Park Com- 
i n B. Drury, Chief, Division 
of Beaches i gen 


ar ngi neer, 
. Aubrey Drury, co deggcatet of Cali- 
fornia Historical Society, visited our 
grounds in October 1951. 
VOLUNTEER WORKERS: 

The Trustees of the oo and 
the Director of the Ar 


H. H. Benson, Talks. 
. Mr. and Mrs. Harry E. Bergstrom, 
Clipping Books. 
Maurice Block, Restoration. 
haere S. Bolton, Installation of Latis- 
glas 
Dr. George P. Lux, Care of Lux Arbo- 
retum Annex 
John C. Mactarland, Dh oie assistance— 
Lux Arboretum Ann 
Mrs. Tom McGah, om hours. 
W. Dan Quattlebaum, behead control. 
Mrs. Clara Ray, Office hou 
GROUP TOURS OF THE ARBORETUM: 
This y 


in parties ranging from ten 
to groups of over one-hundred. 

n the tour Nelson eel . brief 
history of colorful old Rancho Santa Ani- 
ta, an elucidation of the past expansion 

of the Arboretum, the ienens work no 


in progress and an explanation of the 
future development and use of the pro- | 
perty. 7 
These groups were Geniok Clubs, Girl — 
Scouts, Boy Scouts, Blue Bird Girls, Cub 
Scouts, Brownies, School 


rast groups; 
all. In 
the during the three 
Garden Tour in June. 
EXCHANGE PUBLICATIONS 

have established exchange rela- 
tions with 105 institutions to date, which 


nited States 
47 in foreign countries including: 


Africa (South) Eeuador 
Australia England 
Argentina Honduras 
Bolivia Italy 

razil a 
sae Guiana Mexic 


ew Zealand 
feed ciswiak Per 

Colombia 

Costa Rica 
Cuba 


Puerto Rico 
Scotland 


GIFTS OF PLANTS AND SEEDS 
RECEIVED BY THE ARBORETUM: 
Valuable oe of seeds 
plants have been received from the fol- 
lowing Jndividuals, pacihte eee and in- 

stitutio 
ADAMS CHARLE! 
ALLAN, W. South ‘Careline 
E. 


Dr. “5 


Buck, QUINN 


Cone. Dr. 

DAKI rs. RicHarp Y. 
DarWIN, Larry C, 

Davis, MILDRE 

rye MBERT 

DELKIN, A. C. 

Diss_e, Mrs. Barry 
DURNELL, Mrs. 


AUT Uw Ne 494-2 21 


HAGEN, WILLARD 
HAHN, JACQUES 
JOHNSON, Howarp 
JUNIMAN, ROBERT 


LARRIMORE, Mrs. LILLIAN 

LENz, LEE 

Lone, Mayor F. R., S. Africa 
RENZ, ELMER 

Lunp, Enric 

Lux, Dr. G. P. 


Louis B, 
Dr. MILDRED 
insertion: Mr. E. W. 
MEYER, M LUCILLE RAWLEIGH 
MonacuHina, J. 
Mononorr, Mrs. FREDERICK 
Moore, Mr. 
RacovEse, ARTURO E. 

SoS 3; 


Phonic , Mrs 
Ss 


ADELAIDE BoTANic GARDENS, Adelaide, Australia 
AGGELER & Musser SEED 

A Woman’s CLus—Garden Section 
Boncer Seep Co 

BROMELIAD SocteTy 

cr OF WILLIAM & MA 

DENMARK BoTANIC GARD a r. Lowman) 
Divigion OF PARKS, Rouen New York 
Evans & REEVES 

FEeRRY-MorsE SEED Co, 

GERMAIN’s INC, 


EARN N 
Hrosenaeoir: "Bor NICAL GARD 
Kesun Raya aati ahieks Garden) 
La Rocuette Nu 
Las JARDINERAS peel Club) 
Los ANGELES CouN Par 
Lux ArsoreruM AN 
Misso BoTANIC GARDENS 
Morris ArRBoRETUM 
Morton ArporetuM 
Raat ye Botanic GARDENS, Kirstenbosch, 
NEw York may gg GARDEN 
Norrurup, Kin eG 
OakuHurRst Ga 


A as 
OYAL ee ee SocreTy (Me. , 
PI 


U. S. D. A. FeveraL EXPERIMENT onebiin 
Mayaguez, P. R. 


Mite § aay -e iat Fietp STATION, 
y 


Us BoD. As nga INTRODUCTION GARDEN, 
Coconut Grove, Flori 
U. S. D. A. PLANT INTRODUCTION GARDEN, 
Glenn Dale, Maryland 
. D, A, PLANT INTRODUCTION GARDENS, 
gia 


UNIVERSITY CALIFORNIA BoTANIC GARDEN— 
Berkeley 

sain oye oF CALIFORNIA—Los Angeles, Divi- 

of Ornamental Horticulture 

Uicvaasiey OF CALIFORNIA—Los Angeles, Vavra 
state 

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 

UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON ARBORETUM 

UppsaLA Botanic GARDEN, Uppsala, Sweden 


aeerrace GI 


“hea! 
s, Bristow—27 pamphlets 
D eat Cavecek Piragaitis books 
pphalehe ous—1 
YRES, Dr. SA ean: Jr.,—3 books, 4 pamphle 
oan W. QUINN—20 pamphlets, 41 magazines, 
1 catalogue 
BuTTerRFIELD, H. M.—1 pamphlet 


Cuapwick, L.. C.—1 : 
Cortez G., ING. Joaquin A.—1 book 
AKIN, RicHarp Y.—1 book 


uN .- 
YLoRD, STANLEY-—6 catalogues, 11 magazines 
N, J. 7 W 


HAGEN, WILLARD—84 magazine. 
ERB SOCIETY OF AMERICA—14 magazines, 
31 pamphle 
JUHREN, GUSTAF—90 magazines 
May—1 book 


LORENZ, sp ea 

Los ANGELES CHAnnER oF COMMERCE—1151 
pamphlets, 11 books 

rms JOHN nn y books 

MAYBERG, NFRED—15 books, 1 catalogue 


ee 1 repri 


Roperts, CLARA— S inca 8 
c wre ge Wise catalogues 


gazi 
Papeete ny a 243 pamphlets 
WENT, rile Frits W.—4 pamp 
Wricut, JANET—I1 book, 1 savishiak, misc. 
folders, papers, garden plans, etc. 


MISCELLANEOUS GIFTS RECEIVED BY THE 
ARBORETUM DURING 
(exclusive sa money donation 


hae PAST YEAR 


ALUMIN Corp.—12 nore moldings 5 jt. 
ae 
eS pipe and fittings 
CL oF SOUTHERN CALIF.—3000 Garden 
‘our maps 


99 Ps Las C&L BAY BS 


Ayres, Dr. SAMUEL, yi Fe snpunted specimens 
of Australian Wild Flo. 

BENT, Harry S.—Color Bi Bali 
Tree” 


genre * a gorge B.—Notary Public services 


don 

Los ANoELES TurF CLus—Sizty tons of beddiny 
straw 

Lux, CaTHERINE CLAIRE—Fifteen Forest Tree 
co damn 

MACFARLAND, C.—Los_ Angeles Labepie 


Recorder fee yo Lux Arboretum Anne 
Martin, R. SANFoRD—2 sacks of “Humisite 
MONSANTO CHEMICAL vey Rept od po 3 0 
“Krilium,” 1000 pou i 

S A ANITA, ha ies planting pots 
SANTA ANITA Spat COVERING Co.—10 pieces of 

Asphalt Tile paste 
SCHERY y, Dr. pple Photographs of Cavanil- 

lesia species 
SHELLMAR Propucts Corpe.—Shellene tubing 


SOUTHERN ego ica GREEN HOUSE FRS,— 
Eight loads of Redwood sawdust 

TITLE INSURANCE sah Title Search d Plat 
preparation for Lux kts tum Annex 

TRIANGLE STEELE & Supp Co.—12 sheets of 
Alsonite 

VERDOORN, Dr. FRANS—1 Electro plate ecut— 
“Lasca News’ 

=< WALLACE, Yin MARGUERITE C. AND JAMIE— 

11 turtles 


MEMBERSHIP OF CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM 
ee: NC. 
NNUA 


Arcee CHARLES Gripes 
AHMANSON, Mrs. Howarp 


ees endale Branch 
EGONIA Secters—Tuatrrod Branch 
AMERICAN BEGONIA sadena Branch 
£055"! BEGONIA Siciee auc Gabriel Valles 
_ ArcapiA Leo CLu 
ARCADIA Wostas's Corb aha Section 
AYER, CHA 
AZUSA asecats Cius 


RS. arate RENCE 


AR M < 
BECKMAN, HENRY | 
BELLONA, ah See 2 3 
Bett, Dr. MER 
BELT, Mrs. 


BERTHOLON, GEORGE C. 


z 

B 
zis 
ri 

a 

@ 

Be 


CLark, Lu ucY taken 


Coates, Dr. & Mrs. GEorGE 


CoFFIN, Dr. Mrs. Harry 
Coke, Mrs. Epwin P. 
Cosy, ‘Hy F, 


Siar WoMEN’s CLUB OF PASADENA—Garden— 
tio 

CoLirr, Mr. FRANK E. 
ook, Mrs. WILLIAM M. , 
Crockett, Mrs. Haru D. 
Crowe, Mrs. 

CUNNINGHAM, HORTENSE McL. 


Louis B. 
S Mary Lee 


GAYLORD, Mr. RS. Ros 


Mrs. Homer T. 


HOLLY woop cates ay Society 
HoME GARDEN O 
INTER-COUNTY aes CLUB 


JACKSON, Mrs. WILLARD C. 
KIRKLEY, Mrs. R. é 
KonL, MartHa, M.D. 
L ANADA VALLEY GARDEN CLUB 
LANDSCAPING Socrer ETY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
NG, FREDERI M. a 
Las JARDINERA: 
LAWNDALE GARDEN CLUR 
‘OD " sa 
LinpROoTH, ERI 
LITTLE Gane: prvi OF PASADENA 
LITTLEFIE J. 
ORENZ, Buses J. 
Los ANGELES AUDUBON SocIETY 4 
Los ANGELES County MepicaL GaArpEN CLUB q 


Los ANGELES FLoraA Stupy 
Los Feiiz Woman’s CLus—Garden Section 
Lowman, C. L., M.D. 

Lunpquist, Mrs. G. 
MACFARLAND, JOHN C. 
MACLEISH, M 


Martin, SAN 
Marurfas, Dr. MILDRED 


AUTUMN 1952 


MICHILLINDA sit maaan Woman’s CLiun— 
Garden Sect 


ORGAN, Dr. M VAN 
MOTHERSHEAD, Mrs. M. M. 

UNRO, Mrs ILLIAM B, 
McCoLLuM, CATHERINE M. 
McGan, Mr, anp Kaeo Patead bt 
McGee, Mrs, _Wiuam H; 
McRoy, Ror L. 
NATION SIA Society 


B 
PASADENA UBLIC LIBRA 
PEIRCE, N L, 
PLANTER’S GARDE 


CLuB 
RaNcHO gele FE GARDEN CLUB 
RAYMOND, JULI 
F. 


SCHREGARD ah are 

ScHuUCHarpT, WILLIA 

ScHWwartz sag _Marq 

Scorigr M arr vig gant a N. 
Scorr, Pau. 

SEEDERS & WEEDERS GARDEN CLUZ 


SEIBERT, Mr. A AND Mrs. Erwin W. 
RS. RUSSELL J. 
Ss F. 


OUTH PASADENA GARD N CLus 
SOUTHERN CALIFORNI 4 Cabal LLIA SOCIET 
S ERN Cauimonsta HortTICULTURAL ietvon 
STINGLE, GEo rE A, 
DY, at) 3 


Tha ae Ra 
THoMpson, pi SER. 
THE TILL 

fy 


M 
E Ciry ad pence S CLUB—Garden Section 
LPH S. 


ELLBORN, Mrs, LEILA 
WELLBOURN, Dr. AND Mrs. O. C. 


ee, 
Younc, Me 3 AND vat ARCHIBALD B, 


| ANNUAL spear 


AN 


Bent, AVERY B, 
Boncrr, Howarp 


BopMAN, Mrs. Epwarp W. 
RE, 


Enest 


FARNHAM, GeEorGE J. 
Forrey, Ropert = 
FRAZER, JAMES 
GILLESPIE mas 
GRIFFITH, M 


M 
aren PAUL 
WE 


F 
McDow.E Lt, Pages 


VER, 

OWENS, mtx 

PARKS, ive asere: R. 
ER, . RALP 


RICHARDSON, m AND Mrs. Water L. 
ROEWEKAMP, Frep W. 
SAKAI, Miss Rose 

UN RA 


SULLIVAN, MARGARET 
SyMMEs, MABE 
THOMAS, Mrs. Rose i 
THORPE R, CHARLES H, 
TRAUB, FREDERI 
Troy, . JOHN J. 
VON SCHLEGELL, ABIGAIL 
WAGANE RS. ETHEL MAE 
WALKER, WINS y M. 
WATSON, FIGH F. 
WHITE, Mrs. ‘Gapane CossiTT 
WHITE, GEORGE 
WILKEs, ery 

WINKLER, . HeNrY O. 


wane: patie C. 


ibe eS 


24 ne LASCA LCRAVES 


WooLey, DonALD P. OysAl VALLEY GARDEN CLUB 
Yaros, Mrs. A Orcutt, Mrs. WILLIAM WARREN 
PADDOCK, ite: CHARLES W. 

BAILEY, WILB D. Banos Sati ANITA RESIDENT’S ASS’N. 
BASKERVILLE, Mrs. Mary E. Sa F s’N 
Bauer, Mrs. RY J. San Martno GARDEN CLUB 

H, Mrs. NKLI SHEARER, Mrs. WILLIAM D. 
Boswe.., Mrs. Jam STANTON, Mrs. For 
Bouton, Mrs. SHERMAN Hoy Wiisici ARDEN. CL 
CALIFORNIA FEDERATION OF WOMEN’S CLUBS— 

t 


Douc.ias, Mr. J. F. 
CASAMAJOR, Mr. ROBERT umpHrigs, Mr. E. E 
CHANDLER, NORMAN O’BRIEN, GEORGE J 
8} CHASE ESTATES ‘gmantet CLUB Rosecrans, W. S, 
Coo.ipce R. oe Tt GARDEN 
CORNELL, ira FOU 


NDER: 
MENNINGER, Mr. & — E. w. 
VERDOORN, Dr. FRA 


Secs ie = 2 Avnes, Dr. SAMUEL, JR. 
KARBINER, Mr. FRANCIS WM. YRES, Mrs. SAMUEL, JR. 
ERN, GEorcE A, Set Mrs. RicHarD Y 
KRUCKEBERG, ARTHUR W. FLEMING, Mrs. THOMAS 
LoEL, WAYNE MEYBERG, MANFRED 
Los ANGELES see a CLuB MosHerR, SAMUEL B. 
Lowry, Mrs. G. PATTERSON, Mrs. THERESA HOMET 
Senin: Howarpb “4 QUATTLEBAUM, W. DAN 
_ MILLER, Morris VE RN, Mrs. J. G 
MILLIKAN, Pror. CLARK B. WHITE, DonaALp M. 
‘ AND Mrs. Guy R. 


NATIVE DAUGHTERS OF THE GOLDEN WeEST— e 
Pasadena in rlor No. 290 HONORARY LIFE: 
NICKERSON, Lux, Dr. GEorce P. 


California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., 


and has provided for research projects of 
interest to the County. 


intenance and operational funds _ 
ted t ise 
ships, donations, endowments, an ifts. 


All contributions are eager under 
Federal Income Tax Law 


a 


MEMBERSHIP 
Annual Associate Membership cosa $ 5.00 
Annual Membershit 10.00 
Annual Contributing Membership... 2... 25.00 
Annual Sustaining Membership......................-.-..-..-. 100.00 
Annual Sponsor Membership.......2.....-..--1.cs-sse-es00 250.00 
Life Membership 500.00 
Founders 1000.00 or more 
Benefactors .-- 5000.00 or more 


CLUB MEMBERSHIPS are available, at any amount, 
from $10 a year or more. 


ALL CONTRIBUTIONS DEDUCTIBLE UNDER 
FEDERAL INCOME Tax Law: 


Checks should be made payable to the California Arboretum 
Foundation, Inc., and sent to our headquarters at 291 North 
Old Ranch Road, Arcadia, Calif. Phone DOuglas 7-3444. 
Donations for Historical Restorations should be made pay- 
able to California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., Historical 
Fund. ve 


The Los Angeles State and County Arboretum is 
operated by California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., a 
non-profit corporation. The Foundation is developing and 
managing the Arboretum under an agreement with the 
Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. Title to the 
120 acres of property is in the State of California, which 
has leased it to Los Angeles County for fifty years. 
Construction operations are actively commenced by the 
County of Los Angeles in accordance with the master 
plan of the Foundation. Because of safety hazards the 
Arboretum is closed to the public during construction. 
Interested clubs may arrange for group conducted tours 
of the grounds by calling the Arboretum Office, DOuglas 
17-3444, 


ERATED By 
CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FouNnpbaTion, Inc. 


— 


LasCa 
Leaves 


CALIFORNIA 


a lM Ml =. ~—— 
<a 


_—_ ablogyy Re < 


os 


4 


~ 
< 
Z. 
pe 
a 
O 
—, 
> 
—] 
a4 
ea) 
Loy 
ae 
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“ GA RDEN Ul BR 


any Winter 


3 BOARD OF TRUSTEES 
CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATIONS, INC. 


De ae Bee Pree ae a ck President 
Mrs. Harry J; Bauer =... as’. Vice-President 
Robert Casamajor . Se ee Vice-President 
Pome 8 uel ee i ew Preashrer 
Mrs. Lawrence Barker William Hertrich 
Manchester Boddy John C. Macfarland 

Ralph D. Cornell Samuel B. Mosher 


Mrs. Richard Y. Dakin Mrs. William D. Shearer 
Mrs. Thomas Fleming Dr. Frits W. Went 
John Anson Ford, Ex-Officio 


HONORARY TRUSTEES 
Mrs. J. E. Harton 
Charles S. Jones 
Fred W. Roewekamp 
Roy F. Wilcox 
(Founded Through the Efforts of the 
Southern California Horticultural Institute) 


LOS ANGELES S!AtE« ARBORETUM 


STAFF 

Dr. R. J. SEIBERT Director 
GEORGE H. SPALDING Su perintend 

Louts B. MARTIN . Research Assistant 
Ww OUING BUCKS ce ee Propagator 
J. THoMAs McGan........ Plant Recorder 
Dewey E. NELSON Custodian 
THELMA G. BLANCHARD Secretary 


JANET WSIGHT occ: Research 

and Library (Part time) 
HONORARY STAFF 

WEACICE “BLOCK nek Director of Restorations 

Dr. GEORGE P. Lux..........Curator, Lux Arboretum Annex 

W. DAN QUATTLEBAUM..............Ornithological Consultant 


LASCA LEAVES 


Quarterly Journal of the 


LOS ANGELES 


STATE and 
COUNTY 


ARBORETUM 


A CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC. PUBLICATION 
R. J. SEIBERT, Editor 


VOL. III 


JANUARY, 1953 


No. 1 


THE LASCA LIBRARY 


Janet Wrighi 


“The only true equalizers in the world are books... 


_Even “dirt gardeners” need books from 
time to time. It m e only a seed cata- 
logue, but when it is wanted it is wanted 


retum are horticultural. L. H. Bailey in his 
definition of “horticulture” reminds us of 


o the smaller realm of gardening 
r the Anglo-Saxon gyrdan, to inclose). 
qu mologically horticulture (hortus, gar- 
en; colere, to care for, or cultivate) and 
gardening are equivalent; but usage of 


‘abil i practice of operation have 

rought about the distinction we recog 

re oday: horticulture embracing opera 

on within an losu large scale 

os plant nurseries, botanical gardens, 

arboretums); while gardening refers to 
€ of home gro 


Botany, the science of plants, may also 
ate! to em horticulture—or vice 
hoe epending upon the viewpoint But 

; other begins is 

€ point of distinction than a 
otanist and horti- 


_ Why do these definitions affect the set- 
up of a libra eo, 1s not 


Bape ry in this coun- 
» the library of the Massachusetts Hor- 


nm” 


to be properly flexible toward meeting de- 

n it by “a mixed profes- 

sional and amateur clientele’—similar to 

that which will one day use LASCA 
Library. 

Miss Dorothy Manks, Librarian of the 


ticipation of the nee 
library of this institution. So well did it 
meet these anticipated demands that in 
adapted form it was adopted as the 
scheme for LASCA Library. 

For both present and future reference, 
the divisions of this scheme are roughly 
outlined below: 


to compendiums, horticultural socie 
ties, exhibitions, yearbooks, biblio 
graphies; encyc dias, catalogues, 
seed lists; nursery management, pro 


pagation, cultural techniques, research 
methods, history. 


B. ORNAMENTAL PLANTS—CULTURE: 


greenhouse techniques and other in- 
door culture; floriculture; garden and 
plant types; monographs (e.g. lilies, 
dahlias, orchids, etc.) 


cluding chemical culture, processing 
(dehydration, freezing, ket- 
i . stem, root, leaf, 
garden- 
ing; fruit culture, special techniques; 


EASCA 


LEAVES 


o 


a 


M 


fruit types (pome, nuts, berries, eee 
etc.); monographs; cereals, sh pina nie rops. 


rvation; 


APE ‘ipaiay aap ceemn ga pro- 


haracters 
ecological conditions; structures; 
dens of all countri a 

TAN laboratory manuals, h 
baria; teaching rethoda: history, bibli- 


gar- 


ematic works; 
alphabetically 


nt ge sgran hy; arrange- 


. FLORA: Pla 
ment Seige gamtanepeed by country in each 


F 


Zz 


Ao) 


<4” 


contine 
peieniky SCIENCES: metallurgy, 
meteorology; soil sciences; plant health 


(environment factors, diseases, plant 
protection). 
GENERAL SCIENCES: mathematica ] 
and physical sciences; biological sci- 
ences, natural history; anthropology 
. SOCIAL SCIENCES; ECONOMICS: 
administration, overnment, _ legisla- 
tion; economics, education: home and 
community. 
LITERATURE: essays; ect legends 
and mythology; miscellan 
FINE ARTS: palate ‘and materials; 
plants in art; architec 
BIOLOGRAPH prey "AUTOBIO- 
GRAPHY: collective, individual. 
TRAVEL: including plant hunting, 


(reports of scientific results classed 
with flora, or plant family); eS 
accounts of experiences in other coun- 
tries, impressions; maps, a 


X. GENERAL REFERENCE: general bi- 


than plants); institutions (other than 
botanical); miscellany 


S (or SERIALS) 
as arrangemen 


“The art of knowing what to leave un- 
done is quite as important as the art of 
wha to do’ is a maxim pa 

tently applicable in a librarian’s work, for 
the field of operation etimes ap- 
pallingly elastic. Shelves are likely to be- 
come burde 


hold the nugget of inioemation that a re- | 
an effort to track i 


another scholar, have been warmly grate- | 
fu m. 


3 ard catalogue of LASCA Library 1s — 
still “ate process of being even roughly ade- 

uate. The ee classifying and cata- 

joguing of books 


not yet come into its own by vi ‘iva of 
having a full-time trained Librariait in 
Lr ammoth an undertak 


ing as the birth of a botanical garden is 
arboretum is in process, it and all of Its 


cells, into ultimate significa 
brary is in an embryon 


nic but healthy state | 


ously an educated man, even @ | 

very highly educated man, must be con 
ent in the main with a giodeat and wisé 

testa” 


WINTER 


A a 3 


FIRST OF THE PERMANENT ARBORETUM BUILDINGS 


Our cover illustration proudly presents 
the first of our permanent new buildings 


_the other Arboretum buildings which 


tending south to the future main entrance 
to the Arboret 
This lath house i is constructed of alumi- 


h 
and 12’ high 
the 8’ tall section comprised our original 
unit built in August 1949. During the 


period of its use, very cae crise results 
hav d; 


Fu oe the unit was both easy and 
economical to move to 
and ane it to the new section baci 
a minimum of structural problem 

area on which the new ‘ath house 
is constructed provides  suffici 
for the future adding of anothe 
unit when such additional facilities shall 


south to the present temporary entrance 
to the grounds 


A POLYPLOID FORM OF FELICIA AMELLOIDES: 
Developed with Colchicine 
W. Quinn Buck 


Early in January of pata oe of 
Felicia amelloides e di- 


April,. the more wt affected ones 
ow. 


and more bristly; the growth was <a 
a d the ma plants were larger 
lowering of these affected plants was 


flowers until the cool days of November, 
at which eee ei / began to show their 
true flower charac 


Poien 5 produced fe two plants selected 


# Polyploid strain from which selections 
b r colo d flower and plant types can 
© mad hese two clones will be pro- 


Pagated from cuttings to give additional 
Plants from which to grow seed. 


Upper flower is from a normal diploid form 
of FELICIA AMELLOIDES; lower flower 
is from one of selected colchicine-induced 
polyploids. 


EAS CA LE AVES 


Typical Examples of Transparent Plastic Labels as attached to trees in the Los 
os Angeles State and County Arboretum 


WINTER 


Ly > 3 5 


SOMETHING DIFFERENT IN TREE LABELS 
Russell J. Seibert 


e question of materials for the prep- 


b s 
torily. Types ne riebele in common usage 
(e) not answer all scores-of-perfect from 
viewpoint of serviceability, economy, 
ihe oa legibility, beauty or aesthetic 


In most cases, the label that could be 
considered satisfactory in all other re 


0 produce an over-all effect wholly 
unattractive. 


It was perhaps ten years ago that the 
writer was impressed wi 
labels in use at the Fairchild Tropical 
Garden in southern Florida. So e 
bie these engraved lucite inbele from 

e standpoint of legibility as well as = 
obstrusive aspect that decision was ma 
2 investigate this material prod whee 

Ime and opportunity perm 
wick Arboretum Foundation provided 
ch an opportunity when it agreed that 


proceeds from the Tour of Ranchos and 


cutting and engraving o 
for the trees and shrubs on the Arbore- 
tum Pe s 

engraving machine now in use ec 
sists of an electric-driven cutter attached 
ograph from which co 


The lett 
of cetratted light which makes them s 
al. Examples of t abels now being 
put into use at ne Arboreeel are illus- 
fated in the accompanying plate 
The same pantograph cutter 


used to make a variety of types of labels 
bes LOR ia ated astic, wood, so 
metal, ete.— a 


the particular specimens labelle 


A KEEPSAKE 


; Frans Verdoorn announces that the 
following is available free, on request, 
Tom the Chronica Botanica Co., Waltham, 
Massachusetts: 

“My Great Oak a a other Poems” 
by Liberty ae Bai 


- plants “ 
of them man and horticulturist. An inkling 


How tired the tropic seemed 
tired as one who slept and dreamed! 


And then there breathed a witching day 
When old growths went and new growths 
me 


Like a verdant brooding flame, 

And pulses crept; 

The bamboos melted at their tips 

And new tastes mounted to the lips, 
e 


Joined sky and earth and all between, 
And senses roused in bush and lakes 
As one so gently gently Lanier 
He had not known he slept 

“Undertone,” the last poem ssoeee Lon. 
Bailey’s philosophy: 
“The peace of the winds is my undertone— 
I move with the crowd, but I live alone.” 


6 EA SCA 


LEAVES 


NOVEMBER PROMISE 
H. H. Benson 


Yesterday it rained—and everywhere 

A joyous rhythm seemed to wake 

Within each tired blade of grass— 

The flushed and eager urge of Spring, 
For now at last 

Their thirsty days were done. 


Then hopefully, ’neath clearing skies 
A grateful world takes heart again, 
And every tree and lowly bush 


GROWING NOTES 
George H. 


One of the most interesting phases of 
our program at Los Angeles State and 
growing and 
testing of new plants from all over the 


=a 
3 
> 
~ 
+ 
g 
e 
ou 


stock them reac ag availability will en- 
rich your gar 


Scaiaa nan 


Dombey s named in hon- 
or of Joseph tomes, Ay Preied botanist 


of Southern California at 
least, ‘(Atcadia) some species are decidu- 
Ss or semi-evergreen. 


seed came from e National Botanical 
Garden, Kitstenbooch, South Afric 
0 i 


were carrie pe in cans an out in 
the spring of 1952. (The first winter they 
were kept in the greenhouse). In fact one 
bloomed in a gallon can in the green- 
house. At the present writing (Heseaber 
1952), plants set in permanent position 


Seems washed and clean 
And proudly stands 
Holding bright faces toward the sun. 


The distant mountains’ somber heights 

All seem alive with shadowy shapes 

As overhead the tumbling clouds 

Play hide and seek with wind and sun, 
hey too are 

That yesterday—it rained! 


satiate tie a tities — 


Spalding 


last spring are six to seven feet high and 
and are full 


Kh 

o 

o 
- 


ot 
= 
o 
= 


ating the desire to examine the 
nstances the flow: 


te frost 
winter, con 
However, no perm dama. 
oe bi > plants rosoverel oP E 


= oa 
1950 in our usual 


WINTER 


Be gm Pate rs 


S.r. 50-50). It germinated in fifteen days 
and the seedlings came 
ly. Plants were set out in the field nur- 
sery in May 1951 and at the present writ- 
ing are clothed with foliage from the 
ground up and have a very pleasing 
nded shape. The foliage is a rich plum- 


© 
outstanding orna- 
mentals for Southern California gardens. 
We recommend it hi ighly 


Nie} 
Fh 
as 
D> 
) 


Goodia lotifolia 
The us Goodia consists of two ever- 
green paar and belongs to the Pea fam- 


ily (Leguminosae). It is native to Austra 
lia a a 


Australia was planted in November 
After being given the boiling water treat- 
ment, (see Lasca Leaves Vol. I, No. 1, p. 7), 
germination started in seven to ten days. 
The plants were planted in the field nur- 
sery in October 1951. Growth was only 
fair in cans but when planted out in the 
ground it was excellent. One fact estab- 
lished in growing Gcodia lotifolia is that 
in containers watering is most important; 
overwatering is disastrous, also the plants 
should be planted out as soon as possible. 
In 1952 the field plants had reached a size 
of four to five feet high and four feet. 
wide. They were loaded with small pale 
yellow pea-like flowers for about a month 
to six weeks. It is not a spectacular shrub 
but an excellent foliage subject and very 
attractive in bloom. No frost damage oc- 
curred at 27°. Maximum height is sup- 
posed to be six feet. 


ACACIA SALIGNA 
Golden Wreath Wattle 


Acacia is a very old name in botany and 
Was used b 
h 


q popes of our most beautiful flowering 
Tees and shrubs are found in this genus. 

Acacia saligna is one of the sustaining 
rete for beauty. ti 


wide with seinggorice tee rounded heads. The 
g plan eed be kept free of 


make for better growth and earlier flow- 


- ering of many species. A. saligna responds 


to good care. 


8 LACS CoA 


LEAVES 


ACACIA VESTITA 


Hairy 

s acacia is one of the writer’s fav- 

s. The foliage resembles that of A 
cultriformis b ar t lant is far 
graceful in habit of growth. Its other 

mon name ‘Weeping Boree’’ is very 


descriptive. 
Seed received from Australia was plant- 
ed in April 1950 after being given the 


1951. Two plants 
he base ey a large Eucalyp- 
es globulus ea thre 

behavior “ot 


the plants n he Eucalyptus glebulus 
are approximately five to six feet high 


LASCA 


Readers of LASCA Leaves will be in- 
nic rae to note that plans are being for- 

mulat wherein the Sou thern California 
Horticultural Institute 

California Arbor 

Inc. to eeuaind the cat of this publi- 
cation. 

Recollection will be made that it was 
through the efforts of Southern Califor- 


Wattle 


and nearly as wide. They have a grace- 
ful weeping form and are loaded with 
flower buds. The color is good and the 


provided but here 
undoubtedly absorbed mo 
ree Stinks of « 


from other plants. These p 
f to three feet ta 
about as olor is poor and 
there are quite a few dead branches on 
the plants. 


e conclusions we have drawn from 


the above facts are that Acacia 

grows best in a hot sunny loc ith 
to uch water. P bly an open 

paces soil is ae but it is probably toler- 
of heavier soils if watering is de- 


eet Ecorse 


LEAVES 


nia ser rrieg ere rally that the Los An- 


geles Sta i 
f Thos : ree ow seems appro: 
priate that the two closely linked institu 
t combine 


eH ied’ on in southern chitoenie. 


IN MEMORY 


ohn Francis Douglas 


October 30, 


Devoted Trustee and 
Chairman of the Finance Committee 


California Arboretum Foundation, Inc. 


1874 - November 29, 


1952 


: 


unty jee tantee was @ 


ee 


ahd yaa oe 


a Le ne ee a 


ae Oe ee 


MEMBERSHIP 


Annual Associate Membership Ae Le cerns ite ele ae $< 5:00 
Annual Membershir ; 10.00 
Annual Contributing Membership.........00..-.......... 25.00 
Annual Sustaining Membership..........000000......... 100.00 
Annual Sponsor Membership..............-..--2-..2------------ 250.00 
Life Membership <. 500.00 
Founders........ 1000.00 or more 
Benefactors .. 5000.00 or more 


CLUB MEMBERSHIPS are available, at any amount, 
from $10 a year or more. 


ALL CONTRIBUTIONS DEDUCTIBLE UNDER 
FEDERAL INCOME TAX Law: 


Checks should be made payable to the California Arboretum 
Foundation, Inc., and sent to our headquarters at 291 North 
Old Ranch Road, Arcadia, Calif. Phone DOuglas 7-3444. 
Donations for Historical Restorations should be made pay- 
able to California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., Historical 
Fund. 


The Los Angeles State and County Arboretum is 
operated by California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., a 
non-profit corporation. The Foundation is developing and 
managing the Arboretum under an agreement with the 
Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. Title to the 
120 acres of property is in the State of California, which 
has leased it to Los Angeles County for fifty years. 
Construction operations are actively commenced by the 
County of Los Angeles in accordance with the master 
plan of the Foundation. Because of safety hazards the 
Arboretum is closed to the public during construction. 
Interested clubs may arrange for group conducted tours 
of the grounds by calling the Arboretum Office, DOuglas 
7-3444. 


CaALisornia ARBORETUM FounpbatTion, Inc. 
. 


ANNOUNCING 


Lasca 
Leaves 


as the Official Publication of the 


Pc 


CALIFORNIA 


Southern California Horticultural Institute 


and the 


) ml 
<< 
Za 
fad 
i) 
e 
— 
> 
pad 
a 
pL) 

So 

ns? 

<< 

a 
@; 


California Arboretum Foundation, Inc. 


< , cy BOTAN 
3 ae 
o- MAR 20 1958 SPRING 1953 
J? 


Vol. III, No. 2V 


CARDEN ert 


SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURAL INSTITUTE 


OFFICERS 1953 


Pe ee Kies eh ts ee es Frep W, ROEWEKAMP 
WEI ee a es os led Sek Fe RALPH H. CORNELL 
ee Pe ae ee Se GEORGE H. SPALDING 
le oo on ek es pb es KENNETH BISHOP 


BOARD OF DIRECTORS 


WILLIAM BERESFORD EARLE E. HUMPHRIES 

MANCHESTER Boppy MILDRED E, MATHIAS 

HowarD BODGER ALFRED W. ROBERTS 

PHILLIP CHANDLER VERNON S. STOUTEMEYER 

Percy C, EVERETT RONALD B. TOWNSEND 
RICHARD WESTCOTT 


ADVISORY COUNCIL 


Dr. SAMUEL AyRES, JR. Murray C. MCNEIL 
ROBERT CASAMA JOR MANFRED MEYBERG 
Henry R, Davis LOVELL SWISHER, JR. 
HUGH Evans Roy F. WILcox 
MEMBERSHIPS 
WU ME e e e $ 5.00 year 
ROP IUD ee eee ie ke 5.00 year 
Associate (for individual in member group only)... 2.00 year 
OO WHEE ie ie es 25.00 year 
Corasieercial MRMMNRT ste 50.00 year 
USD IPINORE es eas eo a ee 50.00 year 
BAe PCI a ee 500.00 year 


Ask the Secretary about privileges of each membership class. 


MEETINGs: 3rd Thursday each month at Park and Recreation Building. 


18th and Toberman Streets, Los Angeles, California 


ADDRESS 
Box 688—Arcadia—California 
Telephone DOuglas 7-3444 


—_ seiatinea 


LASCA LEAVES 


EDITORIAL COMMITTEE 


ROBERT CASAMAJOR MILDRED MATHIAS 
PHILLIP CHANDLER PHILip A. MUNZ 
WILLIAM HERTRICH RUSSELL J. SEIBERT 


EDITORIAL BOARD 
Arboretums and Botanical Garden 
Northern te a McCLINTOCK 
Santa Barbara—Dr. KATHERINE K. MULLER 
Southern California—RONALD B. TOWNSEND 


EBoonomic Plants 05855 2. le ace fae ok Dr. RUSSELL J. SEIBERT 
Geo-botany , faa Plant Patents ee Dr. Louis C. WHEELER 
Histoticth cca eee ea Mrs. RicHaRD Y. D 
phanensiaets LoS yeh Glee cut ohne eae VERNON T. STOUTEMEYER 
Landscape Design .25:556 034 6 Oe RALPH D. CORNELL 
Native a Fight 6252. Se Rcy C. EVERETT 
Schidg So a ee ee eae ROBERT CASAMAJOR 
Ornithalonia! eR ce ae caper re Pace a ites W. DAN QUATTLEBAUM 
Plant: Miitetigh 2 are MILDRED Davis, PHILLIP CHANDLER 
Plait Pathology. otek s Nat as ios eee nee ly Dr. PIERRE MILLER 
Plant: Societiég- so ee eee GEORGE H. SPALDING 
Propagation nid U sich iui See cee es W. QUINN Buck 
Succialents 2 oe ee ean es Dr. ALFRED C. HoTTeEs 
Taxonomy of: Bxotiess eo. 5 ee cds Serre es Dr. MILDRED MATHIAS 
Taxonomy of Natives 60505, 3 oa Dr. Puiip A. MuNz 


JANET WRIGHT, Editor 


VoL. III APRIL, 1953 No. 2 


CONTENTS 
Southern California, “The Paradise of America”. .Samuel Ayres, Jr. 10 


Expanding Our Horticultural Horizons... .. . Fred W. Roewekamp 11 
California International Flower Show ....... Fred W. Roewekamp 12 

We. the Editor, ob it es ee eee 15 
The Homesite on Rancho Santa Anita....... Susanna Bryant Dakin 16 
Motes. atiowta! fi oe ey ee William Hertrich 17 
Hugh Evans: Planted). 32. Go, ks Cora R. Brandt 25 
Calendar Gun a ee x. 20k, 26 
Growing Note. 0/50: ee ge cag es George H. Spalding 29 
The Song of the Exhibitor......... to ee S. Reynolds Hole 30 
Names, Notes nd News 65-55 5 os i me i Oe 31 


DOOk Reviews Gan Comes aa cs 32 


10 LASCA LEAVES 


SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, 
“THE PARADISE OF AMERICA” 


SAMUEL AYRES, JR. 
President of the Board of Trustees, California Arboretum Foundation, Inc. 

The California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., in joining forces with the Southern 
California Horticultural Institute for the purpose of publishing an augmented Lasca 
Leaves, looks forward with anticipation to a new era of expanding interest in horticul- 
ture in Southern California. 

Since the Los Angeles State and County Arboretum was established through the 
efforts of the Institute in fulfillment of one of its major objectives, and since the activi- 
ties of both organizations revolve about the same central theme, it is only logical to 
draw upon the talents and resources of both groups in the publication of a first-class 
horticultural journal appealing to the interests and needs of this climatically unique area 
of the United States. 

As President of the Board of Trustees of California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., 1 
extend greetings to all readers of Lasca Leaves and cordially invite you to become 
permanent subscribers and members of the Arboretum. The Editor will have more to 
say regarding the specific plans for Lasca Leaves, and I am quite certain that no one 
who is interested in plants and gardening (and who in Southern California isn’t?) will 
want to miss a single issue. 

or those readers who are not already members of the Arboretum, I would say that 
the primary purpose in creating the Arboretum was to establish a botanic garden which 
would serve as a practical demonstration to all Southern California of the ornamental 
plants which can be successfully grown in this area, including both old and new intro- 
ductions, to the end that more beauty will find its way into our gardens, our parks, and 
along our streets and about our public buildings. With the proper selection and planting 
of suitable flowering trees and shrubs, an effect could be created which would compare 
favorably with the glamour of Hawaii, “The Paradise of the Pacific,” and which could 
easily earn for Southern California the title of ‘Paradise of America.’’ Most of those 
living in this area were not born here but came from regions of severe winters. Instead 
of yearning for the plants of ‘back east” which in many instances are not especially 
suited to this climatic zone, they should be stimulated to desire the more colorful and 
exotic plants which can be grown easily in Southern California and which can make 
this area distinctly and beautifully different from any other part of the country. : 
er the years many fine new species of plants have been introduced into California 
by private collectors and planted on large estates, only to be lost when the owner died 
or the estate was sold or subdivided. It is anticipated that the Arboretum will become 4 
permanent living exhibition of the best ornamental plants from all over the world 
which are adaptable to our conditions. ) 
e plantings in the Arboretum will be arranged both scientifically and artistically 19 
natural groupings and will be accurately labelled. Many interesting features are being 
formulated by Dr. Seibert, the Director. 
It is planned to utilize the Arboretum as a horticultural center for Southern Califor- 


under way and more will be undertaken as soon as construction permits. Speci 
emphasis will be placed on the introduction and study of ornamental plants with low — 
water requirements and on the problem of improving frost-tolerance. | 

The historical buildings on the property are being restored and will be preserved 4 _ 
mementos of the past. The Arboretum constitutes a natural bird sanctuary, and as in the ~ 
past, it will in the future continue to interest the Audubon Societies. 


SPRING 1953 11 


It is regretted that the Arboretum must remain closed to the public during the period 
of major construction. It is hoped that within another year or possibly a little more, it 
will be possible to open the grounds. In the meantime groups may be taken on con- 
ducted tours by special arrangements with the Director. 

Finally, although the capital improvements are being financed by the County of Los 
Angeles, there is a great need of additional funds for operation and development and 
for many special projects. Various classes of membership are available and include 
special privileges such as subscription to Lasca Leaves and other publications, par- 
ticipation in the annual distribution of surplus seeds and plants, etc. Donations and 
bequests for special projects and for the Endowment Fund would be most welcome. 

Lasca Leaves will keep you informed of the progress at the Arboretum and will 
include all that is new and interesting in the world of horticulture in Southern Cali- 
fornia with special articles prepared by experts in their respective fields as well as 
notices of special plant society meetings, flower shows, and other news notes. 


EXPANDING OUR HORTICULTURAL HORIZONS 
FRED W. ROEWEKAMP 
President, Southern California Horticultural Institute 

On November 6, 1935, a group of men filled with vision and ambition for the cul- 
tural growth of our beautiful Southland, banded together to promote an educational 
program for the advancement of interest in horticulture in Los Angeles communities. 
They realized the wealth of plant material to be brought to the attention of the average 
home-owner for individual pleasure as well as for civic benefit. Thus, quite simply, was 
born the Southern California Horticultural Institute. 

From its small beginning this organization has expanded to other projects, comple- 
menting one another. Much wishful thinking at first was done about a new botanic 
garden in the southland, about flower shows, plant societies, garden clubs, and a 
worthy horticultural publication to serve them all. ; 
eview of events of the past few years show that much has been accomplished in 
these fields. We are proud to recognize in the California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., 
a valuable step forward in the field of horticulture, and the publication, Lasca Leaves, 
which they started, is already an inspiration to its readers. ai ; 

In joining forces with the California Arboretum Foundation in augmenting this 
publication, we anticipate a broadening of both our mutual interests and the creation 
of a wider horizon for its readers. Lasca Leaves should prove to be a common 
meeting ground for the expression and dissemination of horticultural knowledge, and 
distinctly a benefit to members of both institutions. Through it we will learn of new 
work in progress and share the cultural pleasure and profit of being “plant pioneers. 

We who have long been working toward a more beauteous and colorful Southern 
California are well aware of the possibilities of our versatile climate and of the wealth 
of plant material therefore afforded us. And we realize that in our hands lies the horti- 
cultural education of our city residents, as well as the promoting of pride in our city 
beautification program. ae 

€ look forward to the day when the Arboretum can share more fully in this by 
Opening its grounds to the public for both enjoyment and educational benefits. Those 

0 to some extent are familiar with these grounds pronounce them beautiful ; those 
Who have not yet seen them have indeed a treat in store, because of its appeal to nature 
lovers, because of its wonderful possibilities horticulturally, and because of the historic 
interest imbedded there. 

he common goal of helping to create beauty will bring its own reward of happiness 
© all who participate in these combined purposes of the Southern California Horti- 
cultural Institute and California Arboretum Foundation. 


ee 


LASCA LEAVES 


\ 


CALIFORNIA INTERNATIONAL FLOWER SHOW 
FRED W. 
FALL of 1946 William A. Rod- 


IN THE 
man, formerly general manager of ‘‘Gar- 
dens on Parade’’ at the New World’s 
Wilcox, prominent 
nurseryman Montebello, California, 
conferred about the possibility of staging 
a large flower show in Los Angeles or 
vicinity. Spring of 1948 was the date 
envisioned for its inception. 

As a founder and director of Holly- 
wood Turf Club, Mr. Wilcox arranged a 
meeting between Mr. Rodman and two 
officers of the club, Mr. J. F. Mackenzie, 
General Manager, and Mr. J. D. Stewart, 
Assistant General Manager. The result was 


Flower Show the spring of 1949. Ap- 


ROEWEKAMP 


proval was voted offering buildings and 
facilities eRe rental fees. 

Meanw as tentative plans went 
ahead, sareies of the Southern California 
Horticultural Institute, Inc., an o the 
Southern California Floral Association 
met. The forming of a tates a Ex- 
ecutive Committee resulted, Wilcox 
elected to General Chairmanship. be 
Rodman, as General Manager. 0 
subsequent meetings came hae = Cali- 
fornia International Flower Show whos€ 
ith presentation this year oof be “_ 
bered among the leading flower shows 0 
the countr 

Nurserymen, pot- plant growers, 
scape architects, retail orists, 
clubs, and horticultural societies Sol 


and- 
anil 
ed 


SPRING 1953 $3 


much enthusiasm, and response for ex- 
hibiting space was most encouraging. An 
underwriting program of sound basis was 
planned. Guarantors could only be mem- 
bers in the industry and upward of $180,- 
000 was pledged for the opening show in 
194 


In 1950 all plans for a second show had 
to be abandoned because of a fire that had 
swept the buildings and grounds. But in 
1951 the structure had been rebuilt and 
the second show materialized, rivalling the 
first in both enthusiasm an 


e in order 
to match and try to surpass the previous 
exposition, and each year the Flower Show 
brings forth new wonders. This miracle is 
wrought by men and women who love the 
beauty of flowers and gardens, and who 
are willing to devote months of work and 
planning to make this show one of the 
finest exhibitions in the world. 

As you enter the Exhibition buildings, 
y will un- 


Nurserymen, cut-flower and orchid grow- 
ers, retail florists and garden clubs, as well 
as horticultural societies, conspire to sur- 
pass their past offerings and successes. 
Floral material used in the displays will 
consist of flowers, flowering shrubs and 
trees, cactus and succulent plants, dwarf, 
potted and tropical plants, and an esti- 
mated 50,000 orchids of all types. Anthur- 
tums in full bloom, several thousand tulips, 
lily-of-the-valley, daffodils, roses, cinera- 


azaleas, as well as the orchids dispersed 
among many of the exhibits will be major 
features in the exhi iting. 

Feature gardens are expected to be more 
beautiful than ever before and will be 


greater in number. Thirty-eight such gar- 
dens will run the gamut of ideas: wood- 
land and tropical; patio and outdoor liv- 
ing-rooms; backyard gardens; landscaped 
homes ; water gardens and the use of pools 
and waterfalls; and many other beautiful 
and unusual treatments to challenge the 


viewers’ interests. One nursery is con- 
structing a completely landscaped New 
England village. 


This year the entire floor plan is altered. 
Exhibits are set in winding walk-ways 
rather than in long, straight aisles as in 
the past. This permits designers and land- 
scape architects opportunity to give all 
exhibits fuller visibility and better scope 
for striking displays. The first floor of the 
exhibition will again house the spectacular 
gardens, international exhibits, garden 
club and floral society exhibits, private es- 
tate exhibits, the shopping center, infor- 
mation booth, cafeteria and side-walk 
cafe. The Education Group, formerly rep- 
resented on the second floor, has been as- 


schools, aboreta, museums, and confer- 
ences, will again present a splendid show- 
ing of informative displays; in addition, 


organization, “Los Angeles Beautiful.” 
The International Section this year 
fe) 


trade commissioners have been working to 
develop outstanding exhibits typical of 
their homelands. Spaces are already under 
construction for Canada, the Republic of 
China, Great Britain, Germany, Israel, 
Italy, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, 
Philippines, Spain, Sweden, and Switzer- 


and. 
Garden Clubs on Parade is the theme 


14 LASCA 
of the many clubs and societies that are 
staging area exhibits. Here, selected with 
discrimination from the very best, will be 
exquisite miniature-exhibits, numerous ar- 
tistic ower arrangements, specimen 
blooms, and a number of fully developed 
garden sections illustrating preferred uses 
of varied flowers, shrubs, flowering trees, 
and succulents. 

The ever-popular Shopping Center is 
enlarged considerably this year. A veri- 
table world’s fair of garden materials and 
aids, including all forms of potted plants, 
seeds and bulbs, tropicals and succulents, 
fertilizers and sprays, garden accessories, 
wall and fence materials, and decorative 
stone and brick work; plus a photographic 
supply studio carrying films and flash- 
bulbs as well as color transparencies of 
many of the exhibits, for souvenirs—all 
these and others may be found in the 
Shopping Center. 

During the evenings, the auditorium 
stage will be under the direction of the 
Women’s Division of the Los Angeles 
Chamber of Commerce. Again popular 
special events will be presented, includin 
songs, dances, and costumes of our foreign 
exhibitors. Golden Wedding Day, Ha- 
waiian Night, Garden Fashions, Photog- 
raphers’ Day and many more such events 
of past years will be matched by attractions 
of stellar quality. 

The Second Floor of the Flower Show 
will, as always, be the mecca of the true 
flower-lover and the horticulturist. There, 
vast exhibits of cut flowers, and the artistic 
and original presentations of retail florists, 

ill be found, as well as the most appeal- 
ing art exhibit yet presented by the Show, 
including an exhibit of some of the paint- 
ings of ‘Grandma Moses.” 

For the benefit of 


hibit and nine trophies will be awarde 
for merit in design and arrangement, cul- 


LEAVES 


tural excellence and beauty and originality 
of theme. Commercial Growers of Pot 
Plants, 20 classes with highest award 
$300; Commercial Growers of Orchids, 
11 classes with high award of $2,500. 
award for excellent plant 
material and skill in display. 

Cut Flowers, the schedule is for 
carnations, anemones, gardenias, gladio- 
lus, iris, daisies, larkspur, snapdragons, 
roses, tulips, bird-of-paradise, ranunculus, 
callas, stocks, delphinum, sweet peas, gen- 
eral displays and miscellaneous flowers, 
118 classes, awards up to $600. The Re- 
tail Florists Division will hold three sepa- 
rate stagings, 64 classes, with awards up to 
$750. for general theme displays. Garden 
Club entries will be divided into garden 
plots, flower arrangements, and miniature 
arrangements with nine awards up to 
$100 


<) 
i) 


A gold medal will be awarded to the 
most outstanding exhibit in the Retail 
Florists and Cut Flower Growers section. 


trophies for exceptional merit and design. 

An innovation of this year’s show will 
be the awarding of gold medals for the 
outstanding landscaped garden; for the 
best cut flower exhibit; or finest retail 
florist display. 

Preceding the official opening will be 
an invitational premiere on the evening of 
March 13, conducted by the - Assistance 
League of Southern California for the 
benefit of their charities. Information 
about this premiere can be obtained by 
calling the Assistance League office. 

Hollywood Park again provides the set- 
ting for this floral fairyland which will 
once more delight its wide audience. Each 
year the board of directors of the Holly- 
woo: urf Club contribute their total 
facilities to the Flower Show. The show 


parking area adjacent to the main build- 
ing; this assures ample space for even the 
busiest periods. 

e Show officially opens its doors at 
10:30 a.m. on Saturday, March 14, and 


7 
3 
3 


a i 


Pe ee ON Re RTT ee 


yee ae ee 


SPRING 1953 


remains open from 10:30 a.m. to 10:30 
p-m. through March 22. Admission charge 
is $1.00 for adults, 25c for children, plus 
tax. Public transportation will be provid- 
ed by Los Angeles Transit Company. 
General Chairman of the Show is Roy 
F. Wilcox, noted nurseryman of Monte- 
bello and Santa Barbara; Manfred Mey- 
berg of Los Angeles is executive chairman. 
William A. Rodman has been general 
manager of the Show since its inception. 
Attendance last year was recorded as 


15 


zations dedicated to the advancement of 
horticulture and floriculture in Southern 
California. It is endorsed by leading civic 
organizations. 

A featured garden of the International 
Flower Show this year will be presented 
by the Men’s Garden Club of Los Angeles, 
an authentic reproduction of the Corona- 
tion Coach to be used by Queen Elizabeth 
at the June Coronation in London. Ex- 
quisitely made in full color, the coach and 
equipage extends 35 feet in length and 


192,000; with expectation this year of 
exceeding 200,000. will be complete with eight horses, 18 


costumed attendants and a beautiful figure 
representing the Queen. The background 
setting will depict an English floral scene 
en route from Buckingham Palace to 
Westminster Abbey. 


‘ California 
Horticultural Institute, non-profit organi- 


“We’’—the Editor 


“We’’ refers chiefly to the advisory Editorial Committee of six members and to the 
able Editorial Board of some eighteen members. These offices are in no way a sinecure. 
for those individuals who hold them will serve readers of Lasca Leaves much of the 
meat to be offered in future issues. This panel of experts is not a closed corporation. 
Potential contributors from other parts of the world will be heartily welcomed as well 
as local scholars who may have significant experiences to share in the field of horticul- 
ture, Monographic material or sundry writings of either horticultural or botanical 
interest to Southern California will always receive the careful consideration of editor 
and board; and is herewith solicited. 

The various departments enjoined to serve the interests of our readers will gradually 
speak for themselves as they are developed into a measurable fund of knowledge and 
information in their respective fields. 

vi 4 4 


of the Huntington Botanical Gardens, on a subject closely in harmony with the Edu- 
cational Committee’s theme of the International Flower Show this year, as well as one 
which has made Mr. Hertrich’s name known around the globe; 3) a word portrait of 


One of the southland’s most eminent plantsmen, Mr. Hugh Evans. 


CONTRIBUTORS, NEXT ISSUE: 
Dr. Mildred Mathias—Dept. of Botany, 


Horticulture, University of Califronia at 
Los Angeles 

Dr. Philip Munz—Director, Santa Ana 
Botanic Garden, Claremont, California 


Dr, Arthur Schroeder—Dept. of Subtropical 
a 


University of California at Los Angeles 


utsery, Los Angeles 


LASCA LEAVES 


THE HOMESITE ON RANCHO SANTA ANITA 


SUSANNA BRYANT DAKIN 


THROUGH the centuries diverse individu- 
als have fallen in love with the beauty and 
bounty of Santa Anita. First to dwell in 
this ‘Place of Many Waters,” which they 
called Aleupkig-na, were Indians of Sho- 
shonean stock who built their jacales 
(brush huts) where the homesite always 
as been. Here the Gabrielinos lived a 
peaceful life for an uncounted number 
of years—entirely off the land. 

They fished in the spring-fed lake and 
ate a variety of small animals, birds, 
snakes and insects. Grasshoppers roasted 
on a stick they considered a delicacy. From 
trees and plants growing on the place 
came additional food, medicines, cleans- 
ers, clothing (the little that was needed in 


cooking- and storing- 
pots; feathers, stones and shells for uten- 
sils and ornaments. 

Hugo Reid, a subsequent dweller on 
the Santa Anita homesite, wrote some re- 
markably well informed and interesting 
“Letters on the Indians’’—first published 
in “The Los Angeles Star” during 1852. 
He, a Scot, was married to a Gabrielino 
woman of beauty and intelligence who 
told him legends of her people, taught 
him the language, and even gave him 
some of their more palatable recipes for 
publication. 

After study of the Indian diet and 
simple remedies prescribed by the medi- 
cine men (such as wild tobacco pills to 
cure fever), Reid concluded that “inas- 
much as syphilis was unknown, brandy 
and its associates unused, and high living 
at low ebb, their nosology was ve 
limited.” Due to diet, and possibly also 
to the fact that all food was eaten cold, 
“they carried their teeth perfect to the 


grave. 

Through the fearless pioneering of his 
Franciscan friars, the King of Spain ac- 
quired title to Alta California in 1769. 
Santa Anita came under ecclesiastical juris- 


diction as a mission rancho shortly after 
the establishment of San Gabriel Mission 
in 1771. Its status remained unchanged 
when Spanish rule in California gave way 
to Mexican in 1822. Administration of 
Santa Anita by mission padres continued 
until secularization was completed, in the 
late 1830's. The rancho was stocked with 
cattle, horses and sheep—and used purely 
as pasturage with no structures more per- 
manent than the identical jacales of Indian 
herdsmen. 

As a reward for the services of Reid’s 
Indian wife, formerly housekeeper at the 

issi fi ictori on Hugo 
were given Santa Anita by their friends 
the padres during the secularization pet!- 
od. In 1839, after becoming a Mexican 
citizen, Reid petitioned Governor Alvare- 
do for full and clear title, but did not re- 
ceived more than provisional title until 
1845. During that fateful year, Pio Pico 
made land grants hastily and indiscrimr- 
nately to his friends, before fleeing the 
American conquerors at the end o the 
Mexican war. The Mexican Governors 
last minute grants were disputed for many 
years in American courts. 


their early coastal trading days. 
dolor de corazén (with heartfelt sorrow) 
I do it,” said Reid of the sale, “for the 


situation is beautiful and the ground ¢M — 


joyable. 
(To be continued) 


SPRING 1953 17 


Large specimen 


San Marino, 


of Mes arborescens in the ae Botanical Gardens, 
Californi 


ALOES 


WILLIAM HERTRICH 


Curator Emeritus, Huntington Botanical Gardens 


he Educational ee of the 1953 
Cal lifornia International Flower Show is featur- 
ing South African Plants in Souter n California 
Gardens. Aloes are distinc tively native t 
ious regions of sas si a. 
follow ed in the arly um 


h Afri 
Mildred aioe to 
acquaint both stent pe home gardener with 
plants from be vast land which thrive also in 
Our own So yee 
The rie belong to the Lily family 
(Liliaceae). They are indigenous mostly 
to Sor _ Africa. Their distribution, how- 
tends over many f Africa 
ere Ethiopia and some we oe islands 
adjacent to the coast of Africa. Well over 
4a hundred and twe nty-five species are 
known in cultivation and perhaps three or 
four times as many varietie 
Many Aloes from South Africa wher- 


ever else established tend to maintain their 
flowering season as it occurs in their native 
habitat, which is from October through 
April. This is the spring and summer sea- 
son of South Africa while it is the fall and 
ate winter season of southern California. 
Consequently in the southern California 
area these plants produce their most 
abundant floral beauty during months of 
the year when gardens tend to lack the 
brilliant colors they provide—chiefly 
bright yellows, orange, and authoritative 
shades of red. The candelabra form of the 
flowering spikes when in full bloom adds 
handsomely to the floral beauty of this 
western part of the United States. For the 
most part Aloes withstand the winters in 
this area very well. Exceptions have been 
recorded in 1913, 1922, 1937 and 1949, 


— 


joes 


18 LASCA 
when temperatures fell to 24° F. or lower, 
and when age to flora of many kinds 
was due to the heavy frosts. 

Aloes thrive in almost any type of soil, 
but like the majority of plants they re- 
spond to good culture. They prefer an 


southward to San Diego. Most of the spe- 
cies grown in southern California gardens 
are hardy but a few can be grown with 
certain success only in the warmer coastal 
areas or other frost-free regions. The latter 


answer a variety of landscaping needs and 
would provide a flowering schedule from 
October to July, the peak of bloom coming 
in mid-winter. Judicious choice of the 
species and varieties now available in the 
trade would assure such a program. 


successfully in th 
forty years. Experience with them during 
this period indicates that it is advisable in 
this climate to renew or re 


ent parts of the world. The Mediterranean 


LEAVES 


region has supplied much of the stock, 
from both private gardens and commer- 
cial firms; the most notable source was the 
famed Lord Hanbury garden, La Mortola, 
in Ventimiglia, Italy. The writer obtained 
from there some exceedingly interesting 
additions to the Aloe collection he 
stock came from South African Botanical 
Gardens after contact had been made for 
mutual horticultural advantage. True 
species are not altogether easily secured 
unless seed is carefully collected from iso- 
lated specimens, because Aloes have a 
tendency toward cross-pollinization, aided 
by insects. Bagging is the usual method 
followed to prevent this. For sheer orna- 
mental use, however, many of the hybrid 
Aloes are not only acceptable but in some 
instances superior to true species—a fact 
demonstrable at the Huntington Gardens. 

ing the 18th century Aloes became 


be seen frequently on balconies or ter- 
races in the homes and gardens of the 
nobility. Southern California’s climate 1s 
closely similar to that of t € 


tive effects in the gardens here where suc- 
culents can form such a natural part of 
the landscaping scheme. 

At the turn of the present century vey 
few Aloes had found their way into south- 
ern California. The species chiefly grown 
at that time was Aloe arborescens, one 0 
the hardier and more ornamental species. 
Frequently it was found planted in the ol 
Mission gardens, particularly in San 
Diego, San Juan Capistrano, and Santa 
Barbara, where the coastal climate favors 
its growth and development. Aloe vera 1s 
another notable species in use at that time 
and earlier in the history of this country, 
possibly, in fact, the Aloe mentioned in 
earliest Greek and Roman histor when 
plants were valued for their therapeutic 
properties. The historic use of this spect€s 
forms an interesting study. It is a smoot 


and grey-green leaved plant with know? — 


| 
j 
j 
| 


SPRING 1953 17 


medicinal qualities in the leaves, especi- 
ally effective in the treatment of burns that 


fornia—a solid mass of them apparently 
washed into an Arroyo basin. 
A curious fact about young Aloe plants 


many of the mature Aloe plants having 
trunks from four to six inches in diam- 


time or afterwards. Thi 
chemists to figure out! 
Propagation of Aloes is a comparative- 
vs casy matter, either from seed, cuttings, 
‘visions, or adventitious rootings. Seed 


s is one for the 


from the majority of species is abundant 
and it germinates readily. Germination is 
accomplished most successfully in seed 
pans or flats. From such pans young seed- 
lings may be transplanted after a few 
months to containers allowing more room 
for the individual seedlings to develop; 
and from these containers, 
plants may be placed in an open fram 
ground bed with little overhead protec- 
tion. After approximately two years from 
seeding time, depending upon the species, 
the plants are usually strong enough to 


: fo) 
these seedlings will begin to bloom after 
the third year, others take from five to six 


Saf 


ears. 
A quicker method of propagation is by 
severing a portion of the plant including a 


how large the head taken for propagation 
use; in the experience of the Huntington 
Gardens, suk weighing as much as 
twenty to fifty pounds have been success- 
fully rooted. Especially adapted to this 
method are all species and varieties of the 
branching types (e.g. arborescens, 
ciliaris, plicatilis, Salm-Dyckiana, spinosis- 
sima, tenuior, striatula, and others of simi- . 
lar growth habits). This method is known 
as vegetative propagation. 


points immeasurably simplifies the (bi 
ure of propagation, for ivision 
quickly becomes a separate plant. 
Professional growers who take advant- 
age of the ease with which Aloes may be 
propagated have found that there is a 
market for thousands of them as seed- 
lings, used in conjunction with other suc- 


20 LASCA LEAVES 


Close-up of Aloe africana in the Huntington 


Botanical Gardens. A tall-flowering species. 


rriving in €x- 


pr, aan. for oh uses. Specie 
adaptab oO su treatment loe 
ferox, Marlothii, and rapestrs all of 


which form striking and o 
little plants in their ‘areal stages; the 
rate of growth is slow enough to be 
scponsnpdatina: 

great deal of variation as to size, 
form aad — occurs among floes. For 


undue watering device. Such a location is 
further improved, as far as Aloes are con- 


cerned, by raising the level of the ground 
above worn thus ae the adequate 
drainage they requi 
The listings of Mos below include 
species grown in the Huntington Gardens 
for many years, proving themselves suit- 
able to a variety of garden situations. 
Many more might be included were it not 
for the fact that experience has taught us 
that some are too tender for general use, 
in the light of the fact that we occasionally 
have very severe winters when heavy frosts 
can destroy, within forty-eight hours, land- 
scaping effects so carefully planned and 
created. Other species appear to pre efer 
more humid atmosphere than southern 
California affords in its inland valleys. 
Still others so closely resemble the listed 
items that there would be only duplication 
in effect. 
elaborate botanical description ac- 
companies this listing—only enough in- 
formation to guide the average horticul- 
turist in choosing the types of Aloes suit- 
able to his or her garden scheme. 
SMALL SPECIE 
Among the small ‘pecs I would re- 
commend the followin 
oe avistata—a favorite with many garden- 
ers from the sacle 19th century t the nei - 
perhaps because of the parti-cc pioced foliage, 
itself Flowers 
oma ia 


(see ee), but harc 
A. barbertoniae—a native « 
Eas Cae Transvaal where ene temperatures 
range from a minimum of F. Dense f0- 
) lea of reddish tinge over the 
gion ‘margin s er stalk to 3’ 
ft red to cor an with a noticeable 
ck are raceme 
cat es ra—formerly and antl fairl 
as A. age laos but now hoiding 
t t by discoverer, 
‘i a : somewhat rare type of 
eristics common to 
n cn decumbent stems 
form leaf clusters in rosette pattern. In its oa 
ground in well drained positions 


yf Barberton in the 


follows a curious habit of growth, the clun ae 
developing in circular or semi-circular forma- 

tion; if in semi-circle, the opening in the horse 
shoe u ually face st, according to the au 
roams accounts of G. W. Reynolds in his 
recently biahed monographic material on 
Aloes. iew section of this issue 


(See bas »%k Revi 
of Lasca Leaves). 


SPRING 1953 21 


A, Davyana—a dwarf plant bearing flower 
BE ier to a soaps! pas? spits blossoms in 
sun-burst effect at 

istan Sane ese rallied to A. mitraeformis 
described below 
e ead whi 
what straggling habit of 
growth; irregularly et Paya flower stalk 
inclines tow al the hor 

A. glauca—foliage eke tone self-described 
in spec name, (from glaucous, “with a blu- 
ish-white bloom” en); pale red 
a Ate ation. archi 


elie marg 


florescence of fade ddish s. Leaves 
spotted white with broad cae ape es nds ; in 
dense rosette pattern; each be lon 

with marginal tan or pinkis ers “Native 


grows best when protected pe all-day 


humilis—tends to gr 
of = ants ; ute foliage see rosette 
blue-gree a i nflorescence abou tall, 
re : 


E Boor 


orm, 
scarlet 


ar with bright valine 


' 3 igma—itte ularly spotted leaves 
with whitch “H”’ sha ea gs aiines: ndividu- 
ally about 10” in len pea inflorescence to 30” 
tall, single flowers orange-red g from 
deeper red buds, with blue- “arey tips. 

: a ormis—hardy mewhat sprawl 

5 ing plant; tiangular-shaped brittle eaves; 
bea ae inflorescence of deep reddish rose. 

pect plants if undisturbed cover a areas 
mudenensis—of Saponaria group (see be- 

: ow) oe e of Muden, Natal; br instore ard 
es of orange-red to o salmon-orange flowe s, the 


ull whens to te them. 
—nam d ne Miss Alice 

"Tr aves on rocky 
- Compact, globular, like a loose 


pic color, the opened flowers becomin 
st chartreuse, accented by purple fiigeniciad 


A. pratensis—small bushy plant; glaucous 
foliage; to 12” in height. Short a ee 
flowers a soft orange with green t Propa- 
rs 


its medicinal Sie dal (6.2. 
fadigestions of howls diseases of calves, open 
wounds of live sto tock). speciale he fe broad 
flat heads of numerous soft ii sa 
flowers. A small hardy plant to abou 

ele in foliage which is soft tone of pars 


natives use it for 


wers in lax racemes. Leaves occur 
ranks as three, gracefully clustered, individual 
shar ape; dark g with white 

long mis in transverse band. Especially strike 
t, and does well in ground wher 


wering—a 


Atlantic 


Indian Ocean in the east,”’ 


at L 

repeat gia ns and wana ave been estab- 

ished. It is a variable ecies, differing greatly 
rm 


i) 
ao. 
oa) 
5 
35 
, aa 
* 
co 
wn 
rm 
a 

Poole 
_— 
i 
wn 
p 
Oo 
can) 
om 
a 
oe 
o 
Qa. 


n color and form a difenot localities. Freely 
suckering, it s dense groups; the foliage 

arked with ural whitish pots carries a pur- 
plish tone over glaucous pai e sphier ed when 
oung. Lax racemes of dull red in 
color, | are borne on etter gf ponte stalks to 
about 4’; well branched. 


MEDIUM SIZED SPECIES 
A group of Aloes that can be considered 
for areas requiring somewhat large and 
spreading growth to cover the nes are 
the rowing medium-sized pails 


A. ciliaris*—a plant similar in c aeiae habit 


to A. distans and A. mitrae jormir = San 
bove among the smaller-size 
liaris, however, is capable = bse covering 


Thi n stems about the siz 
in all “directions, 


tive records reveal that sometimes these ‘stems 


*Climbing or clambering tendencies. 


22 LASCA 
each 20’ lengths. Leaves are comparatively 
eth grey-green, spreading away em, 
and recurvi a of bright coral red 
owe very ornate plant 
n full bl 
m 


audi baat ms ma ae ce d clumps, 
and a many-branch hed nig oo of dull red 
blossoms pa yeniguaap- id mall. Somewhat tender 
Leaves an o Ste per green, Seal at base, 
acutely ee is 

nes A ee nD of the dwarf-sized 
species among the larger to medium-sized Aloes, 
s far as foliage is concerned whi 


on un the flower stalk with branched 
inflorescences of red flowers often reaches a 4’ 
i A note of chemical import: the sap dries 


a oe purple or violet color. (See Reynolds, 


4 cola—a smooth-leaved — like a 
ee desc 


ribed below; dull green lea 
with reddish anes in stiffly —— clusters with 
incurving rae dee red than 
op urn os Pals be yel- 


igre rte 

when quite aeied the flower spike 

thus graduated in color tones. Plant grows to 4’ 
ee 

oe ae beautiful sbders color- 

flow aves a 


ing, “both in foliage and in s 

light green pees with greyish Sowde sub- 
tance. Flowers a rose pink to rose red, also 
diac -_ re gr y gx m. Inflorescence 
sometim height. Leaves nes I 
Perey go sft gree 4 or 5 dozen a 


yh ee found in protected 
sitations rahe n in sea fully exposed 


the s ie oO ooth narrow 
leaves to ves pee Pa ones blend 
reddish tones over the dark green. Inflorescence 
to 30%, in sl spikes whi ello 


of the 
hed) gabe a 
rescenc bro me flat, co reat 
ange sty fone pate densely massed. No 
coflertiod should without hybrids of i 
striata seta ik ed tise than the type and 
= en more beautiful. 
str ak a*—produc 


; flo owers 


redidiah-¢ “ohenie in "the : yello ow in the 


*Climbing or clambering tendencies. 


~ aged pe the severe winters 


LEAVES 


variety, caesia. Quickly grown from cuttings. 
eee ng’’ type. 
be uccotrina—a variable — including a 
tee rm with rant , and distinct 
Hegel tee Clum ore cover several 
yards of sittin: 7 icf sculegebed in their 
ark red flowers, ve in 


e 
Island A ut A. succotrina ote ws 


r in habit to A, striatula, 
some- 


what less arpebette ems m , 

o 10’ in length, enabling the plant to give 
appearance of covering wide areas f ground 
Blooms mid-win flowers, yellow. General 


eds. 

ruby. iflora*—only slightly 
di ferent botanical Brot the type; the flowers 
ane h yellow tips. 
ivelaaeeaeek variable species with re- 
gar ie a flower sah shape and color—the 
latter ages ies eink to orange Bias 
Abou O12” it in oli height, but ? 
o 3’ 0 rn Iky-green yaaa 


~ 
® 
za 


silt 
acca able species ae 
a 


nho I 
at the Huntington; although prior to this the 
species had been grown in the Huntington 
Gardens some twenty years ago 


LARGE SPECIES 

Where larger Aloes can be pare 
requiring large areas for their full de- 
velopment and effect, the following large- 

ee rele ee may “ee 
arbor —much at in agree 
Cites Man br sit lg Fon the toc F 
orm ultimately large shrubby spec ame be 
these plants. mass of sing fe sates ed 
florescence, of bright coral, provides pic 
in eacite all he 


n 
Of slow gro ‘I 
eee and re- branching repeate y 
specimen which in time 
br ebay ioe tall; lat: 
eight hich in — dth. Leav . i 
12” lon or more peed aaa y 


2. 
c 
wn 
-_ 
© 
, 
5 
p 
=] 
Sag 
=] 


to 
poeta “Batortunately this species 1 
as som la pecimens were 


of 1937 4 and 


sabrina 


atten sor igh some — 
smooth and 


SPRING 1953 23 


1949. They pen be planted more extensively 
in the coastal regions where such damage is not 
a ive. 


y hardy. ai atur 
the Hunti ington Gantens 10’ to 12’ tall and 15’ 
a SS. 

Spinosissima—a noble plant, one of the 
bee aybeis: Freely eunchiag to form large 
vi ae lee specimen. Free-flowering, as 

TALL SPECIES 
For background plants a number of /all, 
single stemmed Species may be recom- 
mende ay are plentiful in number to 
choose from the dramatic effects’ pro- 
duced tis them highly desirable for such 
purposes: 
(Not te: othe arrangement here is accord- 
ing to size, from the smaller to the larger, 
rather than pi ieee | ) 


eata—up t r n plant size, 08 
crow: with group He pric which g 
an added height of two or 

bloo P 


Closely elaed 
a, but favihg bright gr reen foli- 


h orves an echo of t 
pike: baa 
lower -spike 
casurement 18”, dense and Mons conical. 


folia age. 


a 
row; scarlet tubu- 
&1 


- Thraskii—tall pyramidal appea varie given 
Y persistence of leaves which fall against the 
tall single stem and for . 


stems ; 
soms, coral color, Natively grows in ‘almost 


pure sand, never more than few hundred yards 
from the sea, in Natal. Highly productive of 
nectar 

A. rupestris—a remarkably slender type of 
single-stemmed Aloe, with branched infl 
cence to 24” in height. 


ct 
orange-yellow, opening seal 
yellow, and exerted stamens protrudi 
ae se vermillion. Foliage isaalie a dull ark 


ro fedibe —single simple stem unk, 

hea bearded with old leaves two- tints the 

way up; living foliage a dull green, gouged 
pointed a ‘seddtah tips; inflorescence of s 

can alahea-forasion”. 

to 15’ 


ower 
i : up 

height, 4” to 5” thick. Freely used in Mediter- 
ranean region for decorative potted or tubbed 
plants. 

wa eesti coor to A. ferox, but 
stouter trunk, more heavily bearded er 
old gh, Place less armed and s m- 
peal Sarat 


Cee “Province, 
with propor rionate branching. 
orn 


light grey t pel horas ” in diameter. Lemon- 
yellow inflore 
EST SPECIE 


The large se ‘al Coe ie stands 
alon 


dinesii—sometimes referred to as “the 
gigantic Aloe.” ifty-foot specimens not un- 
on in its native far-east and west South 

ican habi nse ppdaalicst daped 
racemes of flowers of aa pink. Deeply chan 


nelled leaves, dull gree 

tender at Huntin ngton ‘Gables: several speci- 

mens los “a in 1937 and 1949 dur ring inte 

ve suitable, however, for tal 

plknun ee setts should be used more pane rc 
bo colt ale 


for 
Note: The es of South Africa by Gilbert 
Westacott penis publis oye in late 1950, is 


n 


nce the writer feels t 
prehensive work available to date on this sub- 
Nu s illustrations in or, as well 
as in half tones, e this a most commendable 
wo r mend to a — gardener, or 
actientiseiet who wishes ursue on subject 
Excellent srscrtone within the boo 


further. 
itself lead to the best textual and Mute 


material available 


S 


rr) 


ee 
> 
<q 
aa] 
= 
< 
O 
< 
we 


SPRING 1953 25 


HUGH EVANS: 
Cora R. 


TE: Reprint of article in oi abe! nal ar oh 
Caine Horticultural Society, xii. 
October, gt with eg “changes at te ue 
gestion o Mor and with the 
knowledge “aid consent oo "Miss fizande to 
bring it up to dat 

ae the delight and pride of ae s 


y is literary talents as well a 
for his horticultural gifts, and we fe As es 
larly d in having a father who has the 


a nd great Kindness a 
ee min an understanding 

The ese quoted apie a recent pies from 

Do roe Evans McKee 


e, of his daughters, 
evoke Leneaediansly the esbaahis Oo ugh 
Evans, and in min f those who have 
known him, there forms the welcome image o 
the tall, re man i Id broadbrimmed 
hat, but with remarkable end ce, who is one 


h n fail to nastics his ‘scholarly quali- 

ties or the kindl ly humor - which his daughter 

makes But most of us who liv 
t 


his 
Auch Evans than ae 


On : e other hand there was in Seca ends 
during their earlier yea of t 
keen f interest in plants that le hi idden cages the 
surface activities = his life although they were 
always con “at of being surrounded by beauty 
in the gardens of their vari 


i d absor 
S energies that his native inheri ited 


sag and delight in exotic ha. material had 


ugh Evans was born in England on Febru- 

7 Nh 1874, on a be autiful estate in the City 

tamford on t iver Welland, a few miles 

of Leicester and south of Lincoln, at the 
Ba the counties of Nor ampton a 

Inshire me His father, a solicitor by 

a a was also a kee steely nas e 

Other shared this interest as w e liter- 


ary inclinations which eked. oe family. 


PLANTSMAN 
BRANDT 
The garden was extensive and boasted several 


PNA eee which made their contributions to 
both house and grounds. These surr i 


o 
° 
ey 
Pic] 
4 
-o 
= 
at 
og 
o 
or 


n 
eee creating garden 

s parts of the world to which they gos 
ally scattered. . McKee writes again, 
sister and I stayed with some of his sisters gi 
a 


brother in Italy an ngland—and to our 
surprise and interest, we realized that Dad and 
his brothers and sisters scattered to the far cor- 
ners of the world were all carrying on the Evans 
heritage passionate love of nature and oul 
dens ned seg c wisiesiak minds and 


ey personal 
Bei middl of those nine ong 
meant "that conexant gs rtunities w 
pnfyen! restricted for Hugh Evans 
elder sons succ 
id to such 


tice d ges as were 

offered owever, like his brothers, he 

s a Marlborough boy and might, like them, 

have gone on to on ee his interests and 
i 


fornia of the family had settled 
earlier. In spite of the unusua ad haar attach- 
ment between himself and his fam y Pt A net 
always by constant corresponde 


mother and fa ited ees in 

thaps he, consciously 
Sa 
ng the 


ciously, was svoiding the ¢ 
return to sf 
ng youthfully proud -: his skilled 


yar 
and atte It w 
ash oek fight the wild sath “hat infested it 


now by artificial aaa yan 
lemon groves suffered and, finding that, in 
addition to all the otter aifhoaities there was 


where he remained two years. In 1 e 
started a nursery business at 440 South Broad 
way at Sycamore e. It ved, how- 
ever, to be but an abortive attempt to make a 


em 
living in the line he loved, since it did not pro- 
duce enough to support a growing family. 


26 LASCA 


n the meantime, Hugh Evans had met 
Fe eateied Muriel Morgan, whose father, also 


he Morgan family 
pi which he felt 


i poration: to add t 
th ny he h Iready secured from atin t 
parts, especially Australia ont outh Africa. 
e gr sat :5 4th Street in Santa 


Monica drew discriminating visitors in great 
ae and a2 desire secure for them- 
ves the int Bg csceal such tar saw 
5 5 edie lly a and displayed soon had Mr. 
Evans carrying sag tures in 
— as a side pee a the same tim 

enter of bo canicel and _ horti- 
cultura ‘inte fo cident all over the coun- 


With the turn of times that — the “big 
of the thirties and its co: 
the real estate busin 

ted e 


e pa - Evans & Reeves w 


one 
ollowing list of pla 
duced both before and after 


oO 
the octlican 


came 
into ate thr ue the paiva ni Mr Evans 
wit ck Reeves, himself a son of an old 
ii 6 ily r., in f. 


Reeves, 
deal of credit for 
ills. 


LEAVES 


of the nursery, was obtained from Mr. Evans 
and his son ies ck, and gives some idea of the 
extent to which we are all indebted to Hugh 
Evans—a bie rig hoki by ee as “partial” 

hic estly comm tis 
to say positively that 


n ‘ - 
then wa hase vet in. That has Haspens ned 
a goo 

1924 icons 


Aster fruticosus, Baeckia 
virgata, Dae Gerrardian aela 


na, Cham ucium 


ciliatum, interi (this in Rbadichon 
from En spots is roan ired by Mr. Evans to be 
one of his bes 


__ Abel Schumannii, 


ntroductio ons: 


Cos a an 
the following species of Eucalyptus: angulosa, 
aesia, constricta ucis, des 5 ete 
mophil ee ory coe tiana, grossa, mac- 
Seaties carpa, Oldfieldii, Preissi- 
a, pyefonms. reneasd spathulata, Steed 
maki Stricklandii, tetraptera, torquata Gre- 
villea pend arin oe obtusifolia, G. or sate 
poda, G. nicu rosmariniformis, G. 


Wilsonii chins dias Strophanthus spe- 


536 oh hee tones pti gyi Athan- 
sple 


m (several / enaeae Tibouchina laxa, 
Wotinen rosmarini ifor 
a corymbos 

i 


1929 Introductions: Dimorphotheca spect 
t longiflora, Senecio confusus, 


: Bougainvillea praetori- 
S. 


ensis, Fuchsia ace i et 
1931 Introductions: Brachylaena_ elliptica, 
Thenardia floribunda. 
1932 is troduction: Bougainvillea Afterglow. 


9 sina bee eae ontia pentantha, 
Bepeaiiee Barbar 
Other introductions a ps 
cium gracile 
—— a 
940 i, E-pectinat 


1939: Seeciene 


Bougainvillea * Panama 
n 
Most of the oe varieties and t ; 
chamaelauciums we uced from wes 
Australia in policies pcre E. O. Orpet © 


Santa B 
ia iety were importe ies 
awaii, ermude, “T trinidad and other counties 


als have beet 
imported including Calliandra snuequilatert 


* 


EE OT te EE Te ee 


ii a i i 


SPRING 1953 i? 


Dais cotinifolia, Erythrina lorraine Erythrina 
(several undetermined speci E. speciosa, 
Bi nfo nitida, i ubinia de ty Vais 
V oinierana, eren ichosporum 
gr ey Rae auma Hodgsonii, Cienf 
gosia hakeifolia was brought in 

distribution by the Bureau of Plant Introduction 
of the A, Uu illea O 


was imported as late as 1945 and several others 
are now on hand, although not as yet on th 

market. * 

It is rather startling to realize that we owe 
so many thin sae that are today a_taken-for- 
ur landsca a to ae 
recent cnbeenfise of this man 

c cha hacks auciums 

reat number of dwarf eucalyptus 
lants with o 

tested cs pla sar teks thers ih all esos 


vans’ favorite 
During all this time the Evans home had be- 


‘et 
A 


went on, kept her house open to al 


people Spatially to - ee bes her chide. 
he Sunday night S and a 


as present politics in 

the ch horticultural seid als : pepe 

€ children are all interested, e wn 
of t 


= ies 2a a date (Spring, ge Fie ees 
F; Dawn, Ros ueen, mpl 
pe ain be added ; the latter to ae oe se in 
Pril,—a true bush for. a osy red bracts 


i 
. profusion several foc a 


Pacific Islands.* The two daughters had ini 
sent to visit the family in the Old World w 
the idea Sirs they, too, 
quainted w 
Evans to ae ce eat satisfaction in bas seeing that 
another link was est wae shed with the home of 
ntinuance of tradition. 
the 


ho is also well-known throu C 
for his successful Lonerey of fuchsias, pelar- 
goniu nd hibiscus. A late addition the 
hese areas: are ‘the orchids which have 
a prominent feature at the nursery. 
use of cymbidiums Bae € 


3s thhows ate er lathho 
evi ees of this interest and of Mr. Eva 
in cine proper sienihestion. of thi 
diferent varieties. 
usiness, from which Mr. Reeves on 

recently separated himself, is now under 
management of 
ber of the firm 
arrangemen Pike 
already bach hone ey mak 
wing his father, is in the real estate and 


appraisal n mind an ing for 
usiness, is active in the directorate of the com- 
pany e€ rs incor- 


close friends as well 


es. 
s are all very ¢ 
tly in their direc- 


— rather in their qualities. They all 
have fine gardens " Anis own in Will Rogers 
a s gar ous ae He 

st 


than 
Bernard’s interest ce aaaly ie t auty h 
can create with any of these schtatiglse Of he 
ob na ghters, rete the elder, ogy her 


green thumb i t. Cre .. she, too 
is happily. $ Hy a eae ily; gl younger, 
Marjorie, — like ae ‘eathaes in Will 


Roses Canyon 

Mr. Evans is much sought — as a con- 
tributor by ict papers ves Deanna s in which 
use of ae 
ic te enchon as well 
ro gardens and sea Getic the power of 

eau 

The esteem in which he is held is shown by 
the many Jct aleas vari of plants ears 


for him. There has long a Fuchsia Hugh 
Evans (a Fetard itroluction) there is also a 
Camellia Sasanqua vans, and late 


Cymbidium likewise races his name. The red- 


*Since the ghia ve ine article, Mr. Morgan 
Evans tells us he ‘made a loop all the 
way around the wo 


28 LASCA 


flowered Br egtesert pags is always asso- 
ciated with him of his proudest in- 
toductions and in pe more valuable in in 
almost extinct in West 

ear Mr Ev ns 


plants into 
an Hon 


that organization since 


It is a rare pleasure to meet and talk with 


LEAVES 


this sage of seventy- bole years, still se 
interested in what goes on in the nurse in 
new methods of cae still regretting, in 
looking over pee tae of 
— beautiful and in 
ken,’ mo 


pas rom my 
several in the Stat Co) and of the a 

nts of his pceiapane gently scornful . the» 
not-too-adventurou alwa 
ous sane _ 00 i He nee “good st 

The gardens is for ee Sill the 

He himself quotes as an 
own stile the following 
lines of Francis Bacon: 


“God Almighty first planted a garden, and indeed it is the purest of human 


ings an a 
grow to civility and e 
fi 


which, build- 


when aie 


spirit of men; wi 
man shall eve 


ne sig a if gardening were ae greater perfection.’ 


CALENDAR 


Southern California spootlanaibalets paeges 
meets the third Thursday of each month, at the 
Recreation Building at 18th and Tobe man, Gia. 
Angeles. ions di peat 7:30 p.m.; meeting call 
to ecier 
* * 

soe calif er aegis — the 

ond Thur: of e November— 
April, aden at Jef hos AaiaHor: 
ium, corner o Avenue an 
Villa Sh. mellia display, 7:30 
p.m.; meeting me to = 8 ae 


Q. 


International ee Show Inglewood: March 
14th through the a 


Sou en Catto Soria Flower and Garden 
og te 19th. At Fannie 


Orchid re San es ienig’ the — 
hursday, at Michillinda Women’s Club, 
South Rosemead Piya, Pasadena. 


Annual Meeting : the aes Chapter of the 
esis 1 Shade Tree come will be held 

r at the Miram tel, Santa Monica, 
California, ome 13-16, Node sive. Of particular 
interest to those thing are concerned with tre 
care and managemen 


oe iiarseesg ao Bide renee! of the aed 
na Women's Saba _ 58 Sout 
Sierra Madre AYE, Pasadena 8 p.m 


American ek ee ue Gabriel Branch: 
at Masonic Temple, 506 So on Santa Anita, 
Arcadia. The 4th Wednesday. 


shades Rose Society: first Thursday of each 
onth, at Odd Fellows Poa 175 N abi Los 


Robles Ave., Pasadena. 8 p (Picnic meet- 
— planne d from May to ‘Oichiber at coped 
locations, by announcement. ) 

* “S * 

Turf aston tee Research, Advisory Com- — 
mittee: ing on the yee - "Eaton's, S, 
Santa pred ne Dinner me 6 
sponsored by the Arboretum. Reservations 
should be — with Fred eka 
Room 223, geles City H 

pril: eave sponsorship by Southern Cali- 
fornia Golf Associatio ay: under sponsor — 
hip of California Association of Nurserymen. 

une: ee eg California Fertilizer 
ssociation. These meetings are of spect ial 1 _ 


est t 0. thos Ge eeested in, and concerned w 
turf cultu 


es California B Botanists: announcement of © 
ings. Rancho Santa Ana Bo- — 


* 

The Calendar Ae e is ‘eae to keep you { 
posted on regular meeting dates of cic 
nge 


are asked to s 
Lasca Leaves (Box 688, = ag 
later than the first of tr, h 
d September to meet the louneelsy press date 
dly include the e person to 


irected, 


Kin 
correspondence may 
ety name, meeting dates, and place of m 


socie 
ing 


SPRING 1953 


Acacia Steedmani in bloom at the Arboretum. 


GROWING NOTES 


GEORGE 
Acacia Steedmani 


The Be Ripon Acacia, at least in its younger 


oe 
=] 
— 
a 


r he Pp 


Arbore tum 


adds _ considerable 


7 
flowers are one-half inch balls of 


the loveliest species this writer 


H. SPALDING 


pure — yellow and practically smother the 


plant is a shrubby Acacia with a rounded 
form. 

Seed planted im legcmapeie 1950, germinated 
in nine days w no special treatment. The 


plants were set a the field in April, 1951 
According to information in Australian nursery 
Ca 


italogs this species is only SuPPO sed to reach, 


in height, a maximum of three . Two of 
three plant our collection, have made 

ouble this ils One plant has o Vv reached 
at feet. This is not unusual as ny plants 


when grown out of their native habitat often 


30 LASCA 
act completely different. They are ah six feet 
with a spread of four to five fee 
= : 
ost attracti 
aw pruning Hea older to keep them attrac- 
tiv 


Solanum macranthum 


f you are lookin uick growing, 


> 
olanum macranthum. It is larged leaved 
somewhat spiny, and rather succulent in appear- 
The leaves resemble those of the pin o 


LEAVES 


inch flowers are a good lavender color vs a 
sic bundle of yellow stamen mi 
column in the center. ao hey are borne in satan 
clusters of ten to fifteen. 
olanum macran aban is ae winter hardy at 
is minor factor as 


by seven inches wide. The 


Reynolds Hole), in 
tion of articles for the London Guardian. 
titled “A Book About 


“There’s my Lilliu 
Th 


“Here comes my wife! Now. 


with such 
interested in this 
arge, one to two 


THE SONG OF THE EXHIBITOR 
S. REYNOLDS HOLE 


“Oh, give me air, and syringe me with wpe of ee 
seed, and o pe 
try to keep my head up, but down it pan ag 
Just like those fuser stooping secon welt ined the ‘sickly men.’ 
’m a poor, used-up exhibito 
Knocked out of present time. 


e been to all the flower shows, north, south, and east, and west, 
i ge van loads of plants I love the best 
usk to dawn, through night to morn, dozed ‘mid ok and din, 
n woke, with cramp in both my and haities: on my chin. 
*m a poor, used-up exhibito 
Knocked out of present ie 


“Oh, my orchids look most awk’wardly—stove pits are stoved-in quite— 
Like my Melon, cut up by the judge, a capaelag pe ! 
They've broke my Cissus “ll +6. bits, as thou 
And they’ ve shag in all directions my pny Maiden's s “Hair. 
‘m a poor, used-up exhibitor, 
Knocked out tof peter ane: 


“Look at Erica depressa—depressa, yes, inde 


ed, 
alderman ope ae, Adon a heavy Agr 


As though an 
And as for poor Propend ough to make 
Bad — —_ this blasted heath like Macheth i in hibe ole 


a poor, used-up e€ 
Knocked out of i Ro dine 
um auratum, shrivelled up, and hee yrs son 
aponicum,’ for ie ag as t 


nak -up exhi 
Knocked ou of present ae 


n we — hurrah for ae ext show! 
ne, revived estilo, 
Quite up to present times.” 


Just before the turn of the present century, the Dean of Rochester (S. 
n England was constrained to include the above in his collec 

t was ultimately printed in orm, 
the Garden and = Gardener,” as pleasant a bit of enchant- 


ment as one could find j in any age or e 


ose who are striv- 
ing for a tropical effect it is very worthwhile. 


SPRING 1953 31 


NAMES, NOTES AND NEWS 


Lasca Visitor: 

Dr. A. Y. Goor, Head of Forestry in Pales- 
tine, was a recent visitor at the Arboretum. 
Dr. Goor had spent a ie in Australia devoting 
time to te study of the Eucalypts in relation 
to their use in lise reforestation prog’ m of 
Israel. Dr. Goor’s interest in Sout nal 
fornia area centered around the Enea RAs spe- 


an international purpose, as as a 
companied by stav Jurens of U 
For eats Service with w he conferred. 
Arrangements ereby authentic 


were made 
seeds and « cuttings fri acl oF plants men- 
be incorporated in 
t he Arboretum, a «wel: 
come and added ofering from Dr. Goo 


Will the desert Spee 

Dr. Frits Went’s studies, 

on southern California eet 
with relation to climatic factors, the rains 
of this season have been ple at enough to 
assure an ex cellent wild How : oe bo 
spring on the des An tenet how 

is ie Death Valley Sata eh tasulficient 
rains have fallen 


Dew Research eat Pasc Israel. 


if 
ry fora period o 
ior to study the effects re dew on plants nile 
c 


rolled laboratory conditi 

cipitation and its effect on plants is an sniely 
new field of research—one which should result 
of ant a in the fundamental rpipes uset 
of pla wth in arid and semi-arid regio 
of the word 

M evani has invented the first practi- 
cal gauge pe the recording of 


tion of the first Dew rding Station in t 
a States, at the Los Angeles State and 
| ounty Ar oretum. Another a is under 
s Process of stig Sane | at Fobes 
alm Wells in M o Va fe a teed will be 

installed at California Tasttute of Technology. 


Krillium aa n 

. Since last March (1952) the Arboretum has 
ad a contract with Monsanto Chemica m- 

ag to field-test Krillium soil conditioners on 
€ home a ardener level. These tests have been 


conducted by Mr. is in, ie Arbore- 

A Ms Research Assistant, with lawn grasses, 

Owers, and vegetables next issue of 
ca Leaves will article by 


Seed Co., Ferry, Morse 


Seed sry 
rup-King 


Germain’s, Hagen’s Nursery, North- 


x 
Dr. Frits Went, as our ibeal readers know, 

is in hace of Earhart Pla 

tory, of the California Institu 


ral Con 5 ee ae y the 
aria Soci was interesting to note 
what a large prberion of the papers presented 
i f botanical or plant 


ed by ew growers : 
: imagine "that = eh po have been very differ- 
nt here in Am wa public interest in 

scientific eer s is pecs 
“The pageantry = of English “ator very 
see. For ins 


e 
about those responses is just what 
ate exotics in 
n 


is more rticultural activity in 
urop n in America. Since, however, botan 
nd ho Iture have started to develop so re- 
ently in the United States, the rate of gro 
here greatly exceeds that 1 rope, 
ave not caught up as yet. It is through activi- 
ties like the Los Angeles State and Cou 
A that we will have to catch up with 
in Eu 


er therefore the egned of ay fowers had 
been exceptional. de 
tunity in ee cting a 


as postales 
They will be tested in the Rosa Laboratory. 


32 LASCA LEAVES 


BOOK REVIEWS and COMMENTS 


The Aloes of South deed Gilbert West- 
520 pp. Illus. Index. 

Piet of South 
: Wes: A. by 
pee Press, 132 W. Union ee ee 
ene $11 

Ana hase sllnstzaied work, both in color and 
half-tones ; can we el € considered the best ‘ io 


under the speci 

Growing ang res Orchids and Other 

Flowers—Louis oyle. Ti eae Mirror-Press, 
ng 


he lor ae Los pawelcs 
en industrial activity was just 
gaining Hebenha, Louis Boyle's 
a 


ys and the advent 
tells in a ena manner of the early develop- 
ent Ha 2 geles and Southern California 


s he s 
Relati bing ‘the we Pak hig of his El Rancho 
Pet ic mee in Oja 


mo. 700 pe anne 
that can only be described as eh, to bring to 
the reader his dream o r d 
Cymbidium flowers he loves ell. Mr. 
le k will have oe greatest appeal for 
his many friends whose and pictures are 
included, and those who segues ee early 
at this communi ty, as well as C diu 
enthusiasts who never tire of talking about their 


favorite Howes and seeing photographs of well- 
rown specime 


Two valuable records are incorporated: Dr. 
Gustav A. L. Mehlquist’s paper on mo- 
som 


bi 
sd the y 
RT Gnar JOR 


Plants, Man, a Life nye 


rt A. Anderson. 
Little, Brown and 


gar 
Boston. 1952. 245 pp. 
. $4.00. 


Illus. (16 drawings) and indexed 00 
Edgar erson opened up paths of bo- 
cal study whic been far too little 

travelle. lively enthusiasm has infused 


eeds at our 
af 


have given up any attempt to name them pre- — 
n Dr. drat s judgment, the accu- 
rate classification of the 


is of more importance 
than that of all the pitas plants in the world, | 
becau ia concern not only agriculturists and 


plant- parte but also anthropologists and 
histo Pong 
he points out, unconciously as well as — 
deliberately, carries whole floras pai — globe 
that we actually li a tran- 


ballast—weeds that w 
young. And so “the hist 
sap of man,” and his migratio 
uch tec chaiques as the Bareseoglt study — 
of nes grains from buried and p echisi 
sites, the study of root ti 


n 
tory ot eae is the 


maize, e av 
wild erate ito For 
understanding this particular problem, Dr. An- 


derso act co-o0 of histor- 

ians, anthropologists and ethno-b ee ats, In 

c ’ rt of Our Important Crop 

Plants and their Probable Origin,” he sa 

general review, he tells us, of what is or is not 
out the doco of our emg plants. 


estern Mex 
ees primitive pe a s lon 
nt-breeders but ~ 


ere not nibs 
care to pr e the fi f thei ps. ie 
from an apparently tangled and planless garden 
a 


sheets—an ingenious method de 
Anderson which he calls ‘‘an inclusive herbaria. 
Mira C. SAUNDERS 


os Sisto of Hometl-Macie ce Neal. Bishop 


CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION 


BOARD OF TRUSTEES 


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SYREN Cas as ne ee eee Howarp A. MILLER 
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RALPH D. CORNELL SAMUEL B. MOSHER 
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All contributions deductible under Federal Income Tax Law. 


ADDRESS 
Box 688—Arcadia—California 
Telephone DOuglas 7-3444 


Operaten By 
CatirorniA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC. 


shen MB et ee 


~ >. 
¢ La % , ad 
LA We 
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ee ‘ 7 “d 
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~ 2-9, ete ort 
2 ET ae 


es 
Fé 
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be 
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i 
Oo 


QUARTERLY JOURNAL 


athe te tt @ 


ARCADIA 


fi 4 WY ALS 


Vol. III, No. 3 


SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURAL INSTITUTE 


OFFICERS 1953 


PONIOEE Co ee lee ay eb ee Frep W. ROEWEKAMP 
a PPE ee es hs a's bbw ns RALPH H. CORNELL 
RROD Grit wets eae a a Ss aed ee os 8 GEORGE H. SPALDING 
ee ie ev aan be be ees KENNETH BISHOP 


BOARD OF DIRECTORS 


WILLIAM BERESFORD EARLE E. HUMPHRIES 
MANCHESTER Bopby MILDRED E, MATHIAS 
HowarRD BODGER ALFRED W. ROBERTS 
PHILIP CHANDLER VERNON S. STOUTEMEYER 
Percy C. EVERETT RONALD B. TOWNSEND 


RICHARD WESTCOTT 


ADVISORY COUNCIL 


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ROBERT CASAMA JOR MANFRED MEYBERG 

Henry R. Davis LOVELL SWISHER, JR. 

HuGH Evans Roy F, WiLcox | 

MEMBERSHIPS 

PHN MemMee te ea eee ees $ 5.00 year | 
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Associate (for individual in member group only)... 2.00 year | 
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Commercial Member cn oie ee kc ewe ee 50.00 year 
SSERENIEE TMCIIDON 66S fo evn Wigs o's bbs < 40's ee 50.00 year 
PARE DRCOG se ee ee eee ee 500.00 


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ADDRESS 
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a Na a a ll i al 


Ee TIES ET eR Oe eS Ee ae 


LASCA LEAVES 


The official publication of the Southern California Horticultural Institute 
and the California Arboretum Foundation, Inc. 


EDITORIAL COMMITTEE 


ROBERT CASAMA ag MILDRED MATHIAS 
PHILIP CHANDLE PHILIP A. MUNZ 
WILLIAM Henrie RUSSELL J. SEIBERT 


EDITORIAL BOARD 
Arboretums and Botanical Garden 
thern Califarnin Fi ETH Sola 
Santa Barbara—KATHERINE K, Mu 
Southern California—RONALD B. anne 


Econnenic: Wants 25. a a RUSSELL J. SEIBERT 
Geo-botany, oe Piant Patents 626 7 Louis C. WHEELER 
Piistorieal. os Ges, tear en ees Mrs. RICHARD Y. DAKIN 
opis asea Sec cee SP EeeL eae tags yee i ayae EMEYER 
Landscape Diestgn so or a re e oe Cor 
Native SHE Bitar a re aie las, ‘cinta C. EVERETT 
OMGRIGS 5 Updos pw eee eek a ROBERT CASAMAJOR 
pacha es 1s Wee eee eG ee Gee eee W. DAN QUATTLEBAUM 
Plant Moaterials 05) oes MILDRED Davis, PHILIP CHANDLER 
Phint ‘Pathology ii5./0350 Steen re eed aie arenes IERRE MILLER 
Plant Societies 6 550s ee ee GEORGE H. SPALDING 
Propepationy oi W UCK 
Ca a GRY ERE AGS naa Sete MUn Mee i oats suena ALFRED C, HOTTES 
Taxonomy of Feighis | vs dis MILDRED MATHIAS 
Taxoubey of Natives! en oe PuHitip A. MUNZ 
JANET WRIGHT, Ed/tor 
Vo. III JULY, 1953 No. 3 
CONTENTS 
Soil ee with: Ressiian cess cota vgs owns are eis ouis B. Martin 34 
itd eles Sores eae Oe ee a W. Dan Quattlebaum 36 
Cover Mace Se Lee eae is Ad hy gis RL gee) SOU RaberalE Spa Mt Mes anata ne er RR oar a4 
Od SOg foc Turin Gite h os gira aie aegis ucts a Teasdale 36 
Souk Africa i in. Your Garden 022-562 ese ie a ee saitner E. Mathias 37 
fi ew: Patiala ea oa ee ae ae ae 38 
Southern Callers Horticultural Institute: riage Announcement........ 
one tog nian = Some Subtropical Fruit Trees............ C. A. Schroeder 39 
TOR SA a ee a ee ec eich Ure you Ra we wus bale es 
Gases Calfecata Phacelias Palin oaltentr tunisia: Sapaiaranity asthe: wlan’ ape Philip A. Munz 43 
ae io ox SA oP a lpia iho malate ares Pearle rn akan George H. Spalding 45 
The site on Rancho Santa Anita (con't.)........ Susanna Bryant Dakin 47 
Scien gg A nen La se aE nwt, Piped Pameme ciety Alfred C. Hottes 48 
The Duvdevani Dew RMR Sr oP Cay hea rae sw ahace R. J. Seibert 49 
Library MAINS a a el RA PGi I a oe 
Weather ROCORAS 0 as cy a a wee pene ease sa ck 


34 LASCA LEAVES 


aa 


An example of a Krilium test site, in which 


it different soil levels. The white 


a number of Krilium formulations were ine 


areas resulted from 


orporatec 


surface applications of Krilium. 


SOIL CONDITIONING WITH KRILIUM 


Louis B. MARTIN 


“Lay me in the earth, and make it 
Soft and loose and light above me.” 
SONG OF HIAWATHA 


— 
~ 


E practice is old. The gardener has used 
manure, and straw. So, 
. Yes, conditioning the 
soil,—1.e. improving the physical structure 

has always been of interest to those en- 
gaged in growing plant 

The approach is new.  rheatieh the use 
synthesized especially for 
conditioning the soil, it is hoped that the 
gardener and farmer can achieve improve- 
ment of the soil structure with less work 
and with longer-lasting effects. 


In March of 1952 the Arboretum € 
tered into a contract with the Monsanto 
Chemical Company to Geld-test its new 
soil- oe jaa Krilium. To 
our knowledge t to be the 
first large- scale a on the Pacific Coast. 
for these experiments 


> tests were 


The level of interest 


was confined to the home gardener. Cer- 
tain questions were to be answered for 
prob lem soils of southern California. Some 
of them were: (1) What is the most 
efhcient way of ap plying Krilium? (4) 
How much Krilium is needec for various 
types of P slantings ? ( 3) What idvantage to 


rans y me 
germinz ition, growt th, and flowering, n 
be gained from the use of Krilium? 


SS Laer 


SUMMER 1953 35 


In this article, the types of experiments 
conducted will be outlined and a few o 
the resulting observations discussed. The 
reader who wishes additional information 
of a more fundamental and comprehensive 
nature is referred to the publication, Soi/ 
Science, vol. 73, 1953 

Where the terms ‘‘conditioner’’ or ‘‘soil 
conditioner” appear hereafter in this arti- 
cle, Krilium is the item under discussion 


La a 


as used in this paper concerns only the 
physical structure of the soil. Krilium acts 


another. Just how this eile takes place 
is beyond the scope of the present article. 

_4Now—on with the Operation, Soil Con- 
ditioning: Merloam and Loamake 
tested; they are currently on the market. 
Other experimental formations of Krilium 
were likewise included. 

Methods of application depend upon 
the size of the area to be treated. Krilium 
in dry form was applied by hand to 
hundred-square foot plots, and to larger 

reas by usin i 


= 
i} 
Las 
om 
a 
cr 
= 
oO 
° 
= | 
Q, 
= 
° 
2 
oO 
5 
n 
° 
= 
Ee, 
° 
Ho | 
ro) 
v 


plied by using a sprinkling can and a hose 
equipped wit a 


nough for cultivation, 


and continued until late October, There 


were three major divisions of plant ma- 
terial used: (1) lawn grasses; (2) com- 
on annual flowers; and (3) common 


grasses, plus five lawn-grass mixtures were 


In addition to the planting experiments, 
the effects of repeated mechanical tillage 
of conditioned soil and problems of ero- 
sion control were also under test. 

Certain restrictions limit the detail into 
which we may go conecrning the results 
of the experiments to date. Many of the 
gardening and horticultural publications 
within recent months have reported in- 
formation covering a wide range of ex- 
perience with Krilium; in general, our 
data agrees with that already reported— 
but a few of the facts might bear repeat- 


ing: 

First, the amount of soil crumbs or soil 
aggregates produced showed an increase 
of 50-60 per cent in treated soils as com- 
pared with untreated soils. 

The rate of water penetration was in- 
creased two to three times in treated soils 
above that of the untreated soils. 

Lateral spread of water from irrigation 
ditches was increased both in distance at- 
tained, and in rate of movement, by Kril- 
ium application. Surface water run-off 
and soil erosion were greatly reduced by 
the Krilium applications. 

Hand weeding and cultivation was 
made easier and more effective by use of 
Krilium. 

The loose soil structure resulting from 
the initial Krilium application persisted 
throughout the experimental period. Con- 
trol soils and soils treated with compost or 
steer manure lost their initial loose struc- 
ture by the end of the experimental 
period. 

Questions in the mind of the home 
gardener probably concern also the plant's 


€ 
questions are naturally difficult to evaluate 
to the satisfaction of everyone. It can 


36 LASCA 
said, however, that in some of the experi- 
ments, germination was expedited in 
Krilium treated soils; in others, germina- 
tion response was indi erent. Similar 
trends were observed in both growth and 
flowering, in the case of each of the three 
plant-type divisions under discussion. 

A temporary plateau has been reached, 
mber of ways 


solving of soil structure problems. Re- 
cently the price of Krilium was lowered; 
this should encourage sales, and conse- 
quently a more wide-spread use of Kril- 
ium, which may result in home experi- 
ments of some significance. 

Monsanto is the c which has 
pioneered in the aera conditioning of 
soils. As research continues, improvement 
in the product as well as favorable plant 
responses is pr a If the present 
reader is a gardener with a bump of 
curiosity, he will asta to obtain first hand 
ee of at least one of the new soil 
conditioners. He can do this ue small- 
scale ibe rimetitation of his ow 

co ICTURE 

The exhibit of South African plants pictured 
on our cover will be recognized by many of our 
California readers who attended the 1953 Cali- 
fornia International Flower Show at Hollywood 
current issue of Lasca 
p. 37) the article by Mildred Mathias 
Peciies many of these plants. 


LEAVES 


BIRD NOTES 
W. DAN QUATTLEBAUM 
Now that the noise and confusion of road- 
making and landscaping are past and a quieter 


u he fo 

sit patik aes Quail and Piedbilled Grebe 
a pair of Grebes returned 
last fall, et in os spring this year nested in 
the cat-tails. The Red-wing Blackbirds that 
forage during the day didn’t mind the changes, 
and in the fall some 800 to 1,200 came into the 
cat-tails and tules rh evening for their vespet 
chorus and night 

e€ botatanding resident, 


the Red- bellied 


m 
to me that if the Arboretum gave this scarce 
hawk a home, this alone would make it a 
notable sanctuary. 

The more numerous of the resident species 
are the Redwing Blackbird, Mourning Dove, 
Band-tailed Pigeon, Crow, Red-shafted Flicker 
and Sparrow Hawk 


During the past winter (1952-53) there were 
the usual bird visitors: such as the Mallard, 
Canvas-back, Cinnamon Teal, Pintail, Ring- 
necked Duck, Ruddy Duck, Audubon Warbler, 
Hermit Thrush, Ruby-crowned Kinglet, Moun- 
tain Chicadee, Robin, Waxwing, and Gambel’s 
White-crowned Sparrow 


WOOD SONG 


“I heard a wood-thrush in the dusk 
Twirl three notes and make a star— 

My heart that walked with bitterness 
Came back from very far. 


ZL 


“In nature nothing is insignificant, nothing is ignoble, nothing sinful, nothing repetitious. All 


“Three shining notes were all he had, 

y made a starry call— 

I caught life back against my — 
And kissed it, scars and a 


SARA TEASDALE 


4 4 


the music is great music, all the lines have meaning.’ 


From Foreword of “Green Laurels” 
ONALD CULROSS PEATTIE 


a aise 


a ee 


ee a 


LE ee ee ee er a, LT eT 


ae a ee eeme Oe ee eye 


SUMMER 1953 a7 


SOUTH AFRICA IN YOUR GARDEN 


MILDRED E. MATHIAS 


RN CALIFORNIA gardens 


SOUTHE offer many 
attractions for the arm 
Medi 


chair traveller. Our 


e vines so gs. saree en — a lesson in 
geogra ragon trees from 
Cater bebe aoe brushes and corer 
_ Aust ralia, oleander, olives and cypr 
ro € 


Mediterranean, epper eee ie 
fe) ti 


payEsK pms 
and tow 
sca 


Their removal from our cities 
would change the whole face of the 
be 


outh Africa _ age source of many 
mon use as 0 


men plant or sou oO owers. Its tree- 
like agi Sireliti riod is soe South 
ge ra? use for a tropical setting. 

Cae ican trees in gui vation here in- 
fe Phowais ee the small date-palm, ie 
much in and modern landscaping, a 
finest Pc 
e latter tree, African 
Ss e ie ante in the trade as 
Pscionkee The Cape Chestnut, 
capense, is an poet flowering 
tree represented by a few fine 

OS An nge les. 


uncommon, 
llum ro the Kafir 
mall or- 


widel it secerd though 
in cultivation. Harpephy 
s highl 


E 


a good specimen may be s 


a 
Daan of Agriculture Date ‘Seuion in 


pod Latina is sane species worth 
at the Botanical 
ihe Lawersiy ok California, Los 


Am he re are the gine s Poison, 
Pricnony doe venenata, the dai Winter- 
sweet, Acoka jhors spectabilis ‘i the Natal 
. Probably one = fe 
best known rican plants in 
dens is pee one of our finest espalier oat, 

a. 


Grewia 
A f other South African plants com 

paratively n as ornamentals in Southern 
California aye like a EeSy catalogue: 
paragus, Aster filifolius, and Aster fruticosus, 
Cissus cap ais iosma, Erica, Gardenia thun 
bergii, Melianthus, Sparmannia, Tecomaria 
Bulbous and corm material from below th 
equator is e mporta t would 
our gardens be without Gladiolus, Morea, Tri- 
tonia, Chasmanthe, Agapanthus, Olivia, Freesia, 


r garden geraniums, spe- 
cies se hybr: ‘ids of yer genus phos onium, are 
= — h African origin. If we removed the 
Seems an Mesembryanthemum, 
hillel des would look bar 
Some of these plants are so common in our 
gardens that we forget they <a Sons eigners. And 
on 


our 


now are adding to our 
st by introducing m1 outh African plants 
a as the beautiful Dais cotinifolia, species of 


path 6 rl Polygala virgata, Hypericum 


ychodes, Ag sutherlandii, SuiBerlandie fi 
ie cens, Plec. jibes ecklonii, Chaenostoma 
posneaer) Woke Vir gilia eaicass and ih fom 
or a gpae Biliiacshns Speciosus, Prot pe- 
Leucospermum reflexum, Serruria fords 
Erica species, Sen tamoides, and Podranea 
ricasoliana. 


exploration if ge Africa dates from 
the earliest Tanaris 
rgyman, w ped 
y to the Dutc me ast 
s Cape flora proved ian 
ble ar he ps a rien pimeny to his brother 
professor at Leyden. Four figures of Cape eee 


38 LASCA LEAVES 


Mare ted by him are included in the 1644 Am- 
terdam ae on of Theophrastus, ‘Historia Plan- 


arum’’—Haemanthus coccineus, Cotyledon or- 
biculata, Ca gis an ip i red- 
hot Pare plant. All of the ee collections 


olland, Leaps e botanical 
gardens at Leyden an 
e first wie of Sith 


ieee is that by th 
seis of Botany, 
oR 


ears, fro 
extensively on the plant Sarai obtained in 
e€ Hi tk laid t 


these years. Ss wo he basis for all 
future floras of the region 

72 the royal g: K 
Francis Masson to the Cape to collect plants. In 


wa large num- 
dried plants. It was 
laegely his South A‘ei rican collections which gave 


Kew its top place among Eur ropean gardens of 
that 
B when Curtis Prams the publication 


A NEW PERIODICAL 


Baile code a war Journal of Tape ag ab 
. Vol, March 1953. Pub- 


a HO 


ultilith process 
H. M. sab Director, 


tion. Address G. 

Bailey Hortorium, as above 
Items of et interest noted in its pages: 
Metric syst 0 be used for plant m measure- 


n neh new term coming 
into use in botanical oe actuate litera- 
: 25 years 


ewness is on € ha 
referring to an individual plant, population, or 
pla - without specify 
category (variety, species or genus) is intended 
en the correct c tegory not know 
one may not wish to hazard a ay 
brtdicee distinguished from v ariety. 
and disuse of pias us and se ae 
name of Horse-ra 


rse- 
of Nomen iene for 
Cultivated Plants, approved provisionally at 


fine colored plates of South African flowers and 
in 


uth Aftican plants to reach the New World. 
e with more interest in South gale 
g books m 


Coombs, 
American Aoainan 364 p 
Eliovson, Sima, Flow i a — and a 
eh Be ws , African Gardens. pp. 


eee - A Botanist in Southern 


Africa. 686 London. 1946, A copiously 
illustrated ace t.0f p seat gene in 
the field and a woe a the flor 


Verdes Rudolf, The rs 2 as Africa. 
Capetown. 1913-1915. Many fine 

wr ee a photogr: a 

Rice, E. G., and H. Compt igo Wild 
Hwan ee ithe C Cape ee ood Hope. Kirsten- 
bosch. Two bented fifty ae, plates 
published pl the Botanical Society of South 
Afric 


International Congress of London a 
final proof state .. . should be in pied ae 
thi 


let form early this summer. 
ortus Third” ... out in ‘late 1955 or some- 
time in 1956. 


SUMMER ANNOUNCEMENT 

Southern California Horticultural Institute: 

meets the 3rd Thursday of each month, at the 
peta: oe ng at 18th and ohne. ae 

ngeles. nt display at 7:30 p.m. Mee 

ig 2 or os m. 

July: Seoike er, Mr. Ladislaus Cutak. 

pits ag speaker, Mr. Ralp os Cornell. 

Sept.: 5 ene to be announced. 


"Tt is the privilege o the oregiaice to acs 
cern poeir A orld whos. seit 
se gai remain sty and pee ey violen 


HENRY BESTON 


A newly formed SS of ine to m 
the Plant 


— 
NE ISS Alia Ee 


readers of sr ves is Pr 
pagators’ Or iixniestion took place 4 
Hotel ried Cain d, Ohio, on M rch 8 4 
and 9th, Pr dings were ‘published an 
present an excellent selection of papers a 
lem: ropagation. Further informatie 
may ad by es ith Ed 


de 
land, Ohio, Sec cearp Tiessaiec of the Soc 


SUMMER 1953 39 


Hand pollination of cherimoya. 


i 


les] 


Persimmon flowers. 


POLLINATION OF SOME SUBTROPICAL 


FRUIT TREES 


C. A. SCHROEDER 
University of California, Los Angeles 


THE FAILURE of fruit production in sag ae 


fr a trees may result from several causes, among 
it uch inadequate or lack of pc silinaiion may be 
the major cause. Li Ties factors such as ex 


cessive heat or cold, r dhitling: or 
failure to provide mo faeth soil moisture at 
critical periods also may cause crop failures 
all fruit- proguans plants require molli 
nation for the fru set, however. Among 
plants of this latter "type are the citrus fruits, 
most of the figs » Smyrna type, the 
nté anana and the pine- 
apple, to mention a pede These sepsis equire 
set 


s by an internal 
parthe noc chi 


2) 
4 


eae. most cases 
“aheg! when eriliekes with their own pollen, 
in certain fruits, such as the ar ery one 


variety must be pollinated with pollen from a 
tree of another variety, although both varieties 
ace pollen. Such plants are termed self- 
sterile. 

The following oe ‘fepresent the general 
ibsowinies which we , have concerning the 
specific pollination reiiieeaents and responses 
in a few fe the more common subtropical fruits 
in southern California. 

CITRUS 

All citrus fruits, as songs i pbdpammt set 

ain enc oO insects to 


pollinate t the flov such as 

ae Washington aaatt orange, in fact open 
re n. a —— Sa <sgs ence he! ‘hee eat 

rus bodies: 
which may le ‘objectionable in some sahinices: 

ADO 
The aie inaige of ‘pollination in the avocado 
eos — one of considerable erga and 


Ww hile the tree ace. an ndance 
of ‘bloom, panniines: a half million foaies on 
a moderate sized tree, frequently only a few, or 
cr none, of these flowers diay set fruit. 


40 LASCA 


CHERIMOYA 


STAMEN 


RECEPTACLE 


Detail drawing of cherimoya flower parts. 


The avocado flower is perfect with both pistil, 
pollen 


s 
ocado flowers a ten not to shed their 
llen when the stigmas these particular 
wers are receptive, phenomenon terme 

dichogamy. While in some instances this lack 


avocado, Eepetaenta 
oe evidence adie that the 
Sire fie is S poll inated by insects. 


CHER 
erimoya, or amiga apple, 


The cher is grown as 
a dooryard orchard t r ornamental in the 

armer areas of so an California. Frequent- 
ly inadequate fruit set is observed, although i 
many cas e plants are healthy and produce 
an abundance of flowers. It has been noted that 
th erimoya i any areas also exhibits the 
phenomenon of dichogamy. Although the flow- 


appar does not frequent the cherimoya 
hao or ohn effect pollination. Other pol- 


LEAVES 


linating insects are also oe agree visitors on 
nt. The as ak ice and_ pollination, 
been shown 


e 

to shed. This freshl d pollen can 5 
lected in a small glass vial, and with the aid of 
a all, el’s r brush can be tran 
ferred to another freshly opened flower on t 
sam her tree. The pollen is dis- 
tributed evenly over the stigmatic surface by a 
as ush, ollen 1s 


fres not allowed to dry excessively, han 
plnatio will ahi in the set of fruit of 
good s 


sees ian sellowiana, 


The fei 
ornamental g 


are barren. 


Bacher ro or m 
the feijoa if fruit oo on is desir 


Another fruiting re gaa as eee 
Carissa grandiflora, s es is 
. i It has be 


pollen in order that p 
cielo A Aue: ay ctical means of 
is to 


chance, will produce eaten ; 
insects other than es are the effective polli 
nators of this plan 


by such varieties 


mmon figs ik ewe a pawn Turk 


The 
as Missi ssion, Adriatic , Kadot 


y the Blastophaga wasp, whic 
emerged from the caprifig with some pollen 08 


Er ee 


SUMMER 1953 41 


its body. This pollen is cena. peed the Cali- conditions and on the kaki root-stock, pollina- 


myrna fig flowers bor side of the tion appears to be unnecessary for adequate 
developing fruit. If this pollen is nor provided, fruit production 
=e 3 sale formed a ae th $e ach ae = bis Sos PAPAYA 
pri ruits are obtained from 
maintain trees of this type. A few a4 fos ee Attempts frequently are made to grow the 
: papaya in California. ae plant is very tender 
fig fruits are placed in the Calimyrna fig tree 
hin the waa g Calin waa tek bigs ane cee cold and usually survives here only when 
y y on g er glass Pollination ot required fo 
half inch in as f : 
ruit-set in this pla caus l usu 
si image ally are dioecious, that is, there are male plants 
The oriental persimmon (Djs iospyros kaki) and female plants, it is necessary that a pollen- 
usually is observed £6 ie ents in crt quan- earing specimen be available near those plants 
tity. Because most of the varieties which bear female flowers. The practical solu- 
such as Hachiy oduce no pollen, tion of this problem is to grow at least three 
this fruit must set parthenocarpically Occasion- seedling plants in a grou there is a chan 
ally a natural sh fruits is that at least one may produce pollen. There is 
observed and the question a the possible bene- no practical way to determine the sex o 
fit of pollination is asked. is thought that the papaya plant before it blooms. sane series 
provision for pc li ation ait ot increase fruit papaya plants have perfect flowers h both 
rs measurably in this case, but that the under- — pistil and stamens. Such plants are ite fertile 
ying cause of excessive fruit shed is related to and will produce fruit, provided pollination 


the root-stock type emp ae in the propagation 
of the tree itself. It has been noted that all 


varieties, when propagated on Diospyros phic ; ae 
root, appear to retain their fruits better than  Pollimators such a honey bee are elimi- 
similar trees propagated on D. Jotus rootstock. nated, ge Px nd ate must be practiced 


the persimmon tree is grown under favorable _ for fruit 
4 4 4 


EDITOR’S COMMENTS 
The response to request for articles on botanical and horticultural subjects by authorities in 
their fields, has been wholly gratifying. The current material proves its appeal to readers interested 
in either or both fields. 
Potential contributors to future issues of Lasca Leaves may find the following points of interest: 


in other periodicals which might otherwise not reach the majority of our readers. Kindly send 
material to Editor, Lasca Leaves, Box 688, Arcadia, California. If material is of seasonal signif- 
cance, it should reach the editor's hand not later than the first of September, December, March, or 
June, for the autumn, winter, spring, or summer issues respectively. 

* * * 


Contributors to the autumn issue of Lasca Leaves will include Samuel Ayres, Jr., M.D., ‘“Re- 
. Sto 


flections on a Recent Horticultural Visit to South Africa;” V. outemeyer, of - aan 
of Floriculture and Ornamental Horticulture, University OE Cice Los Angeles, “Gardeni 
With Woody Plants; Mildred Davis, ‘Perennials Will Grow in California,” a pueda paper Pa 


the efficient gardener who likes to have his tani well prepared and “seasoned” for next year's 
plantings. Mr. Philip Chandler's ‘Hardy Tropicals for the Sun” scheduled for the present issue, 
is also on the future calendar of articles, as well as material from some of our contributors from 
other parts of California, and out-of-state. 
# x 

Organizations wishing to make announcements in the Calendar Column of Lasca Leaves (see 
P. 53) are asked to send pertinent data—pla ace, time of meeting, visitor oe a etc.—to 
Plant Soceities Edtior, George H. Spalding, Box 688, Arcadia, Calif., not later than the first s 
December, March, June, and September, to meet the dudeidy press ae 


42 LASCA LEAVES 


a LOS 
ee 
ee, 
eat. e 
no 


sea 


ee 5 
%' 


“4 


WN 
~ Ws 
i 


ex ~ 
Sa 


X 
eS 


SS 
a 


——: 


4 Vis 
e2)e SS W\N 
Ss Sea y 
om A 


ie 
Se rt 


— 
Ry 
A 
Ais Bs Rs, 


Fic. Phacelia tanacetifolia, showing finely divided leaves and small yale in coiled a 


Fic. B. P. Parryi, with merely toothed leaves and larger, more or less bell-shaped flowers. FIG. — 
Flower of P. minor, the coastal purple “Wild Sart, bury Bell” with constricted corolla. Fic. D. 
Haste r of campanularia, the desert blue “Wi a Bell,’ not constri E. A 


ury ric 
wer of Nemophila (Baby-blue- re), ld recurved bo between the sce as contrasted to a 
celia flower abov 


eT A ae ere OF NT ne A ee aE aE a RT Ce Te Ea ENS Tl ee Se EET TC! Oe er a ee a ee ee 


SUMMER 1953 


43 


SOME CALIFORNIA PHACELIAS 


PHitie A. MuNz 


ONE OF the most iy and diverse one 
of plants n California is 
fications treatment 


ae weedy 
perennials with a spread of evens eet to min- 
re 


ute erect slen emmed annuals 1-2 inches 
i Flo size varies from less than one 
eighth of an inc inch or m and colo 
from white or c or yellow to violet, purple 
or deep blue. The leaves may be entire, toothed, 
lobed or several times divided into fin seg 
me But one thing that almost all species 
hav m is the coiled cy 


and the any o ies are 
commonly called ild Heliotrope.”’ Phacelia, 
h ver, bear ruit which is le and 
belongs to the family Hydrophyllaceae, whil 
the true Heliotrope (Heliotropium) has the 
ovary deeply 4-lobed and prod four one 


Boraginaceae, together with the orget-me-not 
(Myosotis) Fiddle-neck (Amsinckia), 

Echi . A close seiauve of Phacelia is the com- 
mon Baby-blue es ieee foe ich can 


n parts: 5 "erect and 5 


eee - In Pha celia. ee are only the sean 


e 36 
Of the many species of pica only a few 
rab attractive © enough of rant an interest in 
aving them in our thee fall into two 
emt (1) the eP of Sp wpe d “Wi lio- 
ee wit their nu us blue or Lola ory 
€fs in conspicuous coiled cymes, ) 
the “Wil nterbury Bells’ with much ates 


: 
- €rs, somewhat bell-shaped, and 
pen, less conspicuously cymose denen "OF be 


A. Stamens with a dilation or win 


at 
bas 
abide in 
oming from elevati 
Ranges from Monterey County 
CC. Flowers abner to one- ‘half in in 
jo dea to oe an 


Net ie ik a Woe ce at eee ae ha 


center, 


te) ichee Cal 

be CC. Flowers de me blu 

Stamens without :. oe ‘dilat 
bell-sh 


not 
B. Flowers = ehird to oe oe inch pg shed or purplish with whitish center. 
Co. to San Dieg 
h inches ty violet to bluish, the oe 


Oast cay aint Mon 
BB. phi carol ts one peers one-fourt 
° 


€ same ete as the periphery. Santa Barbara Co. to Low 


ch long, aeaty whit te. 
mountains from Santa Barbara County to the 


ue, he constricted at the throat. Dese 
tion or wing, the corolla aie tes from the (we 


Wild Heliotropes’ ne most commonly 
as is Phacelia "ance This species was 
first figured in wards, Bot. Reg. 20: 
y; se shaving Been sent Le England ed 
ou men 


rdy a iving in an 
” Apparently it create 
within four years it was illustra 
British works (Sweet, British Fl. Gard. 7: 
360, 1836 and Curtis, Bot. Mag. 66: pl. 3703, 


— 
1°.) 
Ye © 
oe: 
~— 


Nir ogues down to the prese 
t has been used ¥ rie odore "Payne as a com- 
mon constituent of his wild flower mixture 


celia 
°D. cr tanh 
vallis-mortae are li an- 
€ separated, cay by 
e for 


not so n garde 


nd te counties d 
ab the Great Central Valley of California 
south to Lo lifornia and acro 
jave Desert to Nevada izona 

bo roup ra mall flowers 


g th 
vided leaves has eas scales in 


e 
and finely di 
the base of the filaments. It 


the corolla tube e at 


umm 


® 
3 
° 
3 
me, 
Lea] 
® ps 
wn 
wn 
s 
yn 
a) 
a 


secretion that ma 
and possesses a rather characteristic odor. There 
are several well known species that can be dis- 
tinguished as follows: 


bas 
al ibe about as long as the expanded limb. 


nch long, sii to violet, with paler 
ae feet, in the Cosst 
CBUOINIS, cone ke heer Phacelia Parryi 


From sg Mego 


Phacelia longipes 


age 
Phacelia minor Hy hislenia) 
id ¢ ss tec 


Phacelia viscida 


er Californ 
Phacelia grandiflora 


44 LASCA LEAVES 


e above are most apt to be found in dis- 
turbed places, paticularhy blige burns, when 
they may give color ge areas formerly 
covered wi fe s 


nstituents 
mixtures. They Ny are mle 
i ornia Poppies Showy and 
ery ornamental i ie mass 
plantings. Their aie uropean horticulture 
i bee 3 to Sot ies middle of the last cen- 

es later and they are still offered 


of wild flowe 
effective with 
bright-colored “sage 


Ns 
Fartiostely. both of the groups of eset 
so far discussed are easy to manage, seed g 


abies rains set i 
y ger ripen readily and grow Hoel 
guia eb pa ng good root 
systems and geung ready to come into flower 
i On "this “ee an bloo 


spring arrive, they 
life pase rapidly and 


y fair a4 ooh apee that 

these 5 species are bos nous to man 
people. my early days of botanielags in Cali- 
eee I frauen visited burns in the chap- 
ss since so ofte 


e upper arm. Before long I found that all 


“Tl hear you, little bird. 


species of ep ae are pies besa 
can do the job, a mbers of 
the family like thes so- called io ie. 

all gla ndular, 


m 

person in eight is s 
Of the other Califor 
can easily he own in ie en. 
hes silat i is in o. trade. 
aft 


ish- purple flow es rd inch long. 

ut it is el difficult to get good seed germi- 

nation and they also ited the Yann glands 
ich can be ee 


s Nemophila, which has 


related genus 
California 
Baby- 


Of the 
the extra rabies between the sepals, 
offers two good garden plants. 


long while. It has gone r the names 

. Menziesii and N. imsignis and is a very 
polymorphic species, havin, ces differing 
greatly in size and blueness of the ers. It is 
ound gh of California except the 
deserts ountains, A the 
foothills of the Sierra Nevada ofter 
especially desirable size. The other species, N. 
la espot, comes als Sierran 
foothills and grows from Kern to Plumas 

athe V1 


e spots. The lo 
plants attract much attention w 
Seeds of both these eles are in the trade 


Shouting, a-swing above the broken wall. 
Shout louder yet; no song can tell it all; 
Sing to my soul in the deep, still wood: 

Tis wonderful beyond the wildest word: 


I'd tell it, too, if I cou 


EDWIN MARKHAM 


“Hark! that’s the thrush; he sings each song twice over, 


Lest you should think he never could recapture 


The first, fine, careless rapture.” 


SUMMER 1953 45 


GROWING NOTES 


GEORGE H. SPALDING 


ONE of the most gratifying experiences a plan 
man can have is eed where others wee 
failed. Sarai success in grow difficult 


wi ing a 
~_* or group of at is always the goal, pe 
ery successful step towards this goal is 

miletee ne to be remembered. 


Over the years, numerous attempts have been 
made to grow various members of the Protea 
family in Southern California. To he 


Gu 
3) 
om 


tralia and South Africa egovnng shrubs an 
trees of great beauty. Some valuable com- 
me sr Ms r cut flowers, We | nave begun 


e Arvoretum aimed at learning the 
ets ae successfully growing members of the 

Pr: ae in our area 
@ Rue avian. aw ib eee into two sec- 
tions; experi in re being carried on 
ont yd Dy, he payee of all available 
data from growers in this group w 
ree of success, and 


Arboretum with va 
mixtures using several types of contain coke a 
including field planta ngs with different soil 
types and exposu 

e of our irae ocbarivense bel ace far from 
being conclusive, has roduced son 


all Paty Oo Papas with this group. 

; é evillea species (probably G 
bond were plated August 28, 1952, ina 4” 
pot. The sowing medium was Georgia Peat and 
ponge-rok in equal amounts. Seed germinated 


s 
‘ en for the experi- 
ment. All were nical | in a soil mixture com- 
posed of: 

: part soil (heavy ns) 

1 part composte - ae 
6 parts Canadia a 
4 parts scope granite 


Four plan e potted Hs standard 4” clay 
September ay 1952 n the same a the 
a eg inag planted in "C Itura’’ Peat Moss 
rhe ei ots. These pots are manufactured 
th atural peat turfs in such a manner, the 
€ individual pots are separat y saw 
ut still connected through a thin bottom plate, 
SO that bars are created fou 
idee akes vandlin ar ddec 
ote age of the “Cultura Pet is being able to 
At pot and all ies Ses in . o te “eg thus, 
lant roots are und abet trans- 


Planting, a condition ee in itself bo be of 


GREVILLEA 


Comparative aot of — 1 in 
‘Cultura’ peat moss Bo nd i 
standard clay po 


c 


prime importance. ag a two 
months the growth was more or less uniform 
ee ‘ae beg agri Following this agate 


y decided difference in the r 
of “erowth nt rs af color. 

a? ogee nying photograph taken Febru- 
ary 953, shows very well at ccnp ah 
The Sint in the “Cultu ra” pots twelve 
cea high with good green color aad straight 

s. The fou _ ae were only four in nches 
high ee ligtier a 


can be vibes rom ‘t initial experiment b 
the results obvious. It should also be noted 
in the sbinecsioh 4 that the roots e 

tura’’ pots spread He ally ell as verti- 


Aj 


cally and because es were contiguous the 
horizontal rooting was jninpedad as compared 
to Se Boeid pots. 

ts on other experiments and on 
eee of the field planting will be sublished 
in Lasca Leaves from time to time. 


LASCA LEAVES 


46 


SUMMER 1953 47 


THE HOMESITE ON RANCHO SANTA ANITA (con’t.) 


SUSANNA BRYANT DAKIN 


“Scotch Paisano,” Hugo Reid and the In- 
dian wife whom he named Victoria. Both 


California’s constitution in 1849. He in- 
troduced advanced farming methods dur- 
ing his tenure of Rancho Santa Anita 
(1838-1847). Frequently he consulted 
with his French vecino, Jean Louis Vignes, 
and the Kentuckian William 


te 


b uch diversity was rare during the 
ae days when most rancheros did 
of trouble to cultivate the land, and 


raised cattle solely for hides and tallow. 
Santa Anita became a showplace in the 
early 1840's, and Reid hospitality was 
proverbial. 

Being a literary man with a library 
unique in California, Don Hugo attracted 
many writers to his home. A frequent visi- 
tor was Alfred Robinson, author of the 
perennially popular ‘Life in California.” 
Don Alfredo enjoyed the family life of 
“old Reid,” his gracious wife, his daughter 
known as “the flower of San Gabriel,” 
and three manly handsome sons. He 
wrote of the homesite: 

“It is one of the fairy spots to be met 
with so often in California. On the de- 
clivity of a hill is erected a molino or 
grist-mill, surrounded with fruit trees and 
flowers. A beautiful lake lies calm an 
unruffled in front, and all around fresh 
streams are gushing from the earth, and 
scattering their waters in every direction.” 

William Heath Davis was another inter- 
preter of the early scene who experienced 
Reid hospitality in its heyday, and record- 
ed his impressions: 

“During our stay as guests at Santa 
Anita (for two months preceding Christ- 
mas, 1844) we feasted daily on good food. 
For breakfast we had honey (the produc- 
tion of the land, and in fact everything we 
oult 


scrambled eggs, co sarap for breakfast; 
tortillas made of flour or corn, ... This 
composed the first meal of the day. The 
cloth was neat and the furniture of the 
table was exquisitely clean. 

“As the house clock sounded the noon 
hour, visitors were summoned by the maid 


48 LASCA LEAVES 


servant to the dining-room for a midday 
meal, a solid meal (here Davis inserts 
mouth-watering recipes, mentioning home 


past,” says he, 
respect to neatness and in preparation of 
the food.” 
The one meal Davis also described 
uscript preserved at the 
ae pha concluding: ‘This fine 
ner was served with old wine of the 
sacle of the Mission of San Gabriel, and 
custard, and pies, and coffee. 
oth Reid and his wife are “epicures, 
and they had everything (their own 
market place on the hacienda) to entertain 


Indian woman showed that her husband 
could by no one be regarded as a ‘squaw 
man’)—Dofia Victoria had a fine Indian 
cook who had been educated in the art at 
the Mission of San Gabriel, though the 
lady herself superintended more or less in 
the preparation of our good living....A 
Castilian lady of standing could not have 
bestowed on us any greater attention or 
graciousness.’ 


The husband and wife Davis described ‘ 


s ‘living very happily together.” In a 
final comment on the housekeeping of 
Dofia Victoria the visitor said, ‘beds 
which were furnished us to sleep upon 
were exquisitely neat, with coverlids of 
satin, the sheets and pillow cases trimmed 
with lace and highly ornamented.” 

In his well-known “Seventy-five Years 
in California,’ Davis claimed that Santa 
Anita at the time of his extended visit was 
“the most picturesque spot of Southern 
California, mountains, valleys, 
springs and running silvery streams. You 
would observe in riding over the rancho, 
its having more than its pro rata of tower- 
ing and over-spreading liveoak trees, man- 
zanita, laurel, and other forest in compari- 
son with other ranchos,” 


(To be continued) 


wit 


SCRATCHBOARD PLANT 
SKETCHES 


ALFRED C. HOTTES 
Silverleaf ; Cenizo: cap sng texanum iS a 
exican sh zrowing 8 |. The flo vi 
are a violet-purple, cH aleced, vith a 5-lobe 
limb, axillary, 1 inc SS, 
The leaves are silvery tomentose, peek pi 
tire, obovate, to 1 inch long. The shrubs er 
excellent he dges in un- irrigated den 4 t me 
may be a as $s nn hru 
Stable 


— do wel ‘he poncie valleys 
nia, in the sou iisien areas especially. 
Fa ail y: Scrophulariaceae 
miliar relation: snapdrago 
Name: means ‘white leafs” 


ko-fil-u 


Br and 
sn mF Cali 


* pronounced lew- 


es 


SUMMER 1953 49 


height in centimeters : 
right, 100 cm:: 50 cms! 30) 
cm.; 7.5 cm. Right: detail of 
dew gauge and supporting 
frame, 


Arboretum Dew Gauge Station No. 1 


THE DUVDEVANI DEW-GAUGE 
R. J. SEIBERT 


WHEN man first started to think and 
Ponder about the natural phenomena 
around him, dew, no doubt, incited his 
‘urtosity. Depending upon his mood, he 
"i avoided _ its cold early morning 
d ch, or playfully kicked it off some 
ump of grass to clean his dirty feet. 
Mette. its effect on lants has been 

ed by many and is thought to be a 


major source of water supply for certain 


barren rock in 
Peruvian desert. Certainly Bromeliads, 
and Lichens growing on pure rock in rain- 
less areas, must have to obtain their mois- 
ture from the atmosphere and from dew. 

his fact may be borne out by both mor- 
phological and anatomical evidence. Dew 


50 LASCA 


and atmospheric moisture must be respon” 


sible for the rather luxuriant “belly plant” 


growth found on certain rainless areas of 
the ial desert during the fog season 
of e 

Until recently it appears, no reliable 
means of recording amounts of dew pre- 
cipitation had oe satisfactorily devised. 
With neither quantitative nor sapere 
dew data available little competent re- 
search regarding dew and its effect on 
plants could be undertaken. 

For several years the Government of 
Israel has maintained a Dew Research Sta- 
tion at Karkar, Israel, under the direction 

of S. Duvdevani. 

Duvdevani has been able to pleat a the 
first practical means of recording amounts 

of dew precipitation as well as ééitain 
other related ie bearing on the subject 
of dew formatio 

Essentially he, equipment for recording 
dew consists of a specially treated block of 
wood, upon which dew formation may be 
observed through a series of water pat- 
terns. These various patterns may be com- 
pared with a series of photographed stand- 
ard patterns, each of which is numbered, 
each pattern having a and minus 
value which permits the eating of all 
stages of intergradation between the major 
Patterns formed by a 
mixture of both dew and rain, or rain 
alone, are easily distinguished from those 
of dew alone. The recording consisting of 
reference numbers and letters may then be 
translated into actual fractions of milli- 
meters of dew bal reget each — 
Recordings are made at sunup or very 
shortly gray before eraecein shall 
have taken 

A series of she four dew gauges rang- 
ing from ground level to one meter above 
ground provides with relative accuracy, 
and comparison between wet an sea- 
sons, the basic dew formation and pre- 
cipitation for a key spot under observa- 
tion. 


Ww gauge serves a function which 
the rain ape has never touched, since 
amounts of dew precipitation provide i in- 
sufficient water to flow into a rain gauge 
where it, in turn, could be recorded. 

For those who may be further inter- 


LEAVES 


ested: the Duvdevani Dew-Gauge and re- 
lated equipment, as well as complete in- 
structions and pertinent literature, is now 
commercially available through C. F. Ca- 
s 


Square, London ngland. 

As a result of his basic development and 
research on dew, Mr. Duvdevani was in- 
vited to Earhart Laboratory at Cal-Tech to 
carry on a year’s research on dew and its 
effect on plants under eaciled laboratory 
conditions. In collaboration with his prto- 


first dew-recording station in the United 
States, with Dewey E. Nelson as observer. 

Although natural plant species of Israel 
are different from those in this country, 
there ar f 


S. Duvdevani may further his investiga- 

n in our area where dew may be a very 
telling factor in the tila of our natural 
vegetation. His s most certainly 
will be of jaienible: interest to all con- 
cerned, especially to those whose work 
deals primarily with plant material of 
semi-arid regions of the world. 


LIBRARY ACQUISITIONS 
agra is the 


Krauss, Wynne woo 

Krauss sent 26 rb ps { 

year. The gift as a hate is of singula 

eS . since the original r references are 

ly from rare book reference material a 

only in aise library collections either in this 
abro : 


tude 
icitioanete 5 begonias will now find in - 
ibrary a small onivee re of orginal source ™ 
terial on this subje 
* 
added to the 


ur original pa aes were a 
Mira 


Charles Broughton collection of botanic 
horticultural studies, as a gift from Mrs 
aunders, to whom wi 


first presented the T 

tionally faithful potuayals rel the plants, 
. We roud to have 

ks in 


Saunders, because they are oe 
and considered Califoeciane collectors ite 


ow 


— 


SUMMER 1953 51 


EATHER RECORD—1952 
Los Angeles State and ere Arboretum, Arcadia, California 
J. T. McGauH 


PAN 
EVAPORA- 

ION 
TEMPERATURE RAINFALL INCHES 

1952 AVERAGE PEAKS INCHES MONTH 

MONTH IN MAX, MIN. MAX. MEAN 

ary HF pty 63.6 28.0 78.0 50.5 15.550 0.920 
February 39.3 69.5 31.0 83.0 54.4 5 1.610 
f 38.5 64.8 31.0 86.0 51.6 7.875 SchPD. 
April 44.5 72.2 38.0 92.0 58.3 2.960 1.735 
ay 49,3 pe | 40.0 92.0 67.2 4.690 
June 50.5 $12 44.0 100.0 65.9 010 4.915 
July 55.3 94.5 48.0 105.0 74.9 5.700 
57.0 95.4 51.0 104.0 76.2 6.045 

September 56.6 95.7 45.0 105.0 76.1 210 5.355 
ctober 49.1 84.4 43.0 99.0 66.7 __ 3.500 
November 42.6 70.2 34.0 88.0 Lg 4.670 1.605 
December 39.8 66.1 33.0 86.0 (0) 4.380 0.930 
— inches—34.230 38.780 


Highest temperature of 105° F. was recorded on three days: July 27th, Sept. Sth and 7th. On 
ids eh a ey pao re of 90°F. or over was recorded including 15 days when the temperature went 
a O°F. 

est temperature of 28°F. was recorded on the nights of January 2nd, 3rd and 4th. On 
nights at a ap tS haa of 40°F. or lower was recorded including 12 nights when the reek clot 
was 2°R. 

Notice ate € smog was recorded on 67 days, being unusually intense during the months of May, 
September and October. From October 20th to October 29th, inclusive, ten consecutive days of 
smog was reconiee. 

onths of May through October were hot and dry with an evaporation loss of 31.205 
inches. pet these dry months only .22 inches of rain was recorded. 

ar was recorded on 59 days. The heaviest precipitation was in January when 13.35 inches 
fel During the storm from January 15th through 18th 9.43 inches was recorded. 5.60 inches of 
this fell in 24 hours between 4 p.m. January 15th and 4 p.m. January 16th, 1952 


WEATHER RECORD—1952 
University of California, Los Angeles 
Subtropical Horticulture Area 


PRECIPITA- 

TEMPERATURE TION 

AVERAGE PEAKS TOTAL 

1952 MIN, MAX. MIN. MAX. MONTH 
panuary 42.9 63.1 34 82 11.61 
+ ruary 42.4 63.8 34 77 3 
) 43.4 64.3 35 84 9.00 
+ ii 48.3 68.1 43 82 1.86 
J af 53.0 72.1 48 78 0.00 
faly 52.7 72.8 46 84 0.00 
ee 57.1 79.4 51 88 0.00 
“ai 58.3 83.2 54 93 0.00 
ptember 52.8 80.1 48 92 0.20 
4 51.6 73.7 45 90 0.00 
‘ November 43.9 64.1 37 75 3.38 

BS  scember 43.5 65.7 35 82 4.2 

q Total inches 30.37 


52 LASCA 


LEAVES 


COMPARISON BETWEEN THE FLORA OF ISRAEL 
and SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 


FLW. 


THE climate of Israel, Spain and other 
Mediterranean countries resembles that of 
southern California in many respects, and 
we find that many parallels 


California has become dry in rather recent 
times, the Mediterranean and surrounding 
regions have been arid for many millions 
of years. Consequently, we find a large 
number of parallels and a number of dif- 
ferences between the vegetation in these 


tives of the blueberry, such as manzanita 
and Arbutus; in the Mediterranean areas, 
the main types are oak, pine, sages and 
leguminous shrubs, with also Arbutus. In 
the drier regions a typical desert vegeta- 
tion is found, both in Israel and in south- 
ern California, which in general appear- 
ance look very much alike. In California, 


are found in washes in the drier areas; 


numerable annuals after the proper rain. 
In the Israel desert, we find, in addition, 
a group of plants which are not found in 
southern California. These are the plants 
which are able to grow in strong salt con- 
centrations and which are found along the 
shores of the Red Sea and the Dead Sea. 
Apparently the youth of the California 
desert has prevented the development of 


WENT 


extreme types of salt plants. All of our 
plants of saline habitats come from coastal 
marshes. 

Some of the most prominent desert 
plants in southern California have origi- 
nated in Chilean deserts, which are much 
older than ours, for example, the mes- 
quite and creosote bush. Here in south- 
ern California, we find a gradual change 
over from the chapparal to the desert 
t into drier areas, fewer 


In Israel, however, the situation is very 
different when travelling from the coastal 
Mediterranean area southward. The Meat- 
terranean shrub vegetation gradually be- 
comes replaced by a steppe vegetation 
which differs fundamentally from both the 
Mediterranean and the desert vegetation. 
This is the so-called Irano-turanian flora. 
Only after having passed the broad belt of 
this new floristic element does one ¢f 
counter typical desert vegetation. This 
Irano-turanian vegetation has its origin 10 
the semi-arid regions of Persia and Turkt- 
stan where for millions of years the same 
general climate allowed the development 
of a very special steppe type of vegetal 
Many of t valuable cultivate 
plants, such as wheat and other cereals, 
peas, etc., belong to this Irano-turan- 
ian flora and thus we see many of the an- 
cestors of our cultivated plants growing 
in Israel in the vegetation belt between 


the coast and the desert. Other plants like 


the oncocyclus iris, tulip, and gladiolus 
grow in the same area. Thus 
in Israel does not only gather the impre 
sion that all the time he is treading gro 
hallowed by human history, but the botan: 
ist also feels that he is seeing an area that 
j 


the traveler 


acai la 


SUMMER 1953 53 


is the cradle of so many of our cultivated 


plants. 

Professor Zohary, the head of the Bot- 
any Department of the Hebrew University 
in Jerusalem, pointed out some other very 
interesting facts about the Irano-turanian 

ora. ereas, normally we look at seeds 
as a method of dispersal of plants, h 
pointed out that plants might be better off 
if they did not try to disperse their seeds 
over a large area. After all, the successful 
growth of a plant in a particular spot in- 
dicates that it has found its proper grow- 
ing conditions. Why should a plant scatter 
its seeds all around instead of re-establish- 
ing itself in the same place? Actually Pro- 
fessor Zohary showed that a large number 


o 


face in the plant where the original plant 
grows. Or, in other plants like some of 


ripen. Or, the seed pods remain attached 
to the plant instead of dropping off and 
being dispersed. 


When we look around in southern Cali- 
fornia we find that only a few plants have 
developed such special mechanisms, re- 
ducing the dissemination of seeds. One 
of the most typical examples is Oeno- 


the seeds remain enclosed in them 

It seems that there is a causal relation- 
ship between the lack of dispersal of seeds 
from Irano-turanian plants and their im- 
portance as food plants. Only plants of 
which the seeds do not scatter upon har- 
vesting of the ripe plant can be made into 


of the Irano-turanian plants, and thus it is 
easy to collect seeds; whereas, in many of 
our wild desert plants, the seeds are scat- 
tered immediately upon ripening and 
therefore are hard to collect. In the Irano- 
turanian plants, seeds can be collected by 
picking dry plants and putting them in 
bags. Since the seeds are so large and do 
not fall off anyway, even paper bags full 
of holes can be used for their collection. 
However in desert plants, we need paper 
bags without any holes if we want to keep 
eds, 


CALENDAR 


American Begonia Society, Glendale Branch, 
eae the 4th Wednesday of each month, at the 
Pesaie Afternoon Club House, 400 North 
Central Ave., Glendale. 7:45 p.m. The follow- 
ing dates should be noted: 

une: Mr, Alfred Roberts, speaking on Ferns 
7 uly: Mr. Ladislaus Cutak, speaking on 

tides Foliage Plants. 

ugust: Mrs. Carol 4 i 
y rican seg rolyn K. Rector, speaking on 

€pt.: Mrs. Louise Schwerdtfeger, speaking 
on yicgonias or Hanging Baskets. c 
ing, are welcome. Plant tables. Social 


American Begonia Society, San Gabriel Branch: 
=i the 4th We nesday of each month, at 

asonic Temple, 506 South Santa Anita, Ar- 
cadia. 8 p.m, 


a Society: second Wednesday of the month 

Si asadena Women’s Clubhouse, 58 South 

terra Madre Ave., Pasadena. 8 p.m 

am and Succulent Society of America, Inc.— 
Bi-ennial Convention at Arcadia, Calif., 


center of Los geles on U.S. Hig 6 

ormal meetings will be held in the private 

dining room o nter’s Cafe. Lo s for 
ajor portion of the delegates will in 


touch with Homer Rush, 820 West 115th St., 
Los Angeles 44, Calif. 


Orchid Hobbyists, San Gabriel Valley: meets 
the 3rd Thursday of the month, at Michillinda 
Women’s Club, 736 South Rosemead Blvd., 
Pasadena. 8 p.m 

Pacific Rose Society: Picnic meetings planned 
from May to October at various locations, by 
announcement. Watch the local newspapers. 


Southern California Camellia Society: no meet- 


ings, May-October, inclusive. 


54 LASCA LEAVES 


NAMES, NOTES AND NEWS 


Little oe Club of Pasadena becomes the 
p Life Member of California gat 


e from a letter from Mrs 


Club of Pasadena, regardi 
way in which this club, 
members raised the funds $s their life mem- 
bersh ip 
“the past two years the Little Garden 
Club “ot Pasadena has had as its project the 
evement of a life membership in the Los 
Angeles State anes eee Arbo se Just this 
month (i.e. March 1953) sufficient funds have 


e 
sale of a garden calendar. To this w 


er a fal peers 

These covered a wide variety of activities: mak 
g and sale of card-table covers; woodcraft 
products ; ecue accessories; ristmas 
wreaths; sale garden supplies on commis- 
n; donation of services for a club program 


To the Little sadena, a 
melee life welcome to pp bet Aiea 
undat 


Rancho Santa a eae Garden reer ge 


California. Open to visitors, of April 1, 
53. This botanic garden sided in 1927, 
was originally located in the Santa An iver 


each spring many hundreds of the Californi 

Id flowers and flowering shrubs, such 
ag ell California Lilac; anzanitas, 
Tree ol ae Matilija Poppies, Fremontia or 
Slippery Elm; and Cercis or Red-bud. ving 
moved at Claremont the botanic 
garden has been closed for the past two years 
oct aoike ie , while new plantings were 


e Ga ve aioe is scheduled to be open daily ex- 

pa Saiiise afternoon and Sunday from 10 

. to 4 p.m. During the Fy or3 it is open also 

on i Setatdan afternoo yns. Admission is without 

charge and visitors are welcome without having 
ents or reservations, 
weaned. A further change in 

formerly in vogue is that 
no picnic a are provided, since nearby 

city and cou i 


a member of the staff to be 
er for conducted wal 
the Orange County site it was customary 


have a flower oe in the a ~ with 
the s com 


pact an fj abe i € the 
growing plants are Resi visitors can see the 
plants as living thi nd n w will 
eld. Comedies wit of the 
staff on the grounds is possible for those who 
have questions as to use 0 plants for 
ir home gardens, where t be ob 
tained and how to handle them 


t takes some years to develop a mature gar- 
nd_ trees necessarily, there- 

fore, small as yet, but there is enough develop 
ake a visit le for those 
specifically interested in California’s rich and 
er ora—one of the most beautiful and 


s 

The Botanic Garden's out one: 
eighth mile north “of Foothill pid a (High 
way a at 1500 North College ewe 
Clarem 
este Visi IE 
any, Un ow of bie ait, Nethe veers vad 
arte’ ary-treasurer 
tion for Pla eal 
specialist on the alae of Suri 
Lan 5 ee is on a to of botanical institution 
of the United States and - 
other expeaitio n to Suri 

Dr. Joh nston, 
Medias 

arpe eli "Purnoloaist U.S.D.A. 
Rubber Station, Turria oe Costa Rica. 

ms ert Rands, former Head of the 

Divisio of Rubber Plant Investigation, Plant 
Tota Station, Beltsville, Maryland. 


nada, prio an- 


“Arnold Arboretum, 
eae neal 
Dr. 


ill 


pasar and bean Silat a America W 
onvene in Arc co for its in 
Tay this year. Among the many noted mem 


will be Ladislau k, orticulturist 19 
Charge of Conservatories at th issourl 
tanical Garden in St. Louis J 

f special interest to our readers is the “h 
gagement of Mr. Cutak as speaker at the July 
16th meeting of the Southern California Hort 
cultural Institute tak has made a nu 5 
ber of plant collecting trips poet ye Mexico, : 
an excellent photographer, a expert © 

h the taxonomy and cultur a pores succu- 
lents, and bromeli 


Mr. 's calendar in southern Califor - 
also ee his speaking on ‘Tropical — 
Plants,” at the Ju ie meeting of the Ame ah 
Soe Society, t ednesday of af 
month. [See Cilenda aes in these pages 


al Bal te) 
Chairman, sponsored an Ar 


arer, 
pera on the grounds of Los Angeles 


SUMMER 1953 55 


State ond County Arboretum. Funds for the 


purchase of twelve m magnolia trees representing 
en species and varieties, were contributed by 
the following clubs whose representatives were 
present for the planting ceremonies 

evi0 ills Garden tudy 
Club; Southern California Horticultural Insti- 
tute; Home Garden Club; Las Jardineras; Lo 
Angeles Garden Club; Northwest Garden Club 
Pacific Palisades Garden Club; Garden Section 


lubs, Inc.; Garden Planners; 
Little Garden Club of Pcie plus an indi- 


BOOKS: REVIEWS 


The Years in ne Herb Garden—Helen M. Fox 

author of Gardening with Herbs for crates and 

Fragrance, Patio Gardens, Abbé David’s Diary 

(Pinch translation), etc. The Macmillen Coy 
$ 


€ 

: r 
tee neal with oo nd all this sais 
u e ha a them, cooked with 


om 
x furthermore that it is quite acerencits gi 
n the herb ga tden with sat lyhocks, 


and old. fash 
no ay or pltcye they all hive 
herbal nls and rapes tion : 
ter ‘‘Thymes iad Other | Ground 


w 
ed a gardens, the leeks, 
‘ties there is a host of desirable 

mental iligans native to the mountainous 


vidual contribution by Mrs. Harry Bauer. 


California Leura! Soviet meets at the Ar- 
boretum: On May 23, some hundred and fifty 
cones of the Cali boris Historical Society 
n the historic site of Rancho Santa Anita, 
t Ss 


cadia. view e newly restored 
Baldwin Queen Anne Cottage, an bene ent 
i the ssshegeetng Comsnittes of The A oe 

undat under the oe of Maur 
Block highlighted the meeting. 


and COMMENTS 


regions of California, Persia, and Central Asia. 
These come readily fro m seed and the umbellate 
ers range in i 


be longer g the many named varieties 
described, Fox considers the lavender- 
tinted roseate Allinm platycaule from Lower 


ce of herbs is unique in that it 
pervades the coke plant—to be released at a 
touch. Mrs. F 


given on rth by the w 
upo climbing the stony, 


Bi 
° 
5 

abe 
=] 
Bp 
oS 


blind. Included in this book is the design of 
the John yler Arboretum a , Pennsyl- 
vania, 0 sie a number of herb gardens through- 
out the country which have been planned es- 


pecially for the blind. 
ative American herbs used by the In- 


purposes. Illustrations of excepti 
and detail of various individual plants, and of 
rs, own two famous gardens—her 


earlier one, ‘Foxden, 
“High a nd Low” in sou 
areal add immeasura nb to on 
and interest in the ; viidition, a number 
of herb garden gh oe are saciid , as well as 
As ea cu pee ay experiment 
and p 


later contribute y by Mrs. Arthur D. Richard- 
Itaden Cahtornik. and Mrs. Mary E. 
Boer. Claxton, ” Missouri. 
Mira C. SAUNDERS 


Arnold-Forster, W., Sirs fe the Milder 
Counties. London 


Lord, Ernest E., re sot Trees for Austral- 


56 LASCA 


ian ng bed Melbourne. 1948 

Hoyt, Roland S., Check Lists of the ayant 
Plants of Subilopacal Regions. s Angeles. 
1 


938. 

Horticultural information on plants for sub- 
ce ise areas is obtained fr 
ou We in S 


Antal: in having three books recently belay 
for other parts of the world w e also 
equally of interest and eehices ahs and are 
well-known A 

ey eninels (see 38), 
the other po shee 


home gardener might easily pass by 
bo a on a plans fo Dalia African or Australian 
gardens and c onder where the “milder 
countries” without Tesla att chotllent 
plant coicetin n be obtained from these 
books. All thre ence esc noted above list plants 
for exposed sea coa - or windy locations in- 


e grow in “Southern Cali- 
which we mig 


n try. De- 
scriptions the ‘peng in ciation, notes on 
eir various dines tas . uses, methods of 


soils, genie etc:, 


all are of interest and use to the subtropical 
gardener, ther live Sout rica, 
Australia, Cornwall or Southern California. The 


three volumes are well aR pal with photo- 
graphs in black and white and c 


Moar aeaad 


pli ‘he Weather: 

the Weather 
Pla es: 
Index. $2. 


A Revision of 
. T. Morris ek 
N.Y. 1953. 


bie courtesy of Th eeu ce 


: W eather (a complete 
sion of Knowin eather) involves 

developments which have taken pl 
past te i 


by giving unda- 
mentals of weather in - simplest form so >that 
he can understand ‘what the claims of the 
ih are all abou 


eather is ies Mr. Longstreth 

“but man has eet his eyes not to see. 

Before he x lise! the dark glasses of urban life 
and ended in the subway, man re e sk 

firty well. The Indian, the sailor, the herder, 

and even the housewife hanging out the clothes 

to dry understood the signs of wea that 
eatened their occupations. To t u 


clo 
sensitive to siete variation of temper. erature, air 
moisture, wind or current, and they write out 


LEAVES 


what is to come for all to see. If there is any- 
thing ia is open and aboveboard, it is the 
atmos pher 


nders oe the Weather contains chap- 


ters on cyclones, winds, s, fog, rain (old 
style), a (mani -in note thunderstorms, hur- 
ricanes, torna re her 

maps aa a section devo ed to forec asting with 


regard for the a r. There is a biblio graphy 
as well as a slossary ‘ol seiey seat term 


The Aloes 


In the last issue of Lasca ae 


species of A 


ar 
there cue ay 


of the species are pure white, 
most of them are scarlet, as 


an added econ Scar ner 
that Bailey recommends pro tion - 
the word aloe with fee silibles a a eon 
name—i.e. al’-o-ee; but with two syllables a 
common name— ee 

California's Arboretums and Botanical Gardens 


gx abeth McCli — boogie gy 
t 


of Sciences, San Re p in 0 

Journal a the Californie nae tural Socie } 
4, d 2, Jan. and April 1953, 

ine aairt ra hg ecient brief ee 
of such instinidinad as are established in itd 
fornia. Si t points about each, oe 
directors, their particular botanical collections 
and horticultural offerings, their locati WF 
iecnetit: vantages are adequately pop ioe 

e information should prove helpful to Ca 
visitor and student, as ide and reference 7 
his special botanical or horticultural antes A 
For a Opeaht about availability of copies 
this reprint, write to the author, Department oy 

poni Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, 
Calif. 


CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION 


BOARD OF TRUSTEES 


FUCA 33 vas Se EL a ans ee oe ea SAMUEL AYRES, JR. 
VICOP TOME. isos cox Foie eS a Mrs. Harry J. BAUER 
P 1CO-PPEMACNE Coes eis hes ke a es ROBERT CASAMAJOR 
TPN i Se hee a Howarp A. MILLER 

MANCHESTER Boppy WILLIAM HERTRICH 

RALPH D, CoRNELL JOHN C. MACFARLAND 

Mrs. RicHARD Y. DAKIN SAMUEL B. MOSHER 

Mrs. THOMAS FLEMING Mrs. WILLIAM D, SHEARER 

JOHN ANSON ForbD Frirs W. WENT 


HONORARY TRUSTEES 


Mrs. J. E. HARTON Fred W. ROEWEKAMP 
CHARLES S. JONES Roy F, WiILcox 


LOS ANGELES STATE AND COUNTY ARBORETUM STAFF 


ROUSSEL E Sans ee aa ee see Director 
RS WORIGE Fi AGING 4 605) 58k ve wae Coe aes Superintendent 
LOU DUARTE Cy aoe os sss tw oe Fs Plant Physiologist 
NOOR EINES BU cs wind Unie elo iw eo aka s Propagator 
J. OU Re SEN es hi ewe ed ee Plant Recorder 
JIEWHY Tic DURING eo oe ae ok vend 6 es we Historical Curator 
THELMMA Gc DUAREMAR 8S. 8 oes Vedas va Ge can bees Secretary 
JANET WRGHT. oF Gs a Research and Library (part time) 
MEMBERSHIPS 
Manuel Asspciate Memibetghin sci. 45 0 css ea oe ne $ 5.00 
Annual IMACEAUCRSTND yon 00 oe Ca Ss cats cee ee ea 10.00 
Annual Contributing Membership.............0.0.-000005 25.00 
Annual Sustaining ne eee een ear eet ger 100.00 
Annual Sponsor Membership, oj... 1 466 es ei 250.00 
late Menibetshigs. 052 a eee oon rpms eke 500.00 
Founders:..020 7. a ee eee $1,000.00 or more 
PCURESITGIE so Cd ng eee am 5,000.00 or more 


Club memberships are available at any amount, from $10 a year or more. 
All contributions deductible under Federal Income Tax Law. 
ADDRESS 


Box 688—Arcadia—California 
Telephone DOuglas 7-3444 


Oreratep By 
CaLirornia ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC. 


: Vol. Ill, No. 4 


SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURAL INSTITUTE 


OFFICERS 1953 


RE AG ocala cata ucts tate He cca es FRED W. ROEWEKAMP 
BOE ge oe, OP A SO a ae ar RALPH H. CORNELL 
PORTO he Os no Paes oe Lie Vaan x Se deg Okie dr GEORGE H. SPALDING 
FMM Mang oka PS ee Re KENNETH BISHOP 
PCOCHION SOLMRION I eis Va Co ven le 2h baw es RONALD B. TOWNSEND 


BOARD OF DIRECTORS 


WILLIAM BERESFORD EARLE E. HUMPHRIES 
MANCHESTER Boppy MILDRED E, MATHIAS 
HowarbD BODGER ALFRED W. ROBERTS 
PHILIP CHANDLER VERNON S. STOUTEMEYER 
Percy C. EVERETT RONALD B, TOWNSEND 


RICHARD WESTCOTT 


ADVISORY COUNCIL 


SAMUEL AYRES, JR. Murray C. MCNEIL 
ROBERT CASAMA JOR MANFRED MEYBERG 
HEnry R. Davis LOVELL SWISHER, JR. 
HuGH EvANs Roy F, WiLcox 
MEMBERSHIPS 
PAVE WR hs yng ee ek RSE ERE $ 5.00 year 
ROR ON RMS etn oe oe ed om ea eb eyed Ged xe 5.00 year 
Associate (for individual in member group only)... 2.00 year 
Coprrinetinge WARNE 6 ooo ee io hs aww a 25.00 year 
Copminiteral MGMOR 6c 5c ie oo 50.00 year 
EAU NERO EE ee oie once eis ghee wn d SI OO 50.00 year 
AE POCORN es hab aares ou wien cual wachones 500.00 


Ask the Secretary about privileges of each membership class. 


MEETINGS: 3rd Thursday each month at Park and Recreation Building, 
18th and Toberman Streets, Los Angeles, California 


ADDRESS 
Box 688—Arcadia—California 
Telephone DOuglas 7-3444 


LASCA LEAVES 


The official publication of the Southern California Horticultural Institute 
and the California Arboretum Foundation, Inc. 


EDITORIAL COMMITTEE 


ROBERT CASAMAJOR MILDRED MATHIAS 
PHILIP CHANDLER PHILIP A. MUNZ 
WILLIAM HERTRICH RUSSELL J. SEIBERT 


EDITORIAL BOARD 
Arboretums and Botanical Garden 
Northern Califoenia—Eutzanern Vereen 
Santa Barbara—KATHERINE K. Mu 
eng: ia eek B. eee 


Econorc: Biaits 0 tua eee ee RUSSELL J. SEIBERT 
Geo- deat pe Plant Patentss os Soro eer ae Louis C. WHEELER 
Parietal 65 2 sog-5 1s bake pga are ine 7 Mrs. RICHARD Y. DAKIN 
Hostess eT Oe Te ee oe VERNON T. STOUTEMEYER 
Landscane Designs fu ve ole oe ee R Cor 
Aine Calitoria WOM ae ae ee cy C. EVERETT 
ig tanta: 2 eA A ergs ellen ear a ong eani Bay ROBERT CASAMAJOR 
Omitholopical yishik cal aah Smear aca Boe a er a W. DAN QUATTLEBAUM 
Plank Matettshs (00 sus oF ich MILpRED Davis, PHILIP CHANDLER 
Plagt Pathoiaey oho: oi ch eh Os ee PIERRE MILLER 
Plant Sorbie ius oy wedi ewe ee once ee GEORGE H. SPALDING 
Propepatiqn (oo oye ie ya es cos ; INN BUCK 
Succuletie ors co soe eb er eee ALFRED C., HoTres 
Taxohonny. Gf Byotieny 62. Goes rie ee MILDRED MATHIAS 
Taxonomy OF Natt... ch eo ae Puitip A. MUNZ 
JANET WRIGHT, Editor 
VoL. III OCTOBER, 1953 No. 4 
COMNELENTS 
White ele tea: Native California Plants for 
ender Use. oe ees Ps oie K. Muller 59 
aan INOUES Sec oo ere eee bce Co hoe Sear eee anel apenas eorge H. Spalding 61 
Southern eee amare ae Institute 1952-1953. Te W. Roewekamp 62 
Report of Aches: 1 ic a are ald B. Townsend 62 
California praia: Foundation, Inc., Annual Report, ae siya 64 
felichrytum: peleghatime 3 ee ON ag ce vanes sae ed AE bs oh 69 
Grasses for Our Home Lawns............ R. J. Seibert and Louis B. Martin 70 
Bitd Notes. << cee ne ee W. Dan Jc nuhaeaaame 7 
Perennials Will Grow in: Califomia: «os choi... es veh ase dred Davis 74 
eflections on a Recent Horticultural Visit to 
outh HED iit oe ees desta hari Sev wee ie teeio ees oh Samuel Ayres, Jr. 76 
citar’ s Crp as ee hei as chr cee eas 
ames. INGtés aiid INC eu rate ee is a ky cin Ge Biota el vn lb ted emacs a 79 
Cover ek ee rN ei seo ae hice bs Wah ace a's 79 


Fullugia paradoxa, Apache Plume 


AUTUMN 1953 a 


WHITE FLOWERING NATIVE CALIFORNIA PLANTS 
FOR GARDEN USE 


KATHERINE K. MULLER 


WHITE FLOWERS are widely used as ac- 
cents in garden plantings, while charming 


ready been accepted in the horticultural 
trade and are 


Species suitable for almost any garden 

ll of them are easily 
8town. Those to be dealt with here, how- 
ever, should offer no horticultural prob- 
lems to the gardener. 

Fragaria chiloensis, Sand Strawberry, is 
already known as a desirable ground cover 
plant. Covered with a mass of white flow- 
 €rs in the spring, it is attractive through- 

Out the year because of its rich green 
leaves. Although it is widely publicized as 
_ 4 ground cover for areas of considerable 
_ 8iZ€, one of its most attractive uses is in a 
_ harrow border not more than a foot in 
_ Width along garden paths and flower beds. 


Mass of herbage 10 to 12 inches high. It 
bI an inconspicuous plant except when in 

0om, but in late spring it bursts into a 
Mass of white flowers 1 inch across which 


make it easily one of the showiest plants 
of the garden. So dense are the star-like 
flowers at the height of their bloom that 
the underlying plant structure can scarcely 
be seen. By summer the flowers are gone 
and the finely divided leaves beginning to 
brown. The plant is then ready to be cut 


easily grown and 
sandy soil, often seeding itself when once 
established. 

Little attention has been given to the 
white flowered species of Oenothera as 
subjects for garden culture, although the 
pink and yellow flowering species are 
often cultivated. Oenothera deltoides is 
an annual with branches which spread out 
in cartwheel fashion from the base of the 
stem. By the middle of spring the large 
4-petalled flowers, up to 3 inches across, 
begin to open and continue into summer. 
This Dune Primrose is easily grown under 


evening. In 
found especially useful in borders and on 
rocky banks. 

Romneya coulteri, Matilija Poppy, is well 
known to gardeners, having been culti- 
vated for many years. Its large fragrant 
white flowers with their big orange-yellow 
centers are its most attractive feature. 
Blooming in June and July it reaches its 
heaviest flowering at a time when the gar- 
den is apt to be in a state of summer dull- 
ness. This is a tall-growing perennial 
which should be cut back near the groun 
after flowering. It is best used in a large 


Carpenteria californica in Santa Barbara Botanic Garden 


space as it tends to spread by root sprouts 
and is not readily confined to a small lo- 
cation. Smaller strains of this species 
which fit more readily into the average 
gare den are sometimes avail: ible. 


Carpenteria californica is a beautiful na- 


tive plant which has found its w: ay into 
limited cultivation both in this country 
and abroad. It is a densely branching 


shrub growing to a height of 6 or 8 feet 
with simple oblong leaves which are dark 
green on the upper surface and grey be- 
1eath. It blooms for a period of about 6 
weeks in the late spring with white flowers 


somewhat resembling those of Philadel- 


phus. The flowers have 5 white petals 
around a mass of pale yellow stamens and 
reach a diameter of 2 to 3 inches. ear 
the coast Carpenteria grows well a full 
sun, but inland it is better to plant it in 
filtered sunlight. Although it is a drought 


enduring shrub, the leaves remain more 
attractive when it is given summer water. 
From the arid southwest come two 


white flowering nae sper es of the Rose Family 


which are especially good in hot dry loca- 
tions. Fallugia pare id oxa, Apache Plume, 
is a diffusely branching shrub with small 
finely divided grey-green leaves. In flower 
it is a handsome plant for it is covered 
with pee flower stalks which project be- 
yond the foliage, each bearing a showy 
white flower resembling a small single 
rose. From each flower there develops 4 
cluster of small dry fruits with long afted 
soft pink plumes, making a feathery ball 
up to 3 inches in diameter. The flowering 
season starts in May and continues until 
September with a gradual transition from 
full flower to full fruit. Apache Plume 1s 
readily grown in cultivation and is espect 
ally suited to dry banks and eae . 
stansburiana, Clit Rose, . 
somewhat similar to en 
but in many ways more attractive 
shrub or rarely a small tree with severa 
slender erect trunks and small ee 


Cowania 


~ ° nN 
dense clusters on dwarf side bri SS ; 
1€ 
the heat of the day or when crushe« 
resin- 


glandular leaves give off a pleasant 


AUTUMN 1953 


ous odor. ve slightly Sago ce 
borne branche eam 


velops a group of 5 o 
with a thickly tufted plume. Cowania is a 
vigorous grower, can be pruned as desired, 
and requires a minimum o of summer water. 
It is best planted in full sun along the 
coast. 

Lyonothamnus floribundus var. asplent- 
folius, Santa Cruz Island Ironwood, is dis- 
tinctive not only fot its huge inflorescences 

small white flowers, but also for its 
fern-like leaves and shaggy grey bark. 


61 


This tree from the Channel Islands of 
California usually grows with erect 
trunk to a height of 18 to 30 feet, but may 
branch at the base to produce three or four 
more slender stems while in moist canyons 
on Santa Cruz Island it reaches 45 feet in 


rodu 
o 18 inches across, are so densely massed 
that the big white clusters make a striking 
display when the tree blooms in earl 
summer. Although summer is its blooming 
season, occasional inflorescences develop 
throughout the year in Santa Barbara. 
Santa Cruz Island Ironwood grows readily 
in cultivation and needs no particular type 
of care. 


GROWING NOTES 


GEORGE H. SPALDING 


Cyphomandra betacea 


This interesting plant of the nightshade 
family Resear ceae) is one of the edible mem- 


bers, a uite decorative as well. It will 
make a pent or, if kept trimmed up, a 
small tree ie olga or fourteen feet. The 
flowers are clusters, and the fruit 


oT Bileeca gee about 
Gre t first, it turns poe red, 


brings up a po in 


whic 
Practices that Ps ty pace emphasis 


Never buy or use plant —— os has sh 
t boun tainers. Thi 


in the small pot ha ~~ 

eventually strangled the t 
To n to our fe, ee set of C ae. 
man ade betes is sub-acid in flavor and can be 

res 


‘een “However, it is pees 


No special care is beast a n growing except 
to remember that the plant is not reliably hardy 
and is especially tender when young. 


AUTUMN CHANT 


“Now the autumn shudders 
In the rose’s root. 
Far and wide the ladders 


Lean among the fruit. 


“Now the autumn clambers 
Up the papier 

And the rose reme 
The dust from which it came. 


rame, 


“Brighter than the blossom 
On the rose’s bough 
Sits the wizened, orange, 

Bitter berry nou 


“Beauty never slumbers; 
All is in her name; 
But the rose remembers 
The dust from which it came.” 


EpNa St. VINCENT MILLAY 
The Harp Weaver and Other Poems 


62 LASCA LEAVES 


SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURAL INSTITUTE | 
1952-1953 : 
ANOTHER SUCCESSFUL YEAR in the history of the Southern California Horticultural — 


Institute has come to a close, and high hopes are held for its future in the light of its” 
past achievements. ! 


et Nib 


One of the major accomplishments of the past year has been the development of a 7 
publication which reaches not only the membership of the Institute but an increasing — 
number of people interested in the development of the Los Angeles State and County 
Arboretum—itself an accomplished objective of the Horticultural Institute. Formerly 
a publication solely of California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., the quarterly known as _ 
Lasca Leaves is now a joint periodical of the two institutions, as announced in the . 
Spring, 1953, issue. Through the fine professional members of the Editorial Board, it 
gives expert, up-to-date articles and information, in addition to timely news of other : 
arboretums and botanic gardens, which makes us realize that this new phase of com- 
munication is most valuable. 4 
The month of March marked the Fourth California International Flower Show, held 
at Hollywood Park, Inglewood, Calif. It met with outstanding success. This flower 
show came into existence through the efforts of the Horticultural Institute. (See Lasca 
Leaves, Spring, 1953, issue. Vol. HII, No. 2, p. 12.) During last season it achieved the i 
reputation of being the major show of its kind in the United States—and we are really 
just getting started! When a spectacle of this kind is presented to 200,000 enthusiastic 
visitors from all parts of the world, as recorded this past year, it is bound to have far 
reaching effects. ; 
These and other events of a successful past should be an incentive to further achieve 
ments in the future, which we confidently expect. ; 
FRED W. ROEWEKAMP, President. 
Report of Activities 


Chairman of Monthly Meetings and Pro- 
grams: Mr. Philip Chandler. 


Reeves Nurseries; Jay Gooch, and : 
architect; Dudley Hickman, landscape 4€ 
i 


The following summarizes the programs 
held during the past year, at Toberman 
Playground Auditorium, 18th and Tober- 
man, Los Angeles, the 3rd Thursday of 
each month: 

mber 18, 1952: Tropical Plants 
for Southern California, with particular 
emphasis on Bromeliads. Mr. Mulford B. 
Foster, famed plant explorer, of Orlando, 
Florida, outlined the culture of these 
plants and illustrated them with colored 
slides of specimens both in their native 
habitat and under cultivation. 


gner. J 
November 20: Trees for Southern Cal 
fornia, a talk by Leroy Chetwood of K 
line- Wilcox Nurseries. 4 

December 18: Christmas Color in Cali- 
fornia Gardens, talk by Jay Gooch, Land- 
scape Architect of West Los Angeles. ' 

January 15: The Fruit of Your Garden 
panel discussion led by Richard Westcott 
of Paul J. Howard Nursery, assisted 
Dr. Walter Lammerts, and Mr. Dillon. 
their cult 


March 
Giridlian, 1952 Editor, Bulb 


ews. a 
April 16: Roses, both old and n 


| 


AUTUMN 1953 


discussion led by ““Mirandy’’ (Mrs. 
S. Bauersfeld), assisted by Dr. 
Walter Lammerts and John VanBarne- 
veld. 
The Mixed Flower Garden, 
panel discussion under leadership of Ray- 
mond Page, with Mrs. Mildred Davis and 
apes Bodger assisting. 
un : Face-lifting the Garden, talk 
and et by Ralph Cornell. 

July 16: Tropicals for the Sun, talk by 
Ladislaus Cutak of the Missouri Botanical 
Gardens, St. Louis, generously illustrated 
with slides 
ust 20: Turf, its care and mainten- 


on the Las of the speakers and panel 
assistant 


Plant a Chairman, Dr. Mildred 


fornia at Los Angeles (UAL LA se 
port of previous plant forums is printed 
in the monthly notices. A of plants 


eception and Membership: aes 
Mrs. Maria Wilkes, who with her co 
mittee is mainly responsible for the bet 
ying increase in membership. 
Arboretum and Street Tree 2 cilsld Si 
an, Dr. P 


of | epartment 
: nternal Revenue ees that begin- 
ing May 26, 1951, the date on which 


63 


the Articles of Incorporation of Southern 
California Horticultural Institute were 
amended, exemption from income tax was 
provided in a code, since the Institute is 
organized a 


tributions made to the Institute, on or sub- 
sequent to May 26, 1951, are deductible in 


to present sees of the above ruling in 
this Annual Report. 

September satis the opening of a new 
year of activity of the Institute, with the 
follo owing officers and committee chair- 
me 


gue Oe geders sheng FRED W. ROEWEKAMP 
View eee AE rN V. T. STOUTEMEYER 
SECIGIALY. porns med a GEORGE H. SPALDING 
RPeaSrITer 4.5.0: Seren oak KENNETH BISHOP 

Chairmen: 
oe Sh fontaine tee PeGGy SULLIVAN 
ae Sree RONALD B. TOWNSEND 


ARIA WILKES 


UDG os eas eee see BoDGE 
= apg cat Bund 62 ie MANFRED MEYBERG 
Sant BOLUM e cod ee em DONALD WOOLLE 
sa "ee Displaya: JOHN WATERBURY 
Pasadena Flower Show.... . inp ee BISHOP 
Lasca met Wee Siena et he ie ig a 


ED MATHIAS, nae A. MuN 
pecan! Flowe er Show 
. .JACK Evans, LOVELL SWISHER 
RED 


reel ies 
Respectfully submitted by 
Ro 
Executive Secretary 
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
HORTICULTURAL INSTITUTE, INC. 
FINANCIAL SUMMARY 
July 1, 1952, to June 30, 1953 


Total Income 


Membership: 
peering use et $ 37.50 
Wale ee eee 20.00 
Cosuatelal es eae eer 405.00 
$1,062.50 
Publications .......... 4.00 


a Flower 


2,315.83 
421.75 


$3,804.08 


Tot slain Income... 
Total “sa aren renee 2,237.76 
Total Fixed hie ae 5,020.09 


64 


LASCA LEAVES 


CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC. 


Annual Membership Meeting 
June 16, 1953 
ANNUAL REPORT 1952-53 


CONSTRUCTION: 

County Capital Improvement work on 
the grounds this fiscal year has consisted 
of: 


1. Grading, paving and preparation of 
the parking area adjoining the west side 
Baldwin Avenue between Colorado 
Blvd., and the staff entrance, just north of 
the forecourt area; included are staff and 
service entrance gates 

2. Paving of the north loop road 
through the north acres and the Tallac 
Knoll road; this completes the major pav- 
ing of Arboretum roads. 

3. Installation of north loop water 
main and primary and main sewer spur 
lines along the future building area. 

4. Installation of sprinkler systems in 
the parking area, the northeast nursery 
area and throughout the southeast section 
of the Arboretum, including a portion of 
the Historical Preserve. 

5. Construction of an aluminum lath 
house on the permanent lath house site. 

6. Drainage facilities were improved 
through the remodeling of the old 4 foot 
drain gate of the Lagoon into a spillway. 
FORECOURT PARCEL: 

The County has purchased some 3.6 
acres of property which will form the 
main public entrance and forecourt off 
Baldwin Ave. 

HORTICULTURAL PROGRAM: 


More than 3,500 plants were set in 
permanent positions on the grounds. This 
is more than double the number planted 
last year. Both our growing and planting 
program are accelerating and the perma- 
nent plantings are beginning to show the 

ults. 

The Arboretum Magnolia collection was 
considerably augmented by the gift of 13 


plants in 11 species and varieties by var- 
ious garden clubs as their Arbor Day pro- 


tion. Additional redwoods and metase- 
quoias were planted near our establishe 
redwood to form a small grove. 

Two large plantings of Ewcalypius were 
made in the Australian section of the 
grounds, and a sizeable planting of Aca- 
cias has been installed at the north end of 


number of species, in the country. The 


some very interesting data. 

The field nursery trial areas are d 
veloping very satisfactorily and addition 
plants of promise have been observed. 


e- 
al 


A considerable quantity of seed has — 


been collected of rare and unusual plants 
which will be used to augment our col- 
lections and a portion distributed for test- 
ing in other sections of Southern Cali- 
ornia. 

The Bottlebrush collection was planted 
1 ion in the Australian 
section a ow 
drought resistant these 
what poor soil they will tolerate. 

Maintenance of all plantings has been 
kept at as high a level as possib 
limited staff. The resulting 


brought the plant collections to a point of 


considerably enhancing the appearan 
the Arboretum grounds 

A shipment of seed 
the Forestry Department of Israe 
given 
terial for an authentic biblical garden. 


and cuttings from 


Our extensive collection of forty-five 


1 has4 
us a good start in obtaining ma — 


species of bamboo has also been planted in 


its permanent location in the Pa 
Bamboo area. 
LUX ARBORETUM ANNEX: 


ae . on- 
Minimum maintenance has been ¢ 


Im and — 


| 
| 


| 


AUTUMN 1953 65 


ducted on the Lux Plantings. Certain of 


hill frost-free conditions. Dr. Lux, who 
has acted as Honorary Curator of the Lux 
Arboretum Annex, contributed much time 
and effort in watering the collections and 
has gathered together about 125 varieties 
of Camellias which he has planted on the 
Annex. Plans have been completed by the 
Foundation for hiring a gardener-care- 
taker to be employed at the Lux Arbore- 
tum Annex starting this next fiscal year. 
RESEARCH PROGRAM: 

A. Under the County Agreement, re- 
search has been conducted on: 

. Trees and shrubs suitable for use in 
parks, parking lots and center, side, and 
intersectional panels of road_ rights-of- 
way. In this program have been in- 
cluded plantings of the mallee type Ew- 
calyptus, the Bottle Brushes—Callistemon, 
Calothamnus spp. and Melaleuca spp..— 

‘oleaceae, Acacias and Bamboo. 

_ 2. Evergreen turf grasses and soil bind- 
ing plants suitable for use in and aroun 

County Golf Courses, Play Grounds, Ath- 
letic Fields, Parks and Institutional Build- 
ings. Approximately 50 turf grasses and 
125 ground covers have entered into this 
Program. A natural selection of Blue- 


apy g, having shown both 
initial fine drought resistance and winter 
greenness, 
3. New frost resistant evergreen 
plants, The year produced no unusual cold 
Weather in which to make critical frost 
tolerant selections ; however, records were 
taken on all damage done to plants during 
the winter. 
Ornamental trees and shrubs with 


is B. Under. Louis B. Martin’s guidance, 
€ completion of the March, 1952-53, 
Phat between the Foundation and 

onsanto Chemical Company for the pur- 


pose of testing Krilium Soil Conditioner 


number of the’ plots to be observed over 
longer periods. 

. Dew precipitation observation. Re- 
cording of dew precipitation by means of 
the Duvdevani Dew G i 


LIBRARY : 

Classifying, cataloguing, shelving, in- 
dexing done. Shelf-listing underway. 
LASCA LEAVES: 

With the Spring Issue, 1953, joint pub- 
lication with the Southern California 
Herticultural Institute was achieved. The 


was appointed 
will continue, January, April, July, and 
October. 
PROGRAMS—on “The Arboretum” 
Messrs. Nelson and Benson have pre- 
pared an illustrated series of lectures to 
show the many notable features of the 
Arboretum. This lecture has been 


places within the city as the Arboretum, 
left more or less as nature intended them. 


The following are groups for which 
Mr. Nelson and Mr. Benson gave their 
program: 

All Saints Episcopal Church—Jr. Women’s 
Gui adena — 


Civitan Clu rcadia 

County of Los Angeles—Board of Supervisors 
and County Employees—Hall of Records 

County of Los Angeles—Division of Scales & 
Weights es 

Crystal Lake Recreation Department—Crystal 

ake 
Daughters of the American Revolution—Ar- 
i ter 

Daughters of the American Revolution—Santa 

Ani ter 


First Congregational Church—Pasadena 
Kiwanis Club— i 


Kiwanis Club—Sierra Madre 
Lady Bug Garden Club—Altadena 


66 LASCA 
Lake Arrowhead Woman's Club—Lake Arrow- 


a 
Club—A 


Lions cadia 
Medical Wives. pee ae oe Gabriel Val- 
ley 
di Neen San Gabriel Valley Branch 
Native Daughters of the Golden West—San 
Gabriel Valley 
O.—Arc 


: ia 
Pesbyterian Church—Schooners Club—Arcadia 
Pre = an Church—Schooners Club—Mon- 


Ex- Presidents of the a 8 — Associa- 
San Fernando V 

beesedre Clu ae aia oy 
South East “Raps yA Society—South Gat 
Woman's Clu wood—Garden Racin 
Woman's Club of Monrovia—Garden oe 
Woman's Club of Monrovia—Jun 
ARTICLES engreston 

Several articles have been published in 
various Saipan other than Lasca Leaves 
during the past year. Dr. Seibert having 
six pei Mrs. Shearer one and Mr. 
Martin on 
PUBLICI ae 

The nen a pie furnished the 
Arboretum by the Los Angeles area dur- 
ing the 1952-53 =tate year has included 75 
articles and 56 illustrations, inclusive only 
of those clippings which have reached the 
Arboretum office 


ALKS: 

Twelve talks have been given by the 
Arboretum staff since July 1, 1952. Dr. 
Seibert, seven; Mr. Spalding, one; Mr. 
Nelson, one; and Mr. Martin, three 
PROGRAMS, TELEVISION AND 
RADIO PUBLICITY 

Dr. Seibert and Mi Nelson gave two 
radio programs; one taped and one live 
program. Mr. Spalding and Mr. Martin 
gave one television program. 
CONTRIBUTIONS OF SPECIAL 
MENTION: See Lasca Leaves, Spring Is- 
sue, 1953. Vol. III, No. 3, p. 54. Names, 
Notes and News Col 
LIBRARY ACQUISITIONS: See issus of 
Lasca Leaves as noted immediately above, 


p. 50. 
HOLLYWOOD GARDEN CLUB: 

We are indebted to the Hollywood 
Garden Club for a contribution of $100.00 
toward the purchase of (i plants for 
the Arboretum s were used 
for the purchase of 12 palms for use at the 


LEAVES 


Service Entrance. [ Note: Hollywood Gar- 
den Club should be added to the repre- 
sentative clubs participating in ia Arbor 
Day program, as note of the 
above mentioned Lasca See Spring 
issue. | 

VOLUNTEER WORKERS: 

Dr. George P. Lux, acting as Honorary 
Curator of Lux op Hy Annex, Care 
of Lux Arboretum Anne 

W. Dan Quattlebaum, “Weed Control. 

Mrs. Ruth Spalding, Office hours. 
GROUP TOURS OF THE 


ARBORETUM 
4,322 individuals were conducted 
through the grounds on guided tours, 


different interests, e.g. 
other school groups ; aedea Ciabs etc. 
MEMBERSHIP OF CALIFORNIA 
ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, oe 


Annual Associate Members.......--- 


Annual Members. .«.... 0-03 6% e900 a 
Annual Contributing Members... ..-- 46 
Annual ot Members.......-- 2 
Bate MOINDES. o66.s oaicica eens oe es 12 
Founder Satis Beads oe ewmons ’ 


Honorary Life Member 


Total of 333 Members—of which 62 are | 


Garden Clubs. 
EXCHANGE PUBLICATIONS: 
112 institutions to date 
45 Foreign 
67 United States 
Increase of 7 over last year. 
FINANCIAL SUMMARY 
July 1, 1952, to June 30, 1953 


Total Income 


emberships ...... $ 3,537.00 
Subventions— 

A. unty.... 56,600.00 
Endowment Fund... 600.00 
Architect Fund..... ,650.00 

rounds Transporta 
Se ee 105.00 


— me —" 


ial—Cash 
ar ae 1,739.00 
FRPTIOES! 2 potas oc cae 3,862.50 
RINNE (a dawiet iss 10,467.02 
Publications ....... 14.50 


Total Expenses 
Total Fixed Assets... 


Pcs FO ee Peres, 


j 


AUTUMN 1953 


Total Non- -cas sh 


ints; ase S$ °2.238:85 
Flower Prints & 
RINGS 0 = cote 50.00 
Arboretum 
Equipment ...... 12.50 
abor 
(Administrative) 77.00 
r (Arboretum 226.80 
Photographs & Film 84.25 
Survey & H ae as 4.10 
Plan Séeds.24.2 02.15 
Bes ‘materials and 
Se Ger eater 6,859.99 
10,055.64 
Historical Committee 
und 
Resenve 25.400 wee $ 6,070.32 
Income = © eee ees 45,152.00 5122252 
“ 
Res eioreahi work. 48,587.67 
Garden Tour Fund 
ReScive ww noon $ 2,886.85 
INCOME fos ke 99.02 2,985.87 


pire sta ee 1,984.42 


isc GIFTS RECEIVED 
BY THE ARBORETUM DURING 
THE PAST YEAR 
ne of money donations: ) 

BEN H. H-—110—35nim Kodachrome 
“Slides of the Arboretum prior to 19 
K, Mrs. WILLIAM —4l eu 
specimens of — Plants. 

FARNHAM, GEO. J —35mm Kodachrome 


—— 
Hace Harp pian: DeWald Dado Blade 
HoLioway, ‘Hou (ite 100 Economat 
Masters a 500— 


nd 1 ‘Typewoies Ribbon. 

8 x 10 Arhoretasn Maps. 

R.— Crystal es (or- 
0 


OF CoMMERCE—2 
“Horicoiell pein Chart.’ 
Los Nevis Shag CLuB—104 Loads of Com- 
posting Str 
=< Rie AN ais. Cocks E Co., Pasadena—stor- 
e and delivery of re Baldwin coach. 
Nicsasicte CHEMICAL 


aA 
yg 
Ro 
wn 


0 . Wet Krilium 189-W. 
GE, Miss “ALICE—One picture— “Three Zones 
jee 


100 Ibs. of Cadi cyanamid. 
R of Remix. 
Bian te, LEE Gyro Engineering Co. 
. hehe 2. Soil “ain 


67 


RosTLer, Fritz S., Golden Bear Oil Co. 
5 Gal Cans of Golden Bear Dust ee 
SANTA ANITA CAMERA SHOP—7 Cut Film 
Holders (4 x 5). 
ee ne Mira C.—Four Broughton 


SouTHERN ee Serre MFRS.— 
oad Re a ae one vin 
a Otto P.—N 
Ibs. Ma an “Hydride. 
—2—8 x 10 Saath 
ees NS — color 
n Anne — ; e on 


e Arbor 


haa Chemical—5 


LIBRARY eee 


AMERICAN BEGONIA SOCIETY LIBRARY— 
books. 


Ayres, Dr. SAMUEL, JR.—1 book. 
BEHRENDS, Mrs. DoroTHy—3 books. 


Fesris, Dr. HUMBERTO A. a pamphlets. 


Hoak, Miss CHARLOTTE—20 paces, 
JUHREN, GusTaF—2 Re rints 
KIMBALL, M. H.— phlet. 


oks. 
eh meil pamphlets, 90 peri- 


ery books, 2 periodicals, 
1 pamphlet. 

MartTIN, Louis B.—1 book, ‘as periodicals. 

1 Garden Horti- 

Is.). 


MiL_Ler, Dr. HYMAN—1 
sage ae: a GLapys—108 agen 2 


PuGH, cr RD—5 pie ieee 
NIC GaRDEN— 13 


ROLLINS, REED C.—4 pam phlet 

SEIBERT, Dr. R. J.—12 ieee. 
110 pamphlets. 

= S ere EvaNns—4 reprints 

TrauB, Dr. HAMILTON P.—1 pamphlet, 2 fe- 


'89 periodicals, 


ints. 

VERDOORN, cua aye bg pamphlets. 
WENT, Dr. Frits W 

basin, Leg eos joan ‘Lucky” Bald- 


n Est 
WinLtans, Mas FRANCES R.—6 periodicals, 3 
Wien. nr books. 
GIFTS OF PLANTS AND SEEDS 
RECEIVED BY THE ARBORETUM: 


ApELAIDE BOTANIC GARDEN, Australia. 


ALLAN Nursery, So. Carolina. 
Ayres, Dr. AND Mrs. SAMUEL, JR. 


68 LASCA 


BADGLEY, Mrs. FRANK B. 
BANKS, FRE ED M, 
BAUER, cae Harry J. (Magnolia collection) . 
BECK, LLo 
BEHRENDS, “hive Dorotny S. 
DW. 


spans SEEDS, 


CAGNEY, J. i ehkinecy 


, JIM 
CHeviot HILLs GARDEN CLUB (Magnolia col- 
ection 
CLARKE, J. HaroLp 
COLUMBIA oe 
RA 


AVIS, MILDRE 
DEIGAARD, MEDC Oe Nursery 
DELKIN 
DE OLF, GorDoN P. 
DIMITMAN, he's 
DUNCAN & DaAvIEs, “1 
DuRNELL, Mrs. CHAS 
ERB, Ir 
EVANS & RE nce ich omg i 
EVERGREEN Nu 
FAWCETT, E 
FAWCETT, HAR 
FERREYRA, Sey Lima, Peru. 
iysrnto a lige 
FLOTHE 
FOSTER, (for 
GARDEN Cui a ae PASAD 
GARDEN STubDy CLuB (Magnolia r alieebuas 
GARDEN PLANNERS (Magnolia collection) 

W. 


IM 
’ 
GIRIDLIAN, a“ N. 
Ky DR, A. 


CLiusp—Garden Section 


B (Magnolia collection) 
HorTrTes, ALFRED 

padabag 4 JAMEs F., 

Hoyt, R 

HUNTINGTON BOTANICAL GARDENS 

IMLE, Dr. E. P. 


LEAVES 
INTERNATIONAL FLOWER SHOW—Educational: 


JOHNSON, E 
OHNSON Nursery (Howarp) 
- WILCOX NURSERIES 
ND Mrs. MartTIN B. 


LANGFORD, MIC 
LAS JaRDINERAS oo Cus (Magnolia col- 


kerr eee CLuB OF PASADENA( Magnolia 
collection ) 


Serine! 5 Arce 
LOREN 
Los ANories os DEPT. OF RECREATION AND 


Los oe GARDEN CiusB (Magnolia col- 
lection) 


Lux, Dri G: FP. 
MARSHALL, Mr. AND Mrs. Harry C. 


MENNING Mrs. E. 
MIssOuURI Boranicat —— 
MonroviA NURSER 


OoRE, Mr. AND hoes ALBERT R. 
Moore, . WM 
MorTON AR BORETUM, Lisle, 
NATIONAL ao AL ee Kirstenbosch, 
So. pos 
NELSON, 


iat perdi a 
New York Bo ine eae 
NOoLaNn, Mrs. vera Se, 
NortTHRUP KIN ipo 
NORTHWEST aes CLUB (Magnolia collec- 


vara 
O’ Don Dr. rth, Australia 
Pacitic PALisaDés ghey ae Cus (Magnolia 
ee ETT 
WE 


QUATTLEBAUM, W. DAN 
Rar Ra AJRANG gree RNGe, New Delhi, 
Geek. ALBERT 
REEDER, MABELLE C. AND FRIENDS 
E. 


ICE, W. 

ROCHESTER, NEw YorK, PARKS Derr. 
OEWEKAMP, Frep W. 

ROSECRAFT GARDENS 

SEIBERT, hale 

SLICK, 


SORIANO, oe. oe ina, So, Am 

sa CALIFORNIA inericuaed IN- 
STITU 2 Meee collection) 

SPALDING, ‘Gas E H. 

STONECYPHER, he 


= 
nw 


TR 
Su ponmices 
ANN Rr, MRs. RALPH 
TOWE “a as C. 


peo eea ee 


SW : 
PICAL EXPERIMENT M. aon wean 


AUTUMN 1953 


B, Dr. HAMILTON 
GELES 
a 


F PLANT EXPLORATION AND 
Weonuerane Bae Md. 


69 


U.S.D.A. Div. oF PLANT EXPLORATION AND 
d. 


INTRODUCTION—Glenn Dale, M 
WELLS, Dr. a bul, 

WENT, Dr. Frits W. 

WHITE, Mr. jes ess. Bel oe 
Woop, CLYDE C. 

WOOLLEY, hous 


Detail of flower 


HELICHRYSUM PETIOLATUM 


eee aie Mr. Alfred Hottes has 
techie Bones: example of a most interesting 
; nique botanical ilustration, including the 
pie de : both of his 


weed Everlasting: Hell-i- 
om he Greek, sun and gold, 
the flower. 


anatum), is a rathe 
with slender shoots that are 


laty 
Mon shrubby plant 
and with woody stems. The leaves are 


Vinelike 


ae eget oy at the base, white and woolly 
ote flowers are small, e 
r 


as ne ‘ ss S 

a greyish and a towtis are really not attrac- 

ee is one ot aca which could easily be 
fil 


called Dusty Miller. 
Its more yeamlia relative is the common 
annual srawtlower, H elichrysum bractec 
Tses. The irregular habit of cecal slaats 


it =e » seep hillsi 
ted above its flow 

a Nines gp so one can keep this int at gaia 

back when grown in more refined situations. 


LASCA LEAVES 


GRASSES FOR OUR HOME LAWNS 
R. J. SEIBERT and L. B. MARTIN 


ONE of the research projects at the Ar- 

boretum has been the development and 

maintenance of various lawn grasses. This 
program has been guided by: 

. Desire for grasses or grass combina- 
tions in our Southern California area 
which will provide a year-round green 
lawn, emphasizing drought tolerance. 

. Need of the home owner for a place to 


—" 


N 


home lawn preparation 
ance in the Southern California area. 
The first grass plots were started during 
the summer of 1950. The number of plots 
and grass species has been increased since 
that time. Observations have been made 
on many of the common lawn grasses. Se- 
lection and isolation of certain grasses 
with potential value for warm season 
lawns has been under way. As this project 
continues, the most desirable grasses will 
be isolated for further study. It is hoped 
that such a program will result in the ful- 
fillment of the needs outlined above. 
Thus far, two grasses have been of par- 
ticular interest to us, namely the Bermudas 


or 
o> a 
oO 
wv 
oO 
es 
< 
° 
cr 
m 
° 
ec 
ey 
is) 
aan 
a9 
oad 
~ 
nA 
an 
oO 
“a 
z 
fa.) 


brief in order to indicate the scope of our 
k 


work. 

Cynodon dactylon—Bermuda grass. Ever- 
glades No. 1, No. 2, No. 3: Single plot 
of each of these Bermuda strains were es- 
tablished at the Arboretum in May, 1952. 
Plugging material was obtained from 
UCLA. Larger isolation plots were estab- 
lished in May, 1953, using plugs from the 
1952 planting. In general, the growth 
habit of these strains appears to be more 


uniform than that of common Bermuda; 
the absence of long, coarse runners being 
notable. Summer color ranges from the 


green color. Of the three, Everglades No. 
3 would seem to be preferred both as to 
leaf texture and summer color, for home 
lawn grass. Figure 1 shows the leaf tex- 
ture of Everglades No. 3. 

U-3 Bermuda: Our material was ob- 
tained from UCLA in 1951. Plantings 


winter. This strain, 


r 
green considerably earlier in the spring 
than any of the other Bermudas observed : 


appear possible to combine the Bermuca : 


to produce a year-round green lawn. | 
Zoysia—This grass is native to tropical 
and eastern Asia. Various species af 
recognized by the following 


common — 
names: Manila grass, Japanese lawngrass, — 


Z. japonica—Japanese lawngrass: es 
coarsest appearing of the Zoysias. Seed : 
six strains 
Arboretum from 
Maryland, in 1950. Small plots were q 


a] 


tablished from this seed that same yeat — 


= 


d 
a 
z 
i 


Pip bale aeaayl Shae) ( 2 SN OP A Sie SANE eh ee nr ee 


IA3W 


K, 2 
i 

ON 
NO 
< 
Y 
> 


Bes 


if 


V77FVLYW WISAOZ ea 


ee leaf shape and texture of ee warm season gras Note the some 
ysla jaf See text for ica explanation 


4. 
ane fins 3 af of the Meyer's Zoysia, a strain of 2 


> large olantings were made in April a year and a half with a dense, leafy mat. 

‘ f < 
1950 plots. Summer color is a light green, winter 
our color, straw. No observable strain differ- 


using sprigs from the 
ences have appeared within this material. 


G 

stowth of Z. japonica is moderate ; 
SDrio 5 
Sprigged plots were completely covered in 


72 LASGA 
Figure 2 illustrates the leaf appearance of 
one o ese strains. 

japonica—Meyer’s or Z-52: 


vegetative clone. 
1952-53, it retained its green color several 
weeks longer than the other strains of 
this species. See Fig. 3. 

Z. matrella—Manila grass: This species 
has narrower and shorter leaves than Z. 
japonica. Dr. C. V. Piper brought speci- 
mens of Z. matrella to the United States 
from the Philippine Islands in 1911. The 
Arboretum’s first planting was through 
seed obtained from Beltsville in the sum- 
mer of 1950. Nine of a total of twelve 
seedlings were selected in the spring of 
1951, on the basis of retaining some 
winter greenness. 
made from the:e selections, one in filtered 
shade and the other in full sun. Both 
plantings are doing well in their respective 
locations. 


= 
<< 
a 
as 
om 
N 
a”: 
c 
oO 
Lan | 
}-) 


m 

successful plots of grass. Selections based 
on winter green color, leaf shape, and leaf 
texture have been made from various 
seedlings of this second planting. Of par- 
ticular interest at present are the selections 
established in the spring of 1953 between 
the double driveways at the future en- 
trance to the Arboretum. From these selec- 
tions may come one of the grasses which 
will eventually be used throughout the 
Arbo ig. 4. 


e; a 
clone, supplied by Ken 
Yuma, Ariz. The vegetative ma- 


Rogers, riz. 
grown well though slowly; the 


terial h 


LEAVES 


seeded grass has made very poor growth, 
exhibiting extreme variability of leaf 
shape, texture, and color. No winter 
greenness was observed during the 1952- 


sias in General: The chief apparent 
difference between the species Z. japonica 
and Z. matrella is in the size of the leaf. 


lawn condition. 

The one disadvantage of these grasses 
is their winter color. It appears from our 
preliminary observations that variation for 
winter greenness is greater within Z. ma- 
trella than within Z. japonica. It is on the 
basis of this that our present selection pro- 
gram is stressing Z. matrella as one start- 
ing point for a single grass, or a combina- 
tion of grasses suitable for this particular 
area. 


Blue Grasses: Two blue grasses have been 

considered worthy of investigation. The 
first of these is Merion blue, a compafa- 
tively new introduction. Fall plantings 
develop into a deep green, spongy, thick 
turf in a short time; however, during the 
summer months considerable difficulty — 
arises in keeping this turf in top condi- 
tion. Carefully planned and regular care — 
is required and many questions are still : 
unanswered as to what are the best main- — 
tenance practices for this grass in our area, — 

The second blue grass we hav 

“Lucky Baldwin.” An old lawn 
grass, mixed with 


origin or past natural developm "a 
blue grass; consequently, seed and vegeta 


| 


AUTUMN 1953 a3 


tive material have been isolated for further 
study and identification. Because of its ap- 
parent naturalization through the years, it 
is possible that this blue grass holds po- 
tential value for wider use in our area of 
Southern California. 

Of the two grasses, the “Lucky Bald- 
win’ has shown better warm ng and 
drought tolerance than the 

imi 


’ A possible answer 
to the desire for an all- -year green lawn 
may be found by com ae cool an 


the other predominates, the net effect be- 
ing a green lawn at all times of the year. 
Although too little is known to state 


ollowing combinations are now 
under observation at the Arboretum 


. Everglades sag : lugged into aie: 
lished Merion e = 

. Everglades aaa 5 lugged into estab- 
lished Merion P - 

. 0-3 Bermuda ue into established 

Merion b 
. Merion es plugged into established 
Zoysia japonica. 

Merion blue plugged into established 
Zoysia m atrella, 

“Lucky Baldwin” 
established Z. japo 
The natural combination of Bermuda 
and ‘ mee Baldwin” blue. 
In time, the scope of the grass research 
ane ae will probably be restricted to the 

tther refining of a few grass species and 
Species combinations showing the desired 


in dr Les) No punk 


i 


ste plugged into 


Py 


ment was it Na 


qualities of drought tolerance and year- 
round greenness. The testing of new grass 
introductions under the growing condi- 
tions of Southern California will be car- 
ried on; however, such testing will be ac- 


lawn care 

From time to time we hope to inform 
our readers of the further progress in our 
work on home grasses for this area. 


BIRD NOTES 
W. DAN QUATTLEBAUM 
The varied habitats at se ig se — 
“hou 


it attractive to —e ir e-to- 
house”’ census has bee ade i = Mahone m. 
The widely tattered Tecels of 1953, which I 
give here, were made from incidental observa- 
tions. This list ee e fairly complete, and it 
may not. Pied-billed Ne pvt gr Ret oa 
female which came the fall of ’52 and, in 53, 
ated with a “tame” Mallard. —Red- bellied 
awk, Sparrow Hawk, Valley Quail, Ring 
necked Pheasant, i i 


Coot, 


Ww 

Flicker, pee Guoaies “Flycatche r—anes‘ed 

bird-house which bai use had u caries, — 
Black s : ee “aa Titm 

Bush- tit, Slender- billed Nuthate House Wren 


Bie 
ar -win bird, 
Black-headed —— Blue Gr 
h edges - little pond from 
ae 11 to July 9,—Hou Finch, merican 
a Sparrow 
* * 

"Not to have so much as a bowing acquaint- 

ance with the birds that bai in our g 


slugs ; 
our walks along the Season and through the 
ls ems to be, at least, a breach of eti 


uette toward some 
baie neighbors. 
NELTJE BLANCHAN 


pear 


To dower a scrap of sunset with a voice: 


E. FAWCETT 


74 LASCA LEAVES 


PERENNIALS WILL GROW IN CALIFORNIA 


MILDRED Davis 


MANY PEOPLE who like flowers and gar 


can simplify garden 

well as provide ilecuiia accents of line and 
color Bc ut the year, and for many succes- 
Siv 


The defini 


ition of ‘‘perennial,” 
Webster is 


“unceasin 


_according to 


oa oy beauty with age. fe averag 
to do as well! e perennials 

oe cous—that is, me supp entice during 

the winter, but. c ther 


Ot ae re aa ney folia age al aed aid 


trangers ample, 
e Li a ae the Nile ‘Aeapanins: ried 
Lilies pyre ieee llis) ; Shasta Daisy a 
themum and Delphini 


hardy enough to forage for themselves in com- 
petition with tree or shrub, for proper nourish- 
ment. Encroaching roots of the ba sail nd 
ae are often greedy and far-reac 
To achieve the best effect in See or = wer- 

bed planting, the area must be long enough and 
wide enough for groups of the same ee be 
repeated ; citeaiak I have seen char 
less than tw ong. 

and width provide room for variou 
ne spreads of the plants themselves, allowing 


each its own sphere and accent. The he oe 
plants are best pie at the back of a bed o 

b to be viewed from only one side, ote 
pl grading down in heieht to 


eronic the 
high m -like g h of Aster frikarti; or the 
airiness of aria “Cannon J. Went’ and of 
Thalictrum; the stiff fan shape of Moraea 
iene : ale and : , and color harmony 
ust as important in the creating of a well- 


eral groups, each grou ving a different pur 
: bold, overreaching ones may be used in 
large public areas; alpine or rock garden types 


arden 
alls, planted in 
the larger number fall 
‘tried and true,” usable in 


ie 

are particularly useful in a 

eae well-drained soil; 
nto a group of the ‘ 


the ae Lage meres but needing to be 
or shade as apie and 

space per- 
€ aver- 


ffor 
shout ‘eat to thirty feet in os th and f 
width, which demavely limits the 


height, and t Pa are ; 
which disappear sapeeeed in winter so that see 
of winter uals may be ch 

Bs the 


i 
he will sow seed in July t 
summer's flowering, or tip cuttings, OF 
root cuttings. Planting from s own nu 
, or a commercial ery, takes lace 

in the spring to best advantage, not later than 
earliest summer, ar as pere con- 
cerned. The plants should be set iste an 
anticipating adequate growing room yet allot” 
ing ei: n F ee ates be visible when the 

d ature growt staking 15 


spent flow is all 
sieeans If the flower sales ee cut no further 


Peiesticg 


AUTUMN 1953 7? 


Similar treatment ma 


no om will appear. 
and Canterbury Bells 


ven oe Phlox 
Tea biennials). 
Irrigation - the perennial bed is favored 
in 
water-so a 
enough te pall over wate wand o 
i od a Be there is never 
of the ieee or ee Pore wet and 
see aeriee with this apron - . often 


need to be sprayed for c arious pests 
such as snails, leaf oppets, Genius white 
fly, aphis, red de rips; one 1- 


iod of years the following have 
proved cit ct rece in various situations as 


n Subje 

Achillea salpbaram: ait ‘oliage: flat flower 
heads of sulphur-yellow; summer-flowering; 
spreads; good ce ower 
Ceratostigma wilmottianum (Plumbago): airy 
sania foliage ; one of the few true blue 

no ae tones; long bloomer; summer- 

ing. 


0 fall ee 
Fr rigeron rants (Santa coop Daisy) : 
low edging g plant or ground cover; small white 


— with pink-to rat eee, af each petal or 
ray; almost continual blo 
Gaillardia “Sun God:” 


on yellow; prolific 
flowering; but needs water, is Ne ot drought-re- 
sistant ; good for cut flowers: summer- c fall- 
floweri 
Geranium {Cranes-bill type]: aigied —— 
eer fern- like foliage; self-sow = gro 
a 


8” ; summer to fallflo 
: nie mere -bloom- 


ing ; rte ahd bie ip favorites of the writer 
Hunneman a lovely yellow poppy; needs 
800 ae good for cutting; spring- an 
fall-bl mi 


aint “yellow se wers; narro 


n 
Nee (Feverfew): ecg type; = nad 
oliage white flowers like 


a California nativ ve; 
centenoh: 18” high; spring- to 
Ph ng 

~Jso ste gia (False Dragonshead): 
ender-magenta flowers, 2/-3’ tall; 
lates mmer bloom 
Sires ae grandiflor ora (Balloon Flower): 

uds like small balloons open to star- ike 


white, 
spreads; 


8 or white flowers; summer- to fall-bloom- 
ntilla: species offer great variety, varyin 

from tiling types ee ny type 3’ tall; flowers 
fro and y to salmon, rose an 
“ee wed typical pena wanes flower form; 
aria to fall. ‘loo ; 

Rehmannia: se pith ie or white to cream 
(scarce) laden: spikes to 3’; summer-bloom- 


Salvia farinacea: blue a to 3; bie bloom- 
t flow 


ing through summer; good 

Scabiosa columbaria (Pincus i 

lavender and orchid-pink flowers ; spreading and 
to 18” high; good for cutting; spring- to fall- 
floweri 

Sidalcea: somewh 


t like miniature hollyhocks 
those of the coral- 
white, pink, 


with basal leaves pues ire 
spikes to 3” tall; 
Statice anbeae Boe eahie lavender 
to lilac-blue flowers; contin 

Stokesia: abate ng giant " betche lor " button; 
lenge nder flowers; 15” tall; spring to fall 
blo 


Shade Subje 

Anchusa italica: large forget -me- — ore flower 
in deep blue spikes; summer bloo 

(dt maller owen than 
aie and daintier; 18” 
sin the s prin 


ss aig (Colum mbine) : ring-flowering in 
eae oe full of grace; aye bright green 

folia, 

pr agatt capitata: Iris-like foliage; sprays of 

deep-blue blossoms, small but numerous; sum- 


mer-flowering. 
Cam pws murialts: “blue-bells;” low border 


and brown 
s 


flowers, sweetly fragrant like lilac with a apy 
ro . 
Digitalis ambigua: a true perennial; 18”; com- 


monly sie ss pcre pale yellow how 
Linum m (Y¥ desis 1a a ae ae “of 


mm 
my experi ence that certain 
and inlan 


hei 
ful Se ciciation before icing given permanent 
place in the perennial garden 


76 LASCA LEAVES 


REFLECTIONS ON A RECENT HORTICULTURAL 
VISIT TO SOUTH AFRICA 


SAMUEL AYRES, JR., M.D., Los Angeles, California, U.S.A. 


DuriNc the a part of September and O 

tober of 1951, my wife and I had the rare 
i se iis the horticultural and 

botanical wonders of South 3 in cia 


me again) see even a fair Actin whats of 
the plants which should have been seen, but 
ter all, ai el ifference 


Through the excellent co- a of our 
ae agents, Paey. Leo Ltd., Mr. 
A. Gunn, chief bactagece or "the South 
Alvan Railways, Mr. L. an 

can World A ys, and others, we were able 
to — many a the leading botanists aa hort 


nrg and to see proves, interesting plants and 
uch beautiful co I particularly appre 
vo! we the privi ng pe speaking before and 


eting the een of the Transvaal Most. 
oakeeral Soci 
We were aceboy impressed with ‘Th 
Wilds,” in nesburg, the extensive plant- 
ing of Jacarandas in Pretoria, which we saw in 
m Caledon Wi ower Gardens, 


s, Serruis as, 


tc ma a 
m sure there were still many others, includi g 
some desert areas, which lack of time 
cbt dh our Vv 

The svaal Horticultural bag the Ar- 
ABE gare pice the Gardens at 
Ki pe ch and other botanical “and horticul- 
t groups are performing a most valuable 
service girs to local residents at © visitors in 
studying, planting and conserving the wealth of 
indigenous floral material. On our bes st two 


s 
days in South Africa, we learned AN ae any beau- 
nd s 


int troduc ed into cultiv oar or if so, o 
t is to be ho ed that these 


= 
“<a 
is) 


and tha 
exterminated when some 


of these areas of 

Reprinted from: Park Administration, Official 
Journal of The institut bad = - Administra- 
tion, South Afri January, 


1953, pp. 23-25 ser hn 


limited habitat are opened to >a and the 


a ve ae ences of settlem 
also to be bp ped that cacouragement 
i be give e more extensive planting of 
both indigenous and tic flowering trees a 
hrubs, in preference to pine d other n 
ing or less showy speci retoria is a 
thrilling example of the use of pet oom trees 
y bea cbs CS and its fame has spread 
ing if man y street parkways or 
highways are a taae with Sok enue Caloden- 


native species. They 
“sl 


be of consi aun interest to visitors. 
The climate of Southern California resembles 
very much that o otk Africa, especia ly the 
have so-call 


pe Province. We ha 
ranean type of climate, with cool, moist winters 
ry, Warm summers, wi he exception 
s 


meee ically no rain for the war 
There is — ai frost near the coast, ‘bel a 

ay drop to 
colder areas = 


rs 
n the “‘average’’ are an grow ye 
Becalypras ficifolia, Buin Aedes: 


Poinsettias, Lagerstroemia in 
Erythrinas, etc., Hibiscus Bpwgacepiiita a 
some of the more tropical plants will grow well 
in favoured locations an tely well in 
verage’’ locations, but ma frozen back 
about every eight or ten years by a stiff pee 


oe regia fPoiasiana) anes be grown 
h 


outh African plants have been intro- 


riod of 


in San tree 
mi a is shout fifteen years old and approxi: 
mately twenty feet high which has withstood 4 


AUTUMN 1953 77 


Bh eight inches of 


temperature of about 25° 
ea o have a tree about 


here 
i ieee in 
ark w 
y eve wonders why 
there are not more of them! 
ne or Podalyria 


een Virgillia 
calypirata i in California, sities they may have 
Sa 


not seriously h found Proteas and 
Leucosp ms temperamental, al- 
thoug have several established plants of 
Protea susannae cta, cospermum 
nutans, Catherinae, L. Muirii and several 
others in the family a Auoea sed 
are to grow a number of species et 
Erythrina or “‘cora or ut t uch con 
ion regarding their classification, and I foun 
considerable contradiction am cal au- 
thorities in So Af e in Californi 
identify Erythrina caffra a ing long flowers 
Oo 


oer trees growing in California er 
nas td of E. constantiana. Some identified i as 
2. caffra, but € 


est London, but were faable 
to pepe = Bares 


annuals. lifornica 


flowers, we heen 7 yoda is a shrub with 


white anemone-like flow and there are a 
ber of pes of "Gocusbas, which 
i ging in col 


white 
Ehretia hottentotica. Romney. 

large white poppy-li drom 
rigida, OF bs POPPY: imulus in several 
species are a othe i 
shrubs from ae re 
s subject 


m s 
te och aegerien oan to about 26 
harm; also a ape flowered fragrant species, 
Thevctia nereifo 
sh seta from South iio ca, o> a 
large x'y or seventy fee large 
pink pieeets. lke blossoms; will ni Si slight 
frost but a ah 


e 
Stowardii (yellow), E. nema (re 
te vert ‘B: sapere (red bud, yel- 


a op new dwarf shrub Acacias (A. 4 
A, obliqua, A. trineura, A. prey hoes A. 


a). 
Rees sited ere brushes, both peniggne se 
in various sizes and colour: 

Go taigg? aatade ere violet. 

or owering 

neeatie aie etre is Manly, deciduows 

sp rer : white plume-like ers. 
mber of Australian “representatives of 
ae nksias, and 
n Cal liforni ia, 


(res, pink yellow 


"tee wih 


Miers such as Grevillea 
ea 


mbothrium peony “Chilean flame 
chap ar San Paceice and is just 
being tried o site area. 
Brachyc biton (Srerenliay a and B. 
discolor (red pink flowers ne, 
from Aastialia:: are both nce s 


Calliandra Guildingii or "Trinidad flame 
bush’’ is doo eral C. inaequilatera has 
larger, rose-coloured flowers and will stand 


temperatures poe to about 27°. 


78 LASCA 


Prostanthera (various species), from Aus- 


re anager erty is now 
ne enumerate man Aen desirable 
plants, but to do so would alicia require a 


LEAVES 


sing, I would like to express again our 


any f our brief 
visit and for the wealth o plant material 
which we were able to collect in the form of 


— to help beautify the California landscape. 
we can oi eae in any way, it will give us 
Sota to do 


A COUNTRY DIARY 


Westmoreland, August 14. 
Growing in a heap of road rubble 
among a tangle of scrub and weeds not far 


Its golden 
aimee a sere frilled, and the rough, 


re. The tender youn 

sapling, as many af you will have guessed, 
is a Dawn Redwood, the legendary tree 
which the scientists said had been extinct 


one growing in a sacred 
grove on the bank of a river with an un- 


pronounceable name. Tiny shoots from 
h 


w (and probably browsed 

ag ae the Lake District and cuttings 
have been taken in a greenhouse in the 
heart of the National Park. The _— 
tree I saw has been grown from one of 
these cuttings and in a plantation leas thad 
twenty miles from here there is an experi- 
mental half-acre of them. Botanists have 
known of the Dawn Redwood for many 
years, for its lovely leaves have been pre- 
served in fossilised form d 
rocks throughout aeons of time. Now they — 
know the colour of those leaves, but they 
can a guess how high the tree, which a 
was thought to be extinct long before 
history began, will grow A. H. G. 
From Manchester Guardian, Aug. 20, 1953 


EDITOR’S COMMENTS 
The figurative and much maligned spinach has its figurative parallels. Statistical a a 


ports may be one 


have left such behind, an 


wo sips Be Yuccas from ee by 


oorn ; 
uncdah, by John M. Tucker 


Only ma 


mittees should hereafter be sent to Dr. Verdoorn, Waltham 54, Mass., 


x Xk 
The International Biohistorical Commission, of the International Union of Biologi- 
io 


of them; but they, too, build good fibres into constructive proj 

and are necessary at Dated times. The winter issue of Lasca he will, however, — 

ill offer among other papers the follow 

Botanical Gardens and Arboretums of the Pas 
erd 


ea 
t and Their Reconstruction, by Frans — 
Wm. Hertrich; Francesco 


eee 


“Be still, my heart, these great trees are praye 


BINDRANATH TAGORE, Stray Birds 


eep down inthe — ¥ 


AUTUMN 1953 79 


NAMES, NOTES, AND NEWS 


Cactus and Succulent Society of America, Inc. 
Fifth Biennial Convention: ian 
ucc 


) the 
retum groun need Rage to the Society, 
Su ae afternoon, sly is a: 


Los oe eaew Dame of Arboreta 
and Botani Effective July 1 
ngele ard oO 


621 ih pera 


ive charge and ys ance of oe Angele 
State and Coun retum. This department, 
subject to the s aan aco of the Conny Board 
of Supervisors, is e€ managem d 
control of a rm Me of 
the Board of Trustees of California Arboretum 
Foundation, Inc., en appo s the 
Board of eee vai the ne ie ea = Ar- 
boreta an : ens. ris 


lag 
i“ M 
pita, 
im) 
+2 
3 
co 
a 
p> 
oF 
° 
a§ 
° 
a 


hi s for the p e of conducting 
special horticultural, patitients researc mi an 
other educational i ea at the Arbore 


the Arbor - dur 
radi eleraee 
by E 


es € company of Sweet A 

= ive Madre Band whieh furnis hed | musi 

roughout the “open sngaall hours. 
* 


"GF thy at il 
from the Arbore 
K 


ers program eminates 
um: on Wednesday night, Au- 
m 


Bust 12th TL ous “Ci 
ity at Night’’ 
was Presented over oo 5, from the Paes 
Atos vicinity © en Anne Cottage on the 
oretum grounds. Thcas the cation as- 


sistance ce of various committees at work on the 


tbo 
ublic eet for this widely 
viewed and popular television fea 
“Before 


Your Eyes’: a pre- filmed and poicg 
, fe 


Arboretum’s Founda 
spoke of the work don 
of the Historical eanitice in its restora- 
tion program 

Pa 
Historical pitas 


tee of Califor 


on: a — Log tl 


pecanioage of th gh arden 
ottage is under way, as well as the 
of the bese itself in aushentic petion furniture. 


John Francis Donglas Neuen — of the 
sed away Novembe 


29, 1952, (Lasca veo Winter 1952-53 ] 
III, No. 1) ng tribute has been estab- 
lished by the many friends of Mr. las by 
eddorcie, ro known as the John 
Francis uglas morial Fund of the Cali- 


Mem 
fornia Arboretum, bse eae Inc 


Tu ai ied ge ged i programs to be held 
1953, a Auditorium Hortt- 
ei ate Building, U i 


Pp 
Calif., Berkeley 4, or He Aue les 


COVER PICTURE 


ragraria chiloensts or Sand Stra awberry has 


: re € 

and cites ticle 

Flowering Native California has for ‘aden 
e good adopted childr ren, this plant 


later fact allows it to be mentio 
e company of exotics which ra the major 
rao of the flora on the Nitsa grounds. 


80 LASCA ‘1 
BOOK REVIEWS a 
Aud gee , The ee Bushland. 
1950 ae. on the p of Australia 


in ut 
gives a “descriptive account - te flora of that 


con 
ae s, W. D., Australian Rain-Forest Tre 
1951. A AEROS: pon well illustrated en 


photographs. 

Anderson, R. oe The Trees of New South 
Wales. ed. 2. . A well illustrated semi- 
technical ane 

ao r, E. J. H., Wayside Trees of Malaya. 

1952. A gaa mee ge includ- 
tee troduced trees, with technical 
ppc Well ceed wih line draw- 


Art of Botanical Ilus- 
An historical account of 


ratio 
botanical illustration from antiquity to the 
esent. 

Woman’s Club of Havana, Nplatinec foie Plants 
from ye n Gardens. ee pepe rain 
in English and Spani g the conspicuo 
cg plants in obs Illustrated with lin ne 
dra 

es, er argaret E. and H. F. Clark, Indoor 
Haas and Gardens. The Architectural Press 
ndon. 1952. A non-technical account of the 
servi ation of indoor plants and their uses in 


nterior decorat 


ay Yearbook on of aceon 
1. by 


i 


Op 2 color plates 
bis Pr Office ea or obese 
Washington, 25, 52, 
yone interested in and workin ng with plant 
terial can scarcely afford ‘ ignore the factor 
of insects. epart ae of Agriculture 


of ¢ 
sects, an sheati them pe poe 
to the health of gran life. A comprehensive 
reference work. 


Flowering Trees 
and Harriet Pertchik. Rinehart oe 
Inc., 1951. Introduction by Will 
0 peers paintings. 125 
oo 


of t ‘he Cari ibbean—Bernard 

Company, 
m C. White. 
Hic Glossary. 


escriptive nig be pore om the 
atio ha nigriaged 
the 


The es to become 
acquainted intelligently with bigs of the Carib- 
nd ere, and great 

suiemuias to the imagination 
Siler Tropical Trees—1953 catalogue of 
Edwin A. Menn eeaet Stuart, Fla. 60 pp. Illus. 


t exotic flowering trees a 
c 


vided by o ur own Dr. Samuel Ayres, Jr., 


EAVES 

nd COMMENTS 

‘oa: of the Arboretum Board of Trustees. 
It called a supplement to the 1947 Men- 
Rivest rmaisioe: pee it is sia will ag 
collectors’ items among plantsmen of the 

tu flow ee ieee Eaihnaeast s envy will 
know no bounds. 


Period Flower Peele by Margaret Fair- 

ba Sark ot M. Barrows and Company, Inc., 
w ¥ 

This se ioe on the abundant source 


materials available from every famou s period 
f decorative style, draws on ever ie form, 
and is profusely and richly hair t is not 

f floral traditions and 


studious recor 


dies Be ees 


= 
g 


groun 
domestic interiors. The author has tried, wher- 
ever possible, sho flowers in vases im a 
living env ent he domestic settings 
thus suggested are e most part those of 
elegance and position. Poets may be s tisfied 
with what they can get of beauty and universal 

ing from one flo one cranny, a 

p eep symbolis 


arrangement has in this volu 
a llance, grace and invention on whic 


“The informed and cultivated a should 
to 


be able to move from period to period without 
confusi manner or pein 

example, the dull mistake of over- 

the serious distinctions between the Chines 

the Japanese, or, if g in the eighteenth- 
century moods, must know the proper d 
nces in feeling and empha 

French, English Georgian and Americ 


and ent in its mate 
ame concerns for taste and skill that pertain 19 
all art, the discarding of mistakes, the 
ope for rightness. Like any other art it can 
enriche odern ideas and use. 
ive human delight, human solace, to add to 
human d a special kin 


en us art 
Marcus predicts bie it a 


HILDEGARDE FLANNER, Altadena, Calif. 


CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION 


BOARD OF TRUSTEES 


PROSBOHE ice di hag ak es eC a SAMUEL AYRES, JR. 
V b-PROSGORE cs ota hel ts bese poe er ee Mrs. Harry J. BAUER 
V eG+PredeRh ic ccnp oes Coo ee ROBERT CASAMAJOR 
FVCHUTEE og CRC T Gi ea Howarp A. MILLER 

MANCHESTER Boppy WILLIAM HERTRICH 

RALPH D. CorNELL CHARLES S. JONES 

Mrs. RICHARD Y. DAKIN JOHN C. MACFARLAND 

Mrs. THOMAS FLEMING SAMUEL B. MOSHER 

JOHN ANSON ForpD Mrs. WILLIAM D, SHEARER 


Frits W. WENT 


HONORARY TRUSTEES 


Mrs. J. E. HARTON FRED W. ROEWEKAMP 
Roy F, WILcox 


LOS ANGELES STATE AND COUNTY ARBORETUM STAFF 


BASSB LET Sere eo a eee aces ve nee Director 
GORGE Hi SPALDING 0) US. Ge ote Superintendent 
Louie BD. MARTE hts sas Sexes ee ev cons Plant Physiologist 
WW, SQUIB ok See oe ea ee ia ve Propagator 
} TOMAS MOG AB Gas ois cock awa ee es Plant Recorder 
DEWEY BE. NELSON. os 66s Pe As oak ve ee Historical Curator 
THELMA;G, BianCnepn oo ore ae ee, ecretary 
JaNer Welt Ss ooh a Research and Library (part time) 
MEMBERSHIPS 
Annual Associate PACU ONEEIE ies oe 5-65 a oder $ 5.00 
Annual IMECIISEHEIID Ss os ek ses 6 hn hiss wee ees ne 10.00 
Annual Contributing Membership. (soso 3) ie es eres 25.00 
Annual Sustaining Memnernid, .. ain cence days ee Sa ce 100.00 
Annual Sponsor Memberwhip...;. : <6. 05020 c 0-0. ae 3 i 250.00 
Life Membetshpy (0 « cca es wis fs Pea ios nae ¢ 500.00 
Botruders oj5 5 oot ue, vote ens eee ns Se $1,000.00 or more 
Benetacteig i a ea see. 5,000.00 or more 


Club memberships are available at any amount, from $10 a year or more. 
All contributions deductible under Federal Income Tax Law. 
ADDRESS 


Box 688—Arcadia—California 
Telephone DOuglas 7-3444 


Operaten By 
CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FouNDATION, INC. 


< 
aa 
Z 
me 
e) 
Sa 
a 
ml 
< 
-) 


QUARTERLY JOURNAL 


ARCADIA 


BOT. 


WRI 


JAN13 {054 


ARDEN UBS 


WINTERI954 
Vol. 1V; NO. 


SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURAL INSTITUTE 


OFFICERS 1954 


cn a ee ee ee re Seren Gere aren a nara FRED W. ROEWEKAMP 
HE PONIES FOR G cir ee oe hewn ee es VERNON T. STOUTEMYER 
PAO 6a va es eat eRe be we Sha GEORGE H. SPALDING 
PUMP ee a nes ike awe Fikes oe ee Fe KENNETH BISHOP 
Mee eas! y Seeeae tog a pr aeg ae ie eL ar areee RONALD B. TOWNSEND 


BOARD OF DIRECTORS 


WILLIAM BERESFORD Percy C. EVERETT 
MANCHESTER BopDDy EARLE E, HUMPHRIES 
HowarRD BODGER MILDRED E. MATHIAS 
PHILIP EDWARD CHANDLER ALFRED W. ROBERTS 
RALPH D. CORNELL RONALD B. TOWNSEND 


RICHARD WESTCOTT 


ADVISORY COUNCIL 


SAMUEL AYRES, JR. Murray C. McNEIL 
ROBERT CASAMA JOR - MANFRED MEYBERG 
Henry R. Davis LOVELL SWISHER, JR. 
HuGH Evans Roy F, WILcox 
MEMBERSHIPS 
PEE ORI ae oo as de eee kW we ae C48 $ 5.00 year 
RSE OE le cc cd ths a ee 5.00 year 
Associate (for individual in member group only)... 2.00 year 
RUN MNES TACHIMEs 6 oe 5c veins ee he a saa een’ 25.00 year 
NIRA PAOD 5 9g os ok awk Re co ees 50.00 year 
CSU MACNN, one lv env ese aes beeen 50.00 year 
Be Ral i as Wiha kun ona ke aee 500.00 


Ask the Secretary about privileges of each membership class. 


MEETINGS: 3rd Thursday each month at Park and Recreation Building, 
18th and Toberman Streets, Los Angeles, California 


ADDRESS 
Box 688—Arcadia—California 
Telephone DOuglas 7-3444 


a 


as SEL SCR ES othe 


ee ee I eT ee eee 


_— oe 


WINTER 1954 


Lasca Leaves 


VoL. IV JANUARY, 1954 No. 1 


CAN Dah 


Vranvesco: Francesc <7 72 ia, sane oy er er John M. Tucker 
Bromeliads for the Southern California Garden. .... Victoria Padilla 
Two Interesting Yuccas from Mexico........... William Hertrich 
Gardening with Woody Plants................. V. T. Stoutemyer 
Hardy Tropicals for the Sun............. Philip Edward Chandler 
“The Robin’': verse coc 770 3 es Emily Dickinson 
Growing NOISE), 03.5556. OW ees George H. Spalding 
Notes for the Horticulturist. 305 iss sun cae esd Mildred Mathias 
Achoretom:. Atthorshitec. int ce oe Ny wae uy ss a cares ves 


International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants 


Mildred Mathias 20 
Odontospermum sericeuM......0.0c eect ane ee aes Alfred Hottes 21 
Bird Notes ie. 6s no ee ee W. Dan Quattlebaum 22 
" Shhrashieyswerte, : See ee Earle Wilson Baker 22 
Calendar oc a eee ee ye eee vine 22 
Editor's. Notee 5.05 ee oe a ee 22 
Names; Notes aad News. cae: oss ee os er ee 23 
Gower Pictare ko a ee bes 23 
Books, Reviews atid Commentss ci. asc. - soos capes 24 

ILLUS TEATIONS 

Dr. Branceson Pracescar ay oa ea a ek 2 
Dr. Franceschi’s residence ol) See Ree On ne eee area 5 
Aechmea cross: Ae. calyculata x miniala... 0.60. c eee nes 8 
Tilland sia MBI FOU F.C ES Gea U Gs Wels Goat Hesse Megs Se RO 10 
N CGa Walther ak Wes ee sw Lt 42 
M ROCA ANA SOc a ee cid acca pela eRe os 13 
PRUVG: Dicey cee esses 19 
Odontospermum sericeum: scratchboard sketch................. 21 


LASGA LEAVES 


THIS pape | isa Ast aout of the life and 
work of t stands out above all 
others in the biseaiy ¢ i Baraades | in southern 
California—Dr, Em aneels: Orazio Fenzi, known 
to his pans ates in this a 
r. Francesco Pees 
ss Pty iy 
unity s akpees ay appr ee ad 
lowing ns s jf bel assistance they h 
given me: to 


emb 
of the f ae for fo ces years, to Mr. Peter 
Riedel and f utterfield, for much 
of the information containe d in the following 


ie Ns Mr. Butterfield, Miss Annetta Carter, 
a Be nsselaer, for the loan of 
hotcultaral enatois ues and journa!s-—sources 
of much valuable data; to Dr. ason, for 
placin t a collection of Fran- 
ceschi’s business correspond (a fund of in- 
formation of wh I have scarcely scratched 
the surface), and oward S. Reed, for 
guiding € n preparing this paper 
Particularly informative also, were the follow- 
; ticles: “Una ria dell’orticoltura 
italiana. I! Dott. Emanuele Orazio Fenzi, 

: ari lvino—(L'Argricoltura Coloniale, 22 
he edhe a r. Fen Contribu 
ns to erican Horticulture,” F 
Pepedes Cour Hered. 13: 215-220. 1922.) 
Emanuele Orazio Fenzi was born March 12, 
843, in Florence, Italy. His grandfather was 
a very wealthy banker me that city and a senator, 
an nN ager dominating personality. 
enzi family we tr arts and 


Thus, 
sd ound of young Fenzi was one of cultore 
— with, its tenant pbies tage 
arly youth he los fas 
pair took it upon ea e 
hie. bien, —— ed. The grandfather, seeing 
ng c of affairs 


wed w 
hin branceily independent, 
xy able to indelae his tastes as he chose in 
ones that followed. At his consitty place 


WINTER 1954 3 


FRANCESCO FRANCESCHI 
JOHN M. 


TUCKER 


near Florence, he ca an arboretum of rare 
trees, and on the estate of a relative near Rome, 
he assembled a lacxe collection of slants from 
countries all over the world. He was the first 
to 


introduce Bamboos to Italy; Gen si mono- 
erma was her of Page He 
did considerable 


work i ent of 
grape and olive culture in A aly ee paca ntly 
cone baie perked ral and botanical atcls, 
not only to Italian periodicals, but to the . 


lish journal, “The dener’ Chie as 
well. Fenzi travelled a great deal, and at 
ime or another visited all the principal botani- 
cal gardens of Europe. In May, 1874, he se 

as pice ave International Agricultural 
Exno orence and edited its catalogue. 
Shorty hea he became the first secretary 
of th uscan Society of Horticulture, an 
gato oe which he was later ae sident. 


His activities in later years were not confined 

to the fields 2 pesiggeoaas a re and ook de 
grandfather died, he t ook 

in addi. 


t (0) 
dur ring the econ 


with 1 
to  iguidat Mpeg PA icearniad owned, so 
that, finally, he and his family were left with 


only a v alt Fraction of their once large 
fortune. 
Because of his losses, he was no longer 
hampered by a multitude of business matters, 
d saw a chance to put his interest in plants 
to work. His ambition to gather together 
n one area plants f countries all around 
: eci t to s ali- 


ed surname, 
his bank failure follow h to America, ; 
‘ din i cea family amp Franceschi. 
h n California, 
was known to all 
Francesco Franceschi. 
arvey, the elder Mr. 
Sturtevant, = one horticulturists and nursery- 
m He remained there a year, however, 
0 ore he gone to Hg Nas ‘where he 
entered into partnership with C. F. Eaton in 
raising nursery stock. After a short time, the 


4 LASCA 


partnership was dissolved and ae eee 


a nursery business of his own, calling h 
organizat oa sae big thern California Ree 
matizing Assoc 

tai s he wrote to amor 


native talian, a lish, 
Fr sig sak and modern and ancient He- 
bre 


Ye his aac was far from being confined 

xotics. He was ever on the lookout for any 
peasiers of the aati flora that might aa 
eden ah ees eh — Indeed, in 


vember, 1894, having been in Santa. fathers 
a bars a year, rth ma oie a week’ : bea to Santa 
Island, the ag _ the Santa Barbara 


of several diff rent oe whi e at that 
time unknow the horticultural trade 
most notewor f these was 


the — oO 
versity ea California pa Berkel 

He en in Santa ise only a year, 

hen, 1895, he sabe a small book en- 
bn “Santa Barbara Exotic Flora.’ 

n 


udes 
n the region, 


ns the pee gtd trees 
of ft town, Casi a edulis, the it 
Sapote, and Prunus Capuli, the Capulin Cherry, 
both natives of secon poypic! volume gives an 
apparently com 


s, and the breadth of his botanical ceanak. 


David I gs iy in his recent book, 
World Was My Garden,” 
phage near at San 
of Francesc 
words: “Santa: Burbac was a 
sie? sre of the beautiful 


coul “tin visualize the bare, sparsely settled 
ane where I drov h Dr. 
Santa Barbara was so undeveloped that I con- 


LEAVES 


ae be visionary and over-optimistic. 
However, he foresaw the future more clear 
ii ae ‘ind E nn to see Santa Barbara become 

resort containing hundreds ol 
sky a Sila: like those the Riviera.” 
Fairchild, that time with the United States 
Bureau of Plant In dustry, was impresse with 


the work oe segs was doing, and_ had 
numerous plant introductions of the 
Bureau sent es im hols time to time for 
in Santa Barbar 

In - - ‘Franceschi pes red forty acres Of 
land o Ridge, at that time a dry, bar- 
rent hillside ‘entirely “outside the bounds of the 
city. e built Hoven: which he live d 
until ie pe Santa Foetus lace f 
“Montari He esta blished another nursery 
here, and, order to a 


supply, built a small re servoir 
the hill. A cunt 
ence leaves one e impression th h was 


ancial success during : 
n 


gating house bu 
— wed. 


k e 
d the 4 


5, 
everses, 
made — 


1 eman s oe rarities, 
financial disaster inevita 4 
It is not psig chal re, that upon fe- 
ceiving an o eggs Italian government ‘iol 
frican colony of 
to i 


duction gr 
€ 


so bl i f Tripoli. Thu 
: li sim ery: in nd e city 0 
esta - men iy, Peg tees. sone long ng z sn 


ath Sack. at 72, was setting 0 


Dr. Francheschi’s residence 


several 
same 


held 
retired to 


| 
sn venture. He 


fre this post for 
ars, and then 


carry on the 


third Me 


| th 


was aw ¢ 
Memorial Medal by the council f the Ameri- 
in Genetic Association, Th a medal pre- 
nted | riodically to persons who have accom 
apes Outstanding work j introducing plant 
American horticulture. The medal was sent 
*s a in 19 by the governor, Count 
Mp1 
+} Franche schi continued his literary activity to 
‘" €nd of his life, contributing articles on agri- 
ultur in Tripoli to the Italian journal 
» Agricoltura Coloniale.”’ He died in T ipoli 
on Nover nber 5, 192 it the ige O 81. Fran 


schi's oldest d aughter r has cz chet on his work 


in bp at nd today maintain as successful 
there. She a ly hied, in ae 
ids : intere in tl botanica I, con 

pete ee epee robably the ope 
: é accomplishment . air two in Tri- 
nf ‘s has been th en rtation and ie gation 
Nees, numbers of eucaly yptus trees of various 
PCCIES 

HORTICULTURAL ACHIEVEMENTS 


D crs 
uring the years that he lived in Santa Bar- 


the «io al ne eschi wrote numerous articles fot 
but Bai, , and was a regular contri 
Dis al. ( al journals as ‘Pacific Garden” and 

omaiae He did much toward de- 


today 

appreciation O f the beauty - bjs: 

value of the large nun ot 

ind tropical and eee al 
tia’ 


g£10Nn. His 


“own in the re 


fruits that co 1 

re ition spread Huuahoat horticultus al 
circ in this — ind ry botanist o1 
i teatnan who visited Santa Barbara, was cet 
in to pay him a pee his collection o 
rare plants. The esteem in okies his judgment 
and opinions were held is shown by the fre- 
quency with which he is quoted in the liter 
ture of tropical and subtropical plant 


A 1g the multitude of new hats that he 
Pron ‘to the gardens of Santa Barb tl 
following are some best suited to the cli 
the A number of bis have attained th 
soe irity they deset seg gh some, none 
the less fine orname ake re still rather rare 
Acacia obliq Bocconia frutescens 
Acacia seaatiiiel folia Buddleia madagascar 
Aglaia odorata iensis 


a topabienre 
ythrina 
Eugenia edulis 
Feijoa Se 


Heohinia grandiflora 
Bauhinia tomentosa 
Bauhinia varie; 
Benthamia fragifera 


gata Ficus alt 
Ficus infectoria 


6 LASCA 


Ficus retusa Pittosporum hetero- 
roe monosper 

Harpephyllum cafrum oie tot taa rhombifol- 
Hibiscus heterophy 


Jasminum Simplicio Pitospertin viridiflo- 
um rum 


Li pe aor oun um 
Lithraea Gill, Rhy 
ai ange go mnus ‘eve Schinus terchinthifolius 


splenfoliuschoti latifo 
Metrosideros tomento- Elia iaindse 
= esa discolor 
Myo wees rum ee ee, littoral 
Myoporum tomentosumTaxodium t 
pip an prnnens 


eciosa 
uke pueenurh muri- Eo tanec depen- 
catum dens 


Vitis capensis 


Of all ale new re 5 bee introduced, 
none has bec ie better kno than hie 
repens. Its an ey is pro ni rbly due in large 


part to the subliGe given it by Franceschi, but 


Se 
i<) 
=A 
oa 
5 

-_ 

Be 


€ 
acres planted with Li 
rizona, ye ico = ogee: and it all came 
out of that sma 
In Sia to on paso a statement, H. 
N. Moldenke, an authority on the Verbenaceae, 
i ation of May 26, 1941, 
mment: “ 


ted State 
Zz c plants introduced 
= California ‘yy ‘rancesch, but my be- 
lief that most of those of southern | California 
(at least all that a ave seen so far e de- 
scendants of the ones he introduced.” 
cure new 


rom su 
as Joseph Burtt-Davy, W 
iden of Aswalie Charles Spr 
arvey Monroe Hall, Mi 
ndegee, 


S. Bra 
identification of sp cimens which 


, 1908, to ‘GS rcklé - San 

a sta Rica, ian b ted. W Wercklé 
s the discoverer of Hidalgoa Werckeleii, the 
“Climbin ng Dahlia,’ which Franceschi had in- 


troduced at Santa Barbara. Having had dif- 


LEAVES 


ficulty in bringing it to flower, we find h 

this letter, requesting information oes its : 

mode of sro wth and matic requirements — 
ro n who, logical ne would know most — 

res t such apie s—its carvan This thor- 
oughness was typi ical of Franceschi. 

A good example > his eure and de- — 

ing the introduction of a — 

of Taxodium — 

res 


‘ee ction in effec 
desirable species, 
mucronatum, the ‘ 
ceschi had often seen the tree in t 

arden at a planted by Ten 
botanist who ribed the pees 

eauty had made a last ting a 
In 


1908, after ten years of failure, his patience 
was rewarded, Through his friend, Professor 
C. Conzatti of Oaxaca, obtained, from th 
Federal Pla at Chapultepec, Mexico, seeds 
whic uch to his gratification, germinated 
succesfully Today, fine trees grown 
rom these seeds may 4 seen in the parks and 


gar a stl of Santa Barbar 
The culture of tropical and subtropical table ; 
se ie a su . ect Sp special interest to Fr 


ce ied on m 

ee a - this porte with m E 

States Bureau of Plan ba oe ero and horticul- | : 
Pop 


Pineapple cena” 


7 
% 
~. 
S) 
=) 


in satitiei n Cali Pas 
sh peers sequence in this fie Ida. 4 
owever, were the Finis nt articles he wrote for — 4 
new ers and_ horticultural journals. His @ 
ook, “Frutti Tropicali e Sem opicali, probs 4 
ably embodies the findings of a long years OF — 
experience his fi 5 ork o oe 
260 pages, contains numerous istration, an 


of 


’ 
one 0 


eo 
he giv uch m 

English translation of this book from 
eal a ition to the literature © 


S 
= 
a 


that Franceschi grew during his stay in 
Barbara has not yet been fully worked © 


ong the reamed papers in the collec- 
pon 


Am 
tion of his bus 


er of ae 


this was d ppears to have been pre- 
ge isc the exercise of v much care, 
an eS, J nee tsi as to the 


nfor 
eae of ee trial intrctct 
ew y pla introduc- 


als, and later, in the price lists of the 

arioso Nur h ints out the plants ‘ht 

he claims re first y him in the 

horticultural trade in this country. The pace 

: num ese—species, varieties, and hort 

cultural forms—mentioned in his catalogues an ait 

1896 to 1914 (see bibliog- 
ly 900. 


hese claims however, cannot all be ac- 
cepted at their face value. There are occasional 
a i hav 


: wh ies th 
introduced (‘‘plants ‘pla sein by us in = 
‘ n be 


f his introductions, but, according t 
utterfield thi Im offered 
a St 


sary before their extent can 


e allowances for these er- 


WINTER 1954 7 


No evaluation of Dr. Franceschi’s contribu- 
tions to horticulture in this country would be 
i of the 1 


complete without onsideratio n- 
fluence of his personality on those of his con- 
ice aang he came in conta is 


with w 
ealth of osetia] a 
pe gained from years of travel, observation, 
uple 


nd practical work, coupled with his untirin 
interest in plan a constant source 
inspiration to plan ers wherever he wen 
The plants he alee ds : tand as living re- 
an 


city park, named in hi or, “fends chi 
Park.” 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
ollowing list, although not complete, probably 
contains a substantial part of the literary work of 


Franceschi. 
Bamboos. Gard. Chron. Ser. 2, 6: 773-774. 1876. 
Bamboos in California. Pac. Gard. July, August, 


September, 1908. 
Bauhinias. Pac. Gard. November, 1908 


Behavior of alien plants at Santa Barbara. Ann. Rep. 
Breeder’s Assoc. 6. 
Colletia cruciata. rd. Chron. Ser. 25 93:243, fiz. 


Dasylirion oe oe Soc, Tosc. Ort. Bull. 15: 112- 
1 
Erythea armata. Gard. Chron. Ser .3, 20: 424, fig. 74. 


Gard. Chron. Ser. 3, 13: 


22: 
Eugenias tor California. Rural Californian. 
ituphorbie. preggo at Saget: Barbara, California. 
rd. Chron. Ser. 3, 124, fig. 35. 1897. 
Fifteen years pane tr a ets uthern California. Pac. 


Hag ard. oem 1908, January, February, 
Hincinice, el a ear aE longifolium. Soc. Tosc. 
Ort. Bull. 1883. 


Frutti eal i Aud itropicali, Instituto Agricolo 
Coloniale Italiano, Florence. 1915 
Introductions fro = oF stralasia. oo Gard. “Apa 1909. 
eo art of g as 
a Domenica delle Palme. aa 
116-121, fig. Lay 1 
Le ier de I'il de Guadalupe. Rev. Hort. 297-299, 
New and little known trees suitable for southern Cali- 
= nia a Pomona Coll. Journ. Econ. Bot. 
: No. December, 1911. 
ows on har ae bamboos. Gard. Chron. 1228-1229. 
1872; ids 2: 316-318. 1872; (Ueber die 
harteren ara yas. Hamburg Gart. Blu- 
S 


1872). 
Orr, Ball 7275-275. 


ra. presente e futuro della olivicultura in Tripoli- 
- ce L’Agricoltura Coloniale. 19: 201-204. 
October, 


Pienoaat. 1908. 
Soc. Tosc. Ort. Bull. 


Gard. 
eave a 5) ssaatinas Wendl. 
16-118, fig. 1. 1876. 
Progietit di frutticuleara - hs pa nel 1923-24. 
‘Agricoltura Coloniale. 309-313. 1924. 
Santa Barbara exotic park: So Barbar ra. 1895. 
South Asia acclimatized in southern Cali- 


Trees from 
fornia. Forester, 4: 76-77, 129-130. 1898. 
— = semitropic es for southern “or peace 
roo a i 1907, January ,1908 
ig San arbar 
Yucca anasto Bish Soc, “Tos.” Ore. Ball: “11: 
- 18 
Yucca filifers. Chabaud. Soc. Tosc. Ort. Bull. 14: 278- 
280, pl. 9. 1889. 


LOGU 
General descriptive catalogue. May, 1996, no. 4. 


General catalogue. May, 1897, 


8 LASCA LEAVES 


General catalogue. Easter, 1900, no. 6G. EDITOR'S NO 
Condensed a ue and price list. 1908. Reprint of an igs: published in Madrono, Vol. 
Montarioso Nu , descriptive price list. November, VII, No. 1, January 1943; and reprinted as a biog- 
1910, no. raphical sketch with ‘‘minor changes and s addition 
Handbook and price lise. 1911. of several photographs’ in Leaflets, Vol. I, No. 3, of 
Montarioso Nursery, descriptive price list. March, the Santa Barbara Botanic Garden, eke 1945. 
1¢ no. 3. Photographs in Lasca Leaves are being used through 
Supplementary price list of the Montarioso Nursery. the ki reiag of Dr. Katherine ~ Muller, Director of 
914. the Garden. Copies of the issue of Leaflets containing 
Department of Botany, this sketc : are Giailable tenn the cs of Santa 
University of Cz i “a reams Botanic Garden, Santa Barbara, Calif. Price 

May, 41. 


BROMELIADS FOR THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
GARDEN 


VICTORIA PADILLA 


are now beginning to find many varieties 
which will thrive outside despite the often 
unfavorable weather conditions. 

The outstanding outdoor planting of 
bromeliads in the West is that at the Hunt- 
ington Botanical Gardens. Here are fea- 

ured the xerophytic types of bromeliads— 
a which dwell in the sun and can with- 
stand months of drought. These Dyckias, 
Hechtias, Puyas, and Bromelias during the 
spring and summer months add great 
beauty to the garden with their colorful 
spikes of various sizes and shapes in red, 
yellow, orange, blue, and green. With the 
exception of the Dyckias, most of these 
bromeliads are too large for the average 
home garden, but where one has room, on 
a dry sunny bank or in a cactus collection, 
they will add a definitely dramatic touch. 

The smaller Dyckias can successfully be 
grown in among succulents or in a well- 
drained rocker D. rariflora, D. remot 
lora, and D. Seauitedia which all form 
clusters of small rosettes of leaves, | 
yellow or orange flowers on spikes of one 
to two feet in height. 

Special mention should be made of 
Puya Berteroniana, known in the er 
trade as Puya alpestris, a stunning ple ant 
FOR THE GARDENER always avid in his with its three-foot stalk of metallic green 
search for interesting plant materials, the ish-blue flowers. Clumps of this Puya 
fascinating bromeliad or pineapple family never reach the size of others of its g 
offers many tempting species with which and it can easily be kept under control, 
to experiment. As bromeliads are indigen- There is a dwarf v ariety, and it is ho 
ous to the American tropics, where for the shat commercial growers will attempt to 
most part they are epiphytic in habit, they propagate it, as it will be a definite con- 
rave been considered chiefly as indoor tribution to the smaller er 
plants, but Southern California gardeners Visitors to the U. C. L. A. Botanical 


— 


Aechmea Cross: Ae. calyculata x yoo 
Glossy maroon 1 le aves, vivid red brac 


% 


WINTER 1954 9 


Gardens last summer were overwhelmed 
with the magnificent display of Bromelia 
balansae in flower. These bromeliads, hav- 
ing the appearance of large pineapple 
plants, are useful as mountainside plants, 


: Brot 
melia balansae in bloom is a sight long to 
remember. When about to flower the 


many small but beautiful maroon and 
white flowers and flaming red spears 
which are the inflorescence bracts. Defi- 
nitely, Bromelia balansae is a plant to stop 
traffic, 

The variegated form of this Bromelia is 
extremely handsome. The green and white 
variegation on the spiny pineapple-like 
leaves has a flush of pink at all times. As 
it Is not quite so robust a grower as the 
plain-leaved variety, it can be used to 
sreater extent in the average-sized garden. 


will endure a drop in the temperature to 
twenty-five degrees. For the most part 
these bromeliads all prefer a little protec- 
tion, filtered light, and a loose, porous 
a To bring out the full beauty of their 
caf coloring and markings, one should 


hever plant them in intense shade. 
Pr bea is familiar with the ubiquitous 
a ber gia nutans, which can become a 


whiteness of the spike combining with 
the green and blue flowers to give a most 
unusual effect. 

Another favorite Billbergia is the one 
known as Mead Hybri rom soft green 
leaves droops its large pink bract, through 
which emerge the blue and green flowers. 
The popularity of this variety is due not 
only to the luxuriance of its growth and 
the beauty of its bloom, but to its ever- 
blooming qualities and the length of time 
the bract stays in color. B. thysoidea and 
its numerous hybrids are among the most 
colorful of the tribe, the brilliant red flow- 
ers being produced in erect clusters above 
stiff, broad foliage. 

There are many uses in the garden for 
Billbergias, besides relegating them to 
dark corners where nothing else will grow. 
Plant as an accent note by a pool the tall 
d B. Elvenia Slosson with its 


ners of the rockery a B. vittata or B. Saun- 
dersii, always gay with bizarre markings. 
Wrap a bit of moss around B. Mead 
Hybrid or B. Euphemiae and let them 
droop from a crotch in a tree. Plant the 
red leaved B. amoena as a bright note 
among a planting of ferns, and use B. 
porteana in with tropicals where a bold 
effect is desired. 

Although Aechmeas are usually thought 
of as plants for indoor culture, there are a 
number which will do well in the open 
garden. They are generally preferred to 
Billbergias because of the great length of 
time they stay in bloom. Generally speak- 
ing, the heavier textured and more rigid 
the leaves, the better the Aechmea will 
withstand the rigors of the out-of-doors. 
Aechmea caudata variegata, with its three- 
foot leaves informally striped with cream 
and green, is the most handsome of the 
robust varieties. It will grow in the dark- 
est doorway as well as tolerate considerable 
sunlight. It is especially attractive when in 

oom, the erect inflorescence forming a 
pyramidal panicle of beautiful orange- 
yellow flowers, which is in color for many 
months. This Aechmea makes an excellent 
accent plant—always gay yet always digni- 
fied and neat. 

Aechmea bracteata is another hardy va- 


10 LASCA 


LEAVES 


Tillandsia dasyliriifolia growing on Royal Poinciana Tree, 


with leaves up to three feet and 
stalk of brilliant red growing to 
six feet thrives in full sun and can be 
used effectively in clumps in the sunny 
border or in the lawn. It will stand a few 
degrees of frost. Aechmea distichantha is 
another of this group, having rosettes of 
stiff, glaucous green foliage resembling a 
small C entury Plant. The six-inch inflores- 
cence of dark violet t emanating from red- 
dish bracts remains in color for a con- 
siderable time 


riety 
flower 


There are many of the smaller Aechmeas 
which can be used as border plants, as 
rockery subjects, 
in small clusters. 


or as specimens growing 
Plants recommended for 
this ere are with stiff 
dark g reen leaves and ; . brill int 

spike c of red and elie: A. fasciata, 
grey leaves softly banded with white and 
2 pink and blue flower head; A. calvculata, 
with bright green foliage and 
bright yellow flowers; A. coelistis, 


NHALICAUL fin 
flower 
with 


with 


cone of 


1, Mexico. 


Michiocan 


stiff leaves and a flower head ol 
blue; and A. fulgens discolor, with its 
purple and green leaves and startling berry 
head of red. 

For unusual leaf mottling, the bromeliad 
known as gel 
passed. It requires plenty of light and aif 
to attain its full beauty anc 
siderable cold. A smallish plant, with its 
green leaves heavily blotched with violet 
ideal for rock gardens. 
effective 1s 


green 


aa 
= 
oe 
2 
ae) 
w 
ra 
© 
~ 


carmine, it 1s 
Equally as hardy and 


regelia spectabilis, the ‘‘finger- nail plant, 
ia its soft grey-green leaves tip ped with 

those gardeners who like to grow 
Pill: indsia offers 
not take kindly to much frost, many V arie- 
ties are growing out of doors here in the 
South. As they cling to the topmost 
branches of trees in their native habitat, 
they desire much light and air and little if 


ts 


WINTER 1954 11 


any soil. Their thin, soft grey leaves are 
covered with peltate scales, though which 
they absorb their necessary moisture and 
nutriment. What roots they have are mere- 
ly for anchorage purposes. 

Tillandsia fasciculata, fourteen inches in 
height with a flower pike of twenty inches, 
is an imposing plant which is being grown 
successfully out of doors here in sheltere 
sections. Its inflorescence of brilliant red 
bracts supporting deep purple flowers is 
extremely colorful. Other Tillandsias which 
have survived mild frosts are the interest- 
ing ball-shaped T. exserta from northern 


blushes when it is rea oom, T. 
utriculata from Florida and T. tenuifolia. 
It is very likely that there are many 


Mexico, the tiny pretty T. zonantha, which 
dy b 


However, members of the Bromeliad fam- 
ily are being used more and more in land- 
scape design, and it probably will not be 
long before they are accepted as good 
garden subjects for the Southland. 


TWO INTERESTING YUCCAS FROM MEXICO 


WILLIAM HERTRICH 


INCLUDED in the xerophyte collection of 
the Huntington Botanical Gardens, San 
Marino, California, about 120 Yucca 
plants are growing, embracing some 30 
Species, and as many more varieties. Most 
of these are indigenous to southwestern 
United States, some along the southeact- 
ern coastal states, and others from south 
of the border in Mexico. 

Practically all Yuccas adapt themselves 
very readily to climatic conditions prevail- 
ing in southern California. The species 
range in size from the 24” Y. 

la 


which attains tree-size proportions—1.e. 
40 ft. or more in height, with proportion- 
ate top. 

Most Yuccas respond to the same cul- 
tural treatment that successfully develops 
other plants. ; 


“ontact with the ground and to take root at 
ice: of contact. This curious habit has 
en particularly manifest in one speci- 
ray of Y. valida in the Huntington Gar- 
€s which in 1925 was planted as a small 
Plant in its present location. 
Prior to 1925, the area in these gardens 


5 


Yucca valida, close-up of flowering stalk. 


where the Yuccas are now growing was a 
large reservoir used for storing water for 
irrigation purposes. Subdivision of adja- 
cent land for homesites made the reservoir 
obsolete; it was filled in with soil and be- 
came the foundation of what is now part 
of the cactus garden. The top soil used was 


ideal as a medium for good plant growth, 
and as a matter of fact proved too rich for 
certain plants placed there, as was the 
case with this one Y. valida. It put on 
more than ordinary growth for such a 
plant in a given time, and after being es- 
tablished for a few years in its new loca- 
tion, formed several trunks, the first of 
which produced its first flower spikes in 
1935. Blooming each successive year in 
increased number of blooms, it produced 
in July and August of this year, 1953, 39 
inflorescences ranging in size from 15” to 
20” in height, on stems up to 14” tall. 
Through the years, the stem terminals, 
after the blooming period, have branched 
and re-branched, forming multiple heads 
in time which have become increasingly 
large and heavy to the point mentioned 
above—of bending the trunk slowly to 
form an arch and ultimately bending far 
enough to make contact with the ground. 
At these points of contact roots have 
formed, establishing new plants severed 
from the parent plants. 


Yucca valida showing wide arching of trunk and uprigh 


He ate YP Klean ~ 


t terminals. 


One especially interesting factor con- 


nected with the arching of these stems 1s 
the breaking of new terminals on the 
upper side of the arched trunk. This fea- 
ture has been noted on only one other 
species—Y. australis: it occurs in exactly 
the same manner except that the species 
australis did not bend far enough to make 
with the ground. The two 
species, valida and é 
similar in some aspects of appearance ¢ 
well as growth; Y. valida, powers ow 
tall as 


the contact 


1S 


shorter leaves, does not grow as 
Y. australis, and bears its inflorescences 10 
upright position, while Y. australts pre; 
duces leaves 18” to 24” long, forms trunks 
that are heavy, and excessively swollen- 
appearing bases, besides bearing pendant 
inflorescences from 3’to 6’ long. 

Of the 39 flower spikes produc ed ont 
large specimen of Y. valida this year, 
were produced on terminals of self-layeree 
stems, of which 5 are rooted and 3 not yet 
rooted. The total number of terminals ° 
all sizes was 190. The approximate spreae 


he 
18 


WINTER 1954 13 


of the plant, east to west, 
this summer of 1953, 
was 37 ft.; approximate 
spread north to south, 
45 ft. 

The two species of 
Yucca under considera- 
tion here are both in- 
digenous to Mexico; 
however, Y. valida is 
found in Lower Califor- 
nia and_ northeastern 
Mexico but Y. amstralz 

y in northeastern 
Mexico. Both species are 
commendable as orna- 
mental plants of a bold 
nature, and will do well 
in almost any locality in 
southern California in- 
cluding the warm dry 
interior valleys. 


ay 


Two photographs, habitat anc 
close-up, showing the pendulous 
Mature of the inflorescence of 
Yucca australis, contrasted with 
the upright inflorescence of Yucca 
valida, (cf. photograph, p. 11) 
In the Huntington Gardens, from 
certain vantage point the pend- 
ant flowering species is a tall ac- 
cent behind the sprawling, wide- 


arching Y. valida. 


LASCA LEAVES 


GARDENING WITH WOODY PLANTS 


V. T. STOUTEMEYER 


Department of Floriculture and Ornamental Horticulture 
University of California, Los Angeles, Californ 


ARDENING with woody plants is the ideal 


a aoe _on time and 


cussion is an 
pro Late 
planti 


mpt to evalu 
a poet ROI of this type o 


i ike aelicaabty in the usual landscape plan, 
foe are often by far the most ee. ele- 
nt. The fhathes of selection, maintenance, and 
Seavtiile thus b ith 
e 


the use of Lom uy poplars and deod 
aa bina) - oes ay s. These are both love- 
ns ie all too often com- 


ood s 
sg destroy erie era 


men proportion and in- 
jure greatly the ap 


pearance a = apparent Tony 
w 


was completely destroyed. The stage an 
oe ca changed at once into a penn 
different miniature world. 

ac of the greatest ae in our planting is 


for small or moderate sized trees which will 
hold their form and ihe or a periods of 
tim ise in of fines 


things, which usually are s ore ex- 
pensive, because el take more é ie ie the 
nurseryman to produc 

Trees and shrubs in addition is ney ~~ 
ave equally important dim 
spread or the width which ‘sai attal aa in a os - 
tain period of time is interesting that ca 

of 


ing of street 
of the metropolitan areas in the 
vicinity a: i Angeles. In some cases, every 


prov 
frie nd of mine in landscape baie once had 
the cn gee of completing a lar After 
was com 
ided to put- 


ing Pl 
chase one aditiona lant a the entire planting — 
All of t plants were then interplanted — 
o the great dismay | 


in “eh er lanting ‘plan to 


of the landscape archit 
Crowding of ae ak all beauty of — 
natural form hia ome of the ill effects can — 


= overcome by pruning, in many instances s this 
is insufficient to overcome 
the ‘paige in the original plan 


any years ago the 


Chicago became famous for its window lays 
the decorator in charge was reputed to re- 
ceive a fabulous salary. W son once re- 
arked t that his was a sinecure in merely 
placing a few thing window each week, 
he replied that he was being paid mainly to 
keep of his windows the things which other 


eae were putting in their displays. 


sore will always reveal Beas tte sur few 7 
items of high quality merchandise well spaced 
to i a attention to the important features. 
Compare the effe ith the cluttered store 
indows i s where 


rf t 

same princi 
We believe ak 
justified in using 
smaller min 


ime 
number o tim 


without ap serious destruction of the tota 
ote 


n close proximity to structures, — 


atten- 
eee should be given to safety. Som of the 


pan tree could be removed with actual im-_ 
ment. 


eee eee 


job. 
an bi hag t nt decided that the | 


an rue ise spacing of — 


firm of ‘Mecshall oe, in 


of the © 


tal 


f 
; 


: a ci 


WINTER 1954 15 


eucalypts, acacias, so aso | ae others, have 
notoriously weak wood w can easily be 
broken in storms. We hav 
with large blue gums anaes nearby. Some 
trees blow over easily if the soil is rather shal- 


low with a hardpan layer. There is another 
condi ig ca which might well S 
ssed at considerable length and t he 


bound container plants. Such 
cluster of crooked tightly pressed roots which 
tend to strangle themselves form a 
— root system which is apt to ig ia a 
tre ich can easily be blown over by t 
win 

ly in an English garden journal, a 
landscape architect stated that there was def- 
nitely uch i 


unrooted of life in this z 
ty and he concluded with the observation that 
often repente ried gardening 
believe that there is a legitimate place for the 
quick growing trees shrubs of ch there 
oe many w can be used in ern Cali- 
ornia. H it is regrettable that many fi 
ei 


‘ : 
pips Likewise, it is so slow grow that 
Monat a is impractical and it is rare 


me  talios must be considered from all 


Ry by the nurseryman. After all, this 
z ly what he is merchandizing. The salesman 
ea as to answer the qu sey “How 
S plant w?’ very legitima : 
e 


W moved in a landsc 
the needed ook ch of f distnctio a sal ae thet 
€ could sing the ee ises ie slow 

growing 

bi eee for their many valuable quanti- 
ve ut there is a seule need for plants 
bi “ pen rapidly and make a quick 
Ome of these plants unfortunately are 


weak and brittle or are ee, foal 


Ms but this is not ne rily alway 
With the reg ean in bold pea 
effects in plantings, ther a tendency to ne- 


glect the opportunities offered by 
with very ene oe A ; 


colors an nt Some of these 
very refined t ‘aang " foliage glues are unusu- 
ally well suited for use in small confined areas. 


The popularity of various types of plants tends 


o in cycles and it is difficult to predict fu- 
ture trends. Camellias are at a pea pop 
larity, and o the availabilit n 


not decline. Palms, 

succulents, especially very large specimens 0 

the latter, are coming back into favor, since 

seem to fit in with present architectural 
ends. 


"Chey ver eating is the key to the use of plan 
in striking new ways. A few illustrations a 
be given. Cais Payne the Chinese evergreen 
elm is typically a flat- headed spreading Rayer: 
tree. By very severe pruning, allowin 
few — scaffold branches with greatly 
ned out foliage to remain, a very u 
may be produced. Care must be 
wena the long 
beautiful mayten tree, Maytenus boaria may ral 
handled similarly. 

As sia preokae one might mention 

ae 


Ina this compe then corresponds to a 
saaltiple ‘thanked tre 
t also ahi the freedom of the 


must 
species from ts disease in choosing 
plants. Where the attention of a essional 
gardener is given regularly, there mig 
some point to planting things which require 
care in this respect. H r,ina ny 
he necessary care to ected 
at the critical time. There is little sense in plant- 
i ch as Montere ess in South- 
a Iya do for it will begi ie about the 
gins to become pis om ractive. "The 
pie live -_ is a a = eal wire is : — btful 
proposi vily red n 


dation, "it is Sie heavily ‘ack by ce certain 
insects and diseases 
i 


Ofte ew ieee: n a mi bean fist “will 
aalt it in a great — more salidactaa and less 
expense to the ow 


a eophrastus was ...a botanist in pe 
uit of plan knowledge fo for its own sake. 
is surroun by thousands ry ars, before a 
after him of superstitious jungles he and his 


century are an intellectual clea 
Green Laurels—DONALD Piet PEATTIE 


LASCA’ LEAVES 


HARDY TROPICALS FOR THE SUN 


PHILIP EpWARD CHANDLER 


PopuLar demand for oe gece look in con- 
temporary planting see ave increased 


or | protection to afford considerable 
shade, ar pa one in areas seldom visited 
by biting fro 


But mate ieve an hag aed bold effect, the 
landsc oe geen arn the habits and 
limitations of the seer or semi- eed 

ic as use, th 


ave the 
har 


and shapes they a 
thrive oe cancion Yotei ign 

habits. 
cause a the 


- 
° 
ay 


to be da 


a few 
m o rather well with the onal 
available, even a the vagaries of a not-v 
tropical climat 


ae accenting, or ev hading 


ete. oll perfectly cold- hatte, Welicset te an me 
amount of sun and consider able sha de, 
remai 


bygmaea, or the silver 
clumping grass, Festuca a gla 

Along with palms, or in poe . a height 
and line cain ue in the tropical man nothing 
is hardier to sun and cold than rape 8 Aus- 
tralis, mistakenly known in the ‘bee as Dracena 


indivis (the true D. indivisa has 6” wide 


€ most arr s the 


of deep red bronze, or its seedling variant with 

pe SS gray-bronze leaves suggesting the — 

pati on pewter. Then there are the true 

ve ccas, Yucca recut comune 

with widish dro ooping gray-gre 

many-headed rosettes, thei tuk pos pene a 
entosa 1S > similes 


ae) 


u 
or | oh Tree, Yucca brevifolia, 
is nd sun-loving but unsuccessful in the 
coastal region. And Yucca Whipplei, the Lord's 
Candle, is for d lantings only. Yucca alo 
ie on ie ee hand is suitable and adapt- 
e to — ropic al planting ee the 


A ate 
flax Fp oe aa 
0 pee rscens being t 
and most available. For color it 1s unseea 
ty) 


~ 
a 
ae 
= 
S 
pp 
wn 
[ay 
5 
a 


t 
pea -red. 


feet), S§ 
bs tno b 
sey Goddess (6’), 
Iphonse Karr’ (10’, with 
canes, ie ep yellow mature striped | 
euse) : are all outstanding and all available. 
he 


8 


unrelated is the so-called Heavenly Bam ; 
Nandina domestica, — is not ga at “ 
but serves well in almost any ilemma, an 
the particular interest of b 
the winter, lovely fern-like leaves turning aed 


ropurpurea, 7-10 5 ODER; O 
tern Fiala surprisingly effective contra 
‘tropicals’; Acokanthera ¥ 
cla 


e 
a) the 

sun and cold nights, (ag plant "raapable i: 
ae prong from four to ten feet 

ven espaliere 


pee ee ee ml 


WINTER 1954 17 


For actually goes an area abe int 
tropical moti 
FBasijoa foliosa and 
rather slow-growing er rellas 

spiny fern- like eaves, easy 0 of culture 
but einen on good drainage; Chirantho- 
onkey Ha id tree, 


branches, versation-piece blossoms of 
ark red, cup-shaped, out of the center of 
care protrudes a _ hand-like formation of 


Mexican tree dries into seed pods which suggest 
the Hawaiian w e; Eriobotrya japonica, 
the common , effective as a smal 
medium tree, espaliered, or as a great shrub, too 
common to be appreciated i te of i 
nificent furrowed leaves, intere ting blossoms, 
and decorative edible fr nd S macro 
bhylla he Moreton i ast-growing 
magnificent tree—to ost plantings, 
m 


t s 
Ph stolons Pra 


aboy z 
€-ground roots a natural, in free-form 


design. 

Leafy fillers, 4’-12’, which may be depended 

e throughout 
m 


white and reddish A 

urk’s Cap, a 
green ieive. and scarlet hibiscus like "hie so 
the ever-adaptable handsome Melianthus major 


whose swirls of gray-green paattie and deepcut 
foliage pile up and spill so 3 adectively out of 
over-size sunny raed plantings, island 
redwood tubs, and is particularly effective in 
scaceniesti with Acokanthera and bronze Phor- 
mium, even picking up that red-bronze quality 
with its n maroon i e 


One the 
~ s - large scale wh 


ere its 

n be well o os of contact, is the e nest hay 
pat plant Agave Reser ana glau 

more co by use = Meilescanen:, me 

other subtropical regions yr here. And a half- 


ext ike Ole s of pale beige to ivory to 
inkish 


tie gale subjects for line value include 


t 
e mn ove sin asig or 


and 
Black well tilled ‘ea ine: lightly mulched 
with leafmold. 


THE ROBIN 
“The Robin is the one 
That speechless from her nest 


Subm 


its that home e certainty 


And sanctity are bes 


EMILY DICKINSON 


18 LASCA LEAVES 


GROWING NOTES 


GEORGE H. 


It is our poameee to follow up original com- 
on ne i 


alue because 


ieee to ye 

amount of rainfall, mi and 
temperatures we ong ill see 
why it often takes a long period of time, a 
years, to evaluat 0 plant ly. 


ences in wine ti 
Acacia steedm ( a Leaves, Vol. II, 
2. p. 29) merits an 7 ational note we 
think worth record his time of y 


very ‘is pains The 


ink coloring of 
the Branches is 
time of y 


also especially sonceble at this 


| Dede viscosa purpurea (Vol. III, 


No.1, 
6) ¢ nues to warrant our 


tained in a population. We have learned during 
the past year that this plant will not agen too 


NOTES FOR THE 


SPAULDING 


much water. rei field oe that were 
e flourished, 
as died. The 


seed pods did not p as showy as re- 
ports had led us to Bie pide but pa do have a 
curious interest of their own. 

ombeya dregeana Ae lf, No. 1, pag 
is ere n full bloo ehis year the flowers 
are visible fr me ‘= stance. The foliage is 
ot as rae as last year Ny pe ay account for 
the ac showiness of the 


Pale peruviana, a newcomer 


posse 
square feet, a carp 
Its hardiness is sill 
curred 3 since ring 


c 
appears to be at its best on t dry hls 
where the cl is s decomposed aaa and t 
watering very ¢ 


HORTICULTURIST 


MILDRED MATHIAS 


odern horticultural treatments of gar 
orites are always welcome additions to our 
libraries. The fo ollowing new ke oks in this cate- 
may be mentioned: 
ais John E., The ae of the Geranium. 


184 London. 1951. An up-to-date com- 
slants ee — of a perennially popular 
plant. Chapters on culture, diseases and pests, 
etc. Rep aa on cael light trials. Complete 
lists and brief “ ai a of species and va- 
rieties. Several color pla 

Macself, A. J, pe Fae Garden and Green- 
house. Preis London, m 
book on a lo ong-n egle ree subject. hapters on 


hardy uly clea aes fern 
and di 


of ers. de- 

scriptions of species and varieties in cultivation. 

M . C., Carnations - hae (s and 
we 


a 
lana 
be 


, Propagation, pests and 
diseases, pe Pred maintenance. A glossary 


of 136 pages ry ee = ee and 
pid it notes on each. Several color es. 
A series of popular books on trees rua 
Collingwood, Geo Hi; 
Trees. wee p. Washington. we 
of 150 ee with 806 illustrations pe 
trees, fe leaves, ed flow fruit. 
E ur 


scriptions of 140 common es, mative é 
ntroduced. 

Blackburn, Benjamin, Seng and eget in 
eastern Nor th America. p. “ 4 
1952. chk — aa fae to “the 
native speci 

Graves, Ae shee 
and Shrubs. 


eys, des a 
both ‘native = si — woody eins tr rt 
d vines, commonly found in the no 
“gi 


Recommended library miscellany ie 
Andrews, F. W., The pine Plants of # eo 


——-_ ‘se. a = ee. we 


ea EE 


WINTER 1954 


_ ae des Pros Vol, 3)’ 23 1950 
952. A Deceiasay treatment of 


a ora ne ys eee ar ris es and 

descriptions i = species. Man Sip pease 
Richards, P. The Proc ‘an aes 

450 p a te idve 1952: rehensi 


p. Ca 
ecological treatment of an came orea asso- 
ciation, 
~ Katherine. Plant Boivneaee 735 pp 
ew York. 1953. A complete technical and 
pei treatment of ite subject of plant 
my. 
"Alas Gustav, Der oe Garten. 300 
inchen. 1950. 
ign. 

Hee bape Craft. 
148 New York 51. Lists of plant ma- 
terials and their us eri a Pea 

sion of the techniques of cor ma 
M., fais Cae pe 
sent ly illus- 

rs in arrange- 
a islons—-careges es, bouquets, 
she and wreaths, and as potted plants and in 
ails 


2 p. : 
trated eg on the use of flow 


woneiepnrate AUTHORSHIP 


Ww. n Quattlebaum, member of the edi- 
torial besa = Lasca Leaves, and ue con- 

tributor to column Bird N pies. with the 
collaboration 6a Edith B, ara ebau pub- 
lished a n-page paper titled Ad» pe ee ak 
Sancioan Saas Owls, The subtitle aptly gives 
the key to its purport: — siya at our 
Residence in Pasaden and Mrs. ttle- 
baum have eS en cbserving bied ni within thei 
own home precincts, as w 
adena, pa 1929. This ie igh scrton 0 a 
one of t e bird families of thei igborhoo 


may enjoy further glimps 


offices in limited quantity, or from 
baum directly, 1925 Paloma St., 


Pasaden 


The pen and ink sketch of the Agave plant is a reproduction of an 
original by one of the members of the Arboretum staff, Edward (‘‘Ted’’) 
Pugh, of the Garden Maintenance Staff. Ted spends some of his leisure 
postman’s holiday” 


fashion—on the 
en or 


young artist’s work in future issues of Lasca Leaves. 


20 


LASCA LEAVES 


INTERNATIONAL CODE OF NOMENCLATURE 
FOR CULTIVATED PLANTS 


MILDRED MATHIAS 


need re! a comprehensive set of rules to 
ing of cultivated plants has aa 
e initial s 


een working 
nd gr opte 
Se International 
Pounical Cha ngress Com mitt or the Nom 
clature of Cutlivated Plants and the Int 


tional Committee on Horticultural Nomencla- 
ture a eg uatin the Thirteenth Inter 
national Horticultural Congress, London, Sep- 
tember, 1952. s are sein 5 at 25¢ a 
copy from the Secret ay. American Horticultural 
Council, Inc., Bailey H sir Be i Cornell Uni- 
versity, Ithaca, ee 

It is importan ta ee — and inter- 
nationally ier: sy of nom eee be 
available and “the ree this Code is to pro- 
mote uniformity, accuracy and fixity i os use 
of names with the minimum disturbance of ex 
isting cohen The e should be 
studied in entirety ether in the condensed 


the full text. The fo ee are oe of 
general nips to all plants 
he much misused nie ariety’ o be 
those cg of eek oe 
nown occur in the wild an 
which have names in 2 Lats 
rm ‘cultivar’ (abbreviate _ ge is 
those 


reserved for 


be distinguished from the 
tanical name, — rably by enclosing 


r 
given to cultivars before 

are not to be el but howd 
rom Latin 


January, 
be typographically nah a 
names of botanical varietie 


a 


# 


6. The same Segoe name should not be used 
twice in the ged Be enu 
anding under this code 
unless Saath iniher or oibicially ajo: 
alid publication and registration are defined e 
bis A a of rules is given for the naming of 
hybrids. 
The fol svelte are examples of correct names 
for gees plants: 
Syringa en ‘Mont Blanc’ or Lilac ‘Mont 


elegantissima 
a atropunicea ic botanical va- 
rie nice hin cultiva 
Fagus eh atica ‘riversil’ (a ner ee eee 


eben ‘Huber t Edelsten’ and not 


Blan 
a orientalis’ 
us a a 


sieberi ‘Edelsten's. ne 
ose (Hybrid hee ‘Richm 
Lie m x ‘Shuksa or pti (Bellingham 
Hybrids) ‘Shuksa 
This Code can only ach ore 
adequately supported and widely adopted. ‘The 
bre ao nd introducers of ne eee are 
urged thei wn interest, to give names 
which are in accordance with the Code. Seeds- 
nd sine iri should try to bring their 


ties should refuse ios register n 
“or i ; a 


see ee Scauiording the 
wns pe of procedure they will lars to ome’ 


nown and appreciate ode can 
modified a a ae if cnet trial reveals 
ai need for chan 

ates Ee ese recommendati 
es iain ng he tea of ae oe 


follow 


journals Lasca Leaves will in the future 
the provisions of the Co 


* 


ream of peace on ges is appli 
ut no 


the mind of the architect when ee hae ne ‘he 
theater of the world, nor of the director when 
he cast the paves for their several roles e€ 


original plan that pooniigaee history shall un nfold 


with turmoil has 


the Sojourn eee only of 
also t ee ee eath them 


1s Antobiograph y of Earth— 


gui over whic 


rough the ages con 
plan ats and animals, but 


any sig Cage 
h pie pag- 
, 


nilict or rithed 


ODGDON BRADLEY 


Fe a 


WINTER 1954 21 


SCRATCHBOARD SKETCH BY ALFRED HOTTES 


sericeum 


O-don-to-sper’-mum, (tooth plus seed). 
Compositae fam. (e.g. daisy, sunflower) 

the Canary Cowseye, Odontospermum 
‘ericeum, comes from the Canary Islands 
and was introduced to England in 1779 
so to California culture by Hugh Evans. 
iti plants grow about 2 feet tall and are 
_“'¥ compact. The silky-hairy leaves give 
3 whitish appearance. 
POsite though 
oo are clustered. They are oblong 
ty coe and apple-scented when crushed. 

1€ golden yellow daisies are solitary, 2 


to 3 inches in diameter. The ray florets 
are 3-toothed at the tip. The plants are 
always in bloom when weather permits. 
Uses. This is definitely a shrub for well- 
drained slopes and the semi-wild spot, but 
inasmuch as it has gray foliage it is always 
desirable for the gray garde 
Culture. Odontospermum does not want 
too much water but a warm, sunny well- 
drained spot. Prune back frequently to 
keep the plants in good form and to ex- 
tend the blooming season. It tolerates a 
temperature of 28 degrees. 


— 
~ 


LASCA 


BIRD NOTES 
W. DAN QUATTLEBAUM 


Many — gue fall mg Poses over at 
the ae retu e for so, others 
for a week or m wie this “fall of 1953 

were numerous Ro his s, Bluebirds and Coots, a 
pair of Cinnamon Teale, a Shove Ducks, 
a Green-winged our 


Sata Dis, a Kingisher ey an pare ican 


The came in a number of —_ and 
Mr. Fawcett ped me that he saw it come in one 
particular day but the Crows were so hostile it 

ook i and asn't seen it since 


rro Ru ned 
’s Purple Finch, fone Thrush 
sid Red- breasted Sapsucker 
THRUSHE 

“Through Tanglewood the thrushes trip, 

As brown as any clo 

But in their spotted throats are hung 

The vesper-bells of God 


And I know little secret truths 

And hidden things of goo 

Since I have heard the thrushes sing 

At dusk, in Tanglewood.’ 

EARLE WILSON BAKER 
* * * 
Southern meade tet ge Flower and Garden 
Show, Broo Pasadena, February 26 
through Mar ie se i 
ae Flower Show, April 29 through May 
doorn’ : —— “Botanical Gar- 
dens and A ie BOP fen al aes 
Reconstruction” wi will appear in the Spring issue 
es. 


of Lasca L 


on 


LEAVES 


CALEND 
apa iced mellia Society: meets 


a Ave., and Villa St 
mellia flower exhibit at 7:30 p.m.; 
meeting call mn order, 8 EpaD 


Southern Califor 
meets the thi 
Recreation Building, sth. and m 
“oa Hes - exhibit, 7:30 p.m.; meeting call 
to order 


nia Hort ine Institute: 
mon 


* 
Bulb Society: meets the “ioe Friday 7 the month 
_ Michillinda Women’ mi So. Rose- 
ead Blvd., Fasatiene: 7: a 
on 
Cymbidium Soe meets the _ aoe q 
the month at I.0.0.F. Temple, 
Robles, aa mE 30 ae 


Orchid Hobbyists: San "Gabriel unit, persse the 
3rd Thursday, at Michillinda Women’s Club, 
736 So. Rosemead Blvd., Pasadena; 8 pi 

* * * 


Hine ie Show: March 13-21, 1954. 
, Not ial News column for de- 


\ailed 4 announce emen 
* a 


Norte: Pi 
column is desi ok kee 


2 ; 
a Leaves’ sts es 
such Sigantattons wish to submit for ao 


Arcadia, Calif.) not later than the 1st of De- 
mber, March, June and September to meet the ~ 
quarterly press dates 


and to 
preg m 
iety name, meeting dates, : 
ike Clubs are en the groups Bese to 
make use of this co | 


EDITOR’S NOTES 


Readers of Lasca Leaves have been pleasantly introduced in Volume III to its Ornithological 
Editor, W. Dan Quattlebaum, not only through t 
ecti ad 


little treatise strikes the chosen keynote of the editor's comments in this issue; like the small gr y 


ed 
. being wise and tolerant, sosesped the principle that one should not sp 
ealees he can improve on silence.’ 


e column, Bird Notes, but also in salute to 


germane remark on 


WINTER 1954 23 


NAMES, NOTES AND NEWS 


The annual meeting of the Southern Cali- 
fornia Turf Conference was held on October 12 
953 the 13 


members inspected the turf s a 

Arboretum These plot — are primarily ra or 

om n development and offer tears: 
ma = Sitter €s . some of the same 
ae nee golf courses ne ouble recrea- 

areas ree ani cle of conrlatve arate 

these test plots be tents ed in Lasea Vol. 
LIE SINO: 3p: under the oer “Soil Condi 
tioning with icriium Ge s B. Mar 


The California Internationa Flower Show 

will be held at Hollywo er Inglewoo - 

California, fon March | ist ugh March 2 
Ww 


wi tit hav 
an Plants 


gain this 
oe Mes 


_ 
he readers Lasca Leaves are provided vie 
a Snes list of The International Flow 
Show's 1954 renee on Educational Exhibits 
as ‘alia 
be sini Dr. Mildred E. Mathias, Dept. of 
Botany, Plant bona od Bldg., Univ. of 
Calif. at nase Angeles, oy Angeles 24. 
Dr. Edwin oe, W. Pierce School of 
ae Canoga Par 
Mr. ae A. Beutel, County Farm Advisor, 808 


pring St., Los Ang 
Me Philip A. Chandon Deni . bola Path- 
ology, Univ. of Calif. Angeles, 
eteran Ave., Los Angel 
Mr eRoy Chitwood, ier Keeline- Wilcox 
ries, Box 278, llo. 


Hone PB 436, pig of Calif. 


Matthews, os pei Board of 
Education, 451 No. Hill St., Los Angeles 


Mr. Alfred reaps bi 
s Ange 

Dr. Russell = Seibert, Director, Los Angeles 

State and County Arboretum, Box 688 
- ia. 

Mr. Charles Wenger, Supervisor, Landscape 
Maintenance, Los Angeles reds hai 
1425 So. San Pedro St., Los Ang 

*k * 


ard §. Bo en 
Ltd. "Ri Monte, 


10136 National Blvd., 


Site Exec.-Secy. of Bodger 
Ss, Calif., recently was 

es 

: of wie nae to Mr. Chitwood for ores 

4 name, Lasca Leaves, Vol. III, No. 


arded a citation of merit by the American 


occ casion 


locally prominent rs ape 


iS cgacaaggend iss to Her Pe t C. Swim, out- 

ing southern Cali aio rose hybridizer, 
came in at bestowal of triple awards again this 
yea ose 


for seedling Mojave, the All 

a piel f 1954 was giv his own 

country, and added to that was an award from 

t oncours des Roses Nouvelles, Bagatelle 
Ga aris, ee nce ne 


des R 
land. Swiss Canal General Dr. Walter Schmid 


ade the presentation of the Geneva Cup an 
Gold Medal Cert French Consul 
General Raoul Bertrand presented the Bagatelle 
Gold Medal Award. The occasion presen- 
tation was a luncheon in the si ng les Room 
f the Statler Hotel, Los Ang cembe 
8th, attended by a large group a peo — 
orticulturists dry Armstrong, Execut 
Vv res t o Asien Nurseries, On. 
tario, Calif., introduced Mr. im as their 
Director of Research, ose competent work 
now been twice ie ge ized by these coveted 
wards rarely pres together to one indi- 
Sa 


of esteem, a age 
s also presented to Mr. Swim r. i 
f erg O : Come mpany, Los 
Angeles, on behal Mr. Swim’s many friends 
and associates. 
COVER PICTUR 

As a fitting frame for the view of the Sierra 

ioe mountain mg in the Backsround, nen 
h 


ing north from the Arbor 

Arca, sero senattoh Nut Le Pera 

Benth.) arches the foregr nad An errant 

branch, it prometorm serves the purpose of 

beauty in its setting. This Sycamore tree as it 
aa 


t 
Lasca ae in its dwarf form, Vol. I, No. 3, 
April, 1 


24 LASCA 


BOOK REVIEWS AND COMMENTS 


Hollies: H. Harold Hume. The aoe Co; 
New Yo rk, 1953. 242 pp. $6.7 

H s a book for which many once, 
managers of estate ae and just plain garden 

a waiting. Heads of referent ce depa ae 


and pamph - o 
Gon: together in one very r 
any d Dea 


Provost an 
lege at Agriculture of the : sabre Feeds, 


sii Dr. 


is are author ae many books on gardening and 
flowers, including “Az si and Camellias,” and 
“Gardenin ae idee uth.” 

“Hollies” not only cade a fi aborkcins guide 


for the planter, La envipr nal o ur, but 


sap aad or ag e of the 

many illustrations: Ee “photographs 
eval a: n black and white, 

pice ee rea He rawings of esate 


out 
a of oo ay Se ee 
e yerba maté of South Americ 
is sal yen from ‘wild s 
Paraguay, Brazil and Argen flower- 
ing oo sg the decorative holly have “© 
added value—in t cup or in the so 
a mes very Fei ae oe 
J. Howarp ASPER 
400 Plants of South Florida—Juli Morton 
and R. Bruce Ledin. Text House “(Blode ) 
Inc., 1952. A eit Nature Series Publication. 
page drawings by Frank D. 


Pla ore 


’ South Florida’s plants include the 
more gical and most frequ eine se 
and speci 


ving as a guide fo 
visitors and residents alike. Bot ic and 
ive flowering and fruiting plants as well 
others purely ornamental come under considera- 
tion. Descriptions embrace 1) commo —_ 


n 
2) ornamental values briefly discussed; 3) ed 


LEAVES 
ble and ge ge peveies kag 4) nee 
and other ee Tae to 
plants are hens Attractiv 


afi printed on ae 
ustrations present a splendid 


aad a A eiiseor real p — 
me . Altogether 
a oivns aadigion ie Lonadical literature. 

oe si aed . -- Ma aga a a nd Julia 
rida) = oral 
on = ' Tonks Raise Series Publica- 
1 115 pp. 55 photographs by the 

0 


on volume to 400 Plants of South 
Flonide, ey re-issue (1953) is ceca is il- 
nat sae icy the mor = a 

indigen and fruits of Nassa on 
inc dently of conth "Florida. ‘Illustrative ‘phote- 
sein of each fruit are accompanied by history 

otes, descriptions and many uses of these 
fruits as well as ni gees bic of pe 
them as oe and note to when each 1s 
in season. mber of ce fruits are ba as 

€ grown in bene® Californ 
Russ vn J. SEIBERT 
en Soap e neti pesigatig by Mulford— 
B. Foster and other members of The Bromeliad 
Society. "Published ty 
Bi 


It 1 
the fet "Of i ts Lisa 
n 


or fe 
Qo. 
2) 


long felt n bt ne tif 
as terest in this Ppsaerie n plant fam fam 
ICTORIA PADILL 


= eee 


CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC. 


BOARD OF TRUSTEES 


PRetAO ois es Pca aa cle ees para SAMUEL AYRES, JR 
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GBORGE EL. BPAUIING. oc esas ker ieee aes Superintendent 
LOUIS I, MARGIN one cee seer, Plant Physiologist 
W OUI BO ee) sav and s Ca pees Foes Propagator 
J. THOMAS MCGAM ii 5 0 obs eu cao es Plant Recorder 
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MEMBERSHIPS 

Annual Associate DAPIAIOISNG 6 Ai sie ow digs Ch kes ae en $3. 5.00 
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All contributions deductible under Federal Income Tax Law. 
ADDRESS 
Box 688—Arcadia—California 
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OFFICERS 1954 


PURER ca tesla tees eer ees FRED W. ROEWEKAMP 
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BOARD OF DIRECTORS 


WILLIAM BERESFORD Percy C. EVERETT 
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COmunetciel MG iiss i oo 4s Vetsiiw eee ss ces 50.00 year 
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Sede eee 


/ 


2/ 


@ASPRING 1954 
Vol. IV, No. 


LASCA LEAVES 


The official publication of the Southern California Horticultural Institute 
and the California Arboretum Foundation, I 


5 of 
“Los ANGELES Sar ‘AND ‘COUNTY ARBORETUM 


EDITORIAL COMMITTEE 


ROBERT CASAMAJOR MILDRED MATHIAS 
PHILIP EDWARD CHANDLER PHILIP A. MUNZ 
WILLIAM HERTRICH RUSSELL J. SEIBERT 


EDITORIAL BOARD 
Arboretums and Botanical Gardens 
orthern Fie bias Ti rattan: McCLINTOCK 
Gait Barbara—KATHERINE K, MULLER 
SE ee eas B. TOWNSEND 
paid ey 2 GERRY NSS Tesi 1 ap > OR Ie ee ae 


C6 8k ee Oe SS 8 S18 8 6 6 6.6 1 HS 88 ee BU 


2 2) ORS Oe a RGSS Se be 6 e 6 6 eee Le 6 eee WLS 

Chet 6 6.0 Ole Ae ee a See wee 8 ee Se Sh 8 

SG SOP Stes ea i ie Re 0 Oe Oh Be ee. we, ale ee we 
EOS 8 CPE OG OO EP Oe ee Oe ee ee ee ee 

FBO OG Oe Oe ae: OE Ae a aR ee ee ee me Oe CR 


Taxonomy of Exotics 
Taxonomy of Natives 


F neh an CALIF 


/. 
eS Sie el y 
Oy 


SPRING 1954 


Lasca Leaves 


Vou. IV APRIL, 1954 No. 2 


CONTENTS 


Ralph D. Cornell 27 
Howard E. Troller 


OW tlhtam’ Penn: Piorticaliarist 66 oka a es ie ee Editorial 29 


Points of Entry and Their Civic Value........ 


Botanical Gardens and Arboretums of the Past 


and Thee: Reconstrattions..<:205 i sy. eos Frans Verdoorn 30 
Commonly Cultivated Species of Fuchsias........ Alfred C. Hottes 36 
Legahand: Pinckign WE teen el pet es ea ks Kay Betts 39 
The California International Flower Show 1954..... Charles Levitt 41 
Teddy Bears and: Bucalyptas...  3..iscu ¢5ie ghee ow Ted Holderness 42 
Corer. Pieitee 3 aio cc ea airs dee egg ars 43 


Cinnamomum camphora: excerpt from Charles Francis Saunders’ 


WED SS coi ci pe anc ppune wae etnee ae wee oe A Ok Va GSS 43 
Asrowing Nokes often Gia bc Vows cent George H. Spalding 44 
Bitd Notes: go ere aie W. Dan Quattlebaum 45 
Charles Gilbbe Adan eo cach eres: se ee ee os dae s 45 
Dr, Ephraity Haregbenl ic 655505 osu (25444 H.R. Oppenheimer 46 
Warnes, Notes die INOW cy we pee ess 46, 47 
Malena oo va oe Ow te vee pet eee eek waa 47 
Book Reviews and Comtients. cc... G05 os bee neo ens es 48 


ILLUSTRATIONS 


Court of the Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles: 


Landscape FASC 6 IO ee ee oe eek pee oe ws 26 
Scratchboard Sketches: Fuchsias, by Alfred C. Hottes.......... 37, 38 
Leonhardt Fuchs: oi es ee gees ct eenasate pera ferara ae a a 40 


Acacia COPAIOD DNS My PG AOI Sis oo en 8p EN See eee se 44 


26 LASCA LEAVES 


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Landscape Architect's Drawing for Court of the Sciences, University of California 
at Los Angeles, Westwood. Courtesy of Ralph D. Cornell, Landscape Architect. 


a Oe Foe ee 


ae a 


ee Ee ee eee eee ee eS ae 


SPRING 1954 


POINTS OF ENTRY AND THEIR CIVIC VALUE 


RALPH D. CoRNELL AND Howarp E. TROLLER, Landscape Architects 


THE First and last impressions that a 
traveller receives from any community are 
those gained at the points of entry,—the 
nerve ganglia of the many routes of travel. 
These impressions are important and en- 
during. Good or bad they fix indelible 
images in the minds of those who pass 
through the portals of our cities which, in 
their turn, may serve as the gateway 
through which peoples of other countries 
enter our land. 

Once inside, the traveller traverses the 
public highways. He observes the public 
buildings, parks and parkways and the 
component parts of the community. The 
impressions that they create, again, be- 
come very important in the complex, mo- 


saic picture that visitors and citizens, alike, 


equally in hard dollar-and-cents economy 
0 pices sie values. They should not be 


ignored, 


ood landscape design 


j than is th : C 
Bis the e single phase of adding plants 


: been established 


picture after the plan pattern has 


All landscape design is three-dimen- 
sional and involves much more than mak- 
ing a pretty, two-dimensional drawing on 
paper. It is deeply influenced by to 
raphy, land uses to which areas shall be 
put, soil, drainage, grading, climate, en- 
vironmental setting, and—cost. Plants, 
which are a highly important part of the 
end product in average landscape plan- 
ning, may be a very small part in the per- 
centage cost of the work. It all depends 
upon the type of work and upon whether 
the problem is one of planting in a more 
or less decorative sense, or whether it is 
concerned with the larger aspects of plan- 
nings that include much more than the 
selection and placing of plants. 

The planning design of public work 
such as | genie civic centers, public build- 
ings and such, calls for a more timeless 
quality than does planning of private 
work. Public landscaping should be more 
pleasing after a ant years than it is 
one year from the time of planting. Time 
plays a more important part in the design 
of public spaces than it does in gardens 
or small, commercial work. And yet the 
plant materials that are used in any scheme 
are far from timeless, although some trees 
will live and thrive for hundreds of years. 
Architecture, masonry and ground forms 
can be brought to full completeness the 
day that work is finished and, barring 
calamity, will stand more or less indefi- 
nitely without change. By contrast, the 
planting of a tree introduces a living, 
growing element into the composition,— 
a mass and form that will change with the 
seasons and with the years. properly 
placed and cared for it should improve 
with age and increasingly add to the satis- 
faction and beauty of the design that was 
cenceived in the planner’s mind. 

Landscape planning of public areas is 
largely influenced by the functional aspects 
of circulation, use, community culture and 


28 LASCA 
costs as well as by the considerable masses 
of buildings and other architectural forms. 
As the architectural profession largely has 
shaken off the habit of eclectic design so, 
too, should the landscape plan eliminate 
stylized formality, abstract frivolities or 
naturalistic confusion that lose the real 
meaning and purpose for its being. Public 
buildings should not be the background 
or botanical experimentation. 

In many cases of public work the archi- 
tectural structures dominate the entire pic- 
ture and thus should generate the mood 
as well as the motif for the design of the 
relatively small spaces about them, The 
landscape pattern should be painted 
broadly with ground covers and lawns and 
controlled plant masses. Form should be 
defined by shrubs, and trees should articu- 
late space. Mass effects become far more 
important as emphasis than do individual 
plant specimens or foliage forms. Proper 
juxtaposition of masses may achieve inter- 
est and emphasis. These points are well 
illustrated by the planting along the 
Spring Street side of the Federal Building 
in Los Angeles. 

All materials and elements selected for 

f 


zh many years. 
truism holds particularly in the choice of 
plant materials, which shou ardy in 
situations where used. For the most part 
they should be long-lived and pve 3 re 
quire a minimum amount of coddling for 
proper growth and development. First 
cost is capitalized, written off, and for- 
gotten, but maintenance goes on forever. 
It is important that the cost and nuisance 
of upkeep do not strangle and kill the 
s that lays the eggs.’ Plant ma- 
terials are lamentably dependent upon 
proper maintenance fo evelop- 
ment and lasting quality. If materials of 
quality are to remain just that and 
are to express intent of the design, they 
must be properly maintained with a com- 
prehension and understanding of those 
things envisioned by the designer 
If the planting of public areas, chiefly 
at focal points of community life, is to be 


LEAVES 


sound, basically and structurally, it may 
not be considered lightly as embroidery — 
on a garment or the feather in the hat. It 


The artist uses them skillfully, not casu-— 
ally. _ 
“But let's have color, lots of it,” sings” 
the chorus. "The city needs more color. — 
How true that is! But it is a truism: 
fraught with countless hazards, for it 
takes more than just color to create beauty. | 
Billboards can be very colorful without an 
aesthetic touch in their entire framework. 
Color in planting must be handled very” 
intelligently and wear! : its hi 
ibiliti ized, since COLOf- 
possibilities are to be rea : audi 


skill as do the many other elements of; 


chaos rather than unity. That med 
again, that color in landscape design u 


ae ee ee ee ae 


3 


la al li Ni te ie? en ol eae 


SPRING 1954 29 


ally should be a means to the end rather 
than the end result, itself. 


ood. They resolve 
into the fact that the fee ie planning 
of public areas involves more than casual 


trees and sh nd flowers. As in 
ci famed “balances of life’ there is 
to be considered beyond any one 


mu 
ania factor. Only as the intelligence 


is comprehending can one hope for the 
finest results. 

The traveller's reaction to visual experi- 
ences usually is not analytical of reasons 
why he is pleased, indifferent or actually 


that he couldn’t draw a straight line but 
he surely could tell one when he saw it, 
we all may not know what makes a land- 
scape plan either groan or sing. But there 
are many of us who can recognize the 
music when it sings. 


“WILLIAM PENN. HORTICULTURIST” 


“It is not enough to say of any man that h 
was ee he lived, and he died. The years os 
tween are those that make or br 


eak 
nation. Frequently a nation has been founded 
by the genius of ee Soi with 
William Penn, ot, of course, be 


e cou 
called a nation ee der, i he w was a founder 
of a gre eat cs on sy North American conti- 
nent. nces a a tightly packed 
little book under t rie title, William Penn, Horti- 
culturist, b achel McMast ee . 


m 
e Ad- 

seaman in English history to hold 

na rae oe general of the —and 
illiam Penn, the son, perhaps bes est t known as 

a Quaker preacher and writer—less well re- 

membered as a city planner and oearaltarist 

Kin n land granted to him by Charter from the 

hg in 1681, Wi d 


f 
Delaware and planning his 
he. Streets, he made provision also for “A A 
" Square or park of 10 srt and four more 0 
acres each in the 4 quarters of the city 7 
ot ‘for the comfort peg recreation of all 


fate r his own family estate grounds 
fours d to i anor house—the 
the Ee ur Manor, restored in 1938 by 
Massie ean Historical and Museum Com- 
ok 2—surroun with a “heavy wooded 

where, as he later wrote, ‘The 


Woods are adorned with Lovely Flowers, for 


Colour, Greatness, Figure and Variety ... The 
e 


Natural Produce of the Country, of Vegetables 
is Trees, its, Plants, Flowers. The Trees of 
most Note are the Black Walnut, Cedar, Cyprus, 
Chestnut, Poplar, Gumwood, H y, Sassa- 
frax, Ash, Beech, and Oak of Sorts, as 
Red, White, and Black; Spanish Chestnut and 
Sw ost Durable of all: Of All 
hich, there is Plenty for the Use of Man 


Sex 3 
n the fact that his carrots — onions were 


eo Rds . 


for there we see the 
Cities little else but the Works of Men: 

the one makes a apa aap for our Con- 
templation than he 


Little a that Withak: Penn ‘‘stands 
ord oO 


and rm when necessary—tor his 
: nin all 


each decade commemo: 


enn’s 
here when William ase first reached these 
shores in October of 1 


30 LASCA LEAVES 


BOTANICAL GARDENS AND ARBORETUMS OF THE 
PAST AND THEIR RECONSTRUCTION 


FRANS VERDOORN 


Secretary, International Biohistorical Commission*® 


Horti Botanici, quos vulgo Paradisos nuncu- 
pant, comprehendunt vegetabilia peregrina, ubi 
aedificia vario caloris gradu fovent etiam fer- 
venti soli adsvetas. Hi maximo usu se com- 
mendant; nam praeterquam quod exoticas spec- 
tare licet, etiam congeneres hic & adfines sistun- 
ur, ut similitudo & discrepantia facillime ob- 

1759) 


i 
servetur (C. LINNAE Instructio Musei. 


posts, they belong to the oldest 
scientific institutions. They often pioneered 
in the introduction of economic and orna- 


tanical and much other biological research, 
thereby playing an important rdle in the 
history of biology. 


today’s botanical gardens and arboretums 
well, just as we cannot really understand 
any subject of pure or applied biology, 
unless we make ourselves familiar with its 
development through the ages. To appre- 
ciate a modern botanical garden and to 
evaluate its future possibilities we have to 

now about its history, about the life and 
work of those who were concerned with 
it before our time, about the history and 
use of the land before the establishment 
of the garden in question and, last but not 
least, about the origin and history of the 
plants grown in the garden. 

*Based on an unpublished fi : held before 


‘ture 
the American Association of Park Executives, 
6 


Boston, Mass., October 5, 1946. 


BY 
All this is not as easy as it sounds, we do 
not want to collect some odds and ends, 
some amusing anecdotes; we are scientists, — 
not antiquarians, and we want to obtain 


This was not so difficult fifty years ago, 
when all in charge of a botanical garden 
had been to a Latin School and trained in 
the humaniora. Today, we often have to. 
make ourselves first acquainted with the 
method of the history af science and with 
“historical criticism,” which calls for other 
methods and techniques than those fol- 
lowed in biological and horticultural re ~ 
search, 
‘+ -- 
As I outlined elsewhere, in great de- 
tail, we will find that there ase seve : 
ways of approaching the history of a gar 
das ora a of parcieie or, a period of © 
gardening or the history of the plants” 
grown there. The easiest way is the Bible ' 
graphical Method. We make a search Of 


SPRING 1954 31 


all published material on the subject we 
are concerned with and publish this with, 
or without, annotation, as was done b 
DENISE in his memoir on the Jardin des 
Plantes in Paris. 

Then we may follow the Biographical 
Method.—We study our subject through 
the life of those who played a major part 
in its development. BAAS BECKING ob- 
tained very good results with this method 
in his account of the Leyden Botanic 
Garden. 

The Enumerating Method.—We list all 
data we are able to find, mostly in chrono- 
logical order, without deduction, without 
analysis, without too much philosophy. 

he Dogmatic Method is often followed 
by beginners and historically not well edu- 
cated colleagues. We gather all data we are 
able to find and compare the resulting 
picture with the situation of today, evalu- 
ating it according to current standards, 
and forgetting that present conditions will 
hardly last forever. 

The Anecdotical Method.—We sketch 


Care as most anecdotes are anything but 
authentic. 

The Comparative Method.—A blend of 
all techniques, except the dogmatic, best 
suited to a specific subject. It places its 
a ae in their own time and leaves them 
there, studying the part they played in the 
evolution of botany and horticulture. It 
— for much research and thought, and 

€ method cannot be applied successfully 
unless bibliographical and enumerative 
studies have previously been made 

Now you will say—this is all very nice 


Is it, however, reall i 
, ; y worth while to dig up 
- these old data? Will my effort be of 
real use? The answer is yes, emphati- 
es. 


lly y 


In the first place those in charge of 
botanical gardens will find it useful to em- 
phasize their history, to preserve their his- 
torical landmarks, and to show the visitors 
something of the history and development 
of botany and horticulture generally. Ex- 
perience has also shown that these activi- 
ties, often in codperation with a local his- 
torical society, attract new collaborators as 

as members, and funds which would 
not have been available otherwise. It will 


c 
members of the staff of any botanic gar- 
den. 


Besides, as we will discuss later, today’s 
gardens look quite different from those of 
revious generations. Every large garden, 
I believe, will find it worth while to in- 
clude amongst its special gardens one or 
more reconstructions of gardens of the 


they existed, and perhaps still exist, else- 
where (for the reconstruction of typical 
foreign gardens, assistance can often be 
obtained from regional or national so- 
cieties of citizens of foreign origin). 


chain. How shall we know, unless we are 
geniuses (and geniuses split atoms, they 
do not work in or near botanical gardens), 
how the next links have to be molded, 
unless we are familiar with previous links ? 

Let us now go back to our gardens and 
plants and let us briefly consider the de- 
velopment of gardens. I do not say the 
development of botanical gardens for it is 
often difficult to separate botanical gardens 
from other gardens. In the 17th century 
the professors considered only their hort: 


32 LASCA 


macy, and by training a physician, an 
his students the plants listed in their 
Pharmacopoeia. Other plants were some- 
times mostl 


a 
plants, but rarely wild plants from nearby 
woods and meadows. 

At that same time the more substantial 
merchants established beautiful gardens 
where the seeds and bulbs brought home 
by their captains from faraway countries 
were given a 


than the géardini dei semplici. 


Of the early gardens which seem of 
interest from our point of view, I may 
mention: 

Egyptian Gardens.—These are mostly 
courtyard gardens which have been sub- 
divided, in a characteristic way, by little 
walls or rows o 


ad 
= 
0] 

rar 
is) 
72) 


= 
o 
5 
oO 
7 
3 
° 
an 
= 
p 


impressionistic touch. T 
sunken pool surrounded by decorated pots. 
Many plans have been published of 


D 
terminis and there one will prefer a Chi- 
nese or Japanese garden which stands the 
extreme of the Northern climate so much 
better 


As to other early gardens, I may quote 
from notes kindly made available to me by 
Professor D, W. Ponp of Harvard Uni- 
versity: ‘The Greeks had two types of de- 
sign: first, the groves and naturalistic 
areas for their group gatherings and dis- 
cussions, and second, their private or 
house gardens which were the type of de- 
sign copied by the Romans at a later peri- 
od. act several writers believe, and 
with considerable evidence, that the Ro- 
man type of the atrium and peristyle gar- 


LEAVES 


a 
Minor. GRIMAL, in his recent Les Jardins 


grance, and the purely aesthetic pleasures q 
to be derived from various kinds of flow- — 


COLUMELLA, 


nae 2 ne, : 

scale reproduction of PLintus's Villa Tusct 

has, e.g., recently been made at the Unt- 
versity of Cambridge, England. 

Much is known about the Mediaeval 


a. a we, — ek - ae 


SPRING 1954 33 


Gardens of the Old World. They have 
been studied in detail by art historians, 
historians of culture and historians of sci- 


low fences, the beds and seats are raised, 
and not difficult to reconstruct. Plant lists 


which excellent plans exist; with their 
seem the 
prototype of the later bortus academicus. 
Castle gardens were larger, 
Space permitted, often bordering on an 
orchard, meadow, or fields for games. 


Otten exaggerated craftsmanship. A fairly 
large number ies i 


English 
oe the Elisabethan Garden, is 


bal by a characteristic pergola or 
alustrade. These Elisabethan gardens so 


aba of KrrrrepGe, Harvard's great and 
Piet nage authority of Elisabethan times, 
“ms not to have been as strong as the 


whi : 
hich ma e, in due course, place for a 


block of ‘Harvard Apartments’ showing 
the fate which befalls a garden that be- 
came separated from the community it 
once served. 

In this same period Botanical Gardens, 
in the modern sense o e word, were 
being established in Italy and other Euro- 
pean countries. The early botanical gar- 
dens look very much like simplified Re- 
naissance gardens, they consist only of 
our groups of beds which form a simple 
parterre, on one side there is often a per- 
gola and in the center a simple fountain, 


gardens I like the circular gardens best, as 
they can be reconstructed in such a de- 
lightful way. 

The Padua Gardens of 1590 were, with 
great changes, reproduced in the Royal 
Botanical Society Garden at Regent’s Park 
and later in various school gardens. I saw 
them once redrawn, in a French art jour- 
nal, by a French garden designer—there 
they looked almost as if made for a 
CORBUSIER designed estate. 

Chinese and Japanese Gardens are es- 


istic small buildings and bridges in addi- 
tion to the planting which is more limited 
than in most other gardens but not easy. 
The dwarf trees particularly are hard to 
grow for our hasty, modern gardeners. At 
one time Chinese elements were intro- 
duced in European garden design, this re- 
sulted in a special style of which we still 
find remnants in many botanical gardens, 
including Kew. 

ou all know the main periods and 
styles which the landscape architect dis- 
tinguishes for the gardens after the Re- 
naissance: 

The French School, so well known from 
Le Norre’s creations: large parks, boldly 
designed, with a diversified planting, and 
large, regular artificial lakes. This style has 
influenced our botanical gardens little. 

The Dutch School, known from the 
famous merchants’ gardens along the Am- 


34 LASCA 
stel and Vecht rivers. The gardens are 
smaller than the Fre 


with a tiled roof, without glass) and many 
notable introductions. 

The English Landscape Gardens, of 
which again many types exist, the natural- 
istic garden designed by PRESTON, Prince 
PUCKLER and others. These gardens gave 
us our arboretums in the strict, classic 
sense of the word, /.¢., botanical gardens 
which have been landscaped according to 
naturalistic principles and planted chiefly 

ith trees and shrubs. 

The larger gardens at this time had 
winter gardens in large glasshouses, from 
which our botanical greenhouses and con- 
servatories are derived. 

In the 19th century, with the distribu- 
tion of wealth over an increasing number 
of citizens, gardening became popular in 
Victorian times. The typical Victorian 
Garden matched a Victorian residence in 
artificial design, much clipping, bizarre 
beds, and a generally unquiet effect. This 
style, as may still be seen in many small 
university botanical gardens on the Con- 
tinent, did not fail to influence our botani- 


OETHE’S time, some of these gardens 
may still have a certain charm, the same 
kind of charm as that of pretty girls, in a 
musical comedy, dressed as our great 
grandmothers in their youth (see, e.g., the 
print of the old Ziirich Garden reproduced 
in CHRONICA BOTANICA 10, plate 32). 

It has been interesting to note that bo- 
tanical gardens and arboretums never had 
a style of their own. Of course, they could 
always be recognized by the great variety 
of species grown, on the one hand, and 
the open spaces where nothing was grown 
on the other, but their design and style 
has always been adapted from the gardens 


LEAVES 


of the time, whatever the demands of sci- 
ence and horticulture may have been. 

Minor innovations, whatever their 
merits, in gardens and gardening generally 
were quickly adopted by botanical gardens, 
such as rock, wall, marsh, and rose gar- 
ens. 


Qa, 


oe ae 

This has been a very sketchy account of 
the gardens of the past. Contemporary bo- 
tanical gardens o 
separate, specialized gardens and, though 
this may not be an ideal condition from the 
designer’s point of view, the needs which 
a modern botanical garden, now often 
called an arboretum, particularly in North 
America, has to fill are so manifold that 
they ask for a composite garden which 
offers the designer some intriguing prob- 
lems, problems which were also found and 
brilliantly met in the design of the larger, 
diversified, late Renaissance gardens. I be- 


lieve that the late Renaissance garden — 


offers a better basis for a “modern ar- 


R and OLMST 2 
proved, to the arboretum in the strict, 
classic sense of the word. 

In certain cases, the reconstruction of 
specific gardens, which had almost or en- 
tirely disappeared, has been very success- 
ful and inspiring. Noteworthy examples 


of such reconstructions are the Hortus : 
Linnaeanus at Uppsala, the Colonial Gar- — 
ns now being reconstructed, with such 


loving care, at Williamsburg, Va., the 
Hortus Clusianus in the Leyden Garden, 
and ‘Lucky BALDWIN’s” adobe and gat 
den on the 
geles State and County Arboretum. 


prints of early medicinal plant gard 

which makes their reconstruction fairly 

easy. 
These days, many botanical garded 
a 


rounds of the new Los An- — 


SPRING 1954 35 


If done properly, a Bible-plant garden 
should be primarily an ecological or plant 
geographical reconstruction (for the spe- 
cies to be grown, the biohistorians’ ad- 
vice, conflicting as it may be, will of course 
be essential 


Renaissance garden. This is just one of 
the many problems of historical criticism 
to which I referred earlier. Much greater 
difficulties arise from the old planting lists. 

Scientific reconstruction demands that 


ice English schools, have disappeared. 
ometimes, they can be bred again but 


io in many climates, as shown y our 
Plate of the Spanish garden at the 1952 


er t 
dens rich possibilities which have hardly 
been considered, as yet. Early European 
Farm and American Indian Pel ie, 
simple as they may be, offer other possi- 
bilities and tie in with other interests. 

The cost of the reconstruction and up- 
keep of historical gardens is high, often 
one will need extra funds and will have 
to interest groups which did not contribute 
hitherto to one’s garden budget to make 
them possible. 

Recapitulating we may say: (1) it is 
quite worth while to study the history of 
r own Botanical Garden and of other 
gardens of the past, (2) this study will 
reward us with new and useful ideas about 
historical landmarks which may be em- 
phasized and reconstructions which will 
profit all concerned, and (3) above all, it 
will give us new ideas about the future of 
our 0 en, about new relations be- 
tween the living plants, the herbarium, the 
books, research, education and extension 


° 


ork. 

A botanical garden or arboretum re- 
mains one of ew places on earth 

ere those engaged in the study and 
cultivation of humanistic and_ scientific 
values may meet and should be made to 
meet. CLIFFORD HARRISON expressed it 
with better words than I can find: 


More than a pleasance is a garden-plot; 
No playground merely, no sequestered 


grove, 
Gardens have been, since man's primeval 
ot, 
The scene of thoughts on which the ages 
move... 


Waltham, Mass., U.S.A. 
July, 1953. 


36 LASCA-LEAVES 


COMMONLY CULTIVATED SPECIES OF FUCHSIAS 


ALFRED C. HorTTes a 


(Few’shi-a, or in Europe pronounced 
fooks’ i-ab. Named for Leonhard Fuchs, 
German professor of medicine and botani- 
cal author, 1501-1565. Family Onagra- 
ceae, related to Oenothera, Evening-prim- 


There are more than eighty species of 
Fuchsias growing mainly in Central Amer- 
ica, several in New Zealand, but the usual 
gardener thinks of Fuchsia hybrida. It is 
the name to which a multitude of varie- 
ties have been assigned. They are gener- 
ally derived from M. magellanica and a 
larger leaved and larger flowered species 
F, fulgens, from Mexico. For a discussion 
of the vast array of varieties and their 
culture, refer to: 

Alfred Stettler, “The Fuchsia Book,’’ 
American Fuchsia Society. 

E. O. Essig, ‘Fachsias,” The National 
Horticulture Magazine, Jan., 1934. 

Philip A. Munz, ‘A Revision of the 
Genus Fuchsia,’ California Academy of 
Science, 4th series, Vol. 25, No. 1, 1943. 
This is the most comprehensive discussion 
of species. 

H. M. Butterfield, “Hints on Growing 
Fuchsias,”’ a leaflet from University of 
California, Berkeley. 

A to Z on Fuchias,”’ California Fuchsia 
Society, a very complete list of variety de- 
scriptions with cultural hints. 


SPECIES 


ered and some are pot plants because of 
their small size, others are tall and well 
adapted to use in the landscape. 


long, dark red tubes; sepals dark 
lanceshaped, turned back; petals dark red, 
erect or divergent, pistil scarcely reaching 


the tip of the sepal. Leaves elliptical to — 
oblong-lanceshaped, ubescent on — 
both surfaces, 12 to 24 principal veins on — 
each side of midrib, sometimes 7 inches — 


the flower. 


a prominent vein close to the outer mat- — 
gin of the leaf. ; 
3. F. fulgens, Flame F. Flowers with 
dull red tubes; sepals dull scarlet, green 
tipped; petals dazzling scarlet; stigmas 
pink, green tipped. Leaves broad-oval, — 
often heartshaped; ten lateral veins on 
each side of the midrib, petioles and mi 
rib red. 
4. F. splendens. Candy F. Flowers 
with dull red sepals and tube, but with 


mm 


solitary in the upper leaf axils; 4 stamens 
are long and 4 are shorter. Leaves ovate 
or lanceshaped, slightly reddish midribs; 
pubescent above and below. 

6. F. magellanica (macrostemma). 
Magellan F. Flowers with red calyx and 


e 
smooth or finely pubescent, ovate-lance- 
shaped, 2 inches long, with rounded teeth. 
Hardy varieties have been developed and 
most of the plants can freeze to the sol 


SPRING 1954 


1 ee via .. 
) 


pp tF uchsi a 


. coccine a. ) 


(F. corymbiflora) 


2 Vine Fuchsia Flame Gagpestl fulgens) : 
Se aff 


Candy Fuchsia 
(F. splendens) 


6 iddodian Fuchsia 
(F. mage llanica 


Original scratchboard sketches by Alfred C. Hottes. 


WW 


~I 


LASCA LEAVES 


Baby Rose 


uchsia 
(F. baccillaris )f 


Rose Fuchsia 
(F. rosea 


or lycioides) \ 


b (F. procumbens) 


— 


Original scratchboard sketches by Alfred C. Hottes. 


SPRING 1954 


in which case they sprout from the roots. 

7. F. baccillaris, Babyrose F. Flowers 
with rose sepals and petals; 14 to 3% 
inches long; stamens included but pistil 
protrudes. Leaves small, less than an 
inch long; teeth sinuate. Fruits spherical, 
about 14 inch in diameter. 

8. F. thymifolia, Thymeleaf F. Flowers 
solitary, axillary, white to pink, about 1/, 
inch long; petals notched; sepals sharp- 
pointed, white turn red. Leaves opposite, 
sometimes alternate, ovate, blunt or sharp- 
tipped, 3 to 5 pairs of lateral veins, about 
44 inch long. 


ro- 


LEONHARD 


39 


use, almost 10 feet tall. 

10. F. procumbens, Trailing F. Does 
not seem like a Fuchsia, flowers are not 
showy, pale orange with purple calyx 
lobes, green at the base, petals lacking, 
solitary, often erect. Leaves roundish, 
ovate, generally alternate, 34 inch long. 
Berries more showy, black, almost the size 
of an olive. Makes good hanging basket. 
F. arborescens (syringaeflora), Lilac F. 
(not illustrated.) The casual observer does 
not realize that this is a Fuchsia. It is a 
treelike shrub from Mexico, sometimes 
18 feet tall, which produces a great mass 
of foliage and flower clusters suggestive 
of Lilacs. The branches, petioles, and veins 
are sometimes red. The flowers are pink 
or purplish, only 1/4 inch long, produced 
in erect, terminal panicles, from January 
to April. The leaves are opposite, or in 
threes, lanceshaped, oblong, to 8 inches 
long. It stands more sun than most sorts. 


— 


FUCHS, M.D. 


The following vignette, of Leonhard Fuchs after whom the Fuchsia was named, 
was written by Mrs. Floyd Betts, Research Student of Old Herbals 
at the Huntington Library, San Marino. 


BOTANIZING was becoming popular in the 
sixteenth century. Travelers, venturing 
into strange lands, were fascinated with 
the new and exotic flora they discovered 
and proudly 
plants were obtainable to the royal gardens 
of their homeland. 
‘ Superstitions surrounding herbs and 
Owers were fast being dispelled by sci- 
entific data. Simples were losing their 
Signatures,” 
© four great German scientists of this 


habits of wild flowers about the village of 
: emding, Bavaria. Having exhibited 
ate scholastic tendencies by the age of 


= 


School of Meister Conrad in Heinbronn 


aa 


» ie was considered ready to enter the 


to be prepared for the University. Leon- 
hard was but twelve years o 

was admitted to the University of Erfurt. 
Four years later when he received his de- 
gree, his amazing erudition won him an 


entered the Med 


1524—then only 23! 
next twenty years he was renowned as a 
practicing physician, Professor of Medi- 
cine and lecturer. 

His early love of flowers, now enriched 
by scientific credenda, became the guiding 
theme of his writing which he published 
as an herbal in 1542. This first edition was 
entitled De historia stirpium commentarii 
insignes, The following year a slightly re- 
vised copy in German was published 
under the title New Kredterbiich. On 
the inside of the title page appears a full- 
length portrait of Dr. Fuchs—a duplicate 


D.Leonhart Kuch (eine alters im x v1. Sav. 


ONHART FUCHS (1501-66 
1542} Reduced. 


LEO 
{De historia stirpium 
Courtesy of The Heatington Library and 
Art Gallery 


of which accompanies these biographical 
notes 


LASCA LEAVES 


Being the most sgrnd wai impres- 
sive — of its sine his 


scription of its characteristics. 
illustrate this colossus were two skilled 
draughtsmen, Heinrich Fullmaurer and 
Albrecht Meyer, whose 511 authentic 
woodcuts so eclipsed any _ botanical 
sketches yet attempted, that they continued 
to appear in other herbals for decades to 
come. 

On the seventh of May, 1566, death 
quietly climaxed the life of this beloved 
naturalist whose obsession from boyhood 
had been to instill into the hearts of his 
pupils and his own children a keener ap- 
preciation of nature's wonderland. What 
more befitting epitaph than lines from his 
herbal: 


‘ 


e is no need for me to set forth 
afforded by the knowledge of plants, 
since there is none but knows that there 1s 
nothing in this life more pleasant and de- 
wander through the 

fields 


wreathed and adorned with a variety of 


the choicest flowers and herbs, and to gaze 
on them attentively. This enjoyment and — 


pleasure is in no small degree enhanced by 
knowledge of their properties and powers: 
for real understanding doubles the charm 
and ve of vision. 


nh ea In modern anglicized version this bota- 
nist’s name may be spelled - eonard pee: chs, a 
be tween t he 16th and 20th centuries it 

nd yusly spell ed: 


fo in ae literature vario 
ee or Leonhard ve uchs, or in the Latin- 
zed 


form, Leonerd Fuchsi 


See 


“If we knew all the laws of Nature, we should need eer one fact, or the de- 
scription of one actual phenomenon, to infer all the es icular lags : "shat 
point. Now we know only a few laws, er our result is vi cng : of course, 
by any confusion or irre ) in Nature, but by our ‘lea nce a essential 
elements in culation. Our notions of law and harmony are commonly con- 
fined to those instances whi detec he harmony which results from a 
far greater number of seemingly conflicting, but really concurring laws hu 
have not detected, is still more wonderfu e particular laws are as our points 
of view, as, to the traveller, a mountain outline vari every step, and it has : 
an infinite number of profiles, t absolutely but one gles Even when cleft : 


or bored through it is not comprehended 


in its entire 
From ‘ ~aue diene D. THOREAU 


me 
to the multitudes the pleasure and delight 


See ee ee en ee 


SPRING 1954 41 


THE CALIFORNIA INTERNATIONAL FLOWER SHOW 
1954 


From pre-Flower Show announcement notes by Charles Levitt 


ALTHOUGH THE DATES of the California 


doubtedly will be interested to note the 
themes and special features of this year’s 
“diversified and floral extravaganza”’ as it 
was advertised in pre-show announce- 
ments. The Spring, 1953, issue of Lasca 
Leaves, Vol. III, No. 2, may be referred 
to with regard to the history of this phe- 
nomenal flower show project and its pro- 
fess since its initial opening in the spring 
of 1949 


€ré was a curiously interesting exhibit 
howing 500 plants in a volcanic setting ; 
Nd a 3-dimensional world globe showing 
where tropical plants gro 

Cool climate exhibits were also a fea- 


S 
a 


ture. Of spectacular appeal one scene was 
scheduled to depict “springtime in Eng- 
land ... with more than 15,000 flowering 
trees and plants including 50 varieties of 
flowers grouped around a caretaker’s cot- 
tage, terraces, fountains and with the man- 
sion of the estate in the background.” 
“Garden of Meditation’ was planned to 
feature roses in a Colonial Church setting ; 
“An Old Gardener's was a 


> 


interest of the Americas and other coun- 
tries, giving glimpses of floral life in far- 
away lands. 


All of this was on the first floor level 
of the exhibition structure. On the sec- 
ond floor, education exhibits, especially 
“of Mexico with authentic village and art 
pieces and the splendid tropical specimens 
of that area; ...anda vast area dedicated 
to a garden shopping center showing im- 
plements, tools, garden food, equipment 
and furnishings.” 

So large is the area devoted to the Cali- 


ample room 
ing food. At the north end o 
floor level is ‘‘a large auditorium seating 
more than 600, from whose stage may be 
seen various shows, programs by our for- 
eign exhibitors and by leading industries, 
as well as lectures, color films, and demon- 
strations of flower growing, arranging, 
and landscaping.” 

This picture presents tempting fare to 
look forward to another year and it is 
hoped that many Lasca Leaves’ readers— 
perhaps far away at present—may visit 
California's southland during the spring 
of 1955 and following years to see this 
impressive pageant for themselves. 


42 LASCA LEAVES 


“TEDDY BEARS AND EUCALYPTUS” 


TED HOLDERNESS 


As A CHILD I had one, a Teddy Bear, that 
is, and most adults today remember these 
cuddly little toy animals playing a promi- 
nent part in their young childhood. 

Today in the San Diego Zoo may be 
seen an exhibition of these little animals 
in the flesh. Young and old alike who visit 
these furry little creatures are immediately 
won over to them. Their impassive, yet 
appealing, quizzical expression and mild 
lovable temperament elicit explanations of 
endearment by every visitor who views 

em. 

The history which lies behind these 
Teddy Bears and their introduction into 
the San Diego Zoo is the purpose of this 
article... 

It has been a keen desire of Mrs. Belle 
Benchley, Director of the San Diego Zoo, 
to include in their extensive collection an 
exhibition of the Australian Koalas as they 
are properly called. It has been my plea- 
sure and privilege to know and work with 
Mrs. Benchley for many years and I had 
heard her enthusiastically dream of Koalas 
perched in the Eucalyptus trees of the Zoo. 
By coincidence, and through our friends 
at Paramount Studios I heard of a for 
coming production called ‘Botany Bay,” 
based, as authentically as possible, on the 


introduced and together the project got 
underway. ue to near extinction, the 
Koalas were wards of the Australian gov- 
ernment and an embargo had been placed 
on them in the early 20's. The details of 
how this was worked out by Mrs. Benchley 
and the Studio Management and the many 
cooperative people in Australia is far too 
involved for this paper. The important fact 
is that they were generously shipped to the 
U.S. under the care of San Diego Zoo. 
To leave the field of Zoology and take 
up the interest of the readers of this News- 
letter, we will recount the Horticultural 


also are supplied their water needs. 
Their eating habits do not include all 
varieties but with a certain fussiness of 
taste they prefer viminalis, rostrata, punc- — 
tata, melliodora and cornuta. 4 


ability of food, these were the prima 


where visitors may view 
sides. What was needed now were tw 
Eucalyptus Lehmani. 

To box and transplant 2 mature tre 
averaging 35’-40’ in height and sprea 
was the next order, with the provision, 0 
course, that such transplanting would 
sure the continued growth of the trees. 

Here is an example of the old saw 
“Fools rush in where angels fear to tread j 
—and so we did. 2 

The two trees selected were thinned out” 
in their secondary framework approx” 


SPRING 1954 43 


mately 50% ... A 12’ square ‘ball’ was 
ked off and the four sides were 


= 
p 
iat 
oa 


en the original in- 
tention to side prune and side box before 
final lifting but as the size of roots cut 
were not in excess of 21/, inches and after 
several days of observation there appeared 
to be no flagging of the young succulent 
terminal buds, we continued shaping, side 
dressing and finally bolted the sides in 
Place. This left a net 9’ ball which was 
certainly an overboxing considering the 
plants had only 10”-12” stem caliper, but 
this was done as a precautionary measure 
in a rather blind approach. 

Ten days later with no signs of wilting 
we undermined and began slipping in the 
bottoms. The so-called soil of this area is 


i 5 Boxes were left, 
only the top planking and stringers were 
stripped. The backfilling was accompanied 
“Soe heavy watering and flooding to ex- 
aust all air. The root crowns were pur- 
Posely planted ten inches high to insure 
eg away from the crowns and pre- 
Clude the possibility of water and mold 
infections. 
2 €r a year has now passed and the 
: ay show every evidence of being happy 
Nd vigorous in their new locations. .. . 
COVER PICTURE 
Old Adobe is one of the three historica 
res still standing within the Arboretum’s 
. As e seen in the photograph, 
of a modern ranch 
though it itself is “well along in 


quent years. Origi 
| ; ginally protected by a lovely 
Old shake roof it is now covered with tile 


was added on the west side by ‘Lucky’ Bald- 
win i is famed personage of the 
n 


on 
ynamomum 
nalis) in the southwest. Because Mr 
writings are filled wit 
thought and asociation, persisting in 
ory like long-cherished conversations which one 
vaguely endeavors to recall, it is difficult to 
make excerpts without destroying the con- 
foll 


om 
7 


justice to the glo -a-half de 
scription of this tree f the Orient which has 
settled itself so picturesquely ty streets of 
the southl us | winter and early spring 
the ripening leaves turn to to of yellow, 

e an imson, and dropping to earth 
be it with a motley of color—an inter- 


whole tree is suftuse 
such an entrancing loveliness as we associate 
with flowers only...” 

* 


* 
Further reference to this exotic immigrant to 
our shores may be found in the National 
Geographic azine, March, 1920, under 


an article by Alice 


GARDENING EDITORS 
The California southland recently entertained 
enting out- 


f the Huntington Botanical Gardens, in 
San Marino, and the Los Angeles State and 
County Arboretum, Arcadia, 


rx 


ie 


Acacia cardiophylla in full bloom, 5’-6’ high and 3/-5/ 


LASCA LEAVES 


& 


across, in a 30-foot border 


planting, showing use as a broad hedge plant. 


GROWING NOTES 


GEORGE H. SPALDING 


ACACIAS are the harbingers of spring in 
Southern California. As this is written 
(March Ist) many of the species have 
passed their prime but others are just 
reaching their peak. Most of the species 
S\loom from December to March, but 
Acacia subulata has been in continuous 
bloom for nearly two years. 

Arboretum’s collection of more 
than 100 species offers a fine opportunity 
to observe and select those species which 
perform best under our conditions. 

There is wide variation in type of foli- 
age, height, and habit of growth, so that 
there should be an Acacia species suitable 
for nearly any planting situation. It is 
true that the majority are relatively short 
lived but for sheer mass of color there are 


few plant groups which can compare with 
hem. 

The first Acacias were planted at the 
Arboretum about three years ago so they 
are by no means mature. 
eral species showing considerable 
promise as garden and landscape subjects. 
Some notes on these species will be of 
interest to our readers. Many Acacias will 
bloom in two or three years from seed sO 
they will be useful for quick effect. 

One of the loveliest of the small Ac® 
cias is Acacia acinacea, the Gold Dust 
Wattle. Four year plants are 3/-4" high 


and many branched. The form 1s opel © 


and loose. This year they will be pruned 


heavily after flowering to try and produce 


more dense growth. The phyllodia are « 


tt ee. a 


SPRING 1954 45 


say it is ood 
garden subject under all conlitions, par- 
ticularly in heavy soils and dry climatic 
conditions. Our experience with . seems 
to bear this out. A fine species for the 
small eens where it will not be over- 
water 


A. cardiophylla from New South Wales 
has proven one of the finest for an ex- 
tremely dry niger Four year old plants 
are 3/-4’ high 4’-5’ through, dense 
and full to the paneer They are in a 
sandy soil and are watered only occasion- 
ally during the summer months. The foli- 

age is fine and fern-like always presenting 
a neat appearance. The flowers are butter 
yellow and completely cover the sti It 
stays in bloom for about three 


species 

Another i rt species is 
linearis. One older plants in our 
collection is now in full bloom. It has the 
appearance of a Podocarpus elongatus 
mothered in a mass of pale yellow. This 
plant is now four years old, 10’-12’ tall 
and 6’ across. The foliage resembles Podo- 
carpus as mentioned above and is the 
same clear medium green. It has had just 
average care and seems to be very adapt- 
able. This is the first year it has flowered 
but was well worth waiting for. For 
form and bie this ts outstanding. 

Reference should also be made to three 
previously sie ere in Growing Notes, 
i.e.: A. saligna, Vol. Ill, p. 7; A. vestita, 
Vol. I, p. 8; ce steedmani, Vol. Ill, 

29-30, Vol V, p. 18. This last is a 

flash bloomer, = at its best for only a 
wee 

Additional species will be discussed in 
later issues—the bad as well as the good 
—since it is our desire to provide reliable 
data from first-hand observation. 


£9990.06.4.6oo oe LL LLL RAAhhnnnannannaanannnnaanaanaaaaaaaad 


ve NOTES 
Aig age cdr 


WD 
\ ea Nation Count was made 


The 
at the Abote 
rm nia and her group 


t our check-list, were saa serve 


quired 
h 


Rives a his 
and Siar. Arboretum the Ore egon, Gray- a 
1 enorme colored. Juncos for this season. 

A ice National Audubon Center, 


Monte 
Ontaining 7 $0 


664 Nor 
, Calif. farsi rs an album of € fers 
ngs for very moderate price. 


CHARLES GIBBS ADAMS 
stees of the California Arboretum 
the death 


ac ; 

les oe place cannot be filled, his 
otten. it re- 

eeeies in the Minutes of the Cali- 


historical garden plan mou and dis 
played in the Arboretum Administration Build- 
ing, eee Frequent — es 


ee Boor “of T 
California Arboretum edi, Inc. 
Jan. 19, 1954 
* 
“Paltry though. . . success cmd seem to those 
who are able to spcans! of highe 
many individuals have failed to Millie it. The 
adaptations which have enabled some to succeed 
are the most nomena in the 
gy They are also the most mysterious.” 
m Patterns td Survival, p. 45, by John 
Hodedon Bradley 


46 LASCA LEAVES 
NAMES, NOTES AND NEWS 
DR. EPHRAIM HAREUBENI 


PRoOFEssoR H. R. OPPENHEIMER 
Faculty of Agriculture, Rehovot, Israel 


Dr. EPHRAIM HAREUBENI (Rubinovitch) 
who deceased a month ago, was lecturer in 
Biblical and Talmudic Botany at the He- 
brew University. His research was both 
biblical and botanical, and there are few 
persons whose knowledge embraces both 
fields and who are competent to appreci- 
ate his achievements. 

orn at Novomoskovsk in Russia, in 
1881 Hareubeni immigrated, as it seems, 
at the beginning of the century. Wander- 
ing about in the arid south, the Hauran, 
and in Palestine both east and west of the 
Jordan, he acquired an unusual knowledge 
of both wild and cultivated plants, and of 
the habits and language of the rural popu- 
lation. us he became competent to in- 
terpret debatable plant names, ambiguous 
phenomena in nature and symbolic ex- 
pressions mentioned in the scriptures. It 
should be recalled that too often such 
exegetic endeavours by both Jewish and 
Christian authorities are mere speculations 
conceived in their study-rooms. 

hoever visited the Hebrew Univer- 
sity on Mount Scopus in the thirties was 


et) 
° 
3 
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io] 
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=) 
ee 
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2 
en 
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a 
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which had, in Hareubeni’s opinion, been 
the archetype of the seven-armed candle- 
abra of the temple, and the ‘‘chatzav’”’ an- 
nouncing the approach of the rainy sea- 
son,—when its straight, white inflores- 
cences appear on the parched fields. The 


and insects parasitizing it. In a 
the museum Hareubeni hoped 
plant a ‘Garden of the Prophets” includ- 
ing all the species mentioned in the Bible. 

His essentially religious and emotional 
approach to the problems of plant struc- 
ture and life contrasted sharply with that — 


» 
Bi 


both critical-exact and inspired by strong 
emotional stimuli. 

Hareubeni’s theories about plant names, 
etc., were not always convincing, but as 4 


he studied them at all hours of the day. 
The illustrations of his and his wifes 
book, “Thesaurus plantarum” are remark- 
His inquist- , 
tive mind and pioneering energy led him — 
on untrodden paths and, still as an old 
would, as the prophet Amos, 
climb an old sycamore tree in a populated 


on its upper branches. 
Of his botanical achievements, we 2p" — 
preciate most his studies on the parasitic 


SPRING 1954 47 


and _half- t adacste plant species of this 


fruited mistletoe bush developing on the 
branches of the olive aroused his greatest 


damage inflicted upon unirrigated olive 
trees by the mistletoe, Hareubeni’s obser- 


reserves available during the dry summer 
ont In another article (1935), 
Hareubeni insisted on the g 


folklore of Palestinian plants which he 
collected from bedouin and fellahin, to 
the use of plants in popular medinite. as 
fodder for bees and for their aromatic 
properties 

It dhoula not remain unmentioned that 


the first Jewish pioneers of plant science 
in this countr ry. 


VISITING BOTANISTS AT 
CLAREMONT 


rt of botanists from various parts of 
urrently using the facilities of 
ar f R 


_ ae onal govern at Gera 
be University of M nesota, is on 
€ from his ins stitution and holds 


during the current 
q rn Methodist 
4 a: recently spent som in 

E State Co 7" and Dr. Charles Qui 

| tive to th ege is carrying on investigations rela- 
q the flora of Fresno County, California 


bell of Fresno 


CALENDAR 
Pasadena Spring Flower and Garden Shou 
pril ay pasing ae April 11th, 
a ee Morrison Horticultural Center, 


nd a complete demonstra 
aids, tools hegre furniture, etc. Of special 
appeal this year to artist Yaris is an os: 
of ndecaee paintings by Orrin A. Whi 

From a aoe < Mary oe 
Los Angeles, Calif. 
Z 
American sig Si aca re we Branch. 
3rd Monday o nth at La Casita del 
Arroyo, _ a Arroyo ‘Blvd. (under Colorado 
Bridge). 7:3 


* P 
Los Angeles Garden Baad Ist Wednesday of 
each mo at the men’s University Club 
house, 540 South Susie. Los Angeles. 10:30 
a. eeting includes an outstandi er 
ty) lar subject of horticulture, timely 


n a 
reminders, exhibits and awards of 
nd a Special Award, to eens material 
on display. cir oe eon at 
* 
The Southern Cain Camellia mend Inc. 
8, 1954 y. Auditor: of oo 


Vv 
Flower Exhibit 7:30 p.m. Call to meeting 8 
p.m. Final meeting es the season 


ANNOUNCEMENT 
Descanso Gardens in La Cafiada, 160-acre 
sti ked wo race of blooming camellias, 
azaleas and roses, was re-opened to the public 
in Febroary, 1954, by the is Angeles County 
Departm of Parks and Recreation. It will 
be maint Aico on a 365-day year round basis 
for the benefit of the public aa tke an 


00 a.m til 4 Admission will 
cents for adults, 25 an for those w 
13 to 18 ye f ag admission will 


ke arrangements for to 
ance provided, by seeibare SY lvan 0-5444. 


LASCA 


BOOK REVIEWS AND COMMENTS 


Beautifying India, by M. S. Randhawa. Rajka- 


eit & oe India. 


ele 
22 3 color plates, ilies 
an writes with the feeling that 
life cannot be i oe without b viswoiane 


ifyi 
fascinating color plates o some of the out- 
standing floweri es ich grow well in 
India and were Seaeliy soa te Indian 


chapters are filled with a study 

= = an interest in trees and gardens, fe 
yp oO = ip aesthetics, all brought closer 

ry day 


Br i in 
our rovins, su sai oo streets and other 
surroundings a need of hesueucation will 
find the book retest ing. 

mea J. SEIBERT 
* 


A companion book to the eae is Flowering 
Trees and Shrubs in India owen. 
d 


printed in x seek A well illustrated volume in 
color throughou 
* 


he Los Angeles State and County Arbore- 
ie has reabeie its first Lasca Miscellanea, pub- 


om. 


ged, by r 
Kou « iyi atic tp institutions. 
* # * 


History of the aoe ee E. Shepherd. The 
eg 4 Com New York. 1954. 264 
6 black sak | white aig a yea 


ine general index, index ames. 
Recei ved too - = current oe ssa ‘Wi ll be 
reviewed i issue of Lasca Leaves. 


Pblcesas « dete Ms ia 9, 1954. 


LEAVES 


The Perennial Adventure: A yea be Alice 


Eastwood, 1859-1 933-—Susanna Bry. akin. 
California Academy of Sciences, aah Francisell 
1954. 40 pp. Additional notes by John Thomas 


Howell. To be reviewed | 
# Py Pa 


Plant Hunter in Manipur—F. Kingdon- Ward, 
org eae 30 eee Square, London. 

ae This k of 254 pp. and priced ats 

5 shillings o ora mu over rs on It 2 “full of | 
Niece and maps. The or ‘ee un 
abi cdl in ecrere: weiting pad conveys 

i country, its penile and it 

same 


p 
for the t fia in this 
remote country,—all are 1 
sting and constitute a travel book of charm a 
ull informat he er’s mouth fairly 
waters at the talk of pink lilies (Liliam Mack- 
nide), sya (. maonensis), 
vanda ( ulea), a snow-whit 
Pashia), ede ghcde primulas, and many 
others. 4 
PHitip A. MUNZ — 
* * * 


Royal “ai eggs Society Year Books. Thr 
little books recently or a ba the Royal — 
Horticultural Soc ciety @ 


(1) The Daffodil an be ear Book f 
1954, of 165 pp. It contains articles on 
stab f New The Genetics 
Narci I—St : its repar 
Daffodils. for Exhibition; Daffodil Literature 


the Internationa Sho : 
Daffo nia in Austealis, in Victoria, in N 
Zealand, Rhodesia; etc. 

+ Lily ih Book for 1954, priced. 
s for Li 


: Co 
of Sama "Temper ratu 
of Easter Lily Bul Lily Group 
Nvsieien mactanioliwne: Cultivation of 
mocharis; etc. 
Fruit Year Book for 
u 


K 
vation by Top- Grafting; Th 
Rivers ; robee Seti s for Coctettind Nu 


iio ‘ 
o ae three books is richly 1 


en well bound, and pis ‘s sell at $1 
HILIP A. MU: 


CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC. 


BOARD OF TRUSTEES 


Presidents ec peas orphans te ee SAMUEL AYRES, JR 
V ice-PPedewe Oc OCs a a ee Mrs. Harry J. BAUER 
V100-PVOAOME: Lak das cea ee ROBERT CASAMA JOR 
LCAINTOE 6 5 oa os Oe ee Howarp A. MILLER 


MANCHESTER Boppy © JOHN C, MACFARLAND 
RALPH D, CORNELL f SAMUEL MOSHER 

Mrs. RIcHARD Y. DAKIN Mrs. RUDOLPH J. RICHARDS 
JOHN ANSON ForpD HAROLD F. ROACH 

J.D. FUNK Mrs. WILLIAM D. SHEARER 
WILLIAM HERTRICH HENRY C. Soto 

LIONEL Louis HOFFMANN _ FRANK E. Titus 

CHARLES S, JONES Mrs. HERBERT E. WAITE 


Frits W. WENT 


HONORARY TRUSTEES 


FRED W. ROEWEKAMP Mrs. WESTON WALKER 
MANFRED MYBERG 
LOS ANGELES STATE AND COUNTY ARBORETUM STAFF 

RUSSELL J). SEMGORT cre ss ee ee ee Dir 
GORGE FH SOATAING 7c os ce rine es Get pes est eee Superinte dee 
LOUTS |B. WEABTING hs 2 ce Oe Ran eee ees Plant sit Su 
W.. QU BOGE oo es ee cs eee vopaga 

}. THOMAS MeGie ae eee ee Plant cede 
Dawy Bo NW eON SG coe Ore uae Historical Curatoy 
TRL MA (5. BEAMOARE oe oe ce ewe ss Secretary 
JANET Weel? 6 ek eae Research and Library (part time) 

MEMBERSHIPS 

Annual Associate DECIDDOGSNID 0 5 he a eee ee $ 5.00 
Annual Membershi EDU Ganges eS eu hs ee end eG Cee wee a 10.00 
Annual Contributing: Membership. .3:. 60. ov iy eens 25.00 
Annual Sustaining Membership, «605.65 se ian oe es 100.00 
Annual § Sponsde Membership 04. sic ss eee ress ey ie ess 250.00 
Life acinar. ip ees SON Gk a ke Wg ee pitas ego emere aay eae 500.00 
Founders: (o-oo he eee es $1,000.00 or more 
Bonckgaee en rn REMI rng SG eer FE 5,000.00 or more 


Club memberships are available at any amount, from $10 a year or more. 
All contributions deductible under Federal Income Tax Law. 
ADDRESS 
Box 688—Arcadia—California 
Telephone DOuglas 7-3444 


LASCA LEAVES 


es ‘ 
The official publication of the Southern: California Horticultural Institute 
and the California Arboretum Foundation, Inc. 


Sponsors of 


LOS ANGELES STATE AND COUNTY ARBORETUM 


EDITORIAL COMMITTEE 


ROBERT CASAMAJOR MILDRED MATHIAS 
PHILIP EDWARD CHANDLER PHILIP A. MUNZ 
WILLIAM HERTRICH RUSSELL J. SEIBERT 


EDITORIAL BOARD 
Arboretums ~ Botanical Gardens: 
ern California—ELIZABETH oe 
As Barbara—-KATHERINE K,. Mu 
esegs California—RONALD B. Tieden 


PcOROGUG FANS 75,5 es bined cane Ue ews bees RUSSELL J. SEIBERT 
Geo-botany, a Pt ORS fhe ae in eee ee 5 Louis C. WHEELER 
SPO slp ee te ee Mrs. RICHARD Y. DAKIN 

OTIC as bl oad sede os Cen ok Es PS VERNON T. STOUTEMYER 
RAVUUCIOS CSUR. kee beeen e ceue rs RALPH D. CORNELL 
Patioe © aittrria Blass 6 So's ee ee es ae ee Percy C. EVERETT 
Orchi ere ates ot a nd vee ee ee ae 


Taxonomy of Exotics 
Taxonomy of Natives 


ERO an CALIF, \ 
(eXSURAL 7% / 


SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURAL INSTITUTE 


OFFICERS 1954 


PRR 99 6 ri lig bok Lae ees Sh FRED W. ROEWEKAMP 
UE PRONE oD Lions 69S ke Gm eke ME VERNON T. STOUTEMYER 
DUCES ata ei Ks oh RROD. Ske Aw ture ea GEORGE H. SPALDING 
DNA OE OR ney a a Saw ee Vaden an loow KENNETH BISHOP 
ERROR SOIOEN 5 vise cine Gasca eee were RONALD B. TOWNSEND 


BOARD OF DIRECTORS 


WILLIAM BERESFORD Percy C, EVERETT 
MANCHESTER BODDY EARLE E, HUMPHRIES 
HowarRpD BODGER MILpRED E. MATHIAS 
PHILIP EDWARD CHANDLER ALFRED W. ROBERTS 
RALPH D. CORNELL RONALD B. TOWNSEND 


RICHARD WESTCOTT 


ADVISORY COUNCIL 


SAMUEL AYRES, JR. Murray C. MCNEIL 
ROBERT CASAMAJOR MANFRED MEYBERG 
Henry R. Davis LOVELL SWISHER, JR. 
HUGH EvANs Roy F, WiLcox 
MEMBERSHIPS 
PS WIN asia wink oe REN ae RI $ 5.00 year 
Rt OE Ts bys ek wa ee cate wy Lae e ees 5.00 year 
Associate (for individual in member group only)... 2.00 year 
Contributing Meters igi. se eter an oles es 25.00 year 
ORINENEL ICIS i edo ot oo acca Ue eee 50.00 year 
MOR RE ON 5 on eevee hk ld oy howe MOO 50.00 year 
ate DANI yc os cue nd ead dee nese ene) 500.00 


Ask the Secretary about privileges of each membership class. 
MEETINGs: 3rd Thursday each month at Park and Recreation Building, 


18th and Toberman Streets, Los Angeles, California 


ADDRESS 
Box 688—Arcadia—California 
Telephone DOuglas 7-3444 


SUMMER 1954 


Lasca Leaves 


VoL. IV JULY, 1954 No. 3 
CONTENTS 
Notable Trees in Southern California........... Mildred Mathias 51 
Early Days in the Los Angeles Park Department. .... Frank Shearer 52 
Weather Record, L. A. State & County Arporttiay 453 555 ss 56 
Weather Record, University of Cabforsia, 1. Ales. 56 
Air Layering Experiments at Wisley 
F, E. W. Hanger, V. M. H., A. Ravenscroft 57 
Plant Patents Explained: fy. ces Louis Cutter Wheeler 62 
Cover Pictute 0 vie ee ee ne, S. B. D. 64 
Cistus and Its Response to Fire. . Louis B. Martin, Marcella Juhrens 65 
Progress of the Daylily Test Garden at Los Angeles State 
and County Ashoretunt: 0.200 0. seein da cs W. Quinn Buck 68 
Names; Notes. and MOWS. 5 ys as een sess 69 
Growing Nobesoa 5 vc ee ee George H. Spalding 70 
Book Review <iis bia vauaeeee ee Howard Asper 70 
Callen dag is), ia <a ta Mee et os Se 71 
Book Notes? 0.60 553gy Mildred Mathias 72 
JELUS TRATIONS 
Kigelia pinnate. The Sausage Trees... 0000. oe vie eevee ees 50 
Ale Layering oo ee a be ee ae nes evice 60 
Cistus Planting: experimental burning... .........6-+-+-++4+5- 67 
69 


Daylily Display Bodies cicroy Gi cle ere hes vem kes nso s 35 


49 


50 LASCA LEAVES 


Kigelia pinnata, The Sausage Tree. Showing parent tree on the campus of the University of — 
Hawaii, photographed in 1938 by Ralph D. Cornell, Landscape Architect, Los Angeles. Close-ups 
of fruit and flowers from trees cpg from seed of this parent tree, and sent from Honolulu by | 
Mr. ee? in 1947, to Edward H. nion, Editor of Trees Magazine, who raised seedlings, | 
three of which Mr. Comet planted on fa campus of the University of California, Los Angeles, | 
nearly fifteen years ago. Two of the trees still stand where they were planted; a third was fatally | 

infected with Phytophthora. Photographs, courtesy of Mr. Ralph D. Cornell. 


aie al alla 


Tee ee ee FE Te Pin me eee eeee 


teadily and the young 


SUMMER 1954 51 


NOTABLE TREES IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
I. THE SAUSAGE TREE, (Kigelia pinnata) 
MILDRED MATHIAS 


ONE OF THE plant world’s curiosities is 
the sausage tree,a member of the Bignonia 
Family. A tree on the road from Coconut 
Grove to Cutler, Florida, and another on 
the campus of the University of Hawaii 
have been widely publicised but not many 
people know of the two producing saus- 
age trees on the campus of the University 
of California, Los Angeles. ese two 


_ trees were planted about sixteen years ago 


from seed sent from Honolulu by Mr. 
Ralph Cornell. They first flowered in 1947 
and three “sausages’’ were produced that 
year by hand pollination. Since 1948 the 
flowers have been pollinated every sum- 
mer by botanists at the University and the 
trees bear a continuous crop of “‘sau 
ages.” As many as one hundred have been 
counted on one tree. 

ommon name of the tree is de- 


__ Its native region. The fruits resulting from 


o) ae 
nectar 


ii the seeds indicates that fertile 
bay are produced only in those fruits 


trees grow rapidly. 
© Sausage is not edible although the 


freshly cut fruits smell somewhat like 
cucumbers and the taste is that of a cu- 
cumber skin. 

The trees are about 20-25 feet tall with 
broad spreading crowns. The leaves may 
be as much as two feet long and they are 
divided into three to five pairs of op 
site leaflets and a terminal leaflet. The 
leaflets are stiff and a medium green color. 
They fall in early spring to be followed 
almost immediately by the new leaves. 
Flowers begin to appear in July and flow- 


shaped, 4-5 inches in diameter, a mahog- 
any or reddish-purple color, and are borne 
in groups on long dangling flower stalks. 
They open in the late afternoon and drop 
by mid-morning. 

The sausage tree is a native of the 
tropical forests of West Africa. It is 
often planted in the interior of Africa 
where both flowers and fruits are re- 
garded as a fetish. In Nigeria the fruit is 
sold in markets and used medicinally. It 
has been used as a dye and is supposed to 
serve as a charm to secure riches. It is re- 
ported that in Africa bats pollinate the 
night-blooming flowers. Another story is 
that squirrels living in the trees in Africa 
bite the ends of the fruits and let the 
juices ferment. They drink these juices 
and enjoy an intoxicated state for some 


e. 

The most easily observed tree at the 
University is on the south side of the 
Education Building and may be seen from 
the main road through the Campus. The 
other producing tree is e southeast 
corner of the Administration Building. 
Several small trees are planted at other 


since they do not attain a full size until 
10-12 months after pollination and they 
may persist for a much longer time. It is 
not uncommon to see fruits resulting from 
at least two year’s pollinations hanging on 
the trees. 


52 LASCA LEAVES 


EARLY DAYS IN THE LOS ANGELES PARK 
DEPARTMENT 


FRANK SHEARER! 


WHEN THE WRITER joined the Park De- 
partment in 1910, Los Angeles covered an 
area of 80 square miles, bounded on the 
north by Baxter Street, on the south by 
Slauson Avenue, on the east by Indiana 
Street, and on the West by Hoover Street. 
The city had four paved streets, Main, 
Spring, Broadwa rom Temple 
Street to 9th Street, and Baudry Street from 
emple Street to Sunset Boulevard. 

The population was about 300,000; 
there were about 500 automobiles in the 
city and surrounding territory and the 
Auto Club of Southern California had 
just been established a short time previous 
to 1910. The city was governed by a 
Mayor and five Councilmen, elected at 
large ; the Council met once a week. There 
were 3 telephones in the city: one in the 
City Hall, one at Eastlake Park, and one 
at Westlake Park. The Owens Valley 
Aqueduct had been started two years pre- 
viously and was about one-third com- 
pleted. 


Los Angeles County Supervisors had 
issued $3,000,000.00 in road bonds to 
build 300 miles of County roads—these 
roads were 20 feet wide, composed of rock 
and oil, and the speed limit was 20 miles 
per hour. Due to a recent extensive an- 
nexation program, the city boundaries 
were expanded, taking in Hollywood, 
Griffith Park and territory lying between 
these points and the former city boundar- 
ies. San Pedro and Wilmington were tied 
in by way of a shoestring strip one mile 
wide, running north from Wilmington 
through part of Gardena and connecting 
with the extended south city boundary at 
Manchester Avenue. 


"About Mr. Shearer himself: 

Superintendent of Parks, 1910-1936: Park 

ommissioner, Oct. 1939-July, 1942; Deputy 

Superintendent of Parks, Oct., 1943-May, 

; 't. Supt. of Parks, May, 1945- 

Sept., 1945 (at which time he was compelled 
to retire because of age). 


nated by former Mayor Hazard, two 
blocks from Lincoln Park; Prospect Park, 
oldest park in the city, history unknown 
to the writer; Hollenbeck Park, donated 
jointly by Mrs. Hollenbeck and ex-Mayor 
Workman; South Park, acquired by bond 
issue—$10,000.00 for 20 acres; Echo 


way of which was dedicated for Park us¢,— 
and has to be maintained largely for the : 
benefit of abutting property owners. In 


was poor; surveys and el 
the City Engineer's office, usually delayed; — 
there were ninety men employe “ 
Parks and the work was largely plantin 
and maintenance. The Park Board met 
once a month. 
Due to a political upheaval in i 
the Mayor resigned; an election was he 7 
under the auspices of the Good Govert ” 
ment League, and sweeping changes wet 
made in all departments. Out of all ‘he 
a new Park Board was appointed and 
new Board announced in the local pape 


SUMMER 1954 53 


at great length, its aims, aspirations, and 
program it intended to follow. The writer 
was so interested that an application to 
assist in the proposed work was made, an 
at an interview was hired as a Landscape 
Engineer. 

The first assignment was for surveys for 
roads in Griffith Park, and for surveys 0 
the Arroyo Seco with acquisition for a 
Park in view. A few months later, in se- 
lecting a Superintendent of Parks, which 
position was vacant, the Park Board and 
the Secretary read and considered over two 
hundred and fifty applications for the po- 
sition ; the Landscape Engineer's original 
application was also considered and he 
was selected to fill the post. The first order 
of business was setting up an organization 
for the Park Department. The Secretary 


various types, with regard to improve- 
ment, one man could take care of. Then 
the jobbing gardeners, on private gar- 
dens, were interviewed ; and as a result of 
these inquiries, a unit of work was estab- 
lished covering the various types of Park 
improvement. 


he h twenty-six men, though 
Only sixteen men called for. This re- 


equipment was provided, 
lawn mowers, grass edgers, 


and improved sprinkling devices, etc. 
That the new program might gain im- 
petus, the City Council approved a resolu- 
tion authorizing the Park Board to give 


Notwithstanding all the good inten- 
tions, as applied to the fore-going, the re- 
sults were disappointing. At the end of a 
year, it was found, however, that Park 
maintenance had been reduced over forty 
per cent, and the Parks were in bétter 
shape than before the new regime was 
adopted. The Park Board applied to the 
City Council for authority to spend the 
forty-per cent saving on permanent bet- 
terments. Boat House, Comfort Stations, 


? > 


Pershing Square, formerly Central Park, 
was in a run-down condition,—lawn lack- 
ing fertilizer, dead trees, walks rambling 

Con ; f 


competen Construction Foreman in 


54 LASCA 
charge. It was also decided to introduce a 
new method of irrigation—an under- 
ground sprinkling system; it was installed 
and was the first in Los Angeles. Former- 
ly it had taken two men, at $2.50 per day 
each, with ten or twelve 50 ft. lengths of 
hose and twin sprays covering 20 ft. diam- 
eter, six days a week to water the Park,— 
that was $30.00 per week. With the new 
underground system, one man could 
water the Park in two hours at a cost of 
62c—another labor-saving device. The in- 
stallation of this system paid for itself in 
eighteen months; with various modifica- 
tions, the system was later installed in all 
Park lawns, including the Golf Courses 
and the mountain slopes in Griffith and 
Elysian Parks. (Special note: as a result 
of the more recent change in the design 
of Pershing Square, the writer is compelled 
to express admiration for the lay-out:— 
while it does away with the passing- 
through feature, the spacious panel of 
lawn is beautiful and restful; the sur- 
rounding planting with walks and seats is 
very appropriate; Pershing Square now 
provides a beautiful breathing space, and 
is a wonderful ventilator for that part of 
the City.) 

ace does not permit of detailed enu- 
meration of all the projects undertaken 
by the Construction Division of the Park 
Department. The Conservatories in Lin- 
coln Park were built when this park was 
the principle attraction in the days when 
people travelled by street car; later the 
people went farther afield, due to the in- 
creased number of automobiles, and in- 
terest in the Conservatories faded; they 
were later turned into a Recreation Center, 
and no doubt, as such render a service to a 
greater number of people. The first swim- 
ming pools were built by the Park De- 
partment, also several underground Com- 
fort Stations. 

In 1910, the City made a contract with 
the State for fifty years, with an option of 
fifty years more, for all of Exposition 
Park (formerly Agricultural Park), not 
occupied by structures belonging to the 
State and Los Angeles C 


on upkeep; and $10,000.00 paid on the 


LEAVES 


lease. The Park Department designed and 
supervised construction of a new race- 
track, and the Construction Division built 
the Grandstand, also the fountain and the 
balustrade surrounding the future rose- 
garden. The Park Department built the 
San Pedro City Hall, and also operated the 
Light-house at Point Firmin when it was 


that type of construction; an 
handed a $2,500,000.00 order to build a 
series of Fire Stations: —it began to look 
like “the tail wagging the dog,” so an 
application to the Council to be relieved 
of this work was granted. The Building 
and Construction Division of the Park 
Department then became a separate bureau 
under the Board of Public Works. (Note: 
This work for other departments had 
been carried on by the Park Department 
for ten years, doing about $150,000.00 
worth of work annua 

Following the surveys made in Griffith 
Park, road building was started, and about 
seventeen miles of mountain road, twenty- 
five feet wide, was built: this work was © 
performed between 1910 and 1914, in- — 


) 
na 
CEE eee ee a Dee re eee Te nc eV ToT so Nene gis eT PRO eT er eer ean ne Oe ET a eee 


City and County, 
able interest. Senator Flint adopted the 

plan for the subdivision of Flintridge, — 
which is mountain territory; Los Angeles 

County adopted the method and specifica- 
tions for the road through Topanga Can- — 
yon; and the Federal Forestry Department 7 
turned over the building of a road from = 
Pasadena by way of the Arroyo Seco to — 
Oakwild, to the Park Department. The — 
latter donated the use of a steam-shovel 
or the project. These roads have a five- — 


cars, and two lanes for parking; several 
additional miles were also built at this 
time. This work was performed by men 
on relief during the depression; 12,000 


SUMMER 1954 55 


men were employed, and the work was 
supervised by the Park Department— 
000 men in the morning, 6,000 in the 
afternoon. ) 

A great number of men now living in 
Los Angeles will remember that period of 
work: the first Golf Course in Los An- 
geles was built by the Park Department, 
eighteen holes with sand and oil greens 
for putting, the fairways used as nature 
provided, no water being available. To- 
day this small beginning has expanded 
into an extensive institution. 

In 1910 when a Park Foreman needed 
any small piece of equipment, he had to 
go to the City Hall, make a requisition in 
triplicate, one to the purchasing agent, 


up at Elysian Park Service yard for stor- 
age, and a horse and express wagon were 


med into an in- 


In 1910, the men were paid once a 
month, but that was changed to bi-weekly ; 
and another change was made: the Fore- 
had been obliged to leave their parks 
i" 80 to the Park Office with the time- 
Sheets, so to overcome this waste of time, 
ie paaaeig was bought and a man de- 
s b _ ‘0 visit the Parks for the purpose 
=f tinging in the time-sheets. Likewise, 

eat the payrolls and checks were com- 
Heit the man on the motorcycle again 
tags . the Parks and delivered the checks 
ae € men. In order to further facilitate 
] Munication with the Parks, telephones 


were installed—a saving in time, but un- 
fortunately the people around the Parks 
monopolized the telephones, running up 
bills that the Park Department had to pay. 
A request of the local Telephone Com- 
pany for estimates on installation of a 
telephone exchange in the Park Office, 
brought the response that an exchange 
could be installed for about $3,000.00. 
This would provide a check on who used 
the phones in the Parks. The City Coun- 
cil thought this was a wonderful idea, but 
instead of installing the exchange in the 
Park Department, thought it should be 
placed in the City Hall to serve all de- 
partments. That was the beginning of the 
telephone exchange now operating in the 
City Hall. 

The foregoing items touch lightly on 


various new projects led to. The writer 
would be lacking in respect to the memory 
of the men who made these things possi- 
ble if he omitted to name them. The Park 
Board at that time had three members; 
they were: Judge Charles Silent, a retired 
O'Melveny, 

a firm of attorneys; Mr. J. B. 


ceived no compensation for their time de- 
voted to Park Department work—weekly 
meetings, numerous trips to Parks, night 
meetings with citizen groups on Park ac- 
quisition, etc. They initiated numerous re- 
forms on Park Administration; they were 
responsible for the first underground 
sprinkling system, the start of the City 
Store, the installation of a Telephone Ex- 
change in the City Hall, and the organiza- 
tion of a Building and Construction De- 


now, and it seems fitting to record their 
names and accomplishments. 


56 LASCA LEAVES 
WEATHER RECORD—1953 
Los Angeles State and County Arboretum, Arcadia, California 
TEMPERATURES RAINFALL EVAPORA- 

TION 

AVERAGE PEAKS INCHES INCHES 

MONTH MIN. MAX IN. MAX MEAN MONTH MONTH 
NUAEG 25 4s 41.9 74.3 34.0 88.0 58.1 1.20 975 
February..... 36.4 73.9 28.0 88.0: 55.1 58 1.675 
PMAECE > cies wis 39.7 738 30.0 91.0 56.7 .96 2.150 
Aptibt cc." 44.5 fast 31.0 86.0 58.6 L138 2.820 
1S a cas 45.4 80.0 39.0 96.0 62.7 O05 5.290 
TOD cries ec: 50.3 84.9 41.0 97.0 67.6 .03 4.675 
| 1 1 ee ae ae 58.6 97.0 50.0 107.0 77.8 6.785 
August....... 54.5 92.6 49.0 100.0 73.6 panes 6.110 
September 54.2 92.1 47.0 108.0 73.1 5.110 
CLODER ohn. 43.0 86.7 41.0 109.0 64.8 1.05 4.090 
November.... 45.8 78.6 34.0 93.0 62.2 1.38 2.020 
December.... 37.8 Tock 28.0 88.0 55.4 .40 2.050 
TOTAL INCHES— 6.83 43.750 


septs OBSERVATIONS: 
€ highest og ae of the year ge recorded on October Sth when the thermometer 
pate 109° on A temperature of 90°F. sy ee a sneha on ninety-seven days during the 
year. On twen Ri sheer 5 eh the temperature went 
t sein of 28°F. w sg - d on es nights ‘i vies 2nd and December 24th. 
ure of 40°F. or ted o on ninety-six nights during the year. On eight of 
these nights the temperature was belo 


w 32° 
Frost was aap anaes on forty-three mornings, but the winter months were mild as compared with . 


recent year! 
Sm 


syn a Rig ee ayaa and Oct 
ry dry year with an evaporation loss of 43.75 inches vi 4.97 inches more than 
iod 


ii Soeiion eae ‘ihe onths and twenty-three day gpa om May Ist to October — 
23rd only .08 inches of rainfall was recorded. Rain was recorde twenty-five days for a total 
83 inches as compared ty-nine days 1952 when we  pecnioal 34 . This 
1953 total of 6.83 inches was well scattered with no a precipitation any one storm | = 
onth. A storm total of more than one inch occurred on y two occasions during the y 
saath 23rd when 1.05 inches fell and on November 14th “aa 15th when 1.20 inches was 
cor 
WEATHER RECORD—1953 
University of California, Los Angeles 
Subtropical Horticulture Area 
PRECIPITA- 
TEMPERATURE TION 
AVERAGE PEAKS TOTAL 
1953 MI MAX MI MO 

January..... 47.2 69.8 38 84 1.52 
February.... 40.7 66.8 31 84 0.00 
March...... 44.7 66.4 38 87 0.50 
fe eae 47.0 67.7 36 89 2.09 
i ee 49,2 68.6 44 80 0.01 
| 53.7 74.9 47 82 0.06 
| 59.4 80.3 54 91 0.00 
August..... 57.0 76.7 52 84 0.00 
September 54.7 79.5 49 102 0.00 
October... .. 50.4 75.1 4l 88 0.00 
November. . 46.6 71.8 39 92 1.38 
December. . . 41.9 69.1 3.4 84 0.06 


—————— 
Total inches 5.62 


og was noticeably observed on one hundred-nine days, being more noticeable during the 
ober 


| 
| 


= Se ASIA Fa ete 


a = 


Se ee ti see EF sen Se a A Tee 


a a at ai eee 


SUMMER 1954 


AIR LAYERING EXPERIMENTS AT WISLEY* 


F. E. W. Hancer, V. M. H., AND A. RAVENSCROFT 


Most TREES and shrubs are comparatively 
easy to reproduce vegetatively from cut- 
tings, yet there are notoriously obdurate 
plants such as Acers, Abeliophyllum, Mag- 
nolia, Mahonia, Prunus, Parrotia, etc., 
which are so difficult to root as to make 
the whole operation not only unprofitable 
but most impractical. 

During the last two years, 1952 and 
1953, experiments have been carried out 
in the Gardens at Wisley to test air layer- 
Ing as a means of overcoming this difh- 
ulty. The mysterious plastic film containers 

n 


ation so far obtained from our experi- 
ments. 


For the amateur who is interested in 
n€ propagation of plants and where the 
time factor is n 
a air layering has its appeal and can 
€ made the means of producing many a 


© normal layering as a means of multi- 

plication. 

c Seg layering originated from the ancient 
inese practice of binding manure and 

ke twig to induce root formation 

sty ants which were difficult to root from 
ings. The method of air layering has 

ay 


i ; Journal of the Royal Horti- 
ae Society, London. Vol. LXXIX, Part 
€. March 1954. pp. 111-116, incl. 


been in constant use through the years 


layer is sufficiently rooted. 
POLYETHYLENE FILM 
After the recent world war extensive 
experiments with the new plastic films to 
replace the adhesive bandage in air layer- 
ing practices were carried out in various 
arts of the United States of America, es- 


It 
new plastic film ‘‘Polyethylene.”” This ma- 
acking food- 
for the trans- 


peratures and constant humidity no case 
has been re- 
corded. ‘‘Polyet 
plastic film sold in this country under th 
names “Alkathene’ (renamed ' 
queen’’) or “Polythene.” 

There are a confusing number of plastic 
films now on the market. As all & not 
have the same properties for successful air 


58 LASCA 
layering it is important to obtain the right 
material. 

“Polyethylene” can be purchased in 
many thicknesses but those ranging from 
four thousandths of an inch to six thou- 
inch inclusive are con- 
sidered ideal for air layering. No signifi- 
cant difference in the suitability of these 
various thicknesses is evident. Film less 
than four thousandths of an inch is con- 
sidered too thin as the material is apt to 
stretch when being wrapped around the 
moss; such thin plastic film also tends to 
admit water when subjected to constant 
overhead irrigation. Thicknesses of seven 


’ film is fairly trans- 
parent the developing roots of the twig 
are clearly visible under the wrapping, and 
thus by careful observations the experi- 
menter can ascertain when sufficient roots 
have been formed and when to sever the 


one of the difficulties of the process of air 
layering which is to exclude air at the 
overlap of the bandage enclosing the ma- 
terial round the stem thus leaving only 
the two ends to be secured by electrical 
insulation tape. Tubes 3 to 4 inches wide 
and 8 to 9 inches long make a good aver- 
age size, but have the disadvantages of 
taking much longer to operate, and being 
more expensive to purchase. Flat sheet 
“Polyethylene” plastic film can easily be 
converted into tubular pieces and an effi- 
cient seal may be obtained by using a gas 

ame. The best method is to place the flat 
sheet between two metal plates, allowing 
the edges to be sealed to protrude by 
approximately 14 inch. Direct the flame 
on the exposed edges until the Poly- 


LEAVES 


ethylene “runs back” to the metal plates — 

and cools off. This method will be found 4 

to be simple and quick in operation. A 
AIR LAYERING 


season with the current year’s growths. — 
This is no doubt due to the fact that in the — 
spring the plant is in active growth, — 
whereas in the autumn the rooting of dif- — 


of the young growths flag and suffer con- — 
siderably, many of them withering and al- — 
most dying at once when a cut is made in ~ 

1 


to be governed by the thickness of th 
this work is carried out as 


and thus making the operation more Of 
less simple. Experiments with the circular } 
bark method, which necessitates the 


through breakages, caused by the wind, 
etc., were numerous. 3 
After the necessary cut has been made 4 


ee Se ee eee 


pn I rs ek = rine Th Re) EE ne = Ae 


Pe a nn OS he gm see = 


SUMMER 1954 59 


growth-promoting substance, preferably 
in powder form, is applied to both cut 
surfaces, and around the stem in the im- 
mediate vicinity of the cut. The next im- 
portant step is to open the jaws of the 
cut by placing a small twist of clean 
Sphagnum moss between the cut surfaces. 


held in position with the plastic film 
which must be wound around the cover- 
ing moss in such a way as to arrange for 


the two ends with adhesive tape. 
Before applying this the plastic film must 
be twisted tight at each end. If the two 
ends are folded rather than twisted in the 
direction of the overlap this will prove a 
quick and easy procedure. When apply- 
ing the tape care must be taken to con- 
tinue the winding beyond the edge of 
the film to finish on the wood of the 


failures among the air layers will occur 
due to the soggy conditions inside the 
plastic wrap creating unfavorable rooting 
conditions. 

If the air layer is correctly created it 
will remain moist and healthy, over a 
period of months, giving ample time for 
footing to take place. 

One-third granulated peat or acid ver- 
miculite can be incorporated with the 

phagnum moss inside the plastic film 
ag advantage. Vermiculite adheres to 
ee amp moss more readily than granu- 
sha peat and for this reason is prefer- 


l — air layers be made on rather 
“ €r wood, it will be found necessary 
secure them to an adjacent branch to 
Prevent swaying and damage from wind. 
ESTABLISHING THE ROOTED LAYER 
After 8 to 12 weeks, roots may be ex- 
pans to protrude through the moss, and 
t progress can be watched through the 


transparent plastic film. The thick flesh- 
like roots of Magnolias and other plants 
will be easily noticeable but the fibrous 
roots of Prunus, Roses, etc., are muc 
more difficult to see. These will need close 
scrutiny to ascertain when the layer has 
formed sufficient roots to enable it to re- 
establish itself with safety after being cut 


roots are formed to sustain the layer’s in- 
dependence it should be removed by cut- 
ting through the stem below the lower 
insulation tape-seal. 

has been stated elsewhere that air 
layers are difficult to re-establish inde- 
pendently in new compost. This has not 
been evident at Wisley, possibly due to the 
fact that every assistance is given to the 
layer (which is usually a large plant with 
a small root system) to encourage it quick- 
ly to become well rooted in suitable com- 


ost. 

After the air layer has been cut free the 
insulation tape must be removed from 
ach end and the plastic film carefully 
unrolled. It should then be easy to sepa- 
rate (the majority) of the moss from the 
roots, and it will now be necessary to re- 
move with a pair of secateurs the stem 
snag below the rooted portion. The layer 
is now ready to be potted into 4-inch pots 
with plenty of drainage and one of the 
following composts: 

1. Equal parts of John Innes Potting 
No. 1 and Peat Moss. 

2. Equal parts of J. I. P. No. 1 and 
Vermiculite. 

3. Equal parts Vermiculite and Peat 


oO 


Oss. 

The vermiculite should possess an acid 
reaction. 

As soon as potted the young plants 
should be placed in a cold frame and re- 
ceive frequent syringing on all suitable 
occasions. Special care not to over-water 
in these early stages is essential. 

For the first week the cold frame con- 
taining the young layers must be heavily 
shaded and closed. Later the shading can 
be decreased gradually and the air to the 
frame increased. When the roots of the 
new plants are well established around the 


60 LASCA LEAVES 


Air Layering. Showing essential a of this Bement as aaah at Huntington Botanical 


Gadanes subject photographed is Rhododendron 
panying 


included with the reprinted text. 


this pore in the jonrnal of the Royal Honea vig ‘eatoctonatedy could 
Photograph cou of The Hu 


inal photographs accom- 
not be 
ntington Library and Art 


’ (Note: 


ra San Marino, oh Panty 


sides of the pots, potting on, or planting 
out-of-doors in the ursery, is ad- 
vised before a check to priory is possible. 


PLANT GROWTH SUBSTANCES AS AN AID 
TO AIR LAYERING 
The experiments carried out during the 
past two years have been made more com- 
prehensive and interesting by the help 
given by the makers of certain plant 
growth-substances. Not only have they 
given their commercially sornene.: growth- 


uid and 


but when requested, special preparations 
of indolyl butyric acid, 2:4:5-Trichloro- 
phenoxyacetic acid and (2:4:5-Trichloro- 
phenoxy) propionic acid. 

was soon made evident that the 
powder form lent itself more favorably 
to the application of air layering. Durin 
the first season’s experiments therefore, 
powders containing indolyl butyric acid 
with strengths ranging from 1,000 p.p.m 
to 8,000 p.p.m. were used. 


The most concentrated of these is nor- 
mally recommended for hard-wooded cut- 
tings, and in the Wisley experiments with 
air layering, proved the most successful. 

In most cases Sree with Abelio- 
phyllum, Mahonia, Magnolia, Parrotia 
and Prunus a 100 per cent. rooting took 
sie within 10 rs 12 weeks. Notable ex- 

ceptions were . Roses and 
large leafed SPEEA species, all of 
which formed a large amount of callus, 
and after months of watching no roots 
were forthcoming. 

he woe fr gave very 
satisfactory re lants, but 


was quite successful with less difficult 
rooting subjects, but with the mo 0 difh- 
cult varieties the percentage of successes 
was much less than with the inbecuodiall 
strength. 

At the end of thé first season’s experi- 


ments the results proved that the powder = 


NaS somla antens .-s 


SUMMER 1954 61 


containing 8,000 p.p.m. I.B.A. gave by 
far the best results; yet this strength did 
not succeed in producing roots (only 
callus) on a number of plants. The success 
obtained by these initial efforts encour- 
aged us to continue the experiment for 
another season, using much stronger 
growth substances than the I.B.A. 

he makers also arranged to help by 
making up nine preparations containing 
the following concentrations: 


The various species and varieties of 
Acer require different strengths of growth- 
regulating substances, A. palmatum and 
A, palmatum atropurpureum need I. B. A. 
as strong as 30,000 p.p.m. with the help 
of which they root readily. I. B. A. at 
20,000 p.p.m. will assist the majority of 
Acers to root quite successfully when air 
layered. 

The stronger concentrations of (2:4:5- 
T) at 10,000 p.p.m. and those of (2:4:5 


1. Indolyl-butyric acid @ 15,000 p.p.m. 

2. Indolyl-butyric acid @ 20,000 p.p.m. 

3. Indolyl-butyric acid @ 30,000 p.p.m. 

4. (2:4:5-T) 2:4:5-Trichlorophenoxy acid @ 100 p.p.m. 

5. (2:4:5-T) 2:4:5-Trichlorophenoxy acid @ 1,000 p.p.m 

6. (2:4:5-T) 2:4:5-Trichlorophenoxy acid @ 10,000 

7. (2:4:5-TP) a (2:4:5-Trichlorophenoxy) propionic acid @ 100 p.p.m. 
8. (2:4:5-TP) @ (2:4:5-Trichlorophenoxy) propionic acid @ 1,000 p.p.m. 
9. (2:4:5-TP) q (2:4:5-Trichlorophenoxy) propionic acid @ 10,000 p.p.m. 


By using this wide range of growth sub- 
stances it was hoped to find a suitable 
Strength to encourage the rooting of the 
More difficult plants which failed to root 
with the commercially available regula- 
tors. It was fully realized that the high- 
ést concentrations might be injurious to 
Plant life but at any rate it was hoped to 
— the upper limits of the plants’ en- 

urance to growth substances. With the 


thong like structures. Sections of these 
: spn them to be typical roots with very 
N95 thin-walled cortex and a central cyl- 

er showing 11 to 12 strands of primary 


mA gis with small groups of 


Moting substances fail to grow away 


I 

<2 A. 8, .p-m. were rooted 83 per 
nt with the stronger I. B. A. at 15,000 

and 20,000 p-p.m. 


TP) at the same strength did much dam- 


In the majority of cases the air layers 
(especially the Magnolias) completely 
died, and with many other genera they 


roots were thick and fleshy and when in- 
spected appeared to have no root hairs 
attached. 


CONCLUSION 

To date it has not been possible to in- 
vestigate fully the reactions of the Rho- 
dodendron genus to growth-promoting 
substances when air layered, but enough 
has been accomplished to prove that if 
applied carefully and according to recom- 
mendations indolylbutyric acid still holds 
its own amongst accelerators of root 
growth when plants are air layered. How- 
ever, much research work is still necessary 
before we can solve many of the limiting 
factors which. must be taken into con- 
sideration before the full benefit is ob- 
tained from root inducing substances. 


62 LASCA LEAVES 


PLANT PATENTS EXPLAINED 


Louls CUTTER WHEELER 


IN READING nursery catalogs you frequent- 
ly encounter plants designated as patented. 
Usually these patented varieties are more 
expensive than unpatented varieties. You 
may e wondered what the patent 
means to you. 

The general assumption is that a pat- 
ented plant is superior to an unpatented 
one; if this were not so the patented 
plants could not be sold for the higher 
price. In actuality the mere fact that a 
plant has been patented is no guarantee 
that it is better; it is supposed that the 
variety is at least new. Of course, after a 


superiority. With so large and unorgan- 
ized a market it is quite possible that a pat- 
ented plant of no unusual merit might 
actually enjoy a profitable sale at a pre- 
mium price for the life of the patent— 
seventeen years. 

In order to understand the significance 


exclusive right to 
(throughout the United States and the 
Territories thereof) from asexually repro- 
ucing, or using or selling the plant so 
reproduced. 

The interpretation of this statute as it 
applies to plants lies in the no man’s land 
between law and biology, and some of the 
legal interpretations are biologically be- 
fuddled. Certain aspects of the law are, 
however, unequivocal. 


Plants customarily propagated by seeds 
are excluded. This is biologically sound 
since asexually propagated plants, Le., 
those propagated by budding, grafting, 
slipping, layering ,dividing, or by bulblets 
or cormlets growing from bulbs or corms, 
show a minimum of variation and a popu- 
lation of essential uniformity can be main- 
tained. Sexually-(including seed-) propa- 
gated plants may vary rather freely; the 
characteristics of the variety may change 
through the years as the producer selects, 


sect-carried pollen. Hence administration 
of patents on seed-propagation plants 
would be impractical. : 

Another group of excluded plants 1s 
the tuber-propagated plants. Apparently 


Congress objected to patenting varieties — 


of the white potato. The interpretation of 
tuber is in the correct botanical sense of a 


no disputes have 
Plants propagated by large fleshy roots 


can be patented even though, as in the 


case of the sweet potato, they may be f 
plants. 
The 


the basis of a rather dubious legal fiction | 


conceived for the purpose, that bactert 
] 


poses of the act is a key point. “Variety 
is used in the broadest possible sense 
“kind’’ would be a better wo 


> aa 


U. S. Supreme Court has ruled, on 


SUMMER 1954 63 


either known or used by others in this 
country or patented or described in any 
publication in any country prior to the in- 
vention or discovery by the would-be 


devoid of biological basis, have 
rendered. 


. uy of variegated plants most of which 
Pad nown to be due to infection 
ome virus. For example, our two-tone 
et ting peaches common locally have 
oe rose colored and pale pink flowers, 
boa OF pats of petals due to infection 
bi each mosaic virus. Patentability of 
“hn pathological color forms is unknown. 
i ultimate decision as to ‘newness’ 
= ie the Agricultural Research Serv- 
ni a States Department of Agricul- 
* ‘hey may, at their option, require 


submission of specimens, or opportunity 
to examine the growing plant. Opinions 
of competent witnesses may be taken into 
consideration. 
ou find a new kind of plant in your 
garden and you wish to patent it, the first 
thing to do is to propagate it asexually and 
row it until the progeny show the char- 
acters in which it is new and different. 
This asexual reproduction and demonstra- 
tion that the novel characters persist in the 
rogeny is “reduction to practice’ and 
constitutes ‘ ion” 1 


plication for the patent. 
have to prove that you did, or forfeit the 
patent. Consequently, competent, prefer- 
ably disinterested, witnesses should certify 
as to the date of successful completion of 
asexual reproduction including appear- 
ance of the novel characters in the off- 


n 

: scope of the patent permits the 
patentee to control sale, use and asexual 
propagation of the patented plant. He 
may license others to propagate and sell 
on a royalty basis. It is generally held 
that control of sale and use does not ex- 
tend to control of sale and use of flowers 
or fruit or other plant parts not intended 
for use in asexual reproduction. 

A moot question is the coverage of 
plant patents. Does the patent cover only 
members of the clone asexually 
gated from the original plant, or 
apply to all plants indistinguishable from 
each other? In the only pertinent decision 
discovered, the court ruled, in effect, 
without realizing the biological signifi- 


64 LASCA 
cance of its ruling, that only members of 

a clone are covered, and that indistin- 
saibable plants which originated as an- 
other sport, mutation or hybrid, even 
though identical, were not covered. Proof 
of infringement was difficult enough be- 
fore this decision. Now, if this decision 


horticultural name under which the pat- 
entee is selling the plant 

It is not permissible in applying for a 
plant patent to use a fancy horticultural 
name. When application is made, 
plant is referred to merely as a rose, peach, 
camellia, oy as the case = be. How- 
ever, in m 


sequently there would be little profit in 
propagating a patented plant unless it 


LEAVES 


were sold under the name under which a 
market had been created by es 
except for plants used mainly for co 
mercial production of plant products uch 
as fruit, cut flowers, pulp wood, etc. In 
the ssi case substantial savings might 
be made by propagating stock without 
ain > establish one’s own orchard or 
grove. 

From this summary it should be evident 
that plant patents involve many puzzling 
and often obscure problems in the botani- 
co-legal field. As yet there have been few 
judicial decisions to interpret the relevant 
statutes. However, the home gardens 


of rene roses spat self. 
Department of Bota 
University of eas ed California 
Los Angeles 7, California 


COVER PICTURE 


Historical Landmark No. 367 


THE DAY dawned benign and beautiful, 
and closed in an atmos e of success 
and carefree celebrations. May 18, 1954, 
was a day of dedication at the Los Angeles 


given by the State of California, and 


“Queen "on the historic 
homesite of Rancho Santa Anita. 
Members of the Historical Committee 


John R. Mage and Mrs. Richard ee Dakin, 
co-chairmen, Mrs. Ernest A. Bryant, Jr., 
Maurice Block, Mrs. Howard Cunning- 
am, ts. Forrest Q. Stanton, Mrs. 
Alfred Murray, Jack Fawcett, Dewey 
E. Nelson, to mention only the portion of 
the Committee most active in the day's 
preparations. During the brief speeches, 
credi 


ames 
Aidig Chapter, Daughters of the Ameri- 


can Revolution, was introduced, and she 
presented a second monetary gift from 
this organization, ee a the restora- 
tion of the Hu eid adobe built in 
1839, now ina ate i dis-repair. Super- 
visor John Anson Ford, Chairman of the 
Los Angeles ea Board of Supervisors, 
introduced Aubrey Neasham, who came 
down from Sess for the express 
purpose of formally dedicating the Cot- 
tage on behalf of the State Park Commis- 
sion. 

There followed an informal inspection 
of the three historic aetomd agian 
the Lake—then, “regalement”’ 
lawn, and singing of old favorites bail 
monized by four pretty “Crown City 
Coronettes,” to gratifying applause. And 
so, “Queen Anne Cottage” intended by 

“Lucky” Baldwin for entertaining when 
he built it in 1881, resumed its true role, 
becoming, furthermore, Historical Land- 
mark No. 367 in the State of California, 
on a sunny afternoon in 1954. D. 4 


—— 


SUMMER 1954 


65 


CISTUS AND ITS RESPONSE TO FIRE 


Louts B. MARTIN AND Mrs. MARCELLA JUHREN 


IN TIME to come, species of Cistus or 
Rock Rose” may be added to the chapar- 
tal flora of the Angelus National Forest. 
Recent experiments at the Arboretum in- 
dicated that certain species of this genus 


0 not burn readily. 


readily than native chaparral. It has been 
observed that massed plantings of certain 
Species in the path of a fire, have checked 
or markedly slowed its progress. Such a 
planting might add to the effectiveness of 
re breaks, Unfortunately, there are few 
species which are of known value in this 
espect. 


the search for plants suited to the existing 
8'owing conditions of the mountain slopes 
and which might reduce the fire hazard. 
be the suggestion of Dr, Seibert, Mr. T. 
o CGah burned leafy branches cut from 
‘tl0us species of plants known for their 
rought tolerance and ease of propagation 
ath giak The Cistus selections seemed 
promising. A larger field trial was 
‘ranged, to be followed by other studies. 
MarTerias AND METHODS 


T Experiment 1: Field Burnin g of Cistus. 
Wo t . . 


& 
: my Arboretum (Fig. 1). Straw to a 
. si 1 foot was placed around and 
Nder each bush to be burned. One bush 


(F lace on Jan. 4, 1954 
'8. 2). There was a light $.W. breeze 


or updraft, estimated at about 6 mph. The 
re residue was left under each bush. 
Table 1 lists the Cistws species used under 
controlled burning plus other data ob- 
served subsequent to the burning. 
Experiment 2; Field Vegetative Propa- 
gation. To observe the growth of Cistus 


tus, C. laurifolius, C. monspeliensis, and 
C. purpureus. The seedlings were moved 
to the USFS Flood Control nursery after 
six weeks, and there replanted in separate 
containers for further growth. Subse- 
uently, under the supervision of Mr. 
Juhren, these plants were moved to their 
permanent site on the west-facing slope 
of Lannon Canyon earth dam, Arcadia, 
California. 

Experiment 3: Fire Break Seeding. To 
h of 

|- 
lowing species were seeded along the edge 
of a fire n the Lux Arboretum 
Annex at Clamshell Canyon, Monrovia, 


var. maculatus, C. laurifolius, C. mon- 
Speliensis, C. purpureus, and C. salvifol- 
ius. This seeding was made in Jan., 1954. 
Again, the only water supplied was that 
from rainfall. 


RESULTS 

Field Burning of Cistus—The extent of 
burning on all bushes ranged from 10 to 
100%, (Table 1). The bushes did not 


subside soon after the main body of the 


66 LASCA 
straw had burned. The estimate per cent 
of burn shows that no two bushes of the 
same species were effected equally by the 
fire. 


e emergence of seedlings under the 
burned bushes was extremely interesting 


cies. The asterisk, Table 1, indicates those 
species. The number of seedlings of other 
species was obtained by estimation follow- 
ing the count of a 4 section of the area 
under the bush. The number within the 
parentheses indicates the number of plants 


About the time of seedling emergence, 
some of the burned bushes were observe 
to be sprouting close to the ground. Those 
species in which this observation was made 
are is by a (+) in the last column 

f Table 


Field oe Propagation—Germi- 
nation of these Cistus species at the Ar- 
boretum while in the flats was very goo 
The moving of the seedlings to the USES 
nursery and then to the dam site was suc- 
cessful. At the oo time, the plants are 
growing well; however, it is too early to 
make ies as to their value in the 
field. 

Fire Break oe ae amount of 
germination has not been up to expecta- 
tions. C. ladaniferus, C. purpureus, and 


LEAVES 


C. albidus with 21, 50, and 50 seedlings 


lings, four months after sowing the seed, 
indicate that emergence occurred rather 
recently. It will be necessary to observe 
these plants for another year before their 
ability to establish themselves under such 
conditions can be determined. 


might be caused by several factors such as, 
(1) the effect of heat on the seed itself, 


duced may serve to abso 

Accordingly, seed et were ne under 

the following conditio 

. In pots with cover gr mature Crstus 
leaves. 

. In sti with cover of burned Crstus 
leav 


— 


N 


. In nee with cover of aa 
. In pots with cover of Cha 
. In covered glass adie with and 
without charcoal. 
2 pln a dishes in light and 
n dark 


eae all a eonibions may also be 
affected by temperature, repetitions will 
be made throughout the rt and the re- 
sults published at a later date 


WB Qe 


aN 


The Cistus species used and other data subsequent to their burning under the condi- 
nt 1 


TABLE 1. 
tions described for Experime 


AVERAGE NO. SEEDLINGS BENEATH SPECIES 
HEIGHT % BUSH STUMP 
SPECIES IN FEET BURNED UNBURNED BURNED — SPROUTING _ 
2 50-75 185(1)* 2531 (2)* _ 
G, reese > 50 (1) 1263 (1) aa 
C. crispus 2 25-95 6(1) 3255 (5) a 
&. stata us 3 25-50 83.(1)* 1439 (2)* - 
C. hirsutus, var. acutifolius 2 50-100 2 (2) 145 (2)* Me 
C. ladaniferu 4 75-100 1045 (1)* 950 (2)* £F 
é Lateadices var. albiflorus 2 10-100 0 (1) 0 (2 Ei 
C. laurifolius 2 25 31 (1) 183 (2)* + 
c howepelcuits z 00 165 (1)*. 294.¢1)? wae 
C. purpureus 2 20-80 50 (1)* 720 (2)* zp 


SN 


SUMMER 


1. gpd Le rared in West Acres before burning. 
n-burned (control) C/stus crispus, no 
note seedlings qusmced around base of bush. 


Fig 
species, Fig 
C. crispus, 


Besa 


‘i First, a yw eee 
ch not catch fire readily nor did they sus- 
€ once the main blaze of the litter 
hele: Second, Cistus seeds germi- 
nated ne spear well following the 
isa se two characteristics along with 
trough tolerance are paramount for 
Plants to be ine in reforestation of our 
areas subject to 

Me wie ely ue after burning and 
Pte stablishment by seed and transplants 
urther adds to the desirability of using 
1Stus to increase the permanence of the 


& 
5 
1 Eh 


1954 67 


urning of selected C/stus 
3 


eae 
seedlings in heavy leaf mulch. Fig. 


flora on our southern mountain slopes. 
Cistus, a native of Asia Minor, $.W. Eu- 
rope, anc frica, grows within a range 
of snaditions which would seem to insure 


its success here. 


Epitor’s Note: The co gr ume ores: its 
appreciation to Mr. Gustaf Juhr f Silvi- 
culturist, USFS for his afta ee inter- 

in this program; and to Mrs. Marcella 


uhren for her volunteered services in carrying 

out the tedious job of counting the Cistus seed- 
lings and for her assistance with phases of the 
other experiments ru gene here. Special men- 
tion should be made of the assistance given by 
the Arcadia Fire Department in standing by 
with it equipment, a precautic 


nary measure 
bts the expetiactital binaivies of the Crstus 


plant 


68 LASCA LEAVES 


4 


Daylily display border along road 


1e foot of Tallac 


i eS 4 ey" 


i: % a OF PED F he Se - 
Knoll, Los Angeles State and County 


at tl 
Arboretum, Arcadia, California. Courtesy of same. 


PROGRESS OF THE DAYLILY TEST GARDEN AT THE 
LOS ANGELES STATE AND COUNTY ARBORETUM 
W. QUINN BUCK 


IN THE FALL of 1950 a large number of 
Hemerocallis species, hybrid varieties, and 
seedlings were moved to the Arboretum 
from the University of California at Los 
Angeles. These represented plants ob- 
tained from many sources, together with 
seedlings selected from larger popula- 
tions. These were intended to be the basic 
material for a daylily test garden and for 
further breeding and research. 

During the last three winters a con- 
siderable part of these plants, together 
with new accessions, has been set out in 
the permanent test garden area just west 
of the Coach Barn on the Arboretum 


grounds. At the present time there are 


some 270 clones in the ground, planted 
in triangular groups of three clumps of 
each clone, with a large number yet to be 
moved or to be obtained from daylily 
growers. When single plants are obtained, 
it is Our practice to propagate them before 
putting them in the test garden. 3 
The species collection is now fairly 
complete, inclusive of all except the raf- 
est. Two clones of Hemerocallis flava, the 
Lemon Daylily, which are believed true, 
are being grown and should prove ie) 
special interest since this species is com- 
monly confused in our California gare 
dens. It seems to be adapting itself some: | 
what satisfactorily to our mild winters) 


CMR A 


Piette SP EW et 1S he ie EER or NE ea em pole nn, prt IIIS 


SUMMER 1954 69 


and is now carrying seed pods. H. minor 
is a bit more resentful of our winter tem- 
peratures, but it does flower moderately 
well. H. middendorffi, H. dumortieri, H. 
thunbergi, H. citrina, H. aurantiaca, H. 
aurantiaca major, H. multiflora, H. for- 
resti, and most of the forms of H. fulva, 
are now in one of the long display beds. 
Prominent in the Arboretum collection 
are hybrid varieties developed in his work 


entific daylily breeding and introduction. 

her breeders well represented include 
H. P. Sass, Dr. Hamilton P. Traub, H. M. 
Russell, Mrs. Thomas Nesmith, and Carl 
Milliken. There are also clones from Carl 


a seedlings are included in the plant- 


g. 

For the most part, the many varieties 
ro growing satisfactorily, in spite of the 
act that the soil is extremely uneven in 


quality because of the leveling and grad- 
e . Some few varieties have 


the co During the past winter a 
serious infestation o ids was also 
noticed in the collection, as well as else- 


lilies have been thought to be free of this 
insect pest. 
Present plans are to fill the remainder 


own gardens. 


NAMES, NOTES AND NEWS 


brary and Pilon 9 and he eS 
: t : 
n San Mesincy, allery and Botanical Gardens 


— 
$=) 
BS 
a 
“5 
r= 
— 
4 
Pp 
an 
3 
b-~) 
a. 
om 
5° 
it) nm 
las 
> 
oO 
> 
Ҥ 
= 
oO 
ov 
aI 
3 


ay gd to other Unit groups in the country. 
i had her first 


Mid reg covered in : ‘ : 

ip 3 consideration of it as a fossil speci- 

jeeps ape seedlings of this species, Meta- 

8 ali yptostroboides, are thriving at the 

dane m ie test plots were another 
€ of keen interest. 


’ 


mellia gardens, and finally 
s color-laden test 


c 
momento of the afternoon. 
From a release by Mary B. Darrow, 
Recording Secretary, So. Calif. Unit, H.S.A. 
* * * 


H. Assistant Head, Plant Introduction 

Section, United States Department of Agricu 

ture, Beltsville Maryland, visited the Los An 

geles State and Count during the 
p 


rbore 
r conferences regarding the 
plant introduction aspects of the Arboretum. 
“tr eee 


Early in May the Arboretum received visits 
from Professor Guiseppe Martinoli, Instituto 


70 LASCA 


a Universita, —— Italy; Dr. T. M 
of B BT Sci 


Tadros, Professo tany, Faculty 

ence, Unive rsity of Risin Egypt, and M 

Eugene Nasir, Gordon College, Rawalpinl 
est Pakistan. These gentlemen, o of 

came Gardens of Southern California, ys 

visit e University of California Botanica 

eaten in Los Angeles, Rancho se a 

Botanic Garden in Claremont, the 

ton Botanical Gardens, and Earhart Laboratory 


at the California Institute of Techitio log 


The Annual May seg of the American 


Begonia bag rd Glendale Branch, announces 
its ee s May 26th—too early for inclusion 

aves’, rg issue C a b 
for a — Sylvia atherman is 


e 
speaker, an ne ne d to pe in ‘thee 
favorite pape attire. Booths, plants, and 
refreshments feature 


GROWING NOTES 
GEORGE H. SPALDING 
If you are looking for a low shrub for a 


in the open ground. The plants are very 
igre and only moderately compact. 

oliage is a good medium green pre- 
acta a good eas at all times. 
Plants four years old are about 4” in diam- 
eter and about 1-11/’ pa No difficulty 
has been experienced in growing them 
from seed, which germinated in thirty 


se 
Australia has given us several very 
worthwhile v 


eful ornamental.” ae @ 
irae | in one year from ay has made 
a vine 9’ high with a spread of about 6’. 
It is planted along our chain link ; 
where it has reached the top and a little 


LEAVES 
j 

more (9’). It provides only a moderate | 
screen but indications are that it will be- 
come quite thick if it survives a few 

winters. Its — is somewhat in | 
sapphire since on 


grow it ended in Stade during 1950. — 
ot those plants were very young — 
and the winter was sppesaree severe. Ky 


id: is a mass of dark red pea-_ 
shaped flowers at this writing (June 1) — 
month; it shows no 


ing and use 
cart care and should germinate in a ~ 

wee 
K. nigricans is similar to K. rubicundda 
but is more vigorous. Our plants of this 
5 a are three years old and have topped 
o fen gone 10’ or more into — 


ss. 
flowers are black with a small yellow soak 
on the keel. Of the two species K. migri- 
cans, so far, appears to be the more vigor- 
ous grower and K. rubicunda the more | 
ornamental. . 

Melaleuca cordata will probably never | 
attain popularity as a landscape subject. It 


diameter and very attractive. 
germinate in three weeks to a month. This — 
Melaleuca is not as easy to grow as most — 
of the genus. Why, we do not know. It: 
appears that drainage in the containers is | 
one critical factor. For the plant com — 
noisseur this is a worthy subject. 


BOOK 
Howarp AsPER La Canada, Calif. 
History of the Rose by Roy E. — Sores 
York: The Mica Gs Co. 263 $4. 
“History of the Rose’ is primarily : io ook 
for rose-growing specialists and hybridists; but 


REVIEW 


_ “s ie Beachy! a book for - deci 
e€ are many 
Freely admitting that the history 0 
Ros s been mightily confused over the cen” 
stg aes Pave lapses, Mr. Shepherd still 


SUMMER 1954 71 


takes the threads in his expert hands me comes 
forth with a sound and definitive volum 
rose, it seems, has been a oor of 


orth Am 
ancestors of the D.A.R. Sa specimens in 
) 


least t ae million years, quite a while 


s for the cultivation of the rose, there i 
some evidence, writes Mr. Shepherd, “that roses 
were cultivated by the an oun civilizations of 
China, western Asia, and no n Afric he 000 

rs x a sie 


> 


u 
tus stated that roses compos d of 60 setae 
were i 


re grown in the gardens of as 
the year 300 B.C., Theophrastus described the 
roses of that era as having from 5 to 100 petals 


sions. “Comm ercial rose ed aes was most 
extensive in Rom 
After the fal « a the oats Empire the rose 
was neglected except perhaps in a few mon- 
e : 


h 
rab Empire extended from India to Spain, 
and roses from various 8 were ager) to 
the sorrow of the historia 
€ rose as a eoedlicitiel remedy for many ills 
i oo by Pliny the Elder, who men- 
€ 


In England, the Houses of York and Lan. 
War (1455. a fought a fierce civil w 

| of the Roses—when the House of York 

| wore a white rose as a Sade and the Hou 
. of Lancaster aredr rose. 

- ta ntents’’ of tory of the 3 

be ive the ila a oe a Sie ie 

what he expect. The twelve chapters are 

‘Gen of 


American Re Roa “Rugo ne ure and _ their 
Scotch, rae Yellows—Aus Persian, and 
a ae ee Perpeta Is,” “The Hy- 
h “The Polyant 
rh sty is a Bibliography; also a age <item In- 
_and an of Ros . There are 


ography and color Bena all the 
lusation are in black and white. Seems odd 


Sis peers h 
ry chapter, called ‘‘Genera 
: ra: Mr. Shepherd lists many persons an 
€ world who have been important in the 


a 

Ra Lammerts whose latest contribution 
Ch. velopment of the 1 America 
Tysler lenient Rose at Descanso Gardens. 


CALENDAR 
The Annual on mmer Shade Plant Ps 


ill be he vay 31st gust Ist, Is 
Doors will be open to the public on Saturday 
to 10 p.m. unday from 


. to p.m. an 1 
a.m. to 10 p.m. The show will be held in the 
rth end of the main building at the beautiful, 
spacious ae wood Turf Club in Inglewood, 
Ca " ne 
oe displays will be entered in competi- 


n 
Fuchsia Society. hese exhibits will occupy 
approximately 300 square feet eac , and will 
e 


humber’ sein Beene procedures, new prod- 
ucts, and advi 
A nominal aicission fee is charged; parking 
without charge in the extensive parking area 
From a release by Loren Padiotae 
Show Chairman 
* * 
American Bestinis Society—Pasadena Branch: 
regular meetings of the year conclude with June 
meeting, the 3rd Monday, 7:30 p.m 


n Kerl a “Begonia Growi 
Pains, n of basic cultural s 

Il summer seslines will be Pot Luck picnics 
July 24, m., tting demonstration will 
be given at €0 ty) n's, 
1320 Ramona Road, Arcadia, dinner following 
has 8 ; i I be at Col 

dM le’s, o. San Rafael Ave 


an s. C. M. Gale's, 40 No. 

Pineex Septem mber 18, the branch will meet 
at Oakhurst, Arcadia, in the gardens of James 
Giridlian. 


* * * 
Southern California a Society: 
further meetings until November. Details a 
November es to ooh in autumn issue 
of Lasca Leat 


Plant Societies: peas note a this column is 
designed to keep our readers posted on a 
meeting dates of hortcult ral and botanical or- 
povtee ders in the Los Angeles area basin: 
ar 


ods ed by spring, summer, autum 
inter issues of Lasca ves. Press dates are 
h arch, June, September, and e 
ret t the dates of issue in April 
July, October and January. Data required 
ficial me of organization, meeti date, 
place of meeting, (subjec nouncement op- 
tional), an of responsible for 


o 
Caiisuis hibore um Foundation, Inc., Ar- 
cadia, Calif. 


vr: LASCA 


BOOK NOTES 


zalea Handbook. oe ioe’ 
3.00 -to-dat 


s and , Royal Horticul- 
i on. 1950. Report of a 
9 


k of Crocus and Colchicum. E. 
52. Discussion of 
each of he imei oma with popular keys. 
Freesia 
The "Cultivated — es ae Freesia. N. 
Sennels. Copenhagen. Culture, pro- 
Sha diseases and brief history of the 


bot 
Fruit pce 
estern eat Gardening. Reid M ooks 
hate Claron O. Hesse. University of Califor. 
nia Press, Berkeley, 1953. A handbook for 
he home gardener on fruit amnion climatic 
require- 


fruits as carissa, cherimoya, = — uav 
jujube, papaya, white sapote, e 
House Pl oe 
lants Indoors. C. R. Boutard. Putnam 
Lond 1953. 18s. 
our Indoor Plants from Aspidistra to 
Zalacca. Juliana Crow. Ebb nfeld and 
Nicolson, London. 1952. d. Two more 
volumes on house any 
Idaho and Nevada: 
lora of Idaho ay is. Wm 
rown Co., Dubuque, Iowa. 1952. A 
nical manual of the native flora of the state 
Plants for Southern Nevada. John : 
ley, Ww 


ervice, Univers 

A mimeog ey ieae 6 on recom 
mended ornamentals. 

Roses: 
Buch der Rosen. Dietrich by nace Frauen 
feld, sheen 1951. A bo no bg use 

and culture of roses for amateu pro- 

Geile, eane sith poeple ae prints 


) ON 
oo 


i. Ses J. Horace McFarland 
Co _ A uniform descriptive list ae ne 
roses in sino e€ or of sak eae or bot 
cal importance. ed pocennine 


in 
with the a Rose Society. 
Santa abit Flor. 

AF of Santa “Barbara. Clifton F. “on 


roiiebe got Botanic ea bate ar- 
bara, Californ 1952. Ana ated porn 
rot i native and caecatied genes 


Sou 
Protected ‘wit lela bed ies Cape Prov- 
; 2, 1 pues he 
Provicgiel wise a 
6d. each. bra aul ed as of Sou yes 
wild ‘te 
The Woody Plants of the Bechuanaland 


LE 


So 


Spe 


re 


Miscellany 


AVES 


ee . ae African bee . 
, Par ape Town. — 


age ge 
any. Vol. 
1952. Check list with bviet Necenpuans 


uthwest: 

Flowers of the southwest mountains. Leslie 

P. Arnberger. 1952. 

Flowers of we la deserts. Natt N. 

Dodge. ed. 2. 

“il of Speaved mesas. Pauline M. 
traw. ed. oa. 

Thee popular booklets available at 


$1.00 
t Monuments Asso- 

aw Gila Pueblo, Globe, 
Paesel with line drawings by 
R. Janish. 


oS 


Jeanne 
Yuccas of he Southwest. John M. Nie 
U.S.D.A. Agriculture Mon nograph No. 

en oe Culture, economic uses and a 


matic 
ea pe Cultiva 
ae a dy snthemu, 
Ulmer, 
a ord Rhoxiodendron 
G nn. 


Marggraf and 

Stuttgart 
Joha Ber, 

gen es, Staal 


: 
; 
G.q 


H. Jacob 


Mesembryanthemaceae. O. H. 
Eugen eae Stutt- 


Volk, and H. Herre. 

gart. 

her books for 
eur discussing the spec 

en cu a re and propagation, pests 

oS ease 


the professional and the 
ies and cultivars, 
a 


nd 


Native Trees of Australia. J. =" su : 
Whitcomb and Tombs, Melbourn new | 
and phar ealsor edition of a ul ica 4 
00 
Trees of the Western Pacific Regio 
Hugo West Lafayette, Indiana 
TOD. mm 
trees a the w 
he adjacent ae mainland. 
with line ings. 
. Southern California Edison Company, 
eles. 1954. A free leaflet with 
ed tree planting lists yar various 
climatic areas in southe a rnia. Illus- 
trated with many color sis 


and Illus- 
trated 


Gi cen Woody Vines for the Southern 
Great Plains. pager Farmers’ Bulletin 
No. 2015. 1950 

Ornamentals Shrubs ae the Southern Great 
Plains. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 


2025. Si. ; 
Ornamental Hedaes Bp the Southern Great E 
Plains. USS. mers’ Bulletin No.4 
205); 1955. 15c. 
Three bulletins summarizing results of ie 
plants. Useful i a d areas of Californ 

Plant Diseases The arbo - ‘of Agricul, 

Washington . Ana 


et k. 
lishing Company, Men ark, 

1954. $2. 95. An up- ee aatibook for all 
gardeners 
MILDRED MATHIAS © 


CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC. 


BOARD OF TRUSTEES 


PROACH 60 oC i ee sa ee SAMUEL AyRES, JR. 
Vite PredenBe ous ie ee Mrs. Harry J. BAUER 
Mitet¥esdetl oc. ooe ee ROBERT CASAMAJOR 
Lean oe 5 eK a eee Howarp A. MILLER 

RALPH D, CORNELL Mrs. JOHN R, MAGE 

Mrs. RICHARD Y. DAKIN SAMUEL MOSHER 

JOHN ANSON Forp Mrs, RUDOLPH J. RICHARDS 

J. D. FUNK HAROLD F. ROACH 

WILLIAM HERTRICH Mrs. WILLIAM D. SHEARER 

LIONEL Louis HOFFMANN | HENrRy C. Soto 

CHARLES S, JONES FRANK E. Titus 

JOHN C, MACFARLAND Frirs W. WENT 


HONORARY TRUSTEES 


FRED W. ROEWEKAMP Mrs. WESTON WALKER 
MANFRED MyYBERG 


LOS ANGELES STATE AND COUNTY ARBORETUM STAFF 


RUSSHEL | SRIBERT ee en ee 
GEORGE EL, SEALING 620 i) ae Superintendent 
Lous Bo Maan i ae Plant Physiologist 
W. Qn i a ropagator 
}. THOMAS MOG ME TS ee a P. der 
Dawa Bi NaLsGns (55 oie a Historical iia 
THELMA G. BANGS, 43 

JANET Whicny 3 Ge Research and Library (pat "time) 

MEMBERSHIPS 

Annual Associate Membership. .... 6.0... 0.0 seers cence ees $ 5.00 
Annaal Meiners os is esis oe 10.00 
Annual Contributing Memberships con 66.4 sk ve 25.00 
Annual Sustaining Mem OOD Co os ce cw eae ee ee 100.00 
Annual ene: MECINDERND 5 < enc A ales eae bae eh ex ee 250.00 
Life ners BID ani ee Fae Seen ee be Sis eee 500.00 
Povitiders ou ho es aa $1,000.00 or more 
Se ae j plehwau'c Pape Sees et cen 5,000.00 or more 


Club memberships are available at any amount, from $10 a year or more. 
All contributions deductible under Federal Income Tax Law. 
ADDRESS 
Box 688—Arcadia—California 
Telephone DOuglas 7-3444 


LASCA LEAVES 


The official publication of the Southern California Horticuitural Institute 
and the California Arboretum Foundation, In 


Sponsors of 
LOS ANGELES STATE AND COUNTY ARBORETUM 


EDITORIAL COMMITTEE 


ROBERT CASAMAJOR MILDRED MATHIAS 
PHILIP EpwARD CHANDLER PHitip A. MUNZ 
WILLIAM HERTRICH RUSSELL J. SEIBERT 


EDITORIAL BOARD 
Arboretums and Botanical Garden 
Northern California ELizan BETH oe 
Santa Barbara—KATHERINE K. Mu 
aaa eeiicinin Abas B. cs 
oN Se AR i a trae te Ue Uae eo ag: 


Landacape Design... ios... 5) ieee eb ecee RALPH 


Taxonomy of Exotics 
Taxonomy of Natives 


\ Geanat fan) a 
\ Ly, a 


Pe SE RE ee eee ETT Re reer 


PY SEE EE ne SAS See Pee Pe LEN or ee ene eS a See Rae ee Nae 


: 
é 
s 
‘ 
é 


Lasca 
Leaves 


ON Soap 
eecevE,% 
OCT? & OH 


AUTUMN 1954 
Vol. IV, No. 44 


SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURAL INSTITUTE 


OFFICERS 1954 


eT IT ee See NO ete ae aa Frep W. ROEWEKAMP 
Vice-President and Secretary... .....ece eevee RONALD B. TOWNSEND 
FLOP ad 4 AR eae atROL SSP LES UR ROL A PA Sa KENNETH BISHOP 


BOARD OF DIRECTORS 


WILLIAM BERESFORD Percy C, EVERETT 
MANCHESTER BoDDYy EARLE E. HUMPHRIES 
HowarbD BODGER MILDRED E. MATHIAS 
Puitip EpwARD CHANDLER ALFRED W. ROBERTS 
RALPH D. CORNELL RONALD B. TOWNSEND 


RICHARD WESTCOTT 


ADVISORY COUNCIL 


SAMUEL AYRES, JR. Murray C. MCNEIL 
ROBERT CASAMAJOR MANFRED MEYBERG 
Henry R. Davis LOVELL SWISHER, JR. 
HuGH Evans Roy F. WiILcox 
MEMBERSHIPS 
Hittin! MAGEE os eae a ene ie a ee ee $ 5.00 year 
CCURNPY OR ANE gn oa oe vin a es ea ee aa ete 5.00 year 
Associate (for individual in member group only)... 2.00 year 
Contribution Member. sycs0s% 5 dses sed ioreen ts 25.00 year 
Cominetcial Meier io scix 0s soca ea eaw ene nes 50.00 year 
PSEC REET ic ick sl da aie ak comes en Pee 50.00 year 
EJTe  WCIICISAGY iso aes ne So ve eRe ee 500.00 


Ask the Secretary about privileges of each membership class. 


MEETINGS: 2nd Thursday of each month, Plummer Park, 
7377 Santa Monica Boulevard 
Fiesta Hall of the Community Building 


ADDRESS 
Box 688—Arcadia—California 
Telephone DOuglas 7-3444 


AUTUMN 1954 


Lasca Leaves 


VoL. IV AUTUMN, 1954 No. 4 


CONTENTS 
Theodore: Paynes cov ote on ee Philip A. Munz 
Vabebuta umbellala 0S its ol ee a R. J. Seibert 
The History and Parentage of Zinnia Cultivars. . . Richard M. Beeks 
Bud. Moteg.4 4 05. .4.cvaeu etait an chee eee 
Cultivation of WMeteseguoit |, ci ewan: Maunsell Van Rensselaer 


Australian Counterpart of the American Agave and Furcraea 
William Hertrich 


Cal-Poly: Practical Contributions to Horticulture. . Howard S. Brown 
Excerpt from “‘Frondes Agrestes’’—John Ruskin. ............... 
Los Angeles Beautiful................. Mrs. Valley M. Knudson 
Growing MGM 5) haa a ss George H. Spalding 
Cover Picture: MAGNO A MAM ODBIN 6 oi wee eee ® 
Quotation, From “'Patterns of Survival. ... . John Hodgdon Bradley 
Calendar eo ee oa ees» 
Names, Motes: Naga oooh ee Bi eae es se clk 
ook FOVOW: pe he oe Sak Lib o> 


\orreckions 00) tec, ae a OE a ee ea 


Theodore Payne ee Ae i ee a ee 
Zinnia violaces:. Wate Bac. Ora os es 
Diagram: Fig. 1: Zinnia Cultivars and species to 1919........... 
Spear Lily (Doryanthes Palmeri W. Hill).........0.. 00000000: 
Kigelia pinnata: original scratchboard sketch... ..... A. C. Hottes 
Campus: California State POV OE CEE 5 eh ev ecw s 


86 
89 
91 
ae 


LASCA LEAVES 


THEODORE PAYNE 


a tribute to Theodore Payne, plantsman and gentleman 


ish ele et pe pee 


- 


AUTUMN 1954 75 


THEODORE PAYNE 


PHiLiep A. MUNZ 


It Is universally said that Theodore Payne 
has done more than any other individual 
t 


Mr. Payne tells me that 
real interest in the use of natives began in 
1915. You will remember that was the 
year of the expositions in San Francisco 
and San Diego. To have something for 
visitors in its own area Los Angeles ap- 
pointed a committee of 100 to develop 
various things for them to see. Amon 

these and largely as a result of the efforts 
of Mr. Payne, there was created in Exposi- 
tion Park a native garden which contained 
Over 250 species. This planting attracted 
much attention and received considerable 
publicity. School children were brought 
to see it and visitors came thou- 
sands. Many left with the wish to grow 
some of these plants at their own homes 
only to find that they were for the most 
part unavailable at nurseries. In fact, in 
Southern California about the only place 
_ where they could be obtained was Payne's 
Nursery. 

This interest in the wild plants of Cali- 
fornia began as a hobby with Mr. Payne 
and for many years remained an entirely 
unprofitable one financially. But it was a 
natural one for an English boy brought 
up in a Quaker family, the mother of 
which loved wildflowers. She taught her 
son to know them from his early child- 
hood, not only so that he could recognize 
them but he knew their haunts. Born June 
19, 1872 at Manor Farm, Church Bramp- 
ton, Northampshire, and growing up in 
the country, young Theodore had his own 
garden from an early date and it was soon 
settled that of the six boys in the family 

€ was to be a horticulturalist. 
taught at first by a governess in the home 
and later at the Ackworth School in York- 
shire, where there was a flourishing natu- 
tal history society. Theodore was the secre- 
tary of the botanical section at the same 


time that the president was a boy with the 
surname Rowntree. This boy was a cousin 
of the husband of Lester Rowntree who 
later made the name so well known in 
California horticultural circles. 

After three yedrs at Ackworth, Theo- 
dore was apprenticed for a term of three 
years to J. Cheal & Sons, Lowfields Nur- 
series, to learn their business. He worked 
from seven in the morning until six at 


first year received the magnificent sum of 
five shillings a week. But the training 
was very complete, going into every phase 
of horticultural work then available, in- 
cluding office work as well as propagation, 
seed business, nursery practice and land- 
scaping. Altogether, he was with this 
company for four and one-half years. He 
then came to America and headed for 
California, stopping in Chicago for the 
World’s Fair. There he had his twenty- 
first birthday. His first job in California 
was to pick apricots. 

He soon contacted a nurseryman who 
got for him a job as gardener at Madame 
Modjeska’s ranch in Santiago Canyon in 
Orange County. His training and interest 
were of course in the nursery business, but 
he found his three years at Modjeska’s of 


many interesting people who came to visit 
Modjeska in her summer vacations, among 


got out the catalogues. 
he became manager. He went to Europe 
in 1897 and again in 1903, visiting not 
only England but leading nurseries and 
seedsmen in many countries on the conti- 
nent. He established connections that 
proved of great value to him afterward; 
for on returning to Los Angeles in 1903, 
he went into business for himself. 


76 LASCA 
He purchased a nursery and lease at 
440 So. Broadway that had been founded 
in 1890 by H. A. Brydges and had been 
taken over in 1892 by Lyon and Cobbe. 
Payne bought it from Hugh Evans. Here 
he carried on a general seed and nursery 
business, specializing in flower, tree (es- 
pecially eucalyptus), shrub and other 
seeds, of which he had the most complete 
assortment in the West. Now began his 


Germain told him he was foolish to spend 
his time and money on them. In fact the 
rest of the business had to carry them. 
For years he sold great quantities of eu- 
calyptus seed ; his record book shows items 
like a single order for 125 pounds of seed 
of E. globulus and 400 pounds of Wash- 
ingtonia filifera, as well as large amounts 
of Cobaea, Grevillea, etc. These orders 
came largely from European and Eastern 
firms. 

Mr. Payne says that at that time there 
were few nurseries outside of Los An 


central clearing house, other nurserymen 
listing their stock with him. Thus he sold 
in one year five carloads of citrus trees in 
Ventura Co., and in another, five in Sacra- 
mento Valley. 

In 1907 Theodore Payne married Alice 
Noyes, a native daughter, whose grand- 
father had come to California in a sailing 
vessel. Mrs. Payne taught school for some 
years. Everyone who knows Mr. Payne 
well is acquainted also with his friendly 
and charming wife, since for almost half 
a century they have appeared together at 
all public and social functions in a rela- 
tionship that may well serve as a model of 
mutual understanding and partnership. 

During the early years Mr. Payne sold 
seeds of California natives wholesale in 
the East and Europe, but there was no 
local demand until 1909, at which time 
he had an exhibit in the Pasadena Flower 
Show and got out a little Catalogue of 
wildflower seeds. Then local interest really 
developed after 1915 and his hobby 
gradually became his business, allowing 
him to go almost exclusively into work 


LEAVES 1 
with natives. He has brought into culti- 
vation about 430 species, some of which 
had been introduced into European gat- 
dens long before, but not locally. Many 
of these have not remained in the trade. — 
He introduced the Arizona Cypress about — 
1909, having an order for 10 pounds of © 
seed from Thomas Meehan in the East. A_ 
man collected 40 pounds for him and _ 
Payne gradually sold this. The next year — 
he had an order from France for 100 — 

Among other introductions were 
Lupinus Paynei in 1919, Fremontia mext-— 
cana in 1919, Berberis Nevini in 1920, — 
Ceanothus cyaneus in 1922, Cupressus 
Forbesii in 1935. Other introductions Of” 
re-introductions that were less local were 
Tithonia speciosa in 1918, Aquilegia | 
longissima in 1929, Pike Sapote in 1926. 

No small part of his work has been plan- 
ning estates and grounds. Among these 


Pasadena and that o : 
Knight of Santa Barbara of which he had 
charge for nine years. With Ralph Cornell 
he did a large mass of native planting ong 
the Pomona College campus about 1924. 


Mr. Payne has received many honors 
and much recognition for his horticultural 
activity as evidenced by some of the a 
cles written about him and his work: Si 


— = 


NOS GALE Sah Mes 


SST EIR EA Risa Ge St, See 


al 


AUTUMN 1954 


Horticultural Institute. And so now, it is 
a pleasure to be able to record a bit of the 


ye 


ern Californians aware of some of the 
beauty that Nature placed in their state in 
the way of native plants. He has taught 
them how to use them. Here is a greeting 
and tribute to Theodore Payne, plantsman 
and gentleman. 


TABEBUIA UMBELLATA 


Tabebuia umbellata  (Sond.) Sandw., 
Lilloa 14:136. 1948. (Tecoma umbellata 
Sond.), in Linnaea 22:562. 1849; Bur. et 
K. Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 8, Pt. 2: 
299° 1897. 

_To our knowledge this is the first spe- 
aes of Tabebuia to meet with some de- 
Stee of tolerance to southern California 
winters, at least in the past two relatively 
mild seasons, 

T. umbellata, “Ipé Amarelo,” a native 
of southern Brazil, is a small to medium 


he the young plant is 
Vety characteristically dichotomous. In 
the axis of each forking branch and in the 
one position, the flower buds form in 
ate summer and autumn. The leaves on 


, Two young plants were received by the 
tboretum from Evans and_ Reeves 
; ursery in October, 1950, and accessioned 
fe under our number 50-S-1632. 
One of the plants grown at the Ar- 


of southern California. Of the species 
found in Central American, West Indian 
and northern South American regions, we 


beautiful genus among flo 
from the southernmost limits of its natural 
distribution in South Brazil, Uruguay and 
Argentina. 

On his recent trip to that part of South 
America where Tabebuias are found, Dr. 
Ayres was able to send us seed of six 
other species which will be tested and 
carefully watched. 

For those readers who may be inter- 
ested in seeing illustration of T. umbel- 
lata, as well as several other comparative 
species, reference is made to the charming 
‘Album Floristico,” published by the Min- 
isterio da Agricultura, Servico Florestal, 
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1940, where the 
species are referred to the genus Tecoma. 


78 LASCA LEAVES 


ZAINNIA VIOLACEA 


, 


ae i lnemenverddew ed 


Plate I. A photographic reproduction of Zinnia elegans Sessé and Moc. 
Cav.) from an early lithograp in Cavanilles (1791). The wy eee was 
ntroduction of this species into Eur 


(synonym, 
published soon 


abe 


ee ee a ee tee ee ee op ne 


7. violat 
‘ a he 


TET 2 al eee Pe PMR Lora ce ns 


TT eee 


Se 


bill 


AUTUMN 1954 


79 


THE HISTORY AND PARENTAGE OF 
ZINNIAS IN MARCH 


RICHARD M. BEEKS 


SEVERAL authors have attempted to classi- 
fy Zinnia cultivars' into specific, isolated 
packages. C. F. Poole gathered them into 
four groups using doubleness as a lone 
criterion (“USDA Yearbook” 1937). L. 
H. Bailey (1925) arranged them accord- 
ing to variableness of size. Though the 
discontinuities may have existed in 1925 
and 1937, no such separable units can be 
distinguished today. From the smallest 
single to the largest double there now 
exists a continuous gradient of both size 
and doubleness. 

Though the economic importance of the 
Ornamental annual, Zinnia, is a fact tha 
has been widely publicized, 
of the basic 


Cr 


the past. As a result of this investigation, 
an attempt has been made to classify the 
modern Zinnias into natural, ancestral 
groups. 

The Zinnia cultivars probably have been 
derived from five basi 
below, Fig. 1 


sustfolia, (C) the hybrid= 9 Z. elegans 
Nat 2 angustifolia; the reciprocal cross, 
(D) the species Z. linearis. To ay, how- 
‘ver, one cannot state that any of these 
rginal ancestral stocks, with the excep- 
oi of (D) Z. linearis, have been re- 
dined without endless contamination from 
the other three. 


$e 


It sometimes becomes exceedingly dif- 
ficult to know which previously intro- 
duced forms have been used in the 
velopment of new cultivars. Undoubtedly, 
plants of the ‘Giant Mammoth’ strain (see 
below), as well as those of hybrid ances- 
try have been utilized repeatedly in Zinnia 
breeding ; however, since the pedigrees of 
the progenies were not recorded, the 
source of their inheritance is now ob- 
scured, 

The most recent cultivar shown in 
Figure 1 is ‘Giant Dahlia,’ 1919. Nearly 
all of the basic variation present in today’s 
cultivars had been selected by that date. 


ps 

A) Z. ELEGANS—Shortly after the 
late eighteenth century introduction of the 
purple Z. e/egans into the Royal Gardens 
of Madrid, the species produced viable 
seed. In 1796, Professor Casimiro Go- 
mez Ortega, Director of the Botanical 
Gardens of Madrid, forwarded seed to the 
Marchioness of Bute (Andrews 1797). 
Before long this New World curiosity was 
distributed throughout the gardens of 


urope. 

From 1796 to 1829 the species exhibited 
little apparent change in form or color. 
In 1829 a scarlet form, Z. elegans ‘Coc- 
cinea,’ was introduced, and its segregates 
produced flowers of variable colors (Focke 
In spite of the color diversity 
which ‘Coccinea’ had introduced, there 


place, Zinnia propagation was difficult in 
Northern Europe’s humid, cool climate. 
Secondly, horticulturists had not been 
successful in replacing the wild, single 
form with a true double. In fact, it was 


80 LASCA 
not until 1858, that the double Zinnia 
became a reality. 

Some confusion has resulted from con- 
tradictory reports pertaining to the or- 
iginal source of the double Zinnia. “The 
Garden” (1895) is the Zinnia history 
reference most used by present day grow- 
ers. This journal cites the double Zinnia 
as having been introduced from the West 
Indies. On the other hand the publica- 
tion, “La Belgique Horticole,” (1861) 
established a prior record that is more 
complete. It asserted that the double Zin- 
nia seed was received by Carter and Hol- 
burn of England and Grazan, a horticul- 
turist of Bagneres, France, from a corres- 
pondent of the province ‘‘Oude,”” (Oudh), 
British India, in “Gartenflora’’ 
(1862) confirms the seed source. Vilmorin 
and Co. obtained seed from Grazan. 

Gardeners’ Chronicle” (1860) re- 
ceived a shipment of cut double Zinnias 
from Vilmorin and Co., which was de- 
scribed as being very similar to the double 
“pompome chrysanthemum.” The flowers 
measured from two to three inches in 
diameter, and exhibited colors of “purple, 
deep rose, light rose, rose striped, red 
orange red, orange, buff, and various 
shades of these colors.’’ The rays displayed 
a metallic sheen. 

The double form originally was given 
the title of Z. elegans ‘Flore Pleno.’ Ac- 
cording to Weddle (1945) later synonyms 
of this double are as follows: Z. ‘Pumila,’ 
Z. ‘Cut and Come Again’ and Z. ‘Cut and 
Come Again’ dwarf. 

In 1874, Haage and Schmidt intro- 
duced a dahlia-flowered cultivar, Z. e/e- 
gans ‘Flore Pleno’ (“‘Gartenflora” 1874). 
Evidently this form did not become estab- 
lished at the time, for Bodger Seed Com- 
’s ‘Giant Dahlia’ introduction in 
im 
portant trend in plant habit and flower 
form (Weddle 1945). 

r. Lorenz of Erfurt, Germany, de- 
veloped the first ‘Giant Mammoth’ strain. 
It was released in 1886 under the exhaus- 
tive title of Z. elegans ‘Robusta Grande- 
flora Plenissima’ (“‘Gartenflora’” 1886)! 
The plants, which ranged from twenty- 
eight to forty inches in height, produced 


flower heads measuring up to six inches 


LEAVES 


in diameter. The influence of the ‘Giant 


serious 
the form has not become fixed; (2) the 
are only a few true colors offered. (We 
dle 1945). : 
Perhaps the forerunner of the moder 
‘Giants of California’ was the flat-heade 
‘Tagetes’ flowered cultivar. “Revue Hort 
cole” (1896) reported it as a new Frenc 
introduction. 


under the name of ‘Frisé.) “Revue 
cole’ (1904) records ‘Frisé’ as hav 
been developed by Herb of France. Se 
eral other recent cultivars have utiliz 
this mutant by varying the habit of 
plant and the compositional form of t 
heads. 4 
The ‘Cactus’ flowered Zinnia made its 
appearance in France in 1914 (“Rev 
Horticole” 1914). The rays are 


the case of Z. elegans, the natural, sing ei 
flowered forms spread throughout the 
gardens of Europe as a New World cu 


flora” 1871, 1872). Even though lat 
stock improvements have been introdu 
cultivars of this species have nevet beco 
extensively valued as garden subjects. 


ee a, ee “a ae i ie - a eh a 


iieinii 


AUTUMN 1954 


Weddle (1945) remarks that ‘Navajo’ 
or the ‘Gaillardia’ flowered cultivar “‘arose 
from crossing Z. elegans with Z, angusti- 
folia.” Evidence has not been found to 
substantiate this statement. “Revue Horti- 
cole” (1914) described ‘Gaillardia’ as a 
newly developed form but did not men- 
tion a possible hybrid parentage. The 
heads are larger than those typical of the 
species; however, this increase in size 
probably has come about by means of sev- 
eral mutations similar to those which may 
have produced Z. elegans ‘Robusta.’ 

(C) ELEGANS - ANGUSTIFOLIA 
HYBRIDS—The importance of Z. an- 


parent. Focke 


Parent in a 
cinea.’* Lillé obtained one “‘very florifer- 
ous” F, progeny and seventeen F,'s which 


appeared 


It should be noted that all of the above 
forms were smaller in habit and flower 
head than Z. elegans ‘Flore Pleno.’ The 
eee 


"Records of the exact date of this cross have 
owever, it might be pos 


81 


question might be asked whether all of 
the dwarf Z. elegans cultivars received 
their diminutiveness from Z. angustifolia 
or whether the characterization has been 
derived partially from a Z. elegans dwarf 
mutant. So far there does not seem to be 
any complete answer to this question. 
Literature supplying substantial evidence 
of a elegans mutation warfness 
has not been found. Until such evidence 
comes to light, it may be assumed that the 
cultivars ranging between Z. elegans and 


ancestry. The reciprocal cross of the ‘Dar- 
wini’ hybrid was accomplished in 1887 
when Z. elegans ‘Alba Flore Pleno Tom 
Thumb’ became the cultivar hybrid of 
Q Z. elegans ‘Nana Flore Pleno’ x ¢ 
Z. angustifolia ‘Flore Pleno’ (‘‘Garten- 
flora” 1887). Supposedly this cultivar is 
composed of the largest flowers on the 
smallest plant, but so far this ideal has 
been attained only in a few individuals 
(Weddle 1945). 

There are three small-flowered elegans- 
angustifolia cultivars whose ancestry and 


cole” (1889) reported that Vilmorin in- 
troduced the new form ‘Lilliput.’ ‘Nains 
Pompons’ was developed by Ch. Molin of 
France and introduced by Vilmorin- 
Andrieux and Co. in 1892 (‘Revue Horti- 
cole” 1892), but Weddle (1945) claims 
‘Pompon’ to be another ‘Lilliput.’ To 


very small ‘Cupid’ has been found, there 
is a possibility that “Nains Lilliput’ was 
the prior name for this cultivar. 
The most recently recorded elegans- 
angustifolia hybridization occurred in 
rance in 1910. “Revue Horticole” 
(1910) reported that “a new race of 


Except for this brief reference, the history 
of the group appears to be lost. 


82 LASCA LEAVES 


MODERN CULTIVARS MODERN CULTIVARS MODERN CULTIVARS - 


; | d : 
Giant Dahlia’ 4 
19 19 ie ‘ 4 
A 4 
C A eek d ‘ 4 
he Hybrid Varié Ga pas . 
‘Frisé . 
"Tagetes ; 
1I89G 
. | 
Scabiosa , ee | 

IB9 Nains Ll iput 

N94 

Nita Dexeparis 
IB92 
‘Lilliput 
1889 
*Robusta “Tom Thumb 
ee a 1887 | 
‘Dahlia Sanur ‘Flore Pleno 
I874 1816 a7 | 
| ‘NanaFloré Pleno® 
= Recorded ‘Flore Pleno’ se fe ; 
line of inheritance i858 inearial 
Fs 
aha = Postulated a ‘ 638 
line of inheritance Coceinea | 
ad Z. anoustifolia 

Z. elegans i825 
1(96# 


. Diagram showing the date of origin and the line ot inheritance of Zinnia 
sien o species to IQ|O 


(D) ZINNIA LINEARIS—The Mexi- grew, “hundreds of thousands of seed 
can species, Z. Jinearis, has remained in lings’ in search of henotypic vari 
cultivation since its English introduction which might be of horticultural vidual 
in 1838, without exhibiting any major grown, only two cases of variation We 
morphological variations. In Alipore, found, and these were color changes o' 
India, Percy-Lancaster (1944) annually minor importance. 


: 
ts 
| 
| 


AUTUMN 1954 


homogeneity and non-contami- 


Zinnias, n=12 (Beeks 1954) 


Andrews, 


p A 
Bailey, L. H. 1925 


Covaniles = a8 


Focke, 


‘Cae eners’ Chronicle.” 


Nat 


1954, 
ies 


bike 
“Florist. and ‘Pomoiogist.” 


LITERATURE CITED 
H. 1797. Botanist’s Repository 1: 
ep: 


Bese flee ae oe 
ed. 4-354 


of Culti- 
t ae Clare- 
‘ Note es “ig 
: 201-202, 
L7G. ca de Steed 


1876: 2 


8-30, fig. 
ie Pflanz Seis 


i re 196. "Gebrider Romthact, Ber- 


he Garden,”” 1895: 464 


-465. 
1860: 851-852. 


BIRD 


ional ence aphic bie as Volk 54, 
cy , 1954, offer 


eal Personalities” a 


Canada, under Canadian government au- 
thority.) 

“Bluebirds on the Wing in Color’—Ber- 
nard Corby and H. R. Ivor. 16 sige a- 


Birds at Smithsonian 
Instit tution, Washin on 


io : 
Nature Magazin ne, Vol. 47, No. 5. May, 


‘Eric oer ropene Top Nature 


Photographer” —Jam er, who sug- 
ie that perhaps t hes re ie no such thing 
‘the best nature photographer,” since 


“Gartenflora.”’ 1862: 76-77. 
« ROLE 


; oaGe 
: 45-46, fig. 
4s 16: 


: 80-83, fig. 
: 641-642, fig. 
7: 641, fig. 


* 


ode of ee 1952 
m oh eam hide 9 Chronica Bo- 


tanica 
“International Code of ‘iain ee for Culti- 
Plants’ 1952. in W. T. Stearn. The 


Row, ort. S 
Percy-Lancaster, S. 1 . ‘Improvements of 
Annuals in India. Indian Jour. of Hort 


“Revue de L'Horticulture Belge.” 1894, 20: 
153, pl. E 
“Revue Horticole.” 1889: 252-253, pl. 
1892: 460. 
———. 1895: 443 
———. 1896: 466 
——.. 1904: 


904: 518 
1910: 509. 510, fig. 214. 


United sates Beak of Agric. 1937. Yearbook 
of Agriculture. Improvement of flowers by 
at ing. . 905-906. U. a Govt. Print- 
ing O Washington, D. C 

Weddle, Chaies 1945. The clegant prea 
Nat. t. Mag., April, 1945: 83- 


NOTES 


the work - oe bing is on a par 

“the brilliant 
ee Americans, 
er and Peterson, 


w. 
Plebians’”” — E. urence 


No 
~ 


The A 

conducts the School Page in Nature Mag- 

azine. 

—— n the above mentioned issue of 
a 


ue publi shed 
G amera’’—Dr. thur 
nithologist at Co 


en, _ Or- 


az d by Gil- 
; publishe ty a 
ogr j Illustrations include 3 
from natural color photographs. $7.50 in U 5. 
and pos cnn: ari ke $7.75; postpaid, 


84 LASCA LEAVES 


CULTIVATION OF METASEQUOIA 


MAUNSELL VAN RENSSELAER, Director Saratoga Horticultural Foundation 


SIX YEARS have now passed since Meta- 
sequoia glyptostroboides, popularly known 
as the dawn redwood, was introduced into 
the gardens of North America. During 
this period, horticulturists have had an 
opportunity to wo 


and arboreta in various parts of the Pacific 
Coast, and hundreds more are being 
planted each year. 

The fascinating story of the discovery 
in China of the dawn redwood and its 
subsequent introduction in 1948 to North 
America and other parts of the world has 
been reported in many horticultural journ- 
nals and periodicals during the past few 
years. A recently published paper in Swe- 
den lists one hundred thirty-seven articles 
about the tree from eighteen countries, in 
fourteen languages. 

Known previously only in the fossil 
record, this remarkable deciduous red- 


circles by the chance discovery in 1944 of 
several hundred living representatives of 
the species in a vigorous, healthy condi- 
tion in a remote part of Szechuan Province 
in central China. Studies of fossil stems, 
leaves, and cones, some of which have 
been well-preserved, convince investiga- 
tors that this species was once widely dis- 
tributed over Asia an orth America. 
Now it is apparently confined, in remnant 
colonies, to a small area some 300 square 
miles in extent. 


When Dr. E. D. Merrill, former Di- 
rector of the Arnold Arboretum in Mas-— 


the outside world, some two quarts in 4 
quantity, arrived at the Arnold Arboretum | 
in January, 1948. Seeds planted the day 

they reached the Arboretum began to | 
germinate in less than two weeks. Later 

in the same spring, Dr. Ralph W. Chaney, 
of Cali- 


tributed throughout the world by the Arn- 
old Arboretum and by the Save-the-Red- 
woods League. Wherever the species has 
flourished under conditions of cultivation, 
it has proved to be a vigorous, fapicy | 
growing tree, at least in its youth; reports | 
of growth of three to four feet a year are — 
common. _ 
Of interest to western horticulturists 15° 
the dawn redwood differs 


its leaves for several years. ‘awn 
ing in late autumn, the leaves of the daw? — 
redwood assume a bronzy hue. 


are symmetrically arranged in OPP 


Ane a ee Se a a 


ee ee ee ee kis ee eS <n 9S a a SE To A ST OE ee 


AUTUMN 1954 85 


pairs with each pair standing at right 
angles to the pair below. 4. The ovulate 
cones of the dawn redwood are borne on 
long naked stems, while the staminate 


Metasequoia has found the Pacific 
Coast to its liking. The tallest specimen 
in North America, according to Dr. 
Chaney, is in the garden of Mr. and Mrs. 
James R. Brehm, at Pasadena, California, 
growing on a sunny, moist, well-drained 
hillslope facing southeast. When planted 
in March, 1949, it was a fifteen-inch seed- 
ling. In September, 1952, it was measured 

y Mr. Brehm and found to be twenty- 
four feet in height—an average seasonal 
growth of nearly six feet. During the 
next year, it increased only two feet in 
height so that in September, 1953, it was 
twenty-six feet tall. When I examined the 
tree in May, 1952, I found most of the 
gtowth to be upright, without normal 
lateral growth, so that it is much more 
slender than the average of its species, 
most of which 


— is not so rapid as in California 
oo condition of slower growth will 


Oubtless prove an advantage, with the 
Probability of more shapely trees. Fine 


specimens, from five to ten feet tall, are 
growing in that region. Two of the 4- 
year-old specimens in the Hoyt Arbore- 
tum in Portland produced cones in 1952, 
and this is said to be the first fruiting 
occurrence of the species since its return 
to North America. 

Within a few months after the germi- 
nation of the first seeds of Metaseguoia 
at the Arnold Arboretum, it was found 
that asexual reproduction of the species 
was possible. Since then, propagation by 
mon practice. 


tings were taken in August, 1951, at the 
Saratoga Horticultural Foundation and 
placed in the propagating greenhouse in 
a medium of spongerok, without bottom 
heat. These began to root in less than 
three weeks and were potted in the fifth 
week. In one year, these vigorous plants 


time from June August. 
the seed supply in this country has long 
been exhausted and since, under present 
conditions, it is impossible to obtain addi- 
tional seeds from China, it is indeed for- 
tunate that the dawn redwood may be re- 
produced vegetatively in quantity from 
the living specimens now on hand. In the 
interest of wider distribution of the spe- 
cies, it should be reported that the tree is 
listed by many nurseries throughout the 
United States. 

Because of the probable ultimate size 
of cultivated specimens of dawn redwood, 
it is doubtful that the tree has a place in 
the average home garden. However, its 
fascinating history and potential educa- 
tional value, coupled with the widespread 
popular interest in its unique qualities, 
make it a valuable exhibition subject. 
Now that it is readily available, it should 


86 LASCA 
be widely planted, preferably in groves, 
in public grounds and parks in all regions 
where it thrives. Deep loamy soil and 
ample moisture are desirable for healthy 
growth. Very little fertilizer is siseeré 
An example of the sort o mental 
plantation that should be Le some- 

where in California is described in a re- 


LEAVES 


port of a single forest planting of some 
2000 trees on a selected site in Great 
Britai 


Pe The Saratoga Horticultural Founda- 

, Saratoga, Calif., held its thir : annual 

sia a ees ee on Sept. 25, 1954. 

The Foundation, a poe Haro spe- 

cializes in growing sleet pee of shade trees 
and native shrubs. 


Spear Lily (Doryanthes Palmeri W. Hill) 


AUSTRALIAN COUNTERPART OF THE AMERICAN 
AGAVE AND FURCRAEA 


WILLIAM HERTRICH 


The language of ancient Greece pro- 
vides derivation of the generic name of 
our subject, Doryanthes Palmeri W. Hill 
(Dory, " ’ anthos,' 


native habitat. 
Doryanthes Palmeri belongs to the Am- 
aryllis family (Amaryllidaceae) and is re- 
lated to Furcraeas and Beschonerias, ome 
species of which are grown in the Hun 


D. i is 
s flowere ed 
in 


ington Botanical Gardens. 

indigenous to Australia, and w 
for the first time as a iieied pay 
she oo Garden at Brisbane, in Sep- 


sexilibie 
ent of thie Brisbane Garden, 
the plant on one of his botanical explora- 
tion trips in the year 1860 near Moreton 
Bay, Queensland. 


~ * 


_ 


YE Ot le Eh att NSE oA Ls aaa el a es ea 


- 


AUTUMN 1954 


Another species, D. excelso Correa, less 
spectacular than D. Palmeri, preceded the 
former into cultivation, and was first de- 
scribed and illustrated in Curtis Botanical 

t flo 


r at the 


ew from 
d’’—former name of Aus- 
tralia—in cut form many months before. 
This demonstrates the tenacity of the stock 
of the plant to retain life under most ad- 
verse conditions. A parallel case of such 
an instance is cited with regard to Yucca 
(flifera) australis, Curtis Botanical Mag- 
azine, t. 7197, 1891: 

“The trunk was sent to Kew in October, 
1888, by Mr. C. G. Pringle from Mon- 
terey, through Professor Sargent. When it 
arrived at Kew, it apepared to be quite 
dead, and the trunk was consequently 


rosette of about one hundred leaves: of a 
800d green color, surfaces ribbed, flexible, 


ot inches maximum width, Sage from 
€ center toward both ends, margins 


87 


smooth, no end spines. 

he stock supporting the cluster of 
flowers reaches a height of from six to 
nine feet and is three to four inches thick. 
The crimson flowers, white within, form 
a rather compact inflorescence, and are 


about two months. The plant is of con- 
siderable value in landscape work, in 
grouping with other foliage plants, or as 
single specimens, being especially attrac- 
tive for patio plantings 

In southern California, Doryanthes 
grows well in various types of soil, and 


luxuriant growth, leaves become longer 
and slightly broader and perhaps more 
numerous. 

A third species, D. Guilfoylei, F. M. 
Bailey, perhaps a form of D. Palmeri, 
from North Queensland, known there as 
Queensland Lily, is described as being 


up to nine feet long, flowers 
son, to four inches long, and yielding a 
ood fibre from its leaves. 

References to these several plants, in 
addition to those cited above, may be 
found as follows: 

D. Palmeri, Curtis Botanical Magazine, 
t. 6665, 1883: detailed description, refer- 
ences to other works, double page illus- 
tration. 

D. Palmeri. Desert. 1931. Cover illus- 
tration and reference, p. 8. 

. Palmeri, Gardeners’ Chronicle, NS 
Vol. I, Feb. 7, 1874, p. 181, figs. 44, 45. 

D. excelsa, var. Guilfoylei, Gardeners’ 
Chronicle, Vol. XLV. Part I, June 12, 
1909, p. 384, fig. 168, showing an in- 
florescence more like that of D. Palmer 
than of D. excelsa. Leaves in this illus- 
tration—i.e, fig. 168,—also appear to be 
slightly ribbed, although the description 
does not mention the fact. 


88 LASCA LEAVES 


| | } 
fi 
, 
! 


» YY 


= 
= 


af, 
Oh, 
: en 
— a Y 
<— 


ita (The Sausage Tree). Original Scratch 
54 of Lasca Leaves (p. 51) featu 


Soard by Alfred Cc. Hottes. 
red a brief paper, 
lia pinnata),” by Mildred 


ler issue | ( 
['rees in Southern California I. Th jvelia pinnata), 
Matl M Sketch is an especially worthy 


A « 
Mathias. Mr. Hottes’s Scratchl 
posts 


we 


uid Liab Sloe aye: Maree WE ey iT ey ee rae Lee kee Lae Aim Cee th Oe ne Lee 
aie — 


= 


AUTUMN 1954 89 


CAL-POLY 
Practical contributions to horticulture 


Howarp S. BROWN 


THE W. K. KELLOGG ranch at Pomona 
with its famous Arabian horses and en- 
joyable Sunday horse shows is known to 
Southern Californians and many others 
throughout the country. Visitors are fre- 
quently surprised to learn this is a college 


. Kellogg Foundation in 
1949. Approximately one air-mile away, 
near the town of San Dimas, is one of the 
most beautiful college campuses in the 
country. Home-like dormitories  sur- 


ry. The pur- 
pose of the college is to prepare students 
for Specific jobs within their realm o 
interest. The curriculum developed to at- 
tain this objective is somewhat unconven- 


oo and been called side 
ae In essence it allows students to 
ake “‘doing’’ courses as freshmen, con- 


years. Ample instruction in the practical 
Phases of the student's field are given 
during the first two years with the more 
advanced general courses being i 


th 


At whatever 
evel the student leaves Cal-Poly, he 
“atries with him skills that will enable 


him better to earn his living. Of course, 
the further he goes the better prepared he 
will be. If he completes the paar 
program, completing all requirements set 
forth by the State Department of Educa- 
tion, the Bachelor of Science Degree is 
awarded. 

The requirements of the job determine 
the educational experiences offered. 
" ” instruction is stressed. 


ated by the students and finance 
college foundation. After producing a 
flower or vegetable crop or managing one 
of the college’s citrus groves, handling the 
sales, keeping records of costs and de- 
termining profit, a student has gained 
knowledge of the problems he will face 
in the future. This combination of “learn 
by doing’ and “earn while learning” 
philcsophies not only enables the student 
to earn while doing work directly related 
to his major academic interest, but also 
creates an added incentive for more rapid 
acquisition of further skills and knowl- 
edge to the end that the project will be 
more profitable. Earning is not limited to 
the project system alone, but extends to 
all possible campus jobs, gardening, main- 
tenance, farming, etc., enabling the stu- 
dent to work his way through college. 
After college the student starts work on a 
job with the confidence that comes from 
experience and ‘know how.” 

The objectives of the Ornamental Horti- 
cultural Department are: to train men in 
the various skills and techniques for posi- 
tions in the growing, wholesaling and re- 
tailing phases of the nursery business and 
in the cut flower industry; maintenance 


90 LASCA 


gardening ; ‘ite and estate Kao ata 
landscape design and landscape contract- 


ing. Two ith houses, hee Seana 
propagation house, design laboratory, 
two-acre nursery, one and one-half acres 


of cut flowers and an extensive collection 
of plant material on both 3 ae and 
Voorhis campuses are at t ent’s dis 
posal. Students are given reat and 
training in all phases of nursery work in- 
cluding planting, propagation, potting, 
nein gece balling sic pest and disease 
trol. Practical experience and instruc- 
tion on maintenance pra is given 
by demonstrations and work on the two 
campuses. Each year specific areas of the 
campus are selected for landscape projects. 
The students carry the project from be- 
ginning to end: survey the site, draw the 
plans, ae planting lists, and doing the 
actual construction and planting of the 
project. Flowers grown in the commercial 


ta ake: courtesy of Howard S. Brown, 


Campus of the California State Polytechnic ea 


LEAVES 


flower growing class are used to decorate 
the college’s float in the Pasadena Rose 
Parade. The department exhibits in the 
Los Angeles County Fair, in the various 
flower shows, and maintains a test garden 
of several hundred ag eee for the Po- 
mona Valley Camellia Soc 

Because of the eae value to the 
fruit industry in California there is con- 
stant demand for services of well- 
trained men in its various activities. The 
fruit production seen co ei stu- 
dents to meet these needs. ixty-five 
acres of citrus, twenty acres a svouodil 
and five acres of deciduous 
handled entirely by a students. 
the techniques and skills of grove opera- 
tion, the students are instructed in land 
preparation, propagation, top working, 
cultivation, fertilization, irrigation, har- 
vesting and pest and disease control. They 
are placed in packing houses to learn all 


Calif. 


Claremont, 


in the foothills of the 


Sierra Madre Mountain Ran 


See ey 


a 


Ba ag Sat ha ee Cate a ae ade Oe ae ick ac a 


AUTUMN 1954 91 


ena of this operation and they take 
trips to commercial groves, production 
plants, and experiment stations. any 
pieces of farm equipment are available for 


machi ines, 


Students in the general nae produc- 
undred acres 
of crop land and the Aohsiie equipment 
Id and vegetable crops 
at their disposal. Instruction in all phases 
of crop production are given and field 
trips to neighboring farms and experiment 
tata are taken to widen the student’s 
know onee 


plus its close proximity to the Los An- 
and flower markets 


partment prepares students for civil serv- 
\c€ positions such as agricultural or plant 
quarantine inspectors with the county, 
state and federal agencies; sales service 
fepresentatives of agricultural RT 
crop marketing industries; and w 

in ae and agricultural pest al 
Operati ns, 

The a science department provides 
training ros all the students at the college 
and prepares majors in soils for occupa- 
tions in that field. The students gain a 

working knowledge of soils through 


[In order that men may learn to be satisfied] . . 
. the life of domestic affection and domestic 
d kind pleasure; therefore chiefly to the 
hall find that the love of n nature, wherever it has 


art of joy and a humble life . 


sensitiveness to all el ements of eg an 


loveline ess of the natural w 


actual experience and training in soil 
mapping, soil analysis, sine et ies 
and conservation practices. All students 


knowledge to the sant that esos 
the horticulturist and far 

Animal husbandry Hine recently been 
added to the curriculum, and as the col- 
lege expands, majors in hepa busi- 
ness administration, poultry, dairy hus- 
bandry, and e€ economics are con- 
templated. 

In addition to work in the major field, 
background courses in the a 
physical, and social sciences round o 
the academic program. A complete ie 
letic program in both major and minor 
sports and an intramural program is of- 
fered. Social activities such as dances, 


has made its contribution to 
editucs horticulture in the form of 
young men trained to perform their ~ 
well. As the college grows it will c 
tinue to do this on an ever- hecbrom 
scale. 


‘it is necessary fully to understand the 
e, full of 


We 
existed, has been a faithful poe pobati ae of feelin 


JOHN R 
“Fro es Aarsies” 


a2 LASCA LEAVES 


LOS ANGELES BEAUTIFUL 


Mrs. VALLEY M. KNUDSON 


As Los ANGELES grows, shall it become 
a less attractive place in which to live and 
work? As the city’s industry increases, 
shall its appeal to visitors decrease? As 
our vast network of highways extend, 
shall they represent merely more miles of 
littered roadside, more unsightly shacks, 
assorted signs and abandoned-car dumps ? 

Or shall this ‘land of the angels’’ be- 
come an ever more beautiful area of un- 
blemished highways, park-like boulevards, 
clean streets, restricted, well-maintained 
advertising, and smartly maintained com- 
mercial establishments ? 

Los Angeles Beautiful calls upon every 
citizen to help find the best answers to 
these questions. 

Los Angeles Beautiful, founded in 


a 

than one-hundred and fifty organizations 
are afhliated with Los Angeles Beautiful. 
Its Executive Committee consists of men 
a men in business, industry, govern- 
ment and organized groups. 

Los Angeles Beautiful plans and de- 
ity-wide programs, 

ublic-spirited 
citizens to build the beautiful Los Angeles 
of their dreams. It has special legislative 
committees that work with civic groups 
and with public officials on such problems 
as rubbish disposal, regulation of bill- 
boards on our new freeways, smog abate- 
ment, and rehabilitation of sub-standard 
housing. 

Other Los Angeles Beautiful commit- 
tees spearhead programs to interest own- 
ers and occupants of housing units to 
beautify and maintain their premises, to 
alert citizens to keep the streets clean by 


moving vehicles. 
concerns itself with the 


tional Flower Show are attracting an ever — 
widening circle of home-owner in st. 
Los Angeles Beautiful cooperates with 
the Municipal Art Commission in arrang-— 
City’ Week, to arouse — 


alike new interest and civic pride. It con 
ducts an annual ‘Industry Can be Beau 


beautify their surroundings. 
conducted a contest to select the off! 
city flower; Bird of Paradise (Strelit 
Reginae) was chosen. 7 


A year-round program of civic observ : 


, 


Organizations. : di 
observed by tree planting ceremonies anc” 
ree Week. 


Beautiful’ month, 
day observance of the city has become 
regular civic event. 


AUTUMN 1954 93 


A special committee to coordinate Civic 
Services is working for a charter amend- 
ment that will integrate the efforts of all 
city departments along city beautification 
lines, 

os Angeles Beautiful needs the active 
interest and help of every resident of the 
city and county. There are no limits to 
membership, no dues, no assessments or 
formalities in joining. Every civic, busi- 
ness, professional and individual organi- 


zation, every church and youth group, 

men’s club is invited to become 
affiliated, and from time to time will be 
notified as to how it can assist with specific 


projects. 
The work of Los ah ted pee aics = 
just begun. It will continue and g 


our city grows and aevclone sta) ‘s ors 
ways to w to its program the civic 
efforts of all residents and of all groups 
and organizations who share our said of 
tomorrow's Los Angeles Beautiful. 


GROWING NOTES 
GEORGE H. SPALDING 


A germination report on seed of various rare or little — ee of plants 
3, p. 24.) T 


appeared in this column in 1951. (Lasca Leaves Vol. 1, No. 


he following 


list is presented as a continuation of the first report and the species listed do not 


duplicate the previous list. 
seed are always treated with boiling water. 


NAME TIME—DAYS 
Abies mariesii 7-16 
Abroma augusta 10 
x Abutilon 
‘Golden Fleece’ 12 
Abutilon auratum 9 
hirsutum 30 
x, milleri 12 
palmeri 3-5 
reginellii 4 
vitifolium 12 
Acacia alata 5 
alpina 27 
armata aD 
aroma 4 
ariens 43 
brachystach ya 9 
>, 
4 
calamifolia 6 
cavenia 10-21 
crassiuscula 5-8 
cultriformis 10 
cyanophylla 16 
decurrens 6 
dentifera 6 
color 12 
dunnii 26 
elata 8-12 
ephedroides 4 
excelsa 13 


giraffae aa 


he germinating medium used was the same. All Acacia 


NAME TIME—DAYS 
Acacia—continued 


gladiformis 4-6 
glandulicarpa 33-54 
glaucopt 12 
gnidium 13 
gr sist LE 
eroclita 10-19 
Romairbie 5 
wittit 6-31 
iteaphylla 5 
onesii Zr 
kempeana 6 
a 9 
latifolia 6-12 
gape Ssh 10-45 
melanoxylon 15 
myrtifolia 12-15 
obtusata 2 
penninervis 18 
podalyr. iaefolia 6-15 
pravissima 7 
pulchella 10 
raddiana 5-7 
rigens 14 
rubida 8 
saligna 5 
Scorpioides 6 
Spinescens 9 
Spirocarpa 4-5 
steed manii 9 
stenophylla 13 


94 LASCA LEAVES 


NAME TIME—DAYS 
Acacia—continued 
suaveolens 9 
ipa * 
trineura 6 
triptera 6 
Acanthostachys 
strobilacea 16 
Acer davidii 81 
negundo 4-18 
Acidanthera murielae 17 
Acroclinium roseum 4 
Adansonia digitata 10 


Adenanthera pavonia 16 

Adenium Boehmianum 7-9 

Adenocarpus complicatus 6 

Adonidia merrillii 101 

Aesculus pavia humilis 30 
apanthus 


longispathus —_23 
16-3 


A. orientalis 0 
pendulus 30 
umbellatus var. 

mooreanus MT 
weillighit 22 

Agathis robusta 186 

Agati grandiflora 4 

Agave striata 10 
victoride 16 

Agonis flexuosa 37 

Alangium chinense 15 

Alberta magna -37 

Albizzia julibrissin var. 

rosea 7-9 
lebbekoides 10 
Stipulata 13-16 


Alectryon subcinereum 21 


COVER PICTURE 
Magnolia edie inteng indigenous to south- 
eastern United § It forms a tree 30-50 ft. 
in height, with spreading branches ; is some- 
voor — to as “Large-leave - 


tO:3 ft. 
length by about 6 in. broad, light green above, 
glaucous on the underside. Flowers are slightly 
fragrant, somewhat cup-shaped, and often up to 


NAME TIME—DAYS 
Aleurites triloba 48 
Allium fistulosum 8 
avum 10 
odorum 13 
unifolium 4 
Alnus japonica -13 


Aloe andringitrensis 13 
9 


arborescens 
broomii a7 
candelabrum 16 
castanea 8 
cryptopoda 7 
avyana 2 
eckliensis 13-14 
osteri Et 
ens atl 10 
ongibracteata ; 
marlothit 6-12 
mund enensis 8 
petricol 7 
pretoriensis Th 
mOSA 13 
recurviflora 8 
reuzil 7 
rubrolutea 9-11 
sessiliflora 7F1zZ 

Wickensii 
Alonsoa warscewiczit 8 

oo 
iolacea 12-16 
Baia: armeniaca 5 
hohenackeri 10 
Kragujevacensis 5 
rosea 6 
taurinensis 15 
Alyxia daphoides 38 


in. in diameter; white aot AN a purpl 


121i 

cast toward the center. a ae diflora flow 
are recorded as about in. across; those 
M. macrophylla are aad to be larger by by 
The rt photographed is th 


a1 a 
Il. 


“Science, indeed, has ps ee so many new facts about life and the world it eure 
ny Lara = = to be confused. To 


et information and true 


on, to desc it, perhaps in the 


it. “The lens that discloses a a ary nar its mea 


name a phe . 
espise 2 is not peceisaidy to poe 
ing.’ 


JOHN HopcGpDON BRADLEY 
“Patterns of Survival” 


a OS MORE «Pad tecee aks a OM Eh 9 aegt e Bl cat CIRCE hr erie Ru aie hee Meriden 8 dine Ay: Re nl Ween. en NIE Tay faa 


_ 


AUTUMN 1954 95 


CALENDAR 
Herb Society of America, 7 hoi 2 a Ste 


Unit: regular meetings on the 1st Monday of 
each month, at the home é members. October 
meeting to evoted to the use of herbs = 


ardson 
oyd 


Tad. Santa Monica Blvd., 
oe half way vag La Brea ir- 
fax), 1- 5 p.m., H aig OK School, 


Los Angeles Branch of the nado Begonia 
Se recently organized, meets the 4th 
Wednesday of each month, ag at 11:30 
. : sheo i 


pS . 
lla ict Presi- 


Southern er digit Camellia ee 
should be taken of the chan ge in| a 
Place of peice 


note 
e and 


at the San 


eve 
Sor 
~ be ei i by thove ‘otis come early 


e 
0 p.m., when the meeting 


Poh Ttural Institute: 
s meeting should be 
A eeti 


under the 
ano neg University 


that this 


atop ’ tanical p P as 
our general readers, by | isting data con- 
cerning place and date of meeting, program 


subject, and other pertinent subject matter, 
within the quarterly period covered by issue e of 
se Ist, April 1st, Ju 


Foundation, ee Shade Calif 


NAMES, NOTES AND NEWS 
Helmut Paulo Krug, Servico, SAo egy Brasil, 
visited pss A Scitvnn darine August 1954. Dr. 

is in charge of Plant Introductions for 
He has been in 


t the Armstrong Nursery in 
Russell J. Seibert made an extended trip 
through some of tis E 
ncluding in his itin 

Lou 


arden, 
Introduction Section of t 
of Agriculture, Beltsville, Md, ‘the ie Intro- 
duction Gardens, Glenn Dale, es ivi- 


Fla. He 
gardens, in — Carolina, Florida, Georgia, 
and Ala . 

Desa ae rdens are now part of the Parks 
ment of Los Angeles 


and en ay the public every day 
of the year from m. until 4:00 p. 
m of e nd improvement is 


improvements ing place, w 
have never visited the Gardens will find i 
seit ng experience 
s year, i the aa time, we have set 
wide a specific area per the use of garden and 
ub groups of from 25 to 100. There are 


welcome to bring picnic lunches. Or, if de- 
sired, arrangements may be made oe a catering 


We feel Mom this will be added attraction 
rti- 


or 
culture, since be will now be able to combine 
oO e Gardens with a regular clu 
eeting. The admission will continue to be 50c 
per person, with no charge for the use of the 
meeting place. you like, the services of 
uide will be provided; otherwis 
wander through ripe — independently. 
Reservation wi a be made in the order received. 


relea oe ori Threlkeld, Acting 
Superintendent, PE hate ‘Godse La Catiada, 
Californ 


96 LASCA 


aa tobe FLOWER BOOKS 


One mmon requests of visitors at 
the Sa os “Babar Botanic Garden is for a ee k 
on western wildflowers, written pular 
level sod allustratd with colored plates, “That 

ma 


r 
ethods of plant 
d an awareness of the characters 
which distinguish plants from each other 


Svenska Vaxter which is a popular but tech- 
ically accurate he k of Swedish wildflowers 
has a 85,000 c a hare its first printing = 

1944. To hope that eo li will mee 
with a similar sale is ai 3 
pect. It is oni hoped, 
mand for them will be suffic jaa great to ica 
rant publication of a similar hee for the 
western states 


The Mareilien Wild Flower Book—Text by 
J. Hylander, illustrations a Edith 
n. The Macmillan Co., 1954. 
pp. including 232 gi peri 
4 ae gt line drawings. 814” 10%”. 


$15 

es his exceedingly handsome volume includes 
reproductions and descriptions of 500 flowering 
plants of the op d States from “the east coast 
to the 
fro 


amily i 
ductory discussion pre- 
d in ae t Ausnieok: 
se of botanical names 


o the flower families in the 
owe should oo Py help to oe beginning plant 


ign with botanical detail to a tah 
degree and f work put into the 
paintings shone ear 


VoL 
t . shies improved by group- 
ing all specie € genus together as has 
been done for ae text descriptions. 


LEAVES 


Most of the a represented are from the 
east and midw only a few caching 
eg10 


mention in iets tur 
Wild Flowers 


text by H ; 
rah wt pp. " 400 colored plates. gi” x 
$10. 

The portfolio set 2 hoc sighs Walcott 
superb paintings o wild flowers ~ 
which was published ee the “Smithsonian In- 

i nsiv 


- 


paintings were done b s. Wolcott on numet- 
s trips wi r geologist husband to all 
parts of the United States, and include some 
ommon wild ers lov y 
s as some of eautiful species 
seldom seen because of thei ity. Approx 
mately one-fourth of the plates represent species 
found on the Pacific Coast while about one-fif 
occur in California. Twenty of the original 
s have been replaced i volume by 
oO 


C 

unfortunate saa og of the beau 
original paint has been lost through cuca 7 
reproduction and slightly dulled colors. : 
are still attractive, however, and should have 
reat appeal. a 
The ue of the plates is enhanced by the 
editing and text of H. W. Rickett who has 
? hai a lifetime of a 

plate 


arrangement acc 
the descriptive text includes a 
ization of the gta as well as a short account 

each species included. The 
supplement vif illustrations and a 
according to the introduction, “‘to ‘all attention 
o the  aniioa! “features which distinguish @ 


species See its relatives.” Geographic range 
is given for each Biss 

The in ntroduction Eeatéies to the layman t 
reason for botanic — Pigs pr rinciples 


plant classification, an structure of ‘ 
ower. A short glossary of ipower terms an 
a ready identification chart for the species in 
the volume are included 


ZL 
ihe In the article, “Cistus = Its Re- 
se 


h 
to thank Mr. Milligan wee bringing 
correction to their notice 


Na etait ot ro ee es 


CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC. 


BOARD OF TRUSTEES 


PROGR Cig <6 Delay oa ae RS, AEE SAMUEL AYRES, JR. 
PFET PONE a se Se a es es Mrs. Harry J. BAUER 
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WINTER 1955 
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WINTER 1955 


Lasca Leaves 
Quarterly publication of the Southern California poreeneal aera and 
the California Arboretum Foundation, Inc ued on the first of 
January, Anal July and Oc feree] 


EDITORIAL COMMITTEE 


ROBERT CASAMAJOR MILDRED MATHIAS 
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JANET WRIGHT, Editor 


VoL. V JANUARY, 1955 No. 1 


CONTENTS 


A New Hybrid Strawberry Ground Cover for Southern California 
Lee W. Lenz 3 


Plant Introductions 1954—Philip Edward Chandler... .page 5, continued on 11 


Air Pollution meee Md Agricultural Cro 
hn T. Middleton, J. a Kendrick, Jr., and E. F. Darley 7 


Arboretum Policy Affecting Public Use of the Arboretum Sa we Neato 1 
A Turfgrass frome’ "Dowp: Under’’... 6.6... eee e eee eee ouis B. Mattia. a 
 & 


Bird Notes) 6605050 se is ey W. Dan Quattlebaum 15 
A Seedsman Looks at Pollinization................00005: Howard Bodger : 
International Flower ShawonIP9S< oe ro ace sss 

Growing Notes is eaid ian she eo George H. Spalding 5 
Peter Riedel henit 17 Ee rn TTA cs oes tee cae 21 
Arboretum: Milestone ie occa eein a Cavs R. J. Seibert 22 
leather ee es eee page 13, continued on 23 


2 LASCA LEAVES 


New hybrid strawb« rry ground cover (see pp. 3-5) 


WINTER 1955 > 


A NEW HYBRID STRAWBERRY GROUND COVER 
FOR SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
LEE W. LENZ 


Geneticist, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, California 


THE APPEARANCE of a new plant suitable 
for use as a ground cover in Southern 
California is always a matter of interest to 
gardeners. In this new hybrid there are 


The use of strawberry as a ground 
cover is not new, and one of the parents 
of this hybrid is the familiar Beach Straw- 
berry (Fragaria chiloensis), a plant which 
has been grown by Californians for many 
years. Indeed we have no record of when 
it was first used as an ornamental. Fragaria 
chiloensis itself is a most interesting spe- 
des not only from the botanical viewpoint 
but because of the role it has played in the 
development o e commercial straw- 
berry cultivated so extensively today. 


0 in 
San Luis Obispo County, California, and 
It occurs again along the western coast of 
South America. It is usually found grow- 
ing in sand or sandy soil along coastal 
bluffs and on sand dunes on the ocean 


Albert F. Etter, a 
Pioneer strawberry breeder and native of 
to 


‘mong the rough grasses and weeds, bat- 
tling harsh exposure to gales and even salt 
Spray from the breakers.” 

One of the first written records we have 
of this plant is that of Garcilaso de la 
i is “Comentarios 


not round, but rather long, in the shape 
of a heart.’”? 

Father Velasco writing in 1789 called 
it frutilla or freza quitense (Quito Straw- 
berry) and said that the fruit was two to 
three times the size of the European 
strawberry. He also added, “It is pro- 
duced throughout the entire year and al- 
though it is common in several provinces, 
in no other is it so abundant, nor so ex- 
cellent, as in that of Ambato.’”? 

town of Ambato, Ecuador, lies at 
an altitude of about 9500 feet and is char- 
acterized by having a dry, cool and equit- 
able climate with sandy soil of volcanic 


the strawberries were still being grown 


once a week throughout the year. 

It might be added: here that plants 
grown at the Rancho Santa Ana Botanic 
Garden from seed collected at Ambato 
have done very poorly and seem to be es- 
pecially susceptible to mildew. 

The introduction of Fragaria chiloensis 
into Europe came about through the 
efforts of a French officer by the name of 

‘Quoted by Wilson Popenoe in ‘The Fru- 


tilla, or Chilean Strawberry,’ Jour. Hered. 12: 
457-466, 1921. 


4 LASCA 


Frezier who visited Chile in 1712. Frezier 
spent some time at Concepcion where he 
became familiar with the local strawberry 
and when he returne ome he took 


Captain was generous and 


Of these the Captain took two and Frezier 
kept three. On his arrival in Paris, Frezier 
says that he gave one of them to his 
friend, the famed botanist, Antoine Jus- 
sieu, to be planted in the Royal Garden. 
One of the plants went to the minister of 
fortifications, and 


which lies off the coast of Chile is one of 
the regions in which the large-fruited 
orm occurs as an indigenous species, and 
the assumption would be that the specific 
name chiloensis was formed from that of 
the island; yet Duchesne says nothing to 
this effect, and the fact that Frezier in his 
earlier work, uses the name chiliensis 
shows that he, at least, desired to name it 
after the country, Chile, instead of for 
the island. Today most authorities use th 
name chiloensis. Duchesne’s name i 
commemorated in another ground cover, 
Duchesnea indica, the so-called false 
strawberry. 

€ common eastern strawberry (Fra- 
garia virginica) had already been intro- 
duced into Europe, and from the cross 
between the two species has arisen all of 
the familiar garden strawberries that we 
know today. 


wn” 


The Beach Strawberry is an extremely 
variable species and plants from different 
localities may be quite different in char- 


There are also differences in 
flower characters and, according to Etter, 
fruit from plants growing at Cape Men- 


LEAVES 


docino was pink while the fruit f of 
plants at Pt. Arena was almost red am 
the berries were soft and fragile. q 

One of the most significant difference 
between the California plants and some 0 
the South American forms is that in Calt 


flowers, i.e. with b 
in the same flower. ; 
therefore, why berries are seldom seen ¢ 
the Beach Strawberry plants growing 1m 
cultivation is that the plants are usually 
all of one sex. 4 

When in the fall of 1948 the straw: 
berry breeding program was initiated at 
the Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden 


3: 


were selected for final trials. 
plants No. 25 was finally chosen ] 
propagules were then given to 4 numb 

of interested gardeners living in vatl 


WINTER 1955 5 


parts of Southern California for local 
testing. During the next two years the 
behaviour of the plants was checked 
periodically. 


which is superior to the Beach Strawberry 
by being more vigorous, larger in all its 
parts, and in addition produces dessert 
quality fruit for the home. The selected 
name at first appears to be unnecessarily 
long, but it was chosen only after careful 
deliberation. In the first place this hybrid 
's not to be confused in any way with the 
commercial type strawberry. The fruit, 
while perhaps more flavorful than many 
commercial varieties, has several character- 
istics which make it unsuitable for com- 
mercial use. The berries tend to be soft 


and can probably be grown in any soil 


suitable for general gardening, although 
they are proba t their best in sandy 
loam. In hot inland areas this hybrid 
does best in semishade. The plants require 
watering about every week or ten s 


wed off with a lawn- 
mower if the blades are set high enough 
juri The old 
leaves and excess r 
and the plants fertilized and watered. 
Within a couple of weeks:the area should 
e covered with a smooth even mat o 
fresh new leaves. 
fruit production, the plants should be 
thinned about every two years. So far the 
plants have not been troubled by diseases 
and the only insect pest that has been 


o. 4, Autumn 1 oD 59-61, ‘White 
Flowering Native California Plants for Garden 
Use,”” by Katherine K. Muller, Director, Santa 
Barbara Botanic Garden, Santa Barbara, Calif. 

e cover picture o same issue, described 

n page 79, is a close-up of this useful 
groun er. 


*Quoted by Wilson Popenoe in “The Chilean 
Strawberry,” Jour. Hered. 12: 457-466. 


PLANT INTRODUCTIONS FOR 1954 


PuHitip EpwARD CHANDLER 


REVIVAL of some things old, several items 
new, one good low shrub borrowed... 
thus might one paraphrase the ‘‘introduc- 
tions’ in this year’s nursery trade. All are 
¢w as far as the nursery-going public is 
‘oncerned. As to their best use in the 
landscape-scheme, only time will tell. The 
fact that they are now available is news, 


°rnamentals with which these newcomers 
May be planted harmoniously. 

Hibiscus tiliaceous, in one form or an- 
other, has been a collector’s item, doubt- 


less, for a generation or more in relatively 
frostless areas, but its appearance in 
numerous gardens dates from 1954. Com- 
mon near the sea in tropical countries, it 
is not always regarded as an ornamental in 
such environment, because of its great 
size and aggressive qualities. In Hawaii, 


in other places, 
spreading horizontally over the ground in 
thickets, forming an apparently impene- 
trable network of trunks and branches.’’* 

*Marie Neal: “Gardens of Hawaii.” 
Continued on page 11 


LASCA LEAVES 


6 
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AM : ‘ ne ‘ 4) | 
eu ned 4 of aa : ~ ee 
S Re ce. : 
is e 3 
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Anas 


feet 
of 


Figure 1. Sa ae Ba map of the southern California coastal plain. Plant i njury is a come 

occurrence in the coin it shaded area and often seen in the lightly shaded area. Damage !5 als 

viewed at various times in ‘the aded area, westerly of the Paty ie ranges. The arrows indl- 
ate sista’ air outlets from air pollution bas 


} 


WINTER 1955 z 


AIR POLLUTION DAMAGE TO AGRICULTURAL CROPS 


JOHN T. MIDDLETON, J. B. KENDRICK, JR., AND E. F. DARLEY 


University of California, Riverside, California 


wn 
3 @ 5 
oa 
{a 
ch 
ae 
= 
Be 
om 
° 
Pry 
joe 
~ 
i) 
a) 
io) 
=) 
oO 
oO 
at 
sa ai 
fo 
-_ 
5 
O 
iad 
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ge 
Rds 


recognized by the symptom expression on 
the plant affected. Injuries of the kind 
Suggested above have been reported from 
many places throughout the world. Dam- 
age to crop plants in the vicinity of Los 
Angeles were first foun i 


leaf surface. 
by a bronzed discoloration. Although the 
Silvering and glazing of the lower leaf sur- 


loss by the 
lower surface. These same types of sym- 
toms have been found on a variety of 


extensive than in the Los Angeles area, it 
is now known to occur from San Rafae 
on the north to Gilroy on the south and 
eastward to Walnut Creek.? Further sur- 
veys may indicate a more extensive area 
to be affected. 

he specific type of damage observed 


eriods.”’ As a resu 
refer to the damage of plants as “smog 
damage.” Since the term ‘‘smog”’ is coined 
from the words smoke and fog, neither of 


proper to call the damage observed on 
plants “smog age,” but rather “‘air 
pollution damage.” It was felt that, if the 


8 
could be identified; perhaps some measures 
for abatement leading to relief from the 
air pollution problem in the Los Angeles 
area could be effected. As a result of this 
interest, several research agencies* initi- 


from refined petroleum products. 
vapors of these hydrocarbons from both 
their manufacture and use escape into the 


8 LASCA 


atmosphere and become oxidized. It is the 
oxidized hydrocarbons that are responsi- 
ble for the silvering and glazing of spe- 
cific crop plants. The hydrocarbons, prin- 
cipally unsaturates, cause no injur 
themselves. They must be oxidized to give 
the damage factor. 

Concentrations of oxidized hydrocar- 
cient to cause inj 


oO 


ollutants are con- 


alae their escape into the 

desert regions. The air Seino period 

becomes more aggravated sy longer the 
Ww 


periods of air pollution in San Francisco 
are of shorter duration and of lower con- 
centration largely because the mountain 
areas are of lower elevation and the wind 
velocities biohee The same conditions for 
air pollution exist throughout the Pacific 


rside, 

great deal of hone aitersicigs: to dis- 
cover how agricultural crops can be grown 
in an area receiving a polluted air mass. 
Our research studies are also 
with knowing more about the chemical 
behavior of air pollutants in the atmos- 
phere using plants as an assay method. 


LEAVES 


Observations on damage to crops by 
several writers have shown that there 
is a great variation in their relative sus- 
ceptibility > injury by oxidized hydro- 

rb 


carbons. Our studies are still incomplete, 
particularly ell regard to forage plants, 
flowers, and woody ornamentals, and tree 


crops. Weeds that are common to the area 
and that have been observed to be dam- 


aged are: annual Bluegrass, Cheese Weed, 
Lambs" 


Chick Weed, Dwarf Nettle, 
Quarters, London Rocket, Quick Weed, 
and Wild 


which may not have general distribution. 
The relative susceptibility of a variety 0 


lants amaged by t the 
oxidized ors is given in the 
table on page 

Som et plants: such as lettuce, tomato, 


and sugar beets fail to grow hehe in 
the polluted air mass, ar 
Sa injury symptoms.° S Since all plants 
grow 
shake suppression, it is im ossible to 
measure what effect 
growth has upon plant vigor and yield. 


The effect of this growth suppression can 


be readily demonstrated by growing plants 


through activated carbon. Within the short 
period of a week a growth difference can 
be observed in tomatoes under such an €X- 
now cuf-— 


perimental design. Research 1s f 
rent at Riverside to determine the effect 0 


this growth i te upon tree crops” 
do. 


such as citrus a 

Observations of crop damage in 
field, matkicals arly by J. Hurst, 
adequa regular water sup lies 


eonah irri nition were 


damaged than those not so well watered. 


e differences have been fe ' 
uce soeemectally under controlle 
fumigation and regulated water wee in 
cooperative experiments with S. 
ards at Riverside. 


The sam 


Oats. There are more than 50° 
other weeds that could be enumerated but 


t, show no 
in the area are subject to this 


this reduction in 


the 
West | 
eager Agate i that plantings receiving — 

plies ; 


Rich- 


WINTER 1955 9 


the option to delay irrigation until after 
the aggravated air pollution period has 
passed. Obviously if the period is of long 
duration, water cannot be withheld. Per- 
haps practical use can be m 
finding by relating irrigation schedule to 


Plants Known to Be Damaged by 
Olefinic Peroxides in Smog 


Crops Susceptible Resistant 


Tree Grapefruit 
Lemon 
Orange 
Field Alfalfa Barley 
Oat Blackeyed 
Sudan ean 
Sugar beet Mustard 
Black 
White 
Sweet clover 
Vetch 
Wheat 
Vegetable B 


a 
common common 
Golden Bountiful 
Cluster Kentucky 
Pink Wonder 
Pinto — 
Small . lima 
wi Concen- 
Bea trated 
lima Ford- 
Fordhook hook 
242 Westan 
Beet Broccoli 
Celery abba 
Endive Cauliflower 
Lettuce— Chinese 
Romaine cabbage 
Onio orn 
Parsley Eggplant 
Parsnip 
Spinach ettuce— 
Swiss char head 
Lucullus Muskmelon 
Turnip Mustard 
Pea 
Pepper 
Potato 
Radish 
Rhubarb 
Swiss chard 
Large 
ribbed 
Tomato 
Ornamental Chrysan+ Calendula 
themum China aster 
(Some san- 
varieties) themy 
(Most va- 
nnvua rieties) 
rye Dahlia 
Perennial Forget-me- 
rye not 
Larkspur Gaillardia 
Petunia Grass 
Snapdragon Bermud 
Kentucky 
bluc 
Lobelia 
Pansy 
Stock 
Sw 
Viola 
ite clover 
From a reprint from California Agriculture 
7(11): 11, 12, 1953. 


and others® discovered that 

additions of nitrogen to the soil increase 

the susceptibility of plants to damage by 

the oxidized hydrocarbons. This reveals 

that efforts to produce a good crop pro- 

vide the optimum opportunity for dam- 
age by the air pollutants. 

Under controlled fumigation conditions 

it has been demonstrated that the amount 


forecasts of air pollution periods. 
endrick t 


posure to a given concentration of the 
oxidized hydrocarbons. The longer the 
exposure the greater the damage, even at 
concentrations as low as 0.1 parts per mil- 
lion. These observations corroborate those 
made in the field which show that damage 
to crops is directly proportional to the 
length of the pollution period. 

There is another additive feature and 


days a year in which the inversion layer is 
low enough to permit accumulation of 
toxicants which can cause plant 


version layer, the topography, the size of 
the metropolitan area, and the use of re- 
fined petroleum products. 

Various methods for protecting plants 
against air pollution damage are being 


10 LASCA 


studied, Protection of pit Se ‘si 
= OS XI 1Z e 


activated carbon filter. If this ashiice 
system is adequate, there will be a positive 


15 | 
Figure 2. (Left) Type of damage observed on the upper leaf surface. (R 
ie at caddie on the lower. erinat 


Endive pee 


Figure 3 ural 


LEAVES 


pressure maintained within the glass- -house 
aa will exclude the polluted air mass. 
The oe carbon filter is a highly 
elfectine method of removing the oxida- 
tion Se aE refined petroleum vapors. 
Naturally, this same type of carbon filter 
can be used in the home if the vapors are 


at- 
amage on on caused by oxidi - pyarocat 
i 


bons. BA: Not air pollution peaae on alfalfa. Fi 5. Damage to cheese wee ‘ 
Ce) “Healthy leaf. (Lower) Naturally affected by oxidized tia ir ocathons Figure 6. Chen 
podium. The upper two — porpultant silver ne and gla azing aS bara on ie e lower leaf surface. 


par ii a 


ee ee el 


eran 


eC ne eer e ee a ee ee ae a 


ad 


WINTER 


to be excluded for a private residence or 
even a public building. Protection can be 
afforded to plants grown in the field by 
the application of Hatten: to the 
leaf surface. This class of material offers 


under a variety of trade names but can al- 
ways be recognized by fairs the list of 
active ingredients on the package. Re- 
search has not progressed saikelently to 
indicate at thi 
be applied to 
plant material sensitive to oxidized hydro- 
carbons, or in what quantity. 

The abatement of hydrocarbon losses 
from the air mass is difficult to accom- 
plish and time consu uming because of the 
multitude of contributors. The effects of 


economic loss. 
Damage t to 11 agricultural crops in 1949 
in the Los Angeles area alone was esti- 
mated at slightly less than 1/, million dol- 
ars. Estimates based on surveys in 1953 
indicate that losses will exceed three mil- 
= dollars. This increase in loss is due 
0 


BIBLIOGRAPHY AND NOTES 
- Middleton, John T., J. B. Kendrick, Jr., 
and H, W. chwalm, 1950. 
layne ry to Spears Rec s by 
Pollution: U, of Agriculture, "Plant 
Disease Ihe, 34: 345-23 
TBs ok a3 


a 


Ne 


- Middleton, John T 
and E, F, Darley, 1953, 


1922 11 


Air pollution ae to crops: California 

Agriculture, 7(11): 11-12. 

3. These agencies sora the University of 
racine at Riverside, —— Institute 
of Technology, and the Los Angeles County 
Air Pllc sage Divisio on. 

4. Haagen YS s F. Darley, Milton 

Zaitlin, "Tapeben fiat, and Wilfred Noble, 

19 


Investigation on injury to plants from air 
pollution in 2 Los Angeles area: Plant 
Vigccloes 27: 18-34. 
5. Koritz, H. G., ne F. W. Went, 1953. 
ie physiological action of Gite on plants 
Initial growth an sah eae: studies. 
Plem ee 28: 50-62. 
B. Me 
Ellis Ez Baie’ 
posing ate "et air a on 
nitrogen rend upon se al 


Jol T. Middleton, and 


some 

fu ed cox 

derived foc olefins. os aay ogy, 
88. 


PLANT INTRODUCTIONS OF 1954 
Continued from page 5 

In California, it is neither aggressive nor 

of great size, but is an unusually arresting 

shrub of 6’-10’ across with rounded heart- 


with edges entire or scalloped, the upper 
sides rather smooth, varying in color from 


brightly hued, though the plant is virtu- 
ally evergreen unless dam aged by frost of 
which it is definitely tolerant. This foliage 
color is the outstanding feature of H7bzs- 
cus tiliaceous in the Los 


some with dark eyes; later in the day, they 
deepen to apricot or dull orange ; by night, 

to dull red. The inflorescence is not pro- 
fuse, nor is it conspicuous. Of rather easy 
culture, in fairly rich soil, it prefers a 
warm location, free of strong winds. The 
authority of the plum color of Hibiscus 
tiliaceous may be emphasized to advantage 
a companion planting of Echeveria 
metalica, (perhaps as a ground cover), or 

Phormium tenax, variety Silver Bronze. 

Continued in next issue 


12 LASCA LEAVES 


LOS ANGELES STATE and COUNTY ARBORETUM 
POLICY AFFECTING PUBLIC USE OF 
ARBORETUM GROUNDS 
Effective January 9, 1955 4 
ARBORETUM OFFICE (Temporary Headquarters) : ‘ 

291 N. Old Ranch Road, Arcadia, Calif. Telesis: DOuglas 7-3444. Office Hou 
Monday through Friday (except legal holidays) 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 

PUBLIC ENTRANCE: 

Public Entrance and Exit shall be at the designated pedestrian gate at 301 N. 
Baldwin Ave., on such days and hours as the Arboretum is open to the public. 
PUBLIC PARKING: 

Parking oe are available between the west side of Baldwin Ave., and the 
Arboretum fence, accessible from the Forecourt at 301 Baldwin Ave., and from 
the Parking Lot Beccixes at 40land 501 N. Baldwin He Parking will o 
permitted where white lines indicate parking stalls. Private cars or other ehicial 
will not be permitted within the Arboretum grounds. 

HOURS AND DAYS OF OPENING: 

The Arboretum shall be open to the General Public until further notice, without | 
admission charge, on SUNDAYS ONLY, between the hours of 10:30 a.m. and 
4:00 p.m 


ADMISSION TO ARBORETUM GROUNDS: 
Everyone entering the grounds will be requested to fill out guest information card 
with name, address and cans interest. Conducted tours will start from the main 


entrance at 10:30 a.m. and on each half hour thereafter. The last tour will be con- 


duted at 4:00 p.m. All persons i ae the Arboretum will be required to assemble 
for a scheduled tour. 
PETS: 


The Arboretum is a bird sanctuary, therefore, NO DOGS OR OTHER ANIMAL 


pets shall be permitted within the Arboretum grounds. 
CHILDREN: 


Children under 14 years of age must be continuously accompanied by responsible : 


adults. 
GENERAL CONDUCT OF THE PUBLIC: 

The Arboretum is designed for the passive and educational recreation of the public. 
sii running and otherwise boisterous conduct will be strictly prohibited. 


No seotsdlie beverage or other bottled or canned drinks will be permitted within 
the grounds. 


PICNICS: 
No picnicking or food in any form will be permitted on the grounds. Complete 


picnic hive are available at the Arcadia County Park, 11% miles east of the 


Arbore 

PHOTOGRAPHS: will 
Amateur photography is sera All photography for commercial auaiae 

be soeraps except by prior arrangement through the Arboretum Director. Flash 
ulbs and other phncnosabiie refuse must be deposited in trash serra 

ARTIST, 


Art clases or individual artists may make pre-arrangements, during office ho 
for appointments, time and location for painting. All artists using the A Arboretu 
facilities will be responsible for keeping the area used clean and undamaged. 


a i i Es i a 


j 


= 


Tr 


Ts 


rl rT 


WINTER 1955 13 


PICKING OF PLANTS AND FLOWERS: 

Digging or picking of plants, flowers, leaves, branches, fruit and cuttings will be 
strictly prohibited. Under Arboretum supervision and with written permission from 
the Director, certain plant materials may be obtained for specific educational or 
scientific use. 

PLANT LABELS AND SIGNS: 

Labels are placed at various plants for the information of the public. They are 
not to be removed or mutilated. 
SMOKING: 

Smoking is to be prohibited in the jungle and otherwise confined to areas of low 
fire hazard. 

CONTAINERS: 
Shopping bags and other containers will not be permitted within the grounds. 
ASH: 


Papers and trash are to be deposited in trash containers. 
CONDUCTED TOURS FOR ORGANIZATIONS: 

Arrangements for conducted sponsored group tours through the Arboretum may be 
made by calling the Arboretum O‘ice DOuglas 7-3444 during the regular office hours. 
Group tours are available Wednesday through Saturday (except legal holidays) be- 
tween the hours of 9:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. 

GROUNDS PERMITS: 

Arrangements for special grounds permits may be made by calling the Arboretum 
during office hours. The Arboretum shall reserve the right to issue grounds permits 
for qualified scientific and educational purposes only. 

HANDICAPPED AND AGED: 

Persons unable to walk through the grounds may pre-arrange for sceing the 

or by calling the Arboretum Office during regular office hours. DOuglas 


RUSSELL J. SEIBERT — Director 
Los Angeles County Department of 
Arboreta and Botanic Gardens 


CALENDAR 
Southern California Horticultural Institute: their time that evening to suggestions and the 
regular meetings on the 2nd Thursday evening swering of questions. All members are invited 
of each mo th, at Plummer i ta _‘ to participate, bringing no plant material 
Monica Blvd , Los Angeles, in Fiest all o or discussion, but also their own knotty b- 
the Community Bldg. Ample parking within lems to be ironed out by a panel of “informa- 
the grounds. Plant displays open at 7:30 p.m.; _ tion, please” experts. 


meeting starts at 8 p.m. The January meeting 
will be a panel forum under the direction of SoMhern Cali 


fornia Camellia Society: regular 
Philip Edward Chandler, member of Lasca meetings on the . 


uesday of each month; 


Leaves’ Edit Board. and contributor to the lower display open at 7:30 p.m.; meeting be- 
Current issue (see 5). A wide field of plant 8!9S_ at p.m.; meetings now held at San 
Material will come under discussion, especially Marino Women’s Club, 1800 Huntington Dr., 

é San Marino, with am arking on adjacen 


h t 
Planting through February and March in his school grounds to the west. Jan. 11, speakers: 
home landsca ing. Other capable members of Ralph Peer, Leo Davis. 

the Institute besides Mr. Chandler will devote Calendar Notes continued on p, 23 


14 LASCA LEAVES 


A TURFGRASS FROM “DOWN UNDER” 


Louis B. MARTIN 


Plant Physiologist, Los Angeles State and County Arboretum, Arcadia, California 


Microlaena stipoides (R. Br.), a pasture 
and lawn grass, is a native of New Zea- 
land and Australia. T. F. Cheeseman, in 
his Manual of the New Zealand Flora, 
describes it as, “‘a slender perennial, rhi- 
zome creeping, leaves rather short.” F. 
Manson Bailey in The Queensland Flora 
calls it “Meadow Rice Grass.” € 
past year, research has been initiated with 
Microlaena stipoides to explore its possi- 
bilities as a turfgrass for So. California. 
eed from New Zealand was planted in 
Sept. 53; germination was excellent; the 
stand of grass was a deep, rich green. In 


summer, individual plants increased in 
width and height and two seed crops were 
harvested. 

Our observations of year old plants in- 
clude the following: single plants are 
clumpy in habit, rather stiff in appearance 
but not harsh to the touch. Flowering 
stalks are from ten to fifteen inches tall. 
Several clumps of grass at the original 
seeding site survived the summer of 54, 
although no water was applied following 
the removal of the vegetative material. 

Desirable qualities so far observed in 
Microlaena stipoides for use as a turf- 
successful establishment 
rom seed or vegetative material; 2) an 
appealing green color; 3) a 
producer; 4) excellent growth in hea 
soil; 5) maintained its color through one 
full year. 

Future observations will include finding 
answers to the: 1) possibility of “brown- 
off” after frost; 2) resistance to disease 
and insect attack; 3) optimum cutting 
height; 4) turf appearance and quality 
after two to five years establishment. 

The following is a report of the con- 
tinuing research on Bermuda and Zoysia 
grasses and of certain grass combinations. 
BERMUDA GRASSES: Everglades 1, 2, 


and 3 and U-3 (Hall’s) Bermudas did not — 
“brown-off” during the winter season of — 
'53. This was probably due to the mild _ 
weather (average daytime temp. from Oct. 
'43 to March 54 was 76.8 deg. F.; avet- — 
age night temp. was 51.5 deg. F.). This 
year all plots, with the pone ole of Ever-— 

ed, and ferti- 


our experience for two reasons: a) period | 
of greenness extended late into the year, — 
and b) removal of the under mat of” 
thatch encourages earlier growth in the : 


given the same fall maintenance 
Bermudas; however, re-grow q 
Zoysia has not been as rapid. a 
GRASS COMBINATIONS: One attempt — 
to produce an all-year green lawn by om ’ 
bining a summer grass (Bermuda Of — 


~ 


ee a ar 


WINTER 1955 15 

Zoysia ““brown-oft’’ soon, the blue grass green lawn. No one grass will make a 
may respond to ar reduced competition 
by a flush of grow “best 
No ground cover is as satisfactory as a 


Microl 4ena 
tipeides 


A single plant . _ olaena pine (R. Br.), and at the om: a + sample of the 
g-awned seeds. Photography by Louis B. Mart 


BIRD NOTES 


W. DAN QUATTLEBAUM 
young in the midst of much trucking, nois 


s do 
and nesses Last October 3 Java Sparrows 


Fe a pleasure to report that the bird 
seem to mind Pik many and varied of ethene 


Which are usual i » hes e hero xotic capes,” came into the little marsh 
ig and the rare ce bellied Hawks are still near the Office and were feeding t for about 
ue e. Last fall there Iso an unusually weeks. These pretty and conspicuous visitors 
ha le er of Mourning Doves. A Killdeer cause much excitement amo of the 

ade a nest on the lawn not far from the office force, and many focad Bird- watchers came 


to see them. 


COVER PICTURE 
off Public verso to Los Angele »5 State ~~ County eS as it appears at the time of its 
cial opening ment of w sagan is carried on page 22 of this 
issue, with es of spear interest to botan 
\ pai a ‘2. The r bleak aspect of 
porn a contemplated photograph of 


16 LASCA LEAVES 


IN DEVELOPING NEW PLANTS better suited 
to the garden, or more productive of fruits 
or flowers, one of the plant breeder’s most 
useful techniques is the “‘cross.” It is a 
rather simple operation, but not more than 
accidentally useful unless the breeder 
possesses a considerable knowledge of 
genetics. The general public is quick to 
understand the ai d possible results 
of a technique, however, without much 
knowledge of the science behind it. Such 
common jokes as the “ 


show t 
general idea is well understood by most 
persons! 

Considering man’s natural inquisitive- 
ness, though, the newness of the idea of 
a ‘cross’ is surprising: Only since Thomas 
Knight of England crossed garden peas in 
1787 and demonstrated that one char- 
acteristic (for example, smooth seeds) 
was dominant over another (i.e., wrinkled 
seeds) has there been rhyme or reason to 
the “crosses’” constantly made by Nature 
and occasionally by man. 

I 


and seeds will eventually form in the pod 
which results. The process occurs regu- 


A SEEDSMAN LOOKS AT 
POLLINIZATION 


Howarpb BODGER 
El Monte, California 


larly in Nature, with insects, wind, of — 


(rarely) water carrying the pollen, and 
the only real distinction so far as natural 


of sorts results, but of 
course the choice of parents is entirely at 
random, and the species is spoken of as 
naturally ‘‘cross-pollinated.”’ 


s point: enter the plant breeder, 


who makes a strictly controlled cross be- 
tween carefully chosen parents. If he is@ 


working with plants usually propagated 
by cuttings, buds or grafts, he need make 


only one successful cross, since the result- — 


ing “‘hybrid’’ will be increased by vegeta- 


tive means until enough plants are as: — 
sembled to supply the market. The meth- — 
od has been used since Mendel’s laws — 
indeed, before, — 


these days, cas 
The a 
leisurely in the 
since the more common vegetables an 
flowering annuals are marketed as seeds. 
Therefore, it is not the result of the 
breeder’s cross but the seed 


normally happens in a seed producin 


tn ee a 


dvancement of the art was more — 


that cross ~ 
; t 
produces which must grow into a plant — 
use Here Men- : 
in a most 


Se hat ee ee are ee aS oe ea eee ee ee ee a ee oes i ee i i ee 


hybrid flowers are then self-pollinated, . ; 


WINTER 1955 17 


field, and the resulting seed planted in 
the garden, the plants that grow will be a 
startling mixture of blooms resembling 


: foliage color and shape, 
earliness, vigor, and a thousand other 
ways, not the least of which is seed pro- 
ducing ability—an important point with 
the commercial producer. 

hus, in annuals, the plant breeder’s 
work is just begun when he makes his 
initial cross, producing what is known as 
the F, (for first filial generation) hybrid 
seed. The seed produced by the hybrid, 
called the F,, is planted the following sea- 
son and the above mentioned mixture of 


the modern plant 
breeder is reassured, at least ,by the knowl- 
edge that order will eventually be brought 
Out of chaos. His predecessors were not 
so fortunate. 


1 base, and progress has been con- 
siderably faster in the last fifty years. 

this time, it should be clear that the 
petunia breeder envies his brother the rose 
breeder, and you can see why. Take, for 
€xample, the matter of sterility. Will a 
fine hybrid tea rose not set seed? Too bad, 
but it doesn’t really matter—roses are 
Propagated from budwood. On the other 
hand, when a fine petunia refuses to make 


viable pollen, it’s the end of the line—the 
plant may be grown from cuttings for a 
season or so, but disease finally takes it 
and the strain is lost. Again, the dream 
of all small boys is a seedless watermelon, 

t that is obviously a contradiction in 
terms, for melons are short-lived and such 
a cross would have to be hand-made anew 
every spring. 

And now we pause for a moment's con- 
templation. For it 7s possible, of course, 
to make that cross anew every spring. Ex- 


year after year, producing a perfectly pre- 
dictable hybrid every time, thus passing 
on to the gardener the virtues of a hybrid 
in annual flowers and vegetables. The 
seeds just cost more. 

Well, what does it cost to produce 
‘*hand-made seed” every year for sale, as 
compared with conventional open-polli- 
nated methods? That depends on many 


brid corn, of which practically everyone 
has now heard, since 90% of the USS. 


popcorn cans “emphasize the word ¢'hy- 
brid.” Hybrid corn costs about 50% more 


time to the professional plant grower, 
which is important enough to justify the 
cost. 


Let us look at this simple “‘cross’’ more 
closely to see why it is so costly: First, of 


has more than enough. Second, we need 
a female or seed parent, and this plant 
should be vigorous enough to survive and 
flourish in big seed fields. When the pistil 
of this seed parent is receptive, no pollen 


18 LASCA 


must touch it but the pollen we deliberate- 


safe, before the 


two crosses, but work indeed when mak- 
ing thousands. A full-grown petunia plant 
may have as many as twenty flowers on it, 
with four or five new ones opening each 
morning all summer long. Since an acre 
of petunias contains about 25,000 plants, 
one may calculate that roughly 100,000 
flowers must be emasculated each morning 
to keep an acre of seed parents free from 
self-contamination. Then, of course, the 
proper pollen must be applied, again by 
hand—but why go on? There is no longer 
any mystery as to why hybrid petunia seed 
costs money: 

Contrast this state of affairs with the 


summer when thousands of teen-agers are 
available for temporary work. Th 
wind carries the pollen over from the 


o much for what is done—now let us 
consider the why. A hybrid in vegetatively 
propagated plants such as roses is the logi- 


your own garden that makes it worth the 
price? The answer is heterosis or “hybrid 
"first observed by Kolreuter in 


tween two pure-line parents produced an 
F, hybrid that was much more vigorous 
than either parent. Not necessarily taller, 
nor larger, but simply stronger and more 


LEAVES 


able to resist diseases, insects, and 
tremes of climate. Such a virtue is w 
come indeed in our cultivated varieti 
many of which have become so inbred — 
that they survive only when given loving” 
care, 4 

Secondly, if the parents are sufficiently 
“true” (that is, pure in a genetic sense, - 
which usually requires six to eight genera- — 
tions of strict self-pollination) the Fy 
hybrid of a cross between them will be re- 
markably uniform. That too, is a virtue = 
not always found in present garden types. ~ 

Thirdly, many otherwise impossible 
things can be accomplished by the F, hy- 
brid method. The seedless watermelon, — 
for example, is quite practical. The fruit a 
develops normally but the seeds do not. A~ 
hybrid that behaves this way is the prod- % 
uct of crossing certain pollen parents on — 
to a perfectly normal seed parent. The — 
ouble petunia is a hybrid too, made by 3 


capable of bearing seed. Other applica- 1 
tions are easy to imagine—how about a— 
garden léttuce, for example, which would : 
never “bolt’’ and make a seed head how- | 
ever warm the weather? That these sev- — 
eral virtues are worth what they cost has — 
been amply proved in recent years by the | 


hybrid idea to sweep to every corner 
the world of garden annuals. 


and vegetables can be on the mass-pfo- 
duction basis now enjoyed by corn. On 


eal 


lo ins i a i sateen 
—_— = aeeteiiees 


WINTER 1955 19 


solution lies in the development of seed 
parents that are ‘‘male-sterile’’ so that the 
expense of hand emasculation is avoided. 
There are already hybrid onions produced 
in this way, and prospects look good in 
many other species, but that’s a subject for 
another article. In the meantime, try the 


new F, hybrids in your own garden to see 


their industry, and sparks will fly in the 
next few years! 


GROWING NOTES 


GEORGE H. SPALDING 


Chorisia is a Central and South American 
genus of flowering trees containing not 


e to anyone inter- 
ested in learning more about this genus. 
C. speciosa the subject of this note is 


more with large pink flowers from No- 
vember to January. It’s hardiness has not 
been too well determined but large spect- 
men trees can be seen at the Bel Air Hotel 
and on the grounds of the Southern Cali- 
fornia Automobile Club in Los Angeles. 


in the area so far and is a spectacular 
sight when in full bloom. 

Jr. Samuel Ayres, Jr., of La Canada, 
California, has worked long and hard to 


this seed we raised over 
400 plants which have been distributed to 
cities from San Diego to Santa Barbara 


and east to Pomona for trial plantings 
along their streets. The purpose of these 
test plantings is to determine the range of 
hardiness and tolerance to varied soil and 
water conditions. 

n the Nursery, the culture has not 
proved difficult. The seed, which is sup- 


a mixture oO 


co) 
heavily spined to completely spineless. 
There seems to be some indication that 
the height of the tree, or at least the rate 
of growth, may be linked to the spinyness 
of the trunk. The spineless individuals are 
much taller than those with spines at the 
present time. 
Further reports will be made on these 
plantings when definite conclusions can 
be made. 


Internaional Flower Show 1955: Mar. 11-20, 
incl., at Hollywood Park, Inglewood, Calif. 
Educational exhibits featuring California Na- 
tives, and adopted flora acquired through the 
California Mission days. 

Erratum: Corrected title of article by Richard 
M. Beeks in Vol. IV, No. 4, Autumn 1954, p. 
79: History and Parentage of Zinnia Cultivars. 


Courtes 


LASCA LEAVES 


PETER RIEDEL 


y of Santa Barbara News-Press 


“To those who know the solitude of the eternal skies—to those who 
have washed their conscience in the pool of northern lights—to those 
who have ‘told’ the southern stars as a monk tells his beads—and to all 
other who have special testimony that the universe is alive with mysticism 
and resonant with song...’ 


WINTER 1955 


PETER 


(May 17, 1873 — December 5, 1954) 
JOHANNES PETRUS BRUINWOLD RIEDEL, 
plantsman and horticulturist, active in 
Southern California’s horticultural history 
for a full half century, lives still in the 
hearts and gardens of many a California 
family, generations of whom have settled 
in the Santa Barbara area during his life- 
time there. 

Peter Riedel — the characteristically 
sturdy name by which he is best known — 
came to the United States from his native 
Holland in 1893. Within a decade he 
had commenced the horticultural work 
and study which soon made him a valu- 
able aid to residents within his range of 
knowledge and activity. His particular 
efforts throughout his career have been in 
the interest of the home garden and the 
maintenance gardener. How well he 
adapted his talents to those interests, in 
One instance at least, is recorded in his 
capable teaching of adult classes in horti- 
culture, both daytime and evenings, dur- 
ing the prime of his life after abundant 
€xperience whereof he could speak with 
authority. Later still he served as Horti- 
cultural Consultant in the Park Depart- 
ment of Santa Barbara. His whole aim 
appears to have been directed toward 
enhancement of that city and its environs, 
through intelligent maintenance of the 
Private garden, and of those garden areas 
€asily accessible to the public eye. 

he basic training of Peter Riedel was 
acquired after his High School days, in 
his native country at the Gardeners’ Trade 
School and the Agricultural and Horticul- 
tural College at Wageningen. He emi- 
8rated to the United States in 1893. In 
1905 he entered a partnership with the 
famed Dr. Emanuele Orazio Fenzi, known 
to his American associates as Dr. Fran- 


RIEDEL 


cesco Franceschi, (see Lasca Leaves, Vol. 
IV, No. 1, Winter 1954) who during 
this period initiated the introduction of 
much of Southern California's adopted 
flora. Functioning briefly as the Southern 
California Acclimatizing Association, the 
partnership was shortly terminated. Dr. 
Franceschi returned to Italy on a respon- 
sible mission and thereafter business re- 
lationships between the two men were 
never rejoined. 

Within the current decade Peter Riedel 
has made strides recording much of the 
valuable information he has been accumu- 
lating through his long lifetime, working 
on a mammoth set of volumes titled 
“Plants for Extra-Tropical Regions—A 
Catalog of the Plants That Are, Have 
Been, or Might Be Grown Where the 
Orange and Avocado Thrive, Including 
Brief Mention of Others Every Plantsman 
Should Know.” Alphabetically, the letter 
S” in this work had been reached, and 
because some provision has been, made. to 
carry the work to a possible completion, 
it is hoped that the finished work may be 
made available to horticulturists. Although 
the recent past has witnessed a slowing up 
of working tempo, and the immediate 
weeks preceding Peter Riedel’s “last trib- 
ute to nature” were beset by acute distress, 
perhaps especially for Atje Koopmans 
Riedel, his childhood sweetheart, and wife 
since 1897 who survives him, still, his 
relinquishing of his natural life has its 
constructive aspect in the heritage he has 
left to his fellow-horticulturists and num- 
erous friends — an influence to be felt in 
the future beyond the confines of the 
boundaries of California through his work 
and study for the benefit of true gardeners 
everywhere who may read of his work 
and profit thereby. 


22 LASCA LEAVES 


ARBORETUM MILESTONE 
Director, Los Angeles State and County Arboretum 
R. J. SEIBERT 


THE MONTH OF JANUARY, 1955, marks 
a significant step in the progress of the 
Los Angeles State and County Arboretum. 
Members of the Arboretum Foundation 
and readers of Lasca Leaves will be inter- 
ested to know that the Arboretum opens 
to the public on this date, to be open on 
Sundays only until further notice. 
The Arboretum will be open between 
:0 


tion, bearing their membership card and 
showing it to the guard at the entrance at 
301 N. Baldwin Avenue will be admitted 


sign the admittance card, or write for ad- 
mittance cards ahead of time. 

e Arboretum Foundation is under- 
writing the rental of a grounds transpor- 
tation vehicle which will facilitate the 
public in moving from the main entrance 
to the historical preserve and back to the 
main entrance. This will mean that the 
public will not have to walk to and from 
the portions of the Arboretum now ready 
for public view. 

Since the Foundation is underwriting 
this means of transportation and its in- 
surance, the public and members will be 
expected to contribute a donation in boxes 
to be provided on the “train.” 

Because the Arboretum is still in its 
infancy of development and only very 
limited portions of the Arboretum are 
ready for public view, the public will as- 
semble at the Main Gate at 301 N. Bald- 
win Avenue from which conducted tours 
will leave on every hour and half hour be- 
tween the hours of 10:30 a.m. and 4:30 
p-m. on the Sunday openings. 


“Rancho Santa Anita, 
which now comprises the grounds of the 
Los Angeles State and County Arboretum. 


to grow in Los Angeles County. 
Picnics are not permitted on the Ar- 
boretum grounds; however, comple 
picnic facilities are available at the Arca ‘ ) 
County Park one and a half miles east OF 
the Arboretum. 


For further details regarding new pod 
cies and regulations attendant upon 4 
opening of the Arboretum to the fe ES 
see pages 12 and 13, and NA "4 
NOTES, and NEWS, page 23. 


| a ee en 


WINTER 1955 23 


NAMES, NOTES AND NEWS 


Of special interest to Arboretum Foundation 
Members: with 


ov 
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om 
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B. 
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9 
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necessarily go into effect, in order comply 
with administra policy d_ regulations 
nder County Civil Service. All Sunday visitors, 
including Foun M TS, Wi - 
quested to accept the guidance officially 


0 
the Arboretum 
now develope ot hind oe of being 


bho 
° 
~» 
< 
ef, 


ve 
s wou nef ncou ann in 
allowed to go in areas not 
yet properly dev eloped {GE preg safeey and 
in gn of visito 
vide all visitors with background 


eir enjoyment and 

Profit in visiting it. 
Or 0d conducted tours af ia arrangement 
through the Arboretum office have been offered 


tas gpichice a ou ivil Service hours 
ye ich provide for two das a week off-du 
Le. a : hou k ays a 


weekend Spo 


In conducting the 
u 


hs Ps may now be arranged a ha lowing 
ays only: 
Wednesday naib seared: eran se 
holidays, ‘betwee and 3:0 
Call DO ds 73 


Botanists ue horticulturists, = well as other 
ee ie individuals, may apply for entrance 
tud 


a he Arboretum oe ao field study or 
er allied pu esse: Grounds permits will be 
8tanted to them in off assist such 
Persons in their work and study ds per- 
ro are also issued to members of beni 
So, ore Foundatio Inc. embers 

: uthern California Horticultural Institute, ing 
esentatives of mem clu other quali- 


fied j 


Obtained at the tem ce building, 
inside and a 39 to an ae i the temporary 
Nor 


y tide g Old Ranch Road, 
tcadia, or ee ade by calling 


:30 p.m 
‘ tion is extende d to visit the Arboretum 
8 oe ferquently, accepting opportunities to 


berg these pai stages of a long term develop- 
which is expected to reach major s pent 
meri in ea ye ars 


he first meeting of the Nationa Shade T 


cae to be held w ue wisn ssisipp, 
wi sion hp considerable horticul- 
tural interest to those sending’ it next ins st 


1 ta ara, Californi 
ti the Western Chapter of r 
National Shade Tree Conference will be host to 


discussion of various facets o 
planting, and care of shade and ornamen ntal 
trees 


The Nat tional Shade Tree Conference has as 


and ad- 
a 


its component skills. Also, 
toward suEfonsiet legislation to suppleme 
these object 

A great ae al of effort on the Spe of the 
Conference has been 


tons estate 
of native Geunds of timber and other plant 


The Wes .C., is planning 
ruly ‘eetern peeaine 5 ‘program for the 
any of who ill be i 


ment too large for the patio 
All persons who ir spoon ee bea auty, shade. 
ctical value of  stre and ornamental 
o- 


end a ordi 
cable to register and usa these meetings. 


Calendar Notes: pee from p. 13) 
Herb Society of ae Southern get aie 
Unit: January m o be a stud the 
family sie ee) sek gold emphasis on Y hous 
h may be 


mbers th 
called sesh: For details of tim 


onday of the month to changed 
because of conflict with New Year's Pe 
activities. 


24 LASCA: LEAVES 


BOOK REVIEWS AND COMMENTS 


Lasca a oppo Vol. 2, was issued in October 


1954 as the Annual Report at th 3-54, of the 

) tis County of Arboreta 

and oe Gardens, an TNE ER pitiasien 
yea BS shies eater County Adm 


- tion. Pa f und, multil 
LO nes per inc ludin d 
grounds. La Ss iin ; 
nounced an ad ee i eh in Lasca Leaves, hs 
No. 2, Sp {, p.48, the complete, ittees 
unpublished fides of John re nson’s com- 
ie nsive work, A Botanist in Southern 
Afric Bo ee ssues are ava lable ae pe 
Reece files. Box 688, yi dia, yeh 
$2.00 p Bi don wa to California yee 

d ers). ecial e Ne 
angements may sy a solicited by other botani- 
cal Pant horticultural institutions. 


ithed, 46 fice 
€ 


by William Hertrich 


Saran in the ote Gardens —William 
Hertrich. Huntin Library, 
California: 1954. 80 pp. i 
and white Blotiemaie. 
William Hertrich 


Huntington Botanic Garden, is eminently qual 
fied to write of the camellias ¢ e Huntington 
Garden, for he has watched the collection gro 
from the original purchas e of a few nts in 
1908, to. the Et 


US is 
hich he is writ- 


ing to. describe these heii plantings at 
Huntington, 

> Huntington camellia an cob gps 
slowly oe chance acquisitio a 
sional pu es until the year 194 


definite leven of enlarging and Seveninn it 


was undertaken. An agreement reached with 
the ssn a ornia Camellia Society in 
1944 establis me 


oe 
fay 
a 
pee 
18.) 
A 
© 
Qo. 
oD 


eties, as th 
The horticultural i A 
f tt 


1 
re nals called. 
ai in the 
rolume should be 


given 


first ele of thi of extreme 
interest to every camellia grower, whether he 
has fe plants or many. Common problems of 
culture such as planting, transplanting, water- 
ing, fertilizing and pruning are treated with 
especial reference to the southern California 
ul: yen 


for it seems ae t poor seriphae 
ship is a common cause of failure in growing 

amellias in this region. Bud dr ro, the dismay 
at sO inary home gardeners, is described an 
its Causes given. 

he discussion of individual cultivars, which 
occupies the bulk of the volume, is noteworthy 
for its careful cataloguing of the c ‘ters 
plant and for the 


liste d alphabel tically 
Noteworthy 


the end = the descriptions of some p 
long years of close observation could result in 
th fame ed detailed information as is given 


“The photographs, all — at the Hunti a 
ton Garden, are su _ It is not often tha 
wer texture sige quality are so beaut 


ower 
reproduced as : s set - picture 2S, po ot 
photographer 3 an oat ave o be compli 


ed upon the uti of the product S 
regret that t t 


character of 


olor, but r the 
ore of the 
a ap show far more 0 oa 


the flower than do the three color ‘reproducti 

which are included. 

The volumes to be published 

eries will include the ini ti 
Camelli iad japonica an 
cies of Camellia. In et ‘of the tren 
interest in the <0? and t 
of cultivars in paar and C. resiculatay 
these later ve sues. sho uld nee as helpful as 
this first one of a handsome serie 


in this 


KATHERINE K. MULLER 
Director, Santa Barbara Botanic Garden 
Santa Barbara, Calif 


SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURAL INSTITUTE 


OFFICERS 1954 


Previeah 0 ie Go eke FRED W. ROEWEKAMP 
Vice-President and Executive S CIM I oc a RONALD B. TOWNSEND 
ROOPELAPY 6 oon co els oe ede as Pe GEORGE H. SPALDING 
PPRSUI EE. Ck a ee Ce KENNETH BISHOP 


BOARD OF DIRECTORS 
WILLIAM BERESFORD Percy C, EVERETT 
MANCHESTER Boppy EARLE E, HUMPHRIES 
HowarpD BopGER MILDRED E, MATHIAS 
PHILIP EpwARD CHANDLER ALFRED W. ROBERTS 
RALPH D. CORNELL RONALD B. TOWNSEND 
RICHARD WESTCOTT 


ADVISORY COUNCIL 


SAMUEL AyRES, JR. Murray C. MCNEIL 


ROBERT CASAMAJOR 
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HuGH EVANS 


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LOVELL SWISHER, JR. 
Roy F. WILcox 


MEMBERSHIPS 

Annual Meaber ose rts own eeu $ 5.00 year 
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Sustaining MemNet coe ico ood on oi ews ames 50.00 year 
Life Memes occ ssc ieee re ess 500.00 


Ask the Secretary about privileges of each membership class 


MEETINGs: 2nd Thursday of each month, Plummer Park, 
7377 Santa Monica Boulevard 
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ADDRESS 
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Telephone DOuglas 7-3444 


LASCA LEAVES 


The official publication of the Southern California Horticultural Institute 
and the California Arboretum Foundation, Inc. 


Sponsors of 


LOS ANGELES STATE AND COUNTY ARBORETUM 


Operated by 
LOS ANGELES COUNTY DEPARTMENT 
of 
ARBORETA AND BOTANIC GARDENS 
Box 688 
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CALIFORNIA 


QUARTERLY JOURNAL 


‘ 


a 


na lle = mer cg, ‘ 


<i 
i 


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Pe ee Pe ne eee ee ee er ee ee eae Howarp A. MILLER 

RALPH D, CORNELL Mrs. JOHN R. MAGE 

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MEMBERSHIPS 
Anumiel Associate Menorah. ois os oh aS we Ue eas $ 5.00 
PEL, IIo eg ohana pew ROpeaned eas 10.00 
Annual Contributing Membership.........00.++e0eeeeesnes 25.00 
Annual Sustaining Membership... ox ccc a sone seep ceeeseane 100.00 
SURE BOONSRE CENDCIINI Ns fos 056s lw a Kx ena eee wnes 250.00 
Ratt RED oe Kite vn Ria eee eek et aenka anes 500.00 
POG as oe es bee A ie oe $1,000.00 or more 
CRG ies in oe oh wad ee bee eae 5,000.00 or more 


Club memberships are available at any amount, from $10 a year or more. 
All contributions deductible under Federal Income Tax Law. 
ADDRESS 


Box 688—Arcadia—California 
Telephone DOuglas 7-3444 


a iii iene iain 


SPRING 1955 


Lasca Leaves 


Quarterly publication of the Southern areas Horticultural a and 
the California Arboretum Foundation, Inc. Issued on the first of 
January, pets nae and October. 


EDITORIAL COMMITTEE 


ROBERT CASAMA JOR MILDRED oo 
PHILIP EDWARD CHANDLER Puitip A. M 
WILLIAM HERTRICH RUSSELL J. Samune 


EDITORIAL BOARD 
Arboretums and Botanical Garden 
Northern Californias feovea ves McCLINTOCK 
Santa Barbara—KATHERINE K. MULLER 
ee California—RONALD B. TOWNSEND 


Economic Plants eigtieng \is508ee ee ora RUSSELL J. SEIBERT 
Geo- wees oad PIA PONS aks os ee as Louis C. WHEELER 
Flistoricad 5 tae ty eee es ee i Mrs. RICHARD Y. DAKIN 
Hortigtuns sk See tee a ee Cee VERNON T. STOUTEMYER 
Landscape Design: 305 05 boi vcs ee ae RALPH D. CORNELL 
Native California PORE ca: cia caea Pa et eae Se Percy C. EVERETT 
Orchids (57 os gh pe ee ee ys ROBERT CASAMAJOR 
Ornithologient seg oss Sage ec tg ens W. Dan QUATTLEBAUM 
Plant Material 3003,.. ..: MILpRED Davis, PHILIP EowARD CHANDLER 
Plsnt Patna os oy fv ences wee ecas: PIERRE MILLER 
Plant ties Ve ude baw RO Ow cee ton GEORGE H. SPA G 
Bee RRR ES ONE Cad ie aR a gh W. QuINN Buck 
Taxsacttiy “of PO bus ews MILDRED MATHIAS 
Taxonomy of DeMivite 250. ie os woes hes Puitip A. MUNZ 


JANET WRIGHT, Editor 


VOL YV APRIL, 1955 No. 2 


CONTENTS 
Veitch’s Nursery: Pioneer olga of Tuberous Begonias. Elmer J. Lorenz 27 


An: Hosior to Williams Pere ee es Se eae eee 30 
Bromelia balansae Mez Bee he ais eat eC lraly Sie sns Joseph Schneider 31 
Covet: Pictire 50g te ee Oe ee oe es cles bale 3 
Plant bodies for 1954 eat 2 cy ES ent bas area! Philip mcg Rec asta 35 
Alfred Cock Mottes--A “Yeates os os 00 Sek oes temyer 36 
Blue-flowered Native Plants A Calfornite ce ose ee eek es rs Brrkt 38 
1955 International Flower Show i sgauer Pia F. W. Roewekamp 42 
Dew Research at the Arboretmiy. 62.4. 266s coe Louis B. Martin 43 
Bird Se eae Oe Ce ak ee Eee ROS W. Dan Quattlebaum 45 
Calendat So ee eh eb iiiocaa ee ees 
Growing Nobis 5608 6 PRC es George H. Spalding 46 
Names, Notes and News 

De, Liberty Mode Bailey ce. .5 0. ose ec iy eee eii Philip A. Munz 47 

IMASCOL Ney orig we ee ans te a es Ve oe Oise Ecos la 48 

48 


Book: Redisgr cst re Oe oi Se eae 


LASCA LEAVES 


BEGONIA MODEL. 


Illustration of hybrid Begonia x Model in J. Veitch’s Catalogue of Plants of 1875. 


SPRING 1955 27 


VEITCH’S NURSERY 


Pioneer Hybridizers of Tuberous Begonias 


ELMER J. LORENZ 


One of the early and perhaps the most 
active peas of individuals in the intro- 
hybridizing of begonias, par- 
ticularly the tuberous section, was the well 


bulbs, etc. Among their collectors they em- 
ployed the work of such men as Thomas 
Lobb, William Lobb, and E. H. Wilson. 


eal, V.M.H., were the most active 
ave wider interest to 


plant lovers by their introduction of new 
hybrids 


The Veitch Nursery has existed in name 


oO 
EF. 
—< 
inal 
°o 
Low J 
p 
~ 
Cc 
3 
= 
oO 
ln) 
° 
es 
M< 
oO 
> 
od 
4 
a 
fo 
s 
=] 
09 
os 
oO 
ay 
Len J 
oO 
aw 


in begonia collections. 
The records of plants introduced by the 


! f magazines, particularly the 
Curtis Botanical Magazine, and in the 


"self. However, probably the most com- 
plete record is contained in ‘Hortus 


Veitchii” by James H. Veitch, printed for 
private circulation only, in 1906, Much of 


quoted freely from information contained 
in “Hortus Veitchii.”’ 

Almost fifty years ago John H. Veitch 
wrote under the heading, Begonias—An- 
dean or Tuberous-Rooted Species: “The 
numerous garden varieties of this séction 
of the genus are among the most popular 
of the summer-flower plants of the present 
day, and probably no race has so quickly 
gained favour or become so widely dis- 
tributed. 

‘This pre-eminence is due to the rich 
and varied colours of the flowers, the 
many forms they take, and the ease with 
which they can be grown.” 

A half-century later the same enthusi- 
asm continues unabated! 

he modern summer-flowering tuber- 
ous begonias are the result of hybridizing 
between seven wild species, all natives of 
the Andes of South America. Messrs. 
Veitch introduced and distributed five of 
the seven varieties into England. Begonia 
boliviensis A. DC., B. pearcei a 
B. veitchii Hook. f., B. rosaeflora Hook. 
f., were introduced through the efforts of 
Richard Pearce; and B. davisii Veitch was 
introduced by Walter Davis. The two 
tuberous begonias not introduced by 
Messrs. Veitch were B. clarke Hook. f., 
and B. cinnabarina Hook. f., which were 
aila E. G. Henderson of 

Pine Apple Place, England. 

Weddell first discovered Begonia boli- 
viensis in the Bolivian Andes, it was 
Richard Pearce of Veitch’s Nursery who 
first introduced this begonia into cultiva- 
tion. B. boliviensis was exhibited for the 
first time at the International Horticultural 
Show in Paris, in May 1867. It is stated 
to have “‘attracted more of the attention, 
both of botanists and horticulturists, than 


> 


28 LASCA 
any other plant then brought to that mag- 
nificent exhibition.”” This beautiful be- 
gonia is still found growing in our collec- 
tions. The plant is of erect growth to ap- 
proximately twenty-four to thirty-six 
inches high, but as the plant matures it has 
the habit of becoming pendulous. The 
lanceolate leaves on very short petioles are 
our to five inches long and sharply ser- 
rated, bright green above, with red mar- 
gins, and pale green beneath. The flowers 
are produced on short stems, in the angles 
the leaves, and are bright cinnabar- 
scarlet, the male flower being twice as long 
as the female. Klotzch placed B. boli- 
viensis in a new proposed genus called 
Barya because the stamens were in 
elongated column, instead of the globular 
cluster typical of begonias. However, De 
Candolle eventually merged the new genus 
Barya into the genus Begonia. 

Begonia pearcei was the next outstand- 
ing discovery to be introduced by Veitch’s 
Nursery. This species was sent to England 
from La Paz, Bolivia, by Richard Pearce. 
As this begonia had yellow flowers it was 
an important parent in introducing the 
yellow and orange colors in the tuberous 
begonia hybrids. These colors were un- 
known in the tuberous hybrids prior to the 
introduction of B. pearcei.The ornamental 
foliage of many of our present-day tuber- 
ous hybrids is the result of B. pearce? an- 
cestry. This species was distributed in 
1866, and it is still quite common in our 
present-day collections. 

During the year 1866 Richard Pearc 
introduced another tuberous begonia 
which he had discovered near Cuzco in 
Peru, at an elevation of 12,000 to 12,500 
feet; it was named Begonia veitchii, and 
was first flowered in England in 1867. 
Because this plant was found at such high 
altitudes it was thought that it might prove 
hardy in certain parts of England. How- 
ever, B. veitchii failed to withstand the 
combined effects of cold and damp English 
winters. It is mentioned as a superb spe- 
cies and was described by Sir J. D 
Hooker, in the Botanical Magazine as “Of 
all the species of Begonia known, this is, 
I think, the finest. With the habit of Saxi- 
fraga ciliata, immense flowers of a vivid 


i) 
=) 


LEAVES 


vermilion cinnabar-red, that no colourist 
can produce. ...” 
B. rosaeflora was another of Richard 


Pearce’s introductions, and 


producing some 
tuberous begonias of the late nineteenth 
century. 


white-flowered tuberous Begonia was ob- 
tained, and sent 


flowers in this species varied greatly, and 
a white-flowered form sent home by him 
some years later, proved identical with the 
seedling known as Queen of the Whites. 
Begonia davisii was the last Andean . 
species of tuberous begonias to be intro- 
duced during Veitch’s time. This begonia 
was named after its discoverer who foun 
it growing near Chupe, in Peru. Because 
of its dwarf compact habit and erect 
flowers this begonia played an important 
role in hybridizing work carried on by 
John Seden, “who rapidly evolved several 
garden forms possessing most 4d esirable 
qualities and of a very high order. 


B. boliviensis and an unnamed Andean 
species was called Begonia x sedenii as a 
compliment to the hybridizer. The Royal 


SPRING 1955 29 


slightly rose-coloured; the flowers are of 
the richest magenta and of large size.” 

The first double-flowered tuberous be- 
gonia was obtained from seeds produced 
by self-fertilized flowers of Begonia x 
sedenii, 

Begonia x chelsoni was the next begonia 
hybrid produced by John Seden and it was 


were larger and a glossy red in color. 

Begonia x intermedia followed and it 
was the result of hybridizing two Andean 
species, namely B. veitchii and B. boli- 
viensis. This hybrid was first distributed 
in 1872 and described in the Plant Cata- 
logue as follows: “In habit it partakes 
strongly of Begonia boliviensis, bein 


pp 


a 
and form of Begonia Veitchii and re- 
semble it also in colour, but are of a rather 
darker shade.” 

In 1874 two more begonia hybrids were 
offered : Begonia x Stella, the progeny of 
Begonia x sedenii crossed with B. veitchii, 


d with a robust 
d popular subject for 
summer-bedding.”’ Offered for distribu- 
ton in 1875 were Begonia x Excelsior and 
Begonia x Model. Begonia x Excelsior 
Was obtained from Begonia x chelsoni 
crossed with B. cinmnabarina, and it is de- 
scribed as a “very free-blooming variety, 
With large flowers of the form of Begonia 
ve-tchii and the colour of Begonia cinna- 
arina. It was one of the bedding Be- 
g0nias of its time.” 


blush colour, and of the finest shape.” 
During 1876 two named hybrids, Be- 


between the extremities of the alternate 
narrower petals; the petals of both stami- 
nate and pistillate flowers are beautifully 
veined symmetrically with the edges.” 
This same year saw another cross between 
Begonia x sedenti and Begonia x Stella 
which was called Begonia x Kallista. The 
flowers ‘“‘of a rich vermillion-scarlet, were 
the darkest shade of that colour known at 
the time. Later Kallista gave rise to many 
varieties from self-fertilized seed.” 


Begonia x intermedia. 
tioned that this begonia “with bright ver- 
million-scarlet flowers, was, when distri- 
buted, undoubtedly one of the finest of all 
the earlier successes.” 

The hybrid tuberous-rooted begonias 
produced mostly flowers of various shades 
of reds, but a definite break occurred with 
appearance of Begonia x Queen of the 
Whites which was developed from a batch 
of seedlings of B. rosaeflora. Begonia x 
Queen of the Whites is described as “'re- 
sembling Begonia rosaeflora, dwarf and 
furnished with orbicular leaves and deep- 
ly-sunk veins ; the flowers, 2 to 21/, inches 


To be continued 


LASCA LEAVES 


AN HONOR TO WILLIAM HERTRICH 


A second national honor came to Wil- 
liam Hertrich, Curator Emeritus of the 
Huntington Botanical Gardens, San Ma- 
rino, when The Garden Club of America 
bestowed its Medal of Honor upon him 
during its annual national convention in 
Houston, Texas, where he and Mrs. Her- 
trich journeyed to attend the presentation 
banquet, March 9th, 1955. The award 
had not been made since 1949 and Mr. 
Hertrich is the ninth recipient since it was 
instituted i in 1920. Similar distinction was 


of Honor 
service in horticu presentation of 
which was made in San Marino by the 
Society's representative, Alfred C. Hottes 
( Pp. 30 issue Lasca 


1940-50 decade, Mr. Hertrich shared this 
honor with Sir ‘Arthur William Hill, Di- 
rector of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 
England, Dr. Elmer D. Merrill of the 
Arnold Arboretum, the late Lord Aber- 
conway, ee Horticultural Society, Lon- 
don, Dr. Wilson Popenoe, Dir. Escuela 
Agricola Panamericana, Honduras, and 
To the Cactus and Succulent Journal us oo rica, 
of first reproducing photographs of t 


others of equal stature. A full fifty years 
ape 


Mr. Huntington's ‘death in 1927 he be- 
came Curator of the Botanical Gardens. 
Under his direction this public trust of 
200 acres of beautiful valley land, with 
its incipient Huntington Library and Art 

Gallery, grew to the extraordinary pro- 
portion and enviable cultural importance 
it enjoys today. The famed institution now 
of Directors, 

t 


material. The editorial body o 
Laver is both te aared and edified by Mr. 
Hertrich’s close and ready association with 
its duties and responsibilities ever since 
its inception. We salute him with hearty 
congratulations on oe new recognition 


of his fine purpose 


Vol. 27, No. 2, March, 1955, goes the privilege 
onor, ya and back, since Lasca Leaves’ press 


Medal of Ho 
date was prior to he presentation rai photographing of the medal 


ANNOUNCEMENT 


The hos ag Arboretum Foundation, Inc., 
ment of Mrs. Lee a soa as Executi 


Road, Arcadia, at the Los reece Stat 


aia Coun 


takes pleasure in announcing the appoint- 
ger of The Foundation to 


phone for The California Arboretum Faauaaiaa Inc., will be DOuglas 7-8207. 


To val sie fone pe to the bird- watcher, and 
the eader sg eye for color: the March 
issue wey Arizon High mde sahashes monthly 
by the Arizona High ys Department, is de- 
voted almost ssi ity a brilliant collection of 
si sh selected from a forthcoming 

ork, “The Birds of the Western United 


States,” 
thor, in 3 vols. containing a 
full-page co te itustrations 

stantially all species of wester 
The pore and — will 
ested i i 
with ose map aot plots aphs 


Ens SE es 
sca ae a en es ia Sia wes 


Arboretum. The new office tela a 


by Don Bleitz, For qypie es and au-— 
12 


iebimiieteee? " piabiabeiaammns ane aes 


SPRING 1955 31 


BROMELIA BALANSAE Mez. 


JOSEPH SCHNEIDER 


Bromelia balansae Mez. is a prominent 
member of a very nea Pier the 
Bromeliaceae, so name or of Olaus 
Bromel, Swedish sate This plant 
group of about forty genera and about 
nine hundred species, ranging in size from 
the little inch-high gem, T7/landsia eru- 
bescens, to es whose old stems ap- 
peared 


(Tillandsia usneoides), 
and some of the most beautiful flowering 
plants of tropical and semi-tropical Amer- 
ica, not excepting orchids. They are found 
from South Argentina to Texas and South 
Carolina. The family includes many eco- 
nomically important members, the pine- 
apple widely cultivated for food, and the 
Spanish Moss whose wiry stems are used 
as vegetable fibres in upholstery, and sev- 
eral species in use mostly locally as a 
source of some of the finest of fibres for 
the making of fishnets, baskets and cloth. 
Bromelia balansae had been known in 

s Bromelia serra, until M. B. 
lando, Florida, a famous 
plant explorer of Bet igs eo times, and 
““Bromels” as the 
n ieee identified the plant as 
balansae. It honored a Mr. Balansa 

of Uruguay, the ieee where it is found 
in greatest numbers. Little is known here 
of Mr. Balansa. fegrnes the plant has 

been recorde er various names, 

guanensis, B. Ligidte. and B, karatas. The 
Atkinson of Leucadia, Calif., 


teana (Billbergia raieny. To av 
continued conflict, vg re- Dae 
rubro-viridis. It kno 

where Mr. Atkins fixe shia this plant, 


possibly from the late Mr. Beecroft of En- 
cinitas, who was the first one here in Cali- 
fornia to import bromeliads and seeds of 
bromelias from Europe. 

Br. serra can be found occasionally in 
gardens of plant lovers. It is somewhat 
smaller than Br. balansae and when flow 
ering can be readily distinguished, its in- 
florescence a roundish head about the size 
of a large fist, so densely covered with a 
white tomentum that the flower tips seem 
to be barely protruding from a cotton 
ball. The flowers rise above the envelop- 
ing bracts. 


balansae 


Mez. as 


& 
* 


grown in the 
Gardens, San 


ik is H  wcaorae stemless, 
thirty to fifty or more leaves in a rosette, 
shiny dark green ihre whitish below, 
arching gracefully, and ending in a long 
tapered point. The leaves are from two to 
four feet long, aa quarters to one-and- 
a-half inch wide; the leaf bases are wide 
and succulent, ti hily clasping the stem. 
The blade, rather stiff, slightly channelled, 
is armed with exceedingly shar ne- 
pointed prickles, from three- -quarters to 
an inch-and-a-half apart, pointing out- 
ward for the most part, but sometimes to- 
ward the center of the plant the prickles 
reverse and turn inward toward the base. 
e pressure marks of these prickles, 
formed before the leaves unfold, are dis- 
cernible upon the upper leaf surface and 
even more 


ing off, but persisting upon the lower leaf 
surface, giving it a grayish appearance. 

ese diminutive scales are moisture-ab- 
sorbing organs characteristic of some 
xerophytic and semi-xerophytic bromelias ; 
they often form attractive gray bands and 
patches. Parallel veins give the underside 


ere Ure Gn ee 


32 LASCA 
a finely ribbed spine t these veins 
about a hundred in number across the 
width of the leaf, are ake very tough 
fibres of surprisingly high tensile strength, 
wet or dry. I do not know if these fibres 
are utilized where the plant is native. The 
fibres are in a single layer, unlike those 
in yuccas and agaves, where fibres are 
distributed throughout the body of the 
leaf. The tissue between upper and lower 
leaf epidermis is a thin layer of transpar- 
ent spongy cell mass, fairly thick towards 


tra and opening up the entire lea 
rosette; few plants show a more refreshed 


the outermost vein forming a triangular 
hooked brownish prickle as the crest o 
the wave, the horn-like point sharply bent 
at an approximately right angle, never 
curved, its point paralleling the leaf mar- 
gin, sma uarter-inch—but 
small as they are, their knife-like sharp- 
ness and fine point can penetrate the skin 
and lacenste severely. 

One might ask, “Why keep such a 
thing in a garden?” It is at flowering time 
balansae has an almost irresisti- 
ble appeal ; ; in spring, or early summer, or 
at almost any time if a fairly mature speci- 
men is shocked by transplanting, the 
center leaves begin to change color, With- 
in a few weeks, slowly at first, the tips 
redden, and quickly the center of the 
plant assumes a brilliant red color,—a 
many-rayed flaming star, giving the plant 
its common 


blades at right angles to the spike-like in- 
florescence, white, papery, clasping leaf- 
bases tightly sheathing the short branches 


LEAVES 


of the raceme. Towards the top the leaves 
become gradually shorter, and at the tip 
rudimentar inflorescence, stems, 
bracts, and sab! bracts are SH with a 
white mealy tomentu Sub-branchlets 
with short-pedicelled gies, from three 
to fifteen in number and in 


quarters-inch long, three-petalled, peek 
out from their individual white bractlets. 


a flat cluster, © 


The flower details are also most in- — 


teresting. Petals are about three-quarters- 
inch long and three-eighths-inch wide, 


wine-colored, almost maroon, with a white — 


edge at the rounded tip. The three over- 


lapping petals form a tube and do not — 
open wide, but they show the three-parted — 
pistil, and a rin g of surrounding bright — 


yellow anthers. Within a few days, the 
inflorescence is fully aepelsaad, about 
two to two-and-a-half feet in height, with 
thirty to fifty clusters, in the same arrange- 
ment around the stout stem that groups 
the leaf rosette, apparently in a double 
spiral. The first flowers will still be in 


flowers seem to have a slightly fruity odor. 


Cool humid weather will favor pollination 
and development of the fruit. The flowers 


seem to be self-fertile ; 2 probably held : 


in the pollinizing. The 


in diameter,—roundish, n the 
numerous fruits are tightly packed in a 
cluster, they are likely to appear defor med 


because of the pressure. The tip of each is — 
slightly depressed and bears the very pef-— 


sistent remains of the dried papery petals 


and stamens and pistil. In its early stage, — 


the fruit is covered with a white, floccose 


tomentum that soon wears off. Each short-_ 
pedicelled berry is subtended by the tough” 


papery bractlet about three-quarters inch 


long and three-eighths inch wide. The 


fruit is indehiscent, rather dryish; from 
one to fifteen seeds are embedded i 


ous pulp w running thro 
These ices running socinifucinatiy are : 


uit is a bright 
orangey berry, three- aeaien to one inch — 
whe 


SPRING 1955 33 


Left: Normal fruiting spike. of Bromelia balansae Mez. about 6 months after flowering. Right: 


Rare abnormal fruit, club-shaped spike, cause unknown. Courtesy Huntington Botanical Gardens. 


continuation of the fibres of the stemlet 
and are not netted, The skin of the fruit 


tver, it causes a very disagreeable rawness 
in the mouth and throat, lasting for many 
long painful hours. The effect seems to 
€ due to a meat-digesting enzyme. It is 
said that in Uruguay, the fruit is used in 
4 tefreshing drink; the sugar content sug- 
Sests fermentation possibility and it may 
€ used in this way; after distillation, it 
should certainly furnish a very potent 
drink, The full-fruited spike densely set 
ee niles shiny fruit, is a long-lasting at- 
faction in the garden, often lasting for a 
year Or more. The fruit does not drop: 
this is due to lack of an abscission layer 


interposed between stem and fruit, the 
woody fibres of the fruit’s stem continu- 
ing through into the fruit itself, and not 
allowing it to drop, as an apple does, for 
instance. 

When the formerly bright red bract- 
leaves have reverted to their green color, 


n ‘ 
probable that the plant depends upon its 
seed for increase. Off-shoots rather, seem 
the means of the plant's perpetuating it- 
self. Twelve to eighteen months before 


near soil-level, at the lowermost tiers of 


34 LASCA 


the leaf-rosette ; light brown spears, slight- 


half- to three-quarters-inch thick, tightly 
imbricated with finely toothed, stiff, long 
deltoid scale-leaves having horny tips. The 
scale-leaves are about two inches long and 
three-quarters-inch wide at base, covere 

with a fine powdery tomentum, the tightly 
clasping base brown and horny, shielding 


almost comically eager, to start a 
plant. Upon prolonged good contact with 
damp earth, this head will push out root- 
lets from the short, spreading, more 
papery basal leaves surrounding its neck, 
and with astonishing rapidity, on its own 
pore fed from the mother-plant, a new 
Br. balansae is 5 cetubched 
Unlike many of the related genera, 
such as Puya, etc., which mG balansae re- 
sembles in general appeara 
seems to form additional hea direct] 
on the old root stock. The mother-plant 
provides its many offs i amos te 
Ce) 


fully hide the dried remains of the ol 
plant, so a clump always provides a clean, 
tidy appearance. 

Br. balansae is not demanding: it grows 
in almost any soil, provided the soil does 
not hold water stagnant over too lon 
time. The ground should be well drained. 
It is not necessary that it should be deep 
soil for the plant has no tap-root. The 
coarse fibery roots cannot penetrate into 
hard clayey soil. It does get along with a 
minimum of nourishment and water, 
tenaciously clinging to life under long ne- 
glect, but the plant will respond to good 
treatment, an occasional watering during 
the hot summer months, and a little ferti- 
lizer. Under favorable growing condi- 
tions—i.e. fairly loose soil, with leafmold 
and some plant debris—it will grow many 


~ 


LEAVES 


times the size generally seen where it has 
to live in some out- _ corner, 
where nothing else will 

_ Bromelia balansae is faicly frost-re- 


on the upper leaf surfaces. 
ere are numbers of xerophytic and 
semi- ng sia plants of similar growing 
abits that eeable com- 
panion oe to Br. balansae, for ex- 
ample the hechtias, dyckias, and the showy 
puyas. All these may be seen at their best 
from early spring when the days warm up 
until autumn in the re Desert 
Garden, San Marino, where Mr. William 
Hertrich, Curator Anecies suahlekel 
them about forty years a 


PICTURE 


COVER 
he rahe ea which sane the 


With the tase ose in mind of 
helpin ng to clarifying som this nomencla- 


a 

r most unfavorable condi- 
tions tb Rages its own. Wi i i 
overgro surrounding p 
(debris port vier for p 
of the co 


wit yea tw 
more mal proportions, ats a fi 
spread aud matching . t, 


oo 
ae 
+ 
~p 
un 


to life at its oe 

* * * 
Sunday tours at the Arboretum conducted for 
the en —_— nt and edification o 


of the 
scutes vin Sunday fo 


p. u 

tours for spons 

be: visitors along its finished road system. 

Arrangements for the latter type of tour may 
m by calling the Arboretum offices 

DOuglas 7-3444 


m's . storical area are — 
o 4:00 


ring the ak: prearranged conducted 


Te Se ee re ee RCE Te ee 


public visitors — 
ith creiteind success 
ing January — 


eaten al 


SPRING 1955 35 


PLANT INTRODUCTIONS FOR 1954 
PHILIP EpwARD CHANDLER 
(con’t. from Vol. V, No. 1) 
n., 195 


Verbena peruviana (V. chamaedryfolia) 
is an evergreen, almost ever-blooming, 
perennial prostrate ground cover, with 
scabrous gray-green leaves 1”-2” long, ob- 
long or lance-oblong and pointed, sharply 
serrate or dentate, tapering at the base. 
The profusion of flowers are scarlet in 


bronze slightly with cold nights. It has 

long been established on the van estate 
in Bel Air, and in a few gardens in Santa 
Barbara, but only this year has it appeared 
On the market, A native of Peru, southern 


is it has alread taken firm hold an 


racena eee “(Condling mar gi- 
“dta) is one of the most valua f all 
silhouctte plants, the world sicnitd, Never 


ut few purchasers realize its 
ultimate pattern value unless familiar with 


it in tropical countries. Extremely slender 
stems of rough taupe-gray rise from the 
ground in multiples, in close arrangement. 
ves, to 2’ long, 
gray-green edged with maroon, form a 
oose whorl at the end of each branch, and 
they drop off as new ones appear at the 
branch terminals. The total composition is 
a slender line-drawing of vertical to lean- 
ing stems topped with ribboned whips. An 
most indestructible house 


of Crassula argentea 

An almost ally fascinating dracaena 

s D. aurea, a much-branched Hawaiian 
sie with long narrow golden-green 
leaves (in California), without petioles, 
clustered at ends of branches where hang 
(in Hawaii, probably not in California— 
at least not in the average — situa- 
tion) clusters of 2” flower glo 


growth in California, the light, 
succulent ribbon-like leaves, distinctively 
d faintly lined hori 


uy 
Sr ialee « nt pe brittoni. 


Continued next issue 


36 LASCA LEAVES 


Courtesy of “De La Mare Garden Books” 


ALFRED CARL HOTTES—A TRIBUTE 
V.T. STOUTEMYER 
University of California—Los Angeles 


HortTICULTURE lost a unique and dynamic figure with the sudden passing of Alfred 
Carl Hottes in La Jolla on February 28. His death was the result of a cerebral hemor- 
rhage while hanging pictures at a local gallery. 

Mr. Hottes was born at Ithaca, New York, March 16, 1891. He graduated from 
Cornell University in 1913 and one year later received the Master's degree from the 
same institution. He served as an instructor in floriculture for two years at Cornell, 
leaving in 1916 to go to Ohio State University to head up the work in floriculture and 
ornamental horticulture. At Ohio State he wrote many of his books on gardening, 


a ae ee ee ee ee ey Re ee lg 


Oe 


ea 


‘y 


ee ae 


— 


SPRING 1955 37 


which sold widely. He built up facilities which laid the foundation of one of the out- 
standing centers of floricultural instruction and research. 

In 1929 Mr. Hottes left Ohio State to join the staff of the Meredith Publishing 
Company, Des Moines, Iowa, where he was garden editor of ‘Better Homes an 
Gardens” until 1942. This was followed by a move to Ja Lolla, California, where he 


r. Hottes was a born collector and most of these hobby interests were pursued 
over relatively long periods of time. Many of his writings reveal considerable erudition 


As a man of unusual versatility and many interests, perhaps it is significant that he 
was greatly attracted by a number of great figures of art and literature of the Renais- 
sance type such as Leonardo da Vinci, Goethe, Rembrandt, and others and had made a 
detailed study of their lives. 

Unquestionably, the influence of the late Liberty Hyde Bailey at Cornell University* 
was the guiding inspiration for his career. The boo ottes complemente 
admirably the massive contributions of Bailey, but were oriented toward the amateur 
and the student, as well as the professional horticulturist. His books on plant propaga- 
tion, ‘The Book of Annuals,” "The Book of Perennials,” ‘The Book of Shrubs,” ‘The 
Book of Trees,” “Climber and Ground Covers,” “Garden Facts and Fancies,” “One 
Thousand and One Garden Questions Answered,” and others influenced and guided a 
whole generation of gardeners and students of horticulture. 

He was unusually gifted in sketching, and in later life took up water color painting. 
He completed many paintings of species of ornamental trees and shrubs grown in Cali- 
fornia to illustrate a book on the subject. Unfortunately, the cost of publication made 
“ie appearance of this volume impossible. It could have been published with line 
illustrations, but he steadfastly refused to compromise on his original plan for the book. 


Although he never married, he was fond of children and they were instinctively 
attracted to him. His unusually wide circle of warm friends substituted for family life. 
His interest in humanity was matched also by a fervent love, not only of plants, but of 
the larger world of nature. He was one of those unforgettable personalities we en- 
Counter all too seldom. 
ntti 

*See p. 47, current issue, Lasca Leaves. 


38 


BLUE-FLOWERED NATIVE PLANTS OF CALIFORNIA 
P. C. EVERETT 
Superintendent of the Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, Calif. 


Vistrors to Rancho Santa Ana Botanic 
Garden for many years have often com- 
mented favorably upon the naturalistic 
massing of native annuals, perennials and 
shrubs. One of the frequent and interest- 
ing comments has been regarding the 
wealth of blue-flowered native plants seen 
in these displays. This interest has sug- 
gested a few remarks which may give 
ideas to ie adventurous gardener who is 
seeking new ways to create different moods 
or effects. 

Considering the subject of flower color 
for the garden, especially the lack or 
abundance of certain colors, it is astonish- 
ing to find that from the world floras have 
come comparatively few blue-flowered 

lants for cultivation. One can dig 
through long lists of plants and pick out a 
large number of shades or hues which 
might be incorporated under the term 
“blue” but quickly thinking about what is 
generally used, the list is not long. Stud- 
ies made of various world floras indicate 
that less than ten per cent of the species 
of the world’s plant population are blue- 
flowered. This rarity of blue flowers has 
been attributed to the fact that this color 
ps agi mutations 
which are supposed to be r 

If one follows the exact science of color, 
then the California flora could be said to 
y blue-flowered plants. 
Using the color in its broadest sense in 
this discussion, it can be stated that we 
have an extremely rich flora containing 
blue-flowering plants. Particularly do we 
find such plants inhabiting 


Nevada, and the coastal slopes of southern 
California. It has been stated that yellow- 
flowered species are predominant in the 
desert regions, white in the arctic and 
sub-arctic regions. 
in the hot deserts. 
number of blue-flowered species, but one 
can hardly i that they dominate the des- 
ert floral scene 


LASCA LEAVES 


The majority of the blue-flowered spe- 
cies are among the annuals, perennials and 
bulbous groups; however, there are many 
blue-flowered shrubs found among the 
California wild a pia lupines, and 
nightshades. There blue-flowered 
native trees even ‘hone some ae our na- 
tive shrubs attain almost tree-like propor- 
tions. 


mon blue-flowered annuals and bulbous 
plants, following with the perennials and 
closing with some of the shrubby plants. 
Perhaps the easiest to grow of our annuals 
are the commonly known Globe Gilias, 


have finely cut feathery foliage, grow up 
to 3 feet tall, and are topped with many 
heads of bright blue to violet flowers. Al- 
though they do well in nearly all soil — 
types, they prefer age loams and the seed 

own in the fall, before the — 


winter rains. Best ae are obtained by © 


first loosening the to 


light raking followed by a 


soil, broadcasting 


ing. ae should take place with- — 


na week o 
occasional ee when rains do not 
come 
well-developed plants by “ei springs 
Flowering will continue well in 
even June, if additional septate a 
lo esgic 


the garden 


If weeded and given an | 
requently enough, one should have | 
y Or 


Aw 


fe) 
colored flowers makes striking pictures in 


n the Waterleaf Family we have the — 


phacelias and nemophilas, both of which 
are well-kno 


deep violet flowers, P. viscida of a 
salvia blue with a white center, P. ae 


n and quite widely grown. 
Among these is Phacelia Parryi pot | 


| 


int 


Setatelinitigleeees dh iimmeatie riety ik te de ea es ey | = Cy 


¥ 


= 


- _— 


SPRING 1955 


open or gravelly soils. Phacelia 
campanularia has been one of the most 
difficult species to germinate, but recently 
we sowed the seed in a covering of crushed 
granite and it did beautfully. The plants 
were well-branched, to 2 feet tall and 
covered with many large bell-like flowers 
of the most intense salvia blue shading 
into white centers. 


One of the most charming members of 
the Waterleaf Family is Baby Blue Eyes or 
Nemophila Menziesii. This loosely spread- 


in diameter. 
It is best used along pathways or as a 
foreground plant in contrast with more 
vivid colors. As a companion, one should 
tty the Spotted Nemophila (Nemophila 
maculata), an inhabitant of the meadows 
of the central Sierra Nevada. This low 


of our native coreopsis (Coreopsis mari- 
uma) make a very gay picture. 


Ing many species of annuals, 


and shrubs. From seacoast and desert to 


39 


high mountain tops, from one end of the 
State to the other, one will find this in- 
trepid plant growing under nearly every 
conceivable condition. It is interesting to 
note how few of the lupines have ever 
been introduced into cultivation. The Rus- 
sell Lupines, which have been selected 
from one of our native species, are the 
only ones c xperi- 
ence indicates that the lupines would not 
always be amenable to the usual cultural 
procedures. However, for dry hillsides or 


number of very lovely species that can be 
adequately tamed to meet our require- 
ments. Lupinus nanus is one of the most 
useful and commonly cultivated varieties. 
Seldom growing over eight inches tall and 
with equal spread, this dainty little plant 
produces a profusion of ric ue an 

white flowers. A plant small in stature, the 
seed should be sown where it will be near 
at hand and occupy a position of some im- 
portance for proper effects. Another spe- 
cies common to our southern California 
hills, especially in the heavier clay soils, is 
the Annual Blue Lupine, Lupinus succu- 


tall plants turn many dry grassy slopes to 
a deep blue. California Poppies are a 
natural component of the scene and the 
two in combination make an unforgettable 
picture. Perhaps of even greater beauty is 
Lupinus Benthamii, found in the Te 
achapi Mountains, growing abundantly 
with the California P i 


This species g 
tall, has rich gentian blue flowers with a 
yellow spot in the center of the standard, 
arranged closely on long stems reaching 
well above the main body of the plant. 
Unfortunately it is rather difficult to grow 
under cultivation unless one has a porous 
gritty soil. There are many other species 
that could be considered, but space limits 
this discussion to a few examples of what 
might be expected in this large and varied 
group containing plants of all sizes and 
shapes and ranging in colors from deep 
blues, purples, violets, lavenders, yellows, 
whites and to all their intermediate shades. 


40 LASCGA 
To add further change to the garden, 
one should consider the broadiaeas, com- 
monl nown as Wild Onions, Blue 
Dicks, Harvest Brodiaea, Grass Nuts, and 
Ithuriel’s Spear. Bulbs or seeds may be 
purchased trom specialists; and colonies 
will survive for years, if undisturbed by 
humans and rodents. There are several 
beautiful species, such as Brodiaea laxa, 
coronaria, capttata, and aioe whic 
bear large umbels of deep blue to violet- 
purple funnelform flowers on rather stout- 
ish stems up to 2!/, feet tall. Heavy soils 
that are allowed to bake in the summer 

nths and areas where they are allowed 
to establish themselves in a naturalistic 
manner are preferred. 


the native irises and penstem 
may be purchased from the specialist 
nurseryman as growing plants or see ed. 
None of them is difficult to grow, each 
f seed 


high shade further inland. A good loamy 
soil is preferred, but other types are found 
to be acceptable. The most commonly 
grown native iris is the Redwood Iris, J. 
Douglasiana, and the variously named 
horticultural varieties, whic 


even orchid commercially available, while 
in the wild, wide choice of 
colors from almost white to deep purple. 
more beautiful picture can one 
create than to have a broad sweep of the 
edwood Iris and the California Poppy ? 
They are in flower at the same time from 
late March to May, depending somewhat 
on climatic conditions, and on bright days 
the effect is quite breath-taking. There are 
other not so well-known species that fit in 
well with the Redwood Iris and prolong 
the flowering season. One, 1. Munzii, a 
taller and more robust species from an 
isolated section in the southern Sierra su 
vada, has flowers that most nearly 
proach a true sky blue. It is easily oe 


LEAVES 


from seed as are most of the native iris, — 
and we hope will become popular with the _ 
iris fanciers. Iris innominata, a native 0 
Oregon, and an exceedingly lovely yellow 
ee ‘but highly variable, is being used 

great deal in hybridizing with the Calt- 
Sea iris. 

Like the lupines, the penstemons are 
found in nearly all parts of California. 
Among the many species is a wide range 
of the shades of blue, the most noteworthy 
being P. azureus, heterophyllus, and hete- 
rophyllus Purdy, all producing a great 
profusion of rich blue flowers on rather 
ae -growing plants that may spread out 

2 feet. Penstemon laetus is a less well- 
nee species that has rich blue to bluish- 
purple flowers. Penstemon spectabilis, 
often called Blue Beard-Tongue, is a 
taller and coarser species with long spikes 
up to 2 feet above a 3-foot plant with 
equal spread. The large, branching in- 


florescence is covered with hundreds of — 


lavender-purple flowers with blue lobes, 
often more or less a deeper blue. All of 
the penstemons need well-drained soils, 
preferably of a gritty nature, and should 
be allowed to be on their own after estab- 
lished. They will do well under general 


culture, but will live longer when left en- _ 


api alone. When used in alae on 
ry hillside, one will be amply repaid 


rae the masses of flowers dices in the | 


later spring and early summer months — 
when one’s enthusiasm for gardening 
tends to lag. 

Among the large number of California 


These are the nightshades, some of the 
members of the Sage Family, the Califor- 
nia wild lilacs (Ceanothus species); and — 
the semi-woody lupines. The nightshades 


lina Nights tshade, 
est. It is an inhabitant of Santa Catalina 4 
Island, is a soft shrubby type of plant that — 
attains a maximum size of about 5 feet by 


airy 
Antic the saat from early fall to late 


xe ae 


ail 


te 


sail 


Sd 


SPRING 1955 


spring. During the middle winter months, 
inch-wide lavender blue to purple flowers 
appear in clusters of six or more blossoms. 
In combination with its island companion, 
Coreopsis gigantea, the bright yellow- 
flowered Tree Coreopsis, and our common 
component of the soft chaparral, Encelia 
californica, one has a welcome bit of early 
seasonal color. 

The sages contain a number of plants 
that might be used, but we will discuss 
here briefly only the salvias and Woolly 
Blue Curls (Trichostema lanatum). There 
are annuals, perennials, and shrubs listed 


4 prominent part of the garden. Probably 
the most distinctive of the salvias is S. 
Clevelandii, from the dry hills of San 
Diego County. It has very deep blue 
flowers borne in whorls on a slender stem 
to 1 foot or more above a 2- to 3-foot tall 


on warm days 


from the plants and is the 
cause of constant inquiries by the visitors 
as to what is the source of such a distinc- 
tive odor, 

We think of Woolly Blue Curls or 
Romero (Trichostema lanatum) as one of 
the aristocrats of the Sage Family. Many 
long spikes of deep blue flowers clothed 
with a dense violet wool are borne on a 


able comment. 

The Bush or Tree Lupines are generally 
unknown in cultivation except by the gar- 
dener who has sought out plants that need 
little care. Ranging in size from 2 to 8 


41 


mes 
Lup:nus armoreus, longifolius, excubitus, 

nel, Brittonii, Chamissonis and mol- 
lissifolius. They have dark green to silvery 
gray leaves and the flower spikes will rise 


and is common along the coast. 
deep yellow flowers shading into the blue 
and lavender tones. Under cultivation, it 
never seems to be as attractive as one finds 
it along the seacoast, where it is often con- 
fused with Spanish Broom 

The other species of Tree Lupines are 
very hardy individuals and need dry situ- 
ations for best results. Growing plants 


flat or directly into the garden. Soaking 
in water overnight will speed up the 


They bloom for three or four months be- 
ginning with their first flowers at whatever 
time of the year they have reached suffici- 
ent maturity, but normally in early spring 

d continuing on through June in our 
altitudinal range. 

So much has been written about the 
California Wild Lilacs (Ceanothus) that 
it seems superflous to say more. But one 
cannot write about blue flowers without 
giving them their due recognition. Cer- 
tainly of all the shrubs in California, the 
California Wild Lilacs are the best known 
and considered by many to be the finest of 
all our groups of shrubs. More attention 
has been given them towards developing 
new and more satisfactory types for our 
gardens than for any other type of native 

lant. Sierra Blue, Mountain Haze, Sky 
Blue, Mary Lake, Royal Blue, Julia Phelps 
are just a few of the more recent good 
introductions. Blues in all their glory are 
personified in the delicate, almost ephem- 


42 LASCA 


eral, flowers that clothe these shrubs in 


late spring, 
hills from one end of the state to the other 
is softened to smoky blues or white by the 
thick clothing of this common constituent 
of the plant life of our state. To go along 
with this range in color, is an pari 
diversity of sizes and shapes of plant 
From the creeping and_ half bettas 
forms of the coastal regions to the tall 
upright forms, we have a wide choice of 
material for garden usages. Banks, back- 
grounds, hillside coverings and specimen 
plants are all there for the choosing. True, 
some of the species prove to be short- lived 
in cultivation and have to be replaced, but 
there are now some of the horticultural 
varieties that seem to withstand common 
arden culture. Careful choosing and 
placement of these varieties will add a 
new tone to your garden. One that will 
add color, while evoking exclamations of 
delight from your garden visitors, and 


LEAVES 


serving as a useful foil for other plants. 


there are few plants that can compete, es- 
pecially where little care and water is the — 
order of the day. And to tie the garden 


make a welcome addition to the modea 4 
garden. 


1955 CALIFORNIA INTERNATIONAL FLOWER SHOW 


The California Internati onal Flower Show at 
Hollywood Park thrilled See of visi- 
tors again on its ten , Ma 
20. Full facilities of t 


Hou use and Pavillion on two floors— 
ore than 200 "Reauite exhibits 


offer: 
groups, fic 
cing 
areas typical o 
e€ across sink 


setting a 
ony with ues er azaleas in full bloom, a 


EDITORIAL COMMENT 
Lasca Leaves has published the following illustrative and sapien aie contributions of Alfred C 
Hottes; the magenta are from his original scratchboard sketches 
Vo 8: illustration and description of Pe em texanum. 
4, p. Bs illustration and description of Helichrysum petiolatum. 
1, p. 21: illustration and description of Odontospermum sericeum. 
es illustrations, brief paper on Fuchsias 
. 88: illustration, Kigelia pinnata, Sausage Tree, divectubaediary to paper on 


Vol. III, No. 
Vol. IV, No. 
Vol. IV, ss 
Vol. IV, No. 4, 
this subject Vol. iV. No. 


ae 38: 2 pag 


country garden in the Mediterranean manner * 


owing its influence on suburban living in 
Southern California, dwarf citrus, an Ea 

parade by bulb growers of id State of Wash- 
sler Mo 


ington in cooperation with t 
ati 


ora 
ian Pr wl Ta success of this ae event. 
Frep W. ROEWEKAMP 


SPRING 1955 43 


PIG. 


Support and dew gauge in position at the 7.5 cm. level above bare soil, Station 1. 


DEW RESEARCH AT THE ARBORETUM 


Louts B. 

THE morning of Dec. 31, 1954, at 
approximately 7:00 a.m., the final dew 
eposition observation was recorded. 
Thus concluded two years of daily dew 


observations at the first dew research sta- 
tion in the United States. 
Dr. Seibert, Lasca Leaves, Vol. 3, No. 
3, 1953, introduced our readers to the es- 
tablitaece of the dew gauge station and 
gave a detailed description of the methods 
and materials involved. 
vdevani invented and de- 
veloped the | “optical” method of dew ob- 
servation as it is called. This work was 
carried out at the Dew Research Station, 
Karkur, Israel. The a reason 
for his studies was to fin imple, re- 
si method for measuring ie extreme- 


this research 3 in the province of ari 
sections of t rid. 

Early in 1953, Dr. Duvdevani came to 
the Earhart Laboratories to carry on cer- 
tain research fundamental to understand- 


MARTIN 


ng the use of dew by wait His en- 
thusiasm and rather str ong concern for 
dew research brought about the establish- 
ment of the first dew — in the United 
States at ee Arboretu 

MATERIALS AND METHODS 
Three stations were set up. Station 1, 
was over bare soil. St 


face, consisted of five levels, 1 meter to 5 
meters above the ground, spaced at meter 
intervals 

A dew gauge is a small piece of speci- 
a “gti and painted wood, (see Fig. 

>. kh exposed horizontally at the 
various epee levels. The gauges were 
set out each evening and read in the morn- 
Daily readings were ceded at 
the end of each month. These data, con- 
verted to millimeters of precipitation, were 
used to plot the curves to be presented 
next 


LASCA 


RESULTS 
In Fig. 1, the monthly dew totals in 


dinate. The 


to the Ms bicoah June, 1 

Stat 1 (Bare Soil, 
shape of the two curves is ‘ares similar. 
From Jan. through April, of both years, 
there was relatively more dew than for an 
other period of the year. The least deposit 
occurred between May and July, 53 and 
between May and Aug., 53. In Aug., 53 
and Sept. '54, a second peak occurred. If 
one were to connect the points for Dec. 
53 with those for Jan. ‘54 and then draw 
a base line at approximately the 2.0 mm. 
level, a wave like pattern appears for the 
dew distribution throughout the year. The 
frequency of each crest is about three 
months, as is each trough. The amplitude 
for any particular crest or trough is simi- 
lar in both years. The total amount of dew 


53-54). The 


| 


Pee oa This sta- 
the 30. cm. level only 
from Jan. to April; however, the curve 


ee 


LEAVES 


for the monthly dew totals during thi 


level, crests and troughs 4 
onthly dew total distribution. Here the | 
eeRae A of dew for the various months 
compare closely with those of Station 2. 
The similarity of pattern of the curv 
for the three stations was of particular | 
interest. 4 
Dew GRADIENT 
The monthly amounts of dew at each © 
level for any particular station, known as | 
the dew gradient, can be obtained fro 
the curves. 
This gradient for Station 1 divides the 
dew distribution into three periods. Firs 
from Dec. through March, the rainy sea: 


deposited near the ground. 


ond, from April through Aug., no definite 


STATION 1 


x 


sping aetna 


STATION 2 
Fic. 2. Graphs of monthly dew di 


me we ewe ee 


STATION 3 


stribution for Stations 1, 2, and 3. 


SPRING 1955 45 


direction of the dew gradient was ob- 
served ; generally, the amounts of dew de- 
Cieased from the mid-levels toward the 


the ground upward. The cycle beginning 
again with Dec. with increasing dew 
amounts toward the ground. 

_ The monthly gradients for °53 at Sta- 
tion 2 were similar to those of Station 1. 

A somewhat sega gradient picture 
was observed for Station 3. Beginning 
with July, 53, dhubigh “Oct. the gradient 
increased upward. From Nov. ’43 through 
June, i the ieee aga increased 
downwa year was 
established res than de ‘hae period 
bap as was observed for the other two 
S 

DISCUSSION 

The Duvdevani “‘optical’’ method for 
Pee precipitation deposited as dew 
is simple and direct. n be used any- 
where in the world, at any pin The 
Most serious fault of the method lies in 
the cost of the gauge itself. Work b 
Duvdevani and others is in progress to 
ease this difficulty 

In Israel, bie demonstrated that 
beneficint visible differences occurred in 
plant structure as a result of exposure to 
dew. At the Earhart Laboratories he dem- 
Onstrated that plant leaves could absorb 
water in the form of a mist, translocate it 


general, as well as, 
Serving as a model station for others in 
the United States 

We wish to thank Mr. Dewey Nelson 
and Mr. Jack Fawcett, without whose de- 


ert for his interest and counsel 
during this project. 


BIRD NOTES 
W. DAN QUATTLEBAUM 


boretum seem a to be one of the 
erm California. The 
I 


number. The Lake attracts many waterfowl 
Early November, 1954, a fl f about 100 
ent a day on lake. This 


seen at one time a 


if I may include the Peacock, at Arboretum 
(1) It is one of the few p ti some sa 
the only place, in this country where peacocks 
are Ba - . on their own, range, 
and n s they may choose jas i 
sry ae Red- bellied Hawk not a resident 


i 

y in and settle in the cattails and tules to 
spend the night. After sek sii hd they serenade 
the departing day with a wonderful “halleluiah 
chorus.” 


top o e tree, and where I sto 
tree ees as if it were full of blackberries. 
CALENDAR 


anium gee sda hold 
a 


The International Ger 
annu e a, Calif., 


The 
plane ed fee rie night of June 11 
, will “hold their 


ing. It t nnual mee 
clubs Miss Dione Biddle is sg "hale 
speake 


creat California Camellia Society holds its 
ast meeting of the 1954-55 season, Tuesda 

i i t the San Marino ia 
en’s Club House, ivi Huntington Drive. 


members, em 
called to order rod Pr coreg Haro d 

new president will be installed at this meeting. 
No featured aenakees: but a panel discussion. 


46 LASCA LEAVES 


GROWING NOTES 


GEORGE H. SPALDING 


THE ARBORETUM was presented in 1951 
with two plants of a semi-prostrate pyra- 
cantha labelled P. Walderi. We have been 
unable to verify the validity of this name 
to date. An exhaustive search of the litera- 
ure is being made so we hope to have 
additional data for a future note in this 


umn, 

Several lots of cuttings have been taken 
at various times of the year. Success in 
I as been varied and the 
group placed in bottom heat in July of 
1952 gave the greatest percentage of 
strike. 

The illustration shows a group of about 
a dozen plants of this pyracantha planted 
near our lathhouse. 

It cannot be classed as a true prostrate 
form as a portion of the new growth is 
upright. We prune the upright stems off 
as they appear so that the berries will 
show off well. 


In common with the better forms of 
pyracantha, it holds its berries for several 

The birds do not seem to like 
them until they are well aged but can 
clean a bush in jig time when they start. 

No trouble has been experienced to 
date with insects or disease but the plants 
are growing vigorously, and are in very 
healthy condition. What the experience 
will be under less favorable conditions re- 
mains to be seen. 

The plants shown are about three years 
old, 3 ft. in diameter and were wel 
berried in January when the photo was 
taken. The red berries are large and more 
orange than red. A red filter was used for 
this picture to make the berries stand out 
clearly and gives an accurate view of num- 
ber of berries per plant. 

fter four years of observation we feel 
that this is a very worth while plant and 
should be more widely used. 


ee 


SPRING 1955 47 


NAMES, NOTES AND NEWS 


ON CHRISTMAS NIGHT there passed away 
in Ithaca, New York, one of this country’s 
distinguished men. Ha i 
March, 1955, he would have been 97 
years old. It helps one realize how long 
was his span of botanical activity to know 
that as a graduate student at Harvard 
University, Liberty Hyde Bailey assisted 

sa Gray for two years. Gray died in 
1888. 


Educated at Michigan State College, 
Dr. Bailey began his professional career 
5 ie 


and active working year 

spent. He went there some sixty-five years 
ago as a member of the faculty in Agri- 
culture, later to become dean and to or- 
ganize and build up a modern college. In- 
deed it was largely through his efforts that 
instruction in agriculture and horticulture 
was developed in a modern way and that 
much of the formal work began in fields 
like plant breeding, plant pathology, and 
plant physiology. Californians may be 
interested to learn that later the University 
of California offered him the deanship of 
its College of Agriculture, but that he de- 
cided to remain in New York state. Dr. 
Bailey retired as dean at Cornell in 1913. 


work in this family. 


Dr. Bailey is undoubtedly most widely 
known for his writings on economic 


Beginning at a very early period he grew 
plants in his own and the University’s 
gardens, not only for breeding work but 
to learn something about their kinds and 
forms. After retiring from active admin- 
istrative work he i 


the systematic botany o 
cultural importance. He himself acted as 
director of this institution until quite re- 
cently. 

Through the Hortorium’s official journal 
“Gentes Herbarum’” many important arti- 
cles have been published, including papers 
by Bailey himself on the cultivated bras- 
sicas, cucurbitas, and hostas, etc., as well 
as thousands of pages on blackberries and 
palms. Still better known are Bailey's 
books like the Standard Cyclopedia of 
Horticulture, Cyclopedia of American 
Agriculture, Manual of Cultivated Plants, 
and Hortus. There were also innumerable 
lesser volumes like The Holy Earth, The 
Gardener, The Gardener’s Han k, 
How Plants Get Their Names, Manual of 
Gardening, The Nursery-Manual, The 


Evergreens, etc. 

one man combining in a 
single lifetime a series of careers (educa- 
tor, administrator, systematic botanist, 
horticulturist) any one of which would 
have earned him permanent fame. Per- 
haps the most fitting way to remember 
this great and vigorous man will be as 
Dean of American Horticulturists. 


PHiLiep A. MUNZ 


LASCA 


NAMES, NOTES AND NEWS 


Mr. Victor C. Davies, Managing Director of 
Duncan poe Davies, Ltd., Nurseries, New Ply- 
mouth Ww 


and, and Mrs. Da avies, ~ ea 
on 


rough 
to receive s 
pro rig new lawn grass from New ealan 
and Australia, one which shows oasis 
promise at the A = wire asa ‘cdicmiandal resistant, 
year-round green lawn gra 


Arbor Week: the ee was able to accept 
and carry through Arbor Week ceremonies wit 
the help and ages of the Los mg 
Garden Club = Las Jardineras. Las Jar 
neras contribut cere for the ie igs x es 
Magnolia Canphe llii to add to the growing 
magnolia collection, a most ae duplicate 
of this beautiful Himalayan Sona: bon only 
in the h. The n Club 


ajubea 
cocoides. hips pees ceremony took sive on 
March 4th, a 


Major Brae a a Wormley, England, sone 


ing in this country, ho the Arboretum 
February 11th b jas 3 several oa 
erving devel p ures ce 

noted English horticulturis, Maj rves 
n the Board of yal Horie Socie iety 


e John pack iad tit ute. The s Pami- 
ov of the Amaryllidaceae family was named 
rt Major Pam weithi n recent 


veo Shade nes Gonlerenc ay 
Conven tion, Aug. 1955: San 


Annual 


workers, scienti 


field of a 


iam 
of Griff ee Serv 
oo Barbara. Committee chairmen are as fol. 


" Wrade Exhibits—Ray v0 Hartman, Leonard 
Coates Nurseries, San Jos : Education Exhibits 
—Lynn M. F. Harriss, fae a — 
City 


Hall " Oakland. Properties —Finl 
f Parks, a Ba a Safe 


Domssieutioas ck ; Mane a A. P 
Dept., Ci l, s Angeles; Publicis fe 
Walter J. Barrows, Supt. of Parks, City Hall, 
deg Field Demonstrations—Dale 


pany, 117 14 No. Mentor Ave., Pasadena; Ladies’ 
Program—Mrs., J. S. Harris, Pe Hemet Park 


LEAVES | 


oe 234 ee Buena Vista, Hemet. 
tive program beginning at 2:00 p.m 
Sunday. “Tal 3 Ist, 1955, and ending with a trip 


eys commencing at 1:3 
on Yadey, jaa 5th, has been scheduled 
and will Be announced in detail in the nex 
f aves sides business meet- 

s and events, including a boat trip and 
i ual ets s for the women attending, — 
ative interest 


° 
t=] 
om 
tal 
va) 
a0 
Bo 
or 
55 
& 
) 
5 
Qa. 


e€ 

runing. 
for the mer is ) 
No. 3) for Seabee ee ils. 


‘ 
EB: 


B 
De Gardeyne Boke: “A ie on of Quota 
tions he pected and Sent — Gathe red aa 
Arranged by Jennie Day Decorations 
by Spencer Wright, Pu blished is Paul Elder 
id Co., San Francisco and New York, 1906.” 


eae § “B arden 

a place of spiritual paced meine. peace, re- 
fecskonkak: delight 

RUSSELL J. SEIBERT 


The ibe ait Pits venture. A Tribute to Alice” 
Eastwood, 1859-1953: Susanna Bryant Dakin. 
coreg ne ie of Sciences, San Franciscdll 
1954 


Alice Eastwood was a 
fornian and west American 
14 


e en ife 
dwood grove has been named for her, a picnic 
pee near at oe foot of Mt. Tamalpais is all 


a 


the volume bein ted to one ss 

ood’s mo ap e is 
titled “Early Botanical Explorers on the Pac 
Coast and th e€ 


3 
Miss Eastwood in both her 
later years. 


SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURAL INSTITUTE 


OFFICERS 1954 


PRONTO ie eek aed ws FRED W, ROEWEKAMP 
Vice-President and Executive Secretary........ RONALD B. TOWNSEND 
SENS ht cask oh eae A GEORGE H. SPALDING 
fs Sane ree Cee ta eR Sentra MR mon Mt etTY KENNETH BISHOP 


BOARD OF DIRECTORS 


WILLIAM BERESFORD Percy C. EVERETT 
MANCHESTER BopbDy EARLE E. HUMPHRIES 
HowarpD BODGER MILDRED E,. MATHIAS 
PHILIP EpwARD CHANDLER ALFRED W. ROBERTS 
RALPH D. CORNELL RONALD B. TOWNSEND 


RICHARD WESTCOTT 


ADVISORY COUNCIL 


SAMUEL AYRES, JR. Murray C, McNEIL 
ROBERT CASAMA JOR MANFRED MEYBERG 
Henry R. Davis LOVELL SWISHER, JR. 
HuGH Evans Roy F, WILcox 
MEMBERSHIPS 
Auuel Oey 6a ood weer wa «eee ee $ 5.00 year 
5.00 year 


Contributing: Merabet : 0.6 oo ene oe ee es 25.00 year 
Commercial Membet. oie is cee rcs tone 50.00 year 
DuaSCalinenis ICME 36s Li's Cae bw Se sae ee 50.00 year 


Life Membershiy oc 06 eos Ove s ae chee cana F 500.00 


Ask the Secretary about privileges of each membership class. 


MEETINGs: 2nd Thursday of each month, Plummer Park, 
7377 Santa Monica Boulevard 
Fiesta Hall of the Community Building 


ADDRESS 
Box 688—Arcadia—California 
Telephone DOuglas 7-3444 


at a 


ae the South ern Gelieoonis Horticultural Institute | 


CALIFORNIA 


md 
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CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC. 


BOARD OF TRUSTEES 


PAE Fock secs tea Oe Lea ees SAMUEL AYRES, JR. 
dis eluate ees Mrs. Harry J. BAUER 
Pe oo ke en Ge terre a es ROBERT CASAMAJOR 
PARE bloc aoe edt ou Pe eed ks ae Howarp A. MILLER 

RALPH D. CORNELL Mrs. JOHN R. MAGE 

Mrs. RICHARD Y. DAKIN SAMUEL MOSHER 

JOHN ANSON Forp Mrs. RUDOLPH J. RICHARDS 

J.D. FUNK HAROLD F.. ROACH 

WILLIAM HERTRICH Mrs. WILLIAM D. SHEARER 

LIONEL LouIs HOFFMANN HENry C. SoTo 

CHARLES S. JONES FRANK E, Titus 

JOHN C. MACFARLAND Frits W. WENT 


HONORARY TRUSTEES 


FRED W, ROEWEKAMP Mrs. J. J. GALLAGHER 
MANFRED MyBERG 


MEMBERSHIPS 
Arias) Associate MenbeM . i. diac es Oweevarr bus eeye we $ 5.00 
MOT POCO 5 iyo heey sea feb ewe pee wanes 10.00 
Annan Contsibating Membership... o.. 2 0 c0esedasevesns 25.00 
Pema Geeta DRCIIELED os os aS ed eit a dees 100.00 
Antal Spool MSMR cs sans ca teeta aneer vees 4 250.00 
Ee DONT yd erate 228 sink 40 4G Hed wad owt eee: 500.00 
RP reece at woman ad cea ene ae $1,000.00 or more 
TU RRCIOEE Fk Gia o's Mk ok See Ro oe 5,000.00 or more 


Club memberships are available at any amount, from $10 a year or more. 
All contributions deductible under Federal Income Tax Law. 
ADDRESS 


Box 688—Arcadia—California 
Telephone DOuglas 7-3444 


ee es 


F Sores i Se teles Glcn > et rt i s rl hi 
i = cae ie lid aise MeN ig ‘3 sean hi i pene 
Fe EES ee ON a ee ee ee ee ee ce 


SUMMER 1955 


Lasca Leaves 


SS publication of the Southern California Srechar is age an arg and 
e California Arboretum Foundation, Inc. Issued on the first of 
January, April, July and Gieushies 


EDITORIAL COMMITTEE 


ROBERT CASAMAJOR MILDRED MATHIAS 
PHILiIp EDwARD CHANDLER PHitip A. MUNZ 
WILLIAM HERTRICH RUSSELL J. SEIBERT 


EDITORIAL BOARD 
Arboretums and Botanical Gardens 
Northern Califoonia—Ettzanern oman, 
Santa Barbara—KATHERINE K. MULLE 
eee. Californie]. HowarbD ioe 


EoOnomic: Pints. 5.63 5 oO eee Louis B. MARTIN 
Geo- shard ose Plait Pate ay eee Louis C. WHEELER 
Histoticahis < ics Ge, ees oe es ee ek Mrs. RICHARD Y. DAKI 

Hostiealane PO Oe ct ee en et a VERNON T. STOUTEMYER 
Landscape Desige oe 5 so ots cake sy RALPH D. CORNELL 
Native Califoniia Flores} eS oo sae was cbs Percy C. EVERETT 
ORMAR ee | ROBERT CASAMAJOR 
Omitholomial soo ce i ees as W. DAN QUATTLEBAUM 
Plant Material.......... MILpRED Davis, PHILIP EpwARD CHANDL 

Plant Pathan io soca, sien as sow ek ee vo aa «5 IERRE MILLER 
Plant: Societies. 0 Ay ss eee GEORGE H. SPALDING 
Propagat 65 ir cay ve ae W. QUINN BucK 
Succes es oo ea ed oaks ai eae Scott E. HASELTON 
Taxonomy of Brotieg 2006 lis a MILDRED MATHIAS 
Taxonomy nf Natives 5 oon a oe es Puitiep A. MUNZ 


JANET WRIGHT, Editor 


VoL. V JULY, 1955 No. 3 


CONTENTS 


Chorisia a in Southern Caltormmiase 230 So eee es Samuel Ayres, Jr. 51 
Cover: Pictiige 40> 6 ogee ae i a oe rt ae es 
Thirty- oy Neuen! Shade Tree Conference............ Walter J. Barrows 54 
Ve itch’ s Nursery: ges er Hybridizers of ichenaes Begonias 

. from 29) ok nis eee A Giese ewe Elmer J. Lorenz 56 
Bird No RES es es at a carl Gia ee We UE ee GUe chara eMalG nti We alae 60 


George Groenewegen: March 3, 1876- biog 6, 
ald P. Woolley and “esate Mathias 61 
Plant Introductions: Their Use to ay OO abrir ea au sell J. Seibert 62 
Compara si Weather Records: Los er and eaten 
Arboretum, University of California, L. A... .........- 6050s eee e ees 
ety Plane on the Arboretum 1 Grounds i in hte 


Manfred M OU Eg ay oe ia yee ts he waee 04s 
More Tabebeies Be Te POT MEOUE. Fg os ea Se oe wen 
ices Introductions for 1954 faut from Vol. V. 2.35) ..Philip E. Chandler 67 
George H. Spalding 68 


OWine INGfES oie ae eee ee eee ge Se 
phan s aie Our — a ee an ie i Glial sc V A dog's ee ipo aa 
Narhes:: INR gd GOW oy en RV cS eeieidke tae ae Ti Ja 

72 


Book Reviews and Fouscon re a aly Paes ace Ls aR Re el es 


‘payupsry advospury ‘Yjauroy *q ydyey jo Asayinod ‘ydeszsojoyg ‘vuIOsTTeD “ry jog ‘vaie 
uodury au0}g 9y} UT pajyenyIs se aded aytsoddo ay} uo sasAy “Iq Aq paqldsap 991} ay} WoIJ YULIG Y ‘paasasgoun sa0# 
Aynevaq pajtejap J19y} Jey} punosF daoqe ysry os Ayyensn ‘vsossads vis140gy Jo vawrdads v Jo swOsso[g Jo Mata dn-asoyy 


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SUMMER 1955 


CHORISIA TREES IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 


SAMUEL AYRES, JR. 


ee me a 


ei Eisddlgy egy to Club grounds 
, Ralph D. Corn 


Conese THE FACT that it is one of 


half a dozen mature chorisias in all o 
California and it is doubtful if more than 
ne person in many thousands has ever 
as or heard of one. 

I first became aware of this tree about 
fifteen years ago, when during a visit to 
Evans and Reeves Nursery, I inadvertantly 
Overheard Mr, Hugh Evans extolling the 
virtues of the tree in Bel Air to a customer. 
The drive eae naturally included a side 
trip u e Canyon Road to the Ad- 
ministration "Building of the Bel Air sub- 

ivision, now the Bel Air Hotel. m- 
ing above the patio wall of this Spanish 
colonial type building was a magnificent 
bouquet of rose- pink hibiscus- ie flowers 
such as one might conjure up in a dream 
The tree was tall and straight with a green 
trunk studded with formidable looking 


Only the leaves on the lower 


spines. 
setting off to advan- 


branches remained, 


Los Angeles area, and if n 

Why aren’t the streets in Los Angeles 
lined with these t 

are a yates other chorisia trees in 
this area, the best known being the one 
in the rear parking lot of the Automobile 
Club of Southern-California at Adams and 
Figueroa Streets. This tree had been 
planted in a private garden before the 
iam was acquired by the Automobile 
Clu unately someone knew the 


Club tree is _ quite as tall as the i Air 
tree with its approximately 75 feet of 
grandeur aa is slightly different in sev- 


with a white star-like center 

The history. of both of these trees is 
lost in antiquity. Mr. Hugh Evans thinks 
that the Bel Air tree was planted about 
50 years ago by Peter Barnhart, a well 
known horticulturist of the era for Mr. 
and Mrs. Danziger who then owned the 


Until recently another tree was growing 
on the grounds of the Veterans’ Hospital 
in Sawtelle but this one apparently died 
of neglect. A chorisia which Mr. Evans 
planted in his old garden on 24th Street 
in Santa Monica ace 30 years ago is still 


seeds which had been collected in Brazil 
by Reid Moran, a botanist on the staff of 
the University of California at Berkeley. 
From these seeds I succeeded in growing 
two plants, one of which is now thriving 


52 LASCA 
in our own garden in La Cafiada and is 
about 15 feet tall although it has not yet 
bloomed. The other was given to the Los 
Angeles State and County Arboretum 
where it is well established and from 
which a number of additional trees have 
been propagated by cuttings 

Several days ago I learned for the first 
time about another mature chorisia tree in 
Pomona in the garden of Dr. and Mrs. 
W.G. Stahl. Dr. Stahl says that the tree 
was in the garden when he acquired the 


young chorisia about nine years old which 
bloomed this past winter for the first time. 
PF mgieee! speaking, the classification 
the chorisia is somew used. Th 
aeenis is a member of the Bombax family 
(Bombacaeae) and is closely related to 


om 


principle species of chorisia. 
Speciosa or showy chorisia is the species 
described above. It is native to Brazil and 


species, eae with respect to the none 
and color of the petals. E. A. Menninger, 
Florida’s ‘flowering tree man” has carried 


valuable monograph on the subject which 
has been reprinted from the Proceedings 
of the Florida State Horticultural Society 
held in St. Petersburg, November 5, 6, 7, 
Lae. 

The other principle species of his genus 
is Chorisia insignis from 
Argentina. This species also is ene to 
but in general the tree is 


white or cream colored with brownish 
splotches near the center. Because of the 
peculiar shape of the trunk it is known 
in Spanish speaking countries as “Palo 
borracho” or drunken tree. The name has 


LEAVES 


also been applied to Chorisia speciosa 

may have a slight enlargement of 
the lower portion of the trunk but which 
is usually tall and straight. In Brazil the 
chorisia is called Paineira. 

There are at least three mature speci- 
mens of Chorisia insignis in California: 
one in the UCLA Botanic Garden in West 
Los Angeles which io a low tem- 
perature of 18° in 1949, one in Elysian 
Park in Los Angeles pyhich is probably 
Chorista alge and which according to 
arer, former Superintendent of 


Service of the U. S. Department of Agri- 


the tree there which was formerly errone- 
ously labelled as a Ceiba, has been posi- 
tively identified by recent visiting Argen- 
tinian botanists as Chorisia insignis and 

pampas plains. This 
ain the function of the dispro- 


Experiment Station in La Jolla and was 
planted in 1936 by Dr. A. M. Johnson 
and Mr. George Gruenewegen (see page 


from the apr areas of Brazil and C 
soluta from Guatemala. 
Chorisia pei is H pposeved the show- 
iest and at the me the best suited — 
for ornamental lant in Southern Cali- — 
fornia. The tree grows rapidly and in rich | 

soil and a protected location will ultimate- 

ly attain a height of 60 to 75 feet as “ | 
emplified by the Bel Air tree. Its first 
flowering usually occurs when it is cight ( 
to ten years old. The blooming period is — 
from October to January with the peak — 
occurring the latter part of November and — 
the first week or two of December. As_ 


| 


SUMMER 1955 53 


stated before, there is considerable varia- 


s and paeae| 
may be almost white or purplis 

Some trees drop only their pines leaves 
when in bloom (the Bel Air tree) while 
others are Niger pe! deciduous when in 
bloom such as the Auto Club tree. Thorns 


If i trees are to be planted in locations 
i can 
cily be scraped off and do not injure the 
tre 


Chonda Pea likes a rich soil and a 
fair amou re 


in ar 
cone habitually drops below 28°. 

e few chorisia trees in the Los An- 
Beles area rarely set seed, and this is es- 
pecially true of Chorisia speciosa. Further- 

more the seeds lose their viability within 
4 matter of weeks and in the past it has 
Proved difficult to pepe plants from 
cuttings. Dr. R il 


toot. This probably accounts for the scar- 
city of these trees in this area 


I was fortunate in being in Brazil and 


especially through the courtesy of Dr. H 
P. Krug of the Forestry Service in Sao 
Paulo and Mr. Martin Broen, Director of 
the Botanic Garden in Buenos Aires. Most 


Arboretum and were planted immediately. 
The germination was almost 100 per cent 


of the Arboretum nd trees have been 


Arboretum, in the center parkway of Sun- 
set Blvd. which was formerly a bridle 
trail. This | ends the era of scarcity of 
chorisias in Southern California. 
COVER PICTURE 

When the Los Angeles State and County 
Arboretum ari, its grounds to the ne in 
the convenience of touring the 


seen woul 


mens of multipl hog of eucalyptus the 
premises, ‘is species E. globulus ably written 
about in shir i issue 0 eaves in the 


spring a Ror (1.3.18), by the late Charles 
Gibbs Adams, Landscape Archite 


Siecle nee eames NT 

An Index e volumes of Lasca 
Leaves is edad to appea in the Autumn 
issue, 1955, Vol. V, No. 4. If any horticultural 
or or botanical groups, societies institutions, clubs, 

ir — fh appea r for reference value 
in th is Index 
by August mi foe 688, Arcadia, Cali 


54 LASCA LEAVES 


THIRTY-FIRST NATIONAL SHADE TREE CONFERENCE 
| hy Se ie 
WALTER J. Barrows, Editor, Western Chapter Newsletter 


FOLLOWING the official opening of the dents and professional practitioners alike. 
31st annual meeting of the National Shade Dr. Chandler has been honored by election 
Tree Conference, by President Carl Fen- to the National Academy of Sciences, and 
ner, at 10:00 a.m. on August 2, 1955, in given the Charles Reed Barnes Life Mem- 
Santa Barbara, Calif., an address of wel- bership in the American Society of Plant 
come will be made by Newton B. Drury, Physiologists. Dr. Chandler will speak on 
Chief of the Division of Beaches and _ the Training of Young Trees.’ 

Parks, State of California. Mr. Drury has One of the significant panels of the 
been serving the state of California in this Conference will be that on City Planning, 


capacity since 1951. Prior to that time, he onsider the Trees,’’ which w 
was director of the National Park Service ducted by Walter i “oe Director of 
for eleven years, and has long been active [Editorial Research, Sun Magazine, 


on the Save-the-Redwoods League, serv- Menlo Park, California. a of the out- 
ing as secretary of this organization for  of-state ay: of his panel will be Noel 
some twenty years. He is currently cor- B. Wys Mr. Wysong, after having 
responding member of the American So- dabhed seven n years in the Department of 
ciety of Landscape Architects, and trustee Forestry, National Park Service, Depart- 
of the National Trust for Historic Preser- ment of the Interior, became affiliated with 
vation. Mr. Drury has always evidenced a the Forest Preserve District in March, 
real interest in trees and their care. 1939. He is active in many professional 
Another distinguished speaker of the groups, and has served as president of 
opening session will be Brian O. Mulligan the National Shade Tree Conference, the © 
on the topic, “Shade and Streetside Trees Midwestern Chapter of NSTC, and the 


with Kodachromes. Currently director of _ is also member of the American Associa- — 

the University of Washington Arboretum, tion of Economic Entomologists, the Il- _ 

Mr. Mulligan was formerly horticultural linois Technical Forestry Association, and 

advisor to the Air Ministry, London, Eng- the American Phytopathological Society. — 
and, and prior to that was assistant to the Ralph D. Cornell, a second participant — 

iicctoe of the Royal Horticultural So- in Walter Doty’s panel on city planning, — 

ciety’s Gardens, of which he is also a and long-time member of the National — 

ate 


r. W. H. Chandler, Professor of the unique work, “Conspicuous California 
Agriculture, Emeritus, nares of Cali- Plants.” He has been contributor over a 
fornia at Los Angeles, whose fifty years of period of years to California Arts Archi-— 
activity in this field have inspired his lec- tecture, Asia, Golden Gardens, and other 
eo as taught at many universities, horticultural fierce Mr. Cornell is— 

mong them the University of Missouri, a trustee and sustaining member of the 
Coenal and University of California at Los Angeles State and County Arboretum — 
Los Angeles. Dr. Chandler's instructive Foundation, and is also on the Board of | 
and practical booklet, “Pruning Orna- Governors. Among his outstanding land- — 
mental Trees, Shrubs, and Vines,” pub- scaping achievements is the three and one-— 
lished as Agricultural Extension Service half year work program for the AEC at_ 
Circular No. 183, was written in collabo- Los Alamos for erosion control and land-— 
ration with Mr. Ralph Cornell and con- scaping within the ci Os. 
tains information of great value to stu- The grounds of many public buildings ing 


fo) 
a 


SUMMER 1955 55 


the Civic Center of Los Angeles have been 
landscaped by Mr. Cornell, among them 


County Courts Building. 
Master plans for Griffith Park and Elysian 
Park have also come from the office of 
Mr. Cornell 


=) 
= 
Pa 
j=} 
7 
=) 
° 
z 
z 
cr 
20g 
cr 
io 
o 
ch 
Las 3 
3 
o 
= 
jes] 
ra) 
ay 
am 
2 


Royston, and Williams, Landscape Archi- 
tects. The work of his firm is known na- 


: ry’s Square 
Park, just completed. Eckbo, Royston and 
Williams are also designers of the land- 
scape of the new Civic Center of Whittier, 
California. 

Among the valuable features of any an- 
nual meeting of the National Shade Tree 
Conference, are the educational exhibits. 
There will be featured under the direction 
of Lynn M. F. Harriss, Chairman of the 
Educational Exhibits Committee, exhibits 

icti ees. T 


Sponsored b 


an exhibit emphasizing climate control 
through the use of trees and other plants 
's being planned by the Department o 
Landscape Management of the University 
of California at Davis. 

For the ladies, a series of interesting, 
but not exhausting, activities has been 


-—, 


programmed by Mrs. Elizabeth Harris and 
her committee, the members of which ar 
working closely with the Transportation 
and Hospitality Committees so that all of 
the wives who will accompany their hus- 
bands to this conference will find their 
time profitably and pleasantly filled. 

hese are but a few highlights of a 
conference that will be of immense inter- 


are concerned with the fostering of an 


encompassed by such a program are very 
wide in range, consequently any meeting 
of the National Shade Tree Conference 
must explore many related topics. 
Climatology and ecology, arboriculture 


orestry, and city planning are all on the 
agenda for this conference. 
In addition there will be educational 
a= ee ia 


cial equipment, and safety 
demonstrations that w f major 
interest to all the delegates. 

A most cordial welcome is extended to 


fornia, August 1-5, 1955, at the Mar 
Monte Hotel ? 


CALENDAR SOLICITATION 


Plant Societies: Please 
dar mn i 


well as our general readers, b 
cerning pl and date of meeting, prog 
subject, a ran») ent subject matter, 


Foundation, Inc., Arcadia, Calif. 


56 LASCA LEAVES 


VEITCH’S NURSERY 


Pioneer Hybridizers of Tuberous Begonias 
(Concluded from Vol. V. 2.29) 
ELMER J. LORENZ 


Two more varieties named Begonia x 
Mrs. Charles Scorer and B. roseo-superba 
were distributed during 1880. Begonia x 

s. Charles Scorer was produced by 
crossing Begonia x Viscountess Doneraile 
with another seedling and described as “a 
splendid variety with large well- Found 
flowers of a brilliant glowing crimson- 
scarlet, unequalled in this particular shade 
of colour by any Begonia of its class. The 


Begonias yet obtained. 

The variety Begonia x roseo-superba te- 
sulted from a cross of B. rosaeflora and an 
unnamed seedling. The flowers were de- 
scribed as being of a ‘‘clear bright rose- 
colour suffused with haa at that time a 
unique tint among Begon 

In Veitch’s Plant Cashion of 1881 are 
mentioned an additional two varieties 
named Begonia x Admiration and Begonia 
x Viscountess Doneraile. Begonia x Ex- 
celsior crossed with B. davisiz resulted in 
the begonia plant named Begonia x Ad- 
miration which showe e influence of 
the latter parent in its eae, aa 
habit and vivid orange-scarlet flowers 

Begonia x Viscountess Doneraile is con- 
sidered one of John Seden’s most brilliant 
hybrids and was produced from crossing 
x Monarch 


stout erect scapes, well above the light 
green leaves, were freely produced, and 
rich vermillion-red in colour. 

‘Hortus Veitchit” also notes that ‘ 
important role played by joo ic ys Be 
gonia x Viscountess. Doneraile) was its 
use in connection with B. pesmi in the 
production of that entirely new and re- 
markable race of begonias which has be- 
come such a popular winter-flowering sec- 


tion, and of which the variety John Heal 
was bie first to be distributed.” 

882 the results of an experiment 
to fdas dwarf compact plants for bed- 
ding or for pot culture was mentioned 
Two varieties were listed for distribution 
and were name 


from experiments with the dwarf Andean 
species, B, davisii. 

n H. Veitch mentions “with the in- 
sceuuctibie of this dwarf race of Begonias 
Seden ceased experimenting. The hybrids 
produced had become widely distributed, 
and many hybridists, both in England an 
on the Continent, had engaged in the 
work of improvement, and new varieties 
appeared each year, but the eighteen hy- 
brids, with the five original species intro- 
duced by Messrs. Veitch, form the foun- 
dation of Begonias of toda 

Down through the years hybridizers 
have worked on the tuberous begonias, 


gonias are now legion. In “How t 
Begonias” by G. A. Farini, orinted about 
1899, there are fifty-nine pages of names 
and descriptions of tuberous begonias! 
the introduction of B. socotrana 
Hook. f. a new and important variety 0 
begonia hybrid emerged which was called 
the “Winter Flowering Varieties,” or as” 
led “The Christ-— 


ing this important ake It was dis 


SUMMER 1955 57 


covered during a botanical 2 ee in 
Socotra, a small island o e Ar bia 

coast, in the indian: Ocean, oa in ‘one of 
the most ee places in the world 
in which to find a Begon B. socotrana 
was sent, ee other shade’ 
April in ), and produced plants ek 
Eater in " December of the a, year. 


d was dis- 


socotrana 1s 
habit of freely producing flowers of a 
bright rose. Hybridizers at once recog- 
nized the possibilities of combining B. 
Socotrana mid-winter flower habits with 


ing the re period over practically 
the whole yea 


BEGONIA 
Price 10s. 


Ithough several hybridizers began 
work immediately, John Heal is given the 
credit for producing the first hybrid in 
which B. socotrana was one of the parents. 
He crossed B. socotrana with B. incarnata 


from the colour of the flowers and in 
allusion to the flowering season.’’ It was 
never distributed commercially. 

The first hybrid of this type to be dis- 


oneraile (being the pollen 
plant). Begonia x John Heal first flow- 
ered in 1883. Only one seedling was ob- 
tained from the cross, and all the plants 
distributed were produced from this one 
plant. Distributed in 1885, it occasioned 


*“ ACME.” 
6d. each 


For full description, see page 19. , 


58 LASCA 
the following interesting remarks: “It is 
still largely grown (in 1906) as a winter- 
flowering decorative subject, the 
compact habit of growth, rich rosey-car- 


decoration of the table or conservatories.” 
This was followed by crossing an 

orange-flowered tuberous variety with Be- 

This p 


flower was described as being a bright 
scarlet to red with carmine. It was first 
distributed in 1887 

Pollen from a very dark crimson tuber- 
ous variety was placed on a female flower 
of B. socotrana and the resulting plant 
was named Begonia x Winter Gem. It is 
mentioned as being “in habit resembling 
dwarfer and more 


rich deep crimson, 2 to 21/4, inches in 
diameter, held erect on stout peduncles 
well above the foliage.’ 
Several varieties followed from a single 
e 


fection, Begonia x Ideala and Begonia x 
Success. These flowered for the first time 
in 1891 and each differed from the other 
in leaf, size, and color of the flowers. 
“Ensign, exhibited for the first time in 
November 1896, was the first of this 
group to be distributed. The flowers are 
semi-double, of a pleasing shade, of light 
rose-carmine, with the petaloid stamens 
yellow or yellow-green, and the foliage 


oC between that of the two 
parent 

“Winter Perfection, a_taller-growing 
form, produces semi-double rose-pink 


flowers, the outer petals spreading, the 
metamorphosed stamens remaining in var- 
ious stages of development, the outer ones 
rose-pink, and the inner more or less 
streaked yellow. 


LEAVES 


“The variety Success — rather tall- 


the — are yellow tipped with green. 
t distinct is the variety Ideala 


rose-colour, C 

During the same year (i826 the pol- 
ced on the 
flower of a single scarlet- he variety. 
Three plants were selected for distribu- 
tion from the resulting seed nes sea and 
they were named Begonia . Heal, 


Begonia x Mrs. 
sidered the finest and most distinct, hav- 
ing flowers two to three inches in diam- 
eter and of a brilliant rose-carmine toned 
with scarlet. The flowers were freely pro- 
duced and “gracefully dispose 

The leaves of Begonia x Winter re 
resembled those of B. socotrana and t 


tained. Two distinct varieties were selected 
to be named Begonia x Julius and Begonia 
x Sylvia. Begonia x Julius is described as 
being o most distinct of any in 
point of colour, a rose-pink suffused with — 
white, and flowers more truly double than — 
those of any other of the section.” Be- 


Two other hybrids, Begonia x Agatha — 
and Begonia x Agatha compacta followed — 
in 1903. Begonia x Agatha resulted from _ 
a cross of B. socotrana with a 


hybrid a 


SUMMER 1955 


Lemoine of Nancy from the supposed 
cross- Secitliation of Begonia socotrana 
and Begonia Drege?.” James Veitch 
further states “the correctness of the sup- 


Agatha showing a slight soiled in the 
shape and oe of the leaves, as well as 
in a more ¢ 


and resulted 
aclee B. soco- 
trana and B. natalensis. 2 natalensis is a 
small white-flowered species from South 
Africa, and resembles B. dregei. 

The flowers of Begonia x Agatha c 
pacta “bear a close resemblance to Pies 


59 


produced by Begonia x Agatha, but are of 
a deeper shade of rose, and slightly larg- 
er. The great distinction, however, lies in 


pla s in the case of Gloire de Lor- 
raine, 
Contemporary begonia authorities have 


placed the begonia hybrids resulting from 


placed in the group B. cheimantha. 


The following list will give at a glance the 18 begonia hybrids raised 
by John Seden, the order in which they were produced, name of the 
begonias, parents, and date of introducton to commerce: 


Order in which 
the hybrid was 


raised: NAME 
Le Be RSMO vig 
2. B. x intevmpedde oo Gi ee 
3. B. € COGN: ae chang Os cs Ca 
4. Bx Stella os eae eta oe 
>. BB. x Vesatias oy a ae s 
6. B. x Eecetsiog (on Gen aes 
7. BB, Models sus ce eke ta eee 
S. 8B, x Aces. 8 oi vee ee 
9. B..x Monarchs. 2755 ass 
10. B. x Viscountess Doneraile......... 
11. B. x Mrs. Charles Scorer .......-.- 
12. B. x Emperor) oo. sg eee 
13.. Bo xe Mallista os ee na 
14. B. x Queen of the Whites......... 
15... B. x Admission igus apo see es 
16. B. x TOSG0-IB DERE 5 ca hie ne > 
17. B. x Miss Constance Veitch........ 
18. B. «Mes. Asthor Pots. (ce. 45 


Date of 
introduction to 
PARENTS commerce: 
(B. boliviensis x unnamed species) . a 
(B. boliviensis x B. veitchii)....... 872 
(B. boliviensis x B. sedenti)....... as 
(B. x sedenii x B. veitchi?)........ 1874 
(B. clarkei x B. sedenit) .........- 1874 
(B. x chelsoni x B. cinnabarina) . . . .1875 
(B. x sedenii x B. pearcet)........ 1875 
(B. x intermedia x B. sedenii)..... 1876 
(B. x sedenii x B. x intermedia) . . . .1878 
(B. x Monarch x B. x sedeni?)..... 1881 
(B. x Viscountess Doneraile 
ee BOUND Fa she's ve iwc ey 1880 
(B. clarkei x B. x chelsoni)....... 1877 
(B. x sedenii x B. x Stella)........ 1876 
(a sport of B. rosaeflora) ......... 878 
(B. x Excelsior x B. davisii)....... 1881 
(B. roseaflora x B. seedling)...... 1880 
(B. davisii x B. seedling)......... 1882 
Si i 1882 


oe & OS} Ss 


60 LASCA LEAVES 


SUMMARY 
The tuberous begonias species and their resulting hybrids referred to in this article 
were first esc and illustrated during Veitchs’ era in the following botanical 
reference mater 
pe Heh Laeeene A. DC. Gard. Chron. 1867, p. 544, fig.; Bot. Mag., t. 5657; Fi. 
a, t. 94. 
nes pearcei Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 5545; Veitch’s Catlg. of Pl. 1866, col. pl. 
Begonia angie Hook. f. Gard. Chron. 1867, p. 734, fig.; Bot. Mag. t. 5663; FI. 
7, vol. vi, pl. 365 
Begonia siehota Hook. f. Bot. Mag .t. 5680; Fl. and Pom. 1869, col. pl. p. 1 
Begonia davisii Veitch. Hort. Veitch; Bot. Mag., t 6252; ae ts 6252; Veitch’s 
Catlg. of Pl. 1879; fig.; The Garden, 1878, vol. xiii, p. 208, pl. 1 
Begonia clarkei Hook. f. Bot. ag. t. 5663 et t. 5675; Geitch’s Catlg, : Pl. 1868, fig. 
Begonia oll eNhat Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 4483. 
Begonia ? Hort. Veitch’s Catlg. of Pl. 1870, col. pl. and fig. p. 4; Fl. and 
Pom. 1860, re 169, col. pl. 
Begonia x chelsonii Hort. Veitch’s Catlg. of Pl. 1871, col. pl. and fig. p. 2 
Begonia x intermedia Hort. Veitch’s Catlg. of Pl. 1872, ]. 2, fig.; Fl. Mag. “Feb, 1872. 
Begonia x Stella and Begonia x Vesuvius. Veitch’s Catlg. of PL. 1874, pp. 4, 5, figs. 
Begonia x Excelsior and Begonia x Model. Veitch’s Catlg. of Pl. 1875, pp. 4, 5, figs. 
Begonia x Acme. Veitch’s Catlg. of Pl. 1876, p. 6, fig. The Garden, 1878, vol. Xiil, 
+ keke 


Begonia x Kallista. Veitch’s Catlg. of Pl. 1876, p. 7, fig. 
— x Emperor. The Garden, 1878, vol. xviii, p. 508: pl. 118; Fl. Mag. 1876, t. 


Begonias Monarch. Veitch’s Catlg. of Pl. 1878, p. 8, fig. 

nia x Queen of the Whites. The Garden, 1878, vol. xiii, p. 208, pl. cxviit; 
Veitch’s Catlg. of Pl. 1878, p. 9, fig.; Gard. Chron. 1877, Dec. 15, col. pl. fig. 

Begonia x Mrs. Charles Scorer and Begonia x roseo- superba. Veitch’s Catlg. of PL. 
1880 . 

Ac. s Anais Veitch’s Catlg. of Pl. 1881, p. 49, fig. 

Begonia x John Heal. The Garden, 1889, vol. xxxv, p. i118, col. pl. 691. 

Begonia x Winter Gem. The Garden, 1891, vol. xxxix, p. 504, col. pl. 807. 

Begonia x \deala. Gard. Chron. 1901, vol. xxx, p. 411, fig. 124. 

Begonia x Mrs. Heal. Gard. Chron. 1895, vol. xviii, p. 585, fig. 101. 


Abbreviations used in the above list of references refer to the following: 


Bot. Mag Curtis Botanical Magazine 
Fl. Mag. Floral Magazine 
Fl. and seen Florist and Pomologist 


Gard. Chr 
Veitch’s Catlg. of Pl. 


he Gardeners’ Chronicle (London 
Veitch’s Catalogue of New and Rare Plants 


BIRD NOTES 


Mr. Dan Quattlebaum, Arbore orni- 
cused has taken wing himself to Gictandnd, 
Va., to attend the 50th Anniversary of his col- 
lege graduate class, leaving wit notation of 

t recent accomplishment, a comparative 


bird check-list are available on request. Sepa- 
teen or twenty miles, southeast 
to northwest as the bird flies, The 


different birds from time to time, and mutu 


check-list of the birds to be seen at Descanso 
ardens. Both this list and the Arboretum 


inhabitants as “_ sete interesting study _ 


for bird-watc her 


ace ah il 


SUMMER 1955 61 


GEORGE GROENEWEGEN 
MARCH 3, 1876—FEBRUARY 6, 1955 


A PLANTSMAN by heritage and desire, 

eorge Groenewegen, described as ‘‘a 
gentleman who looks as if he had stepped 
out of a Rembrandt canvas,” left a living 
monument in the Botanical Garden at the 
University of California, Los Angeles. He 
joined the staff of the University in 1926 


campus. Through the years this garden 
developed under his care to become a 
teaching and test garden unique in south- 
ern California. The students who walk its 
paths and study its plants are being 
trained in a tradition which began with 
the first botanical gardens and which has 
been maintained by such men as George 
Groenewegen. 

For George Groenewegen’s love and 
knowledge of plants was inherited from 
his grandfather, the Hortulanus of Hortus 
Amsterdam. is father and_ brothers, 
teared in a world where plants were their 

alphabet and daily bread,” operated a 
Nursery in Utrecht. Young George was 
sent to private schools, where at one time 
he was classmate of the late Peter Riedel,* 
but his knowledge of botany and horti- 
culture was learned at home and practiced 
as an apprentice gardener in Erfurt, Ger- 
many and in Brussels. In 1899 he made 
his first trip to this country accompanying 
One of many shipments of palms. The fol- 
lowing year he went to the Transvaal to 
obtain new palms and seeds. In 1907, 
after bringing another shipment of palms 


*Lasca Leaves, Vol. V. 1.21. 


= 


to this country, he worked for Bobbink 
and Atkins in Rutherford, New Jersey, a 
year later moving to Arkansas as manager 
of a large fruit orchard. In 1911 he be- 
came canal rider and overseer of a huge 
rice acreage owned by Dutch interests near 
Port Arthur, Texas. He arrived in south- 
ern California in 1914 where he worked 
for Coolidge Nursery in Pasadena at $50 
a month for two years. In 1916 he moved 
to the Raymond Hotel in Pasadena where 
he had charge of the plantings until he 
joined the staff of the University. Retire- 
ment from the University in 1947 was a 
mere formality for he immediately joined 
the staff of the Los Angeles Country Club 
in July, 1947, as Assistant Propagator in 
charge of the conservatory. He enjoyed 
this position, for to him all work with 
plants was enjoyment, until poor health 
forced his retirement in July, 1953. 

He is survived by Mrs. Groenewegen 
(Beerrendiena Plugge) whom he married 
in 1902, four children, and many grand- 
children. 

DONALD P. WOOLLEY 
MILDRED E. MATHIAS 


August 15th, 1955, is the press deadline date for all prospective contributors to 


the autumn issue for Octo! 


er, 1955, and for all Calendar Notices, because of the 


necessity of completing the Index through this issue. 


62 LASCA LEAVES 


PLANT INTRODUCTIONS—THEIR VALUE TO US 


RUSSELL J. SEIBERT 


E CAN SCARCELY SPEAK of plant in- 
troductions into the United States with- 
out recognizing the great service rendered 
in this field by the U. S. Dept. of Agricul- 
ture, Plant Introduction Section in Belts- 
ville, Maryland. This great organization 
was, until recently, known as the Division 
of Plant Exploration and Introduction. 
This same organization was first estab- 
lished by the Federal Government in 
1898 as a service of Foreign Seed and 


ventory of all plants introduced through 
this service ej in its most recent inven- 
tory No. 155 the total number of intro- 
ductions had reached 161,666 as of 1947. 
To date but still ro nat there are 
over 220,000 introductio 

Included in these sat introductions 
are every type of food and economic crop 
grown in the United States. It is safe to 
say that nearly, if not every food and other 
economic crop grown in the United States 
today can trace its more recent improved 
strains to at least one or several introduc- 
tions made by the Plant Introduction Sec- 


American economy could be measured into 
the billions of dollars. 
The Plant Introduction Section has con- 


agricultural crops which would furnish 
the germ plasm for the constant improve- 
ment in yield and disease resistance by the 
established farm crops. as also con- 
stantly been on the alert for potential eco- 
nomic plants which might and in man 
cases have furnished new agricultural in- 
egies for our farmers. Many examples 

these new industries might be cited. 
One of interest to us in California is the 
Date Industry which was completely estab- 
lished by means of commercial date varie- 
ties introduced by the Department from 
North Africa and The N 


ch 
in 1946 had a farm value of three million 


dollars. Of much more spectacular inter- 
est and importance to the American eco- 
nomy is the very recent Soy Bean Indus- 
try, which has resulted from a hand full 
of soy bean seed collected by Dorsett in 
Korea in 1925. Today this crop alone 
brings in one ae dollars a year to the 
American 

To these may is added the Mango In- 
dustry of South Florida, The Avocado In- 
dustry of Florida and California, to name 
a few which trace their introductions back 
to the famed P. I. Numbers 

So far have been mentioned only the 


Plant nage Section has contributed 
greatly to eld of introductions in 
cee ii on arboreta, botanic gar- 
dens and private cooperators. In the past 
it has distributed thousands of plants to 
private cooperators throughout the United 
States and many of these plants are now 
in the annala trade. 

In speaking of plant oe into 
the United States I think of such plant 
Seige. Frank 
Meyers, and David Fairchild, men who 
devoted their lives to the introduction of 
new and better plants into the United 
It is fitting at this time to pay 
tribute to one of the best known and most 
publicized of these explorers, David Fair- 
child. Dr. Fairchild at the ripe age of 85 
left this world which was his “Garden” 
this past August 6th. He had been ill off 
and on the last few years, but felt rather 
good this summer’s morning and went out 
to his beloved home garden in the ““Kam- 
pong’’ in Coconut Grove, Florida. Once 
again he was with the many plants grow- 


long and happy life together had ever 
been his strongest guiding light. 
But returning to the subject at hand: 


F| 
| 


SUMMER 1955 63 


Foreign plants were first avai into 
Southern California along w € mis- 
sions. Our Mission Fathers ee the sea 
captains who visited our first ports brought 
in the first exotics, both ornamental and 


grains, ru Bs cena 
and the olive. Since the sev n hun- 


that it is hard to realize that originally 
they were not our natives. We need only 
to be reminded of the eucalyptus and the 
Mexican Fan palm to realize that. In fact 
as we traverse the metropolitan and agri- 
cultural areas of Southern California and 


1c or intro- 


fact more than anything else can point out 
the true value of plant introductions. 


c gardens and their part in 
plant introdinctions which goes Fock many 


Starting these institutions and associated 
with them ever since has been that par- 
ticular breed pe man who was never oa 
fied with the 


tanist Wid the horticulturist as- 
Pet with arboreta and botanic gardens 
ave not as a rule restricted themselves to 


pte strived for the plants he were dif- - 


erent or that might bring ee beauty to 


their surroundings They have seldom 
thou f thes memes prizes in a 
light of monetary value. That phase has 


been left to the gags grower, the 
nurseryman and the flor 

Arboreta and botanic sevdie then con- 
stitute the major means by which our or- 
namentals have come to the United States 


and from whence they have filtered into 


earthly use other than to beautify or to 
furnish another subject on which to place 
a label bearing an unpronounceable name. 
A name which at best might seem useless 
to remember because before too long some 
botanist will change it anyway! Yet it is 
these same plants among which someone 
will recognize one of one de and place— 
and in many cases realize a 

Each arboretum and bonnie garden i is 
ever striving to fin e€ new rable 
ep ide for the area which its serves. 
The Arnold Arboretum has been particu- 
larly welt publicized and successful in this 
ese t in the early days and 


Scie of which have found their place 
ong the ornamentals used in much of 

the United States. 
Our arboretum and the botanical gar- 


From the 
shall all benefit either financially or cul- 


Milhons of dollars worth of cut flowers 


duced trees and plants. 
tree gh is introduced the arborist has 
another 

Those oF us here today are in one way 
or another concerned with trees and other 
plants. Our livelihood centers around 
them and it is our obligation to find and 
make the best use of them possible. We 
must maintain them as a credit to our 
communities 

Were it not for the plants which have 
been introduced here before us Southern 


In our tim 
come thes new ie improved plant intro- 
ductions ar ny this the beauty spot it 
could and sh 

Delivered a 

Shade ae Conference 

Nov. 13, 1954. 


64 LASCA LEAVES 


COMPARATIVE WEATHER RECORDS 
At Los Angeles State and Country Arboretum, Arcadia, California—1954 


EVAPORA- 

ee RAINFALL TION 

woe PEAKS MEAN INCHES INCHES 

AX. MIN. MAX. NT ONTH 

NPA AE VS seo esccye oy 9 pe 31.0 98.0 52.9 Dey 95 

Februsty 26.6555. 42.0 79.3 34.0 93.0 7 2.33 1.485 
Eel cite fe teat 40.7 69.9 30.0 85.00 53.3 4.04 1 ae, 
Aprilics's.. a ycieeltces 47.3 74.6 39.0 93.0 61.0 24 1.910 
BY seats aitelasenee eal pala ps 51.4 80.3 41.0 92.0 65.9 Ol 3.145 
LT | arene RPG a 58.0 82.2 43.0 96.0 67.6 15 4.140 
PIG ke sie Olan aie 61.3 O75 51.0 106.0 79.4 a 6.515 
aster orertae arate 58.0 90.4 50.0 106.0 74.2 — 5.780 
September......... 53.7 93.8 47.0 104.0 73.8 —. 5.260 
CODED 6 55. eas 47.1 83.5 41.0 106.0 65.3 —_ 3.735 
November......... 44.9 82.6 34.0 63.8 2.07 2.025 
| aii Erte 39:1 69.7 7.0 54.4 ; 1.540 
TOTAL INCHES— 15.47 38.220 


J. T. McGaAH—May 27, 1955 
L. A. State ped pen Arboretum 


GENERAL OBSERVATIONS: 

The highest temperature of ed bie was recorded on July 7th, ee eas ~ pa Oe 
when the ncaa eter reached 106.°F. A temperature of 90. r over wa orded on eighty 
three days dur: € year, he pained -four days the temperature boat to 100. FE he more. "Thirteen 

of these days ae in July 

The lowest temperature 0 “< 27.°F. was recorded on the nights of December 28th and 29th. A 
cantgegine of 40.°F. or lower was maps on sixty-seven nights during the year. On seven of 
these nights the temperature was below 

iat was observed on apie mornings, er he winter months were comparatively mild. 

mo, s observed on one-hundred-thirty days. As observed during previous years smog was 
more noticeable during the months of july, August, September and October. Smog was noted on 
enty i 


1954 Rainfall was “ogra on forty-six (46) days a a total of 15. val inches as compared with | 
twenty-five days in 1953 when only 6.83 inches fell. There was no heavy precipitation in any one 
storm or month. The heaviest pro of the year was oe the three on period of January 18, 
19, and 20th when 2.86 inches was recorded. q 

capisbmoaair measured 7s af inches in 1954 or 5.53 inches less than in 1953 when 43.75 inches — 
was red. 

a ae with previous years weather conditions during 1954 were favorable. 


At University of California, Los Angeles, Subtropical Horticulture Area—1954 


PRECIPITA- 
TEMPERATURE TION 
AVERAGE PEAKS 

1954 MIN. MAX MIN. MAX 

January...........0.0.- 41.7 63.2 34 85 

RROIOMIY oak Je od wad oes 45.5 73.8 39 90 

MECRE eAiteiois U aie himievesdaieas 43.9 63.6 33 73 

Wa iirn  ke oe eats 50.5 67.2 3 75 

YS Get rack nd See D207 69.4 43 79 

PONE tigi oactwins das 55.1 73.5 47 80 

SRP PO OC ee 64.4 82.5 5 9 

POSE 9 SEG & yee vee as 60.0 79.2 54 93 

DEPLEIBDOR fo pterns' 6 ceo. bess 54.5 79.9 45 88 

re eet ae 48.7 73.4 43 84 

INaVember. 6.25 aves hese 48.5 73.6 39 90 
December 23 ose eons ys 42.1 66.8 


84 
Total inches 


SUMMER 1955 65 


A member a The A depen staff, Edward (“Ted”) Pugh, Angad as contributed his talents to Lasca 

Leaves (IV.1 9). This original pen and ink sketch of the Banana plant is of particular interest here because 

of the text ac ahaa Be heaton of the plant in bloom appearing in this issue under “Growing Notes” 
y George H. Spalding (pp. 68, 69). Original pen and ink drawing by Ted Pugh. 


66 LASCA LEAVES 


MANFRED MEYBERG AWARD 


MANFRED MEYBERG, general chairman of 
the California International Flower Show, 
was honored with a testimonial dinner 


Flower Show Executive Committee, lead- 
ing exhibitors at the 1955 show, and busi- 
ness associates of Mr. Meyberg’s gathered 
to pay tribute to his inspiring leadership 
and unselfish giving of time and effort 
to this great civic event. 

plaque was presented to Mr. Mey- 
berg by the Executive Committee, the 
presentation made by Roy F. Wilcox, 
chairman of the Flower Show in its first 
em years, and permanent honorary chair- 


The plaque expresses the appreciation 
of the executive committee to rbd for 
“the wonderful presentation of the re 
wood forest exhibit by Pian. ee 
which was unselfishly withdrawn from 
Flower Show competition.”” The commit- 
tee, in the plaque, also express to Mr. 
Meyberg their gratitude for ‘his outstand- 
ing leadership and guidance, as well as his 

unselfish devotion to the show.’ 
cludes with the wish by the committee 


that he will continue as general chairman 
of the Flower Show for years to come. 


Photograph, courtesy Cristof Studio, San Francisco 


MORE TABEBUIAS AT THE ARBORETUM 


RUSSELL J. SEIBERT 


READERS of Lasca Leaves will recall our 
report of the flowering of Tabebuia um- 
bellata [Vol. 4:77. 1954]. This species 
owered again this spring of 1955 and has 
imate excellent growth as well as surviving 
escapes winter 
n addition, we now have two other 
Tabebuiss which not only survived our 
past winter in several cold situations, but 
did so as one-and-a-half year old seedlings 
and rewarded us with a dividend of flow- 
ers besides: 
Tabebuia chrysotric “ (Mart.) Standl., 
Field Mus. Pub. Bot. 1176. 1936. The 


growing at the Arboretum under our Ac- 


cession 53-S-1580. Seeds were obtained 
from the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden 
through Dr. Samuel Ayres, Jr. One plant 
flowered at the end of March, pure dark 
yellow with individual flowers 2” in diam- 
eter x 2” long 

caphseese avellanedae Lor. ex Griseb., 
Bot. 


the Kew Ga ica It r the 
name of - heptaphylla eet is ee 
see 


under 53-S-628 from received 
through Mulford B. Foster of a 
Florida. It is natively known as Ipé 
Roxo” and flowered with us in early 


Continued on page 69 


_ 


: 
| 
| 
. 


SUMMER 1955 67 


PLANT INTRODUCTIONS FOR 1954 
Puitie EpwARD CHANDLER 
(Continued from Vol. V, No. 2, April, 1955) 


Tetraplasandra meiandra (originally on 
the market as T. hawaiiensis which is actu- 
ally another species probably to be avail- 
able in 1955) is a fairly cold-hardy tall 
shrub of the Panax family (Araliaceae). 


20” alternate leaves, divided feather-fash- 
ion into five to thirteen oval leaflets, con- 
spicuously tinged with brown, are adding 
new interest to lightly shaded patios where 
a plant 6-8’ height and far less spread is 
desired. The stems and branches are a 
glossy red-brown, structurally arresting, 


forms of Acalypha wilkesiana may look 
well with it, but we particularly recom- 
mend its use with Bergenia ligulata (the 
beautiful white-flowering form with green 
eyes), and bronze Ajuga. 


most araliads, the flowers are inconspicu- 
ous in terminal compound umbels. Glo- 
bose fruit characteristic of it in its native 
lands has not yet successfully matured in 
California. The stems are cocoa-colored, 
and the younger leaves are decidedly 
bronze. The plant suggests its fairly close 
relationship to Aralia elegantissima a good 
companion in landscape planting—and 
again, the bronze Ajuga is an ideal facer. 
Like its suggested companions, P. crassi- 
folium prefers some shade, but it is far 


more cold-hardy than Aralia elegantissima 

(Dizygotheca elegantissima). 
Philodendron wendimbe is a new hy- 

brid between P. imbe and P. wendlandi. 


lizer. 

Philodendron fosterianum is a hybrid 
developed by Mulford B. Foster in Or- 
lando, Florida, whence it was recently in- 
troduced to California. This cut-lea 


hardy and less tolerant of dry California 
sunshine. Nevertheless it wants strong 


rs 
where it certainly is a striking addition to 
the landscape. A recent planting with 
Aeonium pseudotabulaeforme, and 
round cover of Reineckia carnea has 
created quite a conversation piece. 


68 LASCA LEAVES 


GROWING NOTES 


GEORGE H. SPALDING 


Musa ensete: close-up of blossom. Courtesy of 
Los Angeles State and County Arboretum. 


Musa ensete, the Abyssinian Banana, is 
one of the tropical plants which can be 
used to good advantage in Southern Cali- 
fornia, particularly along the coast. It has 
weather in Ar- 


where they were planted is black and 
heavy. 


winter. The cold spell of 1949-50 is too 
vivid a memory for Southern Californians 
ananas 
but had reached 
enough size so the heart was protected and 
in the spring new growth emerged. Again 
in 1950-51 the winter was cold and the 
plants were damaged but again surviv red. 


e 
bloomed ae pe seed. The plant dies date 
seeding and since it does not send out 


suckers must be discarded and new plants 
started from seed. It takes five years or 
more for this banana to mature to fruiting 
stage. It is not a plant for the small back- 
yard, but where it can be used it is very 
effective for tropical accent. 
wer is shown in the accompany- 
ing picture. Close examination will show 
‘ha nds” of small bananas at the base 
of each “petal.” One or two “petals” 
open each day, covering the previous day’s 
fruit so that the flowers must be pollenated 
the day they appear or the fruit will not 
develop. The bees are very active around 
the plants, and quantities of seed are usu- 
ally set. The flowering stem continues to 
ph aie until it reaches a length of six 
feet or more. 
In he mountains of Abyssinia where 


ceeds 15’-20’. It is the largest and oe 
ably the most widely cultivated o 
group. It is also one of the oldest known 
as it was used in the sculptures of the 
ancient Egyptians 


Miscanthus sinensis 
> Susuki Grass is one of the most be- 
mole plants of Japan. It is planted along 
anks of rice p used in 


grow in almost any location from wet to 
dry and does not seem to be at all particu- 
lar as to the soil. It will reach a height of 
4’-6’. There is a sizeable planting in the 
yard on the southwest corner of Alpine 
and Los Robles in Pasaden 

Miscanthus sinensis sicesbles Pampas 
Grass and is known in the American trade 
as Eulalia. It is easily grown from seed, 

which germinates in about 10 days. Since 
it is deciduous the old dead stalks should 
be removed each year. Use it as a bo Id 
accent group. 

Beaucarnea gracilis 

The Beaucarneas are sometimes placed 

in the genus Nolina but since Beaucarnea 


SUMMER 1955 


tice faire deer of Los Angeles State and County Arboretum 


sinian Banana 


is the name best known it will be used 
here. B. gracilis resembles a_ refined 
Dracaena with a much-swollen base. It is 
said to reach a height of 30’. This species 
is relativ ely slow growing and large speci- 
mens are seldom seen in Southern Cali- 
fornia. A native of southern Mexico, 

prefers full sun and good drainage. The 
typical swelling at the base of the stem is 
a good means of identifying members of 


eens 


: blossom nestled among the leaves 


this genus. It also makes the rest of the 
plant appear light and graceful—another 
ica aan that can be used very effec- 
tively accent in a sunny location. 
Propagation is by seed, which may germi- 
nate in six days r take up to 39 days. 
However, it is not difficult if you are 
patient. Growi ing one does not present any 
particular difficulties, but the young seed- 
lings should never be kept soggy wet. 


Continued from _ bags 
March, howe rs 1Y, ae ks ‘2. 
long, lavender with white and yellow 


throat, 

Another, Accession 53-S-1582, received 
from Dr. Ayres through the Rio Botanical 
Garden, has also flowered : it is apparently 


the same species and variety, T. avel- 
lanedae v raulensis. 
Although the Arboretum has _ tried 


Many species of these handsome flowering 
trees from Central America, northern 
South America, the West Indies, and 


to frost- 
seven species of 

abebuia represented from Southern 
Brazil, all of which, up to the present 
time, are proving hardy to at least 26°F. 
pe will probably survive under somewhat 

older conditions. We look with eager 

unticipation to Southern Brazil for more 
plants adaptable to Southern California, 
comparable to the Tabebuias from that 
area, which will substantially add to our 
list of beautiful flowering trees. 


Mexico without due 


tenderness, 


SUCCESS, 
we now h ave 


70 LASCA LEAVES 


LONGWOOD’S GAIN—OUR LOSS 


ON MAy 19, 1955, a newspaper release 
from Longwoo Foundation, du 
Pont Building, Wilmington, Delaw ware, 
broke the news officially of the accepted 
appointment of Dr. Russell J. Seibert as 
director of Longwood Gardens. The an- 
nouncement was made by Henry B. du 
Pont, president of the Longwood Founda- 
tion which operates the Gardens estab- 
lished by the late Pierre S. du Pont. Since 


Los Angeles State and County recs 
and thereby Editor-in-Chief 
Leaves, we take this opportunity of ac- 
quainting you with Dr. Russell J. Seibert 
as seen through the news release of the 
‘“ 

“Dr. Seibert, who is forty years old, has 
a distinguished record in the botanical and 
horticultural fields. Since June, 1950, he 
has been engaged in the establishment of 


boretum at Arcadia, Calif., a project in- 
volving restoration of the historic Rancho 
Santa Anita estate into a horticultural 
show ace. 
“A native of nei ri Ill., Dr. Seibert 
was educated a ington University, 
St. Louis, fideo his A.B. degree there 
in 1937 and his M.S. in 1938, his gradu- 
ate work being conducted in association 
with the Missouri Botanical Garden. In 
1938-39, he was an Exchange Fellow at 
the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard Uni- 
versity. He received his P Jue degree at 
Washington University in 19 

“Before going to California, Dr. Seibert 


made surveys of natural rubber possibili- 
ties in Central and South America, and, 
with supplies of Malayan rubber threat- 

ened by international tensions early in 
1941, he was in charge of opening a 
Rubber Station at Marfranc, Haiti, propa- 
gating plant material with a view toward 
establishing a source of rubber in the 
Western Hemisphere. 


“From 1943 to 1946, Dr. Seibert was — 
stationed in Peru, carrying on a program — 
of study and collection of ie: trees in — 
ru, Bolivia, and adjoin- 
ing regions of Brazil. At the completion — 
of this assignment, he returned to college — 
for eae of his work toward a Ph.D. ~ 
degree q 
“Rejoining the Department of Agri- — 
culture, Dr. Seibert was associated for the — 
next two years with the Rubber Station at — 
Turrialba, Costa Rica, continuing his work — 
with natural rubber trees and extending his — 
interest in other crops, including the in-_ 
troduction of Peruvian black walnut trees | 
into Costa Rica - lumber and nut pro- | 


he was eodal at Beltsville, 
six months prior to joining the California : 


ibert is a vice president of the 
American Horticultural Society and chair-— 
Arboreta and Botanic Garden © 


many of his scientific mission as a 
background in the botanical field herself 
She is the daughter of G. H. Pring, super- — 
intendent of the Missouri Botanical Gar- 
den, famous for his work on orchids a 


sti Michael, 11; Donna, 7; an 

Mb of us who have worked und 
the wise, kindly, and often inspired gui 
ance and direction of Dr. Seibert can sal 
little more than a deeply heartfelt reg 
at his leaving us, coupled with the he 
iest wishes for his progressive success 1 
the new post. 


_— 


_ 


‘ee 


ee ee 


— 


SUMMER 1955 71 


NAMES, NOTES AND NEWS 


» Russell J. Seibert was elected 1st Vice- 


in April, 19 { For mgm ews O ei- 
bert, retiring Director of ne State and 
County Arbor ood’s Gain, 
Our Loss,” page 70 


National Horticultural Magazine, official publi- 
on of the 


cati rican Horticultural Society, 
us with the fact that articles of 

horticultural interest from the west coast woul 
Icomed by r editors. This i invi 
tation to not o our own editorial boar 
embers, but past, current, and _ prospective 
contributors t sca Leaves, to su articles 
of such interest to National Horticultural Maga- 
zine. Its stature as a periodical in this field is 


d Asper, Bh weg or spring to the 
the ingto 


Hou 
Superintendency of n Botanical 
Gardens, a Soaetiueelh eg of Building and 
Growtids co) 


holding outhern California 


Horie pfeil 


° 
"og 
o 


Scott E. pear ge has been appointed by unan 
mous assent of members of the Editorial reed 


we t 

e will rival his own 

editorship ultimately in significance if not in 
years. 


mber of 
Editorial Board Membership has also been ex- 


tended enthusiastically to Dr. Louis B. Martin, 
Plant Physiologist at the Los Angeles State and 
unty t ith confidenc he 


oes of our retiring Direc- 
and 


tor, Dr. Seibert, poe ie the study 


significance of Economic Plants. Dr. Mar 
is Sgr arm interested in the educ mirrte 
alue of hort eran a field —s its own 


in the world of art and science 
Horace Clay, Ornamental seat eh from 
n Cali- 


man-holiday”’ activities in favor 
his travel with his bride who accompanied 
hi lay was at one time associated with 
Evans et Reeves Nursery. 


Brea ceca McClin- 


European ede eee 


trating her talk with slides. 


also travelling 


Philip “iiagote ee is 
abroad this gt 


it is : tten 
series of comments nt ees ree 
1954,” by extending them to 1955. con- 

tributes as a member of Lasca fous Edi- 
aie Board, 


Miss Peggy Sullivan's travels in Europe — 
summer undoubtedly he! a _ an _ 
the future pages o she is an 
active member of Sores California’ Horti. 
cultural Institute. 


The Herb Society of America, headquarters, 
Horticultural Hall, Boston, held its Annual 
ern California, May 19, 20, 
trip to Santa Barbara, May 

ee California anrw ey group 
acted 2 as Hos nit, Mrs. Sar. . Well- 


man, Topsfie Mies, national The nt, Mrs. 
ur D Richards n, Altadena, local chair 
man of the Unit. Rancho Santa Ana Botani 
Garden, Claremont, Los Angeles te an 
County Arboretum Oakhurst Gardens in 
Arcadia, Huntington Botanical Gardens and 
, San rino, were 


a 
the Library and Art 
t ighli te aes et tional tours plan- 
ned. director at Clare- 

mont, and De got - ‘Seibert rt, oo 


direc- 
tor at the Arboretum, were edifying s ers on 
ork one at these eieueive in- 
stitutions. Dr yres, Jr., seen att 
€ 


Arboretum Foundation. Curator Emeritus Wil- 


72 LASCA 


Huntington Gardens 


iam Hertri ch of 
t members 


hio), Northern ag S Stepcties ae aes 
anged exhibits for occasion of the 
offic ial business meeting M 


tto of the Society: Herbs 
; oo were made 
ic 


garden plans, carve s, chi d fabric 
with herb mot/f, an herb primer in Braille 

an enlightening array of “w wi 

herbs. One of the important contributions of 
the local Unit was Sympori um on Herbs, a4 
ers, Miss Ruth Randall and Mrs. Sidne : 
Briggs, alifornia Natives’’; Me i die 

Stephens of Santa Barbara, ‘'Thymes’; Miss 
E bauer, nders’’—a__ species 
study. Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden 


BOOK REVIEWS 


Two ~frreethaer warrant Dancing com- 
ment in this issue of Lasca Leaves because of 
anime ge reporting elsewhere in these pages 
: The Herbarist, A Pabliation of 

No. 21 (se 
ublshe in 


of botanical and hortic cultural raga = w 
as of the fine pi social arts. The cur 1955 
issue carries a 3rd Index, 1950. 1954, he first 
Index having appeare ae hs e€ see : issue 
covering uN rst 10 years 95 
List at the a fs significant ntacles published 
during the 10 s, now availa in 
separate ibe foam ‘at ‘$1. ” ach. 


ive ae ional See baewral Magazine, a 
t 


American Hortic se - Soc Inc., 
published sing sy Jan » July and Oct., 

ashin D.C. Go panels 0 pages, 
scholarly ‘rel atest lal documented fo 
refere hyy _ ing article in cur- 
rent ae e by Caroline B. Sie 
member of way Philadelphia hie of The Herb 
Society o e ardens for the Bli ind,” 
the significance of herbs in <i light of mercy, 
comfort and instr on. Thes ve rdens are 
established widely across this country. (For 


on ea iat be esiegee Horii ca 
zin pies and one 1.) 


Camellia best it _publishe be the South- 
ern California Cam ociety, , October 
through April, borg aly, The July i issue of 1955 
will be wholly dedicated to the species C. sasan- 


LEAVES 


possesses one of Miss Neugebauer’s herbarium — 
group © 


portfolios on the genus Lavandula. The 


that wen Barbar 

of that city’s fairest and most interesting gar- 
dens incl me. Gan l a 
se of succulents, and under the 

ance of atherine Muller, Director, vital 
the Santa area Botanic Garden 


HERB GARDEN AT ARBORETUM 
Of ae aya ts potsrcnill to The Arbor 
Arcadia “ce 
‘forni 

e ibilit ity of purchasing 
s and ent ores rial for the 
promising authentic a3 gar 
established on the an oretum eon 
rboretum on the oth 


worthiest projects. 


AND COMMENTS 


landscapin the ce beauty of it 
redominantly single flow Significant au 
thorities provide the au sinshin of the issu 

and revised nomenclature on sasanquas a 
feature. Extra copies are being printed, over 
nd e those ordinarily printed only fo 
Society members, and will be available on order 

s 


Spa San Rafael Ave., Pasadena 2, Calif.— 
$.7 


1% 


Cymbidium Hybr « pe Awards, — by | 


Leading Societies, Ww Nei 69 pages. Com- 
piled a John C. San Oi i Calif. 
Published by a « Gymbiin Society, Inc., Pasa- 
den alif., u 


ary 1955. Cover il- | 
ite ac ti Wester birt,’ FCC/RHS, 
photograph courtesy Fred A. Stewart, the oa 
pearing a to notation of awa 


ted by oo whose lists are seadile 


Sabie. $3. 

* 
Motion Pictures “Ab Bieter Club Programs — 
compiled b S: 


erest to garden clubs, f sources for 

lending, with addresses, including state agencies, — 

pallor tet and alphabet cally arranged. ; 
x * 

Landscape for Living — re ett Eckbo. An 

ei =~ mcnath I ge ord Book seri Duell, Sloan, 
Ww. omen: Los Angeles, — 


Coie "1550, $10.00 


er hand is accepting the © 


qua, coming into its own for use and beauty in | 


- : 2 Ser mace ‘ z nes ze i ‘ it ‘ 
Bre eee yr en ne arr Mane Rr eT Ree Peat YAN e a ee ee eRe EI Nee SENT Ch ee ee ee a eT eM Ee OEE ae SN ee Teer eT ee 


Manks, Librarian, 
Massachusetts Horicultar Society, and — 
l i 


a ey 


oo 


eR CUES 
(. “URAL on) 
ATT, 


SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURAL INSTITUTE 


OFFICERS 1954 


POURING ee a FRED W. ROEWEKAMP 
Vice-President and Executive Secretary........ RONALD B. TOWNSEND 
SOI: 4 vase kan eeee oreo Whe aees GEORGE H. SPALDING 
PVC Fees io ba en hc ee KENNETH BISHOP 


BOARD OF DIRECTORS 


WILLIAM BERESFORD Percy C, EVERETT 
MANCHESTER BopDY EARLE E, HUMPHRIES 
HowarpD BODGER MILDRED E, MATHIAS 
PHILIP EDWARD CHANDLER ALFRED W. ROBERTS 
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ADVISORY COUNCIL 


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_ LASCA LEAVES 
‘The official publication of the Southern California Horticultural Institute 
Sponsors of : f 3 


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AUTUMN 1955 


Lasca Leaves 
nesiuabrrid publication of a Southern California Horticultural ye ag and 
e California jinn um Foundation, Inc. Issued on the of 
are April, July and October 


EDITORIAL COMMITTEE 


ROBERT CASAMAJOR MILDRED MATHIAS 
PHILIP EDWARD CHANDLER “pi wes A. MUNZ 
WILLIAM HERTRICH Louis B. MARTIN 


WILLIAM S. STEWART, oho 
EDITORIAL BOARD 
Arboretums and Botanical Garden 
rthern Choa ea ona 
Sas Barbara—-KATHERINE K, Mu 
Southern California—J. Howarp eres 


Economic -Plantss soy dics Coe ee ee Louis B. MARTIN 
Geo-botany, afd Plant Patents. 0.2.2 <5. ee L WHEELER 
Histoticghc i a ei ae Mrs. RICHARD Y. DaAKI 
Pitre os ce VERNON T. STOUTEMYER 
Reermmcene Design gobs esq coe ck ese oe ee RALPH D. CORNELL 
Ba Califoenia Pigres os ee ee Percy C. EVERETT 
CCDIGS 2 aich ot Races S epee eee eee DGS ROBERT CASAMAJOR 
Ornithological SAV Umer at hy rans ugar te W. DAN QUATTLEBAUM 
Plant Material. =... .:..... MILpRED Davis, PHILIP apie om say Pe ga 
DEM MN oe in 5s Se er ose eh occ ck PIERRE MILLER 
Peete MCh sk oc eee GEORGE H. ew DING 
be eg pai, CRO EAE Oe OS EE re rere ree W BUCK 
Succulenter Ges ewe Scott E. HASELTON 
Taxonnity OF BeOlice i hes te MILDRED MATHIAS 
MME POE a i ee ce oe bss PuHitip A. MUNZ 


JANET WRIGHT, Editor 


VoL. V OCTOBER, 1955 No. 4 


CONTENTS 
“Les trois arbres’, Etching by Rembrandt (1643).............. 74 
Landscape Architect in a Tree Garden. ..Edward Huntsman-Trout 75 
Plant Introductions—1954 (concl.).. _ Philip sear Chandler 77 


abe toicelyptus in Austtalia sis be cares W. Went 78 
mew. Director at the Arboretum: .i)6 es Ca eas 
Feriew wpecies: in. California ug 665 ss «cues as ss C. A. Schroeder 83 
Tree Ferns in a Calitomiac soe. Alfred W. Roberts 85 
idtid COMME, i Oa a ae William Hertrich 87 
The Co iedkations > L. H. Bailey to the Classification of 

Cultivated Pints. 3. 4 re i ec. Philip A. Munz 88 
Ficus Planting in Gowcias Los Angeles 

courtesy of Fred W. Roewekamp 93 

CPOWRIEE DEE a sc a eke George H. Spalding 94 
a er eal ik ay ow wy 95 
Rr ee i ess oh a eo eS 95 
AAIOEE. PURSUE POU es oa eile sae wae Rk vow ee 96 


Book Reviews gn Connemara es Sans 96 


73 


peayyory sdvospury] ‘jnory-urwsjunyy prempy jo Asaynoy 
(€h91L) Ipuriquay Aq Burygq — 


SoIgie STOT}) So] 


LASCA LEAVES 


AUTUMN 1955 75 


LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT IN A TREE GARDEN 


An arboretum is a botanical tree gar- 
den. That is to say, it is a garden devoted 
to the science of trees, to the story o 
everything about trees; ‘and of that story 
there is no end 


Trees are whatever you are and what- 


nk, in this open-air world, 
with the resourceful earth which is our 
d with the sky which 


came from the c 


up into the fairy-land hidden within their 
leafy tent; from the White Pines which I 
climbed to discourage the nesting of that 
marauder the crow; and from the ancient 


their quota 
of leaf and flower to be named and classi- 
fied, to be spread to dry in the paper press, 

to be mounted and labelled for the 


an 
y, the Bald Cypress, 
the Norfolk Island Pine, the Royal Palm. 
My first job was with a nursery, planting 
the seeds, shifting seedlings from seed flat 
to thum 


aspiring maturity in orchard and garden. 
Before ever I thought of landscape archi- 
tecture, trees were my familiar friends. 


Trees are whatever you are and what- 
ill. Some tree gave Aeneas the 
Golden Bough which was his 


Druids worshipped the Oak, perhaps 
looking backward to an ancient arboreal 


Courtesy of Ralph C. Cornell, Landscape Ar- 
chitect 


home. And, strangely, there are those who 
don't like trees. They curse the Poplar lest 
its roots clog the sewer. They forbid the 
Rubber tree lest its swelling butt break up 
sidewalk and curb. They cower in fear 
lest the Gum fall and crush the house. I 
like better the fair householder who said 
with a sigh. “Trees and husbands! Both 
are messy, but nice to have around all the 
same 

Trees are a crop—of fruit, of bark, of 


t 

guarding the vital topsoil. Trees are a 
delight to humankind,—shade from the 
sun and a shadow on the ground, flower- 
ing trees for the lover of Saari fer 
house of line and form for t ist, a 
wall against the stormy wind, sid fallen 
leaves to be raked into piles by tidy gar- 
den-keepers. And whoever first said, “Go 
climb a tree!’’, must have regretted most 


76 LASCA 
bitterly that age and erie joints pre- 
vented that he do just th 


Trees are whatever you are and what- 
ever you will. For the archaeologist, trees 
provide a priceless ee of the ages. 
For the historian, trees may be the only 
living link with names and happenings 
long gone. For the nurseryman-grower, 
they are bread and butter, and money in 
the bank.—and old friends and stirring 
new acquaintances withal. For the arbor- 
Taxonomy, Morphology, 


eny, all area 
tion, but shot with magic for the lover of 
trees nonetheless 

For the landscape architect, trees are all 
of that, because 


of co-ordination and synthesis. He 
must take all the materials of the land- 
scape, the site and all that is to be set on it 
for use and beauty, the works of the horti- 
culturist, the engineer, the ce and 

must work with them to build an out-of- 
doors architecture which will serve the 


all, professional, amateur, a era 
public, with * ‘commodity, firmness, ie 
delight.’ 

Landscape architecture is, fundam 
tally, design in three dimensions, the 


organization and arrangement of space. In 
simple words, the landscape architect 
makes rooms out of doors. It may be said 
that his rooms have earth for floor, sky for 
roof, and trees for walls, although all of 
these are not always true. The important 


and used, in relation to other trees and 
to other structural materials. 

Massed trees make ond garden walls, 
especially if the space is generous. Trees 
may also furnish the floor with their pat- 
terns of shadow on lawn or paving. Again 
the high-branched spreading tree will j jin 
the sky to oe: the garden over. The 
wall may solid as with a sgeeee 
hedge of slinos Pittosporum. It may also 


LEAVES 


be a lacy screen such as the hedgerows 
which used to line the fields of a farm. It 
may be a wall with windows, tall trees 


their precious view. 
With co-operation, trees will make the 
view 

Singly Or in pairs, trees may serve to 
mark an entrance and, as an avenue, to 
create a garden hall. They may justify a 
turn in the road, dramatize and augment 
a rise ai ground, develop an architectural 
accent by contrast, screen out a 
And in screening, remember the divided- 
interest principle of camouflage. With a 
good tall tree alongside, the powerpole is 
scarcely seen, while a too solid screen may 
ane et what it is designed to hide. 

A a Anita, screening is about the 
first teva which the landscape architect 

wants to see done, around all the borders. 


race track across the way, he would wish 
that the planted vistas lead without break 
to the hills and mountains of the horizon, 
particularly for the sake of the historic 
grounds which once were the heart of the 
thousands of acres of Rancho Santa Anita. 
With forethought, time saa care, plan- 
eed = trees will do t 

If the garden be well: ad truly built, 

when = come you will not be conscious 
that its trees are doing duty as walls, 
screens and so on. But Shey must do these 
services well for your complete satisfac- 


ious’, 


Arboretum, this Someday! means too 
that there is place to grow all possible 
trees for research and study, for trial and 


public. Hence, while some of its trees are 
for garden structure, others and probably 
the most of them will be “objects in 
space”, furniture and decoration, to be 
seen and to be admired. 


is the old-fashioned word 


**Firmness”’ 


AUTUMN 1955 77 


for sound work. When we plant trees to 
make a wall, or a gate, or for any other 
structural purpose, they must have quali- 
ties and characteristics suitable to that pur- 
pose. They must be right and fit as to size 
and shape, and style and structure of 
branch and foliage. They must be reason- 
ably long-lived, and amenable to our soils 
and to our climate. The Arboretum will 
have no end of experimental plantings of 
trees, but ex Bette will not be for 
basic garden structure 


Contemporary par acre has made a 
great stir about nalism’’, wit 
much profit to se one ‘chigking: Ob- 
viously, if one takes the trouble to make 
anything, it should be well-made, and it 
should work well. The functionalist goes 
farther, to insist that the finished work 
plainly show its ‘bones’, an ideal which 
is exhibited in the traditional Japanese 
house, where timbers beautifully joined 
are an important part of the cena 
beauty of the house. The same sort of 
matter-of-fact common sense profits gar- 
den design. Other than that, the quarrel 
of styles, cprenen ey Interna- 
tional, Traditional, or have you, 
seems trivial i in the presence ‘af the eternal 
quality and dignity of the tree 

Analogies to any style may be looked 
for and found in a tree—the stately 
classic of the Orange and the Laurel Bay, 
the Gothic of an avenue of old Elms, the 
Chinese Picturesque of the Deodar Cedar, 
and the Contemporary free-form an 
dynamic branching of Santa Anita’s En- 
gelmann Oak. However, that one value 
which the landscape architect may, and 
should, add is not to be had through re- 


gard for styles or fashions, but is the 
value of Style. Trees are individuals. Each 
is unique. They will be chosen and grown 
so as to develop and display Style as indi- 
viduals, as the best of their kind, supreme- 
ly expressive of that quality, that value, 
which i culiar to each sort of tree. 


oh ei harmonized through emphasis 
a common quality, or in striking con- 
aie It is in this sort of order in the land- 
onl tt saci of trees, as mite 
in ation to each other an 
wottel abet them, that is to be found the 


best rule book is that o 
hardwood forest, the j 


with appreciative maintenance through 

the years, can then realize the full comple- 

ment of the beauty of trees, and so fulfill 

the final goal of the landscape architect, 

which is to crown all his work with 
ht’ 


“delight 


Posteriptam —The Arboretum is not ex- 
clusively to be planted to trees. However, 
an sihorcaned is, by definition, a garden of 
trees. For that reason, and because our 
Southern California climate is such that 
the tree is the plant most vital to our 
health and agents existence, herein 
our story is of the 

ea Hara taotr 


PLANT INTRODUCTIONS FOR 1954 


PHiLtip EpwARD CHANDLER 


Ficus decora came into this country from 


branches occur 
sooner and lower on the main stem as well 
as being spaced closer together corres- 
ponding to the close formation of the 
leaves. With the advent of chilly nights, 
the leaves and terminal growth turn even 


redder than the normal propensity which 
is close to that of F. elastica, with its char- 
acteristic bright new leaf sheaths. So far, 
in the Los Angeles area, F. decora has 
served as a tub plant in both full sun and 
partial shade. One stunning planting has 
combined it with Echeveria metallica. In 


warmer nights and the total effect is of a 
(Concl. on p. 8 


LASCA LEAVES 


THE EUCALYPTUS IN AUSTRALIA 


F. W. 


FoR SEVERAL MONTHS I have been trav- 
eling through Australia, a continent as 
large as the Continental United States, 
area of 3,000,000 square 


tralia: the Eucalyptus. It occurs in moist 
areas with over 50 inches of rainfall, but 


nating in Moun 
tropics at 10° SL in Northern Australia 
to the Southernmost part of Tasmania, at 
42° SL. On soils with a hard-pan it forms 
shrub-thickets, but on deep rich soils in 
the mountains it rhe into majestic for- 
~ of 300 ft. h 
swamps, on rocky outcrops, in sand or on 
heavy clay. It forms excellent timber or 


the very diverse ecological niches or re- 
quirements o ole continent, at the 
virtual exclusion of other trees. Although 
Australia is geographically isolated from 
most of the rest of the world, restricting 


terial for = evolution of trees specifically 
adapte the Australian environment. 
Yet it was ee Myrtaceae which ay ong 
the basis for most tree-needs her 
a examples of o ion ree can 
be mentioned the rainforests along t 

Eastern aoa scarps where the os 
genera have penetrated from New Guinea 
and the Asian copies. and in the — 
the Beech (Nothofagus) forms fore 

But against competition of these eh a 


WENT 


trees three quarters of all trees in Aus- 
tralia are Eucalyptus. There is no other 
r 


e genus. C 
parable group, but there we are dealing 
many different genera in several 
families. 

Although before arriving in Australia 
I had known about the importance of 


Saltornih too, but 
iid the most maj of all I saw, or 
the rapidly regenerating E. gigantea, or 
the beautiful E. goniocalyx, or the highly 
frost-resistant E. niphophila, are never 
encountered with us. This seems strange, 
because of the very intensive introduction 
of Eucalyptus into age in the be- 
ginning of the century. The Los Angeles 
State and County reac ae Kas started 
a very active program of introduction of 
t 


active cooperation of many 
scientists in Australia, and the vigorous 
efforts in Arcadia, we can look forward 
to a new era of success af Eucalyptus in- 
troduction in Califor 

It may be of abi to mention some 
of the conditions of growth of Eucalyptus 
in Australia, which might help us in our 
efforts to introduce more Eucalyptus and 


growt 
which is climatically so similar to 
tralia. The first point of interest is that 


here in Australia we seldom find a forest | 


in which only a single species of Eucalyp- 
tus grows by itself. With the exception vo 


E. regnans, 2 or 3 species always grow © 


AUTUMN 1955 


together, perfectly mixed, with usually 
the trees ener a. Still more remark- 
able is that one of this combination is al- 
ways a nails Bs the sub-genus Renan- 
therae, which w 


a 
ak a Eucalyptus of the Reson ie 
p and another one like viminalis or 
shed is a biological unit, of which the 
members stimulate each other in the sense 
that all together grow better than each 
eas If this is actually the case there 

an added reason for separa gl 
nanos in California. For there is a 
hance that we could obtain better 
growth of our Eucalyptus, now grow ing 
, if we mixed the 


° 
=) 


the contrary stimulates the growth of the 
tree. In many cases trees paermit: having 
mycorrhiza, such as most pines, cannot 
be grown successfully without it. The fun- 
gus derives much of its food from the tree 
roots, whereas the roots receive growt 

promoting ee from the fungus, and 
e fungus seems to func- 


ae are so abundant in the wet season in 
fores 
Mos ost t Eucalyptus are very fire resistant. 
There is hardly a natural forest in Aus- 
tralia of which the trunks do not show 
scars or which do no fire- 
black ead bark. The old trees usually es- 
cape destruction by fire for several rea- 
sons. The driest Eucalyptus forests have a 
ch does not come 
rasses, Banksia’s 
and the typical Australian Grass Tree 


ad 


(Xanthorrhoea). A fire in such a forest 

ains close to the ground, and in this 
way the tops of the trees escape injury. 
This causes a typical openness of the for- 
h one can see for a 


thick that the living tissues inside are not 
injured. In the wetter Eucalyptus forests 
the shrub undergrowth is higher and a 
fire in such a forest usually develops into 
ll- 


Thi the 

called ligno-tuber, a tuber-like swelling a 
the underground part of the stem, which 
survives after all above-ground parts have 
been consumed re, and from which 
new atone Redes This strong bape 
erative power can be observed in ou 
Eucalyptus sabes which inehotinety 
resprouts after having been cut at ground- 
evel. 

The regenerative power of a Eucalyptus 
forest after a fire is truly remarkable. The 
young trees come up in very large num- 
bers and do not seem to be crowded out by 


This is definitely not due to lack of light, 
for Eucalyptus forests are remarkably 


much light. 

It is of course impossible to describe all 
the different types of Eucalyptus forest in 
detail, but I would like to say something 
more about the most impressive one I 


80 LASCA 


have seen, the Mountain Ash (E. regnans) 


its water. The rainfall in this forest whic 
is situated at 2000-3000 ft. altitude is 
about 40-50 inches per year, with another 


t of the E. regnans forests 
have been destroyed by fire or by man. 
But where it still stands untouched it is 
of an undescribable grandeur, the slender 
trunks without branches for the lower 150 
feet, reaching straight up pale yellow or 
greenis its light olive 
leaves. At their base most trees are 6-10 ft. 
wide, and their height varies between 260 

and 300 feet. They dwarf stately tree 


trees. In between lie the long strips of 
bark which peel off like in our California 
Eucalyptus. 

In looking up against these most grace- 
ful of all trees, one wonders what has 
made them grow so tall. One compares 
them of course with the California Red- 
woods which grow slightly taller, and 
with the Sierran Sugar pines, or the mag- 
nificent conifers in the Alpes Maritimes in 
Southern France. It is curious that no- 


in 


ests just mentioned, which all lie well out- 
side the tropics, at about 40° N or S of the 
equator. And comparing the climates with 
each other, we find that all of them: Vic- 
toria, California and Southern France have 
winter rainfall and summer drought. Dur- 
ing the drier months the forests all seem 
to be soe at 4 surrounded by fog, which 
can be con heir needles or 
leaves to Bitsince a eee er amount of 
precipitation, and in none of the localities 


LEAVES 


tor in their growth. But we have seen 
already that in really moist tropical coun- 
tries trees do not grow so tall. Therefore 
is not the water supply benny deter- 
mines how tall a tree can gro 

Which other factor might ee lim- 
iting in a tall tree? That is the transloca- 
tion of food from the leaves to the root 
systems and to the growing cells of the 
stem. In work which I have carried out 
with tomato plants I found that the cooler 
the temperature, the better the sugar 
formed in the leaves was transported to 
other parts of the plant and the better it 
could grow. On the other hand the tem- 
perature during day had to be fairly high 
to obtain the highest rate of photosynthe- 
sis. When we compare now again the cli- 
mates where the tallest trees grow, then 
we find that they are the summer drought 
areas, which means at the same time, that 
they have big temperature differences be- 
tween day and night. The drier the cli- 
mate, the bigger this diurnal temperature 
differential is. Therefore it is not so much 
the dryness of the summer, which makes 


_ 
+ 


mal for the removal of these sugars to the 
roots. In warmer or cooler or wetter cli- 
mates we may get very large trees, but 
their size is not so much tallness but rath- 
er thickness, such as the enormous Kauri’s 
(Agathis australis) in the forests of Nor- 
thern New Zealand which reach a di- 
ameter of 30 feet, but are not over 200 
feet high. The climate there is much wet- 
ter throughout the year and the big tem- 
differential of the summer 
drought areas does not occur there. 

The tallest Eucalyptus trees are found 
in tegen tet Westeren Australia, again in an 

a with summer drought, and with a 

total rainfall of 50 inches, which supports 
the suggestion put forth earlier in this 
article. And the Eucalyptus regnans which 

Ww a considerably 
cooler climate and not such a pronounce 
summer drought is still a very tall tree, 
but does not go much above 200 feet. 


AUTUMN 1955 81 


NEW DIRECTOR AT THE ARBORETUM 


DR. WILLIAM S. STEWART, chairman 


cepted the position of director of the Los 
Angeles State and County Arboretum, 
Arcadia, and head of the Department of 
Arboreta and Botanical Gardens in Los 
Angeles County. He succeeds Dr. Russell 
13 Sita 

Term 


Ww ers in 
September as Director of the Arboretum, 
Operated since 1953 by Los,’ Angeles 
County. 
In addition to continuing the estab- 
lished program of developing new orna- 
mental plants suitable to culture in south- 
ern California, including thirteen counties, 


Dr. Stewart states that he plans to accel- 
erate a research program for the ‘‘back- 
yard gardener’, who he points out is 
assuming an increasingly important role 


U 
awarded a Ph.D. in plant physiology at 
Cal Tech in 1939. 

Prior to joining the Citrus Experiment 
Station staff in 1945, he served with the 
USDA Bureau of Plant Industry and dur- 
ing World War II was assigned to 
emergency investigations on rubber pro- 
ductjon in Mexico. 

He left the Riverside campus in 1950 
to spend three years with the Pineapple 
Research Institute in Hawaii, where he 
was head of the plant physiology depart- 


He returned to Riverside in 1953 to 
assume chairmanship of the Department 
of Orchard Management at the Citrus 


bining the i of Orchard Man- 
agement and Plant Breeding. 

Dr. Stewart has sis headed the station 
committee on orchard rejuvenation, which 


rus. 

Skiing and hiking are the chief hobbies 

of the onde family which in addition 

to Mrs. Stewart seri Mary Lee 10, 
David 9, Carol Ann 


LASCA LEAVES 


Upper: Persea nubigena 


Lower: Persea schiedeana 


AUTUMN 1955 83 


PERSEA SPECIES IN CALIFORNIA 
Mis 


. A. SCHROEDER 


Department of Subtropical Horticulture 


THE URGENT NEED for new Persea spe- 
cies or botanical relatives as rootstocks 
with disease resistance or which may in- 
duce higher yields and develop relatively 
smaller avocado trees has been responsible 
for the introduction of Persea species and 


and species have failed to become estab- 


° 
5 
aan) 

-£ 
- 
— 
= 
oO 
= 

’ 


erials and other causes, e es 
have been successfully established in Cali- 
ia and have become available for use 


materials may have ornamental value and 
other potential uses; hence a brief ac- 
count of them seems warranted. 

Among the Persea species which have 


Its exact date of introduction is not 
known. 


University of California, Los Angeles 


Another species is Persea borbonia, the 
swamp-bay of the Gulf states. This species 
is found wild in the swampy lowlands of 


known at present. The fruits are about the 
size of a small pea and about the same 
form and are inedible. The swamp-bay 


At least one introduction of this species 
was made by the University about 1946. 


o or chinnini, Persea schiede- 


The large pubescent leaf is not unlike 
that of the loquat but with a smoother or 
entire margin. The young tree is frequent- 
ly mistaken for a loquat by the casual or 
uncritical observer. The leaves commonly 


a width 


SSseaRE ple 


84 LASCA 
The tree is cit upright in habit, a rapid 
limited observations indicate 


t unlike a small Mexican seedling, with 
little flesh of inferior quality. 

Persea gigantea, the wild avocado of 
Mt. Uyuca, Honduras, was introduced in- 
to California in 1946. This species in its 
native habitat is a very large tree 60 to 70 
feet tall. The coriaceous leaf is broadl 
lanceolate in form with considerable pu- 
bescence. The young unfolded leaves and 
stem tip are covered with a bright red 
pubescence of a color not found in most 
other ae of Persea. 

wild avocado of Tecpan (Guate- 
Sale), Persea nubigena, was sent to Cali- 
fornia ilson Popenoe about 
e leathery nature - the broadly 
a. leaves makes t plant less 
attractive to most people se Na with 
other species in the group. The few speci- 
mens observed in California have shown 


The fruit is small 
pyriform with large seed and little flesh, 


tractive 

n introduction made in 1947 which 
has received considerable attention because 
of its relative ease of propagation and es- 
pecially because of its precocity and heavy 
yields is Persea floccosa. This species from 
the ane icsianees of Mt. Orizaba in Vera 
Cruz, roduces an abundance of 
small, pach inedible, pyriform fruit 
about two inches in diameter with corky, 
hard skin. The fruit is fant in large clus- 
ters. It has been hybridized with the com- 


bearing habit and precocity ma in- 
duced in the hybrids or their backcrosses. 

The leaf of P. floccosa is somewhat nar- 
rowly lanceolate in form, very 


along the young branchlets. This species 


LEAVES 


has been observed to manifest as much 
cold ae as any avocado, even as 
young plan 

Several rc 1 sjeem including P. Don- 
nell-Smithii and P. skutchii introduced by 
Dr. G. A. Zentmyer, pe many other bo- 
tanical relatives — probably of the near 
ndra—and s 
tee Anions more 
closely related to the avocado are awaiting 
indexing and more extended observations 
before ‘their characteristics and identit 
can be determined. It is likely that at least 
some of them may prove to be of value 
and interest to the amateur irene 
as well as the research worker 


PLANT INTRODUCTIONS FOR 1954 
(Continued from p. 77) 
much more co mpact and superior strain 
. elastica; though there, as with so 
many plants, the warmer nights have not 
brought out the red-bronze in the foliage, 
one of the plant’s most attractive character- 
istics. The cold tolerance of this species 
is not yet known. 
ebe menziesi is a little bush veronica 
recently brought south from the San Fran- 
Many species and Keer 
hebe have been grown in oastal 
south for generations, but in the opiniol 
of the writer, this is the best of them all. 
Only 14”-16” high and 20” across, this 
elegant little shrub which looks w 
dressed at all times, spells the happy an- 
swer for a permanent ornamental where 


eR Ne Se ROE Se RE Ce eT 


mound of good gloss and fine texture. 
And in addition to all these attributes, the 
shrubs BLOOMS i 


virus, has een observed on a single 
plant in ber garden; in no way is this 
e a “prima donna.” Its extremely 


small scale suggests its eae wit 
things like Lonicera nitida and Aza 
microphylla; Fairthveenite. it looks well 
alone, in 7” fern 


AUTUMN 1955 85 


TREE FERNS IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 


ALFRED W. ROBERTS 


THE MANY TREE FERNS known, there 
are less than twenty species which have 
been successfully grown out-of-doors in 
hern California. No doubt this num- 
ber will increase as new ferns are intro- 
duced. Heading the list among the most 
popular tree ferns are Alsophila well 

nd Dicksonia antarctica, These two spe- 
cies are preferred because of tele ability 
to adapt themselves to the climate of 
Southern California’s coastal zones 
ophila australis and its robust cousin 


reach fairly strong sunlight. fps grace- 
ful chartreuse fronds extend from 6 to 
unks see reached 
hern Califor- 
nia). A. excelsa grows faster and straight- 
er than the australis, and reaches heights 
of 40 to 60 feet in the tropical regions of 
og: valag 
s known, but the hardiest of the 
. This 


antarctica 1s 


its slower growth, this species is better 
suited to small areas. 

The roots which add to the bulk of the 
trunk each year are criss-crossed. Dickson- 
ia fibrosa is often mistaken for D. antarc- 
tica. 

_ Also from New Zealand we have the 
lovely, narrow, black trunked Dicksonia 
Squarrosa. The three- to four-foot fronds 


are produced on dark, hairy stems and as- 
me a horizontal position when mature. 
This fern will foliage burn during the ex- 
tremely hot, dry days of late fall. It does 
well in canyons near the coast or in humid 
areas and under such conditions it is com- 
mon for young shoots to sprout from the 
trunk. Average height is eight feet. 

Hemitelia smithii is very similar to D. 
squarrosa except that its fronds are quite 
soft in texture and are even more subject 
to foliage burn during hot, dry weather. 
Recommended for cool, coastal canyons. 
Average height is eight feet. 

Alsophila armata, recently introduced 

rom Mexico an merica, enjoys 
a cool, protected spot. Time will tell if 
this spine-leafed fern will accept our cli- 
matic conditions favorably. 

Cyathea medals is os rapid grower 
and is considered by so 5 he as hardy 
as A. aa ee Its black saat fronds 
have reached 12 feet in length. Plants in 

Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, have 
reached heights exceeding 24 feet with a 
20 foot spread, and some have trunks 16 
inches at the base. Its cousin, C. dealbata, 
or Silver Fern from the Northern and 
Middle Islands of New Zealand, is not 
such a rapid grower. Several plants in 
their native habitat have produced trunks 
40 feet hi ut most mature plants 
reach heights of 15 feet. They have a sil- 
ver sheen on the under side of their green- 
stalked fronds. 

Concluded in next issue 
rrr eT eee Yee ee ee ee ee ee ee 


act baie ‘ala ag Fuchsia Society, a unit 

as sult of a merger of two groups 

formerly hiaces oning separately, sponsored a 
Pla 


Mid-Summer Shade nt Show on July 9th 
and 10th, in the Long Beach Municipal Audi- 

iu ng Beach, Calif. Displays of fuch- 
sias and related shade plants, entered by the 
Societ a S$ Ww extend from 
San Luis Obispo to Chula Vista, included 
begonias, ferns, African Violets, gloxinias, 


bromeliads, as well as commercial equipment 
to help grow them successfully 


86 LASCA LEAVES 


ke Rac ae 


ae: 


os left: Idria columnaris, young plant, 
leafing out asd habitat photo by Merrill. 


Eee left: wey awe specime en in Hunt- 
ington Rateniin’ Gardens; photo by Ralph 
Cornell. Upper right ‘oat s twig and in- 


florescence; photo courtesy Huntington Botan. 
ical Gardens. Lower right: habitat view in dry 
season; photo by Merrill 


AUTUMN 1955 87 


IDRIA COLUMNARIS 


WILLIAM HERTRICH 


ONE OF THE CURIOUS specimens of desert 
plants that one encounters on an investi- 
gative poawed through the Desert Garden 
of the Hun 


literature it is unaccountably called also 
the Boojam Tree. 

Botanically, dria columnaris belongs to 
the family Fouquieriaceae. It has a limited 
habitat, that portion of Baja California 
extending from approximately the thir- 
tieth parallel southward for about one 
hundred miles, growing there in colonies 
or ‘forests’, in one of the desert spots on 
the margin ‘of the Bay of Sebastian Viz- 
caino, east of Cedros Island. The 
in which it thrives, however, 
ad bad of inland deserts, but it is likely 
to be relatively low in humidity sage ee 

ews and infrequent rains and a reason- 
ably high water table. The exceptionally 
limited confines of the habita 
slow spread of the species ais be ac- 
countable to some extent to the behavior 


that reach maturity. Young 
vitally dependent upon at least occasional 
rains during the summer dry season. Ma- 
ture plants, on the other hand, enter a 
period of estivation in late summer and 
remain dormant until the autumn or win- 
ter rains, a habit which juvenile plants do 


comparative drought, 
young specimens ate fatally affected. 
Younger plants “i usually pone in 
shape, broader than high (see cut). 
Pie the Pan is well chlished it has 
mense capacity for survival. Occasion- 
ally saolated specimens have made news 


in cactus and succulent literature. One, 


Carefully measured by a 
methodical plant hunter, over a period of 
thirteen years it was found to have grown 
six inches. Normally plants grow to 
heights of forty feet or more with a two- 
foot base, tapering upward to a relatively 
slim terminal. The branches are little more 
than twigs in relation to the trunk; they 
measure about two feet long at the base of 
the sei shortening to a mere few inches 
near top. The accompanying pe 
gr eke how specimens h with and 
without leafy foliage, the latter condition 
a protective one durin season. 
The leafing out occurs again once the rains 

moisture becomes 


necessary to its s 
been found to be fairly hollow, and it is 
recorded that bees introduced into Lower 
California for horticultural and economic 
purposes, have thrived by occupying Cirio 
runks. 

Flowers of Idria columnaris are small 
three-petalled, ivory-white to pale green 
blossoms appearing chiefly near the termi- 
nal, in a manner similar to those on the 
familiar Ocotillo plants of California 
deserts. Comparatively rare under cultiva- 
tion, plants of various ages are observable 


of the native habitat. Plants in the Hunt- 
ington Gardens are either specimens col- 
lected and transplanted here, or plants 
grown from seed (very thin, papery, trans- 
parent) from the largest and oldest in 
the Gardens. The latter, somewhat over 
twenty years ago was about twenty feet 
tall—said to have been the finest public 
specimen known to exist. It is now close to 
forty-feet and in excellent condition. 


88 LASCA LEAVES 


THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF L. H. BAILEY 
TO THE CLASSIFICATION OF CULTIVATED PLANTS 


Puitie A. MUNZ 


A paper — on oo 6, 
ted Plan at the m 


1955 in a symposium on “ 
meetings of The American ene 


The ‘porpiatagpe of Culti- 


Bic ein Sciences, Michigan State Univers 


My FIRST CONTACT ison L. H. Bailey 
was a silent one. I remember as a grad- 
uate student at Camel University ‘Spine: 
ing a day in the stacks in the central 
library. It was about 1916 and I worked 


was much thrilled and boasted to my fel- 
low students about it afterward. Bailey 
had retired as dean of the College of 
Agriculture by the time I arrived at 
Cornell in 1914 so that we did not see 
him on the campus with much frequency, 
but we new people heard about him con- 
stantly. As a matter of fact, he was in 
Ithaca much of the time and we caught 
m 


hen I joined the staff of the Bailey Hor- 
torium in 1944. I presume it was my 
connection with that staff for two years, in 
which the Manual of Cultivated Plants 
was in preparation, which accounts for my 
presence on the program today. It has 
fallen to my lot mostly not to work 
with cultivated plants, but the two years 
spent at the Bailey Hortorium (1944- 
1946) gave me a little insight into prob- 
lems connected with their study and great- 
ly enhanced my acquaintance with sys- 
tematic literature. In fact they ine been 
invaluable to me since in building up a 
library on botany and bisaiealecee to the 
Rancho Santa Ana Botanic 

In thinking? overt material for she pres- 
ent paper and in reading some of Dr. 
Bailey's early writings, I have received a 
number of impressions: 

(1) Dr. Bailey's long life of botanical 
activity covered a period in which the 
whole concept of the species, of classifi- 
cation, of systematic botany in general 


made great growth. His own thinking 
naturally underwent change and he helped 


and enough to make him rate as a sys- 
tematist of first rank. 

(3) His work on cultivated plants was 
tremendous, embracing not only titles like 


Cyclopedias, Hortus, Manual of Culti- 
vated Plants, etc., but even more basic 
pieces of w 


As we aks the subject assigned to 
me for today let us examine in more 


ave e been im- 
pressed again by the fact ae Dr. Bailey 
was not a closet botanist. To him plants 
were much more than dry fragments 
mounted on a sheet of white paper. He 
was a field man, who collected widely 
in this country and abroad. Witness his 
excursions to most of the spots in Amer- 
ica from which species of Rubus had been 
described, from San Francisco to Ver- 
mont. Think of the collections he had 
made of Carex over much of eastern and 
western North America. Remember his 
long trips into the interior of China, 
to Panama, to Brazil, to Venezuela, to 


over to Mrs. Bailey. He said that she — 
always carefully put it away and when 
she died it had been willed to him. In this 


—_ 


'\ 


_ 


— 


ee 


a 


Dl Uh 


Oe ee 


AUTUMN 1955 89 


the wild, but he also knew them as they 


it. 
Bae his little 
“Cross-Breeding and easing 
lished in April, 1892, and read t 
sults of his own work in the oe n. 
He wrote there: ‘In 1889, several aid 
crosses were made among egg-plants. 
These fruits matured pet the seeds from 
them were sown Some 200 
plants were grown’”’ “A dozen fruits 
were selected from various parts of this 
patch, and in 1891 about 2500 plants 
were grown from them.” Further on, “In 
extended experiments in the crossing 
of pumpkins, squashes and gourds, car- 
ie during se increase 
crossing has 
n many instances.’ As an- 
instance, he grew a Paraguayan 
species of Physalis or husk-tomato, seeds 
of which had been sent him by Morong. 
He tried it in the house and out-doors 
without getting any fruit. But the third 
attempt, also out-of-doors, resulted in 
seed. He noted physiological differences 
r response. He noted the tremendous 


0 
spear produced by hybridizing, say- 
8 


pub 


Rerbiaee of the Bailey Hortorium has 
much important cultivated material. 
Thus as the years passed, Bailey's ex- 


isms gave him y 
differed among Stan 5 phsilocaly 
and internally as well as morphologically 
and that often it was the former differ- 


rs 
importance of physiology in the species 


ae back to the first of the three 


aper on inheritance in peas. Bailey 
later received a letter from De Vries 
telling him that it was this reference 
that led him to seek Mendel’s 

(which ite himself rose not seen, as it 


bo 
Mendel’s paper and 
later, in helping to shape the more modern 
taxonomic point of view 
oming now to the second point i 
stated, namely the large amount of t 
Bailey on wild 


fe) 
the study of cultivated species so success- 
fully. Among his earlier studies the most 
I am aware is the 


papers as a ae of North American 
species in n which almost 300 
species were gra This series con- 
tinued until at least 1896. The Bailey 
collection of herbarium material in this 
genus is a notable one and as late as 
1945 Bailey still hoped to go back to 
this early love and do something of mono- 
graphic nature. I am certain that the 
intensive study in this genus which he 
carried on in herbaria in Europe as well 
as in America gave him a type concept 
and the training that prepared him for 


90 LASCA 
later tasks. Then followed the period 
of his deanship at Cornell (1903-1913) 
which was net productive of taxonomic 
research. But after that his reports on his 


apers describing a 
number of noveltics, again in wild plants. 
And then came a new series of studies 

raphic in nature, all based on con- 
siderable field study, in some cases garden 
culture, and of course herbarium and 
library work. Perhaps the most exhaus- 
tive of these treatments was that of North 
American Rubus (a series of papers in 
Gentes Herbarum) a study which like the 
others involved groups of considerable 


im 
and has illustrated it beautifully and 
painstakingly. Moreover, as never before, 
as amassed an herbarium collection 

of adequate specimens for reference. 
Among other papers of his later period 
is the one on North American species of 
Cucurbita (Gentes Herbarum 6: 267-322. 
1943). Here, as in Rubus, he was con- 
cerned with both wild and cultivated 
plants and, here again, he gives us a 
new basis from which to proceed in the 
study of this genus. The same is true of 
his paper on grapes of North America 

(Gentes Herbarum 3:151-244, 1934). 


work is ~ on palms. I believe it is 

e voluminous than — of us 
realize. Begining as an O 
eriod when most greg pa e 
satisfied to rest on thei 


this work unimportant. Certainly so large 
a family and one contributing so muc 


world, needs to be thoroughly’ understood. 
So far as I can ascertain his published 


LEAVES 


studies on this family in the volumes 
of Gentes Herbarum cover just over 1100 
pages with another 113 pages in collab- 
oration with Dr. H. E. Moore, Jr. Most 
of us are in no position to judge the 
merit of this work. I do know, however, 
that the collection Bailey brought from 
the tropics and on which these studies are 
largely based exceeds in quality and com- 
pleteness that of most or any other palm 
collections. His attempt was to get by 
actual pieces and by photographs as com- 
plete a representation of each species as 
possible. Remember too that while es 
this field work often in very rugged an 
inaccessible places, he was in his cape 
and eighties. I recall that when he 
Giened to the Hortorium in the spring of 
1946 from some months in Trinidad and 
Tobago he brought with him a mass of 
material. He arranged this species by spe- 
cies and went over it with me oto- 
graphs of and notes on habit and stature, 
photographs of inflorescences and other 
ai age parts, specimens of necessary parts — 
as leaves, flowers, fruits. 
nae me material apr ye of the 
names under which many of these West 
Indian palms had a ows: Origin-— 
ally many of these names had beer. based | 
on Brazilian species and Dr. Bailey showed — 
me how different the Brazilian and West 
Indian plants were. This paper on the- 
Palms of Trinidad and ila (Gentes — 
Herbarum 7: 352-445. 1947) was pub-— 
lished in Bailey's 91st year and it is a_ 
natural temptation on seeing the many — 
new species therein described to doubt 
their validity. Knowing nothing about 
palms but seeing the material on which — 
these were based I have more confidence 
in them. At any rate, for a nonegenarian — 
to write such a paper, lucidly expresed 
and with each species beautifully illus-— 
trated, is no mean accomplishment. — 
Needless to say, many of the palms stud- | 
ied are of considerable economic import- 
ance, | 
I have taken some time and may seem — 
far from the topic assigned me, but I am _ 
impressed through this series on mono- 
graphic or revisional papers by Bailey's 
comprehension and understanding of both 


Ps 


AUTUMN 1955 91 


feral and domesticated species in each 
group. They are treated alike. In papers 
on blackberries, pumpkins and grapes he 
makes no differentiation, but discusses 
plants of the wild and those of the garden. 
And now we come to the third point men- 
tioned early in my discussion, that of 
Bailey’s work on cultivated plants pri- 
marily. 

When we think of this work on culti- 
vated plants there come to mind first 
his books like the Manual of Cultivated 
Plants, Hortus, and the Cyclopedia of 
American Horticulture. Here we see 
names given to plants of the garden and 
orchard, we are given descriptions and 
keys for determination. But we do not 
always know what goes on before such 
treatment is possible. In the first place, 
cultivated plants vary tremendously as to 
how much they have been modified by 
man. Some are almost like the wild spe- 
cies from which they were taken; their 
treatment is relatively easy if there are 
good monographs and floras available. 
Others have been modified recently 
enough so that we know something as to 
their parentage and development and the 
historical record in taxonomic literature 


f these Linnaeus named, 
but it is not always easy to know which 
form, in what may be a very polymorphic 
species, Linnaeus knew and to which form 
his binominal should apply and to which 
others various varietal or subspecific epi- 
thets can be given. Other cultivated plants 


were not known by Linnaeus and yet 
eeded mes. Moreover, the general 
feeling, at least in America, used to be 


2,448 t 
that domesticated plants were beyond the 


tematic botany in Bailey’s youth, felt that 
many domesticated groups were too com- 
plex for satisfactory taxonomic treatment. 

The above ideas gradually came to Dr. 
Bailey and in 1918 he proposed (Science 
47: 306-308) the terms indigen for plants 


of known habitat and distribution in the 


found hundreds among 
plants of long periods of domestication. 
He argued that these cultigens need to be 
admitted ” the society of recognized 
905 (Science 21: 


tion between native form 
forms is einen unnecessary and per- 
nicious. All animals are animals and all 
plants are plats.” : 

in his writings such papers as 


The Domesticated Cucurbitas (Gentes 
Herbarum 2: 62-115. 1929) and The 
Cultivated Brassicas (lc., 2101267 


1930), where he treats as species what so 
seem to him. I do not argue that the bi- 
nomials that he proposes will stand. His 
treatment of the genus Capsicum, for in- 
ot be the acceptable one after 


cribed and figured his proposed species or 
variety and thus made it possible to record 
and discuss the entity concerne 

For many year Bailey was con- 
cerned about the rigidity of our nomen- 
clatorial procedure and its inadequacy 
with reference to domesticated plants par- 
ticularly. He spoke and wrote repeatedly 
to this end. He undoubtedly helped to 
bring to a head the movement that has at 
last culminated in 1954 in a nomencla- 
torial code for cultivated plants and which 
should help in time to reduce the con- 
fusion in horticultural literature. 

Not only did Dr. Bailey create the great 
reference works already mentioned, such 
as the Standard Cyclopedia of American 
Horticulture and Hortus, but he w 
many m 
on Cultivated Evergreens, the Garden of 
Pinks, The Garden of Larkspurs, the Gar- 
den of Gourds, The Garden of Bellflowers. 
And all during the years he continued to 


92 LASCA 
build up the herbarium in which are de- 
posited specimens of so — domesti- 
and plants as well as wild o 

me Dr. Bailey’s rue eer to the 
iia aeateas ol sane ti plants lie in 


pie directior 
1) He more than anyone else in 
Pek helped break the prejudice 


against the taxonomic study of domesti- 
cated plants, and showed that they need to 
be approached with the same techniques 
and methods as do other plants. 

(2) He helped develop the method- 
ology for the systematic study of plants in 
general and the philosophy and point of 
view behind such study. Moreover, he 
very ably expressed all this in words. 


ZL 


WILLIAM HERtTRICH—Fellow, American 
Camellia Society: “Mr. William Hertrich, 
Curator Emeritus of the Henry E. Hunt- 
ington Botanical Gardens, San Marino, 
has been elected a Fellow of the American 
Camellia Society in recognition of and 
appreciation for his outstanding contribu- 
tions in the field of horticulture an 

with ig aa emphasis on the 
genus Camellia L.”’ Such is the quote from 
American Camellia spond ; 
No. 3., July 1955, announcing this fitting 


William Hertrich: Medal 


of Honor of the Garden Club of America presented March 19, 


LEAVES 


(3) He made available by his own 
published works both monographic and 
encyclopedic treatments 4s which culti- 
vated plants can be identified. 

He brought a aa to 
which led toward a more adequate formu- 
ation of rules for nomenclature of do- 
mesticated plants. 

(5) He assembled an herbarium col- 
lection of cultivated plants different from 
any other in America 

(6) He urged, and with considerable 
success, the deposition of representative 
material in an herbarium when chromo- 
some counts are published, so that identi- 
— of the plant concerned can always 
be verified. 


ne 


yi 


recognition of one of Lasca Leaves’ valued 
editorial committee members and advisors, 
and one of its senior contributors. Read- 
ers of have not yet been 
privileged to see the photographic repro- 
duction of the Medal of Hono 

by The Garden Club of America, 
honor received within the current year, on 


March 19, 1955 (see Lasca Leaves, Vol. 
V, No. 2, Spring 1955; Cactus on Suc- 
culent Journ il of Aserice Vol. 27, No. 2, 


March 1955). Note illustration aii 


1955 


FICUS PLANTING IN DOWNTOWN LOS ANGELES 
printed in Lasca Leaves 
W. Roewekamp 


Release for Parks and Recreation Magazine; 
by courtesy of Richfield Oil Corporation and F. 


THERE’S A NEW LOOK to the northwest 
corner of Sixth and Flower Streets in 
downtown Los Angeles these days. 

It's a look of freshness and brightness, 
brought there with the planting by Rich- 
field Oil Corporation of thirteen ever- 
green rubber trees (Ficus retusa) in the 
sidewalks bordering its familiar black and 
gold General Office building. 

Planted in cooperation with the Los 
Angeles Beautiful program for the ane 
fication of Downtown Los An ngeles, they 
are the first trees to be siti in sidewalks 
in the central business ar 

__ Officially, the trees now ‘belong to the 


~ 


at ceremonies attended 
by business ud civic leaders on April 14. 

hope the planting of these trees 
will Ai ad to many additional plantings 
throughout the downtown area,” Mayor 


Poulson said. “Nothing oo add more 
to the arsed eness of our ¢ 

As a leader in the field of conservation 
education and encouragement, and with 
many trees having been removed in Los 

ngeles to make way for expansion, it is 
Richfield’ s aim in planting these trees to 
help conserve the City’s beauty, Mr. Jones 
said. 
Planted in the outer edges of the side- 
walks, the trees are spaced to conform 
with saree entrances, crosswalks and 
lighting facilities in accordance with the 
pattern laid sa by Albert C. Martin and 
Associates, architects and engineers. Or- 
namental ironwork guards protect the 
trees and sidewalk grilles permit watering 
and cultivation. 


ee Lasca Leaves, Vol. IV, No aS for 
ak on Ais Valley 


M. Knudse 


Te os Angeles Be autiful” 


94 


LASCA LEAVES 


ANNOUNCEMENT 


Russella K. MeGah, until current date, sae 
Agecters My the Los Angeles State a nd Count 
retum, has rec cited certi ification from t 


on scheme 


initiated by cad ‘Libra 
Manks. e€ 
LASCA ‘henty is an ree el ed hak the scheme 
will come into its own, in admirable sts 


tribute to its current Librarian, Mrs. 


is Gunatats 
LASCA Weather Records pub- 
lished eee 

4 4 4 


]. Howard ane Aus hewn of hoa 
and nde ine a Hu 

Marino, has en elect ay a 
nara of the ar ate California Horticultural 
Ins 


GROWING NOTES 


GEORGE H. SPALDING 


ANIGOZANTHUS 
One of the most interesting contribu- 
tions to Southern California gardens from 
the land “down under” is Anigozanthus 
or Kangaroo Paw. This genus belongs to 
the family Amaryllidaceae. It is composed 


like resembling Siberian Iris and often po as 
some black along the margins. The a 
companying artist's drawing illustrates the 
form very well. The plants are in flower 
for a long period of time, two months or 
more, blooming usually in July and Aug- 
ust in Southern California. They have the 
cL RE of being made of felt a 
somewhat artificial feeling. As cut flow- 
ers for arrangements they are oustanding 
and unique. e flowers are ular, 
opening into a star at the end. The tubes 
are extremel y fuzzy ; the open stars clear 
green usually with the anthers showing 
clear and yellow in the center of the star. 
The stems of some plants are quite black 
and the flowers chartreuse, a striking con- 
trast. 
The group we are growing at the Ar- 
boretum are apparently hybrids, and pos- 
itive identification has not been made as 


sown in our regular seeding mixture (one- 


half Georgia Peat, one-half Sponge Rok 
by volume). All three lots germinated in 
three weeks. The plants grew well and 
were planted in the field nursery when one 
year old. The soil in this nursery is black 
and heavy becoming very sticky when wet 
and hard to the point of cracking when 
. Good growth resulted and the first 
blooms appeared when the plants were 
two years old. In 1954 all the clumps 


ou. 
a 


oe 
f 
OP 


Anigozanthus 


Original pen and ink sketch by Ted Pugh 


ie m 


RT eS 


AUTUMN 1955 95 


were removed from the nursery and 


planted in the Australian section where 


» roots are fibrous not rhizomatomous. No 


. 
cr 
=. 
7) 
i 
ao 
ss) 
5 
= 
= 
Oo 
> 
ia) 
Lal 
om 
pp 
oo 
+O 
[ae 
c 
a 
oe 
5 
an 
ia’) 
A 
om 
“a 
cr 
rs) 
=) 
[ow 


would be valuable if the flowers were 
used in cut arrangements. 

No special care as to feeding or water- 
ing has been given these plants and they 
flourish. Water is applied (a thorough 
soaking) about every ten days to two 
weeks. 


In addition to the hybrid group men- 
tioned above, we are also growing Anigo- 
zanthus manglesii. At this writing the 
seedlings have just been put into the field 
so no reports can be made. 

The Kangaroo Paws are an interesting 
and relatively easy group of plants to 
grow. They are unusual and should be 
much more widely used in Southland 


ne oe 


saath PICTUR 

We indebted to ree New York 
Botanic iGuide: and to Scott E. Hasel- 
n for the color plate—not an indication 

e an adopted custom at present but as an 
experimental diversion at the end of the 
first five years of Lasca Leaves and to mark 
the issue of its first indexing. The repro- 
duction appeared as an end-plate of The 
Garden Journal of the New York Botani- 


Alexander, to the following effect: 
ne of the most interesting of jungle 
cacti, Cryptocereus anthonyanus, was first 
by T. MacDougall in the jungles 
of the state of Chiapas in Mexico in Jan- 
uary 1946. Until it flowered in 1950 it 
could not be botanically named, at which 


is one of a group of cacti requiring both 
heat and moisture to thrive, but differing 


— lasting but a single night. The 
eam and maroon color contrast is ex- 
cedoniily striking. 


2 


i gardens. 
| CALENDAR 
Muriel Merrell, newly appointed Flower these Standard Flower anal Divisions. All of 
Show Schools Chairman for District 2-A, is e instructors will be redited with the 


geles area will begin on Saturday, October 29th. 
In the interest of immediately improved 
Amateur Flower Shows, the 2nd Series has been 


— lL 
oO v 
5 
wr 


of Instruction on eae ulture, Nitate Arrange- 
and ‘Flower Showmans 
he New Secies | s been sarecialls designed 


il ide 
ane 


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a 
> 
oo 


=] 
nn 
cI 
- 
paver 
oO 
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— 
= 
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— 
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om 
sn] 
> 
Len J 
Lee 3 
pe 
=) 
gs 
a 
5 
ge 
< 
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= 
+“ 
Cc 
yw 


ones use of ie 
Current Judging practices ‘plied to both of 


National Council of State Gatien Clubs. 

ase i = Sagar in the lecture on gis 
“Show will be i 
ious Piasene Sh ow Chairmen, General S$ oe a 
Flower Show Sc Aidehte proper Pneatconne 
and Display 


e who wish to work towards a 


n elles 
passed, and all lectures attended. 

Enrollment is limited. Register promptly. 
sonia information ¢an be obtained by writing 


aati MERRELL 

Flower Show Sc rgd oe District 2-A 
823 North Laurel A 

Hollywood 46, California 


LASCA LEAVES 


NAMES, NOTES AND NEWS 


96 

Dorothy Jenkins, Garden Editor, New 
Times, travelled in the southland during Au- 
gust, to study the field of flower seed produc 


tion and the firms which handle he by cae of 


poe shin for that purpose in this part 

of the country. Lompoc, the nor cgesier Genioid 

f Southern California, was cular spot 
tion 


resources 
al- 


most solely to acres 


verting from this s 

ington Botanical Gar eens San Mar Miss 
Jenkins interviewed Mr. Hertrich on the Cac- 
t nd lent Collection tae as Mi 


second Sunday of beige in the New Vue 
Times Garden Sec 


Lasca Leaves’ editor Board Members— 
Mrs. Mildred Davis and Dr. Louis B. Martin 
are scheduled capita a in courses for horti- 


Gal 
Adults, in September. Mrs _ Davis is a Land- 


rae a and Garden Consultant. Dr. 
Mar " Plact hy si oe at the Los 


n adia, will 
ten-wee in Agricultural 
Plant Physiology, a ota on 
Wednesday, September 14, at Univ. 
Exten. Center, a a? Hill, ie t Niooes 


Fred W. Roe oe clr haely has as Sup- 
erintendent of Park Developmen the De- 


a it about 


by Char 
ae: ipadlcare 


Div . {For further news of Street 
Tie yep ag in the City of Los Angeles, see 
ool. 


BOOK REVIEWS pes COMMENTS 


Garden Spice and Wild Pot-Herbs. Walter C 
Muenscher and Myron A. 

New York. 1955. This 
211 pages has a wealth of interesting 
material on pir of the herbs used in seasoning 
and cookery. The subject matter covers oie crip- 
tions of ae plants, their treatment (propaga- 
tion, hardiness, harvesting, ne, storing) and 
their culinary and other A chap on 


€ 

oO engravings not only 
€ sei aati look like, but pr 

the whole work an old- payne charm o 
ght herbals. The type used and the make-up 
of the book a consistent a. tis ee The 

price 1s $5.7 p A. MuNz 
y ieee age 


Asiatic wee in Cultivation. G. H. John- 
we ; .M. With a — fi 
the Hon. D. B owes- inte V. M. H. The 
Picci Soc London, eng te. bp. ig 
14 colour plates, “bles, line drawings, 20 lit 
ograp tes sepia, ap ell "elossay, 
oo ie aie of E n Asia. 
A new book which c whe an acini to 
every yee but most Se hcakacly to lovers of 


1 


com 
— — nt genus. Many of the group 


an be grown very successfully along the Pacific 
Cas Abe southernia California to British 
oe 


Mr. Johnstone is to be ‘warmly congratulated 
not only on the able compilation of textual 


Liege and the charmingly readable manner 
in which it is ron but also on the hand- 
some format of t ook, its excellent quality 
of paper me pala good printing work, en- 
ae the whole effect. 

able information 


is contained in the 


a mas of the book on the placing, por 
general, heir 


and pruni 


condition este m 
above, but apply to all practical considerations, 
wherever magnolias may pl 


ropagat cuttings, layering, 

grafting, budding, and by se = is given con- 

siderable space and treated most ably. Another 
full page is ay to magnolia Pheascrog all o 

hich are with one eption tArmil- 

laria le ich an be trou uble some under — 


€ 
i Sorte favorable 

Botanical descriptions of shi: vaaser rage 
and varices of this Asiatic group com 


% ! 

een cott enabling the reader to 
it any desired hivoee the book, 

well as seven ice page or MS. notes at the 


end of each Sectio eal the 
divided ‘his sehen a ‘Snahatiae: for stu 


Price $8.85 WILLIAM Henrnicit! 


E 


e the : 


SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURAL INSTITUTE 


OFFICERS 1955 


Pres es ee ee RONALD B. TOWNSEND 
V OPV es re a ed ee ee MILDRED E. MATHIAS 
EVERIO oe a a, haa ek ae LG FreD W. ROEWEKAMP 
SOPOT cecnine cs hank 4 eh Sa ee eS nae GEORGE H. SPALDING 
EXOCHUOE- SOE ee ie 6 es va es ca he os VICTORIA PADILLA 
BOARD OF DIRECTORS 
J. HowarD ASPER Percy C. EVERETT 
WILLIAM BERESFORD EARLE E, HUMPHRIES 
HowarRD BODGER VERNON T. STOUTEMYER 
PHILIP EDWARD CHANDLER HAROLD SWANTON 
RALPH C. CORNELL RICHARD WESTCOTT 
ADVISORY COUNCIL 
SAMUEL AYRES, JR. Murray C,. MCNEIL 
ROBERT CASAMA JOR MANFRED MEYBERG 
Henry R. Davis LOVELL SWISHER, JR. 
HuGH EvaANs Roy F, WiLtcox 
MEMBERSHIPS 
RONNIE RCI eae he's ik cart aig dius Wnt BA RE $ 5.00 year 
COUT OR ATOR ose eos ceca VOU s ewer Vin on ov 5.00 year 
Associate (for individual in member group only)....... 2.00 year 
COR DRCOIOE coe oad he ease sia ed eas we see ae 25.00 year 
SEIINCTAL TIE 5 nia 8 bw eo wok HE Ao s Wale Fhe a 50.00 year 
MRE DIQUU 5565 Sh ieee che Pees HOR 3am © 50.00 year 
LitG TRAINEES 5 os an as Oe nas es ae eee Bale eee 500.00 


Ask the Secretary about privileges of each membership class. 


MEETINGS: 2nd Thursday of each month, Plummer Park, 
7377 Santa Monica Boulevard 
Fiesta Hall of the Community Building 


ADDRESS 
Box 688—Arcadia—California 
Telephone DOuglas 7-8207 


i ASCALEAVES. 
_ The official publication of the Southern California Horticdlpifal Institute 
: and the California Arboretum Foundation, Inc. 

_ Sponsors of — ee, : | 


Sos 
i 

foe 
<e 
a 


LASCA LEAVES INDEX 1950-1955 


NOTE: Volume I, #1 appeared Oct. 1, 1950, comprised of 5 issues, through Oct. 1951. Subsequent 


volumes, 4 issues each, com 
July, Oct., designated respectively as Winter, Sprin 


American Camellia Society Fellowship, V.92 
Pas collection at the Arboretum (Arcadia), 
III.64 


ee ae If. ve III.76, ad 


eat sias with, IV.57 
Ackworth School, Yorkshire, Eng., IV 5 
Adams, Charles Gibbs, I. : 1V.4 
“Adv res with Pasadena Screech Owls,” 
of Dan and Edith B. Quattlebaum, reviewed, 

African Fern Pine, III.37 
Agapanthus 37 

7, 


61 
g Experiments at eee — (Re- 
print), F. . Hanger, V. M. and A. 
havendcce IV: 
“Air Pollution Damage to 3, Say erg Crops’’, 
ohn a Middleton, J. B. Kendrick, Jr., and 


E. ys 
Air- polluted in Los Angeles area, extent of, 


Alaska, habitat range of Fragraria chiloensis, V.3 
“Album Floristico’ apy vico Florestal, Rio de 
Janeiro (1940 77 

Alfalfa, si-poluton damage to, V 


“Al fred Gr : A Tribute’, V. vt eee 
So Id 

criss I 

“Alkathene’”’, fe tell film, I 

All Year Club, Los peor Calif, 1.18 


s from, II.1,2 


Algeria, et offshoot 
A. 1.17, 


illiam Vecteich, 


“Aloes of Africa, The’, Gilbert Westacott 
Ids (review), Il. 32,56 
Alpes Mar wit France, conifers in, 


hows, cosine classes, V.95 
awberry g rowing area, V.3 


an Me euie for the Advancement of 
Sciews Vv. 
i ctscan Begonia Society, Glendale Branch,, 
Ill. 


Los Angeles Branch, IV.95 
Pasadena Branch, IV.47, a 
San Gabriel Branch, III. 
_ American Genetic Tica IV.5 
| American Society of Plant Prensa V.70 


e. One dev Beas from page listing is Vol. II, issue #2, a 
c and ers listing indicates a major reference. Bold type figure (5) 
_ indicates illustration. Grateful acknowledgment is made to Joseph Schneider for assistance in indexing 


plant genera and species. 


mence with the calendar year, publication dates on the 1st of Jan., Apr., 
mer, and Aut 


tumn issues. Pagination is con- 


> 


folded 


Andean species of tuberous begonias, V.27,28 
an National Forest, and U.S. Forest Service, 


eas planting, IV 
a ast ise aed Mecting California Abore- 
undatio 


6 
r. H. E., Englewood, New Jersey, 


Apache Plume, I 

Arabia, Maskat, rk nagatgates La - 1 

Arabian horses, on Kello IV 

; illustrated Tecture, gi Dewey 
oe) 3: 11.65 


“Arboretum ; The 
Nelson and ae co igre ase 
“Arboretum W. Dan arama 1.6 


ehol? eibert, V.22 


“Aristocrats of the Trees”, E. H. Wilson (ref. 
on 

Arizona ’Cypres SS, aria wae “ee IV.76 
rmour es ss Pasa den 

Arnold Arbor 
Meta caenenek sci IV.85 


y, building of, IV.54 


Art of Bocanical | Iluste ation, The”, Wilfred 
Blunt (review), III.80 
‘Asiatic Magnolias _ gg era G. H. John- 
stone, O.B.E., H. (review), V.96 
Asparagus, III.37 
er, J. Howa 


rd, V.7 
Association of Decanied Gardens and Arbore-. 
tums, V.70 
Astringents, from pomegranate roots, [.2 
“Australian Bushland, The’, James Ww. nate 
eo 
“Australian Counterpart of the ages Agave 
ea’, William Hertrich, IV.8 
s 


Australian ants (‘ ee Notes” 

“Australian Rain- vag Trees’, W. D. Francis 
ae III.8 

Australian Tea Tree, II. Ps 2 (chart) 


cnaliie tree ferns, V.8 


Au 
AUTHORS — of Lasca Leaves articles (titles ap- 
pearing in sequential order in body of index) 
Adams, Charles Gibbs 
Eucalyptus globulus, 1.18 


The Pomegranate, I.25 
Asper, J. Howard 
Book Reviews: sree IV.24; ‘History 


of the Rose’’, IV.7 


Au “aoa 
Ayres, Samuel 


Southern California: “The Paradise of Amer- 


Bie lle s on a Recent Horticultural Visit to 
South Atsca, III.76 
Chorisi oe iia in Southern California, V.51 
Barrows, 


er J. 
Thir a5 nee Madonal Shade Tree Conference 
V.54 


caine Richard 
e History and Parentage of Zinn 
“cal corrected title), IV. 78 O09 
Bent, 
Planning Pras and the Arboretum, 


pan jain 

"November Promise’’— Poem, III.6 
Betts 

Leo loved Fuchs, M.D., 
Block, M 


IV.39 
ar aurice, Restoration of ‘ “Lucky’”’ Bald- 
n Casino letter on, 1.32 
Bodger, “Hoe 


‘acoc edsman Looks at Pollination”, V.16 
baa ae Cora 
Hugh tee Plantsman, III.25 
Brown, Howard 
Cal-Poly: Practical oo to 
og we 


W. Qui 
eerily Te me eas den at Lasca, 
A Pol dae Form of Felicia et 
ed with Colchicine, 3 


Deve 
Bic ac pes of fe Daylily Test Garden 
unty 


t Los Angeles State and Cou 
Arboretun IV.68 
Butterfield H 
= California ‘Pepper Tree, 1.10 
sare 
yaw ee view: “Growing Cymbid ium 


hids and tne Flowers” 
Chanaler Philip Edw 
ardy Tropicals tor ‘the Sun, IV.16 
Pia nt fiolicenentis of sii V:5;35,67,77 
Cornell, Ralph D., ward E E. Tro sHler 
‘oints awk En a and Their Civic Value, IV.27 


, TT1.32 


akin, Susanna Bry 
Hattorical ' Baldinas of Rancho Santa Anita, 


Chain of Horticulture, 1.26 
The Homesite on Rancho Santa Anita, 
as 16,47 
ee h John T. Middlet 
Air + Pollution ie to ‘Ariruteasl Crops, 


Davis, ‘Mildred 

Perennials W7/] Grow in California, III.74 
Evans, Hugh 

I recall . 

To These we re Indebted, IT.4 
Everett, Percy 

B Sead eae ‘Native Plants of California, 


Flanner, ha ‘de 
ai “Period Flower 


rangement’ III.80 
Ford, ss 
To Make oe led More Beautiful, 1.17 


Authors—Continued 
Hanger, F.E.W., V.M.H., with A. Ravenscroft 
Air Layering Rewiaienke : Wisley 
Pier dne. ot 7 


Hertrich, 
Washin ngtonta vy ae 1.4 
Aloes, III.17 
Two os ng Yuccas from Mexico, IV.11 


Australian Counterpart fe the American 


an 
ae columna ris, V.87 
ook Review: ‘Asiatic Magnolias’, V.96 
aldemese 
eddy Bear and Eucalyptus, [V.42 
Hottes, 
tied Plant Sketches and Descrip- 
ions 
era, am texanum, III.4 
Lik rk sum petiolatum, Ill. “e 
ospermum sericeum, IV.21 
Ki oan pain , 1V.88 
Commonly Cultivated Species of Fuchsias, 
IV.36 


Huntsman-Trout, 


Edward | 
Landscape Architect | ina Tree ecabeg V.75 @ 


Kendrick, J. B. Jr., 
Air Pollution Sai to Agvindtand: Crop 


Knudsen, Mrs y M. 
Los Ang cles Moore fey IV.92 
Lenz, 
A ew Tiybrid Str aang oe Cover 
for Hi as Californi 
Levitt, Charles 
The ear International Flower Show 
1954, 


Lorenz, im 
Veitch’s Mes sery: Pioneer ni) mar of 
Tuberous Begonias, V.27,5 
McGah, as 
Weather bec a os Angeles State and 
County per nnbae IETS: U51> IV63 
V.64 
Martin, Louis B. 
Soil eds hee epi 11.34 
A Turf Under”, v.14 


Dew Research ae - Aceon, V.43 

ges Marcel Juh 
al — ‘Response to Fire, IV.65 
nk. Ss 

Cae sses 3 Oe Home Lawns, III.70 
Mathias, Mildr 
Forecast for the F 1.9 
a a oe Ga rden, III.37 
Notes 969 the Sietehuse (New Books), 


International Code of Nomenclature 
rik 20 


n Californ 
The Sausage Tree \ Kizelie Saat. 


Book Notes, TLS 4V.7 

with Donald P. Woolley 
George Groenewegen: -_— 3, 1876- 

February 6, 1955, V.6 


: 
7 
: 


ee 


Authors—Continued Authors—Continued 
eg a ne — Russell J. 
rick Jr., E. F. Darley os Angeles State and County Arboretum, 
Air Polotion eee to dens Crops, er 
Lasca Temperatures, I.20 


he ee Lux Arboretum Annex, II.3 
Ww H em, 1J.5 


hite Flowering hae California Plants 
fe email se, III.59 
Book Review 
New Wild Flo wer Books: 
“The Macmillan Wild Flower Book”, 
IV 


\o) 
=] 
1 
Qa, 
oO 
S 
. 
a of 
ao 
© 


- seems State “a ar Arboretum 
“Svenska ‘iaaee! V.96 
Arb 


“Wil beg Ae IV.96 bask - :: - ¥0 
seer: in the Haatington hase ; Par ban dutions: me, . ir ee to Us VG? 
M ae p A ee Tabebuias at the Arboretum m, V.66 
ae ook R eviews IV.2 
me auricle oo II1.43 of poche: 
Theor sie te de Bi a v.a7 Plant ake for Parking Lot Plantings : 
odes ntributh See ie Pr Angeles Civic Center Area, II.No. 
Contributio LH y tot act (entire issue) 
Classification of Cad Plans, V.88 anid Snes Bi Mae 
ene Reviews: IV.48; V.48,9 Ciarcee tor oan Lawns, III.70 
Nixon, Roy W. arr: Fran 
Date Puli in gna II.1 arly Days in - re Angeles Park 
Oppenheimer, H. T Menaemelk T 
Dr. Ep hraim Hereubend, IV.46 Berne! ee ae 
Padilla, Vict “Gro g Notes, 1.6,15,24; II.6; III.6,29, 
B ‘oneiase tee the Southern California 45, 61; Ph 44, 70,93; V.19,46,68,94 
pe rca: 
Garden, TV. Cold R ok ook 10 
Book Review: Sec gcaaeae A Cultural ui esistance of Subtropical Ornamentals, 
Handbook’, IV.24 Gardening with Woody na +f iy 
Qustlee W. Dan Alfred Carl Hotes: A Tribut 
ird Notes, 1.6,23; III.36,73; [V.22,45,83 ; Townsend, R 
15,45,60 South aie California Horticultural Institute 
Roberts, Alfred W Rep 
Tree Ferns in Southern California, V.85 Troller, gr ten E. (collaborating with 
Ravenscroft, - Bh sean Ralph D. Cornell) 
nd F anger, V.M.H. Points of hoger and Their Civic Value, IV.27 
Air spake sExperimenis at Wisley Tucker, Joh 
prior J eo Francesco "Freeh IV.2,3-8 
Rohivien Van Rensselaer, Maunsell 
Chain. Set Sele for Rancho Santa Anita, I.26 V son, Fan of Metasequoia, IV.84 
Roewekamp, Fred W. = ical Fialend and Arboretums of the 
*? ee ng our Horticultural Horizons, oe and Their Reconstruction, IV.30 
: : ; Cer oihes John 
Califor International Flower Show 1953, Sou rae California Horticultural Institute 
Sk ern California Horticultural Institute, Went, Frits 
1952-1953, III.62 Ann aa ‘Mribership Meeting: President's 
rs nen ip pt Flower Show in ia? 
wood, V.42 Comparison wos en the Flora Israel 
with Rechheld Oil Com mpany and Sout ier nia, III.5 
Ficus Planting in Downtown Los Angeles, The Euc sae in Australia, Vi " 
Wheeler, Louis Cutte 
Saunders, — * Plant Patents Explained 
ook Revie Woolley, Donald P. pate aaron with ) 
“Plants, boa, and Life’, Mildred E. Mathias) : 
“The Years in My Herb Garden", III.55 George ete Wa March 3, 1876- : 
Schneider, Joseph Feb. 6 
Bromelia balansae Mez, V.31 Wright, 
Schroeder, C. A. The ie hileiey 3 


Pollination of Some Subtropical Fruit Trees, Auto Club of Southern Ciiforais, 1910, IV.52 
utumn Chant’’—poem (Millay), III. . 
Persea Species in California, V.83 Avocado (Persea americana), common, V.83 


Avocado Industry of cgi aA California, V.62 
Avocado pol a ort IIl.4 

Avocado DS “" 

Avocados, Me 84 

Avocados. prosmpon k value of certain species, 


.83, 
Jee J. Awdry, I 
Ayres, Dr. Samuel B. Ie, —_— tree-planting, 


“Azalea Handbook, The” os hig Horticul- 
tural Society (pete "IV.7 


Baby Blue-eyes, III.44; 
Si ose Fuchsia (Fuchsia ‘baccillars), IV.38,39 
s ( ole 


Balfour, Professor, ‘Edinburgh Botanic Gardens, 


Balloon flower, IJI.75 
Bamboo, hardy perennial, IV.16 
Bamboos in Chinese gardens, IV.15 

Benbod in Italy, gah of, IV.3 

ese manner, IV.15 
‘68, 

ncroft’s ‘Pioneer one Ler EAT 
Bavaria, village 0 em 
Bay of Seba ee Vizcaino, Habits of Idria 

“Dike (Prosraria bein V.3,4 

"Beautying I India’, M. S. Randha 


weet " Nesbefaen:), ¥ 

Begonia hybrids _ gee listing) 

Begonias— Andean or tuberous ced species, 
WV: “ 


el Air specimen of Chorisia speciosa, V.19,50,51 
eae rias, 1V.86 
y, Mrs. Belle, Dir. oi Diego Zoo, IV.42 


Biblical Botany, Museum of, IV.46 
Bibliographies 
Air Pollution Damage to Crops, V.1 
sco Franceschi’s writings, IV. 7 


otes 
Sie Quattlebaum), III.3,73; 


N 
EN 
i 
oO. © 
oS 


5,6 
Bird-of-Paradise (Sirti reginae), III.37 
Blasto ee Was 
Bleeding Heart (Bicenia), 111.75 
Maurice, I[.32 
Bloodtrumpe (Phaedranthus buccinatorius), 


rt) 
Blue Beard- pone bce ge spectabilis), V.40 
Blue Dicks (Brodiaea), V 
— flowered Native Pees of California’, 
rcy C. Everett, V.38 
Pisces air-pollution damage to, V.8 
Blue grasses, III.72,73 


Blue Gum (Exc. globulus), 1.1 

a of Supervisors, Los An oe Goncly Pe 

Bock, Jerome aca te a ees V3 

Bodger Seed Company, IV. 

Bolivia Fuchsia (Facbsia holiviana), IV.36,37 
“Book Notes’, Mildred E. Mathias, IV.7 
“Book of the Geranium, The’, Joh 

(review), IV.1 


bigs: 


n E. Cross 


BOOKS: reviews and comme 

abetical seer ment ty author; titles 
appear sequentially ex) 

sae Gustav, “Dee aera Garten’, 

Pichia Horticultural Society, “The Azalea 

00 2 

a oe ae Soc 

“dg me d Company, 


ciety, cooperating with 
“Modern 
Anderson, “Fdear i. “Plants, Man, and Life’, 
burn: R. H., “The Trees of New South 
Wales, 
ha: Plants of the 
oe a Sule 
Avnberse. Leslie “Flower of the South- 
Mountains 
Pert Forster, 
Counties’, Ill, 53 
ae: oar W., “Australian Bushland, The’, 


nabs for the Milder 


Audas, . W., “Native Trees of Australia’, 

IV.7 

At M., “Flowers: their creative designs’, 
V. 

Berg, Johann, and oe seeupean ‘Freiland- 
Rhododendron”’, 

Blackburn, Benjam tod “Trees and Shrubs in 
Eastern orth America’, IV.18 

ge Art of Botanical 

TIL8 


Boutard “Plants Indoors’, [V.72 

Bowles, E MA eg {book of Chics and 
set ea EV, 

Boyle, Louis M., “Gro wing Cymbidium 


Orchids aa Other Flowers’, III.32 
; : 


— hitmen Administration, Cape Town, 
tected Wild Flowers of the Cape 
ene Patt 1, 
Chapple, Fred J., “The Heather Garden” : 
Collingwood, er H., “Knowing Your 
Tre 


Ciae E. i in. “Wayside Trees’, 


neg ts John E. “The Book of the Geranium,” 


ie Sustn Bryant, 


ture on ibute to Alice Eastwood, 1859- 
1953”, 

Davis, Ray ; “Flora of Idaho’ 

Dodge, Natt N., ‘Flowers of ts ae 
Deserts”, 32 


3 


“Flowering Trees a, Baki in| 


“The Perennial Adven-_ 


p 
1952, Part 2, 1953”, IV.72 — 


q 
7 


Books, reviews and comments—Continued 
merson, Arthur I., 
‘Our Trees—How to Know Them’’, IV.18 
Esau, Katherine, “ 9 
Fenley, John M., an 
2 s for Southern 
et 


ames 
Nevada’ 
ee Caan 


d 

Helen Wis othe Years in My Herb 
Garden”, Il. 55 

Francis, wW. D., “Australian Rain-Forest 


“Tllustrated Guide to Trees 
oe 


Haines, Jenni “De Gardeyne Boke: 
A Collection ei Quotations Instructive and 


“Camellia in the 
WoO 


Hoyt, Roland S., “Che Fs Lists of the Orna- 
m 
Hollies 
Hylander, Cisne | aid Ya Macmillan * ae 
Flower Bo et lssteations ae Edith 
s 


and H. Herre, 


VM. H., “Asiatic 
gnolias in Cultivation” i 96 


n zaret E., and H. F. Clark, 
Plants and Gardens’, Ill. a 
Journal hd South African Botany, Vol. 18, 
Parts Woody Plants . the 
Bocas “gfe ; 


“Indoor 


Kingdon-Ward, nica: i in 
Manipur’, IV.48 

Kraemer, J. Hugo, oe of the Western 
Pacific Region’, 

Lane Publishing Company, ‘Sunset Western 
Garden Bo sgt 

a Ab *Undertariting the 
Wea 7 A pare of ‘Knowing the 
Weat ~ : et 


rubs and Trees for 
I: 


neko: s Arbore- 
ums an oanial Gardens’, III.56 

as ad Garden and 
“Carnation in Color and 
. and 6. aaa “Das 
Chrysanthemum IV 

“Period Flower 


Dale yore Tropical 
on na catalogue Ill. 

i Bruce Led, “400 
Muenscher, Walter C., and Avie A. Rice, 

i , V.96 
rie oo i 
Patraw, Pauline “Flowers of the Southwest 
Mesas”’, IV.72 


Books, reviews and comments—Continued 
sie ic Bernard and Ha a “Flowering 
Tre : eg Cari bbean”’ 
Ran hi M.S; "Beautilying Tn’ 
ge se ‘Glad ‘and Ma ary Noble, * 
Vai 
on Gilbert oe 
South Africa’, III. 6 
ee P. M., “The Tropical Rain Forest’, 


ae 
ge 


“The Aloes of 


Ricke on Ws be Flowers of America”’ 
‘iieseaione by M ary Vaux Walcott and 
Dorothy Falcon), IV.96 

Royal Horticultural Society, 

agnoli IV. 
Royal Hacicaiviel Society Yearbooks: 
di 


“Camellias and 


e Daffodil and Tulip Year Book for 
1954”, 
eae Lily Year Book for eer he 48 
Fruit Year Book for 1V.48 


Se aoe N. iy The Cultivated as of 
Freesia” - 
wa a rd, “History of the Rose”, 


Vis tant), Tv. we oop d). 
an Clifton F., “A Flora of Santa Barbara’, 
Southern California Edison Company, “Trees’’, 
U. et D. Ac SS Bulletin 
54 “Orna single beta cd 
for the Souther Great Plain 
Paige — Subs aa 
the Sovihean Great P V.7 
No. 2055, 1953 tebe Hedges for 
the Southern Great Plains’, 


V7 
uccas nee the cae 
191953) 54 
“Flowering ioe 


ss tye Rosen”, IV.7 
Wright, John er Canbidion Hybrids chee 
Awards’ 
Botanical rine Paris, 1955, V.71 
“Botanical Gardens and Arboretums of the Past 
oo Reconstruction”, Frans Verdoorn, 


“Bot IV.42 
Gadbuk "colleian at the Arboretum 


(Arcadia), III.6 ae 
er ata : 16; 
Bradley, Joh Hodion es, IV.20,94 
Brandegee, S ; 


Braunton, Ernes 
Brazil, tae a Tabebuia umbellata, 


, Pasadena, IV.8 


Brehm, James R 
Joseph ‘Scieeides, 


“Bromelia balansa ae Mez’, 


*Bromeliads, IV.8 
“Bromeliads—A tuk sence ae 
Mulford B. Foster (review), I 
¥: ‘Bromeliads for the et Califor 
arden’, Victoria ae? 
Sau: Mrs. Ernest, IV. 


eet Mrs. Ernest A., Jr., 64 
pe "der Rosen”, Dietrich Wocssner (review), 


Bulb Society, I11.28,53 
oe y (Mag sia ‘anditon), II.No.2 (chart) 
Davy, cay 

Beak ve a (He oe menziesi 1), V.84 

Bus man’ s Poi son (Acokanthera venenata), 
II.N rt) 

Bushy Arctous (Aiton: acaulis, hybrid), 
II.No.2 

of i H. M., Calif. Agric. Extension 
Service, 1.3; IV. Pe 


Cactus and —— oo of America, Inc., 
111.53,54,79; V.3 
seh es Tree imelalenre leucadendron), 


No.2 (chart) 
Califounia pers Extension Service, I.3 
California Arboretum Foundation, = Annual 
eeting rer membe rship report 
1950-51, 
1951- 52. 
1952- ae 
of, I 


ae a 

i 64-69 
function 
Master Plan, 

~~ pr eaee Association, Palo Alto, 


ated Association of —— Ill 


California Division of Beaches and ena ‘yah t7 
California Fertilizer p Pasi non 
Cali ‘fornia Fuchsia § ae 
“California sei cy Flower Show 1953”, 
red W. wekamp, III.1 
“California coi ional pope Show, 1954, 
The”, Charles Levitt, ['V.41 


California nity er tig Flower baggie 


41012; t 

California Mock Orange (Pittosporum 
undul. ), II.No.2 
California native shrubs, II.10; III.77 


California National F. 
“California Pepper, The’ 


uchsia saan V.8 
x He M. id. 


California Plant ee III.43 ; IV.75,76; V.38 
California phacelias, I 
Califo me Redwoods et Australian eucalyptus, 


California State Experiment Stations: Tulare, and 
mona, 

California State Park System, 1.33 

or ea Wild Flowers ( pile Phacelia), 


California’s Constitution, I.2 
California Garden Clubs, "ag ote 2A, III.54 
California Historical Society, I 
California International ne oe History of, 
I 

Cali fornia, State Park Commission, hs 

anical Gardens 3 
z cClintock (review ae 
Callistemons and 7 leucas in So. re III.77 
Calimyrna Fig, III.4 


“Cal-Poly: Practical Contributions hg 
Horticulture’, Howard S. Brown, IV.89 
aes Collection at eaiceen Pha), 
sGanell as and iar Royal Horticultural 

Society (review 
“Camellias in the Sout aa eae | Ae 
William Hertrich (review), V.2 

a pe 


Isla 83 
an dy Fuchsia (Fuchsia hipaa WV. 36,37 
Cape Chestnut III.3 
Cape i Vind capensis) 
II.No.2 (char 
Cape i Sai Calif., strawberry growing area, 


Cape plants ri oy 
a Il. 
Caps thes Bailey treatment of athe V.91 
Capulin ry (Prunus qe 
Carex, pene Studie s b H. Baie, V.89 
Carex H. Bailey ace of, V 
"Carnations in Color ey Saleen”. ; 

Mansfield, I'V.1 

Carpenes Dr. ag Bs pathologist 
IL.5 


iv : 
and Hol | 
Catalin sae oe roped ‘iL No. 2 (chart), 


isavie Mesa, —" Ping hepa, Idria 
umnaris on, 

Ceiba 1:190-192. a (a as i 15fn 

Celery, air- pollution damage 


Ch. boii France, IV 


n of Sondian’ 7; oe Bryant Dakin, 


36 
“Chain of wheat a sa for ss Santa Anita”, 


Gae of Commerc, Le Angeles, Calif., 1.18 
Chandler, Harry, I.2 : 
Chaney, Dr. Ra vel W,, paleobotanist, IV.84,85 

ye sala flora 

Chapm ny ee Mee eae ee £27 


alif. 
Co:, nurse << 895), IV.80 
whie Ids Fecaecee TV.75 
eel ree oO 
* lasvie vie 


Subtropical Region 
ual of ‘the New Zealand 


Cheeseman, igh "Man 
Flora’ 

Cheese Weed, -pollution damage to, V.8,10 

Pi ee 39,40(drawing) 

Cherim fa polination, III.3 

Chi ., habitat of Cryptocereus 

ant. cape, 39 

Chick Weed, air-pollution damage to, V.8 

“Chilean flame tree” (Embothrium conan 
III.77 

“Chili” from Cuzco, V. 

China, “Dawn Re - ood” discovery in, 

Chinese and Japane © Garden ns, IV.33 

Chinnini (Persea pare na), V.82,83 

“Chorisia | Sa in sane te California” 

Samuel Ayr 

Chr. Lorenz, Betas Germany, IV.80 


IV.84 


. 


~~ 


eS Ng hy ry 


a, 


ee OR TI lS, «ey 


Chronica Botanica, 10, plate 32, Ziirich Garden, 


Chupe, Peru, nee na abe ig in, V.28 
n California, 1.4 
s 0 Fire", Louis B. 

Martin wor ieee Hrs Juke 


Citrus pallinseos. 111.39 
itrus, Ventura Co., ca. 1903, IV.76 
City at Night’, LA program, Th, 
Civil War, The. drought Lach 
Clamshell Canyon, Monr a, Cali, ere IV.65 
Clarkia, ny um ma eae 
Clay, Hora e, Ornamental Tg On V.71 


oie IT.3 
— Valley, ee date ea in 12 
Oast 
“— Resistance of See Ornamentals’, 
ernon T. Stoutemyer, II. 
Colonial ‘Oakes of America, National Society of, 


elelelelerele) 
SSS 5 
° 


Colon ial Gardens, Williamsburg, Va., IV.34 
ega, V.3 


“Comentarios Reales’, Garcilaso de oS 
“Comparison fet n the Flora of Israel and 
Southern Califor pole we sien AT 52 
Compositae, South Abc 
Concour des Rose sivmano om ena Gardens, 
Par 


25 
Concours International des Roses, Geneva, 
Switzerland, I 
Conifers, Alpes Maritimes, and Australian 
eucalyptus, V.80 


H. Bailey to the Classifica- 
tion ag Cultivated Plants, The’, Philip 
Mun 

Coolidge Nursery, and George Groenewegen, 


Coral Tree (Erythrina), 111.77 
Corbitt, AEN 1.26,27 
Cordus, ha s, IV.39 


none: Spr gs, Gwe Bernardino County, northern 
habitat of Wasbingtonta filifera, 1.4 

Pn Ralph, 
Cor nell, University, poe L. H. Bailey, V.88,90 
rprenett Craft’’, oo and Mary Noble 

comment), IV 
Cotlyedons, III 37 

ountry Diary, A’, I 
County g sie ital improvement work (See 

as Repor it 


5 e” notes, $,2,11,.20;232 Ui to; 
III. 36, 79; IV.23,43,64 94; V. 15; 34, 33; 95 
Coy © (Persea gies ), V.83 
Cramales 
Crimson Botiebrsh (Callistemon lanceolatus), 
II.No.2 (chart) 
“Cross-Breeding and Hybridizing’’, L. H. Bailey, 
quote (ref. only), V.89 


Crown City Coronettes, IV.64 
Cacia North American species,, L. H. Bailey 


90 
Penick ” domesticat ed, V.91 
Cudweed i III.69 

Guar term for domesticated plants, V.91 
lee ye pe eccgeent, ey 

(ref. o VEST 
‘Cum Specie es of Freesia, The’, 

ennels panels IV.72 

“Cultivation of Metas equoia 


L. H. Baile 


16 nth lso), IV. an 
6665, Is "(Doryanthe palmeri),1 
7197,189 vfs itera | amsinlis), IV.87 
pres rien (Chee 40 
Cutak, Ladislaus, sor Ae its 
uzco, Peru, begonia discoveries in, V.28 
ee Hybrids and Awards’, 
n C, Wright (review), V.72 
‘emt dine Society, I 


D 
“Daffodil and Tulip Year Book for 4, The”, 
Royal Horticultural ae (resi), 1V.48 
Dakin, Mrs. Ri a td ¥ 
Dalton, Henry, I. 
Darrow, Dr. George M., U.S. Dept. of Agric., 


“Das ee M. a aa and 
G. 


iphie rs 
nia”, Roy W. Nixon, II.1 
merican Revolution 


4 
Davis, Calif., in Sacramento Valley, II.1 
Davis, Mildred, garden consultant and 


Dav vis, William Heath, 13,27 

Dawn ee (Metasequoia iaieuee. 
III.7 

Daylilies y 20; aL No.2 (chart) ; TI.75 

Daylily breeders, IV 

Daylily Collection at Arboretum (Arcadia), 


"Daylily Test Garden at Lasca’”, W. Quinn Buck, 


a paere tie 
“De Ga 
seit We and Seasiisen ry Lee 


n 
Deglet Néck Date Industry 
De eae stir pium pire insignes 
(Fuc 
“Jee sae toe 
comment 
Descanso Gardens "Le Cafiada, Calif., 1V.47,95 
wer sess (Baileys mnltiradiat ata), 


Gustav Allinger 


a n, ‘Heootitias on Gardens 


éuen oa 
1931 ( Doryanthes panes :; 


Desert Magazine, 


I 
De Vries, letter to L. H. Bailey, V.89 


“Dew Research at - atasieia : 
ouis artin 
Dew research, first eee stations in U.S., 


Dew Research Station, Karkur, Israel, II.31 
Dianthus, herbarium material, V8 89 
26,27 


Dibblee, it : 
Dickinson, Emily, “ Robin’, poem, IV.17 
Diggers’ Garden — Pasadens. Calif., 1.33 


Cl 
Diurnal temperature differential in plant 
development, iy 
Dombeyas, — 
Joh 


Dominy, a tebadieer, V 
Dofia Picea Indian wife a Hugo Reid, 1.3,30; 
III.47,48 (see also Hugo 


Reid, ae ‘refs -) 
62 


Douglas, John Francis—In Memory, III.8,79 
Downing, Miss Fern re ae Society ), Tv. 4 
“Dr. Ephraim Hareubeni’’, H. R. Oppenheimer, 


“Dr. Liberty Hyde Bailey’, ny A. Munz, V.47 
Drought tolerance of cistus, [V.6 
Drury, Newton, Chief of California’ s Division of 
Beaches and Parks, I.3 
hesne, monographer of Fragraria chiloensis, 
V4 


Dune Primrose ig era eg Ls 59 
Durbin, Maud (Mrs. O os 
Dutch School, fated hn des 

evani, Director, Dee goad Sta., 

a ig III.31 

ae i Dew- Gauge, The’, R. J. Seibert, 
‘uae oale. air-pollution ora to, V.8 
Dye, red, from pomegranate, 1.25 


“Early sg in the Los Angee Park Depart- 
ment’, Frank Sheare 
Eastwood, ge IV.6, 33 
offshoots from, II.1,2 
ihe 


r 
Calif., date industry, b.2 

ere e to, V.10 
34 


a1 Oh, PI, Sec, USDA, 
Beltsville, Md., IV.69 
., pioneer strawberry breeder, V.3 
Eucalyptus eeligee 4 
ore globulus”, Charles Gibbs Adams, 


et hiak in Australia, The’, F. W. Went, 
Euphorbias, 1 ae 
s, Hugh, I.1 


Plane Introductions, 1924- 1945, III.26 
van es scape HE26: JV.77 
Everglades peg HiT t,72,73 
“Expanding Our icsiatucat Horizons’, 
Fred W. Tyseley HI.1 
sg Park, garden of California natives in, 
72 


Expositions, San Diego and San Francisco 
(1915); IV.75 


F 
Fairchild, David, IV.4; V.62 
= Ise Dragonhead Ph itsaey: III.75 
A., “How to Grow Begonias’, 
were pit bere 
Father eae (1789), V.3 
sai beer cn ay Paz: 


Fawcett, V.6 

Fenzi, Dr. E uele Orazio (Dr. oneal 
Fran an. V3 

Fenzi family, 1V.3 


erm Podocarpus (Podocarpus elongatus), 
.No. 2 (chart) 

*Ferns, II.10; V.85* 

“Ferns for Garden oe Greenhouse’, 
A. J. Macself, [V.1 

Feverfew (Mavcaria), E75 

“Ficus Plan ane in Downtown Los Angeles”, 
Fred W weka — Ne 


Fig: Ada, Brown ne Calimyrna, 
Kadot 


bax seal of, III.40, 

Fire resistance of cistus, IV 

Firethorn ebeegicah eee II.No.2 (chart) 

Fivespot (N ila maculata), I11.44 

Flame Fuc es 1 (Pach ins a IV.36,37 

Flintridge beginnin on 

“Flora of Idaho’ a bee avis (review), 1V.72 
Flora of Seni Barbra, A’, Clifton F. Smith 
(com Vere 

wie tac Tah, eh onationa Agricultural 


Exposition at, 
Florist ny Pumplosuaitit (Zinnia ref.), 


Flowering Ash (Fraxinus ornus), U1.77 
fee ee Plants from Cuban Gardens 
Woman's Club of Havana (review), I 
“Flowering Plants of 98 Anglo- pal eae 
The’ (comment), IV 
“Flowering Tree and Shrubs i . India”, 
V. Cowan (review), I 
“Flowering eee of the Car riba 
and Harriet Pertchik Soave 
"Flowering ilar Trees—1953 
Edwin A. Menninger aa 1.80 
finer Shane. Saseneton classes es amateurs, 


aes 


“Blowers of the Southwest Deserts”, 


uthwest Mountains’, 
Leslie P. Arnberger ae: IV.72 
“Flowers: Sv creative designs’, M. Benz 
(comm 

Ford, qake youn IV.64 : 
“Forecast for the Future’, Mildred E. Mathias, 
“Formosa the nial (Nat'l. Geog. Mag., 
Mar. 1920), I oe 
Fouquieriaceae, V 

ise Plants of South Florida’, Julia F. Morton, 


. Bruc din os iew), IV.2 
“Francesco Paes i’, John M. Tucker 
(reprint), IV.2,3- 8 


Freesia, 11.8; 111.37 
a Rhododend *, Johann Berg, and 
Kriissmann pene IV.7 


BE a lin, et 


Ll A TT i ey RR TR TT VV, iy SR Sy ————_—_—_ 


French School, landscape design, I 
Frezier, introduction of Fragraria ok by, 


Frosty ag (Acacia pA we - an 2 (chart) 
ruit Year Book for 4, The’, 
Morieuinued Gece a, Vv 

Fuchs, Leonhard, te ee (0) 


ha 
Fuchsias, 11 com ante oe chal species 
(10 illus.), 1V.36- 
Fillmaurer, Heinrich, 16th cent. draughtsman. 


Furcraeas, IV.86 


G 
Garden, The (1895), zinnia herrea e in, IV.8 
sa Club of America, The, Medal of laa 
William Hertrich, V.30 92 
“Garden of eee wers, The’, L. H. Bailey 
fe 


nl 
“Garden rd Gourd, The’, L. H. Bailey 
(ref. only), V 


“Garden of Larkspurs, The’, L. H. Bailey 


only), V.9 
“Garden of Pinks, The’, L. H. Bailey 
_ (ref. only), V. 


_ 


, 1V.46 
“Garden s of Hawaii’, Marie Neal, V 
a 


er, an ars n A. Rice (revi 
Bab i Chronicle—1860 (Zinniaref.),1V.80; 
NS 1.18 a Jel figs.44,45 (Doryanthes 
Palen V. 
isis ieditors, IV.4 
= dening With Woody Plants”, 
outer myer, IV 
Cae flora—18 862, 7, 74, 86, 87 
pine refs.), Iv 
Genealogy of Zinnia pee ira IV.79-83 


GENERA and SPECIE 
Abeliophyllum, air-layering experiments with, 


Abies marviesti, 1V.93 

Abroma augusta, 1V.93 

Abutilon i and IV.93 
9 


I, V.93 
x Abutilon cain He, IV.93 
Acacia acinacea 44% 
53: 


aroma 
baileyana, 1 15; II.No.2 (chart) 
bonariensis, IV. 3 

ya ys stacy IV.93 


ee 23 
cleo 93 
rdiophylla, Vv. 44,45* 
path enia, IV. 93 
crassiuscula, IV.93 
cultrifomis, 1V.93 


Genera and species—Continued 
Acacia 
ys a IV.93 

Bikes 


peteroclita, 1V.93 


: 

é 

gn rs 
aretha, IV. 93 
het 

bomalophylla, IV.93 


DO wittil, 
jleapbyiie Ww. bg 


93 

latolia IV.9 
linearis, IV. res *93 
longifolia, IV.93 

melanoxylon, se 932 N.79) 
eh ale. IV.9 
obliqu = a V3 IVs 
obtusa 
pennin 93 
podalyiefli, TI.No. 2(chart),10; IV.5,93 
praviss 
pruinosa, ie No —— 
pulche lla, IV 
pycnantha, Il. Ris 2(chart) 
raddiana, 1V.93 


scorpio oides, 


sate, aL No gu Fone III.8* ; 1V.45 
Acant ei ag strobilacea, I 94 
Acer dat snag er 
negun 
Achillaea haa 3 75 
Acidanthera murielae, 
Acokanthera probiaest II.No. 2(chart) ,12; 


venenata, II.No.2 (chart) ; II.37 
Aconitum, herbarium material, V.89 
94 


Adenium boehmianum, rv. 94 


Genera and species—Continued 
Adenocarpus W mnkoerns IV.94 
Adiantum altadena, 11.10 

gracillimum, I. hy 
, grandiceps, II. 10 

i, 1V.94 

< chmea anise IV.9 
calyculata, 1V.10 

udata varie gata, 1V.9 
coelistis, 1V.10 


Agapanthus dal IV.94 
orientalis, 
v.94 
ellatus var. mooreanus, 1V.94 
weillighii, IV.94 
—s australis, V.80 


Agati peasese sa IV.94 
Agave sp.,I 
americana glauca, IVid7 
Striata, 1V.94 


ae, 1V.94 
ia odorata, 1V.5 
onis flexuosa, 11.13; 1V.94 
Ailanthus altissima, f 2(chart) 
m Bewley! 
Alberta m oe 
Albizzia ‘abbrissin var. rosea, 1V.94 
lebbeko oa el 94 
poe 94 
ectr msubcinerenm IV.94 
Alenrtes Fg TV.5 
trilo V 94 
se fatovum, IV.94 


.20,2 
andringitrensis, 1V.9 
ocho Ling 17,19,22,23; IV.94 
aristat 
cece Il. “ TIL. ws 
bar bertoniae, III.2 


candelabr om, 1H23; IV.94 


ca, III.21 
obuli igemma,1V.94 
andrea If.21 


Genera and species—Continued 


NR 
e 


Alstonia scholaris (of trade), II.13 
Alstroemeria violacea 
Althea armeniaca, IV.94 
nnabina, IV. 
hohenackeri, 1V.94 
hragujeva “censis, 1V.94 
ae 1V.94 
taurinensis 
Alyxia dapbnoides, I V.94 
Anchusa italica (azurea), I1.75 
as 


Paice a flavida, V. a 
umilis, 
manglesii, V. 95 


Genera and species—Continued 
Anona cherimola 


Psi jolie W. a7 
chinensi 
iain: oe « (eybsids) “ ae 2(chart) 
astr, 


eas 10. TV 16 
Arise capitate, 
um bulbosum, i 16 


.No.2 (chart) 
se 26 pig npr Iphonse | ee IV.16 
multiplex ‘Chinese Goddess 16 
Baws (merged i Begonia), 4 be 

5, V.68 


Begon -29; 56-60 
Begonia Afro V. - 28,29,59,60 
— ha, V. 
mabaring V.27,29,59,60 
dake. V 
davisii. V. 27; 28, 56,59 
V.58,59 


insignis (incar nata) 
natalensis, 
pearcei, V.27,28, 58,59,60 
rosaeflora, V.27,28,56,59,60 
sedenii, 
socotrana, y. - 57,58,59 
tuberhybrida, V.59 
veitchit, V. 2, 28,29,59,6 
Begonia Gloire de atid hybrid, V.58,59 
Begonia hybrids: 
xA \cme, we is 59,60 


x Autumn Rose, 
x obebhcnd ue ms 9%. 6 
xE 


x ‘an 

x Excelsior, v, 29,56,59,60 
x Ide es 

x intermedia V 9,59,60 
x John Heal, V. “ 58,60 
x Tolius, 


x Kallista, V2 29,59,6' 
x Mis s Con stance Veith, V.56,59 
x Model, V.26,29, 


Genera and species—C ontinued 


Begonia s 
x Monarch, V.29,56,59,60 
x Moonlight, V.58 


x Mrs. Arthur oon V.56,59 


x Mrs. Hea 


via, V.58 
be Mans V.29,5 


ae Winter Cheer, 


S28 
ue 
bay 

~ 


m occidentale y 10 
Horcane bases s, IV 
Ppa nt Hs specious it. aa 
Bou villea ‘Orange King 
Badtaiagiivn ‘San ao on ‘iL No. 2(chart) 
eddie ri 11S TIE7 
varieties 
Niesaeiee chats 
Brachychiton ee IL 13; HL77 
eee 11.13 
Brodiaea 
et i V.40 
itata, V.4 
coronaria, V.40 


eBromele halansu Mes ( Aes page, Vol.V, 
0.2), 1V 9: V.31 
Br aeelie niti ida, ince 


inae eauiatera Il. 12; I11.26,77 
twee E. 

Calli vtemon citrinus, 
lanceolatus, II. No. Laan 
salignu ere 16 

speciotwh, _ Pes 2 (chart) 


aides 11.13,14; I1I.37,76 


a, 111.60,77 
pesca eet TIL 37,40 


Genera and species—Continued 

Casimiroa edulis, 1V.4 

Cassia splendida, I1.12 
astanospermum australe, 11.13 


V 
AD TT 
5 cyaneus, ley ot IV.76 


a, 11.8 
Ceratstigma poosageih nate i: 23; 
II.No. Z rae 


Coropesia 1.38 

Cestrum elegans If12 

nocturn 2 

tenostom ’ grandiflorum, i a 
maelaucium uncinatum, 

ama i pri II.No. renee IV.16 


a a ie 
iranthode iy feesamaec gat ay: 16 
I0V1 SIA speciosa, 
orizema varium ‘i 7 
santhemum maximum ‘Marconi’, 
II.No.2( chart) 
Cibotium epee 11.10 
schiedei, 


sigan 


= 
“ 
= 
= 


steyayereyayesys 


Cin camphora, 1V.7; 43 
rss cpcenersy PETS di3/ 
hypoglauca, W111 

V 65 


canesce 
crispus, "TL. ry Tae 1V.64,65 
sa tg 

r.acutifolins, IV .64,65 
laters 65 


Clytostoma an lis II.No.2 (chart) ; 
II.11 

Cobaea, 1V.76 

Coccolus laurifolius, 11.12 


Cocos plumosa, 11.10 
Coleonema s album, 11.12 


pulc 
Convolonlus fora, 7. 
Coben : 


Cotdyline aepurpaes IV.16 
australis 


Crinodendron dependens, 11.13 

Crotalaria nections II.12 

Cryptocereus recat? (cover page, Vol.V. 
No.4,in color), V 


Genera and species—Continu 


Cupressus arizonica. XI. Bes 2 chart) 
forbesiz, introd. of, IV 
n 


cuta mono ; iar 
Cyathea dealbata, V.85 
medullar. 


fortunei, 
Dais cotinifolia, III.26,37 
Datura stramonium, 1. 26 
Davallia canariensis, II.10 
_ fejeensis, 11.10 
PGS: 


Delonte regia, 11.76 

Dendromecon rigida, 11.77 

Dianthus barbatus, U1.75 

Dicentra Sip, 

Dicksonia antarctica, V.85 
fibrosa, V. ae 


SQuUarrosa, 
Digitalis embigne oe 75, 
Dianella s 
Diosma, nid 37 
imorphotheca, IL.8 gree 
Dioclea glycinoides, 1V.5 
5 kaki, pollination ig IIT.41 
lotus palinatos of, I 


2 (char 
Dodonaea tgs purpurea, II. ee 2(chart) ; 
II1.6 


Dombeya degen III.6* ; IV.18 


per 
eign ed palmer ‘“ ee 86,87* 
un guis 


Drynaria 
gid ie gree, II.10 

hirtipes 
Duchesnea aot V.4 
Duranta ienasaehyi 18 Oh 
Dyckia brevifolia 

rari 

remoti flora LIV. 8 
Dycksonia piel 1I.10,11 

yr osa, 11.10,11 
Echeveria metallica, V 
Ehretia npn III 
Elaeagnus — ¥, 41. No. 2 (char 
Embothriu Sips senigoese 
Eguivctum hiamale, IV. 
Eranthemum nervosum, 11.12 
Erica sg III.37 
Erigeron n ka head baieg II.75 
Eriobotrya japon Vi 
Erythea edulis, iL No 2(chart) ; 1V.16 
leone caffra, 1.77 

tiana, “tL 14: TE 77 


ae 


576, 
Bicallouis rnauensis, b .No.2 (chart) 


Genera and aero a 


ee 'yptus caesia, III. 
iene le wi 5, 1. 153 Th. No.2 (chart) 


cin fA 
cote. 15: = No.2 (chart ),10,14 
cladoc mage 
corn 
ibe cite He x, IL. 10 
crucis, II.No. fs eaaley 


eremophila, 
oe ile? 

feces beans: Lael 
fastigia 

fol, ‘ 0, oh III.76 
forrest a 

gigante 


slobalus (cove page, Vol.I,No.3), 
TV.23:76: Vi78;79 


cpa. IV. 42 

regnans, V.78 

rhodantha, its 

rostrata, 1.15; 1 

ag ko lon A ali 
.No.2 (char _ 


0.2 iene tp IV. 42 


pa lb Beas 
s, IV, 42: V.78,79 


paniculata australis, 11.13,14 
Euphorbia ev galt Ha INT 
tirucalli, 
Euryops eae I].12 


macropbyll 
nitida, I. No. 2(chart) ey 14; IV.6 
as mila, II.No.2(ch 


aan chiloensis, III. (cover page, Vol.III, 
No.4) ,59,79; V.3* 


— s 
orescens n Coringaeor), IV.39 
ha illaris, TV .38, 
—— IV. ap 
ea, 1V.36, 
co anes AS v. a 37 


Genera and species—Continued 


a) 
gi a (magellanica) 
nica binctassnare 1LV..36;37 


ergii’, HI 
Gasania r(xcl Hybrids), II.No.2 (chart) ; 


eae Bosc sempervirens, 11.12 
Genista en 56 


Gilia fe briny, os 38 
capitata, V.38 
candi. var. floribunda, 
Gish ides ates page, Mil ( No.1), 
.2(chart) 


viegata, 1.4 
Gnapha nik lato, III.69 
Goodia lotifoli 
*Grevillea, 111.45 : gee 
anksit, 11.12 


38 
Hardenber ye comptoniana, 11.1 
um caffrum, I. 13, ip 111.37; 1V.6 
14 


dera canariensis. MI 
j fap iano II.8 ; III.69 


Hemerocallis, i 20; II.No.2(chart) ; HI.75 
aurantiaca, V.69 
aurantiaca major, 1V.69 
69 


lava, 1V.6 
he ye es 
fulva, 

middendori IV.69 


ates ; Wwe 
Hemitel hit. 
Hibbe a volubilis, 1 


Hidal goa Ae chleii, 1V.6 
Holmskio ssaneaines, 11.12 

Hu SURAT 

Hypericum Tacos iiss III.37 
Hypocaly pis sophoroides, III.77 
*Idria columna 

Ipomea aurea var. superba, 111.26 


Genera and species—Continued 
Iris douglasiana, V.4O 
innominata, V.40 

unzil, V.40 
Jacarandua acutifolia, 11.13,14 
Jasminum sambac, 1.10 


neotropica pee page, Vol.II.No.3), II.15* 
nigra, 
Kennedya nigricans, IV.70 


vanilla, H1.7 
Seana oa 1I.13,14 
unzea seri 
Lagerstroemia dion III.76 
Lagunaria ga et 11.13 
Lantana camara, I1.1 
po peice ana, : Mo, atch art) 
Leguminosae (So uth pene, 
sling pelea TE: oa pian: 12 
Pei parin 
ae ee ‘nposaieti 1h 73037, 7651V..7 
:peaeerantael texanum, III.48 


muirii, 11.77 
nuta ea as 
E eiser a 


Linaria : III.74 
Linum oa ny je 

Lippia repens, 1V.6 

Lithraea Giles, IV.6 

Lobelia, II 


sore bildebrandiana II.11 
itida, 


Prone sentinies 11.10 


mollissifolius, ‘VAL 
nanus, 
payneii, IV. V.41 
succulentus, V.39 
Lygodium ionic II. oy 
Lyonotham oribun 
var. asplenifolius, UL isi: IV.4,6 
Magnolia exoniensis, 
grandiflora, I1.No. Seda: TV.7,17 
macro phyla (cover page, VoLIV.No. 4), 


Maho aay air-layering experiments with, [V.57 
re wer inte mollis, 1V.A7 
Markham bildebrandtii, 11.13 
Prien 
odd s oy IV.1 
Medicago pe alte I. * 


Genera and species—Continued 
Melaleuca spp.,I 
cordata, IV. 
leuca dendron, II.No.2 (chart) ,14 
styphelioides, 1.No.2(chart) 
wilsoni, 1V.7 
Melia azedarach (eden aaa 


2(c ae 

OE rere Ill. 37 

ryant emum, ns 4 HES 7 
Metasequoia gl yptostroboides (Dawn 

Be ood), III.78; I1V.69,84* 

Metrosidero os tomentosa, P13; TV.6 
Foie orb Stipoides, vl 
Microlepia ong tea IL.11 


Mimu jaye 
* Miscanthus finely V.68 
Moraea, a if 5 EVE? 


ulat. 

Mu ss ae iets 
Murraya lenges ni aera IL 12 
* Musa ense 68,69 
M paecwnes pe ne IV.6 

5 tin 

tomentosum, 11.6 
Myrsina africana, I. £2 


landina 


4,1V.16 
N rs near genus to Persea, V.84 
Nem III.37 
Nemophil, se Fy 44 
culat 


V.10 


gir rsa: att 
Nephrodium phe 11.11 
molle 
Nerium ‘oleander, II.No.2 (chart) 
we 


Olivia, 111.37 
yas ki iris, III.5 
Onychium ja ponicu 
Opu ia (spineless forms), II.No.2 (chart) 
oa pal chella 
Pandor W Pandorana, II.No.2(chart),11 
asmino oid 
Pieidy, dinlayedi ring So eagey ae with, IV.57 
Parkinsonia aculeata, I1.No.2 (chart) 
Pellaea adinatoides (viridis), If.11 
Penstemon azureus, 
heterophyllus, 111.75 een: v.40 
oe — i, 
Spectabilis, 


Persea americana oh aes IV.7; V.83 
borbonia 
donnell- : iibhi V.84 


, V.84 
acti ssima A ceased, 1V7 
indica 


PES ROL ieee Te ORE OT nt oe Pee PE SUR Te ee ee ee 


nae a pone 
SSE. 21 SE ete ot Wee Fart any ee eae ee 


J ee 2 el eS 


Genera and species—Continued 


ersea 

longipes, V. fe 
nubigena, V.82,84 

ichiedeaa, Vi = 83 


skut .84 
Phacclia pe 3 4S 
cates 11.42 43; V.39 
1.43 


or) 
Pigpaae se aie pasha an No.2 (chart) ,11 
Philadel phus mexicanu 
Phoenix spp. I 
canariensis, IV.17 
mate Gis? (cover Page, Vol.II.No.1), 


eo iL a IL. 4721.15 


rupicola toe lo 
I.No. aerate IV.16 
Peseta seolopendrin 
is, Parag oR uk V. 89 
Physostegia ii 


Pisbecocteninm a IV.6 
murica 
Pitosporum gs ropbyllum, IV.6 
bifolium, 11.13; 1V.16 
ire II.No.2 (ch ay 
cule hi II.No. atchant. 13,14 
viridifloru 
plore? aifornica (racemosa) 
a (cover pa. ae Cane OL); 23 
pe erases alciocorne, I1.1 
rande, Il. 
Platycodon grandiflora, HI.75 
oe ae “ — 7, 111.37 
Plumbag 
cape eeu 
Po docarpus elongata, II.No.2 (chart) ; H1.37 
gracilior, 11.13; 11.37 
macrophylla, 3 
Podalyria calyptrata, Il. fe va 
Podranea aren jana, III. 
eae, 
Polyg ala dalmaitons 11.12 
137 


Pol Ag so aureum, 
coronans rpm heracalenm), II.11 
i 


a um, 11.10 
Polystichum mae II.11 
I. 
nse Mt 
Poseaniiles spp., II. - 


Genera and species—C eat 


goles SPP if 
var. ind. Il 
Heated i Eaahy ( Proteaceae, III.45,77 
Protea spp.,II.6,7 
Protea compacta, tir ced 


susannae, III.7 
Prunus capuli,1 

lyoni, I1.No.2 (chart) 
Pseudosasa ia IV.16 
Psidium ge 
Pteris anh 

cretica V pages eas. IE11 


parkerit, I 
guadriaurit ohio’ II.10 
tremu. 
Punica ‘granainm (cover page, Vol.I,No.4), 


Puya situa is, 1V.8 
_ rteroniana, I 
cantha 2 various spp.), II.No.2 (chart) 
FD 


sa aSp., 
uwol fia Cilsoni scolaris of trade), 11.13 
E75 


’ cot 
I earn minima, 1V.6 
a coultert, III. AA 77 
Rondeletia cordata, if, 
tosa ‘Mer ii 7 No. > ichnts 


ae 


columbaria, 
ay molle fotives page, Vol.I,No.2), I.10* ; 


cbinsbifolas - 13:IV.6 
Schotia latifolia 
colo pendrium iulare, II.11 


Se III.26 
Sano} 
gid ea II. ne 2(chart) 
tamoides, 
Sequoia isa, IV.84 
Serruria florida, 111.37 
— a, I 


|r fp 
em guttata, 11.11 
Pron guatemalense, IV.6 
ja sina Oe pies .2(chatt), 11 
macranthum 
rontonnetti, 
— heterophylla, Il 
ode i CE I. 14 


111.37 
Spartium junceum, II.No. 2(chart) 


Genera and species—Continued 
Statice perezii ( sbi oru ee 
-No.2 (chart) ; II 
Stenocarpus pe camp i. a 111.77; 1V.17 
rane disco 


Stigmap ait pt ale II.11 
litto ral ys 

Stokes 

Sireltsa so III.37 


Susteertes jameso nii, 11.1 
Strophanthus speciosus, 1.1: 
Tabebuia a oy var. aun: V.66 


Tee maria reapers ‘I No.2 (chart),11; [1.37 
Thalictrum III.7 
hse reli HET 

per 


decan or 


abi speciosa, IV.6 
tip, 


Titotia. ipecios, introd. of, 1V.76 
Trachelosperm wher) minoides, Il.11 
tii kesievaa pratt: iflorum, 111.27 
Trachycarpus fortunei, Il. No. 2 (chart) ; [V.16 
Triens pidaria a depe rie ns, 1V.6 
Tristania pata yes erta 
Tri Wee (Kniphofa) ‘tL. 75 
Tritoni 
Turraea ob toile II. ag 
Tu diesel Parryi, 111.4 
Verbena peruviana, iv. 18 
Veronica ip aon 11.74 

III.7 


iio tis a ana IV.6 
ointera oer oe 
vomere 
Tt ile Ars 1.4*,5; 1V.43,76 
robusta, Il, No. art) 
Watvonia, IL.8 res 
4 cavacasana, 11.14 


ma enn is . hy 2(chart),12 
Yucca aloifolia 
ee, IV. “ “ “ae 
brevitoli 
piece II.No. 2(chart) 


— = species—Continued 


pie 
fil fee fairs), FV.:87 
recurvifoli 
ins + 
valida, 1V.11, 12, 13* 
whipplei of! 
spp., II.No. ) 
san ‘anal (and hybrids), ae 79-82 
ie ae nd hybrids) , 1V.78,79-8 


m9 .82,83 
* Zinnia se oy IV.79-83 
origin, line of inheritance to 1919, IV.82 
eens japonica, I11.70,71,72,73 ; he 14 
rella, I11.65,71, 72 Pe i tas" | 
Ge ies Herbarum, and L. H. bee V.90,91 
pepisshe Beh I Tae 


“George Groenewegen: March 3, 1876-February 
Id 


6, 1955", Mildred E. Mathias and Donald P. 


Woolle ey, 
German scientists (16th cent.) , IV.39 


ie — (Dodonea viscosa), 
Git Received ny Angeles State and County 


she m), I 

Gi sien Tree fe biloba), 1.2* 
Gigiisus ae 

Globe Gilias 
Glossy 
.No.2 
d Dust Wattle (Acacia acinacea), 1V.44 
i Gate Park, San Francisco, tree ace in, 


Fas Jubilee, Arcadia, Calif., I1I.79 
apes lego (Acacia 'pycnantha), 

No.2 
Fit bdrm Wwraitle (Acacia saligna), 
I.No.2 (chart) 
f courses, ha public in Los Angeles, IV.55 
Forestry, Palestine, III.31 

ee, 


ucca as elephantipes), 
cha 

Go 
= 


ea 
Go 


Eee 


Bs 
£ 


40 
e Lawns”, 


rt, “TL 70 
Grazan, horticulturist, Bagneres, France, IV.8 
Gre er, M , Regent, Santa Anita peck, 
aughters of the nc Revolution, IV. 64 
Greve, 3 


na zi ines, 
rimal, © ins Romains” 
asl oe orge, 


ive 


“Grow g Cy mbidium bench and Other 
rinwe Re ; toate Boyle (review), III.32 
‘Growing Notes’’ (George H. Spalding), 
1.7,15,24; 11.6; I11.6,30,45, ; 
TV 18,44,70,93: V.19,46,68,94 
Beare m (Erythea edulis), 
II. c om 
Guat shorty avocado species from, V.83,84 


H 


Haage and Schmidt, horticulturists, IV.80 
Haagen-Smit, air-pollutants discovered by, V.8 


Louis B. Martin, 


“adie aren ops humilis), W.No.2 (chart) 


Hairy Watt Acacia vestita), I1.No.2 (chart) 
Hall, Harvey Monr 
Sagi Crocus and oe AT 
E. A. Bowles (review), I 
‘Hardy Tropical for the ae, , Philip Edward 
Chandler 
Hareubeni, D Ephraim, lecturer, Biblical and 
aunt Botany Fel 
reu nes ioe 
Harrison, Cliff nih (aot) ow. 35 
Hartnell’s ation 
Harvest Brodiae y. ‘i 
Haselton, — Es V7 
Heal, Jo hn, M.H., hybridize 
Heart of wp (Bromelia baaiae), vV.9 
Heather age a”, Chapple, IV.18 
“a Bamboo a. a soe domestica), IV.16 


Hebrew bs niv | Mount Scopus, I[V.46 
Heinbronn, Bavaria, I'V.3 
Raisin: Wild, III.43 
Henderson, E. G., Pine Apple Place, England, 


Herbals, dies 
: n Spice and ong roan by 
a er- Rice (reviewe ed), V 

coo simples, “‘signatures’’, and ee a 


Herb’ Society of America, 1V.69,95; V.23,71 
Hertrich, William, horticultural honors to, 


30 92 
Hibiscus introductions, III.2 
Hill, Walter, Supt., Biskane Garden, IV.86 
“Historical Buildin gs rel Rancho Santa Anita”, 
Bryant Da kin, I. 
Historical Committee, Los ee re and 
ounty Arboretum, Annual Report— 


restoration program 
historic landmark he ey State of California, 
IV.64 


iy ene agers ee 367, Calif. — Park 
mm 3 (cover page) ,64 

Historical Societies, yest a, and Southern 

California, 1.33 

“History an Parentage of magia Cultivars, The’, 


a 
° 


Richard M. Beeks, IV.78,79 (corrected title) 
“History of the Rose”, Roy E. Shepherd 
(review), IV.4 


Hodge, Dr. Walter H. , USDA, P.I. Sec., IV.69 
AS J. Seibert, 11.5 


Bryant Dakin, III.16,47 

Honors, horticultural gi : 
Theodore Payne, IV.7 
hacer s  Hertrich, Wes 30 92 

Hooke V.2 

Hortus Prien ise IV. ie 

; sala 

. James H. Sand ae 


756 
Hottes, Alfred C.:V.36,71 


17 


Hottes, Alfred C., 
uchsia SPP., IV 


scratchboard plant sketches, 


leucophyllum fexanum, a 48 


Bhi ntospermum seri Pa der A 
w to Grow ‘Begonia’ eS A. Farini 
Dea only), V 


Hugo Reid, I.26- ay (sundry refs.) ; 47,48 
ae Evans: Plantsman’ , Cora R. Brandt, 
Hug Le “Scotch Paisano’’, 
on. of farm psesins June 1, 1844, 1.3 
and Indian wife, first lay o 
Rancho Santa Anita, II 
Hugo ie Adobe, III.46; ‘yea page) ,43; 
IV.6 


Huntington eel Gardens, III.17: IV.11; 
IV.86; 
Huntin ioe Libs rary, San ‘re Supt. of 
megan: s and Grounds 
Poe To West Covina, nan air-pollution 
pi otal? of, V.8 
Husk- tomato (Physal is), V.89 
Hybrid Ornamental Strawberry No. ‘25 
es oxidized, air-pollution elements, 
10 


I 
“Idria Nalahoter gf William Hertrich, V.87 
Idria ' ‘forests’ 
“Tllustrated Gide to Trees and Shrubs’, 
Arthur H. “a Rea pio t), IV.18 
Incense Cedar, I LNo.2 art 
Indialaurel Ficus Ape retusa {nitida}), 
Ra — _— Anita), I 
of known ae V.91 


IL.1 
_ Margaret E. Jones 
lark (review), TI 
n Gardens of oe Marie o Neal 
fee Ill 
USDA. Yearbook 1952 (review), 


Il. 30” 
International Agricultural Exposition at Florence, 
IV. 


Boney ina Code of Nomenclature for Culti- 
Plants’, briefed by Mildred Mathias, 


r 20 
International phir Show, Inglewood, Calif., 
III.28; a 9 (see also California International 


I w) 
Mattes i aaa Show, Paris, 
Ma 7: Viet 


“Ipé Amarelo’ ot Logos ane). IV.77 
pe palm gre fro 
“I recall. sa “ibs 
Ithuricl A s Spear  Cirodiace, V.40 


J 
teawees in Pretoria, So. Afr., III.76 
nese cay Grass, III.70,71, Th 73 
| sada Il. 


eg Dorothy, New York Times Garden 
Editor, V. 
Jeru salem on (Parkinsonia aculeata), 

II.No.2 (chart) 
Johnson, Bernard, and date palm industry, II.2 
Johnston, Dr. Tan, Arnold Arboretum, III.54 
— Grass, IV 

s, Charles §. arrees Richfield Oil Corp., 


tote Tree, 
Judas eae okies siliquastrum), 
II.No.2 (chart) 
Jeanie! Gust Chief Silviculturist, USFS, 
I 
Juhren, 7 “Marcella, IV.65 
Tuas. Antoine, botanist Cv «a 


Kafir a Ty 

Kangaroo Paws (Anigozanthus), V.95 
Kauri’s in esha 

Kellogg- Was Unit, Calif. State Polytechnic 


College, 
me Ww. K nch, Pomona, Calif., IV 
Kenne y, Mrs Clyde, Saratoga, Calif., IV. Avg 
Kimball, F. A, National City, Calif., I1.1 
ing Solomon, lore o 


of pomegranate, 1.25 
Kirpossoff, Alice ae IV.43 
Klotzch, Phage 
Knight, Mrs. Laura ; estate 

Kn night Themes: England, are ‘ae (1787), 


V.16 
he 3% Your Trees”, George H. Collingwood, 
IV.i8 
Koala bears 
Krilium Experimentation I11.31,34-36 
seed contributors for, III. 3 
“Krilium Soil Conditioning’, Louis B. Martin, 


a 
Krug, Helmut Paulo, Servico, Sio Paulo, Brasil, 
IV.95 


L 
La li Horticole—1861 (Zinnia ref.), 
IV 


La pas: tj ari mapa in, V.28 

Lamb, Dr. Em IV 

Lambs cues sipeliaeica damage to, V.8 

“Landse i ee ctina be oy rden 

Edward Huntsman-Trou 

eee desta and enor gardens, 
0-35 

Lanjouw, Dr. J., 

Lannon Cany 


Utrecht Univ., II1.5 
on earth dam, Arcadia, Galt IV.65 


Be s caus and 

etum ( review), [V.48 

, Los ns av State and 
i 


mperatu J. Se Lhe 12 
race Scone Guts { Eucalyptus Ciadibi’: 
IT.No.2 (chart) 
Le Notre, gage ag Be Beate 


“Leonhard Fu ee 
(Mrs. Floyd E.), IV.3 
“Les trois a ) Btching by Rembrandt, V.74 


brary paths td 111.50 


in ae Alfred Robinson 


nism, V.79 | 

“Lily oe (F yl carborercens), IV.39 

a) I r Book for The’, Royal ; 
‘Horticultural Society. 7 sll ew), fe. 48 
54 

— telegraph pole” (Idria as 

Lobb. Thomas, and William, plant collectors, 


Lombardy poplars, mis-use of, IV.1 
London Rocket, air-pollution damage t 


Longstamen Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus pases 
ITNo.2( chart 

“Longwood'’s Gain—Our Loss’’, Editorial, V.70 

Loquat, IV.17 

Lord, Ernest E., Australian author, 

Lo td's Candle, The ee cca wbipplei). IV.16 


“Los Sig: sri Beau 
s. Valley = saree 
Los Angeles oy. ee of Public Works 


Lafayette, Lincoln, Pershin g Square, Prospect, 
South, hegre nt Focnsaiien Terrace, 
Westlake, IV 

Los com phi, Board of Supervisors, 1910, 


participation in historic occasion, 1954, [V.64 
Los Angeles County aig agg of Arboreta 
and Botanic Gardens 9 
7 Angeles, yr eee: of Ficus, V.93 
Los Angeles Express (1888), quote, 
” ee 1910 acreage and population of, 


Los Angeles, Park Board 2 ee 1914, IV.55 
Los Angeles Garden Club, I 
be Angeles Sta - and nha Arboretum”, 
R. J. Seibert, 


“Los Angeles Sui and County Arbore 
Policy Affectin Sed ep cy perio 
Grounds”, RT 
Los Angeles Tim rok Chandler, iE ms 
“Lucky” Baldwin, Gere er 32; IV.3 
“Lu cky” Baldwin Casino, 1.31 
Lucky Baldwin ag eo = 72,73 
Lugo estate, hey Ang 
Annex, stu planting, [V.65 
ane R. J. Seibert, 11.3 
Lux, Dr. George P., IL i 


M 
me aa Elizabeth, botanist, European travels, 
71 


rN Ae hig 
McG “Thoms malin records, IT.15; 
IIL 51; 7 EV.56: V, 
cistus hreresistnt + ya muematia IV.65 
plant aoe 
McGah, Russella 
McKee, Dorothy nae 


area V.94 
111.25 


Macmillan books reviewed, III.56 


70 
wer Book, The’ 
e J. Hylander. iilustrations a 
hE. Johnson (review), IV 


IV.64 
Magellan Fuchsia (Fuchsia magellanica), 


Magnolia collection, III.64 

Magnolias, air- layering difficulties with, IV.5 

Sipe lias, . siatic, V.96 Sag: _ 0k eviews) 
Maiden, J. H., 0 Australia 

Maidechait Tree (Ginkgo bilobe), L.2*:; 
II.No.2 (chart 

Maloof, Sam, master craftsman, reve 

Mallee ae collection, eucalyptus, 

Manchester Avenue, Los Angeles se agile 
1910, 1 : 

Manchester Guardian, quote from, III.78 

Mango Industry of South Florida, V.62 

Manila Grass, 

me ODE cin Massachusetts 

V.72; 


yontind (1828), 1.25fn 

€ comprising Angeles 
State and County py mt: 

Mace. of Bute ( Andrews foes IV.79 


, Edwin, quote, I eee 
Marshall Field, Chicago firm, 14 
artin, oO ., plant vbbirtaces V.71,96 
Martinoli, Prof. ee Cagliari, Italy, 1V.70 


Mascarene Grass, III.7 
fon ig ia, palm — from, II.1 
Roly, 


ae Horiuitral sai rae es 72,94 
Master Plan of Arboretum, Arcadia, I. 
Matilija Poppy, III. 59,6( 


‘Meadow Rice Grass”’ UM eobapi Stipoides), 


Me Calif., 11.2 
Mediaeval —- 
Mendel, Gre ayer en theory, V.17 
Mendel’s pay v7. 16,89 
Mendocino County, eucalyptus seeding in, 1.18 
Menninger, rticle in National Sepaphic 
0 


aid’), II.No. Euan) 
mir Muriel, Flower ce Schools Chairman, 


Merrill, Dr. E. Ds IV.84 


yant H. 

. Vo My and H. verre (review), IV.72 
Mesembryanthemums, III.37, 
Mexican avocados, V.84 
oe Fan Palm £ a "aseaie robusta), 

2(chart) ; 
Pisccd Nation, ia ( Rancho Santa Anita 

Title) , 1.26 

Mexican tree fern 
Meyer, Albrecht, 16th cent. rieecipeinis IV.40 


plant Sablate V.62 
Millay, Edna St. Sinenk / ‘Autumn Chant’’— 
61 


poem, I 116 


Mimicry plants, 

Mistletoe, penis pk IV 

Mission Fathers, and Plant fs enna V.63 

“Modern es IV’, American Rose Society, in 
“ita with ). Horace Motaiana Com- 
pany (review), IV.7 

Modjeska, sepia ee IV.75 

Monkey -hand T 

Macau Chemical ee field test, 

31,34 


, 
Montarioso Nurse ae 
ype: cai YW 
Moore, Dr. be 7 ts with 
“se 1¥ 7 
Moreton i 
Morong, sae ses JER 


Motion Pictures for Garden Chub gens list 
compi othy S. Manks, 2 
availability to organized cet : 72 
Haws ce Ash . regna 


m 
hiybsie: eee LA 
Myrtaceae, V.7 


N 
Nas —e Ayah aiet W. Pakistan, IV.70 
Natal’ Plum 
National peers Center, The, IV.45fn 
ger env Council of State Garden cae Flower 
chools, 
National Geograph ic Magazine, oa 1920 
(Cinnamomum camphora), 1V 
National Horticultral Magazine, pe ADORE of 
articles, 1 
National Shade Tree Conference, first meeting 


2 
street tree planting recommendation, I.4 
National sire de fea e Conference, Wester 


Chapter, III.28; V.23 
‘Native Trees if ‘auralie”™ J. W. Audas, 
ge rn TV2i2 
Neal, Ragpsty of Hawaii’, V.5fn 


Nea tae grt Pw V.64 
ewey, al custodian, 1.32; IV.64 
id St sles Ground Cover for 


- 
® 
o 
OS 
fo 
< 
be 


uchs), IV. 
New arris, merchant (1872), 1.27 
New "York ssi Garden, Journal of, V.95 
ehh Lame he Flax ( Phormium tenax), 
II 
New Zealand kauri pines, V.80 
New Zealand Palm Lily, IV. . 
New Zealand tree ferns, V.8 
“1955 ge aie Flower Show i in Inglewood” 
Fred W. mp, V. 


“Notable Pooks 4 in Southern Cs I: The 


Noyes, Alice (Payne), IV. 76 


“November Promise’’-—A Poem, H. H. Benson, 
111.6 


Oo 
eat aa Boulevard, center for park use, IV.52 
“Old A , Baldwin Ranch (cover page), 


Oleander (Nerium oleander), I1.No.2 (chart) 


Olmstead, landscape design, 
Ombu (Phytolacca dioica), nb ee 
O'Melve enry, attorney, 191¢ 


V.5 
oe Vineyard” (Reid's Hei 


Orebid Hobbyists San Gabriel Valley, 
111.28,53; IV 

Organ Esallonia i icillesis organensis), 

char 

Ornamental Alliums, III.55 

“Ornamental “ee ag the Southern Grea 
Plains’, ener mers’ Bulletin No. 2055, 
1953 (re i on 

Orna sana: Filson Dept., Cal-Poly, IV.89 

“Ornament al Shrubs for the Southern Great 

USDA. ele Bulletin No. 2025 


-” Vines for the Southern 
S.D.A. Fa coed Bulletin 
1950 rare): 
Pro 2 Gs miro nbd cn Botanical 
int Mad (1796), IV.79 
“Our Tree Ww 


vi8 em” ’ 
rthe ur LE raat 

Owens Valley Agwedc, eine of, IV.52 
engineer for, IV.5 


“Pacific Garden”, journal, IV.5 


1590, IV.33 


Pa <p Braciting and West Indian distinction, 
‘vi: 


PR ced Grass 

Papaya, pollination “ Ill 

Paramount Studios ( Botan Bay’’), IV.42 
Paraguayan physalis, 

Par ct anes ment of. ying Angeles, history of, 


ntenance in Los Angeles, 1910, IV.53 


Pasadena Spring F lower rae Garden Show, 1954, 


Peacock Flo t (Delonix regia), ~ 

Pearce, Richard, plant ex ve Re V.2 

— ngereek (Aces ‘a po 1 nl a 
I.No.2(ch 


Peattie, Donald Claws (quote), IV.15 
elargoniums, III.37 
“Perennial “eprom Be A Tribute on Alice 

astwood, 185 ce del teview}, VA 

Perennial Phlox, I 

“Perennials Will Giow in California’, 

Mildred Davis, 

Perez Statice (Limoniam perezit), II.No.2 (chart) 

Re 


“Period Flow n' 
rgaret sini eens Marcus ‘(review), III.80 


20 


Period eri history and design (Verdoorn), 


30- 
Persea, ost forest species, Vie 
Persea Species in California’, C. A. {etree ae 


Persian Gardens 
Persimmon, _plnation of, III. 
“Peruvian Black Walnut", Ruaoct J Seibert, 


be 
etunias, breeding experiments with, V.16-19 
hesis in eucalyptus forests, V.80 


POLOSYTICEICS 


oe 
=) — 
a 


primes ag 
pet ti II.No.2 (char 
ink-flowered Whitewood (Euc. leucoxylon 
rosea), II.No.2(chart 
‘Pioneer Regsstes™ Bancroft’s, 1.27; III.47 
Pioneers of California's wine and fruit industry, 
1.27 


Biren: a si and the Arboretum”, 
ry Sims Bent, I. 
"Plant oy ire ee Katherine Esau (comment), 
Plant breeding, L. H. cowid book on, V.89 
lant mace’ ones - Yearbook 1953 
_ (review } 
lant Hunie in Manipur’, 
(review 8 
Plant “athe i of 1 
Philip Edward Gee” A + ei 67, 77 
= Introductions: —— Use 
ssel rt, 
“Plant Patents Eeplincd’. Louis Cutter Wheeler, 
IV.6 


F. Kingdon-Ward 


Plant Societies, ai for, 1V.22, 
“Plants for Souther 
es W. Or 


s Indoors’, C. R. t 
oan idetchichiens ae US. of Agric., 


, Man, and Life”, Edgar Anderson 
brs review w), I.32 
“Plants Suitable for Parki ing een Plantings in 
Los Angeles Civic Center Area”, R. J. Seibert 
and Staff of Los ge State and County 
Arboretum, Vol.II. No.2 (entire i 7 chart) 
Plastic films for air- layering, IV.57, 
Plastic plant labels in the ace I11.4,5 
a 2 


Poinsettias, III.7 


“Points rl _— and Their Civic Value’, Ralph 


‘nd Howard E. Troller, [V.27 
“Pollination of Some Su btropical Fruit Trees”, 
C. A. Schroeder, I 


“Polyethylene” film, sir-layering aid, IV. 58 
“Polyploid Form of Felicia Amelloides 
Develope Colchicine, A’, 


uinn Buc 
“Polythene”, same as “Polyethylene”, IV.58 
“Pomegranate, The’, Charles Gibbs Adams, 1.25 


Pomona Valley Camellia oo = th 
(qu 


ond, Professor D 
Poodle-dog Bush Lovienta. Sane ill, 44 
Poole 


ules E. , geneticist, [1V.79 
eis 


aii 4 Coli osais Arboretum Foundation’, 
s W. 
Prickly Paperbark (Melaleuca styphelioides), 


Pia rae “es 59 
G. H. 


Pring, “3 

Pringle, C ‘ive 

“Progress of the Daylily’ bag Ferra at Los 
Angeles State and County Arbore 
W. Quinn Buck, IV.6s- 

Protea collection, III.64 

“Protected Wild Flowers of the Cape Province, 
Part I ait Part II, Bi ait Cape Provincial 
Admi nistration, Cap own ial IV.72 

Pruning, of w oody i IV.1 

Prince Piickl 34 


v. 
Prunus, air- laye ering experiments with, IV. af 
Pt. Arena, Calif., strawberry growing area 
Pueblo ede original, including Elysian a 
and Pershing eat, IV5 
Ted”’ », Pe es ink artist, 


Pe mee Ae ee viscosa purpurea), 
II.N 
Gidieer rates (Theodore Payne), IV.75 


Q 
crvicptiess W. Dan 
Bird Notes, I.6; III.36,73; [V.22,45,83; 
0 


ttage’”’, 1.4,19,29,31; 


IV. 
“Queen of the Flowers” (tuberous begonias), 
i 
Queensland Lily (Doryanthes eeu IV.87 
uick Weed, air- i ie damage 


Quito Strawberry 


R 
ainfall in Australian ery forests, V.80 
poles ay thee 
an an otanic aes 


beginnings, native planting, IV.76 
a os plantings, V.3 
1 
Ra ho 8 San aprrer a in the 1880's 
a al Anita, Inc. (193 gy. 
ax oe Robert D., P.I. Sta., Rehestite, Md., 


err 


Ra ee Hotel, Pasadena, ero in 
charge of plantings (1916), V 

Recreation aise first in Los ai lies IV.54 

Reed, Dr. 


Red Box ‘Eucalyptus (Enc. polyanthemos), 
II.No. 

Ralwbad S (. nee iain V.4 

“Reflections on a Recent Horticultural i to 
South Africa’, aia Ayres, Jr., III.76 


Reforestation programs in Palestine, II.31 


Regenerative power oS - Euc aiyPrOs forest, V.79 

Renaissance Garde V.33 

Renantherae, V.79 

Restoration of “Lucky”’ Baldwin Casino: letter 

, Maurice Block, 

Revue de LHonticulre Bel ge—1894 
(Zinnia ref. 

Revue Horticole “1830, 92, 95, 96, 1904, 10, 14 
(Zinnia refs.), I 

Richfield ae Corpor, Ms 93 

Riedel, A 


e Ko 
Riedel, Johannes “Retr ieee (See 
Peter Riedel) 

Riedel, i 1Vi42V.2 
River Red Gum (Euc. jaesiev era sis [rostrata}), 

II.No.2( a 
a ee one: habitat of Washingtonia 

fe 


nae Allee. author of “Life in California’, 


Bode Joh 
Rock here Nes on 

“Romance of the Ranc pinay oo 1.28 
Romero (Trichostema spt 
Rose, Lcona ard, PS 

u a ( Fuchsia rosea), I 
Ppa Fred W., Supt. a Pxcclentiene 
wel s, V.96 

seph A. , pioneer circus man, I.27 
Pipbea hay Lester, att F7: 
Royal Gar ens of Madr id, 
Royal Horticultural I Society’ s ee Floral Medal, 


inciana lees 

ociety of Horticulture, V3 
n at Marfranc, Haiti, 
ati ion at Turrialba, C: ‘. 
nton, 

Rubus, and L. H. Bailey, Mt 
‘Rura Californie” : journa 

Ruskin, John (quote), 
IV.91 


Set 


“F moi es 


S 
— Valley, palm planting in, HL 
fers date palms in, 
er Valley, Arizona, ‘date palm plantings 


IT. 2 
San eon Italy, at or IV.3 
San Diego Zoo (Calif.), 1V.42 
San Luis Obispo 0 County, Calif, habitat of 
ey Speke ong S75, 
Sand Straw {By oak chiloensis), 111.59 
alk Mission, 1.26,27 
Santa Barbara and Dr. tuba IV.3 
Santa B Barbers Daisy 
San Pedro, incorpo in Ese oe dae 3 52 
Santiago Canyon, ee , Calit., 
= Cruz Island I (Lyon Sy 
ribu gg - “apenas IIT.61 
Sapote, Pike, 


hite iV 4 
ei Horticu ae Sie got IV.85 
Sargent, Charles Spr: 
Saunders, Charles mane spin from 
writings of, 
Cinnamomum camphora, 1V.43 


“Saunders’ place’, Los Angeles (1888), a 

Scarlet pow (Fachsia conta IV. 36,3 
“Scotch Paisano’ (Hug Reid), 1.3; III. ra 

Seden, ohn, ow _ hybridize, v zi, 28 

Seed and Plant Dis: Dinrbels 

Seed distribu a 9 oe eee from Brazil 
and Argentin 

sn ese rio Looks Ms a A 


Sibert ‘Russel ‘ 7” 28; HES: TV 65,95; 


Se le Plige, 

Shade Plant Re V.7; V.85 

Shakespeare, Juliet s pomegranate tree, 1.25 

Shasta Resor ( Poe! tes gong maximum 
ni’), I. No. 2(ch art) 

Shearer, fank : 

Shell sree Nursery, of Oakland, I.18 

i a (Xylosma senticosa), 


Ernest E. had yf Baresi , Ill 
“Shrubs for the Milder Counties”, 
W. Arnold-Forster (review), III.55 
Sierran Sugar pines, and Australian eucalyptus, 


Silent, Judge Charles, I 
Silver a (Elec ha 
Bh No.2 (chart) 
er Clum nee Grass (Festuca glauca), 1V.16 
Silver Crassula (Crassula argentea), 
I 


Silver Fern (Cyathea dealbata), V.8 
Silver Mallee (Rac. crucis), I.No. 2 (chart 
ilver Mountain Gum (Exc. pulverulenta), 
II. chart 
Silver Tree a endron ee) 111.37 
“Sixty Y in core ia” 
Harris Newms 1.27 (re pores 


; = 
“Sm og’ (See Air Se ppt 
“Smog-tolerant’”’ plants, II.No.2 (chart) 
“Some California Phacelias” , Philip A. Munz, 


“Something Different in Tree Labels’, 
R. J. Seibert, III.5 
“Song ve the Exhibitor, The’, 


II1.3 
Sons ie Daughters of the Golden West, 1.33 
‘South Africa in Your a9 en”, 
ed E. Mathias, III.37 
eae Sontag, habitat range of Fragraria 
¢ 
ples tag California Academy of Sciences, V.70 
Southern California Acclimatizing Association, 
IV.4,7; V.21 
Southern California Automobile Club, L.A., 
lary Speciosa specimen in grounds of, 


S. Reynolds Hole, 


Southern Secon Botanists, III.2 

Southern California Cam ree society II1.28,53; 
IV.22,47,71,95; Vil 13,4 

Southern California Golf pS TIL. 28 


etum publi cation plans, I 1.8 
sag issue of joint poreonneny III.No.2 


22 


So. Cal. Horticultural mg at EO 
i ee IIT.62 


honor to Hinge ney Payne, ae 
n eee date, etc., IV.95 


Southern California i Flower and Garden 
Show 
“Southern Gfomia the P. ier . 
uel Ayres, ae 
Sones California Turf ae 1953, 


IV.23 
Southern Pacific R. a 
Spain, King of, (1769), gti Tand title, 1.26 
Spanish Broom rae junceum 

If.No.2 (char 
Spearlily (Dorganibes Meh IV.17,86,87 
tanton, st: QO, 
Seat 
State Park fe eis - Aaa IV.64 
Stearns, ‘Don Abel”, 
Steedman Acacia (A. Sieadman’), III.29 
Stewart, Dr. William 
Stone, Gen. ae P. (187 6), “on 
Stout, Dr. A. B., daylily breeder, IV.69 
Street and parkway planting of this a trees, 


Street Tree mele Board of Public Works, | 
Los Angeles, V.9 : 

Sub- topical | lants, 11.9; III.39 

Su burban ngeles, 1910-1914, IV.52 


G 

ng Co. penal IV 72 
Susuki Grass ee sinensis), V.68 
Sutter, John 
Sweet Willian (Dianthus barbatus), V1.7 
Swim, Herbert C., international honor to, iv. 23 
Swim ey pools, first public, in Los Angeles 

IV 


Suter o se V.62 

Swingle, W. T., 

Senne Lovell. 

Szechuan ae Viste Metasequoia stand, 
IV.84 


“Tabebuia umbellata”, * J. Seibert, IV.77; v.66 


Dr. andria, Egypt, I[V.70 
rn Rabincleeiath ences ), Ill. - 
Tallac Knoll at the oF aeege, IV 

almudic Botany, IV 
Tasmania, pan ep nthe in, V.80 
anian Blue Gum, I.18 


Taylor, William, Bi shop, ee Francisco, 1.18 
oe Bears and Euc alyp 
Ho Iderness, 
Telephone ae ios Angeles City Hall, 
installation of, IV 
| factor i in ne ae Se of plant 
nourishm 
—— erature gflisbicns 1.21 (see also Weather 


s 
Philip A. Munz, IV.75 
25 


zy “Thentlo ore 
cccieche. rll de School, 1.2 


ibis rs 


“Thirty. first — evi Tree Conference’, 
i )6Walter J. 
“Thymelea Fuchsia ” (Puchsia thymifolia), 


i V38 39 
herbarium material, V.89 
Title Insurance Company, 
! Tobago, herbarium material from, by 


ailey, V.9 
Tobira Pittosporum ennai tobira), 
. II.No.2(chart) 
| Tony Sarg marionettes IV.14 
“To Make Our Land More Beautiful”, 
j John Anson gmt 
Topanga Canyon oo ty of, IV.5 
[. 'To These We Are Indebted’ Hugh Saat 11.4 
eee Fuchsia (Fuchsia procumbens tai 
} 
Trailing ven (Lantana sellowiana), 


2 

f tanslocations, of plant food, temperature factor 
in, V.80 

‘ Tree ferns in paauan “gnyones forests, V.80 

n Califor 

Ww. Robes 

Tree of Heaven ( Ailanthus altissima), 

/ — II.No.2 (chart) 

_ Tree Tomato (Cyphoma ndra betacea), II1.61 


) “Trees and Shrubs in Easter am America’, 
Benjamin Blackburn, 
Trees of New S ae! . 
. H. Anderson pening TILS 


Trees of se vo Pacific oa S 
_ eee ed 
Southern oo Edison Company 
yp oe Bg 
j Teclease. PWiilliaus: 1V.6 
_ Trends in popularity of certain plants, I 
ces Flame Bush (Calliandra cer an 
Tenia ee material from, by 
H. Bailey, V.9 
| tae Rain Forest,, The” 
(comment), IV.19 
Tuberous begonias, V.26-29, 56-60 
| “Christmas-flowering Varieties” v.56 
first double-flowere : V.29 
ae inter- flowering Varieties ee" 
ey spineless “sae 13; 


, P. M. Richards 


6 


— Tae, 


“Tun 
@ Hi. "No.2 
Turf ee III.79 
Turf experimental research, advisory committee, 
s from ‘Down Under’, A’, 
s B, Martin, V.14 
a Malvaviscus mollis), I 
plata Costa Rica, See ae a "V. 70 
gram: ore Your Eyes’, III.79 
“Two Seoseatind Yuccas ra 
William Hertrich, [V.11 


om Mexico” : 


Sn oS es. 


U 
Po Chinaberry (Melia azederach 
mbraculiformis), Il.No.2 (chart) 
Linda eas whrpeis system, pine in 
Los Angeles, IV 


Baa etic the tecirrar ag A Revision of 


ae Longstreth ye III.56 
Heiseniee of 


Pla ies 
U.S. Forest ccnice on Clamshell Rd., Monrovia, 
Calif., IT. 
Dept. of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant 
‘Industry, V 
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, oe sie pr sere 
Section, eoahions! bape V6 
1 (Zinnias), IV.79 


Forest Service, Flood Control, 
U.S. Reclamation Service, former fie fe) IV.55 


Van Whee ce M., IV. 3 (see also Authors) 
de la Garcilaso 

eo plant breeding experiments, V.18 
Veitch, John 

Ve itch, Messrs. ae and Sons, V.27,57 


“Veitch’s Nur Pioneer Hybridizers of 
Tuberous ene ias’’, Elmer J. Lorenz, 
V.2 6 


27, 
Velasco, Fr. (1789), V 
Vera Cruz, Mex., Came of Persea longipes, 


Verdoorn, Dr. Frans, I.28; III.5; 
Victoria, Indian wife . Hugo Reid, TIL.47 


Vi 
Vilmorin a : 
Vilmorin-Andrieux and Co., 

Vine Fuchsia (Fuchsia ran 6 IV .36,37 
Meas - it 

Vio rumpet Vine (C/ytostom 

loins II.No 2(chart) 


“Visqueen’’, plastic film, IV.5 
Voorhis, C. B., family, IV. ny 
Ww 

Wallflower Se Ill 

“Washingtonia Spat Willian Hertrich, 1.4 
a ae s, 

Wax Candle (ldria sama: V8 

BL bron Trees”, E. J. H. Corner jewibaly, 
III.8 

“We” ae Editor 


Weather Records, Los Angeles State me — 


Weather Records, ir btaiee of California, Los 
Angeles, 1952, ; 1953, IV.56; 1954, V.64 

Weddell, plant shee ON ire 

bain 2 its 

fess: climatic factors, 11.31 

e€ y aad. 


Earhar : Plant Research Laboratory, III.31 
sheretana! trips to Europe, III.31 


Satan me of San Jose de Costa Rica, IV.6 Winter-sweet (Acokanthera spectabilis), 


West s Section ve the Arboretum, 1V.65 II.No.2(c ee 
Westcott, ‘Richa rd, I Winters, Calif., 
“Western Fruit Gardening” Asus M. oe Wolfski il, 7. a. Tit 
and Claron O. e (review), IV Wolfskill, William, B427: 11> A? 
“White Flowering Native California Plat for Wongavine ao dorea ae 
aaah Katherine K. Muller, III.59 II.No.2 (chart) 
Wilcox 9 “Woody A of the ape Los iis 
“Wild ase of ec , H. W. Rickett. The’, Journal of South African any, 
Illustrations by Mary Vaux Walcott and ol. 18, ea a II (review), es 
Dorothy Falco (review), IV.96 Woolly Blue 
White Potato Vine (S Solanum Jasminoides), (Tricostema : V.41 
II.No.2 (chart) Workman, W. H 
White een (Casimiroa edulis), 1V.4 Wrinkleleaf cider (Cistus crispus), 
Wild avocado of Mt. Uyuca, Honduras II.No.2 (chart ) 
Persea penne a), V.84 >. 
PY. of Tecpan, Guatemala (Persea Xerophytic types of bromeliads, IV.8 
Wild Canterbury Bell (Phacelia minor), W142 7 b 
Wild Heliotropes, IIT.43 “Years in My Herb Garden, The’, Helen M. Fox, 
Wild Oats, air-pollution damage to, V.8 : 
WHEL Onions (Brodiaea), V.40 “Yuccas of the Southwest’, John M. Webber, 
William Penn, Horticulturist’, [V Zeinee, De Gk. VS 


oe PRES in Los oe ¥¥.52 
63 


Wilson, E. H 
Windmill oe ae fortune?), Zineb, fungicide, V.11 
II.No.2 (chart) Zurich Garden, IV.34