Missouri Botanical Garden bulletin.

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN
BULLETIN
64 -65

1976-77

Missouri BoTANIéAt
GARDEN LIBRARY

Missouri
Botanical
Garden
Bulletin

MEDITERRANEAN HOUSE OPENS
AT 2 p.m., SATURDAY, JANUARY 10

At 2 p.m. on Saturday, January 10, the Mediterranean
House, the Garden's first Bicentennial project, will
open. As detailed in the December 1975 Bulletin, the
Mediterranean House is the first greenhouse in the
country to be devoted exclusively to the display of
mediterranean plants of the world. The project was
conceived by Dr. Peter H. Raven, Director of the
Garden.

Located just north of the Climatron, the Mediterra-
nean House at opening time will contain about 250
different species of plants from all five mediterranean
regions of the world. The greenhouse also will feature
cobblestone paths, representative of urban Mediterra-
nean regions, benches, a small fountain and a grape
arbor. The design for the interior was developed by
Karl D. Pettit of Eugene J. Mackey and Associates.

ADELINE BOYD

Roots of Japanese Art - Sources and Traditions

ADELINE BOYD LECTURE SERIES FOR MEMBERS OF THE
GARDEN AND THE ASIAN ART SOCIETY: 10:30 a.m. on Jan. 5 and
19 and Feb. 2 and 16, Lehmann Building auditorium. Enrollment $15
per person for the series. Contact Mrs. David S. Lewis, Jr., 41 Trent
Drive, St. Louis, Mo. 63124, 993-1011.

Ikebana arrangements graced the setting at areception following the
dedication of Tortoise Island. With Dr. Raven are Mrs. Walter E.
Morris, center, and Mrs. John L. O'Brien.

Tortoise Island Dedicated

Tortoise Island, one of three islands within the
Japanese Garden, was. dedicated recently at
ceremonies attended by over 100 guests including
members of Ikebana International, The Japanese
American Citizens League, and the Japan America
Society.

The island, suggestive of a semi-submerged tortoise
(sketch of island on page two), was the gift of the St.
Louis chapter of Ikebana International. Fund-raising
activities enabled the organization to donate $3000
toward the development of the island.

Mrs. John L. O’Brien, president of the St. Louis
Ikebana chapter, presented Dr. Peter H. Raven witha
miniature marble tortoise, symbolic of eternal youth.
Mrs.’Walter E. Morris, past president and founder of the
St. Louis Ikebana chapter, was chairman of the

dedication program, which concluded witha reception
Continued on next page

A

Volume LXH+ Number 1
January 1976

in the John S. Lehmann Building.

Crane Island will be dedicated January 18, and is
sponsored by the Federated Garden Clubs of Missouri
-East Central District.

Following are the remarks which Dr. Raven delivered
at Tortoise Island’s dedication.

“On behalf of the Trustees and staff of the Missouri
Botanical Garden, | am delighted to accept this
beautiful Tortoise Island. Around you can be seen the
beginnings of our Japanese Garden, a feature that will
enrich our lives for many years to come. Over the next
year this hiraniwa, or dry garden, will be filled with
raked sand, and its southern portion planted with
graceful weeping cherry trees to contrast with the
rugged individuality of the pines around us. The eight-
plank bridge, or yatsuhashi, will grace the far shore of
the lake, and will be surrounded in spring with
blooming iris plants. A teahouse will arise on the
central island, and the area will steadily approach its
ultimate form.

“In placing this Tortoise Island here, Professor
Kawana has enabled us to celebrate a tradition that
goes back at least 3,500 years, to the beginnings of the
Bronze Age in China, where inscribed tortoise shells
were found in association with early bronze im-
plements. Ancient Chinese legends tell of tortoises
arising from the Yellow River with mystical writings on
their backs. By the Han Dynasty, in the Second
Century A.D., the tortoise shows up as a regular feature
of the decorations of burial chambers.

“From ancient times, the Chinese have associated
the tortoise with winter. Its withdrawal from public view
at the beginning of the winter, as it moves into
hibernation, symbolized for them the slackening pace
of human activity at that time, the men coming in from
the fields, and the women working at their chores
inside the houses. In Chinese tradition, the tortoise is
exclusively female, its male counterpart being the
snake, this resulting in a familiar design motif of
oriental art.

“| hope that these brief remarks have provided some
insight into the meaning of what we are trying to
accomplish here. | will close by reading atranslation of
a Japanese poem, written by a former emperor at the
Kameyama Palace in Kyoto just 700 years ago:

Eternity

And the pine trees on Tortoise Hill

Reflected in the clear waters

Of the palace pond
In this evocation of the auspicious images of the
tortoise and pine trees, both of which symbolize long
life, the poet clearly expresses good wishes for the
owner of the garden, and his concept is that of the
unearthly land of the immortals. In the same spirit, we
gratefully accept the gift of this Tortoise Island, and
pledge to hold it in trust for the citizens of our
community.”

/ Af ge oa
CALA G “

Designer Koichi Kawana’s sketch of Tortoise Island.

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View of Tortoise Island in Japanese Garden.

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In Japanese: “Tortoise Island.”

From left: Jamie Weldon, Dave Koch, Randy Anderson.

HORTICULTURAL SALES
DEPARTMENT REORGANIZED

The Horticultural Sales Department has recently
begun moving in new directions as a result of a major
reorganization designed to broaden the depth and
scope of the horticultural services offered by the
Garden.

Randy Anderson has been named to the newly-
created position of Horticultural Sales Manager and
will coordinate all areas of horticultural sales within the
Garden. His appointment was announced by Dr.
William M. Klein, Assistant Director of the Garden.

Anderson, a native of Nebraska, comes to the
Garden after four years of study at Colorado State
University, Fort Collins, Col., in Ornamental Hor-
ticulture. He also completed asummer internship at the
Longwood Botanical Gardens, near Philadelphia, and
has had wide experience in floral management, design,
and sales. He will Supervise the Garden’s Plant Shop,
Answerman Service, and Horticultural Contracts.

Anderson will work in conjunction with Jamie
Weldon, Plant Shop Manager, and Dave Koch, Hor-
ticultural Contracts Manager; also recently appointed
to their respective positions. Together, the three hope
to provide a fuller ‘variety of plants, and more
comprehensive plant information — reflecting the full
scope of botanical possibilities suitable for home or
commercial settings.

While directly benefiting the Garden, Horticultural
Sales also are an important outreach of the Garden’s
continuing effort to stimulate greater understanding
and awareness of the existing botanical world. The

SECOND MEMBERS’ TOUR TO ENGLISH GARDENS

Following the success of the Members’ trip to the
English Gardens in 1973, under the direction of John
Elsley, Curator of Hardy Plants at the Missouri
Botanical Garden, we are pleased to announce that
another tour to England will take place during the
spring of 1976. Mr. Elsley will again accompany the
group which will depart from St. Louis on Wednesday,
May 19 and return Sunday, May 30.

Although final plans have to be confirmed, it is
intended that the tour will operate from a “base” in
central London, visiting the gardens in Kent and
Sussex. In addition to such famous gardens as
Nymans, Sissinghurst Castle, Heaslands and
Wakehurst Place, it is hoped that other renowned
private gardens will be included in the itinerary. While
in London the party will visit the Chelsea Flower Show
— the finest and most famous show of its kind in the
world. A visit to the Chelsea Physic Garden, one of
London's oldest and most interesting horticultural and
botanical institutions — a garden not normally
accessible to visitors, will also be included.

A special three day excursion, with headquarters in
Oxford, will provide opportunities to visit the classic
landscape gardens of Stowe and Rousham House, the
Oxford Botanic Garden — Britain’s oldest botanic
Garden founded in 1621, and such other famous
gardens as Hidcote Manor and Kiftsgate Court in
Gloucestershire. Finally, a tour of the superb show
gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society at Wisley
will conclude the itinerary.

Further details and information may be obtained by
telephoning American Express Company’s Travel
Department, 241-6400, and ask for Beverly Soltys, who
will be the trip coordinator, or by contacting the
Garden’s Membership Office — 772-7600.

Garden presently maintains 26 outside horticultural
contracts throughout the St. Louis area which serve to
enhance botanical interest within the community-at-
large.

The Answerman Service is also growing to meet the
community’s heightened demand for plant informa-
tion. A class of 15 volunteers recently completed an
expanded training program within the Answerman
program in order to handle the ever-increasing number
of calls.

Jamie Weldon, Plant Shop Manager, reports that a
wider variety of plants will be available and more
professionally displayed at the plant shop. He en-
visions an expanded staff of additional volunteers,
readily identifiable in mew uniforms, to assist
customers in choosing the right plant for their
particular needs.

Chief advisor to the Horticultural Sales Department
is Robert Dingwall, Director of Horticulture.

Gardening in St. Louis

JANUARY GARDENING

As the New Year begins, we should reminisce about
the garden we had last year and begin making plans for
the garden we hope to have this coming year. Being a
Bicentennial year, emphasis can be on a special
garden or garden layout and on the colors red, white
and blue. Anyone can have red, white and blue
petunias but how about coming up with something
that’s more of a challenge to grow, as far as flowering
material is concerned?

Seed Catalogs

Now is the time to review the new seed catalogs that
have been arriving to narrow down interests to a few
well chosen plants that we feel we can grow
successfully. Orders for bulbs and seeds should go in
as early as possible to assure early delivery. For those
who started with vegetable gardens last year or who
want to start one this year, January is the month to get
seed orders in. During the next month we will invariably
have a thaw, and this is when the cool crops such as
spinach, peas, and cabbage should be planted.

When a brief spell of warm weather hits later, remove
the mulch from the ground and cover the area with
black plastic to help capture the sun’s rays and warm
the soil up for the first 24 to 48 hours. Then remove the
black plastic and plant your seeds to the required
depth.

Forcing Bulbs

The middle of this month is a good time to start
forcing the bulbs that were planted last October. These
should now have made good root growth and can be
brought indoors, placed in a dark, warm spot and kept
moderately moist until the first node, or two or three
inches of bulb are above the soil line. Then place the
pots in an area where they receive full light during the
day. The pots should be kept in a cool spot with good
light so as not to force the plants too much which will
end up in a weak, spindly growth and often the flower
buds will dry up. Bulbs forced at this time of year will
take about 4 weeks from the start of forcing until they
are in bloom.

Those who purchased extra seed last year should
run a germination test; sprinkle a few seeds — 10 or 20
on damp blotters; place these in a warm, dark spot and
examine daily. Keep the blotters constantly moist. At
the end of 3 to 4 days, seeds should have germinated
and you can count the number of seeds that are
showing sprouts. Those that have not yet germinated
will not germinate this coming spring. This will give you
a good idea how thick to plant the seeds for best results
this year. Germination usually decreases from one year
to another.

On mild days, check through the garden to see if any

plants have heaved out from heavy frost. If so, they
should be firmed back down into the soil to prevent
them from drying out. Place alittle mulch in around the
base of the plants to prevent further heaving.

House Plants

At this point house plants will benefit by having their
leaves washed in warm water or warm milk. Also check
thoroughly for signs of insect damage such as scale or
mealy bug. This should be removed immediately by
either washing the plants or using a mild spray that is
not too toxic to either you or your animals. After
spraying, place the plants where it is warm enough for
the plants to dry and the odor to fade. Avoid using
sprays in any food areas.

Later this month, branches from apple trees,
forsythia, and other early spring flowering shrubs may
be brought indoors and sprayed with. warm water
several times a day (the bathtub is an ideal area to do
this); keep them in a warm spot and they will gradually
open their blossoms giving an early hint of spring to
come.

Those of you with home greenhouses should hold
back on planting your annuals or other plants unless
vou can get them out very early inthe spring. Too early
a start will make the plants overly large, taking up more
room than what you can afford. Planting hardy plants 6
weeks before they can be set outdoors is the general
rule of thumb. Tender plants planted 4 to 6 weeks is
early enough.

Most plants will not be growing significantly as yet
due to the very short days. Therefore avoid excess use
of fertilizers which could be harmful. Be sure all plants
receive adequate light and turn them occasionally to
give them good balance.

Foundation Plantings

Due to the very dry fall season, it is important during
warm periods this month and next for foundation
plantings to receive extra water if rains have not been
heavy this month. Because the foundation tends to
draw moisture away from the plants, a good watering
will prevent winter damage.

Make sure that foundation plants are heavily watered
and that the water has a chance to penetrate down to
the base of the roots for best effects. Allowing areas
close to the foundation to run dry can cause loss of
plants.

Where space and light are adequate, you may enjoy
starting a few of the early herbs and annuals which can
be grown in pots and mature very quickly. Placed ina
sunny south window or a warm home greenhouse,
herbs can add extra flavor to winter dishes within about
6 weeks after first starting from seed.

Robert Dingwall
Chief Horticulturist

EXHIBIT OF LINOLEUM BLOCK PRINTS
BY HENRY EVANS ON DISPLAY
JANUARY 12 - FEBRUARY 6

An exhibit of linoleum block prints by Henry Evans,
noted California print-maker, will be on display in the
lobby of the John S. Lehmann Building from January
12 through February 6. These prints are part of the
Garden's permanent collection of: Evans’ work,
purchased through a bequest from Angela Sterbenz, a
long-time resident of South St. Louis and frequent
visitor to the Garden. A small selection of Mr. Evans’
prints will be available for sale during the exhibit.
Inquiries should be made through the Garden's library.

Exhibit hours will be 9:00-5:00, Monday through
Friday.

NICKY BOTTGER WATERCOLOR COURSE

A ten-week course in basic watercolor painting will
be given by Mrs. Nicky Bottger, beginning January 21
and continuing every Wednesday through March 24.
Intended for both beginning and advanced students,
lessons will focus on the Climatron and other beautiful
settings in the Garden. Students will provide their own
supplies which will be listed at the first meeting. Class
sessions will be held in the Museum Building from 9:30
a.m. to 12:30 p.m.

Enrollment will be limited to 25 students. Interested
persons may register by mailing a check, for $39.00 to
the Continuing Education Department, Forest Park
Community College, 5600 Oakland Avenue, St. Louis,
Mo. 63110. For information, call 664-3300, ext. 301.

Mrs. Bottger is a well Known St. Louis watercolorist
who has taught privately and at The Lindenwood
Colleges, and at Forest Park and Meramec Community
Colleges. Her own watercolors are exhibited locally
and nationally.

James L. Wilson, right, Director of the Department of Natural
Resources, presenting a check for $300,000 to Dr. Peter H. Raven,
Director of the Garden. This appropriation was made by the 78th
Assembly of the Missouri Legislature to the Department of Natural
Resources for the Japanese Garden, pictured in the diagram above.
Mr. and Mrs. Wilson inspected the progress.on this project during
their recent visit.

The Strauch Fountain

One of the newest features at the Garden is the
Strauch Fountain, given in memory of John B. Tillie
Strauch. The fountain was designed by William A.
Bernoudy and completed in September. It is situated
directly west of Tower Grove House. Its central feature
is a lovely bronze angel originally installed at the
Lindell-Skinker entrance to Forest Park as part of the
1904 World’s Fair. The angel was sculptured by
Romano Romanelli, and was originally presented to
the World’s Fair Commission by David N. O'Neill. In
1907 it was relocated to an area near the Municipal
Opera, where it remained until shortly before its
installation at the Garden.

During the past summer the angel was restored by
Phoebe Weil of the Center for Archaeometry at
Washington University, and was treated with a protec-
tive coating of corrosion inhibitor, Incralac, and a
micro-crystalline wax in order to forestall deterioration
of the bronze.

BICENTENNIAL LECTURE, ‘HOW MANY
BOTANY BOOKS DID JEFFERSON
OWN?’. BY DR. JOSEPH A. EWAN

Dr. Joseph A. Ewan, Ph.D., professor of Botany at
Tulane University and one of the nation’s leading
botanical historians, will present a lecture entitled
“How Many Botany Books Did Jefferson Own?” as part
of a Bicentennial lecture series sponsored by the
Garden along with other cultural and educational
institutions in the Greater St. Louis area.

The lecture, to be given at 7:30 p.m. on February 2 at
the Forest Park Community College’s Performing Arts
Center, is one of 15 programs within the series: entitled
“The World of Thomas Jefferson” which will begin
January 12 and continue through April 19.

Tickets for the series are $25. Garden members have
received applications for series tickets. Individual
tickets for the botany lecture are $2 for adults, students
$1. Reservations can be made by calling 664-3300, ext.
266.

CALENDAR OF EVENTS

Mediterranean House
Opening

Exhibit: Linoleum Block

January 10

January 12 through

February 6 Prints, Henry Evans
Lobby, John S. Lehmann
Building

January 18 Dedication of Crane Island
Japanese Garden

January 31 through Orchid Show

March 16 Climatron

February 2 Bicentennial Lecture:

“How Many Botany

Books Did Jefferson Own?”’.

Dr. Joseph A. Ewan
Forest Park Community
College, Performing Arts
Center, 7:30 p.m.

February 28-29 African Violet Society Show

Floral Display House

March 6-7 Spring Garden Workshop
Floral Display House
March 19 Members Spring Preview

Party
Floral Display House

March 20 through
April 11

Spring Flower Show
Floral Display House

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From left: Dr. George E. Pilz, Dr. Robert E. Magill, Dr. Arthur J. Hicks.

Grant Will Support Museum Training Program
In The Department of Botany

The Garden has received a grant of $24,682 from the
National Endowment for the Arts to support a one year
museum training program in the Department of
Botany.

The program will train three recent Ph.D.’s in Botany
in the management of herbarium, or dried plant,
collections. Herbaria serve as repositories for voucher
specimens of plants used in scientific studies and as
reference tools for identification of unknown
specimens.

There are over 500 herbaria in the United States but
none have offered formal training in herbarium
management. The Missouri Botanical Garden's collec-
tion of over two and one half million specimens is one
of the largest and most important in the country, and
with a staff of 30 will expose the trainees to the many
aspects of managing such collections. The trainees are
Dr. Arthur J. Hicks, University of Illinois; Dr. Robert E.
Magill, Texas A & M University; and Dr. George E. Pilz,
University of California-Berkeley.

Member of
The Arts and Education
Fund of Greater St.Louis

The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is publish-
ed 11 issues per year monthly except August, by the Missouri
Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo.
63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo.

M. P. CRONIN, Editor

SUBSCRIPTION RATES:
$5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign.

Scenes above are from the Members’ Preview Party, attended by
over 1600 and sponsored by Famous-Barr Co. The event opened the
annual Poinsettia Show which is on view through January 11 in the
Floral Display House.

During the party, both the Garden Gate Shop and the Plant Shop
were open. Members received discounts on purchases and their
response to the shops’ expanded lines was described as overwhelm-

ing.

Report on the 1975 Systematics Symposium

Approximately 300 scientists and graduate students
from all parts of the United States attended the T wenty-
second Annual Systematics Symposium held at the
Garden, October 17-18, 1975. This yearly event draws
together botanists and zoologists to hear about latest
developments in systematics and closely related fields.
The 1975 topic was: “Evolution at the Population
Level.” Since systematists and taxonomists classify the
end products of the evolutionary process as they are
seen today and also attempt to explain how these end
products may have come about, it was fitting that this
topic was considered for 1975. It is at the level of local
populations that the nitty-gritty evolutionary events
and processes of gene mutation, changes in
chromosome structure and number, genetic recom-
bination, natural selection, and reproductive isolation
take place. The six Symposium speakers dealt with
certain aspects of these processes and related them to
the adaptation and speciation of plant and animal
populations.

Dr. H. L. Carson, University of Hawaii, spoke on
adaptation and speciation at the microevolutionary
level and attempted to identify the genetic basis for
adaptational and speciational events. Dr. J. An-
tonovics, Duke University, examined the nature of
limits to natural selection based on his own and
students’ studies of plant populations. Dr. G. Johnson,
Washington University, discussed his studies on
adaptation in butterflies of the genus Colias in the
Rocky Mountains of Colorado. His studies showed

strong evidence for the natural selection of certain
forms of enzymes which enable the butterflies to adapt
more successfully to the different environmental
conditions found in the mountains.

Dr. O. T. Solbrig, Harvard University, presented a
hypothesis to account for the development of the two
main breeding systems in plants, cross- and self-
fertilization. Empirical evidence from work with
Leavenworthia, a genus of the mustard family, was
presented in support of his hypothesis. Dr. R. W.
Cruden, University of lowa, discussed his recent
research of adaptation of certain plant populations to
insert pollination. He showed that differences in the
production of number of pollen grains compared tothe
number of ovules and differences in the amount of
nectar secretion can be used as a measure of adaption.

Dr. J. Sarukhan, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de
Mexico, discussed three closely related buttercups
with markedly different life histories. He showed that
these histories are based on different expenditures of
energy on vegetative and reproductive structures by
each of the three species and discussed possible types
of selection that may have been involved. A very
stimulating evening talk by Dr. P. Ehrlich reviewing his
research of the population biology of butterflies and,
more recently, coral reef fishes brought the Sym-
posium to an end.

Gerrit Davidse
Assistant Curator, Botany Department

NEW SUSTAINING Mr./Mrs. Albert P. Gronemeyer Mr./Mrs. Harry W. Tretter, Jr. Mrs. Mary H. Proffitt

Mr./Mrs. Tom Hall Dr./Mrs. Ronald Turgeon Mrs. Christa E. Rariden
MEMBERSHIP Mr./Mrs. Lee Hanley Mr./Mrs. Everett T. ier Mrs i ee aoe Reck
_ Charles Harris Miss Mary Jo Sawicki
NOVEMBER 1975 ei as Harrison NEW INDIVIDUAL Mrs. Ernest W. Stix
; Miss Elizabeth Sutcliffe
Ms. Antoinette O. Bailey a ee Ean MEMBERSHIPS Miss Nancy Tennant
Mr./Mrs. Peter J. Hitch NOVEMBER 1975 ie ie UA acca
Mr./Mrs. C. C. Jen Fv. vacoD Hinman
NEW CONTRIBUTING Mr./Mrs. Carl C. Johnson Miss Mary A. Abele eta A
MEMBERSHIP Ms. Mary L. Johnson Mr. C. E. Bailey, III a Pda Ven fisel
NOVEMBER 1975 GA he eae Mrs. Helen E. Baird Miss Ersull Vevier
Mr./Mrs. K. N. Kermes Miss Marjorie Bandy M H J Vi jeans
Mr./Mrs. Tedd H. Kimelman Mrs. Robert L. Brereton ie st a head
Mr./Mrs. John P. Maguire Mr./Mrs. Minoru Kimizuka Miss Dorothy M. Byars 4s An w ra oF
Mr./Mrs. Kenneth Kraeger Miss Jean Canfield ag a e if 7”
Mr./Mrs. Paul W. Lashly Mr. Ta-Pei Cheng Mr FE 5 Wh oon " m
NEW FAMILY Mr./Mrs. H. Greig Lindner Miss Patricia B. Connors Mr Cra Wolf vs
Mr./Mrs. George E. Lister Miss Margaretta J. Darnall ba
MEMBERSHIPS Mr./Mrs. caldera ao Mrs. John O. Dozier
Dr./Mrs. Roger Me Mrs. Roy H. Eberhart, II
NOVEMBER 1975 Mr./Mrs. James E. Mesnier Ms. Emily K. Fast INCREASE IN
Mr./Mrs. John Mohart, Jr. Mr. Donald H. Gastorf MEMBERSHIP
Mr./Mrs. David H. Adolphsen Mr./Mrs. Ralph B. Morris Mrs. Fred Geyer IBUTIONS
Mr./Mrs. Thomas F. Aleto Mr./Mrs. Ray W. Mullins Ms. Beth Goyer CONTRIBU
Mr./Mrs. Donald Bachman Drs. Paul and Nancy Patchem Mrs. John P. Gratz NOVEMBER 1975
Mr./Mrs. Charles J. Bachmann Mr./Mrs. James W. Peters Mrs. R. E. Grissinger
Mr./Mrs. R. Baer Mr./Mrs. Warren Pouyer Mrs. Genevieve Hall SUSTAINING
Mr./Mrs. Armand Bouligny Mr./Mrs. Howard R. Presser Miss Linda Herzig
Dr./Mrs. Richard V. Bradley Mr./Mrs. George A. Riddle Ms. Sheila Hill
Misses Joan and Mary Brucker Mr. Don J. Riehn Mr. Don F. Hoffmann Mrs. Richard A. Bullock
Mr./Mrs. Paul A. Bruening Mr./Mrs. H. J. Schall Mr. David L. Hutchison Mr./Mrs. Eugene Johanson
Mr./Mrs. W. Evans Crosby Mr./Mrs. George Schelling Mrs. Berkley Jones Mr./Mrs. Shea Smith, Ill
Mr. Jodie M. Davis Mr./Mrs. Edward H. Schroeder Mrs. Carole Kassouf
Mr./Mrs. Robert K. Davis Mr./Mrs. Eugene Schuchart Mrs. Walter Knox FAMILY
Mr./Mrs. Paul E. Dickinson Dr./Mrs. H. R. Senturia Ms. Barbara Lee
Mr./Mrs. Frederick Dierker Mr./Mrs. Lewis Shilane Miss Linda Susan Lewis
Mr./Mrs. Adelbert A. Francis II Mr./Mrs. Oliver Siegmund Miss Virginia L. Lindau Dr./Mrs. Walter Baumgarten, Jr.
Mrs. Estelle Fritsche Mr./Mrs. Carl R. Simpson Sr. Julia Mahoney Mr./Mrs. Leo J. Berkman
Mr /Mrs Stan Gaa Mr./Mrs. Buford D. Smith Mrs. Jack R. Mandel Mr./Mrs. William H. Charles
Mr./Mrs. Louis J. Garr, Jr Dr./Mrs. Dixie E. Snider, Jr. Mrs. David B. McDougal, Jr. Dr./Mrs. W. M. Fogarty
Mr. Steven H. Garten Mr./Mrs. George H. Stroud Miss Bernice McGhee Mr./Mrs. Warren Handel
Mr./Mrs. George S. Gilley Mr./Mrs. Louis Szewczuk Mr. Lawrence W. Price III Mrs. C. S. Newhard

NOVEMBER TRIBUTES

In Honor of Mr./Mrs. Ellis Littmann In Memory of Irene Kramer Halsband Mr./Mrs. Harvey D. Johnson

Anniversary Mr./Mrs. William N. Chambers Samuel and Barbara Murphy

Mrs. Morris Glik

; In Memory of Mr. Charles L. Henne In Memory of Mr. Theodore E. Storkson
in Memory of Patrick Brennan St. Louis Horticultural Society Mr./Mrs. K. M. Aiken
Darlene Gene Thornhill Mrs. Theodore Storkson
a In Memory of Margaret Hood

In Memory of Dr. Edwin Eigel Mr./Mrs. Sam'l C. Davis In Memory of Mrs. Charles Allen Thomas
Dr. Armand D. Fries Beatrice Thake Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom
In Memory of William L. Haarstick In Memory of John William Murphy In Memory of Madeline M. Thomas
Mary and Grace Gaines Mr. Arthur M. Branch, Jr. St. Louis Horticultural Society
MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN SECOND-CLASS
2345 Tower Grove Avenue pi
Saint Louis, Missouri 63110

AT ST. LOUIS, MO.

ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED

Missouri
Botanical

Garden
Bulletin

Mediterranean House Opens

The Mediterranean House opened January 10,
during afternoon ceremonies presided over by Garden
Director, Dr. Peter H. Raven. St. Louis Mayor John H.
Poelker cut the ribbon outside the House entrance,
after which guests moved inside for a first look at the
Garden's newest addition.

Other dignitaries included Father Salvatore E.
Polizzi, Associate Pastor of St. Ambrose Catholic
Church and Director, Hill 2000, the Italian American
organization located in the Garden’s neighborhood,
and Mr. Henry C. Colteryahn, Chairman, Horizons
Theme, St. Louis Spirit of '76 Bicentennial Commis-
sion.

For the occasion, cut flowers were specially flown
from the Kirstenbosch Botanic Garden, in Cape
Province, South Africa, one of the five mediterranean
regions of the world.

Sherry and delicacies common to the regions were
served to the 200 attending guests as Dr. Raven noted
the biblical and historic significance of such plants as:
the acanthus which was featured on the Corinthian
columns of Greek architecture, the pomegranate,
which was figured on the coins of the ancient Jewish
state just before it was conquered by the Romans, and
again, on the coins of the modern state of Israel.

Dr. Raven also stressed the House as asym bol of the
resurgence of the St. Louis area, noting that the
building was constructed in 1912 and renovated to its
present beauty.

In presenting to Mr. Colteryahn a sprig of laurel,
symbolic to the Ancients of victory, joy, and the power
of the sun, Dr. Raven linked completion of the Garden's
first Bicentennial project to the celebration of the
nation’s achievements over 200 years.

Other Bicentennial projects are the English
Woodland Garden, to be dedicated May 4, and the
Japanese Garden, to be dedicated in the autumn.

The Mediterranean House is open daily from 9 a.m.
(oD:

Orchids rely on unique strategies to insure pollination and
outcrossing. The cattleya, above, one of the orchids on display at the
Garden, is pollinated by a bee. ‘Disa uniflora’ (top of page) attracts
butterflies.

Annual Orchid Show On View
In Climatron Through March 16

The orchid, one of the strangest and most exotic of
flowers, has endured centuries of uninterrupted
popularity and is a central attraction at the Garden
during the annual Orchid Show, on view now through
March 16.

From opaque blossoms less than a millimeter in
diameter to the familiar purple cattleyas (corsage
variety), orchids, striking in their diversity, will be
featured in the Climatron where the steamy climate
simulates the jungle environs of many orchids.

A tough, exceedingly common plant, the orchid Is
considered a beautiful weed in many parts of the world.
Its reputation as a difficult and temperamental plant”is
unwarranted,” said Marion Pfeiffer, the Garden's chief
orchid grower, who has nurtured the Garden's rare

Continued on next page

7

Volume LXIIl Number 2
February 1976

collection for 28 years.

The Orchidaceae (Orchid family) is an extremely
successful and advanced plant family. With perhaps
30,000 species, it is the largest of flowering plant
families — accounting for nearly a tenth of all the
earth's plants. This year's show will feature over 300
varieties of orchids, many of which are rare and not
known to be cultivated in any other botanical institu-
tion.

Orchids, many of whichare epiphytes (relying onthe
atmosphere rather than soil for water and nutrients),
are found on every continent except Antartica; in high
mountainous regions as well as in the treetops of
tropical forests. The Lady Slipper, Cypripedium
calceolus, with its pale yellow flowers, iS an orchid
native to Missouri. Another peculiar species from
Western Australia, named Rhizanthella gardneri,
grows and blooms entirely underground.

‘Great Impersonators’

Some of the 1000 orchid plants on view throughout
the Orchid Show are great impersonators in the wild,
depending upon their natural disguises for survival.
One incredible deceiver is the Mediterranean orchid,
Ophrys speculum, whose appearance and scent so
closely mimic a female wasp as to attract its specific
pollinator, the male wasp. While attempting to mate
with the orchid, the male wasp picks up pollen masses
which are eventually deposited on another orchid.

Through millenia of evolutionary refinement, the
fluttering yellow petals of the orchid dancing girl
(Oncidium), resembling butterfly’s wings, enable it to
attract attacking bees for the task of pollination. This
orchid will be on view during the Show. Another
fortunate case of mistaken identity involves the fringed
Australian orchid, Ca/ochilus robertsonii, whose close
resemblance to a caterpillar enables it to attract hungry
wasps searching for caterpillars which are their chief
prey.

Dr. Charles Huckins, curator of tropical plants,
attributed a portion of the orchid’s success throughout
the world to its sophisticated pollinating mechanisms
which insure outcrossing by attracting insects through
a variety of strategies.

‘Strategies of Attraction’

In addition to appearance, orchids also utilize color,
fragrance, and structure to attract pollinators. Insome
instances, the orchid’s lip petal facilitates pollination
by serving as a type of landing platform for the insect.

Still other orchids possess complex traps or mazes
which guide pollinating insects past the plant’s pollen
sacs. Unless pollinated, the plant fails to develop the
millions of minute ovules contained within the Ovary.
After pollination, however, the millions of dustlike
seeds are eventually released and may travel long
distances before coming to rest. After invasion by a
nutrient-rich fungus, the seed begins a five to ten year
growth period culminating in the plant’s first bloom.

Angraecum sesquipedale, the famous orchid which puzzled Charles
Darwin, relies upon a night-flying moth to insure pollination.

A white orchid, native to Madagascar, with a foot-
long spur, attracts night-flying moths which possess a
tongue long enough to extract nectar from the spur’s
extreme tip. In the 19th century, Charles Darwin
predicted the existence of this insect after deducing
that only “some moth with a wonderfully long
proboscis,” capable of reaching the nectar would serve
as the plant’s pollinator. Years later, such a moth was
discovered and fittingly named Xanthopan morgani
praedicta.

Paphiopedilum ‘Rainbow’ is fly-pollinated.

Even before the ancient Greeks first took notice and
named the plant, orchids have Captivated man’s
attention. The Garden’s annual Orchid Show is a
testimony to this fascination and offers a first hand
Opportunity to view the unsurpassed beauty and
mystique of the orchid.

Ann Patrice Ferrigan, Staff Writer

SPRING GARDEN WORKSHOP
ON MARCH 6 AND 7

In response to an increasing demand for information
on gardening projects of a practical nature, a Spring
Garden Workshop will be held in the Floral Display
House, on Saturday, March 6, and Sunday, March 7.
Sessions will be from 11 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. on Saturday
and from noon to 4:30 p.m. on Sunday. Admission for
Garden members is free.

The workshop will provide information ona variety of
topics, including: how and when to prune trees and
shrubs; seed sowing and planting; container growing
of vegetables in limited space areas, and the best
vegetable varieties to grow in St. Louis.

There will be approximately two dozen booths set up
by the Garden staff, horticultural societies, and
commercial gardening firms, where on the spot spring
gardening advice will be given. Director of the
workshop is Robert Dingwall, Chief Horticulturist.

BOXWOOD SOCIETY OF THE MIDWEST BEING FORMED

The Boxwood Society of the Midwest is now being
formed. Membership is open to anyone interested in
learning more about the plant and how to grow it inthe
Midwest.

Headquarters of the new society will be at the
Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue,
St. Louis, Mo. 63110. Many of its activities will be
associated with the Edgar Anderson Memorial Box-
wood Garden to be installed at the Garden with
planting scheduled to begin in 1976.

The society’s first meeting will be held at the Missouri
Botanical Garden in early March of 1976. At this
meeting the organization, purpose and beginning
plans of the society will be outlined. The representative
program will include a presentation of the comprehen-
sive plan of the Edgar Anderson Memorial Boxwood
Garden which was designed by Karl Pettit Ill of Eugene
J. Mackey and Associates in consultation with Mrs.
Harriet R. Bakewell, landscape architect.

Anyone interested in learning more about the society
and in receiving a notice of the founding meeting may
write to either of the following: Mrs. D. Goodrich
Gamble, 23 Bon-Price Terraces, St. Louis, Mo. 63132 or
Mrs. George E. Penhale, 316 Carson Road, Ferguson,
Mo. 63135.

The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is publish-
ed 11 issues per year monthly except August, by the Missouri
Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo.
63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo.

M. P. CRONIN, Editor

SUBSCRIPTION RATES:
$5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign.

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EXHIBIT OF ANTIQUE VALENTINES
AT TOWER GROVE HOUSE THIS MONTH

An exhibit of antique valentines owned by Mr. Edwin
W. Henderson, a nationally known collector, iS on
display during February at Tower Grove House.

The Henderson Collection has never before been
exhibited to the public and the fifty valentines on view
in the first and second floor display cases of the House
date back to the 1840's.

Included in the exhibit are mechanical valentines,
free standing and box valentines, comic (penny
dreadfuls) and sentimental valentines, and booklets of
verse. The greetings, most of them handmade, were
designed and printed chiefly in England, Germany and
the United States.

Current hours for Tower Grove House are from 10
a.m. to 4 p.m. daily and weekends. Admission is free to
Members.

Member of
The Arts and Education
Fund of Greater St.Louis

Gardening in St. Louis

FEBRUARY GARDENING

Plans should now be well under way for what is to
happen in the garden this coming season. Gardens in
public areas will take on renewed significance this
Bicentennial year. Red, white, and blue will be
prominent garden colors and there will be a great
variety of plant material to choose from. Early planning
and ordering will prove profitable. Over 200 new
varieties of plants are being offered this spring but care
should be exercised in choosing the appropriate plant
varieties that will flourish in your garden area.

Early vegetables that prefer cool weather can be
planted outdoors as soon as the soil can be worked.
These include: peas, lettuce, onions, parsley, and
spinach. Flower seeds can also be directly sown if soil
is ready, especially, Shirley poppies, larkspur, sweet
peas, and snapdragons.

Dormant Spray

Dormant spray should be applied beginning this
month when the temperature will not drop below 40
degrees for 24 consecutive hours. Use dormant spray
especially for scale on euonymus and oaks, and for
oyster scale on lilacs. Oil spray should be used only
once a season and container directions should be
followed carefully. Dormant spray does not harm birds.

Chickweed

With warm days this month, the chickweed will be
actively growing; so now is the time to use a
recommended herbicide in order to control the weed
before it sets seed and spreads further. Thin areas in
the lawn may be lightly raked when warm weather
permits and lawn seed applied as grass will grow better
during the cooler, early spring months. A 6-12-12
fertilizer may be applied this month to stimulate the
grass into growth.

Insect Damage

Check house plants for signs of insect damage and
spray if needed. Avoid using fertilizer on house plants
until they show signs of active growth. This is a good
time to repot plants that need it but avoid overwatering
until new roots are well established. Washing leaves
under the shower or with warm milk will remove winter
dust and help your plants get off to a better start.

Orders for vegetable and flower seed should be
placed as soon as possible. Growing mediums and
containers should be prepared and ready when the
time comes to start seed sowing and transplanting
indoors. Do not start seed too early; see that there is
plenty of light to allow seedlings to develop properly.
Low light will cause seedlings to stretch and become

spindly. Feed seedlings with liquid fertilizer but use
caution so as not to burn them.

Geranium cuttings can be made this month. Let the
cuttings lie on a shelf or table fora day so they can heal
over on the cut end before being placed in a rooting
medium. Avoid keeping too wet in the early rooting
stages.

Fruit trees and grapes may be pruned on mild days to
remove excess wood and to shape the plants. Place
orders for new trees if needed and when they arrive,
plant immediately and mulch well.

Birds

Remember your friends, the birds, and see that
feeders are well stocked as they depend upon this
source of feed to carry them through the cold days to
come.

A point that needs to be stressed often, is the need to
continually improve your growing areas in the garden,
with the use of compost in the form of partially rotted
plant refuse or animal manures. Compost should be
added to the soil after each crop and again in early
spring, when preparing for new planting. If using fresh
animal manure, it should be used more sparingly and
worked well into the soil prior to planting. Animal
manure that has sat outside, in most cases has much of
the nutrients leached out by rain, and therefore can be
used in heavier quantities as it is more like compost.

Plenty of compost inthe soil also means less fertilizer
is needed, and less watering as it holds more moisture.
Lime should not be added on a regular basis, unless
indicated by a soil test. Overliming can raise the P.H. of
the soil (sweeten it) too high, which in turn can cause
some of the elements to be rendered unavailable to the
plants. A soil test should be taken if there is any
question of just what should be added, or on areas
where problems have occurred over the past yearorso.

Soil Samples

In taking soil samples for testing, use a clean trowel,
and, with a plastic container, proceed to the trouble
area. Samples of soil should be taken from several
Spots if the area is fairly large, and should have a
portion of soil removed to at least 6 inches in depth.
The samples should be thoroughly mixed with the
trowel and not your hand, then about one pint should
be placed in a plastic bag. This is placed ina small box,
along with a check for $2.50, made out to the University
of Missouri Extension Division, and mailed to the
Extension Division, 555 South Brentwood, Clayton,
Mo. 63105. Allow 4 to 6 weeks for this service.

Robert Dingwall
Chief Horticulturist

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DR. CROSBY ON EXPEDITION IN SOUTHERN CHILE

Marshall Crosby, Chairman of the Garden's Botany
Department, is in Southern Chile collecting mosses
with Dr. John J. Engel of the Field Museum of Natural
History, Chicago.

The joint expedition, being conducted during
January-February, 1976, is funded by a grant from the
National Geographic Society and concentrates its
collecting activities in the “Valdivian” region which
extends from about 38° south to 48° south. The
mosses and liverworts of this area of Chile have not
been extensively collected, and additional investiga-
tion should uncover many interesting species. Dr.
Crosby will concentrate his efforts on collecting
mosses, while Dr. Engel will concentrate on liverworts.

AFRICAN VIOLET SOCIETY SHOW
TO BE PRESENTED FEBRUARY 28-29

“Violets Salute the Bicentennial” will be the theme of
a two-day flower show sponsored by the Metropolitan
St. Louis African Violet Society.

Varieties of African violets, gesneriads, terrariums,
and artistic plantings will be displayed in the Garden's

MEDITERRANEAN oe OPENING
yg 1 Ao

Proceeds From Sale of J.A.C.L. Cookboo
Will Benefit Japanese Garden

The Japanese American Citizens League cookbook,
titled Nisei Kitchen, has been reprinted a second time
because of its popularity and is now available at the
Garden Gate Shop.

The League’s Board of Directors has announced that
the major portion of proceeds from the sale will be
donated to the Japanese Garden as part of the
League’s endeavor to preserve Japanese heritage and
culture for future generations.

Priced at $4.50, Nisei Kitchen is a compilation of
Japanese and Chinese recipes along with an ex-
planatory text of Oriental food customs and menus.

Floral Display House, Saturday, February 28, 2-5 p.m.,
and Sunday, February 29, 9 a.m. — 5 p.m. Society
members will be present during the show to answer
questions and leaf cuttings from many of the ribbon-
winning plants will be available for sale.

The Plant Shop, located in the Floral Display House,
will also be featuring violets and related gesneriads for
purchase.

Garden’s Orchid Collection Among Topics
At Plant Conservation Conference,
Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, England

The role of Botanic Gardens in providing appropriate
environments for endangered plant species was
among the topics covered at a NATO-sponsored Plant
Conservation Conference held at the Royal Botanic
Garden, Kew, England, in September, 1975. The
Missouri Botanical Garden orchid collection was a part
of a paper delivered at the Conference.

Since it is becoming more and more difficult to
conserve vegetation in its natural habitat, an increasing
burden and challenge falls to Botanic Gardens to
preserve and cultivate rare and endangered plant
species.

Paper Presented By Dr. Raven

Papers presented during the week-long Conference
which was attended by 150 botanists, horticulturists,
and Botanic Garden administrators, related to this
general theme such as: The Global Problem of
Conservation; Botanic Gardens and Public Education;
and Techniques of Plant Cultivation (including a paper
by Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden Director, who par-
ticipated in the Conference).

An area critical to the task of conservation is that of
documentation or indexing of plant collections. Unless
individual plants are systematically recorded, it is
impossible for Botanic Gardens to evaluate their
collections for the purposes of cultivation, exchange,
and conservation of rare and endangered species.

Dr. Matthias Hofmann, a delegate from Konstangz,
Germany, presented a research paper which illustrated
one such computerized indexing system for a special
group — the Orchidaceae (Orchid family). Data for
some 17,000 orchid specimens was collected from 55
institutions, the Missouri Botanical Garden among
them.

Index of Cultivated Plants

In order to maximize the potentialities of Botanic
Gardens in conservation, says Dr. Hofmann, “it is
necessary to know which species are already in
cultivation and how frequently a particular species is
cultivated in order to rationally assess which species
should be provided with costly culture-places. With
this information, one can prepare an index of cultivated
plants that can be compared with a list of threatened
plants in order to determine which species ought to be
brought into living plant collections.”

Dr. Hofmann’s computerized index system allows
the computer to answer such questions as: the names
of species cultivated in a particular collection; and
which collection contains species not cultivated
elsewhere.

Cattleya bowringiana f. alba, one of 105 rare species of orchid
cultivated at the Missouri Botanical Garden.

Included in the Hofmann study were 700 known
species cultivated at Missouri Botanical Garden, of
which 105 are found at no other institution in the study.
One such species is Cattleya bowringiana f. alba (see
photo). The “alba,” or white form of this orchid is
extremely rare, being a pure Opaque white with a
delicately colored yellow and lavender throat. This
plant was found in 1971, in Belize, Central America, by
Dr. Aspinwall. Being a zoologist, he did not distinguish
it from several other “common” orchids which he
donated to the Garden. Only after it came into flower,
was it discovered to be such a special addition.

Just as we have been able to document our
collection of orchids included inthe Hofmann study, in
recent years dramatic progress has been made in
recording our other collections so that we may
participate more fully in such critical conservation
efforts.

We have, for example, been able to index the 1250
different taxa in the Climatron, the materials in all other
completed glass houses, several hardy plant nurseries
(containing materials newly-introduced from Japan)
and are now completing the recording of the grounds
collection.

As Dr. Hofmann points out, with this kind of
knowledge it will be possible to economically plan
conservation oriented collections in Botanic Gardens
throughout the world and thereby have substantial
reason to hope for an increased ability to preserve and
maintain plants of scientific and aesthetic value.

Judith Huhn, Plant Recorder

DR. HENRY ANDREWS RETIRES

Dr. Henry Nathaniel Andrews, former Paleobotanist
at the Garden and Dean of the Henry Shaw School of
Botany at Washington University, recently retired from
academic life at the University of Connecticut, where,
for the past 10 years he headed the University’s
Department of Botany.

Dr. Andrews came to St. Louis in 1935 after receiving
his B.Sc. degree from the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology. In 1939, he received his doctorate from
Washington University.

While in St. Louis, both Dr. Andrews, and his wife,
Elizabeth (‘Libby’), were active supporters of the
Garden. Visiting scientists and Washington University
students were always welcome at their Webster Groves
home where the Andrews encouraged a relaxed
interchange of ideas.

Dr. Andrews’ reports on his various field trips and
fossil hunting expeditions were among the Garden's
most popular lecture series, usually delivered to
enthusiastic, standing room only audiences.

Mr./Mrs. James Coe
Mr./Mrs. Marcus T. Cohn
Mr./Mrs. Charles F. Cook
Mr./Mrs. Jim Cook

Mr./Mrs. Robert W. Copeland
Mr./Mrs. M. Coric

Mr. Robert C. Corley, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. John E. Curby, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Eugene Cushing
Mr./Mrs. Robert V. Dawson
Mr./Mrs. George E. Deachan

NEW SUSTAINING
MEMBERSHIPS
DECEMBER 1975

Ms. Bonnie Rothe
Mr./Mrs. Robert Sunnen

a

‘Early photograph of Dr. Henry Andrews.

Recently elected to the U.S. National Academy of
Sciences, Dr. Andrews is greatly respected throughout
the country as a preeminent paleobotanist.

The Andrews now reside in Laconia, N.H.

Hugh Cutler, Curator of Useful Plants

Mr./Mrs.
Mr./Mrs.
Mr./Mrs.
Mr./Mrs.
Mr./Mrs.
Mr./Mrs.
Mr./Mrs.
Mr./Mrs.
Mr./Mrs.

Mrs. Da
Mr./Mrs

Carl Langenohl

Carl P. Lay, Jr.

John C. Lee

Eugene A. Leonard
Harry J. Leschen, Jr.
Donald Linke

Donald Litzau
Charles E. H. Luedde
Harrison F. Lyman, Jr.
vid D. Lynch

. Douglas Marshall

NEW CONTRIBUTING
MEMBERSHIPS
DECEMBER 1975

Mr./Mrs. M. Joseph Dee
Mr./Mrs. L. E. Dinsmore
Mr./Mrs. Paul T. Dowling

Mr./Mrs. John Drescher, Jr.

Dr./Mrs. Royal J. Eaton
Mr./Mrs. Ray T. Eddins

Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Maune
Mr./Mrs. LeRoy McCarter
Mr./Mrs. Allen McCollum
Mrs. Nancy K. McCue

Rev./Mrs. D. M. Megahan
Mr./Mrs. Stanley D. Miller

Mr./Mrs. Hal A. Kroeger, Jr.

Mr./Mrs. William B. England
Dr./Mrs. Richard J. Parmley

The Falk Family
Dr./Mrs. Murray E. Finn
Mr./Mrs. John Fischer

Mr./Mrs. Richard E. Fister
NEW FAMILY Mr./Mrs. James G. Forbes
MEMBERSHIPS Mr./Mrs. Nicholas V. Franchot, III

Ms. Alta S. Friese

Mr. Gerald K. Gaus

Mr./Mrs. Kenneth L. Gentsch
Mr./Mrs. Stanley Gifford
Mr./Mrs. Walter Glooschenko
Mr./Mrs. Burton Greenberg
Mr. W. M. Hall

Mr. Gene P. Haltenhof
Mr./Mrs. Everett R. Hamilton
Mr./Mrs. Samuel F. Harrison
Mr./Mrs. Crawford T. Hawkins
Mr./Mrs. John M. Hayes
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Mr./Mrs. Richard D. Highcock
Mr./Mrs. D. James Hoeferlin
Mr./Mrs. James B. Hutchings
Mr./Mrs. Keith Jermane
Dr./Mrs. Harold Joseph
Mr./Mrs. Mel Kaiser

Ms. Joan E. Kaseberg

DECEMBER 1975

Mr./Mrs. Daniel Achord
Mr./Mrs. C. Howard Adams
Mr./Mrs. Edmund T. Allen
Mr./Mrs. Fred Allen, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Royce Anderson
Mr./Mrs. J. C. Armstrong, II!
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Mr./Mrs. Blair G. Balk
Dr./Mrs. Jack Barrow

Dr. Anthony Berni

Mr./Mrs. Hugh A. Bevirt
Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Blanke, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. George S. Blackmore
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Mr./Mrs. Anthony G. Kassos, Jr.

Mr./Mrs. Rembert W. LaBeaume, Jr.

Mr./Mrs
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Mr. Mic
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Mr./Mrs
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Mrs. Lill
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Mrs. M.

. Donald K. Morgan
. John R. Moulton
hael Mount

. Leonard Newmark
. Paul Newsham

. John G. Nolle

. Ronald O'Reilly

. Lonnie Overton

. Richard C. Palm
neth J. Peterson

. Leonard D. Peterson
. J. Richard Pinter

. Michael J. Puricelli
. Homer M. Rapp

. Richard A. Rapp

. Canice T. Rice

y M. Richards

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. J. Hugh Roger

. Albert J. Romeril, Jr.
. Joseph Rulo

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Schmelig

Mrs. Florence Schmidt

Mr./Mrs

Mr./Mrs.
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Mr./Mrs

. E. Ray Schulte
Walter J. Schuster
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Roger A. Splean

_ A.W. Steinman

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Dr./Mrs. John Waite

Mr./Mrs. Floyd C. Wallace
Mr./Mrs. Jackson D. Waterburg, II
Mr./Mrs. C. A. Watson, II
Miss Monica Weinharat

Ms. Kathy Whittenberger and Husband
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Mr. Mark Zigrang

NEW INDIVIDUAL
MEMBERSHIPS
DECEMBER 1975

Mr. Jon Allison

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Mr. A. Robert Belscher
Miss Libby Black

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Miss Henrietta Brocksmith
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Mrs. Martha Eise

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Mrs. Anne E. Forry
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Miss Helen F. Parker
Miss Patricia Pickett

Mrs. Teresa Pingel

Miss Marian Prendergast
Mrs. Florence Queen

Mrs. Martin Quigley

Mrs. Vi Ramspott

Rev. David E. Rauch

Miss Janice Red

Mrs. Jean Reed

Miss Judith C. Richter
Miss Dorothy A. Romberg
Mrs. Robert R. Russell

Mrs. Ruby Schroeder
Mrs. Ted Schwartz
Mrs. Richard Sisson
Ms. Annie Laurie Smith

Miss Melinda F. Stanley

Mrs. Marliese Storck
Miss Harriet M. Stout
Miss Gail S. Thoenes
Mr. Steven Thurn
Miss June M. Tierney
Miss Sally Van Brunt
Ms. Clara J. Voss
Miss Julia M. Watson
Mrs. Inez Wendt

Mrs. Minnie Wendt
Dr. Russell C. Wheeler

INCREASE IN
MEMBERSHIP
CONTRIBUTIONS
DECEMBER 1975

SPONSORING
Mr./Mrs. David R. Smith

SUSTAINING

Mrs. Charlotte Ballmann
Mr./Mrs. John Brodhead, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Duncan Dorris
Mr./Mrs. Norman H. Klayman
Mr. Harry W. Kroeger

CONTRIBUTING

Ms. Lyn Eggert

Miss Barbara C. Eiftman
Mr./Mrs. P. N. Hirsch

Mr. James L. Sloss, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Cornelius F. Stueck

FAMILY

Mrs. Kenneth A. Baker
Mr./Mrs. Andrew R. Coultas
Mr./Mrs. Harry A. Grossmann
Mr. John W. Neal

Mr./Mrs. James F. Pieper
Mr./Mrs. Peter A. Postol
Mr./Mrs. Albert N. Riley

Drs. Ray and Dolores Wolff

In Honor of Mrs. Joseph Kendes Birthday
Mrs. Meyer Levy

In Honor of Ellis Littmann Birthday
Elsie S. Glick

In Honor of Mrs. R. E. Soden
Mr./Mrs. Wm. A. Kuhn

In Memory of W. R. (Bill) Bendy
Sylva Bendy

In Memory of Mrs. Blanche M. Cornelius
Mr. Julius N. Frankel

Betty Jane Scott

Miss Anne Whippo

In Memory of Cousin
Jules and Margie Berg

In Memory of Gretchen K. Eloer
Julia E. Hershey

In Memory of Mr. Robert McClung Johnson
Violet Taylor

In Memory of Mr. James Lear
Mrs. Jackson J. Shinkle

In Memory of Dr. Joseph Lembeck
Flora Place Garden Club
Mrs. Irl G. Tremain

DECEMBER TRIBUTES

In Memory of Mr. Dan Lewis
Alma Reitz

In Memory of Mrs. William Magoon
Clayton Garden Club #1

In Memory of Mrs. Lucy Smith Mason
Mrs. John D. McCutcheon

In Memory of Mrs. Walter R. Mayne
Mr./Mrs. Joseph W. White

In Memory of Mr. Henry D. Miller
Mrs. E. S. Mallinckrodt

In Memory of Ray Mueller
Paddock Hills Garden Club

In Memory of Leo H. Nold
Mr./Mrs. A. Sherwood Lee

In Memory of Mr. Russell H. Riley
Mr./Mrs. William Anderson

Mr./Mrs. Claire Avis

Mr./Mrs. Scott Cantine

Mr. Charles P. Clayton

Mr./Mrs. John |. Cofer, HI

Mr. John M. Crane

Mr./Mrs. Eldridge Lovelace

Mr./Mrs. Robert C. Simonds

Harland Bartholomew and Associates

In Memory of Mr. Adolph H. Rosenberg
Mr./Mrs. Meyer Levy

In Memory of Mr. Norman E. Schaumburg
Mrs. Norman Schaumburg

In Memory of Estella (Stella) Schmidt
Mr./Mrs. Edward Heickelbech

In Memory of Mr. Geo. F. Schwenk
(Grandfather)
Penelope S. Billman

In Memory of Mr. Sydney Shoenberg, Sr.
Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom
Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr.

In Memory of C. Jackson Spalding
Dogwood Garden Club

In Memory of Sgt. Joseph B. Thomas, Jr.
Dr. Peter H. Raven
Mr. Tom K. Smith, Jr.

In Memory of Mr. Thomas M. Webster
Mr./Mrs. Harry Wuertenbaecher, Jr.

In Memory of Mr. Kelton E. White
Mr. Sam’! C. Davis

In Memory of Mr. Jonn G. Woods
Mrs. E. S. Mallinckrodt

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

2345 Tower Grove Avenue
Saint Louis, Missouri 63110

SECOND-CLASS
POSTAGE

PAID

AT ST. LOUIS, MO.

Missourl
Botanical

Garden
Bulletin

Spring Flower Show Opens
March 20

Annuals, perennials, trees and shrubs of every
description will be on view during the annual Spring
Flower Show beginning March 20 and running through
April 18 in the Floral Display House.

The Members preview party, “Spring Promenade,”
featuring an overview of Spring fashions and spon-
sored by Stix Baer and Fuller Co., will be held Friday,
March 19, from 5:30 to 7:30 p.m. During the event
Members and their guests may browse for gifts in the
Garden Gate Shop and the Plant Shop, where primrose
and other spring flowers will be available for purchase.

Among the featured attractions at the show this year
will be arose garden containing 40 different varieties of
tree roses and hybrid tea roses, ranging in color from
white to deep maroon.

In addition, Jim Rhodes, greenhouse superinten-
dent, reports that large displays of hyacinths, tulips
and daffodils will be intermixed with flowering Kwan-
zan, Quince, Almond and Dogwood.

Prairie Tour Scheduled
By Arboretum

A two day “Spring Prairie Tour’ will be conducted
May 8 and 9 in the vicinity of El Dorado Springs, Mo.,
where several excellent prairie ranges are located. The
tour, presented by the Garden’s Arboretum, is the first
of an anticipated series of short natural history
expeditions to interesting locales within Missouri.

Scheduled stops on the tour include asunrise visit to
the Taberville Prairie “booming” grounds to view the
spectacular mating display of the prairie chickens.

Tour participants will leave St. Louis by bus on
Saturday morning and return by 9:00 p.m. Sunday
evening. Cost for Members is $32 and includes
transportation, lodging, and three meals. Payment in
advance is necessary to hold reservations. For further
information, contact Dave Goudy, Arboretum
Superintendent, 772-7600, Sta. 81.

r = me

The magnificent Suwa lantern lends stately presence to the tranquil
setting within the Japanese Garden. The stone lantern Is the gift of
St. Louls’s sister city of Suwa, Japan. In September, 1974, a
delegation from Suwa, which Included the city’s Mayor, Setsuji
Iwamoto, participated In ground breaking ceremonies at the
Japanese Garden.

Spring Lecture Series

A seven part series of Spring lectures will be
presented during March and April for Garden Members
and their guests. The lectures will be given in the John
S. Lehmann Building auditorium at 10:30 a.m. and 8
p.m. (or as specially indicated).

The presentations will be by Garden staff members
and two special guest lecturers. Mrs. Frances Perry,
member of the Council of the Royal Horticultural
Society, will speak on April 1 and 2. Her lecture is
presented through the efforts of the Garden Club of St.
Louis and the Ladue Garden Club. Dr. John L. Creech,
Director of the United States National Arboretum, will
deliver two separate lectures on April 14.

Continued on next page

Volume LXIV) Number 3
March 1976

Crane Island Dedicated

Crane Island, the second largest of three islands
within the Japanese Garden, was recently dedicated
during afternoon ceremonies attended by 100 guests
including members and officers of the National
Council of State Garden Clubs, and the East Central
District, Federated Garden Clubs of Missouri.

The crane-shaped island was the gift of the East
Central District, an organization composed of 160
garden clubs throughout the St. Louis area. Private
donations by member clubs enabled the East Central
District to contribute $3500 for the development of the
island.

During the ceremonies, held at the National Coun-
cil’s headquarters, 4401 Magnolia Ave., St. Louis, a
plaque commemorating the Island’s dedication was
presented by Mrs. John A. Secrist, president of the East
Central District, to Dr. Peter H. Raven.

In accepting the Island on behalf of the Trustees,
staff and membership, Dr. Raven noted the “close and
long lasting relationship that is at once natural and

Dr. Raven accepting commemorative plaque from Mrs. John A.
Secrist during dedication.

mutually beneficial” between the Garden and the East
Central District.

Dr. Raven said the crane, within Oriental lore, is
symbolic of happiness and good fortune. “Like the
mythical phoenix of legend,” he added, “the rising of
this island within the Missouri Botanical Garden
reflects the resurgence within the community and
heightens out anticipation of the Japanese Garden's
dedication this Autumn as a Bicentennial event.”

Designer Koichi Kawana’s sketch of Crane Island.

LECTURES: FROM PAGE ONE

Following is the complete schedule:
Wednesday, March 24 — 8:00 p.m.

“South African Flora”’

(accompanied by film,

“‘On The Third Day’’)

Dr. Peter Goldblatt,

B. A. Krukoff Curator of
African Botany

Missouri Botanical Garden

Thursday, April 1 — 8:00 p.m.
and

Friday, April 2 — 10:30 a.m.
“The Two Way Switch: The
English Influence on American Gardens and
the American Influence on English Gardens”
Frances Perry, Member, Council of the
Royal Horticultural Society, England

Wednesday, April 7 — 8:00 p.m.

“Gardens of Imperial Russia’
Tamra Engelhorn Raven

Mugho and anal anes atop the Island measuring 120’ x 75’.

Wednesday, April 14 — 10:30 a.m.
“Exploring For Plants”
Dr. John L. Creech, Director,
United States National Arboretum
Washington, D.C.

Wednesday, April 14 — 8:00 p.m.
“Botanical Gardens and Botany in China”’
Dr. John L. Creech

Wednesday, April 21 — 8:00 p.m.
“The Mountain Gorilla: Nutrition and Habitat”’
Dr. William D’Arcy, Research Botanist,
Missouri Botanical Garden

Wednesday, April 28 — 8:00 p.m.
“Our Vanishing Flora’
Dr. Peter H. Raven, Director,
Missouri Botanical Garden

Trustees Approve New Garden Fees,

Expanded Membership At $25

The Board of Trustees, at its January 21st meeting,
approved increases in the Garden’s gate admission
fees, effective March 1. In announcing the increase, Dr.
William M. Klein, Assistant Director, noted that the
development of such new features as the 12-acre
Japanese Garden and Mediterranean House, in
addition to continuous introduction of new plant
specimens and restoration of historical artifacts, have
generated higher maintenance and production costs.

The new gate admission prices are: adults $1.50; and
children 50¢. The new fees represent the first increases
in admission since April, 1972.

Membership Changes

Changes in the annual memberships to the Garden,
designed to reflect the increased benefits and services
to Garden Members, have also been approved. The $25
membership category has been expanded and will
include admission privileges for two individual adults
and accompanying children under age 21.

The Board of Trustees also has announced the
creation of two new annual support levels: Directors
Associates, $500; and Henry Shaw Associates, $1,000.

MEMBERS
E
M
O

Mark your calendars now! On August 26, a special
Bicentennial tour for Garden Members will travel the
“Colonial America” trail. Again, as last year, the
arrangements will be operated by Tauck Tours. For
those Members familiar with Tauck no explanation of
the quality of their operation is needed — for those of
you unaware of Tauck, it is, in simple terms, the finest
tour operation in the United States. The itinerary
includes: New York; Philadelphia (including a stop at
fabulous “Longwood Gardens”); Annapolis;
Jamestown: Williamsburg; and Washington D.C. The
group will return to St. Louis on September 2.

Due to the immense popularity of last year’s Tauck
Tour to New England and Eastern Canada, we urge you
to obtain full information (telephone 314-567-9811 and
ask for the Travel Service) regarding reservation
procedures, deposits, etc. just as soon as possible.

This trip will be outstanding in every way. Don’t miss
an opportunity to see the historic landmarks of our
country at such an appropriate time.

Sally Schiller
Executive Secretary
Members of the Garden

Line drawing of historic Linnaean House /s reproduced on note cards
which are on sale at the Garden Gate Shop.

Garden Gate Shop Spring Line

The new Spring line of gifts at the Garden Gate Shop
has arrived and includes such unique items as bonsai
gardening tools, from $8 to $18, indoor coldframes,
priced at $10, and paperweights of dried flowers or
miniature bouquets in acrylic blocks, priced from $8 to
$125.

The Shop is also abloom with an expanded selection
of garden scene watercolors, framed wildflower prints,
and single flower sketches which are available in many
colors and styles, ranging in price from $8 to $40.

New varieties of stationery and note cards are in
good supply, including every day notes by St. Louis
artist James Riddle, which depict the Garden's
Linnaean (Camellia) House. Riddle has been acclaim-
ed for his line drawings of historic St. Louis homes and
landmarks. The Linnaean notes are printed in green
and priced at $3 for a packet of 10. Members receive a
10 percent discount on all purchases.

Sets of glasses and dessert plates, cache-pots,
wrapping paper and ribbons are decorated with a
variety of floral and garden patterns. Dyed and natural
colored straw baskets, from $35 up, are now on sale ata
50 percent discount.

The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is publish-
ed 11 issues per year monthly except August, by the Missouri
Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo.
63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo.

M. P. CRONIN, Editor

SUBSCRIPTION RATES:
$5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign.

The December, 1975 issue of The Missouri Botanical
Garden completed Volume LXIII. The issues of January and
February, 1976, are Number 1 and Number 2 of Volume LXIV.
This issue, March, 1976, is Number 3 of Volume LXIV.

Gardening in St. Louis

MARCH GARDENING

Outdoor garden activities start back into full swing
this month as the weather turns warm. It is important
not to remove mulches too soon; invariably, as the
month progresses, it will become extremely cold so
mulches should be leftin place until all danger of heavy
frost is past. Pruning of roses should not be done until
the middle of next month. We all recall the severe late
frost, two years ago, which killed many plants. Much of
the damage could have been avoided if mulch had been
left in place.

Tree and Shrub Planting

Planting of trees, shrubs and roses can begin as soon
as the ground can be worked. The earlier bare root
Stock goes in, the better. Cool vegetable crops should
go in as early as the ground can be worked. Many of
these were planted at the end of last month. Cool
vegetable plants started indoors should be hardened
off 7 to 8 days prior to planting outdoors permanently.
Protect them from the sun the first day or two by
shading them with newspaper or with shingles.

Garden Clean Up

Cleaning up the garden is important; the removal of
all dead debris that accumulated late last year and the
removal of weeds (especially chickweed which was
growing actively earlier) should be complete before the
seeds have a chance to reinfect the ground again.

Vegetables and annuals which will not stand frost
may be started from seed indoors 6 to 8 weeks before
planting outside. Mid-March is a good time to start
many of these. Be sure that your containers are clean
and that you use a special prepared mix that is weed
and disease free. Seedlings should be kept ina uniform
temperature of 70 to 75 degrees and given as much
light as possible as soon as they start to germinate. If
growing under artificial light, see that the plants are
kept as close to the light as possible to prevent
stretching.

Most vegetables and annuals which are started
indoors are ready for transplanting from the seed pan
approximately two weeks after sowing.

Dormant oil sprays should be applied immediately if
not already used by this time. These sprays should go
on before the buds have a chance to swell. No other
material is needed other than the dormant oil itself. Itis
important to spray the plants thoroughly to the point of
runoff. This is not harmful to your soil, your animals, or
to human beings but is instrumental in eliminating
many of the early spring insects that have been over-
wintering on your trees and shrubs in either egg or
larvae stage.

Geranium Care

Geraniums that were lifted from the garden last fall
and over wintered in the basement or cool sunroom
now need good attention if they are to flower well this
coming season. Plants should be cut back heavily,
replanted into larger containers if needed and watered
increasingly as the plants begin to grow. Once the
plants are growing actively, it is important to feed ona
regular basis with a good liquid fertilizer; follow the
directions carefully on the label and apply every 10 to
12 days.

Old plants, if growing actively, can have cuttings
taken from them. Cuttings of geraniums should be
allowed to sit on the table for 24 hours before putting
into the rooting medium. They will root more
successfully this way. Once the plants are rooted 12 to
14 days, pot up ina light growing mediums, and place
where they get plenty of light. You should have good
flowering plants in 4 inch pots by mid-May.

Containers for outdoor plants should be prepared
now before you are too busy. Many of the containers
will need repainting and cleaning after last year’s use.

Lawn Work

This is the ideal time for lawn work. Refer back to
earlier Bulletins from previous years to see that lawn
areas are cleaned up, redug, plenty of organic matter
worked in and sown with good seed. Most grasses do
best in cool weather so the earlier your seeds are
planted, the earlier your lawn will become established.
Keep the soil moderately moist until the seed is well
germinated as this is essential. Use lime sparingly and
only if soil tests indicate that it is needed. Over liming
can be harmful to your grass. Applying once every
three to four years is usually sufficient for best results.

Under trees, and semi-shaded areas where it has
been difficult to grow grass, you might consider
eliminating the grass and coming in with ground
covers which are much easier to maintain and require
considerably less work.

In selecting vegetable seed for the first time, make
Sure that the varieties selected are of hybrid vigor
indicated by an F; following the variety and also that
they are as disease resistant as possible; this is
particularly important with tomatoes here in the St.
Louis area.

Avoid pruning spring flowering shrubs until after
flowering. Buds are already formed and if pruned early,
you will not have the bloom this spring. Late summer
flowering shrubs should be pruned before new growth
commences as the buds are formed on the current
season's growth.

Robert Dingwall
Chief Horticulturist

Near Extinct Plant in Climatron

Lebronnecia, one of the Garden’s many botanic
rarities, is now well established in the Climatron,
having already attained a height of some 15 inches.
Seeds of the near-extinct Lebronnecia were first
brought to the Garden in 1974 from Tahiti. Here, they
were easily germinated although on many occasions
showed signs of mortality.

The plant was discovered some 45 years ago by an
amateur naturalist named Le Bronnec on the rocky
shore of lva-lva, one of the Marquesas Islands in the
South Pacific Ocean. Ten years ago, the site was
revisited and alarmingly, only one fragile tree plus
some seedlings remained. In an effort to save the
species, seeds were transported to Tahiti where, with
care, they yielded a single tree which bore fruit.

LEBRONNECIA Is now well established In the Northern section of
the Climatron.

Scientists first assumed Lebronnecia to bea member
of the Malvaceae family which includes cotton, okra,
and hibiscus. Le Bronnec, himself, had called the plant
by its native name meaning “white hibiscus.” However,
closer examination showed the plant to be unlike any
other known malvaceous plant. Its leaves resemble
those of some widespread mallow trees found on
tropical seacoasts while its anthers have more pollen
sacs than most members of the Malvaceae, which may
mean that this plant is one of the ancient ancestors
from which modern cotton, hollyhock and other
malvaceous plants arose.

The two American botanists who first described the
plant, named it after its discoverer, Le Bronnec.
Although considerable effort has gone into describing
the plant’s salient features, there is much more work to
be done before the history and relationships of this

Sten Feat A Benet Rema

EXTERIOR, (LANDSCAPING f

gopcats fnewas b V
Le j bd

Gone

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Garden’s Chief Horticulturist
Accepts Interior Landscape Award

Robert J. Dingwall, Chief Horticulturist, recently
received an honorable mention award from the Men's
Garden Clubs of America in their Annual Beautifica-
tion Contest, for the Missouri Botanical Garden's
interior planting of the Equitable Building in St. Louis.

Entries to the Clubs’ Interior Landscaping category
were judged by a national panel composed of
landscape architects, architects, and interior
designers. The Garden’s project, which Mr. Dingwall
directed, was entered into competition by the Webster
Groves Men's Garden Club.

Mr. Dingwall has been a member of the Garden's
staff since 1969. He writes the “Gardening in St. Louis”
section of the Bulletin, acolumn for the St. Lou/s Globe
Democrat, and frequently interprets the Garden's
horticultural services on metropolitan area radio and
television stations.

Mr. Dingwall has been a consultant to workshops at
the Garden and other national botanical institutions,
and he teaches courses here and at Washington
University. He has authored booklets on pesticides and
articles on various horticultural subjects in national
publications.

rarity are understood. Because Lebronnecia is nearing
extinction on the remote island where it occurs, the
possibility of seeing and studying the living material in
St. Louis is of considerable interest to the scientific
community. Its showy, inch-long, whitish flowers
should also be a welcome attraction in the Climatron
for years to come.

William G. D'Arcy
Research Botanist

Art Restoration at the Garden: An Ongoing Commitment

Visitors to the Lehmann Building may have noticed
that the portrait of Dr. George Engelmann, Henry
Shaw's scientific advisor, is missing. Until recently, the
portrait had been on display near the Director's Office.
This painting is the first of several in the Garden’s
possession to be cleaned and restored by the firm of
Kennedy and Stow as part of the Garden’s continued
commitment to the preservation of the countless
important materials in its collections.

Extreme care must be taken during the entire

After visual examination of the painting, Ellen
Kennedy tests the paint and varnish layers
with solvents to determine the best method of
The portrait is an oil painting on canvas, glued Cleaning.
to a piece of cardboard with a high acid
content. This photograph, taken under raking
light, reveals cracks in the paint layer caused
by improper adhesion of the canvas to the
cardboard backing, and by a century of
fluctuating temperature and humidity levels.

process of art conservation. Frequently several months
of intensive effort are required before a painting is
Suitably restored. A later issue of the Bulletin will show
the final results of the work presently in progress onthe
Engelmann portrait. Anyone wishing to donate toward
this vital project is invited to contact either the Director,
Dr. Peter H. Raven, or Head Librarian, James R. Reed.
Contributions to this project are tax deductible.
Following is a photographic essay of this important
work.

> es,
S* Georve Cnagel mannd bus

Under ultraviolet light, the area which has
been cleaned appears as an L-shape in upper
left hand corner of the portrait. The dark
blemishes on the face of the painting and
elsewhere are indications of previous repair.

In order to protect the painted surface while The Japanese tissue is applied to the face of The lower two-thirds of the painting has now

removing the cardboard backing, Cynthia _ the painting.
Stow prepares Japanese tissue which will be
adhered to the face of the painting.

been protected by a layer of Japanese tissue.
Once this layeris complete, the picture will be
ready to be turned over so that the cardboard
backing can be removed.

Gardening advice and answers are given by the experts. From left,
front row is: Cliff Rhodes, Peter Wilder, Silas Dietz, Charlie Walter,
Ed Gildehaus, and John Brown. Second row, from left is: Dan
O’Gorman, J. C. Horner, Paul Kohl, Son Fesler, and Fred Galen.
Members of the Horticultural Answering Service not pictured
include: Herbert Mussler, Payson Derby, Oliver Wagner, and Eugene
Kessler.

EXPANDED HORTICULTURAL ANSWERING SERVICE

Volunteer work for the Garden is an extremely
diverse and entertaining activity. A good example of
such volunteer activity is the Horticultural Answering
Service which provides horticultural information to
thousands of callers each month.

Obviously, such a job requires experienced gar-
deners, well versed in horticultural matters, who enjoy
sharing their knowledge with others. The job is
currently being done by a dedicated group of six men.
Paul Kohl, a long time horticulturist on the Garden
staff, heads the group and is assisted by volunteers
Fred Galen, Son Fesler, Cliff Rnodes, J. C. Horner, and
Dan O’Gorman.

With the increased interest in gardening and plant
culture, the Garden has found it necessary to increase
the number of volunteers available to answer
questions. During the past three months, ten men
attended weekly training sessions. These were
organized by John Brown, who is both a volunteer and
staff member. Through his apt guidance, these men are
now well prepared and eagerly awaiting calls.

The Horticultural Answering Service is at the heart of
the Garden’s basic aim: to spread greater knowledge
and interest in growing things throughout our area.

Carol Taxman
Chairman of Volunteers

Member of
The Arts and Education
Fund of Greater St.Louis

TWO ART EXHIBITS IN LEHMANN BUILDING

An exhibit of drawings and paintings of the plants
and scenes at the Missouri Botanical Garden is on
display inthe John S. Lehmann Building lobby through
March 12. The exhibit consists of works by students
enrolled in the Honors Arts Program of St. Louis Public
School District.

An exhibit of wildflower photographs by Warren
Lammert will be on display in the Lehmann Building
lobby, from March 22 to April 16. Mr. Lammert has had
previous exhibits in the St. Louis area anda selection of
his photographs comprise a part of the Garden's
permanent art collection. Display hours for both
exhibits are 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday through Friday.

Garden Briefs

A Spring Herb Sale will be held during the last week
of April in the Garden's Plant Shop. Growing and
potted herb plants, suitable for outdoor herb gardens
as well as many culinary uses, will be available for
purchase during the sale. Further details will appear in
the April Bulletin.

The first of four 1976 Members events scheduled at
the Arboretum will be a preview of the new Wilderness
Wagon tour and walks in the Pinetum area with John
Elsley, Curator of Hardy Plants, on Saturday, April 10.
The Pinetum, a collection of conifers from around the
world, is landscaped muchas an English Garden and is
expected to be in full daffodil bloom.

Robert Dingwall will moderate a KSD radio program
on the Missouri Botanical Garden and gardening in St.
Louis. The program, titled “Exploring St. Louis”, will be
aired at 10:02 p.m., the first Sunday of each month.

The St. Louis Herb Society has reissued its popular
cookbook which is a compilation of over 300 favorite
recipes of Herb Society members. Priced at $4, the
cookbook is now on sale at the Garden Gate Shop.

A companion publication, entitled “Lore and Legend
of Great Culinary Herbs and Spices,” is also available
at the Garden Gate Shop and is priced at $1.50. Profits
from the sale of both books directly benefit the Garden.

On his first visit to the Missouri Botanical Garden, Dr.
Jacob Galil, Director of the Botanical Garden at the
University of Tel Aviv, planted a young henna tree,
native to Israel, in the Mediterranean House. The
ceremony, symbolic of cooperation between the two
botanical centers, occurred one year after Dr. Raven
had planted a small pine in the Tel Aviv Garden.

The Board of Trustees:

86 Years of Continuing Service

When Henry Shaw's will was probated in 1889, the
first order of business specified in it was the establish-
ment of a governing body to oversee and continue
Shaw's efforts to create an outstanding botanical
garden. Since that time, the Garden’s Board of
Trustees has conscientiously followed the dictates of
Mr. Shaw’s will, and has devoted countless years of
effort to the maintenance and improvement of the
Garden in all its aspects. It is because of the dedication
of the Trustees to the specifications of Shaw's will that
the Garden has been able to develop such outstanding
features as the Climatron, the John S. Lehmann
Building, the Arboretum and Nature Reserve at Gray
Summit, and the new Japanese Garden. The consistent
high quality of the Garden’s indoor and outdoor plant
displays, scientific research programs, and diverse
educational activities can be attributed in large
measure to the tireless dedication of the Board of
Trustees.

Over the years, the names on the list of Board
members read as aroster of some of the most generous
benefactors of the Garden — John S. Lehmann, whose
name is memorialized both in the new rose garden and
in the herbarium, library and education building; A.
Wessel Shapleigh, whose family has donated the
memorial fountain at the northeast end of the South
Rose Garden. Dr. George J. Engelmann, whose father
served as Henry Shaw's scientific advisor; and
countless others.

Nor would any discussion of the Board of Trustees
be complete without mentioning the role of the various

Presidents of the St. Louis School Board, the
Chancellors of Washington University, the Mayors of
the City of St. Louis, the Presidents of the Academy of
Science of St. Louis, and the Bishops of the Episcopal
Diocese of Missouri, all of whom serve, as specified in
Henry Shaw's will, as ex-officio members of the Board.

It is with a profound sense of gratitude that we take
this opportunity to salute the dedicated individuals
who have served, and are now serving in the role of
policy-makers and overseers of one of the nation’s
great scientific institutions.

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN
Board of Trustees
Elected Members

Baer, Howard F.
Barksdale, Clarence C.
Bascom, Joseph H.
Blumeyer, Arthur A.
“Branch, Joseph W.
Breck, Daniel

Carter, L. Ray

Catlin, Daniel K.
*Collier, M. Dwight
*“Cunningham, A.D.
Davis, Samuel C.
Davis, Samuel C.
Drake, George S.

Eliot, Edward C.
Engelmann, Dr. George J.
Faust, Leicester Busch

French, Dudley
Glaessner, Oscar E.
Goodson, Richard A.
Hefferman, George F.
Hermann, Robert R.
Hitchcock, George C.
“Hitchcock, Henry
Hitchcock, Henry

Holland, Leonard J.
*“Johnson, Dr. John B.
*Kaime, David F.
“Lackland, Rufus, J.

Lehmann, John S.

Lockwood, Richard J.
*Madill, Judge George A.

1960-
1964-
1971-
1928-30
1889-1903
1927-1932
1928-1952
1926-1964
1889
1889-1917
1920-1940
1960-
1890-1895
1903-1928
1889-1895
1954-1973

Honorary, 1973-

1937-1960
1926
1965-1971
1932-1934
1966-
1903-1947
1889-1902
1947-1974

Honorary, 1974-

1965-1971
1889-1903
1889-1910
1889-1909
1941-1965

Honorary, 1965-1967

1941-1959
1889-1901

Maffitt, P. Chouteau
Maffitt, Thomas S.
Mallinckrodt, Edward
Matthews, Leonard
Meyer, A.C.F.
Miller, Charles F.
Moore, George T.
Morey, Richard
Norvell, Saunders
Orthwein, William R.
Otto, Robert W.
Perkins, Albert T.
Pettus, Eugene
*Pettus, William H.H.
Pflager, Henry B.
Primm, A. Timon III
Roe, Charles A.
Scanlan, Philip C.
Schlafly, Daniel L.
Shapleigh, A. Wessel
Shapleigh, Warren McKinney
Shepley, John F.
Shoenberg, Sydney M., Jr.
Smith, Dr. David S.H.
Smith, Robert Brookings
Smith, Tom K., Jr.
Switzer, R. W.
“Treat, Judge Lammel
Ulrici, Gerald
Wagner, Stephen M.
Whitaker, Edwards
Whitehead, C. Powell

Wuertenbaecher, Harry E., Jr.

*“Yeatman, James E.
Zeibig, Fred G.

1914-1919
1922-1940
1915-1928
1895-1923
1924-1928
1889-1891
1929-1954
1925-1927
1910-1915
1975-
1958-1963
1926-36
1932-1957
1889-1922
1955-1967
1964-
1918-1925
1911-1931
1972-
1936-1957
1958-
1901-1929
Weve
1902-1925
1952-1963

1963-64, 1967-

1917-1918
1889-1890
1935

1926-1927
1902-1926
1965-1975

Advisory, 1975-

1963-
1889-1901
1928-1936

*Members of original Board of Trustees, 1889

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Board of Trustees
List of Presidents

Lackland, Rufus J.
Kaime, David F.
Whitaker, Edwards

Eliot, Edward C.
Hitchcock, George C.
Lockwood, Richard J.
Lehmann, John S.
Smith, Robert Brookings
Hitchcock, Henry
Wuertenbaecher, Harry E., Jr.
Whitehead, C. Powell
Bascom, Joseph H.
Smith, Tom K.., Jr.

1889-1909
1910
1910-1926
1926-1928
1928-1947
1947-1953
1953-1958
1958-1962
1962-1967
1967-1970
1970-73
1973-1975
1975-

Heritage and History

First Botanical Garden
Was Established in Padua, Italy

On May 29, 1545, the first botanical garden in Europe
was established in Padua, Italy by an act of the
Venetian Senate. It was part of the University of Padua.
It was a garden for scientific study of plants built ina
world when man knows he “is the measure ofall things”
and was most active during an age when the world was
becoming much larger through exploration. It was here
that the potatoes found on the slopes of the Andes were
first cultivated on European soil.

The garden plan, a perfect circle 84 meters in
diameter, further divided by formal rectangles,
reflected the 16th Century mind and its concept of the
universe. The world was uniform and symmetrical,
unified platonically. As it was designed, the garden was
an ideal world.

Its first political patron was the Venetian senator,
patrician Donicle Barbbaro who was himself a botanist
of some note. The architect Giovanni Moroni da
Bergamo’s plan was executed by Senator Barbbaro
and University of Padua botany professor, Pietro di
Noale. The first Praefectus or Director, Luigi Squaler-
no, was followed by a long line of distinguished
botanist directors. In the drawing, right, is shown
Pontederia or pickerel weed, which was named after G.
Pontederi, a Director who lived 1688-1757. The genus
and the family, Pontederaceae, bear his name. The
family includes 6 genera and 20 species. Eichornia, or
water hyacinth, is another familiar genus in the family,

ier. —— a
Zo hci
tn, USS
Z . - = Sa A a
a SSS Ae
FZ CA caste sanele SOQ
spapacen™aa8 sel OT
IBOIOIZONOS ACTS
KSA ‘sea
ISNeN Fe [IS SCORN | \
SOWOaSOWOa CELTS ot: \A
IBOWMSLONO MEMOS s VN
ROS IRS ENR Fe |
Boned BOS SPoagdig HF° |
imWaswOa ala CLAS} |
Sot «= Ed oo

IN |x Hit
Ws Leas (_ | -
SWE
jaadden — cabauent

Plan of the 16th century Padua Garden.

and may be seen in the Climatron, together with the
pickerel weed. The lovely old garden in Padua is still a
pleasure to visit.

Tamra Engelhorn Raven

Pontederia or Pickerel Weed. Named in memory of a Padua Garden
Director who lived In the 18th century.

'! LAST CALL!

A WEEK IN FABULOUS
MONTE CARLO
DEPARTURE: MARCH 28
RETURN: APRIL 5
$499 PER PERSON

CONTACT MEMBERSHIP
OFFICE 772-7600

National Science Foundation Grant
To Support ‘Floristic Survey
of Amazonian Perw

The National Science Foundation has announced an
award of $18,332 for initial support of astudy, “Floristic
Survey of Amazonian Peru,” to be conducted jointly by
the Missouri Botanical Garden and Field Museum of
Natural History in Chicago. Dr. Alwyn H. Gentry,
Assistant Curator of the Garden’s herbarium, is
principal investigator of this project to which an
additional $114,600 has been commited for increased
study during the next two years. Amazonian Peru,
roughly the size of Texas, is avery rich lowland tropical
area. It is poorly known botanically and the main
objective of the new project is to collect and identify
plant specimens and catalog the species of this region,
important segments of which are being rapidly
destroyed. A second goal of the project is completion
of the Flora of Peru.

Field headquarters for the research operations will
be at Iquitos, Peru, where a permanent laboratory
facility has been set up. A full time resident collector
and botanists from Missouri Botanical Garden, Field
Museum and other collaborating institutions will work
out from this center, mostly by boat, to explore all of
Amazonian Peru. It is anticipated that this project will
develop into a major long-term focus for the Garden's
tropical research.

Dr. Alwy.

Mr./Mrs. John E. Davis
Dr./Mrs. William L. Drake, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Clifford E. Fischer
Lt. Col./Mrs. Robert Forsyth
Mr./Mrs. Clifford Frey
Mr./Mrs. Carl B. Giebel
Mr./Mrs. George R. Goetz
Mr./Mrs. Nathaniel Green
Mr./Mrs. Walter W. Grueninger
Mr./Mrs. James D. Hammer
Mr./Mrs. J. N. Hammitt
Mr./Mrs. Robert Hargrove
Dr./Mrs. John E. Helzer

Mrs. Elleen Herrell

Mr./Mrs. Joseph P. Hopkins
Mr./Mrs. Robert K. Horak
Mr./Mrs. J. F. Hornback
Mr./Mrs. Richard W. Horner
Mr./Mrs. E. M. Howell
Mr./Mrs. M. Richard Huerner
Mr./Mrs. Boynton Hussey
Mr./Mrs. Nathaniel Ivory

Mr. Nizar Jamjoo

Mr./Mrs. William A. Jenny, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Norvell G. Jones
Dr./Mrs. William Landon
Mr./Mrs. Henry A. Lay
Mr./Mrs. Willard L. Levy
Mr./Mrs. Richard D. Locke

NEW CONTRIBUTING
MEMBERSHIPS
JANUARY 1976

Mrs. Edmond S. Bauer
Dr./Mrs. Marshall R. Crosby
Mr./Mrs. H. H. Pope

NEW FAMILY
MEMBERSHIPS
JANUARY 1976

Mr./Mrs. Wm. W. Albrecht
Mr./Mrs. Wm. F. Allison
Mr./Mrs. Wm. |. Andress
Mr./Mrs. Ralph H. Aston
Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Barger
Mr./Mrs. David Becker
Mr./Mrs. Erwin L. Below
Mr./Mrs. Michael L. Bennett
Mr./Mrs. Leon M. Bodenheimer
Mr./Mrs. Wm. P. Chrisler
Mr./Mrs. Ken Close

Mr./Mrs. James A. Dacey, Jr.

Mr./Mrs. William H. Longstreet
Mr./Mrs. Mark Mayberry
Mr./Mrs. George McCue
Mr./Mrs. Gordon McGloshen
Mr./Mrs. Paul L. Melgaard
Mr./Mrs. Allen E. Metelman
Mr./Mrs. Harvey Mizes
Mr./Mrs. Herbert L. Pape
Mr./Mrs. Ronald Parsons
Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Praechter
Dr./Mrs. Gerald Pregon
Mr./Mrs. Ralph E. Pumphrey
Mr./Mrs. Harry E. Raymond
Mrs. Faye Russum

Mr. Wm. D. Samuels, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Sammie L. Scarborough
Mr./Mrs. Kenneth W. Schultz
Mr./Mrs. Wm. F. Schumann
Dr./Mrs. Roger H. Secker-Walker
Mr./Mrs. Davis S. Shimamoto
Mr./Mrs. Leo G. Stahlihut

Mr. George Stevenson

Mr./Mrs. Sarantis Symeonoglou
Mr./Mrs. R. A. Terrebonne
Mr./Mrs. Fred Timmerman
Mr./Mrs. W. W. Tramp

Mr./Mrs. Kenneth L. Vogel
Miss K. M. Wagner

Mr./Mrs. Walter J. Whitaker

* :
> * ae .
n Gentry collecting plants In Amazonia, Peru.

Mr. Robert C. Wolford
Mr./Mrs. Melvis Wolverton

NEW INDIVIDUAL
MEMBERSHIPS
JANUARY 1976

Mr. Gary G. Anderson
Mrs. Brooks Bernhardt
Mrs. Lorraine Berry
Bittersweet Garden Club
Miss Mary E. Brennan
Miss Marie Brie

Mrs. Betty Brittain

Mrs. Catherine Brownell
Mr. Norman S. Dertke
Mrs. Alvin C. Ferbet
Mrs. Rosemary Flance
Mrs. Bernard F. Gill

Mr. Elihu M. Hyndman
Miss Linda Ishibashi
Mrs. Leonard C. Jacobs
Mrs. Eric A. Jordan

Mr. Walter Junge

Mrs. Louis Keller

Mrs. F. Paul Kohlbry

Ms. Louise Landon

Mrs. Clara M. Lazier
Mrs. Dorothy Lieberstein
Miss Gladys Lippmann
Mrs. Arthur F. Lubke
Mr. Joel Y. Lund

Mrs. Eleanor B. McClure
Mr. John L. McDermott
Mrs. Flora McKelfresh
Mrs. Louis A. Mitleider
Miss Marianne Power
Mrs. Edward Renshaw
Mrs. E. C. Roberts

Mrs. Ernest T. Rouse

St. Clair County Garden Club

Miss Jean Schneeberger
Mrs. Nadine Schneider
Mrs. William Shieber

Mr. George Skrivan

Mr. Edd Stretch Smith
Mrs. Glenda Smith

Mrs. Janet N. Smythe
Mr. C. David Spoeneman

Mrs. Constance M. Sullivan

Mr. Wm. J. Wolf
Miss Delores Zurweller

INCREASE IN
MEMBERSHIP
CONTRIBUTIONS
JANUARY 1976

SUSTAINING

Flora Place Protective Assn., Inc.

Mr./Mrs. W. L. H. Griffin
Mr. Malcolm W. Martin

Mr./Mrs. C. Robert Pommer

CONTRIBUTING

Mr./Mrs. J. E. Akers

Dr. Arthur |. Auer
Mr./Mrs. Edward J. Hogan
Mr./Mrs. A. S. Lee
Pathology Associates

FAMILY

Mrs. Edwin S. Baldwin
Mrs. John Donnell
Mrs. H. R. Hildreth
Mr./Mrs. W. H. Kurth
Mr./Mrs. S. N. Olson
Mrs. Wylie Todd

Mr. William Wade

JANUARY TRIBUTES

In Honor of Recovery of Mrs. David Baron
Mr./Mrs. Elmer D. Abramson

In Honor of Recovery of Mrs. Jean Charak
Mr./Mrs. Elmer D. Abramson

In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Corn
Anniversary
Mr./Mrs. Meyer Levy

In Honor of Recovery of Dr. |. J. Flance
Mr./Mrs. Elmer D. Abramson

In Honor of Mrs. Silas Frankel Birthday
Mr./Mrs. Elmer D. Abramson

In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Herman Gittelman
Anniversary
Mr./Mrs. Elmer D. Abramson

In Honor of Elsie Glik Birthday
Mrs. Ellis C. Littman

In Honor of Mrs. Paul Kranzberg Birthday
Mr./Mrs. Elmer D. Abramson

In Honor of Mr. Herman Lief Birthday
Mr./Mrs. Elmer D. Abramson

In Honor of Mr. William Liggett 90th Birthday
Mr./Mrs. Sanford Lebman

In Honor of Mrs. Carl Lyss
Mr./Mrs. Elmer D. Abramson

In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Clarence Mange
Golden Anniversary
Mr./Mrs. Meyer Levy

In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Steve Rosenbloom
Marriage
The Jules Berg Family

in Memory of Ms. Charlotte Brandt's Mother
Margie Berg

In Memory of Mr. Harold P. Davison
The Rose Society of Greater St. Louis

In Memory of Mr. Donald Di Leo
George and Nadine Mahe

in Memory of Mrs. Frederick Gardner
Mrs. Edwin R. Culver

In Memory of Mr. James A. Griffith
Mrs. Wm. B. Andrews

Mrs. Jane Arnold

Mr./Mrs. John N. Chapin
Mrs. H. Davis Clymer
Friendship Village of West County-John Hinkle
Mr. E. H. Gray

Mrs. Joan Hatler

Mrs. L. B. Izard

Mr./Mrs. Don Johnston
Miss Norma Martin

Mrs. Ben H. McDougall
Mrs. Robert L. McElroy
Mrs. Charles E. Phillips
Mrs. Raymond H. Polito
Mrs. Philo Rapp

Mr. J. Schneider

Mr./Mrs. Wiley M. Sellards
Mr./Mrs. George K. Shirling
Mr./Mrs. Wallace Tuttle
Mr./Mrs. R. M. Weaver
Miss Carolyn Whitmore
Miss Maryann Young

In Memory of Mrs. Fleta Hopkins
Marjorie L. Feuz

In Memory of Mr. Ernest Hummel
Dr./Mrs. Ben H. Senturia

In Memory of Mr. John Joines
Armand D. Fries, M.D.

In Memory of Mr. Laurence Mallinckrodt
Mrs. Henry D. Miller, Jr.
Mrs. John Gardiner Woods

In Memory of Daisy |. Meyer
Mr./Mrs. Edward Heickelbeck

In Memory of Dr. William F. Neun
Armand D. Fries, M.D.

In Memory of Mr. Joel Reiss
Rose Society of Greater St. Louis

In Memory of Mrs. Jessie Chard Ross
Melba E. Aufderheide

In Memory of Dr. Robert Sanders
Mr./Mrs. William Beggs

In Memory of Mrs. Betty Steele
The |. F. Fausek, Jr. Family

In Memory of our friend Morris Wortman
Mr./Mrs. Elmer D. Abramson

In Memory of Mr. Russell Zeller
Dr./Mrs. William E. Koerner

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

2345 Tower Grove Avenue
Saint Louis, Missouri 63110

SECOND-CLASS
POSTAGE
PAID
AT ST. LOUIS, MO.

Missouri
Botanical
Garden
Bulletin

English Woodland Garden Scheduled for May 4 peacanon

On Tuesday, May 4, the English Woodland Garden,
the second of three Bicentennial projects at the
Missouri Botanical Garden, will be formally dedicated
by Professor John Heslop-Harrison, Director of the
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England. The dedication
fittingly coincides with the anniversary of Henry
Shaw’s arrival in St. Louis on May 4, 1819.

The new two-acre garden, located east of the
Japanese Garden, has been designed by John Elsley,
Curator of Hardy Plants. Elsley, a native of Essex,
England, joined the Garden's staff in 1973. Numerous
volunteers and staff members of the Horticulture
Department have been working with him to ready the
Woodland Garden for its dedication.

To explain the underlying principles associated with
this style of gardening, detail the basic steps taken in
the establishment of the Woodland Garden; and
describe the plant material utilized, Mr. Elsley has
written two articles for Bulletin readers. The first
follows. The second will be published in the May
Bulletin.

The past thirty years have seen a great expansion of
the “woodland” style of gardening in Britain. Within
such gardens, be they large or small, the horticulturist
usually aims to cultivate as varied a range of plant
material as possible often in simulated conditions
which resemble closely those experienced in nature by
a given plant species. The plants included in woodland
gardens are often representative of native floras from
many parts of the globe, a woodland garden thus
providing an ideal setting for the display of many
treasures accumulated by the ardent plantsman, a
creature often possessed with a strong collective
instinct!

Seasonal Displays

In many instances a woodland garden will exhibit a
dominance of certain plant groups which result in
spectacular displays at given seasons: Rhododen-
drons and azaleas are frequent ‘“dominants.” The

Professor John Heslop-Harrison, Director of the Royal Botanic
Gardens, Kew, England.

(Photo Courtesy of Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation. )

Missouri Botanical Garden woodland area will incor-
porate azaleas and dogwoods in this feature role, both
of which should annually provide a display highlight in
early May.

Woodland gardens are usually designed within
existing wooded locations, our own garden being
situated in the wooded area of 1% acres immediately
west of the Lehmann Building (from the windows of
which one can obtain an excellent panoramic view of
the garden) and extending to the eastern edge of the
Japanese Garden. The layout and new plantings of the
Woodland Garden are such that the whole area will

harmonize with the adjacent Japanese area and
Continued on next page

Number 4
April 1976

Volume LXIV

provide an interesting and attractive approach to the
oriental landscape.

In Britain, the location selected for a woodland
garden usually consists of an area supporting a
population of good quality native trees, the oaks being
especially favored. The woodland is also usually
predominately deciduous, and naturally in such
instances the major growth and flowering periods of
associated species is during the spring priortothe tree
foliage greatly reducing the light intensity reaching the
lower shrub and herbaceous layers. This factor is well
illustrated in the native Missouri woodlands and can
seasonally be observed in spectacular fashion at the
Garden's Gray Summit Arboretum.

Summer Sun Intensity

Intensity of summer sunshine in St. Louis is an
adverse factor in the successful cultivation of many
introduced plant species, so a habitat which provides
natural summer shade combined with a degree of
protection against cold winter winds greatly enhances
the prospects of increasing the range of cultivated
hardy plants — an important goal for the Missouri
Botanical Garden as one of the country’s leading
botanical and horticultural institutions. Our existing
woodland location supported few trees which could be
considered “specimen” in description so that during
the initial construction stages most specimens with
shade providing potential were retained although
many of these will be removed in a few years once the
wide range of newly planted trees and shrubs make
demands for more headroom.

Decidious woodland soils normally exhibit excellent
chemica:i and physical properties being annually
enriched by leaf fall, although on a garden scale any
soil deficiency can normally be rectified. Different
sections of a woodland garden can be devoted to
plants requiring more specific growing conditions,
areas where, for example, plants needing greater
amounts of shade, moisture and acidity levels (e.g.,
Primulas) can be successfully cultivated. The early
installation of an irrigation system throughout our
Woodland Garden will considerably reduce yet
another important limiting factor of plant growth inthe
St. Louis area.

Soil Preparation

The early formative stage following the removal of a
roadway, culminated in the removal of unwanted trees
and shrubs, (including roots) and was succeeded by
the most important operation in the construction of any
garden — namely, soil preparation. After deep
cultivations, organic matter in the form of leaf mold was
incorporated, peat moss would have been an excellent
but more expensive alternative. Top soil was then
spread over the surface in order to obtain a uniform
grade over the entire area and again this was rotovated

into the existing soil. It was especially important to add
sufficient soil to the section of the garden where
smaller beds were constructed in order to allow for
natural soil stabilization. Planting then followed and
individual subjects and the smaller beds were mulched
heavily, an operation which has the important dual
effect of moisture conservation and weed control
throughout the growing season and during the winter
months helps to prevent low temperature damage to
more tender subjects. The outline of the major beds
and paths was established by horizontally laid tree
branches, which, in combination with the pathways
constructed of wood chips provide the garden visitor
with an aesthetic feeling of a woodland trail. In Britain
such pathways are normally grassed.

Informal Layout

Initially, Our Woodland Garden consists of two
sections, both highly informal in their overall layout,
One section consisting of a series of beds intersected
by a network of pathways and an even more informal
section with less paths and no _ distinct beds.
Throughout the entire garden many new trees, shrubs
and herbaceous plants have already been incor-
porated, inaddition to approximately 750 azaleas
concentrated in the series of informal beds and
extensive plantings of dogwoods which will eventually
dominate the adjoining section. One of the major
trends related to plant materials incorporated into the
woodland Garden will be in the direction of North
American native subjects, a group of plants that has
and continually is playing an important role in
providing the raw materials for garden enrighment
throughout the world.

John E. Elsley
Curator of Hardy Plants

Annual Flower Sunday on April 25

Flower Sunday, to be held April 25 at Christ Church
Cathedral, will feature an elaborate altar display of
flowers from the Missouri Botanical Garden. Flower
Sunday is a tradition established through Henry
Shaw's will and an annual event since 1890. The Flower
Sunday service will begin at 11 a.m. A Flower Festival
will be held in and around the cathedral area on
Saturday, April 24, from noon to 5 p.m.

The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is publish-
ed 11 issues per year monthly except August, by the Missouri
Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo.
63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo.

M. P. CRONIN, Editor

SUBSCRIPTION RATES:
$5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign.

Japanese Festival Day, May 9,
To Highlight Japan’s Culture

A Japanese Festival Day, to be held May 9 on the
Garden's grounds, will highlight many of the diverse
and subtle expressions of Japan’s culture. Ranging
from origami, the art of Japanese paper folding, to
Ikebana, the stylized art of flower arranging, the
displays, exhibits, and films will offer visitors to the
Garden a rare opportunity to more fully appreciate and
enjoy aspects of the country’s culture.

The Festival, sponsored by the Japanese American
Citizens League in cooperation with the St. Louis —
Suwa Sister City Committee, promises to create a
greater awareness of Japanese and Japanese-
American cultural heritages. To date, the program
includes many varied demonstrations and forms of
entertainment new to this area.

Antique samurai swords from the Meiji period to the
pre-World War II period will be exhibited for the first
time in St. Louis. The $200,000 private collection will be
on view courtesy of Japan Air Lines.

Suwa Tree

Art work and photographs by the schoolchildren and
residents of Suwa, Japan, the sister city of St. Louis,
will also be featured during the Festival. A thousand
origami paper cranes will be sent from Suwa to
decorate a “Suwa Tree” near the Japanese Garden,
located in the Garden’s southwest corner.

The $700,000 Japanese Garden, a project which first
originated with the Japanese American Citizens
League, will be dedicated next Fall as a Bicentennial
event. Although construction at the site is not yet
complete, many features and plants are in place,
making a walk through the area enjoyable and rewar-
ding.

Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden Director, and some of the Japanese
Festival participants.

(Photos courtesy of Mac Mizuki)

‘a se er ls i
" og
17 1

Ed Tsugita, President of the Japanese American Citizens League,
and Dr. Raven at the Suwa Lantern in the Japanese Garden.

During the Festival, Japanese kimonos will be
modeled by the Harusame Club in a program begin-
ning with children’s apparel and encompassing the
types of kimonos worn at each period in a Japanese
woman’s life. A beautiful wedding kimono has been
lent for use by Mrs. Eugene Schwarz.

Aikido Demonstration

Japanese children’s dances, folk dances, and
demonstrations of Aikido, a form of Japanese move-
ment will also be staged during the Festival.
Throughout the day, cultural films on the Gardens of
Japan will be shown in the John S. Lehmann Building
Auditorium.

Delicacies such as chicken teriaki, makisushi and
tamagomaki will be sold during the afternoon. A tea
ceremony and demonstration will be conducted by
Mrs. Kikue Atkins. In addition, there will be exhibits of
Japanese dolls, and display tables featuring the art of
calligraphy and Japanese pottery techniques. The
activities, demonstrations and displays will be
presented on the Garden’s grounds and in the
Lehmann Auditorium throughout the day. The Festival
hours will be from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.

SPRING LECTURE SCHEDULE CHANGES

The schedule of the Spring Lecture Series for
Members was revised after the March, 1976
Bulletin had gone to press. Dr. William D’Arcy’s
lecture, entitled “The Mountain Gorilla: Nutrition
and Habitat,” has been rescheduled for Thursday,
April 22, at 10:30 a.m. and 8 p.m.

Dr. Peter H. Raven's lecture, “Our Vanishing
Flora,” will be given on Thursday, April 29, at
10:30 a.m. and 8 p.m.

Gardening in St. Louis

APRIL GARDENING

With the early spring this year, many shrubs have
now completed their flowering season and can be
pruned any time this month. In pruning, remove 2 or 3
of the older canes on old shrubs. Cut these out as close
to the ground as possible, head back the balance of the
growth at irregular intervals so as to keep a natural
form. After pruning is completed, the shrub should be
lightly dug around and superphosphate should be
incorporated or a balanced fertilizer to help invigorate
them. Long ends which develop later can be pruned
back in early June to Mid-June so as to keep the form.
However, avoid heavy pruning this summer because
buds will be formed for flowering again next spring.

Azalea Care

Azaleas which showed winter burn or dying back
should be cut back to good wood. Do not cultivate
around these as the roots are near the surface. It is
important to apply an acid type fertilizer around these
to stimulate growth — Cottonseed meal is very good.
Apply fresh mulch around the plants to conserve
moisture and to control weed growth. Other broadleaf-
ed evergreens such as hollies and rhododendrons
should be fed at this time.

It is important as far as the holly leaf minor is
concerned, to start spraying due to the early spring
season. | would suggest watching these closely and if
small black flies are seen, start to spray immediately. If
this is not the case, apply Malathion or Diazinon about
the 3rd week of April. Repeat at 12 to 14 day intervals
for at least 2 more applications for good control.

Evergreens and other balled and burlaped shrubs
can still be planted provided they are heavily mulched
and kept watered until the plants are well established.
The earlier these go in this month, the better.

Rose Pruning

Pruning of roses should be completed as soon as
possible. As the mulch is removed from around the
base of the plant, it should be carefully dug into the bed
to incorporate more organic material. Follow this with
an application of superphosphate of approximately 1
cup per plant for good growth.

Early spraying for control of mildew and black spotis
important. Alternate with Benlate and Pheltan for good
control. The first spraying should occur as soon as
pruned. The next spraying should go onina week to 10
days to cover the new growth or after any heavy rain.

Potted roses can be set out at any time. Remove the
container very carefully, open the base up and plant
according to normal procedures. Bulb stocks such as
daffodils and tulips, and other flowering bulbs, should
nave the foliage left intact for at least 3 weeks after
flowering before it is removed. At that time, the foliage

can be cut back to just above ground level and these
will bloom the following year.

If fertilizer has not been added, | would suggest that
you come in with a light application of a balanced
fertilizer amongst the bulbs and/or superphosphate to
help keep the bulbs built up.

Cool Crops

Due to the warm weather earlier, vegetable gardens
should now be in active growth. Many of the cool crops
should now be reaching their peak of growth and
should be ready for harvesting starting shortly.

Towards the later part of the month, warmer crops
can be put in. Tomatoes should not be planted until the
ground has become good and warm. If the ground is
cold and weather is cool they do not make satisfactory
growth. It is better to keep them indoors growing
actively than putting them out under cool conditions.

Hardy Annuals

Hardy annuals can be set out at any time this month.
Soil should be well prepared; add in plenty of organic
matter and superphosphate and protect the plants for
the first day or two from the hot sun if possible.
Annuals, of course, should be hardened off for several
days before planting directly in the garden.

Pre-emerge for control of crabgrass should be
applied any time after the first week in April. It is
important to remember that pre-emerge works for a
period of 40 to 50 days, and for good control needs to
be applied again in early June as far as crabgrass is
concerned. Follow the directions carefully and make
sure that there is a uniform cover over the whole area.

Robert Dingwall
Chief Horticulturist

Garden Briefs

Spring's arrival signals a quickening pace of activity
throughout the Garden. Volunteers are urgently
needed to assist with the preparation and maintenance
of the many outdoor areas under cultivation which now
include the Japanese Garden and English Woodland
Garden. For further information, contact Carol
Taxman, Chairman of Volunteers, 772-7600, ext.
53, Tuesday and Thursday from 9 a.m. to 1:00 p.m.

A Bonsai Workshop will be offered by the
Garden's Department of Education May 18, 19, and 20.
On each date the workshop will consist of athree-hour
work session conducted by John Yoshio Naka, a noted
Bonsai master from California who will demonstrate
many techniques and styles of this ancient art.
Workshop students will be provided with a tree,
suitable container, wire and soil. Further details will
appear in the May Bulletin.

Chrysanthemum Ball, September 10
To Benefit Boxwood Garden

As part of the Garden’s salute to the Bicentennial, a
Chrysanthemum Ball will be held on Friday, September
10, at 6:30 p.m. on the Garden grounds. Dr. Peter H.
Raven, Garden Director, has announced that proceeds
from the event will directly benefit the Edgar Anderson
Memorial Boxwood Garden.

The Boxwood Garden, occupying over three acres
between the Lehmann Rose Garden and Japanese
Garden, is now under active construction. It consists of
a series of grassy glades lined with varieties of
boxwood. The Garden is named in honor of Edgar
Anderson, a scientist who was associated with the
Garden for many years. He introduced many fine
Balkan varieties of boxwood to the United States.

Mrs. Walter G. Stern, chairman of the
Chrysanthemum Ball, has announced that major St.
Louis corporations will support this Fall benefit as
corporate sponsors. They include First National Bank
in St. Louis, Monsanto Co., McDonnell-Douglas Corp.,
Tiffany Industries, Tower Grove Bank, Tobey Fine
Papers, and Universal Printing Co.

The Patron Committee invites all Members of the
Garden to serve as patrons of the Chrysanthemum
Ball. Patron donation is $150 per couple, ($120 tax
deductible). Patron participation is limited, so please
fill out patron reservation blank promptly. General
invitations will be mailed to Members of the Garden this
summer.

Committee members are eagerly planning a delight-
ful evening. They anticipate an oversubscribed party
and hope you will join them.

The Committee Members are: Mrs. William Andrews,
Mrs. J. Arthur Baer, Il, Mrs. John Brodhead, Jr., Mrs.
Dwight W. Coultas, Mrs. Theodore P. Desloge, Jr., Mrs.
Charles W. Freeman, Mrs. Frederick O. Hanser, Mrs.
Charles G. Houghton, Jr., Mrs. Watts Humphrey, Jr.,
Mrs. Henry O. Johnston.

Also, Mrs. Landon Y. Jones, Mrs. Robert McK. Jones,
Mrs. Alexander Kerckhoff, Jr., Mrs. Charles F. Knight,
Mrs. Robert E. Kresko, Mrs. John D. Lipscomb, Mrs.
Willard L. Levy, Mrs. Jules L. Pass, Mrs. Eugene H.
Reese, Mrs. William A. Sims, Mrs. George L. Stemmler,
Jr., Mrs. Charles B. Thies and Mrs. DonL. Wolfsberger.

Honorary Co-Chairman of the Ball is Mr. C. Powell
Whitehead, a past president of the Garden's Board of
Trustees and currently a Member of the Trustees’
Advisory Board.

Mrs. William A. Sims
Publicity Chairman

ier A —
Mrs. Walter G. Stern, chairman of The Chrysanthemum Ball.

Lhe Chrysanthemum Dall |

FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE BOXWOOD GARDEN

Friday Evening, September 10, 1976, 6:30

Patron: Two tickets ...................... $150
($120 is tax deductible)
CRG NICSE oso oiccs bas oae oaks ewe Mo $75

($60 is tax deductible)

| wish my name to appear on the invitation as
follows:

Tables are for ten people. | wish to be seated with
the following people:

Name
Address ___ aes

Phone — Zipcode ___

Chrysanthemum Ball and return with this form to:
Membership Office
Missouri Botanical Garden
2345 Tower Grove Avenue
St. Louis, Missouri 63110

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NOTED IKEBANA MASTER
TO LECTURE HERE MAY 11

A lecture-demonstration on the art of Japanese
Flower Arranging will be presented at the Garden on
Tuesday, May 11, by Shuko H. Kobayashi, master
teacher of floral art in the Sogetsu School of contem-
porary Ikebana design.

The program will be qaiven at 1:30 p.m. in the
auditorium of the John S. Lehmann Building. Admis-
sion is $3.50 per person and, because of limited space,
advance reservations are required. Checks payable to
the Missouri Botanical Garden should be sent to the
Membership Office, Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345
Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110.
Tickets will be mailed in advance of the lecture.

Mr. Kobayashi is a well known artist and teacher
whose works have been exhibited in one-man and
group shows in Japan and throughout California. In
Tokyo, in 1955, he received the top award at the All
Japan Ikebana Art Competition. He designed a special
arrangement for the visit of the Emperor and Empress
of Japan to San Francisco in 1975.

In his lecture-demonstration at the Garden, Mr.
Kobayashi will create designs utilizing local plant
material such as trees, roots, branches, shrubs and
flowers. He also works with wood and metal to create
sculptural forms which are often incorporated
together, in his finished work.

Bicentennial Herb Sale
April 28 — May 5

A Bicentennial Herb Sale featuring historic, culinary,
medicinal and housekeeping herbs, will be held in the
Garden's Floral Display House from Wednesday, April
28, through May 5. The sale, sponsored by the
Garden’s Plant Shop, is in recognition of the nation’s
Bicentennial and the historic importance of herbs to
our pioneer and colonial forebearers.

The sale includes 100 to 150 herb varieties ndét only
the familiar herbs but also the lesser grown herbs
whose historic roles may have vanished but whose
garden qualities remain.

The sale will open with a Members Day on Wednes-
day, April 28th, where the customary Members ten
percent discount will be given. The public sale will
begin a day later, on Thursday, April 29th, and continue
throughout the week.

Plants will be arranged by their common names in
alphabetical order. Most will be in three-inch pots and
priced at a uniform price per pot. In addition, there will
be an information booth at the entrance to the sale area
where an alphabetical list of the sale herbs with basic
information about each will be available at nominal
cost.

Included in the Bicentennial sale are such herbs as:
pewterwort (bottlebrush), garderobe (lad’s love), burn
plant, and Oswego tea, which was popular with the
colonists who drank it as a substitute for the Asian teas
which they boycotted in protest against the tea tax.

Virtually every culinary herb which grew in George
Washington's kitchen garden at Mt. Vernon will be
available, including rosemary, French tarragon, mar-
joram, sage, mint, basil, thyme, and oregano.

The tea herbs of chamomile, lemon balm, lemon
grass and calendula (pot marigold) will also be sold, as
well as lemon verbena, a native of South America which
arrived in North America early in the 18th century and
was instantly popular as a refreshing, new herb tea.

An exciting collection of attractive hanging baskets
will be on display having been preplanted with such
appropriate herbs as Attar of Roses and Peppermint
geraniums in single plantings. Other baskets are now
being planted by Garden staff members to illustrate the
technique of planting several herbs in one container to
create a garden in miniature for gardeners who are
somewhat short on space for their herb gardens.

All but two herbs mentioned in A Treatise on
Gardening, written in the early 1700’s by John
Randolph, are included on the sale list.

To study the herbs of the Bicentennial and to grow
them is to gain new appreciation of the useful plants
which man has relied upon throughout the ages to
provide the necessities and niceties of life.

Randall Anderson
Manager, Horticultural Sales

Spring and Summer Members Events at Arboretum

The Arboretum will offer four special events this
Spring and Summer for Garden Members. These
activities promise to be enjoyable as well as
educational and will bring increased appreciation of
nature’s beauty. The Members Days are as follows:

April 10 Wilderness Wagon Rides, previewing a newly written
script. Landscape Walks, guided by John Elsley, Curator of Hardy
Plants.

April 22 Wildflower walks led by members of Webster Groves
Nature Study Society including Edgar Denison and Art Christ.
June 6 Parent-Child Day — Planned outdoor activities for the

family.

August 21 Float trip on Meramec River through Arboretum,
guided by Arboretum Staff.

The first events on April 10, will feature Landscape
Walks with John Elsley, Curator of Hardy Plants. Areas
of the Pinetum will be covered, with particular attention
paid to the principles of English gardening as shown in
this unique collection. Walking tours will leave from the
Visitors Center at 11:00 a.m., 1:00 and 3:00 p.m. Also
featured will be Wilderness Wagon rides through the
Arboretum with the recently completed new tape

narration. Wagon tours will be available from 10:00 a.m.
to 4:00 p.m. Members are advised to bring asack lunch
and spend a day in the country.

The second event, Thursday, April 22, features
Wildflower Walks led by Edgar Denison, author of
Missouri Wildflowers, Art Christ and several other
members of the Webster Groves Nature Study Society.
It is expected that this date will feature a number of
woodland wildflowers in bloom as well as the final
blooms of the daffodils and early meadow flowers.
Members can ride the Wilderness Wagon or stroll to the
Trail House where all tours wil start. Two long walks
will be given at 10:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m. It is suggested
that a sack lunch be brought for the morning walk.
Shorter waiks will be given starting hourly from 10:30
a.m. to 1:30 p.m.

Details concerning the last two events will be
announced in future bulletins. For more information —
call 772-7600 — Station 81.

June Hutson, Chairman
Arboretum Members Events

Visits to Twelve English Gardens
Scheduled for Members Tour

Plans for our Bicentennial visit to English Gardens
have now been completed and a few vacant places on
the tour are still available. Our party will be strengthen-
ed by the company of the Garden's Director, Dr. Peter
H. Raven, and Mrs. Raven, both of whom are
enthusiastic and knowledgeable concerning many
aspects related to English gardening.

Between our departure from St. Louis on May 19 and
our return on May 30, we shall visit twelve magnificent
gardens in addition to spending a day at the Chelsea
Flower Show, considered to be the finest event of its
kind in the world. The gardens we shall be visiting
classically exhibit the numerous styles encompassed
by the term “English Gardens.” At Stowe and Rousham
House, the landscape garden of the 17th and 18th
century reaches its zenith, with a style and function in
marked contrast to the Oxford Botanic Garden
(founded in 1621) and the small but fascinating
Chelsea Physic Garden situated on the Thames
embankment in Central London.

The historic house at Sezincote in the
Gloucestershire Cotswolds provides a focal point fora
garden which exhibits areas depicting several different
eras of garden design, while at Heaselands and Borde
Hill in Sussex are to be seen magnificent collections of
rhododendrons and camellias. Sissinghurst Castle and

Hidcote Manor, do, in many respected opinions,
compete for the title of England’s finest garden and in
each case the visitor is treated to a huge range of
differing plant material utilized to perfection.

Superb examples of recently created and “personal”
gardens will be seen at Crittenden House and Kingston
House, while the garden of the Royal Horticultural
Society at Wisley is a mecca for anyone interested in
gardening. A number of the above gardens are not
normally open to visitors and at each garden, in
addition to our own “resident experts,” we shall be
privileged to have the services of a person closely
connected with the particular garden. An evening of
medieval entertainment and dining, near the Tower of
London will culminate our visit!

The tour will be centered on London with atwo-night
stay in Oxford. If you are interested, it is essential that
you contact the Membership Office immediately,
phone 772-7600.

John E. Elsley
Curator of Hardy Plants

Member of
The Arts and Education
Fund of Greater St.Louis

NEW DIRECTOR'S
ASSOCIATES
MEMBERSHIP
FEBRUARY 1976

Mr./Mrs. Andrew R. Zinsmeyer

NEW CONTRIBUTING
MEMBERSHIPS
FEBRUARY 1976

Mr./Mrs. J. Paul Bedel
Dr./Mrs. Melvin Goldman
Mr./Mrs. Haskell T. Waddle

NEW FAMILY
MEMBERSHIPS
FEBRUARY 1976

Mr./Mrs. LeRoy Abbott
Mr./Mrs. H. W. Ackerman

Mr. Patrick Ackerman
Mr./Mrs. Robert M. Allan
Mr./Mrs. Wm. S. Barker
Mr./Mrs. Richard L. Behrends

Mr./Mrs. Edward G. Bischoff, Jr.

Dr./Mrs. Vilray Blair Jr.

Mr./Mrs. James A. Breckenridge

Mr./Mrs. William Brew
Mr./Mrs. William M. Cox
Mr./Mrs. Charles Dickerson
Mr./Mrs. Henry Edmonds
Mr./Mrs. John L. Evans
Dr./Mrs. David Feldman
Mr./Mrs. R. G. Finkenkeller
Mr./Mrs. John Garagnani
Mr./Mrs. Michael J. Geders
Mr./Mrs. Charles R. Gibson

Glan Tai Botanical Club
Mr./Mrs. Fred J. Hansen
Mr./Mrs. John Hilgert
Mr./Mrs. John A. Hoef, Jr.
Mr. Craig Thomas Hundelt
Mr./Mrs. Bruce Jordan
Mr./Mrs. R. H. Junk
Mr./Mrs. John B. Kethley
Mr./Mrs. J. Dale Kitchen
Dr./Mrs. Robert E. Knittel
Mr./Mrs. Henry Koerber
Mr./Mrs. Edmund Lammert
Mr./Mrs. R. G. Lapierre
Mr./Mrs. Scott Lauder

Ms. Linda Lawson
Mr./Mrs. Thomas Laylotf
Ms. Deborah Ann Letter
Mr./Mrs. Mark Lumb
Mr./Mrs. Herbert Markham
Mr./Mrs. S. Carson McCormack
Mrs. Jean Meredith
Mr./Mrs. Gerald J. Meyer
Miss Shirley F. Meyer
Mr./Mrs. Robert C. Miller
Mr./Mrs. Hugh O. Nourse
Mr./Mrs. Paul Nowakowski
Mr./Mrs. Jess L. Nutt, Jr
Miss Jan Heather O'Herin
Mr./Mrs. Wm. O’Herin
Mr./Mrs. Karl D. Pettit, Il
Mr./Mrs. Fred E. Pfaff
Mr./Mrs. Philip M. Pfeffer
Mr./Mrs. Donald E. Pratt
Mr./Mrs. William F. Remspecher
Mr./Mrs. James W. Rick
Ms. Alice Robison
Rabbi/Mrs. Alvan D. Rubin
Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Rubin
Mr./Mrs. J. R. Ryland
Mr./Mrs. Gene Schwilck
Mr./Mrs. Francis Seyfarth
Mr./Mrs. Lewis J. Stannard
Mr./Mrs. Morris Suchart
Mr. Billy T. Sumner

Mr./Mrs. George K. Syllman
Mr./Mrs. Michael Turken
Mr./Mrs. John A. Virant, Jr

Visitours, Inc.

Mr./Mrs. Charles L. Voellinger
Mr./Mrs. Ralph C. Wilkinson

Mr./Mrs. Paul Wilson

Mr./Mrs. Howard L. Wood

NEW INDIVIDUAL
MEMBERSHIPS
FEBRUARY 1976

Mrs. James G. Baker
Mr. Roger Birkel

Mrs. Wilma C. Bremer
Mrs. LaVerne Brooner

Mrs. David V. Campbell

Mr. David M. Culver
Mrs. Jean Currie
Mrs. Lois D. Eckstein
Mrs. Irene G. Elder
Miss Sandra Fritts
Mrs. Ann Goddard
Mr. David M. Grebler
Miss Elsie Gruhn

Mr. Thomas P. Hollo

Mrs. Robert C. Ingersoll

Mrs. Claudia Irwin
Ms. H. P. Jordan

Mrs. Vernon H. Knobbe

Ms. Cynthia A. Kogut
Miss Virginia Kraemer
Mrs. J. W. Lowe

Mr. Noel M. Matney
Mr. Gilbert S. Maxson,
Miss Christy Neuhoff
Mrs. Bonnie Randazzo

Miss Katherine S. Robbins

Mrs. Jan Rodgers

Dr. Dean A. Rosebery
Mr. Michael K. Sadler
Miss Carol Schulte

Mr. Adrien J. Silvernail
Mrs. Whitelaw Terry
Miss Carol Ulett

Mrs. Nancy Ulett

Mrs. George A. Ulett
Mrs. Fred H. Weber
Miss Hallie Weissman
Mrs. Geneva S. Williams

INCREASE IN
MEMBERSHIP
CONTRIBUTIONS
FEBRUARY 1976

LIFE
Mrs. Kenneth C. Baker

SUSTAINING

Mrs. Alvin H. Diehr

Mr./Mrs. Joseph E. Westerbeck
Mr./Mrs. William D. Zeltmann

CONTRIBUTING

Mr. James A. Corrigan

Mr. Jeffrey A. Rosenblum
Mr./Mrs. J. F. Ruwitch
Mr./Mrs. Charles L. Tooker
Mrs. Albert B. Wagenfuehr
Mrs. Louis Werner II

FAMILY

Mr. W. A. Frank

Mrs. Douglas Kirberg
Mr./Mrs. Edward Knirlberger
Jr. Mr. David M. Pierce

Mr. W. J. Polk, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Alton Reel
Mr./Mrs. Louis L. Roth

Mr. Donald J. Schmittzehe
Mr./Mrs. Moe Schwartz
Mr. Hugh K. Steavenson
Mr. Ivan Wolff

FEBRUARY TRIBUTES

In Honor of Mr. E. J. Gildehaus
The Garden Club of St. Louis

in Honor of Mrs. Fred E. Guth Birthday

Mr./Mrs. Edward J. Costigan

In Memory of Professor Chiura Obata

Mr. Maurice Falchero

Richard and Celeste Haley

Alice Hausner

Russell and Marion Hughes

In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Whitney Harris
Anniversary

Mrs. Harry Greensfelder

Mr./Mrs. J. Henry Schweich

in Honor of Mrs. W. Edwin Moser Birthday

Mrs. Marion Child Moss

In Honor of Mrs. Wm. H. Schield Birthday

Mrs. Marion Child Moss

Mrs. Kay Mesi

In Memory of Gotthold Schmid

The Carrs

In Memory of Bruce Schneier

Mr./Mrs. Herbert Talcoff

In Memory of Mrs. Bertha Elizabeth
Thompson

The Traditional Dancers

In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. H. E.
Wuertenbaecher, Jr. 25th Wedding
Anniversary

Mr./Mrs. Kenneth Marshall

In Memory of Dr. C. H. Beasley

The Rose Society of Greater St. Louis

In Memory of Dr. Marvin Cohen's Father

Doug and Fern Newman

In Memory of Mr. John B. Connell

Mr./Mrs. Wm. M. Haack

In Memory of Mrs. Julia E. G. Floyd

Mr./Mrs. James A. Breckenridge

riffith

In Memory of Mr. James A.

Eleanor Ervin

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

2345 Tower Grove Avenue
Saint Louis, Missouri 63110

SECOND-CLASS

POSTAGE
PAID

AT ST. LOUIS, MO.

Mrs. J. A. Griffith

In Memory of Mr. Chris Hollenberg
Some of His Friends

In Memory of Nancy S. Johnson
Gladys M. Gerdel

In Memory of Mr. Fred Mueller
Mr./Mrs. Edward Heichelbech

In Memory of Mrs. Morris Winterman
Mr./Mrs. Edmund A. Hogbin, Jr.

A PERFECT SPRING GIFT...
A BOUQUET OF LASTING BENEFITS

GIVE A GARDEN MEMBERSHIP —
IT LASTS THE ENTIRE YEAR.

FOR SOMEONE SPECIAL,

Missouri
Botanical
Garden
Bulletin

A Garden Priority: Easy Access for Handicapped Visitors

| have for many years been engaged in laying out and
establishing a Botanical garden... for the object and
with the view of having for the use of the public a
Botanical garden easily accessible which should be
forever kept up and maintained...

— Excerpt from the will of Henry Shaw,
signed on September 2, 1889

Throughout the years, the Garden’s policy towards
handicapped visitors has echoed Henry Shaw's words.
The Garden’s Board of Trustees has appropriated
funds, where necessary, for facilities for the han-
dicapped so that this sector of the general public can
enjoy the Garden’s many attractions and utilize its
facilities.

Visitors confined to wheelchairs can gain access to
every section of the Garden’s outside grounds via
paved paths. The interior points of interest throughout
the Garden are all easily accessible with the exception
of Tower Grove House which was constructed in 1849
and is preserved as a historical restoration.

High Ratings

A guidebook of St. Louis for the handicapped,
published last year by the Easter Seal Society, gives its
highest rating (‘A’) for accessibility to the Garden's
Linnaean House, Floral Display House, and Desert and
Mediterranean Houses. The Climatron, Restaurant,
and Garden Gate Shop also achieved “A” ratings inthe

majority of categories.
, g Continued on next page

Bonsai Lecture-Demonstrations,
May 18 & 19, by John Yoshio Naka

Two lecture-demonstrations on bonsai, the art of
creating a perfectly shaped miniature tree, will be
presented at the Garden on May 18 and 19 by noted
bonsai master, John Yoshio Naka.

Offered by the Garden's Department of Education,
the sessions, each three hours long, will be conducted
in the Lehmann Building auditorium at these times:
Section A: Tuesday, May 18, 1:00 p.m. - 4:00 p.m.
Section B: Wednesday, May 19, 9:30 a.m. - 12:30 p.m.

The fee, per session, is $4.00 per enrollee for the
public, $3.00 for Garden Members. Advance registra-
tion is necessary and should be made through the
Education Department, 772-7600.

Mr. Naka, co-founder of the California Bonsai
Society, is a purist who creates styles of bonsai ina
careful, traditional manner. During the Garden lectures
he will demonstrate how to plant and wire asingle trunk
or tree, how to use proper tools and effect the correct
proportions of. soil and pot mixtures to the tree. Mr.

Naka himself will make a bonsai out of a large
specimen at each lecture session.

Bonsai workshops to be conducted by Mr. Naka, as
announced in the April Bulletin, are filled.

Volume LXIV. Number 5
May 1976

tote .
Cp oe

mg al

IC Met Me Sea, : Waatas, ty
ie Abagag St Er! mS de he ay,

Ramps at the western entrances of the Mediterra-
nean and Desert Houses were designed by architect
Karl Pettit specifically for use by handicapped patrons
to the Garden. The main entrance to the administration
building, located at the southern end of the Garden,
was also renovated recently with the handicapped in
mind and now provides for easy entrance via a ramp.

The Lehmann Building is also equipped with ramps
for the handicapped at its southern and western
entrances which provide complete accessibility to both
the Library and Herbarium as well as the main lobby
and classrooms.

Kenneth Peck, Chairman of the Education Depart-
ment, noted that during a recent class attended by
elementary school children, one non-ambulatory
youngster, although confined to a stretcher, was
nevertheless able to participate.

Wheelchair Tour

The Education Department, said Peck, is also
formulating a map indicating the routes, entrances,
and points of interest which provide for a complete tour
of the Garden by handicapped visitors. Eight stops on
the tour are listed, including the Scented Herb Garden
which is aspecial garden developed particularly forthe
enjoyment of blind visitors.

The Scented Garden, designed by Robert Dingwall
and constructed in 1972, consists of eight beds, 32”
high. Plantings are selected and grouped for their
pleasant characteristics to a visitor's senses of taste,
smell and touch.

FLORA OF WESTERN COLOMBIA IS SUBJECT
OF NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION GRANT

The National Science Foundation has announced
the award of a $19,200 grant to Dr. Alwyn Gentry,
Assistant Curator at the Missouri Botanical Garden, to
study the flora of the Choco region of Western
Colombia. This grant is sponsored by a new division of
NSF for Cooperative Science Programs in Latin
America. It is the first such award made to the Garden.
Under this program a Latin American country and NSF
jointly sponsor and fund a scientific investigator from
each country in a joint investigation. Dr. Gentry is
working in collaboration with Dr. Enrique Forero, head
of the Botany section of the Institute for Natural
Sciences at the National University of Colombia. The
Colombia counterpart of the NSF has awarded a
similar grant to Dr. Forero for this project.

Biologically, Colombia is the richest and most
diverse country in the world. The Choco area, west of
the Andes where Drs. Gentry and Forero will be
working, is the wettest place on earth with 10,000 mm.
of rain a year in places. This rain forest-covered region
is exceedingly rich in animal species, many of which
are found nowhere else in the world. The area,
however, is unexplored botanically. The Choco region
has no roads and has remained relatively isolated. With
the adjacent Darien region of Panama it remains the
last gap in the Pan-American Highway between North
and South America. Increasing population pressure
and work on the last section of the Pan-American
highway now threaten the still unknown vegetation of
the region. This joint project of the Missouri Botanical
Garden and the National University of Colombia aims
at securing herbarium specimens of the flora of this
interesting region and cataloguing its plant species
before they are lost forever.

The Missouri School for the Blind, 3815 Magnolia
Ave., assisted with the planning and installation of
Braille plaques which designate the common and
botanic names of each plant, its description and uses.

New Restroom Facilities

New restroom facilities, being planned in connection
with the development of the Japanese Garden and
English Woodland Garden, will be specially designed
with the handicapped in mind. In addition, the Garden
is pleased to announce the recent donation of a
wheelchair, bringing the total number to two. This
equipment is available, on request, at the Garden's
main entrance.

The Garden will continue its policy of extending
special consideration for the needs of the non-
ambulatory and handicapped visitors in order to
increase their enjoyment of the Garden's many
extraordinary features.

In the April Bulletin, John Elsley, Curator of Hardy Plants,
explained the basic steps taken in the establishment of The
English Woodland Garden at the Missouri Botanical Garden,
and the underlying principles associated with this style of
gardening. He is seen, at left, in photo above discussing
details of the English Woodland Garden with Dr. Peter H.
Raven, Director.

Mr. Elsley’s concluding article, which follows, describes
some of the plants included inthis new garden dedicated this
month as a Bicentennial project.

Deciduous woodlands under natural conditions
usually consist of three major vegetation levels: an
upper tree zone, a middle shrub layer and a lower zone
of herbaceous plants. In nature, these zones, or levels,
are interdependent on each other for their successful
existence; in artificially creating such a woodland
feature, which includes plants from many parts of the
world, this interdependence of plant species, each of
which has basic cultural demands, is cf vital impor-
tance.

Following the initial clearance of unsuitable trees
and shrubs, we were fortunate that remaining were a
selection of mature trees that not only provided the
important shade factor during the late spring and
summer, but at the same time left us with an interesting
botanical “superstructure.” The majority of these trees
are native species from eastern North America

A Diversity

Re on
i, eS

aor

including excellent specimens of the Sugar Hackberry
(Celtis laevigata which is resistant to the Witches
Broom disease so _ prevalent on the common
Hackberry), White Elm (U/mus americana), White
Swamp Oak (Quercus bicolor), Sweet Gum (Nyssa
sylvatica) and lronwood (Ostrya virginiana), the wood
of which is exceptionally hard and ‘bleeds’ profusely
when damaged especially in early spring when the sap
flow commences.

This upper layer is further diversified by specimens
of the Cherry Birch (Betula lenta), Persimmon
(Diospyros virginiana) with its rugged tessellated bark,
Sassafras (Sassafras albidum) and the Carolina Silver
Bell or Snowdrop Tree (Halesia carolina) with its
profusion of white nodding bell shaped flowers in
clusters of three to five produced in early April. During
the early years of this woodland garden, certain less
desirable trees, including Black Locusts (Robinia
pseudoacacia), Black Cherry (Prunus serrotina) and
Cottonwoods (Populus sp.) will be retained as they
contribute valuable shade; but, as newly planted
specimens of more interesting and desirable trees
develop, these will be removed.

The newly planted trees are representative of
temperate floras throughout the world. American oaks
include the Willow Oak (Quercus phellos), Burr Oak
(Q. macrocarpa) and Chinquapin Oak (Q. prinoides)

Continued on next page

Gardening in St. Louis

MAY GARDENING

After the very early Spring we have encountered,
garden chores are now at their peak and must be done
in order to insure a good season for plant growth.

Spring flowering shrubs that flowered earlier, if they
have not been pruned, should be pruned immediately.
Remember that next year’s buds are produced on the
Current season’s wood. In pruning, not only head the
plants back, but in cases where the shrubs have
become rather woody, it is important to prune out
about one-third of the old canes as close to the ground
as possible.

House Plants

House plants can now be moved outdoors after
hardening them off. Move them to a protected area for
two or three days before planting them in their final
position. Plants that are pot-bound should be repotted
and then the pots should be plunged up tothe rimina
semi-shaded spot where they will receive filtered sun
during the morning or afternoon only.

See that plants are kept insect free; that they receive
adequate watering during dry spells; and occasional
feedings of liquid fertilizer to bring them back into top
growth.

The vegetable garden should now be yielding
produce from the early planted material. Warm crops
should be planted as early as possible. Tomatoes
should be set out and mulched for best results later on.

Other plant material in the garden that is already up
would benefit by a light mulch. Increase the mulch as
the plants get bigger until you have two to three inches
of mulch over the garden. This will help to control
weeds, keep the soil cool, insure better growth and,
during wet weather, allow you to walk in the garden and
harvest. However, avoid walking amongst bean plants
when they are wet as this can cause rust.

Planting Annuals

Annual beds should now be planted up by first
incorporating plenty of organic matter and some extra
superphosphate. Do not let these plants sit around or
dry out because once the plants are wilted, growth is
slowed down through the loss of roots. Buy only fresh,
healthy plants from your garden center. The second
planting of gladiola bulbs can now go in for later
cutting.

Fertilizing the garden may be important depending
on the plant growth that you have. If growth appears to
be rather light colored or not moving too actively, it
may need an additional boost of fertilizer. This often is
best done by applying it in liquid form through the
watering can. However, follow the directions on the

container very carefully. If you are using a balanced
powdered fertilizer, itis best to make asmall trench two
or three inches away from the base of the plants,
sprinkle the fertilizer in the trench and then cover over
with soil. This way, you prevent water from splashing
on the fertilizer or getting on the plants which causes
burning.

Roses now need extra strength as, in some cases,
buds are already showing or some blooms are now
beginning to show color. See that the plants are
thoroughly sprayed for insect control and especially
for blackspot and mildew. Container grown roses can
still be set out; plant these the same way you would any
other plants. Loosen the roots around the base so that
they can spread out into the new surrounding area.
Water them in well. Roses, in general, benefit from a
feeding of a liquid fertilizer for an added boost of
growth and color prior to their main flush of blooming.

Care of Spring Bulbs

Spring bulbs which flowered earlier, if they have had
three to four weeks of good growth since the flower
was spaded, can now have the tops removed, cut these
back to ground level. Be careful in planting other
annuals amongst them that you don’t disturb the old
bulbs. If you wish to lift the old bulbs, they should be
very carefully lifted with foliage attached and healed in
at the back of the shrubbery somewhere and the foliage
allowed to dry down naturally. Once the bulbs have
dried down, they should be dug up and the old foliage
and bulb scale should be removed when they are
thoroughly dried. Store the bulbs in well ventilated
areas away from excess moisture.

Good plants for shaded spots in the garden where
you wish a little color are: Caladiums, Impatiens, and
Coleus. These all will give very brilliant color provided
plenty of organic matter is worked into the soil. Urnsin
the window boxes should be planted up immediately.
See that the soil is high in organic matter. Water plants
in with a light feeding of a liquid fertilizer and
remember that container grown plants will need more
feeding throughout the growing season due to the
limited space for root growth.

Robert Dingwall
Chief Horticulturist

The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is publish-
ed 11 issues per year monthly except August, by the Missouri
Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo.
63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo.

M. P. CRONIN, Editor

SUBSCRIPTION RATES:
$5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign.

while the Korean Oak (Q. acutissima) is an excellent
Asiatic member of this genus. Both the American and
European Beeches (Fagus grandifolia and F. sylvatica)
will eventually produce impressive specimens and
should, like the Chinese Chestnut (Castanea
mollissima), Yellow Wood (Cladrastis /utea), Sorrel
Tree or Sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum) and
various Lindens (Tilia sp.) eventually become more
widely planted in St. Louis gardens.

Two trees of considerable botanical interest are the
Franklinia(F. alatamaha), discovered in Georgia by the
great American plant collector John Bartram in 1770,
and since 1790 unknown in the wild state; and the
Paper Handkerchief or Dove Tree (Davidia in-
volucrata), so called because of the conspicious large
white pendulus bracts which surround the flowers.

Several Asiatic magnolia species (M. dawsoniana, M.
cylindrica, M. denudata, M. kobus, M. obovata, M.
salicifolia, M. sieboldii, M. sinensis, M. sprengeri, M.
Wilsonii), in addition to a number of improved named
forms of more commonly cutlivated Magnolia species
will, in future years, provide valuable information
regarding performance in this area of this fascinating
group of flowering trees and shrubs.

The diversity value of trees is exemplified by the
distinct pendulous habit of Young’s Weeping Birch
(Betula pendula ‘Youngii’), the Weeping White Mul-
berry (Morus alba ‘Pendula’) and striking barks, so
valuable for winter effect, are exhibited by the Paper
Birch (Betula papyrifera), Acer capillipes and the
brilliant coral red coloring of Acer palmatum ‘Senkaki’.
The flowering and fruiting combination is represented
by a range of desirable Crabs (Malus).

Massed plantings of azaleas and dogwoods will
annually provide a riot of color during Spring.
Approximately 700 azaleas are representative of three
dozen of the most suitable varieties for cultivation in
this area; the 350 dogwoods demonstrate the diversity
of floral variation available to the gardener within this
genus. The cultivar (Cloud 9) is a prolific bloomer.
‘Cherokee Chief’ has deep rose red bracts. ‘Rubra’ has
pink bracts and ‘Junior Miss’ has acombination of pink
and white. Cornus ‘Eddie’s White Wonder is a tall
growing hybrid between the eastern and western
dogwoods (C. florida x nuttallii). The Chinese
Dogwood (Cornus kousa chinensis) will provide a
spectacular floral display in June followed by a vivid
bronze crimson fall coloration.

Climbing shrubs are represented by an excellent
deep red flowered form of the native Honeysuckle
(Lonicera sempervirens) and a choice Japanese plant
Schizophragma hydrangioides, a climbing Hydrangea
now making its way up the large Sycamore which
dominates the central portion of the garden. An
endangered species from Alabama, Neviusia
alabamensis, a member of the rose family, is ‘of
considerable botanical interest and exemplifies how a
botanical garden functions as a “living museum.”

In addition to existing specimens of native Witch
Hazels (Hamamelis vernalis and H. virginiana), we
included several other hybrids and species of this
genus, Hamamelis mollis from China and several
flower colored hybrids of this species raised in
Belgium, which provide a spectacular floral display in
winter and early spring.

Many of the herbaceous plantings consist of native
American wild flowers, a group of plants of tremendous
diversity, many of which are highly prized by gardeners
throughout the world. The genus Trillium will be
represented by several dozen different species and
forms, while such familiar Missouri natives as the
Bluebell (Mertensia virginica), Dutchman's Breeches
(Dicentra cucullaria), Columbine (Aquilegia canaden-
sis), Bellwort (Uvularia grandiflora) and the Celandine
Poppy (Stylophorum diphyllum) will provide a hint of
the natural treasures to be seen in woodlands around
St. Louis. Our own Gray Summit Arboretum is, of
course, one such excellent location. Several species of
terrestrial orchids (Cypripedium sp.) have become
established and it seems probable that a number of
these rather tricky subjects will become permanent
residents.

Japan, in addition to providing a vast range of
excellent trees and shrubs for cultivation in western
gardens, also supports a fascinating herbaceous flora
— one, incidentally, that in many ways is still under-
exploited. Throughout some of the smaller beds are a
collection of Hostas | was able to collect in Japan and
these indicate the great potential that this genus offers
gardeners. Although attractive in flower, in many cases
the variation in leaf form, shape and color makes these
members of the lily family indispensable for a range of
garden situations. Many members of the Liliaceae are
naturally found in woodland habitats; several Lily
species (e.g., Lilium canadensis, L. superbum) will
provide interest well into the summer months. The
imposing tall spikes of another Liliaceous plant,
Fritillaria imeralis, will appear in April or early May, and
although the plant is rather foetid, nevertheless, it is a
“must” for such a setting!

Even after a very limited experience, it appears that
many of the choice herbaceous plants we have
introduced into the woodland garden will survive the
testing local climate, if full use is made of mulches
which in winter protect the dormant plants from low
temperature damage and in summer help to alleviate
drought. It appears that the development of a
woodland style of gardening will be one important way
in which the Missouri Botanical Garden will, in the
future, be able to expand and diversify its living
collections which will both enrich the aesthetic and
scientific value of our institution.

John E. Elsley
Curator of Hardy Plants

C.C. Johnson Spink — A Dedicated Member
of the Garden’s Board of Trustees

Mr. C. C. Johnson Spink is a current member of the
Garden’s Board of Trustees whose name was in-
advertently omitted from a roster of past and current
trustees in the April Bulletin.

Mr. Spink, editor and publisher of The Sporting
News, has contributed his time and expertise as a
Board member since his election to the Garden’s
governing body in 1974. Since January, 1975, he has
been chairman of the Arboretum Committee.

In addition to devoting his energies to the Garden,
Mr. Spink is a board member on numerous St. Louis
area civic organizations, including the St. Louis
Symphony and the St. Louis Sports Hall of Fame.

PARENT-CHILD DAY AT ARBORETUM ON
SUNDAY, JUNE 6, FOR MEMBERS

The Arboretum will offer a Parent-Child Day on
Sunday, June 6, for Garden Members. This special
event is for the whole family and promises to be an
enjoyable and informative family outing.

Special guest instructors and Arboretum staff
members will work with small groups of families at a
variety of crafts and activities designed to promote the
family’s appreciation of the great outdoor world of
plants and wildlife.

An activities schedule will be available at the
Arboretum’s Visitor Center. Families are invited to
bring a sack lunch and spend the day. Lemonade will
be available.

The Arboretum’s 2200 acres of tranquil Ozark
landscape provide an ideal setting for this special
family event which is being offered again this year in
response to the successful 1975 Parent-Child program
titled “Sense of Wonder.”

June Hutson, Chairman
Arboretum Members Events

Gladys Yates, A Volunteer Who knows Her Business!

Every one of our volunteer workers deserves to be
singled out for unselfish devotion to the Garden. One
such individual is Gladys Yates, who gives her time to
the Garden’s business office twice weekly. Gladys’s
thirty years of experience in accounting and
bookkeeping makes her a_ particularly valuable
member of the staff.

Gladys’s home is most convenient, situated only a
pleasant one block walk from the Garden's front gate.
This location is no accident, having been selected to
provide a suitable setting for daily constitutionals,
taken by Mr. and Mrs. Yates in the park-like at-
mosphere of the Botanical Garden’s grounds.

Even when she is not working at the Garden, Gladys
can be seen strolling through the grounds, enjoying
the changing face of the Garden, observing the
constant progress of the Japanese Garden and the
other projects under way; she is excited at the progress
being made under current leadership.

Gladys provides us with a good example of one who
repays with her own special talents, the gifts bestowed
by the Missouri Botanical Garden. It is a pleasure to
salute her and all her fellow volunteers.

Carol Taxman
Chairman of Volunteers

Member of
The Arts and Education
Fund of Greater St.Louis

Neighborhood Tour of
Historic Homes on May 15 Will Visit
Town House and Tower Grove House

Henry Shaw’s Town House and Tower Grove House
are two of the sites included on the Shaw
Neighborhood Improvement Association's annual tour
of historic homes on Saturday, May 15, from 10:00 A.M.
to 4:00 P.M.

Tickets for the tour, which is open to the public, are
available at the Garden Gate Shop and Tower Grove
House, at $3.50 each before May 15, and $4.00 on the
day of the tour.

Other highlights of the day will be a guided tour of
the privately owned former residence of Henry Shaw's
sister, located in Shaw Place, and aview of the city from
the pinnacle of the historic Reservoir Park Watertower
on Grand Avenue which will be opened for the first time
in three decades.

Group rates are available on request. Contact John
L. Drew III, 772-0040.

Tne out one of then new ‘strollers are Garden members Mr. and Mrs.
Fred L. Schmidt and their daughter, Pamela.

Main Gate To Rent Strollers for Toddlers

Five strollers for toddlers will be available for rental at
the Main Gate during May, June, July and August.
Rental charge per stroller is $1.50, seventy-five cents School district superintendents of the St. Louis Suburban Area

of which will be refunded when the stroller is returned Cooperating School Districts Inc. recently conducted a meeting at
to the Main Gate. the Garden. The organization, which represents 26 member school

districts within St. Louis County, directly contributes to many

This newest service of the Garden is another of Garden and Arboretum education programs. Pictured, from left, are

continuing efforts to respond to public need and Dr. Peter H. Raven, Robert Elsea, Executive Director of the
facilitate visitors’ enjoyment of the Garden. Cooperating School Districts, David Goudy and Kenneth Peck.
MARCH TRIBUTES of Memes oF vio Wallsog C. Gundlach " Mammary of Mrs. Emily Menke
Inor an arilyn azzoni & rs. Kennet . Lissant
In Honor of Mr./Mrs. Stanley Gitt’s In Memory of George A. Hern In Memory of Dorothy McClaskey
25th Anniversary Mr./Mrs. D. R. Niederlander Mr./Mrs. Edw. Heichelbeck
Margery and Malcolm Steiner In Memory of Robert Jeske In Memory of Thomas Parry
In Honor of Mrs. William J. Hedley Mr./Mrs. G. C. Bradshaw petone) and Mc. ans Smy yeer
Board of Religious Organization ; ; n Memory of Mr. Norman
In Memory of Mrs. Eva G. Blayney Hig 2 oe =e Schaumburg
Gloria and Ed Hogbin Claire and Dick Marx Mrs, Theodore C. Eggers
In Memory of aca Ingram F. Boyd, Sr. In Memory of Mrs. Frank T. Schleicher
Mrs. Robert S. Mendelsohn Mr./Mrs. Carl L.A. Beckers
vies St lesa ani dad In Memory of Carl and Helen Koerner ee ue ee
Mr./Mrs. Paul P. Mueller ares
Mr. Charles B. Wheeler : Mr./Mrs. Harry Wuertenbaecher, Jr.
In Memory of Mabelle Erickson a Wen ee must peopel te milney M. Shoenberg
Mrs. Katie Kuhn rae ur unn
Harriette Steuber In Memory of Marjorie Frank Lesser In Memory of br. H. E. Wiedemann
In Memory of Dr. Spencer Freeman Colonel and Mrs. R. E. Smyser Charles S. Fox
Mrs. C. Harry Pujol In Memory of Mr. Donald Mapes August H. Homeyer
in Memory of John be ents Louis and Scott Ittner R. M. Morriss, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Lloyd W. H In Memory of Lucy Mason Gerald F. Pauley
In Memory of es rl Griffith St. Louis Herb Society Leo G. Peck
Lt. Col. and Mrs. Willis L. Mog In Memory of Mr. Walter R. Mayne Arthur S. Schwarz

Delphine and Hardin Smith Mrs. Jerome F. Kircher Benjamin E. Thomas

NEW HENRY SHAW
ASSOCIATES
MEMBERSHIP
MARCH 1976

Miss Harriet J. Tatman

NEW SUSTAINING
MEMBERSHIP
MARCH 1976

Mr./Mrs. Wm. F. Klipsch, Jr.

NEW CONTRIBUTING
MEMBERSHIP
MARCH 1976

Mr./Mrs. Melvin T. Rector

NEW REGULAR
MEMBERSHIPS
MARCH 1976

Mr. David M. Adams
Mr./Mrs. Lowell R. Andrew
Mrs. May Ault

Mr./Mrs. Charles F. Baker
Mr./Mrs. Denis Ball
Mr./Mrs. Stuart A. Bartfeld
Drs. Ronald / Pamela Beach
Mrs. Jeannie Blacklock
Mr./Mrs. Robert G. Blanquart
Mr./Mrs. Brian Borofka
Mr./Mrs. G. M. Brashear
Ms. Alice Faye Brown
Mr./Mrs. M. A. Brown

Ms. Stella C. Brown
Dr./Mrs. Kenneth Bruns
Mr./Mrs. John A. Brutcher
Rev./Mrs. A. J. Buehner
Mr./Mrs. Donald E. Burrus

Mr./Mrs. Charles Campbell
Mr./Mrs. Thomas R. Caples
Mr./Mrs. Homer D. Carter
Ms. Barbara J. Carton

Mr. John R. Christensen
Mrs. Jill M. Clayton
Mr./Mrs. Earle W. Clifford
Ms. Heather Collins
Mr./Mrs. Edward J. Courry
Mr. Kenneth G. Culver
Mr./Mrs. Charles M. DeBlois
Mr./Mrs. R. F. Denison
Mr./Mrs. D. Deufel

Mrs. Elsie H. Downey
Mr./Mrs. Saul A. Dubinsky
Miss Ruth A. Dunham

Mr./Mrs. Herman Easterly, Jr.

Mr./Mrs. Searles Edwards
Mr./Mrs. Frank A. Enger
Mr./Mrs. M. H. Erlich
Mr./Mrs. Oliver E. Evertz
Mr./Mrs. Richard J. Fischer
Mr./Mrs. Richard Franc
Mr./Mrs. James R. Frankson
Ms. Gwendolyn A. Fyfe
Mr./Mrs. Frank Garner
Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Garrecht

Mr./Mrs. Walter A. Garrett, Jr.

Miss Frances E. Gilbert
Mrs. Martha S. Greg
Mr./Mrs. R. Warren Gribben
Mr./Mrs. Arnold Grobman
Mr./Mrs. Raymond L. Gross
Mr./Mrs. James H. Hardt
Mr./Mrs. Harold W. Hegel
Mr./Mrs. James A. Heise
Mr./Mrs. R. K. Helfrich
Mr./Mrs. Norman L. Hente
Mr./Mrs. Albert R. Hoersch
Mr./Mrs. Jim Hoffmeister
Ms. Rozane B. Holtzman
Mr./Mrs. David Honigberg
Ms. Nancy Hope

Mr./Mrs. J. M. Hubenschmidt
Mr./Mrs. Dorsey W. Hurst
Mr./Mrs. J. D. Huxford
Mr./Mrs. Ronald Jamieson
Mr./Mrs. Jack Jennings
Mrs. Mary P. Kast

Mr./Mrs. Norman W. Kathrinus
Dr./Mrs. Maurice J. Keller
Mr./Mrs. Timothy J. Kelley
Mr./Mrs. Clarence C. Kelly
Mr./Mrs. Victor F. Kern
Mr./Mrs. Benjamin C. Klene
Or./Mrs. Fred A. Kramer
Mr./Mrs. Gerhardt Kramer
Mr./Mrs. Anthony Kulczycki, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Orr Lacy

Mrs. Martin Lammert IV
Lady Slipper Garden Club
Ms. Ellen Mackey

Mr./Mrs. Emmett J. Manion
Mr./Mrs. John C. Martz, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Edward M. Mason
Mr./Mrs. Ronald R. Mater
Mrs. Warren J. Matthews
Mr./Mrs. C. S. Mazar
Mr./Mrs. Robert A. McQuie
Mr./Mrs. Richard L. Meirink
Mr./Mrs. James L. Meyer
Capt./Mrs. Thomas R. Mikolajcik
Dr./Mrs. Thomas R. Moon
Mr. Ramon J. Morganstern
Mr./Mrs. Marvin E. Mueller
Mr./Mrs. Victor J. Murphy
Mr. Stephen P. Naber

Mr. Charles A. Nester, Sr.
Mr. Michael E. O’Neal
Mr./Mrs. Gino Pellarin
Mr./Mrs. W. J. Peniston
Patricia F. Pepe, M.S.W.
Miss Kathy D. Perdue
Dr./Mrs. Vincent P. Perna
Mr./Mrs. J. R. Pfaff, Jr.
Dr./Mrs. Walter R. Pfitzinger
Mr./Mrs. H. S. Pruett, Jr.
Ms. Ellen Pusateri

Mr./Mrs. Carl F. Rogge

Mr. Earl Rosen, Jr.

Mrs. Carolyn Roth

Mr. Mathias Safran

Ms. Ruth Lee Saunders
Mrs. Ruth Schmitt

Mrs. W. R. Schneider
Mr./Mrs. Brian L. Scott
Dr./Mrs. Bharat K. Shah
Mr./Mrs. Martin E. Sheets, Jr.

Dr./Mrs. Damon C. Shelton
Mr./Mrs. Robert Srenco
Mr./Mrs. Lloyd R. Streiff
Mr./Mrs. Donald L. Tate
Mr./Mrs. Edmond J. Thomas
Mr./Mrs. Terry M. Turner
Mr./Mrs. Roger F. Urban
Mr./Mrs. S. VanSteenbergh
Mr./Mrs. John Vincenzo
Mr. Joseph A. Waeltermann
Mr./Mrs. John F. Walker
Mr./Mrs. James J. Weaver
Mr./Mrs. Virgil W. Weiss
Mr./Mrs. Stanton L. White
Mr. Richard Wildgrube
Mrs. C. T. Wilson

Mr./Mrs. Raymond Wittcoff
Miss Ruth J. Wohlgemuth
Mr./Mrs. Nelson Wolf

Mrs. Ira Young

Dr./Mrs. Robert C. Young
Mr./Mrs. Janis B. Zvargulis

INCREASE IN
MEMBERSHIP
CONTRIBUTIONS
MARCH 1976

SUSTAINING

Mr./Mrs. John McPheeters

CONTRIBUTING

Mr./Mrs. Downing B. Jenks
Mr./Mrs. Edwin S. Jones
Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Kresko

REGULAR

Mrs. Ralph Appel

Mr./Mrs. Proctor H. Avon
Miss D. Jane Hamilton
Dr./Mrs. E. L. Miller

Miss Marjorie A. Toon
Mrs. Frank Vickery
Mr./Mrs. W. Grant Williams

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

2345 Tower Grove Avenue
Saint. Louis, Missouri 63110

SECOND-CLASS
POSTAGE

PAID
AT ST. LOUIS, MO.

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arden
ulletin

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Volume LXIV. Number 6
June 1976

Heritage and History

Frank Meyer — A Colorful Contributor
to Advancement of Botany

Frank Nicholas Meyer was born in 1875 in The
Netherlands. From childhood he had a great interest in
plants and developed a love for travel, preferably on
foot. At one time in his youth he walked from Holland to
Italy and nearly lost his life in the Alps. Before he came
to the United States in 1900, he worked as head
gardener for the famous botanist Hugo De Vries in the
Amsterdam Botanic Garden. From 1900 to 1905, when
he joined the staff of the United States Department of
Agriculture, he traveled throughout the southern
United States and northern Mexico, on foot. From July,
1904 until July, 1905 he worked at the Missouri
Botanical Garden, presumably also as gardener/hor-
ticulturist. On July 29, 1904, he wrote to friends: “At last
| found a nice position again. | am going to work next
Monday in the Missouri Botanical Gardens. | hope it
will be satisfactory on both sides. It isa good thing | got
this place, for financially | am in pretty bad shape.”

While he was at the Garden he came to the attention
of Dr. David Fairchild of the Office of Seed and Plant
Introduction of the United States Department of
Agriculture, Washington, D.C., who was looking fora
qualified man to send to China for the purpose of
collecting seeds and cultivated plants. Frank Meyer
seemed to fill the bill. He was trained in botany, loved to
travel, was a good linguist and even a Buddhist! He was
selected to go plant collecting in eastern Asia. This was
a newly created position with a look to obtain seeds
and plants for a greater and hardier variety of grains,
fruits and vegetables for the colder parts of the United
States.

Frank Meyer made four trips to China and stayed
each time approximately three years. He introduced
into the United States a large number of species of food
and ornamental plants which had not been cultivated
here before. He discovered the maidenhair tree
(Ginkgo biloba), he found a new lilac (Syringa meyeri)
and all in all introduced more than 2,000 species of
useful and ornamental plants.

On his last trip to China he was caught up in the civil
wars and confined for several months in Ichang. In

Institute for Botanical Documentation. )

May, 1918 he was able to escape and to walk to the
village where he had previously stored his baggage and
collections, and finally caught a boat to Hankow. He
never arrived there. He disappeared from the steamer
during the night of June 1 to 2, 1918 and his body was
later found 30 miles above Wu-hu. It was never
determined whether he fell from board, was pushed or
possibly committed suicide.

Dr. John L. Creech, Director of the United States
National Arboretum, Washington, D.C., who visited
China last year, intended to look for Frank Meyer's
grave in Shanghai. He was driven by the site of the
Bubbling Wells Cemetery; however, the cemetery had
been abandoned and turned into a public park. Dr.
Creech found the small cemetery church still intact,
but nothing remained of the grave sites and he was not
permitted to enter the grounds.

Carla Lange
Assistant Librarian

The English Woodland Garden was dedicated as a
Bicentennial project during outdoor ceremonies on Tuesday,
May 4. After Dr. Peter H. Raven, Director of the Missouri Botanical
Garden, welcomed over 400 invited guests, Mr. Tom K. Smith,
President of the Board of Trustees, introduced Missouri Governor
Christopher S. Bond, who delivered remarks, and Professor John
Heslop-Harrison, Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew,
England, who presented the dedication adaress.

FRONT COVER

After the dignitaries cut the red-white-and-blue ribbon,
Officially opening the new two-acre garden, guests walked along
its shaded pathways and proceeded to a reception near the
Lehmann Building. Mr. H. Parker Smith and Mrs. Shadrach F.
Morris were co-chairmen of program events for the day.

The English Woodland Garden was designed by John E. Elsley,
Curator of Hardy Plants at The Missouri Botanical Garden.

The Alexander Calder Sculpture, “Five Rudders,” will be displayedin
the lily pond this summer, courtesy of the Steinberg Gallery at
Washington University, Graham W. J. Beal, Director.

DONATIONS BEING SOUGHT FOR PURCHASE
OF PORTRAITS OF FAMOUS BOTANISTS

The Garden’s Library has recently been offered an
outstanding collection of portraits of famous botanists
from the period 1750-1840. There are more than fifty
portraits in this collection of engravings and
lithographs, including twenty-five rare portraits of
Linneaus, the Swedish botanist who first systematized
botanical description. The prices for individual por-
traits range from $10 to $175 each, with the total
collection being priced at $4,000. Donations are being
sought to purchase all or part of the collection for
addition to our already substantial group of botanical
portraits. Members interested in contributing toward
the purchase of these materials are invited to contact
Dr. Peter H. Raven, Director, or James Reed, Head
Librarian. Contributions to the Garden are tax deducti-
ble.

Cactus Society Show Aug. 28 — Sept. 6

The Henry Shaw Cactus Society will hold its annual
show in the Floral Display House from Saturday,
August 28, through Monday, September 6. Hours are
from 2 p.m. to5 p.m. on August 28 and from 9 a.m. to 5
p.m. all other days except September 6, when the show
closes at 4:30 p.m.

The theme will be “Americana,” and cacti and
succulents of the American scene will be featured.
Arrangements, decorative classes, specimen plants,
educational and junior classes will be displayed.
Society members will give programs on the culture of
cacti and succulents on Monday through Friday.

Plants will be available for purchase, as will soil
mixture, stationery, macrame hangers and other items
relating to the hobby of cultivating cacti.

Jack D. Pavia, Garden Staff Member, Dies

A valued employee of the Garden, whose competent,
genial service ranged from being Santa Claus at parties
for Members’ children to performing intricate tasks in
maintaining Garden equipment, died of a stroke on
March 23.

He was Jack D. Pavia, age 49.

Jack joined the maintenance staff in 1963, left fora
time for other employment, then returned in 1965 to
take up residence at the Garden with his wife, Connie,
and their daughter Jackie. Other survivors include
three married daughters and five grandchildren.

A native of St. Louis, Jack attended Central High
School and served in the United States Navy for 19
years. He was decorated for military service in both
World War II and the Korean War.

Jack gave of himself to the Garden with as much
dedication as he served his country. Although his
official duties were in Maintenance, and he responded
swiftly to myriad calls for mechanical assistance from
all departments, he rendered special help at social and
cultural functions, particularly those of the Members
Department. Exchanging his work-a-day uniform fora
spiffy red sports jacket, tie, white shirt and slacks. Jack
oversaw behind-the-scenes operations at Preview
Parties, helped direct the flow of people traffic, assisted
television crews with electronic equipment, and tended
bar with expertise and... his ever-engaging smile.

Jack’s service to the Garden is an example long to be
remembered. He will be sorely missed by his
colleagues, family and friends.

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Jack Pavia, right, enjoyed helping out at all Garden functions. This
1972 photograph shows him with Maintenance Head Jim Hampton
festively preparing food at the Staff Picnic.

Gardening in St. Louis

Seat

GARDENING IN JUNE

This month, the garden is now coming into its full
glory; annuals planted earlier are now beginning to
bloom. Many of the perennials that flowered earlier
have stopped flowering and should be pruned back.
Many of the low growing early flowering perennials
need to be cut back severely, such as, Alyssum, Arbis,
Rock cress, and Candytuft, to insure new bracts and
keep the plants very compact and neat looking.

Where gaps exist on the border, annuals still may be
set out or in many of these areas, can be planted by
seed direct using some of the Marigolds and Zinnias
which come on so well from seed sown direct and other
early flowering annuals. Many of these will flower in 6
to 8 weeks giving continual bloom in areas that would
otherwise be bare and open to weed growth.

More mulching should be applied to all parts of the
garden, particularly to vegetable areas to control
weeds and moisture as well as soil temperatures.

Remember to remove faded or spent blooms from
the roses cutting back where necessary to reshape the
plant and to encourage stronger, better growth.

Perennials should not be allowed to go to seed
unless seed is wanted to start new plants, otherwise it
tends to weaken the plants.

The Month To Prune

This is an ideal month to consider pruning; hedges,
evergreens and deciduous types trimmed in formal
fashion should now have the growth cut back to the
desired height and shape. Remember to keep all
hedges wider at the base and narrow toward the topso
that they have the advantage of full light and rain which
should come occasionally.

Pruning of all early flowering shrubs should be
completed as soon as possible. In some cases, remove
one or two of the older canes from Forsythia, Quince,
Mock Orange, and others so that over the period of the
next two or three years you renovate your shrubs
completely encouraging new growth and controlling
the height. Remember in pruning to make select
cuttings at various heights rather than giving that crew
cut appearance.

Pruning of trees, including fruit trees, can be done
this month. Now that they are in full leaf, itis a matter of
pruning out the water or soft growth or some thinning
thinning to allow for better light and aeration through
the plants.

Liquid Fertilizer
Liquid fertilizing may now be needed in various parts
of the garden to stimulate added growth. Roses which
have peaked with the first lot of bloom may benefit by a
liquid feeding. In applying liquid fertilizer, follow the
recommendations and apply liberally around the base
of the plants. Powder fertilizer should be applied

carefully around the plants and then watered in
immediately; if it is allowed to sit on the plants, it will
Cause burning.

Container grown plant material, such as _ roses,
shrubs and even small trees can be set out as long as
the roots are not disturbed and the plants are watered
in well. Again, be sure to dig the holes twice the size
needed supplying good soil with equal amounts of
organic matter and no fertilizer. Mulching heavily with
3 to 4 inches and keeping them watered at regular
intervals will give good growth later in the season.

Container grown plants need not only regular
waterings, but extra feeding to keep them in good
condition. Flowering annuals should be fertilized at
least once a week, when the soil is moderately moist.

Trees and shrubs in containers should receive
regular feedings up to the first of August. These have
limited root growth and therefore use up fertilizer much
faster. Normal trees and shrubs grown outdoors
should not be fertilized after the first of June because
too much growth may be stimulated and cause the
plants not to harden off in the fall.

Container grown material, on the other hand, uses
up fertilizer very rapidly and will harden off properly
fertilized plants up to the first of August.

‘Rose a on Friday, June 4
Preview Party and Dedication of
Lehmann Rose Garden

“Rose Evening,” a preview party for Members of the
Garden, will be held Friday, June 4, from 5:30 to 7:30
p.m.

The party, which will be presented on the Garden
grounds where Members can stroll among the lux-
uriant, blooming rose displays, is sponsored by Aspen
Amercian Motors Corporation/Jeep, Inc., 3600 S.
Kingshighway.

There will be refreshments and special enter-
tainment

The highlight of the evening will be the dedication of
the Lehmann Rose Garden, honoring Mrs. John S.
Lehmann, at 6:15 p.m.

“Rose Evening” is the premiere Members’ event of
the Garden's rose season, which opens following the
two-day show, on Saturday, May 29, and Sunday, May
30, of the Rose Society of Greater St. Louis,

The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is publish-
ed 11 issues per year monthly except August, by the Missouri
Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo.
63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo.

M. P. CRONIN, Editor

SUBSCRIPTION RATES:
$5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign.

How Many Botany Books Did Thomas Jefferson Own?

by Joseph Ewan

Five botany books that Jefferson owned shown here in matching opened at title pages. Persoon’s Enchiridium in two volumes, topped
copies. Humboldt’s classic on plant geography in the foreground. by Miller's Gardener's Dictionary, eighth edition.
Michaux’s folio on American oaks and Tournefort’s Institutiones,

“| rank [botany] with the most valuable sciences,”
wrote Thomas Jefferson,” whether we consider its
subjects as furnishing the principal subsistence of life
to man and beast, delicious varieties for our tables,
refreshments from our orchards, the adornments of
our flower-borders, shade and perfume of our groves,
materials for our buildings, or medicaments for our
bodies.” From this quotation you will see that Jefferson
was looking at botany not so much thru the hand-lens
as with the paring knife and market basket. He did
come to the recreational view when he said “no country
gentleman should be without what amuses every step
he takes into his fields.” He has often been called a
Renaissance man, devoted tothe antiquarian as well as
the novel, and he was certainly the “scientific scout for
America.” Of all the sides of Jefferson his botanical
interests have been little noticed. Millicent Sowerby,
his bibliographer, summed up when she wrote,
Jefferson “never ceased to grow, and consequently our
knowledge of him can never be considered complete.”
Imagine receiving 1267 letters in one’s 77th year alone!
And he lived six years after that.

Jefferson — A Bibliophile

If you would know aman’s real interests, inspect his
library. Jefferson bought books, directly and through
his agents and friends; he sought out particular
editions, and solicited help from his overseas cor-
respondents to keep him informed — he was a
bibliophile. And yet he did not buy antiquarian items
for their own sake, but collected botany books to read
and to consult. He did not use a bookplate but initialed
his books internally at the signature marked “I” (since
the J was not in use), and at‘“T’”, andso perhaps copies
of Jefferson’s books may still be overlooked. From his
handwritten catalogue of 1783, and the printed
catalogue prepared in November 1815 at the time of the
sale of his books to the Library of Congress, which was
being started anew after the British had burned it inthe
War of 1812, and from records of his letters, etc., Miss
Sowerby reconstructed a collection of nearly 5,000
volumes. Another tragedy came in 1851 when fire in the
Library of Congress destroyed 2/3 of his books. Of all
the botany books Jefferson had owned, only one title,
Muhlenberg’s Cata/ogus of 1813, survived. When Miss
Sowerby was compiling the 5-volume inventory of
Jefferson's library | talked with her about the history of
his collection. She believed that those books not
burned in that 1851 fire were picked up and carried off,
or were so water soaked as to have been discarded.
This sale of 1815 had been of his second library.
Jefferson’s first library was destroyed in 1770 — he was
27 then — when his mother’s mansion burned. As
Randolph Adams has commented, “it almost seems as
though some ghostly pyromaniac had pursued Mr.
Jefferson all of his days.” After he had sold his second
library he began selecting 8000 titles for his planned

ne par PT Redan.

QUERCUS Banilleri.

University of Virginia, and half of these were lost in the
burning of the Rotunda in 1895. This detail is to
underline Jefferson’s enthusiasm for books.

Linnaeus Has Largest Representation

The whole story of Jefferson’s botany books cannot
be told here — only some remarks on the 38 botanical
titles, these apart from books on horticulture or
agriculture, two subjects he also read and collected
with vigor. Sixteen of his botany books were in Latin —
dating from a 1549 Dioscorides to Muhlenberg’s
check-list of American plants, the presentation copy
that | mentioned above as having survived. He
purchased a 1644 Theophrastus, a 1769 Oeder, a 1731
Boerhaave, and the 3-volume 1719 Tournefort /n-
stitutiones. The botanical author with the largest
representation was Linnaeus — nine titles, including
the Critica and the Flora lapponica, both published in
1737. Other Linnaean items in Jefferson’s library were
the 1763 Philosophia, 1764 Genera, 1762 Species
plantarum, 1786 Fundamenta, 1771 Mantissa, and two
English language titles, the 1782 Svstem and 1785
Sexes of plants, edited by James Edward Smith. This
exceptional collection of Linnaeana, surely the largest
private collection in America by 1815, was due to his

QUERCUS macrocarpa

Proscine’ par BF Hed

The celebrated Redoute and his brother Henri-Joseph drew the oaks
for Michaux’s memoir; the overcup oak, above, and Banister’s, on the
left. Michaux based the name on Banister’s description of a dwarf
Virginia oak.

purchase of Rev. Samuel Henley’s books in 1785.
Henley taught at the College of William and Mary but
returned to England on the eve of the Revolution. His
interest in Linnaeus may have been related to his
studies of biblical commentary. | cannot discover that
Henley ever wrote a paper on his evident interest in
Linnaeus.

Of the 13 books on botany written in English which
Jefferson owned, nine were purchased, including
Parkinson’s Theatrum of 1640 — someone may
discover Jefferson’s ownership recorded in this book
still rather common today. He owned the New York
imprint of Erasmus Darwin's Botanic Garden 1798, and
Rousseau’s Letters on the Elements of Botany (1785).
On April 24, 1786, Jefferson visited James Lee’s
nursery at Hammersmith then outside London,
purchased American plants for a friend in Tours, and
evidently acquired the nursery catalogue of 1784 on
that visit.

That Jefferson was not keenly aware of color values
in plates of different editions is shown by the fact he
owned the first edition of Catesby’s Natural History,

which carries the plates done under Mark Catesby’s
own supervision, and exchanged it in 1789 for the
second edition. Singularly in Notes on Virginia
Jefferson mentions that the “coloring [of the second
edition] . . . is generally too high,” and, indeed, that is
true when copies of the first, second, and third editions
are compared side by side.

Jefferson gave his philosophy of book collecting to
the Baltimore bookseller, William Fleischer, “my own
collection furnishing things o/d and my time not
permitting me to read but what is good. The title will
enable me to judge whether the subject interests me.”

Some of the books Jefferson owned are known
solely from his record. John Randolph, Jr. a kinsman,
published a Treatise on Gardening in Richmond in
1793, but no copy is known today. John Gardiner, a
Georgetown publisher, reprinted Randolph's text
within his own American Gardener in 1818. Did
Gardiner once own a copy of Randolph's Treatise from
which he took the text? Another puzzle is what edition
of Valmont de Bomare’s Dictionnaire d'Histoire
Naturelle Jefferson owned for in his manuscript
catalogue he recorded nine volumes in duodecimo but
no such edition of that little consulted but highly useful
reference work is known.

Among Jefferson’s books there is alost hortus siccus
assembled by Captain Jacob Crowninshield of Salem,
who sailed the seven seas from 1790 to 1796, visiting
the West Indies, Calcutta, and Mauritius. He brought
back the first live elephant to be seen in the United
States in April, 1796, but at thirty one he docked his
ship for politics. Crowninshield went from the
Massachusetts State senate to United States Congress
but he died at thirty eight while Congress was in
session. After his death a dried plant collection was
sent to Jefferson by their mutual friend, the Unitarian
Rev. William Bentley, who also sent drawings made by
Miss Crowninshield. We know only Jefferson’s
description of both the herbarium and the drawings: “I
have certainly never seen anything, in either way,
equally perfect, and! esteem them as models which will
not, | believe be exceeded.”

What of Jefferson’s Knowledge of Botany?

But what of Jefferson’s actual knowledge of botany?
Was he interested in botanical detail? He included 129
plants in his Notes on the State of Virginia published in
Paris in 1784-85. He had based his identifications on
Gronovius’ Flora Virginica, second edition, which in
turn had been based on the researches of Virginia’s two
pioneer botanists, John Banister and John Clayton.
There was a copy of Flora Virginica in his purchase of
Rev. Henley’s library in 1785, but that was in Virginia,
and he was then in Paris. That suggests he must have
used a library copy. We knowhe bought asecond copy
of Flora Virginica from his Paris bookseller in 1787.

Although we cannot now gain firsthand answers
from annotations that he may have made in his own

SYNOPSIS
PLANTARUM,

SEU

NCHIRIDIUM BOTANICUM,

UMERATIONEM SYSTEMATICAM SPECIERUM

NHUCUSQUER COGNITARUM

Ds. CC. PERSOON,

PARS PRIMA

a
PARISIIS LUTETIORUM,

Persoon’s Synopsis or Enchirldium was a remarkable attempt to
digest the world’s floras in two closely printed handbooks.

copies, we do see that his interest moved him to
purchase four-fifths of the botany books in his library.
Jefferson’s understanding of botany and particularly
plant classification may be seen in a persuasive letter
he wrote to Dr. John Manners in 1814 evidently in reply
to his correspondent’s query as to why Jefferson would
cling to the Linnaean artificial scheme of classification
over the natural system of Jussieu which was then
being talked about. “Il adhere to the Linnaean
[system],” Jefferson wrote, ‘because it is sufficientas a
groundwork; admits of supplementary insertions, as
new productions are discovered, and mainly because it
has got into so general use that it will not be easy to
displace it.” He listed three advantages offered by the
Linnaean system: first, of aiding the memory to retaina
knowledge of plants, secondly, “of rallying all to the
same names for the same objects, so that [one] could
communicate understandingly on them,” and, thirdly,
of enabling the inquirer to trace an unknown by its
characters “up to the conventional name by which it
was agreed to be called.” “Linnaeus’ method was
received, understood, and conventionally settled
among the learned and was even getting into common
use. To disturb it then was unfortunate, the newsystem
attempted in botany by Jussieu [is a] subiect of the
same regret ... Wildenow and Persoon have incor-
porated into Linnaeus the new discovered plants.”
Jefferson’s position in science may be called that of a
Cautious liberal, “with an evident reluctance at times to
break with obsolescent beliefs.” He accepted Linnaeus
for the practical use that the scheme of counting
stamens and pistils for identification could offer.

Jefferson was always motivated by the pragmatic, the
functional, in such matters. It is reasonable to think he
examined the nine Linnaean titles he owned and was
impressed, as others of his contemporaries were, with
the appeal of the sexual system.

For botanical questions Jefferson most frequently
consulted Philip Miller's Gardener’s Dictionary, eighth
edition, which followed the Linnaean arrangement.
Humphry Marshall twenty years later also arranged his
inventory of American trees by the Linnaean scheme.
When writing to William Randolph in Boston on the
plan for a botanic garden for a public school, Jefferson
advised that any method for classifying plants “cannot
be but artificial, that of Linné is good enough and
easy.” Nomenclature was not to be confused with the
“true science” which groups plants by “different orders
of affinity in which nature has distributed them.” “It is
incredible” he added, “what consequence this new
study [Jussieu’s Natural System] has had in so shorta
time, on all the arts that depend upon the knowledge of
vegetables.” It was just about the year of Jefferson’s
death, 1826, that John Torrey first used the Natural
System in an American botany book.

Jefferson and Benjamin Smith Barton

Like “pictures at an exhibition” let me select authors
who presented copies of their botanical writings to
Jefferson and sketch in their backgrounds. Benjamin
Smith Barton was the best-known native American
botanist, a friend of Jefferson’s, and his associate inthe
American Philosophical Society. On at least one
occasion he borrowed Jefferson’s copy of Persoon’'s
Enchiridium. Jefferson selected Barton to prepare the
natural history report for the Lewis and Clark expedi-
tion, but Barton died in 1815 at the age of 49 before
succeeding. Barton shared Jefferson's enthusiasm for
books, and like him, was a voluminous correspondent.
He was the author of the first textbook of botany
published in the United States. In 1798 Barton
dedicated his New Views with the declaration “I Know
not that any person has paid so much attention to the
subject [which this book] involves... . | am confident,
from my personal acquaintance with you, that you are
anxious for the discovery of the truth, and ardent to
embrace it, in whatever form it may present itself. It is
the jewel which all good and wise men are in pursuit of.
It is the punctum saliens of science.” When in 1792
Barton proposed the genus Jeffersonia, he insisted he
had “no reference to [Jefferson’s] political character,
or to his reputation for general science, and literature.
My business,” Barton said, “was his knowledge of
natural history. In the various departments of this
science, but especially in botany and in zoology, the
information of this gentleman is equalled by that of few
persons in the United States.” After the return of the
Lewis and Clark party from the Pacific Northwest
Barton asked Jefferson if, pursuant to his continuing

interest in Indian languages, he could furnish a sample
of Pawnee vocabulary. We know that Barton visited
Monticello at least once, for on Sept. 22, 1806, Robert
Fulton wrote Charles Willson Peale that Barton was
“philosophizing with the President” there. In August,
1808, when the President’s grandson, Thomas Jeffer-
son Randolph, was to be sent to Philadelphia “to attend
lectures in those branches of science which cannot be
so advantageously taught anywhere else in America”
he asked Doctors Wistar and Barton if lodging might be
had for him among the faculty there. It was the practice
for some members of the University of Pennsylvania
faculty to take in selected students during the lecture
period; whether Dr. Barton ever replied we do not
know, but Dr. Wistar wrote Jefferson that Charles
Willson Peale would accept Mr. Randolph as a
“boarder.” Fora 12 dollar fee the grandson enrolledina
natural history course with Dr. Barton that Fall and for
20 dollars, for anatomy “with benefit of actual
dissections” with Dr. Wistar. Jefferson wrote Barton,
October 12th, 1808, that his grandson’s “natural turn is
very strongly to the objects of [Barton’s] courses.”
Jefferson was dismayed at the protracted delays in the
appearance of the Lewis and Clark natural history
discoveries. In April, 1813, he asked Barton, “when
shall we have your book on American botany, and
when the 1st volume of Lewis and Clarke’s travels?”
But Barton, who suffered from alternate bouts with
gout and with the University of Pennsylvania faculty,
could not satisfy Jefferson’s hopes, and in a letter to
Alexander von Humboldt in December of that year,
Jefferson lamented “the botanical and zoological
discoveries of Lewis will probably experience greater
delay, and become known to the world through other
channels before that volume will be ready.”
Jefferson had a special friendship for Bernard
M’Mahon, the Philadelphia nurseryman, whom he had
delegated to watch over the plant novelties brought
back by Lewis and Clark. Jefferson divided the seeds
between M’Mahon and William Hamilton who main-
tained an estate garden called the Woodlands now in
present day Philadelphia. M’Mahon presented a copy
of his American Gardener's Calendar (1806) to
Jefferson who replied he had no doubt “it will be found
an useful aid to the friends of an art, too important to
health and comfort and yet too much neglected in this
country.” Jefferson bought a second copy of the
Gardener's Calendar two years later for $3.50.

French Correspondents

“| have never seen a reason why every farmer should
not have a sugar orchard, as well as an apple orchard,”
Jefferson wrote to a correspondent in France in 1808.
An advocate of maple sugar through his lifetime,
Jefferson joined with Dr. Benjamin Rush in stressing
the advantages of its use in a paper published by the
American Philosophical Society. Maple sugar was

Tournefort's dissections of flowers — tobacco, for example — clarify
the characters of plant families.

used exclusively at his Monticello table. Frangois
Michaux, could furnish plants and seeds of the sugar
maple. It was Francois’ father, André, who introduced
Albizzia, called “Silktree” by Jefferson. And André was
to lead a western reconnaissance in 1792 only to be
suspected a French spy and recalled. Theson Francois
evidently enjoyed Jefferson’s friendship over the years.
Francois gave Jefferson a copy of his natural history of
forest trees. With his thanks Jefferson remarked, “|
sincerely wish. . . that the citizens of the United States
may not be wanting in due encouragement to it.
Nothing should be spared which | could do to befriend
it.” During Jefferson’s Paris years he visited private
cabinets and royal collections, and sought the promi-
nent figures in natural history, Buffon, Daubenton,
Lacépedé, and particularly André Thouin and Madame
Noailles de Tessé, cousin of Lafayette. Her letters —
and there were more botanical letters between them
than any other French correspondent — often included
plant lists, desiderata, and exchanges of seeds for her
“botanical paradise.” Jefferson gave Monroe, who was
then on a mission to Paris, and whom he identified as
“my close, my best friend, & the honestest man on
earth,” a letter to deliver, confiding, ‘| own, my dear
Madame, that | cannot but admire your courage in
undertaking now to plant trees. It has always been my
passion; insomuch that | rarely ever planted a flowerin

my life.” He added, “I! believe | shall become a florist”
after returning to Monticello. The War of 1812 with its
blockade of Philadelphia interrupted the exchange of
seeds and books with his French correspondents, but
Thouin’s parcel of seeds arrived and was sent on to
M’Mahon since Jefferson felt that the chances for their
successful cultivation was greatest under M’Mahon’s
care. On one occasion Thouin, “a great admirer of
America,” sent Jefferson 700 species. Clearly this was
one of the chief avenues of horticultural exchange
between France and America in this era.

Other French connections included Raffeneau-
Delile, onetime vice consul at Wilmington, North
Carolina, whose writings on the Egyptian flora are
classic. Then there was Palisot de Beauvois, described
by Jefferson as a “literary friend and acquaintance of
mine,” who under patronage of the Quaker physician,
Caspar Wistar, prepared a catalogue of Peale’s
museum in Philosophical Hall. Palisot de Beauvois first
visited Philadelphia in 1791 after tramping about Benin
and Old Calabar for fifteen months, sending plants and
insects to Jussieu, and barely escaping fatal bouts of
fever. Palisot de Beauvois is hardly typical of the closet
botanist: teacher of French, musician who played ina
circus troop, who was shipped with slaves across the
Atlantic, survived a protracted voyage to Haiti, and who
escaped execution there by the intercession of a
mulattress. Who says systematic botany is dry as dust?

Today with botanical libraries pretty generally
accessible to us it is hard to imagine that in 1810 there
was one copy of Persoon’s Synopsis plantarum, often
called the Enchiridium, in the United States and so
when Jefferson was presented with a copy by the
author, Dr. Barton asked to borrow the duodecimos.
When Jefferson posted the Persoon to Barton he
explained that he was sending one volume at a time so
as not to burden the mails! Dr. Barton proved the rule
when five years later Jefferson had to write to Barton
requesting its return.

Alexander von Humboldt

There were also Germans in Jefferson’s coterie of
bookmen. Alexander von Humboldt was introduced to
Jefferson at the infant Washington capital by Dr. Wistar
in 1804. Jefferson was delighted with Humboldt, as was
Dolly Madison, who wrote her sister, “we have lately
had a great treat in the company of a charming
Prussian Baron von Humboldt. All the ladies say they
are in love with him, notwithstanding his want of
personal charms. He is the most polite, modest, well-
informed and interesting traveller we have ever met,
and is much pleased with America.” He was Jefferson’s
house guest and one morning he found Jefferson on
the floor romping with his grandchildren. For a few
moments Jefferson did not notice Humboldt standing
there and when he stood and shook hands with him he
said, ‘You've found me playing the fool, Baron, but I’m

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Humboldt's expanded essay on plant distribution of 1817, one of his
gifts to Jefferson, included a chart of vertical zonation of vegetation
that was to stimulate new topics of investigation.

sure | don’t need to make any apology to you.’ Years
later Jefferson opened Humboldt’s gift copy of his
Tableaux de /a Nature (Paris, 1808), and after that, his
little classic on plant geography. Jefferson told Dr.
Wistar that Humboldt’s ‘treasures of information are
inestimable, and fill us with impatience for their
appearance in print.”

One booknote on Humboldt: Jefferson presented his
copy of Playfairs Geometry but failed to inscribe the
book. Humboldt wrote, “you will admit, [this] may
cause me some embarrassment later.” The failure of
dealers to record the proper release of duplicate books
they have acquired from libraries distresses me. | find
my sympathies with Humboldt.

William Roscoe of Liverpool

William Roscoe was born in Liverpool in 1753, the
year that Linnaeus’s Species plantarum appeared in
Stockholm. Roscoe was the son of an innkeeper and
market gardener, who as a lad enjoyed fishing along
the banks of the Mersey, was apprenticed to a

bookseller, and before he was twenty had published
poetry which was praised by Sir Joshua Reynolds. At
35 Roscoe entered politics as a critic of slavery,
meanwhile finding time to write two biographies: of
Lorenzo de Medici, and of Pope Leo X. Roscoe’s
botanical interest came when he was nearing fifty,
fostered by James Edward Smith, founder of the
Linnean Society. As a public citizen of Liverpool
Roscoe was responsible for the opening of the city’s
botanic garden, and it was a copy of the garden
Catalogue that he gave to Jefferson. It was hand
delivered by John Bradbury, who visited St. Louis to
and from his journeys on the upper Missouri River.
Bradbury was a houseguest at Monticello. Roscoe sent
Jefferson a tract, an address on the values of botany as
a popular pastime. In his essay Roscoe wrote botany
was “peculiarly proper for youth, to whose unperverted
minds the study of natural objects is always an
interesting occupation, . . .an innocent anda healthful
amusement. [Youth] will familiarize themselves to that
regulated train of ideas, which is of use not only in
every other department of natural knowledge, but in all
the concerns of life.”

American Bookmen

Of authors born in America who gave their books to
Jefferson, Shecut is little known today. When Dr.
William Baldwin visited Charleston in 1811 he was
disappointed with the botany he found there. He
remarked that Dr. Shecut and the French horticulturist
Noisette, associated with rose culture, “have at least
some zeal for botany.” Dr. Shecut promptly sent
Jefferson a copy of his Flora Carolinaeensis: or a
historical, medical, and economical display of the
vegetable kingdom, volume one, published in
Charleston 1806. Jefferson was pleased with Shecut’s
book, which he commented to the author contained
“much new matter,” adding, “it promises to be among
the most useful manuals in that science.” But Dr.
Stephen Elliott and some others more versed in botany
disparaged Shecut’s manual. There may have been
some falling out between the two Charlestonians, since
when Elliott later published his classic Sketch — amost
modest title for an important flora of South Carolina
and Georgia, and which has recently been reprinted —
he did not mention Shecut although his roster of
indebtednesses was long. Dr. Shecut, poor fellow, had
been baptized John Linnaeus Edward Whitridge
Shecut! Volume two was never published, and soft-
spoken Dr. Darlington of West Chester, laid that to
Shecut’s “pecuniary embarrassments.” Jefferson,
however, was faithful to Shecut and some years later
lamented the want of the second volume, “I have been
in the constant hope of seeing the 2nd vol. of your
excellent work.” 20th century medical writers declare
that Shecut was a “colorful and energetic practitioner.”

There was Benjamin Waterhouse, “the fiery old
vaccinator,” of Newport, Rhode Island, who had lived
with Dr. John Fothergill in England, and who returned
to America at 28 to teach “theory and practice of
physic” at Harvard, without salary, relying for fifteen
years only on students’ fees. He gathered his lectures
on botany for the lay public into a slender volume
called The Botanist, and presented a copy to Jefferson
with the remark that “the Essex Junto had got such an
entire possession of [Harvard], & had made it a fort, or
stronghold, whence to annoy republicanism, that | saw
| must quit them; and this expedited the publication of
the Botanist.” Jefferson replied that “the clergy, who
are afraid of science every where,” control it in New
England. Dr. Waterhouse was unwilling to admit of the
rising accent of clinical experience in medical educa-
tion above the theoretical didactic approach, andso he
was forced to resign the next year. Though testimony
of his botanical interest is preserved today in a
collection of 200 dried plant specimens with his
medicinal notes, Waterhouse contributed no new
concepts or information to botany.

His Sole Surviving Botany Book

If you visit the Rare Book Room of the Library of
Congress today you may see the sole surviving botany
book that Jefferson held in his hand, a modest
Catalogue of North American plants published in
Lancaster, Pennsylvania, by a Lutheran clergyman,
Henry Muhlenberg, of that city. He was born ten years
after Jefferson; he was educated in Halle, and at 21
returned to Pennsylvania. The Philadelphia area was a
seedbed of natural history. There were the Bartrams on
the Schuykill, Barton teaching at the University,
Darlington writing energetically in West Chester, and
Muhlenberg preaching and botanizing in Lancaster.
Humboldt, although anxious to return home from his
travels in the Americas, sought out Reverend
Muhlenberg in his own habitat to talk botany. This early
period of the Republic was marked by two sources of
bitterness: American discoveries were being an-
nounced in Europe and, with edge-bone competition,
explorers, mostly from Europe, were scurrying to find
the novelties. In America patrons were few, financial
support uncertain, the government involved with other
concerns. Oiled by jealousy this competition kept the
movements of botanical explorers secret, and makes
our efforts to trace their routes particularly difficult.
The gentle Muhlenberg saw the paralysis that came
with such competition and wrote with the spirit of
science, “remember me to all valuable gentlemen who
are unknown to me... try to open communion and
correspondence with such. By joining hands, we may
do something clever for the science.”

Let Jefferson have even yet the valediction: “What a
field have we at our doors to signalize ourselves in! The
Botany of America is far from being exhausted.”

A Note on Sources

This essay could not have been written without Emily
Millicent Sowerby’s Catalogue of the Library of Thomas
Jefferson, 5volumes, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.,
1952. Her arrangement for “Botany” (1:479-495) is
chronological, 1549-1813. My opening quotation — from
Jefferson's letter to Thomas Cooper, Oct. 7, 1814— appears
on p. 479. Miss Sowerby’s account is essentially reproduced,
with some additions, by Marion B. Savin and. Harold J.
Abrahams in the Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. Jour. 75;44-52.
May, 1959.

A friendly librarian, Randolph G. Adams, converses on
Jefferson's viscissitudes in book collecting in Three
Americanists, Phila., 1939. For a sketch of Samuel Henley,
D.D., 1740-1815, who may have preceded the physicians
Benjamin Waterhouse or Adam Kuhn as a teacher of natural
history in the Colonies, see Gerald Patrick Moriarty in.the
Dictionary of National Biography. John Custis of
Williamsburg evidently did not confer often,with his fellow
townsman if we follow the correspondence of Custis with
Peter Collinson in E.G. Swem’s Brothers of the Spade
(Worcester, 1949). Jefferson’s view on the Linnaean
classification is quoted from a“Plan for a botanick garden for
a public school on the most useful and least expensive plan”
published in the Bulletin of the Pacific Tropical Botanic
Garden, 1(2):6-7. 1971.

See E.J. Willson’s James Lee and the Vineyard Nursery,
Hammersmith, London, 1961, for some hard-to-find, com-
mentary on Anglo-American relations in horticulture. Mar-
jorie Fleming Warner provided background information and
bibliography in a Richmond (1924) reprint of A Treatise-on
Gardening by John Randolph, Jr., incorporated in\Gardiner
and Hepburn’s American Gardener, ed. 3, Washington City,
1826.

Prof. E.M. Betts assembled the single most useful
reference on Jefferson’s botanical interests, in Thomas
Jefferson’s Garden Book, 1766-1824, published by the
American Philosophical Society in 1944. Jefferson's Notes is
available in modern editions; Betts summarized the botanical
content (pp. 644-648).

The backgrounds of Virginia botany may be tracedin John
Banister and his Natural History of Virginia, 1678-1692, by
Joseph and Nesta Ewan, Univ. Illinois Press, 1970. John
Banister’s grandson was a correspondent of Jefferson. John
Clayton, Pioneer of American Botany, by Edmund and
Dorothy Berkeley, Univ. North Carolina Press, 1963, details
the period between Banister and Jefferson:

For a sketch of Benjamin Smith Barton, listing primary and
secondary sources, see the Dictionary of Scientific
Biography, 1:484-486. 1970; and for Bernard M’Mahon, vour.
Soc. Bibliography of Natural History, 3:363-380. 1960.

Benjamin Rush read his “Account of the sugar maple-tree
of the United States” before the American Philosophical
Society on August 9, 1791, and it was published in its
Transactions in 1793.

For letters to and from Lafayette’s cousin, Comtesse
Noailles de Tessé, and those of André Thouin, see E.M: Betts,

Thomas Jefferson's. Garden Book. Other “French connec-

tions” will be noticed in Chapter Ill of Norman B. Wilkinson's
E.!. du Pont, .Botaniste, the beginning of a tradition,
Charlottesville, 1972. A sketch of Palisot de Beauvois, with
references, will be found in; the often overlooked Early

Bryological Literature by W.D. Margadant, published by the
Hunt Botanical Library, Pittsburgh, 1968.

Douglas Botting relates the Humboldt episode as confided
by Dolly Madison in his striking Humboldt and the Cosmos,
Harper & Row, 1973. Charles A. Browne considers “Thomas
Jefferson and the scientific trends of his time” inan excellent
essay in Chronica Botanica, 8:1-64. 1944, wherein Hum-
boldt’s De Distributione geographica plantarum (1817) is
noticed, and selections from Jefferson’s correspondence are
quoted. Humboldt’s biographer, Helmut de Terra, quotes
Humboldt’s remark concerning his copy of Playfair in Proc.
Amer. Philos. Soc., 103:790. 1959.

William Roscoe’s son, Henry, extolled his father in a
biography published in 1833 in two volumes. The quotation
from William Roscoe’s tract entitled an Address at the
opening of the Botanic Garden of Liverpool, Previous to
opening the Garden, May 3, 1802, published in Liverpool that
year, appears in volume 1, p. 258, of Henry Roscoe's life of his
father, George Chandler fills in the Roscoe backgrounds in
WilliamRoscoe of Liverpool, London, 1953. John Bradbury
and his associates are sensitively portrayed in Susan Delano
McKelvey’s, Botanical exploration of the Trans-Mississippi
West, Jamaica Plain, 1955. William Baldwin's cor-
respondence, particularly with Stephen Elliott, was publish-
ed by William Darlington as. Reliquiae Baldwinianae,
Philadelphia, 1843, and/reprinted, with added notes and
essential indices, by Hafner Press, N.Y., 1969. Baldwin met
“the. venerable Mr. Bradbury” in St. Louis in 1819, when
Bradbury’s visit had a.‘most exhilarating effect upon [his]
health and spirits.” Considerable disagreement obtains
regarding what contribution. J.L-E.W. Shecut made to
American natural history, and. medicine. Thomas Cary
Johnson, Jr., Scientific interests inthe Old South, New York,
1936, Joseph loor Waring, History of Medicine in South
Carolina, Columbia, $.C,, 1964, and A.R. Childs, in the
Dictionary of American Biography, favored Shecut in their
accounts but Stephen Elliott and William Baldwin held a
more critical view. Considering the role played by the
“Jenner of America” it is surprising that no full length
biography of Benjamin Waterhouse has been written. H.R.
Viets wrote the account for the Dictionary of American
Biography and more recently George E. Gifford has
presented a vignette of Waterhouse in the Harvard Medical
Alumni Bulletin, 44(2):14-16. 1969. Rev. Henry Muhlenberg’s
life and works were analyzed by E.D. Merrill and Shin-ying Hu
in Bartonia, 25:1-66. 1949 and the wider considerations were
drawn by Paul A.W. Wallace in the Muhlenbergs of Penn-
sylvania, Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, 1950.

Joseph Ewan

How Many Botany Books Did Jefferson Own?, published in
the June, 1976 issue of The Missouri Botanical Garden
Bulletin, was_delivered as a lecture in February, 1976 ina
series..of Bicentennial programs, “The World of Thomas
Jefferson,” sponsored by The Missouri Botanical Garden and
other cultural and educational institutions in St. Louis,
Missouri.

Joseph A: Ewan, B. A., D. Sc., considered one of the
nation’s leading botanical historians, holds the Ida Richard-
son Chair of.Botany in.the Biology Department at Tulane
University.

Dr. Jacob R. Schramm Dies;
Assistant to Director of Garden, 1912-1915

Dr. Jacob Richard Schramm, a former Assistant to
the Director of the Missouri Botanical Garden from
1912-1915, died recently at the age of 90, in West-
minster Village North, Indiana. His death represents a
tremendous loss to both the botanical and academic
communities in which Dr. Schramm was considered a
preeminent scholar.

Until his death, Dr. Schramm was actively involved in
writing and research projects as Research Scholar in
the Botany Department, Indiana University, where he
continued receiving awards and recognition from
fellow botanists.

Dr. Schramm attended Wabash College and com-
pleted his graduate studies at Washington University
where he was appointed a Lackland Fellow by Dr.
George T. Moore, InJune, 1913, Dr. Schramm received
his Ph.D. and continued at Washington University as
an Instructor in Botany. From 1912-1915, he assisted
Dr. George T. Moore who had been appointed Director
of the Missouri Botanical Garden.

Following his work at the Garden and Washington
University, Dr. Schramm assumed the Directorship of
General Botany at Cornell University. While a
professor at Cornell, he realized the need for an
abstracting journal in the botanical field. All fields of
botany were expanding so rapidly, that it was becom-
ing a near-hopeless problem to find, much less keep up
with, the ever increasing numbers of scholarly
publications. It was hardly surprising that Dr. Schramm
co-founded a publication called Botanical Abstracts
which he edited from 1921-1926.

Important and large as the Botanical Abstracts
project was, Dr. Schramm worked to broaden this new
journal to include the abstracting of published articles
from the whole field of biology (exclusive of medicine).
As a result of his efforts, Botanical Abstracts became
Biological Abstracts.

Today, Biological Abstracts is as indispensable as it
is voluminous. It undertakes to abstract the world
literature in biology. Its success is measured somewhat
by its coverage of more than 8,000 periodicals from
some 107 countries, territories, and commonwealths.

Retirement came to Dr. Schramm at age 70 years, in
1955. As recently as 1966, he published a 194-page
research study on the Ecology of Black Mining Wastes
from Antracite Mining, for which he was given the Merit
Award of the Botanical Society of America.

Dr. Schramm was a prolific contributor to the field of
Botany and will indeed be missed by all in the botanical
community who have benefited immeasurably from his
lifelong efforts.

Jack Humbles
Curatorial Supervisor
Department of Botany

New Flora of Panama Grant Awarded by
National Science Foundation

The National Science Foundation recently awarded
the Garden a $50,900 grant for continuation of the
Flora of Panama Project. This project, under the
direction of Dr. Thomas B. Croat, will be completed by
the fall of 1977, thus ending work begun more than 30
years ago. When complete, the Flora of Panama will
contain descriptions of more than 12,000 species of
plants from Panama with keys for their identification.
The project has supported research by many botanists
on plant families which occur in Panama. The Garden,
partly with funds from the National Science Founda-
tion and jointly with the Smithsonian Tropical
Research Institute in Panama, maintains a small
herbarium and collecting facility in Panama.

The project has also supported numerous field
expeditions to Panama. Many of the plant specimens
which have been used in the Garden's plant exchange
with more than 100 botanical institutions throughout
the world have been collected on these expeditions. In
the past five years alone more than 21,000 collections
have been made in Panama.

Though the project nears an end, the field work
supported through it remains as important as ever.
Many new roads are being pushed into as yet
unbotanized parts of Panama, and these newly opened
areas are bound to be rapidly depleted because of
population pressures in Panama. Most of the un-
disturbed, natural areas which were first botanized and
found to be rich in new species only five years ago are
now completely denuded. Collections must be made
while these natural populations of plants still exist in
order to record the plants which now exist there. The
new natural areas which still remain are proving to be
even richer in species than previous areas since they
consist mostly of wetter, more inaccessible, and until
now, unstudied forests.

Dr. William G. D’Arcy, research associate on the
project, recently returned from a collecting trip to
Panama, Costa Rica and Nicaragua. While in Panama,
he botanized the summit of Colcan El Baru, the highest
mountain in Panama. This important effort places
D'Arcy among the few botanists who have collected on
and near the summit of Baru.

Dr. Croat left in February to spend nine months in the
tropics. In addition to making general collections for
the Flora of Panama project he will be concentrating on
his research of the aroid (Philodendron) family, and he
will be introducing many living specimens of in-
teresting species of Araceae into the Garden's collec-
tion of living plants.

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Ms. Marian G. Hirsch
Mr./Mrs. Peter Hochschild
Mr./Mrs. Merlyn M. Hoffman
Mr./Mrs. J. Ronald Hoffmeister
Mr./Mrs. Martin H. Hokamp
Mrs. Bette Hoke

Miss Blanche Holloway
Dr./Mrs. Alan S. Holtz
Mr./Mrs. E. Douglas Holwadel
Miss Heidi Hombs

S.V. Hopper

Mr./Mrs. Roscoe Houseright
Mr. R.L. Hovis, Jr.

Mr./Mrs. Lorenz E. Huber
Mr./Mrs. Charles Huck

Mrs. Lois Hudgins

Ms. Sandra P. Huggins
Mr./Mrs. Ray C. Hughes
Mr./Mrs. Harold B. Huhn
Ms. Faith Hunnicutt
Mr./Mrs. Robt. L. Huskey
Miss Josephine lelase

Mrs. Jane |kemeier
Mr./Mrs.Edward Imo
Mr./Mrs. Edwin S. Izumi
Mr./Mrs. Franklin R. Jackes, Jr.
Dr./Mrs. Laurence S. Jacobs
Mr. Robert Jaeger

Mr./Mrs. Robert E. James

NEW REGULAR
MEMBERSHIPS
continued

Mr. Daniel W. Jasper

Miss Lucille Jaworowski
Ms. Jackie R. Jenkins
Mr./Mrs. Robert B. Jenny
Mr./Mrs. Stifel W. Jens
Mr./Mrs. Peter W.D. Jensen
Mr./Mrs. Roland Jester
Mr./Mrs. David W. Johnson
Miss Emma Johnson

Ms. Janet A. Johnson
Mr./Mrs. William H. Johnston
Mr./Mrs.. lley Joneal Joplin
Mrs. Sharon Juniewicz
Miss Virginia Kable
Mr./Mrs. Arthur G. Kahn
Mr./Mrs. Francis X. Kaiser
Miss Joyce Kaiser

Mr./Mrs. Roy B. Kalny
Mr./Mrs. C.W. Kamischke
Mr./Mrs. D.L. Kamler

Mrs. Ruth M. Kamphoefner
Mr./Mrs. R.E. Karcher
Mr./Mrs. Henry Katz
Dr./Mrs. Dennis Keesal
Mr./Mrs. L. Birt Kellam

Ms. Cele Kendrick

Mr./Mrs. E.D. Kennedy
Mrs. Sally Kennedy
Mr./Mrs. Lee E. Kennon
Mr./Mrs. M.J. Kessler
Mr./Mrs. William A. Kessler
Mr./Mrs. Wilfred A. Kettler
Dr./Mrs. Edw. D. Kinsella
Miss Nancy L. Kinsella
Mr./Mrs. W. Bogert Kiplinger
Mr./Mrs. Bruce E. Kleinert
Mr./Mrs. Henry C. Kloepper
Mr./Mrs. Robert Kloepper
Mr./Mrs. Newell S. Knight, Jr.
Dr./Mrs. John E. Knox
Mr./Mrs. Paul A. Koch
Mr./Mrs. W.R. Konneker
Mr. Eugene Koropecky
Mr./Mrs. Orville Kottmann
Dr. Frances Kovarik

Mrs. William Krebs

Ms. Mary A. Kreienbaum
Mr./Mrs. A.F. Kriegshauser
Kriegshauser Mortuaries
Mr./Mrs. Bruce Kropschot
Mr./Mrs. Forrest G. Kunkel
Mr./Mrs. Otto H. Laatsch
Dr./Mrs. Jos. A. Laffler

Dr. Robert L. Lam

Mr./Mrs. Chas. J. LaMothe
Mr./Mrs. Girard M. Landgraf

Mr./Mrs. Thomas H. Langenberg

Mr./Mrs. Jay M. Lapin
Mr./Mrs. Andrew J. Larson

Mr./Mrs. Nick Laskaris
Dr./Mrs. Donald Latimer
Mrs. Betty Lauer

Mr./Mrs. John D. Lauer
Mr./Mrs. Harry M. LeBeau
Mr./Mrs. Joe R. Ledbetter
Dr./Mrs. Sherman J. LeMaster
Mr./Mrs. Ronald M. Lending
Mr./Mrs. John W. Less
Mr./Mrs. Clyde W. Lester
Miss Charlotte L. Lewis
Mr./Mrs. Arnold H. Liles
Mr./Mrs. Terry R. Linhardt
Mr./Mrs. Adolph E. Loewnau
Mr./Mrs. Malcolm Lohrum
Ms. Mae J. Long

Mr./Mrs. Henry W. Lonnemann
Mr./Mrs. James D. Lorenz
Mr./Mrs. Raymond E. Lorenz
Mr. Marvin A. Loudon
Dr./Mrs. David Lovell

Mr./Mrs. James V. Lucido
Mr./Mrs. Rudolph Ludwig
Mrs. J. Edgar Lumpkin
Mr./Mrs. Harold |. Lunde
Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Lutz
Mr./Mrs. Paul A. Lux
Mr./Mrs. Frances R. Lynch
Mr./Mrs. George W. Mabie
Dr. Harry E. Mack

Mr./Mrs. James Mahoney
Miss Ruth A. Maichel

Ms. Joyce L. Mainieri
Mr./Mrs. R.R. Maisel

Mr./Mrs. Jose Manes
Mr./Mrs. Harry W. Manley
Mr./Mrs. Eugene Mariani
Mr./Mrs. S. Markenson
Mr./Mrs. Herbert W. Markwort
Ms. Barbara W. Martin

Mrs. J. Kenneth Martin
Mr./Mrs. Fred J. Marty
Mr./Mrs. Vincent T. Matteucci
Mr./Mrs. William R. Mayer
Mr./Mrs. Maurice J. McCarty
Mr./Mrs. Thomas F. McClarren
Dr./Mrs. Allen B. McCoy
Mr./Mrs. Ben McDougall
Dr./Mrs. Arthur McElfresh

Mr./Mrs. George L. McElroy, Jr.

Mr/Mrs. Thomas C. McGuffey
Mrs. Ralph H. McKee

Mrs. Frank E. McKillop
Mr./Mrs. Bruce McLean

Ms. Maureen McVary
Mr./Mrs. Arthur L. McWilliams
Mr./Mrs. Keith McWilliams
Joyce Meckfessel

Dr./Mrs. Theodore M. Meiners
Mr./Mrs. Edgar Meinhardt
Mr. Ralph W. Menkhus
Mr./Mrs. Martin Mercurio
Mr./Mrs. Robt. S. Metzger
Rev./Mrs. John E. Meyer
Ms. Nancy H. Meyer
Mr./Mrs. Ralph L. Meyer
Mr./Mrs. Thomas Meyer
Miss Virginia E. Meyer
Mrs./Mrs. Curtis A. Meyers
Mr./Mrs. John C. Meyers, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Norman Meyers
Mr./Mrs. J.R. Middleton
Mr./Mrs. Jay B. Middleton
Mr./Mrs. Edgar T. Miller
Mr./Mrs. R.L. Miller
Mr./Mrs. Ben C. Milster

Dr. F. Delbert Moeller

Dr. Seymour Monat

Mrs. Alice Monnig

Dr./Mrs. A.C. Montes
Mr./Mrs. Alva Moog, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Douglas Moore
Mr./Mrs. Francis L. Moore
Mr./Mrs. John S. Moore
Mr./Mrs. Robert C. Morgan
Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Moses
Dr. Dan W. Mueller

Mrs. Esther Mueller
Mr./Mrs. Robert S. Muldoon
Miss Margorie Mullins
Mr./Mrs. Gilbert G. Munroe
Mr./Mrs. Joseph D. Murphy
Miss Barbara Nash

Miss Helen L. Neiger

Mrs. Arthur W. Neilson
Mr./Mrs. Gordon W. Neilson
Dr./Mrs. Frank Neuner
Mr./Mrs. Louis W. Neuner
Mr./Mrs. M.K. Nichols
Mr./Mrs. M.C. Nicholson
Mr. David G. Ninas

Miss Olive Noerteman

Miss Karen R. Norris

Ms. Jane E. North

Miss Jane A. Norton
Mr./Mrs. Arch Oberg
Mr./Mrs. Bud Occi

Miss Helen L. Oehler
Dr./Mrs. Robert W. Ogilvie
Dr./Mrs. D.R. Oliver
Mr./Mrs. Ray M. O’Neal
Mr./Mrs. E.M. O'Neill
Mr./Mrs. Robert H. Orchard
Dr./Mrs. Rufus M. Orr
Mr./Mrs. G.L. Osborn
Mr./Mrs. Everett Osterloh
Dr./Mrs. William R. Otto
Mrs. JoAnn Outs

Mr./Mrs. Emerual Owen
Mr./Mrs. R.L. Pabst
Mr./Mrs. John R. Paden
Miss Margaret Pape
Mr./Mrs. Walter W. Parker, Jr.
Dr./Mrs. Wayne Paris
Mr./Mrs. Van C. Parriott
Mr./Mrs. Vernon R. Parrish
Mrs. Jean M. Parsons
Mr./Mrs. R. Glenn Patton
Mr./Mrs. W.L. Patton, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Edwin E. Peak
Mr./Mrs. Samuel C. Pearson, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. David L. Pentland
Miss Charlotte Perabo
Mr./Mrs. Richard B. Perry
Mr./Mrs. Richard E. Peters
Mr./Mrs. Robert W. Pfeiffer
Mr./Mrs. Allen Portnoy
Mrs. Rex Potter

Mr./Mrs. James T. Powell
Mr./Mrs William M. Powell

Mr./Mrs. C.V. Pregaldin, Jr.
Dr./Mrs. Arthur L. Prensky
Mr./Mrs. J.G. Princell
Mr./Mrs. Fred Pueschel
Miss Marjorie Purvis
Mr./Mrs. Fred J. Puster
Mr./Mrs. Donald E. Randentz
Miss Joanne A. Ragan
Mr./Mrs. Otway W. Rash III
Mr/Mrs. Phillip Rashbaum
Dr./Mrs. Perry G. Rawson
Miss Marybelle Reddick
Dr./Mrs. Jonathan R. Reed
Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Reid
Mr/Mrs. W. Reinking
Mr./Mrs. H.M. Reitz

Mr. Douglas W. Rendleman
Mr. David Ressler

Mr./Mrs. Tony C. Ribaudo
Mr./Mrs. William N. Rice
Mr./Mrs. Michael F.B. Richardson
Mr./Mrs. Peter Richman
Mrs. W.A. Richter

Mr. Robert G. Riedell
Mr./Mrs. J.B. Riles

Mrs. Chandler F. Rinehart
Mr./Mrs. Sidney B. Ring
Mr. Kent Rissman

Mrs. M.E. Robinson
Mr./Mrs. Melvyn D. Robinson
Mr./Mrs. William R. Robirds
Mr./Mrs. Franklin P. Rogers
Mr./Mrs. Rial E. Rolfe
Mr./Mrs. Bruce Roman
Dr./Mrs. Marvin Rosecan
Mr./Mrs. Harry S. Rosenberg
Dr. Robert L. Rosenthal

Mr. W. Rosswog

Mr./Mrs. A.S. Roth

Mr./Mrs. Jerome A. Rueff
Dr./Mrs. Rudy Ruhling

Mrs. Carl Runge

Mr./Mrs. Edward F. Ruprecht
Dr./Mrs. J. Paul Rutledge
Mr./Mrs. John D. Ryan

Mrs. Martha D. Ryan
Mr./Mrs. Sam P. Rynearson
Sisters of St. Joseph
Mr./Mrs. John Samson
Mr./Mrs. Roger Santala
Miss V.M. Saunders
Mr./Mrs. Louis R. Saur
Mr./Mrs. George Schaefer

Mr./Mrs. L. Schaeferle

Mr. Milton W. Schaeffer
Mr./Mrs. Richard J. Scheffler
Mr./Mars. Robert Scheinkman
Mrs. Carl Schlinger

Mr./Mrs. Steven E. Schneider
Mr./Mrs. P.C. Schnoebelen
Mr./Mrs. William C. Schoenhardt
Mr./Mrs. Robert P. Schoepflin
Mr./Mrs. Elmer Schovanez
Mr. William Schreiner
Mr./Mrs Arthur P. Schrepfer
Mr./Mrs. Edward M. Schroeder, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Robert W. Schroeder
Mr./Mrs. Hale Schroer
Mr./Mrs. J.H. Schuldt
Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Schuler
Mr./Mrs. Stephen T. Schulte
Mrs. Sarah Morton Schwab
Mr./Mrs. William E. Schwarz
Mr./Mrs. Charles W. Schweizer
Mr./Mrs. Alfred Scott
Jonathan and Susanne Seals
Mr. A. Lee Shapleigh, II
Mr./Mrs. Oliver Shaw
Mr./Mrs. Manuel Sherberg
Dr./Mrs. G.R. Shoemaker
Dr./Mrs. Paul D. Shuff
Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Sieveking
Mr./Ms. Simon Silver
Mr./Mrs. Michael P. Simon
Mr./Mrs. Samuel B. Singer
Mr./Mrs. Alvin Siteman
Mr./Mrs. Dan P. Smith
Mr./Mrs. Edward G. Smith
Mr. J.C. Smith

Mr./Mrs. John J. Smith
Mr./Mrs. Marion L. Smith
Mr./Mrs. Chester L. Snyder
Dr./Mrs. Richard S. Sohn
Mrs. Ann O. Spaulding

Miss Lois Spayde

Mr./Mrs. A.H. Spengel
Mr./Mrs. Cliff Spurgeon
Mr./Mrs. Robert Stafford
Mr./Mrs. Richard Stahlhuth
Mr./Mrs. John Standeven
Mr./Mrs. Eugene F. Stanglein
Ms. Georgia Starr

Mr./Mrs. Clarence R. Stein, Sr.
Mr./Mrs. Jerome M. Steiner
Mr./Mrs. Fred Steinkuhle
Mrs./Mrs. R.S. Steinmeyer
Mrs. Dorothy E. Stencel
Mr./Mrs. George T. Stentz
Mr./Mrs. C.H. Stephan
Mr./Mrs. John A. Stephens
Mr. Palmer Steward

Dr./Mrs. Louis Stickley

Mr. Fred J.T. Stock

Mr./Mrs. Virgil Strader

Mr. John A. Straub

Mrs. Robert E. Strickler
Mr./Mrs. Forest C. Stuckman
Dr./Mrs. John F. Sulzbach
Drs. Vasantha & Shankar Sundaram
Ms. Elizabeth B. Talley

Dr. Lloyd W.C. Tang

Mr./Mrs. William E. Tator, Jr.
Dr. Barrett L. Taussig

Mrs. Ethel Taylor

Mr./Mrs. F.W. Teutenberg III
Mr/Mrs. Harold E. Theper
Mr./Mrs. Fred W. Thies

Mrs. Adolph Thym

Mr./Mrs. Ronald W. Thomas
Mrs. Judith Thomasson
Mr./Mrs. Edgar D. Thompson
Miss Hallie Jean Thompson
Mr./Mrs. Walter E. Thompson, Jr.
Ms. C. Tillman

Mrs. Linda Tockstein
Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Tonn
Mr./Mrs. Robert P. Tschudy
Mr./Mrs. Mark A. Turken
Mr./Mrs. Charles L. Turner

NEW REGULAR
MEMBERSHIPS
continued

Miss Virginia Turner
Mr./Mrs. Hubert J. Tyrrell
Mr./Mrs. Gregory R. Ulrich
Mrs. Edmund F. Unger
Mr./Mrs. Gary W. Vandiver
Mr./Mrs. Peter Van Trigt
Mr./Mrs. Walter L. Vienhmann
Mr./Mrs. Alvin D. Vitt
Mr./Mrs. George K. Vogt
Mr./Mrs. Gupton Vogt
Mr./Mrs. Oscar E. von Rohr, Jr.
Mr/Mrs. D.R. Wagner

Ms. Ruth H. Wagner

Mrs. Marjorie Waldron
Mr./Mrs. A.B. Walker
Dr./Mrs. Lester E. Wall
Mr./Mrs. Warren D. Wallace
Dr./Mrs. James W. Walsh
Mr./Mrs. Richard M. Ward
Mr./Mrs. James M. Warden

Mrs. H.W. Watkins

Mr./Mrs. Nathaniel Watlington
Mr./Mrs. Floyd E. Watson
Mr. Martin E. Wax

Miss Marilyn Webber

Mrs. Leo Weiss

Ms. Deanna D. Welzbacher
Mr. Robert E. Wentz

Dr. Patricia West

Mr./Mrs. J.L. Westermayer
Ms. Wilton E. Wheeldon
Mr./Mrs. Keith White
Mr./Mrs. Ray E. White, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Donald R. Whitlow
Miss Joan F. Wickman
Mr./Mrs. Carl Wilken
Mr./Mrs. Gerald Wille
Mr./Mrs. Richard Williams
Mr./Mrs. Stan Williams, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. James Winter
Mr/Mrs. William D. Wolfe, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Wolverton
Mr./Mrs. Charles Wones
Mr./Mrs. Arthur Woodall
Mrs. Marcia Wright

Mr./Mrs. David W. York

SUSTAINING

Dr./Mrs. Klaus D. Zastrow

Mr./Mrs. Charles O. Ziegler
Mr./Mrs. Clarence G. Zimmermann
Dr./Mrs. George H. Zimny

INCREASE IN
MEMBERSHIP
CONTRIBUTIONS
APRIL 1976

SPONSORING
Miss Anna Hahn

H.C. Moog

Mrs. Walter W. Morris
Mrs. Hilda Voss

Mr./Mrs. Adam Aronson

Mr./Mrs. James B. Bushyhead
Mr./Mrs. B.F. Jackson

Mr./Mrs. Clifford Saxton
Mr./Mrs. Robert Brookings Smith

CONTRIBUTING

Dr./Mrs. Charles R. Burnside
Mr./Mrs. James E. DeLassus
Mr./Mrs. Edward C. Fey, Jr.
Mrs. Virginia S. Gardner
Mr./Mrs. G. Rodman F. Genet
Mr./Mrs. Norman B. Leppo
Mrs. David D. Lynch

Mr. Lewis A. McDonald

Mr. W. Finley McElroy

Ms. Florence Moog

Mrs. Jane Newman

Dr./Mrs. Matthew Newman
Mrs. Suzanne D. Rauchen
Mr./Mrs. Frank Roth

Miss Della Weber

Mrs. Harry B. Wilson

APRIL TRIBUTES

IN HONOR OF MR/MRS. HOWARD BAER
Mr./Mrs. Lester Ackerman, Jr.

IN HONOR OF MR./MRS. JEROME BARKER'S
ANNIVERSARY

Mr./Mrs. Ellis C. Littmann

IN HONOR OF MR./MRS. STANLEY GITT’S
25th ANNIVERSARY

Eddie and Bob Rosenheim

IN HONOR OF AUGUST H. HOMEYER’S
BIRTHDAY

Ruth Homeyer and Family

IN HONOR OF MRS. CHARLES KORTZ
Rotary Ann Club of Overland

IN HONOR OF LILLIAN SHANFELD’S
BIRTHDAY
Mr./Mrs. J.A. Zimmerman

IN MEMORY OF MRS. TRUDY AYDELOTTE
Mr./Mrs. Russell A. Schulte

IN MEMORY OF MRS. OSCAR BABLER
Dr./Mrs. Alfred Sudholt

IN MEMORY OF REBECCA BUCHANAN
Mrs. Howard Adams

IN MEMORY OF MRS. ROBERT P. CASEY
Mrs. E.L. Sheldon

IN MEMORY OF MRS. W. WILLIAM DALTON
Mr./Mrs. John L. Davidson, Jr.

Kathy and Fred Hanser

The Sowing Circle Garden Club

IN MEMORY OF MARGARET E. HOOD
Mr./Mrs. Melvin Hood

IN MEMORY OF MR. JERSTED
Mr./Mrs. Ellis C. Littmann

IN MEMORY OF JASON AND SYLVIA KAWIN
Fred and Dolly Arnstein
Mort and Edie Binder

IN MEMORY OF ESTELLE SPIES LINSDAY
Mr./Mrs. J.E. Heichelbech

IN MEMORY OF FRANK M. MAYFIELD
Mr./Mrs. G.A. Buder, Jr.

IN MEMORY OF MR. SYDNEY SHOENBERG, Sr.
Mr./Mrs. T. Randolph Potter

IN MEMORY OF MISS HELEN L.STAUDINGER
AARP Hampton Chapter 888

B.G.L. Club

Charles M. Burton

Mr./Mrs. Robert Hegge

Missouri Walk Ways

Eugene G. and Joseph T. Monnig

Luella Rauscher

The Pelletier Family

IN MEMORY OF MRS. JAMES CLAYTON STICE
Mr./Mrs. J. Edgar Lumpkin
Mr./Mrs. James O. Stice

IN MEMORY OF MRS. OSCAR STROH
Mrs. Hazel P. Daugherty
Mrs. June F. Marsh

IN MEMORY OF BETTIE W. THOMAS
Mr./Mrs. Sheridan K. Loy

IN MEMORY OF MRS. ESTHER WHERRY
Mrs. Charles E. Bascom

IN MEMORY OF ROBERT A. WOODRUFF, Jr.
Dr. P.M. Packman

IN MEMORY OF MR. R.R. Zimmerman
Mr./Mrs. Ellis C. Littmann

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

2345 Tower Grove Avenue
Saint Louis, Missouri 63110

SECOND-CLASS
POSTAGE

PAID
AT ST. LOUIS, MO.

Missouri
Botanical
Garden
Bulletin

Gloria Vanderbilt to be Guest of Honor at Chrysanthemum Ball

Gloria Vanderbilt, well known artist in fabrics and
design whose new Career in ladies’ ready-to-wear will
be launched September 11 at Saks Fifth Avenue in St.
Louis, will be in attendance at the Chrysanthemum Ball
on Friday, September 10. Her appearance and the
informal modeling of 50 fashions by Saks are among
the exciting features highlighting the Ball, which will
begin at 6:30 p.m. on the Garden grounds.

A sellout crowd is expected for this stellar social
event. Members of the Garden will receive invitations
this month. Price of regular tickets is $50 per person,
$100 per couple. Patrons are $75 per person, $150 the
couple.

Proceeds will benefit the Edgar Anderson Memorial
Boxwood Garden, now under construction in an area
between the Anne L. Lehmann Rose Garden and the
Japanese Garden. An article inthis issue of the Bulletin
discusses the rich tradition of the Boxwood Garden,
and a feature in the September Bulletin will detail its
design and Cultivation.

The evening’s festivities will take place amid a
panorama of fall colors. Under a yellow, rectangular
tent 60’ x 210’, guests will enjoy a seated dinner catered
by The Bulters Pantry. Table appointments will
include centerpieces of yellow and_ bronze
chrysanthemums in terra cotta pots and saucers, in
keeping with the natural environment, designed by
Robert Dingwall, Jim Rhodes and other members of
the Horticulture Department. These arrangements will
be sold in The Plant Shop the day after the Ball.

Over 126 hanging baskets made up of grape ivy and
other greenery will adorn the dining and dancing area
under the canopy. Outdoor displays will include some
1200 hardy chrysanthemums, now being grown under
black cloth by horticulture volunteer, John Brown.
These plants normally would not flower until October,
but are being “forced” in order to be in bloom for the
Ball. Near Tower Grove House where informal model-
ing of the fashions from Saks will take place, cascading

chrysanthemums will embellish the Kircher Memorial
Urn.

Music for the evening will be provided by the Russ
David Orchestra with Arte Schieler.

The latest list of Corporate Sponsors announced by
Mrs. Walter G. Stern, Chairman of the Ball, consists of
these 20 donors of $1000: Emerson Electric, General
Dynamics, McDonnell-Douglas Corporation; A Friend;
Tiffany Industries — Mr. and Mrs. Farrell Kahn; Tobey
Fine Papers; Universal Printing; Tower Grove Bank;
Mercantile Trust Company; First National Bank in St.
Louis; Mallinkrodt Industries; Missouri Pacific
Railways; Monsanto Co.,Harry Kessler and Associates;
Stix, Baer and Fuller; Hellmuth, Obata and Kassabaum;
Mark Twain Bancshares; Gateway Seed; The
Nurserymen of the Greater St. Louis Area; and
Boatmen’s Bank.

Donations of $500 have been received from Laclede
Gas Company, Interco, and Guarantee Electric

Volume LXIV Number 7
July 1976

HISTORIC BOXWOOD FINDS ITS
PLACE AT THE GARDEN

Scale Model of Edgar Anderson Boxwood Garden.

Boxwood is one of man’s oldest and most cherished
garden ornamentals. It was one of the late Edgar
Anderson’s’ enthusiasms. The Edgar Anderson
Memorial Boxwood Garden, which is now under
construction and which has’ been’ designated
beneficiary of the 1976 Chrysanthemum Ball, will
recognize his specific contribution to this aristocrat of
plants. It will further honor Dr. Anderson for his
“profound influence both on the scientific fields of
interest to him and onthe people of St. Louis who came
to appreciate the Missouri Botanical Garden and its
great treasures more through his lifelong efforts,”
notes Dr. Peter H. Raven, Director.

Highlights of Dr. Anderson's 46 years with the
Missouri Botanical Garden include service as Director
and Curator of Useful Plants, and Englemann
Professor of Botany at Washington University. He wore
his honors lightly; the title he valued most highly was
that of “botanist”. His discovery of “introgressive
retrogression’, the gradual infiltration of the germ-
plasm of one species into that of another, led to his
election to the National Academy of Science.

In 1934, under the auspices of the Arnold Arboretum
of Harvard University, he journeyed to the Balkans in
search of “hardier strains of ivy, yew and boxwood.”
The Anderson Balkan boxwood, propagated at the
Arnold Arboretum and the Missouri Botanical Garden,
are among the hardiest on record. In 1937 he was
awarded the Order of the Jugoslavian Crown for
internaponal botanical cooperation.

Dr. Anderson was a founding member of the
American Boxwood Society, the Herb Society of

America and the St. Louis Herb Society. The Boxwood
Study Group of the St. Louis Herb Society was begun
under his aegis. Shortly after his sudden death in April
of 1969 the first members of the study group suggested
to the Missouri Botanical Garden that a boxwood
garden would be a fitting memorial to Edgar Anderson.
It would perpetuate his unique contribution to the
search for hardy boxwoods and provide a focus for its
continuance. The group proposed as its contibution to
initiate a test program at the Garden and to grow the
bulk of the plants needed forthe memorial garden. The
proposal was accepted ancontinuance. The group
proposed as its contribution to initiate atest program at
the Garden and to grow the bulk of the plants needed
for the memorial garden. The proposal was accepted
and the work carried out. Upon its completion in 1975
the study group was dissolved. It was succeeded in
1976 by the Boxwood Society of the Midwest whose
membership is open to any boxwood enthusiast who
wants to learn more about the plant and to participate
in the ongoing boxwood program at the Missouri
Botanical Garden.

The Anderson Boxwood Garden, which covers some
3.5 acres adjacent to the Japanese Garden, “will form
an orderly and interesting transition from the Lehmann
Rose Garden to the Japanese Garden,” in Dr. Raven's
words. Chief designer of the Edgar Anderson Boxwood
Garden is Karl D. Pettit Ill of Eugene Mackey and
Associates; landscape consultant is Harriet Rodes
Bakewell.

Boxwood is a ancient plant. The Assyrian conqueror
Tiglath-Pileser the First had these words inscribed
about 1100 B.C.: “Cedar and box have | carried from
the lands | have conquered. Trees that none of my
forefathers possessed. . . In the parks of Assyria have |
planted them.” He was only one of many conquerors to
count boxwood among their spoils.

BUXUS, generic name of the plant, testified further
to its antiquity, and to one of its historic uses. The
ancient Greeks and Romans cut the larger, tree type
boxwoods for fine lumber. Their skilled artisans
employed the elegantly off-white, hard and fine-
grained wood to fashion exquisite small boxes in which
they stored such precious goods as jewels and
cosmetics. The Greek word for the box tree and the
containers made from its wood was puxos; the Latin
work was buxus. When Carolus Linnaeus, the great
Swedish botanist, described and named the plant in
1753, he chose BOXUS for the generic and semper-
virens for the specific name of this dominant European
species.

Boxwood was employed in the paradise gardens of
the Persians. It was a favored plant forthe garden art of
topiary which the Syrians invented and taught to the
Romans. Tall boxwood hedges screened from prying
eyes the harem gardens of Mvsh Spain; and insured the
privacy necessary tocontemplation tothe monks inthe
cloistered gardens of the Middle Ages. Boxwood

EDGAR ANDERSON
November 9, 1897 - June 18, 1969
Photo Contributed by Claude Johnson

played a starring role in the formal and elaborate
pleasure gardens of the Renaissance. Cardinal Wolsey
edged with boxwood the knot garden he had installed
at Hampton Court for th enjoyment of Henry VIII.
André Le Nétre, when he designed the magnifient
gardens at Versailles in the seventeenth century, chose
boxwood to frame the vistas and to shield the areas of
surprise and privacy he deemed essential to a garden.

During those centuries, when boxwood enhanced
gardens large and small, its artistic and commercial
uses continued. Chessmen and religious medallions
and dagger haftes were carved of box; mathematical
and musical instruments which required precision
were made of box. Fine furniture was inlaid with box.
When printing was invented by Gutenberg in the mid-
fifteenth century, boxwood was the preferred medium
for the woodcuts which illustrated the herbals which
were the best-sellers of the day. These same qualities
of hardness and fine texture which made boxwood so
valuable for works of artistry and craftsmanship
brought the plant almost to extinction. In the mid-
eighteenth century when the Industrial Revolution
came to England whole groves of box trees were cut to
supply the insatiable demand for boxwood for shuttles
for the looms of the great English textile industry.

Boxwood was brought to america by the early
Colonists, from England, France and Holland. It graced
the small frontyard gardens fo New England merchants
and the great formal gardens of Southern planters. It
traveled westward with the pioneers. Its first authen-
ticated use in an American garden was in 1642 at the
manor home of Nathaniel Sylvester on Long Island.
Boxwood was a treasured possession to be moved
when the family moved; or when that was not feasible,
to be taken as “slips” from a cherished plant.

In the Anderson Garden the historic roles of
boxwood will be suggested rather than recreated. It will
be a garden for today, and tomorrow.

Mary A. Gamble, President
Boxwood Society of the Midwest

TOWER GROVE HOUSE
COMMEMORATES
HENRY SHAW’S BIRTHDAY

Tower Grove House celebrates Mr. Henry Shaw's
birthday on July 24, 1976. This year the plan of the
party will be as follows: The hostesses will wear long,
flowered summer skirts or dresses and hats, made by
the International Hat Company of many different kinds
of plants.

An Orange Ring Cake which was a favorite of people
in St. Louis during Henry Shaw's lifetime will be served
with a fruit punch.

The herb garden at the back of Tower Grove House is
a perfect setting for Mr. Shaw's Birthday Party.

Alice Lynch, Manager
Tower Grove House

NSF Grants to Garden Announced

The Garden has recently received a grant for
$162,100 from the National Science Foundation for
continued support of the curatorial activities in the
Botany Department. Effective date of the grant is May
1, 1976, and this represents the beginning of the fifth
year of this grant, which began in May 1972.

The grant supports plant mounters and several
technical people in the herbarium, together with a
small amount of support for some of the curators. The
purpose of this grant is to upgrade the condition of the
collections and to make them available to other
researchers around the country and around the world.
This, of course, is done through remounting old
material, updating the names and identifications on
current material, and handling a tremendous number
of specimens on loan each year.

The Garden also has received a grant of $13,663 from
the National Science Foundation for supplemental
support of the project entitled “Floristics of Amazonian
Peru,” under the direction of Dr. Alwyn H. Gentry,
Assistant Curator of the Garden’s herbarium.

MEMBERS’ FLOAT TRIP AT
ARBORETUM ON AUGUST 21

A one day float trip on the Meramec River, through
the Arboretum and surrounding area will be the final
Members’ event of the spring/summer series. This
family event, on Saturday, August 21, will be led by
Arboretum staff members. The Meramec, near the
Arboretum, offers a quiet day on the water, giving a
new perception to the Arboretum as an important
natural feature of the St. Louis area.

Group size must be limited and advance registration
is required. A nominal fee will be charged to cover cost
of canoe rental. For more information and registration,
please contact the Arboretum at 772-7600, Sta. 81.

June Hutson, Chairman
Arboretum Members Events

Gardening in St. Louis

GARDENING IN JULY

A good watering program is essential for this month
due tothe very dry conditions that we have had over the
past several months. It is important in watering to water
heavily at least once very 10 to 12 days and this should
be equivalent to at least 2 inches of rainfall. Rambler
and climbing roses can be cut back immediately if this
has not ben done earlier.

Cut out old wood and watch out for weeds and do not
let them go to seed in the garden area. These can be
pulled before they set seed and can be put into the
compost pile. Keep suckers removed from the base of
Dahlias and keep feeding with a commercial fertilizer
and see that they are given ample watering. Also, keep
suckers off of Lilacs, Viburnum, flowering peaches and
plum. Be sure that Dogwood trees get plenty of water.

Shade trees can be pruned now. They would benefit
by agood mulch of about 3 to 4 inches placed about the
base of the tree to conserve moisture and cut down on
soil temperature.

Keep water off the top of roses and other plants
subject to fungus disease. It is best to soak them in,
around 10:00 a.m. as needed.

Continue to spray for control of mildew and black
spot. A feeding of a liquid fertilizer can be beneficial to
the roses at this time to encourage better flowering.

Oriental poppies can be divided and transplanted
now that they have finished flowering. These will set
new roots and make ideal flowering material next
spring.

Seeds of biennials can now be planted in the
coldframe for setting out in early September. Sweet
Williams, Foxglove, and others are good examples of
what can be set out. Garden Phlox may need a spraying
of Benlate or other good fungicide to control mildew.
Red Spider, which is a problem during hot weather,
should be sprayed at regular intervals using Kelthane.
Follow the directions on the label and repeat in 4 days

‘until under complete control.

Brown patches of grass in your lawn during the
summer months is usually a good indication of Chinch
bug or sod webworm. If this is the case, spray with a
good solution of Diazinon or Pyrethrum. Water this in
well after applying it.

Aphids and other insects have been more common
than usual due to the very dry weather. A good
spraying program is essential to keep these under
control.

Madonna Lilies should be divided every 3 to 4 years.
This can be done at the end of this month or in early
August. Dig the bulbs and dust them with a good

fungicide and plant down to6 to 8 inches ina bed of 2 to
3 inches of sand for good drainage. Do not prune
spring flowering shrubs after early July as buds are
forming now with a balance of growth for next spring.

New rose varieties and the 1977 All-American Rose
Selection winners are now on display at the Garden. A
visit now can be a very rewarding and exciting one
especially to the Rose Garden.

Robert Dingwall
Chief Horticulturist

ARBORETUM NAME CHANGED
TO ‘SHAW ARBORETUM’

Designation of the Garden's Arboretum and Nature
Reserve at Gray Summit, Mo., as “Shaw Arboretum”
was approved by the Board of Trustees at its April 21,
1976, meeting. The official change was made on
recommendation of the Board’s Arboretum Committee
whose chairman is Mr. C. C. Johnson Spink.

Henry Shaw considered that an important and
desirable component of his Botanical Garden would be
an arboretum, that is a tract devoted to the growth,
display, and study of trees and woody shrubs. As one
can see from Shaw's early planning sketches of his
developing Garden, a major portion of his original
property was designated as arboretum. It was this
western portion of the original Garden, Henry Shaw's
proposed “Arboretum,” that was sold by the Trustees
in 1925 to secure funding for the purchase of property
at the Gray Summit area. Although a major impetus for
this transaction was air pollution damage to the
Garden's orchid and conifer collections, Dr. George
Moore pointed out in the 35th Annual Director's
Report, “The primary object of securing land at a
considerable distance from the city would be for the
purpose above indicated [saving the orchids] but steps
would be taken at once to develop a real arboretum,
and there should also be secured a considerable area
of natural forests with its undergrowth, which could be
preserved for all time as a reservation.” Thus, Henry
Shaw's intentions for an arboretum were not only
carried through, but by this transaction were greatly
expanded to cover over 2000 acres and include large
areas for introducted species such as found in the
magnificent Pinetum area, as well as extensive
examples of native forests.

It was with these historical developments in mind
that the Trustees officially designated the Arboretum
as the Shaw Arboretum. As the Missouri Botanical
Garden continues to expand and improve its displays
and collections, its Shaw Arboretum will un-
questionably be recognized as a major asset of one of
the world’s finest botanical institutions.

THE NEWLY EXPANDED HERB GARDEN

With very little fanfare, a small group of volunteers
have been in the process of expanding and planting the
Herb Display Garden south of Henry Shaw House.
Members of the St. Louis Herb Society are the
volunteers responsible for this labor of love.

Several years ago, it was suggested to the Society
that they expand herbs into the entire fenced area,
doubling the size of their existing garden. The existing
herb garden, which the Society has maintained for 12
years, was primarily a culinary one. The proposal was
very appealing, since further development of the
garden would enable the Society to include historic
medicinal plants as well as dye and ornamental herbs
not previously displayed.

Extensive realigning of bricks was done this past fall
and spring, and although the original structure of the
garden, as designed by Edith Mason, was faithfully
adhered to, one large area which originally contained
an Acer lost in a wind storm, was eliminated, and in its
place were made two square beds containing Cor-
nelian cherries (Cornus mas) — a tree found in
Medieval Herb Gardens.

In the expanded half of the garden, there now is a
strong planting of seasonally and subtly colored
perennials and Victorian favorites, all herbs.

An herb garden lends itself to the intimacy of an
enclosure and the handsome wrought iron fence
surrounding this patterned brick space is indigenous
to St. Louis architecture of the period of Shaw House.
The sense of enclosure also gives the viewer a different
experience at Missouri Botanical Garden, one to which
he can easily relate, feeling perhaps any portion of the
little garden could be duplicated in his own back yard.

The most formal aspect of the herb garden is the
double Knot Garden planted with ornamental sages,
Teucrium and Santolinas inside the South gate. This
gate will now be kept closed, giving the garden a strong
East/West axis, centered on the East by asmall sundial
figure surrounded by Thymes and on the West by an
oval bed of seasonal color. This bed will contain the
only strong statement of color in the garden. Viola
tricolor in Spring, will be followed by Tagetes in
summer and Chrysanthemum in the Fall. These plants,
surprisingly, are all herbs or at least their ancestors
were!

Two of the beds surrounding this center bed contain
the important herb, Rosemary, edged with dwarf
pomegranate (Punica granatum nana) and two others
are planted with a tender Lavender not commonly
seen, Lavandula dentata.

Much importance has been given to the Scented
Pelargoniums, great favorites in Victorian times when
they were often grown inside on windowsills. Over
eighteen varieties are represented in mass plantings,
including some climbing specimens.

Spice Pinks (Dianthus caryophyllus), Mignonette

(Reseda odorata) and Valerian, all noted for their
fragrance are also included.

A dye bed bursts into bloom in early spring with
golden woad (Isatis tinctoria), Meadow-rue (Thalic-
trum) and Blue Wild Indigo (Baptisia australis). This
will be followed by Golden Marguerites (Anthemis
tinctoria), Italian Bugloss (Anchusa azurea), Mountain
Bluet (Centaurea montana) and Pot-marigold (Calen-
dula officinalis).

The historic medicinal plantings will have a succes-
sion of bloom with foxglove, (Digitalis purpurea & D.
mertonensis), Feverfew (Chrysanthemum
parthenium), German Camomile (Matricaria), Verbena
officinalis, Veronicas, Salvias, Eryngium
anethystinum, Betony (Stachys officinalis) Butterfly
Milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa), Solidago and Monar-
das. The medicinal and dye beds are edged with bronze
Ajuga reptans and Armeria laucheana, with its tiny ball-
like pink blossoms.

Height and solidity have been given the garden with
the introduction of four Foster Hollies, a large Ilex
opaca, “Merrie Christmas,” and anumber of handsome
Buxus.

Any garden needs maturity, and because most of
these plants are perennial, it will take time for them to
look established. The garden is lovely now; by
midsummer it should be coming into full beauty and
some maturity.

The St. Louis Herb Society is celebrating its maturity
(35 years) by this gift of a garden to the Garden.

Joyce Driemeyer
Immediate Past President
St. Louis Herb Society

esha? See. | E(t
The Edwin R. Waldemer Memorial Fountain, donated to the Garden
by Mr. and Mrs. Edwin R. Waldemer in memory of their parents.
Harriet Rodes Bakewell and Karl D. Pettit II] were the coordinating
architects, and Robert Walker was the sculptor. A descriptive
interpretation of this magnificent new feature which forms an
“anteroom” to the Anne L. Lehmann Rose Garden will appear ina
subsequent Bulletin.

Volunteers — The Lifeblood
of the Garden

Volunteers at the Missouri Botanical Garden have
become an essential part of its existence. There are
currently 400 active volunteers, who gave a total of
35,000 hours in 1975. Each volunteer gives an average
of one-half day a week, with some devoting as much as
five days a week. No experience is required of the
individuals who volunteer, and the new knowledge
acquired is a part of the excitement of being a
volunteer.

People volunteer for a variety of reasons. They are
usually public spirited individuals, men and women
who find reward in using their spare time to benefit
others. Included in this group are retirees, students,
housewives, and those with jobs outside the home.

Along with the satisfaction of contribution, there are
tangible rewards at the Garden. Volunteers receive
discounts at the Garden Gate Shop on both books and
gift items, and at the Plant Shop and Snack Bar. They
attend all staff functions, such as the annual Christmas
Party, and other gatherings during the year. Volunteers
are encouraged to attend all lectures and Garden
activities. After a volunteer has worked a total of 50
hours in one year, he is entitled to request, without fee,
a Volunteer Membership.

The wide diversity of volunteer jobs encourages
those with varied interests. A weekly contingent of
sixty volunteers guide visitors through Tower Grove
House, Henry Shaw's historical Victorian residence.
The Gift Shop, one of the most successful in the city,
has a paid supervisor, but is otherwise run completely
by volunteers. Four volunteer buyers make several
yearly trips to select articles to be sold in the shop, and
20 volunteers assist customers with their purchases.

The Plant Shop is also working toward a volunteer-
operated organization. Under the leadership of Jamie
Weldon, the 25 volunteers are becoming
knowledgeable and a well organized group.

Volunteers are used in educational programs at
Shaw Arboretum, Gray Summit, leading tours through

Member of
The Arts and Education
Fund of Greater St.Louis

The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is publish-
ed 11 issues per year monthly except August, by the Missouri
Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo.
63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo

M. P. CRONIN, Editor

SUBSCRiPTION RATES:
$5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign.

10 miles of trail systems, as well as maintaining trails
and surrounding areas.

Maurita Stueck, Chairman of the Guides, leads a
group of 50 well-versed individuals who give tours to
school groups and other interested organizations. A
three month training course is given for prospective
guides. The next course is scheduled for January,
1977.

The Horticulture Department is the largest and most
diverse area of the Garden. This includes the
Climatron, Desert House, Mediterranean House,
greenhouses, experimental greenhouse, Plant
Records, Answermen, rose gardens, English
Woodland Garden, Japanese Garden and the entire
grounds. Volunteers help maintain all these areas!

The John S. Lehmann Building houses three
separate departments. The Herbarium, which houses a
collection of 2,500,000 dried plant specimens, uses
volunteers to prepare specimens for storage. The
Education Department uses volunteers in teaching
school children, while the library has volunteers
working in virtually every area of operation.

The Garden could not keep up with its huge quantity
of paper work, were it not for the many volunteers who
assist with clerical work. Volunteers who cannot work
on a regular basis help with special events and are
called when needed.

If you are interested in becoming a volunteer, please call me
Tuesdays or Thursdays, 9 a.m. - 1 p.m., 772-7600, ext. 53.

Carol Taxman
Chairman of volunteers

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Cactus Society, which will hold its annual show August 28 through
September 6 in the Floral Display House.

NEW HENRY SHAW
ASSOCIATES
MEMBERSHIP
MAY 1976

Mr./Mrs. Watson K. Blair

NEW SUSTAINING
MEMBERSHIPS
MAY 1976

Dr./Mrs. Thomas Covey
Nooter Corporation
Mr./Mrs. Arthur F. O'Hare
Mr./Mrs. Jack Randall
Mr./Mrs. John P. Reuter, Jr.

NEW CONTRIBUTING
MEMBERSHIPS
MAY 1976

Dr./Mrs. Ralph Berg

Ms. Catherine Beyer
Mr./Mrs. James L. Branham
Mr./Mrs. J.C. Broemmelsiek
Mr. T.G. Hagen

Mr./Mrs. T.Walter Hardy, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Julian L. Imbo

Ms. Margaret A. Kiefer
Mr./Mrs. Dayle G. Klever
Mr./Mrs. William P. Krueger
Mr. Bobby O. Nash

Dr./Mrs. Leopoldo P. Pardo, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. C.H. Rasmussen
Rothman Furniture

Mr. Michael Sarner

Dr./Mrs. Jacques P. Schaerer
Mr./Mrs. Floyd F. Smiley, Jr.
Miss Doris M. Unland

NEW REGULAR
MEMBERSHIPS
MAY 1976

Mr./Mrs. Wm. Abernathie
Mr./Mrs. Benjamin Abramowitz
Mr./Mrs. Sylvan Agatstein
Miss Harriett Agee

Mr./Mrs. John Alexander
Mr./Mrs. Walter C. Allan
Mr./Mrs. T.H. Altenritter
Mr./Mrs. H.M. Altepeter, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Ameiss
Mr./Mrs. Frank A. Anderson
Mr./Mrs. Stanley Anonsen
Mrs. Joseph A. Anthoney
Raymond/Ruth Armstrong
Mr./Mrs. William G. Armstrong
Mr./Mrs. David C. Arnold
Mr./Mrs. Jay L. Arnold
Mr./Mrs. P. Astrack
Mr./Mrs. Terry E. Atha
Mrs./Mrs. Richard Avellone
Mr./Mrs. Michael Badt
Mr./Mrs. Bruce W. Baebler
Mr./Mrs. Richard W. Baizer
Mr./Mrs. Raymond H. Baker
Mr./Mrs. Stephen Balabon
Mr./Mrs. William B. Baldwin, Sr.
Miss C. Renee Balthrop
Mr./Mrs. Elmer J. Bannick
Dr./Mrs. Wm. C. Banton, II
Mr./Mrs. Harry Barbach
Mr./Mrs. James Barbero
Mr./Mrs. Leamon R. Barbro
Mr./Mrs. Brian J. Barden
Ms. V.H. Barsachs

Mr./Mrs. James J. Barta, Sr.
Mrs. Lucille Bartsch

Miss Georgia Bauer
Mr./Mrs. Royal D.M. Bauer
Mr. lvan T. Bauman
Mr./Mrs. Russell Baumer

Ms. Elizabeth R. Beall

Miss Mary Susan Beamer
Mr./Mrs. Garnet Bebermeyer
Mrs. Ralph C. Becker
Mr./Mrs. Maurice Beecher
Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Beetz
Mr./Mrs. Stanley E. Beiermann
Mr. Gene H. Bell

Mrs. John L. Bennett
Mr./Mrs. Adam Berg
Mr./Mrs. Walter L. Berg
Mr./Mrs. Albert Geo. Beyer
Mr./Mrs. Leo E. Biddick
Mr./Mrs. James A. Bilhorn
Mr./Mrs. Geo. E. Blankmann
Mr. Thomas Blanton

Dr./Mrs. Mordecai P. Blaustein
Marilyn J. Bledsoe

Mr./Mrs. Virgil R. Bleisch

Dr. H.T. Blumenthal

Mr./Mrs. Charles J. Blumer
Dr./Mrs. Humberto Boccardo
Dr./Mrs. Richard C. Bockrath
Mr./Mrs. Frank Boehm, Jr.
Mrs. H.E. Bohrer

Mr./Mrs. William J. Bollwerk
Mr./Mrs. Allan Booth
Dr./Mrs. Benjamin A. Borowsky
Mr. James P. Bosse

Mrs. Edw. R. Bradley
Mr./Mrs. Martin L. Brand
Mrs. Jean Brasier

Mr./Mrs. Wendell J. Bratzel
Mrs. Lucille Breville
Mrs./Mrs. Wm. Brickson
Mrs./Mrs. Herman Brinkmann
Mr./Mrs. Jos. Bromschwig, Jr.
Ms. Dorothy J. Bronaugh

Dr. S. Bronstein

Mr./Mrs. Anatole Browde
Mr./Mrs. Gunnar Brown

Mr. Guy J. Brown

Mr./Mrs. Louis J. Brown
Mr./Mrs. Henry Bruemmer
Mr./Mrs. Thomas R. Bruno
Mr./Mrs. John K. Bryan
Mr./Mrs. Phillip E. Burba

Ms. Katherine N. Burg
Mr./Mrs. Michael P. Burke
Mrs. Robert J. Burke

Miss Lynda Burr

Mr./Mrs. John E. Burrows
Mr./Mrs. Edward D. Burton
Mr./Mrs. Henry J. Butler
Mr./Mrs. Arthur Bux

Mr. Robert J. Byrne

Mr./Mrs. Efren Cabanellos
Mr./Mrs. John C. Calcaterra
Mr./Mrs. A. Campagna
Mr./Mrs. E.R. Casstevens
Mr./Mrs. Leo G. Catsavis

Mr. D.H. Cavanaugh
Mr./Mrs. Richard L. Cecil

Miss L. Cella

Mr./Mrs. P.J. Cerutti
Mr./Mrs. Robert H. Chandler
Mr./Mrs. Mitchell Chapin
Mr./Mrs. Jack Chasnoff
Mr./Mrs. Seve Chute
Mr./Mrs. Matt Cicerich
Mr./Mrs. Edward W. Cissel
Mr. John Ross Clark
Mr./Mrs. Robert Clauss
Mr./Mrs. Charles Clayton
Mr./Mrs. John B. Clayton, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Charles D. Cohen
Mr. Bart Cole

Mr./Mrs. Edward J. Collins, Jr.
Mr. James T. Connor
Mr./Mrs. Oscar Conrad

Ms. Drucilla Copley

Bernie L. Corn

Marc N. Corson

Mr./Mrs. Mike Cosmo

Ms. Mary E. Courtney
Mr./Mrs. G.G. Courtois
Mr./Mrs. John E. Critzas

Mr./Mrs. John B. Crosby
Mr./Mrs. Richard V. Cross
Mr./Mrs. Lawrence Cuba
Mr./Mrs. Thos. M. Culler
Mr./Mrs. Joseph W. Cushing
Mr./Mrs. Ronald E. Danzer
Mrs. Blanche C. Darnell
Mr./Mrs. John M. Darnton
Dr. Mary A. Davis

Mr./Mrs. Richard W. Deardorff
Miss Dorothy De Doyard
Ms. Gloria E. Dettleff
Mr./Mrs. A. Diekmann
Mr./Mrs. Alvin F. Dillman
Mr./Mrs. Stephen Dinkel
Miss Linda Dippold

Ms. Satsuko Doi

Mr./Mrs. J.E. Dosenbach
Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Doss
Mr./Mrs. Henry Dubinsky

Mr./Mrs. Charles E. Duchek, Jr.

Mr./Mrs. Brent Duesenberg
Mr./Mrs. John M. Dutko
Mr. Jay Van Dwingelen
Dr./Mrs. John Dwyer
Mr./Mrs. David W. Dye

Mr. Kenneth J. Dye

Mrs. D.J. Dyer

Mr. James L. Eagan
Mr./Mrs. Calvin H. East
Miss Denise D. Ecks

Mr. Jerry O. Edele

Mrs. Mary Edens

Mrs. Sadye G. Edison
Mr./Mrs. Robert Edmonds
Mr./Mrs. Ralph Edwards
Mrs. Opal Egan

Mrs. Ralph H. Eilers
Mr./Mrs. Richard L. Eime
Miss Doris June Elliott
Mr./Mrs. William C. Ellis
Mr./Mrs. Paul Embree

Mrs. George Engelke
Mr./Mrs. Jack Engler
Mr./Mrs. Joseph L. Eschbacher
Mr./Mrs. Joseph J. Eulberg
Mr./Mrs. Richard Faulkner
Mr./Mrs. John O. Felker
Dr./Mrs. Louis Fernandez
Mr./Mrs. O.G. Ferrari
Mr./Mrs. Jacob H. Fiala
Ms. Winnifred B. Fiege
Mr./Mrs. Garo J. Finigian
Mr./Mrs. Don Firth
Mr./Mrs. Julius F. Fischer
Ms. Carole L. Fisher
Mr./Mrs. R.M. Fishwick
Mrs. Virginia Fitzmaurice
Mr./Mrs. Charles R. Flachmann
Ms. Anita Floerchinger
Mr./Mrs. L. Philip Flowers
Mr./Mrs. Joseph J. Foucek
Mr./Mrs. Alfred D. Fowler
Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Fowler
Mr./Mrs. Donald C. Fox
Mr. Don E. Freber
Mr./Mrs. Henry L. Freund
Mr./Mrs. Donald Fricker
Mr./Mrs. W. Stix Friedman
Mr./Mrs. Charles E. Fritsche
Mr./Mrs. William M. Fruit

Mrs. M.R. Garland

Mr./Mrs. Edward C. Garner
Mrs. Fred C. Gassman
Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Gast
General Gasket Company
Mr./Mrs. Vernon Gerrish
Mr./Mrs. B.J. Getz, Jr.

Mrs. K.D. Gieck

Dr./Mrs. Ralph V. Gieselman
Mr./Mrs. George Gifford
Mr. Jack Gilbane

Mr./Mrs. Henry Glass, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. James F. Godat
Mr./Mrs. Robert Godfrey
Mr./Mrs. Paul Goin
Mr./Mrs. Terry M. Gold

Ms. Diane Goldberg
Mr./Mrs. Milton |. Goldstein
Mr./Mrs. O.A. Goralnik

Ms. Elizabeth/Nancy Gorder
Mr./Mrs. Karl Gottleber
Mr./Mrs. Robert H. Gowen
Mrs. Mildred Conrath Graham
Ms. Mary Grant

Mrs. Sarah C. Grawe

Mrs. Harriett Gray

Mr./Mrs. Reif Green
Dr./Mrs. William R. Green
Mrs. Loretta C. Greene
Mr./Mrs. Michael Greenfield
Mr. William J. Gress

Miss Jeanne M. Gretzschel
Mr./Mrs. Henry C. Griesedieck, Sr.
Mr./Mrs. Randall M. Griffin
Mr./Mrs. Wm. Griffin
Mr./Mrs. Francis T. Guelker
Mrs. Raondl A. Gulley

Mrs. Elva L. Gust

Mr. D.B. Guthrie

Ms. Jane E. Habbegger
Mr./Mrs. E. Habowski
Mr./Mrs. Frank K. Hadley

Hall Brothers Lumber Company
Ms. Jean C. Hamilton

Mr. Richard A. Hanebrink
Dr./Mrs. Theo. H. Hanser
Dr./Mrs. John Hara

Mr./Mrs. Philip Harman
Mr./Mrs. Steven J. Harris
Mr./Mrs. Maurice J. Hart
Miss Marguerite M. Hausdore
Mr./Mrs. Jack Hause

Rev. Albert P. Hauser
Dr./Mrs. Robert H. Havlin
Mr./Mrs. Dennis Hayden
Mr./Mrs. Lowell Hayman
Mr./Mrs. R.M. Hedrick
Mr./Mrs. Rae C. Heifle

Mr. Charles D. Heinzman, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Milton L. Heitman
Mr./Mrs. Ferd E. Heller
Mr./Mrs. David Helling
Mr./Mrs. Jerry L. Heltibrand
Miss Dorothy P. Hennicke
Mr./Mrs. Chas. O.Hermann — .
Mr./Mrs. Henry H. Herpolsheimer
Sharon/Don Hicks

Ms. Gina H. Hilberry
Mr./Mrs. John C. Hildenbrand
Mr./Mrs. Robert Hill

Mr./Mrs. Richard M. Hiller
Mr./Mrs. John D. Hinchen
Mr./Mrs. Vernon Hochstetter
Mr./Mrs. James R. Hoefener
Mr./Mrs. Marvin Hoffert
Mr./Mrs. Michael K. Hoffman
Dr./Mrs. T.H. Hogan
Mr./Mrs. James V. Holland
Mr./Mrs. Bill Hollander

Mrs. Elsie Holler

Mr./Mrs. Sam Holtzman
Mr./Mrs. Thomas Holzberlein
Miss D. Huelsman

Mr./Mrs. Robert C. Hughes
Mr./Mrs. E. Warner Hughes
Mr./Mrs. Julius Hunter

Miss Julia M. Hussey

Mr. David Hutchings

Mrs. Mary D. Ibalio

Mr./Mrs. Paul A. Immer
Mr./Mrs. Leonard B. Izard
Mrs. W. Jackel

Mr./Mrs. Richard Jacobi

Ms. Barbara Jacobs

Mrs. Jane Jacobs

Mr./Mrs. William J. James
Mr./Mrs. Thomas E. Janies
Mr./Mrs. Chas. J. Jecmen, Sr.
Mr./Mrs. Laverne A. Jenne
Mr./Mrs. Jay Jensen
Mr./Mrs. M.P. Johns

Mrs. T. Cartes Johnson
Mr./Mrs. Charles Johnson

NEW REGULAR
MEMBERSHIPS
continued

Miss Jane H. Johnson
Mr./Mrs. Warren Jones
Mr./Mrs. Wayne N. Jones
Mrs. Davis |. Jordan
Mr./Mrs. Al.H. Julius
Mr./Mrs. T.W. Jungenberg
Mr./Mrs. Joel R. Kamil
Mr./Mrs. Harry Kammien
Mr./Mrs. John Kardos
Mr./Mrs. Leory J. Karmann
Mr./Mrs. D.E. Kasprowicz
Mrs. Walter C. Kawelaske
Mrs. Jean L. Keith

Mr./Mrs. John L. Kelly
Mr./Mrs. Earle J. Kennedy, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. John A.A. Kennedy
Mr./Mrs. John B. Kennedy
Mr./Mrs. Gil Keuss

Dr./Mrs. G.S. Kieffer
Mr./Mrs. Jay W. Kiesewetter
Mr./Mrs. Geo. A. Killenberg
Mr./Mrs. Jack A. Kimball

Ms. Diann King

Mr./Ms. Alfred Kistner
Mr./Mrs. Arthur Klittich
Mr./Mrs. William A. Kloud
Mr. Gerald P. Knight

Miss Elsa L. Koch
Mr./Mrs. Frank W. Koehler
Mr. D.M. Koenig

Mrs./Mrs. Harry F. Koenig
Miss Julia F. Kohl

Mr. Timothy A. Kohler
Mr./Mrs. Alan C. Kohn
Mr./Mrs. K.H. Koizumi
Dr./Mrs. Phillip E. Korenblat
Mr./Mrs. Joseph M. Kovac
Ms. Hildegarde Kramer
Mr. David J. Kravitz
Mr./Mrs. Edward C. Kreutz
Ms. Ann Kroeger

Mr./Mrs. Edw. R. Krueger
Mr./Mrs. G.N. Kuechler
Miss Rebecca Ann Kuehn
Mr. John S. Kuehnel
Mr./Mrs. Paul S. Kuelthau
Mr. Arthur A. Kuhn
Mr./Mrs. N. Murray Kunkel

Mr./Mrs. E.J. Kupferer
Dr./Mrs. Haruo Kusama

Mrs. C. Oscar Lamy

Mrs. Edward P. Lanman
Mrs. M. Lanzafame
Mr./Mrs. John Larsen
Ms. Ann M. Larson

Mr./Mrs. France A. Laux
Dr. Wilfred Leach

later date.

INCREASE IN
MEMBERSHIP
CONTRIBUTIONS
MAY1976

Mr./Mrs. James F. Ladusaw, Jr

Mliss Barbara Lois Lanman

Mr./Mrs. Vernon D. Larson

SPONSORING

Mr./Mrs. Elridge Lovelace
Mrs. Walter E. Morris
Miss Stella G. Reese

SUSTAINING

Mr./Mrs. Louis C. Bailey

Mrs. John A. Latzer

Mr./Mrs. F. Carl Schumacher, Jr.
Mr. Harold E. Thayer

Mr./Mrs. Harold Wibracht

Some names of new members are
not included in this issue because of
the large increase in membership in
May. They will be published at a

CONTRIBUTING

Mr./Mrs. Gene K. Beare

Mr. Henri Chomeau

Dr. Hartmut Kannegiesser

Mrs. Gilbert R. Kennedy

Mrs. Aloert H. Leonard

Mr./Mrs. G.K. Presberg

Dr./Mrs. John S. Skinner
Sundermeyer Printing Company

MAY TRIBUTES

IN HONOR OF MR./MRS. HOWARD BAER’S
50TH WEDDING ANNIVERSARY

Mrs. Louis L. Baer

Erna and William Eisendrath

Mrs. J.A. Jacobs

Mrs. Benjamin Loeb

Dr./Mrs. Peter H. Raven

Mr./Mrs. Richard D. Schultz

Mrs. Harry Tenenbaum

IN HONOR OF THE JAPANESE GARDEN

The Brentwood Garden Clubs Association

IN HONOR OF MR./MRS. CLYDE R. PEDIGO’S
50TH ANNIVERSARY

Mr./Mrs. C.J. Maurer

IN HONOR OF COL./MRS. JOHN T. PIERCE,
ll! ON MARRIAGE OF DAUGHTER, KATE
Mr./Mrs. Milton Kushkin

TWO SERBIAN SPRUCE TREES DONATED
IN HONOR OF THE DIRECTOR,
PETER H. RAVEN

Tamra Engelhorn Raven

IN HONOR OF MRS. PETER H. RAVEN
The Garden Club of St. Louis

IN HONOR OF DR./MRS. HY SENTURIA
Mr./Mrs. Malcolm Steiner

IN HONOR OF MR./MRS. CARL E. REITZ’S
WEDDING ANNIVERSARY

Eileen and Alma Reitz

Henry and Marjorie Reitz

IN HONOR OF MR. MILTON TUCKER'S
BIRTHDAY
Erna and William Eisendrath

IN HONOR OF MR./MRS. GEORGE
VAINIKOS’ MARRIAGE
Dr./Mrs. S. Dworkin

IN MEMORY OF MR. CHARLES I. ENGLE
Mr./Mrs. Leslie Jones

IN MEMORY OF MRS. FRANZES GREENFIELD
Ernst and Meta Hager

IN MEMORY OF MR. JAMES A. GRIFFITH

Mrs. C.S. Williams

IN MEMORY OF MRS. EDITH WYCKOFF JORDAN
Ms. H.P. Jordan

IN MEMORY OF MR./MRS. JASON KAWIN
Dr./Mrs. Harold M. Cutler

IN MEMORY OF IRMA V. KUHLMAN
Dr./Mrs. Robert E. Kuhlman

IN MEMORY OF MR. J. D. WOOSTER LAMBERT
Mr./Mrs. Sam’l. C.Davis

IN MEMORY OF MARJORY FRANK LESSER
Mrs. E.E. Smyser, Jr.

IN MEMORY OF MR. JOHN J. STODIECK, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. S. John Brouk
Mrs. Jerome F. Kircher

IN MEMORY OF MRS. SPENCER THOMAS
Mrs. Jerome F. Kircher

IN MEMORY OF MR. ADALBERT VON GONTAR
Mr./Mrs. John H. Hayward

IN MEMORY OF MRS. MYRTLE STROPES A\
Harland Bartholomew & Associates

IN MEMORY OF MRS. W. WILLIAM DALTON
Members of the Sowing Circle Garden Clut

IN MEMORY OF MRS. MERLE DAVIS
Vi Taylor

IN MEMORY OF MR. HENRY W. ENDRES, Sr
Kenneth W. Chaplin, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Henry W. Endres, Jr.
The Richard Filbrun Family
Mr./Mrs. J. York Hewitt
Mr./Mrs. Harvey D. Johnson
Mrs. J.H. Johnson

Lt. Terrell H. Johnson
Mr./Mrs. Joseph Monolo
Mr./Mrs. Samuel B. Murphy
Mr./Mrs. Ralph E. Schulenburg
Miss Annette V. Stevens
Mr./Mrs. J.H. Werber

Mrs. Jack W. Wilson

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

2345 Tower Grove Avenue
Saint Louis, Missouri 63110

SECOND-CLASS
POSTAGE

PAID
AT ST. LOUIS, MO.

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Volume LXIV) Number 8

WF August 1976

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It wasn’t always a park. Once upon a time, over a
century ago, it was only a dream. Perhaps “plan” would
be a better word than “dream,” because Henry Shaw,
the man who planned and created Tower Grove Park,
was hardly a dreamer in the usual sense. He was an
astute and successful 19th century St. Louis
businessman. At age 39, believing he had accumulated
enough of this world’s goods, he retired to devote the
rest of his life to the development of his two favorite
projects, Missouri Botanical Garden (popularly known
as Shaw's Garden) and Tower Grove Park. The park
was named for‘ Tower Grove,” his country residence in
the Garden.

A Victorian Park

Tower Grove Park has been called one of the finest
remaining examples of a Victorian park in the United
States — quite likely in the world. It has been given
national recognition by being listed in the National
Register of Historic Places. Its gazebos, statuary,
fountain and lily ponds, stately entrances with unique
gatehouses, and tree-lined drives and walks convey
Henry Shaw's vision of a strolling park. In the tradition
of his native England, it was to be a place of tranquility
and ordered beauty. It was also the city’s first public
driving park, designed with broad carriage roads.
Through the years, it has taken on additional dimen-

sions and become a landmark of tradition, a witness to
an age of gracious living, and yet a very contemporary
part of each succeeding generation. With its tennis
courts, ball diamonds, children’s playgrounds, and
picnic areas, it is a very active people’s park as well asa
place to enjoy a bit of natural beauty in a busy urban
community.

Tower Grove Park is bounded by Grand Avenue on
the east, Kingshighway on the west, Magnolia Avenue
on the north and Arsenal Street on the south. The
general plan for the one and one-quarter mile long tract
with its narrow three-tenths mile breadth was the
“gardenesque style” involving a main drive leading
from the entrance gates at Grand Avenue with turnouts
at various points and terminating at the Shakespeare
Circle at the center of the park where the Center Cross
Drive intersects the park. From this point widely
separated curving north and south drives then
proceeded to Kingshighway, the center area being
planted heavily with trees through the years so that
what was meadowland when the park opened is now
the pleasantly forested picnic area west of the tennis
courts.

A Gift to the City

The land was originally part of the Prairie des Noyers
common field, laid out by the early French pioneers as
common farm land and acquired by Mr. Shaw ata
foreclosure sale. Having been used as farm land, the
tract was almost treeless when Henry Shaw conceived
the idea of developing it as a city park. It was not
difficult to persuade the Mayor of the City of St. Louis,
James S. Thomas, of the significance of such a park for
the city. It was agreed that Shaw would give the land to
the city in return for which the city would float a bond
issue sufficient to develop a park along the line of
Shaw’s thinking and would make an annual appropria-
tion adequate for maintenance of the park.

At the time, the western boundary of St. Louis
extended only 660 feet beyond Grand Avenue and
most of the land proposed for the park lay in St. Louis
County. Under the existing charter, the city had no
authority to accept and develop this tract, so it became
necessary to apply to the Missouri legislature for this
purpose. On March 9, 1867, an act creating Tower
Grove Park was approved. This act established Tower
Grove Park to the extent Mr. Shaw might see fit to grant
land to the City of St. Louis for the purpose of a public
park. The exclusive control and management of the
park was to be vested in a board to consist of not less
than five nor more than seven persons to be styled
“Commissioners of Tower Grove Park.” The legislation
provided that Henry Shaw, throughout his life, would
be a member of the board with the others to be
appointed for terms of five years by the Supreme Court
of Missouri. It was also specified that upon Mr. Shaw's
death he would be succeeded on the board by the
Director of the Missouri Botanical Garden.

On October 20, 1868, Mr. Shaw conveyed the land
which was to become Tower Grove Park to the City of
St. Louis. To finance the development of the park the
city gave to the commissioners $360,000 derived froma
special bond issue. There is a popular misconception
that Tower Grove Park was endowed by Henry Shaw.
However, all of the funds used in the original
development and subsequent capital improvements of
the park have been derived from the city and from gifts
and bequests of public spirited citizens. While Mr.
Shaw contributed virtually all the land and gave
unstintingly of his energy and imagination to the park’s
development, there is no record of his having used his
personal funds except for the three noteworthy bronze
statues and the other works of art inthe park. Mr. Shaw
did not create an endowment forthe support and future
development of the park.

When Shaw conveyed his land tothe city for the park,
he reserved a 200-foot strip around the perimeter to be
rented by the park commissioners ‘for the purpose of
erecting villa residences thereon only.” His idea was
that St. Louisans, wanting to live near such a lovely
area, would rent the ground under long-term leases
and build impressive residences. The gross rentals
received from the houses were to be paid over to Mr.
Shaw and his heirs and assigns, undoubtedly with the
intention it would help support the Garden. The brick
house just east of the North Gate (Magnolia Avenue
traffic entrance) was erected by Shaw evidently to
serve as a model “villa.” But the English system of
ground rents, by whichatenant improved the property,
did not catch on in St. Louis, a city noted for its home
ownership. The model was the only villa built. It still
stands as do the columns which were erected 200 feet
inside each pedestrian and carriage entrance to mark
the boundaries of the land designated for residences.

The deed conveying the land to the city contained a
reverter clause Stating that, in the event the city did not
comply with its provisions, the land would revert to the
Missouri Botanical Garden. Since the commissioners
failed to make the leases contemplated for the 200-foot
strip, the trustees of the Garden brought legal action.
The litigation was settled finally in 1925. The trustees of
the Garden were authorized to release all their interest
in the 200-foot strip to the City of St. Louis for $500,000,
payable in ten equal installments of $50,000 each. The
court decree further provided the 200-foot strip “be
forever used and devoted by the City of St. Louis and its
successors as and for public park, play and recreation
grounds.” Thus, the 200-foot strip came under the full
jurisdiction of the commissioners as a public park on
the same terms as the original land grant by Mr. Shaw
for this purpose.

The Payne Tract

There still remained a privately owned strip of land
adjoining the park at the northwest corner, known as

the Payne Tract. This contained about eight acres,
which Shaw had stipulated must be acquired for the
park. Before the end of 1926, all of the Payne Tract had
been secured either by purchase or condemnation.
Thus, the entire acreage (285) of what is now Tower
Grove Park was acquired.

From the time Mr. Shaw gave the park acreage to the
city until his death, August 25, 1889, he was not only
president of the Board of Commissioners but was the
chief designer and supervisor inthe planning, develop-
ment and maintenance of the park.

20,000 Trees

More than 20,000 trees were planted on the almost
treeless farm land, transforming it into a park that is still
remarkable in its variety of foliage. These trees were
gathered from many places around the world, started
as nursery stock in Shaw’s Garden, and _ later
transplanted. Mr. Shaw once commented on the tree
planting in the park: “The finest and best trees adapted
to the soil and climate of Missouri have been planted.
Next to our native trees, northern Europe has furnished
us with the greatest number of hardy, healthy species;
also, a few from Siberia, China and Japan.” Among the
kinds of trees were sugar maple, Norway and scarlet
maple, sycamore, papaw, horse chestnut, white birch,
shell bark hickory, wild cherry, redbud, gingko,
dogwood, catalpa, persimmon, honey locust, butter-
nut, black walnut, American and European larch, tulip,
Osage orange, magnolias in variety, box elder,
buckeye, peach, American crabapple, native and
European linden, elm, sweet gum, and many species of
oak. There were evergreens of many kinds — juniper,
spruce, cedar, fir and pine. An early collection of trees

was presented by John F. Darby, a well-known St.
Louisan and former mayor, and these were planted in
the eastern part of the park. Additional white
dogwoods, gift of a generous friend of the park, were
recently planted near the new concession.

James Gurney, First Superintendent

In the summer of 1866, Henry Shaw secured the
services of James Gurney from England as chief
gardener. Mr. Gurney worked closely with Mr. Shaw,
devoting his time and effort to the Missouri Botanical
Garden and Tower Grove Park. Upon Shaw’s death,
Mr. Gurney was appointed as the first superintendent
of Tower Grove Park, beginning a tradition of three
generations of Gurney family service as_ park
superintendents. James Gurney, until his death in
1920, made Tower Grove Park as much amonument to
his labor and landscaping skill as did Henry Shaw with
his generosity and foresight. It was said that every new
tree of the original group, but three, was planted
personally by Gurney or under his personal direction.
(The three exceptions were planted by noted visitors
on ceremonial occasions.)

James Gurney learned gardening from his father,
working as a youth in the famous Royal Botanic
Gardens of Kew, England, where he was in charge of
the aquatic plant section. Continuing his specialty in
water lilies, he introduced their display in Tower Grove
Park and Missouri Botanical Garden. Mr. Gurney’s idea
of a city park was that it should be walled in by trees,
giving the impression of a great forest. He wisely
recognized that it must have its practical as well as
ornamental side, and established public playgrounds
and recreation fields.

After James Gurney’s death in 1920, he was
succeeded as park superintendent by his son, James
Gurney, Jr., and he, in turn, was succeeded on his
death in 1943 by his daughter, Bernice E. Gurney. Miss
Gurney served until her retirement in 1976 andis nowa

consultant to the Board of Commissioners. Thus, three
generations of Gurneys have nurtured the park for over
a century. All who enjoy Tower Grove Park owe much
to their dedicated, faithful, devoted efforts.

Ornamental Entrances

Under Henry Shaw’s personal supervision, the
transformation of a bare field to a verdant English park
moved rapidly ahead. He oversaw the design of four
stately carriage entrances and commissioned some of
the finest artisans and craftsmen of the day to execute
the ornamental stone and ironwork. The Kingshighway
entrance, to which he always referred as “the West
Gate at King’s Road,” was inspired by the works of
Loudon, a noted English author on gardening and
architecture. It features 40-foot stone towers with
battlements and a vine-covered stone lodge for the
gatekeeper, who faithfully opened the ornate iron
gates every morning and closed them at sunset. The
gates were ornamented by lamps. All masonry work at
this entrance — towers, walls, and gatekeeper’s house
— is of aroughfaced ashlar or dark grey limestone. The
entrance remains virtually the same today as when it
was built in 1870, except the gates are gone and the
ornamental wellhouse which was located just east of
the gatehouse has been removed. A member of the
park staff now occupies the picturesque lodge.

Visitors entering the park via the North Gate drive
past 30-foot entrance columns adorned with limestone
spheres that were originally in the dome of the Old
Courthouse in downtown St. Louis. Mr. Shaw obtained
them for the park when the Courthouse was being
remodeled.

Entrance iron work was designed and executed by
Pauly & Brothers of St. Louis. The 200-foot perimeter
strip (for the villas) at this entrance is marked by
limestone pillars, each topped by a majestic stag.
These zinc figures, weighing 700 pounds each, were

The only “villa” ever built
in accord with Henry
Shaw’s English ground
rent concept has been the
home of the three
generations of Gurneys
who've served as
superintendents. They’ve
made Shaw’s dream a
reality for more than 100
years.

ihcwa: os

cast in Berlin. Known as the Magnolia Avenue traffic
entrance, it was constructed between 1868 and 1870.

The Grand Avenue traffic entrance, known as the
“East Gate,” was built in 1870. The iron work was by
Shickle and Harrison of St. Louis. The large side piers
of oblong blocks of dressed limestone are topped by
griffins. According to ancient and medieval mythology,
the griffin was an animal usually represented as across
between a lion and an eagle and symbolized vigilance.
The outer piers are ornamented with lions copied from
Antonio Canova’s weeping lions which adorn the tomb
of Pope Clement XIII in St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome.

James Gurney stands on a Victoria regia water lily platter.

Henry Shaw and companions
outside the Grand Avenue
carriage entrance, built in 1870.
The guardian griffins, a cross
between a lion and an eagle,
symbolize vigilance. Their
vigilance pays, because the
park’s Victorian embellishments
remain. So do the griffins (below).

The MISSOURI BOTANICAL
GARDEN BULLETIN is published
11 issues per year monthly except
August, by the Missouri Botanical
Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue,
St. Louis, Mo. 63110. Second class
postage paid at St. Louis, Mo.

SUBSCRIPTION RATES:
$5.00 per year, $6.00 foreign.

These zinc figures, like the stags located just inside the
North Gate, were designed and made in Berlin.
Originally a gatekeeper’s house was located about 200
feet northwest of the entrance. It was a simple frame
building “of pleasing design” and was to be replaced
with an ornamental gatehouse in keeping with the
other entrance gatehouses. Due to lack of funds,
Shaw’s plan was never realized.

The Arsenal Street traffic entrance, or “South Gate,”
was built at the same time as the other main entrances
in 1870 and 1871. The iron work was by Pauly &
Brothers of St. Louis. The charming gatehouse at the
South Gate is in “English country style,” and was
completed in 1888, the last of the park buildings to be
completed by Mr. Shaw before his death. A very sound
building structurally, it is now restored for use as the
park headquarters and visitors’ center. Close to this
gatehouse is a charming “wellhouse,” one of twelve
built in the late 1870's.

A Bit of Architectural Antiquity

No English park was complete without a pond on
which children could launch their toy sailboats. Mr.
Shaw obtained a gracefully tiered fountain for the
sailboat aah he ca pee ou Alibi rae mls aby

—

The statue of German naturalist Alexander von Humboldt, a gift of
Henry Shaw, was unveiled in 1878 amidst festivities including many
German societies.

arrangement of weathered stones and broken columns
on the north edge of the pond is one of the park’s
unmistakably Victorian features. During the mid-
nineteenth century, authorities on landscape design
invariably included in their plans “a bit of architectural
antiquity,” preferably placed where it could reflect in
water. In 1867, the elegant Lindell Hotel, located in
downtown St. Louis on the present site of Stix, Baer &
Fuller, burned to the ground. From the charred ruins,
Henry Shaw salvaged a number of large stone blocks
and columns. Although the hotel was only four years
old when it burned, the heat of the fire and effects of the
water had given the Joliet limestone blocks a
weathered, ancient appearance. To the delight of park
strollers and youngsters with sailboats the stones were
arranged in a pleasing design on the pond’s edge.

The Music Stand

As Henry Shaw planned it, Tower Grove Park was to
encompass beauty in all its forms, with music and
works of art to enhance the natural beauty. The Music
Stand, (see cover) a graceful octagonal pavilion witha
Curved cupola, was built in 1872 and is located east of
the Fountain Pond between the Main and North drives.
It is encircled by white marble busts of Shaw’s favorite
composers placed on pedestals of polished granite.

These works of art were gifts of Mr. Shaw to the people
of St. Louis. The busts of Mozart and Rossini were
executed by Howard Kretschmar, St. Louis sculptor;
Wagner and Beethoven by Ferdinand von Miller of
Munich; Gounod and Verdi presumably by Ross C.
Adams, the sculptor who did Juno and Victory in the
Missouri Botanical Garden.

The first concert given in the Music Stand was in
1873 and was followed by regular summer concerts on
Sunday afternoons. An effort was made to supply first-
class music “without making the programme so
severely classical as to interfere with its general
appreciation and enjoyment.” Early day notes show
that Posthlewaite’s Band furnished the music in 1883
and the St. Louis Grand Orchestra participated on
other occasions. Despite the number of carriages on
the concourse on Sunday afternoons, it was reported
that no serious accident had occurred to mar the
concerts. The Music Stand is a favorite location for
weddings in the park. It was recently wired for
electricity and it is hoped that its use may be resumed
for public entertainment.

Statues

Other works of art in the park were also part of Henry
Shaw's plan. In 1878, he generously presented to the
city two bronze statues which, at the time, were among
the more noteworthy in the United States.

The first presentation was the statue of Shakespeare
which was unveiled on April 23, 1878, the 314th
anniversary of the playwright’s birth. In the fewest
possible words, Mr. Shaw formally presented the
statue and Acting Mayor Lightner, in the absence of
Mayor Overstolz, accepted the gift on behalf of the
citizens of St. Louis. The statue was designed and
executed in bronze by Ferdinand Miller of Munich, who
later became the Baron von Miller and first president of
the International Exhibition of Art. He had apparently
been recommended to Mr. Shaw by his good friend and
architect, George |. Barnett. Mr. Barnett was the first
European-trained architect to reside and work in St.
Louis. His designs include many of Tower Grove Park’s
architectural highlights as well as the distinctive
pedestals for the statues.

On November 24, 1878, the second bronze statue,
that of Alexander von Humboldt, German naturalist
and Amazon explorer, was unveiled. This statue was
executed by Miller, also. The presentation ceremony
was a far more elaborate one, as it was an occasion for
all the many German societies in the city to gather. Five
turnvereins, the Saengerbund, Liederkranz and other
groups participated. There was a long procession,
band music, much oratory and masses of people
packed into the park. Not including the pedestal and
setting-up expenses, the cost of each statue delivered
to St. Louis was $5,000.

For many years, Mr. Shaw discussed with sculptor
Miller his ideas for a statue of Columbus for Tower
Grove Park. There was much amusingly revealing
correspondence which gives an inkling of Mr. Shaw’s
very determined ideas on the subject. At times he
apparently wounded the artistic feelings of the
sculptor, as Miller’s letters alternate between hurt pride
and awareness of the generosity of his American
benefactor whom he wanted to please. The heroic
statue — the first bronze figure of Christopher
Columbus in America — was unveiled in 1886.

Friedrich von Steuben

Since the generous gifts of Henry Shaw in the last
century, only one statue has been added to the park
and this very fitting and welcome addition stands north
of “The Ruins.” It is the figure of Baron Friedrich
Wilhelm von Steuben, whose military genius gained
recognition in Prussia where he served as a military
instructor and aide-de-camp to Frederick the Great. At
the urging of Benjamin Franklin and others in Paris, he
came to America, was appointed inspector-general
under General George Washington, and immediately
set about reorganizing and disciplining the American
Revolutionary forces at Valley Forge. Promoted to the
rank of major general, he served the Continental army
with distinction and honor. The statue was given by the

Se RS

The first bronze statue of Columbus in the U.S., unveiled in 1886, was
done by Baron von Miller of Munich, as were the Shakespeare (see
cover) and von Humboldt statues— all three commissioned by Henry
Shaw (left), One of the fanciful gazebos inspired by Shaw’s first
European trip.

German government to the St. Louis World’s Fair in
1904. In grateful recognition of von Steuben’s services
to the American people in their struggle for liberty, the
Richard Barthold Unit No. 28 of the Steuben Society of
America presented the statue to Tower Grove Park on
August 25, 1968. The sculptor is unknown. This
welcome addition was made possible through the
untiring efforts of Henry Bushmann, active Steuben
Society member and loyal friend of the park.

Gazebos

Another distinctive feature of the park is its gazebos,
the charming Victorian shelters which today are a
special part of its unique atmosphere. On his first
European trip, Henry Shaw was fascinated by the
beauty of the gazebos in England in their varying styles
— the Anglo-Chinese temple houses of Kew Gardens,
the medieval structures in the royal parks of Windsor
and Hampton Court, and the Tudor and Stuart summer
houses reminiscent of watch towers. He later saw the
temple gazebos of the Petit Trianon at Versailles in
France, the solid “koepels,” or garden teahouses, in
Holland, and the various Gothic gazebos in Germany,
Spain and Italy.

When he designed his “ornamental pleasure gar-
dens” in Tower Grove Park, he built ten gazebos,
adaptations of those he had seen on his travels. He

called them structures “for posterity,” designed to
“afford shelter from showers and sunshine” and
provide places “where a drink of refreshing water’
could be had. The large gazebo near the Arsenal Street
traffic entrance was designed originally as a dovecot,
with the base of the top cupola “arranged for pigeons
and other birds.” Near the East Gate is the largest of the
shelters, its tin roof entirely supported by wood
columns. Built in 1874, itis known as the “Sons of Rest
Shelter” because of its frequent use by older persons.
An attractive feature to park visitors is the Chinese
Pagoda with its delightfully fierce dragon heads.
Another gazebo was once the center of a children’s
playground and trellised croquet court. Some of these
fanciful structures protected wells that provided
drinking water for visitors. Across from the Fountain
Pond is the building which was once the center of a
parking area for carriages and horses, a convenience
for those attending the concerts or strollers through
the famed water gardens.

Architects

There remains some uncertainty about the exact
contributions of various architects to Tower Grove
Park. An Historic American Buildings Survey (known
better by its acronym HABS) commissioned by the
Board of Commissioners in 1974 and 1975 clarified
considerably the respective roles of Henry Shaw,
Francis Tunica, Eugene L. Greenleaf, Henry Thiele,
and George |. Barnett as architectural contributors to
the structural beauty of the park. From evidence
derived from the HABS extensive research, it is no
surprise that Henry Shaw is revealed to be the chief
designer of the park, working in close collaboration
with the architects he employed. It is probable that
Shaw, working in concert with Francis Tunica,
employed as engineer and architect of the park in the
years 1868-71, designed and supervised the building of
the first and only “villa” in the 200-foot perimeter strip.
This is now the Gurney residence. Other contributions
of this team include the North Gate and gatehouse (the
latter no longer standing), the East Gate and its former
gatehouse, West Gate and gatehouse, stable, stone
house near the stable, and six bridges.

Eugene L. Greenleaf is credited with various park
pavilions erected in 1871-72, after the end of Tunica’s
employment. These include the children’s playground
shelter, ornamental wellhouses, the Music Stand, Sons
of Rest Shelter, Turkish Pavilion, and the lily pond
summer house. Henry Thiele apparently drew maps
and other plans for the park, as well as designed the
Chinese summer house and other summer houses and
wells. George |. Barnett designed both palm houses,
the South Gate and the beautiful gatehouse restored in
1976 for use as the park headquarters and visitors’
center. He did the pedestals for the park’s major
statues. Since Barnett and Shaw were close friends, it

is quite possible that he collaborated informally on
other plans and designs for the park, and the other
architects may have been Barnett associates at some
time, or at least may have been referred by him to Shaw.

The Passing Years

Through the years, annual reports and records have
chronicled the accomplishments and problems of
Tower Grove Park and the city it graces. The first
annual report, published in January, 1871, by Comp-
troller Henry Shaw, furnished an inventory of property
and estimates for the coming year. It lists stables and
sheds built for horses and vehicles, tools, towers, stone
piers, entrances, iron bridges, and a house for the
foreman and stableman. Stamps and stationery cost
$70.87 that year.

With the passing years, Tower Grove Park remained
one of the unchanging facets in the neighborhood, its
unique features lovingly and faithfully preserved and
carrying the 19th century into the 20th. The park’s
records reflect major events in the history of the city
and of the nation. Parts of St. Louis were leveled by the
devastating tornados of 1896 and 1927. The park
suffered damage but survived. Its priceless trees were
threatened by the smoke from the soft coal burned by
industries and residences. Successful measures were
taken in the mid-’30s and '40s to clean up the air. The
trees, and those responsible for their care, breathed
easier again. The thirties brought the great depression
and homeless people sleeping in the park at times. An
unusually severe heat wave also forced many, in those
days before air conditioning, to leave their homes fora
cool night’s sleep in the park.

Bernice Gurney, Superintendent

World War Il had erupted when Bernice Gurney,
daughter of James Gurney, Jr., and granddaughter of
James Gurney, Sr., became park superintendent and
secretary to the Board andin her first annual report she
noted that “Tower Grove Park was contributing much
in helping maintain community morale... by making
possible the relaxation through recreation so vitally
essential during a war year.” Manpower was in short
supply in the war years anda ‘‘boypower” program was
tried, with elementary and high school boys permitted
to take full and part-time jobs to assist with summer
maintenance. Judo instruction and a “junior comman-
do” program were added to the children’s recreation
program.

The recreation program has continued to expand
through the years, with square and folk dancing, tennis
Clinics and instruction, baseball, softball, corkball,
soccer, bicycling, hiking and jogging popular. The
park is the scene of many Scouting activities, as well as
neighborhood fairs and festivals, art exhibits, antique
car displays, sing-outs, concerts and weddings.

Tennis Pro Earl Buchholz, Sr., teaches a group of novice tennis players — a handful among thousands Earl has taught under

ales

auspices of a Tower Grove Park tennis program sponsored by the St. Louis Jaycees.

Memorial to Henry Shaw

Although Tower Grove Park exists because of the
generosity of Henry Shaw, there was nothing in the
park to indicate this fact until 1952. The Board of
Commissioners at various times had considered the
subject of a memorial to him, but nothing seemed
appropriate. The park had become a tennis center and
its clay courts were much in demand, but difficult and
expensive to maintain. The Board decided to construct
a new tennis facility to be known as the Henry Shaw
Memorial Tennis Courts. The plans provided for twelve
all-weather lighted courts and a dignified stone
entrance archway to complement the natural setting
and other structures in the park. A paved square dance
area was provided, also.

The dedication ceremony on August 3, 1952 inciud-
ed the unveiling of a bronze tablet bearing a bas-relief
profile of Shaw which had been transferred from its
Original location on the pedestal of the Humboldt
statue. The event.inspired Irving Dilliard of the St. Louis
Post-Dispatch to write an editorial:

‘“‘Onlooker at a Tennis Court’’

“Henry Shaw had no children. In fact he never
married. When he died... he was in his 90th year — a
venerable survivor of a generation that had closed

ahead of him. But old Henry Shaw had spent those
extra years thinking about the children-to-be of the city
he had adopted as his own... He knew that people
liked to walk in green parks, such as he had known in
London. He remembered how boys and girls played
games and enjoyed the pools and flowers. And so, after
he retired, he gave St. Louis his Tower Grove estate for
apark...

“At 2 0'clock this afternoon a stone gatehouse witha
long forgotten bronze bas-relief of Henry Shaw, and 12
all-weather tennis courts will be dedicated in Tower
Grove Park. There is something pleasing about the
thought that, in memory of the grand old man who had
no children, tennis balls will soon be whizzing over the
net as sun-bronzed boys and girls leap in the air to
smash hits...

“Yes, the kindly spirit of old bachelor Henry Shaw is
certain to move along the sidelines when the first love
game is played on Tower Grove’s new courts.”

In later years, two more plaques, the work of
American sculptor William C. Severson, were placed in
the Henry Shaw Memorial Tennis Gatehouse. One is of
Dr. George T. Moore, who was president of the park’s
Board of Commissioners from 1925 to 1949 and
Director of the Missouri Botanical Garden from 1912-
1953. The other plaque is of the three Gurneys who

have served as park superintendents. The unveiling of
these plaques was held July 19, 1958.

The all-weather lighted tennis courts have continued
to be an important asset in helping to meet the
increased interest in this sport. Year-round tour-
naments (including the midwinter Polar Bear) and
exhibitions are held on the courts and attract citywide
competitive play and name pros, as well as give much
pleasure to the spectating public. The Tower Grove
Tennis Club (largest in the city) and pro Earl Buchholz,
Sr., have for many years cooperated in an ongoing
training program of high quality for junior players.
Under the able leadership of Buchholz, thousands of
boys and girls have developed their skills and many
tennis scholarships have been earned.

Fountain Pond Benefactors

Over the years the Fountain Pond and its Victorian
“ruins” had fallen into disrepair. In 1970, a bequest
from the late Elsie Strobel made it possible to renovate,
clean and deepen the pond. The stones from the
burned Lindell Hotel were placed in their original
arrangement and the graceful balustrade was restored.
Miss Strobel, a teacher in the St. Louis schools, had
spent many happy hours bird watching in Tower Grove
Park and her generosity assured that at least one
prominent feature of the park she loved would provide
enjoyment for future generations.

The original Victorian fountain was restored and
lighted in 1975 through the generosity of Mrs. Oscar E.

Buder. The gift was made in memory of her husband
who had served as a distinguished member of the
Board of Commissioners for 31 years. Members of the
Buder family attended the fountain lighting ceremony,
recalling happy childhood days when they sailed toy
boats on the pond.

Financial Needs

Several business concerns have made substantial
gifts, enabling the commissioners to improve the park
facilities in various ways. These corporate gifts have
been of significant value because they have met special
urgent needs.

Another recent gift made it possible to begin
improvements on the playground. A much-needed new
concession building was completed in time for the
opening of the 1976 summer season. This essential
facility and the restoration of the Arsenal Street
gatehouse for the park headquarters are only partially
financed. Other restorations and new installations are
needed. Structural members of some of the gazebos
should be replaced, and the Gurney home near the
North Gate, the only ‘villa’ constructed by Henry
Shaw, is in need of major repairs. There is a serious
problem in financing and maintenance of the park.
Caring for historic buildings is extremely expensive.
Many of these are in need of an almost complete
renovation.

There are other priorities — a recreation area for
senior citizens in the Grand-Magnolia vicinity, repair
and cleaning of statuary, major repairs to drives and
walks, the tennis court renovation and new courts to
accommodate the increased interest in the sport. An
imaginative new children’s playground with many
innovative features is under consideration. In
collaboration with the Missouri State Conservation
Department, a long-range reforestation program for
the park’s priceless heritage of trees is being planned.

Without a continuing program of restoration and
preservation, there is no way to avoid a gradual, but
progressive deterioration of the park and its facilities.
At stake is not only the future of the park, but of the
south central area of the city for which Tower Grove
Park and the Missouri Botanical Garden provide a vital
anchor. The policy of the Board of Commissioners has
been to develop and preserve the park to the best of its
ability, to keep its historic atmosphere, and to have it
provide the neighborhood and metropolitan communi-
ty with the recreational resources for which it is fitted.
The park’s major function is to provide recreation ina
setting of beauty and interest, and thus stimulate an
enduring residential community on the south side.

The Dedicated Park Staff

The operation and maintenance costs have always
been less than most parks of comparable size. This
very efficient and effective operation has been ac-
complished by a small, but very loyal and dedicated,

staff which is deeply involved in the park and has given
many years of devoted service to it. Until her retirement
in 1976, this staff has been under the able leadership of
Bernice E. Gurney, superintendent for 33 years. Miss
Gurney was most capably assisted by Lawrence
Weinreich who retired in 1968 after almost 50 years of
service, 38 years of which he served as park foreman.
When park visitors admire its natural beauty, they do
not know how deeply indebted they are to the inspired
genius and efficient service of August Fogt, landscape
gardener and foreman. Gus is now in his 20th year of
service of Tower Grove Park.

IN CONCLUSION

As alluded to earlier, a widespread misconception
exists that Henry Shaw left an endowment for the
maintenance of the park. However, from the outset —
and spelled out in the deed conveying the land to the
city — was the agreement that the city would
appropriate funds annually for the maintenance and
operation of the park. Considerable credit is due recent
city administrations that, in spite of a shrinking
municipal tax base, a sincere effort has been made to
meet the park’s basic maintenance needs. Basic
maintenance, however, will not assure the preservation
of the park and its architectural features. Community
Development funds are assisting to a limited extent
with gazebo restoration and necessary repairs to walks
and streets.

The only other sources of income are occasional
gifts and bequests from public-spirited citizens who
appreciate the priceless heritage which is Tower Grove
Park. The Board of Commissioners has followed a
policy of using gifts and bequests with some matching
grants for the restoration of the park’s historic
buildings, statuary and other unusual features.
Reforestation is among the priorities and an effort is
now under way to clear overgrown shrubbery and
reforest with trees selected for their unusual interest
and beauty which are adapted to the climate of
Missouri, following the pattern established by Henry
Shaw.

Throughout the changing times, the park’s charm
has remained unchanged. The lions still repose
peacefully atop the outer piers of the East Gate and the
fanciful griffins stand guard as one enters the treelined
Main Drive. Winding footpaths lead one past whimsical
gazebos, the wellhouses, the Music Stand and its
esplanade encircled with marble busts of the great
classical composers.

Two of the eight columns are not adorned with
statuary. Henry Shaw had planned for likenesses of
Donizetti and Sir Arthur Sullivan to complete his
“musical circle,” but he died before arrangements were
completed with the sculptor. It is one of the few details
of his plans for Tower Grove Park left undone and it is
somehow appropriate that the commissioners have left
it incomplete as a silent tribute to this great man.

The vision of Henry Shaw of a “place of beauty to be
enjoyed by St. Louisans in all walks of life” became a
reality over a century ago. His dream place has been
carefully nurtured and preserved. To endure for future
generations, it must continue to have the help and
support of St. Louis people who share Shaw's love of
our City, devotion to our rich architectural and cultural
heritage, and dedication to beauty in all its forms.

— ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS —

Clarissa Start, feature writer, St. Louis Post-Dispatch,
who did most of the research and wrote copy.

Mrs. Robert Drohlich, Robert Drohlich Associates,
Public Relations Counselors, editorial work.

Paul A. Kohl, Missouri Botanical Garden, helpful copy
suggestions.

Rosalie K. Buckley: “Tower Grove Park — A Gift To A
City,” Gardenfest Gazette, 1976.

Bernice E. Gurney, Consultant, Board of Com-
missioners, Tower Grove Park, investigative work and
many helpful suggestions.

Dr. David H. Nicholson, Commissioner, Tower Grove
Park, copy revisions and project coordinator.
Eldridge Lovelace, Commissioner, Tower Grove Park,
copy revision. ,

Mrs. John W. Calhoun, Commissioner, Tower Grove
Park, photography.

All other Commissioners for helpful copy suggestions.

TOWER GROVE PARK, 4255 Arsenal Street, St. Louis,
Mo. 63116 (314) 771-2679

BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS

Appt

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Blt. 2.2 1 Si ©: (0 (| dagen a 1971
Carrow G. Gilpitt.. <<<2s5s0000%4 be riey sae ve ews 1966
CIOMrIMI OU KTAMO?! «ii Vis oes ca eens ca deeiaads 1971
Bree tt, COVOICS. 5.065 6s i cordon tees esas 1971
De bars rie NIGNOISON, <.c4 on ead 654 edad acaes 1950
Dr. Peter H. Raven........... 0... ccc cece eens 1971

OFFICERS
Robert J. Gaddy, President
Eldridge H. Lovelace, Vice President
M. Colleen Stuetzer, Secretary
Mrs. John W. Calhoun, Treasurer

PARK SUPERINTENDENTS

Se NEY oa 5-4 y-5s-hsv eos ee eew ee ee 1889-1920
POEOS CAMNCY ll ose eso oe ee nae aees Bees 1920-1943
Bernice E. Gurney...................000. 1943-1976
Meee F. LIGTISON 665 n sdk ve ccnwka wees eee 1976-

The companionship of the long distance runners. The park provides “The West Gate of King’s Road,” Henry Shaw called the
for many leisure needs of area residents of all ages and interests. Kingshighway entrance. The imposing battlements, inspired by
Loudon, were built in 1870.

FORMER COMMISSIONERS

Henry Shaw........ 0.0.0.0 eee eee 1867-1889 William H. Dittmann .............. 1901-1930
Charles P. Chouteau.............. 1867-1901 Dr. George T. Moore.............. 1912-1953
James P. Thomas................. 1867-1874 Otto L. Teichmann................ 1916-1919
William F. Ferguson .............. 1867-1889 Oscar E. Buder................... 1919-1950
Adolphus Meier ................-. 1867-1889 William S. Bedal.................. 1921-1966
Robert A. Barnes ................. 1874-1886 Louis Stockstrom................. 1924-1945
John H. Lightner ................. 1884-1893 Henry W. Gildehaus .............. 1931-1932
William Trelease...............06. 1889-1912 Louis A. Hoerr.................... 1932-1933
Henry C. Haarstick ............... 1889-1916 Edmund R. Kinsey................ 1934-1955
George O. Carpenter ............. 1893-1924 Arthur Stockstrom................ 1946-1961
Julius S. Walsh...............005. 1893-1921 Fred J. Hoffmeister ............... 1947-1966

Joseph F. Holland ................ 1947-1958
John S. Lehmann................. 1953-1954
Dr. Edgar Anderson .............. 1954-1956
Emmet J. Layton ..............05. 1955-1971
Dr. Hugh C. Cutler ............... 1957-1958
Dr. Frits W. Went ................. 1958-1963
Raymond R. Tucker .............. 1958-1970
George A. Killenberg ............. 1962-1964
Henry Hitchcock ................. 1964-1965
Dr. David M. Gates ............... 1965-1971
Arthur Schwatz..........6.0 000005 1966-1971

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN
2345 Tower Grove Avenue
Saint Louis, Missouri 63110

With this special Tower Grove Park issue
the Bulletin expands to 12 issues per
year. Membership and tribute listings
will return in September's issue.

A

SECOND-CLASS
POSTAGE

PAID
AT ST. LOUIS, MO.

Missouri
Botanical

Garden
Bulletin

DAFFODILS SPRING ETERNAL

The Shaw Arboretum’s superb and _ historically
significant naturalized daffodil collection has con-
tinued to increase in extent each year.

Digging and separation of the bulb clumps have
been long overdue. So, this spring, Dr. William M.
Klein, assistant director of the Garden, and David
Goudy, superintendent of the Shaw Arboretum,
realized that harvesting the excess bulbs would not
only improve the display but also provide an opportuni-
ty to share with members, new and old, a ‘thank you”
dividend from the Arboretum at Gray Summit. (For
details, see the announcement in this issue.)

Narcissus, the genus to which daffodils belong, have
been grown by English and Dutch commercial growers
and breeders since the 1880s. U.S. domestic produc-
tion and breeding were delayed until the 1920s when
U.S.D.A. Quarantine 37 was imposed on plant
materials from abroad. Some European growers then
moved to America and settled on both coasts where
conditions favor daffodil production. Mechanized
cultivation of bulbs originated in the U.S.

Most of the early hybridizing, both here and abroad,
concentrated on modifying and improving size, shape
and color. A major part of the important work of
selecting and evaluating narcissus varieties for peren-
nial hardiness and dependability appears to have been
initiated here at the Missouri Botanical Garden by Dr.
Edgar Anderson and the St. Louis Chapter of the
American Daffodil Society.

Fortunately they had ample material to work with
because, at regular intervals since the Shaw Arboretum
was first acquired, many Cultivars and varieties of
narcissus have been planted, primarily in the Pinetum
area. The plantings were enlarged and carefully
studied, especially in the period 1938 to 1942. Those
varieties observed to have a sufficiently rugged
constitution to compete with bluegrass turf were
moved into the natural amphitheater adjacent to the
collection of oriental crabapples. Then 30 other

previously tested varieties were set aut in the same
area. The objective was to provide a continuous and
massive display from the time of the yellow trumpet
daffodils in early March until the last of the Poeticus
Narcissi some two months later.

In subsequent years, these bulbs have been largely
undisturbed and have multiplied profusely. Each
clump of daffodils may now contain several hundred
bulbs and the collection as a whole must run literally to
the millions.

Dr. Anderson, who contributed so much to the fields
of taxonomy and ethnobotany during his 46 years at
the Missouri Botanical Garden, was particularly fond of

Volume LXIV) Number 9
September 1976

daffodils. He wrote several articles on narcissi for the
Bulletin (1934, 1942, 1946) and devoted much time and
energy to the evaluation and improvement of the
Garden's collections.

In the late 1950s, together with Dr. Fritz Went, Dr.
Anderson organized a Daffodil Committee at the
Garden to pursue several objectives: developing a
daffodil display and test area for visitors to use as an aid
in selecting varieties for use in their own gardens;
cultivating and propagating a large number of un-
named hybrids willed to Dr. Anderson by Edwin
Powell, a well-known hybridizer from the East Coast:
and, most significantly, observing and selecting hardy
varieties of narcissi which would withstand St. Louis’
late freezes and detrimental weather.

This work continued more than five years. Subse-
quently, the St. Louis Chapter of the American Daffodil
Society was disbanded and Garden priorities revised.
In 1976, however, we are finally accomplishing one of
the goals of Dr. Anderson’s Daffodil Committee —
distributing narcissus bulbs to gardeners throughout
the St. Louis area.

September and October are the best months to plant
narcissi. A deep, heavy but well-drained soil is ideal for
successful cultivation. All bulbs should be covered toa
depth of one and one half times the length of the bulb.
Shallower planting tends to make the bulbs split up too
quickly while deeper planting reduces the height of the
stem and makes the narcissia little late in flowering. An
application of bone meal is beneficial at planting and as
a top dressing in subsequent years and it is advisable to
apply a light mulch soon after the ground has frozen.
Three to four weeks of leaf growth following flowering
is sufficient and the leaves can then be removed.

Narcissi are generally thought to be most effective
when the plantings are naturalized in a meadow or
woodland. They are excellent in semiformal lawn areas
and can be grown in lawns which are mowed regularly
as long as mowing is not undertaken for a month or so
after flowering. Narcissi can be forced in pots or bowls
and do extremely well in rock gardens. Several species
of dwarf narcissus are used in groups on rock gardens.

The words “daffodil” and ‘“narcissus” are often used
interchangeably. The genus Narcissus which contains
about 60 species is divided horticulturally into sections
called ‘Divisions,’ dependent on flower form and
species origin.

Varieties related to the jonquil have very sweet-
scented flowers, oils from which are used in perfumes.
Their flowers are smaller than daffodils and usually
clustered two or three on a stem. In fact, the true
jonquil, Narcissus jonquilla, does not do. well
throughout most of the U.S. and is seldom seen here.

The Royal Horticultural Society acts as the inter-
national registration authority for narcissus cultivars. A
classification system developed by the Society in 1909
is used to identify the thousands of varieties of daffodil
listed in garden encyclopedias and catalogues.

DAFFODIL DIVIDEND FOR ESTABLISHED MEMBERS

Established Garden members who present their
membership card at the Plant Shop between
September 15 and November 1 will receive a package
of daffodil bulbs with growing instructions. Supplies
are limited, so please hurry.

The bulbs are also being offered as an inducement in
our September solicitation of new members. Even
established members may receive a new membership
solicitation because the length of lists used did not
allow us to cross-check all names. If this happens to
you, don't be confused. Just pass the membership offer
along to a friend and help the Garden grow.

Daffodils have a special association with the Garden
as explained in another article in this issue. This is our
way of saying thank you to our old friends and welcome
to Our new ones.

THE NATION’S LEADING COLLEGE BOTANY TEXT
IS BY, GUESS WHO?

With the Missouri Botanical Garden’s director,
preeminence has become as habitual as brushing
teeth. The 685-page text, Biology of Plants, by Peter H.
Raven, Ray F. Evert and Helena Curtis, has moved into
first place as the best selling college textbook in
botany. The second edition has sold more than 30,000
copies since it went into print six months ago.

The new first-ranked text, published by Worth
Publishers, Inc., 444 Park Avenue South, New York,
N.Y. 10016, has been translated into Italian and
Spanish, and features nearly 1,000 illustrations
documenting every facet of plant growth, development
and evolution.

Well organized and clearly written, Biology of Plants
reveals such intriguing marvels and mysteries as the
evolution of the flower, its relations with pollinating
insects and other animals, the complex web of
interlocking influences and conditions which con-
stitute ecology, and thorough discussions of plant
structures and their functions.

To the director and his colleagues, congratulations.
All of us may be justly proud — and botanically better
informed. Biology of Plants is available at the Garden
Gate Shop for $15.95 or directly from the publisher
(above) for an additional 75 cents for postage and
handling.

The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN
BULLETIN is published 12 issues per year
monthly by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345
Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110.
Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo.
SUBSCRIPTION RATES:

$5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign.

A MULTI-FACETED AMBIANCE OF
BOXWOOD: A NEW GARDEN FEATURE

EDITOR'S NOTE: This is the second of two stories
announcing an exciting new garden within the Garden.
The first, a history of boxwood and a tribute to Edgar
Anderson, appeared in your July, 1976 BULLETIN.

The Edgar Anderson Memorial Boxwood Garden lies
between the Anne L. Lehmann Rose Garden and the
Japanese Garden. Originally a flat, uninteresting and
vacant site, it has been contoured into an inviting
landscape of mounds and terraces where soon a
garden will start to grow.

The design for the Edgar Anderson Memorial
Boxwood Garden represents a close collaboration
between architect Karl D. Pettit III of the firm of Eugene
J. Mackey and Associates, and Harriet Rodes
Bakewell, landscape architect.

The “ground sculpture” in this three-and-one-half
acre site uses the excess earth from the lake in the
adjacent Japanese Garden. Changes of elevation in the
basic design of the Boxwood Garden add im-
measurably to the opportunities for an element of
surprise and allow for a much wider use of the many
varieties of boxwood than might otherwise have been
possible.

Harriet Rodes Bakewell and Kar! D. Pettit I11 — designers of the
Edgar Anderson Memorial Boxwood Garden — confer in the
boxwood nursery at the Missouri Botanical Garden.

Both designers have been involved with renovation
projects at the Missouri Botanical Garden since
October of 1973. As the daughter of Dr. George T.
Moore, Director of the Garden from 1912 to 1954,
Harriet Bakewell knows the Garden well and is pleased
to contribute to the creation of the Edgar Anderson
Memorial Boxwood Garden.

“In approaching the design of a garden,” says Karl
Pettit, “it becomes the intriguing task to understand
and shape the garden’s landscape as a sculpture — an
integrated sequence of three dimensional space.
People respond inherently to space and are affected by
its elements, elements such as paths, edges, gates,
domains and places (symbolic or actual) which can be
expressed by nature as well as by hard-edged
architectural forms.

“It becomes the task of the imaginative and sensitive
designer to develop a garden plan which with cunning
intrigues and lures a person through a total garden
experience by making use of the traditional spatial
elements in a natural way. These elements must be
used and designed in proper sequence and with
sensitivity to human scale, and arespect for the unique
nature of plant material.

“With an organic design, we are blessed with the
treat of an ever-changing pattern. A garden will offer
new experiences with the drift of time through seasons.
A garden will evoke different emotions with changes in
sunlight.”

The Anderson Garden will focus on the Midwest-
hardy boxwoods in which Dr. Anderson took great
interest. He sought to disprove the St. Louis notion that
although boxwood is beautiful, it can’t be grown here.
These hardy boxwoods will be displayed in orderly or
in some cases mixed groups assembled in a succes-
sion of terraces or garden “rooms.” The rooms or
subgardens will provide a series of boxwood ex-
periences which will show the plant in its diversity of
size, form and manner of growth, and in its full range of
leaf color, size and shape.

Says Karl Pettit: “The designer must insure that
specific subgardens provide a proper setting for
boxwood display. There must be an integration and
continuity to prevent the garden becoming a single
chain of isolated and unrelated events.”

The Boxwood Garden is organized along a primary
southeast to northwest axis which runs down through
the succession of terraces varying in scale. A secon-
dary axis runs parallel to the primary axis and will lead
the visitor to more intimate garden rooms and, by a
spiral path, upward around an intriguing planted earth
mound capped with asmall kiosk shelter. From the top,
the visitor will be rewarded with a beautiful overview of
the Boxwood Garden from this shaded perch.

“The designer should be selective and creative when
providing a view or framing an architectural structure,”
Karl adds.

If we enter the Boxwood Garden from the southeast

walk, we will discover a small pond engaged with the
entrance terrace. This pond is the water source for a
small woodland stream which becomes the waterfall in
the Japanese Garden. “Thus, through this water event,
the two major gardens are subtly linked,” Karl explains.

Continuing down the primary axis from the entrance
terrace, we will enter the Balkan room. It is strongly
defined by a serpentine fieldstone fountain wall to the
south and a kidney-shaped mound on the north. The
Balkan room will display the Anderson Balkan box-
woods, including Buxus sempervirens ‘Edgar Ander-
son.’ The Boxwood Study Group of the St. Louis Herb
Society, forerunner of the Boxwood Society of the
Midwest, named this sturdy and handsome boxwood
for Edgar Anderson in 1973. Dr. Peter H. Raven,
Director, says that in this room there will be amemorial
to Edgar Anderson, recognizing his many years of
service to the Missouri Botanical Garden and honoring
him for his great scientific and botanical achievements.

From the Balkan room a visitor moves onto the grand
terrace with along, dramatic view to the teahouse in the
Japanese Garden. This view once again links the
neighboring gardens with designed intent. “The
gardens should join as naturally as the fingers of folded
hands,” Karl says.

The grand terrace is embraced by evergreen conifers
and a judicious mixture of boxwood cultivars selected
specifically to display variety in color and texture. The
grand terrace will be presided over by a handsome
specimen beech tree on the west.

From the grand terrace, we will continue down the
primary axis through two increasingly smaller terraces
embraced by massive boxwood cultivars such as

The parterre garden, a contemporary realization of a Renaissance
design concept. (From a model.)

Buxus sempervirens ‘Ste. Genevieve’ and B. semp.
‘Hermann von Schrenk.’ Both of these plants were
named and registered by the study group on behalf of
the Missouri Botanical Garden. Clones of both are
being propagated at the Garden by the Boxwood
Society.

“The design intent of this sequence,” says Karl, “is to
impress dramatically upon the visitor the mass
capabilities of boxwood.” As these plants reach
maturity, their density of foliage and magnificent
serenity will contribute to the “hint of mystery” which
Harriet Bakewell says must be a part of every boxwood
garden.

The secondary axis leads the interested visitor to a
secret parterre garden, an Asian room, and to the spiral
mound.

The parterre garden, which comes as a delightful
surprise as the visitor rounds a great holly tree (/lex
opaca) hedge, is the only formal planting in the
Anderson Garden. The parterre garden was a favored
device of the landscape designers who created the
elaborate and sumptuous “pleasure gardens” which
flourished during the Renaissance when garden
emphasis shifted from the utilitarian to the beautiful.

The name comes from the Old French par terre,
meaning ‘on the ground.’ While in some early par terres
colored stones rather than plants were used to create a
design, the term came to mean a rather low flower
garden with beds and paths geometrically arranged to
form a pattern. In the Anderson Garden the designers
have adapted this historic concept to the modern scale
and manner. It is a perfect example of another of Karl
Pettit’s design precepts: “Healthy input can be drawn
from tradition.” The focal point of the parterre room will
be an oval bed. An all-weather path makes the bed
completely accessible by foot or by wheelchair — one
of the benevolent Mr. Shaw’s original priorities for his
Garden.

Courses of mellowed brick divide the bed into
quadrants where flowers or herbs will bloom in season.
East of the bed a serpentine wall will create privacy. Ina
few years, the Boxwood Society hopes to place
boxwood topiary (plant sculpture shaped with shears)
in each of the wall’s four bays.

Planting of the boxwoods is scheduled to begin in
spring 1977. Then the Edgar Anderson Memorial
Boxwood Garden will grow into the rich and rewarding
opportunity to experience the expressive range of
boxwood in all its many nuances. This will be a fitting
tribute to a great botanist who loved and promoted
these historic and subtly provocative garden ornamen-
tals — a tribute respectfully created with much help
from many friends, but especially by the sensitive and
ingenious imaginations of two excellent landscape
architects.

Mary A. Gamble, President
Boxwood Society of the Midwest

HOW THE GARDEN HELPS PRESERVE

TROPICAL FLORA

The collection of herbarium specimens is one of the
best ways to preserve a portion of the rapidly
disappearing tropical flora. The Garden’s Botany
Department maintains a collection of about 2.5 million
herbarium specimens. These pressed, dried, and
labeled plants or portions of plants are attached to high
quality paper, stored in metal cases, and, with proper
care, which on a per specimen basis amounts to only
pennies a year, will be available for study for
generations to come.

When the first herbarium specimens were made
some 450 years ago, only a minimum of plant
information could be acquired from them because of
primitive techniques and equipment. Modern techni-
ques make it possible to acquire vast amounts of
submicroscopic and chemical information from these
simply prepared specimens. Yet more refined techni-
ques in the future promise even more knowledge of
unique plant features — much of it currently un-
suspected. Perhaps some day it will even be possible to
grow plants from specimens thought to be long dead.

In the last year, approximately 54,000 specimens
were acquired by the Garden’s herbarium through
purchase, exchange and as gifts. Of these, most were
from tropical areas: over 18,400 from the American
tropics and over 18,300 from Africa.

In addition to these 54,000, staff members in the
Botany Department collected some 5,000 specimens.
These were all from tropical areas, particularly
Panama, Colombia, and Peru, where we have active,
long-range collecting-research programs. In recent
years, staff members have collected in other tropical
areas ... eastern Africa, Madagascar, Ceylon, and
most of tropical America.

While much can be learned from herbarium
specimens, it is far better to permanently preserve
areas of tropical forests. It is impossible to study
complex plant-animal interactions from herbarium
specimens. It is impossible to sample the entire
spectrum of the forests’ biota in the short amount of
time usually available to any single collector. The
Department's staff cooperates extensively with
botanists from tropical areas in recommending areas
to be set aside as preserves and in studying existing
preserves.

3-DAY PLANT SALE — SAVE 20%

The Missouri Botanical Garden’s Plant Shop, in
the Floral Display House, will double the usual
10% member discount from Saturday, October 2,
through Monday, October 4. Cash in on this 20%-
off fall plant sale for three days, 9 a.m. to5 p.m.
Need an exotic tropical plant for home or office?
Mark your calendar now. Please bring your own
boxes or containers.

THE DESTRUCTION OF THE TROPICS*
By Peter H. Raven

The following story is reprinted by courtesy of
Frontiers Magazine.

The notion that humans could, and indeed should,
attempt to classify and name all other kinds of
organisms goes back some three centuries. Even in the
16th century, naturalists had begun to write books
including several thousand kinds of plants or animals
instead of the several hundred that would be familiar in
any one local area.

The Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus began our
modern system of naming plants and animals in the
mid-18th century. Linnaeus and his contemporaries,
from the vantage point of northern Europe, thought
that the number of species of plants and animals in the
world was relatively limited — probably more than
50,000 in all. Exploration of the tropics, where probably
two-thirds of all species of organisms occur, had barely
begun, and collecting was mostly confined to the
vicinity of the seaports, where weeds and a few
aggressive kinds of animals had spread widely all over
the tropical portions of the world.

So far, names have been given to approximately 1.5
million kinds of plants and animals, but for the great
majority of these, we know only a name, a very few
characteristics and a locality. Probably fewer than half
of these species have been mentioned anywhere in the
literature even once following their original descrip-
tion.

In order to assign a name to a plant or animal it is
necessary to publish a description with the name and
to associate the name with a particular specimen. This
specimen becomes the type of the species and, like the
standard meter, becomes a reference point for

assigning that name to any individual collected subse-
quently.

How many species remain to be named? Estimates
vary, but the numbers of new species that are routinely
encountered in many groups of organisms, particularly
in collections from the tropics, suggests that there are
at least twice as many yet to be named as have already
been given names. Naturally, the distribution of these
unnamed and mostly unknown species is not equal. In
temperate regions, perhaps a million of the estimated
1.5 million species have been named; butin the tropics,
no more than one in six — perhaps 500,000 of an
estimated three million species — have been brought
to the attention of science.

Our chances of collecting and naming these
“missing” species, so that any record of their existence
might be made available to future generations, or so
that anything about their potentially useful or other
properties might be known, is decreasing rapidly. The
reason is the rapid growth of human populations,
especially in the tropics. The Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations (FAO) estimates
that about 40% of the tropical forests of the world have
been destroyed during the past 150 years. Virtually all
of the remainder will have been cut before the end of
this century, during which time the populations of all
tropical countries will at least double, given present
rates of growth.

According again to the FAO, by the year 1985 some
26 tropical countries, with an aggregate population of
365 million people, will be unable to provide sufficient
food to allow their inhabitants to avoid gradual
Starvation. In addition, there is a rapidly increasing
population of some 400 million people who make their
living by slash and burn techniques in tropical forests,
growing crops for a year or two and then moving on.
Since all of the tropical forests will be destroyed during
the next 25 years, it is difficult to avoid the conclusion
that up to a billion people will starve to death in the
tropics during the next three decades. During this
period all natural communities in the tropics will be
totally destroyed before we can even begin to
understand them or to learn how to use them for
human benefit.

It was not until the explorations of the great German
scientist Alexander von Humboldt in Latin America
from 1799 to 1804 that the immense richness of tropical
life began to be appreciated. In the American tropics
alone, the richest in terms of species of plants and
animals of the world’s three major tropical areas, there
are probably over a million unnamed and mostly
uncollected species of organisms. A majority of these
will become extinct during the next 25 years, and most
will never have been collected even once by the time
they disappear from the face of the earth. Most tropical
countries, struggling under the burden of explosive
population growth and inadequate food supplies, a
severe energy shortage and runaway inflation, simply

do not have the resources to study the biological
communities upon which they are dependent, or to
build up the kinds of institutions that would allow them
to do so. The so-called developed countries of the
world, a few of which have the capacity to produce an
excess of food, are devoting relatively insignificant
levels of effort to the tropics, even though world
Stability ultimately depends on what happens there.
Billions of dollars have been spent on the exploration
of the moon, and we now know far more about the
moon than we do about the rainforests of say, western
Colombia. The moon will be there far longer than these
forests, and perhaps longer than the human race also.
In the forests are found the most complex interacting
systems on earth, systems which might even hold the
key to our survival, and about which we know
practically nothing. Would it not be prudent, during
this our Bicentennial Year, to consider allocating more
funds for the study of tropical plants and animals while
we are still able to do so?
Copyright © 1976 by FRONTIERS, published by The
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

Mrs. Anne L. Lehmann holds her favorite variety of rose, a
Tiffany, while viewing some 5,000 rose plants in the breath-taking
panorama of beauty which, during June 4 festivities of Rose
Evening, became the Anne L. Lehman Rose Garden, a fitting
tribute to honor Mrs. Lehmann’s years of generous support of the
Garden and especially her help in completing this magnificent
new rose garden at the center of the Garden.

Director Peter H. Raven (center) gets
an able Japanese Cedar planting
assist at Japanese Garden
ceremonies from Speaker of the
Missouri House of Represen-
tatives, Richard J. Rabbitt,
Representative from the Garden's
home — the 85th District. The
nation’s largest Japanese Garden
owes its rapid development in large
part to a $300,000 contribution in
general revenue sharing funds
through the Department of Natural
Resources obtained by the State
Legislature of Missouri.

Japanese Cedar (Cryptomeria
japonica) is widely cultivated in
Japan and is closely related to our
California redwood.

THE OPERATING BUDGET — WHERE DOES IT COME
FROM?

The name ‘Missouri Botanical Garden” may suggest
to many people that the Garden is a State institution
and therefore probably receives tax support for its
operation. Dr. William Klein, the Garden's Assistant
Director, is quick to refute the error of such an
assumption. He recites with a kind of ease that only
comes from frequent repetition,

“while the Missouri Botanical Garden is a major
tourist attraction in the St. Louis area and an
anchor in its St. Louis neighborhood, it does not
receive any city tax support for its operation. It is
the only botanical garden in the State of Missouri,
serving the people of this State for more than 116
years, but does not receive any direct tax support
from the State. And while the Garden is an
institution of national and_ international
significance, it does not receive any federal
support for its operating budget.”

As recently as 25 years ago, earnings on endowment
were sufficient to provide for practically all of the
Garden’s needs. Today, earnings on endowment
provide for about one-fourth of the operating budget.
The Garden has come to rely more and more on
revenue generated through sales to make up the
difference. The gate fee was increased in March. The
Garden Gate Shop, efficiently managed by volunteers,
the Plant Shop, the Flower Wagon drawn by a jeep
donated by Aspen AMC Jeep, and Tower Grove House,
one of the few historical houses in the city operating in
the black thanks to the Garden’s Historical Committee
— all these sales centers are major sources of revenue
which emphasize the crucial contribution of volunteers
to our operating budget.

In addition, the Garden receives support from the
united cultural campaign of the Arts and Education
Council of Greater St. Louis. The Garden is also the
beneficiary of many patrons who each year make
personal contributions. Grants have been received
from the Missouri State Council on the Arts for the
Japanese Garden as well as a number of sculpture
exhibits and performances. Another major portion of
the Garden's operating budget is derived from con-
tracts and grants to advance its scientific objectives. In
other words, the Garden's support comes from many
sources and, as with all such labor-intensive in-
stitutions, it has suffered the erosion of the various
sources of revenue in an inflationary economy.

In spite of the difficulties of the times, a major
outdoor improvement program has been undertaken to
bring into being new features such as the Japanese and
English Woodland Gardens, the Mediterranean House
and the newly dedicated Lehmann Rose Garden.
Expansion and improvements of the Garden have been
the major goal of the director, Dr. Peter H. Raven, and
the Board of Trustees. The approval of the course that
the Garden has taken in the years since Dr. Raven has
become director in 1971 is reflected in the expanding
membership and the very important contribution that
members make to the Garden’s support.

Four years ago the Garden’s membership numbered
about 3,000. Recent counts show over 8,000 members
and still growing! By far the largest numbers of
members belong to the $25 a year category. Since the
establishment of a Development Office as an ongoing
part of the operation, the Garden has turned more to
the higher levels of membership to provide critically
needed income. A very active program has been
launched to encourage members, when they renew, to
increase their membership to the next highest level.

A committee of the Womens’ Executive Board,
headed by Mrs. John Brodhead, regularly reviews the
membership rolls and extends special and personal
invitations to come to a slide program and learn more
about the many different activities. A “behind the
scenes’ tour of the Garden and the Lehmann Building
follows the slide program. Mrs. C.F.P. Stueck coor-
dinates the guided portion of these very popular visits
— the Members Executive Board’s way of increasing
awareness of wide-ranging Garden activity and also of
thanking members for their support.

Ken Peck leads an evening tree walk.

Mrs. Hyman (Audrey) Senturia was recently hired to
assist Dr. Klein in the Development Office. Audrey has
initiated a number of programs aimed at identifying
people who should be interested in what the Garden is
doing. The evening tree walks, led by Ken Peck or Bob
Dingwall, and followed by a picnic supper have been
extremely popular and informative — another way we
try to say thank you for your generous support.

On behalf of the Board of Trustees, the Members’
Executive Board and all of the Garden staff, we invite
you to consider increasing your level of membership
when you renew.

Contributing $ 50
Sustaining 100
Sponsoring 250
Director's Associate 500
Henry Shaw Associate 1,000

If you have any questions about the Garden’s
development programs, please call Dr. William Klein or
Audrey Senturia. They will be more than happy to
discuss all aspects of the Garden’s operating budget
and how you can help insure the continuance of this
priceless St. Louis heritage.

DON’T FOLLOW A GUIDING LIGHT
WHEN YOU CAN BE ONE

What do the following unfamiliar and intriguing
terms have in common: Yatsuhashi, Quercus macro-
carpa, and Basil purpurea? These area few of the many
non-household words which guides of the Missouri
Botanical Garden learn about and learn to share with
others.

Help share the lore, the legend and the legacy of the
Garden with visitors — all sorts of people and all sorts
of groups from all over St. Louis, the state, the nation
and the world. Explaining, showing and answering
questions about one of the world’s greatest Botanical
Gardens is fun and rewarding.

Plan now to join a training course for new guides —
eight sessions in January and February, 1977. Call 772-
7600, Education Department, for information.

STUDENT VOLUNTEERS
SERVING & LEARNING

We owe a Special debt to students ranging from
junior high school level to those working toward
advanced degrees. Their efforts and achievements
aren't always apparent to Garden visitors.

Many work in education, teaching grade school
children such crafts and concepts as: terrarium
construction, the structural differences between
various fruits and vegetables and how they're grown,
seeding, transplanting, and plant propagation.

Many have served as guides at Tower Grove House,
learning and explaining the history of the Garden, its
intriguing founder and benefactor Henry Shaw, and his
elegant Victorian surroundings.

Many have worked in the Climatron, the Desert
House or Mediterranean House, learning valuable
botanical lore while contributing valuable service.

In this exchange, all of us are the beneficiaries as
knowledge and the Garden grow together.

— Carol Taxman, Chairman of Volunteers

~~

ge

=
=

Tamra Engelhorn Raven, New Zealand botanical artist, Keith R.
West, and Garden Director Peter H. Raven review their collective
handiwork — a recently published monograph on willowherbs in
Australia and New Zealand.

HUSBAND AND WIFE DECODE THE MYSTERY
OF SOUTH PACIFIC WILLOWHERBS

In the field of botanical scholarship, there are few
husband and wife collaborative efforts. One of the
more recent and successful such collective efforts,
with an able assist from botanical illustrator Keith
West, is awork co-authored by Peter and Tamra Raven,
The Genus Epilobium (Onagraceae) in Australasia: A
Systematic and Evolutionary Study.

The book, published in June by the New Zealand
Department of Scientific and Industrial Research,
stems from work done by the Ravens during a year
(1969-70) spent in the island country on a Guggenheim
Fellowship and a D.S.I.R. Senior Postdoctoral
Fellowship.

Despite the scholarly title, New Zealand reviewers
have found the work highly readable, beautifully
illustrated and of general interest to amateur and
professional botanists alike.

The work focuses on the 50 Australasian species of
the approximately 200-species genus more commonly
known as willowherbs. Scholars consider the work
takes on a wider significance as an exhaustive and
intensively researched study in plant evolution, tracing
the 50 Australasian (New Guinea, Australia and New
Zealand) willowherbs to a single Asian progenitor.

Rapid mountain building in the South Pacific, unoc-
cupied ecological niches open to colonization by the
Asian ancestor, a prevailing tendency toward self-
pollination linked with an ability to hybridize — all
these factors help explain the profuse speciation ina
geologically short time and to support the Raven
hypothesis.

The painstaking accuracy and aesthetic perfection
of West's illustrations match the thoroughness of the
research and writing. Keith West, a staff artist in the
Botany Division of D.S.I.R., is currently working here at
the Garden completing collaborative research with the
Ravens. He will return to Christchurch, New Zealand at
the end of September.

LANDSCAPE DESIGN
STUDY COURSE OFFERED

The first in a series of landscape design courses set
up by the National Council of State Garden Clubs and
co-sponsored by the Missouri Botanical Garden, the
Federated Garden Clubs of Missouri, the University of
Missouri - St. Louis Continuing Education Extension
and the St. Louis County Extension Center, will be
given Tuesday, October 5, through Thursday, October
7, at the J. C. Penney Continuing Education Building
on the University of Missouri-St. Louis campus.

The three-day course will cover the following topics:
Civic Projects and Garden Clubs, Development of
Landscape Architecture to 1840, Home Grounds,
Ecology and Environment, Theory and Basic Prin-
ciples of Landscape Design, the Professional
Landscape Architect, Plant Materials in the Landscape
and Roadside Development. The Garden’s chief
horticulturist, Robert Dingwall, will be one of the
instructors.

The course fee is $20. It is open to the public and
there are no prerequisites. Registration: 8:30 a.m.
October 5 and lectures from 9:30 a.m. to 3:30 p.m.
October 6: lectures from 8:45 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. There
will be reading assignments for those who wish to take
an optional test October 7. The test will be based on
readings in the following books: “An Introduction to
Landscape Architecture,” Laurie, “Landscape
Architecture,” Simonds; and “The Book of Landscape
Design,” Ortloff and Raymore. These books may be
purchased at the National Council of State Garden
Clubs headquarters, 4401 Magnolia Avenue, St. Louis,
63110, on the Garden grounds. For further information
contact Dorothy A. Thompson, UMSL Continuing
Education Extension, (314) 453-5961.

Courses II, Ill and IV in this series of courses will be
offered in successive years in October. The program,
begun in 1952, aims to raise public awareness of good
landscape architectural practice. These courses are of
special value for those serving on park boards,
highway commissions, planning and zoning boards,
construction and development.

Gardening in St. Louis

GARDENING IN SEPTEMBER

September's cooler weather will change the regimen
of your gardening activity. It is a time for gardening’s
New Year’s resolutions. Take stock, make note of this
year’s successes and failures and jot down reminders
and lessons learned. Then begins the active process of
cleanup, renovation and replanting.

Composting

This is a good time to start a compost pile, using the
weeds and other debris from the garden. Later youcan
add the leaves. Be sure to keep the pile wet and add
some old compost to the pile to introduce the bacteria
needed to break the new material down.

Lawn Care

For the lawn, now is the time to renovate the old or
start a new one. If the soil is compacted it should be
aerated. Many lawns need to be rethatched. Top dress
with a rich top soil high in organic matter, such as peat
moss or compost. After the lawn has been thoroughly
cleaned, apply the top dressing to a depth of % inch
over the entire surface area. A well balanced fertilizer
and the new lawn seed should be moist until establish-
ed and there is a regular pattern of rainfall.

New lawns should have the ground well worked up
and enriched with organic matter to a depth of 12 to 15
inches. The organic matter should be applied to a
depth of 4 to 5 inches and worked well into the soil. Soil
tests should be made and if indicated, lime should be
added and raked in. The surface should be raked toa
fine grade of tilth and all depressions leveled before
applying the fertilizer and grass seed. The fertilizer and
seed should be raked in lightly, rolled and kept moist.
The object is to get the lawn well established in the cool
weather.

Buy Now

Incidentally, in purchasing lawn seed, make sure you
get seed of high quality; it’s generally worth paying a
little more!

Spring flowering bulbs will be on sale now, so select
as early as possible and store in a cool, dry area until
they can be planted. Daffodils should be planted in the
ground now, while tulips can wait until October.

Purchase ferns and house plants now so that they
may become accustomed to house conditions before
winter sets in.

House plants set out for the summer should be
cleaned up and gradually moved indoors as the month
advances. If insects are present, spray the plants and
check to see if plants are root-bound. Repot as
necessary and prune back to control shape and size.
Cuttings of geraniums, coleus, begonias and others
made now will make ideal plants for indoors.

For those attempting to flower Poinsettias for
Christmas, plants should be given lots of light during
the day, but placed in the dark from 7 p.m. until 7 a.m.;
otherwise they will fail to bloom.

Plant Now

Most perennials are best redivided and reset now,
with the exception of late fall flowering ones, which
should be left until spring. Add plenty of organic
matter, such as compost, animal manure or peat moss
to the soil with bonemeal and work in well. Mulch new
plants well with compost, leafmold or wood chips, as
this will keep soil cool and moist, allowing plants to
make good growth.

Evergreens may be planted now. Dig the hole twice
the size of the root ball and replace the soil with one
containing equal parts of organic matter. Water and
mulch well. Clean up weeds around other shrubs and
evergreens and add fresh mulch.

Do not fertilize roses, shrubs and trees now, as this
will not allow these plants to harden off for the winter
ahead. Root feeding of these may be done once they
are dormant, in early November.

Pruning

Pruning of late summer blooming shrubs should be
completed this month. In pruning, cut the plant back to
control the height and also to remove some of the
heavier stalks at ground level, plus any weak shoots so
as to allow air circulation. Also prune any broken limbs
or branches damaged in recent storms.

Clean up coldframes now, removing any unwanted
plants and weeds, and prepare the soil by adding
organic matter. Lettuce, spinach, cabbage, broccoli,
and radishes may be started now for late fall use.

Robert Dingwall
Chief Horticulturist

A SENSE OF DEEP LOSS
& LOVING MEMORIES OF
BRIGHTIE WILL LONG

| ENDURE

The death of Frances Brightwell Stribling July 17 has
saddened the entire Missouri Botanical Garden com-
munity.

Mrs. Stribling was a member of the Garden for many
years, a past president of the Women’s Executive
Board and an advisor of valued judgment on many
Garden committees. She was also president of the
Rowena Clark Garden Club in Kirkwood.

Generous with her knowledge and wise in her
counsel, she was always ready to help young members.
Her gentle humor and quiet strength were the source of
a personal magnetism highly valued by her many
friends. She was a pleasure to work with. Brightie’s
high standards, her love and understanding of plant

A delegation of
Japanese
dignitaries
representing

the America
Japan Society
pose after
Japanese Garden
tree planting
ceremonies
which were pre-
ceded by an
elegant luncheon
in the Lehmann
Building. During
their two-day
visit to St. Louis
in June, they
were lavishly
entertained by
the St. Louis
Chapter of the
Japan America
Society, Inc.

material and horticulture were beautifully reflected in
her contributions and love for the Garden as well as in
the creation of her own twoentirely charming gardens,
each unique yeteach acenter of serene beauty. Itwasa
pleasure to see her tend her plants with skill and
tenderness.

Her unselfishness and compassion were further
reflected in her extensive service to the Red Cross.
From 1956 to 1965 Brightie served as director of
volunteers for the entire midwestern area of the
American Red Cross. This and many other civic
activities earned her due acknowledgement as a St.
Louis Globe-Democrat Woman of Achievement in
1960.

Dignity, charm, compassion, deep faith and great
personal courage are the valued legacy she leaves
those of us fortunate enough to have known her and all
of us are grateful to have had a share in her life.

Her first husband, G. Chadbourne Taylor, president
of the Mississippi Valley Barge Line Company, died in
1962. In 1965 she was married toG. Carroll Stribling, an
attorney.

Besides her husband, she is survived by a son,
George C. Taylor III of Houston, a sister, and two
brothers.

The family suggests those wishing to honor the
memory of Mrs. Stribling make contributions to Grace
Episcopal Church, Kirkwood, or to the Missouri
Botanical Garden.

mo paiehe Oar. i” : eg ee Re pa rae. |
oe P Se ple ae . ® e * e Cate m a. et se > neal
— 5 ieee » pos oes. : MERen gs SS eel as VOT ee

THE CLIMATRON RECEIVES BICENTENNIAL HONORS

The Climatron, St. Louis’ home-away-from-home for
plants representing many endangered tropical
species, was recently dubbed by experts as one of the
most significant architectural achievements of our
nation’s first 200 years.

The unique aluminum and plexiglass structure built
in 1959, admired inside and out by nearly 300,000
visitors a year, was one of six St. Louis structures
included among 260 landmarks across the country
nominated by 46 architects, architectural historians
and critics who took part in a bicentennial survey
sponsored by the American Institute of Architects
(AIA).

The Climatron, a visual symbol of St. Louis running
second only to Saarinen’s arch, is one of the earliest
realizations of the geodesic dome, an architectural
form invented by R. Buckminster Fuller, world-
renowned architect and now Professor Emeritus at
Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville.

The geodesic dome configuration, reflected by a
preamble of lily ponds in millions of amateur and
professional photographs, allows the unobstructed
enclosure of 1,300,000 cubic feet of space. This opens
panoramic vistas for many lush tropical plants to
express their full sculptural and spatial potentialities
under roof in a ‘climate controlled’ (from which the
word climatron is coined) environment.

The immense weight of the dome’s surface — more
than an acre of “%-inch thick triangular plexiglass

panels with neoprene gaskets supported by double
tubular aluminum framework — is carried to the
circular concrete base by five unobtrusive piers. The
stress collects so gradually toward these outward
elements of support that the dome rises with a light
graceful flow of line and shape that seems to defy
gravity.

The structure, which predates R. Buckminster
Fuller’s most widely known geodesic dome (the U.S.
Pavilion at Expo’67 in Montreal) by eight years, was the
work of Murphy & Mackey architects. The dynamic
motive force behind the creation of the Climatron was
Dr. Fritz W. Went, then Director of Missouri Botanical
Garden.

The giant enclosure, 70 feet high, 175 feet in
diameter, with a split-level floor space of more than half
an acre, is as functional as beautiful.

Two air circulation systems, a heating system which
Operates on a north-south gradient and a cooling
system which operates on an east-west gradient, help
maintain a stable tropical temperature and humidity
despite the drastic seasonal changes of St. Louis. The
upper level supports a basic lowland tropical climatic
regime, while the western half, which is 12 feet lower,
supports a tropical montane (mountainous) flora.
Further variations in soil pH reaction, fertility, drainage
factors, and variations in light and temperature based
on plant location within the Climatron — all these
factors allow a wide range of tropical and subtropical
flora to coexist in good health under the dome.

Dr. Charles A. Huckins, Curator of Tropical Plants,
notes further that the dome shape recreates our
perceived view of the heavens and thereby, conscious-
ly or not, creates the perfect sweeping structural
showcase for visitors to sense a lush tropical world in
miniature.

Our Climatron received in 1961 the R. S. Reynolds
Memorial Award from the AIA.

Now, 15 years later, this bicentennial birthday honor
reminds us of the tremendous structural, functional
and aesthetic triumph of our most dramatic structure
— a pioneering achievement and proud part of a
growing tradition.

NEW
MEMBERSHIPS
MAY 1976

Mr./Mrs. Chas. A. Lee
Mr./Mrs. David. J. Lehleitner
Mr./Mrs. R.D. Leighninger, Sr.
Mr./Mrs. J. David Levy, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. John B. Lewis
Mr./Mrs. Leonard W. Lewis
Mrs. Marilee H. Lewis
Mr./Mrs. James W. Liddell
Mrs. Ben Lindenbusch
Mr./Mrs. James H. Link
Dr./Mrs. C.M. Linsenmeyer
Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Little

Mrs. Nellie Loane

Mr./Mrs. Emlin Lock

Mr./Mrs. Donald J. Loos
Dr./Mrs. Thomas J. Loughrey
Mr./Mrs. Carl R. Lovitt

Mrs. J.L. Lueck

Mr./Mrs. Michael J. Luepke
Mr./Mrs. Ray Luken

Mr./Mrs. David G. Lupo
Mr./Mrs. Charles Luther, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. James F. Lynch
Mr./Mrs. George F. Mace

Mr. Ken Magee

Dr./Mrs. Thomas F. Maher
Mrs. Ella Mahler

Mr./Mrs. William P. Mahne
Mr./Mrs. Walter G. Maijtas, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Robert Marquardt
Mr./Mrs. Jack Marquess
Mr./Mrs. John D. Marschalk
Mr./Mrs. Charles W. Marshall
Mrs. Delores C. Martin
Mr./Mrs. Donald Martin
Mr./Mrs. Earl F. Maschmeier
Mr. J. Masek

Mr. John C. Marsden
Mr./Mrs. Jacob J. Mathias, Jr.
Dr./Mrs. Michael Mathlof
Miss Mildred L. Matthes
Mr./Mrs. Robert B. Matthews, Jr.
Mliss Thelma Maurer

Mr. John S. Maxwell

Mr./Mrs. Robert May
Mr./Mrs. John P. McCammon, Jr.
Ms. Loretta Ann McCann
Mrs. Marshall McCarthy
Mr./Mrs. Charles G. McClellan
Mr./Mrs. Charles McClelland
Mr./Mrs. Enos S. McClure
Mrs. Harriett K. McConnell
Mrs./Mrs. J.H. McConnell

Ms. Eileen McCormick
Mrs./Mrs. J. Gordon McCullough
Mr./Mrs. John D. McCutcheon
Mr./Mrs. James J. McGill
Dr./Mrs. Charles P. McGinty
Mrs. Shirley McGrath
Mr./Mrs. Frank H. McGuigan
Rev. James C. McLain

Miss Catherine McLaughlin
Miss Nancy McRee

Miss Lynn McSorley
McVey-Finney Family
Mr./Mrs. Martin R. Meagher
Col./Mrs. James B. Meanor, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Louis G. Melchior
Mr./Mrs. John W. Menges
Mr./Mrs. Harold J. Menteer
Mr./Mrs. Richard W. Merkle
Miss Margaret K. Merten
Mr./Mrs. Charles E. Meyer
Mr. Marvin Meyer

Mr./Mrs. Michael R. Meyer
Mr. Fred R. Miller

Mr./Mrs. Orville C. Miller
Mr./Mrs. Richard J. Mitchell
Ms. Wilma Moeckel

Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Mooers

Mrs./Mrs. Wilfred C. Moore
Mrs. Marguerite R. Moran
Mr./Mrs. Joseph A. Mowry
Mr./Mrs. J. Robert Mudd
Mr./Mrs. George P. Mueller
Mr./Mrs. Joseph J. Mueller, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Murphy
Rev./Mrs. Rodger L. Murray
Dr./Mrs. Homer E. Nash, Jr.
Mrs. Edward J. Nauyoks
Mrs. Shirley M. Nelson
Mr./Mrs. Joseph R. Niemann
Mrs. Mary J. Nietmann
Mr./Mrs. Marvin Nissenbaum
Mr./Mrs. William J. Nix, Jr.
Ms. Antoinette M. Noe
Mr./Mrs. John H. Nolan
Mrs. Fillmore C. Nolte
Mr. Richard H. Nusloch
Mr./Mrs. Edward J. Oborsh
Dr./Mrs. Robert M. O'Brien
Mrs. R.W. Olson
Mrs. Katheryn O'Neill
Mr./Mrs. Clarence E. O'Radnik
Mr./Mrs. Robert H. Orchardt
Dr./Mrs. Steven L. Overholt
Mr./Mrs. Robert Overkamp
Dr./Mrs. Robert Paine
Mr./Mrs. C.J. Palmer
Mrs. Pauline S. Parham
Mr./Mrs. L.B. Parker
Miss Grace Parle
Mr./Mrs. H.W. Parsh
Mr./Mrs. J.R. Patterson
Dr./Mrs. David H. Paul
Mr./Mrs. L.H. Paxtor
Mr./Mrs. Joseph C. Peacock
Mr./Mrs. James L. Perabo
Mr./Mrs. Alan J. Perlmutter
Ms. Frances Perricone
Mr./Mrs. Lester G. Peters
Mr./Mrs. Ralph A. Petersen
Miss Anna Peterson
Mrs. Alroy S. Phillips
Mrs. Elizabeth B. Pierson
Mr./Mrs. Kurt C. Plache
Mr./Mrs. Philip H. Plack
Mr./Mrs. Thomas W. Platt
Dr. William R. Platt
Dr./Mrs. W.H. Poggemeier
Mr. Gene Pomeroy
Ms. Sandra Posen
Mr./Mrs; Fred A. Powers
Ms Marlen |. Powers
Mr./Mrs. Dwight Prade
Mr./Mrs. Charles E. Preissler
Mr./Mrs. E.C. Preissler
Mr./Mrs. Chas. E. Presnell, Sr.
Professional Specialties
Company
Mr./Mrs. Peter Prutzman
Mr./Mrs. Richard Read
Mr./Mrs. Daniel Ready
Mr./Mrs. David Reardon
Mr./Mrs. Nicholas L. Reding
Mr./Mrs. Nelson Reed
Mr./Mrs. Joseph A. Reichwein
Mr./Mrs. Frank J. Reiliy
Dr./Mrs. Thomas Reppun
Mr./Mrs. Wilmont C. Reynolds
Mrs. Marcus Rice
Ms. Betty Richards
Dr./Mrs. Q.M. Ringenberg
Miss Dianne K. Risser
Mrs. P.G. Rives
Mr./Mrs. Wm. T. Roach
Miss Winifred M. Rodgers
Ms. Mary M. Rodriquez
Mr./Mrs. James W. Rohrer
Roman Company
Dr./Mrs. Herbert E. Rosenbaum
Mr/Mrs. Bernard S. Rosenblatt
Mr./Mrs. Wm. Rost
Miss Bernice K. Rubinelli
Mr./Mrs. Henry Ruenpohl
Mr./Mrs. Melvin L. Rueppel

Mr./Mrs. Wallace R. Ruwitch

Mr./Mrs. Raymond A. Ruzicka

Mrs. John T. Ryan

Mr./Mrs. M.M. Sachar

Mr./Mrs. James R. Sadlon

Mr. Fred St. Onge

Dr./Mrs. Neill F. Sanders

Mr./Mrs. Lewis H. Schaefer

Mr./Mrs. A.A. Scharff, Jr.

Ms. Kathryn A. Schaub

Mr./Mrs. Harold Wm. Schaus

Mr./Mrs. Eugene Schill

Ms. Maria A. Schiller

Mr./Mrs. Ray Schimmelpfenning

Mr./Mrs. Larry Schlimpert

Mrs. Melba Schmidt

Mr./Mrs. Albert E. Schoenbeck
Mr./Mrs. Ronald J. Schoenfelder

Mr./Mrs. Christopher Scholbe

Mr./Mrs. Phillip A. Schorr
Dr./Mrs. Bernard E. Schrautemeier

Mr./Mrs. John J. Schroeder

Mr./Mrs. William H. Schroeder
Mr./Mrs. E.W. Schuchardt

Mr./Mrs. F.G. Schuette

Mr./Mrs. Louis C. Schumacher

Mr./Mrs. Egon Schwarz

Mr./Mrs. Dean Scott

Mr. William Sedlock

Shalom Community (Sisters
of St. Marys)

Mr./Mrs. H.R. Shampaine
Mrs. Louis Shanfeld

Mr./Mrs. James Shapleigh
Mr./Mrs. Gary N. Shaw

Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Shelton

Mr./Mrs. Macler Shepard
Rev./Mrs. Donald W. Sherman

Mr. Edwin T. Shimamoto

Mrs. Charles Siebe

Mrs. Catherine M. Siebum

Mr./Mrs. L.E. Singleton

Mrs. Ruth A. Sinnett

Mrs. A.D. Sinnwell

Mr./Mrs. W. Rumsey Skinner

Mr./Mrs. Joseph A. Slovak

Mr./Mrs. Abe Small

Dr. Genelle B. Smith

Miss Janet M. Smith

Dr. Kevin Smith

Mrs. H.T. Smutz

Mr./Mrs. George R. Sneed

Mr./Mrs. John R. Snyder

Mr./Mrs. Herbert Sokolik

Ms. Julie Sophos

Mr./Mrs. John J. Spano

Mr./Mrs. Harry O. Specht

Dr. Warren H. Speiser

Mr./Mrs. James W. Spence

Mr./Mrs. Eugene K. Sprung

Mr./Mrs. John H. Stampe

Mr./Mrs. Robert |. Stearns

Mr./Mrs. George J. Steffen

Mr./Mrs. John C. Steger

Mr./Mrs. Harry Stein

Miss Julie Stern

Ms. J. Stevens

Mr./Mrs. Wm. J. Stevens

Mr./Mrs. David L. Stewart

Mrs. Joseph C. Stewart

Mr./Mrs. Elmer C. Stille, Jr.

Mr./Mrs. Robert Stockhausen

Mr./Mrs. Richard H. Stokes

Mr./Mrs. Loren C. Strait

Ms. Marilyn D. Strode

Dr./Mrs. Donald Strominger

Dr./Mrs. Monroe Struckberger

Mr./Mrs. John P. Sullivan

Mr./Mrs. J. Edwin Sunderland

Mr./Mrs. Odon P. Takacs

Mrs. R.S. Talley

Mr./Mrs. Joseph K. Tanaka

Mr./Mrs. Delbert B. Tax

Mr./Mrs. Morton Taylor, Jr.

Mr./Mrs. Andrew F. Tegethoff

Mr./Mrs. Norman Theurer

Mrs. Fred B. Thiel, Sr.

Dr./Mrs. J. Allen Thiel

Mr./Mrs. L.W. Thilking

Mr./Mrs. Thomas A. Thoenen
Mr./Mrs. A.F. Thompson
Mr./Mrs. Frank A. Thompson, Jr.

Mr./Mrs. Robert O. Thompson
Mr./Mrs. William F. Tracy, Il
Mrs. Herbert A. Trask
Mr./Mrs. Glenn Travis
Mr./Mrs. Herman Troske
Dr./Mrs. Francis O. Trotter, Jr.
Dr./Mrs. E.E. Trunnell
Mr./Mrs. Edward T. Tsugita
Mr./Mrs. Joe D. Tucker, Jr.
Mr. Vincent Tumosa

Miss Mary M. Tuttle

Miss Vera Ulbright

Mr./Mrs. Travis J. Utley

Dr. W.J. Van Grunseun
Dr./Mrs. E. Vastola
Mr./Mrs. John Vavra
Mr./Mrs. Richard C. Vedder
Mr./Mrs. David M. Vogler
Mr./Mrs. Roy J. Volk

Mr. A. Devon Voss

Mr./Mrs. Mel Wagner
Mr./Mrs. John Walsh
Mr./Mrs. William Walter
Mr./Mrs. James L. Wamser
Mrs. Richard T. Ward

Mr. William F. Ward
Mr./Mrs. Edward W. Warner
Mr./Mrs. Thomas L. Waters
Mr. Fred J. Wehrle, Jr.

Mrs. P.J. Werber

Mr./Mrs. Peter J. Wetzel
Mr./Mrs. Cal Wichern
Mr./Mrs. Walter Wiedermann
Dr./Mrs. Herbert C. Wiegand
Mr./Mrs. Frank Al Wiegers
Major/Mrs. Phillip Wilder
Ms. Regina M. Wilder
Mr./Mrs. Daniel Wilke

Miss Hannelore E. Wilke
Miss Antoinette Wille

Miss Nancy Dean Willets
Mr./Mrs. Gregg Williams
Dr./Mrs. J.R. Williamson
Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Wilson
Mr. Roger S. Wilson

Miss Marion M. Wilson

Ms. S. Winter

Dr./Mrs. Earl J. Wipfler
Mr./Mrs. Bert Wiseman

Mr. William H. Witbrodt
Mr./Mrs. Walter P. Wolf
Mr./Mrs. Donald L. Wolff
Ms. Sue Wolverson

Miss Martha Yakushiji
Mr./Mrs. Tatsuji Yasuda

Mr. Joseph R. Yoch
Dr./Mrs. Karl A. Youngstrom
Mr./Mrs. David Zale

Miss Holly Zelch

Mr./Mrs. Morris Zemel

Mr. Jay V. Zimmerman

Mrs. Frank Zinke

NEW HENRY
SHAW ASSOCIATES

MEMBERSHIP
JUNE 1976

M/M Joseph H. Bascom

NEW SUSTAINING
MEMBERSHIP
JUNE 1976

Rev. Joseph Schejbal

NEW CONTRIBUTING
MEMBERSHIPS
JUNE 1976

Ms. Jonette L. Evans

Niehaus Interiors, Inc.

John & Althea Schiffman
Foundation

M/M Jim Woodress

M/M Charles H. Zurheide

NEW
MEMBERSHIPS
JUNE 1976

Mrs. Helen A. Allbaugh

M/M Richard C. Amelung

M/M Terry C. Annin

M/M George H. Assaf

Bruce and Mary Bailey

M/M Steven J. Barco

Mrs. E. C. Barnidge

M/M Walter H. Bartz

M/M F. T. Bastman

Mr. James L. Becker

M/M John Becker

Mrs. V. M. Beeson

M/M Wayne T. Bellas

M/M Jacob L. Berg

Edward Berry

M/M George Bocklage

Mr. Wayne Bothwell

Mr. James L. Brainard

M/M James Brislane

M/M J. D. Brosch

M/M Roy W. Brower
Dr/Mrs. Elmer B. Brown

Mr. Frederick Charles
Brueggemann

Ms. Elsie Bunevac

M/M James H. Burgess
M/M James Nelson Cain
Mrs. Lula Cambron

Mrs. Angela |. Camden
M/M George Caputa
Miss Marjorie C. Castro
M/M R. K. Chafin

M/M Horace M. Clevenger
Mrs. S. D. Conant

M/M Melvin R. Creek

Mr. Herbert A. Crosby
Mr. Howard Crosby

Mrs. Helen Davis

Ms. Wauneta DeKiserre
M/M Chris K. Demetrulias
M/M Irvin DeWoskin
M/M Wade DeWoskin

Terry and Elizabeth Diehl
Mr/M Mark A. Dienstbach
M/M Frank L. Dittmeier
Ms. Judy Dodge

M/M George Drabb

M/M John L. Drew Ill
M/M George Eberle, Jr.
M/M Chas. J. Eckrich
Drs. Mina and Irvin Edelman
M/M Donald F. Essen
Miss Sharyn Essman
Mr/M George R. Esterly
Dr. Carl M. Evans

M/M A. H. Faenger

M/M Larry D. Feeney
Mrs. Lillian B. Feil

Lois and John Filipello
Miss Shelley C. Ford

Ms. A. C. Forder

M/M Joseph F. Frayn
M/M Reid Freiermuth
M/M Jack R. Gabriel
M/M Donnell J. Gaertner
Dr./Mrs. Philip R. Gale
M/M Wm. E. Gallagher
M/M J. P. Garrett

Mrs. George E. Gessler
M/M Gary Giessow

Mr. Joseph E. Gill

M/M Myron Glassberg
M/M Gene A. Globig
M/M Harold S. Goodman
Mrs. W. M. Graves III
Miss Elvera C. Guebert
Dr./Mrs. Charles R. Gulick
Mrs. O. J. Habermaas
Mrs. H. W. Hagnauer
M/M Clarence E. Hale
M/M Wm. P. Hall

Ms. Marcella A. Harrs
M/M A. J. Hasbrouck
M/M John R. Heatherman
M/M David Heckel

M/M Robert E. Heffner
M/M Martin Hendin

Mrs. Jessie Hermann
M/M Robert B. Hess
M/M San Hla

M/M Norman C. Hoerber
Mrs. Ruby E. Holland
M/M Arthur K. Howell, Jr.
M/M Frank W. Hubach
M/M Robert H. Hughes
M/M G. Watts Humphrey, Jr.
Mrs. John C. Hutchinson
Mrs. J. D. Keast

M/M James P. Keating
M/M Robert J. Keller

Ms. Joan C. Kemp

M/M O. Alexander Kerckhoff
M/M Walter King

Ms. Clara M. Koesterer
M/M Gilbert H. Koewing
Miss May A. Kohler

M/M Jerry R. Knight
M/M G. E. Kornmeier
M/M V. Kwiatkowski
Mrs. William T. Langton
Ms. Anne Legerski

M/M Amparo Link
Dr./Mrs. H. V. Lipe
Dr./Mrs. J. Russell Little
Little Gardens Club

Mr. Raymond L. Lontz
Mr. Stephen Ludwinski
M/M Michael G. Mailhes
M/M Ronald Marchand
M/M Henry Matteuzzi
Dr./Mrs. Michael S. Mayron
Ms. Maria Mazziotti

M/M James F. McCool
M/M Gerald L. McFarland
M/M Robert E. McGlynn
Mrs. Robert J. McKee

Dr. Janet G. Meredith
M/M David W. Mesker
Mrs. Thomas Meyers
Dr./Mrs. James E. Miller
M/M John Moreau

Ms. Cheryl Morrow

M/M Russel T. Mosley
Miss Audrey Moss

M/M Leonard K. Myers
Mr. Thomas C. Newkirk
M/M Eric Newman

Mr. J. Howard Nichols
M/M M. P. O’Connor
Mrs. Lorraine F. Odum
M/M Louis Ottenad

M/M Donald G. Overlin
Pan American Industries
Ms. Marion G. Parker
Mrs. Alice D. Peterson
Ms. Judy Phillips

M/M Robert P. Platzer
Mrs. Robert J. Quevreaux
Mr./M Udo J. Reis

M/M Donald R. Richardson
M/M Carl F. Ritchie

Mr. Richard B. Roberts
M/M Victor R. Rockel
M/M Bernard Roeber

M/M Milton A. Ross

Mr. Jonn D. Rudolph

M/M Dennis H. Sattler

Mr. R. J. Sauget

Dr./Mrs. Richard C. Schulz
Dr./M Charles Schumacher
Mr./M E. L. Schusky

SUSTAINING

Mrs. Rosalind Burkhart

Mrs. Robert Corley

Dr./Mrs. John L. Long

St. Louis Horticultural Society

Mr./Mrs. Robert G. Schwendinger CONTRIBUTING

M/M Don Selig

M/M Anton Sestric

M/M John B. Shewmaker
Dr./Mrs. A. J. Signorelli
M/M Kurt E. Simon

M/M H. W. Smith

M/M Robert H. Smith
M/M Tilford L. Smith
M/M Robert W. Staley
M/M Leicester Stift

Mr. Edward L. Swargulski
M/M Knute B. Sweenes
M/M Henry Sweeney
Miss G. E. Tharp

M/M Gerald Thebeau
M/M Lee Theismann
Rev/Mrs. Dan C. Thomas
Miss Elva M. Tibbs

Mrs. Biron Valier

M/M Don Vandiver

Mrs. Sue Van Matre

M/M James C. Villegas
Ms. Barbara Vogel

Miss Maylene Vogler
M/M W. Clark Voss

Mr. Archie L. Walker
Miss Kathleen A. Wall
M/M Richard C. Ward
M/M Albert G. Watkins
M/M Frederick C. Wear
M/M Wallace R. Weber
M/M John H. Wherly, Jr.
M/M Dave Westcott

M/M John White

M/M Frank R. Whitman, Jr.
Ms. Mary Jane Wiesler
M/M Charles Willison

INCREASE IN
MEMBERSHIP
CONTRIBUTIONS
JUNE 1976
SUSTAINING

Mrs. William Edwin Guy

CONTRIBUTING

M/M Richard L. Buck
Dr./Mrs. W. C. Hummel
M/M Richard Hopmann
M/M Harry Hysmith

M/M George Kawula

Dr. William A. Murphy, Jr.

Col/Mrs. Charles B. Schweizer

M/M Edgar L. Taylor, Jr.

INCREASE IN
MEMBERSHIP
CONTRIBUTIONS
JULY 1976
SPONSORING

Dr./Mrs. John H. Kendig

Mr./Mrs. E. L. Deicke

Mr./Mrs. Frederick Hanser
Mr./Mrs. A. Clifford Jones
Mr./Mrs. William M. Livingston
Dr. Patricia O’Neal

Mrs. George D. Stout

NEW SUSTAINING
MEMBERSHIP
JULY 1976

G.L. Tarlton Contracting
Company

NEW CONTRIBUTING
MEMBERSHIPS
JULY 1976

Niehause Interiors, Incorporation
Dr. John/Ms. Toni Somers

NEW
MEMBERSHIPS
JULY 1976

Mr./Mrs. Albert T. Ambacher
Mr./Mrs. Earl A. Barton

Dr. Olga M. Blair

Mr./Mrs. L. Boland

Mr./Mrs. Riley O. Bowlin Ill
Mrs. Clarann Pollnow Budke
Mr./Mrs. H. T. Burke
Dr./Mrs. Richard E. Cannon
Rev. Charles G. Clavenna
Mr./Mrs. Kenneth Cohen
Mr./Mrs. Gene Copas
Mr./Mrs. J. Crews

Mr./Mrs. Ron Dellbringge
Mr./Mrs. T. W. Dougherty
Mr./Mrs. James C. Dugan
Ms. Ellen S. Dunning
Mr./Mrs. Fred W. Ebmeier
Miss Linda A. Fisher
Mr./Mrs. Philip Fishman
Miss Marcella Frampton
Miss Cordia Grunewald
Mr./Mrs. Nolan E. Hagar
Mr./Mrs. Siegmund Halpern
Mr./Mrs. J. Alan Harkness
Mr./Mrs. Albert C. Hauser
Mr./Mrs. George F. Hellmuth
Mr./Mrs. George W. Hicks
Mrs. Bessie G. Hinton
Mr./Mrs. Ron Hoercher
Mr./Mrs. og B. Hoey
Mr./Mrs. Carl G. Hogan
Mr./Mrs. O. D. Hogan
Mr./Mrs. Robert H. Hohenstein
Mrs. Lucy R. Hurst

Mr./Mrs. Bobby Joe Johnson
Mr./Mrs. Michael P. Johnson
Mr./Mrs. J. Watson Justice
Dr./Mrs. Alex H. Kaplan
Dr./Mrs. M. J. Kenkel

Mrs. Paul |. Ketcher

Member of
The Arts and Education
Fund of Greater St.Louis

TRIBUTES — JUNE

In Honor of Mr./Mrs. Howard Baer’s
50th Wedding Anniversary

Mrs. G. L. Harris

Mr./Mrs. John Isaacs, Jr.

Mr,/Mrs. Charles E. Kopman

Mrs. Ralph Lowenbaum

Mr./Mrs. Sidney L. Marks

Prof./Mrs. Rollin Osterweis

Mrs. William Henry Schield

Mrs. John M. Shoenberg

Mr./Mrs. Albert Wachenheim

In Honor of Mr./ Mrs. Sidney E. Langsam’s

Anniversary

Mr. David H. Cohen

In Honor of Mr./Mrs. A. Wellborne
Moise’s Anniversary

Mr./Mrs. Herbert |. Finch, Jr.

In Honor of Mr. Sydney M. Shoenberg, Jr's

Birthday
Mr. David Klee
Mr./Mrs. Herbert S. Schiele
Mr./Mrs. James W. Singer, Jr.

In Honor of Miss Deborah Ratcliff Trent’s

Debut
Dr./Mrs. Robert E. Kuhlman

In Honor of Mr. Milton Tucker’s 80th
Birthday
Mrs. William Henry Schield

In Honor of Mr./Mrs. Julius C. Willman’s

55th Wedding Anniversary
Henrietta and Peter Hochschild
In Memory of Mrs. Clara Belter
Miss Eugenia Henke
In Memory of Dr. James Butler
Mr./Mrs. Robert Shar
In Memory of Bill Dede
Mrs. Dwight W. Coultas
Mrs. Audrey G. Senturia
Bernice Shepherd

In Memory of Mr. Harvey H. Dougjias, Sr.

Mr. Darold E. Crotzer, Jr.

In Memory of Mr. Henry W. Endres
Mrs. John R. Noble

In Memory of Cora B. Erb

Mr./Mrs. Edward Heichelbech

In Memory of Mr. Fred Galen

Mrs. C. G. Hinzpeter

In Memory of Mr. James W. Hampton

Mrs. Dwight W. Coultas
Dr./Mrs. Gregory R. Hoeltzel
Mrs. John S. Lehmann

In Memory of Mrs. Ethel Hoskins

Mr./Mrs. Arthur Schwartz

In Memory of Mrs. Albert Lambert

Mrs. Kenneth Davis

In Memory of Mrs. Sydnee Litz’s
Brother

Henrietta and Peter Hochschild

In Memory of Delight McHenry

Larry and Maureen Blades

In Memory of Mr. Clem Orf

Darlene G. Thornhill

In Memory of Jack D. Pavia

Mrs. Dwight W. Coultas

In Memory of Mr. Gerald Plaisance

Friendship Village of West County

In Memory of Mrs. Nancie Rauch

Robinwood Terrace Garden Club

In Memory of Mrs. Frank Schleicher

Mr./Mrs. Robert Sharp

In Memory of Mrs. Edna Schlosser

Mr./Mrs. A. S. Lee

In Memory of Mrs. Joseph Simpkins

Mr. Darold E. Crotzer, Jr.

In Memory of Ms. Ruth Spicuzza

Liz Biddick

In Memory of Mr. John J. Stodieck

Mr./Mrs. A. Clifford Jones

In Memory of Mr. Ralph Wolff

JULY TRIBUTES

In Honor of Mrs. Ben Allen’s Birthday

Mr./Mrs. Jess Stern

In Honor of Mr./Mrs. Howard Baer’s
50th Wedding Anniversary

Mr./Mrs. Sydney M. Shoenberg, Jr.

In Honor of Dr. Ronald Liesner

Genevieve H. Nelson

In Memory of Mrs. J. Wesley McAfee

Mr./Mrs. John Brodhead, Jr.
Mrs. Jean-Jacques Carnal
Mr./Mrs. Sam’! C. Davis

Mr./Mrs. Henry Hitchcock
Mr./Mrs. Joseph W. Lewis

Mrs. Lloyd C. Stark

In Memory of Mr. Guy Moult
Clara Moult

In Honor of Miss Deborah Anne Lund’s Debut Mrs. Edward Moult

Dr./Mrs. Robert E. Kuhlman

In Honor of Mrs. Peter Raven’s Birthday

Mrs. A. Timon Primm

In Memory of Mr./Mrs. Harold W. Baine

Mr./Mrs. Arthur S. Schwarz

In Memory of W. C. Brown, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. G. C. Bradshaw

In Memory of Ben J. Bryant
Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Wanek

In Memory of Mr. David Halsey Desloge

Mrs. H. L. Meier
In Memory of Mr. Henry Endres
Mr. Oliver T. Johnson

In Memory of Dr. Nat Goodman’s Father

Mr./Mrs. Jess Stern

In Memory of Mrs. E. Habegger
Meta and Ernst Hager

In Memory of Jim Hampton

Mr. Henry Hitchcock

Julia W. Lamy

In Memory of Herbert Howald
Mrs. Truman P. Young

In Memory of Mr. Gerald P. Plaisance

Miss Vivian Plaisance

Joan and Nelson Hartman
Mr./Mrs. Stifel W. Jens
Mr./Mrs. Herbert N. Jones
Mr./Mrs. Landon Y. Jones
Mr./Mrs. W. Boardman Jones, Jr.
Mr. Roy W. Jordan

Mr./Mrs. Joseph W. Lewis
Dr./Mrs. Carl E. Lischer
Mr./Mrs. Duncan |. Meier, Jr.
Mrs. H. L. Meier

Mr./Mrs. E. C. Mikkelsen
Mrs. Harry Milton

In Memory of Mrs. Virginia D’O Reyburn Mrs. Shadrach F. Morris, Jr.

Mr./Mrs. Tom S. Eakin, Jr.
In Memory of Paul C. Sizemore
Mr./Mrs. Edward Heichelbech

In Memory of Mrs. G. Carroll Stribling

Mr./Mrs. N. Anderson

Mrs. George B. Atwood
Mrs. Wm. S. Bedal

Mr./Mrs. Wm. A. Borders
Mr./Mrs. John G. Burton
Mr./Mrs. William H. Charles
Mrs. Dwight W. Coultas
Mr./Mrs. P. Terence Crebs
Mrs. Edwin R. Culver, Jr.
Mr. Walter W. Dalton
Mr./Mrs. Morgan C. Day
Edgar T. Farmer

Mr./Mrs. D. Goodrich Gamble
Vernon L. Goedecke

Kathy and Fred Hanser

Mrs. L. K. Noblin

Mrs. A. Timon Primm

Mr./Mrs. Joseph Renard
Mr./Mrs. Oscar W. Rexford
Mr./Mrs. Edmund C. Rogers
Mr./Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly
Mr. Jean L. Schureman

Adele H. Stine

Mr./Mrs. Albert |. Stix
Mr./Mrs. Rolla Street

Mrs. Daniel Upthegrove
Mr./Mrs. Francis von Schrader
Mrs. Horton Watkins

Mr./Mrs. Edward L. Wiese
InMemory of William Wurdack, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Wanek

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

2345 Tower Grove Avenue
Saint Louis, Missouri 63110

SECOND-CLASS
POSTAGE

PAID
AT ST. LOUIS, MO.

Missouri
Botanical
Garden
Bulletin

JOHN NAKA, GUEST LECTURER,
IS GIANT IN WORLD OF BONSAI

In the miniature world of bonsai, John Yoshio Naka
stands tall.

Naka, a recent guest lecturer in the Education
Department of the Missouri Botanical Garden, is a
recognized authority in the centuries-old Japanese art
of bonsai, the art of creating a perfectly-shaped
miniature tree.

He is also the author of the text, Bonsai Techniques;
president and co-founder of the California Bonsai
Society, Inc.; and recipient of awards for his work both
in this country and in Japan.

Last spring, he brought his science and his art to St.
Louis, to share an ancient discipline with the 20th
Century friends of the Missouri Botanical Garden.

The principles of bonsai, the secrets of turning a
rough and shaggy dwarf tree into an exquisite piece of
natural art, include the proper methods of cutting
roots, branches, leaves and needles; aging of
specimens with the magic of JIN, that “lightning-
struck” look so admired; branch bending and mending;
and transplanting, soil-changing and fertilization.

Like a magician, Naka can demonstrate the proper
methods of shortening a gangly trunk or a scraggly
branch, creating a more interesting apex or creating
more roots where needed.

He speaks of the bonsai principle of the double trunk:

‘A double trunk or twin tree, called AlOI in Japanese,
means two trunks or two trees growing from the same
or close position. In the pine trees they are often
referred to as AIOI-NO-MATSU, or Mr. and Mrs. Pine.

Double trunk, or twin trees, are said to be patient and
faithful to each other, and will withstand the
vicissitudes of nature.”

Born in Colorado, Naka returned to Japan with his
family when he was eight years old, learning the art of
bonsai from his grandfather while still a boy. Returning
to this country in 1935, Naka became first a farmer and
later a landscape gardener, beginning his collection of
bonsai trees in the late 1940s.

As a lecturer, he has traveled coast to coast to teach
and conduct workshops for the many bonsai students
in the United States. In 1971 and again in 1973, he
conducted bonsai tours to Japan.

For his work, Naka has been awarded:

—anhonorary citation from the Japanese Minister of
Foreign Affairs, Shunichiro Fujiyama;

— anhonorary medal from the Japanese Agricultural
Affairs Department

— an honorary citation from the County of Los
Angeles, Calif.

Volume LXIV) Number 10
October 1976

PAINTINGS OF
SCOTT ITTNER,
ST. LOUIS ARTIST,
ON DISPLAY

The floral oil paintings of St. Louis’ own Scott Ittner
— aseries nearly nipped in the bud several years ago —
will be on display from Oct. 11 until Nov. 5 in the John
S. Lehmann Building at the Missouri Botanical Garden.

The Lehmann Building is open to the public from 9
a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday through Friday.

Ittner, who was born in St. Louis and has lived his
entire life within a seven-block radius of the Missouri
Botanical Garden, did not take up‘ serious” oil painting
until he was 53. But he has been a Garden member
since the inception of that organization, and often has
found inspiration in things botanical.

While an over-aged freshman in the Washington
University School of Fine Arts, Ittner displayed some of
his floral paintings for his instructors and classmates —
many of the latter one-third his age.

“| could certainly tell,” he said, “by their ‘knee-jerk
reaction’, that they considered flower paintings to
be something done only by ‘little old ladies’ in their
spare time.”

Consequently, Ittner did not permit his work to show
evidence of his avid botanical interests until after his
graduation from art school in 1960.

But since then, his work has earned impressive
credentials:

Ittner's paintings have been displayed in group
shows regionally as well as in Chicago, New York and
London. They were the subject of one-man exhibits at
the St. Louis Public Library in 1965, 1966 and 1968, and
at the Harmon Galleries in St. Louis County in 1972.

Ittner’s paintings hang in 35 private collections in
seven states and in Great Britain. The artist is listed in
“Artists/USA”, “Who’s Who in American Art” and the
“International Directory of Art.”

Slides of some his more characteristic paintings are
on file in the library of the St. Louis Art Museum, and
may be seen on request during museum hours.

GARDEN GATE SWINGS OPEN
TO ADMIT “OZ CHRISTMAS”

The Garden Gate Shop at the Missouri Botanical
Garden, traditionally a Christmas shopper's paradise
of tree ornaments, holiday knick-knacks and other
unique items, will be found this year at the end of the
yellow brick road.

“An Oz Christmas” — taken from the land of Oz and
the yellow brick road — will be the theme of the shop’s
annual gift sale this season and of a membership
preview party scheduled for Thursday, Nov. 4, on the
Garden grounds.

The preview party will be an all-day affair, beginning
at 10 a.m. and continuing until 9 p.m. Refreshments will
be served.

MEMBERS, “PROSPECTIVE” MEMBERS
ATTENDED THE FALL PREVIEW PARTY

Members of the Missouri Botanical Garden again
were asked to serve as ambassadors of Garden
goodwill, by inviting “prospective members’ to be their
guests at the membership preview party for the
Garden's Fall Flower Show.

The preview party was held from 5 to 7:30 p.m.
Friday, Oct. 22, in the Floral Display House on the
Garden grounds.

The party, held under the sponsorship of the Direct
Mail Corp. of America, featured a prize drawing for the
“prospective members” in attendance.

The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN
BULLETIN is published 12 issues per year
monthly by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345
Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110.
Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo.
SUBSCRIPTION RATES:

$5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign.

GARDEN-PUBLIC SCHOOL PROJECT
IN ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION

Twenty St. Louis schoolteachers ended their
summer vacations two weeks early this year and
‘eturned to the classroom — on the student side of the
dslackboard — at the Missouri Botanical Garden.

The teachers are participants in the year-long
=nvironmental Education Training Project, a program
>0-sponsored by the Garden and the St. Louis Public
Schools and supported by a $57,876 developmental
jrant from the U.S. Office of Environmental Education
‘0 the St. Louis Public Schools.

The project — under the co-directorship of Dr.
‘Nilliam Klein, the Garden's assistant director, and
=dward P. Ortleb, science supervisor for the city
schools — is designed to assist teachers in developing
2nvironmental education curriculum material and to
drepare them to train other teachers.

The project will result in a teacher training model in
2nvironmental education.

The summer workshop at the Garden, providing
teachers with intensive professional training in the
concepts, goals and classroom techniques of en-
/ironmental education, was the first step in a year-long
‘raining project to be conducted by Project Managers
valla Smorodin of the Garden’s Ecological Services
Jepartment and Peggy Rustige of the St. Louis Public
Schools.

During the 1976-77 school year, project teachers in
jrades four, five and six will develop environmental
2ducation mini-units for use in their own classrooms
and will conduct workshops and other training
sessions for teachers throughout the city school
system.

Teachers will attend four one-day workshops at the
(aarden throughout the school year, focusing on
curriculum development, teacher training and evalua-
‘ion of student comprehension of the concepts and
(yoals of environmental education.

Project Managers Peggy Rustige (left), St. Louis Public
Schools, and Calla Smorodin (right) Ecological Services
Department.

In addition, project managers will visit classrooms to
provide direct, on-site consultation and assistance.

An important feature of the Garden’s role in the
project is the organization of an inter-institutional ad
hoc consortium composed of various St. Louis
institutions which have resources to offer educators in
environmental education.

The primary function of the consortium is to develop
training-model methods of using community
resources to provide environmental experiences for
school children and to build their understanding of the
environment in which they live.

In August, Mr. Ortleb and Dr. Klein chaired the first
meeting of the consortium, attended by represen-
tatives of more than 25 institutions and organizations
of diverse cultural, educational and civic interests.

When the teacher training model has been tested,
evaluated and refined, the project managers will
compile an Environmental Education Training Guide
for use by school systems, state education
departments and _ institutions of higher learning
throughout the country.

David Goudy (right), Super-
intendent of the Arboretum
leads project teachers
through environmental
awareness exercises.

“TO BE A GUIDE IS A PRIVILEGE...”

For the past eight years, visitors touring the Missouri!
Botanical Garden have benefitted from the able
assistance of a dedicated corps of specially-trained
volunteers.

They are the Guides, an indispensable Garden
element, who in 1975 alone escorted more than 18,000
visitors along the footpaths and fountains, the floral
displays and indoor exhibits of one of the world’s
unique botanical institutions.

In doing so, they have performed an invaluable
Garden service.

But they have themselves benefitted from a variety of
constantly-changing experiences. Among the many
comments offered by volunteers in the guide service
are these:

— “To bea Guide at the Missouri Botanical Garden is
a privilege...”

— “What joy it is to have a part in helping young
children discover the Garden...”

A group requesting a Missouri Botanical Garden tour
may specify any of several tour programs, ranging from
a general overview to specific greenhouse tours,
Japanese Garden or English Woodland tours, a
session in the Herbarium or one with special focus, like
the Missouri Tree Walk.

The groups themselves may be composed of adults,
school-aged youngsters, college-level students or
vacationing visitors from any part of the world. And the
experience of guiding is constantly changing as the
seasons change behind the Garden wall.

All of which requires that the Guide know the
territory.

Consequently, volunteer Guides are required to
complete an eight-week orientation course, attending
sessions conducted by the Garden's professional staff
and covering all materials needed for the conducting of
the various tours.

The sessions deal with a variety of topics, including
the history of the Garden, the variety of plants
displayed in the greenhouses, the workings of the
Herbarium, the concepts involved in and the features of
the new Japanese Garden.

Currently, tour requests from school and community
groups are increasing so rapidly that an expansion of
the Guide corps is necessary. Therefore, a training
course will be offered beginning Tuesday, Jan. 4, 1977,
from 9:30 a.m. until noon, and continuing each
Tuesday thereafter for eight weeks.

Garden tours are conducted each day — Monday
through Saturday. Special training times can be
arranged for those who are employed and wish to
guide on weekends.

Persons interested in joining the volunteer Guide
corps, a program of the Garden’s Education Depart-
ment, have been asked to contact Mrs. Mary Edele at
772-7600, extension 54. Maurita Steuck

MUM WAS THE WORD .......

More than 650 friends of the Missouri Botanical
Garden attended the recent 1976 Chrysanthemum
Ball, donning autumn finery to dance under the stars
and drum up support for the Edgar Anderson Memorial
Boxwood Garden.

The highly-successful evening, which featured
music by the Russ David Orchestra and a fashion show
developed by designer Gloria Vanderbilt and Saks Fifth
Avenue, was under the direction of Mrs. Walter G.
Stern, chairman.

Mr. Sydney M. Shoenberg, Jr.; Gloria Vanderbilt; Mrs. Sydney
M. Shoenberg, Jr.

y

~

Mrs. Eugene M. Reese (Decorations): Mrs. Don Wolfsberger
(Food & Beverage); Mr. Eugene M. Reese

Mrs. George L. Stemmler (Invitations);
Mr. George L. Stemmler; Mrs.
William M. Klein; Dr. William M. Klein;
Mrs. Harry Kessler; Mr. Harry
Kessler (Corporate Sponsor);
Mrs. Bertram Risch; Mr. Gene McNary;
Mrs. Gene McNary, Mr. Bertram Risch.

mo je

Mr. Howard F. Baer, Mrs. Jules
Campbell; Mrs. Howard Baer;
Mr. Jules Campbell

P
aa Dr. Peter H. Raven;
| Mrs. Walter G. Stern

irs. and Mr. O. Alexander Kerckhoff (Corporate Sponsors); Mrs. Landon Y. Jones
(Decorations); Dr. William Sims

:

Gardening in St. Louis

SHAPING UP FOR WINTER

With dry weather conditions continuing and the
colder months just over the horizon, it is critical at this
time to invest a little work and a lot of moisture to
prepare outdoor plants for the winter.

To compensate for lack of rainfall throughout the
past growing season, heavy watering is recommended.
Foundation plantings must be given a good soaking, so
they have a chance to accumulate adequate moisture
and to retain it in the soil over the next several months.

Lawns which have had some renovation work would
benefit from an additional feeding of a balanced
fertilizer, such as 12-12-12. A feeding now will help
stimulate grass growing during the cooler weather and
will help the lawns become more well established next
spring.

Weed control should be abandoned for the time
being, to be taken up again with vigor in the spring,
when growth is beginning. Lawns should also be cut at
regular intervals.

A problem on many roses now is mildew, which
should be brought under control by the use of a good
fungicide at regular intervals, as long as the roses are
growing.

Root feeding of larger trees is recommended any
time from mid-November on, to compensate for the
lack of nourishment in the plants during the past
growing season. Although these plants are becoming
dormant, they are still experiencing good root growth
and will take in the needed nourishment when leafing
out into renewed growth next spring.

Fall bulbs — tulips, daffodils and others — should be
planted just before the ground becomes too moist. This
will allow the bulbs to become well established before
the cold weather sets in. Bulbs for “forcing” indoors
should also be started now and should be placed into
coldframes where they can have at least eight weeks of
cool weather before an attempt is made to force them
outdoors. They should be kept moderately moist at all
times.

Don't forget to pick up your free daffodil bulbs in the
Plant Shop if you have not already done so. Supply is
limited.

House plants should be examined thoroughly to
ensure that they are free of insects and disease. All
plants which have been left outside should be moved
indoors immediately, with this being accomplished
over a period of several days to guard against shock.

The soil should be checked for insects and, if any are
discovered, a dilute solution of a good insecticide
should be applied. This should effectively end any
insect problems.

For spraying, plants should be placed outdoors ina
protected area on a mild day. They should be sprayed
thoroughly and allowed to dry before they are returned
inside.

The use of fertilizers should be avoided at this time
for any indoor plants except the flowering varieties.
These plants are becoming dormant and fertilization
would stimulate growth and result in plant growth
problems.

Vegetable gardens should be thoroughly worked
out, with leaf mold or other organic matter added to the
soil, along with superphosphate. This should be left
rough, ready for planting early in the Spring.

Robert Dingwall
Chief Horticulturist

DROUGHT DIMS BULB SUPPLY

Because of world-wide drought conditons during the
past growing season, a shortage of flower bulbs —
tulips, daffodils, etc. — is expected to affect the St.
Louis area this year.

Gardeners are being encouraged to purchase their
bulbs as soon as possible. When the current supply is
exhausted, there will be no more bulbs available.

GARDEN STAFF ATTEND SYMPOSIUM
ON ENDANGERED AMERICAN PLANTS

Two Garden staff members, Dr. Bill D'Arcy and Dr. Al
Gentry, were recently invited to address a Bicentennial
symposium sponsored by the New York Botanical
Garden.

The symposium, entitled “Threatened and En-
dangered Species of Plants in the Americas and Their
Significance in Ecosystems Today and in the Future,”
brought together, (by invitation,) botanical experts
from most countries of the Americas to assess the
hemisphere’s present situation.

Dr. D’Arcy discussed the political and economic
difficulties in preserving the flora of Central America as
the vegetation undergoes rapid destruction at the
present time. Dr. Gentry, principal investigator of the
Garden's collaborative Flora of Peru project, presented
a paper on Endangered Plant Species and Habitats of
Ecuador and Amazonian Peru.

The invitation to staff members to participate in this
important and timely symposium recognizes both the
Garden's expertise in the study of tropical plants and
commitment to collaborative efforts to promote the
appreciation and preservation of mankind’s botanical
heritage.

ANGLO-AMERICAN BOTANY:
‘A BICENTENNIAL DISPLAY

A Bicentennial birthday gift from one garden to
another — an exhibit entitled “Plants Across the Sea:
‘400 Years of Anglo-American Botany” — will be on
display for the remainder of 1976 in the Administration
i3uilding entrance foyer at the Missouri Botanical
(aarden.

The exhibit is a Bicentennial contribution to the
(Garden from the Royal Botanic Gardens of Kew,
‘=ngland. It traces contributions made by British and
“American botanists and horticulturists to the study of
“American plants and horticultural practices.

The exhibit is open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday
through Friday.

lfrs. Hilda Eva Schopp Stroh (1891-1976),
henefactor

“For the good of his body and the cleansing of his
soul, every man should go into a beautiful garden
at least once a year.”

That quotation, its authorship unknown, was among
the favorites of Mrs. Hilda Eva Schopp Stroh, a life-long
St. Louisan, lover of music and birds and a special
friend of the Missouri Botanical Garden.

Born into a large South St. Louis family, Mrs. Stroh
grew up in the Shaw neighborhood and first visited the
N\issouri Botanical Garden during the tenure of Dr.
William Trelease (1889-1912), the director who im-
mediately followed Henry Shaw.

Mrs. Stroh’s early visits came in the days when
Spring and Fall flower shows were held in large,
clorful tents, when the summer months were filled
with outdoor displays of huge desert cacti from the
Southwest, exotic palms from tropical Africa, giant
Victorian waterlilies from the Amazon.

Even after her marriage to Mr. Oscar Stroh in 1940
she remained a Shaw neighbor and constant visitor —
taking up residence at 4502 Tower Grove Place, on the
corner of Alfred Avenue and directly across from the
Garden. Mrs. Stroh lived there, viewing the Garden
from her second-story porch, until her death on April
15, 1976.

Beginning in the autumn of 1974, she was able to
witness the breathtaking transformation taking place
within the Garden walls, the transformation which is
even now creating the largest and most beautiful
Japanese Garden in North America.

In July, 1975, Mrs. Stroh contributed funds — in
honor of her eldest sister, Augusta Schopp Kurtz — for
the construction of the beautiful arching redwood
bridge, or taikobashi, which connects Teahouse Island
with the Japanese Garden “mainland.”

Again, later that same year, she contributed the
funds required for the building of the Plum Breeze
Arbor, or baifutei.

From her second floor porch, Mrs. Stroh was able to
see both projects brought to completion before her
death. Unfortunately, we can only imagine her
pleasure had she been able to see the detail of bamboo,
twining wisteria stems, stonework and redwood bark
reflected in the total curve of the Garden's barrel circle.

One reasonable imagination, of course, is that sucha
vista would have reminded Mrs. Stroh of her favorite
quotation, which continues:

“Let (every man) sit still in such a garden for an
afternoon, and he will come back clear of eye,
laughing, contented: at peace with himself and the
world. He should let its beauties seep through his
pores, its scents sooth his nerves and its vistas refocus
his vision.” — Tamra Raven

NEW MEMBERSHIPS
JULY 1976

Mr./Mrs. James A. Kilzer
Mr./Mrs. R. E. Klumb
Mr./Mrs. G. R. Knauer
Mr./Mrs. Peter C. Krone
Miss Wanda F. Kuni

Mrs. Lois S. Lake

Mrs. Walter R. Mayne
Mrs. Florence McMullin
Mrs. Henry L. Meier
Mr./Mrs. Frank Menniges

Mr./Mrs. Robert F. Rathouz
Mr./Mrs. Grant Reed

Mr./Mrs. William Rekowski
Ms. Grace N. Rios

Mr./Mrs. William B. Roller
Mr./Mrs. Rodney J. Sampson
Mr./Mrs. Benjamin S. Sandler
Mr./Mrs. Charles F. Schaefer
Dr./Mrs. James Schaller

Miss Eleanor L. Schlafly

Mr./Mrs. David W. Mesker Mr./Mrs. Charles J. Seibel, Jr.
Mrs. E. C. Mikkelsen Dr./Mrs. Edward J. Shaw
Mrs. A. H. Mitchell Mr./Mrs. Brent H. Slatten
Miss Susan M. Moyle Mr./Mrs. Kenneth D. Smith
Ms. Vanessa Musgrave Mr./Mrs. Alfred A. Speer
Mr./Mrs. B. Nesvig Mr./Mrs. James Stevens
Mr./Mrs. John Paulsell Mr./Mrs. Russell E. Streib

. Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Polito Mr./Mrs. James Swan
Mr./Mrs. H. Sam Priest Mr./Mrs. Paul Taxman

Member of
The Arts and Education
Fund of Greater St.Louis

NEW MEMBERSHIPS
JULY 1976

(Continued from page 7)

Mrs. Pat Thomann

Mr./Mrs. George A. Tietze
Mr./Mrs. John Voellinger

Mrs. Alma Ward

Mrs. Wm. E. Weber

Mr./Mrs. Clarence White
Dr./Mrs. Michael Whyte

Mr. John F. Wieger

Mr./Mrs. Edward L. Will
Mr./Mrs. Michael J. Williamson

NEW CONTRIBUTING
MEMBERSHIPS
AUGUST 1976

Mr./Mrs. Oliver Anderhalter
Mr./Mrs. Jacob Van Dyke

NEW MEMBERSHIPS
AUGUST 1976

Mrs. Teresa M. Adams
Mr./Mrs. Joseph M. Arens
Mrs. Terry Ann Armstrong
Mrs. Ruth S. Aylesworth

Mr./Mrs. C. J. Beetz

Mr./Mrs. Terrence R. Bettendorf
Mr./Mrs. Terry D. Blaies
Mr./Mrs. Robert Bondurant
Mr. Bruce A. Botts

Mr./Mrs. Edw. P. Bronenkamp
John and Marcia Cohen
Miss Sarah A. Cox

Mr./Mrs. E. Martin Davidoff
Mr. Byron Davidson

Ms. Beatrice Dempsey
Mr./Mrs. Gerrit E. DeYoung
Mr./Mrs. James Duff
Mr./Mrs. Frank L. Dunsmoor III
Mr./Mrs. Karl M. Dus
Mr./Mrs. Chas. J. Fischer
Miss Susan Fluegel

Mr./Mrs. John M. Folluo
Mr./Mrs. Robt. J. Fotsch

Ms. Karen Franz

Drs. John and Sandra Gadell
Miss Marianne Gagel
Dr./Mrs. Ralph Geldbach

Mr. Martin K. Gharst
Mr./Mrs. Louis P. Glenz
Mr./Mrs. Paul C. Guignon
Mrs. Stephanie Hagberg
Mr./Mrs. Wm. H. Harrison
Miss Judith M. Hart

Mr. Paul J. Hartwig

Mr./Mrs. Edw. M. Helle
Mr./Mrs. J. Warren Hellring
Mr./Mrs. Mark L. Hoff

Ms. Kathleen A. Hull
Miss Virginia M. Ilmmer

Mrs. A.
Mr. Ken

. Ingersoll
neth Intfeld

Mrs. Ruth K. Jacobson

Mr./Mrs
Mr./Mrs

Jewish Hospital School of Nursing
Mr./Mrs. Clarence C. Krueger

Mrs. Ma

Mr./Mrs. W. Mitchell LaMotte

Miss Bo
Mr./Mrs

Mr./Mrs.
Mr./Mrs.
Mr./Mrs.
Mr./Mrs.
Dr./Mrs.
Dr./Mrs.
Mr./Mrs.
Mr./Mrs.
Mr./Mrs.
Mr./Mrs.
Mr./Mrs.
Mr./Mrs.
Mr./Mrs.
Mr./Mrs.

Mr. Mic
Mr./Mrs
Mr./Mrs
Mr./Mrs

Dr. Max and Dr. Anita Pepper

. Robyn M. James
. Chas. W. Jeep

ry E. Kruger

nnie Lane

. A. H. LaRoche
Hugh B. Lee, Jr.
Joe M. Lesem
Lawrence Levinson
Martin M. Liebman
Stanley Lyss

John A. Mahoney
James Malloy
John P. McMahon
Larry C. Melton
Perry Melvin
Joseph J. Mestres
George Musso
Fred W. Nehring
Wm. L. Nichols, Jr.
hael F. Nolan

. Anthony O’Connell
. Leon Olszewski
H.R. Pelikan

Mr./Mrs. Norman L. Phillips

Mr./Mrs. Glen Rinderer
Mr./Mrs. Geo. S. Robbert
Mr./Mrs. John E. Rosenkranz
Mr./Mrs. C. Fagg Sanford, III
Mr./Mrs. Walter Schauman
Mr./Mrs. Chas. A. Schoene
Mr./Mrs. James E. Spear, Jr.
Ms. Jackie Streifthau

Mr. Stephen A. Sutter
Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Thach
Ms. Shirley G. Tiarks
Mr./Mrs. Alan L. Travis
Mr./Mrs. Mark L. Vandewalker
Mr./Mrs. Bob Wampler

Mr. Raymund Wander
Mr./Mrs. Gil Weyhaupt

INCREASE IN
MEMBERSHIP
CONTRIBUTIONS
AUGUST 1976
SUSTAINING

Mr./Mrs. G. B. Sloan
Mr./Mrs. Edwin R. Waldemer

CONTRIBUTING

Mr./Mrs. Elmer D. Abramson
Mrs. S. D. Conant

Dr. John L. and Dr. E. Spindler Barton Mr./Mrs. William Holcomb

Miss Ruth Proehl

Mr./Mrs. James E. Reed

Mr./Mrs. John R. Gaebe
Rt. Rev./Mrs. William A. Jones

AUGUST TRIBUTES

In Memory of Mary Baron

Mr./Mrs. Ellis C. Littman

in Memory of Rose Chouteau

Mr./Mrs. W. R. Henry

in Memory of Mrs. Gertrude Dentman
Mr./Mrs. Carl L. A. Beckers ;

in Memory of Mrs. Janes M. Geiger
Mr./Mrs. G. C. Bradshaw

In Memory of Dr. Aphrodite Hofsommer
Mr./Mrs. J. Eugene Johanson

In Memory of Mr. P. J. Lund

Tom and Mary Ott

In Memory of Mr. Max M. Mason, Sr.
Mr./Mrs. Edward A. Cox

Mr./Mrs. D. Goodrich Gamble

Mr./Mrs. Eli Strassner

In Memory of Jo Ann May’s father
Darlene G. Thornhill

In Memory of Mrs. Olga P. Pello
Edwin R. Waldemer

In Memory of Katherine King Pflager
Mrs. John S. Lehmann

In Memory of Mrs. Hayward M. Port
Mrs. Truman Port Youn

In Memory of Grace Primm

Susan Hartmann

In Memory of Mrs. William Reyburn
Mrs. Kenneth Davis

Mr./Mrs. Charles L. Tooker

In Memory of Mrs. Katherine Schepers
Audio-Visual Dept., St. Louis County Library
In Memory of Walter A. Scott

Mr./Mrs. G. C. Bradshaw

In Memory of Shirley Stinnett

Susan Hartmann

In Memory of Mrs. G. Carroll Stribling
Mr./Mrs. Howard F. Baer

Bethlehem Steel Corp., The Mainliners Club
Mr. Henry P. Brightwell

Mr./Mrs. Robert S. Charles

Mr./Mrs. B. B. Culver, Jr.

Mr./Mrs. Edgar Denison

Mr./Mrs. McVeigh Goodson

Mrs. Lindell Gordon, Jr.
Mrs. John M. Hadley
Mr./Mrs. Alfred Hallowell
Ralph and Beatrice Kraus
Mrs. Charles Lamy

Jessie Lansing

Mary Lansing

Mr./Mrs. Stanley Meltzoff
Mrs. Abbott L. Mills
Mr./Mrs. G. F. Newhard
Mrs. Theodore E. Sanders
Mr. Charles Alan Seigel
Mr. Human G. Stein

Mr. Fred M. Switzer, III
Mr./Mrs. James P. Wilson
In Memory of Nita Todd
Laura Mae Cassel

in Memory of Mrs. Janelle Young
Mr./Mrs. William Flaig

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

2345 Tower Grove Avenue
Saint Louis, Missouri 63110

SECOND-CLASS
POSTAGE

PAID
AT ST. LOUIS, MO.

Missouri
Botanical
Garden
Bulletin

‘TEAHOUSE GETS WHITE GLOVE
‘TREATMENT AS JAPANESE GARDEN
‘TAKES SHAPE

Wearing “hoppi” coats, ‘“chika-tabi” shoes and white
knit gloves, seven Japanese master craftsmen labored
{or seven days in October to give the Missouri
fo0tanical Garden a share in 2,000 years of oriental
tradition.

What they built is a simple, yet elegant Japanese
teahouse; a wood, bamboo and tile structure that will
¢erve as focal point of the new Japanese Garden, a 12-
é.cre botanical masterpiece and the largest of its kind
cn the North American continent.

But although the Japanese Garden will not be
cpened officially until spring, the arrival of the
t2ahouse this fall generated a week-long St. Louis
introduction to Japanese culture.

It began on a Wednesday in late September, when a
liarge truck delivered the disassembled teahouse to the
Missouri Botanical Garden, a gift to the state of

. ae «THe Japanese teahouse,
== above, gift to the State
a of Missouri from the
Nagano Prefecture in
Japan, stands com-
pleted on Teahouse
Island in the new

$1.2 million

Japanese Garden
development. During

a week of work, the
teahouse was con-
cs structed by a group of
., master craftsmen from
r A Matsumoto City, Japan,
/ 4who conducted a Shinto
ceremony, left, to mark
its completion. Roof
tiles, top, were
inscribed by well-
wishers in a

traditional Japanese
gesture of good
fortune.

Volume LXIV Number 11
November 1976

The teahouse arrives, disassembled, by truck;
wrapped in paper and tied with ribbon.

, . Nites sal *
i ie\ Os ; oe ga"
Org ‘de AA hea

The

Evolution |]

ofa i my
Teahouse a \ .
“OA Ff NG

*

es

The Japanese craftsmen raise the walls and roof supports
are attached.

Above) The teahouse sections are unloaded.
(Below) Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director,
inscribes a good luck message on roof tile.

(Above) The teahouse begins to assume the form of a teahouse.
(Below) A finished view of the teahouse interior.

Missouri from the Nagano Prefecture, Missouri's
sister-state in Japan.

On hand to mark the arrival was Dr. Peter H. Raven,
Garden director, along with other Garden officials and
representatives of two corporations which had helped
bring the teahouse to St. Louis — Sea-Land Service,
Inc., which had brought the teahouse overseas from
Tokyo, and Burlington Northern, Inc., which had
provided overland transport from Seattle, both free of
charge.

Wrapped in paper and tied with pink and blue plastic
ribbon, the sections of the teahouse were unloaded
gently and arranged on the Garden’s southwest
grounds, to await the arrival of the craftsmen needed to
complete the reconstruction.

The teahouse had been erected originally in Mat-
sumoto City, according to ancient Japanese teahouse
tradition, but was then disassembled and packaged for
its 7,000-mile journey to St. Louis.

Thirty-six hours after that journey ended, seven
Japanese master craftsmen arrived from Matsumoto
City to begin their work. Under the supervision of
Toshitane Hirabayashi, president of the Kumoi Con-
struction Co. of Matsumoto City, the seven men were
accompanied from Los Angeles by Dr. Koichi Kawana,
architect of the Japanese Garden and professor of
environmental design at UCLA.

For the next seven days, amid media attention and
visits by state and local dignitaries, the Teahouse
Island was a beehive of activity as the craftsmen
labored through the weekend and often into the night
to complete the reconstruction.

te atry!

“SS

—S

oF 4
‘

F

a

/*> ae , are Fe :
Tom K. Smith Jr., left, president of the Garden Board of
Trustees, expresses the Garden's gratitude during Shinto
ceremonies held to mark the completion of the teahouse. Other
dignitaries include, from left, Dr. Maw Shiu Wang, Monsanto
employe and interpreter; Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director;
Missouri Lt. Gov. William Phelps, and St. Louis Mayor John H.
Poelker.

Highlights of the week included:

— avisit by Missouri Gov. Christopher S. Bond, who
along with Dr. Raven accepted from Mr. Hirabayashi a
Japanese-lettered sign to be placed above the
teahouse. Translated, the sign reads “Nagano An” or
“small house of Nagano.”

— a series of Japanese lunches served to the
craftsmen on the job, supplied by the Japanese
American Citizens League and including such dishes
as sushi (rice seasoned with sugar, vinegar, sait,
vegetables and fish or chicken); cherushi (seasoned
rice placed in a seaweed roll); radish pickles and
chicken terriyaki, along with hot tea or Phillippine beer.

— a banquet hosted by the Japanese American
Citizens League, at which each of the Japanese
craftsmen received a proclamation of gratitude from
the state of Missouri and gifts from the Garden,
including miniatures of the Gateway Arch and
Bicentennial neckties. Mr. Hirabayashi also received
“Misselhorn’s Pencil Sketches of St. Louis,” famous
illustrations by Roscoe Misselhorn.

— the inscription of good luck messages on
teahouse roof tiles, which were then set in place to
become a permanent part of Missouri Botanical
Garden history.

— and an elaborate Shinto ceremony signifying
completion of the teahouse, attended by Missouri Lt.
Gov. William Phelps and St. Louis Mayor John H.
Poelker.

Also in attendance for the 2,000-year-old ritual, part
of Japanese culture since the time when Shintoism was
the state religion and the Emperor adeity, were Tom K.
Smith, president of the Garden Board of Trustees; Dr.
Raven; Carl L. A. Beckers, honorary Japanese consul
general in St. Louis; Edward Tsugita, president of the
Japanese American Citizens League; Paul Maruyama,
St. Louis businessman who handled many teahouse
arrangements; Mr. Hirabayashi and the master
craftsmen; and many friends of the Garden.

One of the craftsmen, who had trained as a Shinto
priest, began the ceremony by waving a cut paper
bough, symbolic of a tree, in the ancient Shinto ritual of
blessing. Other craftsmen in turn blessed the teahouse
and teahouse “gifts” — rice, fish, salt, money and sake.

The rice, salt and money were thrown to the crowd in
a gesture of good fortune.

Later, another craftsman struck the teahouse three
times with a hammer to symbolize that it will stand
forever, and sake was poured onto each corner of the
teahouse foundation as a purification symbol and one
representing longevity.

Finally, the craftsmen, Garden officials and visiting
dignitaries sipped sake in toast to the teahouse.

After their week’s work in St. Louis, the craftsmen
departed for Japan, leaving behind a lasting expres-
sion of their national culture and a worthwhile preview
of the kind of delicate beauty the Japanese Garden will
bring to St. Louis and the Missouri Botanical Garden.

LANTERNS SHED 1904 LIGHT
ON JAPANESE GARDEN HISTORY

The Missouri Botanical Garden’s new Japanese
Garden will serve to shed a patch of light on garden
history and St. Louis tradition.

What better way to shed light, of course, than with
lanterns?

And therein hangs a tale:

In 1904, the first Japanese Garden in North America
was constructed for the Japanese exhibit at the St.
Louis World's Fair, bringing atouch of Japan’s delicate
culture to the American Midwest.

Among the accoutrements of the 1904 garden were
two bronze cranes and a pair of ancient Japanese
snow-viewing lanterns (Yukimi), which were ultimately
purchased from the exhibit by Mr. Leonard Matthews
of St. Louis, long-time trustee of the Missouri Botanical
Garden.

Mrs. William E. Wiese, Mr. Matthew's granddaughter
recalls that the cranes and lanterns were initially
placed in her grandfather's garden at 5447 Cabanne
place. But before Mr. Matthews’ death in 1930, the four
historic items were donated to the Missouri Botanical
Garden.

The cranes, unfortunately, were stolen.

But the lanterns, carrying a tradition from the first
Japanese Garden in North America, will become part
of the largest Japanese Garden in North America when
the new development is opened to the public next
spring.

Ironically, three of Mr. Matthews’ grandchildren have
come to have special connections with the Missouri
Botanical Garden.

— Stratford Lee Morton, whose country place
adjoining the Shaw Arboretum, Persimmon Hill, has
been donated to The Nature Conservancy for the use of
the Garden;

— Dorothea Werner, wife of Trifon von Schrenk, who
along with his brother worked for many years with the
Garden, particularly in the field of wood preservatives;

— And Mrs. Wiese, currently a Missouri Botanical
Garden volunteer guide who is eagerly awaiting the
completion of the Japanese Garden and the conse-
quent completion of an historical link with 1904 St.
Louis.

' POINSETTIA PARTY SET

; A Poinsettia Preview Party for members of the ¢
§ Missouri Botanical Garden, preceding the Garden's ;
> annual Christmas Flower Show, will be held from 5 to M4
» 7:30 p.m. Friday, Dec. 10, in the Floral Display House. M4
E The party will be held under the sponsorship of the
Famous-Barr Co.

FLOWER SHOW HAS YULETIDE THEME

“It's Christmas and We Wish You...” is the theme of
the 1976 Flower Show of the East-Central District,
Federated Garden Clubs of Missouri, to be held in the
Missouri Botanical Garden's Floral Display House and
Headhouse on Saturday and Sunday, Dec. 4 and 5.

The annual flower show in which 155 Missouri
garden clubs will participate, will feature 20 classes to
be judged, including holiday decorations for the home,
and 10 classes in the junior section, for five- to 10- year-
olds.

The 20 classes in the Senior Artistic Division will
emphasize the Christmas theme in wreathes, tree
trimmings, garlands, candles, table and mantle
decorations and other Yuletide interpretations. Juniors
will exhibit their designs in gift wrapping, ideas for
winter sports, storytelling and New Year’s posters.

Exhibits submitted for judging will not be for sale, but
visitors may browse among the unique ornaments and
gifts in a “Yule Shop.”

Judging will be held from 10:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m. on
Saturday, Dec. 4. Public viewing hours are 2 to 5 p.m.
on Saturday, Dec. 4, and from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. on
Sunday, Dec. 5.

CLIMATRON FEATURES
INCREDIBLE EDIBLES

The colorful world of edible tropical fruits — from
Mediterranean carob to Indian Gooseberry to African
governor's plum — will come to the Missouri Botanical
Garden, appropriately, for Thanksgiving week.

The unusual display, featuring edible fruits from the
world’s Tropics will include such familiar household
names as banana, pineapple, grapefruit, orange,
lemon, lime and coconut.

But it will also display such exotica as Australian
bignay, banyans, Indonesian carambola, South
American cassava, New Zealand kiwi, Mexican
sapadillo and Peruvian tree tomato.

Visitors to the unique presentation, to be held in the
Climatron from Saturday, Nov. 20, through Sunday,
Nov. 28, will receive a numbered listing of the tropical
fruits and a map identifying their location.

A special exhibit will display samples of the plucked
fruit, labeled with botanical names and usage, as well
as culinary utensils and condiments from local shops.

The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN
BULLETIN is published 12 issues per year
monthly by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345
Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110.
Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo.
SUBSCRIPTION RATES:

$5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign.

ENGELMANN PORTRAIT RESTORED,
RETURNED TO PLACE OF HONOR

Dr. George Engelmann, pioneer 19th Century
botanist and a special friend of the Missouri Botanical
Garden, has been restored, revitalized and returned to
his place of honor inside the Lehmann Building.

The Garden's oil portrait of Dr. Engelmann, that is.

Restoration work on the portrait was completed by
the firm of Kennedy and Stow, which is currently
restoring two other Garden portraits — those of 19th
Century botanist Asa Gray and ornithologist Alex-
ander Wilson — and has plans to restore 12 others.

Tax deductible donations to support this restoration
work are being sought, and those interested in making
a contribution have been asked to contact the Garden’s
director, Dr. Peter H. Raven.

The restoration work involves facing the portrait with
layers of Japanese tissue and broadcloth, removal of
the highly acidic cardboard backing and a layer of
white lead adhesive, cleaning, newlining with linen and
“inpainting” — the filling in of paint losses and raising
of the lost areas to the level of the original paint surface.

1

as

Ellen Kennedy, of the firm of Kennedy and Stow, completes
“inpainting” during restoration of the portrait, matching areas of
loss to the surrounding paint.

On the portraits reverse side, cardboard backing and layer
of lead adhesive are scraped away.

Cynthia Stow raises the level of paint loss to existing level of

the painted surface.

Ellen Kennedy attaches aluminum stripping to prevent
abrasion between the painting and the rabbet of the frame.

NANCY LAMMERS
NAMED TO
MEMBERS

OFFICE POSITION

The appointment of Nancy Lammers as head of the
Members Office and executive secretary of the
Executive Board of the Members of the Garden has
been announced by Dr. Peter H. Raven, director.

Mrs. Lammers, who has been a member of the
Garden staff since July, served as coordinator of
Special Events until moving into her new position. She
will now be responsible for all membership activities
and the coordinating of special events in the Garden.

Formerly from Circleville, Ohio, Mrs. Lammers was
graduated from Stephens College, Columbia, Mo., in
1972 and has had wide experience in coordinating
retailing programs, merchandising, and customer
relations, particularly in the furniture market in
Wisconsin and Illinois.

She is married to Charles Lammers, National Sales
Manager for Modern Craft, a Division of Lee-Rowan
Company. They reside in Kirkwood.

1869 PLAT, GARDEN SKETCH
UNEARTHED IN OFFICE MOVE

The St. Paul Title Insurance Corp., during an
otherwise-routine move from one office to another, has
uncovered a unique historical document relating to the
Missouri Botanical Garden.

The document, an 1869 auction plat drawing of a
section of South St. Louis, was presented to the
Garden recently by Wayne Gollub, St. Louis branch
manager for St. Paul.

Dr. William M. Klein, assistant director of the
Missouri Botanical Garden, accepted the plat in behalf
of the Garden.

One of several historic plat drawings discovered
during the corporation’s move, the Garden document
is an intricate yet delightful rendering of the “Fairmont”

suburban villa development on the South Side and the
adjacent “Henry Shaw’s Botanical Garden.”

Although fine hand lettering and period graphics
emphasize the 1869 property auction, the Garden area
is minutely laid out to include visitors wandering
through the pathways outside the formal Garden area.
Other interesting details include a_ whimsical
locomotive chugging along “New Manchester Road”
and the setting of St. Louis’ city limits just west of
Grand avenue.

Expertly restored by Kendara Deerenee Lovette, the
Garden's conservator, the framed plat has been placed
in the lobby of the John S. Lehmann Building on the
Garden grounds.

Ms. Lovette, along with the professional and
volunteer staff of the Bindery and Conservation
Department, has the responsibility of preservation
work on the Garden’s vast collection of books,
manuscripts, maps and photographs.

Ms. Lovette also oversees the conservation of the
Garden's collection of sculpture and representational
art.

FOLLOW THE YELLOW BRICK ROAD...

Dorothy and her three classic campanions, the
Tinman, the Scarecrow and the Cowardly Lion, were
on hand this year for an“‘Oz Preview,” the Garden Gate
Shop's salute to the season and the fantasy world of
“The Wizard of Oz.”

. ~e

To establish the theme, the shop’s Christmas sale
features many tree ornaments, toys and holiday
decorations in the “Oz” motif, as well as its traditional
array of unique holiday gift items — jewelry, stocking
Stuffers, placemats, stationery, garden accessories
and garden and plant books.

PLANT SALE IS BEST
IN GARDEN HISTORY

More than 5,000 plant lovers jammed the grounds of
the Missouri Botanical Garden for the October plant
sale, basking in the carnival atmosphere and purchas-
ing take-home plants shipped in,from as far away as
Europe and South America.

Visitors to the three-day plant-a-thon were enter-
tained by the New Greenland Plant Band, which
donated its appearance, while more than 2,000
children enjoyed the stories told by Joanie Duggins,
the Garden’s “butterfly,” and the thousands of balloons
and lollipops contributed by the Famous-Barr Co.

Purchased during the sale, held Oct. 2-4, were more
than 300 different species of houseplants and at least
25 different cacti genus, with plant care information
provided as a bonus.

During the Garden's
highly successful
Plant Sale,

shoppers in the
Plant Shop line up to
purchase plants,
plant aids, potting
soil and pots.

Jamie Weldon, Plant
Shop manager, directs
the activity from
behind the counter.

The Garden’s fourth plant sale, by far its most
successful, was planned and coordinated by Plant
Shop volunteers, under the supervision of sale
consultants Mrs. Paul Bakewell Jr., Mrs. B. B. Culver
Jr., Mrs. William H. Harrison and Ms. Josephine M.
Christian.

For the Garden staff, sale arrangements were
handled by Randal Anderson, manager of Horticultural
Services, and Jamie Weldon, Plant Shop manager.

During the sale, the Garden Members Office
conducted a prize drawing and presented Chinese Fan
Palms to three winners — Dorothy Kendrick of St.
Louis, Lorraine Cole of House Springs and Carolyn S.
Meyer of Florissant. None of the winners was a member
at the time of the drawing, but 30 new memberships
were submitted during the sale.

Band, purveyors of
sounds designed to
please plants as well
as people, contributed
musical services to
the three-day sale.

The New Greenland Plant

Gardening in St. Louis

GARDEN WORK

With the advent of cooler weather, very little time
remains to complete final fall garden preparations.
Now is the time to clean up the vegetable garden, dig it
over and, if possible, work plenty of organic matter into
the soil. Areas for early planting should be given a good
mulch of 10 to 12 inches of leaf mold or other suitable
material, to keep the frost from penetrating too deeply.
Superphosphate at the level of three to four pounds per
100 square feet can also be worked in now, so that in
February the ground will need merely to have the
mulch removed and raked over and the first seed
planted.

TREES AND SHRUBS

This is the ideal time to plant trees and shrubs. Many
of these were dug in late October or earlier this month
and, with proper soil preparations, they can be planted
as long as the ground remains unfrozen. All new
plantings should be heavily mulched, placed four to
five inches around them and extending one to 1% feet
beyond the actual planting area. This helps to conserve
moisture and allows the plant to continue making good
root growth.

Fall feeding of trees is recommended from
November on. Drill holes 14 to 15 inches deep, going a
third of the way from the drip line to the base of the tree.
Place a handful of balanced fertilizer in each hole
space at 18-inch intervals. Newly-planted stock should
be lightly pruned to remove damaged wood and thick
branches, and to help offset the loss of some root
growth. Be careful not to remove the main leader on
trees or they may tend to dwarf.

OTHER PREPARATIONS

New plants should be staked carefully to prevent
wind damage during the winter months.

Lawns should be mowed as long as there is active
growth, so that the grass is not long when the winter
season arrives. Leaves and other debris should be
raked from the grass to prevent matting and drying out
of the lawn.

Compost piles should be built up very carefully, a
layer of coarse material alternating with a layer of fine
material. Each layer should be wetted thoroughly to
insure a good breakdown. The addition of old organic
matter will hasten decay.

The rose garden should be cleaned thoroughly and
if healing has not commenced, this should be done
before the cooler weather sets in. Bring in topsoil
mixed with equal amounts of good organic matter from
another area. Place the mixture around the base of
each rose to a depth of 10 to 12 inches. Once winter
begins, additional mulch with two to three inches of

wood chips is advisable. No rose pruning is necessary,
other than to remove long canes which might break
during the winter months. Roses withstand the
elements better if they are not pruned in the fall.
Pruning should be delayed until early April.

House plants should be examined for insects and
disease. Spray as needed with the spray recommended
for the specific insect. Avoid over-watering and feeding
this time of year. Very little fertilizer is needed unless
the plants are making active growth or are flowering
plants.

The repotting of plants and heavy pruning can be
done now if needed. Plants will then be ready for good
growth when the days start to lengthen.

Outside, water areas around foundation plantings
and under roof overhangs, to insure a deep watering
before the ground freezes. This will help to protect the
plants and keep them in good condition over the winter
months. Good mulch around these areas is also

beneficial.
— Robert J. Dingwall

Chief Horticulturist

EARLY BLOOMERS: NOT ALL “IMPORTS”

Most plants blooming hereabouts in the early spring
had to be “Imports,” Edgar Anderson used to Say,
because the native flora had endured centuries of
experience with the St. Louis climate and was too smart
to take chances with its vagaries.

This year, Edgar Anderson would have been very
much surprised.

In the spring of 1976, a number of the natives shed
their customary caution and, perhaps with some
mystical prescience that this year a lamb-like early
March did NOT forbode a lion-like ending for that
month, ventured into bloom at least two weeks prior to
their earliest appearance in previous records.

In keeping track of the “blooming lists” of a group of
avid wildflower buffs, on weekly one-day excursions
from the city, much of our previous dating has been
“boulverse,” and a number of new notations scribbled
into that bible of local botanists, Steyermark’s Flora of
Missouri. Nomenclature and common names accor-
ding to Steyermark, Julian A. 1972. Flora of Missouri.
lowa State University Press, Ames, lowa.

The following species, April debutantes in other
seasons, all bloomed this year prior to the first of that
month.
Acer negundo L. — Box Elder.

Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Hook. — Pussy’s Toes.
Arabis laevigata (Muhl.) Poir. var. Jaevigata — Smooth
Rock Cress.

Camassia scilloides (Raf.) Cory — Wild Hyacinth.
Castilleja coccinea (L.) Spreng. — Indian Paintbrush.

Chaerophyllum procumbens (L.) Crantz — Wild Cher-
vil.

Clematis fremontii S. Wats. var. riehlii Erickson —
Fremont’s Leather Flower.

Cornus florida L. — Flowering Dogwood.
Delphinium tricorne Michx. f. tricorne — Dwarf
Larkspur.

Hybanthus concolor (T. F. Forst.) Spreng. — Green
Violet.

Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) K. Koch — Hop Hornbeam.
Phlox divaricata L. var. laphamii Wood — Blue Phlox.
Prunus americana Marsh. — Wild Plum.

Pyrus ioensis (Wood) Bailey — Wild Crab.

Ribes missouriensis Nutt. — Missouri Gooseberry.
Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees — Sassafras.
Senecio obovatus Muhl. — Squaw-weed.
Staphylea trifolia L. — American Bladder-nut.
Trillium recurvatum Beck. — Purple Trillium.

T. viride Beck. var. viride — Green Trillium.
Uvularia grandiflora Sm. — Bellwort.

Viola pedata L. — Pansy Violet.

V. striata Ait. — Pale Violet.

— Erna Rice Eisendrath

TOWER GROVE HOUSE IN GOOD HANDS AS CHRISTMAS SEASON APPROACHES

Tower Grove House, Henry Shaw’s elegant country
residence and currently one of the finest examples of
Victorian architecture and furnishings in America, will
be in the expert hands of decorators of all ages as it is
prepared for the 1976 holiday season.

The residence, on the grounds of the Missouri
Botanical Garden at 2101 Tower Grove Ave., will be
closed on Monday, December 13, to allow the
decorating committee to make Christmas
preparations.

But from Tuesday, December 14, until Monday,
January 3, the decorated mansion will be open to offer
the public the unique experience of a Victorian
Christmas.

For the 1976 holiday season, fifth-grade students
from two St. Louis area schools will participate in the
decorating activities. The students, from Mary Institute
and Community School, will plan, create and execute
the decorations for two of the bedrooms and the small
sitting room on the home's second floor.

Other trimming duties will be as follows:

— Mr. Shaw’s bedroom, by the Garden Club of St.
Louis;

— The guest bedroom, by the volunteer tour guides;

— The area at the top of the stairs and the upstairs
hall, by the “hostesses of the day;”

— The twin parlors on the first floor, by The Sowing
Circle Garden Club;

— The staircase, hall and Mr. Shaw's office, by the
Women’s Board of the Missouri Botanical Garden, with
Mrs. Dwight Coultas as chairman of the committee;

— The kitchen, by the Herb Society;

— The dining room and library, by Mrs. Neal S.
Wood;

— To give the house exterior the Christmas touch,
the children of the Garden’s assistant director, Dr.
William M. Klein, have been chosen to trim the Bird
Tree.

In addition to tours of Tower Grove House, a
collection of attractive Christmas ornaments will be on
sale during the holiday season.

— Alice Lynch, manager
Tower Grove House

Dr. Peter H.

Raven, left, Garden
director, accepts
“Flying Colors '76",
an Alexander Calder
lithograph signed by
the author, from Dick
Barbeau, represen-
ting the employes of
Braniff International
Airways. Donald

W. Bigbie, center, is
district sales
director for Braniff.
The lithograph was
a gift to the Garden
from Braniff
employes.

i

® 3 :

STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT AND CIRCULATION (ACT OF
AUGUST 12, 1970: SECTION 3685, TITLE 39, UNITED STATES CODE.)

1. Title of Publication; MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

2. Date of Filing: October 1, 1976

3. Frequency of issues: 12 issues per year monthly

4. Location of known office of Publication: 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis,
Missouri 63110

5. Location of the Headquarters or General Business Offices of the Publishers: 2345
Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110

6. Names and addresses of publisher, editor and managing editor are: Publisher,
Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110;
Managing Editor, Marilee C. Martin

7. Owner. Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri
63110

8. Known bondholders, mortgagees, and other security holders owning or holding 1
percent or more of total amount of bonds, mortgages, or other securities: None

9. The purpose, function and nonprofit status of this organization and the exempt
status for Federal income tax purposes has not changed during preceding 12
months. Authorized to mail at special rates (Section 132.122, PSM)

10. Extent and nature of circulation

Average no. copies Actual no. copies -
each tssue during of single issue

preceding 12 published nearest
months to filing date
A. Total no. copies printed 10,000 10,000
(Net Press Run)
B. Paid Circulation
1. Sales through dealers and carriers,
street vendors and counter sales none none
2. Mail subscriptions 8,800 8,800
C. Total paid circulation 8,800 8,800
D. Free distribution by mail, carrier or other
means samples, complimentary and
other free copies 500 500
E. Total distribution 9,300 9,300
F. Copies not distributed
1. Office use, left-over, unaccounted,
spoiled after printing 700 700
2. Returns from news agents none none
G. Total (Sum of E & F should equal net
press run shown in A) 10,000 10,000

| certify that the statement made by me above is correct and complete

(Signed) Marilee C. Martin, Manager
Public Relations Department

10

Two companies
provided transporta-
tion services

without charge to
bring the

Japanese teahouse
to the Garden. On
hand for its arrival
are, from left, Daniel
T. O'Brien, sales
manager, Inter-
national Trade,
Burlington Northern,
Inc.; Richard McGee,
aide to Mayor John H.
Poelker; Gerald M.
Brown, district sales
manager, Sea-

Land Service, Inc.;
and Dr. Peter H.
Raven, Garden
director.

MISS NELL C. HORNER (1889-1976)
GARDEN LIBRARIAN

Miss Nell C. Horner, Missouri Botanical Garden
librarian and editor of publications for nearly 40 years,
died following a brief illness on Monday, Sept. 6, 1976,
at St. Luke’s Hospital in St. Louis.

She was 87.

Miss Horner, a University City resident at the time of
her death, was a Columbia, Mo., native, who came to St.
Louis in the 1900s to attend Washington University.

In 1912, she became librarian and editor of
publications at the Missouri Botanical Garden, serving
in those positions until she was hired in the 1950s to
work in the medical library of the St. Louis University
School of Medicine. She retired in 1960.

Private graveside services were held in Columbia,
Mo.

Friends of Miss Horner may make donations in her
memory to the Missouri Botanical Garden or to the
charity of their choice, according to a_ family
spokesman.

Member of
The Arts and Education
Fund of Greater St.Louis

INCREASE IN
MEMBERSHIP
CONTRIBUTIONS
SEPTEMBER 1976

SPONSORING
Mr./Mrs. G. A. Buder, Jr.

SUSTAINING

Mr./Mrs. T. Ellis Barnes, II
Mr./Mrs. Bourne Bean

Dr. Ilse Heilbrunn

Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Jacob
Mr./Mrs. Henry O. Johnston
Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Ryan
Mr./Mrs. Leo J. Stephens

CONTRIBUTING

Mr./Mrs. T. James Brownlee
Mrs. David R. Calhoun
Mr./Mrs. Theodore P. Desloge
Mr./Mrs. H. M. Dinzler
Mr./Mrs. David W. Edwards
Dr./Mrs. D. S. Francisco

Mr. Edwin G. Hudspeth
Mr./Mrs. Allan W. Lindberg
Dr./Mrs. John C. Martz

NEW SUSTAINING
MEMBERSHIPS
SEPTEMBER 1976

Barnard Stamp Company
Mr./Mrs. J. E. Varner

NEW CONTRIBUTING
MEMBERSHIPS
SEPTEMBER 1976

Mr. Harold W. Bachman

Dr. Gladys E. Baker
Mr./Mrs. E. B. Feutz

Mrs. A. W. Frazier

Mr./Mrs. G. Gordon Hertslet
Mrs. Homer Howes

Mrs. Charles A. Lucas
Mr./Mrs. Robert T. Pieper
Mr. George C. Willson, III

NEW
MEMBERSHIPS
SEPTEMBER 1976

Mr./Mrs. George Adderton
Mr./Mrs. William H. Allan

Mr. John Charles Allen
Dr./Mrs. James H. Allison
Mr./Mrs. G. E. Amies
Mr./Mrs. Lloyd A. Anderson
Dr./Mrs. Robert R. Anschuetz
Mr. John H. Armbruster
Mr./Mrs. Ronald J. Auclair
Miss Claire Avis

Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Azerolo
Mr./Mrs. Jacques Baenziger
Mrs. J. Adair Baker

Mr./Mrs. Harold Bamburg
Mrs. Leroy B. Barber
Mr./Mrs. Lee Barker

Miss Susan Barrington
Mr./Mrs. John T. Barrow, Sr.
Mrs. William Maffitt Bates
Dr./Mrs. A. V. Bauer

Mr./Mrs. Roy N. Baumgartner
Judy Bean, Ltd.

Mr./Mrs. James M. Beauchamp
Miss S. Louise Beasley
Mr./Mrs. John Becker
Dr./Mrs. D. E. Beckman

Miss Dorothy M. Belanger
Mr./Mrs. Arthur Bell

Mr./Mrs. Richard E. Bell
Mr./Mrs. Brian R. Bender

Mr./Mrs. Kenneth J. Bennett
Mr./Mrs. Hunt Benoist

Ms. Frances A. Bergjans
Mr./Mrs. Geraid Bernstein
Mrs. Melba Bielsmith
Mr./Mrs. Michael Bieri

Dr. H. C. Blamoville

Rev. Joseph H. Blattner
Mr./Mrs. Eugene C. Blumeyer
Dr./Mrs. Irvin H. Blumfield
Ms. Evelyn A. Bock

Mr./Mrs. Wm. T. Boehm
Mr./Mrs. Kenneth G. Boling
Mrs. Helen Boller

Mr. Raymond C. Bond
Dr./Mrs. Robert L. Bonsanti
Mrs. Fred W. Boschert

Miss Helen E. Boyles
Mr./Mrs. E. W. Jim Bozzay
Mr./Mrs. Walter S. Brank, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Wm. Bransted
Mr./Mrs. James Brickey
Mr./Mrs. Thomas J. Briegel
Mrs. Gay B. Brown

Mr./Mrs. John W. Bryan
Dr./Mrs. Theodore L. Bryan
Dr./Mrs. John J. Budd, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Joseph R. Burcham
Dr. Richard H. Butsch
Mr./Mrs. John P. Butler

Ms. K. L. Cammack

Mr./Mrs. Walter R. Campbell
Mr./Mrs. Lawrence J. Carafiol
Mr./Mrs. Tobin Carlin
Mr./Mrs. Robert Carty
Mr./Mrs. Calvin Case, Jr.

Dr. Hirendra N. Chakrobortty

Ms. Anne V. Champ
Mr./Mrs. Joseph C. Champ
The Children’s House
Mr./Mrs. Anthony S. Cina
Mrs. Jane H. Clarkson

Ms. Elizabeth Clayton
Mr./Mrs. Oliver C. Clerc
Mrs. Esther Coffman

Ms. Gertrude Cohen
Dr./Mrs. Hillard K. Cohen
Mr./Mrs. Michael A. Cole
Mrs. Mary Colton

Mr./Mrs. Hartley B. Comfort
Concordia Seminary
Mr./Mrs. Donald F. Conrad
Mr./Mrs. John C. Corley
Mr./Mrs. William T. Corum
Mr./Mrs. Paul Cottrill
Mr./Mrs. Michael A. Cowan
Mrs. Leland K. Cowie
Mr./Mrs. Eldon F. Cox
Mr./Mrs. James J. Cramer
Mrs. Laura A. Crews
Mr./Mrs. Paul W. Crow

Ms. Shelby H. Curlee
Mr./Mrs. Brian K. Daniels
Prof./Mrs. William J. Danker
Mr./Mrs. Robert F. Dapron
Mr./Mrs. Carl Daubendiek
Mr./Mrs. Don R. Daues

Dr. Benjamin F. Davis
Mr./Mrs. Jerry Allen Davis
Mr. William L. Davis
Mr./Mrs. Nigel Daw
Mr./Mrs. M. D. Dawson
Dr./Mrs. Tony M. Deeths
Mr./Mrs. Oliver Deex
Mr./Mrs. Paul J. Diefenbach
Mr./Mrs. Oliver De Garmo
Mr./Mrs. Henry Deiters
Mr./Mrs. Jack Delling
Mr./Mrs. Gerald P. Deppe
Ms. Mary B. Deichmann
Mr./Mrs. Dan Dierdorf

Mr. Henry J. Dilschneider, III
Mr./Mrs. George R. Donald
Mr./Mrs. Alphonse J. Drury
Mr./Mrs. Howard M. Dudley
Mr./Mrs. Alfred V. Dunkin

Mr./Mrs. Bernard Edison
Dr./Mrs. James E. Edwards
Mrs. Katharine S. Ennion
Mr./Mrs. J. Epping

Mr./Mrs. F. B. Erickson
Mr./Mrs. Walter P. Eschbacher
Mr. Hugo J. Fach

Mr./Mrs. A. L. Fantilli

Mrs. Dorothy E. Farley

Miss Mary Jane Farley
Mr./Mrs. James M. Fiala
Mr./Mrs. John R. Finkenkeller
Mr./Mrs. Alan P. Fischer
Mr./Mrs. Richard A. Fischer
Mr./Mrs. Michael R. Foresman
Mr. Charles D’Arcy Fox

Mr./Mrs. James Ashby Francis
Miss Aurora Leigh Frederick
Mr./Mrs. Donald Freeman
Mrs. G. S. Frerichs

Mr./Mrs. Edgar C. Froehlich
Mr./Mrs. Yasushi Fukami
Mr./Mrs. Donald H. Funk
Ms. Judith J. Funkhouser
Ms. Jane Gaines

Mrs. W. Chastonay Garden
Mr. Glen Paul Gelhot
Mr./Mrs. William A. George, Sr.
Mr./Mrs. Charles W. Gholson
Mrs. Ruth Gmachl

Mr./Mrs. Charles H. Godat
Mr./Mrs. N. J. Golding, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Herman Goralnik
Mr./Mrs. Sam Green
Mr./Mrs. Lowell Grev
Dr./Mrs. Charles W. Griege
Ms. Virginia Groll

Mr./Mrs. Thomas J. Gulfoil
Dr./Mrs. John G. Haddad, Jr.
Miss Geneva Hagarty

Mr. M. Leon Hall

Mr./Mrs. Melvin Hall, Jr.

Mr. Eric Hamburg

Mr./Mrs. Bill Hamilton

Mr. Harry R. Hammond, III
Mr./Mrs. David M. Hardy
Mrs. Imogene H. Hazzard
Dr./Mrs. Raymond W. Hellweg
Mr./Mrs. John Heit

Ms. Edna Heman

Mr. Richard G. Henderson
Mr./Mrs. James J. Hennrich
Miss Linda Herzig

Mrs. Viola E. Hightower
Miss Ann Hildebrand
Mr./Mrs. Edwin L. Hill

Mr. R. H. Hill

Mr. Julian G. Hoffmann
Mr./Mrs. Richard C. Holton
Mrs. June V. Holtzmann

Ms. Sadie Homa

Miss Margaret Houlihan
Mr./Mrs. Douglas H. Huber
Mr./Mrs. Hubert Hufendick
Mr. Henry C. Hughes
Dr./Mrs. James G. Hull
Mr./Mrs. W. L. Hunt

Mrs. H. P. Hunter

Mrs. E. R. Hurd, Jr.

Mr./Mrs. John Huther

Miss Betty Hutson

Mr./Ms. Gerald P. Hyde
Mr./Mrs. Lane P. Jackson
Mr./Mrs. T. C. Jacoby, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Michael F. Jakubowski
Dr. J. T. Jean

Miss Janet Jennings
Mr./Mrs. Gary S. Johnson
Dr./Mrs. Robert R. Johnson
Mr. Claude E. Jones, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Jourdain
Mr. Ratph K. Judy

Mrs. Milton H. Just

Mr. Hans-Peter Kappus

Ms. Joan Karnuth

Mr./Mrs. Theodore R. Karros

Mr./Mrs. Charles Kemper, Jr.
Miss Elise Kiesel

Miss Frances King

Mr./Mrs. John Kistner
Mr./Mrs. Charles Klasek
Mr./Mrs. Ralph Klein
Mr./Mrs. Steven H. Klein
Miss Henrietta Klickermann
Mr./Mrs. Lee E. Klint
Mr./Mrs. John C. Kluge
Mr./Mrs. Charles W. Koch
Miss Marjorie Koehr -

Mr. Joseph M. Kohler
Mr./Mrs. Stanley L. Kopczynski
Miss Penny E. Kreutz
Dr./Mrs. John L. Krieger
Miss Imogene Krietemeyer
Mr./Mrs. David Kovac

Mrs. Emma Kraus

Mr. Gregory J. Kuehl
Mr./Mrs. R. B. Laidet, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Harold R. Largen
Mr./Mrs. Tom Laufersweiler
Miss Marcella M. Lauth
Mr./Mrs. Harry Leamy

Mrs. Daniel H. Le Gear
Mr./Mrs. A. D. Leitze
Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Lenhardt
Mr./Mrs. Clifford C. Lesandrini
Mr./Mrs. Stanford Levin
Mr./Mrs. Phillip L. Lilley

Mr. E. A. Limberg

Mrs. H. E. Linzee

Mr./Mrs. Robert C. Little
Mr./Mrs. Robert O. Little
Mr./Mrs. Kenneth W. Locke
Mr./Mrs. W. Malcolm Lowry
Miss Edna B. Luer

Mr. Eugene Luning

Mrs. Rene J. Lusser

Mr. Louis A. Luth

Mr./Mrs. William G. Madsen
Mr./Mrs. J. Marshall Magner
Mrs. C. Hohman Mahn

Mrs. Charles N. Malmros
Mrs. Lillian Mangelsdorf
Mr./Mrs. Victor Mann
Mr./Mrs. William Manson
Ms. Donna M. Marin
Mr./Mrs. E. C. Markman

Mr. Robert V. E. Martin
Dr./Mrs. Sydney B. Maughs
Sr. Anne Theresa Mayol
Mrs. Wilfred E. Maxeiner
Mr./Mrs. John J. McCarthy
Mr./Mrs. J. R. McCurdy
Mr./Mrs. F. M. McDougall
Mr./Mrs. M. J. McElroy

Rev. and Mrs. Andrew McGaffin
Mr./Mrs. Francis J. McKeon, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Richard McPherson
Mrs. Florence L. McQuater
Mr./Mrs. Tom P. Melton

Dr. Hyman Meltzer

Mr./Mrs. Howard E. Meyer
Mr./Mrs. Jerome Michelson
Mr./Mrs. Bruce Mills

Mrs. Floris R. Mills

Mr./Mrs. Charles E. Mitchell
Mr./Mrs. A. Wellborne Moise
Mr./Mrs. Jopseh O. Morrissey, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Carl S. Muelier, Jr.
Mrs. Florence Morrow
Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Murray
Mr./Mrs. John R. Mykrantz
Mr./Mrs. T. M. Nagle
Mr./Mrs. William A. Nelden
Dr./Mrs. Steven H. Nichols
Mr./Mrs. George A. Nolte
Mr./Mrs. Charles G. Obermeyer
Mr./Mrs. Jack O’Toole

Miss Josephine Palazzo
Miss N. E. Parato

Mr./Mrs. Lester Parmenter
Miss Ruth Parsons

mM

Mrs. W. E. Pavlick

Mrs. F. A. Peeler

Mrs. C. K. Pennington, Sr.
Mr./Mrs. Fred H. Perabo
Mr./Mrs. Robert F. Perkins
Mr. Joseph E. Perrine

Mrs. Thomas Petters

Mrs. Gussie Phillips
Mr./Mrs. Anthony L. Picatto
Mrs. Ralph F. Piper
Mr./Mrs. Richard E. Pollock
Mr. Predrag Popovich

Mr. Chris Price

Dr./Mrs. Robert J. Quinilty
Mr. T. P. Ramamoorthy
Mrs. Henry H. Rand
Mr./Mrs. Willis M. Reals
Dr./Mrs. Thomas E. Reh
Mr./Mrs. Oliver W. Reichert
Mrs. Malcolm B. Reid
Mr./Mrs. Jerome R. Renner
Miss Julian Renstrom
Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Restemyer
Mr. Stephen L. Reynolds
Miss Shirley K. Richardson
Mr./Mrs. Clarence Ricks, Jr.
Dr. John E. Ridgway, Jr.
Ms. Elizabeth W. Roberson
Mr./Mrs. H. C. Roberts

Mr. Glenn E. Rodey

Mr. Henry A. Rodriquez
Mr./Mrs. Frederick H. Roever
Miss Mary Ross

Mrs. Elizabeth P. Roth
Mr./Mrs. Andrew Rothschild
Mr./Mrs. Lee E. Rottmann
Mr./Mrs. Michael Ruocco
Mrs. H. Carl Runge, Jr.

Mr./Mrs. Richard Rynkiewicz
St. Bonaventure Friary
Mr./Mrs. Fred Z. Salomon, Jr.
Ms. Janet Sargent

Mrs. George N. Sardi

Mr. Carl R. Sartorius
Mr./Mrs. Dennis Satterlee
Ms. Jane Saur

Mr./Mrs. Alan Schaefer
Mr./Mrs. Ralph M. Schaefer
Mr./Mrs. Edward R. Schallom
Ms. Lillian Scheloski

Mr. F. T. Schleicher

Mr./Mrs. Raymond Schneider
Mr. Joseph M. Schroeder
Mr./Mrs. Ray Schulz

Mr./Mrs. A. Schwartz
Mr./Mrs. Harry D. Schwartz
Mr./Mrs. Emil A. Schwarz
Mr./Mrs. C. Monville Schwarz
Mr./Mrs. John Sears

Mrs. Frank Montgomery See
Dr./Mrs. E. P. Scott

Ms. Katherine Schilling
Mr./Mrs. Martin E. Seidel
Miss Marie G. Seiffert
Mr./Mrs. V. E. Semon
Mr./Mrs. Anthony J. Sestric
Mrs. Philip T. Shahan

Mr./Mrs. Alfred L. Shapleigh, III

Mr./Mrs. Gerald G. Shashek
Mr./Mrs. Robert H. Sicking
Mr./Mrs. David J. Signaigo
Mrs. Mary C. Sinquefield

Mr. Christopher Meaux Smith
Mr./Mrs. Forest J. Smith

Ms. Mary Smythe

Ms. June Snyder

Miss Ruth Snyder

Dr./Mrs. John C. Soucy, Jr.
Ms. Dara Sorgman

Mr./Mrs. Ted Spanos, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Herbert Spiegelberg
Mr./Mrs. Alvin L. Spitler
Adele C. Starbird

Mr./Mrs. Lawrence D. Steefel
Mr. Robert L. Steen

Miss Sylvia A. Steiling
Mr./Mrs. Gerald W. Steinman
Miss Kathryn Z. Stemmerich
Ms. Jean Stern

Dr./Mrs. Denton J. Stewart
Mr./Mrs. L. E. Stickler

Mrs. Barbara Stinson
Mr./Mrs. Harold A. Stoll
Mr./Mrs. Farren G. Stover
Mrs. Donald M. Strathearn
Mrs. Elenor Strauss

Dr./Mrs. William |. Stryker
Dr./Mrs. Joseph Sudekum
Mrs. E. G. Sumner

Mr./Mrs. Donald Sunder

Mr. Robert A. Swart

Dr./Mrs. W. Richard Sylvanovich

Mrs. Sadano Taketa
Mr./Mrs. James E. Tayon
Mr./Mrs. J. R. Telscher

Mr. Jerome A. Tessmer
Mr./Mrs. Leonidas Theodoro
Miss Fern D. Thorp

Mr./Mrs. Alan R. Tom

Dr./Mrs. Malcolm S. Torgerson

Mr. Peter J. Giacoma
Mr./Mrs. Wm. B. Trost
Mr./Mrs. Joseph Tucker
Mr./Mrs. Wlater J. Thomas

Dr./Mrs. Luis Tumialan
Mr./Mrs. Ching C. Tung
Dr./Mrs. Joseph B. Uelk
Mr./Mrs. Charles Valier
Mr./Mrs. Lawrence W. Valli
Mr./Mrs. Russell Voges

Mrs. Carole M. Van Vranken
Ms. Lois Vander Waerdt
Dr./Mrs. John Wagner

Miss Lois H. Waninger

Mr. Howard M. Webb
Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Weatherup
Mr./Mrs. Sheldon Weinstein
Dr./Mrs. Don C. Weir
Mr./Mrs. Sam Weissman
Dr./Mrs. William H. White, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. W. C. Whitlow
Mr./Mrs. Howard J. Wilkinson, Jr.
Mrs. Thelma Williamson
Mr./Mrs. Raymond L. Willsey
Mr./Mrs. Rudolph Ernst K. Winter
Mr./Mrs. Homer Winckler
Mr./Mrs. Mitchel L. Wolf
Andy and Dreama Wolff
Mr./Mrs. Fred J. Wolff

Mrs. Norman C. Wolff

Miss N. Ruth Wood

Mr./Mrs. John R. Woods
Mr./Mrs. Denver M. Wright, III
Mr./Mrs. Peregrine Wroth
Mr./Mrs. David O. Wyse

Mrs. |. J. Yarbrough

Mr./Mrs. Ee Thye Yin

Mr./Mrs. L. J. Zapf

Mr./Mrs. Louis A. Zimmermann
Rev./Mrs. Robert M. Zorn

SEPTEMBER TRIBUTES

In Honor of Mr./Mrs. Orator 0. Miller’s 50th
Wedding Anniversary

Mrs. Clem F. Storckman

In Honor of Mr./Mrs. Morton Meyer's Golden
Anniversary

Mrs. William H. Schield

in Memory of Robert J. Anderson, Jr.

Charles, Jerry, and Thomas Kohler

In Memory of Mr. Clifford J. Anton

Rose Society of Greater St. Louis_ :

in Memory of Mrs. Roberta Lewis Bailey

Mrs. Charles E. Bascom

In Memory of Helen Faye Barnett

Friends and Neighbors on Flora Place

in Memory of Mrs. David Baron

Mr./Mrs. Elmer D. Abramson

in Memory of Mrs. Marion Blossom

Mr. E. G. Cherbonnier :

in Memory of Mrs. Georgine Brooks

Phyllis A. T. Smyser

In Memory of Mrs. Helen Burrows
Woodbine Garden Club

In Memory of Mrs. Elizabeth F. Canine
Margaret A. Bick

Ltc. C. E. Canine

C. J. Canine

Geraldine E. Martino

The Nassau Family

Gertrude M. Steinhaus

Mr./Mrs. Rudolph Voelker

Mrs. M. D. Weable

In Memory of Dr. Harold Freedman
Mr./Mrs. Elmer D. Abramson
Mr./Mrs. Ellis C. Littmann

In Memory of Mrs. Lillian S. Hartnett
Edwin R. Waldemer

In Memory of Miss Nell C. Horner
Irma G. Bedford

Dorothy A. Brockhoff

Mrs. Oscar E. Buder

Mrs. P. G. Drabelle

Erna R. Eisendrath

Janet Jennings

William J. King

Carla Lange

Virginia R. McMath

Mr./Mrs. N. M. Osborne

Elizabeth W. Thatcher

In Memory of Max M. Mason, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. John R. Green, II

In Memory of Mrs. William E. Reyburn
Mr./Mrs. Harrison F. Lyman, Jr.

In Memory of Mrs. Ruth Royse
Clayton Garden Club #2

In Memory of Mr. Frank H. Ruggeri, Sr.
Mr./Mrs. Charles E. Gitto, Sr.

In Memory of Mrs. R. H. Storm
Mr./Mrs. Jack C. Taylor

Mr./Mrs. H. M. Wilson, Jr.

In Memory of Miss Nancy Wills
Clayton Garden Club #2

In Memory of Mr. Sol Wolf
Mr./Mrs. Elmer D. Abramson

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

2345 Tower Grove Avenue
Saint Louis, Missouri 63110

SECOND-CLASS
POSTAGE

PAID
AT ST. LOUIS, MO.

Missouri
Botanical
Garden
Bulletin

DECORATORS READY TO DECK
THE HALLS FOR HOLIDAYS AT
TOWER GROVE HOUSE

A Victorian Christmas experience, “Mr. Shaw
Entertains the Children of St. Louis,” will be offered for
the 1976 holiday season at Tower Grove House, Henry
Shaw’s 19th Century country home at the Missouri
Botanical Garden.

Open to the public from Dec. 14 through Jan. 4, the
historic home will be decorated almost “from tower to
grove” in holiday tradition, with many ornaments and
decorations designed and made by children.

Fifth-grade students from Mary Institute and Com-
munity school will decorate the parlors on the first floor
of Tower Grove house. And decoration of the Bird
Tree, outside the home, will bein the hands of Jennifer,

(Continued on Page 2

SOMETHING FOR THE BIRDS...

One of the most unique elements of the Tower Grove
House holiday project is the Bird Tree, a seasonal
“feeder” hung with edible ornaments as a Christmas
gift to the Missouri Botanical Garden’s birds-in-
residence.

The bird baubles, including popcorn, cranberry
strings, orange rinds and suet cakes, will be made this
year by the children of Dr. and Mrs. William M. Klein.

For those interested in trimming their own Bird Tree,
Edith Mason, landscape architect and the Garden’s
Bird Tree decorator for many years, offers the
following directions:

For suet cakes, use 20-25 pounds of suet ground bya
butcher, if possible, because suet requires a lengthy
time for rendering. Melt the suet in a large iron pot or

(Continued on Page 2)

Erica Klein, top,
daughter of Dr.
and Mrs. William
M. Klein, gives
Bird Tree its holi-
day trimming.

Dr. Klein is the
Garden's assis-
tant director.
Erica and her
brother and
sisters, left, Darin,
Jennifer and
Melissa Klein, use
teamwork to give
the birds a holiday
treat.

Volume LXIV Number 12
December 1976

DECKING THE (SHAW) HALLS...
(Continued from Page 1)

Melissa, Erica and Darin Klein, children of Dr. and Mrs.
William M. Klein.

Dr. Klein is assistant director of the Garden.

Also involved in transforming Tower Grove House
into a Victorian Christmas delight are the Volunteers
and Hostesses, who will decorate the guest room and
the upstairs hall; several garden clubs, including the
Sowing Circle Garden Club, the Garden Club of St.
Louis and the Ladue Garden Club, who will ornament
areas throughout the house; the Herb Society, in
charge of the Shaw kitchen; and the Women’s Board of
Missouri Botanical Garden, who will decorate the
staircase and hall. .

Tower Grove House will be closed, to be given its
holiday trim, on Monday, Dec. 13. The next day, it will
open to the public.

Admission to the decorated residence will be free
with a minimum $6 purchase from the collection of
handmade Christmas ornaments made for the occa-
sion.

LAND OF 0Z AT THE GARDEN GATE SHOP

From somewhere over the rainbow, at the Members
Preview of the Garden Gate Shop Christmas sale, came
the Tin Woodman (Mrs. John Lipscomb), the Cowardly
Lion (Mrs. Edwin S. Baldwin), Dorothy (Mrs. Holland F.
Chalfant, Jr.), and the Scarecrow (Mrs. William A.
Sims, Jr.). All characters are volunteer buyers for the
Garden Gate Shop, which this year is featuring
gifts, ornaments, and toys from the Land of Oz.

SOMETHING FOR THE BIRDS...
(Continued from Page 1)

heavy skillet, and mix in various bird foods, with
chopped dates and raisins.

Pour the mixture into aluminum gelatin molds of
holiday shapes — stars, crescents, rings, etc. While
hot, insert foot-long pipe stems for handles, preferably
in red or green to add holiday color. When cool, place
the ornaments into the freezer until ready to unmold
and hang on the tree.

Cranberries and popcorn can be strung using string
and a tapestry needle. In the same way, dried apples
and orange rinds can be strung on yarn, or orange
rinds can be made into baskets filled with dried bread
crumbs.

Last Christmas, members of the Marshalltown (lowa)
Bird Club visited the Garden and were so impressed
with the Bird Tree that the club president later wrote to
request instructions for trimming a_ tree for
Marshalltown birds this coming holiday season.

GIFT-WISE, PLANT SHOP
HAS A BETTER IDEA

Until the last shopping day before Christmas, the
Plant Shop at the Missouri Botanical Garden will offer
weekly holiday specials for those interested in putting
a little life into their shopping lists.

Beginning each Wednesday, the Plant Shop will offer
special savings on avariety of selected plants and plant
items, according to James Weldon, shop manager. The
specials will continue until noon on Dec. 24, when the
Garden will close for Christmas.

The Plant Shop will be decorated for the season with
an abundance of flowering specimens, also available
for purchase. A feature attraction will be a tree
decorated with ‘natural’ ornaments, gathered from the
Garden and from the Shaw Arboretum.

PASTICCIO, IF YOU PLEASE

The theme of the Missouri Botanical Garden’s 1976
Poinsettia Preview Party, scheduled for 5 to 7:30 p.m.
Friday, Dec. 10 in the Floral Display House, can be
embodied in a single, expressive word:

“Pasticcio”!

The term, of Italian origin, refers to a delightful
miscellany, a medley of unexpected and amusing
happenings. In charge of planning and producing
“Pasticcio” are Mrs. George K. Hasegawa, committee
chairman, assisted by committee members Mrs.
Shadrach F. Morris, Mrs. W. Boardman Jones and Mrs.
J. Butler Bushyhead.

Sponsored by the Famous-Barr Co., the party will
feature refreshments, including complimentary wine
punch, and the informal modeling of holiday fashions.

GARDEN FEDERATION TO HOLD
GALA HOLIDAY FLOWER SHOW

For the first time in four years, the East-Central
District, Federated Garden Clubs of Missouri, will hold
a major flower show at the Missouri Botanical Garden.
The event is scheduled for Dec. 4 and 5 in the Floral
Display House.

The East-Central District is composed of 155 garden
clubs in St. Louis and St. Louis County, representing
more than 3,500 members.

“It's Christmas and We Wish You .. .” isthe theme of
the show, which will feature educational exhibits, a
slide program, a Brownie troop Christmas exhibit,
Senior and Junior Artistic and Horticultural divisions,

Candlelight reflected on a silver screen, an Art Decco

interpretation with handcrafted candles and flowers, was
designed by Mrs. John L. O'Brien. “Candlelight” is among the

Christmas wishes of the East-Central District, Federated
Garden Clubs of Missouri, Flower Show.

and a Yule Shop for the sale of ornaments and gift
items.
Educational exhibits will include Art with Cones and

Pods; Presidential Legacies for Future Horizons; and
Simplified Care with Wick Watering, for African Violets.

Public viewing hours are from 2 p.m. to 5 p.m. on
Saturday, Dec. 4, and 9a.m. to 4p.m. on Sunday, Dec.
5. There is no charge other than gate admission to see
the Flower Show.

The slide program will be shown at 3 p.m. on Dec. 4,
and at 11 a.m. and 2 p.m. on Dec. 5. Brownie Troop
2944 from St. Sebastian School, sponsored by the
Hathaway Garden Club, will provide aseasonal exhibit
entitled “Christmas Weeds ’N Things.”

There will be 20 classes for entries in the Senior
Artistic Division, including: A Wreath of Happiness
Around You; Gaily Trimmed Trees; Glowing Hearths;
Happy Hang-ups; Friendly Calls; Family Gatherings;
Carol Singing; Candlelight; Love and Kisses; Hearty
Welcome.

A Bit of Whimsy; Happy Memories; Gala Evening;
Moments of Reverence; Peppermint Sticks and Candy
Canes; Pretty Gifts; Snowflakes; Favorite Things;
Some Ho-Ho-Hoing; And a Happy New Year.

In the Senior Horticulture Division, Section “A”
includes Arboreal Specimens — Conifer/needled
Evergreens, Broadleaf Evergreens and _ Berried
Branches. Section “B” includes House Plants (both
single and multiple plantings), and Hanging Plants.
Section “C” is for Dried or Preserved Plant Materials.

In the Junior Artistic Division, for five to 10-year-
olds, 10 classes of entry are available, including: Happy
Wrapping; A Tree-Trimming Party; Carols to Sing;
Some Snow for Sledding; Reindeer on the Roof; The
Joy of Toys; Fun and Games; Time for Legends; Could
Hear the Animals Talk; And a Colorful New Year.

In the Junior Horticulture Division, Section “A”
includes Cacti and Succulents, House Plants and
Plants propagated by the exhibitor; Section “B” will
include Aquariums, Dish Gardens, Terrariums and
Feeding and/or Watering Boards for Birds. The Flower
Show offers all viewers an excellent way to pick up
holiday decorating ideas.

In charge of
arrangments for the
Flower Show are, from
left, Mrs. John A.
Secrist, district direc-
tor of the East-Central
District; assisted by
Mrs. William V. Donnan,
schedule chairman; and
Mrs. Tracy Shade and
Mrs. Robert E. Hannon,
general co-chairmen.

HAIL AND FAREWELL!

Life Membership in the Missouri Botanical Garden,
for 40 years a special category for some very special
Garden friends, will cease to be available as a
membership alternative beginning in 1977.

Since its establishment in 1936, the Life Membership
has given the Garden a small but loyal group of friends
who wished to share in the Garden’s progress by
contributing generously to its financial support and
giving encouraging impetus to its growth.

However, recognizing the critical role which gifts
play in the Garden’s continued progress, and facing
the realities of inflation and its attendant problems, the

decision was made to discontinue the Life Membership
category.

The Garden’s cherished Life Members, of course,
will always remain Life Members. They will be honored
with a specially designed scroll, inscribed with their
names, which will hang in the Members’ Lounge of
Henry Shaw's Townhouse (the Administration
Building).

It is with great pride, pleasure and heartfelt gratitude
for their loyal support, that the Missouri Botanical
Garden acknowledges its Life Members:

LIFE MEMBERS

Mr. Lester M. Abbott

Mr. & Mrs. Howard F. Baer

Mrs. Kenneth C. Baker

Mr. & Mrs. Edward L. Bakewell, Jr.
Mrs. Charles E. Bascom

Miss Nina K. Bernd

*Mrs. Marion C. Blossom

Mrs. Fred J. Blum

Mr. & Mrs. Herman Bowmar

Mr. Arthur M. Branch, Jr.

Mrs. R. |. Brumbaugh

Mrs. Kenneth Carpenter

Mrs. Theron E. Catlin

Mr. & Mrs. Adolph G. Clodius
Mr. & Mrs. Samuel C. Davis
Mrs. Charles S. Drew

Mr. & Mrs. H. Richard Duhme, Jr.
Mr. Leicester Busch Faust

Mr. & Mrs. Macquorn R. Forrester
*Mr. Dudley French

Mr. & Mrs. Stanley J. Goodman
Mrs. Mildred Goodwin

Mr. James W. Haegen

Mrs. Ellis H. Hamel

Mr. & Mrs. Whitney R. Harris
Mr. & Mrs. John H. Hayward

Mr. & Mrs. Beecher R. Henderson
Mr. & Mrs. Henry Hitchcock

Mr. & Mrs. Adolph M. Hoenny
Mrs. Arthur C. Hoskins

Mr. & Mrs. Stanley F. Jackes
Mrs. John V. Janes, Sr.

Mr. & Mrs. H. F. Kalbfleisch

Mr. & Mrs. Elmer G. Kiefer
Colonel Erwin Koch

Mrs. Harold Theodore Lange, Jr.
Mrs. John S. Lehmann

Mr. & Mrs. David S. Lewis, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. Joseph W. Lewis
Miss Martha |. Love

Mr. & Mrs. Tex McClintock

Mr. Roswell Messing, Jr.

Dr. & Mrs. Walter Moore
Mrs. Stratford Lee Morton
Mr. & Mrs. Fristoe Mullins
Mr. & Mrs. Richard T. Nelson
Mr. & Mrs. Spencer T. Olin
Mr. William Pagenstecher
Mrs. Raoul Pantaleoni

Mr. & Mrs. Vernon W. Piper
Mr. & Mrs. A. T. Primm, III
Mr. & Mrs. Duaine Pryor

Dr. & Mrs. Peter H. Raven
Miss Viola Reynolds

Mrs. Howard E. Ridgway

Mr. & Mrs. C. Kenneth Robins
Mr. & Mrs. F. M. Robinson, Jr.
Mrs. Gladney Ross

Mr. & Mrs. Louis S. Sachs
Mrs. William H. Schield

Mr. & Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly
Mrs. Mason Scudder

Mr. & Mrs. Donald J. Sher
Dr. & Mrs. Allen B. Shopmaker
Mr. & Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr.
Mrs. Hermann F. Spoehrer
Mr. & Mrs. A. M. Stevens
*Mrs. Oscar Stroh
*Mrs. Owen J. Sullivan

Mr. & Mrs. Joseph Sunnen
Miss Harriet Tatman

Miss Sylvia Walden

Mrs. Jacob Wallach

Mrs. Horton Watkins

Mr. & Mrs. Ben H. Wells

Mrs. Ann M. Wendell

Mrs. Eugene F. Zimmerman
“Deceased

The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN
BULLETIN is published 12 issues per year
monthly by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345
Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110.
Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo.
SUBSCRIPTION RATES:

$5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign.

Mr. Hiromu Fukada, center, Minister of Economic Affairs for the Japanese
Embassy in Washington, D.C., is given a motorized tour of the new Japanese
Garden development by Dr. Peter H, Raven, right, Garden director, and Carl
L. A, Beckers, honorary consul general for Japan in St, Louis, A luncheon in
the John S, Lehmann Building followed Mr, Fukada’s inspection tour.

irs pgm Gan te a
Members of the Louisiana, Mo,, Garden Club, one of a growing number of
outstate gardening groups who come to St, Louis to see the Missouri Botanical

Garden, tour one of the Garden’s most unique elements — the Scented Garden
for the Blind.

Mrs. Russell Schulte, center, in Garden smock, a volunteer Guide, leads a
group of senior citizens from Columbia, Mo,, on a tour of the Garden,

GARDEN VISITORS: From Many Miles Around. . . _

¥ De adn tabs

Dr. Koichi Kawana, holding plans, professor of environ-
mental design at UCLA and architect of the Japanese
Garden, directs members of a construction crew in
positioning boulders for the waterfall at the northeastern
end of the lake in the Japanese Garden, Dr, Kawana’s
waterfall work was part of a recent two-day visit to the
Garden,

*
Se aes BE

The Dobashi Bridge, a traditional oriental span incorpo-
rated into the design of the Japanese Garden, is inspected,
from left, by Dr. Raven; William Shierholz, president of
Chemtech Industries, which donated the bridge to the
Garden; and Tom K, Smith Jr., president of the Garden
Board of Trustees, The Dobashi (Earth) bridge connects
the Japanese Garden’s southern “‘mainland” to Teahouse
Island,

ANNUAL GIVING PROGRAM TO BE LAUNCHED
NEXT MONTH BY DEVELOPMENT OFFICE

An Annual Giving Program, distinct from
membership dues and designed to strengthen and
expand the services provided by the Missouri Botanical
Garden, will be launched next month by the Garden’s
Development Office.

Its purpose will be simply to keep the Garden
growing.

“We must rely on the continued support of our very
devoted and loyal members, who realize the impor-
tance of the Garden,” said Mrs. John Brodhead Jr.,
Development Committee chairman.

“For the first time, we are inaugurating an Annual
Giving Program, a program beyond the already
substantial level of membership contributions, to
ensure the life of one of the world’s most important
botanical institutions.”

“We fervently hope,” she added, “that this year-end
appeal will meet with the enthusiastic support of our
members and friends.”

The Development Office was established in October,
1975, after it was approved during a series of meetings
of the Garden’s Board of Trustees. Following the
opening of the new office, a Development Committee
of the Members Executive Board was formed, with Mrs.
Brodhead as chairman.

Other members include Mrs. Robert Kittner (assis-
tant chairman), Mrs. Richard T. Nelson, Mrs. W.
Boardman Jones Jr., Mrs. J. Butler Bushyhead, Mrs.
Dwight W. Coultas, Mrs. Frederick O. Hanser, Mrs.
Robert D. Bodkin, Mrs. Eugene Pettus Jr. and Mrs.
Philip R. Dodge.

Also, Mrs. Samuel D. Soule, Mrs. Shadrach F. Morris,
Mrs. George K. Hasagawa, Mrs. David Hutson, Mrs.
Charles B. Thies, Mrs. C.F.P. Stueck, Mrs. Hugh M.F.
Lewis, Mrs. John Donnell, Mrs. Hugh Scott Ill, Mrs.
John Harbaugh, Mrs. Richard C. Holton and Mrs.
Raymond W. Peters II.

Through the spring and summer of 1976, this able
committee worked diligently to find better ways of
insuring that Garden members are kept informed of
both the Garden's activities and its needs.

Recently, members have been invited to attend a
color slide and tour program, presenting the entire
range of activities carried on by the Garden and
including a guided tour of the John S. Lehmann
Building and the Garden grounds.

The next slide-tour program is Dec. 6, 10:30 a.m., in
the Lehmann Building.

Members interested in the slide-tour program are
asked to telephone the Garden’s Development Office.
Audrey Senturia, assistant director of development,
will be happy to handle arrangements for members’
attendance.

Response to this educational program has been
gratifying, particularly from those members who have
expressed amazement after learning the scope of the

6

Garden's activities, and those who emerged with anew
awareness of the Garden’s very pressing needs.

The Annual Giving Program is a direct result of
efforts to meet those needs, needs the Garden faces in
attempting to meet the ever-expanding costs of an
inflationary economy.

“We feel that the Annual Giving Program can be of
dual benefit,” said Mrs. Brodhead. “It gives the Garden
the opportunity to solidify its fiscal position during a
period of economic difficulty, and it gives Garden
friends the opportunity to contribute substantially to
the botanical world and to future generations of
garden-lovers.”

When renewing memberships for 1977, friends of the
Garden are asked to consider the mounting problems
of Garden maintenance and the importance of their
role in the solution to those problems.

Membership contributions are:
Henry Shaw Associate — $1,000
Directors Associate — $500
Sponsoring — $250

Sustaining — $100

Contributing — $50
Membership — $25

Contributions are tax deductible for income tax
purposes in the manner and to the extent provided by
law. Contributions should be made payable to the
Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Ave., St.
Louis, Mo., 63110.

Membership contributions may be charged to
Master Charge accounts.

MEMBERS IN MOTION

MEMBERS TO ENJOY SOUTHERN EXPOSURE

A two-week South American adventure, far
from the St. Louis area’s annual winter chill, has
been planned by the Garden’s Members Office
and scheduled for Feb. 1-15, 1977.

Those aboard for the winter holiday will visit
Lima, Peru; Rio de Janiero, Brazil; and Caracas,
Venezuela. The member's price of $1,288 will
include charter flight, deluxe hotels, full
American-plan breakfasts and dinners in the
finest restaurants.

It will also include a tax-deductible gift to the
Garden.

For further information, those interested have
been asked to contact the Members Office at 772-
7600.

MEMBERS SCHEDULE STEAMBOAT SUMMER

All aboard for a steamboat summer!

An historic river excursion, aboard the new
sternwheeler ‘Mississippi Queen,’ is being
planned for Garden members for the week of
June 4-11, 1977. The trip will include visits to
New Orleans and other Mississippi River port
cities. Details will appear in future editions of

the Bulletin.

CHEMOSYSTEMATICS IS TOPIC
OF 23RD ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM

Chemosystematics, the science of following
chemical trails to classify and determine the
evolutionary histories of plants and animals, can be
quite a mouthful to those who know the Missouri
Botanical Garden only as a center of floral display.

But on the Garden's scientific side, such subjects are
routine.

In October, for example, chemosystematics was the
subject of the Garden’s 23rd Annual Systematics
Symposium, an event of great scientific stature which
attracted nearly 300 biologists from across the nation,
including seven who presented research papers during
Symposium sessions.

Chemosystematics is a field in which the chemical
characteristics of plants or animals are studied for use
in the classification and the elucidation of their
evolutionary histories. Nearly all chemical compounds
produced by organisms can be useful for such studies,
from the large macromolecules such as DNA and
protein to the small micromolecules such as phenolics
and terpenoids.

The entire range of these compounds was discussed
at the Symposium, made possible in part by funds
made available by the National Science Foundation.

Symposium sessions, at which scientific papers
were presented, were moderated by Dr. John Averett of
the University of Missouri-St. Louis, an expert in this
field. Dr. Averett, with Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden
director, is conducting joint chemical studies of
selected plants of the evening primrose family.

Among those presenting research papers were:

Dr. Paul Feeny, of Cornell University, who presented
a discussion on “Defensive Ecology of the Family
Cruciferae.” Although members of the mustard or
cabbage family possess natural insecticides in their
chemical composition, many insects have been able to
adapt themselves to feed on such plants, Dr. Feeny
said.

In response, many wild crucifer species have
developed an ecological defense, becoming less

apparent to enemies by growing in such a way as to
form an inconspicuous part of the overall vegetation.
Dr. Feeny noted that current agricultural methods tend
to reduce the effectiveness of natural plant defenses —
when planted in monocultures, crop plants are more

ei |
; |
;
pes
;

During one of the Symposium’s more informal moments,
participants enjoy a box lunch near the experimental
greenhouse on the grounds of the Missouri Botanical Garden.

apparent to natural enemies while at the same time
possessing relatively small amounts of chemically-
defensive compounds. The more “unapparent” we can
make our food crops, through rotation or multiple
planting, the less dependent we can become on
synthetic pesticides, he said.

Dr. Leslie Gottlieb, University of California-Davis,
discussed electrophoresis of proteins, one of the
newest methods used by plant systematists. Using this
method, mutations of genes in plant (and animal)
populations can be adduced from changes in protein
structure, and this information can be useful in the
study of plant evolution.

Dr. Mary-Claire King, University of California-
Berkeley, the first woman to take part in the Sympos-
ium, presented a discussion on molecular evolution,
outlining her work on the comparison of amino acid
sequences of proteins. Such sequences, she said, can

Dr. John Averett, left,
of the University

of Missouri-St.

Louis, served as
moderator of the
Systematics Sym-
posium. Presenting
papers during the Sym-
posium sessions were,
from left, Dr. Paul
Feeney, Dr. Mary-
Claire King, Dr. B. L.
Turner, Dr. Leslie
Gottlieb, Dr. Robert
Adams, Dr. Thomas
Mabry and Dr. David
Fairbrothers.

serve as evolutionary “clocks” to assist scientists in
tracing evolutionary lineages.

Dr. Tom J. Mabry, University of Texas-Austin,
explained how a knowledge of the chemistry of
pigment production has been essential in the un-
derstanding of evolution in the order Centrospermae,
which includes the cactus and pigweed families.

Dr. Robert P. Adams, Colorado State University,
discussed the species level by tracing in detail the
evolution of a juniper now distributed from the Ozarks
to northern Mexico.

Dr. David E. Fairbrothers, Rutgers University,
reviewed the contributions serotaxony has made to
plant classification through the use of immune
reactions to proteins, illustrating his discussion with
results from his recent laboratory work.

Dr. B. L. Turner, University of Texas-Austin, con-
cluded the Symposium with a provocative address
entitled, “Chemosystematics and Its Effects Upon the
Traditionalists.” Dr. Turner illustrated how
chemosystematics, when properly employed, can have
a profound influence on the solving of problems which
are intractable to the more traditional approach of
morphological analysis.

— Gerrit Davidse
Department of Botany

Missouri Botanical Garden members and “‘prospective members”
were winners together at the prize drawing held during the recent
Membership Preview Party for the Fall Flower Show. Taking home
the colorful potted mums pictured above were Garden members
Rose Radunsky, Charlotte Leu and Douglas Rendelman, as well as
non-members Gloria Wallace, Elizabeth Basman and Nan Brichta,

CHRYSANTHEMUM BALL RAISES $33,000 FOR BOXWOOD GARDEN

The Chrysanthemum Ball — more than two years in
the making and ultimately featuring a cast of hundreds
— was held on the Garden grounds in September and
raised more than $33,000 for the Edgar Anderson
Memorial Boxwood Garden.

A check for $33,812, total proceeds from the special
fund-raising event which brought designer Gloria
Vanderbilt and some 700 others to the Garden, was
presented to the Garden Board of Trustees by Mrs.
Walter G. Stern, chairman of the ball.

In appreciation of her most successful efforts, Tom
K. Smith Jr., president of the Board of Trustees,
presented Mrs. Stern with an engraved silver platter.

In a report to the Board, Mrs. Stern acknowledged
that much credit for the ball’s success was due to the
solicitation of Corporate Sponsors, which brought in
$18,000.

Future fund-raising events at the Garden will
probably employ a festival format, Mrs. Stern said, with
a wider appeal to a greater number of Garden members
and friends.

Mrs, Walter G, Stern, Chrysanthemum Ball
chairman, shows to Dr, Peter H. Raven the
engraved silver tray given to her in apprecia-
tion by the Garden Board of Trustees,

GARDEN BEGINS CO-OP PROJECT,
PLANT DISCOVERY EXPERIENCE,
WITH MAGNET SCHOOL PROGRAM

The Missouri Botanical Garden’s participation in the
St. Louis Magnet School Program — a cooperative
curriculum involving use of both Garden and Shaw
Arboretum facilities — has begun with a workshop
attended by some 15 teachers and administrators from
the Investigative Learning Center of Stix School.

Ken Peck, center, head of the Garden’s Education Department,
conducts orientation tour for teachers and administrators from
the Investigative Learning Center at Stix School,

!n charge of much of the
Magnet School Program
for the Garden and the St.
Louis Public Schools are
Ken Peck, head of the
Garden Education Depart-
ment; Lois Cannon, coor-
dinator of the Magnet
School Program at Stix
School; Dr. William M.
Klein, Assistant Director
of the Garden who is
Project Director, and
Susan McNamara of the
Garden education staff,

The cooperative project has been designed to
emphasize learning about plant life through discovery
and firsthand experience with growing things.

The workshop, held recently at the Garden, was
under the direction of Dr. William M. Klein, the
Garden's assistant director, and Project Director of the
cooperative program. The workshop was conducted
by Dr. Klein, with the assistance of Ken Peck, head of
the Garden’s Education Department; Susan Mc-
Namara, instructor in the Education Department; and
Lois Cannon, coordinator for the Investigative Lear-
ning Center at Stix School.

The group also attended a Saturday morning
orientation session at the Arboretum, under the
direction of Dave Goudy, Arboretum superintendent,
assisted by John Doty of the Arboretum staff.

Fall, winter and spring experiences are planned for
students involved in the full curriculum, which includes
regular visits to the Garden and the Arboretum as well
as classroom sessions and workshops. Members of the
Garden’s Education Department staff will visit Stix
School to conduct classroom activities.

St. Louis’ Magnet School Program, funded by agrant
made under the Emergency School Aid Act (ESAA II),
is designed to offer courses aimed at attracting a
racially-balanced enrollment to each Magnet School.
Bob Powers has been named coordinator and resource
teacher for Plant and Animal Ecology study at Stix
School's Investigative Learning Center.

Major corporations and _ several cultural and
educational institutions in the St. Louis area are
making resources available to the Magnet School
Program, but only the Missouri Botanical Garden has
offered a full project of activities both in the classroom
and in the “field.”

Gardening in St. Louis

A SEASON OF GIVING

Gardening activities have nearly come to an end for
1976, as we approach the season when we begin to give
serious consideration to garden-oriented gifts for
friends and relatives.

An ideal holiday gift is a membership in the Missouri
Botanical Garden, a year-long Christmas present
which brings the new member a lengthy list of garden-
style benefits as well as the monthly Missouri Botanical
Garden Bulletin.

In addition, a visit to the Garden Gate Shop and the
Plant Shop will offer the Christmas shopper a wide
assortment of plants, plant accessories, garden-
related items and books to fill out that unfinished gift
list.

KEEPING GREEN GIFTS GREEN

Christmas gift plants should receive special atten-
tion. Many can be used as table decorations during the
daylight hours but should be moved to an area where
the temperature is as cool as possible during the night.
Following this pattern will ensure that the plants havea
longer life.

Azaleas should have their pots immersed in water
every second or third day, held under water until
bubbles cease to rise. They should be drained on a
sideboard before returning them to their place.

All flowering plants should be given as much light as
possible during the day, even going so far as to place
them under sources of artificial light for several extra
hours.

The Poinsettia Show, featured at the Garden
throughout December, is an ideal event to attend with
friends to view examples of these flowering plants on
display. A stroll through the Climatron or other indoor
display areas will make a pleasant December after-
noon.

Poinsettias in the home should receive good light
during the day and care should be taken to ensure that
they are not overwatered. An occasional feeding of a
liquid fertilizer will be beneficial to all flowering plants.

TREE TRIMMING

December is an excellent month to trim some of the
evergreens and holly, removing selected end pieces
and longer sections to properly shape the plant. The
greens can be used for holiday decorating within the
home or to pass on to friends.

House plants should be inspected to make sure they
are in good condition and show no sign of insects,
particularly spider mite. If spider mite should becomea
problem, spray with a good miticide immediately and
continue at intervals until they are brought under
control.

Avoid feeding foliage plants or overwatering during
the dark days for the next month or two.

10

OUTDOORS

Garden hoses should be inspected to make sure that
they are thoroughly drained and properly stored for the
winter months. Freezing, thawing and the failure to
move such items into storage may cause hoses to split
open.

Mulching can still be applied around many newly set
out or already established plants, to prevent the ground
from freezing and thawing so rapidly.

Last of all, December is a good time to send away for
seed catalogs and spend a spare evening or two
planning and preparing for garden plantings next

spring.

— Robert J. Dingwall
Chief Horticulturist

A BOUQUET TO THE VOLUNTEERS

The Missouri Botanical Garden's corps of Volunteers
are those hard-working, always-willing-to-help people
who perform dozens of glamourless tasks each day to
keep things humming behind the Garden wall.

Without them, the hum could become a screech.

One of the most popular and interesting areas in
which the Volunteers work is the Climatron, the
enormous tropical greenhouse with its famous domed
shape which for many visitors and friends is the symbol
of the Missouri Botanical Garden.

Because of the more than 1,200 tropical plants
housed there, much work is required.

Under the guidance of Bill Wagner of the Garden
staff, the Volunteers hose and sweep the Climatron
walkways to keep them free of debris. They prune
plants and trees to keep them of manageable size. They
weed and rake the soil to maintain the appearance and
even growth, and they even shake many of the tall trees
to eliminate dead leaves.

Volunteer activities extend also to the adjacent
Mediterranean and Desert Houses, which require
equally close attention. In addition, Volunteers serve as
hosts and hostesses, greeting visitors and explaining
the history and types of plants contained in the display
houses.

Anyone interested in serving the Garden in this
unique way, as a horticultural worker or a host/hostess,
is asked to contact the Garden’s Volunteer organiza-
tion at 772-7600.

— Carol Taxman
Chairman of Volunteers

VOLUNTEERS
A group of hardworking volunteers handle the once-a-year
mailing of brochures on the Garden’s educational programs.
Clockwise from left they are: Mildred House, Margaret

House, Henrietta Klickerman, Viola Wagstaff, Olga Klickerman,
(standing) Geraldine Wencker, Madeline Hadley, and Vi Taylor,

MEMBERSHIP
SEPTEMBER 1976

Mr./Mrs. Martin A. Barnholtz
Mr. James C. Belshaw ;
Mr./Mrs. Hugh R. Bergman
Mr./Mrs. Lige B. Brown
Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Dau
Mr./Mrs. Richard E. Glass
Mr./Mrs. Elwood J. Moore
Mr./Mrs. Victor E. Ratkowski
Mr./Mrs. James C. Schaeffer
Miss Irene T. Schulze
Mr./Mrs. R. E. Sherrill
Mr./Mrs. James Sills

Mrs. W. Carroll Stone
Mr./Mrs. Barney Wander

NEW DIRECTOR'S
ASSOCIATE
MEMBERSHIP

OCTOBER 1976
Mr. Roy L. Tarter

NEW SUSTAINING
MEMBERSHIPS

Ms. Velma R. Boyer
Dr./Mrs. A. H. Stein, Jr.

NEW CONTRIBUTING
MEMBERSHIPS

Dr./Mrs. George Anstey
Grace K. Dade

Mr./Mrs. James C. Fulkerson
Ms. Jo S. Hanson

Mr./Mrs. Thomas D. Rodman
Dr. James C. Vest

NEW MEMBERSHIPS

Mrs. Bruce B. Adaire

Mr./Mrs. Frank Adam
Mr./Mrs. Charles W. Anderson
Mr./Mrs. Hugh M. Anderson
Mrs. Sally Arias

Mrs. Harris Armstrong
Dr./Mrs. John P. Arnot
Dr./Mrs. Vatche H. Ayvazian

Mr./Mrs. Charles M. Babington III

Ms. Elizabeth R. Bader
Dr./Mrs. Walter F. Ballinger
Mr. Christopher Bauer
Mr./Mrs. Jon J. Benedicktus
Mr./Mrs. Calvin Bennett
Mrs. Edna Bernhardt
Mr./Mrs. Lester Best

Miss Marguerite Bick
Mr./Mrs. Robert M. Bird

Dr. Harold E. Bizer

Ms. Nancy E. Blankmann
Mr./Mrs. Raymond Boehm
Miss S. L. Boggs

Mr. Kyrle Boldt, Jr.

Mrs. Carol A. Boshart

Ms. Elizabeth W. Boulton
Mr./Mrs. Robt. E. Bouma
Mr./Mrs. Jack Bradley
Mr./Mrs. A. L. Braun
Mr./Mrs. Thomas C. Bredahl
Mr./Mrs. Claude F. Brice, Jr.
Ms. Bev Brickey

Mr./Mrs. Thomas W. Brockland
Mr./Mrs. J. Brooks

Mrs. Joyce M. Broughton
Miss Linda L. Brown
Dr./Mrs. Seymour Brown
Mr./Mrs. Charles E. Buettner

Mr./Mrs. Johnny Bullock, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Bob Bushong
Mr./Mrs. John B. Carothers, III
Dr./Mrs. James Carpenter
Mr./Mrs. John Carrington, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Samuel E. Chatman
Mrs. Stephen E. Chamberlin
Miss Sara L. Christman

Ms. Suzanne Christopher
Miss Patricia Clay

Mrs. Jess W. Cole

Miss Bonita G. Coleman
Miss Eleanor C. Coulter

Mr. David C. Crafts

Miss Karen E. Cronquist

Mr. John C. K. Curtis

Ms. Phyllis M. Daniel
Mr./Mrs. Edmund H. Daves
Mr./Mrs. Scott Dekins
Mr./Mrs. Joseph Desloge, Jr.
Ms. Alberta B. Dickman
Mr./Mrs. Victor H. Diestel
Miss Ann C. Dintelmann
Mr./Mrs. Leonard Doll
Mr./Mrs. W. W. Downing

Mr. Wendell Duncan

Mr. John E. Dwyer

Mr./Mrs. William M. Eddy
Mrs. Vernell D. Ehrhardt
Mr./Mrs. Jim J. Ellis

Mr./Mrs. Ken Eulberg

Ms. Shirley J. Fenwick
Ferguson Junior High School
Mr./Mrs. Jeffrey Forster

Mrs. Ray Foster

Mr./Mrs. Michael M. Frank
Mr. Victor A. Frankel
Mr./Mrs. Robt. H. Frasier
Mr./Mrs. Edward C. Games, Jr.
Mr. David Gietl

Miss Marianne Gillis
Mr./Mrs. R. B. Gilmore
Mr./Mrs. John H. Goffstein
Dr./Mrs. Samuel W. Gollub
Mr./Mrs. Donald J. Gove
Mr./Mrs. Edward W. Grace
Mr./Mrs. Owen D. Gray
Mr./Mrs. Ronald K. Greenberg
Mrs. Lessie M. Gregory
Mr./Mrs. A. J. Gregowicz
Dr./Mrs. Donald E. Grogan
Mr./Mrs. Albert P. Gronemeyer
Mr./Mrs. Dean Gruchalla
Mr./Mrs. M. J. Grzeskowski
Mr./Mrs. Russell G. Guese
Mr./Mrs. Michael G. Gunn
Dr./Mrs. Benjamin L. Guzdial
Mrs. Prim A. Hackmann

Mrs. D. Pierce Haller

Ms. Melanie Harvey

Mrs. H. G. Hedgcock
Mr./Mrs. James M. Henderson
Drs. Peter and Ceil Herman
Mr./Mrs. Jack Heutel

Mrs. Billie Hirsch

Mr./Ms. Wells A. Hobler
Mr./Mrs. Norman Holsinger
Mr. Glenn Hosokawa

Mr. Charles G. Houghton, Jr.
Dr./Mrs. W. Y. Howell
Mr./Mrs. Ralph T. Hull
Mr./Mrs. Robt. J. Human
Mr./Mrs. Wallace Hunicke
Ms. Gail G. Isinghausen

Mr. Otis A. Jackson

Mrs. Lee B. Johns

Jardin DuLac Garden Club
Mr./Mrs. A. W. Johnson
Mr./Mrs. Lenier Johnson, Sr.
Mr./Mrs. E. F. Jordan
Mr./Mrs. John A. Jurgiel
Mr./Mrs. Ronald Kahney
Mr./Mrs. John A. Kaminski
Mr./Mrs. Sidney Kasper

Mr. Edwin H. Kastner
Mr./Mrs. C. Norman Keck
Miss Barbara Ann Keefe
Mr./Mrs. James Key

Ms. A. Donna King

Mr./Mrs. George M. Kish
Miss Catherine R. Koch
Mr./Mrs. Sylvester E. Koebel, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Herman H. Koppelmann
Mr./Mrs. Torkel Korling
Miss Carol Kramer

Mr. Nuncio T. Lamartina
Mr./Mrs. Roy T. Langenberg
Mrs. Brenda Langner
Mr./Mrs. Ralph E. Lee

Mrs. Hubertina Lloyd
Mr./Mrs. Darrel Long

Mrs. Karol L. Lucas

Mr. Tommie M. Luckett
Mr./Mrs. John H. Lysell
Mr./Mrs. Barton MacDonald
Miss Jacqueline MacMillan
Jane S. Macrae

Mrs. William Marbury
Dr./Mrs. Peter K. Matsuoka
Mr./Mrs. J. Harold Matthew
Mr./Mrs. Frederic G. Maurer, III
Mr./Mrs. Francis E. McBride
Mrs. E. G. McLagan
Mr./Mrs. Thomas J. McReynolds
Mr./Mrs. Herbert R. Meckfessel
Mr./Mrs. Dave Meeker
Mr./Mrs. James W. Meeks
Mrs. Eva L. Meier

Mr./Mrs. Henry W. Meier
Mr./Mrs. Robt. C. Meyers
Mr./Mrs. James J. Michael
Mr./Mrs. H. C. Milford
Mr./Mrs. Barney Miller
Mr./Mrs. Rol Miller

Mr./Mrs. Wm. T. Mitchell
Mr./Mrs. Louis G. Monnig
Mr./Mrs. Robt. C. Morgan
Mrs. Nora Morrison

Miss Kristina Moslanka

Mrs. Helen Moxley

Mr./Mrs. Francis W. Mueller
Mr./Mrs. Harry A. Naeter
Mr./Mrs. James Niemann
Ms. Jane O’Donnell

Dr./Mrs. Ted T. Okamoto

A. E. and L. E. Olson
Dr./Mrs. Dennis C. Owsley
Mr./Mrs. Robt. D. Palmer
Mr./Mrs. Lodell N. Parks, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Frederick G. Peil
Dr./Mrs. Geo. H. Perrine
Mr./Mrs. Mark S. Petzel
Mr./Mrs. Courtney G. Pitkin, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Alfred L. Poertner
Mr./Mrs. F. L. Pratt, Sr.
Mr./Mrs. Michael A. Raniclio
Mr./Mrs. Brent Rasch
Mr./Mrs. Clarence E. Rau
Ms. K. J. Reuther
Mr./Mrs. T. J. Rheinberger
Dorothy E. and Frank S. Rice
Ms. Erleen Richeson

Member of
The Arts and Education

Fund of Greater St.Louis

11

Mr./Mrs. Hebert R. Richter
Mrs. John S. Riley

Mr./Mrs. Robert Roe

Ms. Dorothy Resenbaum
Miss Virginia Rosenmeyer
Mr./Mrs. Richard S. Rosenthal
Miss Elizabeth Ruck

Mrs. Florence E. Sanders
Mr./Mrs. G. K. Sandweg, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Warren R. Sauer
Mrs. Barbara L. Savalick
Mr./Mrs. Earl E. Scherf

Mr. Daniel R. Schettler

Mrs. Gunter Schmidt
Mr./Mrs. Richard P. Schmidt
Mr./Mrs. Alfred P. Schmiz, Jr.
Miss Rebecca Schneider
Mrs. Emma H. Schoen
Mr./Mrs. Ray Scholin

Miss Gertrude Schrader
Mr./Mrs. Paul H. Schramm
Mr./Mrs. Ralph C. Schuette
Mr./Mrs. Harry T. Schukar

Dr./Mrs. Alfred S. Schwarts
Mr./Ms. Steven P. Sedor
Mr./Mrs. Arthur V. Sedrick
Mr./Mrs. Bryan J. Sevey
Mrs. Ritsuko Shoji

Rabbi Mark L. Shook
Mr./Mrs. Alton E. Shumate
Mr./Mrs. Rolland A. Sipes
Mrs. David W. Skinner
Mr./Mrs. Robert B. Smith
Mr./Mrs. Spencer Sorenson
Mr./Mrs. Richard Spiering
Mr. D. Alistair Stahlhut

Ms. Marthar Stark

Mrs. Marie M. Steffan
Mr./Mrs. Warren H. Steffens
Mr./Mrs. Kenneth Stevens
Miss Shirley Stoecker
Mr./Mrs. Richard V. Strader
Mr./Mrs. L. E. Struckmeyer
Mr./Mrs. Malcolm B. Sturgis
Mrs. Ernest R. Swanson
Mr./Mrs. Donald |. Tepas

Mr./Mrs. Daniel A. Terpstra
Mrs. Judith F. Till

Mr./Mrs. William Trupiano
Mrs. D. Reva Turner

Ms. Helen A. Tysseling

Dr. L. Scott Ulin

Dr./Mrs. Ted Vargas
Mr./Mrs. Angelo S. Vassallo
Mr./Mrs. Charles Vogt
Mr./Mrs. F. A. Waelterman
Mr./Mrs. Edward Wagner
Mr./Mrs. Dennis Walker
Mr./Mrs. Douglas A. Walker
Mrs. Beatrice Wallace

Mrs. James B. Ware

Cindy Warhol and Gary Ridgeway
Mr./Mrs. William E. Watkins
Mr./Mrs. R. F. Webber
Dr./Mrs. Robert Weinhaus
Mr./Mrs. Donald J. Wheeler
Mr./Mrs. Gordon R. White
Mrs. Toby White

Mr./Mrs. Kenneth J. Wideman
Mr./Mrs. Robert W. Wilson

Mr./Mrs. Melvin E. Witt
Mr./Mrs. Mark W. Wozmak
Dr./Mrs. A. M. Yazdi
Mr./Mrs. G. E. Younger

INCREASE IN
MEMBERSHIP
CONTRIBUTIONS
OCTOBER 1976

SUSTAINING

Mr./Mrs. Sanford N. McDonnell

CONTRIBUTING

Mr. Robert A. Bradley
Mr./Mrs. H. King Carter

Mr. Alan E. Doede

Mr./Mrs. W. Stix Friedman
Mr./Mrs. Arthur C. Haack
Mrs. Karl Hoffmann

Mueth Lumber & Plywood Co.
Mrs. Christa E. Rariden

OCTOBER 1976 TRIBUTES

In Honor of Mrs. |. F. Fausek, Jr.'s. Birthday

Judy and Jerry Rubenstein
in Honor of Florence M. Ross’ Birthday
Mrs. Ernest D. Loewenwarter

In Honor of Mr. Joseph Ruwitch’s Birthday

Mr./Mrs. Lester Ackerman, Jr.
Dr./Mrs. Harry Agress

Howard and Isabel Baer

Mr./Mrs. Leon Bodenheimer
Eunice Cohn

Ilma R. Glaser

Arthur and Helen Scharff

Mrs. William H. Schield

Leonard and Jenny Strauss

Bede and Frank Wolff

Mr./Mrs. Heiman Willer

In Memory of Elizabeth Canine
Jack and Mary Agnes Zeltmann
In Memory of Mr. H. Towner Deane
Charles Deane

Theoline Francis

Margaret J. Harrison

In Memory of John Dowell
Mr./Mrs. G. C. Bradshaw

In Memory of Ida F. Feinstein
Ilse and Erna Arndt

In Memory of Mrs. Judith F. Foster
Mr. Edwin R. Waldemer

In Memory of Mr. Dudley French
Mr./Mrs. Newell Augur

Mrs. W. H. Bixby

Mr./Mrs. John Brodhead, Jr.
Adelaide Cherbonnier

Mr. E. G. Cherbonnier

J. Dudley Clark, Jr.

Mrs. Edward M. Crane, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. James E. Crawford
Mr./Mrs. Sam’! C. Davis
Mrs. Kenneth Drummond
Mrs. Claude Garesche

Graham Paper Company, Officers & Directors

Mr./Mrs. John H. Hayward
Eleanor and Harry Hitchcock
Mrs. Wilbur B. Jones

Miss Corinne P. Knapp
Mrs. Melba Lacy

Mr./Mrs. Joseph Lewis
Miss Phyllis McPheeters
Mrs. Samuel B. McPheeters
Peg and John Mechem

Mr. Paul S. Miller

Mrs. Seymour Morris
Mr./Mrs. Robert Moser
Mr./Mrs. William A. Moser
Mrs. Hiram Norcross

Mrs. John J. O'Fallon, Sr.
Mr./Mrs. W. R. Orthwein, Jr.
Mr. William Pagenstecher
Paul Stafford Associates
Phyllis R. Peabody

Miss Patricia Perjak

Mrs. William H. Petring
Mr./Mrs. A. F. Primm

Mrs. Hobert Romig

Mrs. A. Wessel Shapleigh
Mrs. Ethan A. H. Shepley
Miss Cornelia Otis Skinner
Mr./Mrs. Robert B. Smith
Mrs. Lloyd C. Stark

Mary L. Tebbetts

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

2345 Tower Grove Avenue
Saint Louis, Missouri 63110

Charles and Florence Terry
Eugene C. Tittmann

Mr./Mrs. Tullius C. Tupper
Mrs. C. Gatch Upthegrove
Mr./Mrs. C. Powell Whitehead

In Memory of Julie Hindmarsh’s Grandmother

Darlene G. Thornhill

In Memory of Nell C. Horner
Catharine Lieneman

In Memory of Sylvia and Jason Kawin
Mrs. Charles D. Cohen

Mr./Mrs. Jerome S. Michelson

In Memory of Mr. Harry Kearley

Dr. Armand D. Fries

In Memory of Mr. Edgar J. Kulla
Mr./Mrs. William L. Redmond

In Memory of Stafford L. Lambert
Katherine Bur

In Memory of Mr. Matthew S. McCauley
Bess J. Corn

Gordon M. Thomson

In Memory of Dr. D. K. Rose

Mr. E. G. Cherbonnier

In Memory of Charles A. Severin

Mrs. Katherine W. Kruse

In Memory of Mrs. G. Carroll Stribling
Mr./Mrs. R. Walston Chubb

Mr./Mrs. Theodore P. Desloge

Mr./Mrs. Henry Hitchcock

D. R. and Ann Q. Niederlander

Mary B. Robertson

Rowena Clark Garden Club

Mr./Mrs. J. Sheppard Smith

in Memory of Lawrence A. Palkes
Mr./Mrs. Charles E. Gitto, Sr.

SECOND-CLASS
POSTAGE

PAID
AT ST. LOUIS, MO.

Missouri
Botanical
Garden
Bulletin

A Report from Saudi Arabia

“The Climatron Seemed Light Years Away..."

| stood by the fire in the desert, gazing incredu-
lously at the scene before me, and the Climatron sud-
denly seemed light years away.

As a non-Muslim, | had no part in the colorful
drama taking place before my eyes. A few hundred
feet from where | stood, 25 Muslims were lined in
single file, facing Mecca and the dying sun. Our host,
the Emir, Khalid Al-Sorairi, stood in front of the line
and led the evening prayer.

After the men had made their last salaam into the
soft sand, now pink with the sun’s last rays, they
quietly dispersed to await the evening meal. About

me were some 50 one-hump black camels, loafing in
the treeless desert, their soft eyes reflecting satisfac-
tion at having had their fill from huge water troughs,
filled from vans the size of milk trucks.

The streets of St. Louis, the pathways of the Mis-
sour! Botanical Garden, would be scenes from an-
other world.

It was mid-July and the desert of Saudi Arabia had
been my home for several weeks. My companions,
three scientists and six helpers, were from the Univer-
sity of Riyad, which had invited me on the field trip.
We were collecting flowering plants throughout Saudi
(Continued on Page 6)

Dr. John Dwyer, right,
of the Garden's Depart-
ment of Botany, shares
a desert meal, from /eft,
with a technician;
Prince Khalid Al-Sodairi
of Nejran; Prof. Abdul-
lah El-Sheikh of Saudi
Arabia; and Mohamed
Sabry El-Sayed Awad
of Egypt. Dr. Dwyer,
inset above, spent sev-
eral weeks studying
flora in the Saudi
Arabian desert.

Volume LXV Number 1
January 1977

A JANUARY PROGRESS REPORT:
JAPANESE GARDEN TAKES SHAPE

Recent progress on the construction of the Japa-
nese Garden, moving toward a public opening next
spring, has included the near-completion of the gar-
den’s waterworks — its lake and its waterfalls.

The four-acre lake, central to the landscape of the
$1.2 million development, has been given its most
necessary element: water. And construction of the
garden's two waterfalls is reaching the final stages.

During his latest visit to the Missouri Botanical
Garden, Koichi Kawana, professor of environmental

_ if te
4. eae ‘ .
ba 4 och aan y, ? Oh: ‘ ne

AP OS ee GOP! Maree ee
Plans for the new Japanese Garden, a $1.2 million development sched-
uled to be completed next spring, are studied, clockwise from left, by
David Binks of the Garden staff; Karl Pettit 1/1, architect; and Prof.

Koichi Kawana, designer of the Japanese Garden.

design at UCLA and architect for the Japanese Gar-
den, supervised the placing of the final stones and
boulders for the waterfalls, preparatory to the filling
of the lake.

At that time lines were attached to a second pump
station and arrangements for the second waterfall
were completed by Professor Kawana.

The precise placement of the multi-ton boulders
allows for waterfalls of contrasting style, each de-
signed to evoke different feelings, Professor Kawana
has explained.

The three-step waterfall at the northeast edge of
the lake is intended, in the highly refined aesthetic
language of the Japanese garden as an art form, to
evoke feelings of tranquility or delight. By contrast,
the long uninterrupted-sheet falls to be developed on
the northwest edge provides a more formal element, a
dynamic force inviting respect and humility.

The garni green boulders — some weighing five tons
— with a somber but suggestive tonality favored in
Japanese gardens, will shape a recirculating flow of
water pumped back uphill by the totally submerged
pump stations.

Bonsai pines and other plantings will fringe the
falls to conceal alternate stretches of cascading water
from all vantage points. Each half-hidden view thus
creates a provocative allure or mystique highly prized
in Japanese landscaping, according to Professor Ka-
wana.

“The waterfall in a Japanese garden presents one of
the many moods or forms of water corresponding and
interacting with various human moods and feelings.
The dynamic motion of falling water contrasts with
the placid reflective quality of the motionless water
in the lake,” Professor Kawana has noted.

The style of the Japanese Garden being developed
at the Missouri Botanical Garden is intended to relate
to all of the senses of those who stroll through it, so
that the differing sounds of the waterfalls will add a
crucial and enriching aural dimension to the total
Garden experience.

Professor Kawana, assisted by Garden staff mem-
bers, has also readied Teahouse Island and other
focal areas for planting. Two large trucks have deliv-
ered cargos of plants, with two more to come.

Plantings include trees and shrubs, a variety of
pines, including black pines, Austrian pines, mugho
pine and Cryptomeria, known as the Japanese cedar.
Shrubs include euonymus, quince and azaleas.

The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is pub-
lished 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical
Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110.
Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year.
$6.00 foreign.

$70,000 GRANT RECEIVED
FROM STATE ARTS COUNCIL

The Missouri Botanical Garden has received a
$70,000 grant from the Missouri Arts Council, with
$20,000 earmarked for programs and $50,000 in
revenue sharing funds for capital improvements in the
new Japanese Garden.

The grant is for the fiscal year ending June
30,1977.

The $50,000 grant covers construction and installa-
tion in the Japanese Garden. The program grant of
$20,000, for professional services and educational
programs, is applicable to the design, installation and
interpretation of the Japanese Garden; the English
Woodland Garden, dedicated in May, 1976; and the
Edgar Anderson Memorial Boxwood Garden, project-
ed to begin in 1977.

The Japanese Garden, under construction, will be
dedicated on May 5, 1977.

With the help of this funding, the Missouri Botani-
cal Garden is making available to the public, through
information programs and tours, the artistic features
of gardening and landscaping embodied in unique
ways in the Japanese Garden, the English Woodland
Garden, and the projected Boxwood Garden. In its
many other elements — the Anne Lehmann Rose Gar-
den, the North Rose Garden, the Scented Garden for
the Blind, the floral display shows, and other unusual
features — the Missouri Botanical Garden has raised
the quality of gardening and landscaping awareness to
the level of a permanent art form.

The purpose of the Missouri Arts Council is to fos-
ter the growth, development and appreciation of the
arts in Missouri. It does this by providing financial
and technical assistance to organizations for arts pro-
grams that serve the people of the state.

Missouri is a strong leader in the swelling national
ranks of attendance and participation in arts pro-
grams. According to official estimates the total at-
tendance in arts programs assisted by the Missouri
Arts Council for fiscal year 1976, throughout the 20
regional districts of the state, will be more than
4,335,000 persons, or one-half million more persons
than attended professional football and _ baseball
games in the state last year.

The Missouri Botanical Garden can claim to have
served more than 300,000 of those persons, as well as
some 40,000 adults and children who take part in the
Garden's continuing educational and garden aware-
ness programs.

EASTWARD HO! TOUR OF JAPAN
PLANNED FOR GARDEN MEMBERS

A three-week tour of Japan, including visits to the
ancient capital of Kyoto and St. Louis’ sister-city of
Suwa, has been arranged for Missouri Botanical Gar-
den members and scheduled for Oct. 2-22, 1977.

Conductor of the tour will be John Elsley, Curator
of Hardy Plants at the Garden, with travel arrange-
ments coordinated through the St. Louis chapter of
the Japanese American Citizens League and the Japan
Travel Bureau.

Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director, and Mrs,
Raven will accompany the tour group.

The tour itinerary will concentrate on Japan’s cen-
tral regions and will include a five-day visit to Kyoto,
ancient capital and cultural center of Japan. Kyoto is
the site of many of Japan’s finest traditional and his-
toric gardens.

Other cities included in the tour schedule are
Nagano City, capital of the Nagano Prefecture, Mis-
souri’s sister-state which gave the Teahouse for the
new Japanese Garden; St. Louis’ sister-city, Suwa, sit-
uated in the magnificent Japanese Alps; historic Nara;
and Takamatsu, reached by a boat trip through the
Inland Sea.

At Nikko, tour members will visit an Alpine bo-
tanic garden and view the spectacular native wood-
lands around neighboring Lake Chujenji. The annual
Osaka Chrysanthemum Show is on the tour schedule,
as well as the unique Bonsai Village of Omiya, located
near Tokyo. A visit to one of the famous bonsai
nurseries is planned. The group will visit Tokyo for
several days, both at the start and end of the tour.

Throughout Japan, travel will be either by rail or
private motorcoach. In addition to our Missouri Bo-
tanical Garden tour leaders, an official Japanese
guide and an interpreter will accompany the visitors
full time. Various local experts will join the tour as
needed.

At the time the Bulletin went to press it is esti-
mated that the full cost of the trip, including a $250
tax-deductible contribution to the Missouri Botanical
Garden, will be approximately $2,000. Further de-
tails and information regarding the Japanese Tour can
be obtained from the Membership Office at the Gar-
den, 772-7600.

An illustrated lecture on Japan with special empha-
sis on the places to be visited will be presented by
John Elsley on Wednesday, Jan. 26, at 10:30 a.m.
and 7:30 p.m. in the auditorium of the John S. Leh-
mann Building. All Members are invited to attend.

ANSWER MAN ON WINTER LEAVE

The Missouri Botanical Garden’s Answer Man Service, cancelled for the remaining winter months, will be
reinstated sometime in early March. In the meantime, plant questions can be referred to Answer Man Paul
Kohl by telephoning the Garden, 772-7600, extension 13, between 9 a.m. and noon, Monday through

Friday.

Garden To Be
Site of Special

Architect Sunday

On Jan. 9, the American Institute of Architects
will begin its eighth year of ‘Architect Sundays” with
a visit to the Missouri Botanical Garden, a day-long
event featuring tours of the Garden’s architecturally
interesting buildings.

From 2 to 5p.m., informational tours will be given
by representatives of several architectural firms, in-
cluding Murphy, Downey, Wofford and Richman (the
Climatron); and Eugene J. Mackey & Associates and
Hellmuth, Obata & Kassabaum (the John S. Lehmann
Building).

At 3 p.m., an illustrated presentation, entitled
“The Garden for Spring,”” will be given in the Leh-
mann Building by Robert J. Dingwall, chief horticul-
turist. In addition, visitors will be able to view the
Poinsettia Show in the Floral Display House, and
shop in the Plant Shop and Garden Gate Shop.

The day’s events are free to the public, included in
the Garden's usual gate admission price.

Guide Program Filled

Twenty-five volunteers have filled the registration
rolls for the new Guides’ training course, scheduled to
begin Jan. 4 and to continue each Tuesday morning
for eight weeks.

Guide trainees will attend the weekly sessions from
9:30 a.m. until noon, where members of the Garden’s
professional staff will provide training in Garden his-
tory and background and the information necessary
to enable the Guides to conduct tour programs for
visitors.

The training will include preparation to conduct
general tours or individual tours of the Climatron and
other display houses, the English Woodland Garden,
the Rose Gardens, the Scented Garden for the Blind,
the Herbarium, the Missouri Tree Walk and the new
aesthetic experience to be found in the Japanese Gar-
den.

Some 50 guides currently conduct daily tours,
Monday through Saturday. Each guide contributes an
average of one day each week, conducting two tours
of the Garden grounds.

Peak tour times are usually in the fall or late
spring, but school classes, horticulture students, gar-
den clubs and senior citizens groups provide steady,
year-round activity for the Guides.

4

VOLUNTEERS
CHICAGO-BOUND

A special Chicago excursion for Missouri Botanical
Garden Volunteers, highlighted by visits to the annual
Chicago Flower Show and other cultural sites, has
been arranged for March 30 and 31, 1977.

The Chicago Flower Show, a special area-wide hor-
ticultural event, will be held at McCormick Place dur-
ing the last week in March. In order to take advantage
of this special display, sponsored by the Chicago Hor-
ticultural Society, a bus has been chartered. The first
40 Volunteers to reserve a seat will have an opportu-
nity to visit the show and enjoy a fun-filled two days
in Chicago.

Tour horticultural guide will be Bob Dingwall,
Chief Horticulturist for the Missouri Botanical Gar-
den. The group will stay at the McCormick Inn,
across the street from the Flower Show.

Also included in the trip is a visit to the Chicago
Art Institute, which houses one of the finest art col-
lections in the country.

The Flower Show will combine profusions of flow-
ers — fountains of color to drive out the winter dol-
drums and usher in a vibrant spring — rose gardens,
idea gardens, orchids and tropical displays, flower ar-
rangements, and garden ideas.

Entries are from horticultural schools, garden clubs
and botanical organizations.

Commercial categories are also included in the
show — the Garden Market, which sells live plant
material, seeds and bulbs; the Flower Market, an out-
let for cut flowers and materials directly related to
cut flowers; and a special Home and Yard Improve-
ment Center.

The Merchandisers Mall is a section for exhibitors
offering giftware items, pottery and crafts.

More information concerning the trip or the Gar-
den’s volunteer program may be obtained by calling
the education department, 772-7600.

— Carol Taxman
Chairman of Volunteers

FROM SHAW HOUSE TO DOLL HOUSE

Authentic Victorian dolls, the playtime trea-
sures of children a century ago, will be on dis-
play at Tower Grove House during the month of
February.

Approximately a dozen dolls, all belonging to
a local collector, will be included in the exhibit.
The dolls represent a variety of sizes and are
garbed in various costumes of the day — a period
extending from the 1840s to the 1890s.

The Victorian dolls have never before been
displayed for the public.

Planting the Seeds of
Ecological Awareness

To help them develop an awareness and appreciation of their environ-
ment, students regularly visit the Garden for first-hand experiences with
plants. Here, two groups of recent visitors — students from Cote Bril-
liante School and those enrolled in St. Louis’ Magnet School Program —
build terrariums and try their hands at plant propagation.

REPORT FROM SAUDI ARABIA

(Continued from Page 1)

Arabia and studying the vegetation of this vast king-
dom, which lies east of Africa, a wedge between the
Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf. Its population of
about seven million people is spread over an area as
large as the United States east of the Mississippi River.

Many of the plants we collected were destined for
the Herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, a
treasury of dried plants from every niche of the world
gathered without regard to politics or religion.

It is the politics of oil that brings most of the
foreign visitors to Saudi Arabia, businessmen and en-
trepreneurs anxious to share in the great wealth gen-
erated by the oil economy. Americans enjoy favored
status, because the Saudis are ever mindful of our
assistance in getting the oil above ground or up from
the depths of the Arabian Gulf.

Our objective was plants, however, not oil. Our
main question was whether the vast sea of sand,
which makes up so much of Saudi Arabia, supports
much vegetation, and what kind.

The number of species of flowering plants in the
entire country is about 1,100, the total equal to
about one-half the number of species in the state of
Missouri. Despite the lack of variety, the rains, we
were told, often turn the desert into a green carpet.
Unfortunately, our trip took place during the dry sea-

son.

Saudi Arabia’s millions of camels, sheep and goats
for the most part feed on vegetation in the wild or on
plants, like alfalfa, grown in irrigated areas. The rains
amount to only a few inches per year, although in the

Hejaz Mountains, paralleling the Red Sea, annual rain-
fall may amount to 20 inches. The rigors of soil and
climate are severe even in the mountains, and only
the hardiest species have run the gauntlet of time and
evolution.

Fewer than 50 species of native trees exist in the
country, with acacia trees dominant. The date palm,
the only species of palm in the kingdom, reigns su-
preme both on the tables of the Saudis, and on their
coats-of-arms. Grasses, composites, legumes, and mus-
tards are common, but there is probably only one
species of orchid. Ferns are rare and mosses even
more so. Flowers tend to be small, with whites and
yellows predominating.

Beauty in this desert vastness is not basically color,
but form. To suddenly come upon a graceful succu-
lent aloe with a spire of flowers, or a dainty compos-
ite seamed in a rocky background, is an exciting ad-
venture. The vegetation is mostly low-growing — the
often stunted, gnarled, and spiny stems giving little
evidence of the elongate root systems reaching deep
for a few dregs of water.

During our seven-week stay, we crossed vast
stretches of sand so hot that shoes gave way to san-
dals. To expect water to surface seemed out of the
question. And yet, suddenly, a green sword of date
palms would cut across the sand, signalling fresh
water. An adobe farm house would appear, the laugh-
ter of children could be heard. Or the stillness of the
desert would be broken by the hum of a water pump,
set in an emerald-green, purple-splotched patch of al-
falfa, nestled among date palms and tamarisk trees.

Water holes, brimming craters in the sand, would
appear from nowhere. As we crossed the wadis, sere

The black camels of Saudi
Arabia share the desert
landscape with Dr, Dwyer,
left, and Prof. Abdullah El-
Sheikh,

in the dry season, the tires of our vehicles would
grind into the sand, a sure sign water was a foot or so
beneath the the bone-dry sand.

Saudi Arabia may be inhospitable to plant life, but
our own visit there was marked by courtesy and hos-
pitality everywhere. The emirs and princes supplied
our living quarters in well-kept hostels and also pro-
vided our meals.

On that night by the desert campfire, we watched
as the Emir’s servants (some armed with rifles and
sheathed knives) spread out four large Persian carpets
on the sand for the evening meal. To combat the
blackness of the night, a pickup carrying a modern
portable generator raced across the desert to us and —
voila! — electric lights were strung out over the car-
pets, competition for the bright Arabian moon and
Stars.

Forty men sat along the periphery of the carpets,
with the scientists as guests of honor and seated next
to the Emir, a charming host. From another truck
servants brought huge platters of rice, each mounted
with a roasted lamb, and side dishes of luscious fruits
and vegetables. For a nightcap we drank from acom-
mon bowl of fresh camel's milk, a frothy, cream-like
liquid (alcoholic drinks are taboo in Saudi Arabia).
Our desert picnic was near Nejran, a town close to the
Red Sea and the country of Yemen.

When we were not the guests of local emirs or
princes our small band would pitch our sleeping bags
on the desert floor, after a meal, usually of rice, meat

Dr. Dwyer shares a com-
mon bowl of camel’s milk
and a plate of dates with
Prince Khalid Al-Sodairi.

and/or tuna, and bread. We drank enormous amounts
of hot tea, even in the middle of the day when the
temperature reached 130°, but no ill effects from the
food occurred in the seven weeks of field work.

Saudi Arabia is, however, not a land for tourists,
unless the Muslims who journey from the ends of the
earth to Mecca, to make the holy pilgrimage, are con-
sidered tourists. And yet the country offers the for-
eign visitor much to see and think about.

| saw no great gardens in Saudi Arabia, although
we surmised there may be some behind the walls of
the royal villas. Walled-in miniature gardens were
common in the new homes of the middle class. The
lack of spectacular gardens is perhaps, for the mo-
ment, a good thing. So much building and construc-
tion is taking place in this oil-endowed country that
extensive gardens can be expected only when the dust
of progress settles.

Perhaps the most striking feature about this hospi-
table country is the fervor of the people for the Is-
lamic religion, exemplified by the leader of our field
trip, Professor Abdullah El-Sheikh of the University
of Riyad, and the two skilled Egyptian scientists with
us, M. Sabry El Sayed Awad and Abdullal El! Fattah
Nassar, who is on assignment to the University.

Their deep devotion, in fact, was a reassuring qual-
ity to a lone American botanist, deep in the desert on
his first trip to Saudi Arabia.

— John Dwyer
Department of Botany

Israeli Scientist in
Moss Study Here

Dr. Ilana Herrnstadt, a research associate of the
Hebrew University in Jerusalem, is working in the
Missouri Botanical Garden’s Botany Department on a
“‘Moss Flora of Israel’’ project, a cooperative program
supported by members’ contributions.

This scientific interchange, between the State of
Israel and the Missouri Botanical Garden in the specif-
ic area of a moss flora, is the outcome of a visit to
Israel by Dr. Peter Raven, who was a guest of the Life-
Science Institute of the Hebrew University for a
month in 1975.

At the suggestion of Dr. Raven, Professor Clara
Heyn, head of the Systematics Division, Department
of Botany of Hebrew University, became very enthusi-
astic about a proposed scientific project to study the
mosses of Israel. She was able to obtain a commitment
of Israeli funds toward the realization of this goal.

Until this project, the only active worker on the
mosses of Israel has been a retired pharmacist whose
hobby is mosses. There is no modern published moss
flora of Israel. Dr. Heyn assigned the study to Dr.
Herrnstadt, who had recently completed her doctoral
degree with Dr. Heyn.

Dr. Herrnstadt arrived in September and is working
with Dr. Marshall Crosby, Chairman of the Garden's
Department of Botany and an internationally respect-
ed expert on the subject of mosses.

One of the exciting developments of such a project
as this is that it increases academic communication
between St. Louis institutions and the Hebrew Uni-
versity in Jerusalem. It also strengthens the Garden’s
program in systematics and the evolution of mosses,
and will provide a trained worker in a field of science
presently unrepresented in Israel. The result of the
project will be the publication of an important scien-
tific study on a major group of plants in the Middle
East.

Dr. Raven has pointed out, “There are some
20,000 species of mosses worldwide and, although
they are relatively inconspicuous, they are significant
ecologically, as in breaking down rocks, building soils,
and the like.

“‘Mosses are often sensitive indicators of different
soil types, and it would be very valuable to have a
scientist trained in the study of mosses in Israel, to
complete an inventory of the nearly 200 species of
mosses which occur there, for their identification is a
matter for specialists.”

Mosses are structurally simple plants, but they have
adapted to many environments, including very dry
ones. In the Middle East, the rainy season occurs dur-
ing a 3-4 month period, between November and Feb-
ruary. It is dry for the rest of the year. Only about
5-150 mm of rain falls annually in the Israeli desert.
Mosses, however, exist there.

Dr. Ilana Herrnstadt

Some occupy small, moist enclaves in the other-
wise desiccated desert. Others grow during the short
rainy season and survive the drought conditions that
prevail the rest of the year by various means. Some
become dormant, while others are ephemeral, sur-
viving the drought in the form of spores rather than
as leafy plants.

Anatomical adaptations, like reduction in leaf size
and increase in number and size of papilae on the leaf
surfaces, are common among these desert mosses.

Dr. Herrnstadt was born in Israel of parents who
immigrated to what was then Palestine in 1933 from
Breslau, Germany. She lived all her life in Haifa, a
port city, until she went to Jerusalem to study at the
Hebrew University. There she received a Master's
Degree and Ph.D. in biosystematics and taxonomy.
She is now a research associate of the Hebrew Univer-
sity, Department of Botany.

ORIENTATION PROGRAM
TO REACH ALL MEMBERS

During the next four years, under a program sched-
ule organized by the Development Committee of the
Women’s Executive Board, every member of the Mis-
souri Botanical Garden will be invited to attend a
special orientation program on the Garden and its
activities.

The Committee, headed by Mrs. John Brodhead,
sponsors the programs every two months, hosting
small groups of members at a refreshment session, a
slide-show overview presentation and a behind-the-
scenes tour of the Library and Herbarium.

The tours are arranged and coordinated by Mrs.
C.F.P. Stueck.

Members interested in attending one of the sessions
— the next scheduled for Feb. 7 — have been asked to
contact the Development Office.

Dr. Avinoan Danin, Botanist,
Conducts Project
Research Here

Among the scientists who regularly call upon the
Missouri Botanical Garden for research assistance, one
of the most recent has been Dr. Avinoan Danin, lec-
turer in Botany at Hebrew University in Jerusalem
and currently under contract with Tahal Consulting
Engineers Ltd., an Israeli water project firm with an
office in Managua, Nicaragua.

Dr. Danin was invited here by the Garden’s direc-
tor, Dr. Peter H. Raven, whom the Israeli scientist
helped to host when Dr. Raven was lecturing at the
Hebrew University in 1975.

Dr. Danin was one of the six Hebrew University
scientists who recently conducted a complete ecologi-
cal survey of the Sinai Peninsula.

It is the aim of Tahal to see if botanists could help
make soil surveys more accurate, by determining the
quality of the soil and the vegetation, and by learning
the relationship of the plant community and soil con-
ditions in tropical countries.

The Tahal Company plans and develops water proj-
ects, specifically irrigation projects in the tropics. In
order to do this properly the vegetation-soil relation-
ships need to be thoroughly understood.

Before coming to the Missouri Botanical Garden,
Dr. Danin went to Nicaragua to study soil-vegetation
relationships as a prerequisite to agricultural planning.
It was Professor Danin’s first visit to Central America
and the United States. He came to the Missouri Bo-
tanical Garden, a world center for the study of the
plants of the Central America, to name his plant spec-
imens and to complete his evaluation of them.

Danin brought with him 300 specimens which were
distributed to experts on the Garden staff, who exam-
ined and identified the plants for him.

FRESHMEN LEGISLATORS VISIT GARDEN

Approximately 20 freshmen Missouri legislators
had breakfast at the Missouri Botanical Garden re-
cently and toured the new Japanese Garden and other
Garden attractions.

The breakfast was served in the Slate area of the
John S. Lehmann Building, after which the legislators
were taken on a guided tour of the Japanese Garden
as well as the Climatron and other attractions by Dr.
Peter H. Raven, Garden director.

Before leaving the Garden to visit Hannibal and
return to Jefferson City, the legislators assembled in
the Lehmann Building auditorium to hear Donald
Tapperson, executive director of the Missouri Arts
Council, speak on the state of the arts in Missouri.

ALSO GROWING AT THE GARDEN:
OUR MEMBERSHIP, OUR THANKS

During the more than 100 years of its history, the
Missouri Botanical Garden has conscientiously sought
and consistently received the level of community in-
terest and membership support necessary to ensure
the survival of this unique botanical institution.

Never has the need for such support been so great
as it is today.

And never has the level of support been so great.

As of Dec. 1, 1976, membership in the Missouri
Botanical Garden has grown to 8,700 — more than
double the number of members in 1974 and the high-
est level of membership in Garden history.

In the spring of 1974, with membership level
standing at about 4,200, the Garden’s first organized
membership development plan was launched. The
professional services of Direct Mail Corporation were
engaged to develop and implement a long-range pro-
gram to ensure the steady growth of Garden member-
ship. Such efforts have been successful, and will cer-
tainly continue.

But for a moment, the Garden would like to pause
and offer its sincere gratitude to the thousands of
Garden members for their generosity, their interest
and their support, and most particularly for the per-
Suasiveness with which they recruit new members.

The Garden receives no direct tax support, so its
Operations depend upon voluntary contributions
from those who wish to help perpetuate this distin-
guished botanical institution. Through their support,
members contribute directly to newer and more beau-
tiful horticultural displays, an expanding educational
program and scientific research of world-wide signifi-
cance, conducted to benefit mankind.

In turn, the Garden has much to offer members.
Most important, it provides a place of great natural
beauty, preserved forever for their enjoyment. Mem-
bership offers special opportunities, such as discounts
on study and nature courses and on items from the
Plant Shop, unique gifts from the Garden Gate Shop
and special domestic and foreign garden tours.

Members also receive the monthly Missouri Botani-
cal Garden Bulletin, invitations to all floral show pri-
vate preview parties and other social activities; first
notices of lecture series, adult and youth courses and
programs; and unlimited year-round admission to the
Garden, Tower Grove House and the Shaw Arbore-
tum at Gray Summit, Mo.

Something new and exciting — evidence this year:
the $1.2 million Japanese Garden — always awaits the
member behind the Garden wall.

And fortunately, new and exciting people are con-
stantly stepping forward to become Garden members,
to contribute to the Garden’s future and to work as
ambassadors of goodwill in the effort to reach even
higher membership totals.

Gardening in St. Louis

JANUARY GARDENING

January is the month, not only for New Year's
resolutions and television bowl games, but for plan-
ning the new garden that you are hoping to cultivate
this year. It is the month to leaf through seed catalogs
and gardening magazines, reading carefully the glossy
write-ups of the new plants being introduced for
1977.

And it is the month to place orders for seeds that
will be planted later.

In the home greenhouse, colorful plants and flow-
ers bolster the spirits when it is cold and snow-blown
outside. Here one can find pleasure in the colors and
textures that can be found nowhere else in a winter
world.

But besides reading and reflection, January is also a
month to get busy!

This is the month when you can start forcing the
bulbs that you planted last October. It is a good time
to start the bulbs of early spring color, such as the
tuberous begonias or caladiums. Cuttings of favorite
house plants can be made now. Also, seeds can be
planted, some of the early annuals, for early use in-
doors and later transplanting outside. Pansy seeds
planted this month can be put out in late February or
early March, and will flower much more heavily than
plants started last fall.

WATER AND AIR

During cloudy weather, water mature plants spar-
ingly; few plants die from insufficient watering in the
winter, but a soggy soil coupled with dark days is an
invitation for fungus disease to attack the plant.

Even though it is cold outside, be sure that there is
adequate ventilation in the greenhouse, particularly
during the warmer parts of the day.

For the birds, keep a good supply of food out —
suet, seeds, apples and peanut butter. It is important
that feeding be provided on a daily basis to make sure
the birds have sufficient nourishment during the win-
ter months.

Christmas flowers should be carefully tended.
Azaleas should be repotted and kept in good growing
condition. The feeding of these plants can be begun,
at two to three week intervals, while they are making
new growth.

During warm spells, it is extremely important to
get out and water the garden heavily, because of the
dry season that we have experienced. Many plants
will suffer this winter if they cannot take moisture up
through their roots on mild days.

Mulches should be applied heavily on all plants,
because of recent severe winter weather and to give
good protection throughout the balance of the colder
months. Wood ashes should be placed in covered con-
tainers for use in the garden in early spring.

10

FLOWERING TREES AND SHRUBS

Toward the end of the month, you may start forc-
ing branches of flowering trees and shrubs, such as
forsythia, flowering crabapples and others. Cut the
branches and spray them with warm water; place
them in containers, six to eight inches below water,
and keep them at temperatures of 65 to 75 degrees
until they begin to show color. Then they can be
arranged into handsome bouquets for indoor use as a
promise of the spring to come.

Humidity may be a problem with house plants or
home greenhouses. In the greenhouse, dampening the
walks will help to raise the humidity level. Pans of
water placed beneath benches will have the same ef-
fect. In the home, it may be necessary to utilize tray
gardens — metal or glass trays layered with pebbles,
with the plants on holders and the water kept just at
the top of the pebble layers.

Washing the plants with warm soap and water will
help keep them dust-free and in good condition. Give
the plants a half turn at regular intervals to prevent
their growing in one direction.

During the mild days, check the garden — any
plants that have heaved, due to heavy freezing and
thawing, should be firmed back into the soil; a light
mulch should be applied to prevent further heaving at
a later date.

Leaves that have accumulated on the lawn should
be raked and removed, so they do not become packed
and cause damage to the grass itself.

— Robert J. Dingwall
Chief Horticulturist

New Trustee

The Rev. Donald E.
Mayer, pastor of Hope
United Church of Christ at
6273 Ejichelberger St., has
been appointed a member
of the Board of Trustees of
the Missouri Botanical
Garden, it was announced
by Tom K. Smith Jr., Board

president.
A 1955 graduate of Elm-
hurst College in Elmhurst, Ill., the Rev. Mr. Mayer

obtained his Bachelor of Divinity degree from the
Eden Theological Seminary, Webster Groves, in 1959.
He returned there for postgraduate work and earned a
Master’s degree in Systematic Theology in Pastoral
Care in 1968.

Married and the father of two sons and a daughter,
the Rev. Mr. Mayer has served the congregation of
Hope United Church of Christ for nearly 14 years.
Last October, the Rev. Mr. Mayer was elected presi-
dent of the St. Louis Board of Education.

PROGRAMS PLANNED FOR
GARDENERS OF ALL AGES

As part of its program of Continuing Education in
Horticulture, Botany and Natural History, two adult
courses and one Saturday morning activity for chil-
dren are being offered in January by the Missouri
Botanical Garden.

“Botany for People,”’ a lecture course on selected
topics in botany, covers flower structure and pollina-
tion, plant structure, classification of major plant
groups, and some ecological subjects.

Each topic will be illustrated with living and pre-
served specimens or slides and will be supplemented
with short printed summaries for the student.

Six meetings will be held on Monday mornings, 10
to 11:30 a.m., from Jan. 10 through Feb. 14. The
instructor is Kenneth Peck, Head of the Education
Department.

House Plant Culture, a practical course on the se-
lection, care and feeding of houseplants, will include
discussions of cacti and succulents, ferns, brome-
liads, and other tropicals which are suitable for to-
day’s homes. Methods of arranging these plants in
attractive, livable displays will be discussed.

Each member of the class will receive one small
plant and a booklet with color plates of over 100
houseplants.

Two meetings are scheduled: Section A on Tues-
day mornings, Jan. 18 and 25, from 10 to 11:30 a.m.;
Section B will meet on Thursday evenings, Jan. 20
and 27, from 7 to 8:30 p.m. Instructor for both sec-
tions is Kenneth Peck.

Saturday Morning Activities, involving children,
their parents, group leaders, teachers, and any persons
interested in the Garden’s nature study programs, are
held monthly.

A Library-Herbarium Tour will be offered from 10
to 11:30 a.m. on Jan. 15. The Library is one of the
finest botanical research facilities in the world, con-
taining more than 100,000 books and other materials,
including many items of interest to children and the
average gardener. The Herbarium contains one of the
largest collections of preserved plants in North
America.

For more information and registration on educa-
tional programs, please call the Education Depart-
ment at 772-7600, Extension 81.

New courses and educational programs are sched-
uled to begin in February, with information available
later this month.

Member of
The Arts and Education
Fund of Greater St.Louis

MEMBERSHIP CATEGORIES
Annual Contributions

Henry Shaw Associate $1,000
Director’s Associate $ 500
Sponsoring Member $ 250
Sustaining Member $ 100
Contributing Member $ 50
Annual Member $ 25

Contributions are tax deductible for income
tax purposes in the manner and to the extent

provided by law.

HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES

Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom
Mr./Mrs. Watson T. Blair

Ms. Harriet J. Tatman
Mr./Mrs. C.C. Johnson Spink

DIRECTOR’S ASSOCIATES

Mr./Mrs. Roland Quest
Mr. Roy L. Tarter

NEW CONTRIBUTING
MEMBERSHIPS
November 1976

Miss Celestine A. Ghio

Mr. Willard E. Henges
Mr./Mrs. Milton Mathews
Mr./Mrs. William T. Skinner

NEW MEMBERSHIPS

Mr. James J. Albanese, Jr.
Rev./Mrs. Michael Allen
Mrs. Edward L. Armstrong
Mrs. Charlotte Ballard
Mr./Mrs. Michael G. Banovz
Mr./Mrs. Ronald Bardol
Jack Barlow Designs, Inc.
Mr. Richard M. Barthels
Dr./Mrs. Lawrence Barton
Mr./Mrs. Francis Basler
Mr./Mrs. Baumann
Mr./Mrs. Allan Belko
Mrs./Miss M. Bernero
Mr./Mrs. Robert H. Betts
Mrs. Hattie Blum

Mr./Mrs. H. Lynn Boardman
Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Bracey
Mr./Mrs. W.C. Branneky
Miss Ethel Brimmer
Mr./Mrs. Wm. Brueckmann
Mr. Jim Brugger

Mr./Mrs. Walter Brueggemann
Mr./Mrs. David E. Buck
Mrs. William F. Campbell
Dr./Mrs. Shih-Chung Chang
Mr./Mrs. Norman D. Clucas
Ms. Kathryn Coibion
Mr./Mrs. Bob Cradock
Mr./Mrs. Carroll Crosley
Col./Mrs. Melvin T. Deschamps
Ms. Susan M. Dickens
Mr./Mrs. Ray R. Dolan, Jr.
M./Mrs. George Douros

Ms. Patricia R. Doyle

Ms. Oliver D. Dressel

Miss Evamae Duis

Mr./Mrs. R.K. Esler

Mr. Albert D. Firestone
Mr./Mrs. F. Flotken
Mr./Mrs. Joseph Folk

Mrs. Estelle Fritsche
Mr./Mrs. Steve Gintz

Mr. William N. Gish
Mr./Mrs. Thomas E. Gephardt

Ms. H.C. Goeke

Ms. Mary M. Gredell
Mr./Mrs. Phillip M. Greene
Mr./Mrs. Wm. M. Guthrie
Mr./Mrs. John O. Hall
Mr./Mrs. James D. Hallahan
Mr./Mrs. David S. Haven
Mrs. Mildred C. Hines
Mr./Mrs. Wm. A. Hitchcock
Huntleigh Hills Garden Club
Mr./Mrs. T.J. Jockenhoefer, Jr.
Miss Mary Chapman Johnson
Mr./Mrs. Richard P. Jost
Mrs. Wm. M. Kern

Dr. Allan E. Kolker

Mr. G.R. Kramer

Dr./Mrs. Emil F. Kuhn
Dr./Mrs. Virgil H. Laager
Mr./Mrs. Jerrold Lander
Mr./Mrs. Justilien H. Landry IV
Mr./Mrs. Michael W. Lieberman
Mr./Mrs. Fred T. Luke
Mr./Mrs. John W. MacClarence
Mrs. Gladys L. Maeser
Mr./Mrs. Stephen J. Marling
Mr./Mrs. Paul J. Marshall
Mr./Mrs. Warren Maxwell
Mr./Mrs. Hugh McPheeters
Miss Marilyn Mechler
Mr./Mrs. Albert E. Mester
Mr./Mrs. Milton Mill

Mrs. Charles Miriani

Mr. P. Thomas Molitor

Mrs. Leona Moxter

Mr./Mrs. Patrick C. Mullen
Mr./Mrs. Daniel O. Murphy
Mrs. Robert H. Myers
Mr./Mrs. T.A. Nauert
Mr./Mrs. R. Neupert

Mr. William E. Newman

Ms. Dorothy Nunnally
Mr./Mrs. James Oates
Mr./Mrs. Ken Oestreich

Mr. Gene St. Palmer
Dr./Mrs. George Pelican
Donna Phipps

Mr./Mrs. Thomas H. Pinnell
Mr./Mrs. Edward V. Pitucha
Mr./Mrs. John Plag

Mr./Mrs. Jack |. Pope
Mr./Mrs. Richard L. Reeg
Mr./Mrs. Henry J. Reiker, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Christopher Rhodes
Dr./Mrs. Frank O. Richards
Mrs. T.C. Rischbieter
Dr./Mrs. Adolfo E. Rizzo
Mr./Mrs. Michael Rosa

Ms. Marjorie Rueter
Mr./Mrs. Patrick V. Ryan
Mr./Mrs. M.A. Sandstedt
Miss Mary Saviano

Mr./Mrs. Donald Schaedler
Miss Jan Schermer

Mr./Mrs. James C. Schlereth
Mr./Mrs. F.C. Schneeberger, II1
Mr./Mrs. John Schoenberr
Mr./Mrs. Bob E. Senseman
Mrs. Bradford Shinkle

11

Miss Eugenia L. Shrader
Ms. Sharon Shugart

Helen Smith Family
Mr./Mrs. Jerry E. Stamm
Mr./Mrs. Michael Suchart
Mrs. Rosemary K. Sullivan
Mr./Mrs. W. Walker Taylor
Mr. Albert K. Theiling, Jr.
Miss Anne B. Troot
Mr./Mrs. Thomas A. Tucker
Eileen and Louise Turner
Mr./Mrs, Paul E. Utterback
Mr./Mrs. Clarence F. Voigt
Mrs. Leo Weinrobe

Dr./Mrs. Robert Weiss
Mr./Mrs. Joseph M. Willemin, Jr.

Mr./Mrs. Edward N. Wilson
Patricia Winkler

Miss Connie Wolf

Mr./Mrs. Wm. E. Wolfe
Mr./Mrs. Leland B. Womack

INCREASE IN
MEMBERSHIP
SUSTAINING

Mr./Mrs. Wm. S. Knowles
Mr./Mrs. Eugene J. Mackey, III

INCREASE IN
MEMBERSHIP CONTRIBUTIONS
CONTRIBUTING

Miss Mary E. Bascom
Mrs. Dwight W. Coultas
Mr./Mrs. Harry Franc
Mrs. Harry C. Henges
Mr./Mrs. Morton D. May
Mr./Mrs. E.J. Neuner
Mr./Mrs. L.D. Peterson
Mr./Mrs. Edward Senturia
Dr./Mrs. H.R. Senturia
Mr./Mrs. Charles S. Sommer
Mrs. A.S. Stockstom

Ms. Kathy Whittenberger

NOVEMBER 1976 TRIBUTES

In Honor of Mr. Eli Strassner’s Birthday 11-25
Joe and Ruth Pollock

In Honor of Mrs. Richard Wolfheim’s Birthday
Mr./Mrs, Ellis C. Littmann

In Memory of Mrs. Emile G. Bauer, Jr.
Clayton Garden Club Group 3

In Memory of Mrs. Estelle K. Blanke
Mr./Mrs. E.X. Boeschenstein

Mrs. Frances Brawner

Mrs. Virginia E. Meyer

Mrs. Thomas O. Moloney

Mrs, Margaret Moore

Mr./Mrs. Wm. G. von Weise

In Memory of Mrs. Elizabeth Canine
Mr./Mrs. Matt Rogers

In Memory of Laurissa Cochran
Martha Kaltwasser

In Memory of James E. Crawford
Mr./Mrs. Charles T. Spalding
Mr./Mrs, C. Powell Whitehead

In Memory of Mr. H. Towner Deane
Newell S. Knight
Residents of Middle House, St. Paul’s School

In Memory of Mrs. Forrest Donnell
Mrs. F. Donald McDonald

In Memory of Mr. Henry William Endres, Sr.
Elizabeth Ohlweiler Dunse

In Memory of Mrs. Elizabeth Erbe
Marie Bakula

In Memory of Mr. Dudley French
Mr. Robert M. Carrigan

Mr./Mrs. G. Victor Davis

Mrs. Anthony B. Day

Mr./Mrs, John Gibson, III

Mr./Mrs. W. Boardman Jones, Jr.
Mr/Mrs. Hugh M.F. Lewis
McMillan Lewis

Norman F. Moody

Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr.

In Memory of Mrs. Claude Garner
Mrs. John J. Stodieck, Jr.

In Memory of Mrs. Arthur Gordon
Staff of Soldan High School

In Memory of Gary Herschel’s Grandmother
Darlene G. Thornhill

In Memory of Mrs. Mary Murray Hilliker
The Ballmanns

Mrs, E, Julian Birk

Mrs. Arthur F. Boettcher

Elise Kiesel

The Rev. and Mrs. J. Maver Feehan
Katherine Murray

Oak Hill Church — Former Mothercraft Club
Mr./Mrs. John C. Vogel

In Memory of Margaret E. Hood
Mr./Mrs. Melvin Hood

In Memory of Mr. Thomas Jarvis
Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Chapman

In Memory of Mrs. Bruck Johanboeke
Florence T. Morris
Mrs. Walter E. Morris

In Memory of Mrs. Sylvia Kaslaw
Robert G. Adams

In Memory of Mr. Arthur J. Krueger
Mr./Mrs. K.M. Schaefer

In Memory of Mrs. Dingle Martz
Dr. Helen M. Aff-Drum
Dorothy J. Jones

In Memory of Matthew S. McCauley
Mr./Mrs. Charles R. Hilty

In Memory of Philip Nunn’s Mother
Doug and Fern Newman

In Memory of Mrs. Ann Whitney Olin
Mr./Mrs. Samuel C. Davis

In Memory of Carol O’Neal’s Grandmother
Julie Hindmarsh

In Memory of Henry E. O'Neill
Mrs, Katheryn O'Neill

In Memory of Lawrence H. Palkes
Mr./Mrs. Charles Gitto

In Memory of Mrs. Henry Pflager
Mrs. Kenneth M, Davis

In Memory of Mr. Albert Ravarino
Dr./Mrs. Armand D. Fries

In Memory of Dr. D.K. Rose
Mr./Mrs. Charles Tooker

In Memory of Miss Gertrude Steinman
Miss Genevieve Blahovec

Mrs. Charles J. Brecht

Marguerite Noble Schroeder

In Memory of Mrs. J. Clark Streett
Mr./Mrs. Henry Hitchcock

In Memory of Mrs. G. Carroll Stribling
Mr./Mrs. John W. Musick

The Women’s Executive Board,
Missouri Botanical Garden

In Memory of Mrs. Edna B. Thamer
Mr./Mrs. Ernst Dier|

Mrs. Pearl K, Spring

Mrs. Irma H. Stevenson

In Memory of Mr. Charles C. Upson
Mr./Mrs. Charles Tooker

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

2345 Tower Grove Avenue
Saint Louis, Missouri 63110

SECOND CLASS
POSTAGE

PAID
AT ST. LOUIS, MO.

Missouri
Botanical
Garden
Bulletin

rt Rag)

Under construction since 1974 and only three
months from completion, the new Japanese Garden
development has received its formal name: Se/wa-En,
Japanese for ‘‘garden of pure, clear harmony and
peace.”

Prof. Koichi Kawana, professor of environmental
design at UCLA and architect of the Japanese Gar-
den, developed the name for the new garden as well
as the identifying logotype which appears in this
month’s Bulletin.

‘‘The name of the garden is
SEIWA-EN,” Prof. Kawana wrote to
Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director.
“Sei is ‘pure and clear,’ wa is ‘har-
mony and peace,’ and En is ‘park or
garden.’ Both Ses and wa are the most
important principles of the Japanese
tea ceremony which permeates all
other physical and spiritual entities of
Japanese culture.

“It is the virtue of man.

“The garden was created as a re-
sult of wa — the peaceful and harmon-
ious efforts of the people of St. Louis
and those of Japan and between man and nature.”

The new garden’s logotype is a form of crest de-
picting a pine, the essential tree in the Japanese Gar-
den, traditionally called tokiwa, a word meaning
“evergreen’’ and symbolically expressing longevity
and happiness.

The garden’s seal, reading Se/wa-En in artistic
form, was also developed by Prof. Kawana and ap-
pears in this month’s Bu/letin.

The name, Se/wa-En in Japanese calligraphy, will

Garden of Pure, Clear
Harmony and Peace

be inscribed on a plaque erected in the Japanese Gar-
den, a $1.2 million development taking shape on 12
acres of the Garden grounds and scheduled for dedi-
cation on May 5, 1977.

The plaque will also bear the names of the major
contributors to the garden, which are:

— Missouri Department of Natural
Resources

— Missouri Arts Council

— National Endowment for the Arts

— City of Saint Louis, Missouri

— Japan World Exposition
Commemorative Fund

— Nagano Prefecture, Japan

— Suwa City, Japan

— Saint Louis — Suwa Sister Committee

— Elizabeth E. and Joseph H. Bascom

— Oliver K. and Suzanne T. Bovard

— Chemtech Industries, Inc.

— Leicester B. and Mary P. Faust

— Blanche Y. and Albert P. Greensfelder

— Elmer G. and Ernstine R. Kiefer

— A.P. and Esther M. Klose

— Priscilla B. McDonnell

— Louis T. Meyer

— Elizabeth Moore

— Laura R. and William R. Orthwein, Jr.

— Lucianna Gladney Ross

— Lois McK. Shapleigh

— Angela Sterbenz

— Hilda E. Stroh

The Japanese Garden was inspired by the St.
Louis Chapter, Japanese American Citizens League.

Volume LXV Number 2
February 1977

THE GARDENS OF KYOTO
AWAIT MEMBERS ON TOUR

The breathtaking gardens of Kyoto, ancient capi-
tal and cultural center of Japan, will be part of the
itinerary for those Garden Members who plan to take
advantage of the Garden’s autumn tour of the Japa-
nese countryside, scheduled for Oct. 2-22, 1977.

Five days of the three-week visit to Japan will be
spent in Kyoto, which is the site of some of the most
unique and historic gardens in Japan.

Tenryu-ji, a temple garden dating from 1343; the
Heian Shrine erected in 1895 to commemorate the
1,100th anniversary of the founding of Kyoto; the
royal garden at Katsura Rikyu, one of the most
famous garden landscapes in the world — these are
only three of the choice gardens open to the touring
group.

Another imperial garden is Shugakiun Rikyu on
the western slopes of Mount Hiei, an informal garden
constructed on three different levels. The highest
level provides a panoramic view of the Kyoto coun-
tryside. In addition to streams and a large lake, a
distinctive feature of the Shugakiun garden is an ex-
tensive use of native Japanese maple trees, which will
be viewed at the height of their autumn coloring.

One of the newest settings historically is the
Murin-an, a charming Meiji period (1868-1912)
“natural” style landscape, dominated by a meander-
ing stream flowing through a grass covered meadow.
This garden is totally enclosed and subtly utilizes the
magnificence of the surrounding wooded Higashi-
yama hills.

For information on the Members’ trip to Japan,
please call the Members’ Office at the Garden. Reser-
vations are limited.

SPRING GARDEN WORKSHOP

The fifth annual Spring Garden Workshop will be
held in the Floral Display House of the Missouri Bo-
tanical Garden on Saturday and Sunday, March 5
and 6.

New techniques in spring gardening will be dis-
cussed at the workshop, conducted by Robert Ding-
wall, chief horticulturist at the Garden. Many up-to-
date ideas for the home garden will be presented by
Bob Dingwall and other staff members at the work-
shop.

Plant Shop staff members will be on hand, too, to
help with any problems concerning spring garden
work. Be prepared to arrive with pencil and paper and
depart with a world of information to get the home
garden off to a good start and to produce excellent
results for the year.

The hours of the workshop are 11 a.m. to 4:30
p.m. on Saturday, March 5, and noon to 4:30 p.m. on
Sunday, March 6.

A mammoth Red Goose, spokesman for a shoe company, found the
Garden to his liking during the recent filming of a television advertise-
ment. The Garden setting was chosen as an ideal spot to portray spring
shoe designs.

DAY CARE AVAILABLE FOR
CHILDREN OF VOLUNTEERS

Mothers with young children can now volunteer
their time more easily to the Garden, and be sure
their small fry are well cared for.

The Garden has made special arrangements with
the day care center at Tower Grove Baptist Church,
on the corner of Tower Grove and Magnolia Avenues,
for children of Volunteers to attend the center while
their mothers are working at the Garden.

The day care facility offers a varied program of
play and learning activities, lunch and rest times. Fees
are reasonable, and children are accepted for half or
whole days.

With the coming of spring and the completion of
the Japanese Garden many more Volunteers will be
needed than ever before.

For information about the Volunteer Program
and the positions available, please call Carol Taxman,
Chairman of Volunteers, at 772-7600, Extension 53.

The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is pub-
lished 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical
Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110.
Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year.
$6.00 foreign.

Consortium Provides Input for Environmental Project

The Environmental Education Training Project, a
year-long program co-sponsored by the Missouri Bo-
tanical Garden and the St. Louis Public Schools, has
established a community Consortium to train teach-
ers in the use of local environmental education re-
sources.

The Consortium, representing more than 25 civic,
cultural, environmental and educational organiza-
tions, meets at the Garden regularly to provide guid-
ance and assistance to the project staff.

Project co-directors are Edward P. Ortleb, science
supervisor for the St. Louis Public Schools; and Dr.
William M. Klein, assistant director of the Garden.

Twenty city teachers are currently taking part in
the project, a federally-funded program supported by
a $57,876 grant from the U.S. Office of Environ-
mental Education. The cooperative project will devel-
op a teacher training model to help fourth-, fifth- and
sixth-grade teachers assemble curriculum material
from a variety of resources, and to prepare them to
train other teachers.

Consortium members include the St. Louis Com-
mittee for Environmental Information; Environment
magazine; the East-West Gateway Coordinating Coun-
cil; St. Louis Art Museum; St. Louis Public Library;
Cemrel; the American Lung Association; the Center
for Simulation Studies; the U.S. Army Corps of En-
gineers; Project Values and Program on Man, Technol-
ogy and Society, St. Louis University; Missouri De-
partment of Conservation; U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency; the Coalition for the Environment;
the Ozark Chapter of the Sierra Club; and Washington
University.

One recent consortium session was directed toward
providing teachers with substantive information in
four areas: pollution, transportation, plant and ani-
mal relationships, and recycling.

Participating in the session were David Bedan of
the Sierra Club; Sue Rensing of the Art Museum;
Prem Chand, St. Louis Park Department; Beatrice
Robertson, Cahokia Mounds Museum; Jack Wood-
head, Department of Conservation; David Killeen,
EWGCC; Betty Broemmelsick, Soil and Water Dis-
tricts Commission; Bill Darby, Washington University;
Dick McMillan, Soil Conservation Service; Rocco Di-
Lorenzo, St. Louis University; Evelyn McWilliams,
Lung Association; Norm Messinger, National Park
Service; Kate Rogers, Cemrel; and Gary Harvey, Coa-
lition for the Environment.

Project managers are Peggy Rustige of the St. Louis
Public Schools and Calla Smorodin of the Garden's
Ecological Services Department.

Peggy Rustige: ‘’In the formative years, the schools
must be concerned with teaching children about a
citizen's responsibility to the environment. Teachers
must learn to view the community as an educational
laboratory for the utilization of the school’s intellec-
tual, physical and natural resources.”’

Calla Smorodin: ‘‘The diverse interests and broad
range of expertise of the Consortium participants
helps to assure that our training model is multi-
disciplinary, multi-process and designed to help stu-
dents move toward a comprehensive understanding of
the environment.”

The Consortium schedule includes attendance at
follow-up seminars held at the Garden. Participating
in one such session, held recently, were Elizabeth
Robb, Committee for Environmental Information;
Jack Woodhead, Department of Conservation;
Richard Daley, Ecological Services, Missouri Botani-
cal Garden; Bill Savage and Alan Donges, Soil Conser-
vation Service; Don Clay and Deborah Bass, EWGCC;
David Bedan, Coalition for the Environment; and the
Sierra Club.

Members work with
project teachers and
staff to help them
develop curriculum
units. Here, left to right,
Consortium member,
Don Clay, East-West
Gateway Coordinating
Council; Calla Smoro-
din, Project Manager
for the Garden; Project
teachers Eunice Spratt,
Leon Smith and Minnie
Tillman, with Peggy
Rustige, Project Man-
ager for St. Louis Pub-
lic Schools, go over
ideas.

Garden Visitors

(NEE

+ . Ves

During a recent Garden visit by students fram the Missouri
School for the Blind, two young girls use the sense of touch to
experience a plant in the Desert House.

WALLIS.

Bis

iDivertepebs

8
aa

* a ares ih den
welt Fy! a x Liat

|

Members of the National Middle School Association tour the Desert
House with Volunteer Guide Miss Mary Elizabeth Bascom. The teachers
from all over the United States were taking part in the group’s 1976
Annual Conference held in St. Louis.

A surrey with the ap-
propriate fringe on top,
the newest vehicle for
Trustees’ tours of the
Garden, was presented
to the Board of Trustees
recently by John G.
Buettner, president of
Shipping Utilities, Inc.,
manufacturers of the
surrey and other mech-
anical devices; and

Mrs. Dwight W. Coultas
president of the Execu-
tive Board of the Mem-
bers. Surrey-riding,
from left, are Trustees
Howard F. Baer and

C. Powell Whitehead;
Mr. Buettner; Daniel L.
Schlafly; Tom K. Smith
Jr., president of the
Board of Trustees; and
Mrs. Coultas. Standing
at right is Dr. Peter H.
Raven, Garden Director.

’

lela

Ls

LECTURE SERIES SCHEDULED

A Spring Lecture Series, scheduled for March and
April in the John S. Lehmann Building, will focus on
yesterday, today and tomorrow at the Missouri Bo-
tanical Garden.

The schedule, ‘““Our Garden Through The
Years”:

March 9 — “‘Henry Shaw; Reflections on
Our Founder,’”’ James Reed, Garden librarian
currently at work on a Shaw biography.

March 16 — “‘Scientific Research at Mis-
souri Botanical Garden,” Dr. Peter H. Raven,
Garden director.

March 23 — ‘‘A View from the Summit,”
the Arboretum, 2,200 acres at Gray Summit,
David Goudy, Arboretum superintendent.

March 30 — ‘‘Missouri Botanical Garden:
A Blueprint for the Future,” Dr. Peter H.
Raven.

April — A series of films and an exhibition
of botanical prints are scheduled.

The March lecture sessions will be held at 10:30
a.m. and 8 p.m. in the Lehmann Building auditorium.

GARDEN GATE VOLUNTEERS
EXPLORE EASTERN MARKETS

The globe-trotting volunteer buyers for the Gar-
den Gate Shop, dedicated to maintaining the unique-
ness of gift opportunities at the Missouri Botanical
Garden, headed East for five January days to scout
faraway markets for exciting spring items.

Jan. 9 through 13, the volunteers visited the At-
lantic City Glass and China Show and travelled to
New York City to inspect items available at the Gift
Market there.

One immediate result: a sale; with inventory tak-
en on the snowiest day of a snowy January, the shop
has announced a clearance sale of one-of-a-kind items,
drastically reduced in price to make room for the
fresh spring look.

MEMBERS TO GO WEST

For nine days next June, Garden members
will have the chance to head West, tread the Rim
of the Rockies and experience the awesome
beauty of those magnificent Canadian sunsets.

A special tour for members has been sched-
uled June 12-20 through the scenic grandeur of
the Canadian Rocky Mountains, including visits
to Banff, Lake Louise, Jasper Park and the
“Going to the Sun’”’ Highway across the Conti-
nental Divide.

The trip will offer a unique opportunity to
observe the spectacular Alpine flora of the conti-
nental Northwest. For additional information,
contact the Members’ Office at the Garden.

WATERCOLOR EXHIBIT
TO OPEN IN FEBRUARY

A collection of some 30 watercolor paintings by
Carol Bolt, nationally known artist and art tutor, will
be on display in the lobby of the John S. Lehmann
Building from Feb. 22 through March 25.

Garden Members and their guests are invited to
attend the opening of Ms. Bolt’s showing, from 7:30
to 9:30 p.m. on Monday, Feb. 21.

Ms. Bolt, a native New Yorker, has exhibited her
work in galleries on Long Island, in Chicago, in Lon-
don, and at the Norton Gallery in St. Louis. She
holds a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree from Choui-
nard-California Institute of Arts in Los Angeles, and
has tutored art students in addition to doing free-
lance work. Her work has been reproduced in nation-
al advertisements and in Scholastic Magazine, a publi-
cation with a large youth audience. At present she is
employed as a graphic designer for Edison Brothers
Company.

Regular exhibit hours will be from 9 a.m. to 5
p.m., Monday through Friday. The watercolors in the
exhibit will be for sale. Persons interested in pur-
chasing one or more of these paintings should contact
the library staff.

SPRING PREVIEW
PARTY SET

Garden Members and their guests are invited to
attend a preview party for the Spring Flower Show,
scheduled for 5 to 7:30 p.m. Friday, March 18, in the
Floral Display House.

The party is co-sponsored by Lilly Pulitzer of St.
Louis and Eagle-Marine Industries, Inc.

CAMELOT LECTURE SCHEDULED

Spring gardening will be the theme of a Camelot
lecture by Robert Dingwall, the Garden's chief horti-
culturist, scheduled for 1 p.m. Monday, Feb. 28, at
the Signal Hill Methodist Church in Belleville, III.

Last October, the lecture was sold to the Signal
Hill Gardeners at the Annual Camelot Auction, con-
ducted by Channel 9 for the benefit of member or-
ganizations of the Arts and Education Council of
Greater St. Louis.

The Missouri Botanical Garden is a council mem-
ber.

In addition, four house calls by the ‘‘plant
doctor’’ were donated to the auction. Dr. Dingwall
made two such calls last fall and will complete the
remaining two in the spring.

A second Camelot lecture, by John Elsley, cura-
tor of hardy plants, was donated to the auction and
was purchased by the Webster Groves Garden Club.

5

The Orchid: A Bloom of Uncom:

One of America’s favorite flavors — vanilla, it’s
called — can be found in cookies, cakes, yogurt, pud-
ding and milk shakes; it’s used in tobacco, soap, per-
fumes, medicines and liqueurs; and it accounts for
nearly half of all the ice cream sold in the United
States.

But where does it come from?

You guessed it: genuine vanilla comes from an
orchid. It’s called Vani/la Planifolia in botanical cir-
cles and is native to southeastern Mexico, the West
Indies, Central America and northern South America.
It was used by the Aztecs of Mexico to flavor their
cocoa long before Europeans discovered America.
The earliest known reference to it is from an illustra-
tion in the Badianus Manuscript, an Aztec Herbal of
1552. The Aztecs called it ‘’Tlilxochitl,”” meaning
“Black Flower,’’ which probably refers to the color
of the cured fruit capsule, the source of vanilla flavor-
ing. The common name in English, as well as the
scientific name, comes from the Spanish word
“Vainilla’’ which is the diminutive of the word for a
pod.

Why is genuine vanilla so expensive? Because its
production is an elaborate, time-consuming process
requiring much hand-labor and several months to
complete. Unripened fruit capsules (often erroneous-
ly called “‘beans’’ which are the fruits of an entirely
different plant family) must be picked at a specific
point in their development and cured by a complex
process in order for the seeds and surrounding tissue
to develop the proper flavor and aroma. This entire
process has been little improved over that developed
by the ancient Aztecs except in the early part of the
19th century when Edmund Albius, a former slave,
perfected a method of artificial pollination which
made vanilla production a practical commercial ven-
ture,

In 1950, world production of vanilla was about
three million pounds, with Madagascar producing
over one-half and Mexico about one-fourth of the
total world crop. Vanilla is also grown commercially
in Tahiti, Reunion, Dominica, Indonesia, the French
West Indies, the Seychelles and Puerto Rico. Vanillin,
a commercial synthetic manufactured from petro-
leum and papermill wastes, now rivals the production
of true vanilla.

Come and see (and smell) the Vanilla Orchid at
the Climatron Orchid Show, Feb. 5 through Mar. 13.

WHERE DOES THIS FLOWER GROW?

On every continent of the world except Antarc-
tica, in any habitat not occupied by permanent ice or
standing water, the orchid can be found growing and
propagating and going about its aromatic business.

Even in the tropics, where orchids are most abun-
dant, they can be found in a variety of habitats not
usually considered tropical. In Africa, for example,
orchids can be found in mangrove swamps, sand
dunes, grasslands, savannahs, bushlands and meadows,
as well as forest and jungle.

However, orchids do grow in the greatest numbers
and diversity in cloud forest or mountain forest asso-
ciations in the tropics. Some tropical countries, such
as Costa Rica or Ecuador, may each be the habitat of
some 2,000 different species of orchid.

In all of North America, there are only about 200
orchid species.

A LARGE FAMILY

According to botanical estimates, about one out
of every 10 flowering plants in the world is an orchid.
The number of natural species of this flower, world-
wide, is believed to range from 15,000 to 35,000.
And even though there may be more individual plants
belonging to the sunflower and grass families, the or-
chid family is the largest of all in number of species.

1 Good Taste

A MOONFLOWER

Do orchids bloom in the moonlight? Wherever
they bloom, in North American woodlands, Mexican
highlands, tropic lowlands, their floral life is unmiti-
gated by the moon, as can be seen this month in the
Climatron, the home away from home for hundreds
of orchids from around the world.

Neither moon, nor gloom, nor dark of night less-
ens the exquisite beauty of these dainty, fragile and
intricately-formed flowers. Once in bloom, they stay
in bloom for several weeks.

TAKE HOME A “STAR”

Ludisa (Haemaria) d/sco/or, a terrestrial Burmese
“Jewel” orchid of particular merit for use in terrari-
ums and bottle gardens, will be a “‘star’’ among the
many orchids featured in the Plant Shop during Feb-
ruary’s Orchid Show. Cypripediums from the Gar-
den’s collection, miniature cymbidiums, _ laelia,
phalaenopsis, and numerous other species and hybrid
orchids will be offered for sale during the shop’s regu-
lar business hours: 9 to 4:30 daily.

Particular care has been given to select plants with
the “‘beginner’’ in mind. Specific cultural information
will be given with each plant.

Experience the Climatron during this exceptional
event and let the Plant Shop provide you with a living
memory of the day.

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WHERE TO READ ALL ABOUT IT!

With the Garden’s Orchid Show scheduled to
burst into bloom on Feb. 5, interest in this exotic
flower is at a high level. The following is a list of
general reference works on the orchid and its culture.
All are available for Garden Members’ use at the Li-
brary in the John S. Lehmann Building, and are for
sale at the Garden Gate Shop.

The Biology of Orchids, by C. H. Dodson and
R. J. Gillespie. (Mid-American Orchid Con-
gress, Inc., 1967).

Home Orchid Growing; third edition, by R.
Y. Northern. (Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.,
1970).

A History of The Orchid, by M. A. Reinikka.
(University of Miami Press, 1972).

Orchids, by F. S. Shuttleworth, H. S. Zim and
G. W. Dillon. (Golden Press, 1970).

The Orchids; A Scientific Survey, by C. L.
Withner, Editor. (Ronald Press, 1959).

The Orchids, Scientific Studies by C. W. With-
ner, Editor. (John Wiley & Sons, 1974).

Nell C. Horner

A Personal Memory

Nell Horner’s death, at the age of 87 on Septem-
ber 6, 1976, brought an era to a close at the Missouri
Botanical Garden. Nell was a native Missourian, born
in Columbia, where she was buried. The family
moved to St. Louis when she was a small child and
she remembered the Garden then as a pretty place to
visit, with its formal English style flower beds. She
attended Washington University and maintained close
contact with her university friends afterward.

In September, 1919, Nell came to the Garden as
an assistant to Jacob R. Schramm, assistant director
and editor of the Annals. Proof-reading and botany
were strange new fields for her, but her major at
Washington University in Latin and English had given
her a language background. By 1920 she was Editor
of Publications, with responsibility for both the Bu/-
letin and the Annals.

Articles in the Bu//etin were seldom signed, but
Nell was the author of many of them. In 1925 she
was given the additional title, one that she held until
1957, of Librarian and Editor of Publications.

Nell Horner, right, in an
early photograph, along
with, from left, Ed Evinger,
graduate student at the
time but later in charge of
the experimental green-
house; and Mildred E.
Mathias, currently Emeri-
tus Professor of Botany at
UCLA.

The quality of the Anna/s over the years was in
part due to her conscientious editing. It was a com-
mon sight to see her leave the office at five o’clock
with an armload of manuscripts or proofs as home-
work. Her editorial ability and her knowledge of
Latin were invaluable to students and staff in the
preparation of papers, not only for the Anna/s but for
other journals. She had a gentle way of calling atten-
tion to a bad style or a grammatical error. Her exten-
sive knowledge of the literature of botany was parti-
cularly helpful in picking up errors in citations.

For many years Nell’s desk was in the reading
room where she was readily accessible to students,
serving as a resource person as well as a sympathetic
sounding board for their problems.

One of my first memories of Nell was a discussion
with her of old age when she informed me that

anyone past 35 could no longer function in this soci-
ety and should consider suicide. As a young under-
graduate | had little reason to question such wisdom,
but | now realize that she had just passed that critical
age and perhaps felt ‘‘over the hill.” She need not
have worried since her rapport with students was such
that age was of little consequence.

Nell attended most of the students’ parties and
entertained them often with elegant buffets in a
charming southern home filled with antique furniture
and further adorned by her father, an antebellum for-
mal gentleman always referred to by the family as Mr.
Horner, and her mother, a delightful petite southern
belle who was still writing poetry in her nineties. It
was an introduction to another world for many a
graduate student.

In 1930, Nell joined C. Leo Hitchcock and
George Goodman, then both graduate students at the
Garden, on part of their collecting trip through the
southwestern United States. | suspect that this was
her sole contract with field work and it gave her fur-
ther appreciation of student activities.

In 1957 Nell became Bibliographer and Editor at
the Garden, but the following year left the Garden to
join the library staff of the St. Louis University
School of Medicine, where she worked until retire-
ment. However, she maintained her many personal
associations with the Garden and when the Alumni of
the Missouri Botanical Garden was organized, Nell be-
came the only honorary member. Her home in St.
Louis was a mecca for former students, a place where
one was brought up-to-date and where we were rein-
fected with the zest for life that Nell always dis-
played. — Mildred E. Mathias

Emeritus Professor of Botany, UCLA

Tower Grove House Visitors

They come in all sizes, shapes and ages; hailing
from nearby or far away; representing scout troops or
civic groups or school classes; their interests ranging
from history to architecture to interior decorating to
tourism.

In the year ending last Oct. 1, nearly 27,000 of
them came to the Missouri Botanical Garden, to tour
the Victorian elegance of Tower Grove House.

Visitors to Tower Grove House averaged 2,500 per
month during the year ending Oct. 1, with the great-
est number of visitors reported during the late spring
and summer months. The highest single month during
the year was May, with a total of 3,594 visitors tour-
ing the Victorian home. The lowest months, tradi-
tionally, are January and February, but 1,820 visitors
toured the home during February of 1976.

Group rates and schedules are available for tours of
Tower Grove House, currently under restoration to
replicate as nearly as possible the state of the home
when Henry Shaw lived there more than a century
ago.

Dudley French

It was appropriate that Dudley French’s last out-
ing, four months before his death at the age of 89,
was a visit to the Missouri Botanical Garden, an insti-
tution which has benefited greatly from the efforts
and energies of this remarkable St. Louisan.

Mr. French, a member of the Garden’s Board of
Trustees for more than 20 years and its first Honor-
ary Trustee, died last October following a lengthy
illness,

It was in June, a year and a half after he had
become ill, that Mr. French was brought to the Gar-
den by his daughter, Mrs. Alden Blodget Jr., for what
proved to be his final outing. Although confined to a
wheelchair, Mr. French was able to tour the develop-
ing Japanese Garden with Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden
director, and Mrs. Raven.

It was appropriate also that Mr. French was able
to view the Japanese Garden, this promise of future
growth, because he was a man who had served as one
of the most ardent and devoted Garden supporters in
the history of the institution.

After that visit,Mr. French returned to his home
at the Gatesworth Manor and during his remaining
months, the one subject that would stimulate him to
easy memory and conversation was the Garden. He
loved to talk about the Garden, as he had always
loved to serve the Garden in earlier years.

Mr. French served as a member of the Board of
Trustees from 1937 to 1959 and was largely respon-
sible for establishing the Friends of the Garden, fore-
runner of today’s extensive Members’ organization.

After he retired from board service, Mr. French
was honored at a Trustees luncheon held in March,
1960. Chairman of the Board, Robert Brookings
Smith, praised Mr. French's “‘invaluable efforts’’ on
behalf of the Garden, which had been “‘in the finest
tradition cf Henry Shaw — a tradition of devoted
service to science and to the public.”

At that time Mr. French was presented with an
engraved silver pitcher in recognition of his service to
the Garden, and was named the first Honorary Trus-
tee of the Missouri Botanical Garden.

A special plaque in his memory, acknowledging
Mr. French’s unique contributions to the Garden, has
been authorized by the present Board of Trustees
and will hang in the Members’ lounge. Others who
were associated with Mr. French in Garden affairs

during those years have remembered his charm, his
gentleness and his humor.

The Garden’s two other Honorary Trustees,
Leicester Busch Faust and Henry H. Hitchcock, have
recalled the delight with which Dudley French would
bring visitors to the Garden. He was constantly intro-
ducing new people to the Garden — his friends, out of
town visitors, and St. Louisans who were unfamiliar
with the Garden and its capacity to provide unique
enjoyment and pleasure.

Although the Garden was his most enduring com-
mitment, Mr. French had many other community in-
terests. A former vice-president of Graham Paper
Company, he was active in United Fund campaigns
and was a former president of the St. Louis Children’s
Aid Society, later the Family and Children’s Service
of Greater St. Louis, Inc., of which he also served as
president and board member. He was also a president
of the St. Louis Branch of the English Speaking
Union. His wife, the former Grace Allen, died in
1970. In addition to his daughter, Louise French
Blodget, of Princeton, N. J., he is survived by a
brother, Charles French of Kansas.

Hortus Third
at Garden Gate Shop

The new Hortus Third, an authoritative and com-
prehensive book dealing with thousands of plants
which are grown in North America, has replaced Hor-
tus Second and is currently available in the Garden
Gate Shop of the Missouri Botanical Garden.

The book is a major update of Hortus Second, fa-
miliar to many American gardeners as the best listing
of plants in cultivation.

Coming more than 35 years after its predecessor,
Hortus Third has nearly 24,000 entries, more than
1,300 pages and is illustrated with line drawings. The
book includes information on species, varieties, culti-
vars and forms, and each entry includes a description
of the plant with range, cultivation, propagation and
hardiness. Both common and Latin names are given.

In addition, the book contains a glossary and a list
of authors of plant names.

Published by Macmillan, Hortus Third was pre-
pared by the staff of the L.H. Bailey Hortorium at
Cornell University, a center for the study of culti-
vated plants. The selling price of $99.50 works out to
about seven cents per page — a reasonable rate at
current book prices.

As a gift, a tool of the trade or a treasure for
anyone who works or plays with plants, Hortus Third
comes with high recommendations.

— W.G. D’Arcy
Department of Botany

Gardening in St. Louis

THE INTEMPERATE SEASON

Late fall and early winter have brought below-
normal temperatures to most of the Midwest. The
previous lack of moisture, coupled with continued
dry conditions and severe cold, could result in con-
siderable damage to plants.

It is important, when the ground thaws, to get
out and water heavily. We recall that a year ago, Feb-
ruary was very dry and this condition continued
throughout the summer season. Therefore, | urge all
gardeners to water heavily at this time of year, so that
if we continue to experience cold frost, the plants
will have sufficient moisture to maintain them in
good condition.

Seed orders should be placed with emphasis on
hybrid plants and disease-resistant varieties. A num-
ber of new vegetables, which are disease resistant and
proven hardy in this area, are available. Plan to attend
the Garden’s March Workshop to learn new tech-
niques for your garden for the coming year. This is a
very worthwhile program at the Garden and one from
which all members can obtain a great deal of informa-
tion.

DORMANT OIL SPRAY

February is the month to apply dormant oil spray
when temperatures are above 40 degrees for at least
24 hours. This should be applied liberally to all parts
of the plant at the same time. It is not harmful to
animals or birds and it is one of the most economical
and safe sprays that can be applied to garden areas.

Many new varieties of plants and vegetables are
available for patio and apartment gardening. Check
seed lists and horticulture information for varieties
particularly recommended for container growing.
New soilless media, both light weight and weed free,
are available from most garden centers and make ideal
media for plant growth.

FLOWER SELECTION

Select flowers that can take the heat during the
summer months. Much can be done to keep plants in
gcod condition by having mulches applied, to help
control the soil temperatures and keep them some-
what cooler than air temperatures. Extremely heat-
resistant flowers suitable for this area are: Amaran-
thus — especially Amaranthus tri-color called
‘Joseph’s Coat’; Canna’s in various colors; Creeping
Zinnia; Sanvitalia procumbens; Gloriosa Daisies and
other species and hybrids of Rudbeckia; Madagascar
Periwinkle or Vinca Rosea, as it’s called; Sunflowers;
Zinnias — narrow leafed drought resistant kinds such
as Classic and Mexican Zinnias; Celosia Cockscomb;
Cleome or ‘Spider’ Flowers; Geraniums. Much work
has been done in growing from seed new geraniums
which are very compact, very free flowering, and
standing up extremely well under St. Louis condi-

10

tions. Strawflowers and Marigolds in various giant
hybrids and tetraploids are available; Portulaca, or
‘Moss Rose’; Salvia in red, white and blue; Verbenas
are low, constantly blooming, and come in multitudes
of colors.

For the shaded gardens: Fibrous Begonias,
Browallia, Coleus, Impatiens, Caladiums all do ex-
tremely well.

STARTING VEGETABLES

Plan to start annuals and vegetables six to eight
weeks before transplanting outside. Seeds started in-
doors under artificial light and allowed to harden off
two weeks prior to planting out give an early start.

Cool crops should be planted out during the mild
periods in February and early March so that they
mature before the hot weather sets in.

Orders for roses and other trees and shrubs should
be placed immediately so that they will be delivered
at the proper planting time.

In making gardens plans now, it is important to
consider ease of maintenance during the summer
months. Refer to earlier Bulletins for further informa-
tion on what to do in February.

— Robert J. Dingwall
Chief Horticulturist

EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
SETS COURSE(S) FOR SPRING

One of the first heralds of spring — new adult
education courses designed to prepare the gardener
for a greener season — will begin at the Garden in
mid-February and continue through March 16.

Principles of Budding and Grafting, including
demonstrations of common techniques helpful to the
home gardener, will be the subjects of a one-session
course scheduled for Thursday, Feb. 17. The session
will be held from 7:30 to 10 p.m. in the John S.
Lehmann Building, with James |, McCaskill as instruc-
tor. Registration fee for Garden members is $6.

In addition, a course in vegetable gardening for
city dwellers and suburbanites will be offered begin-
ning Wednesday, March 2, and continuing each
Wednesday night through March 16. Each of the
three sessions will be held from 7 to 8:30 p.m. in the
Lehmann Building, with Stephen Wolff as instructor.

During the course, those interested in growing
food for the table will learn about site selection, soil
preparation, selecting seeds and disease and insect
control. Demonstrations will include seed sowing,
seedling transplantings, special planters and miniature
vegetables and herbs. Each student will receive a text-
book.

The registration fee for members is $10.

Students may register for the new courses by tele-
phoning the Garden’s Education Department at
772-7600.

MEMBERSHIP CATEGORIES
Annual Contributions

Henry Shaw Associate $1,000
Director’s Associate $ 500
Sponsoring Member $ 250
Sustaining Member $ 100
Contributing Member $ 50
Annual Member $ 25

Contributions are tax deductible for income tax
purposes in the manner and to the extent provided by law.

HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES

Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom
Mr./Mrs. Watson T. Blair

Ms. Harriet J. Tatman
Mr./Mrs. C.C. Johnson Spink

Mr. Bruck Bryan

Mr./Mrs. Edward P. Burke
Mr./Mrs. Larry Burrows
Mr./Mrs. Benjamin A. Butler
Mrs. Lucille Byrne

Mr./Mrs. Jules D. Campbell, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Charles D. Cannady
Ms. Eileen Carlson

Mr./Mrs. W.B. Cason

Mrs. Virginia Cavitte

Mr. C.H. Chandler

Mr./Mrs. Robert S. Chandler
Mrs. Mae D. Christopher

Mrs. John A. Clarke

Dr./Mrs. Wm. W. Clendenin
Mr./Mrs, John W. Close
Mr./Mrs. Bruck Cochran
Mr./Mrs. Ronald Coyle
Mr./Mrs. Peter Curran
Mr./Mrs. Wesley Custer

Miss Christine Cymbala

Mrs. Amelia O. Davis
Mr./Mrs. Donald R, Deatherage
Capt./Mrs. Arthur F. Denkmann
Dr./Mrs. Edmund L, Detering
Mr. Barry Dillon

Miss Josephine J. Doran
Mr./Mrs. Thomas A. Doss
Mr./Mrs. George F. Dubois
Mrs. Ann Ebert

Mr. Barney A. Ebsworth
Mr./Mrs. David Dinig
Mr./Mrs, Cletus H. Emmendorfer
Miss Barbara Fallert
Farmington Council of Garden Clubs
Mr./Mrs. Cliford L. Fields
Ms. Catherine R. Filla

Mrs. Barbara V. Fletcher
Mr./Mrs. R.J. Flieg

Mr. Wm. R. Foster

Dr./Mrs. L.J. Fox

Ms. Margo Freebairn

Mr./Mrs. Sydine Fredman
Mr./Mrs. David E. Fry
Mr./Mrs. Edward Fuhrman III
Mrs. H.W. Garets

Mrs. William F. Geisz

Mrs. Mary L. Geldigan

Miss Deborah J. Gersell
Mr./Mrs. W.S. Gibb

Mr./Mrs. Stan Green

Miss Juanita Grman

Mr. David Guempel

Mrs. George Guth

Mr./Mrs. C. David Gutsche
Mr./Mrs. E.A. Haertling

DIRECTOR’S ASSOCIATES

Mr./Mrs. Roland Quest
Mr. Roy Tartar

December 1976

NEW SUSTAINING
MEMBERSHIP

Mr./Mrs. Charles MacVeagh

NEW CONTRIBUTING
MEMBERSHIP

Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Hillard
Dr. Ann Johanson

Mrs, Mary L. Kerwin
Mr./Mrs, Paul J. Kiel

NEW MEMBERSHIPS

Mr./Mrs. Mike Alizadeh
Mr./Mrs. John G. Anderson
Arcadia Valley Garden Club
Miss Pam Armbruster
Dr./Mrs. John Ayers
Mr./Mrs. Earl A. Bage
Mr./Mrs. Joseph E. Barry
Miss Adele Bante

Mr./Mrs, Jack S. Bates

Mrs. Charles D. Beard
Mr./Mrs. Allan Belko
Mr./Mrs. George Bergen
Miss Marie T. Bergmann
Mr./Mrs. Gregory A. Bevirt
Mr./Mrs. Vincent Biedenstein
Miss Genevieve M. Blahovec
Ray and Marie Blaskow
Mr./Mrs. Leo Blandina
Mr./Mrs. J.S. Bradbury
Mr./Mrs. Guy M. Bradley
Mr./Mrs. Paul E. Brauner
Mr./Mrs. A.G, Breihan

Ms. Annette E. Brenick
Mr./Mrs. John A, Brinkers
Mr. Gary R. Brinkman
Mr./Mrs. Art Brockmann
Miss Henrietta Brocksmith
Miss Joyce Brumleve

Member of
The Arts and Education
Fund of Greater St.Louis

Ms. Beulah M. Hahn
Mr./Mrs. Donald R. Ham
Mr./Mrs. Alan A, Hamilton
Ms. D.L. Hanks

Mr./Mrs. Steven C. Himebrook
Mrs. Mildred C. Hines

Mr. Barny Hoffmann
Mr./Mrs. Jerome B. Holstein
Mrs. Marjorie Hoopes
Mr./Mrs. Donald Hopkins
Mr./Mrs. Michael Horwitz
Mrs. D.K. Hudson

Mr./Mrs. Virgil Hulette, Jr.
Mr./Mrs, Ronald Hurst
Mr./Mrs. James C. Jones
Mr./Mrs. Joseph E. Jones
Mr./Mrs. Ambrose D. Kelly
Mr./Mrs. Michael Klaski
Mr./Mrs. Raymond Klein
Dr./Mrs. Allen P. Klippel
Mr./Mrs. Larry A. Kluesner
Mr./Mrs. Harold F. Kraushaar
Mr./Mrs. Paul H. Kurz

Miss Anna L. Lang

Mrs. Delores Lange

Mr./Mrs. Mort Lazaroff
Mr./Mrs. C.B. Lears

Ms. Barbara Lemmons

Les Petite Fleurs Garden Club
Ms. Pat Leve

Mr./Mrs. Merlin Lickhalter
Mr./Mrs. Elliott J. Littman
Mr./Mrs. Herbert G. Liu
Miss Mary C. Lottes
Mr./Mrs. Philip H. Loughlin, III
Mr./Mrs. Elmer Loyet

Mrs. Bess Manar

Miss Betty Mannion
Mr./Mrs. L.B. Marshall
Mr./Mrs. William O. May
Mrs. J.E. McCadden, Jr.
Rev./Mrs. Robert McNamara
Mr./Mrs. Erwin Me. Meinberg
Mr. Bernard Mellitz
Mr./Mrs. Robert Mengersen
Mrs. Elmer Mesnier

Mrs. W.B. Messick

Mr. Rickey E, Metzger

Mrs. Ridgely Meyer, Jr.
Marjorie C. Miller

Mrs. Charles Miriani
Mr./Mrs. Duke Mitchell
Mr./Mrs. W. Michael Moran
Mr./Mrs. Wilbur Muller
Mr./Mrs. Wm. J. Mundy
Mrs. Robert H. Myers

Miss Mirian Neaf

Mr./Mrs. Darrel C. Neal

Mrs. Elizabeth Newsham
Mr./Mrs. P. Newsham

Mrs. L.D. Nicholas

Mr./Mrs. B. Niewoehner, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Charles J. Nowotny
Ms. Marianne O'Connor
Mr./Mrs. Joseph Ogle
Mr./Mrs. Paul Q. Olschner
Miss Martha O'Neil

Mr./Mrs. Ron L. Paradoski
Mr. John G, Parvis

Mr./Mrs. James B. Paton
Mr. Ronn T. Pelley

Mr./Mrs. A.J. Penico

Mr. Patrick J. Pettit

Mr. Mark M. Poindexter
Mr./Mrs. Jack Porter
Mr./Mrs. Henry R. Quante
Mr./Mrs. Pat Ransom

Mrs. Mabel Rattach

Mr./Mrs. Gus Rawi

Mr./Mrs. Henry J. Reiker Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Larry Reimelt

Mrs. Harry Richter

David Ritchie Family

Mr. George J. Rixner

Mr. Richard M. Ross

Mr. John J. Sanders

Mr. Donald Schrader

Mr. Douglas Seddon

Mr./Mrs. E.J. Senn, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Donald W. Schaeffer
Mrs. Daisy Scherck

Miss Jan Schermer

Mr./Mrs. George R. Schillinger
Mr./Mrs. F.C. Schneeberger
Mr./Mrs. Paul Schreiter
Mr./Mrs. James W. Shucart
Mr./Mrs. David Smith
Mr./Mrs. Greg Smith

Mr./Mrs. Robert A.K. Smith, Jr.

Mrs. Sidney E. Smith
Mr./Mrs. E.O. Sporleder
Mr./Mrs. L.N. Stansberry
Mr./Mrs. Harry L. Steinmann
Mr./Mrs. Sanford Stephens
Mr./Mrs. John Q. Sterbenz
Mr./Mrs. Louis R. Streck

Ms. Sandra Syries

Mr./Mrs. Sanford Talley

Mrs. Edith Taylor and Family
Mrs. Guinever Taylor

Ms. Mary ann Thurn

Mr./Mrs. Felix W. Truss
Mr./Mrs. Ben W. Turner

Ms. Elaine M. Virga

Mr./Mrs. Louis L. Voit
Mr./Mrs. R. Wallace Waterman
Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Weise
Mr./Mrs. Vill Wenzlick
Mr./Mrs. Richard M. West
Mrs. J.M. Whealen

Dorothy Michelle Wiers
Mr./Mrs. Jack Wilt

Mr./Mrs. H.C. Winkelmann
Mr./Mrs. Albert H. Wolfington
Miss Rosemary Woodworth

~Mr./Mrs. Carl Zimmerman

INCREASE IN

MEMBERSHIP CONTRIBUTIONS
HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATE

Mr./Mrs. James S. McDonnell, Jr.

SPONSORING
Dr./Mrs. A.J. Squitieri

SUSTAINING

Miss Melba Aufderheide
Mr./Mrs. Carl L.A. Becker
Mr./Mrs. Charles Lamy

Mrs. Charles H. Sommer, Sr.
Dr./Mrs. Robert Taxman
Dr./Mrs. Hugh R. Waters

CONTRIBUTING

Mr./Mrs. John C. Brenner
Mr./Mrs. Henry C. Colteryahn
Mrs. Clark P. Fiske

Mrs. C.E. Hill

Mrs. Alton E. Horton
Mr./Mrs. A.A. Meyer
Mr./Mrs. Charles C. Schober
Mr./Mrs. Walter G. Stern
Mr./Mrs. B.K. Werner
Mr./Mrs. Milton L. Zorensky

11

DECEMBER 1976 TRIBUTES

In Honor of Miss Peggy Collins
Mr./Mrs. Robert R. Cave

In Honor of Mrs. Harry Milton's Birthday

Mrs. Carl J. Heifetz

In Honor of Elizabeth Ann Salmon’s Debut

Dr./Mrs. Robert E. Kihlman

In Honor of Mr./Mrs. G. Shabel’s 25th Wedding Anniversary

Vera and Richard Falk

In Honor of Thalassa Shank
Mr./Mrs. George J. Amitan

In Memory of Helen Beleck
Rose Society of Greater St. Louis

In Memory of Mrs. Estelle K. Blanke
Charles B. Thies

In Memory of Louie Brown Boyd
Mr./Mrs. Ingram F. Boyd, Jr.

In Memory of Gretchen Brummitt
Clayton Garden Club #1

In Memory of Mr. J. Turner Clarkson
Mr./Mrs. John Brodhead, Jr.

In Memory of H. Towner Deane
Mr./Mrs. Charles Lamy

In Memory of Mrs. F. Baker DeCamp
Mrs. John W. Aull

Mrs. C. Phil Barning

Mrs. Richard S. Bull

Mrs. A.G. Campbell, Jr.
Clyde Reynolds Carpenter
Elizabeth P. Dabney
Mr./Mrs. Ralph G. Ehlers
Mrs, Harriet George
Mr./Mrs. John G. Grubb
Mrs. G.W. Heitz

Mrs. Charles Hobart

Mrs. Bond Houser, Jr.
Mrs. Fred Hale Krug
Edward J. Kuntz, Jr.

John M., Larimer

John W. Longstreth
Mr./Mrs. Richard Marx

Mrs. H.P. Materne

Amelia B. Maxwell

Mr./Mrs. Richard F. McCarthy
Mr./Mrs. G.T. McClelland
Mr./Mrs. Gerald D. McMullen
Mr./Mrs. David B. Meeker
Mrs. Walter Meeker

Robert Nason

Mrs. Thomas T. Pontius
John D. Seaberg

Mrs. Martha M. Shipman

Mr. /Mrs. Russell Smith

Mrs. E.E, Spencer, Jr.

Mrs. Marie J. Springate
Mr./Mrs. Barckley Storey
Dr./Mrs. Benjamin Storey
Mr./Mrs. E.!. Thompson,
Mr./Mrs. J.L. Riley and their employees
Mrs. Thomas R. Underwood
Mrs. Thomas B. Wheeler
Thomas C. Whitemarsh

In Memory of Edith Duffey
Mr./Mrs. Ernst F. Frese

In Memory of Mrs. Gertrude Ford
Drs. Kenneth and Ellen Lissant

In Memory of Mr. Dudley French
Mrs. Amos Eno

Mr./Mrs, Charles Lamy

Mr./Mrs. Carroll S. Mastin

In Memory of Anna Frese
Mr./Mrs. Ernst F. Frese

In Memory of Ernst G. Frese
Mr./Mrs. Ernst F. Frese

In Memory of Isabel von Phul Hall
Mr./Mrs. Harry B. Wilson

In Memory of Warwick Harman
Mr./Mrs. Ernst F. Frese

In Memory of Mrs. Frank Hilliker
The Book Club
Mr./Mrs. E.R. Grant

In Memory of Miss Nell Horner
Dr./Mrs. William L. Brown
Dr./Mrs. Russell J. Seibert

In Memory of Dr. Robert Lamb
Marilyn Lamb

In Memory of Stafford Lambert
Mr./Mrs. Charles Lamy

in Memory of Mr. Raymond E. Lange
Mrs. Raymond E. Lange

In Memory of Mr. Carl LeClair
Dolores Meyer

In Memory of Robert F. Mathews
Mrs. Joseph W. Lewis
Mr./Mrs. George T. Pettus

In Memory of Mrs. Grace Lewis Miller
Clarence C. Barksdale

In Memory of Lois Moeller’s Grandfather

Julie Hindmarsh

In Memory of Mrs. Selma Mueller
Estelle and June McCarthy

In Memory of Mr. Donald D. Noble

Mrs. Herman Bowmar

In Memory of Jane Tobin Rice
Airlia Pettus

Mr./Mrs. Robert Pettus
Mr./Mrs. Harry B. Wilson

In Memory of Jennifer Lee Ross
Mr./Mrs. John Nulsen

In Memory of Mrs. Laverne Sanford
Mr./Mrs. A. Sherwood Lee

In Memory of Norman Schaumburg
Lisette E. Schaumburg

In Memory of Robert Schwartz
Mr./Mrs. Frank L. Thompson

In Memory of Mr. Leslie Shires
Roma M. Lister

In Memory of Leonid Tichvinsky
Mary Elizabeth Bascom
Dr./Mrs. Jack Kayes

In Memory of Mr. Albert Wagenfuehr
Clayton Garden Club #2

In Memory of Dr. H.C. Will
Mrs. Joseph H. Harper

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

2345 Tower Grove Avenue
Saint Louis, Missouri 63110

SECOND CLASS

POSTAGE
PAID

AT ST. LOUIS, MO.

Missouri
Botanical
Garden
Bulletin

Oepariment
of the Interior

Garden Is Subject of Landmark Decision

The Missouri Botanical Garden, rich in history as
well as in science and natural beauty, has become
one of only seven St. Louis area sites to be officially
designated a National Historic Landmark by the
federal government.

Gary Everhardt, director of the National Park
Service of the U.S. Department of the Interior,
announced the decision and noted that the Garden
“has been found to possess national significance in
commemorating the history of the United States.”

The purpose of the landmark designation, Ever-
hardt said, is to recognize nationally significant
sites and to encourage their owners to preserve
them. Landmarks are chosen through studies
prepared by the National Survey of Historic Sites
and Buildings; evaluated by the Advisory Board on
National Parks, Historic Sites, Buildings and Monu-
ments; and approved by the Secretary of the Interior
in accordance with the Historic Sites Act of 1935.

To prepare a report on the Garden's
nomination as a National Historic
Landmark, a team from the Historic
American Buildings Survey
examines the Linnaean House,
right. Upper right, the shield of the
National Park Service, Landmark
designating agency.

The Garden is already enrolled on the National
Register of Historic Places. Under the provisions of
the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, entry
to the Register provides safeguards against damage
by federal undertakings and fulfills one qualification
for participation in a grant-in-aid program to assist
in Garden preservation.

Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director, noted that
the Landmark designation represents official recog-
nition of the original intentions of the Garden’s
founder, Henry Shaw.

“In his will,” said Dr. Raven, “Mr. Shaw asked that
the property be conveyed to a body of public
Trustees in order to preserve the Garden for public
use, ‘forever kept up and maintained’. Our ongoing
effort to preserve and improve the Garden closely
parallels the purposes and objects of the National
Landmark designation.”

Prior to the designation, a 10-page inventory and

[Continued on Page 2]

Volume LXV Number 3
March 1977

LANDMARK DECISION ...

nomination form was prepared by a National Park
Service historian. It Summarizes the history and
scientific and social contributions the Garden has
made during its more than 100 years of existence,
and concludes:

“The Missouri Botanical Garden’s physical
environment, its library and herbarium, and _ its
programs and publications document the historical
development of botany in the United States from the
middle of the 19th Century to the present. From
Henry Shaw’s restored 1849 Tower Grove House to
the 1960 Buckminster Fuller inspired Climatron, the
Missouri Botanical Garden reflects a 175-year
tradition of American scientific concern for the
world of plants and man’s relationship to them.”

[Continued from Page 1]

Spring Solicitation Drive

In an effort to enlarge its membership, the Garden
will soon be sending letters of membership solici-
tation to various individuals and groups in the St.
Louis area. Because such letters may inadvertently
go to persons already Garden Members, Dr. Peter H.
Raven, Garden director, will write to each Member to
explain the procedure.

“We want to let the members know in advance,”
Dr. Raven said, “that this might happen, and to
explain that it would be extremely costly to remove
the names of Garden Members from each of the
many different lists we will be using. Knowing that
in advance, | hope the Members will understand
should they receive one of our solicitation letters.”

Dr. Raven has asked those Members receiving the
letters to support the solicitation campaign by
passing the letter to a friend, relative or neighbor
who is not a Member.

Chicago Flower Show

Garden volunteers can see one of the top amateur
and professional flower shows in the country — the
Chicago Flower Show, at McCormick Place in
Chicago — ona special bus trip arranged for March
30 and 31.

The Chicago Flower Show offers a combined
display of amateur and commercial exhibits showing
many of the newest flowers and bulbs available to
the public for the first time. It offers the chance to
see exciting exhibits arranged in attractive land-
scape designs, floral arrangements, and specimen
exhibits to give a wide range of ideas to amateurs
and professionals alike.

Tour horticultural guide is Robert Dingwall, chief
horticulturist for the Garden. The group will stay at
the McCormick Inn, across the street from the show.
A special trip to the Chicago Art Institute is also on
the agenda.

For more information, please call the Education
Department, 772-7600.

Arboretum Branches Out

The Shaw Arboretum, the Missouri Botanical
Garden’s 2,200-acre nature preserve in Gray Summit,
Mo., has been enlarged to include the 220-acre
Freund Property, a tract of land purchased and to be
developed through the generosity of Garden friends.

David Goudy, Arboretum superintendent, said the
land and an educational building on the property will
be named for Mrs. Adlyne Freund, whose generosity
helped make the purchase possible.

Assisting in the development of the property,
including the building and an interpretive wild
flower trail, are Mr. and Mrs. Whitney Harris and
their son, Eugene Harris.

Mrs. Adlyne Freund, right, with Mr. and Mrs. Whitney Harris.

The property, adjacent to the existing Arboretum
land, consists of 220 acres of woodland, meadow
and a small portion of agricultural acreage. It
includes more than a mile of Meramec River frontage
with bluffs overlooking the river valley, as well as
about a mile of frontage on Brush Creek, an
important local tributary of the Meramec.

The State of Missouri was able to assist in the
purchase by earmarking federal matching funds to
pay the Garden for a conservation easement on the
property. To be eligible for such matching funds, the
Garden agreed to a deed restriction limiting develop-
ment or use of the property which would be
detrimental to its essentially natural features.

A lodge building on the property, extremely rustic
and constructed of native stone and wood, will be
developed for use in special educational programs,
including seminars, teacher workshops and
meetings.

The land and building will be dedicated in
ceremonies to be held this spring, Goudy said.

The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is pub-
lished 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical
Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110.
Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year.
$6.00 foreign.

Dr. Thomas Croat, Collector

There are those who mistakenly think of the
Herbarium in the John S. Lehmann Building as a
place to store parsley, sage, rosemary and thyme.
Garden Members and scientists know that the
Herbarium houses more than 2.5 million dead, dried,
flattened plant specimens from all over the world, in
some 47,000 small dark pigeon holes. Many of these
specimens are there as a result of the collecting
activities of Dr. Thomas Croat, Associate Curator in
the Botany Department for the past ten years.

But a visit to Dr. Croat’s office, located just off the
main Herbarium storage area, is more like atrip toa
tropical greenhouse than a museum curator’s
quarters. The visitor is Surrounded by the shiny dark
green foliage of dozens of “living” plants of the aroid
family (Araceae).

Dr. Croat has begun an intensive study of the 200
or more Central American species of Anthurium, the
largest genus of the aroid family, and he recently
collected many of his ‘office plants” as part of that
study.

Extensive field work is crucial to a proper
understanding of Anthurium for several reasons,
explained Dr. Croat. Existing herbarium specimens
are few, often incomplete, and poorly documented.
More, certain characteristics of the plants can only
be studied in natural surroundings. Other informa-
tion can be obtained from greenhouse-grown plants,
but few well documented greenhouse collections
exist.

In 1976, Dr. Croat spent eight months in Panama
and Costa Rica, collecting over 1500 herbarium
collections of Araceae. Most of these were Anthur-
ium. But because of the special problems involved
with studying Anthurium, these are no ordinary
herbarium specimens.

The succulent nature of many Anthurium species
make them particularly difficult to dry. To solve this
problem, Dr. Croat designed a portable drying unit,
heated by propane gas, which he can transport to
the collecting areas as part of a specially-built
four-wheel drive vehicle. This equipment makes it
possible to collect and dry plants in remote,
interesting, and normally inaccessible areas.

To fully understand Anthurium, it is necessary to
know what the plants look like in three dimensions,
so Dr. Croat photographs each collection in black
and white, and often in color, before the specimens
are dried and pressed. He also makes extensive field
notes on each plant.

Back at the Herbarium, the notes are incorporated
into labels, which are mounted together with the
photographs and dried plants on special paper for
storage in the Herbarium pigeon holes.

For complete documentation, the collector must
see each species in flower, but many of the plants
Dr. Croat encountered in the field in 1976 were not
flowering, SO more than 1200 living collections were
made and shipped to St. Louis for additional study.
Fortunately, species of Anthurium travel well and

>™\

Dr. Thomas Croat.

lend themselves to transfer from the tropics. Most
are epiphytic — obtain their nourishment from
moisture and air — and can be uprooted without
being disturbed, withstanding the sometimes harsh
treatment of international air freight handling. One
shipment was two months in transit, yet afew plants
survived and are now growing at the Garden.

The Anthuriums recovered quickly from. their
international flight and many are now flowering in
the Garden’s greenhouses and in Dr. Croat’s office.
Observations made during the flowering period of
these plants will be incorporated into the published
monograph of Anthurium, which is the primary goal
of the project.

Though the living collections are being used
initially to gain a better understanding of the
taxonomy of Anthurium, they will also be screened
for the horticultural potential and to improve the
Garden’s collection of living Araceae.

The ease with which Dr. Croat grows many of
them in his office augurs well for their eventual
introduction into our homes. Those which cannot
withstand the rigorous life of house plants may still
do well under the more careful care of the Garden’s
Horticulture Department.

The material sent back in 1976 and during future
trips will establish the Garden’s collection of living
aroids as the most extensive in the world. Many of
the species are new to science and a substantial
proportion are cultivated nowhere else.

Dr. Croat is now both studying the collections
made during 1976 and preparing for additional work
this summer. He plans to concentrate this time in
southern Mexico and the countries of northern
Central America — Guatemala, El Salvador,
Honduras and Nicaragua.

Gardening From Ground Up!

To those who are interested in down-to-earth
gardening but aren’t quite sure whether they'll
emerge with green thumbs or just dirty hands: take
heart!

In March and April, the Garden’s Education
Department will sponsor a five-session course in
basic gardening called “Gardening from the Ground
Up.” The course is an introduction to essential
gardening skills and procedures for the beginner,
and will cover the sowing of seeds, transplanting of
seedlings and the use of sprays and fertilizers.

All seeds, growing media and flats will be
provided by the Garden, and students will be given
about 250 seedlings of flowers and vegetables to
take home. Instructors for the course are Kenneth
Peck, head of the Education Department, and
Charles Tubesing.

To serve Garden Members and others, two course
sections have been scheduled: Section A will meet
from 1 to 2:30 p.m. on successive Tuesdays, from
March 22 through April 19; Section B will meet from
7 to 8:30 p.m. on successive Thursdays, March 24
through April 21.

Registration for Section B is filled, but those
interested in attending the Section A course may
register by telephoning the Education Department at
772-7600. The registration fee for Garden Members
is $16.

Calling All Volunteers!

Ninety of the Garden’s generous volunteers have
agreed to contribute their time to telephone duty at
the Arts and Education Phonathon, scheduled for
the first 11 days of March and held to raise funds for
the Arts and Education Council.

Call-in periods for the Garden are 9:30 to 11 a.m.
on Wednesday, March 2; Friday, March 4; and
Monday, March 7. Headquarters is the Community
Room of Plaza Frontenac, near the south end of the
mall at Lindbergh boulevard and Clayton road.

Twenty Garden volunteers will solicit pledges at
each telephone session and 10 others will be on
hand to handle back-up duties and paper work
accounts. Thirty will be on hand each of the three
mornings for St. Louis “Celebration of the Arts.”

The Missouri Botanical Garden is a_ funded
member of the Arts and Education Council, which
provides needed financial support for many Garden
programs and activities.

Spring Rose Workshop

A Spring Rose workshop will be held on March 28,
31 and April 4 from 10 a.m. until noon in the rose
gardens at the Missouri Botanical Garden. A
demonstration on how and why to prune, how to
spray and improve your soil for top quality rose
bloom this season will be conducted by Robert
Dingwall, chief horticulturist, assisted by Ben Hill
and Al Saxdal, rose experts.

4

Ground Breaking at Stix School

The eighth grade at Stix School will be “breaking
ground” at the school for a vegetable garden on
March 4, under the supervision of the education staff
from the Missouri Botanical Garden.

Students at Stix School, from the fourth through
the eighth grade, are involved in the Investigative
Learning Center at the school, the Magnet School
program co-sponsored by the St. Louis Public
Schools and the Garden.

While the eighth graders will be planting their
“home grown” vegetables, other Stix children are
taking part in other plant investigation activities
during March, ranging from a puppet show on
growing trees to a mapping of Tower Grove Park.

Fourth graders will be at the Garden March 16 fora
Spring New Growth Hunt, with a follow-up spring
activity in their classroom the next day.

March activities for fifth graders include seeing
the puppet show, “The Green Machine,” at the
Garden, which demonstrates how trees grow. They
also will be sowing seeds and discussing photo-
synthesis in their classrooms and mapping an area
of the Garden.

Sixth grade students will map Tower Grove Park
on March 24, preparatory to building their own
mini-park in their classroom. They will be assisted
by Helen Parker and Rick Daley of the Garden’s
Ecological Services Department.

Magnet School programs will continue through
the school year.

Victorian Dolls at
Tower Grove House

Authentic bisque dolls from a century ago,
handsomely dressed in Victorian costumes, are on
display this month at Tower Grove House.

Originally scheduled for February, the doll display
was postponed until March after Tower Grove House
was closed in February as an energy conservation
measure. Now it is ready for spring, resplendent
with its Victorian doll collection. which dates from
the 1840s to the 1890s.

The dolls are the property of a private collector
and have never before been on exhibit for the public.

“IT MIGHT AS WELL BE SPRING”

The Garden has the perfect cure for “spring
fever’ — the preview of the Spring Flower
Show on Friday, March 18, from 5:00 to 7:30
p.m. in the Floral Display House. The festivi-
ties, sponsored by Eagle Marine Industries,
Inc. and Lilly Pulitzer of St. Louis, will include
informal modeling of men’s, ladies’ and chil-
dren’s spring fashions, refreshments, and
music by the St. Louis Banjo Club. This annual
panorama of colorful wild flowers and peren-
nials promises to be a most refreshing exhibit.

World Famous Illustrator To Visit Garden In April

Leslie Greenwood.

Prior to the opening of a major American
exhibition of his works at the Hunt Institute in
Pittsburgh, world-famous botanical illustrator Leslie
Greenwood will be in St. Louis on April 4, 5 and 6 to
meet and lecture before Members of the Missouri
Botanical Garden.

Mr. Greenwood, an Englishman and the illustrator
of “Flowers of the World”, will open the April Spring
Lecture Series on April 4 and will speak again to
Members on April 6. He will bring approximately 12
original paintings which will be on exhibit in the
John S. Lehmann Building.

During his visit, Mr. Greenwood will describe the
delights and difficulties of painting flowers from life
around the world, and will discuss some of the
technical details of drawing and painting in various
media. With original illustrations at hand, he will
explain how to compose a balanced picture of
flowers, contrasting or harmonious.

Interesting and unusual adventures Mr. Green-
wood has encountered during his special assign-
ments will highlight his lectures.

Mr. Greenwood, son of an artist and grandson of
an architect, grew up in a world of good drawing. A

native of London, he first began to paint flowers
seriously while serving with the British Army in the
Far East during World War Il. During this period, he
painted many of the exotic flowers he encountered
while travelling in India, Burma, Malaya and
elsewhere, including a trek to the 12,000-foot
altitude of the Himalayan foothills. Such paintings
generated immediate interest when Mr. Greenwood
returned to England, and he was honored with an
award by the Royal Horticultural Society.

Since then, Mr. Greenwood has received many
awards, including the Royal Horticultural Society’s
Gold Medal on two occasions.

Mr. Greenwood’s paintings are known worldwide
and have been reproduced as prints for framing,
table mats, calendars, record sleeves, seed packets
and in books. He has painted Christmas and other
greeting cards for many years, for charities and
publishers such as The Medici Society and Royle
Publications, Ltd., of London.

A Greenwood I//lustration, Rhododendron “Langworth”.

“Flowers of the World”, published by Hamlyn and
distributed in this country by Crown Publishers,
Inc., of New York, was wholly illustrated with color
on every page by Mr. Greenwood — a mammoth
undertaking which required nearly five years and
which included many of his earlier works of flowers
from the East.

One of Mr. Greenwood’s most recent projects was
the designing of a set of 12 bone China plates for the
Franklin Mint of Philadelphia, representing the 12
months of the year in mixed flowers and issued as a
limited edition.

The Pittsburgh exhibition, scheduled for a three-
month showing, will include a large number of
original paintings from “Flowers of the World.”

Swing Into Spring Through the Garde

a : na
Mrs. Holland Chalfant, Jr., a volunteer buyer for the Garden Gate Shop, examines an
oven-to-table dinnerware set decorated with plants and butterflies selected from the finest
hand-colored illustrations.

jy wry
Laminated plastic trays, salad bowl
boards are available in either a fern

COME TO TI
WEDNESDA
REFRESHMI

The theme is tulips for spring,
carried out in color on
glassware, trays and ice buckets.

nd cheese
ttern.

To brighten the spring season at the Gar-
den Gate Shop, volunteer buyers have travel-
led to Eastern markets to purchase unusual
and colorful gift items, now on sale. Unique
items in the spring line include glassware,
plates, lamps, trays and ice buckets, most
bearing colorful reproductions of tulips,
strawberries and other plants and flowers.

One of the most delightful Garden
Gate Shop offerings for the spring is a
charming collection of finely
embossed Ironstone dessert plates.
Each of the eight separate decorations
features a floral center in delicate,
natural colors and an embossed
flower petal border.

ced

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To add indoor color for the spring season,
Garden Gate Shop buyers have collected an
assortment of ceramic lamps with floral or
butterfly design.

G OPEN HOUSE
1 30
IM 5-9 P.M.

Colorful Margaret Smith Handbags from
Maine are also among the shop’s spring
collection. They are cotton print, taffeta
lined and come in a wide variety of prints.

Cymbidium Hybrid [Vanda Orchid], one of the many beautiful
orchid specimens appearing until March 13 in the Annual Orchid
Show in the Climatron, which has drawn thousands of visitors
seeking relief from winter doldrums.

Japanese Festival
To Accompany Garden Dedication

In conjunction with the dedication of the Japanese
Garden on Thursday, May 5, a Japanese Festival will
be held at the Missouri Botanical Garden the
weekend of May 7 and 8.

Japanese culture will be celebrated in a series of
public events, to include music, drama, dance,
exhibitions of Samurai swords, horticultural
exhibits; workshops for children and teachers, art,
films, traditional Japanese food, and other specialty
performances.

Nearly 10,000 persons attended the Japanese
Festival held at the Garden in May, 1976. This year’s
Festival will not only be larger than last year’s
celebration, with more events and participants, but
special tours will be given of the new Japanese
Garden, Seiwa-En. Extensive arrangements are
underway to facilitate parking, provide shuttle
busing and easy access to the Garden.

The Japanese Festival is sponsored by the St.
Louis Chapter, Japanese American Citizens League,
and the St. Louis-Suwa Sister Committee.

Supporting organizations for the Japanese
Festival are:

e Asia Resource Center of the University of
Missouri, St. Louis.

e Office of International Studies, and the Depart-
ment of Chinese and Japanese, of Washington
University.

e The St. Louis Regional Commerce and Growth
Association.

¢ The National Council of Jewish Women, St.
Louis Chapter.

e The United States Department of Commerce.

The Dedication of the Japanese Garden will also
mark the opening of World Trade Week, which in St.
Louis will focus on Japan. World Trade Week is
sponsored by the Regional Commerce and Growth
Association, in cooperation with the Department of
Commerce.

8

Garden Visit Is “Fantastic”
Forlowa U. Student Group

Thirty-three members of the lowa State University
Horticulture Club visited the Missouri Botanical
Garden recently, accompanied by Dr. Paul Domoto,
1.S.U. Assistant Professor of Horticulture and
advisor to the club, and Spencer Crews, a first-year
student at the university, who worked at the Garden
in the summers of 1973 and 1974.

The students were met at the Main Gate early ona
Sunday morning by Answerman Jack Horner, who
conducted a general tour of the Garden. A tour of the
greenhouses was arranged by Bob Dingwall, Chief
Horticulturist, and a lecture and inspection of the
Herbarium was given by Dr. Gerrit Davidse.

The group also visited the Library, which contains
more than 100,000 volumes and other materials,
including many rare botanical works not available
anywhere else in the world.

The lowa horticulture students were impressed by
their visit to the Missouri Botanical Garden. Their
club representative, Margo Peitscher, wrote an
appreciative letter to Mr. Horner and invited him to
visit the lowa State campus and the school’s
horticulture greenhouses and horticulture research
farm.

Excerpts from the letter follow:

“We could not decide what was the most
impressive part of the tour, since it was all so
fantastic. Each area of the Garden has its own
history and aesthetic value which we can. all
appreciate and learn something from. The botanical
garden adds to the total beauty of St. Louis. Many of
us were so impressed that | am sure we will be back
to visit.

“We all envy you a little for being a part of the
Missouri Botanical Garden, with its beautiful
buildings and walks.

“We want to thank you again for the interesting
tour. Wonderful people like you help to keep this
earth beautiful and more liveable.”

lowa State University Horticu/ture Club, on recent Garden visit.

The Answerman:
Any Questions?

When the late George H. Pring retired in the 1960’s
after serving the Garden as superintendent for more
than 60 years, he returned to the Garden nearly every
day and donated his mornings to answering
gardening questions for the Friends of the Garden.
From this small, informal beginning has come the
Garden’s extensive, constantly-growing Answerman
service.

—.
:

Dan R. O’Gorman, right, retiring after seven years as a Garden
Answerman, receives special plaque for his services from Dr.
William M. Klein, the Garden's assistant director.

Today, more than 20 volunteers man the Answer-
man telephones from March 1 to November 1, and
One Answerman, Paul H. Kohl, continues this
service year long — five days a week, from 9 a,m, to
noon — following his official retirement after 50
years of distinguished Garden service as Superin-
tendent of the growing houses and director of flower
shows.

From March through October, 1976, the Answer-
men handled more than 12,000 telephone calls on
horticultural questions from St. Louis area gar-
deners, including the official state agency, the
agricultural extension office.

The Answermen are as near as your telephone, but
who are they, and where do they come by all that
information they obviously have so ready at their
fingertips?

Answermen are volunteers — retired businessmen
and gardeners who during the late fall and winter,
from November through February, attend weekly
seminars at the Garden to keep abreast of the latest
developments in horticulture.

Fifteen three-hour sessions, taught by Garden
staff members and extension specialists from the
University of Missouri College of Horticulture, have
just ended for the Answermen.

In 1969, George Pring left St. Louis to live with his
son-in-law and daughter, Dr. Russell Siebert,
director of Longwood Gardens at Kenneth Square,
Penn., and Mrs. Siebert. Pring’s departure left
vacant the much-needed Answerman slot, so Mark
Paddock, then assistant director at the Garden,
persuaded members of the Regional Council of
Men’s Garden Clubs of America to undertake the
Answerman service as a project.

At that time retired members of the Webster

Groves and Richmond Heights Men’s Garden Clubs
volunteered to become Answermen on a five-day a
week, 9 a.m. to noon, basis. Inquiries then were
averaging between 30 to 40 calls a day. In addition to
Dan O’Gorman, members of the original group of
volunteers were Clifford Rhoads, Son Fesler, John
P. Brown, Jules Gewinner, William Nolti and the late
Walter C. Berkemeyer. They were soon joined by
Paul Kohl.

Many gardeners are also indoor plant growers and
need help with their plants during the winter as well
as the rest of the year. In recognition of this need,
future plans call for year round Answerman service,
as well aS an answer by mail service.

T.K. Smith, Jr.,
Re-elected President
Of Board of Trustees

Tom K. Smith, Jr., who has headed the board for
the past 2 years, has been re-elected President of the
Missouri Botanical Garden board of trustees. Mr.
Smith is Group Vice-President— Operations Staff of
the Monsanto Company.

Other officers re-elected at the board’s January
meeting are Robert R. Hermann, First Vice-Presi-
dent; Daniel L. Schlafly, Second Vice-President, and
Charles R. Orner, Secretary. Mr. Hermann is
President and Board Chairman of Standard Con-
tainer Company, Inc. Mr. Schlafly is Chairman of the
Board of Arkansas Beverage Company. Mr. Orner is
Controller for the Missouri Botanical Garden.

Other members of the Board of Trustees are the
following St. Louis businessmen: Howard F. Baer,
Clarence C. Barksdale, Joseph H. Bascom, Samuel
C. Davis, William R. Orthwein, Jr.; A. Timon Primm
lll, Warren M. Shapleigh, Sydney M. Shoenberg, ur.;
C. C. Johnson Spink and Harry E. Wuertenbaecher,
Jr.

Ex officio members include Jules D. Campbell,
President of the Academy of Science of St. Louis;
Dr. William H. Danforth, Chancellor of Washington
University; The Rev. Donald E. Mayer of Hope United
Church of Christ, President of the Board of
Education; and The Honorable John H. Poelker,
Mayor of St. Louis.

C. Powell Whitehead serves in an advisory
capacity to the Board. Honorary Trustees are: The
Rt. Rev. William A. Jones, Jr., Episcopal Bishop of
Missouri; Leicester Busch Faust and Henry H.
Hitchcock.

Mr. Schlafly

Mr. Smith Mr. Hermann

Gardening in St. Louis

COLD WEATHER EFFECTS ON PLANTS

Due to the severe drought in the area last year,
excessive watering in some cases and lack of
watering in others, plants were not in good
condition when we went into the winter months.
With the advent of very cold weather, this has had an
adverse effect on many plants. In some cases, such
as Magnolia grandiflora, the foliage has browned;
likewise with azaleas and some of the hollies.

We strongly recommend that no pruning be done
or plants removed until warm weather arrives and
plants start to break out into leaf growth. In some
cases, these plants will lose the foliage and they
may have been killed back part way, but will have
sufficient vigor to rebreak and come up from the
roots. Next month we will make a recommendation
as far as further treatment on these plants is
concerned.

In areas where heavy amounts of salt was used on
sidewalks, it is important to get out and water
heavily once the weather is warm enough. Saturate
the ground thoroughly for an hour or so to leach the
salts away from the roots of these plants. If the salt
is allowed to remain, it will burn the root system and
cause the loss of the plants.

Avoid applying fertilizer around any of these areas
until plants are back into a good growing condition.
Otherwise, additional fertilizer applied to a poor root
system can cause further damage to the plants
themselves.

LAWN CARE

Lawns should be very carefully raked, dead grass
should be cut low as possible and removed with the
bare areas reworked and sown with a good mixture
of reliable grass seed.

Areas that have had a heavy usage should be
aerated as soon as the ground can be worked
without compacting it. Top dressing of a good
organic matter of lawns is beneficial to build up the
organic content and to improve growing conditions.

Some of the better bedding varieties to watch for
this year are seed grown Geraniums, which are
superior to the old forms grown from cuttings. The
new seed Geraniums are much more compact and
flower very freely over a longer period. Therefore,
they are ideal for planting in the St. Louis area. The
1977 All American Winner ‘Showgirl’ is an F1 hybrid
Geranium which produces bright rose pink flowers
on vigorous compact plants approximately 16 to 18
inches in height.

Sprinter Mixture Geraniums are a balanced blend
— scarlet, deep red, salmon, and white that flower
just a bit later than ‘Showgirl; but do extremely well
during the growing season. These types, along with
several others, will be available at all garden centers
as pot-grown plants this spring for planting out in
full sun.

Another newcomer, Verbena ‘Springtime Mixture’
is a distinct improvement in the dwarf verbena. It
features a wide range of bright spring colors and
continues to flower through most of the season,

10

remaining very compact. It is an excellent plant for
use in a warm Sunny area.

For the semi-shaded positions, Impatiens ‘Futura’
is an excellent strain to plant in semi-shaded areas
bearing flowers 11/2 to 2 inches across and plants 8
to 10 inches tall. This one did very well in our trial
gardens last year.

Marigold ‘Yellow Galore’, a Bronze Medal Winner
for 1977, is a semi-dwarf plant bearing large
carnation type flowers up to 3% inches across. This
flowers heavily throughout the summer. ‘Color
Carpet Alyssum’ is a strain of a balanced blend of
colors that did extremely well flowering throughout
the summer, remaining very compact and free
flowering.

PATIO GARDENING

For the limited-space gardener with only patio or
veranda to work from, many dwarf vegetables are
available. The miniature tomatoes and cucumbers
are only two that respond very well to either basket
or container growing plantings. Seed for these
should be started early and have the advantage of
being able to be moved around in lightweight
containers so that they get the full use of the sun
throughout the growing season.

In selecting vegetable varieties, make sure that
they are hybrid vigor and disease resistant; this is
important in selecting tomato plant varieties as they
are particularly prone to verticillium and fusarium
wilt.

TREES AND SHRUBS

Tree and shrub plantings, including evergreens,
should receive special attention this month. If the
soil is dry anyway, make Sure that they have plenty
of water down to the base of the roots. Plants which
were put in last year and received heavy watering
may, when leafing out, tend to be chlorotic as far as
color is concerned and they may need a feeding of
iron and other special types of fertilizer to get them
back into good color formation.

In warmer weather, some pruning to reshape the
plants and to remove dead wood will also be
essential. Mulches should be applied on all estab-
lished plantings and on new plantings going in this
month so as to conserve moisture in the ground and
to keep it from compacting. Cleanup of the garden is
important as far as insects and disease is concerned
and preparing the soil when conditions are right for
early starts of cool crop vegetables and other plants
later on.

— Robert J. Dingwall
Chief Horticu/turist

Member of
The Arts and Education
Fund of Greater St.Louis

The Beauties of - and danger to - the American Elm

The American Elm has been described by bota-
nists as the most beautiful tree that grows in the
Western Hemisphere. For the enjoyment of its
beauty alone, the elm merits the best care you can
provide. A large tree is impossible to replace during
a person’s lifetime, and large elm trees are well
worth extra care to keep them in good condition.

To maintain elms in good condition, prevention
and therapy are required. Good treatment is avail-
able through extensive research by aborists and
universities throughout the country.

It is important to survey your trees carefully and to
watch for any problems which may arise. Dormant
spray should be applied sometime in late February
before the leaves emerge, as this will help to control
many of the insects which can cause damage.

Trees should be root fed periodically to help
maintain them in good condition. Any dead wood
should be removed at regular intervals so as not to
be allowed to accumulate.

The principal enemy, of course, is Dutch Elm
Disease.

The disease was first observed in the Netherlands
and northern France in 1919, reaching North
America about 11 years later. The disease is Caused
by a fungus, Ceratocystis ulmi, which grows in the
water-connecting parts of the tree, causing water
vessels ultimately to cease their function and the
tree to die.

External symptoms of Dutch Elm Disease can first
be noticed on an infected tree in late June or early
July. The earliest symptom is a wilting of the leaves
on one or more branches. The wilting leaves turn
yellow, curl up and then turn brown. This process is
known as flagging. The brown leaves may remain on
the tree for sometime and the infected branches
eventually die back.

Internally, the disease is marked in the outer sap
wood by long discontinuous brown streaks, a
discoloration due to the phenolic substances. Their
origin as well as the role of the fungus and their
formation, is yet to be clarified.

The disease is spread from tree to tree by two
species of beetles — the native Elm Bark Beetle and
the small European Elm Bark Beetle. These beetles
breed in dead or dying elm material and become
contaminated by this spore of the fungus. When
they fly to healthy elms to feed, they introduce their
spores into the healthy tree and, consequently,
spread the infection.

To date there is no commercially available method
of curing the elm tree once it has been attacked by
Dutch Elm Disease. However, a number of measures
can be taken to help prevent the spread of the
disease from infected to healthy trees.

One way is to control the two species of beetles
which act as vectors. The first step in this controlled
process is to follow the very strict quarantine
regulations which prevent importation of elm and
elm products from other countries.

The insecticide, Methoxychlor, may be sprayed on
healthy trees to prevent or reduce feeding by disease
carrying beetles. This chemical is registered for use
against Elm Bark Beetles and should be applied in
the spring before the new leaves appear, following
the instructions and precautions printed on the
label.

A second major method of controiling the disease
is by sanitation. This involves the rapid removal of
infected trees, because dead trees provide a
breeding place for beetles, which in turn spread the
disease.

Recently a new compound has been made avail-
able for the effective treatment of elms: Lignasin, a
water soluble compound which is injected into the
tree throughthe root system or just above ground
level by low pressure method.

It is recommended that trees should be treated on
an annual basis and this spray can be applied
anytime during the active growing season. With this
material and a good systemic insecticide injected
into the tree, good control of the beetles will be
achieved and spreading of the disease will be
prevented, provided less than 10% of the tree has
been infected. The average cost is about $40.00 per
tree, depending on how fast it absorbs the amount of
liquid, but it is well worth doing, in light of the fact
that removal of a large elm tree could cost up to
$800.

For further information on treatment of your elms,
it is suggested that you contact the local arborists
for estimates and information on applications for the
trees.

— Robert J. Dingwall
Chief Horticulturist

JANUARY 1977 MEMBERSHIPS

HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATE Mr./Mrs. James M. Dixon
Kare Beale Wells Mr./Mrs. James O. Eaton
Mr./Mrs. Seth Eien

Mr./Mrs. Keith Fitzgerald

Ms. Karen L. Fuchs

Mr./Mrs. Carroll Garey
Mr./Mrs. P. Wayne Goode
Mrs. Harry Greensfelder, Jr.
Arthur Hackett Family
Mr./Mrs. Robert T. Horner, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Arthur W. Ihms

Mrs. Arthur L. Jeude

Mr. Dennis Jones

Mrs. James T. Jones

Mr. Russell H. Jost, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. John Kirkpatrick
Mr./Mrs. Richard E. Kriegshauser

NEW SUSTAINING MEMBERSHIP
Mr./Mrs. Kenneth Balk

NEW MEMBERSHIPS

Mr./Mrs. Ralph Van Allen
Mrs. John J. Armbruster
Mr./Mrs. William N. Bean
Mr./Mrs. Marc J. Benecke
Mr./Mrs. Ray A. Bowers
Mr./Mrs. Adrian L. Boyer
Ms. Jeannee Brave

Mr./Mrs. Cecil W. Browning
Mr./Mrs. John Bruemmer
Mr./Mrs. Robert V. Coleman Mrs. Judith Laing
Mr./Mrs. John S. Conant Mr./Mrs. Carl H. Larson
Mr./Mrs. James P. Connaughton Miss Rosemary Lawler
Mr./Mrs. Clifton O. Crews Miss Constance P. Meech

Mr./Mrs. Arthur G. Dickie Ms. Cynthia L. Merrell
Mr./Mrs. Fred Dickman Mr. Robert G. Metcalfe, Jr.

11

Mr./Mrs. George L. Diehl
Mr./Mrs. Donald Dixon
Mr./Mrs. Donald L. Meierant
Mr./Mrs. Michael Molitoris
Mr./Mrs. David Moreno

Mr. Leo Nau, Jr.

Mr. DeMoy W. Schulz

Mr./Mrs. John A. Semmelmeyer
Mr. Michael Sharpe

Mr./Mrs. Irving A. Shepard
Mr./Mrs. Stanton C. Sherman
Mr. Michael Sneden

Mr./Mrs. Robert H. Waterston Mr./Mrs
Mr./Mrs. Walter J. Weihe Mr./Mrs
Mr./Mrs. C. D. Yost Mr./Mrs
Mr./ Mrs
INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIPS Dr. / Mrs.
Ms. Nan

. Paul T. Dowling

. Edward B. Greensfeld
. W. R. Horlocker

.M. A. Jones

M. K. King

cy Lewis

Mr./Mrs. Edward Newsome
Mr./Mrs. Dennis L. Novotny
Mr./Mrs. M. Obermeyer
Dr./Mrs. Edward Okun
Miss Dorothy Osterwald
Mr./Mrs. Paul B. Otten
Mr./Mrs. Gwynn L. Parrott
Mr./Mrs. Maurice Plumer
Mr. Charles F. Pollnow
Dr./Mrs. Reese H. Potter
Mr./Mrs. David Reik

Miss Bernice Snelson

St. Louis Nature Study Society
Mr./Mrs. Philip Sultz
Mr./Mrs. Charles P. Swan
Mr./Mrs. Richard R. Taylor
Miss Rosemarie Thenhaus
Mildred L. Thompson
Dr./Mrs. Henry P. Thym

Mr. Eugene Tittmann
Mr./Mrs. Thom. H. Wadlund
Mr. Glenn Walter

SPONSORING

SUSTAINING

Mr./Mrs. August H. Hummert, III

Mrs. George P. Gebhart
Mr./Mrs. Downing B. Jenks Mr
CONTRIBUTING

Mr./Mrs. Sterling J. Alexander
Mr./Mrs. Saul Brodsky

Mr./Mrs. William Mueller
Mrs. William H. Petering
Dr./Mrs. S. L. Post
Mr./Mrs. John B. Prentis, Ill
Mr./Mrs. W. E. Remmert
Mr./Mrs. George H. Schlapp
./Mrs. John G. Shadle
Mr./Mrs. Eugene H. Stifel
Mr./Mrs. Thomas A. Taylor

TRIBUTES JANUARY 1977

In Honor of Mr./Mrs. |. Kay’s 30th Anniversary
Joe and Ruth Pollak

In Memory of Sterling P. Barron
Belle Coeur Garden Club

In Memory of Mrs. Marion Rombauer Becker
Louise C. Ittner

In Memory of Mrs. Charles J. Brecht
Irene Steinman

Vi Taylor

In Memory of Rose Breckenridge
Mrs. Charles J. Moore, Jr.

In Memory of Mrs. F. Baker DeCamp

Mary Elizabeth Bascom

Mrs. Cecilia D. Carson

Mrs. Philip H. Godfrey

Mead Paper Group

Hobart Brothers Employee Recreational Benefits
Mr./Mrs. Robert Krehbiel

Albert F. Polk

Richard / Paula Sheese

In Memory of Mr. Dudley French
Dr./Mrs. Peter Raven

In Memory of Mrs. S.E. Freund’s Father

Mr./Mrs. Ellis C. Littmann

In Memory of Mrs. Laura Fries
Mr./Mrs. A. Sherwood Lee

In Memory of Mrs. Tillie Held
Mrs. J. H. Harper

In Memory of Marie Elizabeth Herdlein

Mr./Mrs. Ralph L. Smith

In Memory of Mr. L. Earl Kroeger
Mrs. J. W. Flaig

In Memory of Robert F. Mathews
William H. Charles

In Memory of Mrs. Julia Maehl
Don / Wanda Dill

In Memory of Ray Nesmith
Matthew / Dorothy Klasskin

In Memory of Mrs. Susie Peterson
Mrs. Myrtle Bauer

Mrs. Al Bolfing

Coral Belles Garden Club

Mrs. Mildred Eskridge

Dorothy Ebes

Glendale Street Dept.

Irma & Bryon Greve
Mr./Mrs. Russell Moll

Miss Marian Reid

Mr./Mrs. Bert B. Ruler

Mrs. Frances Schwarzenbach

In Memory of Peter Schandorff’s Grandmother
Darlene G. Thornhill

In Memory of Mrs. Raymond C. Sheets
Raymond C. Sheets and Family

In Memory of Catherine Wade’s Grandmother
Darlene G. Thornhill

In Memory of Mrs. William A. White, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Arthur P. Cooper, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. James R. Gimblett

In Memory of Georgia Wittich
Rose Society Greater St. Louis

In Memory of Mr. Lino Conz
Mrs. William H. Schield

In Memory of Conrad Pinckert
Mr./Mrs. Joseph Kraus

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

2345 Tower Grove Avenue
Saint Louis, Missouri 63110

SECOND CLASS
POSTAGE

PAID
AT ST. LOUIS, MO.

Missouri
Botanical
Garden
Bulletin

A Shaw Summer

The Pitzman Summer Nature Program, a Garden
tradition, will again include a variety of summertime
activities for children, parents and teachers.

A three-week course, tentatively scheduled to be-
gin June 15, is designed to help teachers learn the use
of plants as educational tools and the natural world as
a setting for instruction. The teacher’s course, held
both at the Garden and the Shaw Arboretum in Gray
Summit, Mo., can be taken for college credit through
Webster College.

The Green Machine, a week-long course for chil-
dren aged eight through 14, is tentatively scheduled
for July 18-22 and August 1-5. Divided into small
groups, participating children will take part in a
wide variety of horticultural experiences, including
sowing seeds, constructing terrariums and designing a
bonsai specimen.

A special activity is planned for older partici-
pants: an overnight experience in the Garden’s own
tropical rain forest — the Climatron.

A four-day family program, designed to promote
sharing and informal learning, is tentatively scheduled
for July 5-8. Participants will build a family terrar-
ium, play a survival game in the Desert House and
hold a viewing party in the new Japanese Garden.

Variety is the Spice of
Arboretum Summer Program

Summer programs at the Shaw Arboretum, fo-
cused on the development of personal relationships
with the natural world, will this year include two
parent-child programs, two sessions of the Natural
Awareness Program, an advanced Natural Awareness
Program and two canoe trips on the Meramec River.

As in the past, small program groups will provide
each participant with close attention from an Arbore-
tum staff member. Highlights of the summer activities

eg ee 7
John Doty, of the Arboretum staff, conducts a children’s awareness
program amid the natural beauty of the four-square-mile Arboretum
in Gray Summit, Mo. Pine plantings, upper right, abound at the

Arboretum.

will include optional overnight experiences for older
groups, walking the Bush Creek, personal magic spots
and assorted adventures.

A full schedule of summer activities, with details,
will be announced at a later date.

For further information on the summer programs,
contact the Garden’s Education Department at
772-7600, extension 54, and the Arboretum, exten-
sion 81.

Volume LXV Number 4
April 1977

Crane Island Contributors

More than 100 garden clubs, members of the East Central District, Federated Garden Clubs of Missouri, have
contributed nearly $4,000 to make possible the construction of Crane Island in the new Japanese Garden develop-
ment. The Japanese Garden will be dedicated May 5.

The Garden wishes to thank these generous groups for their support of the project. The clubs include:

NORTH ZONE SOUTH ZONE CENTRAL ZONE
FLORISSANT FEDERATION GREEN TREE COUNCIL BRENTWOOD ASSOCIATION
BELLERIVE ACRES CONCORD BELLE COEUR

BELLEVIEW PARK FELICIA (Memorial — Betty Szabo)
BLACK JACK OAKS FOREST HAVEN (Memorial — Mae Risberg)
BLUEBELL CLAN GATEWAY BENNETT HILLS

BON COEUR GENERAL GRANT HILLS BETTER GARDEN CLUBS OF
CASTLEREAGH GREENBRIAR HILLS GREATER ST. LOUIS
EVERGREEN (North) HAWBROOK BRENTWOOD #2
FAIR ACRES HEATHER HEIGHTS (Periwinkle)
FERGUSON IRIS CHESTERFIELD
FOUNDERS CIRCLE KIRKWOOD KULTIVATORS CLAYTON #1

FOUR SEASONS KIRKWOOD #5 CLAYTON #2

FUN AND FLOWERS LADYBUG CLAYTON #3
GARDEN VIEWERS LADY SLIPPERS CLAYTON #4
HARMONY CIRCLE MAKESHIRE #1 CLAYTON #5
HATHAWAY PARK MATTESE MEADOWS CLAYTON #6
HORTICULTURAL STUDY CLUB OAKCREST CLAYTON #7

LAKE JAMES MANOR PEBBLE HILLS CLAYTON #8
MIGNONETTE (BISSELL HILLS) PETUNIA COUNTRY HILL
NORTHFIELD GARDENERS SEEDERS AND WEEDERS CREVE COEUR
NORTHGATE ESTATES SHREWSBURY DELMAR

OLD FARM SHREWSBURY WILD ROSE FORSYTHIA

OLD TRAIL SOUTH KIRKWOOD FOUR WINDS
HALLAWAY SUNSET HILLS FRONTENAC

CAPITOL HILL
PADDOCK HILLS
PASADENA

LYNN BROOK
TOWN SOUTH
THE EXHIBITORS

GARDEN APPRECIATION
GARDEN GUILD
GENESEO HILLS

PINE TREE HONEYSUCKLE TOWNE SOUTH 41 GLAN TAI
PRIMROSE WEBSTER GROVES #4 KEHRS MILL VIEW
ROBINWOOD TERRACE WEBSTER GROVES #5 MAPLE LEAF

SAN FERNANDO
SPRIG AND TWIG
SUNNYSIDE
TALISMAN

THISTLE AND RUE
VALLEY OF FLOWERS
VILLAGE

WOODBINE

WEBSTER GROVES #6
WEBSTER GROVES #9
WEBSTER GROVES #10
WEBSTER GROVES #20
WEBSTER GROVES

RIVER VALLEY

ROCK HILL #1

ROCK HILL #2

ROCK HILL PLANTERS
ST. LOUIS COUNTY
WESTBURY MANOR
OAKTREE FARM
RIVER OAKS
SEEDERS & CEDARS

Other contributors to Crane Island include: FEDERATED GARDEN CLUBS OF MISSOURI, HAZEL KNAPP TALK,(May 1976,) THELKA & EDW. J.
NEUNER.

Crane Island, in a rendering by
Professor Koichi Kawana,

assistant professor of art and /ecturer

in environmental design and

landscape architecture at UCLA, and

designer of the new Japanese
Garden.

Acclimatization Weekend

A weekend workshop in Acclimatization, designed
to help the participant build a sense of relationship
with the natural world, will be sponsored April
29-May 1 by the Shaw Arboretum in Gray Summit,
Mo.

Steve Van Matre, lecturer and author of Acc/ima-
tization and Acclimatizing, will be in charge of the
program. The workshop will provide an intensive in-
troduction to the Acclimatization approach to nature,
beginning with an evening session scheduled for 7:30
to 9:30 p.m. Friday, April 29, in the John S. Leh-
mann Building of the Missouri Botanical Garden.

Sessions on Saturday, from 9 a.m. to 8:30 p.m.,
and on Sunday, from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. will be held in
the Adlyne Freund Education Center at the Arbore-
tum, 35 miles southwest of St. Louis.

A workshop fee of $60 includes three catered
meals at the Arboretum and all materials. Space is
limited and those interested are encouraged to enroll
early by calling the Arboretum at 772-7600, exten-
sion 81.

Mr. Van Matre is currently a member of the facul-
ty of George Williams College and is director of the
Acclimatization Experiences Institute. He maintains
an active schedule lecturing and teaching workshops
throughout the United States and Canada.

Tower Grove Auxiliary
Schedules First Event

The first event sponsored by the Tower Grove
House Auxiliary, a box lunch and tour of the 19th
century mansion, has been scheduled for noon to 2
p.m. Saturday, April 19, on the Tower Grove House
lawn.

It was in January when five volunteers braced the
cold and snow to meet with Alice Lynch, Tower
Grove House manager, to form the new Auxiliary.
The organization has a two-fold purpose: to stimulate
public interest in the House and to plan money-
making projects to benefit Tower Grove House.

Mrs. L.G. Akers and Mrs. Erwin Briehan were
chosen as co-chairman of the Auxiliary. Mrs. J. Edgar
Lumpkin is recording secretary and Mrs. Robert M.
Siegmund is assistant recording secretary.

Other members of the organization are Mrs.
Bernard R. Blume, Mrs. W.L. Crowder, Mrs. Edward
Grace, Mrs. Pierre Grace, Mrs. Edward W. Hill, Mrs.
G.K. Phoenix, Mrs. Robert Chapman, Mrs. Victor A.
Silber, Mrs. Donald L. Freeman, Mrs. William E.
Barnes and Mrs. Thomas W. Shields.

The $5 price of the box lunch includes a tour of
Tower Grove House and a “‘surprise’”’ for each partici-
pant. Reservations should be made before April 15,
to the Tower Grove House Auxiliary, in care of the
Garden. In the event of inclement weather, the box
lunch will be served in the Museum Building.

Orchids Lend Exotic Beauty to Asian Ceramics at Art Museum

The exotic flowers that grow with ease and pro-
fusion in the sultry tropics of Indonesia — orchids —
will be used in abundance at the St. Louis Art Muse-
um later this month to provide an appropriate setting
for display of Southeast Asian ceramics.

The intricate and delicate beauty of orchids from
the Missouri Botanical Garden will enhance the orien-
tal ceramics, brought to St. Louis by The Asia
Society.

The unusual exhibition, cosponsored by the Mis-
sour! Botanical Garden and the Art Museum, opens
on April 28 with a special preview for members of the
Garden and friends of the Museum. The Garden’s
orchid display will remain on exhibit through May 9.

A special Garden Members’ tour of the exhibition
is scheduled for Wednesday, May 4. Accompanied by
a museum guide, a bus will leave the Garden at 10
a.m. for the art museum, where the group will be
escorted through the exhibition by museum docents.
Following the tour, sherry will be served in the meet-
ing room at 11:30 a.m., followed by luncheon at the
museum. The cost for the tour, including luncheon, is
$6.75. For reservations, please, call the Members’ Of-
fice, 772-7600.

Members of the Garden, as well as Friends of the
Art Museum, are invited to a preview of the exhibit
on April 28, from 7 to 10 p.m. The ceramics exhibit
will feature more than 100 fine examples of highly

sophisticated ceramic art, from the areas now known
as Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam, collected by
Dean F. Frasche on many trips to the Malay penin-
sula since 1937.

For the preview, shuttle service will be provided
from the lighted parking lot at Government and
Cricket Drives, next to the handball courts in Forest
Park, to the art museum, during the three hours of
the preview party.

The exhibition was organized by Asia House Gal-
lery, New York, and Dean Frasche. It is supported by
grants from the National Endowment for the Arts
and the National Endowment for the Humanities,
both federal agencies; the Andrew Mellon Foundation
and the Ralph E. Ogden Foundation.

The Garden on the Air

From 10:02 to 10:26 p.m. on the first Sunday of
every month, the Missouri! Botanical Garden is on the
air — with KSD radio programs conducted by Robert
Dingwall, the Garden’s chief horticulturist. The
schedule:

April 6 — ‘’The Japanese Garden,”’ with Pro-
fessor Koichi Kawana, designer and architect of
the Japanese Garden, Assistant Professor of Art
and lecturer in environmental design at UCLA.

La

3

NIHON:
THE WORLD

OF THE
JAPANESE CHILD

In the spirit of Children’s Day, the Japanese holi-
day devoted to children, a day of special activities for
children, their parents and teachers has been sched-
uled for Saturday, May 7, at the Missouri Botanical
Garden. Nihon: The World of the Japanese Child is a
program sponsored by the Suwa Sister City Commit-
tee in cooperation with the Japanese American Citi-
zens League.

The day’s activities will include participatory
workshops, live performances, films, tours of the
Japanese Garden and a display of artwork created by
the children of St. Louis and Suwa, our Japanese Sis-
ter City. The philosophy of this program is expressed
by the ancient Chinese proverb — ‘‘Tell me, | forget.
Show me, | remember. Involve me, | understand.”
Thus, Nihon: The World of the Japanese Child will
allow children and adults to experience Japanese cul-
ture by hearing, seeing and doing things Japanese.

Volunteers from the St. Louis Section, National
Council of Jewish Women, the Asia Resource Center
of the University of Missouri-St. Louis, the Suwa Sis-
ter City Committee and the Japanese American Citi-
zens League will conduct workshops in ikebana (flow-
er arranging) and flower pressing, woodblock cutting
and printing, origami, puppetry and mythology, song
and dance, haiku and kitemaking.

These workshops will give children and teachers a
preview of the learning activities incorporated in the
forthcoming National Council of Jewish Women’s
free travelling children’s exhibit on Japanese culture.

The day’s program will also feature several live
performances. Andrew T. Tsubaki, Director, Interna-
tional Theatre Studies Center, University of Kansas,
and several of his students will provide St. Louisans a
rare Opportunity to view performances of classical
dance, theatre and a demonstration of style make-up.
Other performances will include the martial arts and
dancing by the Sakura Dancers.

Participants must register in advance for the tours
and all workshops except song and dance. Some
workshops require a small fee for materials. Call
Kathy Pierson at 453-5521 for a brochure with
schedule of events and registration information.

4

Members’ Day

On Friday, May 6, a special Members’ Day will be
held to celebrate the official opening of the new Japa-
nese Garden, Se/wa-En.

From 3 p.m. to 6:30 p.m., guides will be sta-
tioned at various points of interest throughout the
Japanese Garden to provide informative talks. A Japa-
nese Tea Ceremony, ‘‘Cha No Yu,” will be presented
by Mrs. Kikue Shirasaki Atkins at 3:45 p.m.

Following this, there will be a series of perform-
ances by students from the University of Kansas In-
ternational Theatre Studies Center, led by Professor
Andrew T. Tsubaki. The program will include
Kyogen-style and No-style dancing, a fighting se-
quence, and a demonstration of applying Kabuki
style make-up. Special refreshments will be served
and a commemorative gift will also be available for
our Members.

Subtropical Treasures of Japan

From April 16 to May 15: the Climatron will be
the site of a self-guiding tour of subtropical plants of
Japan. More than three dozen plants native to that
country will be featured on the tour, which celebrates
the dedication of the Japanese Garden, on May 5.
Guide leaflets will be available, providing visitors with
the names — Japanese, English and scientific — of
each plant as well as information on where it may still
be found growing wild in Japan. Among those plants
which will be seen on the tour are the loquat, shell
ginger, sweet olive, holly fern, creeping fig, crinum
lily, and wax plant.

The Century Plant and its Kin

The Desert House from April 9 through April 24: will
feature an exhibit of the genus Agave, to which the
century plant belongs. Most of the Garden's collec-
tion of over forty different agaves will be on display.
The exhibit, which will be located in the western end
of the Desert House, will focus on the economic im-
portance of this interesting group of American succu-
lents. In addition to being highly decorative, these
spiny-leaved plants have provided man with a wealth
of important products, ranging from binding twine to
a national beverage. Information regarding their avail-
ability and suitability for home culture will also be
presented.

The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is pub-
lished 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical
Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110.
Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year.
$6.00 foreign.

Biblical Plants of the
Mediterranean

Plants cited in the Bible will be displayed in an
unusual self-guiding tour from April 2 through May 1
in the Mediterranean House at the Missouri Botanical
Garden.

In all, about two dozen Biblical plants will be
included on the tour. Guide leaflets will be available,
providing visitors with the Biblical name, modern
common name and scientific name of each plant, as
well as one or more references to it in the Bible.

Especially, Old Testament quotations will be em-
phasized, from the Books of Genesis, Exodus, Deuter-
onomy and Isaiah, in observance of Passover, April 3
— April 10, and Easter, April 10. New Testament
quotations are taken from the synoptic Gospels and
Revelations.

Among plants to be seen on the tour are the rose
of sharon, balm of Gilead, crown of thorns, hyssop,
myrrh, camphire, gopher wood, nettle, pomegranate,
wormwood, cypress, fig and olive trees, sources of
bitter herbs, lilies of the field, and grape vines.

Identifying labels for the Biblical plants will in-
clude information as to how the plants were used by
Biblical man. The carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua), for
example, a member of the pea family, produces a pod
which was not only edible but was used as a unit of
weight and measure. The word “‘carat’’ is a derivation,
and is used in measuring precious gems. In the dis-
play, the carob represents the ‘‘husks’’ of the Bible.

The Mediterranean House simulates the mediter-
ranean climate — cool moist winters and hot dry sum-
mers — in which these plants have their origin.

“A bell and a pomegranate, a bell and a pomegranate, round about the
hem of the robe to minister in; as the Lord commanded Moses.”
(Exodus 39:24-26). Pomegranate — Punica granatum (Punicaceae) jn
flower in the Mediterranean House.

Garden to Host AABGA

Conference

From April 21 through 25, the Garden will be the
host institution for the annual meeting of the Ameri-
can Association of Botanical Gardens and Arboreta
(AABGA), the only professional organization which
represents botanical gardens, arboreta, educational in-
stitutions and garden centers involved with public
horticulture,

The theme of the 1977 AABGA conference will
be ‘‘Master Plans; What Has the Architect in Store for
You?”

Principal speakers scheduled to address the con-
ference sessions include Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden
director; Professor Koichi Kawana, lecturer in envi-
ronmental design and landscape architecture at UCLA
and designer of the new Japanese Garden; Elizabeth
Scholtz, director of the Brooklyn (N.Y.) Botanical
Garden; and Dr. Howard Irwin, director of the New
York Botanical Garden.

Conference activities will include sessions at the
Clayton Inn in Clayton and tours of the Garden, the
Shaw Arboretum in Gray Summit and special gardens
in the St. Louis area.

Registration fee for the total conference package,
including all meals and tours, is $172.75; registration
fee only is $70.00. The fee for registration on a daily
basis is $20.00, and students will be admitted at a
special rate. For information, call 772-7600, ext. 20.

Children Again Benefit from
Schlafly Grant

Thousands of St. Louis public school children
again will be able to participate in education pro-
grams at the Garden in 1977, because of a support
grant contributed to the Garden by Mr. and Mrs.
Daniel L. Schlafly.

Mr. Schlafly, St. Louis businessman and civic
leader, is second vice president of the Garden’s Board
of Trustees. He is also a member of the St. Louis
Board of Education and serves as chairman of the St.
Louis University Board of Trustees.

The Schlafly grant, instituted in 1976 but con-
tinued for the current year, covers the admission
and material costs for school children and teachers to
attend more than 40 separate educational programs
during the year. The programs include plant science
lectures, workshops on plant identification, horticul-
ture and investigation, and guided tours of both the
Garden and the Shaw Arboretum at Gray Summit,
Mo.

Between February and May of 1976 — under the
Schlafly grant — more than 55,000 public school chil-
dren participated in Garden education programs,
compared to 14,000 in 1975, before the grant pro-
gram was in effect.

3)

Flora of Peru

In Amazonian Peru, there are no roads and vir-
tually all travel is by boat along the Amazon River
and its tributaries. Drenchings and engine malfunc-
tion are everyday occurences. Climbing a vine is often
the method of collecting botanical specimens. And
the landscape is shared by such inhabitants as piranha
fish, Amazon sting rays and electric eels.

But Amazonian Peru is also nearly synonymous
with botanical diversity, and the Garden is there.

The National Science Foundation recently an-

nounced a $38,200 grant for the continued support

of a project entitled ‘’Floristics of Amazonian Peru,”
under the direction of Dr. Al Gentry of the Garden's

Botany Department. A cooperative enterprise of the

Garden and the Field Museum of Natural History in
Chicago, the project will lead to completion of a pub-
lished countrywide Flora of Peru, the first 20th Cen-
tury Flora for any South American country.

Tynnanthus villosus, a new species of the Bignoniaceae, trumpet
creeper family, described by Dr. Gentry in 1976.

The grant will support the second year of a three-
year period of investigation, which emphasizes plant-
collecting in Amazonia, botanically the country’s
richest but least known region.

Dr. Gentry, a specialist in the taxonomy and
floristics of tropical plants, was in the field in Peru in
January-February and June-July of 1976, and left St.
Louis this past February for additional specimen col-
lection there.

Also engaged in collecting herbarium specimens is
a Peruvian botanist, Juan Revilla, who works from
the Garden's laboratory facility in Iquitos. Botanists
from a number of other institutions, both in the

6

United States and abroad, are also collaborating on
the project.

The Amazonian region of Peru is not extensively
explored and many of the plant species being col-
lected have already proved ‘‘new to science.”’ It is
hypothesized that during Pleistocene climactic fluctu-
ations, Amazonian Peru provided a major refugium
for rain forest plants. If this is so, many evolutionari-
ly important relict species with restricted distribu-
tions may be discovered during the course of botani-
cal explorations there.

In light of such botanical potential, a few annoy-
ances — such as sting rays and electric eels — become
unimportant amid the excitement of collecting plants
in this little known botanical treasurehouse.

Spring Lecture Series Continues

The second part of the spring Lecture Series for
Garden Members, ‘‘Potpourri of Presentations,” will
be held on four April Wednesdays, beginning April 6.

Due to ill health, Leslie Greenwood, famous bo-
tanical illustrator of ‘‘Flowers of the World,” will not
be able to come to St. Louis from England for his
scheduled lectures at the Garden.

On April 6 at 8 p.m., Members will hear a com-
prehensive overview of the gardening year to be given
by Robert Dingwall, chief horticulturist at the Gar-
den. He will speak on ‘‘The Four Seasons Garden
Technique.”

The rest of the series is as follows:

April 13, “Arnold Arboretum’ — a superb film
introduction to one of the great garden treasures of
the United States. The diverse educational and re-
search activities of Harvard University’s large arbore-
tum are explained, with a look at horticultural and
botanical work rarely examined in film. Students of
science and ecology, as well as anyone concerned
about the natural environment, will find this an inter-
esting and useful film about a 100-year old ‘‘museum
for threes’’ designed by famous landscape artist,
Frederick Law Olmstead;

‘Poisonous Plants’’ — a film on the 300 species of
harmful plants known to exist in America, in your
garden, or in your kitchen. The simple safety rules
offered in this film are a valuable aid in avoiding the
common plants that may cause harm.

April 20, “‘Living Gardens of Longwood,”
“Orchids of Longwood Gardens,”’ ‘‘Waterlilies of
Longwood Gardens”’ and ‘‘Chrysanthemums’’ — four
outstanding films reflecting the botanical beauty of
the Longwood Gardens at Kenneth Square, Penn.

April 27, ‘Afghanistan: Landscapes and Gardens”
by Tamra Engelhorn Raven. Afghanistan, in Central
Asia, where East and West have met since before the
time of Alexander the Great, is also the homeland of
many of the wild relatives of both cultivated plants
and domesticated animals. The Persian Garden, with
its roots in the West, and the sacred grove from the
East, both occur in Afghanistan.

State Park Study

In the fall of 1976, the Ecological Services De-
partment conducted an inventory of the natural re-
sources of St. Joe State Park, Flat River, to assist in
the master planning of this recent addition to the
state park system.

St. Joe Minerals Corporation donated the
8,500-acre Flat River mining tract to the State of
Missouri last September, after a century on the site of
what at one time was the largest lead mine in the
world. The lead mining operations have since moved
to Viburnum in the New Lead Belt.

Later, the Department of Natural Resources
awarded Team Four, a St. Louis planning and design
firm, a contract to design the park master plan. Under
a $10,000 subcontract with Team Four, the Garden
provided a vegetation map and interpretation of the
park’s natural resources. Dr. William M. Klein served
as project director and Richard H. Daley as director
of field studies. The contract was managed by Helen
Sussmann Parker and Dr. David Spellman was respon-
sible for the plant collections, identifications, and
much of the field vegetation mapping.

Dr. David Spellman, eonaitan. ene in the field as part of a St. Joe
State Park natural resources inventory conducted by the Garden’s
Ecological Services Department.

The park’s topography is diverse, and eight dis-
tinct plant communities were described and mapped
during the field study. Wildlife habitat was evaluated,
and the fish fauna in several small lakes was sampled
to provide an indicator of water quality. The survey
concluded that the park flora is typical of the north-
ern Ozarks, and that the water quality appears to be
high.

The park includes an Ozark pinery where short-
leaf pine and red and white oaks form a tall, dense
canopy in one of the most scenic of the site’s plant
communities.

The mining history of the park land resulted ina
most unique landscape feature — more than 1000
acres of sand-like waste from the lead extraction pro-
cess. The reclamation of this flat, open area was be-
gun by St. Joe Minerals Corporation. Their efforts
created an extremely interesting plant association
which has begun to resemble a sand prairie, a grass-
land community which is naturally found west of
Missouri, especially in the central Great Plains.

Team Four has made an analysis of the outdoor
recreation demands which might be served by the
new park and, in conjunction with Anselevecius-
Rupe, architects, is reviewing the feasibility of crea-
ting a mining museum in one or more of the original
mine buildings. Sverdrup Corporation, engineers, is
also working on the project, examining engineering
constraints which might affect park development.
These data and those from the natural systems survey
conducted by the Garden will be used to develop the
master plan for the Missouri Department of Natural
Resources. The Ecological Services Department staff
is continuing to provide consultation on the biologi-
cal and ecological features of this park site, so that
the survey will provide a good basis for land use deci-
sions which will capitalize on the many opportunities
available at the new St. Joe State Park.

CANADIAN ROCKIES TOUR
JUNE 12 — JUNE 20, 1977

Nine days filled with breathtaking scenes of
mountain grandeur and brilliant floral displays.
Total cost of the tour is $979.00, which includes
round trip airfare, private motor coach transpor-
tation, a// meals, sharing twin bedroom with
bath, sightseeing, admissions, taxes, transfers, es-
cort, luggage handling and a $50.00 tax deduc-
tible contribution to the Garden. Don’t miss this
Opportunity to enjoy the scenic beauty of the
Canadian Rocky Mountains. Space is limited.

AUTUMN IN NEW ENGLAND

An autumn excursion into the pristine New
England countryside and including a number of
historic sites has been planned for Garden Mem-
bers from September 25 through October 2.

Natural wonders included in the itinerary are
the Adirondack Mountains, the Green Moun-
tains, the White Mountains and the Berkshires,
Lake George, Lake Champlain and the region’s
rockbound coastal areas. Cities to be toured in-
clude Gloucester, Boston, Lexington and Con-
cord, Massachusetts.

Cost of the excursion is $723 (single occu-
pancy), $635 (twin) or $612 (triple). For addi-
tional information, please contact the Members
Office at 772-7600, extension 25.

Garden Visitors

Members of the National Life-
stock Feeders tour Tower Grove
House during a recent Garden
visit. Some 400 NLF members
were in the group.

The Desert House drew members of the Archives
of American Artists, who toured the Garden while attending
a national conference in St. Louis.

Flower Sunday at
Christ Church Cathedral

/

“Flower Sunday,’ the annual religious service at
Christ Church Cathedral established at the bequest of
Henry Shaw, has been scheduled this year for Sun-
day, April 24, with the sermon to be delivered by
Neil H. Porterfield, president of HOK Associates.

Since 1890, one Sunday each year has been
selected as ‘’Flower Sunday,’ according to the wishes
stated in Mr. Shaw’s will, that a sermon be preached
‘“‘“on the wisdom and goodness of God as shown in the
growth of flowers, fruits and other products of the
vegetable Kingdom.”

Mr. Shaw asked also that the Cathedral be decor-
ated for the day with flowers taken from the Missouri
Botanical Garden.

CALDER SCULPTURE AT GARDEN

Five Rudders, an Alexander Calder sculpture
on loan from the Steinberg Gallery at Washing-
ton University, will be on display April 1
through October 31 in the Lily Pool near the
Garden’s Main Gate.

Scientists Present
Book to Garden

Dr. Frans A. Stafleu of the University of Utrecht,
the Netherlands, and Dr. Richard S. Cowan of the
Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, have
presented a copy of their book — ‘’Taxonomic Litera-
ture,’ Vol. 1, Second Edition — to the Missouri Bo-
tanical Garden.

The two scientists, who conducted the major por-
tion of the book's research work at the Garden, were
in St. Louis for the presentation and additional re-
search work.

The Garden’s library is one of the most extensive
botanical research resources in the world, the reposi-
tory of more than 300,000 books and other mate-
rials. To prepare their book, Drs. Stafleu and Cowan
have visited the Garden library twice a year for the
past three years.

Dr. Frans Stafleu of the Netherlands, left, and Dr. Richard Cowan of
the Smithsonian Institution review rare book resources in the library.

Seeing Green

If your Bulletin has been tagged with a green
sticker, it is a reminder that your membership has
expired. We want you to continue to receive all mem-
bership benefits, especially the Bulletin, so the sticker
is attached after renewal letters are sent out. Should
you continue to receive green-stickered Bulletins after
you have renewed, please understand there is a time
lag involved in updating our membership lists, and the
actual mailing date of the Bulletin.

The Members’ office updates the membership list
daily. So if you have any questions, please, don’t hesi-
tate to contact the Members’ office.

—Nancy Lammers
Executive Secretary
Members of the Garden

Garden Library Hears
Opportunity Knocking

In recent weeks, the Garden library has been of-
fered several opportunities to purchase certain valu-
able items that would serve to strengthen portions of
its research collections. Donors are needed to help
underwrite all or part of the cost of three items in
particular:

Research Catalog of the Library of the American
Museum of Natural History. This set of thirteen vol-
umes reproduces in book form the library catalog of
one of the greatest book and journal collections on
natural history in the United States, listing some
300,000 volumes, as well as the Museum’s collections
of rare books, manuscripts, pamphlets, visuals, and
letters. The addition of this important reference tool
to the Missouri Botanical Garden Library would
greatly facilitate the Garden’s research efforts by pro-
viding us with access to the bibliographic records of
another major research collection.

Portrait and Manuscript Collection. A rare and
irreplaceable collection of portraits and manuscript
materials relating to the history of European botany
from the sixteenth through the nineteenth centuries
has been made available to the library. The portraits
in this collection, which would be added to our exist-
ing portrait collection, include engravings of botanists
and natural historians both famous and obscure, in-
cluding such notables as Captain James Cook and
Alexander von Humboldt. The manuscripts include
autograph letters, holographic lecture notes, and
manuscript drafts of articles by eleven different nine-
teenth and twentieth centure botanists, including Sir
William Jackson Hooker, once director of the Royal
Botanic Gardens, Kew; and Karl Friedrich Philipp von
Martius, whose F/ora Brasiliensis (15 vols,
1840-1906) remains one of the most important bo-
tanical studies of Latin America.

Paintings from Nootka Sound. |n 1792, as part of
the continuing dispute between Spain and England
over possession of portions of what is now Washing
ton and British Columbia, the Spanish throne author-
ized an expedition to Nootka Sound under Captain
Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra. As well as
having a political motivation, the expedition was
charged with scientific exploration as well, and an
accompanying botanist and a staff of artists produced
descriptions of plants discovered along the Pacific
coast, and paintings of these plants as well. The li-
brary has the opportunity to acquire two of these
Original watercolors for inclusion in the Garden’s col-
lection of important scientific illustrations.

Contributions for any of these materials are tax
deductible. Anyone wishing to donate toward the ac-
quisition of these items is invited to contact Dr. Peter
H. Raven or the Head Librarian, James Reed.

2

Gardening in St. Louis

WINTER DAMAGE

Results of the winter damage, particularly the
freezing back of plants, becomes a major concern this
month. Where flower buds have been frozen, wait
until the plant starts making actual growth, and re-
move all material back to the areas where growth
emerges. If the cuts are %-inch or more, use a good
tree paint over the cut to help prevent decay from
setting in.

Hollies, which have been frozen back severely, in
many cases will rebreak near the ground level. They
will make good growth, however, provided they are
kept properly watered and mulched over the spring.
All dead wood, of course, should be removed. The
new growth coming will be superior in most cases to
plant replacements, unless you are able to find local
winter hardy plants that were not damaged severely.

Rhododendrons on an east or south exposure
may be frozen back. They need protection from the
southwest winds particularly. It helps to locate them
on the north side of a building, out of the winter sun.

CORRECTIVE PRUNING

Partly damaged plants may need corrective prun-
ing to reshape them, requiring the removal of some
good growth which was not affected. In severe cases
soft succulent growth will develop. Removing some
of this new growth will allow the plant’s strength to
go into sturdy growth that is properly spaced and
open for good aeration.

Roses can be pruned any time from the first of
April through mid-April and the variety that you are
growing will determine the height of pruning.

If the roses have been in a vigorous condition last
year and appear in good growth now, plants can be
pruned 10 to 12 inches above the ground level. You
should prune to an outside bud to encourage the new
growth to come up and out away from the center of
the plant. Leave three to four sturdy canes; if the
roses are weak, remove all but two canes cutting
these back to six to eight inches above the top of the
plant. Immediately following pruning, work addl-
tional superphosphate and a balanced fertilizer such
as a 6-12-12 lightly around the base of the plant. If
soil conditions are somewhat dry, this should be fol-
lowed with a good watering program. Spraying with a
good fungicide such as Benlate should be commenced
as soon as new growth begins to appear. Make sure
that you spray under the leaves as well as on top.
Repeat if needed or after any heavy rain. Trees and
shrubs which appear to be badly frozen back this
spring due to the severe weather can be pruned now
that new growth is beginning to show.

In many cases, it may be necessary to cut the
plants back very severely to encourage the growth to
come to the base of the plant.

10

CRABGRASS KILLER

Pre-emerge crabgrass killer should be applied from
mid-April to late April for control of crabgrass later
on. Make sure that directions are followed and that
the pre-emerge is applied evenly over the area.

A second application of lawn feed can be applied
in late April to stimulate good growth. This should be
a fertilizer which is low in nitrogen such as a 5-10-10
or 6-12-12.

Areas which were seeded in early March and ap-
pear to have a weed problem can have a herbicide
used the later part of April without injuring the new
grass, provided that directions are followed according
to the material being used. Herbicides should not be
applied where new seed is being planted or where
seedlings are less than 6 weeks old. Azaleas, rhodo-
dendrons, and other ericaceous plants, including hol-
lies, can have iron chelate with epsom salts, one table-
spoon of each to a gallon of water applied to the
plants to help correct the chloratic conditions. Three
to four gallons should be applied for plants that are
two to three feet high; increase this amount according
to the largest size of the plants involved.

COOL VEGETABLES

All cool vegetable plants should now be planted
in seed or in transplant form into the garden so as to
get a good early start. If these are delayed until late
April, they will not mature as rapidly and will occupy
space over a longer period of time.

Garden areas should be well worked up prior to
planting with superphosphate added and plenty of
organic matter. Newly set out plants can be mulched
lightly to help to control moisture and temperature
conditions, increasing the mulch as the plants con-
tinue to grow until the mulch is two to three inches
deep. This will help to control weeds through the
summer months.

Warm vegetable crops should not be set out until
all danger of cold is over and usually this does not
occur in this area until late in April. Setting them out
too early can cause a setback and they will take long-
er to mature than if they were set out at the proper
planting time. Many of the new hybrid vegetables will
be available at the garden centers throughout the met-
ropolitan area and a number of these are ideal for
container growing for people with limited space. Spe-
cially prepared soil mixes which are light weight are
available, such as Metro-mix. These are ideal to use in
hanging baskets and they make ideal planters where
weight could be a problem. Make sure that plants are
kept moderately moist and feed them at regular inter-
vals to keep them in good condition.

HOBBY GREENHOUSES
Hobby greenhouses should be carefully watched

during this month to see that the temperatures do not
build up too much and also to prevent severe drafts
should we have any cold spells. Gradually you should
leave your greenhouse open in the evening to harden
off your plants for several days before they are placed
in protected areas outside for several days before
planting in permanent locations in the garden.

Potted plants should not be moved outdoors until
late in April or early May. For continuous bloom of
gladiolus, plantings started in mid-March should now
be repotted the end of the first week in April and at
three to four week intervals until late June for a con-
tinuous supply of cut flowers throughout the mid-
summer and late summer periods. Caladiums, which
come in multi-shaded colors, can be planted out in
the garden in late April for semi-shaded areas where
lack of sun is a problem along with impatiens and
coleus for a good color effect.

Watch for insect problems and observe your gar-
den daily and spray individual plants as needed rather
than the whole garden. Sprays are best when applied
early in the morning just as the sun is beginning to
come up and before the temperature gets too high.
Avoid all sprays once the temperature is 80 degrees or
over as this can cause burning to your plants. If water
is needed, apply to the equivalent of two inches of
rain so as to encourage deep rooting.

— Robert J. Dingwall
Chief Horticulturist

Trip to Japan

Garden Members taking advantage of the fall trip
to Japan, Oct. 2-22, will have the chance to examine
at close hand some of the most famous gardens in the
world.

At Kyoto, the group will visit the 17th century
Sento-Gosho, which was designed by Kobori Enshu
and completed in 1628, as an Emperor's residence.
The strolling visitor will see a rich profusion of vary-
ing scenes and vistas, all relating harmoniously to the
central focal point, the pond.

A garden noted for the horizontal stress of its
composition, low rock formations set in a gently roll-
ing moss-covered surface backed by a low, formal
straight hedge is Entsu-ji, also at Kyoto. Distant
Mount Hiei forms an integral part of the total scene,
which is a superb example of the ‘‘borrowed land-
scape’ technique.

Members interested in the trip to Japan, which
includes a tax-deductible gift to the Missouri Botani-
cal Garden, should call the Members office 772-7600.
Reservations are limited.

Member of
The Arts and Education
Fund of Greater St.Louis

FEBRUARY 1977 MEMBERSHIPS

Mr. James P. Baker
Mr. E.R. Bagley
Mr./Mrs. Francis Bardot
Mrs. Carolyn Barker
Mr, James John Bemberg
Mrs. Richard Best
Ms. Mary Lou Biasini
Boubon Wayside Garden Club
Mr./Mrs. Thomas R, Brinker
Miss Marie Brown
Mr. Raymond J. Brusca
Miss Joy L. Bossler
Mr. Edward W, Bydalek
Mr. Clayton E. Campbell
Mr./Mrs. Gerald K. Claycomb
Mrs. Edward Cole
Mr. Timothy Compton
Dr. Katherine M, Conable
Mr./Mrs. R.W. Danyluck
Mr./Mrs. M. Richard Dennert
NEW SUSTAINING MEMBERSHIP Mr./Mrs. L.M. Dyer

; Mr./Mrs. Paul Edwards
St. Louis Herb Society Dr./Mrs. Donald H. Eldredge

Ms. Juanita M. Ellis
NEW CONTRIBUTING Mr. Tom J. Feldewerth
MEMBERSHIPS

Mrs. Arthur B. Friedman
Mrs. Mary Gibson

Mrs. Harvard K, Hecker

Mr. Mark A. Troutt, Sr.

HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES

Mr./Mrs. Howard F. Baer
Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom
Mr./Mrs. Watson T. Blair

Mrs. John S. Lehmann

Mr./Mrs. James S. McDonnell, Jr.
Mrs. Gladney Ross

Mr./Mrs. Sydney Shoenberg, Jr.
Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Sr.

Mrs. Hermann F. Spoehrer
Mr./Mrs. C.C. Johnson Spink
Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr.
Mrs. Ben H. Wells

DIRECTOR'S ASSOCIATE

Mr./Mrs. Roland Quest
Mr. Roy Tartar
Miss Harriet Tatman

Mr./Mrs. Edward Goldstein
Good Earth Garden Club
Ms. Carolyn A. Gray
NEW MEMBERSHIPS

Mrs. W.G. Alexander
Mr./Mrs. David L, Armstrong
Mr./Mrs. Robert Auer

Garden Tribute

Spring, a season of botanical growth, is also a
time when Garden Members and friends might pause
and consider contributing to the growth of the Gar-
den itself.

Generous gifts to the Tribute Fund — given in
memory of someone, in honor of someone or to mark
a special occasion — help to ensure the maintenance
and expansion of one of our nation’s most renowned
institutions. Gifts of $25 or more may be directed for
a specific purpose.

Please clip the attached form and use it to be-
come a contributor to the Tribute Fund.

(Continued next page)

The enclosed contribution to the Missouri Bo-
| tanical Garden is given:

|
In memory of

In honor of

| On the occasion of ee rrenneneee

Please notify:

from:

Please make checks payable to Missouri Botani-
cal Garden, and send with this form. Contribu-
tions are tax deductible.

Mr./Mrs. Preston C, Haglin, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Larry A, Haskin
Mr./Mrs. Maurice R. Helmich
Mr./Mrs. D. Hamby

Mr./Mrs. Harold Henrick
Mrs. Cecilia V, Hepp
Mr./Mrs. Edwin J. Hussey
Mr./Mrs. Homer Jones

Ms. Mary Anne Jorgen
Mr,./Mrs. Charles F. Jost
Mr./Mrs. Michael Kalish
Kehrs Mill View Garden Club
Mr./Mrs. Stanley P. Kolker
Mr./Mrs. Murray F. Lewis
Ms. Angelita Lim

Mr./Mrs. Keltner W. Locke
Dr./Mrs, G.R. Marshall
Mattese Meadows Garden Club
Mr./Mrs. Charles May tas
Mr./Mrs. Frank M. Maytas
Miss Willa M. Morriss
Mr./Mrs. Norbert R. Mueller
Mr./Mrs. Thomas Neu

Mr. E. Andrew Orlet

Miss Carolyn Osborn

Mrs. Georgia Overlin
Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Pillischafske
Ms. Anne E. Plovanich
Mr./Mrs. Ronald L. Pohle
Miss Madeline O. Price
Mr./Mrs. William H.C. Reinert
Mr./Mrs. E.J. Renfro
Mr./Mrs. A.W. Rengel
Mr./Mrs. James J. Roberts
Miss Claudia Rudloff

Mr. Robert W. Sadlon
Mr./Mrs. Fred E. Satchell
Miss Minnie M. Schambra
Mrs. Max Shapiro

Mr./Mrs. E.G. Shelp

Mr. Tom Skiles, Jr.

Mr./Mrs. Dave Stokes

Mrs. Sidney Studt

Dr./Mrs. Robert W. Tichenor
Mr./Mrs. Robert Van Hook
Ms. Joan M. Vitale

Mr./Mrs. Daniel Walz

Mrs. Allen Wehrli

Mr./Mrs. John K, Wesley
Mr./Mrs. Arson White
Mr./Mrs. Glenn A. Williams
Mr./Mrs. Raymond E, Wilson
Miss Ann Wimer

Mr./Mrs. H. Wolkowitz

Mr. Nelson | Wu

Mr./Mrs. Cecil C. Wuth

INCREASE IN
MEMBERSHIP
SPONSORING

Mrs. Louis Werner, I

SUSTAINING

Mr./Mrs. George K. Conant
Mrs. Fred R. Hammond
Mrs. Walter F. Heinecke
Mr./Mrs. Edward J. Hogan
Mr./Mrs. A.S. Lee

Mr./Mrs. Shadrach F. Morris
Mr./Mrs. Joseph F. Ruwitch
Mr./Mrs. Richard K. Weil

CONTRIBUTING

Mr./Mrs. Keith Aschinger

Ms. Eva B. Blackwelder
Dr./Mrs. James R, Criscione
Mr, David M, Culver

Mr./Mrs, Earnest R. Doty
Mr./Mrs. Raymond A. Epstein
Mr./Mrs. John L. Evans
Dr./Mrs. A.E. Fathman
Mr./Mrs. Francis M. Gaffney
Mr. Michael J. Geders
Mr./Mrs. A.S,. Love

Mr./Mrs. Charles J. Moore, Jr.
Mrs. G.P. Plaisance

Mr./Mrs. Peter A. Puleo
Mr./Mrs. Henry T. Schlapp
Mrs. John M. Shoenberg
Mr./Mrs. L.E. Smart

Mr./Mrs. H. Edwin Trushein
Dr./Mrs. Roger H. Secker-Walker
Mrs. S.A. Weintraub

Mrs. Elizabeth N. Young

FEBRUARY 1977 TRIBUTES

In Honor of Mr. Hubert Moog’s Birthday
Mr./Mrs. Ellis C. Littmann

In Honor of Mrs. Hyman Senturia’s Birthday
Mr./Mrs. Tobias Lewin

In Honor of Mrs. Walter Stern's Birthday
Mrs. S.E. Freund

In Honor of Mr. Melvin Strassner’s Birthday
Mr./Mrs. Ellis C. Littmann

In Memory of Mrs. George N. Bishop
Clayton Garden Club Group III

In Memory of Mr. and Mrs. Robert Blanche
Mrs. William J. Chapmen

In Memory of Mrs. Preston Bosley
Rose Society of Greater St. Louis

In Memory of Mrs. F. Baker DeCamp
Mr./Mrs. Jervis Janney, Jr.
Mrs. M.R. Stahl

In Memory of Mr. James C. Funk
Doug and Fern Newman

In Memory of Mr. Steve Georgieff's Father
Mr./Mrs. Joseph J. Reiss

In Memory of Mrs. C.J. Gissy
Dr./Mrs. Armand D. Fries

In Memory of Robert M. Hancock

Chi Qmega Bridge Club

Faculty and Staff of Westerville South
High School

In Memory of Mrs. H.C. Henger
Mrs. Ralph C, Becker
Mr./Mrs. Wylie Todd

In Memory of Miss Nell Horner
Mrs. John K, Bryan

In Memory of John and Helen Joynt
Mr./Mrs. Arthur F, Boettcher, Jr.

In Memory of Carl A. and Helen Koerner
The Paul P. Mueller Family

In Memory of Mrs. Jackie Leary
Clayton Garden Club No. 2

In Memory of Mr. Carl LeClaire

Mrs. Armand A. Grosse

In Memory of Mr. and Mrs. Max Mason
Dr. M.J. Payne

In Memory of Leo Meyer
Margaret and Louise Carr

In Memory of Mr. William G. Moore, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. J.A. Baer II

Mrs. L.W. Butler

Mrs. Jean-Jacques Carnal

Mrs. John S. Lehmann

Mr./Mrs. C. Powell Whitehead

Mr./Mrs. Harry Wuertenbaecher, Jr.

In Memory of Henrietta Marie Nansen
Mrs. Warren Berger

Color-Art Printing & Stationery Co.
W.L. Davis

Mr./Mrs. H.W. Endres, Jr.

Dan and Jane Goetz

Mrs. Faye Green

Enoch Harding, Jr.

Martha Kaltwasser

Kellwood Company

Ralph Mattick

Adelaide H. McLagan

Mr./Mrs. William E. Rhodes

Mr./Mrs. Dan Sakahara

Tower Grove Bank & Trust Co.,
Officers, Directors, and Employees

Mr./Mrs. John D. Weiss

Bill and Betty Wenzel

Mr./Mrs. Fred W. Wenzel

In Memory of Mrs. Gertrude Peeper
Dr. M.J. Payne

In Memory of Mrs. Blanche Rozelle
Her Friends

In Memory of Anne Elder Schliecher
Mr./Mrs. E.A. Graham, Jr.

In Memory of Paul Van Buren
Ann and Jerry Mandelstamm

In Memory of Wesley Van Winkle
Mrs. E.R. Hurd, Jr.

In Memory of Mrs. Jacob Wallach
James E. Aumon

Arthur M. Branch, Jr.

Elaine Cohen

Miss Sara Gervich

Mr./Mrs. Adrian L. Klein

Alan and Silvia Mayer

William H. Mehrer

Myron B. Newman

Mrs. Louis Portner

In Memory of Mrs. Morris Winterman
Mrs. Edmund A. Hogbin, Jr.

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

2345 Tower Grove Avenue
Saint Louis, Missouri 63110

SECOND CLASS
POSTAGE

PAID
AT ST. LOUIS, MO.

Missouri
Botanical
Garden
Bulletin

Seiwa-En to be Dedicated May 5

a

Under spring clouds, Seiwa-En lives up to its name — “garden of pure, clear harmony and peace.” The garden’s logotype, upper right, depicts

a pine tree, symbolic of longevity and happiness.

After years of planning and construction, sup-
ported by an unprecedented level of commitment
from administrators, staff, friends and especially
donors, one of the most breathtaking accomplish-
ments in the Garden’s 118-year history will be dedi-
cated on Thursday, May 5, 1977.

On that day, Seiwa-En, the new Japanese Garden,
“the garden of pure, clear harmony and peace,”’ will
become a reality.

To mark the occasion, a four-day series of events
— dedicating the new garden and celebrating Japanese
culture and tradition — has been scheduled for May 5
through 8. The events will include the actual dedica-
tion ceremonies; a special Member's Day to view the
new garden; a day of Japanese-related activity for
children, their parents and teachers; and a Japanese
Festival Day for the general public.

THE DEDICATION

The dedication itself will begin at 5 p.m. on
Thursday, May 5, with opening remarks by Dr. Peter
H. Raven, Garden director and the principal force
behind the development of Seiwa-En. On hand to
welcome those in attendance will be Tom K. Smith,
Jr., president of the Garden Board of Trustees.

A special guest at the dedication, also scheduled
to speak, will be His Excellency Fumihiko Togo, Am-
bassador of Japan to the United States of America.
Ambassador Togo will be accompanied to St. Louis
by Madame Togo.

Other special guests will include The Honorable
Kiyoshi Sumiya, Consul General of Japan in Chicago;
Madame Sumiya; Mayor Setsuji |!wamoto of Suwa, St.
Louis’ sister-city in Japan; and elected officials and

Volume LXV Number 5
May 1977

Students from Farmington,

Mo., cross the Taikobashi (drum
bridge), one of the three traditional
Japanese foot bridges within the
new Garden.

dignitaries from Missouri and the St. Louis area.

The actual dedication ceremony will include a
traditional Shinto rite conducted by the Rev. Taiichi
Tsuyuki, head minister of the Konko Church in Los
Angeles, assisted by Toshitane Hirabayashi of
Nagano, Japan, whose firm constructed the Garden’s
Teahouse; the Rev. Takashi Murakami of Nagano, and
others, including Mrs. Tsuyuki. It will include:

— Onusa (Purification): this marks the opening of
the ceremony with a purification of the mind, heart
and soul, in order that all participants and attendants
may be prepared to receive and accept Kami’s (God's)
blessing;

— Norito (Main Prayer): this is the most impor-
tant part of the ceremony and is offered by the
Reverend Tsuyuki. The prayer embodies words of
purification, thanksgiving and prosperity for this cere-
mony and is. given in words of highest respect to
Kami;

— Saishu Tamakushi (Symbol of the True Heart):
conducted by the Reverend Tsuyuki, this offering
symbolizes our assurance to Kami that our hearts and
souls are pure. It also symbolizes our everlasting grati-
tude for Kami’s blessings, particularly the honor of
being allowed to perform this ceremony on this day;

— Kibimai (Sacred Dance): the dance will be per-
formed by Fujima Kansumi, a member of the Kan-
suma Kai (classical Japanese dancers) of Madame
Fujima Kansuma. The dance offered on this occasion
is called Kimigayo which means “eternal blessing.’

Later, immediately preceding the final remarks
offered by Dr. Raven, the Naorai (Holy Sake Cere-
mony) will be performed, including the drinking of
the sacred rice wine.

Also on Thursday, a dinner honoring Ambassador
and Mrs. Togo and the Consul! General Sumiya will be

2

held at the University Club.

MEMBERS’ DAY

On Friday, a special Members’ Day will be held as
part of the Japanese Garden dedication weekend. As
a memento of the occasion, Members will receive a
pine tree symbolic of the new garden’s logotype, it-
self a crest depicting a pine tree. The pine, essential to
any Japanese-style garden, traditionally is called
Tokiwa, a word meaning ‘‘evergreen” and a symbol
expressing longevity and happiness.

Highlights of the Members’ Day will include:

— A Japanese Tea Ceremony, ‘’Cha-No-Yu,”
presented by Mrs. Kikue Shirasaki Atkins, at 3:30
p.m. on a stage north of the Administration Building;

— The presentation to the Garden of a series of
historic Japanese calligraphy screens, created by the
late Japanese Prince Sadanaru Fushimi, who visited
the Japanese Imperial Garden at the 1904 St. Louis
World's Fair. The screens will be presented at 4:30
p.m. by Miss Sachiko Kacho and the Marchioness
Kacho, daughter and widow of the Marquis Hironobu
Kacho, formerly His Imperial Highness Prince
Hironobu Fushimi.

— At 4:45 p.m., the introduction of honored
guests, including delegations from Suwa, Japan, St.
Louis’ sister-city; and Nagano Prefecture, Missouri’s
sister-state.

— A performance by students from the University
of Kansas International Studies Center, led by Profes-
sor Andrew Tsubaki. The performance, at 5 p.m., will
include Kyogen-style and No-style dancing, as well as
a demonstration of the application of Kabuki-style
theatrical makeup;

There will also be a display of Japanese flower-
arranging, by Ikebana International, in the Floral Dis-
play House.

NIHON:
THE WORLD

OF THE
JAPANESE CHILD

On Saturday, May 7 — in the spirit of Children’s
Day, the Japanese holiday devoted to children — a
day of special activities for children, their parents and
teachers will be held at the Garden. The program is
sponsored by the Suwa Sister Committee in coopera-
tion with the Japanese American Citizens League.

Beginning at 9:30 a.m., activities will include par-
ticipatory workshops in Japanese arts and crafts, live
performances, films, tours of the Japanese Garden
and a display of artwork created by the children of
St. Louis and those of Suwa, Japan. Live perform-
ances will include traditional Japanese theater, the
martial arts and children’s dance.

Children and adults will experience Japanese cul-
ture by hearing, seeing and doing things Japanese.

Among those contributing to the Children’s Day
are the Asia Resource Center of the University of
Missouri-St. Louis; the Crunden-Martin Manufac-
turing Company; the St. Louis Chapter of the Japa-
nese American Citizens League; the Missouri Botani-
cal Garden; the Office of International Studies of
Washington University; the St. Louis Parks and Recre-
ation Department; the Riverwind Kite Works; the St.
Louis Regional Commerce and Growth Association;
the St. Louis Section, National Council of Jewish
Women; the Sister City Committees of St. Louis and
Suwa; and numerous advisors from the Japanese com-
munity of St. Louis.

GARDEN BOUQUETS
“Gentlemen:

On a recent visit to the Garden we had a most
delightful and informative experience through
the help of Mr. L. Kohn, who volunteered to be
our guide. His expertise and enthusiasm for the
Garden made our trip a most enjoyable and
memorable one.

Sincerely yours,

Mary and Felix Tuger

P.S. The other couple that was with us, Dr, and

Mrs. Don A. Livingston, also expressed their
appreciation. ”

Mothers Day, Sunday, May 8, will be Japanese
Festival Day at the Garden, sponsored by the Japa-
nese American Citizens League. Colorful elements of
the day-long celebration of Japanese culture will in-
clude:

— The Taiko Drummers from San Francisco;

— The Aikido Martial Arts Troupe from Chicago;

— Flower arrangement by Ikebana International;

— Kitemaking by Tal Streeter of New York;

— Bonsai demonstrations, pottery and _ calli-
graphy;

— Kimono modeling by the Harusame Club;

— Koto playing, a tea ceremony and various arts
and crafts, some created by the children of St. Louis
and Suwa, Japan;

— The Sakura Dancers, St. Louis Children’s
group.

Garden Members will be admitted without charge
to the Festival. There will be no charge for the festi-
val for non-members, beyond the regular Garden gate
admission price.

For the occasion, free shuttle bus service will be
available between the Garden and the Arena parking
lot, beginning at 10 a.m.

Calligraphy Panels Are Garden Gift

A set of historic Japanese calligraphy panels, fash-
ioned in 1920 by a Japanese prince who had visited
the Imperial Japanese Garden at the 1904 St. Louis
World’s Fair, will be presented to the Missouri Botani-
cal Garden at the time of the May 5 dedication of the
new Japanese Garden.

The panels are a gift of Mrs. Ruth Kacho, whose
late husband was the grandson of Prince Fushimi,
who visited the World’s Fair and fashioned the 12
panels.

Each more than five feet tall and 24 inches wide,
the panels were created by applying modified Japa-
nese writing, based on Chinese characters, to large
sheets of paper capable of absorbing the ink of the

characters.
3

Officers and committee members of the Newly-formed Tower Grove
House Auxiliary are, clockwise from left, Mrs. L. G. Akers, Mrs. Robert
Grote, Mrs. Rovert M. Siegmund, Mrs. J. Edgar Lumpkin, Mrs. Pierre
Grace, Mrs. Edward W. Hill, Mrs. Erwin Breihan, Mrs. Victor A. Silber
and Mrs, David Lynch.

Arboretum Schedules
Wildflower Walks

The native wildflowers of the northern Ozark re-
gion, on display exactly as they grow, will be the
subjects of a series of informative wildflower walks to
be hosted in May by the Shaw Arboretum in Gray
Summit, Mo.

The wildflower walks will be held each Tuesday
during the month, from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m., and will
take place along the Arboretum’s extensive woodland
trail system. Garden Members are welcome to take
part free of charge, and are asked to dress as the
weather dictates, wear comfortable walking shoes and
bring a sack lunch with drink.

Betty Nellums and Nell Menke, local naturalists,
will conduct the walks. They will gather each Tues-
day during the month at 10 a.m., at the Arboretum
visitor center. Members may attend a single session
or, to view the progression of wildflower blooming in
spring, may choose to attend several.

For non-members, there is no charge for the wild-
flower walks except for the regular Arboretum admis-
sion charge, $1.00 for adults and $.50 for children.
Additional information is available by calling
772-7600, extension 81.

4

Historic Homes Tour
Scheduled For May 14

The third annual Shaw Neighborhood Historic
Homes Tour will be held Saturday, May 14, from 10
a.m. until 5 p.m.

Featured on the tour this year will be Tower
Grove House, Henry Shaw’s Townhouse, two homes
on Flora Place, a totally renovated four-family resi-
dence, a home on Shaw Place and two apartments
recycled into a single family townhouse.

Due to the large number of requests, the Comp-
ton Hill Water Tower in Reservoir Park will again be
included on the tour. In all, 15 locations will be open
to visitors,

Double-decker buses will provide transportation
to the various locations for a one-time charge of 25¢
per person.

The tour has been extended by one hour this year
to enable everyone to visit all locations. A Shaw Tour
Rest Area will be located at St. Margaret of Scotland
Catholic Church, where restrooms and refreshments
will be available.

The Shaw Neighborhood is the area bounded by
the Missouri Botanical Garden on the west, Interstate
44 on the north, Grand Boulevard on the east and
Tower Grove Park on the south.

Advance tickets may be purchased at the Garden
Gate Shop and the Eugene Field Museum, or by mail
to S.N.I.A., 2211 S. 39th St., St. Louis, Mo. 63110.
Tickets are $3.50 in advance ana $4.00 the day of the
tour. For more information, please call 773-8166 or
771-3101 during weekly business hours.

Gail Gorski, of the Garden’s horticultural staff explains gardening
methods during a recent Rose Workshop at the Garden.

The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is pub-
lished 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical
Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110.
Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year.
$6.00 foreign.

Pitzman Program To Begin June 20

Beginning June 20 and continuing through July,
the Pitzman Summer Nature Program will again pro-
vide adults and children with the opportunity to take
part in unusual nature experiences both at the Garden
and the Shaw Arboretum.

The schedule:

Family events: nature activities for parents and
children provide many interesting and absorbing ac-
tivities that stimulate learning and shared experiences
while working with plants. Two four-day sessions will
be given — one at the Garden and the other at the
Arboretum. Many of the activities can be repeated at
home and will help form new ideas for exploring the
marvelous kingdom of living, green plants.

The Garden session will be held July 5 through 8
at the John S. Lehmann Building. We will once again
make terrariums, plant dish gardens, and grow plants
from seeds and cuttings. There will also be visits to
the Japanese Garden, Herb Garden and the Garden’s
large greenhouses: the Climatron, Desert House, and
Mediterranean House. Fee: $9/person. $7.50/
Member. Time: 10:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. For further
information, call the Education Department at
772-7600.

Sense of Wonder: one of the most popular and
rewarding of the Shaw Arboretum programs in recent
years has been the ‘’Sense of Wonder,”’ a parent-child
program aimed at cultivating relationships through
outdoor activity. Parent-child activities will focus on
feelings and understandings about the natural world.
Two sessions will be offered.

Session |, June 20-24, for children aged 4 to 6
years and accompanying adults, meets from 9 a.m. to
1 p.m. Monday, Tuesday and Thursday. Evening pic-
nic supper session will be held Friday, 6 p.m.-9 p.m.
Fee: $8/person, $7/Member.

Session II, June 27-July 1, for children aged 7 to
10 years and accompanying adults, meets from 9 a.m.
to 1 p.m. Monday, Tuesday and Thursday. Evening
picnic and optional overnight on Friday at 6 p.m.
Fee: $9/person, $7.50/Member.

Natural Awareness: the Shaw Arboretum Staff
has worked in the past two years on development of a
strong ‘Natural Awareness”’ program, days of excite-
ment and close contact with the natural world. High-
lights of past years have included wading a long
stretch of creek, personal magic spots, close views of
deer and other animals, and close contact with out-
standing outdoors people. Small groups assure maxi-
mum safety and attention. Two sessions will be of-
fered. Both sessions meet Tuesday through Friday,
with optional Parents Day on Saturday. Older chil-
dren, aged 10-12 yrs., will have optional overnight,
Thursday evening (additional fee). Fee includes bus
transportation to and from Shaw Arboretum, Tues-
day thru Friday.

Fee: $20/child, $18.50/Member. Dates: Session |
— July 12-16; Session || — July 26-30.

Natural Awareness — Advanced: some children re-
turn to the Arboretum year after year. In an effort to
provide special experiences for the older, returning
participants, the Shaw Arboretum offers ‘’Natural
Awareness — Advanced.” Activities from previous
years will be highlighted along with new activities to
develop understandings of the natural world. Espe-
cially small groups will make a high-impact experi-
ence possible. One session will be offered. Partici-
pants will come by bus to the Arboretum Monday,
Tuesday and Wednesday (double overnight) and re-
turn to bus pickup Friday afternoon, 4 p.m. Fee in-
cludes bus transportation and food.

Fee: $30.00/child, $27.50/Member. Dates: July
25-29.

Four Days on the Meramec: the Lower Meramec
River represents an important resource to the St.
Louis area, and an interesting section of stream for
canoe trips. In cooperation with Project STREAM
(St. Louis Regional Experiential Adventure Move-
ment), the Shaw Arboretum offers a four-day trip in
the Meramec Basin. Participants will receive instruc-
tion in canoeing skills, basic ecology of the Meramec
Basin, and natural awareness techniques, while travel-
ing in a beautiful natural environment. Two sessions
will be offered. Student ages: 12-14 years. Meets at 9
a.m. Monday, at Missouri Botanical Garden Staff En-
trance, and returns 4 p.m. Thursday.

Fee: $40.00/child, $36.00/Member. Dates: Ses-
sion |: July 11-14; Session II: July 18-21.

The Green Machine: this program is a five day
exploration of plant life from around the world, to
explore tropical life in the Climatron; experience a bit
of another culture in the Japanese Garden; look at
arid life in the Desert House; and deliberately get our
hands dirty acquiring a few gardening skills. Children
will work in small groups with a Garden Staff Mem-
ber to encourage participation and promote memo-
rable learning experiences. No bus pickups provided
for this program.

A special overnight experience in the Climatron is
planned for children 10-14 years old. The number of
spaces for this is limited.

Fee: $16/person, $14/Member. Time: 10:30 a.m.
— 2:30 p.m. Session |, July 18-22; Session ||, August
re,

A ROSE EVENING

A Rose Evening at the Missouri Botanical
Garden.

Sponsored by Chrysler Plymouth South.

Friday, June 10, 1977, 5 to 7:30 p.m.

Music by the Terry Thompson Band.

Garden Botanist Returns With New African

In mid-January, during the height of the St. Louis
area’s worst winter weather, Dr. Peter Goldblatt re-
turned to the Garden after nearly six months of in-
tensive field study among the plants of sunny South
Africa.

But he came back with something more than fond
memories of the South African climate.

Dr. Goldblatt, B.A. Krukoff Curator of African
Botany at the Garden, returned with several hundred
collections of dried and living plant specimens, among
them several species new to science and what seems
to be a new genus of Iridaceae.

“Botanically,’’ said Dr. Goldblatt, “it was ex-
tremely exciting to find a new genus in a place where
botanists have been before, for nearly two hundred
years,”

A specialist in the systematics and evolution of
the Iridaceae, Dr. Goldblatt has made two field trips
to South Africa since coming to the Garden in 1972.
His most recent — and most successful — expedition
began last July in the Cape Region of South Africa,
the southwestern corner of the African continent.

The area, unlike the rest of sub-Saharan Africa,
receives winter rainfall and has dry summers — a cli-
mate much like that of California. The region is very
rich in bulbous plants.

Some of the new species, like a tiny sub-alpine
Moraea, were overlooked by botanists in the past be-
cause of their small size and inconspicuous flowers. It
remained for a specialist to discover them.

Others like two tall, large flowered Homeria,
which had evidently never been collected before,
were overlooked for other reasons, possibly because
they are fire responsive and bloom only after infre-
quent bush fires. Dr. Goldblatt simply happened to
find them in the one year in perhaps twenty when
flowering took place.

One of the new species of Homeria, which has a
large bright yellow flower and bright red protruding
anthers, appears to be well worth garden attention,
and will be introduced to horticulture in the coming
years if it proves amenable to cultivation. It will be
first tried out in the Mediterranean House at the Gar-
den next year.

When Dr. Goldblatt first came to work at the
Garden, he worked on a federal government funded
project to study drug yielding poppies in the Middle
East. When this research project was brought to a
successful conclusion two years later he discovered a
high narcotic-alkaloid yielding strain of Papaver
bracteatum, and brought back seed to the United
States, Subsequently, the seed was distributed by the
U.S. Department of Agriculture to several field sta-
tions throughout the country and to selected pharma-
ceutical companies for trial growing. With his role in
this multimillion dollar botanical and agricultural

6

project completed, Dr. Goldblatt turned his attention
to his old interests, the systematics and evolution of
the Iridaceae, the Iris family.

Dr. Peter Goldblatt

This family is of major horticultural significance
as it includes not only the genus /ris, but also
Gladiolus, Crocus, and Freesia, as well as many other,
not so well known garden plants. The family is cen-
tered in Africa and more than half the total species,
approximately 1,000 in number, are native to Africa
south of the Sahara. In carrying out his researches on
lridaceae, Dr. Goldblatt has been able to undertake
the two field trips to Africa through grants from the
National Science Foundation. Field work, always im-
portant in modern botanical studies, is especially im-

a

y

The tiny sub-Alpine Moraea of the South African continent, undis-
covered for many years until Dr. Goldblatt’s expedition.

ES

portant in certain plant families, among these the
lridaceae, because the delicate flowers of most species
preserve badly when pressed and made into herbar-
ium specimens. Observing live plants in their native
habitats is therefore of fundamental importance in
studying Iridaceae. Dr. Goldblatt has a second pur-
pose in field work — to collect seed, bulbs and corms
to bring back to St. Louis for growth and further
study, especially cytological investigation.

Also among Dr. Goldblatt’s duties is the super-
vision of weekly botany seminars. Recently, Dr. G.L.
Stebbins, emeritus professor of genetics at the Univer-
sity of California, Davis, was at the Garden to con-
duct two such seminars for faculty members and
graduate students from local universities.

Dr. Stebbins’ subjects were ‘‘Chromosomal Evolu-
tion and DNA Content in Higher Plants’’ and ‘‘Esti-
mating Quantitative Differences Between Local
Florulas,”’

Varieties of flowering Homeria, among the species new to science which
Dr. Goldblatt brought to St. Louis, Some grow as tall as two or three
feet and were previously undiscovered because they bloom only after
infrequent bush fires. Others bloom with bright yellow flowers and

red protruding anthers.

International Studies
Group Hosted by Garden

Appearances by Michael Straight, deputy chair-
man of the National Endowment for the Arts, and
Ralph T. Coe, director of the Nelson Gallery of Art in
Kansas City, were among the highlights of an Interna-
tional Studies Association Conference held recently
at the Garden.

The International Studies Association, a multi-
disciplinary professional organization involved in in-
ternational studies, held its 18th Annual Conference
in St. Louis.

Conference sessions included:

— “Transfer of Culture,” the opening address by
Michael Straight, who spoke on the role of the arts in
international relations. Mr. Straight since 1969 has
been deputy chairman of the National Endowment
for the Arts, the federal agency created to encourage
and assist the nation’s cultural resources.

— A presentation by Ralph T. Coe, with slides, of
the Chinese Exhibit and American Indian Show from
the Nelson Gallery of Art. Mr. Coe is former assistant
Curator at the National Gallery of Art in Washington,
D.C., and was recently named director of the Nelson
Gallery.

— Dr. William M. Klein, assistant director of the
Missouri Botanical Garden, discussed the develop-
ment of the new Japanese Garden here, scheduled for
dedication on May 5. Dr. Klein addressed the Japanese
Garden as an art form and discussed its role in pro-

Conference participants
tour the Climatron.

y i i ? | a 7
al ie

Among the participants in the recent International Studies Association
Conference were Michael Straight, deputy chairman of the National
Endowment for the Arts, right, and Dr. William M. Klein, the Garden’s
assistant director.

moting international relations.

The conference session was chaired by Dr.
Jonathan David Aronson, assistant professor of Inter-
national Relations, and director, Mid-Career Masters
Program, School of International Relations, the Uni-
versity of Southern California.

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TR LS A A

Environmental Education:
Kid-Power in Action

Spring is a time for fruition at the Garden, and
the colorful display of flowering plants bears witness
to the staff's winter labors.

In the Environmental Education Training Project,
too, a winter of hard work has yielded its rewards.
Since last August, the project has provided ongoing
training to 19 teachers employed in city schools. The
project is a cooperative program between the St.

Louis Public Schools and the Missouri Botanical Gar- Renee Kenny ’s class ae Adams School dramatizes the effect of pol-

; lution on plants and animals. Here two students role-play fish living in
den, funded by a grant to the city schools from the a polluted environment. (Photo courtesy St, Louis Public Schools)
U.S.0.E. Office of Environmental Education.

On this page are displayed a few of the classroom
programs created by teachers trained in the project.

"yn he eeE_:

Marian Junge’s class at Mason School
is collecting litter for a twofold pur-
pose. One is to beautify the streets
in front of the school grounds; the
other, to learn about resource con-
servation. In the classroom, students
will analyze the litter and make sug-
gestions about eliminating some of it
at its source of production.

A student in Pauline
Humphrey’s class at Laclede
School explains how a plant
grows, highlighting its depen-
dence on sunlight, air, and
water.

Gardening in St. Louis

GARDENING IN MAY

As springtime becomes a reality, weather damage
done this past winter can now be fully assessed and
corrective steps taken to get the plants back into
good condition.

Plants which were frozen back severely and were
partially pruned back should now be pruned back to
where the new breaks are coming. It may be neces-
sary in some Cases to thin out some of the growth, as
some of these plants will produce an excess number
of ends. It is wise to remove a number of the weaker
growth, keeping only the sturdiest ones and letting
these develop under normal conditions.

Spring flowering shrubs, such as the forsythia,
azaleas, and rhododendrons, should now be pruned to
reshape the plants and given a light feeding of a
balanced fertilizer. In many cases, the plants are
chloratic with pale, yellow green leaves instead of
deep green leaves. This should be corrected with a
feeding of iron chelate and epsom salts, using one
tablespoon of each to a gallon of water and applying
two to three gallons for each plant that is two to
three feet high. Increase the amount according to the
size of the plant.

Avoid cultivating around many of these plants as
the roots are produced near the surface. It is much
better to apply cottonseed meal or recommended fer-
tilizers for these plants by broadcasting it and coming
in with extra mulch over the top. Once the fertilizer
has been put on and the ground is dry, you should
soak this in with a light watering.

SPRING BEDDING

Spring bedding should now be done in earnest
and you might want to consider planting a number of
the new geraniums which are grown from seed. These
are excellent plants for the St. Louis area, as they
stay very compact, are very heavy flowering and
flower until late fall. The plants should be placed
where they get plenty of sun during the day and given
occasional feedings of a liquid fertilizer.

Geraniums grown from seed are superior to those
grown from cuttings, in that they are more compact
and freer flowering. They come in shades from white
through pink, orange, and deep red.

Good plants for the semi-shaded area for the St.
Louis area are some of the newer Impatiens which
come in wide ranges of colors; caladiums, the bulbs
of which can be planted directly in the garden im-
mediately, or where the bulbs have been started
earlier, can be set out from mid-May on; coleus, avail-
able in several new cultivars are excellent plants for
the semi-shaded areas; fibrous begonias which make
excellent plants for the semi-shade as well or in full
sun as you noticed in the main flower beds located
between the Main Gate and the Climatron this past
year.

10

FEEDING SPRING BULBS

Spring bulbs which have flowered should be given
a good feeding of a balanced fertilizer and locations
should carefully be marked if you are going to be
planting annuals later on. In most cases the annuals
can be set in amongst the plants and have the tops
removed from the bulbs three weeks after the last
flowers are gone.

Tulips and daffodil bulbs failed to bloom in some
cases due to severe ground freezing, which didn’t al-
low the plants to produce an adequate root system.

A light application of superphosphate, followed
with a feeding of a regular fertilizer such as a 5-10-5,
will put these back in good condition for next year.

Bulbs which have become overly thick and are
not flowering for that reason should be lifted as soon
as they start to go yellow. The bulbs should be stored
in a dry, well ventilated area and tops should be re-
moved when the bulbs are cleaned and stored until
planting back next fall.

VEGETABLE PLANTS

All warm vegetable plants can be planted this
month after preparing the soil well, adding extra or-
ganic matter in the form of leaf mold or compost
with an application of superphosphate. Select plants
which are disease resistant for best results. Plants
should be watered in with a weak feeding of a liquid
fertilizer and mulched with plenty of mulch to pre-
vent weeds from growing and to control soil mois-
ture.

Treatment for Dutch elm disease, as outlined in
the earlier Bulletin, can be started anytime this
month. Have the trees checked by a qualified arborist
and any necessary pruning should be done at the
same time. It may also be wise to have the trees root-
fed at the time of the treatment to get them into a
good vigorous condition. .

Raised planters or beds are excellent for growing
many of the vegetables. Prepared soil mixes, such as
metro-mix 200 and 300, are excellent for growing
any of these plants. The material has been well steri-
lized and slow released fertilizer has been added for
best results. However, once the plants are set in, it is
recommended that the plants be fed at a two week
interval with a light feeding of a balanced fertilizer to
keep them in a good condition.

ROSES

Roses growing actively now may benefit from a
feeding of a liquid fertilizer such as Peter’s 20-20-20,
to encourage good flowering. In some cases, epsom
salts at the rate of one tablespoon per quart of water
will help to give better color in the leaves and pro-
duce more scented flowers.

— Robert J. Dingwall
Chief Horticu/turist

Joni Duggins, the storyteller
butterfly, entertains a group
of children during the recent
“Week of the Young Chil-
dren” at the Garden.

Botany Staff to Conduct
Mark Twain Institute Course

A course in plant introduction, demonstrating the
basic principles of plant biology, will be conducted
by the Garden’s Department of Botany staff this sum-
mer as part of the program of the Mark Twain Sum-
mer Institute.

Classes will be held at the Garden, utilizing the
Garden’s extensive collection of living and preserved
plant specimens. In addition, field trips are planned
to natural and managed plant communities.

The course will run from Monday, June 13, until
Friday, July 22, with students attending classes from
9 am. to 12:30 p.m. Monday through Friday. The
Mark Twain Summer Institute, established to provide
academically able secondary school students with
challenging and worthwhile educational oppor-
tunities, is a member institution of the Arts and Edu-
cation Fund.

Member of
The Arts and Education
Fund of Greater St.Louis

MARCH 1977 MEMBERSHIPS

HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES

Mr./Mrs, Howard F, Baer
Mr./Mrs, Joseph H, Bascom
Mr./Mrs. Watson T. Blair
Mrs. Irene C. Jones

Mrs, John S, Lehmann

Mr./Mrs, James S. McDonnell, Jr.

Mr. Spencer T,. Olin

Mrs, Gladney Ross

Mr./Mrs. Daniel Schlafly
Mr./Mrs. Sydney Shoenberg, Jr.
Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Sr.
Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. C.C. Johnson Spink
Mrs. Hermann F. Spoehrer
Mrs. Ben H, Wells

DIRECTOR'S ASSOCIATES

Mr. Clarence C. Barksdale
Mr, E.G. Cherbonnier
Mr./Mrs. Elridge Lovelace
Mr./Mrs. Roland Quest
Mr. Roy Tartar

Miss Harriet Tatman

NEW CONTRIBUTING
MEMBERSHIPS

Mr./Mrs, John E, Guciardo
Dr./Mrs. Hyman H. Fingert
Mrs. Roy W, Linnemeyer
Mrs. Robert H. Mayer
Mr./Mrs. Jack L. Turner
Mr./Mrs. Robert B. Vining

NEW MEMBERSHIPS

Mr./Mrs. Thomas M. Abernathy
Mr./Mrs. L.J. Anderson
Mr./Mrs. Harold E. Appleton
Mr./Mrs. Homer L. Arment
Mr./Mrs. Mark E. Arnold
Mr./Mrs. Clifton Avers
Mr./Mrs. Richard A. Bauer
Mr./Mrs. Linn Bealke
Mr./Mrs. William A. Birmingham
Mr./Mrs. Merrill Bolner
Mr./Mrs. Dave Book
Mr./Mrs. Tom E. Brooks
Mr./Mrs. Seth Burgman
Mrs. Betty Mae Burke

Mrs. Gaylord C, Burke
Mr./Mrs. Paul R. Cahn
Mr./Mrs. James Lee Carl
Mr./Mrs. Sumner S. Charles
Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Clark
Mr./Mrs. Wm. Cole
Concord Park Garden Club
Mr. Tom Cradick

Mr./Mrs. Al Danesi

Mr. Dennis Davinroy

Mr. James L. Davis
Mr./Mrs. Gordon A. Duff
Mr./Mrs. James K. Duff
Mr./Mrs. Richard Dunn
Mrs. Francis J. Dwyer, Jr.
Ms. Toni L. Earleywine
Mrs. Walter L. Eckardt, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. F.W. Enters

11

Mrs. Harrison Barnes

Mrs. Lee Blumoff

Mr./Mrs. Charles Bortz
Mr./Mrs. Bernard C. Brinker

Mr./Mrs. A. Nicholas Filippello
Ms. Nancy Fox

Mr./Mrs. Robert Fraley
Mr./Mrs, Louis F. Fuerst

Mr./Mrs. Russell J. McClellan
Mrs. Carol D, Mike

Mr./Mrs. Kenneth L. Miller
Mr. Clarence M. Mueller

Mrs. Judy Teasdale

Mr./Mrs, Bradley T. Thach
Mr./Mrs. Wm. Thomas Thach, Jr.
Mr. Peter B. Thurman

Mr./Mrs, David L. Gearhart Mr./Mrs. Williard E. Mueller Mr./Mrs. Elmer E. Trost Mrs, Elsie H. Downey
Mr./Mrs. Franklin C. Gilbert, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Joe A. Murphy Mr./Mrs. Gerhard F. Weber Mr./Mrs, LeRoy Erickson
Mr./Mrs. Robert Gladu Mr./Mrs. Goerge Nenzel Mr./Mrs. Peter J. Wolf Dr./Mrs. Hyman H., Fingert
Capt./Mrs. John E.A. Gorrie, Jr. Mr./Mrs. James L. Nicholson Mr. Charles Wright Mr. Roy A. Flesh

Mr./Mrs. Merle L. Griffin Mr./Mrs. Charles E. Ohrberg Mr./Mrs, Ronald L. Wulsch Mr./Mrs, E.F, Guth, Jr,
Mr./Mrs. B.A. Gustafsen Mr./Mrs. R.K. Otte Major/Mrs. Charles Yockey Mr./Mrs. Harold J. Hauck
Mr./Mrs, Paul L. Hale Mrs. Gordan M. Perisho Mr./Mrs. Richard Zarembka Mr./Mrs. Nelson L. Hower
Mr./Mrs. Albert E. Hall Mr./Mrs. Brian U. Power Mr./Mrs. Charles E. Zoller Mr./Mrs. Stifel W. Jens

Ms. Patricia G. Harris Mrs. Belinda G. Preskorn Mr./Mrs, William H, Johnston
Mr./Mrs. Gary D. Heisel Mr./Mrs. Gerhard E. Reelitz Mr./Mrs, James C. Kautz
Ms. Jonathan Heitner Miss Lillian L. Reinhardt INCREASE IN Mr./Mrs. Harold Koplar
Mr./Mrs. Roger C. Hencke Dr./Mrs. David Reisler MEMBERSHIP Miss Virginia Kraemer

Mr. William T. Hibdon
Mr./Mrs. George F. Hinton
Mrs. Caroline Horn
Mr./Mrs. William J. Horn
Mr./Mrs. Geo. N. Hosack
Mrs. Bernice N. Ivcich

Mr./Mrs. Bill Regan
Judge/Mrs. John R. Rickkoff
Mr./Mrs. James P. Rose

Mrs. H.E. Routt

Mr./Mrs. Richard R. Russell
Mr./Mrs. H.D, St. John, Jr.

Mr./Mrs. Ben Krippner
Ms. Mary V. Leopold
Mr./Mrs. Malcolm Lohrun
Dr./Mrs. T.M. Meiners
Mr./Mrs, Edgar Meinhardt
Mr./Mrs, Joseph H. Meis

SPONSORING

Mr./Mrs. T. E. Barnes, II
Mr./Mrs. Wm. F. Klipsch, Jr.

Mr./Mrs. John R. Klepper Mr./Mrs. Lloyd Schmalensee SUSTAINING Mrs. W. Edwin Moser
Mr./Mrs. Norman Kling Mr./Mrs. Al Shady Mr./Mrs, Edward D. Nelson
Mr./Mrs. Gerald D, Knetzer Ms. Marguerite R. Shepard Mr./Mrs. G. Rodman F. Genet Mr./Mrs. Everett Osterloh
Dr./Mrs. Ira J. Kodner Mr./Mrs. Ted Smalley Mr./Mrs. Robert Haltenhof Mr./Mrs. David Ressler
Mr./Mrs. Mike Kodner Mrs. Alice Solliday Mr./Mrs. George K. Hoblitzelle Mr./Mrs, Thomas T. Sandel
Mr./Mrs. Richard E, Kuhlman Mr./Mrs. Philip R. Sperry Mr./Mrs. Floyd F. Lewis Mrs. A,F. Seay, Jr.

Miss Pat Kuszaj Ms. Sally B. Spitzer Dr./Mrs. Robert E. Shank Mrs. A. French Shreve

Mr. Richard F. LaMonica Ms. Dorothy H. Stefacek Mr./Mrs. Edward D. Weakley Ms. Elizabeth B. Talley
Dr./Mrs. Robert G. Levitt Mr./Mrs. Evic P. Stillwell Mr./Mrs. Edwin S. Taylor
Mr./Mrs. Marvin B. Levy Mr./Mrs. Louis E. Stuetzer Mr./Mrs. Eugene |. Vogt
Mr./Mrs. Gary W. Mabry Ms. Pat Sullivan CONTRIBUTING Mr./Mrs. Dean Wilcoxen

Mr./Mrs. R.K. MacLean
Miss Marion H. Mathes

Mr./Mrs. Scott Swartzbaugh
Mr./Mrs, Frank L. Taylor

Mr./Mrs. Philip P. Wilson

Mr./Mrs. Proctor H. Avon

MARCH 1977 TRIBUTES

In Honor of Mr. Edward Greensfelder’s
70th Birthday
Mrs. Ilma R. Glaser

In Honor of Mr. Robert Nagel
Clayton Garden Club Group V

In Memory of William Ballman
Adele and Elsie Brockhoff

In Memory of Mrs. Hertha Blankenmeister
Mr./Mrs, Carl L.A. Beckers

In Memory of Mrs. Frieda Case
Dr./Mrs, Armand D, Fries

In Memory of Mrs. Eleanor Dunkman
Mr./Mrs, Edward Heichelbech

In Memory of Nancy Gale
Her Thursday Bridge Group

In Memory of Mr. Robert M. Hancock
Mrs, Joan Cohagen

In Memory of J. Edgar Lumpkin
Mr./Mrs. William J. Chapman

In Memory of Mrs, Edna H. Mara
Mr./Mrs. Carl L.A. Beckers

In Memory of Mrs. Willette Michener
Dr./Mrs, Fred Fabric

In Memory of Mrs. Cleveland A. Newton
Mrs. Robert E. Meyer

In Memory of Mrs. W.R. Peterson
Mr./Mrs. William C. Mason

In Memory of Mrs. Charles F. Putnam
Mrs. Lilliam H. Biggs

Mr./Mrs, G.,A. Buder, Jr.

Hazel B. Duncan

Mrs. Clark P. Fiske

Helen E. Harper

Mrs. W. Warren Kirkbride

Nancy P. Mueller

Mr./Mrs. Claude B. Rumble
Mr./Mrs. L.A. Schloemer & Family
Mrs. Herman Schoonbeck

In Memory of Mr. John Reuter, Jr.
Dr./Mrs. R.M, Courtney

In Memory of Mr. Theodore Schroeder
Flora Place Garden Club

In Memory of Mrs, Ruth A. Semsrott
Directors of Jefferson National Expansion
Historical Assn.

Mr./Mrs. John A. Phillips

In Memory of Mrs. W.O. Slack
Dr./Mrs. Charles Schober

In Memory of Mrs. Charles H. Sommer
Mr./Mrs. Sam'l C. Davis

Mr./Mrs, Joseph Lewis

Edith S. Mason

Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr.

Mr./Mrs. C. Powell Whitehead
Mr./Mrs. H. Wuertenbaecher, Jr.

In Memory of Mr. Harry Steinmann
Irene Steinmann

In Memory of Norah J. Taylor
Hilda J. Young

In Memory of Mahlon B. Wallace, Jr.

Eleanor and Henry Hitchcock

In Memory of Mrs. Rose Wilson
Clayton Garden Club #2

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

2345 Tower Grove Avenue
Saint Louis, Missouri 63110

SECOND CLASS

POSTAGE
PAID

AT ST. LOUIS, MO.

Missouri
Botanical
Garden
Bulletin

Garden-School Program
a ‘Natural’ for 225 Children

With funds made possible through a federal grant
under the Emergency School Aid Act (ESAA), Susan
McNamara of the Missouri Botanical Garden educa-
tion staff and John Doty of the Shaw Arboretum
education staff designed and implemented a plant
science program, which was offered during the
1976-77 school year in one of the city’s new Magnet
Schools.

Bob Powers, coordinator for the Plant and Ani-
mal Ecology Program at the Stix Investigative Learn-
ing Center, served as liaison with Garden staff and
teachers at the Stix Center.

Two hundred and twenty-five children in grades
four through eight visited the Garden once a month
for a planned activity and followed each field trip

Magnet School children
take part ina spring
growth hunt outside
the John S. Lehmann
Building, right, Their
reactions: “‘As |
crawled around the
corner, | felt like | was
in heaven”; and “‘]
remember it was a real
good piece of nature.”

Inset, upper right, small
hands transplant —
seedlings.

ee

J;

») age = aan oy

% :
cae

with a learning session in their own school classrooms
or laboratories.

Each class also spent a total of three days at Shaw
Arboretum in Gray Summit, giving them onsite first-
hand experiences with growing things. The fifth-grade
students culminated their program with a three-day
Camping experience at the Arboretum experimental
resident center.

The sixth-grade students, as a special project
worked both with the Garden education staff and the
ecological services department in determining the ele-
ments that go into a park. They then designed their
own park which was on display at the Lashly Branch
of the St. Louis Public Library through the month of
May.

955
OO
Pi bee

Volume LXV Number 6
June 1977

Members of the American
Association of Botanical
Gardens and Arboreta, during
a recent annual conference

at the Garden, tour the
Japanese Garden.

AABGA Conference Brings Botanical Specialists to Garden

For four days in late April, some 200 directors
and staff members of botanical gardens, arboreta and
educational centers involved in public horticulture in
the United States and Canada came together in St.
Louis to exchange ideas, insights and experience on
common professional goals and problems.

The Missouri Botanical Garden was host institu-
tion for this prestigious annual meeting of the Ameri-
can Association of Botanical Gardens and Arboreta,
which also included tours of the Garden, Shaw
Arboretum and special gardens in the St. Louis area.

The meetings brought into focus the need for
master planning and explored the role of the land-
scape architect in interpreting these needs, the ways
in which botanical gardens meet their goals and serve
their publics, funding sources and how to initiate and
develop these sources.

Highlights of the convention were addresses by
Dr. Peter H. Raven, Director of the Missouri Botani-
cal Garden, on ‘‘The History and Development of the
Missouri Botanical Garden and the Design of the Gar-
den from the Botanical Point of View;” and by:

— John Simonds, senior partner of Environmental
Planning and Design, Pittsburgh, whose firm devel-
oped the master plan for the Missouri Botanical Gar-
den, on “The Role of the Landscape Architect in

The text of the AABGA conference address
by Professor Koichi Kawana of the University of
California at Los Angeles, designer of the Japa-
nese Garden, is reprinted on Pages 7, 8 and 9 of
this month’s Bu//etin.

Botanical Garden Development;”’

— Professor Koichi Kawana, Professor of Art at
the University of California, Los Angeles, designer of
Seiwa-En, the Japanese Garden, on ‘‘Symbolism and
Esthetics in the Traditional Japanese Garden;”’

— Harry Weese, member of the National Council
on the Arts and a nationally known architect and
urban designer, whose talk “Beyond Architecture”
examined the role and environmental impact of archi-
tecture in the urban setting.

In other developments it was announced by Dr.
Roy Taylor, president of the AABGA, that the associ-
ation’s first part-time executive director, for the next
two years, is Mildred E. Mathias, emeritus professor
of botany at the University of California, Los
Angeles, who in her graduate school days at Washing-
ton University was associated with the Missouri Bo-
tanical Garden.

The custom-planned garden tours, arranged by St.
Louis Scene, Inc., visited Mr. and Mrs. C.C. Johnson
Spink’s garden, designed by Harriet Bakewell; the
Robert Wolfson residence, for which Stuart Mertz
was landscape architect, and the Chesterfield Mall,
where interior and exterior landscaping was done by
Robert E. Goetz. AABGA members also toured the
Missouri Botanical Garden and Shaw Arboretum dur-
ing their stay.

The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is pub

lished 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical
Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110
Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo $5.00 per year
$6.00 foreign.

Engelmann Spruce Planted
at Garden

During the recent meeting of the American Asso-
ciation of Botanical Gardens and Arboreta in St.
Louis, a tree of the Engelmann spruce, Picea engel-
mannit, was planted between the Museum and the
Administration Building by the Garden’s Director,
Dr. Peter H. Raven, and Dr. William G. Gambill, Di-
rector of the Denver Botanic Gardens.

The tree, together with two others to be planted
later in the spring, commemorate the memory of Dr.
George Engelmann, an associate of Henry Shaw for
more than 30 years as Shaw’s botanical and scientific
advisor.

Engelmann specialized in the study of conifers
and in the study of the flora of the West, so it is
appropriate that his name is associated with this west-
ern spruce. The name for the species was first sug-
gested in 1863 by Dr. C.C. Parry of Denver in a letter
recorded in the Transactions of the Academy of
Science of St. Louis. Parry described his impressions
of the plants he observed and collected while climb-
ing Pike’s Peak.

“My attention having been particularly directed
to this species by Dr. Engelmann, | became soon satis-
fied, in pursuing the investigation, that this was in
fact a single undescribed species. . . to which, accord-
ingly, | have ventured to affix the name of its actual
discoverer, calling it Abies engelmanni.”

The detailed scientific description and discussion
of the species was written by Engelmann himself and
appeared later in the same volume of the Transactions
under the present name, Picea enge/mannii.

The type specimen of this species is preserved in
the herbarium. It consists of several branches and
cones and was collected from Clear Creek bottom,
near Empire City, Colo. This specimen is the ultimate
standard on which judgment concerning the applica-
tion of the name Picea enge/mannii must be based.
The cones on the newly planted tree, which was col-
lected from a locality near Webster, Colo., about 10
miles south of Empire City, match those on the type.
We are confident that the tree planted to commemo-
rate Engelmann is the same species that was named
for him.

Garden-to-Gallery Program

The correlation between forms in nature and their
counterparts in art will be explored Saturday, July 9,
at a joint family presentation given by the Missouri
Botanical Garden and the St. Louis Art Museum.

The garden-to-gallery program will begin at the
Garden and conclude at the museum. Participants are
asked to wear comfortable shoes and come prepared
to walk. Reservations can be made through the Gar-
den Education Department, 772-7600.

An Engelmann Spruce, in memory of Or. George Engelmann, was
planted at the Garden during the recent AABGA conference. On
hand for the planting are, from left, Dr. William G. Gambill, director
of the Denver Botanic Gardens; Dr. Peter H. Raven, director of the
Missouri Botanical Garden; and Dr. Marshall Crosby, head of the
Garden’s Botany Department.

Henry Shaw Cactus Society Show

Preparations are underway for the largest annual
cactus show in the Midwest, the annual show of the
Henry Shaw Cactus Society, to be held in the Floral
Display House August 27 through September 5.

Entries in 111 classes will compete for a silver
trophy. Junior members, aged 5 to 15, will also com-
pete and this year for the first time a new class for
photography and painting has been added,

The Henry Shaw Cactus Society celebrated its
thirty-fifth anniversary at a banquet at Heritage
House June 4. Speaker was Joyce Tate, author of
“The Cactus Cookbook,’”’ who presented a slideshow,
“Aloe ‘75: Adventures in Rhodesia.”

Henry Shaw Cactus Society was founded in July
1942, by the late Ladislaus Cutak of the Missouri
Botanical Garden. The organization now has more
than 200 members in 17 states and foreign countries.

Further information on the cactus society may be
obtained from the society vice-president and show
chairman, Mrs. Betty Demzik, 7 Frontenac Estates,
567-1383.

3

Garden Visitors
tae Tes

The Floral Display House is

packed with plants and people
during a preview party for the
Garden’s Spring Flower Show.

Professor Koichi Kawana, designer of the Japanese Garden, toasts
the new development after closing the valve to fill up the Japanese
Garden Jake.

Aine
Dr. Marshall Crosby, right, head of the Garden’s Botany Department,
describes herbarium activities during a recent tour by 65 high-ranking
NATO officers from the NATO War College. The tour was arranged
by Michael Witunski of McDonnell Douglas Corporation.

The Desert House is a tour site during a recent Arts and Education
Campaign Kick-off Luncheon.

Dr. Raven Elected to
National Academy

of Sciences

Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director, Engelmann
Professor of Botany at Washington University and
Adjunct Professor of Biology at St. Louis University
and the University of Missouri-St. Louis, has been
elected to membership in the National Academy of
Sciences, one of the highest honors that can be ac-
corded to an American scientist or engineer. The
National Academy of Sciences is a private organiza-
tion of scientists and engineers established by Con-
gressional Act of Incorporation in 1863.

Dr. Raven was elected to the Academy in recogni-
tion of his distinguished and continuing achievements
in original research. He is a recognized specialist in
plant systematics, the classification of plants, and in
the evolutionary relationships between plants and in-
sects. Dr. Raven is the author of six books and more
than 200 scientific papers.

Of the 60 American scientists honored this year
Dr. Raven was the only St. Louisan to be inducted by
the Academy. He brings to nine the number of Wash-
ington University faculty members who are in the
Academy.

Dr. Raven completed his undergraduate work at
the University of California, Berkeley, in 1957 and
received his Ph.D. in plant sciences from the Univer-
sity of California, Los Angeles. In 1960-61 he was a
National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Fellow at
the British Museum; in 1961-62 Taxonomist and
Curator, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Clare-
mont. Ca.; Assistant then Associate Professor, Stan-
ford (Ca.) University, 1962-71. While on a sabbatical
in 1969-70 he served as senior research fellow at the
New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial
Research.

Director of the Missouri Botanical Garden since
1971, Dr. Raven has placed major emphasis on the
development of the Garden’s display features, includ-
ing the new Japanese Garden. He has also obtained a

number of federal grants supporting the scientific re-
search programs at the Garden, a vital element in the
Garden’s three-fold purpose of research, education
and display.

An Evening of Roses

An Evening of Roses, featuring the colorful dis-
plays of the North Rose Garden and the Anne L.
Lehmann Rose Garden, will be held at the Garden
from 5 to 7:30 p.m. on Friday, June 10.

The event is sponsored by Chrysler-Plymouth
South and will include music, refreshments and a
special display of prints, rare books and original art
work with a rose theme, in the Lehmann Building
Library.

The North Rose Garden, adjacent to the Garden's
historic Linnaean House, was established in 1917 and
today represents an important display of rare and
prize-winning hybrid roses. North Rose Garden rose-
beds are planted by variety, with each bed contain-
ing a single type of rose to demonstrate the various
colors and forms included within a type.

The Anne L. Lehmann Rose Garden, northwest
of Tower Grove House, was dedicated in 1976. It lies
between a graceful gazebo on the south and the beau-
tiful Shapleigh Fountain on the north, with rose
varieties planted by color to insure that any number
of varieties may be found in a single bed.

Additionally, plantings in the Lehmann Rose
Garden have been carried out scientifically, so that
patterns of color migrate up and down the oval gar-
den as the seasons change and the various varieties
come to bloom.

The Evening of Roses is open to all Garden mem-
bers.

Symphony Concert

An evening concert by the St. Louis Symphony
Orchestra will be held in the Garden on Saturday,
July 9, at 7:30 p.m., with Gerhardt Zimmermann
conducting. Admission will be charged.

A program of Brahms and Wagner is planned.

Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden
director, second from /eft,
escorts Garden tour during
a recent American Bar
Association visit. With

Dr. Raven is Bertram
Tremayne, Clayton
attorney and presi-
dent-elect of Missouri

Bar Association.

Specimen Number 2.5 Million Recorded at Garden Herbarium

“How many specimens do you have?” is a ques-
tion frequently asked by visitors to the herbarium,
which houses the Garden’s voluminous dried plant
collections. For the past year or so the answer has
been, ‘‘about 2.5 million.’’ The answer has been im-
precise, because although each new specimen receives
an accession number and the numbers have been
steadily approaching 2.5 million, many old specimens
have never been numbered.

The herbarium’s system of numbering each speci-
men was introduced in 1913. But at that time the
herbarium already contained about 750,000 collec-
tions, which it had been accumulating since about
1860. Many of these early specimens still remain un-
stamped and unaccessioned so that the highest
stamped number does not accurately reflect the
actual size of the herbarium.

Specimen number 2.5 million is stamped at the Garden herbarium. On
hand for the herbarium milestone are, from left, Howard F. Baer,
Member Garden Board of Trustees; Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden
director; Tom K. Smith, Jr., president of the Garden Board of
Trustees; and Dr. Marshall Crosby, head of the Garden’s Botany
Department.

On April 19 specimen number 2,500,000 was
stamped by Tom K. Smith, Jr., President of the
Board of Trustees. To emphasize the need for stamp-
ing many old specimens, a collection made on Pike’s
Peak in 1862 was chosen — the type specimen of the
Bristle Cone Pine, Pinus aristata, which was described
by Dr. George Engelmann in 1863. Although we can
now say accurately that there are 2.5 million speci-
mens in the herbarium, as many as 200,000 old speci-
mens remain to be numbered. So far this year more
than 10,000 of these have been located and stamped
by the plant mounters and volunteers.

Each specimen needs to be stamped for several
reasons. Not only does the accession number tell how
many specimens are in the herbarium, the stamp also
gives the location, ‘‘Missouri Botanical Garden Her-
barium.’’ Thus, when specimens are loaned to other
institutions for study, their place of origin is easily
identifiable to the borrower and assures the return of
the specimens.

6

Further, since each specimen has its own number,
it can be used by scientists when they wish to refer to
a specific specimen in the herbarium, an important
distinction when other information associated with a
specimen is meager, or when several duplicate speci-
mens of a given collection exist. Example: ‘The type
of Pinus aristata Engeim. is Missouri Botanical Gar-
den 2,500,000."’

Garden Gate Shop Gifts

Wedding gifts, graduation gifts or the perfect gift
for Father are available at the Garden Gate Shop as
we look forward to a busy June.

The shop is featuring a summertime assortment of
glasses, ice buckets, and serving pieces for informal
entertaining. With the growing season upon us, we
also feature garden statuary, outdoor pots and bas-
kets as well as crystal bud vases of all sizes. We en-
courage everyone to visit the Garden Gate Shop for
summer gifts and accessories.

Tea for Volunteers

National Volunteer Week, April 25 through May
1, was celebrated at the Garden with a tea for 450
Garden Volunteers, held at the home of Garden direc-
tor, Dr. Peter Raven, and Mrs. Raven.

In honor of the new Japanese Garden, Japanese
green tea complemented traditional Japanese cookies
and other delicacies at the serving table. The tea was
held in recognition of the many hours given each year
by Garden Volunteers, in jobs that range from work-
ing in the grounds to helping with botanical research
in the herbarium.

Volunteering time to the Garden is an excellent
way to meet and work with staff members and other
volunteers who share a common interest in horticul-
ture. It is also a means of increasing your own horti-
cultural knowledge.

In addition, there is the satisfaction of knowing
you are helping where help is needed. The Garden
could not maintain its high standards of performance
at all levels of operation without its volunteers.

The tea was only a small way of expressing the
Garden's deep gratitude to all its Volunteers.

If you are interested in information concerning
the Garden’s Volunteer program, please call Carol
Taxman at 772-7600, extension 53, on Tuesday or
Thursday mornings. One-half day a week is all that is
necessary, and no previous experience is required.

Symbolism and Esthetics
in the Japanese Garden

Professor Koichi Kawana

The typical traditional Japanese garden combines
characteristics which have been developed over many
centuries and which reflect the differing influences
prevailing during particular periods of history. Some
persons who have visited many such gardens deny the
existence of a ‘‘typical traditional Japanese garden’”’
claiming that the gardens they have seen differ greatly
one from another. However, this is comparable to
stating that an ‘‘average Japanese’’ does not exist be-
cause each Japanese is so different. Just as most
Japanese share characteristics which can be identified,
so it is possible in most cases to identify a traditional
Japanese garden by analyzing its general appearance
and savoring its atmosphere.

It should be noted that, until this century, such
gardens were seldom if ever opened to the public.
They were built by the ruling elite to meet their per-
sonal requirements or by temples to create in their
surroundings a mood appropriate to worship and con-
templation. Shugaku-in, one of the largest gardens in
Kyoto, was built for a retired emperor so that he
might spend his remaining years enjoying an undis-
turbed tranquility. The garden of the Silver Pavilion
or Ginkakuji was created for the Shogun Ashikaga
Yoshimasa in order that he might escape the madden-
ing conflicts and violence taking place in the capital
nearby. Japan’s greatest general hoped to earn merit
by initiating the building of the famous garden of the
Katsura Detached Palace for the son of the reigning
emperor.

Gardens or niwa provided a means of achieving
the peace of mind that rulers sought for so desperate-
ly in the periods of strife and conflict which marked
much of Japan’s history. In its origin the garden was
representative of utopia or, more often, a paradise of
Buddha. Both concepts were derived from China.
One, which came to Japan in the sixth century, was
the product of China’s ancient mythology. The other
gained credence as Buddhism came to influence all
sectors of Japanese life. Indigenous factors such as
Japan’s insularity also had an impact on the develop-
ment of gardens.

The character of most of the famous gardens of
today owe much of their development to the influ-
ence of Zen Buddhism which was brought from China
in the thirteenth century and became a major influ-
ence in Japan in the two following centuries.

A real appreciation and understanding of the tra-
ditional Japanese garden is complex and difficult. The
visual entities which may appear as a design in the
Western sense of forms, textures, and colors are less
important than the invisible philosophical, religious,
and symbolic elements. This is shown clearly when
the derivation and importance of the key elements
present in some form in almost every garden of this
type are examined. These elements include water, is-
lands or stones, plants and garden accessories.

Symbolism

Japan is a group of islands surrounded by oceans
and seas. From ancient times, the Japanese people
had an affinity for the sea. Water as a design element
in the garden is crucial. One of the most popular
styles of garden is called chisen in which a pond or
lake occupies the most significant portion of the gar-
den. Water’s importance is not as a substance but as a
symbol and expression of the sea. Even the quantity
of water present is unimportant. If space is a prob-
lem, one is supposed to be able to enjoy the tranquili-
ty of the sea in contemplation of a bucketful of water
contained in a stone water basin.

The presence of water itself is not required. In the
dry garden or karesansu/ style, the sea is symbolized
by gray gravel or sand and the state of the sea is
expressed by sand patterns or samon created by rak-
ing the sand to form certain designs.

A sea without islands is unthinkable and in the
creation of such islands the Japanese owe much to
the concepts imported from China mentioned pre-
viously. One of the earliest developments was the
shinsen-shiso, a utopia or sacred place remote from
ordinary human society. In this tradition an island of
immortal and everlasting happiness called hora/san or
horaijima became an important element in the gar-
den. Later, as a result of the growth of Buddhism, the
sacred island was replaced by schumisen, the legend-
ary mountain on which Buddha was believed to have
lived. Often the names were used interchangeably.

Crane and tortoise islands belong in this category.
According to Chinese mythology, the crane lives a
thousand years and the tortoise ten thousand years.
Symbols of auspiciousness and longevity, the actual
beings are often simulated by the shape of the islands.
Another auspicious symbol is the k/bune or treasure
ship which sails the seas and is represented often by a
rock or group of rocks.

Such islands, due to their sacred character, are
inaccessible to human beings and no bridges are con-
structed to reach them. In contrast, ordinary islands

called nakajima are accessible to the mainland by
(Continued on next page)

,

bridges and it is on these latter islands that one may
find teahouses and arbors.

In dry gardens, islands are symbolized by rocks of
interesting shapes set in gravel or sand. Groups of
stones representing a rocky seashore may be arranged
near the edge of a lake or its gravel or sand depiction.
The ‘‘three Buddha” arrangement called sanson is one
of the most orthodox styles in the art of stone ar-
rangement. It consists of three rather vertical stones.
The largest stone which is always placed in the center
represents the Buddha while the two smaller stones
placed nearby represent two Bodhisattvas. This ar-
rangement is used commonly to express horaisan,
shumisen, or a waterfall.

Trees and plants used in the garden are closely
interwoven with the spiritual and ohysical life of the
Japanese people. The pine is a major basic structural
tree. Traditionally it is called tok/wa and, as an ever-
green, it expresses both longevity and happiness. The
black and red pines symbolize the positive and nega-
tive forces in the universe. The Japanese black or
male pine called omatsu represents the former force
and the red or female pine called mematsu represents
the latter force.

Bamboo is usually found in such gardens and
plum trees are often grown there. Combinations of
pine, bamboo, and plum are used in decorations to
mark the New Year and the most auspicious occa-
sions. Bamboo is an evergreen also and is credited
with auspicious characteristics similar to those of the
pine while the plum is thought to embody the qualli-
ties of vigor and patience since it is the first to bloom
after a severe winter.

Esthetics

Many unique Japanese concepts and esthetics
involved in traditional Japanese gardens stem from
Zen Buddhism. Whereas the previous importation of
Buddhism had come from Tang China, Zen concepts
came from Sung China. Its influence on the art and
architecture of the country has been impressive and
lasting.

Esthetic values which are believed by both
Japanese and Westerners to be uniquely Japanese in
Origin such as simplicity, naturalness, refined ele-
gance, subtlety and the use of the suggestive rather
than the descriptive mode of communication are
either products of Zen thought or were reinforced by
it. It is said to be impossible to describe Zen in words
since the doctrine denies this possibility. The doctrine
rejects intellectually devised images in favor of direct
experience.

Shortly after the doctrine’s introduction into
Japan, its monks began the construction of gardens.
The essential design elements included in these gar-
dens came to be the main elements of what is known
today as a traditional Japanese garden. Naturally the
employment of these elements provided the monks
with an opportunity to express the ‘‘way of Zen.” In

8

them Zen principles were translated into very special
esthetics.

In describing these Zen concepts English is used
where there is a commonly definable equivalency.
Where the concept is unique to Japanese thought, the
Japanese term is used alone. Among the concepts im-
portant to garden building are:

Asymmetry involving a preference for the imper-
fect over the perfect form and shape and a preference
for odd rather than even numbers.

Simplicity which looks to the achievement of
“nothingness” or mu.

Koko refers to aging accompanied by maturation
and mellowness stressing the importance of aged
quality and time.

Natura/ness or shizen requires avoidance of the
artificial or forced.

Yugen is the achievement of profundity with
mystery, the use of darkness to create stillness and
tranquility, and the utilization of the technique of
miegakure or avoidance of full expression which re-
quires the hiding of a part of the whole.

Wabi, sabi, and shibu/ translated as austerity, ele-
gant simplicity, and tastefulness.

Seijaku or the attainment of stillness, quiet, and
tranquility.

Japanese monks returning from China brought
back Zen teachings and many art objects common in
Sung China. The latter were products of Zen philoso-
phy and were prized highly by art connoisseurs
among the aristocrats, monks and warriors of the
time. Most important, however, in influencing the
development of gardens were the black monochrome
landscape paintings called su/boku sansu/ga.

In order to reach the essence of things, all non-
essential elements must be eliminated. Color is
avoided whenever possible. Black sum/ ink is the one
true color and in it one can see endless varieties of all
colors. Translating this to a garden calls for the pre-
dominant utilization of monochromatic green. Flow-
ers in natural colors should be used only to enhance
the value of the monochromatic color.

Under Zen influence the dry garden became one
of the dominant types of gardens and stone came to
be most important as a part of garden design. What
the su/boku painting had expressed with bold brush
strokes was achieved by the proper placement of a
few rocks and trimmed shrubs to symbolize the
grandeur of mountains and nature compressed into a
small cosmos. Void or negative space expressed by
gravel covers the majority of the ground and is as
important to the garden as is the stone arrangement.
Irregular shaped, dark colored stones are selected to
carry out the concepts of yugen and shibui.

The tea garden was created by Zen teamasters.
Tea was introduced originally to Japan when Eisai, a
Zen monk, returned from China about 1200 A.D.
Later, during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries,
the art of the tea ceremony or another ‘‘way”’ of Zen
Buddhism was developed. To emphasize Zen princi-

ples, a unique teahouse and tea garden was developed.

Zen elements were added to the tea garden when
Sen-no-Rikyu (1522-1591) developed the ‘‘cottage’”’
or soan style of tea ceremony. The tea garden was
called roji which was supposed to bring to mind a
forest path to a remote village or mountain. Naturalis-
tic planting was preferred and artificially trimmed or
colorful plants rejected. Since it was a pathway, step-
ping stones were a main feature of this garden. But in
such gardens, smaller and unobtrusive stones were
used for this purpose.

Ornaments common to these gardens such as
water basins and special stone lanterns had a direct
relation to the ceremony itself. Usually the objects
used were old, weathered and covered with moss to
reflect the Zen esthetics mentioned before. It is inter-
esting to note that even though both the dry garden
and the tea garden express Zen esthetics, the tea gar-
den was designed to be walked in while the dry gar-
den was to be viewed in contemplation.

In order to provide an atmosphere of other-
worldliness and isolation for participants in the tea
ceremony, the more formal tea gardens are composed
of an outer garden, a middle garden, and an inner
garden in which the teahouse is located. After slowly
traversing these spaces and arriving at the teahouse,
the participants are supposed to be in a mood of
tranquility which will help them to concentrate on
the meaning of the ceremony. For this reason utmost
care must be taken in the design of the garden and
architectural entities to achieve simplicity and natu-
ralness, and to evoke the qualities of secluded quiet-
ness, stillness, and tranquility. In this sense, with the
exception of the dry gardens belonging to Zen
temples, the tea garden, compared to any other part
of the Japanese garden is the best place to discover
Zen influenced esthetics.

Design

In order to evoke the criteria of Zen esthetics
mentioned before, the suggestive mode of expression
became a main approach to garden design. Specifical-
ly, the designer must adhere to the concept of
miegakure since Japanese believe that in expressing
the whole the interest of the viewer is lost. The de-
signer must motivate the viewer to achieve empathy
with the garden and use suggestive means to arouse
the viewer’s imagination making possible the expan-
sion of the garden beyond its physical bounds.

The teahouse or arbors in the garden are partially
hidden behind trees or fences and beautiful garden
accessories such as stone lanterns are set beside trees
and shrubs in a manner to avoid total exposure. The
main body of a rock is set deep in the ground. The
human desire to expose every inch of a costly object
is suppressed. Colorful objects are eliminated as build-
ing materials. Natural and subdued colors are praised.
Symmetry in shapes or forms are avoided whenever
possible. The shape and counter of the lake and the

form are irregular. The grouping of stones and trees
are odd in number.

An important concept in the garden is ‘‘simplic-
ity’ or kanso. In this concept, beauty is attained
through omission and elimination. Simplicity must
not be confused with plainness which is, in many
cases, monotonous or a lack of refinement. Simplicity
means the achievement of maximum effect with mini-
mum means. Buildings, bridges, fences, and pavement
all utilize natural material constructed in a most
imaginative and refined manner.

The esthetic concept of naturalness or shizen pro-
hibits the use of elaborate designs and overrefine-
ment. The garden designer must conceal his creative
innovations under the guise of nature. A close exami-
nation of many garden walks and pavement reveal the
most intricate and creative patterns but they are ren-
dered inconspicuous by the utilization of natural and
subdued colors and textures. Meticulously trained
and trimmed oversized bonsa/ style pines appear to be
century old trees which have developed naturally in
the garden.

The actual physiological phenomena conceived in
the Zen esthetics of wab/, sabi, shibui, koko, yugen,
and se/jaku is the state of things seen by the eye of an
ordinary person such as weathering or fuka, erosion
or shinshoku, and wear or mametsu. However, such
natural phenomena were regarded highly as esthetic
values as a result of their impact on the Japanese
intellectual-emotional response. For this reason the
“element of time’’ became an important ingredient in
the development of the garden.

Time allows Zen qualities to be present. Koko
implies that things improve or mature with time. The
Western concept of an “‘instant garden” is denied in
Japan. With time and proper care the true beauty of
the properly designed garden will manifest itself.

The seven criteria of Zen esthetics which have
been introduced are not to be viewed separately be-
cause they co-exist one with another in all Zen-influ-
enced Japanese gardens. The analysis of the dry gar-
den and the tea garden show that, in spite of their
differences in style and design, they both follow the
criteria mentioned. The same can be said for the
other fields of art which have been influenced by Zen
such as painting, calligraphy, flower arrangement, tea
ceremony, ceramics, and Noh drama.

—Koichi Kawana
University of California,
Los Angeles

Professor Kawana’s address was delivered to the
American Association of Botanical Gardens and
Arboreta Conference, hosted by the Missouri Botan-
ical Garden.

Member of
The Arts and Education
Fund of Greater St.Louis

Gardening in St. Louis

June is the month of warmer weather and the
time to consider adequate watering programs for the
garden. The area now has a soil moisture index which
is given periodically on local TV stations and is based
from O to 2 above. Zero index means that the ground
is extremely dry and should be watered with the
equivalent of 2’ of rain. As the index gets over 2,
there is fairly adequate moisture in the soil. As it
begins to drop, the home gardener needs to watch
very carefully and be prepared to get the hose out
and give a good watering.

This is the month that heavy mulching will reap
good dividends; keeping the soil from compacting,
keeping it cooler and also controlling weeds. The
compost tends to control ground temperatures and
releases the moisture more slowly, which is advanta-
geous to the plants. Mulches should be renewed peri-
odically as they tend to break down, and extra mulch
should be applied at least once a year to keep up a
certain level. As the mulch decomposes it releases nu-
trients into the soil, helping to feed the plants.

Water early in the day or late afternoon allowing
plenty of time for the plants to dry before darkness
sets in. Heavy watering can be done at any time of
the day without hurting the plants. Watering the
equivalent of 2” of rain at ten to twelve day intervals,
is adequate and much preferred to daily watering.

Bare areas in flower borders can still have annuals
set out or seeds planted.

WEED CONTROL

Weed control should be maintained by removing
any of the weeds by hand or digging up if necessary
and applying mulches to control the weeds them-
selves. Lawn areas infested with weeds can now be
treated with herbicide, such as 2-4-D with silvex used
according to the directions on the container. This
should be applied when there is little or no wind,
preferably early in the morning when the plants will
absorb it. Spraying just to the point of misting leaves
is all that is necessary. Spraying to the point of run-
off can be detrimental to tree roots in the area. Avoid
using any herbicides on plants and to check for insect
damage. As soon as insect damage is observed insects
should be brought under immediate control with the
proper use of a good insecticide recommended for the
specific insect.

Spider mite, which is a problem in hot, dry areas,
particularly on roses and some evergreens, should be
sprayed with Kelthane or another good miticide. Ap-
ply the spray underneath the leaves and then on top
at three-or four-day intervals for at least four applica-
tions. Spraying is also necessary to control fungus and
black spot on roses. Use Phaltan or Captan or Ben-
late, alternating between at least two of these at regu-
lar intervals as new growth is formed.

10

CHLORATIC CONDITIONS

Due to the severe conditions last year and this
winter some plants are showing chlorotic conditions.
This is a light green color and in many cases the veins
are of a dark green color with the light green in be-
tween. This indicates a lack of nourishment. In some
of the cases — such as hollies, azaleas and rhododen-
dron — it can be corrected by using iron chelate at
the rate of one tablespoon per gallon of water along
with one tablespoon of Epsom salts. Apply at the rate
of one gallon for every 6” to 8” of plant growth. Soil
should be moist when this is applied to allow it to get
down to the roots of the plants. In many cases the
need for fertilizer is also a necessity if plants are not
fed earlier. In some cases correct by additional appli-
cation of a liquid fertilizer around the base of the
plants. In using powder fertilizer it is best to follow
with a good watering to keep it off the foliage and
prevent any burning from splashing when it rains.

Spring flowering shrubs such as spireas, weigelias,
forsythia and others, if not pruned, should be pruned
immediately by removing some of the older canes and
some heading back to control the shape and form of
the bush. This should be done as early as possible as
the buds will be produced on the current season's
wood. Perennials that have finished flowering should
have the top seed heads removed and a balanced ferti-
lizer worked in around the plants. Super phosphate at
the rate of five pounds per 100 square feet may also
be advisable. Work this in immediately and follow
with a good mulch to control weeds.

CUT FLOWERS

Cut flowers for the house early in the morning
before the sun gets too strong. Place them in warm
water, about 95°, in a cool area for a couple of hours
before arranging them for table or mantel. A table-
spoon of sugar for a quart of water will help to pro-
long the life of the flowers. Aspirins and pennies will
shorten the life of many flowers.

Chrysanthemums can still be divided: lifting the
clumps out of the ground and removing the single
side stems, pinching back and watering-in well shad-
ing for a day or two until they become re-established.
This will give ideal flowering in the fall.

Asparagus is getting past its growth period and
cutting should be ending shortly. Beds should be fer-
tilized with a balanced fertilizer and application of
heavy mulch to control weed growth.

Lawns that have been making poor growth would
benefit from normal application of a commercial fer-
tilizer such as 6-12-12, applied when the grass is dry
or just before a rain. Avoid using fertilizers high in
nitrogen which stimulate leaf growth only.

VEGETABLE GARDENS

Vegetable gardens should be producing well now
and should be given adequate watering. If necessary,

side dressings of a balanced fertilizer, making rows 2”
or 3” from the base of the plant about an inch deep,
applying a light application of fertilizer in the row,
covering with soil and watering well. Increase the
mulching around vegetables to control the soil tem-
perature and weed growth. Many of the warm vegeta-
bles such as tomatoes, beans and cucumbers can still
be planted if space allows. Tomatoes should receive
plenty of water and regular feeding of a liquid ferti-
lizer to keep them growing well. Mulching under the
plants with straw or hay will keep the fruit off the
ground and help to prevent fruit rotting. Some thin-
ning of vegetables that are planted too thick should
be done to allow plenty of room for those remaining
to develop properly. Watch for insects and use recom-
mended sprays when needed. Follow instructions on
the label carefully, and do not use after certain dates
according to the instructions on the label. Do not use
herbicides of any kind in the vegetable garden. These
are poisonous.

If lawn areas under trees are doing poorly, addi-
tional feeding will be needed or grass removed and
replaced by a good mulch or ground cover to avoid
high maintenance.

Spring bulbs can now be cut back to ground level
or dug up and stored in a dry area until thoroughly
dried, cleaned and restored, with plenty of air circula-
tion.

If crabgrass was not controlled earlier and is grow-
ing now, proper sprays should be applied as indicated
earlier. If mowers have not been raised, you should
do so immediately so you are cutting no closer than
2'' — 2%" above the ground level.

— Robert J. Dingwall!
Chief Horticu/turist

The Garden’s Life Mem-
bers were honored at a
reception held recently in
the Henry Shaw Parlor in
the Administration Build-
ing. In attendance are,
from left, Mrs. John §.
Lehmann, William
Pagenstecher and
Howard Baer,

GARDEN BOUQUET

“On behalf of Governor Duane Yadon and
the Lions of District 26-A-1, the writer wishes to
thank you, the other officials, and the staff of
the Garden for the courtesies extended to Lions
International Director Kaoru Murakami of
Kyoto, Japan, his wife Shoko, and the rest of
the tour party on the occasion of their visit to
the Garden. The new Japanese Garden is beau -
tiful, and will be a great asset, comparable to
the Climatron.

“While walking around the Japanese Garden,
Director Murakami paused, looked all around
him, then said ‘1 have been in possibly one hun-
dred Japanese Gardens outside Japan but they
all lacked something. Here, today, for the first
time | feel that | am in Japan” On Sunday he
addressed another Lion District’s Convention in
Jefferson City, told of his visit to the Garden,
and said, ‘If this Japanese Garden were to be
transported to, and set down in, Japan, not one
thing would have to be changed.’ | am sure that
these expressions will be repeated many times
by Director Murakami as he travels throughout
the world, not only as a Director of Lions Inter-
national, but also as Director General of Urasen-
ke, with its more than five million members, all
people who are interested in preserving the cul-
tural heritage of the old Japan.

Sincerely,

Thomas M. Langan, International Under-

standing & Co-operation Chairman, District

26 A-1, Lions International.”

New Developments in Dutch
Elm Disease Control

Dutch elm disease — which is widespread in the
St. Louis area — ts noticed in the early stages during
the spring by flagging of the newer parts of the plant
where growth is commencing. Drooping of the leaves,
curling, shriveling and browning are all symptoms of
Dutch elm disease. During mid-summer the signs of
this disease are yellowing of the foliage and drooping.

Examine the lower trunk of your elm tree in the
spring for red burrowing dust, a fine sawdust-like
material caught in the bottoms of bark fissures. This
dust indicates the presence of native elm bark beetles
under the bark. The presence of the beetles does not
necessarily mean your trees have Dutch elm disease
but means that the are in imminent danger of infec-
tion in the next growing season.

Where the European elm bark beetle occurs, small
twigs on the ground under the elms may indicate that
these beetles have been feeding in large numbers and
may have caused infection. When either of the above
signs are present on your elms or those of your neigh-
bors, the immediate thing to do is to call a qualified
arborist and have him inspect your tree and if need
be, carry out the necessary treatment for the control
of the disease.

Dutch elm disease is caused by the fungus,
Ceratocystis ulmi. Tiny spores of the fungus, are car-
ried by elm bark beetles and are rapidly spread
through the water conducting system of elm trees
causing wilting and death. The disease is spread main-
ly by two beetles — the native elm bark beetle and
the small European elm bark beetle. The disease can
also be spread where trees are close together and

roots are intermingled. It is spread through the root
system of one plant into another. Prevention of the
disease means to keep elms healthy, vigorous and
properly pruned. Root feeding with a balanced fertili-
zer can do a great deal toward keeping the plants
healthy along with a regular watering schedule during
periods of drought.

One of the most promising chemicals tested to
date is Lignasan BLP, DuPont Trademark. This is a
water soluble derivative of a widely used Benlate
fungicide. This should be applied by qualified arbor-
ists who will determine the amount of the material
used for individual trees involved.

This is injected into the trees using a technique
commonly referred to as pressure injection and is
usually placed in a series of one-inch diameter holes
spaced at 6-inch intervals around the base of the tree.
Each hole is drilled through the bark to a depth
necessary to reach the current years wood. The rub-
ber gasket is placed in the hole; an injection head
placed against the gasket and attached to the tree
with nails. When a sufficient number of injection sites
are established on the tree, all heads are connected to
a common manifold by a series of hoses. The mani-
fold is then attached to a tank containing fungicide.
By application of a tank pressure of 50 pounds per-
square-inch, the fungicide can easily be administerd
to large trees, often within minutes.

Successful treatment depends largely on early de-
tection of disease symptoms. In trees where more
than 15% of the foliage is symptomatic, chances of
curing Dutch elm disease are slight. Treatment can be
applied from the time the leaf starts to break out
until leaves have matured.

For further information on treatment, contact
your local arborist in the metropolitan area.

MEMBERSHIPS — APRIL 1977

Mr./Mrs. Irwin R. Harris

Ms. Doris M. Haverstick
Mr./Mrs. Kenneth R. Heineman
Mr./Mrs, J. W. Henderson

Ms. Mary Louise Winkler
Mr./Mrs, E, G. Zeisler

NEW MEMBERSHIPS

HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES SPONSORING
Mr./Mrs. Howard F. Baer Mr. & Mrs. Herman Pott
Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom SUSTAINING

Mr./Mrs. Watson K, Blair

Mrs. Irene C. Jones

Mrs. John S, Lehmann

Mr./Mrs, James S. McDonnell, Jr.
Mr. Spencer T, Olin

Mr./Mrs, W. R, Orthwein, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Frederic M. Robinson
Mrs. Gladney Ross

Mr./Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly
Mr./Mrs. Warren M. Shapleigh
Mr./Mrs. Sydney Shoenberg, Jr.
Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Sr.
Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr.
Mr./Mrs, C. C, Johnson Spink
Mrs. Hermann F. Spoehrer

Mrs. Ben H. Wells

DIRECTOR'S ASSOCIATES

Mr. Clarence C. Barksdale
Mr. E. G. Cherbonnier
Mr./Mrs. Eldridge Lovelace
Mr./Mrs. A. Timon Primm, III
Mr./Mrs. Roland Quest
Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Ridgway
Mr. Roy L. Tarter

Miss Harriet Tatman

12

Ms. Eugenia L. Fagyal
Mr/Mrs. John Henry Foster
Mrs. Thelma Hecht

Mrs. Arthur Kerth

Mr./Mrs, Jay B. Lawrence
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Mrs. Thomas P. O'Hare
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Mr. John Wightman
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CONTRIBUTING

Miss Betty Bruck

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Ms. Shirley Kingsland
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Loy-Lange Box Company
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Mr./Mrs. James Myles
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Ms. Mary B. Roberts
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Christner Pertnership, Inc.
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13

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14

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Mr. Ross A. Winter

Mrs. Rosemary Witte
Mr./Mrs. Denis J. Wittenberger
Mr./Mrs. Robt. F. Woelfle
Mrs. Walter L. Wolf

Mr./Mrs. Duane R. Wolter
Wood Works, The

Mr./Mrs. Leland S. Wood
Mr./Mrs. Thomas J. Wood
Mr./Mrs. Earl Woodard

Mrs. Chloe C. Woods
Mr./Mrs. Samuel S. Workman
Mr./Mrs. R. C. Wray, Jr.

Mr. Kingsley O. Wright
Mr./Mrs. Wm. F. Wright
Mr./Mrs. Wallace D. Wright
Dr. Charles Wunderlich

Miss Helun Yorger

Mr./Mrs. Paul F. Young

Ms. Patricia Younglove
Dr./Mrs. Allan Zacher

Mrs. Gail Zagurski

Mr. Thomas Zant

INCREASE IN
MEMBERSHIP
SPONSORING

Mr./Mrs. Wm. N. Eisendrath, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Morton D. May

SUSTAINING

Mrs. Harold M. Baer
Mrs. R. A. Bullock
Mr./Mrs. B. B. Culver, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Henry P. Day

Dr./Mrs. John J. Garrett
Mr./Mrs. W. J. Hedley
Mr./Mrs. A. H. Homeyer
Mrs. M. M. Jenks

Mr./Mrs. David G. Lupo
Mr./Mrs. George E. Mowrer
Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Pearce
Sundermeyer Painting Co.
Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Senkosky
Mr./Mrs. James W. Singer, Jr.
Mrs. Rachel J. Telthorst

CONTRIBUTING

Mrs. Mary E. Ahern
Mr./Mrs. Raymond W. Armstrong
Mrs. Shirley A. Bachesta
Ms. Carlys Belmont
Mr./Mrs. W. R. Bosse
Mr./Mrs. Erwin F. Branahl
Mr./Mrs. Louis Buchhold
Mr./Mrs. Bruce S. Buckland
Mr./Mrs. R. L. Bushman
Mrs. Wm. G. Carson
Miss Lucille Cella
Mrs. Jill M. Clayton
Mr./Mrs. Charles F. Cook
Mr. Marc N. Corson
Mr./Mrs. Eldred A. Coyce
Ms. Delores Delsing
Dr. Jackson Eto
Mr./Mrs. H. lt: Finch, Jr.
Mrs. Selen E. Fitzroy
Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Gaddy
Mr./Mrs. Gilbert Getz
Mrs. Nancy M. Gladney
Mr./Mrs. Joe D. Haddon
Miss Blanche Halloway
Mr./Mrs. Otto Hasek
Mr./Mrs. Glenn E. Heitz
Miss Dorothy Huelsman
Mrs. Daniel W. Jasper
Mr./Mrs. Paul A. Johnson
Mr./Mrs. Norvell G. Jones
Mr. Gerald P. Knight
Mrs. Mary A. Kreienbaum
Mr./Mrs. Earl J. Kutta
Mr./Mrs. John C. Leoder
Mr. and Mrs. Charles Luther, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Frances R. Lynch
Dr./Mrs. John J. McNamara
Metropolitan St. Louis
African Violet Society
Mrs. Mildred A. Miksicek
Mrs. Martin J. Mullally
Mr./Mrs. Burchard Neel, Jr.
Mrs. C. Sidney Nesehoff
Mr./Mrs. Wm. H. Olmsted
Mrs. Jane K. Pelton
Mr./Mrs. Gene Pomeroy
Mr./Mrs. John K. Riedy
Mrs. Chandler F, Rinehard
Mr./Mrs. Julian G. Samuels
Mr. William Schreiver
Mr./Mrs. Samuel B. Singer
Mr./Mrs. Edwin J. Spiegel
Mr./Mrs, Salomon Sutker
Dr./Mrs. Thomas Thale
Mr./Mrs. Hubert J. Tyrrell
Mr./Mrs. Matthew Van Dyke
Mr./Mrs. Stanton L. White
Mr./Mrs. Jerry Wightman
Mr./Mrs. Bert Wiseman

APRIL 1977 TRIBUTES

In Honor of Mr. David Baron's 83rd Birthday

Mr./Mrs. Ellis C. Littman

In Honor of Mrs. Raymond Bessinger

The Little Gardens Club

In Honor of Mr./Mrs. Raymond Burlew’s

40th Wedding Anniversary
Mr./Mrs. L. H. Niebling

In Honor of Gene and Gina Hemme’s Birthdays

Lillian B. Feil

In Honor of Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Kesko’s
Wedding Anniversary

Mr./Mrs. Walter G. Stern

Elsie Glick

In Honor of Mr./Mrs. Tom Rosenbloom’s
30th Wedding Anniversary

Allen and Saretta Portnoy

In Honor of Mr./Mrs. Joseph Ruwitch’s

40th Wedding Anniversary

Jenny and Leonard Strauss

In Honor of Dr./Mrs. Albert C. Stutsman’s

Birthdays

Mrs. Dee W. Eades

In Honor of Mrs. Ellis Littmann’s Birthday

In Honor of the Tribute Fund

Lester L. Best
Ravarino & Freschi, Inc.

George and Lois Tomazi

is

APRIL 1977 TRIBUTES
(continued)

In Memory of Rebecca Rosen Agress
J. Richardson Usher

In Memory of Mr. Morris C. Barnhart
Duane M, Smith

In Memory of Mr. Frank Barnidge

Mrs, Henry Griesdedieck
Mr./Mrs, Edwin S. Taylor
Edwin R. Waldemer

In Memory of Mrs. Charles E. Bascom

Mrs. John Berdan

Mr./Mrs. W. W. Boyd

Mrs, Jean-Jacques Carnal
Mr./Mrs. Sam'l C. Davis

Mrs. Kenneth Drummond
Mr./Mrs. Leicester B. Faust
Mr./Mrs. Henry Hitchcock
Mr./Mrs, W. R. Orthwein, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly
Mr./Mrs. Warren Shapleigh
Mrs. John M, Shoenberg
Mr./Mrs. Sydney M. Shoenberg, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Edward C. Simmons
Mrs. Theodore M. Simmons
Mr./Mrs. Robert B. Smith
Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. John C. Tuten, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. John K. Wallace
Mr./Mrs. C. Powell Whitehead
Mr./Mrs. Neal Wood

In Memory of Mrs. Emil G. Bauer, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Stockho

In Memory of Marion Rombauer Becker

Mr./Mrs. William Eisendrath

In Memory of Miss Bess Belzer
Dr./Mrs. Armand D, Fries

In Memory of Mrs. Dorothy L. Fogarty
Emily and Helen Novak

In Memory of Peggy Koerner Gibson
Florence F, Henderson

In Memory of Mr. Gold

Mr./Mrs. H. M. Talcoff

In Memory of Mrs. 0.D. Guth
Mr./Mrs. Edward J. Costigan

In Memory of Leo G. Hadley, Jr.
Willis D. Hadley

In Memory of Marie Herdlean
Mrs. Melvin Obermeyer

In Memory of August H. Hummert, Jr.

Mrs. August H. Hummert, Jr.

In Memory of Mrs. Claudia Jackson
Betty Cocke Wright

In Memory of Leah Mary Kelley

Lucille Aude
Marjorie L. Feuz
Clara Johannes
Luella Rauscher

In Memory of Opal Ashley Kiefaber
Isabelle R. Schwerdtmann

In Memory of Ernest M. McKee

Mr./Mrs. Fred Fangmann
Mr./Mrs. Dave Winston

In Memory of Delores Mendle
Mr./Mrs. Chester A. Steiner

In Memory of Joe Meyers

Mrs. Jeanne Blacklock

In Memory of Mr. William G. Moore, Jr.

Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. George P. Whitelaw, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Neal Wood

In Memory of Rose Nevius
David Cohen

In Memory of Mary Ann Pappas

Mrs. Elmer D. Abramson

In Memory of Jack Paster
Mr./Mrs. Leon Hurwitz

In Memory of Susie Peterson

Kirkwood Chapter No. 358 Eastern Star

Past Matrns Club Chapter
No. 358 Eastern Star

In Memory of Mrs. Mable Pratt

Rose Society of Greater St. Louis

In Memory of Mrs. J. Gilbert Princell

Mr./Mrs. William J. Abbott

The Gene & James Adams Families

Audiovisual Services, St. Louis
Public Schools

Edith and Nina Bernd

Mr./Mrs. Bernard Bloomberg

Bill and Jeanne Bruns

Mrs. John W. Calhoun

Mr./Mrs, Clark M, Driemeyer

Dr./Mrs, Richard S, Gordon

Dr./Mrs. F. G. Irwin

Roy W., Jordan

Emma N., Kraus

Mr./Mrs. Herman A. Lueking

Mrs. Georgia Nicholson

Mr./Mrs. Thomas W. Parry, Jr.

S. F. Paterson

Mr./Mrs. Henry F. Sieland

Mr./Mrs, Eli M. Strassner

The Bob & Jack Taylor Families

Mr./Mrs. Edwin S. Taylor

Mr./Mrs. Paul H. Young

In Memory of Mr./Mrs. Edward R. Roesler

Mr./Mrs. Sterling J. Ryan

In Memory of Steve Rossbach
Mr./Mrs. H.M. Talcoff

In Memory of Mrs. J. H. Sheppard
Bess J. Corn

In Memory of Mrs. Lewis Slack
Mr./Mrs. John Brodhead

In Memory of S. A. Sperber
Mrs. Albert Wagenfuehr

In Memory of Sue Strake
Beatrice Obermeyer

In Memory of Nora J. Taylor
Mrs. Horton Watkins

In Memory of George C. Thien
Mr./Mrs. Edward Heickelbach

In Memory of Mrs. Peggy A. Thomas
Mary and Rich Weinstock

In Memory of Mrs. Ralf Toensfeldt

Mr./Mrs. John K. Bryan
Edwin R. Waldemer

MISSOURI! BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN SECOND CLASS
2345 Tower Grove Avenue POSTAGE
Saint Louis, Missouri 63110 PAID

AT ST. LOUIS, MO.

Missouri
Botanical

Garden
Bulletin

New Genus of Mosses Discovered

Dr. Marshall R. Crosby, chairman of the Garden’s Botany Department,
unpacks following a botanical field trip. On expedition to Chile, Dr.
Crosby discovered a new genus of mosses, called Florschuetzia, charac-
terized by the absence of peristone at the mouth of the capsule, see
inset upper right.

During a recent plant collecting expedition to
Chile, Dr. Marshall R. Crosby, chairman of the Gar-
den’s Botany Department, discovered a remarkable
new genus of mosses, which he has named
Florschuetzia.

The expedition, a joint Missouri Botanical Garden
— Field Museum of Natural History effort sponsored
by the National Geographic Society, was to explore
southern Chile from the area of Concepcion south to
the island of Chiloe and compare the species found
there with those known from farther south. While
several new species have been discovered among the
collections since returning to St. Louis, Dr. Crosby
says that he knew within a few moments of its discov-
ery that Florschuetzia was something exciting and
probably previously unknown.

Florschuetzia was found at the end of a long

collecting day in a small nature preserve. The preserve
had been an island in the Rio Pilmaiquen until some
twenty years ago, when the river was diverted to pro-
duce hydroelectric power. The preserve is enjoyed by
many people from the nearby town of Entre Lagos,
and the trail bank on which Florschuetzia grows is
passed by hundreds of visitors yearly.

The first plants which Dr. Crosby found lacked
spore capsules, which are usually critical for the
complete identification of mosses. The leafy plants
which he examined with his hand lens resembled
those of the family Calymperaceae, which was of
interest because that family occurs mostly in tropical
areas and was not found in Chile. However, further
search revealed many capsules, and they showed that
the moss’s relationships were in a totally different
family. This family is called Buxbaumiaceae and is
considered a primitive one, based on the structure of
its peristome, the part of the capsule which regulates
spore dispersal. Three genera were known, and all had
a similar peristome. The most striking feature of the
new moss was that it had no peristome at all,
although the general appearance of the plants indi-
cated a close relationship to Diphyscium, the largest
genus of Buxbaumiaceae.

Several frustrating weeks in Chile followed. The
Institute de Botanica at the Universidad Austral in
Valdivia had the critical reference book which would
tell if the discovery was new. Dr. Crosby made
Valdivia his headquarters while in Chile. But, the
institute was closed while its staff was on vacation.
A telegram was sent to St. Louis asking that refer-
ences be consulted to determine if anything like the
new find had been described. The reply was that
several species of the related genus Diphyscium were
known from South America. Published descriptions
of these poorly known species were sent to Dr.
Crosby, but they were not detailed enough to deter-

(Continued on Page 2)

Volume LXV Number 7
July 1977

GENUS OF MOSSES = (continued from Page 1)

mine if the previously known species were the same
as his collection. When he returned to St. Louis, Dr.
Crosby studied specimens in the Garden's herbarium
and those borrowed from other herbaria. After
studying all the known species of Diphyscium, he
concluded that his collection differed in three impor-
tant ways from all of them: first, his plant had no
peristome; second, its leaf blades were only one-cell-
thick, while all species of Diphyscium had leaf blades
two-or three-cells thick; and third, the spore capsule
differed significantly in its shape from that of any
species of Diphyscium. Thus, the plant was described
as a new genus, Florschuetzia, in honor of Peter A.
Florschuetz, a Dutch botanist who made important
contributions to what we know about South
American mosses. The only species of the genus is
Florschuetzia pilmaiquen, after the river near which
the plants grow.

This discovery touches on several aspects of the
research in which the Botany Department is engaged.
First, many of the projects are cooperative efforts
between the Garden and institutions here and abroad.
In this case, Dr. Crosby was working with a colleague
from Chicago; they depended on the cooperation of
the Chileans for transportation, facilities, and access
to collecting areas; botanists at herbaria in the United
States, Europe, Canada and Japan provided speci-
mens, literature, and expertise during the study of
Florschuetzia. Second, the research is largely grant
supported. The National Science Foundation provides
most of the funding, but the National Geographic
Society and other organizations provide significant
help. Third, much of the initial work is done far away
from St. Louis. Fourth, the Garden’s herbarium and
library collections provide a ready source of
information about the plants being studied and act as
repositories for staff collections and publications.
Finally, the researchers in the Department receive a
tremendous amount of support from the technical,
volunteer and secretarial staff. Without their help,
research work would be almost impossible.

Garden Gate Shop
Has Gifts Galore

Patio glasses, trays, ice buckets, planters and plant
stands to enhance any porch or patio — these are the
colorful items currently being featured as summer
stars at the Garden Gate Shop.

With summer weddings on everyone's calendar,
the shop also offers a wide range of gift items,
including candlesticks, trivets, plates, cups and sau-
cers, plastic and cotton placemats and napkins.

Garden Members are invited to visit the Garden
Gate Shop and take advantage of the wide variety of
summertime gifts at discount prices.

2

OF
Mea@ THE SHOW

This delicate rose, a Toro entered by Mrs. Earl Schillinger of St. Louis,
was awarded a first prize during the annual show of the Rose Society
of Greater St. Louis.

Symphony to Perform
in Garden Setting

The St. Louis Symphony Orchestra, under the
baton of Assistant Conductor Gerhardt Zimmermann,
will present a summer concert at the Garden Saturday
evening, July 9, at 7:30 p.m.

The program will consist of the works of Brahms,
Wagner, Dvorak and Waldtenfel.

Tickets will be on sale at the Garden’s Main Gate
on the evening of the performance, beginning at 6:30
p.m. Admission will be $2.50 for adults, including
Garden members, and $1.50 for children.

The performance will take place on a portable
stage erected south of the Desert House. The concert
is funded in part by a grant from the Missouri Arts
Council.

The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN ts pub-

lished 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical
Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110.
Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year.
$6.00 foreign.

The Role of the Landscape Architect
in Botanical Garden Development

John Simonds

The following is the text of an address delivered
before the American Association of Botanical Gar-
dens and Arboreta by John Simonds, senior partner
of Environmental Planning and Design, Pittsburgh,
whose firm developed the master plan for the
Missouri Botanical Garden. The accompanying map
of the master plan shows the Garden in detail. Dr.
Taylor, mentioned in the first sentence, is president
of AABGA, which held its recent annual meeting in
St. Louis, with the Garden as host.

Dr. Taylor, distinguished members and guests of
the American Association of Botanical Gardens and
Arboreta, | too am proud and pleased to be here
today, but | must tell you, you have the wrong man.
The person who should be talking with you today
about the design and planning of botanical gardens
and arboreta is, in my opinion, my partner and
member of your Association, Geoffrey Rausch. In my
admittedly biased view, Geoff is one of the nation’s
foremost designers of such _ installations, having
served, and presently serving, as consulting planner/

designer of the Missouri Botanical Garden here in St.
Louis,of the new Chicago Botanic Garden, Cleveland’s
Holden Arboretum, and the emerging Cary
Arboretum in up-State New York. Geoff, would you
stand for a moment, please?

Geoff and | share a keen interest in botanical gar-
dens and a belief in their increasingly important role
in helping to shape a better living environment.
Between us we figure that so far we have visited and
studied over forty of the major examples around the
world. Each has its lessons, each has its merits, but we
believe that as an urban research and teaching center
or horticulture, there are few to compare with this
garden in St. Louis.

Dr. Raven has described for you in glowing terms
the evolving plan of the Missouri Botanical Garden
and | must say that he is persuasive; but could it
possibly be that in his enthusiasm as Director he has
allowed himself to get carried away? | should like to
take the time allotted me to apply to his garden, our
garden — the garden of many, many contributors —
some critical tests to see how it all checks out.

Does the garden express a compelling goal?

It is a law of human endeavor, and marksmanship,
that one seldom scores better than one aims. In con-
sidering the planning, or replanning, of a fine
botanical garden — elevate your sights. Aim high!

It has been told that once in a medieval courtyard
three carpenters, working amidst their shavings and
chips, were asked, what they were doing. One said,
“Can't you see! I’m sawing a plank.’’ Another, ‘‘I’m
assembling a door.”’ The third replied,’‘| am helping
to build a cathedral.’’ Which carpenter would do the
best job? | think we might all agree.

As a corollary, in considering the planning of a
new garden a Board chairman might propose, ‘There
seems to be sufficient local interest to warrant giving
it a try."’ How different if the chairman were to pro-
claim, ‘“The members of our Board are all aware of
the many telling contributions that a fine botanical
garden (or arboretum) can make to a community. We
are convinced of the need for such an installation
here. It will do much to enrich the lives of our
citizens and add a whole new and attractive dimen-
sion to our regional landscape. We therefore propose
to begin at once to search for the most suitable site,
to prepare the best possible long range plan, to raise
the necessary funds, and to construct the garden stage
by stage as conditions will permit. We will contrive
each component as best we are able, and all compo-
nents together within a beautiful park-like setting.
The people of the surrounding areas will come to
enjoy the garden as it takes form — and we will all

3

learn together!”’

Set your goals high! Let them shine out through
all the work to follow.

Do the garden plans stem from a comprehensive
program?

They must. And comprehensive is the key word.
At the time the new program is being formulated
everyone concerned with the garden and its use
should be brought into the discussions. The Board for
policy guidelines, the permanent staff, the special
interest groups and societies, the maintenance
workers, and volunteers. This is a time to talk it all
out together — to let the ideas flow and congeal. A
sound program will include all the elements. It will
list and describe each building, function, and the
required floor area. It will note the desired land use
areas and their preferred relationships. It will consider
the points of access, the routes of vehicular move-
ment, the size and location of parking and service
compounds, the paths of pedestrian movement and
interconnection. Visitor days and hours will be
discussed as will be the program emphasis, the type
and extent of the plant collections, displays and
supporting facilities. Every facet and phase of opera-
tion will be in turn reviewed and specific require-
ments detailed and listed in a balanced working
program. This is not only helpful; it is essentia/. For

ont ega fh
*

oe”
m) ae ie
© ee ar

MAGNOLIA

EXISTING

DADAMS

the garden, in sum, can be no better than the ele-
ments of which it is comprised.

Does the garden build upon the past?

The St. Louis Botanical Garden has a distin-
guished heritage. When Henry Shaw first opened the
gates in 1859 the visitors came upon features that one
can still enjoy today. Yesterday, more than a century
later, | walked beneath trees that Henry Shaw must
have planted — a towering sycamore, a glorious
beech, and magnificent oaks and buckeyes. Many of
you will agree from experience that to deny the
history of such a garden, or to change its orientation
abruptly, is to lose much of value and generate
difficulties. A garden which builds upon its tradition
will provide many economies, bring along friends, and
extend the momentum to carry it into the future. For
only when a garden has roots in the past can it come
to full flowering in the present and yield its best fruit
in the years ahead. A primary requisite of any
Planning Committee or Board is a sense of History.

Does the garden express the character of the region?

It should. Each regional landscape is unique. The
most agreeable homes, communities and gardens of
the world are those that borrow their nature and
power from the regional topography, construction
materials, vegetation, color, and character. Examples

PROPOSED
EXPERIMENTAL GREENHOUSE 1) MAINTENANCE COMPLEX
DIRECTORS. RESIDENCE 7 VISITORS CENTER /FLORAL DISPLAY HOUSE/ RESTAURANT
GAZEBO J) GREENHOUSE (DEMONSTRATION
GARDEN CLUB HEADQUARTERS TD) STAGE /AMPHITHEATER AREA
ENTRANCE S$) BOXWOOD GARDENS
ROSE GARDEN 6) CARILLON/ VIEWING TOWER
KNOLLS 7) RESTROOMS/WORK STORAGE AREA
wooos

LINNAEAN HOUSE
CLIMATRON
DISPLAY HOUSE

PROPAGATION AND GROWING AREA
POWER PLAN

LEHMANN BUILDING

ADMINISTRATION BUILDING (RENOVATED)

‘
MAUSOLEUM $
SCENTED GARDEN 9)
HERB GARDEN 1) ExT
{2 DISPLAY HOUSE
7} HOME LANDSCAPE DEMONSTRATION GARDEN
14) MAJOR DISPLAY GARDEN
15) COURT GARDEN
16) MAJOR TREE PLANTING/ MOUNDS /ROCK GARDEN

DKA RONVIONZIZIONE

1?) JAPANESE GARDEN

18) LAKE EXPANSION

19 PRIMARY PEDESTRIAN LOOP AND MINI- BUS CIRCULATION
30) SECONDARY PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION

Zi SITE IMPROVEMENTS DIRECTORS RESIDENCE

22 ROSE GARDEN/ARBOR

1) REFLECTION POOLS

24) WATERFALL

x STREAM

SHAW AVENUE

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

‘
jo nose sy mr iseueon ee tre

include:
A New England farmstead fitted to stream and
woodlot,
A sprawling prairie town, with its strong
horizontal and vertical lines,
A San Francisco hillside home braced and
terraced against the view,
A Florida patio garden with enclosing walls,
lush sub-tropical foliage and shaded pool. . .
Each is expressive of its locale. Each borrows
quality from its site and returns this quality
many fold.

The St. Louis region is rich in mellow gray lime-
stone. It is blessed with luxuriant vegetation, abun-
dant water and undulating ground forms. In the
revised garden plans we have persuaded the ground
forms to undulate more and have shaped them to
enframe a new system of lakes and waterways. Look
to this garden in both its former and current design to
discover those ways in which it expresses its place in
its native Missouri region. The more, the better.

Does the plan respond to the site?

A farmer laying out buildings, fields and orchards
will analyze his land with great care. He will test the
soil, observe the sweep of the sun, the force and
direction of wind, the play of the breeze, and note
the drainage patterns. He will fit and adjust each
element of his farmstead to achieve the optimum
relationships. So must it be with a garden.

| recall that we had been working for two years
on the plans for Chicago’s Botanic Garden when Dr.
Francis deVos first came to take charge and called for
a year’s moratorium ‘‘to get the feel of the land.’”’ It
was time well spent. The revised plans were better.
The original studies had grown out of a leaning
toward display. The new plans were to place emphasis
on the best possible siting of the collections, the stra-
tegic grouping of research and maintenance facilities
and the creation of an island teaching center and
related demonstration gardens. In particular the new
plans were marked by a sensitivity to the limitations
and possibilities of the project site.

In St. Louis, too, our first efforts with Dr. Raven
and his staff were to develop an empathy for the site,
in order that any negative aspects might be
ameliorated and that the full site potential might be
realized in our joint planning.

Does the garden have a controlling theme?

After a program has been thoughtfully prepared
and the site explored and analyzed, there comes the
time to step and ask, ‘‘What should this garden be?”
Often, in a few sentences, it is possible to state a
design concept so simply and clearly that it will
govern all aspects and details of the developing plan.

In Chicago, for instance, confronted with a
depleted farm, highway borrow pits and a polluted

stream, the planning team agreed, ‘‘We will create here
a whole new landscape of streams, lagoons and rolling
hills as the garden setting. The excavated material
shall be shaped into a sculptured central island
surrounded by smaller islands and embracing land
forms to provide windscreen and visual protection.
The roads and public parking “rooms” will be fitted
into the bordering land areas, and all garden elements
linked by meandering pedestrian paths and a scenic

mini-bus route.”
In St. Louis it was decided to protect and

preserve the integrity of the established research and
educational complex, and to honor the Climatron
theme piece and the historic buildings. A new vehi-
cular approach and commodius motor court would be
designed, together with a visitors’ center. At the far
property corner, as a cool and refreshing summer
attraction, a lake would be developed as the site of a
Japanese garden. Visitors would be directed along a
broad pathway loop around which, and beside which,
new collections and garden areas would be installed in
progressive stages.

New York's Cary Arboretum is taking form on a
magnificent forested mountainside overlooking a
valley stream. Here, meadows are being ‘‘let into’’ the
wooded upland slopes, fields opened up above the
marsh, and bridges built across the watercourse — all
to accommodate the functions and interconnections
required of a dynamic research and teaching institu-
tion. Each use area is planned for optimum function
and inter-relationship with other areas. Circulation
drives and paths are so arranged as to provide ef-
ficient linkage while discovering and revealing the
best views and topographical features.

The Holden Arboretum, to the east of Cleveland,
is well established on a superbly beautiful site of
rolling farmland, ravine and forest. Here the task of
the Board, Director, and planning team was that of
redefining goals, consolidation and implementation.
A new system of circulation ways provided the
Opportunity to both unify and inter-relate the
research, demonstration and _ conservation-nature
study sectors.

Is the plan of the garden soundly contrived?

Does it have a logical diagram? Does it have a
well-balanced structural framework to which all
present and future components may be related? One
glance at the lines of a well-designed sloop is enough
to tell the experienced sailor how she will handle. So
it is with the basic plan layout of a fine botanical
garden. If well conceived, the relationship of the
major land uses, structures and circulation ways can
be described in a few clean and eloquent lines.

A sound plan translates all aspects of the program
into /and use areas of the proper size and shape and
arranges these into the most compatible groupings.
These are in turn so arranged over the topographic
survey as to take fullest advantage of the landscape

5

features. All plan areas are then linked with lines of
vehicular and pedestrian movement devised so as to
“run with the land.’ Only when all the elements have
been brought into optimum position has the plan
solution ‘‘arrived.”’

Have the plan areas been developed as spaces?

All landscape planning of excellence is ultimately
involved with the creation of out of door spaces.
Each is so designed so as to accommodate and express
its particular use. A parking compound, for example,
should be designed, in three dimensions, to function
as a workable and attractive parking space. A service
area, without enclosure, exposes to view a disarray of
materials, tools, and equipment and detracts from
adjacent garden areas. Designed as a functional
working space the same area — paved, enclosed by
grated walls, provided with well-placed equipment
stalls, tool racks and storage bins, and furnished with
hydrants, lighting, a vine, and a tree or two —
becomes a pleasant, and efficient, working environ-
ment.

Each area of the garden is to be considered in
terms of its optimum use and volumetric enclosure —
by walls, mounding, hedges or loose foliage. It can be
categorically stated that the single most common
failing of unappealing landscape areas is a lack of
studied spatial enframement.

Is the garden conceived in terms of systems?

Does it clearly describe discernible systems of use,
operation and servicing? Is there a system of drainage,
of irrigation, of signing, of lighting, and a unified
family of site furnishings with such standardized and
interchangeable parts as bench slats, sign blanks,
screw anchors, lock washers and lamp globes? Such
coordination can reduce warehouse inventories — and
maintenance costs — by half.

Does the plan provide a sequence of compact gar-
den nodes of high use intensity surrounded by
parklike open space that is easy to maintain? Are all
materials of high quality and adapted to modular
construction? Competent planning reduces installa-
tion costs and maintenance budgets.

Will the garden plan accommodate change?

Planning is not to be considered the production
of an elaborate master plan that will remain
unchanged and inflexible for all time. Such a plan can
only be static, and like a static plant, is dead.
Planning, at best, is a dynamic, evolving process by
which changing needs, requirements and
Opportunities are kept in balance through continuing
review and consultation. To retain its vitality the
General Plan (of development) must be up-dated
periodically.

Ideally, the General Plan is contrived as a guide-

6

line for orderly growth. It determines the basic
organization of land use relationships, assigns proj-
ected area needs and capacities, indicates the major
routes of movement and interconnection, establishes
the most efficient utility and service diagrams and
sets the spatial framework. It locates in schematic
form a place for all foreseeable garden components,
yet carries into detail only those to be constructed
soon. While the size and nature of all future elements
are suggested, the plan should permit and encourage
innovation and creativity in the design of each new
structure or garden area all within the spirit of the
guiding General Plan.

It has been well said that the only thing certain Is
change. Needs, requirements and opportunities
change with the times. Each new Director, Board
member and dedicated staff worker will bring to the
garden fresh thinking, new approaches, and added
thrust. These can be accommodated by — and con-
tributed to — a well conceived General Plan.

Does the garden express its purpose?

When architect Louis Sullivan proclaimed, ‘‘Form
follows function!’’ he was asserting a profound
conviction. It was like stating the philosophical
premise that, ‘‘God_ is love.’’ Once you have said it,
you have said it all. What Sullivan, a consummate
designer was proposing was that a well-designed knife,
for example, should look, feel, and cut like a knife —
like the best possible knife that the user could imag-
ine. A sailboat should be shaped and rigged like the
best imaginable wind-driven craft. A home should be
planned as the best conceivable dwelling for a given
family at a given time and place. In like manner, a
botanical garden or arboretum should be planned
from the start to express and fulfill to the utmost its
many various functions.

How can the plans be tested?

The ultimate test of a superior botanical garden —
or any other work of landscape architecture — is the
supreme test of human experience. As each garden
segment is constructed it can of course then be tested
on the basis of actual performance. But even in the
planning stage much can be learned by spreading out
the developing master plan and tracing through it in
one’s imagination the experience of the users. One
might say, for instance,

“1 am the Director. As | enjoy breakfast on the
terrace of my secluded home | am eager to take my
daily walk through the garden to note the condition
of each area and the changes that each new day of the
season brings. Today, this is the path | will take, and
this is what | will see. . .

| am a teacher bringing a group of students on
tour. As we arrive at the broad approach to the
Climatron the children view its dome across the pools
and fountain. They have heard about the tropical

plants and displays inside this great glass structure
and hurry along to see them.

| am a retired businessman. My wife and | drive in
each week to enjoy long hours in quiet exploration.
Today, we are bringing visiting friends. As we turn off
the freeway and enter the parking compound we are
welcomed at the handsome new visitors center for
orientation and then move out through the historic
Linnaean House to view the annual and perennial
floral displays on the way to the Japanese Garden.

| am in charge of the research program and | take
pride in these quarters within an extensive horticul-
tural laboratory, yet out of the stream of traffic. . .

| am the horticulturalist. . .

| am an unsighted child. . .

| am the superintendent of maintenance. . .

| am a volunteer worker. . .

|! am the postman. ..

the refuse collector. . .

the driver of the tour bus. . .”’

If for any of these visitors as we trace their way,
through the plans, on their daily rounds we
experience for them points of possible confusion,
annoyance, or incongruity — the plans require further
study.

If for a// who will visit, use, or service the instal-
lation the experiences will be those of convenience,
comfort, reward and delight — if everything is
working well together — then the plans are sound and
good — and the gardens will be beautiful. For beauty,
by definition, is neither more, nor less, than ‘‘the
perceived harmonious relationship of all the
elements.”

Dr. Raven — as scientists, citizens and hundreds
of thousands of visitors work in and move through
your garden each year — may each find here an
experience of pleasure, instruction and beauty. May
this beauty, magnified, become part of their lives — a
powerful force for good in the city, region and
nation. This, in its simplest, fullest sense, has been the
goal of the garden planning.

John Simonds

John O. Simonds is Past President of the Ameri-
can Society of Landscape Architects. His firm, EPD,
The Environmental Planning and Design Partnership
of Pittsburgh and Miami Lakes, Florida, is engaged in
a wide range of landscape architectural and commu-
nity planning projects in this country and abroad.

He is author of “Landscape Architecture,’’ and
“The Freeway In The City,” two books that have had
a profound effect upon the American landscape.
McGraw-Hill is soon to publish his latest
work, *’Earthscape,” a manual of environmental
planning and design.

David Goudy Named
Director of Public Services

David Goudy at entrance to Japanese Garden.

David Goudy, a member of the Garden staff since
1970, has been named to the new position of director
of public services, it was announced by Dr. Peter H.
Raven, director.

Since 1971, Mr. Goudy has served as superintend-
ent of the Shaw Arboretum, the Garden’s four-
square-mile wildlife and nature preserve at Gray
Summit, Missouri.

In his new position, he will be responsible for the
Garden’s departments and operations which serve the
public, including the Arboretum, the Ecological Serv-
ices and Education Departments, the Flower Wagon,
Main Gate operations, Public Relations and Publica-
tions, and sales, including the Garden Gate Shop and
Horticultural Services.

Mr. Goudy, who graduated from Washington
University in 1969, resides with his wife, Tracy, and
son on the Arboretum grounds.

Shaw Birthday Set
For Sunday, July 24

Henry Shaw’s Birthday Party, staged by the
Tower Grove House Auxiliary, will begin at noon on
Sunday, July 24, in the area of the Garden marked by
a huge balloon.

Famous’ dishpan cookies will be served with
punch and at 2:30 p.m., a cake baked in the shape of
Tower Grove House will be cut. Prizes will be
awarded throughout the day and there will be bal-
loons for the children, live entertainment and music.

Garden Members are invited to visit the Garden
and celebrate the birthday of its founder.

Thousands Join i In Celebration of Jap

SAE
et '

Sakura dancers,
in traditional
Japanese cos-

tume, perform
for a crowd of
Garden visitors
during the four-
day celebration
marking the
opening of the
new Japanese
Garden.

For four colorful days in May, the Missouri
Botanical Garden was the center of the most intensive
public attention in its history, as thousands of visitors
took part in the celebrations surrounding the official
dedication of Se/wa-En, the new Japanese Garden.

Guests and dignitaries from as far away as Japan
were on hand to participate in the four-day celebra-
tion, along with distinguished visitors and public
officials from the bi-state area.

On Sunday, May 8, the final day of the Japanese
Garden celebration, nearly 15,000 visitors came
through the Garden’s Main Gate for a Japanese
Festival — the largest crowd in the Garden’s 118-year
history.

Festivities began earlier in the week, however,
with the issuance of ‘Japanese Garden Week”
proclamations by St. Louis Mayor James F. Conway
and St. Louis County Supervisor Gene McNary. The
city proclamation was announced during the raising
of a symbolic ‘‘carp’’ banner at City Hall. The cere-
mony was attended by Mrs. Conway and a delegation
from Suwa, St. Louis’ sister city in Japan.

Honored guests at formal dedication ceremonies
on May 5 included His Excellency Fumihiko Togo,
Ambassador of Japan to the United States; Mrs.
Togo; Japanese Consul! General and Mrs. Kiyoshi
Sumiya from Chicago; Mayor and Mrs. Setsuji
lwamoto from Suwa, Japan; Toshitane Hirabayashi
from the Nagano Prefecture, Missouri's sister-state in
Japan; Taro Ishibashi, aide to Ambassador Togo; and
others.

Paul Simon, St. Louis aldermanic president repre-
senting Mayor Conway, addressed a large crowd at
the dedication ceremonies and hailed the new garden

8

s ‘the crowning achievement” of the recent renewal
of the Garden’s ‘‘vitality and exuberance.”

The revival of the Spirit of St. Louis, he said, ‘“has
never been better expressed than it’s being expressed
today in the dedication of this Japanese Garden.”

Following the dedication ceremonies, a dinner for
nearly 250 guests and dignitaries was held at the
University Club. In the Japanese tradition, gifts were
presented to special guests, while all in attendance
were given sake-cup favors, made of cypress wood
from Suwa and inscribed in Japanese, ‘in commem-
oration of the Dedication of the Japanese Garden,
May 5, 1977."

On Friday, May 6, a Members Day was held at the
Garden, highlighted by the presentation of a series of
historic calligraphy screens to the Garden by Miss
Sakicho Kacho, the great-granddaughter of Prince
Sadanaru Fushimi, a Japanese nobelman who visited
the Japanese Imperial Garden at the 1904 St. Louis
World’s Fair.

A traditional Japanese tea ceremony was also
performed during the Members Day program.

On Saturday, a special Children’s Day festival was
held at the Garden, featuring exhibits and perform-
ances of Japanese arts and crafts, and workshops for
children of all ages. In Japan, Children’s Day is a
national holiday.

On Sunday, the final day of the celebration,
visitors to the Japanese Festival were greeted by
silk-screened banners, flying Japanese carp flags and
six foot paper ornaments of flower petals, chains and
tiny birds. The Garden had been transformed, in fact,
into a Japanese paradise in honor of the new Japanese
Garden.

se Garden Opening

Ceremonies proclaiming “Japanese Garden Week” in St. Louis
included the raising of carp banners at City Hall, attended by
visitors from Japan.

. * eS cs we

Carp banners, a traditional Japanese symbol, wave over the Garden’s Shoenberg
Fountain during Japanese Festival Day, May 8.

)

St. Louis County Supervisor Gene McNary, right, signs official docu-
ment proclaiming “Japanese Garden Week” in St. Louis County. At Strolling from the Yatsuhashi (zig-zag) Bridge, a young couple begins a

left is Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden Director. tour of the new Garden.

9

Japanese Garden Opening. . .

mA oN
xe “a a RS * . :

.

ol
: Po oa Se
BB oe a Nae

Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director, escorts His Excellency Fumihiko
Togo, Ambassador of Japan to the United States, and Mrs. Togo
Toshitane Hirabayashi, from the Nagano Prefecture, Missouri's sister- through the Teahouse gate on Nakajima (Middle) Island. Ambassador
State in Japan, takes part in the Shinto dedication rite for Seiwa-En. and Mrs. Togo were honored guests at the dedication and a dinner
The teahouse was built by Mr. Hirabayashi’s construction firm. afterwards at the University Club.

Colorful dramatic,
foot-thumping ex-
hibitions by the
Taiko Drummers of
San Francisco high-
lighted the enter-
tainment during
Japanese Garden
weekend.

Dr. Raven Elected Fellow of
American Academy of Arts
and Sciences

Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director, has been
elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts
and Sciences, a national honorary society founded in
1780 by John Adams and other intellectual leaders of
the day.

Dr. Raven was among 108 leading scholars, scien-
tists, public figures and writers elected to fellowship
during the Academy’s 197th annual meeting in
Boston this month.

With offices in Boston, an active center on the
West Coast and a developing Midwestern organiza-
tion, the Academy carries on a program of study and
publication on major national and_ international
problems, requiring expertise in a wide range of disci-
plines. Academy membership currently includes
2,300 representatives from the mathematical,
physical and biological sciences, as well as law, admin-
istration, public affairs, theology, fine arts and the
humanities.

Dr. Raven, besides serving as Garden director, Is
Engelmann Professor of Botany at Washington
University and Adjunct Professor of Biology at St.
Louis University and the University of Missouri-St.
Louis. He is a member of the National Academy
of Sciences and is president-elect of the Society for
the Study of Evolution.

The Society for the Study of Evolution, with
some 2,000 members worldwide, publishes the inter-
national journal Evo/ution. \t is the chief internation-
al society for the study of the evolution of plants,
animals and microorganisms.

Mrs. Dwight Coul!tas, right, retiring
president of the Executive Board of the
Members of the Garden, receives an
engraved silver tray from Dr. Peter H.
Raven, Garden Director. The tray was
presented in the name of the Board of
Trustees, in recognition of Mrs. Coultas’
three years of service to the Members
organization.

Mrs. Dwight Coultas
Honored at Luncheon

Mrs. Dwight W. Coultas, retiring president of the
Executive Board of the Members of the Garden, was
honored during the recent annual luncheon meeting
of the Members organization in recognition of her
dedication to the Garden and her three years’ service
as president.

Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director, presented
Mrs. Coultas with an engraved silver tray on behalf of
the Garden Board of Trustees. From the Members
Executive Board, Mrs. Coultas received a silver-and-
gold charm depicting the Garden's distinctive logo-
type.

Other retiring members of the executive board,
who have contributed greatly to the success of
Members organization activities, include Mrs. Sudie
Baker, Mrs. Philip Dodge, Mrs. Charles Freeman, Mrs.
George Hasegawa, Mrs. Boardman Jones, Mrs. William
Klein, Mrs. Eugene Pettus, Jr., and Mrs. Peter H.
Raven.

The board’s new officers include Mrs. Walter G.
Stern, who returns as board president after a previous
term from 1969 to 1972: Mrs. J. Butler Bushyhead,
first vice president; Mrs. Robert Kittner, second vice
president; Mrs. C.F.P. Stueck, secretary; and Mrs.
Shadrach F. Morris, treasurer.

New Executive Board Members include Mrs.
Theodore P. Desloge, Mrs. Frederick A. Hermann, Jr.,
Mrs. Charles G. Houghton, Jr., Mrs. O. Alexander
Kerckhoff, Jr., Mrs. Robert E. Kresko, Mrs. Willard L.
Levy, Mrs. John S. Lionberger, Jr., Mrs. Howard M.
Love, Mrs. Carl B. Merollis, Mrs. Charles W. Oertli,
Mrs. Eugene M. Reese and Mrs. Don L. Wolfsberger.

Educational Papers Presented

Project Managers of the Environmental Education
Training Project, a cooperative program between the
St. Louis Public Schools and the Garden, recently
presented papers at two professional meetings.

Calla Smorodin (Ecological Services) and Peggy
Rustige (St. Louis Public Schools) presented a paper
entitled, Classrooms and Community: A Model for
Inservice Training of Urban Teachers in Environ-
mental Education, at the annual meeting of the
National Association for Environmental Education,
April 24-26 in Boulder, Colorado.

Later they made a presentation at the annual
meeting of the Missouri Academy of Science, which
was held jointly with the Illinois Academy of Science
at the University of Missouri-St. Louis.

The Environmental Education Training Project is
supported by a federal grant from the Office of Envi-
ronmental Education to the St. Louis Public Schools.
The project co-directors have been Edward P. Ortleb,
Science Supervisor, St. Louis Public Schools: and Dr.
William M. Klein, the Garden’s Assistant Director.

Garden-Gallery Program Offered

Garden lovers have been invited to take part in a
Japanese art and culture presentation, co-sponsored
by the Garden’s Education Department and the St.
Louis Art Museum, scheduled to begin at 10 a.m. Sat-
urday, July 9. The program will begin with a slide
presentation in the John S. Lehmann Building and will
include a tour of the Japanese Garden, a workshop in
which participants will build a mini-rock garden and a
visit to the Art Museum. Participants are expected to
provide their own transportation. There is no fee for
Garden Members. Reservations can be made by call-
ing the Education Department at 772-7600.

at A
Mt

May 22 was Super
Sunday at the
Garden Shop, where
a sidewalk sale
featuring half-priced
items attracted a
large crowd to the
Garden.

12

Henry M. Grich
Named Trustee

Henry M. Grich

Henry M. Grich, acting president of the St. Louis
Board of Education and director of Construction
Documents Services for Bank Building Corp., has
been named an ex-officio member of the Missouri
Botanical Garden Board of Trustees.

A native St. Louis, Mr. Grich has been employed
by Bank Building Corporation for the past 16 years
and has 24 years’ experience in architecture, drafting
and related fields. He has been active in parent groups
and is past president of the Roosevelt District Parent
Congress.

Currently, Mr. Grich serves on a task force which
studies special problems for the St. Louis School
superintendent.

Mr. Grich has been active in the Boy Scouts pro-
gram, having served as assistant cubmaster and assist-
ant scoutmaster. Mr. Grich is married and is the
father of eight children.

eee .

Gardening in St. Louis

GARDENING IN JULY

The new 1978 rose catalogs are now beginning to
arrive in earnest, and it is rather interesting to see
some of the newer varieties that are available. Two
new award winners for 1978 are Charisma, a
floribunda, flame red with golden yellow buds; and
Color Magic, a hybrid tea, creamy apricot with pink
buds that shade from ivory pink centers to deep rose
réd on the petal edges. Both of these roses may be
observed in bloom now in the Rose Garden located in
front of the Camellia House. These two roses will not
be available from growers until the Spring of 1978,
but are two that have grown very well here in the test
garden for two years and in the Rose Garden this
year.

Along with these can be seen a number of the
newer hybrids that do so well here in St. Louis.

Roses need to be given a good watering every two
weeks and a feeding of liquid fertilizer should be
carried out immediately — if it has not been done
within the last three or four weeks — and repeated
again in early August to make up for the extra
amount of water that is going into the ground at this
time of year.

FUNGUS CONTROL

Continue to spray for the control of fungus and
bacterial leaf spot. If this continues to be a problem,
Acti-dione will be instrumental in bringing this under
control provided it is sprayed thoroughly underneath
the leaves and then on top.

Ground conditions continue to be very dry. After
the past year of drought, unless heavy watering is
carried out, many trees will suffer even more this
coming winter. Heavy waterings are recommended at
regular intervals. For large trees, it is advisable to let
the hose run continuously for several hours to
penetrate deep or to use the Ross root feeders to get
the water down to the root system. Also, tree feeding
can be done provided it is done early this month. The
Jobe Tree Spikes are excellent and are easy to apply
according to the instructions.

It is important that all plants receive a good heavy
mulch to control ground moisture conditions and to
prevent heavy frost from entering the ground during
winter months.

SPRING BULBS

Bulb catalogs for spring bulbs have now come out
and this is a good month to get your order in for
tulips, daffodils, hyacinths and other fall bulbs that
should be planted during the months of September
and October. Orders placed now ensure arrival in
plenty of time to get the ground prepared and the
bulbs in at the proper planting time.

Poison Ivy, which may be growing in shrubs or

other plant material, can be easily controlled by using
2-4-D with silvex. This should be mixed in a small
plastic bucket and applied just to the leaves with a
paint brush, making sure it does not get on any other
plant parts. This will be absorbed. through the tips of
the poison ivy down into the roots and effectively
bring it under control without having to revert to
heavy digging.

Phlox will need to be sprayed heavily with fun-
gicide or sulphur to keep the mildew under control.
Flower heads should be removed once flowering is
over to prevent seeding which often causes the plants
to appear to revert back to poor colors.

Azaleas, rhododendruns and hollies can benefit
from a feeding early this month with iron chelate and
cottonseed meal or blood meal to get them back into
good color before fall arrives. The use of Epsom salts
along with the iron chelate will help to assimilate
iron much faster through the plants and will assure
that the plants will ripen off and mature better in the
fall.

PRUNING

Pruning of trees can be done this month with the
removal of soft growth or weak growth or the remov-
al of branches which are rubbing against one another.
The main purpose of pruning is to open up the center
of the plant to allow for better air and light circula-
tion. Cuts over % inch should be given a good
application of tree paint to prevent rot from setting
in.

Avoid pruning of spring flowering shrubs now
because buds are set and pruning would mean less
flowering next spring. Heading back of long loose
branches is all that is required at this time of year on
these plants.

—Robert J. Dingwall
Chief Horticulturist

Garden
on the Air

The life of Henry Shaw, founder of the Missouri
Botanical Garden, will be the subject of the Garden's
monthly radio program on KSD July 3.

The programs are broadcast the first Sunday of
every month at 10 p.m., hosted by Robert Dingwall,
chief horticulturist at the Garden.

For the July 3 program, James Reed, Garden chief
librarian, will be interviewed about Henry Shaw. A
specialist on Shaw, Mr. Reed is now writing a biog-
graphy of St. Louis’ best-known philanthropist and
Garden benefactor. The interview, which will last for
about 25 minutes, is timely because of Shaw’s birth-
day, July 24.

13

Members of the Henry
Shaw Cactus Society
prepare cactus plants
for the annual cactus

show, scheduled for
August 27 through
September 5 in the
Floral Display House.
The organization
sponsors the largest
annual cactus show in
the Midwest.

NEA Grant Supports
Post-Doctoral Education

The Garden has received a one-year grant of
$21,000 from the National Endowment for the Arts,
to support two post-doctoral positions in the Botany
Department for on-the-job-training in herbarium
management. The reason for such a training program
at the post-doctoral level is that most graduate
schools overlook this important aspect of the profes-
sional taxonomist’s duties: how to acquire and care
for herbarium collections and how to make them
available to other botanists for study.

The botanists, who arrive this month to spend a
year at the Garden, are Dr. Michael O. Dillon and Dr.
Peter S. White. Dr. Dillon, originally from Kansas
City, received his Ph.D. degree from the University of
Texas at Austin. He has travelled extensively in
Mexico and South America and his research interests
are in the biosystematics of the Asteraceae, the sun-
flower family.

Dr. White has graduated from Dartmouth College,
where he studied upland forest vegetation in New
Hampshire. He has also had tropical experience in
Costa Rica and Panama, although his main interests
have been in the flora of the Northeast.

14

co 4
A ee

a
es

MEMBERSHIPS — MAY 1977

HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES

Mr./Mrs. Howard F. Baer
Mr./Mrs, Joseph H. Bascom
Mr./Mrs. Watson K. Blair

Mrs. Irene C. Jones

Mrs. John S. Lehmann
Mr./Mrs, James S. McDonnell, Jr.
Mrs, Florence T. Morris

Mr. Spencer T. Olin

Mr./Mrs. W. R. Orthwein, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Frederic M. Robinson
Mrs. Gladney Ross

Mr./Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly
Mr./Mrs. Warren M. Shapleigh
Mr./Mrs. Sydney Shoenberg, Jr.
Mrs. Tom K, Smith, Sr.
Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr.
Mr./Mrs, C. C, Johnson Spink
Mrs. Hermann F. Spoehrer
Miss Harriet J. Tatman

Mrs. Ben H. Wells

DIRECTOR’S ASSOCIATES

Mr./Mrs. Alexander M. Bakewell
Mr. Clarence C. Barksdale

Mr. E. G. Cherbonnier

Mr./Mrs. August H, Hummert II!
Mr./Mrs. Eldridge Lovelace
Mr./Mrs. A, Timon Primm, tI
Mr./Mrs. Roland Quest

Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Ridgway
Mr. Roy L. Tarter

Miss Harriet Tatman

Mr./Mrs. Harold E. Thayer

NEW MEMBERSHIPS
SPONSORING

Tower Grove Bank & Trust Co.

SUSTAINING

Dr. & Mrs. R. R. Carson
Mr. & Mrs. John T. Ruester

CONTRIBUTING

Mr. Robert E. Gammon

Mr. & Mrs. Hugh S. Hauck
Mrs. Sue Hess

Dr. & Mrs. Fraz E. Hornung
Intertherm Inc,

Mr. & Mrs. Ronald O. Krieger
Mr. & Mrs, J. Bruce McBrayer
Mr. & Mrs. John E. McCue
Mr. Rex H. Rocine

Mr. & Mrs, Carl A. Snarrenberg
Mr. & Mrs. Maw Shiu Wang

NEW MEMBERSHIPS

Ms. Jane E. Abernathy

Mr. & Mrs. Howard Adams
Mr. & Mrs. Truman Addington
Mr. Donald M, Albers

Mr. & Mrs. Knox Adler

Dr. & Mrs, Neil S. Alex

Mr. & Mrs. James G., Alfring
Mr. & Mrs, Cecil G. Allen

Ms. Faye Anastasoff

Dr. & Mrs. Charles B. Anderson
Miss Lenore J. Anderson

Mr. & Mrs. Edwin E. Antle
Mr. & Mrs. John Asher

Mr. & Mrs. Thomas J. Austin
Mr. Roger D. Bach

Mr. & Mrs. Grady Balthrop
Ms. Jeanne F, Baltz

Mr. & Mrs. Hugh F. Barnett
CDR & Mrs. R. W. Bartels

Mr. & Mrs. W. A. Beach

Mr. & Mrs. E. Eugene Beatty
Esther J. Beckham

Mr. & Mrs. John Beckmeyer
Mrs, Joseph E. Beil

Mr. & Mrs. Robert J. Bellville
Mr. & Mrs. Kal Bender

Mr. Charles E. Berger

Mr, & Mrs. Valentin C. Berger
Dr. & Mrs. David Berwald

Ms. Mary Bierschenk

Mr. & Mrs. G. N. Bishop

Mr. & Mrs. Charles B. Blackmar
Mrs. F. D. Blasko

Mr. & Mrs. William G, Bliler
Mr. & Mrs. Ronald A. Boelloeni
Dr. & Mrs. Arthur R. Bortnick
Mr. & Mrs. Werner Bouwhuis
Mrs. John C. Boyd

Mr. & Mrs. William E, Bramsch, Sr.
Ms. Janet Brault

Mr. & Mrs. Ernest Brauner
Miss Clarice K. Breiding

Mr. & Mrs. Raymond A. Bruntrager
Miss Particia J. Bubash

Ms. Andrea Bull

Mr. & Mrs. Dwane Busse

Mr. R. John Butler

Miss Hazel K. Cahill

Dr. & Mrs. Sol F. Cantor

Mr. & Mrs. Alvin Cattalini

Ms. Chery! Cavallo

Mr. & Mrs. Stan Chambers

Mr. & Mrs. Ted Chyn

Mr. & Mrs. Richard Claybour
Mr. & Mrs. Julius Cohen

Mr. & Mrs. Ernest J. Cox

Mrs. Harry H. Crane

Mr. & Mrs. Robert E. Crawford
Mrs. Cecil R. Criger

Mr. & Mrs. Wayne K. Cross
Mr. & Mrs. Wayne Crosslin

Dr. & Mrs. Marcos G. Cruz

Mr. & Mrs. Paul A. Czysz

Mr. Charles L. Daily

Mr. & Mrs. James Daly

Mr. & Mrs. C. Peyton Daniel
Mr. Cliff Davenport

Mr. & Mrs. Raymond S. Davis, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. James E. DeBoer
Mr. & Mrs. James J. Denby
Ms. Gabriele A. P. DeWitt

Mr. & Mrs. Michael Dickman
Mr, & Mrs. Victor H. Dietz
Ms. Rosemarie C. Dockery

Mr. & Mrs. Donald L. Dohm
Mrs. Barrett J. Dolan

Mr. & Mrs. Robert E. DuBois
Mr. Clarence J. Ebert

Ms. Cynthia Eckelkamp

Mr. & Mrs. William F. Eckelkamp
Mrs. Lois Eckstein

Mr. & Mrs. Robert W. Eilers
Mr. & Mrs. John D. Eirten

Mr. & Mrs. Joseph H. Elbert
Mr. & Mrs. Jack C. Elliott

Mr. & Mrs. E. J. Englebert
Mrs. Dorothy W. Eppinger

Mr. & Mrs. Victor Feigenbaum
Mr. & Mrs. Richard Fernandez
Mrs. Jack Flynn

Miss Marjorie M. Flauaus

Mr. Robert B. Forbes

Ms. Margie Freeman

Mr. & Mrs. W. J. Freschi

Mrs. Mildred H. Friday

Mr. & Mrs. David P. Gast

Dr. & Mrs. Stephen J. Giddings
Mr. & Mrs. Wm. R. Gill

Mr. & Mrs. Dick Gima

Mr. & Mrs. Allyn F. Glaub
Miss Elfrieda Glauser

Mr. & Mrs. Lawrence Gmoser
Mr. Ralph A. Goetzman

Mr. & Mrs. Francis C. Gorman
Mrs. Gale Grantee

Dr. & Mrs. Walter Graul

Miss Diane Graves

Mr. & Mrs. R. C. Grayson

Mr. & Mrs. Thomas Green

Mr. & Mrs. Robert Greenstein
Mr. & Mrs. Oliver Griot

Mr. & Mrs, Carl L. Guempel
Mrs. Frank N. Gundlach

Mr. & Mrs. T. M. Hanley

Mr. & Mrs. Carl Harris

Mr. & Mrs. Ray D. Harrison

Dr. Bray O. Hawk

Miss Nanette Hegamin

Mr. & Mrs. Fred H. Heller

Mr. & Mrs. Jerome F. Hempe
Dr. & Mrs. Charles O. Hershey, II1
Mrs. Beverly J. Hicks

Ms. Julia J. Hindmarsh

Miss Ruth Anne Hines

Mr. Ronald S. Hirshberg

Mr. Michael Hoare

Mr. & Mrs, James O. Holton III
Mrs. Janet Hornkohl

Mr. & Mrs. Michael L. Hughes
Mr. Richard C. Huning

Mr. & Mrs. Kenneth H. Hunt
Miss Jane R. Hutchinson

Mr. & Mrs. James B. Hyde

Mr. & Mrs. Shigemasa Ikeda

Mr. & Mrs. V. R. Jacknewitz
Mr. & Mrs. Donald P. James

Mr. & Mrs. Stancel S. James

Mr. Thomas H., Jing

Mrs. Don Johnston

Mr. & Mrs. Robert E. Jones

Mr. Bruce T. Kaemmerlen

Mr. & Mrs. Theodore A. Kaminski
Mrs. Violet Keck

Mr. & Mrs. Kenneth Keeton
Mrs. Josephine Keiser

Mr. & Mrs. David Keller

Mr. & Mrs. Carlisle D. Kinyon
Mr. John A. Klobasa

Mr. & Mrs. Fred F. Koch

Mr. & Mrs. F. Stanley Koenig
Mr. William R. Kohn

Ms. Paulene Komnenich

Mr. & Mrs. John Koprowski

Dr. & Mrs. Lawrence M. Kotner, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. Lawrence B. Krofl
Mr. & Mrs. Walter B. Kromm
Mrs. Carl Kuettel

Mrs. Paul E. Lacy

Mr. & Mrs. James H. Lammering
Dr. & Mrs. Robert Lander

Miss Nadine Langeneckert

Mr. & Mrs. E. A. Latta

Mr. & Mrs. Edmund Lawrence
Ms. Barbara Lewis

Mrs. Harry E. Lieberman

Mr. & Mrs. John S. Lionberger, Jr.
Mr. John R. Longmire

Mr. Joseph Lucido

Mrs. Alice A. Lucz

Dr. & Mrs. Carl A. Lyss

Dr. & Mrs. T. C. MacCaughelty
Ms. Helen Mackey

Mr. & Mrs. Laurence R. McAneny
Mr. & Mrs. Michael |. McCarty
Mr. & Mrs. H. Winston McClure
Mr. & Mrs. James L. McCutchen
Mr. & Mrs. Van McElwee

Mr. & Mrs. Terrence R. McGrath
Miss Trish McNeal

Miss Sally Mahan

Mr. & Mrs. Roy Mathiesen

Ms. Rosmarie Matsuda

Mr. & Mrs. Allan Merritt

Mr. & Mrs. James E. Middlekau ff
Miss C. Mihelyi

Mrs. Mildred Mitchell

Dr. & Mrs. Richard H. Mitchell
Mr. & Mrs. John F. Montle

Mr. & Mrs. John J. Moore

Mrs. Richard |. Moore

Mr. & Mrs. Jack E. Morris

Mrs. Lucille Morrison

Ms. Judith Morton

Mr. James Murphy

Mr. Edwin C. Myers

Mr. & Mrs. Wm. L. Nussbaum
Mr. & Mrs. William E. Odell

Mr. & Mrs. David M. Olson

Mrs. R. W. Olson

Mrs. Jane F. Orling

C. Marie Orms

Mrs. L. J. Outman

Mr. & Mrs. J. M. Palecek

Mr. & Mrs. James A. Patterson
Mr. & Mrs. Charles M. Peltason
Mr. Kim Patrick Pepple

Mr. & Mrs. Lawrence T. Pfisterer
Ms. Florence Phelps

Mr. & Mrs. Joseph W. Pierre
Dr. & Mrs. Lawrence A. Pilla
Mrs. Lynne M. Poley

Mr. & Mrs. Howard Porter

Mr. & Mrs. Wm J. Power

Mr. Ron Rau

Mrs. Judi Redman

Mr. & Mrs. Ray A. Reese

Mr. & Mrs. Gregory M. Reinhart, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. Daniel Reiter

Mr. & Mrs. Charles V. Renshaw
Mrs. Gus Riesmeyer

Mrs. Rosemary Rigden

Lucille W. Briston

Col. & Mrs. Edward S. Robbins
Mr. & Mrs. Edward D. Rober
Mr. & Mrs. Paul M, Roberts
Ms. Lorraine L. Robertson

Mr. & Mrs. Charles J. Robinson
Mrs. Veda Robinson

Mrs. Susan Rockwell

Mr. Paul D. Roman

Mr. Tim E. Rose

Mr. & Mrs. Robert E. Rosenthal
Dr. & Mrs. Kenneth Rotskoff
Mr. & Mrs. Philip S. Roush

Dr. & Mrs. Mark F. Rudinsky
Ms. Lilyan S. Sadlon

Dr. & Mrs. James Sagner

Dr. Nitai C. Saha

Mr. & Mrs. Ben O. Sanders

Mr. & Mrs. Lawrence E. Sayre
Mr. & Mrs. Lawrence J. Sayre
Mrs. Pearl C. Scherpe

Mr. & Mrs. Robert Schmalzle
Mr. & Mrs. Richard A. Schweitzer
Miss Helen L. Shmitt

Ms. Aleene K. Schneider

Mr. & Mrs. Martin E. Schriewer
Mr. & Mrs. Ronald J. Schwarz
S. M. Scott

Mrs. Sherman S. Senne

Ms. Alice B. Sewall

Mr. & Mrs. Melvin L. Shaul

Mr. David L. Sheary

Clara A. Shelly

Mr. & Mrs. James W. Sherby
Mrs. Maria Sherk

Mr. & Mrs. David C. Shindeldecker
Mr. & Mrs. Bradford Shinkle, Jr.
Mr. & Mrs. David S. Sieboda
Mr. & Mrs. Joseph L. Simpson
Mr. Daniel E. Singer

Mr. & Mrs. Morton Singer

Mr. & Mrs. William Sitzer

Mr. & Mrs. Lemoine Skinner, Jr.
Mr. Laurence Skull

Miss Catherine Smith

Mr. & Mrs. Robert D. Smith
Mr. & Mrs. Ronald L. Sobanek
Mr. & Mrs. R. Sonnenschein
Mr. & Mrs. Victor E. Sparling
Mr. & Mrs. Wm. J. Stadtlander
Mr. & Mrs. Paul Stafford

Mr. & Mrs. Leland E. Stalker
Ms. Helen Stanfield

Mr. & Mrs. James M. Startzell
Mr. & Mrs. Donald R. Steffan
Mr. & Mrs. William D. Stiehl
Dr. A. J. Steiner

Mrs. Betty Strunk

Mr. & Mrs. Joseph Suda

Mr. & Mrs. John R. Sutter

Mr. John H. K. Sweet

Member of

Mrs. Clara Szabados

Dr. & Mrs. Richard S. Taylor
Ms. Elise D. Tegtmeyer

Mr. Harold W. Thiele

Ms. Carol D. Teig

Mrs. Anne Tissi

Mr. & Mrs. Daniel S. Todd
Mr. & Mrs. Robert L. Treiber
Dr. & Mrs. Denis H. Tyras
Ms. Susan Urban

Mr. & Mrs. John Vandaveer
Mr. Claude R. Vander Veer
Mrs. Benjamin M. Vogel

Mr. & Mrs. Wm. S. Wagener I]
Ms. Sylvia Waites

Mr. & Mrs. James C. Walker
Mr. & Mrs. Wilber B. Wallis
Mr. & Mrs. Michael C. Walther
Mr. G. F. Warren

Mr. & Mrs. Lloyd V. Watkins
Mrs. Mary A. Wegman

Mr. Michael Weir

Mr. & Mrs. W. L. Weiss

Mr. Gary C. Werths

Mr. & Mrs. Hugh F. White
Mr. & Mrs. William M. White
Mr. & Mrs. S. Randolph Whitelaw
Mr. & Mrs. Gerald Wille

Mr. & Mrs. David Willard

Mr. & Mrs. Vincent J. Windle
Mr. & Mrs. William Winfrey
Miss Amy Wismar

Mrs. Mona Witte

Mr. & Mrs. John E. Wolf

Mr. & Mrs. E. Alan Wood
Dr. & Mrs. Richard W. Yore

INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIP

SPONSORING

Miss Sadye G. Edison
Mr./Mrs. George K. Hasegawa
Ravarion & Freschi, Inc.

SUSTAINING

Mr./Mrs. Arthur S. Bland, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Laurence L. Browning
Mr./Mrs. John G. Burton

Mr. James T. Connor

Mrs. John E. Curby

Mr./Mrs. Marvin Goldstein
Dr./Mrs. Hartmut Kannegiesser
Mr./Mrs. D. R. Niederlander
Mr./Mrs. Wm. O'Herin

Mr. Benjamin Roth

Ms. Marilyn D. Strode

CONTRIBUTING

Mr. & Mrs. Robert Bard

Dr. & Mrs. Harry |. Berland
Dr. & Mrs. V. R. Bleisch

Mr. & Mrs. W. W. Blood, III
Dr. H. T. Blumenthal

Miss Isabelle Bohman

Mr. & Mrs. John E. Burrows
Mrs. E. L. Dreinhofer

Mrs. Leonard Duerbeck

Mr. & Mrs. Paul Embree

Dr. & Mrs. Louis Fernandez
Mrs. Ralph E. Geer

Mr. & Mrs. Joe E. Haberle
Mr. & Mrs. H. D. Hagen

Ms. Jean C. Hamilton

Dr. F. Scott Hendrickson
Miss Dorothy P. Hennicke
Dr. & Mrs. H. Frank Holman
Mrs. Phoenix B. Jablonsky
Mr. & Mrs. George Kassabaum
Mrs. Walther C. Kawelaske
Mr. & Mrs. Clark Kirkpatrick
Mrs. Robert H. Kittner

The Arts and Education
Fund of Greater St.Louis

16

Dr. & Mrs. Saul J. Klein Ms. Julia A. Piper Mr. Raymond J. Siebert
Miss Barbara J. Klorer Dr. & Mrs. Perry G. Rawson Mrs. Charles Simmons
Mrs. Roger A. Leonhardt Mr. & Mrs. Franklin P, Rogers Mrs. Ruth A. Sinnett
Mr. Lewis A. McDonald Mr. & Mrs. G. S. Rosborough Dr. & Mrs, C. R. Stephen

Mrs. Harry Melton
Mr. & Mrs. Harry A. Niewoehner

Dr. & Mrs. Elmer P. Schluer
Mrs. Edward J. Schnuck

Mrs. Lydia M. Stoeher

Mr. & Mrs. Charles E. Sweeney

Mr. & Mrs. Herbert A. Tyson
Mr. Mrs, John S. Vickroy
Mr. Robert E. Wentz

Mrs. P, J. Werber

Mr. & Mrs. Sander B. Zwick
Mr. & Mrs. Neal S. Wood

MAY TRIBUTES

In Honor of Mr. Howard Baer’s Birthday
Mrs. Benjamin Loeb

In Honor of Mr. Alvin D. Goldstein's Birthday
Mr./Mrs, Ellis C. Littmann

In Honor of Mr. & Mrs. William J. Hedley’s
50th Anniversary

Erv and Toni Breihan

Mr./Mrs. Arthur H, Fischer

Mr./Mrs. George K. Hasegawa

Ann and Peter Husch

Mary Virginia Ruth

Mrs. Dudley Smith

Dr./Mrs. Richard A. Sutter

In Honor of Mrs. Ruth Landon — 39 years of teaching

Marie, Tom and Jeffery Cook

In Honor of Peggy and Gary's marriage
The Berg Family

In Honor of Dr. Peter H. Raven on his election
to the National Academy of Sciences
Mr./Mrs. Alexander M. Bakewell

In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Ruwitch’s
40th Anniversary

Mrs. J. A. Jacobs

Mrs. Ralph Lowenstein

Helen and Albert Stix

In Honor of the Tribute Fund
St. Louis Hills Estate Garden Club

In Memory of Miss Erna Arndt
Margaret Graebner

In Memory of Mrs. Charles E. Bascom
Mr./Mrs. Albert G. Blanke, Jr.

W. Van B. King

Dr./Mrs, Peter H, Raven

St. Louis Herb Society

In Memory of Mrs. James L. Benepe on Mother's Day
William Costen

In Memory of Mr. Herman Bowmar
Mrs. Herman Bowmar
Mr./Mrs, B, O. Burkitt

In Memory of Mrs, Ellen Brashear’s daughter, Lee
Mr./Mrs. Irvin Bettman, Jr.

in Memory of Mr. Corbett
Mr./Mrs. Perry A. Hanson

In Memory of Mrs. F. Baker DeCamp
Mr, J. S. Oesh

In Memory of Arcie Engleman
Miss Beatrice Thake
Mrs. Elizabeth Thake

In Memory of Mr. Dudley French
Mrs. Edmund H. Keiler

In Memory of Murray J. Getter
Mrs. Ralph F. Piper

In Memory of Mr. Marvin Harris
Forsythia Garden Club

In Memory of James P. Hickok
Mrs. Martin J. Mullally

Mrs. Lloyd C. Stark

Mr./Mrs. C. Powell Whitehead

In Memory of Mrs. H. Terrence Kurrus
Mrs. Jean-Jacques Carnal

Mr./Mrs. Sam‘!| C. Davis

The Garden Club of St. Louis

Eleanor and Henry Hitchcock
Mr./Mrs. Robert B. Smith

Mr./Mrs. C. Powell Whitehead

In Memory of Alice Fitch Lerner
J. L. McLean

In Memory of Mrs. Marjorie Levis
Edwin R. Waldemer

In Memory of her parents — a tribute to the
Orchid Fund

Carol Littmann

In Memory of Anna May Maginn
Mrs. Herch Conwell
Miss Carill Gill

In Memory of Mr. Carroll S. Mastin
Mr./Mrs. Bert Lynch
Adelaide and Dan Schlafly

In Memory of Rosalee Nevins
Mr./Mrs. John M, Raster

In Memory of Mrs. Cleveland Newton
Mrs. Frank Adam

In Memory of Mrs. Zilpha Nowak
Emily and Helen Novak

In Memory of Lucille Ondr
Lucy and Fred Hoefel

In Memory of Martha Ploeger
Betty and Bob Middleton

In Memory of Mrs. J. Gilbert Princell
Carol and Quintus Drennan
Elizabeth Golterman

Mrs. Elinor Hayward

Mr./Mrs. Kenneth P. Knust

St. Louis Herb Society

In Memory of Mrs. Marian Putnam
Ruth L. Donnell

In Memory of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Reitz
Alma K. Reitz

In Memory of Miss Nora G. Scannell
Gerald R. Diehl

In Memory of Ronald Schuettenberg
Mrs. Edwina Medlock

In Memory of Steven Britt Summers
Mr./Mrs. Clyde Carter

In Memory of Edward H. Tienken
Jean G. Brumback

In Memory of Mr. and Mrs. Frank E. Timken
Lois M. Timken

In Memory of Nan Finn Underwood
Walter and Mary Jo Klosterman

In Memory of Mahlon B. Wallace, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Theodore P. Desloge

In Memory of Mrs. Dorothy Weber
Mr./Mrs, Harold Koelkebeck

In Memory of Jacob Wenger
Mr./Mrs. D. Goodrich Gamble

In Memory of Mrs. Rose Wilson
Elizabeth Halpin

In Memory of Mrs. Matilda Wolf
Emily and Helen Novak

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

2345 Tower Grove Avenue
Saint Louis, Missouri 63110

SECOND CLASS
POSTAGE

PAID
AT ST. LOUIS, MO.

Missouri
Botanical

Garden
Bulletin

Carp Contribute Big Splash to Japanese Garden

The truck looked like a circus vehicle with its
colorful red and white letters and paintings of fish.
And its passengers looked like any other group of
arriving tourists, pressing their noses to the glass
windows of their compartments.

But the passengers were fish, not people, and the
truck belonged to the Lambrich Bros. Live Fish Co.,
Imperial, Mo., driven by owner Gene Lambrich. ‘‘The
passengers enjoyed a comfortable, cool ride,”’ said Mr.
Lambrich.

To the truck was hitched a flatbed trailer loaded
with 18 fishtanks carrying approximately 300 fish —
almost 4000 pounds of ordinary and German carp.
The truck arrived at the Garden on Sunday, June 12,
from Oshkosh, Wis., and discharged its lively passen-

hat hs OTe
a wee

ger load into the 4%-acre lake in the new Japanese
Garden, Seiwa-En.

The carp, each tipping the scales at about 15
pounds, traveled for 20 hours in freshwater tanks
from Lake Butemorts, their breeding place near
Oshkosh.

Why did the carp come to the Japanese Garden?
Not because the Garden is planning to allow fishing in
the quiet waters of its newest outdoor spectacle.

“Carp like to eat weeds and algae,’”’ said John
Elsley, curator of hardy plants at the Garden. ‘’This
will help to keep the new lake healthy.”

The recommendation to stock the lake with carp
came from Ken Perry, an authority on lake manage-
ment at the Missouri Department of Conservation.

The first of some
300 carp splash
their way into the
Japanese Garden
lake. The fish will
help control weeds
and algae and were
obtained follow-
ing a recommenda-
tion by Ken Perry
of the Missouri De-
partment of Con-
servation.

Volume LXV Number 8
August 1977

Dr. Croat, Lab on Wheels Explore Central America

The March issue of the Bu//etin contained an
article about the research activities of Dr. Thomas
Croat of the Garden’s Botany Department. Dr. Croat
is involved in an intensive study of the genus
Anthurium of the aroid family (Araceae) as
represented in Central America and Mexico. That
article mentioned that he was preparing for additional
field work in these areas. Now the Garden has
received a grant from the National Geographic
Society to support his work this summer and in the
early fall, and Dr. Croat recently left St. Louis for
Central America.

The vehicle in which Dr. Croat is travelling is
probably unique in the world. To the casual observer
it appears to be no more than one of the thousands of
camper-equipped pick-up trucks which are so popular
these days. However, closer inspection shows that the
Croat truck is a mobile botanical laboratory. Included
in the truck’s equipment is a propane gas powered
plant dryer, which occupies a large area along the side
of the truck back. This dryer is constructed so it can
be run continuously, both while the truck is in mo-
tion and while stopped for the night. The dryer al-
lows Dr. Croat to process more than 100 plants per
day. Propane was chosen as the power source — it Is
readily available in Central America — and he carries a
100-pound cylinder of this fuel with him. The camper
is equipped with collapsible awnings on all four sides

to provide shelter from the torrential tropical rains or
sun. The area under these canopies is used for
processing the large numbers of Anthurium specimens
which Dr. Croat will be gathering each day in the
forests of Central America. Tree clipper poles are
stored on the sides of the camper, so that they may
be readily available for short stops to collect particu-
lar specimens.

The inside of the camper back is equipped with a
stove and refrigerator and large amounts of storage
space both for food and for dry plant specimens. At
the rate of more than 100 specimens a day, the inside
of the camper will be filled quickly with dried plants,
and these must be regularly packed and shipped back
to St. Louis for further processing. Live plants will
also be gathered and shipped, to St. Louis by air
freight for cultivation in the Garden’s greenhouses
and further study, particularly of flowering behavior.

Dr. Croat emphasizes that the vehicle was de-
signed to be as completely self-contained as possible,
so that he could visit remote areas of Central America
for long periods of time and not have to depend upon
drying facilities at various museums and universities.
Food and fuel supplies are available throughout
Central America as are the post offices from which he
will ship back his specimens. Thus, with his new
vehicle, he can concentrate his total efforts on his job
— collecting plants for his and other studies.

Dr. Thomas Croat, bound for Central America, demonstrates the capabilities of his botanical laboratory on wheels.

2

Dr. Klein Appointed Director of Morris Arboretum

Dr. William McKinley Klein, Jr., the Garden's
assistant director and one of its major assets, has been
appointed director of the Morris Arboretum of the
University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia.

He will leave the Garden — better than he found
it — on August 1.

In farewell remarks before the Garden Board of
Trustees, Dr. Klein summarized his feelings for the
institution he has served for nearly five years:

“The measure of greatness of an institution is not
its age and what it says it can do, but rather the
services it provides to the community. And | believe
the Missouri Botanical Garden serves the educational
needs of Missouri at a level which is setting the stand-
ards for cultural institutions in the state.

“The most exciting developments taking place at
a botanical garden anywhere in the world are today
taking place at the Missouri Botanical Garden... out
front and running well ahead of all other botanical
gardens. This vitality is reflected in the tremendous
physical improvements which have been made at the
Garden and the great expansion in public service to
the community.”

During his five-year tenure as assistant director,
Bill Klein has had a lot to do with keeping the Garden
“out front and running well ahead.’’

A native of Galveston, Texas, Dr. Klein earned his
bachelor’s and master’s degrees from Colorado State
University before taking his doctorate in 1964 from
the Claremont Graduate School and University
Center in Claremont, California. The topic of his
doctoral dissertation was a biosystematic study of
four species of evening primrose.

From 1961 to 1965, Dr. Klein served as an officer
in the U.S. Air Force, assigned to the Biological
Systems section of the School of Aerospace Medicine
at Brooks Air Force in Texas. His research activities
were concerned with studies of plants being tested as
components of life support systems for extended
missions in space.

From 1965 to 1972, Dr. Klein was assistant
professor, later associate professor in the Botany and
Plant Pathology Department of Colorado State
University. Also during this period, he served as co-
principal investigator for the Resource Inventory of
Colorado and co-principal investigator for a study of
the effects of disturbance on vegetation on Amchitka
Island in Alaska. Dr. Klein’s teaching and research
interests, in fact, have taken him to Afghanistan, the
Aleutian Islands, Indonesia, Mexico and England.

When named the Garden’s assistant director in
1972, Dr. Klein assessed the potential of his new
institution:

“| see unique opportunities in the areas of public
education and the promotion of basic botanical
interests. The Missouri Botanical Garden has a proud
tradition in both of these areas and, under the leader-

Dr. William M. Klein, outgoing assistant director of the Garden.

ship of Dr. (Peter H.) Raven and with the new
facilities, | feel the potentials have been greatly
extended. I’m looking forward to becoming a part of
that tradition.”

In his position as the Garden's assistant director,
Dr. Klein was quick to become part of the institu-
tion’s tradition of study and service. In the area of
education, he worked to expand the scope of Garden
programs and increase its level of service to the
community. Specifically, he sought successive grants
from the Cooperating Schoo! District, a not-for-profit
organization of county school districts, which helped
to make possible a broadening of the Garden's educa-
tional reach.

Additionally, a teacher training program was
implemented at the Garden under Dr. Klein’s guid-
ance, supported by a grant from the Office of
Environmental Education, U.S. Department of
Health, Education and Welfare. Through other grants,
Garden programs have become part of the curriculum
of the city’s Magnet Schools.

In 1975, Dr. Klein was named the first chairman
of the Garden’s new Ecological Services Department,
established to study and attempt to predict man’s
continuing impact on his environment. Even before
his appointment as the Garden's assistant director,
Dr. Klein’s interests had taken a strong turn toward
environmental concerns and the application of basic
botanical data to problems of land-use planning. His
leadership of this new department, therefore, was
destined to be more than productive — it eventually

(Continued on Page 4)
3

DR. KLEIN ACCEPTS NEW POSITION

(Continued from Page 3)

led to contracts with the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers, Union Electric Co., a state planning
agency, the East-West Gateway Coordinating Council
and the St. Louis Community Development Agency.

This response demonstrated ‘‘that the kinds of
services the Garden could provide are very much in
demand,” Dr. Klein said.

Also in demand has been another service that the
Garden will lose with Dr. Klein’s departure — the
work of his wife, Janet Klein. Mrs. Klein has worked
tirelessly over the years as a Garden volunteer, using
her unique talents to delicately illustrate botanical
specimens for the Garden’s herbarium and publica-
tions.

In his new position, Dr. Klein will direct the
operations of another highly respected botanical
institution. The Morris Arboretum, maintained by the
Morris Foundation and administered by the Universi-
ty of Pennsylvania, is a cultural, educational, research
and public service institution in botany, horticulture
and related plant sciences.

Its work began unofficially in 1887, when John
and Lydia Morris acquired a summer property in
Chestnut Hill, Pa. For a span of 45 years, the Morrises
lavished their wealth, attention and interest on the
property, transforming it into a charming and
aesthetic collection of trees and shrubs. It was late in
Lydia Morris’ life before the idea was formed to
bequeath the property for the enjoyment of future
generations.

The University of Pennsylvania assumed adminis-
tration of the Morris Arboretum in 1932, and set
about establishing a scientific as well as aesthetic
institution in the Philadelphia area. The result is a
mixture — an institution of botanical significance
which has retained the grace and beauty intended by
its founders.

Programs supported by the 175-acre Arboretum
are similar to those conducted by the Missouri
Botanical Garden — maintenance of a display of one
of the finest collections of trees and shrubs in the
nation, education for the community on all levels and
botanical research.

After he assumes the Morris Arboretum director-
ship, Dr. Klein, with his wife and four children, will
reside in the Chestnut Hill area. In his closing remarks
before the Board of Trustees, he praised the
accomplishments of the institution he was leaving:

‘| know that all of you take a great deal of pride
in what’s happened here over the last six years. And
well you should. It has been my great pleasure and
honor to have been associated with the Garden during
this very critical stage in its development.

“And let me wish you every success and say that |
stand ready to assist in any way | can to advance the
aims and objectives of Shaw’s Garden which will
always hold very special meaning for me.”

4

THE ASCENT OF MAN

“The Ascent of Man’’, Dr. Jacob Bronowski’s
highly acclaimed, 13-part exploration of the develop-
ment of man as seen through the history of science,
has been scheduled for a Garden showing.

The films will be shown on Wednesday from
September 7 to November 30, in the Lehmann
Building Auditorium. Produced by BBC-TV and
Time-Life Films, the series charts man’s progress from
the vantage point of the scientist-philosopher.

“Among the multitude of animals which scamper,
fly, burrow, and swim around us, man is the only one
who is not locked into his environment,’ says Dr.
Bronowski. ‘‘His imagination, his reason, his
emotional subtlety and toughness, make it possible
for him not to accept the environment, but to change
it. And that series of inventions, by which man from
age to age has remade his environment is a different
kind of evolution. | call that brilliant sequence of
peaks ‘the ascent of man.’ ”’

Tower Grove House on Tour

Tower Grove House, Henry Shaw’s_ restored
country home at the Garden, will be part of the “‘all
around town” tours of Historic Pilgrimage ‘77, a nine
-day series of historic tours sponsored by the Missouri
Historical Society and the Landmarks Association of
St. Louis, Inc.

Tower Grove House is the first stop of the series’
Tour No. 2, scheduled for Tuesday, September 27.

The tour, along with six others scheduled
between September 26 and October 2, will begin at
9:30 a.m. at the Missouri Historical Society at the
Jefferson Memorial in Forest Park. The cost for each
one-day tour is $15, which includes lunch, transporta-
tion by air-conditioned bus and all admission fees.

Reservations will close September 15. For further
information, contact Pilgrimage ‘77 in care of the
Missouri Historical Society.

Trivets, T-Shirts and Treasures

The souvenir-minded — collectors, travelers and
friends of the Garden — will find four new treasures
this summer in the Garden Gate Shop.

The special features are children’s and adult T-
shirts, illustrated with a graphic floral design in light
green on white fabric; ceramic mugs and trivets, also
with floral designs, and souvenir pens inscribed
‘‘Missouri Botanical Garden.”

The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN ts pub-

lished 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical
Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110.
Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year.
$6.00 foreign.

Telephone Pioneers
Pay Garden Call

For five active hours last spring, some 50 Tele-
phone Pioneers paid their annual call at the Garden to
plant, prune, weed, mulch and perform a wide variety
of other volunteer services.

‘This group has made an annual visit for the past
two years,’’ said Robert J. Dingwall, chief horticul-
turist, ‘‘and have contributed a tremendous number
of man-hours to the Garden’s maintenance program.
The work of this group is greatly appreciated.”’

<a 5
a a

Telephone pioneers of all ages volunteer their services to help maintain
the Rose Garden, top, and the English Woodland Garden.

This year’s work program, in the English Wood-
land Garden, consisted of weeding throughout the
beds and adding additional mulch to the paths. The
group also assisted in the Rose Garden — planting,
pruning and general maintenance work. Other proj-
ects were undertaken in the Japanese Garden and in
other Garden areas.

New
Development
Director

Kent A. Guske

Kent A. Guske, holder of a master’s degree in
education administration and an executive with wide
experience in developmental and_ fund-raising
activities, has been named to the new position of
director of development at the Garden, it was
announced by Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director.

Mr. Guske, a Michigan native who earned his
bachelor’s degree at Georgia Southern College and his
master’s at Georgia State University, assumed his new
duties in June. He will direct the organization and
administration of a wide variety of developmental
and fund-raising programs at the Garden.

In 1969, following a tour of duty with the Air
Force, Mr. Guske joined the United Way of Atlanta
and helped organize and implement a series of fund-
raising Campaigns which raised more than $10 million
annually between then and 1972. After taking his
master’s degree, he joined the United Way of Birming-
ham, Ala., in a similar capacity.

In 1976, Mr. Guske became director of the
Development Division of Historic New Harmony,
Inc., New Harmony Ind., a position he held until
accepting the developmental position at the Garden.
Historic New Harmony, Inc., is a not-for-profit
organization established by the State of Indiana to
recreate the cultural and educational heritage of New
Harmony and restore its historic area.

The New Harmony restoration project is
modelled after the Aspen Institute, which promotes
the arts and humanities, and Colonial Williamsburg,
Va., which preserves an earlier way of American life.

New Harmony, now a National Historic Land-
mark, was established in 1814 by German pioneers.
In 1825, English reformer Robert Owen founded a
cooperative community there based on mankind's
salvation through ‘‘rational” thinking, free education
and cooperation.

Owen returned to England in 1827, but his
associates stayed on to develop one of the most
notable pre-Civil War cultural centers in the nation. A
laboratory established there was headquarters for
what became the U.S. Geological Survey.

For his Air Force service, Mr. Guske received the
Air Medal, the Vietnamese Service Medal and the
National Defense Medal. In 1969, he was the
recipient of the Outstanding Young Man of America
Award.

Mr. Guske and his wife, Jolane, have three chil-
dren — Kurt, 12; Kevin 10; and Melissa, seven.

“Sense of Wonder” in Nature

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ani,
Mi
ff Vf je»
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hha j,

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A turtle and friends, young participants in the recent “Sense of
Wonder” nature program at the Shaw Arboretum.

One of the basic aims of Sense of Wonder, a
parent-child nature program held recently at the
Shaw Arboretum, is the building of family relation-
ships through shared outdoor experiences and activi-
ties. Parents and children who participate in this
popular nature program experience feelings and
understanding about the natural world and the place
of each person — adult and child — within it.

The program’s two week-long sessions were held
in June: one week for younger children, four to six
years old, and their parents; and a second week for
children aged seven to 10 and their parents.

GARDEN VISITORS: A. Timon Primm I11, right, a member of the
Garden Board of Trustees, welcomes St. Louis Mayor James F.
Conway and Mrs. Vivian Eveloff to the Japanese Garden. Mrs. Eveloff
served on the arrangements committee for “A Midsummer Night’s
Dream,” a cocktail reception held at the Garden in Mayor Conway's
honor.

Photographed before the Climatron are two 1977 Chryslers from Chrysler-Plymouth South, sponsors of the Garden ‘s recent annual Rose

Evening. On hand for the occasion was Maury Wichmann, general manager of the automobile dealership. Wayne Goode is the new president of
Chrysler-Plymouth South. The Alexander Calder sculpture, ‘Five Rudders,”’ is on loan from the Steinberg Gallery at Washington University

through October 31 in the main lily pool near the Garden’s Main Gate.

6

Environment on Display

An environmental quilt — reflecting the experi-
ences of children who spent a night at the Arboretum
— was part of a recent Garden display by students
whose teachers took part in the Environmental Edu-
cation Training Project during the past school year.

All fifth graders, the children drew what they saw
at the Arboretum on squares of fabric and painted
the designs with bright acryllics. The squares were
sewn together to form a quilt of colorful butterflies,
flowers, frogs, meadows, bugs, a turtle and other
remembrances of the Arboretum.

The quilt was only one item on display at the
information session of the Environmental Education
Training Project, a cooperative program between the
St. Louis Public Schools and the Missouri Botanical
Garden, funded by a grant from the U.S. Office of
Environmental Education to the St. Louis Public
Schools.

Project co-directors were Edward P. Ortleb,
Science Supervisor at the public schools, and William
M. Klein, Garden assistant director.

Other display items were a model of a cross-

section of a tree showing its circulation system; a
book of oral histories of neighborhood life based on
interviews of older community residents; photographs
of children acting out environmental plays, and many
posters, artwork and writings.

Also included were trophies and awards given by
the City of St. Louis to the children for community
service in helping to improve environmental quality.

The goal of the project is to develop a model for
training teachers of grades 4, 5, and 6 in a multi-
disciplinary, multi-process approach to environmental
education. After the training model has been tested,
evaluated, and refined, an Environmental Education
Training Guide will be written for use in the St. Louis
system, as well as other school systems, state educa-
tion departments, and institutions of higher learning
throughout the country.

During the school year 19 city teachers received
training which stressed important concepts of
environmental education and ways to teach these
concepts in all disciplines of the curriculum. Also,
teachers were trained to use community institutions
and other resources for meaningful learning experi-
ences for students.

Christmas Card Offer for Garden iembers

A Christmas card showing the new Japanese Gar-
den, in a breathtaking, full-color etching-screened
scene, is available to Garden Members in a special
offering prior to public sale this fall.

The one-fold Christmas card, inscribed on the in-
side with ‘‘Seasons Greetings’, is 8-1/8"' x 5%"’ and

The Japanese Garden, Christmas
card-style, etching-screened
from a color photograph

by Jack Zehrt.

come 25 to a box.

Until September 15, Members may purchase these
unique Christmas cards at $3.50 per box, ordering
them through the Garden Gate shop.

After September 15, the cards will go on sale to
the public at $4.50 per box of 25 cards.

Forest Park, Riverfront are Garden Study Topics

Supported by a $30,000 grant from the St. Louis
Community Development Agency (CDA), the
Garden’s Ecological Services Department is
conducting an open space study in Forest Park and
on the city’s northern riverfront.

The resulting inventory will provide the city’s
Park Department and the Port Authority with
environmental information on three of St. Louis’
Open spaces — the Kennedy Memorial Forest in
Forest Park, the eastern section of Forest Park and
four miles of the Mississippi River floodplain just
south of the city waterworks. Information on soils as
well as on vegetation is being collected. For next
year, an expanded project has been proposed which
would include a teacher training program on the use
of urban open spaces.

Richard H. Daley and Helen Sussmann Parker of
the Ecological Services Department are conducting
the study for the Garden. The department has
completed similar studies in the past several years. In
1974, a vegetation study was conducted of the
Mississippi and Illinois River floodplain beginning just
a few miles north of the city limits. A survey was
completed in 1976 of the plants in the new St. Joe
State Park, Flat River, Missouri. The experience
gained in these previous inventories is being applied in
this project to help plan the best possible use of our
urban resources.

Forest Park includes nearly 1300 acres and was

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.
YA

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The Kennedy Memorial
Forest in Forest Park,
one of the locations
under study by the
Garden’s Ecological
Services Department.

8

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the site of the 1904 World’s Fair. At that time, there
was a controversy about cutting the dense forests to
make room for the Fair, and now only a small native
forest tract remains in the park. This forest, called
Kennedy Memorial Forest, lies in the southwest
corner of the park bordered by Skinker and Highway
40 and is in striking contrast to the landscaped
remainder of the park. The Garden project includes
comparing the kinds of trees, the number of species,
and the vigor of the trees observed in the Kennedy
Forest with those in the landscaped area on the east-
ern end of the park across from the Barnes Hospital
complex.

These two areas of Forest Park also will be
compared to the vegetation along the Mississippi
River, south of the city’s waterworks. It might seem
that the trees in Forest Park and those along the
Mississippi River would be quite different, but flood-
plains are the natural habitat for many city trees.
Sycamore, elms, cottonwoods, pin oak, and silver
maple, for example, are all floodplain species and are
among the most commonly planted trees in the city.

The information collected will be presented in a
report with accompanying maps of vegetation and
other environmental variables at the study sites. The
information can then be used by CDA, the Depart-
ment of Parks, Recreation and Forestry, and the Port
Authority in planning these open spaces for their
most productive uses.

Gardening in St. Louis

With August the prime month for vacations, little
attention often is given to the garden this month.
However, a number of projects are necessary if the
garden is to remain in good condition; also, plans
should now be laid for what to do this fall.

Fall vegetable seeds should be ordered and
planted by the middle of this month. These include
many of the cool crops, such as cabbage, cauliflower,
broccoli, spinach, lettuce. Such plants, put in
between the middle and the end of August, will grow
very well with the cooler nights which come in early
September and they will mature in late fall when
other vegetables are beginning to dwindle. Many of
these will take severe cold and can be harvested right
through the end of the year. Cool crops which do not
do well here in St. Louis during the summer months
are ideal ones to plant the latter part of this month
for fall use.

ADDING FERT!LIZER

If possible, the garden should be reworked,
adding plenty of organic matter and a balanced ferti-
lizer just prior to planting. Vegetable seeds need to be
planted a little deeper than they were during the
spring, because of drier conditions. However, it is
important to see that they are kept adequately
watered until germination does occur. Biennials, such
as sweet william, hollyhocks and others, may be
planted this summer by sowing the seed directly in
the garden where they are to grow or starting them in
flats or cold frames, transplanting them by mid-
September to their permanent place for early bloom
next year.

Keep weeds under control and spray to control
mildew and black spot of roses. The last feeding of
liquid fertilizer for roses should go on by mid-August.
No feeding should be attempted after this, to allow
the plants to harden off at the proper time.

Dahlias need ample water now and should also
receive liquid fertilizer at least every two weeks,
keeping side shoots pinched off and disbudding the
side buds to leave one large bud for good bloom. Fall
feeding with liquid fertilizer for chrysanthemums will
also mean better flowering during the next month or
two, Late August is a good time to make geranium
cuttings. Take wood that is not too young (old wood
is too hard), cut long enough so that three leaf nodes
are below surface of soil and two above. Soil median
should be two parts peat moss, two parts sand, and
one part good soil, plus bone meal. After cutting, let
sit for several hours so callous can form. These plants
will root within four to six weeks, at which time they
can be potted into four inch pots and carried on for
indoor bloom during the winter months.

GREENHOUSE CLEANING

Home greenhouses should receive a thorough
clean-up this month. Spray adequately under the
benches as well as the benches themselves to control
any algae or insects. August is an excellent time to

spray to control slugs and sawbugs that may have
come in during the summer months. A clean green-
house this month will mean better success as the
greenhouse becomes more active from mid-September
on as you move your plants indoors.

Iris clumps may be divided now, cutting the tops
back to within three to six inches, discarding the
centers and using the outer rhizomes for planting
back in the garden. They should be thoroughly
dusted with a good fungicide, if necessary, and not
planted too deep. Keep them moderately moist until
new root systems are established and then mulch in
mid-September.

Plan this month for fall bulb planting starting in
September. New bulbs will be arriving the early part
of September and it is important you get your orders
in early to ensure good quality bulbs. Tulips,
daffodils, hyacinths and lilies all may be purchased in
September. Madonna lilies are an exception and
should be purchased this month or redivided, if not
done earlier.

SOD WEB WORM

Sod web worm, evidenced by small gray moths
flying up from the lawn or brown patches, should
now receive further treatment with the use of
Diazinon with Pyrethrum, a tablespoon of each to a
gallon of water, watering this in when the lawn is
adequately moist or followed with a good watering to
get it down into the soil two to three inches deep.
This will also need to be repeated in early September

to result in good control.
— Robert J. Dingwall
Chief Horticu/turist

Carolyn Ashford, left, director of the Missouri Department of Natural
Resources, presents check for $137,000 to C. C. Johnson Spink, Gar-
den trustee. The contribution, from the Federal Bureau of Outdoor
Recreation, will be used to acquire the property on which the Adlyne
Freund Education Center is being developed at the Shaw Arboretum.

Walter Stricker Retires

At 81 years of age and following 43 years of
service to the Garden, Walter Stricker has decided to
retire.

Again.

Mr. Stricker joined the Garden staff in 1934 as
part of the grounds crew at the Shaw Arboretum at
Gray Summit. He eventually assumed the duties of
firing the boilers to provide heat in the winter and
doing greenhouse maintenance work during the
summer months.

Shortly before his first retirement, he was trans-
ferred to the Garden to assist in the orchid ranges.
And after his retirement — in 1961 at the age of 65 —
he returned to those duties on a two-day-a-week
basis. Now Mr. Stricker has chosen to retire again and
tend his home garden of dahlias, gladiola, regal lilies
and roses.

Agave Exhibit Part of Cactus Show

Plants of the genus Agave from the Desert House
collection will be on special display during the up-
coming Henry Shaw Cactus Society Show, to be held
August 27 through September 5 in the Floral Display
House. The Henry Shaw Cactus Society, with more
than 200 members in 17 states and foreign countries,
was founded at the Garden in 1942 by the late
Ladislaus Cutak.

During the show, the Society’s 35th, entries in
111 classes will compete for a silver trophy. Junior
members, aged five to 15, will also compete. This
year, for the first time, a new class for photography
and painting has been added.

Mrs. Betty Demzik, vice president of the Society,
is show chairman.

MEMBERSHIPS — JUNE 1977

HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES

Mr./Mrs. Howard F. Baer
Mr./Mrs, Joseph H, Bascom
Mr./Mrs. Watson K. Blair

Mrs. Irene C, Jones

Mrs. John S. Lehmann
Mr./Mrs. James S. McDonnell, Jr.
Mrs. Florence T. Morris

Mr. Spencer T. Olin

Mr./Mrs, W. R, Orthwein, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Frederic M. Robinson
Mrs. Gladney Ross

Mr./Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly
Mr./Mrs. Warren M. Shapleigh
Mr./Mrs. Sydney Shoenberg, Jr.
Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Sr.
Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. C. C. Johnson Spink
Mrs, Hermann F, Spoehrer

Mrs. Ben H. Wells

DIRECTOR’S ASSOCIATES

Mr./Mrs. Alexander M, Bakewell
Mr. Clarence C, Barksdale

Mr. E. G. Cherbonnier

Mr./Mrs. August H. Hummert, III
Mr./Mrs. Eldridge Lovelace
Mr./Mrs. A. Timon Primm, III
Mr./Mrs. Roland Quest

Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Ridgway
Mr. Roy L. Tarter

Miss Harriet J. Tatman

Mr./Mrs. Harold E. Thayer

10

SUSTAINING

Mr./Mrs, Earl J. Anderson
Dr./Mrs. Joseph J. Babka
Mr./Mrs, C. H. Bowersox
Mr. Edward M. Cummins
Mr. Mervyn Goodman
Mr. R. H. Harper
Mr./Mrs, Hale Irwin

Miss Rosemary McKelvey
Mr. Wilford Zinsmeyer

CONTRIBUTING

Mr./Mrs. Edmund L. Braun
Mr./Mrs, Donald Candido
Concordia Publishing House
Mrs. Elizabeth R. Dodds
Mr./Mrs. Sam Fox

Mr./Mrs, P. W. Goode
Mr./Mrs. G. F. Heimburger
Ms. Carollyn R. Hellam
Mr./Mrs, Thomas E. Hicks
Mrs. Kermet B. Hill
Mr./Mrs. Carl B. Merollis
Mr./Mrs. A. L. Netter
Mr./Mrs, Richard Nieman
Ms. Genevieve P. O’Hara
Mr./Mrs, James E. Russell
Mrs. Clinton R. Schattgen
Mr./Mrs. Adam Schmidt
Mr./Mrs. Arthur B. Schneithorst

Shaughnessy-Kniep-Hawe Paper Co,

Dr. Albert C. Stutsman
Mr./Mrs. Ray E. Witter

REGULAR
Mrs. Joy F. Aach
Mr./Mrs. Lyle C. Abbott
Mr./Mrs, Richard G. Abell
Mr./Mrs. Jerry B. Abernathy
Mrs. Rochonne Abrams
Mr./Mrs. Steve Adams
Miss Betty Alexander
American Stamp & Marketing
Products, Inc.
Mr./Mrs. Lynden E. Anderson
Sylvia M. Apell
Mrs. Ellen M. Aubuchon
Mr./Mrs, Charles Bailey
Mr./Mrs. A, J. Bardol
Mr./Mrs. John F, Barker
Mr./Mrs. George Barnes, Jr.
Ms. Dona B. Barton
Mr./Mrs. Roger Bates
Dr./Mrs. Edward T, Becker
Mr./Mrs. Ronald A. Becker
Mr./Mrs. Milton R, Begis
Mr./Mrs. Stephen G. Beilsmith
Dr./Mrs, Clarence M. Benage
Beyers Lumber Company

Mr./Mrs. |. H. Breslauer
Mr./Mrs. J. Breyer, Jr.

Mr. Robert W. Broeg
Mr./Mrs. David L. Browman
Mr, Wiley G. Broughton, Jr.
Ms. Marian Brown

Mr./Mrs. Robert B. Brown, Jr.
Mr./Mrs, Alfred Buls

Mrs. Ruth Burgett

Ms. M. A. Burmeister

Miss Virginia E. Burmeister
Busy B's Garden Club

Mr. Francis H, Cabot

Mr./Mrs.

E. A. Capstick

Mr./Mrs. Ray Carmichael
Mr./Mrs, Joseph M. Carroll
Mr. Irving Cassel

Miss Muriel E. Cate
Mr./Mrs. Charles Cella
Miss Orsoline Chiappetta

Mr./Mrs.

Henry W. Clark

Mr. Timothy Sheahan

Mr./Mrs.
Mr./Mrs.
Mr./Mrs,

Richard W. Coles
Paul J. Costello
John J. Coughlin

Mr./Mrs. Matt Bird Mr./Mrs,. Craig W. Conway
Mr./Mrs. Ralph Birkenmeyer Mr./Mrs. Robert Cummings
Mr./Mrs. Joseph J. Birnstill Mr./Mrs. Ralph E. Dale
Mr./Mrs, Howard S. Bishop Mr./Mrs. Charles R. Davis
Dr./Mrs. H. B. Binnington Mr./Mrs. Randolph R. Davis

Mr. Robert Blackburn
Dr./Mrs. George M. Bohigian
Mr./Mrs. F. P. Boswell
Mr./Mrs. Clair Bourgeois
Mr./Mrs. George W. Bridges
Miss E. Annette Brink

Mrs. Frankie R. Dean
Mrs. A. J. Decker

Mr./Mrs.

H. K. Demey

Ms. K. Denst
Mr./Mrs. James G. DePriest
Mr./Mrs. Thomas M. DeRousse

Miss Bertha Deutsch

Ms. Fran Dilliard

Mr. Robert L. Dittrich
Dr./Mrs, Randall L. Doerman
Mr. Charles E. Dombek

Dr. Robert M. Donati

Mrs. Mildred Doussard
Mr./Mrs. Bruce Druckenmiller
Mr./Mrs, Harold W. Dubinsky
Col./Mrs. F. H. Duggins

Mr. Crawford W. Edwards, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Joseph O. Edwards
Miss Dorothy J. Eicks

Mr. Joseph W. Elmers
Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Emnett
Mr./Mrs. David L. Enersen
Mrs. L. E. Evans

Miss Sandra Falkenhein
Mr./Mrs. Fred F. Faller
Mr./Mrs. Harold B. Fishman
Mr./Mrs. Guy W. Fiske
Mr./Mrs. R. A. Fitzgerald

Mr. C. P. Fordyce

Mr./Mrs. A. P. Forsythe
Mr./Mrs. Thomas J. Fox
Mr./Mrs, Michael Franklin
Mrs. Esther J. Freeman

Mrs. Corinne L. Froemke
Mr./Mrs. Donald M. Gabris
Mr. William K. Gamble
Mr./Mrs. K. |. Gannon
Mr./Mrs. Ray A. Gerritzen
Mr./Mrs. Warner E. Glascock
Ms. Frances R. Goff

Mr./Mrs, Raymond Goldkamp
Mr./Mrs. Stanford B. Goldman
Mr./Mrs. Eugene R. Gonzebach
Mr./Mrs. Paul V. von Gontard
Mr. George Gottemoeller
Mr./Mrs. Goerge L. Govero
Mr./Mrs. Hugh M. Graham
Mr./Mrs. B, Everett Gray
Sister M. Anita Green, C.D.P.
Mr./Mrs. Lawrence H. Greenberg
Mr./Mrs, Jack Grey

Mrs. Horace F. Grimm

Mr. John L. Grigsby

Mrs. Dolly Gruenenfelder
Mrs. Madeleine Haas

Mr. Wm. H. Haggett

Mr. Dale Haller

Rev. James E. Hanson

Mrs. Richard Hardcastle
Mr./Mrs. Wm. E. Hartwell
Mr./Mrs. David A. Harvey
Ms. Patricia Hatchard

Mr. Martin Hauser

Mr./Mrs. James Hawk

Robt. H. and Conni Hazelwood
Mr./Mrs. Wm. G. Heckman
Mr./Mrs. Melvin Heller

Mrs. Claranne Henry

Mrs. George Henson
Mr./Mrs. Charles E. Heppe
Mr./Mrs, Marshall D. Hier
Mr./Mrs. Edw. F. Higgings
Mr./Mrs. Harry Hilgeman

Mr. Walter H. Hill

Mrs. Robt. K. Hoadley
Mr./Mrs. Charlie Hoessle

Mr. Thos, A. Hoffman
Mr./Mrs. Wylie B. Hogeman
Mr. M. Lee Holekamp, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Paul Holzen

Mr. Ted Hooper

Mrs. Alene Houchin

Mr. William House

Mr. C. W. Huang

Mr. David M. Huber
Mr./Mrs. Bruce M, Huffaker

Dr./Mrs. Karl R. Hussey
Miss Virginia Jackson

Mrs. Barbara J. Jacobs
Mr./Mirs. Sidney H. Jacobson
Mr./Mrs. Wm. H. Jasper
Mr./Mrs. Robt. Jeffery
Dr./Mrs. James Jenkins
Dr./Mrs. James P. Jennings
Miss Ellen J. Jensen
Mr./Mrs. M. C. Johansen
Mrs. Chas. H. Johnson
Mr./Mrs. Ben T. Johnston
Mr./Mrs. C. Norman Jones
Mr./Mrs. Norman A. Jung
Ms. Diane Kates

Mrs. William S. Keeline
Mr./Mrs. Ken Keitel

Miss Margaret A. Kelemen
Mr./Mrs. C. Warren Keller
Mr./Mrs. John R. Kellogg
Mr./Mrs. James A. Kelly
Mrs. Fred Kemp

Mr./Mrs. Wm. F. Kemper, I!
Mr./Mrs. Thomas A. Kieffer
Mr./Mrs. N. Kimelman

Mrs. Alma J. Kimlin
Mr./Mrs. Dennis King

Ms. Sandy Kinney

Mr./Mrs. Geo. Kloster
Mr./Mrs. Leo L. Kreeder
Mr./Mrs. David N. Krem
Mr./Mrs. Jerry W. Krueger
Ms. Idalla T. Koch

Mr./Mrs. Larry Kogan
Mr./Mrs. Geo. B. Kroeger, Jr.
Miss Pamela J. Kuhn

Mrs. Sally Kushins

Mr./Mirs. Geo. H. Kyd
Mr./Mrs. Bernard LaBlance
Miss Arleen C. Laciny
Mr./Mrs. Thomas S. Lambert
Mr./Mrs. Wm. H. Lang, Sr.
Mrs. A. Lawrence Lay
Mr./Mrs. Jack M. Lee, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Greg Leisse
Mr./Mrs. Wm. A. Levinson
Mr./Mrs. Norton Lieberman
Mr./Mrs. Virgil L. Light
Drs. Robert and Joellyn Lins
Mr. David Littman

Mr. Phillip D. Logan
Mr./Mrs. Frank Lombardi
Dr./Mrs. Alan M. Londe
Mrs. Walter W. Lorch, Jr.
Miss Myrtle Lowe

Mr./Mrs. Robert C. Lucas
Mr. L. F. Lumaghi, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Ben Magdovitz
Mr./Mrs. Eiliott K. Main
Mr./Mirs. Clem L. Maher
Mrs. W. L. Mange

Mr. Bill Markuly

Mr./Mrs. Gene R. Marner
Mrs. Julia Maroon

Mrs. Madelon K. Martine
Mr./Mrs. Wm. H. Maute
Mr./Mrs. Thomas McCarthy
Dr./Mrs. A. E. McElfresh
Mr./Mrs. C. T. McGregor
Mr./Mrs. James E. McKee, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Karl McKenzie
Ms. Lois McLaughlin
Mr./Mrs. Lawrence E. Mendonsa
Athan G. Mertis

Mrs. Gene F. Messing
Dr./Mrs. Paul W. Miles
Mr./Mrs. Ed Miller

Ms. Jane A. Miller

Mr./Mrs. Ross Miller
Dr./Mrs. Stephen W. Miller

Mr./Mrs. Richard D. Mills
Ms. Marie Mitchell

Mr./Mrs. Robt. E. Moll

Ms. Margaret F. Moloney
Mr./Mrs. Edward Monaco
Mr./Mrs. Frank |. Mortimer
Mr./Mrs. Herbert Mueller
Mr./Mrs. Peter Mueller

Mrs. Delor P. Murray
Mr./Mrs. Howard Nemerov
Mr./Mrs. Chas. A. Newman
Mrs. Estelle D. Newsome
Mr./Mrs. Frank B. Niedner
Mr./Mrs. E. Charles Niepert
Mr./Mrs. Wm. P. Norris
Dr./Mrs. L. Woodrow O’Brien
Mr./Mrs. Rex D. Oehm
Mr./Mrs. Peter Ohlhausen
Dr. James R. O'Neal

Miss Ruth Onken

Dr./Mrs. Leroy F. Ortmeyer
Mr./Mrs. John A. Parsons
Mr./Mrs. Richard H. Patton
Barbara Peach

Mr./Mrs. Alfred M. Pelham
Mr./Mrs. Richard K. Perry
Karen and Jim Person

Mr. Ralph A. Petersen

Mrs. T. W. Pidgeon

Mrs. Linda F. Placke
Mr./Mrs. Raymond C. Plas
Mr. Gregory L. Pohiman
Mr./Mrs. Alvin W. Pohlmann
Mr. Alfred E. Preate
Mr./Mrs. David Rabinovitz
Mr. O. E. Randoll

Mr. Gerald A. Ranney
Mr./Mrs. Chas. L. Rea

Mrs. Mary R. Rector
Dr./Mrs. Luis Reuss
Mr./Mrs. Ralph H. Rice
Miss Dorothy Rinderer

Mr. John Risberg

Mrs. Elzey Roberts
Mr./Mrs. Myles J. Roche
Miss Joan B. Rosenkoetter
Mr./Mrs. W. C. Rowe
Mr./Mrs. J. Spencer Royer
Mr./Mrs. James L. Ruschill
Mr./Mrs. Robt. H. Salisbury
Mr./Mrs. Edw. R. Samuels
Ms. Tina Saputo

Mrs. Mitchell H. Saranow
Mr./Mrs. Wm. F. Schallert
Mrs. Edw. F. Schlafly
Mr./Mrs. Joel E. Schneider
Mr./Mrs. Herman Schnitzmeyer
Mrs. Richard Schoenfeld
Mrs. Robert Schoknecht
Mr./Mrs. Theodore P. Schott
Mr./Mrs. F. L. Schrage
Mr./Mrs. Joseph Schraibman
Mr./Mrs. Victor Schulein
Mr. Ralph F. Schulik

Mr. Kenneth J. Schumm
Miss Esther Schutte

Mrs. Jean Schweitzer
Mr./Mrs. C. L. Seaton
Mr./Mrs. George Sevall
Mr./Mrs. Wm. D. Siebe
Dr./Mrs. Frederick W. Siegert
Mr./Mrs. G. K. Sievers

Mr. Robt. W. Simpson
Sisters of Saint Mary

Dr. Emily L. Smith
Mr./Mrs. Richard B. Smith
Ms. Susan H. Smith
Mr./Mrs. Wayman F. Smith, III
Mr./Mrs. Wilson E. Smith
Mr. Geo. A. Spencer
Mr./Mrs. Leo A. Sprung
Ms. V. M. Steidemann

Miss Anita Stelzer

Mr./Mrs. James Stephenson
Ruth R. Stansbrough
Mr./Mrs. Paul S. Stassevitch
Mrs. Albert Stix

Mr./Mrs. Burke W. Stout
Dr./Mrs. Timothy J. Sullivan
Ms. Rose M. Sweet

Mrs. Thomas L. Sullivan
Ms. Jane A. Taylor
Dr./Mrs. Howard P. Tchou
Mrs. Nell K. Teague

Miss Joan Thale

Mr./Mrs. Philip Thaw

Mrs. George E. Thoma
Mr./Mrs. Fritts W. Thomas
Mr. Lloyd W. Toney

Joyce A. Torrey

Mr./Mrs. Sidney B. Trelease
Mr./Mrs. W. T. Trowbridge
Mr./Mrs. Norman P. Turek
Dr./Mrs. James K. Turner
Mr./Mrs. C. Ed Tussey

Mrs. Harvey T. Uelk

Mr. Eugene M. Uram
Mr./Mrs. James H. Vaughan
Mr./Mrs. August E. Vogt
Mr./Mrs. Emil H. Wachter
Mr. Joel W. Wagman
Mr./Mrs. Robt. M. Walker
Mr./Mrs. Otto A. Wasem
Mr./Mrs. Herbert |. Weber
Mr./Mrs. Ronald Weil

Miss Susan Wein

Mr./Mrs. John D. Weiss
Mr./Mrs. W. A. Welsh

Mr. E. A. Westrup

Mrs. Stuart A. Wetzel

Mrs. Norma White

Mr./Mrs. Byron L. Williams, Jr.
Dr./Mrs. James A. Willibrand
Miss Elizabeth Wilson

Miss Marilyn C. Winkeler
Mrs. Wm. E. Wootten
Mr./Mrs. R. W. Yost

Miss Anne M. Young

Mrs. Roland Zimmermann
Mr./Mrs, John Zupez

INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIP
SPONSORING

Angelica Corporation
Mr./Mrs, Charles M. Ruprecht

SUSTAINING

Mr./Mrs. Gene K. Beare
Mrs. Clark P. Fiske

Mrs. Henry Griesedieck
Mr./Mrs. Paul J. Hefele
Mr./Mrs. Joseph A, Mowry
Dr./Mrs. Matthew Newman
Mr./Mrs, Homer V. Price

Member of
The Arts and Education
Fund of Greater St.Louis

11

CONTRIBUTING

Mr./Mrs. Richard Avellone
Mr./Mrs, Bruce B, Baehler
Mr./Mrs. Melvin C, Bahle
Mrs, W. F. Baldt

Dr./Mrs. George Benson
Mr. Edward J. Berry

Mr./Mrs

Mr./Mrs
Mr./Mrs

Mrs. Bernard Blomberg Mr./Mrs
Mr./Mrs, Carl T. Busse Mr./Mrs
Dr./Mrs, John A, Carrier Mr./Mrs
Mr./Mrs. Herbert D. Condie Mr./Mrs

Mr./Mrs. Michael A. Cowan
Mrs, Edwin R,. Culver, Jr.
Ms. Wauneta DeKiserre

. Paul D. Eckrich
Dr./Mrs. A. V. Grieshaber

. Eugene Hail

. Martin E. Juncker
. C. H. Kremmel

. G. N. Kuechler

. Robert Levis

. John D. Levy

Mr./Mrs. Meyer Levy
Mr./Mrs. Robert F. Lyons
Mr./Mrs. Gordon MacConnell

Mr, Richard N, McLaughlin
Mr, John J. Nooney
Mr./Mrs. Lester G. Peters
Miss Frances H. Pickel
Mr./Mrs, Dwight Prade
Dr./Mrs. John V. Reilly
Roman Company

Mr./Mrs. Walter G. Majtas, Jr.

Dr./Mrs. Rudy Ruhling
Mr./Mrs, Anton Sestric
Dr./Mrs. W. L. Smiley
Dr./Mrs. Donald Strominger
Miss Marguerite Stuehrk
Dr./Mrs. Richard A. Sutter
Mrs. Biron Valier

Mrs. Teresa J. Vietti
Dr./Mrs, Stephen R, Waltman
Mr./Mrs. J. L. Weatherby
Dr./Mrs. Herbert C. Wiegand

JUNE TRIBUTES

In Honor of Mr. Howard Baer’s
75th Birthday

Mrs. Louis L. Baer

Mr./Mrs, Harry Franc
Mr./Mrs Stanley Goodman
Mr./Mrs. Edward Greensfelder
Carolyn and John Isaacs, Jr.
Mr./Mrs, Lawton Levy
Mr./Mrs. Willard L. Levy
Mr./Mrs. Louis R. Putzel
Mr./Mrs. Joseph F. Ruwitch
Mrs. William H. Schield

Herb and Queenie Schiele
Mr./Mrs. James W. Singer, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Milton H. Tucker

In Honor of Mrs. John Davidson

Group Action Council of
Greater St. Louis

In Honor of Mr. Theodore R. Gamble’s
graduation from Harvard

Mrs. Ralph F. Piper

In Honor of Mr. & Mrs. W. H. Hedley’s
Golden Wedding Anniversary

Harry W. Craft
Mrs. Raymond E. Lange
Mrs. Arthur Sherwood

In Honor of Mr. & Mrs. Milton H. Johnson's
Golden Wedding Anniversary

Mr./Mrs. Edgar A. Morris & Family

In Honor of Mr. & Mrs. Oren Miller’s
Wedding Anniversary

Fritz Cornwell
Mary MacCarthy

In Honor of Mr. & Mrs. Wade Norman's
25th Wedding Anniversary

Gerry Barnholtz

In Honor of Dr. & Mrs. David Perkins’
25th Wedding Anniversary

Dr./Mrs. Robert E. Kuhlman

In Honor of Tribute Fund
Alice Wittkopf

In Memory of Mrs. Charles E. Bascom
Marian King Tichvinsky

In Memory of Miss Bessie Belzer
The Frielingsdorf Family

In Memory of Mrs. Gurdon Black
Elizabeth G. Brokaw

In Memory of Anna Critzas Borasio
Mrs. J. H. Harper

In Memory of Mr. Willis Brodhead
Mr./Mrs. John Brodhead, Jr.

In Memory of Adelaide LaBeaume Cherbonnier
E. G. Cherbonnier

In Memory of Mrs. Cruzen
Mr./Mrs. John R. Barsanti, Jr.

In Memory of Joseph S. Dino, Sr.

Mitchel and Marie Grzesiowski

In Memory of Mrs. Marvin Hamilton
Mrs. Joseph Magidson

In Memory of Mrs. Herman Hinsman
Mrs. Emily S. Sheldon

Mrs. Charles C. Simmons

In Memory of Mr. Louis Izenstein
Mr./Mrs. Ronald L. Pohle

In Memory of Mrs. Carolyn Jacobsmeyer
Mrs. Elsi Glik

Mrs. George S. Metcalfe

In Memory of Mrs. Ellen Lee Johns
Harriett B. Beall

In Memory of Emma Kolb
Mr./Mrs. Edward Heichelbech

In Memory of Mr. Ed Meehan

Rose Society of Greater St. Louis

In Memory of Miss Dorothy Meyer

Margarita and Roland Jester

In Memory of Mrs. Jo Ondr
The Frielingsdorf Family

In Memory of Mr. Fred A. Rauch, Sr.

ITT Blackburn Company

R. Lavin & Sons, Inc.
Virginia Strudell

Mr./Mrs. Charles J. Wochner

In Memory of Mrs. William Sedgwick

American National Bank

In Memory of Wilson Allen Taylor, Jr.
John B. Henkle

In Memory of Mr. Cyril Theohar

Margarita and Roland Jester

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

2345 Tower Grove Avenue
Saint Louis, Missouri 63110

SECOND CLASS
POSTAGE

PAID
AT ST. LOUIS, MO.

Missouri
Botanical

Garden
Bulletin

Bird-at-rest detail of
the Garden's birds-in-
flight Waldemer
Fountain

(see Page 8).

#
fl hes

Garden Launches $6 Million Campaign

Robert R. Hermann

A campaign to raise $6 million for Garden im-
provements and capital construction — including a
new entrance, new building with enlarged educational
quarters, visitor orientation center and floral display
hall — was launched in August by the Garden’s Board
of Trustees.

The announcement was made by Tom K. Smith,
Jr., Board president.

The one-year campaign will be under the direc-
tion of Robert R. Hermann, member of the Garden
Board and president of the Standard Container Com-
pany of St. Louis.

The major element in the improvement plan is a
$4.7 million structure to be located on the north side
of the Garden, facing Shaw Avenue and housing a
new entry, a visitor orientation center and expanded
educational and display facilities.

‘‘The need for the campaign evolved out of the
Garden’s extraordinary growth in recent years and
rising demands for services,” Mr. Hermann said. “Our
present facilities are not adequate to handle the in-
creased attendance, membership, educational pro-
grams and research projects.

‘“‘In 1976, more than 40,000 adults and children
took part in Garden seminars, workshops, teacher
training sessions, environmental education programs,

art Courses and lectures, in space designed to accom-
modate half that number,” he said.

Visitors now enter the Garden in front of the
Climatron on the east side of the Garden. “‘The new
entrance will orient visitors to the whole Garden, not
just the Climatron area, by introducing them to all
aspects of the Garden and interpreting for them their
botanical and environmental significance,’’ Mr. Her-
mann said.

“The new building will allow us to prepare visi-
tors for the rewarding experience of enjoying the Gar-
den and understanding its aims, as well as the impor-
tance of plant life on earth, through a comprehensive
overview of the Garden’s potential for illustrating and
conveying botanical information.”’

The new building will also provide climate-con-
trolled space for floral displays, the Plant Shop, the
Garden Gate Shop and eating facilities.

Other components of the campaign include a cen-
ter for maintenance operations, now scattered
throughout the garden, and expanded parking facili-
ties near the entrance.

Mr. Hermann said the Board realizes it is attempt-
ing to raise $6 million in a highly competitive market.

“But the Garden is different from all other cul-
tural institutions in St. Louis,’’ he said. ‘‘The Garden
is an institution measured by world, not local or na-
tional, standards and provides the best return on the
cultural dollar of any institution in the city.

“The budget has been balanced for the past five
years. We have been steadily accumulating endow-
ment, have broadened our base of annual support and
have increased our income through membership, sales
and attendance.”’

The $6 million campaign completes the final
phase of a comprehensive Master Plan formulated in
1973, two years after Dr. Peter H. Raven became
director of the Garden.

Volume LXV Number 9
September 1977

Miss Rose Henke:
Profile of a Volunteer

While sorting through a stack of Garden Bu//etins
from many years ago, a library staff member came
across the name of Rose Henke, mentioned in an arti-
cle written by Edgar Anderson, noted botanist and
one-time Garden director.

Miss Henke, the article stated, was at the time ‘’a
Girl Scout working on a merit badge on trees’’.

Today, Rose Henke is one of the Garden’s most
dedicated and loyal volunteers, working with the li-
brary staff and using her considerable linguistic abili-
ties to translate publications into English from Ger-
man and Spanish. Her principal duty is to check in
the publications which arrive daily from all over the
world.

Miss Henke has been a Garden volunteer for the
past five years, finding easy access to the Garden by
bus from her South St. Louis home, where she resides
with her sister. She is a native of St. Louis, and in her
youth, lived on Lafayette Avenue on a tract of land
originally owned by Henry Shaw.

Miss Henke majored in languages — German,
Spanish and French — at Harris Teachers College. She
later earned a master’s degree from St. Louis Univer-
sity and completed several courses in botany and
languages at the University of Colorado. Prior to be-
coming a Garden volunteer, Miss Henke taught school
for 38 years.

Art is one of Miss Henke’s strong interests, both
as an observer and a participant. She has visited
museums in several cities and often obtains and stu-
dies catalogues of special museum exhibits in faraway

Miss Rose Henke

places. She enjoys sketching in ink, frequently spend-
ing time at the Garden depicting Garden scenes and
plants. In October, Miss Henke will travel to Japan
with a Garden group and she hopes to sketch some of
the beautiful gardens and other sights on the group’s
itinerary.

Miss Henke enjoys her work at the Garden, fre-
quently commenting on the spirit of assistance and
cooperation she finds among the staff and other
volunteers.

The Garden, in turn, is very grateful for Miss
Henke’s loyal interest, her energy and her generosity.
She is a volunteer whose roots, indeed, extend deeply
into Garden history.

Christmas Card Offer

Until Sept. 15, Garden Members may purchase —
at special discount — greeting cards for the Christmas
season depicting a Japanese Garden snow scene, etch-
ing-screened in full color. The cards are sold 25 to a
box, available to Members for $3.50. After Sept. 15,
the cards will be offered to the general public at
$4.50 per box. The cards must be purchased at the
Garden Gate Shop. We are sorry but no mail orders.

Henry Shaw:
His Life and Legacy

“Henry Shaw — His Life and Legacy,’’ a new bio-
graphical booklet on the Garden’s founder, is now
available for sale at the Garden Gate Shop and Tower
Grove House.

The 16-page, 8’’x 10” pictorial biography, written
by James Reed, chief librarian at the Garden, and
Jean Deken, assistant librarian, is filled with repro-
ductions of historic photographs depicting the past
and present glories of Shaw’s Garden.

The new biography is available at $2.00 per copy.

2

The Arboretum:
Take a Walk with Wildflowers

Beginning Sept. 6 and continuing through Oct.
25, the Shaw Arboretum again will offer its popular
program of wildflower walks, offering Garden mem-
bers and visitors an unparalleled nature experience in
the northern Ozark wilderness.

Wildflower walks will be held each Tuesday at the
Arboretum, from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m.

Betty Nelums and Nell Menke, well-known local
naturalists, will conduct the walks, which start from
the Visitor Center and follow the Arboretum’s ex-
tensive woodland trails, which wind through a diver-
sity of plant and animal communities characteristic of
the northern Ozark region. Visitors may attend a sin-
gle session or several, to view the progression of fall
wildflowers.

There is no charge for the wildflower walks be-
yond the regular Arboretum admission, $1.00 for
adults, $.50 for children. Members pay no charge. For
additional information, call 772-7600, ext. 81.

Dr. Huckins Named Assistant Chief Horticulturist

Dr. Charles A. Huckins, curator of tropical plants,
has been named assistant chief horticulturist for the
Garden, it was announced by Dr. Peter H. Raven,
Garden director.

Working directly under chief horticulturist
Robert Dingwall, Dr. Huckins will be responsible for
supervision of the growing ranges, propagation ranges,
orchid ranges and their related activities, including,
specifically, the annual flower shows in the Floral
Display House.

Since August, 1974, Dr. Huckins has been curator
of tropical plants and has played a major role in the
redesigning, replanting and renovation of the Mediter-
ranean House. Opened in January, 1976, the Mediter-
ranean House is devoted exclusively to plants from
the mediterranean regions of the world and is the
only greenhouse in the United States committed spe-
cifically and exclusively to the culture of mediter-
ranean plants.

Dr. Charles Huckins, the Garden’s new assistant chief horticu/turist,
inspects the vines in the Mediterranean House grape arbor. Dr.
Huckins served as curator of tropical plants from 1974 until his
recent appointment was announced.

Dr. Huckins plans to continue and expand the
series of small public exhibits introduced recently in
the Climatron, the Desert House and the Mediterran-
ean House which relate directly to the plants growing
there — such as the Plants from the Bible exhibit in
the Mediterranean House last spring.

“We want to utilize our living collections more

effectively,’’ he said, ‘‘and one of the primary ways is
through public education, to make these plants more
meaningful to our visitors.”

Hundreds of schoolchildren and other groups saw
the Biblical plant display, exhibited with appropriate
quotations from the Old and New Testaments.

“Even though these plants are not native to Mis-
sour,’ Dr. Huckins continued, ‘‘they are important
to Missourians and all people in the temperate regions
of the world, because they are a part of our planet.
So these plants are interesting to the public for their
assets other than their ornamental value.”’

Dr. Huckins, a native of Honolulu, received his
bachelor’s degree in biology from Brown University
and his master’s and doctoral degrees from Cornell.
For his doctorate, awarded in 1972, he majored in
plant taxonomy and minored in horticulture and
plant anatomy and morphology. Dr. Huckins con-
ducted postdoctoral research in Europe and has pub-
lished several studies on ornamental crabapples and
the evaluation of woody plants for landscape plant-
ings.

Dr. Huckins’ wife, the former Mathilde Germaine
Demisay, is a charge nurse at Barnes Hospital. Dr. and
Mrs. Huckins are residents of Webster Groves.

Dahlias and Garden ‘Tour’
are September Show Themes

Dahlias, those great round brilliant blooms, some
on stalks more than six feet high, will receive the
height of recognition September 24 and 25 when the
Greater St. Louis Dahlia Society holds its thirty-
ninth annual show in the Floral Display House.

The show is open to the public from 2 to 5 p.m.
on Saturday, September 24, and from 9 am. to 5
p.m. Sunday, September 25.

Prospective exhibitors who are members in good
standing of the Dahlia Society as of June 30 are eligi-
ble to exhibit in any section of the show. One section
is Open to non-members who have an amateur or no-
vice show standing.

Information on registration may be obtained by
calling Myron Roever, president of the Dahlia Soci-
ety, 618-935-2208. Sam Bellamy is show chairman.

FALL HARVEST SHOW

The Fenton Garden Club will hold its Fall Har-
vest Show in the Floral Display House this month
with hours from 2 to 5 p.m. on Saturday, September
17, and 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. on Sunday, September 18.

The theme is ‘‘A Tour of Shaw’s Garden” and will
emphasize the Lily Ponds, Climatron, Desert House,
Rose Gardens Japanese Garden, and Tower Grove
House.

Mrs. Kenneth Camp, Mrs. Joseph Cloud and Mrs.
Oliver Miller are in charge of arrangements.

3

Crane Island Contributors

Presented by

EAST CENTRAL DISTRICT
Federated Garden Clubs of

The above plaque at the Garden recognizes the
contributions made by members of the East Central
District, Federated Garden Clubs of Missouri, in giving
Crane Island to the Japanese Garden.

Contributing garden clubs were listed in a recent
Bulletin. Also among the contributors, omitted from
the original list, are:

— the Fenton Garden Club

— Southwest Circle

— Brentwood #3 (Rose)

— Lakeshire #1

— Lakeshire #2

— Chesterfield Hill

Japanese Flower
Arranging:
/kebana Course Offered

An adult education course in Ikebana — Japanese
Flower Arranging — will be offered by the Garden’s
Education Department beginning Monday, September
26, on four successive Mondays.

The ever-popular four-session course, an intro-
duction to all aspects of Japanese Flower Arranging,
will meet from 12:45 to 3 p.m. September 26, Octo-
ber 3, 10 and 17, in the John S. Lehmann Building on
the Garden grounds. Instructors for the course will be

Mrs. Walter E. Morris and Mrs. Daniel C. Poor.
Advance registration is required and those inter-

ested have been asked to contact the Education
Department at 772-7600.

Fee for Garden Members is $20.00.

Landscape Design II
Course Offered

The second in a series of landscape design courses,
offered by the National Council of State Garden
Clubs and co-sponsored by the Garden, will be given
October 11-13 at the J.C. Penney Continuing Educa-
tion Building on the campus of the University of Mis-
souri-St. Louis.

The series is co-sponsored also by the Federated
Garden Clubs of Missouri, the University of Missouri-
St. Louis Continuing Education Extension Division
and the St. Louis County Extension Center.

The three-day course will cover Architecture and
Related Arts and Professions, The Professional Land-
scape Architect; Development of Landscape Architec-
ture from 1840 to 1930; Urban Design; Landscape
Graphics: Interpretation; Plants in Composition, Exe-
cution of Landscape Architectural Design; Site Design
and Ground Form, Art and Nature Appreciation, and
Elements of Landscape Architectural Design. Robert
Dingwall, the Garden's chief horticulturist, will serve
as instructor for ‘‘Plants in Composition”.

The course fee is $25. It is open to the public and
there are no prerequisites. Registration: 8:30 a.m.,
October 11 with lectures from 9:15-4:30 p.m., Octo-
ber 12, lectures from 9:00 a.m. to 4:15 p.m.

There will be reading assignments for those who
wish to take an optional test October 13, based on
readings from the following books: ‘‘An Introduction
to Landscape Architecture’, Laurie; ‘‘Landscape
Architecture’, Simonds; ‘‘The Book of Landscape
Design’’, Ortloff and Raymore; and “Art and Nature
Appreciation’, Opdyke. These books may be pur-
chased at the National Council of State Garden Clubs
headquarters, 4401 Magnolia Avenue, on the Garden
grounds. The books are also available to Members on
loan from the Garden library.

For further information contact Dorothy A.
Jones, UMSL Continuing Education Extension Divi-
sion, at (314) 453-5961. To insure receipt of all
necessary materials, interested persons should register
well in advance.

The Landscape Design Study Courses are given in
a series, the first held in October 1976. Course ||| and
IV will be offered in successive years.

The purpose of the program from its beginning in
1952, has been to educate garden club members and
the public in the knowledge and use of good land-
scape architectural practices. The series is of special
value to those serving on park boards, highway com-
missions, planning and zoning boards, construction
and development.

Chairman of the Landscape Design section of the
Federated Garden Clubs of Missouri is Mrs. Eugene
C. Sunnen.

The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is pub-
lished 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical
Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110.
Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year.
$6.00 foreign.

Stevens Goes to Nicaragua

~~

Dr. W. Douglas Stevens

From a botanical point of view, the Central
American nation of Nicaragua remains something of a
mystery. Most of the countries of that region either
have published or are in the process of publishing
floras describing their native plants — an undertaking
which requires a great amount of botanical explora-
tion and collection.

Nicaragua, however, has no such flora.

To undertake botanical collection and ultimately
produce a published manual flora for Nicaragua, the
Garden has appointed Dr. W. Douglas Stevens as B. A.
Krukoff Curator of Central American Botany.
Following a brief orientation session at the Garden in
June, Dr. Stevens departed for Nicaragua, where he
will live for three years and conduct extensive
collection activities.

Dr. Stevens, who received his doctorate from
Michigan State University in 1976, is a specialist in
the milkweed (Asclepidaceae) family.

The Garden is cooperating in the project with the
Banco Central of Nicaragua, which is the loose
equivalent of our National Science Foundation. The
Banco Central is providing support for the purchase
and maintenance of a field vehicle for use in the pro-
ject. They have also built a new plant drying facility
in Nicaragua and are setting up a herbarium there. In
the future, the Nicaraguans hope to be able to send a
student to the Garden for training in herbarium
curation techniques, so that they can better manage
their collection.

Another collaborator in the project is Dr. Frank
Seymour of Gainesville, Florida, who is a Research
Associate of the Garden’s Botany Department. Dr.
Seymour recently published an important flora of
New England, and after completing that project has
turned his attention to the study of the flora of
Nicaragua. Dr. Seymour has made several collecting
trips to Nicaragua and has amassed an important
collection of Nicaraguan plants.

Israeli Botanist Lauds
Garden Research
Resources

The Garden’s involvement and expertise in the
flora of Nicaragua, where Dr. W. Douglas Stevens is
currently studying and collecting specimens, led to a
Garden visit last month by an Israeli botanist, Dr.
Avinoam Danin.

It was the second visit to the Garden for Dr.
Danin, who is conducting a soil/plant relationship
study in the lowland rain forest of the Atlantic coast-
al area of Nicaragua. Dr. Danin spent several days at
the Garden in July, using the herbarium facilities to
familiarize himself with the tropical plants he will be
collecting and studying in the field.

“In order to study the vegetation one has to
know the plants,’’ said Dr. Danin, who is on a sabbati-
cal from Hebrew University. But instead of beginning
in Nicaragua, where there are fewer trained botanical
experts and less literature available on the subject, Dr.
Danin came to the Garden to learn about the plants
he will be researching and study the relevant litera-
ture. “‘The Missouri Botanical Garden is the finest
source in the world to learn about the plants of Nica-
ragua,’’ he said. ‘‘It is the research center of the world
on tropical flora.”’

After completing field studies, Dr. Danin will con-
tinue his sabbatical at the University of California,
Berkeley, in the forestry department. He was original-
ly invited to use the Garden research facilities by Dr.
Peter H. Raven, Garden director, two years ago, when
Dr. Raven was a guest lecturer at Hebrew University.

The Gerhard Marcks sculpture, “‘Three Graces“, is on loan to the
Garden from Mr. and Mrs. Thomas S. Hall. The 42-inch high bronze
sculpture has been placed within the smal! pool in the front of the
Linnaean House.

Garden Visitors

Gerhardt Zimmermann, left,
assistant conductor of the St.
Louis Symphony Orchestra,
conducts a Brahms work dur
ing a recent concert at the
Garden. Zimmermann has
termed the Garden “one of
the most esthetically pleasing
settings” in which the sym-
phony performs. Below, the
first of some 2,300 concert
goers arrive for the evening's
performance.

2

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Be init
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The Shapleigh Fountain, itself
in watery bloom, serves as a
focal point during the recent
Rose Evening for Members.

Dr. Peter H. Raven,
Garden director,
escorts members of the
Society of American
Travel Writers ona

recent tour.

Ambassador Messanvi Kokou Keheh of Togo-
land and Mme. Keheh inspect the Japanese
Garden’s Oribe lantern during a tour conducted
by Dr. Peter Goldblatt of the Botany Depart-
ment. Mme. Keheh wears a “‘pagne”, a native
hand-printed cotton dress with a long skirt,
matching blouse and tie sash.

Robynn and Andy
Srenco, children of
Mr. and Mrs. Robert
Srenco of St. Louis,
find a restful spot

to relax near the
smal! stream which
feeds one of the

On tour near the Main Gate are members of the American Society Japanese Garden
of Personnel Administration. waterfalls,

-

Waldemer Fountain is Bird Paradise

The Waldemer Fountain
embodies birds in flight
and is a popular spot for
the Garden’s bird popula-
tion, But other Garden
visitors — the wingless
variety — also find ita
pleasant stop during an
afternoon tour.

It is no coincidence that the Garden's birds-in-
residence approve of the Waldemer Fountain, located
near the entrance to the Anne L. Lehmann Rose Gar-
den and one of several water fountains in the Garden.

“The concept embodies birds in flight,’’ explains
Robert Lee Walker, the sculptor who carved the foun-
tain from bronze and set it upon stones of Tennessee
marble. Walker, in fact, had birds in mind when he
designed the fountain.

The fountain was contributed to the Garden by
Mr. and Mrs. Edwin R. Waldemer. Coordinating archi-
tects who worked with the sculptor were Karl D.

Pettit 111 and Harriet Rodes Bakewell.

Walker, who has designed many fountains for pri-
vate gardens and memorial bronze tablets, is the cre-
ator of the Iron Man statue of St. Louis Blues player
Gary Unger; and the famous bronze statue of Popeye
in Chester, Ill., the home of Popeye’s originator, the
late Elzie Segar. Walker is chairman of the art depart-
ment at John Burroughs School and head of its sculp-
ture section,

Plantings to complete the area of the fountain,
which was installed in the spring of 1976, will include
a circle of tall hollies.

The Ascent of Man

In keeping with its scientific heritage and ongoing
cultural and educational commitment, the Garden has
scheduled for Members a showing of the unique
Jacob Bronowski film series, ‘“The Ascent of Man”.

Installments of the 13-part series will be shown at
10:30 a.m. and again at 8 p.m. every Wednesday,
beginning Sept. 7, in the John S. Lehmann Building
Auditorium.

Hardback and paperback books in the ‘‘Ascent of
Man” series will be on sale at the Garden Gate Shop.

‘‘The Ascent of Man’’ traces the development of
man as seen through the history of science. Discover-
ies from the flint tool to geometry, from the arch to
the theory of relativity, are shown to be progressions
in man’s search to understand nature and control it.

Dr. Bronowski, the author, approaches his subject
with authority and grace. In the end, he gives us a
new perspective not just on science, but on civiliza-

8

tion itself. The schedule:

September 7 ‘‘Lower than the Angels”
September 14 “The Harvest of the Seasons”
September 21 ‘The Grain in the Stone”
September 28 ‘The Hidden Structure’

*October 5 ‘Music of the Spheres’’
October 12 ‘The Starry Messenger”’
October 19 “The Majestic Clockwork”
October 26 “The Drive for Power”

‘‘The Ladder of Creation”
“World Within World”
‘Knowledge of Certainty”’
‘‘Generation Upon Generation”
“The Long Childhood”

* This film will be shown only at 8 p.m. There will
be no 10:30 a.m. presentation.

November 2
November 9
November 16
November 23
November 30

Tower Grove House Face Lift Complete

Tower Grove House has had its face lifted.

Under the supervision of Gerhardt Kramer, resto-
ration architect, the stucco exterior of the house has
been painted a soft beige hue and its wood trim
green, the original color in the time of Henry Shaw.

Now Mr. Shaw’s Italianate country home awaits
visitors as one of the highlights of Historic Pilgrimage
‘77, a nine-day series of St. Louis tours scheduled for
September 24 through October 2.

Until its refurbishing earlier this year, the stucco
exterior was dulled and weak with age; the wood trim
was brown.

“But upon investigation, scratching down to the
bare surface, we found that the original trim was
green, a typical St. Louis custom at the time the
house was built,’” said Kramer. Since the 1849 house
had been painted many times, it was no easy task to
duplicate the original color.

The original house, according to Kramer, was
brick, one small section of which remains, unpainted
and unstuccoed, under the rear stairs. The stucco
facing was added in 1918.

Added to the house in 1891, a wing on the north
side replaced the old servants quarters. The original
window trim there, including the cornices, was also
found to be green.

i
Tower Grove House ili ' or)
following its recent face- ——_-—
lift, viewed from the south
and including the fenced-in
Herb Garden.

“Ornamental eyebrows over the windows on the
front of the house are wood on the original building
and copper on the 1891 wing,”’ said Kramer.

Tower Grove House is one of 26 museum houses
which were added to private homes on the fall histor-
ic pilgrimage tour, sponsored by Landmarks Associa-
tion of St. Louis, Inc., and the Missouri Historical
Society.

Tower Grove House is the first stop of the series
Tour No. 2, on Tuesday, September 27.

TOWER GROVE HOUSE TWILIGHT TOUR

On September 24, the opening day of the Land-
marks tour, Tower Grove House will be open from 5
to 7 p.m. for a twilight tour.

Refreshments will be served to visitors.

Landmarks tour tickets will be on sale at Tower
Grove House that evening and during the rest of the
tour series at $5.00 each. Admission to the Shaw
Home twilight hour is $2.50, $1.50 with a Pilgrimage
ticket.

In time for the tour series, a special exhibit of
buttons from a collection belonging to Mrs. William
Henry Schield, a Garden Life Member, will be on
display at Tower Grove House.

Gardening in St. Louis

September is the month for working lawns back
into good condition. Refeed the lawn, thatch, aerate
and reseed areas when and if needed. It is important
to select good seed and to get it in as early in the
month as possible, in order to take advantage of the
cooler nights and, hopefully, moist weather. Feeding
in early September, followed by another one in mid-
October will insure an established turf as we enter the
winter months,

Now is also the time to plan for the planting of
trees and shrubs, to take place as soon as these be-
come dormant late in October. Preparations need to
be made for the site and for selection of the types.
One may want to consider some of the smaller trees
for attracting birds. Cornus kousa — Chinese dog-
wood is an excellent small shrub for this area, bloom-
ing later than the regular flowering dogwood so it is
not affected by the late spring frost, and bearing
heavy quantitites of fruit which turn brilliant red in
the fall and last into early winter. The common Wash-
ington thorn, Crataegus punctalia ‘Ohio Pioneer’ is an
excellent cultivar for the street tree or specimen
planting, and is almost completely free of thorns. It is
excellent bearing small tree growing a height of 25
feet.

ATTRACTING BIRDS

For attracting birds, the single flowered species of
crabapples are best as far as fruiting habits are con-
cerned. Among these are the Sargent crab, Ma/us sar-
genti; the cut-leafed crab, Ma/us toringoides, and red-
bud crab, Malus x zumi ‘Calocarpa/ Ma/us ‘Red Jade’,
a weeping form, which originated at the Brooklyn
Botanic Garden, is an excellent weeping form for the
small garden and it bears heavily.

Other good trees and shrubs to include are the
Russian olive, E/aeagnus angustifolia; Pyrancantha,
the firethorns; and Cornus mas, cornelian cherry.
Other suitable trees for planting in St. Louis are the
following: autumn purple white ash, Frax/nus ameri-
cana ‘Autumn Purple’, Shawnee brave bald cypress,
Taxodium distichum ‘Shawnee Brave’, the Hesse
European ash, Fraxinus exce/sior ‘Hessei’, Korean cal-
lery pear, Pyrus ca/leryana ‘Fauriei’, Aristocrat callery
pear, Pyrus calleryana ‘Aristocrat’, white cascade
flowering crabapple, Ma/us ‘White Cascade’, white
candle flowering crabapple, Ma/us ‘White Candle’, and
Malus ‘Snow Drift’.

Trees that grow to 35 or 40 feet are ‘Crimson
king maple, Acer platanoides ‘Crimson King’, Acer
rubrum ‘Autumn Flame’, autumn flame red maple,
Regent Japanese pagoda tree, Sophora japonica
‘Regent’, little leaf linden tree, 7//ia cordata ‘Chancel-
lor’.

Other cultivars are 7//ia cordata ‘Greenspire’, and
Tilia tomentosa, the silver linden.

These trees should be available through local gar-
den centers and nurseries by late October, once heavy
frosts have occurred. Trees should be planted by

10

properly preparing the digging area, mulching and
staking for winter protection.

REPLANTING PEONIES

This is an excellent time to replant peonies that
have failed to bloom or have become very large.
Roots should be dug, washed and cut into sections
with four or five eyes. Place them back into ground
which has been well prepared with superphosphate
added. Other late summer flowering perennials may
be divided at this time and mulched heavily for win-
ter protection. Late summer flowering shrubs, such as
the althaea and others, should be pruned to reshape
and remove some of the older stalks.

House plants should be prepared for moving in-
doors. Clean, cut back, repot if needed and spray for
insects and disease. The soil should be treated for
insects with the use of pyrethrum and diazinon,
watered into the soil. Move plants indoors gradually
over a period of a week to ten days. Accomplish the
move before the nights become too cool.

If attempting to flower poinsettias for Christmas,
make sure the plants are in good growing condition
and — about September 20 — place the plants in a
dark area from 7 p.m. until 8 a.m. Bring them out
into plenty of light during the day. It is important to
continue this program daily until the plants show
good color in the bracts.

Fall bulbs, such as tulips, daffodils, etc., should
be purchased early this month. The ground should be
prepared and planted in late September or early Octo-
ber for good bloom next spring, beds should be pre-
pared by working in plenty of superphosphate, plant-
ing bulbs to required depth and lightly mulching the
beds for winter protection.

— Robert J. Dingwall,
Chief Horticulturist

PLANTS ON SALE IN OCTOBER

The third annual Fall Plant Shop Sale will be held
on Saturday and Sunday, Oct. 1 and 2, offering great
savings to Members and the general public.

The largest selection of specimen and tropical
plants to be assembled at one time, under one roof,
will be found at this unique annual sale.

Plant Shop sale hours are 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Musi-
cal entertainment will be provided and there will be
attractions for children. The sale offers plantlovers a
chance to purchase plants and plant aids at double
the usual 10% Member's discount.

MINI-FLOWERS OF THE DESERT

Robert !. Gilbreath
The camera art of Robert |. Gilbreath — photo-

graphs of miniature flowers in full bloom but so tiny

they are dwarfed by the head of a pin — will be on

special display through September 25 in the lobby of

the John S. Lehmann Building.

This remarkable display, “‘Unseen Flowers of the

ture plants which grow only in the desert and are so
small that, according to Gilbreath, ‘‘few people have
ever heard of them and fewer still have ever seen
them.”

Gilbreath, of Hillsborough, California, has trav-
elled into the remote desert areas of the Western
United States and Mexico to photograph the flowers,
using the head of a seamstress’ pin in each picture to
indicate the almost microscopic size of the individual
buds.

The mini-flowers are complete in every respect,
says Gilbreath, and are fully as complicated as garden
flowers, even to the insects which live in, feed upon
and pollinate them. A retired rancher and industrial-
ist, Gilbreath discovered the mini-flowers by accident.

“Because | had been travelling in, around and
over the deserts for almost 50 years,’’ he said, ‘’| was
asked by The Nature Conservancy to be a consultant
to them on desert areas in which they might be inter-
ested. It was on a survey trip that | accidentally dis-
covered my first mini-flower, and we have been look-
ing for them ever since.

“We have driven more than 58,000 miles and ac-
cumulated 16 months in the deserts to find and pho-
tograph fewer than 100 separate species,” he added.

The display, open to the public, will be on exhibit

Desert,”

includes 57 full-color photographs of minia-

from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday through Friday.

MEMBERSHIPS — JULY 1977

HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES

Mr./Mrs. Howard F. Baer
Mr./Mrs, Joseph H. Bascom
Mr./Mrs. Watson K, Blair

Mrs. Irene C. Jones

Dr./Mrs. H. Kendig

Mrs. John S. Lehmann
Mr./Mrs. James S. McDonnell, Jr.
Mrs. Florence T. Morris

Mr. Spencer T. Olin

Mr./Mrs. W. R. Orthwein, Jr.
Mrs. Howard E. Ridgway
Mr./Mrs. Frederic M. Robinson
Mrs, Gladney Ross

Mr. S. C. Sachs

Mr./Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly
Mr./Mrs. Warren M. Shapleigh
Mr./Mrs. Sydney Shoenberg, Jr.
Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Sr.
Mr./Mrs. Tom K, Smith, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. C.C. Johnson Spink
Mrs. Hermann F. Spoehrer
Mrs. Ben H. Wells

DIRECTOR'S ASSOCIATES

Mr./Mrs. Alexander M. Bakewell
Mr. Clarence C. Barksdale

Mr. E. G. Cherbonnier

Mr./Mrs. August H. Hummert, II
Mr./Mrs. Eldridge Lovelace
Mr./Mrs. A. Timon Primm, III
Mr./Mrs. Roland Quest

Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Ridgway
Mr. Roy L. Tarter

Miss Harriet J. Tatman

Mr./Mrs. Harold E. Thayer

NEW MEMBERSHIPS
SUSTAINING
Mr./Mrs. Edmund A. Rau

CONTRIBUTING

Barry-Wehmiller Company
Mr./Mrs. Thomas Lewis, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. John Lutz, Jr.

NEW MEMBERSHIPS

Dr./Mrs. L. Cheung

Mr./Mrs. Glenn A. Christopher
Mr. Robert W. Conradi, Jr.
Mrs. Edward H. Cunliff

Mrs. Bernard F. Dickmann
Mr./Mrs. Donald Dill

Mrs. Roberta Dubuque

Ms. Tirzah P. Dunn

Mr./Mrs. F. M. Dudine
Mr./Mrs Ralph T. Eberts, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Martin Eckstein
Mr./Mrs. Benj. F. Edwards, III
Mr./Mrs. James D. Finch
Mr./Mrs. Clarence A. Fleer
Mr./Mrs. Melvin W. Fleer
Mr./Mrs. Roy L. Fleer
Mr./Mrs. Thomas J. Frawley
Miss Marie Freiberg

Mrs. Agnes Friedrich

Mr./Mrs. R. Edmond Fullerton
Mrs. Hazel H. Gilbert

Ms. Gong Shu

Mr./Mrs. George G. Granich
Mr./Mrs. James H. Green, Sr.

Ms. Priscilla Greene

Mrs. Norma Grogg
Mr./Mrs. Ben Grossman
Mr. Odisseus Hadijianasiou
Mr./Mrs. Clark S. Hall
Mrs. Martha P. Hardin
Mr./Mrs. Stanley W. Harris
Ms. Harriet A. Harryman
Mrs. Edna M. Heitgerd
Vera Hicks

Mr. Harold L. Gelsher
Miss Jacqueline L. Horton
Mr./Mrs. James A. Hebeli
Mr./Mrs. Leon Hurwitz
Ms. Evah Johnson
Mr./Mrs, Art Johnston
Mr./Mrs. Steven Johnston
Mr. Don Karsch

Ms. Rita Rose Kissner
Mr./Mrs. Edward J. Klefler
Mr./Mrs. R. G. Kohler

Mr. Barry Laiderman

Mr. Patrick J. Lampe
Mr./Mrs. Charles Lowenhaupt
Mr./Mrs. Paul L. Mack
Mr./Mrs. J. Thomas Manion
Mrs. E. Frank Martin

Miss Ann McGarry

Mrs. Leo E. Meyer

Mrs. Maureen V. Miller
Mr./Mrs. William Miller
Mrs. Tamara Ann Moffatt
Mr./Mrs. Charles V. Monaghan

Dr./Mrs. Terry Morgan
Miss Elizabeth E. Moses
Mr./Mrs. Noel Moss

Mr. Armond Naeper
Mr./Mrs. Paul W. Newhouse
Mr. Lawrence J. Offner
Mr./Mrs. Jeff Olson
Mr./Mrs. Richard B. Olson
Mrs. Mary Oscko

Mr. John S. Pillsbury
Mr./Mrs. Jonathan Ries
Ms. Nancy B. Richard
Mrs. Pauline Riddle

Mr. William C, Risberg
Mr./Mrs. H. Wm. Robert
Mr./Mrs. Alvin Rockwell
Mrs. Ralph H. Roehrs

Mr. Keith Rudolph
Mr./Mrs. Chester W. Rull
Dr./Mrs. J. V. Santiago
Mr./Mrs. Homer E. Sayad
Mr./Mrs. J. Schmidt
Mr./Mrs. Aaron Schneider
Mr./Mrs. Phillip Schreiber
Ms, Linda Schumacher
Mr. Virgil J. Schwable
Mr./Mrs. Joseph Sedey
Mr. George J. Shmagranoff
Monsignor John A. Shocklee
Mr./Mrs. DeVere C. Shoop
Mr./Mrs. Jerry L. Sills
Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Smith
Dr./Mrs. Jacob P. Sosna

Member of
The Arts and Education
Fund of Greater St.Louis

11

Mr. /Mrs. John J. Stevens
Rabbi/Mrs. Jeffrey Stiffman
Miss Eva Stringer

Mr./Mrs. Keith Stroup

Ms. Marcella Stubits

Lt. Col./Mrs. Thomas R. Swisher
Ms. Susal Teel

Mr./Mrs. George W. Terneus

Ms. Barbara J. Thomas

Mrs. Leona M. Thompson

Miss Therese Travers

Mr./Mrs. Jerry Waelterman
Mr./Mrs. Sheldon R. Weinberg
Mr./Mrs. Thomas F. Wheeler
Miss Cecelia Winter

Mrs. Olivia Witte

Mr./Mrs. W. M. Wolfe
Mr./Mrs. R. D. Wolk

Mr./Mrs. J. Clifford Woody

INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIP
SUSTAINING

Judd/Sharron Belson
Mr./Mrs. Edwin M. Johnston

CONTRIBUTING
Mr./Mrs. Malcolm A. Bliss
Mr./Mrs. Joseph W. Boyle
Mr./Mrs. John M. Darnton
Mrs. Maralyn L. Drennan

Dr. Joseph W. Eads
Mr./Mrs. Vernon Goedecke
Mrs. A. C. Ingersoll
Mr./Mrs. Clayton Johnson
Dr./Mrs. D. M. Keefe
Mr./Mrs. James W. Liddell
Mr./Mrs. Henry McCluney
Mrs. Henry L. Meier
Mr./Mrs. George Musso
Mr./Mrs. E. M. Schwarz
Mrs. Norman Schaumburg

JULY TRIBUTES

In Honor of Mrs. Elmer D. Abramson’s Birthday
Mr./Mrs. Milton Kushkin
Mr./Mrs. Walter J. Skranka

In Honor of Mr. Howard Baer’s 75th Birthday
Jane Jacobs
Mr./Mrs. John E. Simon

In Honor of Dr. and Mrs. Anthony F. Catanzaro’s
35th Anniversary
Dr. /Mrs. Seymour Brown

In Honor of the Birthday of Mrs. W. N. Eisendrath, Jr.

Mr./Mrs. Jay G. Rice

In Honor of Mr./Mrs. William J. Hedley’s
50th Anniversary
Doris and Ear! Bumiller

In Honor of Mr. Robert Nagel
Town & Country South Garden Club

In Honor of Mr./Mrs. J. Sandweiss’s
25th Anniversary
Mr./Mrs. Ellis C. Littmann

In Honor of Mrs. Leonard Strauss’s Birthday
Liz and Joe Ruwitch

In Memory of Henry Belz
Carol and Frank Flotken

In Memory of Mrs. Lon B. Claypool’s Birthday
Vi Taylor

In Memory of Mrs. Anna Connors
David and Jan Smith

In Memory of Mrs. Fred Doenges
Dorothy A. Brockhoff

In Memory of Lisa Gallaway
Mr./Mrs. Doglas F. Newman

In Memory of Withnell Hager
Mrs. Robert E. Meyer

In Memory of Mrs. Marvin F. Hamilton
Clayton Garden Club No. 2

In Memory of Mrs. Herman J. Hinsman
Mr./Mrs. Clark M. Driemeyer
Helen and Karl Hoffmann

In Memory of Carolyn Jacobsmeyer
Helen and Karl Hoffmann

In Memory of Dr. Robert W. Kelley
Elizabeth G. Brokaw
Helen W. Hoffmann

In Memory of Dr. Frederick A. Kramer
Mr./Mrs. Tom S. Eakin, Jr.

Mr./Mrs. Elmer G. Kiefer

Mrs. Robert E. Meyer

Mr./Mrs, G. F. Newhard

In Memory of Mr. Albert B. Lambert, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Harry Wuertenbaecher, Jr.

In Memory of Mr. Emmanuel P. Leontsinis

Mr./Mrs. J. Torrey Berger, Jr.

In Memory of L’rene C. Life
Charlotte B. Leu

In Memory of Blanche S. Marx
Mrs. Elmer D. Abramson

In Memory of Robert Mathes
Mrs. Elmber D. Abramson

In Memory of Edward A. Nierman
Mr./Mrs. Albert C. Grimm

In Memory of Mr. Fred A. Rauch, Sr.
Mr./Mrs. Vern H. Knisely

In Memory of Mr. Roy N. Schoening
Marguerite and Harriet Bick

Mrs. John M. Bowlin

Mr./Mrs. Stanley Hanks

Mrs. C. H. Holekamp

Mildred and Louis Holtmeyer

Mrs. Charles J. Kelly

Lola, Kerry and Curt Kohring

Helen and Mary Kreuger

Mrs. Kenneth Phillips

Mrs. Russell Schaumburg

Mr./Mrs. Joseph S. Stern, Jr.

Mrs. David G. Teasdale and David, Jr.
Alfred C. Vyver

Mr./Mrs. Harold C. Walters

Mr./Mrs. W. D. Wheeler

In Memory of Herman Sperber
Helen and Karl Hoffmann

In Memory of Mrs. G. Carroll Stribling
Edward W. Brightwell

In Memory of Mrs. J. Edgar Taylor
Albert and Virginia Wenthe

In Memory of Mrs. Thomas Ashley Taylor
Mrs./Mrs. Warren Boecklen

In Memory of Audry Wagner
Ronald and Zilla Pohle

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

2345 Tower Grove Avenue
Saint Louis, Missouri 63110

SECOND CLASS
POSTAGE

PAID
AT ST. LOUIS, MO.

Missouri
Botanical
Garden
Bulletin

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Trelease’s ats! 7
Larkspur, Par Wa J
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Garden Campaign
Off and Running

Aided by major contributions from the Monsanto
Fund and the Ralston Purina Trust Fund, the Gar-
den’s capital improvement campaign ts well on its
way toward achieving its $6 million goal.

The Monsanto Fund grant, totalling $250,000, is
the largest contribution thus far committed to the
campaign, launched August 3 to raise funds for out-
door improvements and major capital construction at
the Garden. The Ralston Purina Trust Fund gift,
$130,000, brought total receipts during the first
month of the campaign to more than $1.5 million.

Meanwhile, Campaign Chairman Robert R.
Hermann announced the successful enrollment of the
Campaign committee. Members include:

— Tom K. Smith, Jr., group vice president/opera-
tions staff and member of the Board of Directors of
Monsanto, and a Garden Trustee, appointed advanced
gifts chairman for the campaign;

— William R. Orthwein Jr., a director of McDon-
nell Douglas Corporation, president of McDonnell
Douglas Automation Company and a Garden Trustee,
appointed major gifts chairman;

— Clarence C. Barksdale, chairman and chief exec-
utive officer of First National Bank in St. Louis and a
Garden Trustee, appointed major corporate co-chair-
man;

— Warren M. Shapleigh, president of Ralston
Purina Company, and a Garden Trustee appointed
major Corporate co-chairman;

— A. Timon Primm III, vice president and general
manager of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, and a Garden
Trustee, appointed general solicitation chairman;

— Daniel L. Schlafly, chairman of Arkansas Bever-
age Company and a Garden Trustee, appointed gen-
eral corporate chairman.

The Monsanto Fund grant was announced jointly
by Mr. Hermann and Dr. William F. Symes, president
of the Fund, the philanthropic arm of Monsanto

Dr. William F. Symes, left, president of the Monsanto Fund, presents
$250,000 contribution to Robert R. Hermann, chairman of the Gar-
den‘s $6 million development drive.

Company. The grant was made, Dr. Symes said, in the
interest of ‘upgrading the cultural opportunities of
St. Louis.

“We feel the Missouri Botanical Garden plays a
vital and prominent role in the St. Louis area, and
community support for this world-renowned institu-
tion is essential,’” added Dr. Symes. ‘’Its research pro-
grams, dealing mainly with tropical plants, indirectly
affect the lives of millions of people.

“Its effects on the neighborhood and on tourism
in St. Louis are outstanding. Monsanto Fund is
pleased and proud to be able to take part in such a
worthwhile and unique activity.”

J.P. Baird of the Ralston Purina Trust Fund, in
announcing the Trust Fund grant, said, ‘‘We recog-
nize the high community value of the Missouri Botan-
ical Garden’s programs and we are pleased to partici-
pate in its campaign.

“There are only a few cultural institutions that
are as broad in scope, or as dedicated to high stan-
dards in education, research and display.”

(Continued on Page 2)

Volume LXV Number 10
October 1977

CAMPAIGN OFF AND RUNNING...

(Continued from Page 1)

Another high point in the campaign has been the
response of the Garden staff, which has pledged more
than $18,000 to the fund-raising effort — an average
gift of about $220 and more than twice the total con-
tributed by employees during the 1969 drive.

“If (employee response) is any indication,’ said
Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director, ‘‘we should have
no problem reaching the $6 million goal.”

H. E. Wuertenbaecher, Jr., vice president/Cus-
tomer Service for Union Electric Company, a Garden
Trustee and general chairman of the 1969 campaign,
addressed the Garden staff when the employee drive
was launched at an August 25 meeting.

‘The general public believes the Missouri Botani-
cal Garden is a great community asset,’’ he said.
“When it is demonstrated that the employees are in
support of the campaign drive by making their own
pledge, the general public cannot help but respond
with supportive pledges.

‘“‘In a single week following that challenge, Gar-
den employees provided their demonstration of sup-
port,’’ said Dr. Raven.

The major goal of the campaign is a building to
house the educational programs, visitor orientation
facilities, and a new enlarged floral display hall. Other
components include a building to house all of the
Garden’s support services, a new garden feature south
of the education building, and expanded parking ac-
commodations.

This is only the second capital campaign in the
Garden’s history. It was conceived as the final phase
of a Master Plan, initiated in 1972, which has resulted
in a near doubling of all activities.

During the past five years, the display houses have
been renovated and the collections enlarged; the
Anne L. Lehmann Rose Garden and the 14-acre Japa-
nese Garden have been created; the Shoenberg and
the Shapleigh Fountains have been constructed;
and a start has been made on refurbishing and restor-
ing the Garden’s architectural treasures.

In the same period, attendance has doubled to
more than 350,000 visitors annually, membership has
climbed from 2,000 to more than 9,000 and the num-
ber taking part in the broad range of educational
program has exceeded 40,000 annually.

Members—New Gate Procedure

Because of the recent installation of a new data
control system at the main gate, Members must now
pause to obtain a ticket. There is still no charge for
Members, however. The purpose of this change is to
assist us in gathering statistics, improving traffic flow,
and providing information necessary to upgrade fu-
ture programs. Please have patience while we perfect
the new system.

2

A Rave Notice

The following letter has been reprinted with the
permission of the author. It speaks for itself.

July 31, 1977

Dear Mr. Goudy,

Last year | had the great pleasure of experi-
encing with my nephew the family event at the
Shaw Arboretum through the Pitzman Nature
Program. As a teacher and a human being | was
very much impressed by the experiences we had
during the program. So much so that | became a
Garden member — something that | had con-
sidered doing for a long time but had just not
gotten around to doing. Any place and anyone
who does something as fantastic as this has to be
supported. Yes, | bought the ACC book and
went to the Steve Van Matre workshop this
spring. | am both personally and professionally
interested.

Between /ast summer and this we have been
frequent visitors, taking along various family
members, friends, and groups with which |
work. This summer | signed both my four-year-
old niece and my (“Can we go back to the Ar-
boretum again?”’) nephew for Pitzman Nature
Programs — Sense of Wonder and Natural
Awareness. The kids and / are among the Mis-
sour! Botanical Gardens most enthusiastic boost-
ers. Please, please continue and expand these
programs for the benefit of the adults as well as
the children. Do you have any idea what it Is
like to rediscover “‘magic’’at the hardened, worri-
some age of 29?

One last thing before you put this down. |
have some good things to say about your Staff,
especially of the Shaw Arboretum. They are
kind, patient, and knowing people who are
much appreciated by the children and adults in
these programs. | would be doing them a disser-
vice (f their names were not included in this let-
ter: Harold Grams, Tracy Goudy, Bob Rund-
quist (forgive me if | misspelled it, Bob), Bill and
Kathy Davit, Gary (whose last name | wouldn’t
come close to doing justice) [Winzenburger] and
especially John Katzel because through this sum-
mer my niece, Angela, and my nephew, Guy
Robert, have come to regard him as much a part
of the Shaw Arboretum as the elements, the
plants, and the animals. He could understand
our hugging that homely old pine by the Desert
House every time we come to visit. Take good
care of our tree, Mr. Goudy, until we get back to
hug him.

Sincerely,

Wanda F. Kuni

Letters from Members are welcomed and will be
reprinted as space permits.

St. Louis Firm Goes ‘Delicate’ To Construct

Japanese Garden

Jim Casper, Professor
Koichi Kawana and Karl
Pettit /// direct place-
ment of rocks for Cho-
on-Baku waterfall in
Japanese Garden.

“We usually just excavate thousands of yards of
dirt, lay a parking lot and we’re done. But the Garden
was much more delicate,’’ said Jim Casper.

Jim is one of two sons of Harold Casper, the
other being Timothy. The Caspers placed a bid and
received a contract in November, 1974, to excavate
the 4.5 acre lake which is now the center of the
largest Japanese Garden in North America.

The new Garden occupies a 13.5 acre tract, has
two waterfalls, four islands, pathways, bridges, and
dry gardens. Professor Koichi Kawana, lecturer in en-
vironmental design and landscape architecture at
UCLA, designed the Garden; Karl Pettit Ill of Eugene
J. Mackey and Associates, St. Louis served as project
manager.

But Harold Casper and Sons of 745 Regina
Avenue in St. Louis, had to figure out how to build
It.

No one in St. Louis had ever built a Japanese
Garden before, and even though Casper and Sons
worked closely with the designer, ingenious construc-
tion methods had to be devised. They admit that the
construction demanded an understanding of the pro}-
ect and participation that is not usually required on a
job. After the lake excavation, the Caspers were hired
to continue working on the project.

“Because of the nature of the work, it is impor-
tant to keep the same company once rapport and
understanding are established,’’ said Kawana.

“In the beginning it was a little difficult to under-

“ut

stand what Kawana was after,’’ admits Casper. ‘‘He
would show us sketches of what it should look like or
try to explain. It took us a while to understand his
mind’s eye and to get our thoughts coordinated, but
it wasn’t a problem for long.”’

“We have an excellent working relationship and
can create something beautiful because of it,’’ said
Kawana on a recent visit.

Koichi Kawana was present for many of the
major projects, but when he wasn’t there they were
built to his specifications and awaited his approval.

“Sometimes we were right and other times we
had to redo it. He knew the effect he wanted and it
was our job to figure out how to do it,”’ said Jim.
Casper cited the construction of the Rangui posts
along the lake’s edge as a typical example. ‘‘We knew
what they should look like but had to figure out a
way to put them there and keep them there. But as
long as we got the visual result, we were successful.”

“Casper and Sons is an interested firm. They
think out problems in the field and have a sense of
responsibility to the Garden. They also offered sound
advice on how best to do the task,’’ says Karl Pettit,
the project manager.

The construction of the first waterfall was the
most challenging project for Tim Casper. Kawana
wanted a stream that turned into a three-tier waterfall

(Continued on Page 4)

3

JAPANESE GARDEN CONSTRUCTION ...

that should remind the viewer of heaven. Each of the
three stones weighed between 15 and 18 tons and had
to be lowered and sometimes raised back up to fit the
hillside.

“The placement had to be perfect because it af-
fects the sound of the fall,’ said Tim Casper. ‘‘We
knew what the finished fall should look like but we
had to improvise ways of anchoring and cutting out
the rocks. Many ways didn’t work and we had to
devise more ways,” said Jim.

Finally, they constructed three concrete retaining
walls six feet high and 18 feet long, and the big rocks
were cemented to them in a way that makes an artifi-
cial structure look natural. They even threw handfuls
of gravel onto wet concrete to give the base a natural
look. ‘If people saw us they would have thought we
had cracked up”, said Casper.

A Japanese Garden is symbolic and the placement
of everything is vital. Kawana insisted on certain
things being in certain places so the viewer could see
only part of something and had to move on to ex-
plore the rest.

The Garden has four islands; on one stands an
authentic Japanese teahouse, a gift to the State of
Missouri from the Nagano Prefecture of Japan, Mis-
souri’s sister state, which can be approached by a
bridge. Tortoise Island and Crane Island are consid-
ered sacred and have no access. The Caspers had to
place the islands properly. It was important for the
viewer to see the head and back of a turtle when they
viewed Tortoise Island. The pine trees on Crane
Island look like crane wings when viewed from the
second waterfall. Paradise Island is a 22-ton stone
that required two highlifts for balance while being
set in place and then mortared by stone masons.

The second waterfall, called Cho-on-Baku, is near-
ing completion and will be single-tiered to create a
tidal sound. It will be more dramatic than the first.
Again the stones must be placed perfectly to get the
desired sound.

“A great deal of planning went into the Garden
and many people don’t understand the work,’’ said
Pettit. ‘“The second waterfall is nearing completion
and basically all we need are the plantings on Alfred
Avenue and then just time for the Garden to grow;
the plants need to get bigger, moss needs to grow on
rocks and America needs to learn to understand a
traditional Japanese Garden.

“‘The Japanese Garden will help knit a bond for
worldly understanding and will give us a chance to
understand another culture.”

The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is pub-
lished 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical
Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110.
Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year.
$6.00 foreign.

Accolades to the
Garden Gate Shop

A study of sales figures of the Garden Gate Shop
for the past two years, conducted by Stanley J.
Goodman, has been concluded. The results, according
to Mr. Goodman, reveal that ‘‘in the small space avail-
able, the sales are three times better than a good de-
partment store gift department and twice as good as a
good gift shop in a shopping center.”’

Congratulations are in order for all involved. The
buying committee is composed of the following: Mar-
garet Baldwin (Mrs. E.S.); Sue Chalfant (Mrs. H.F.);
Betty Freeman (Mrs. C.W.); Celeste Lipscomb (Mrs.
J.D.); and Betty Sims (Mrs. W.A., Jr.)

Countless hours are given by this committee and
the many devoted volunteers who staff the shop on a
regular basis. Marilyn Svejkosky is the paid manager
of the Garden Gate Shop.

Congratulations to all of you for the superb per-
formance record.

NEW GIFT ITEMS

The buying committee has just returned from a
very successful trip to New York. Plants were found
to remain high priority items in the home decorating
field with emphasis on natural containers of an in-
formal nature. Oriental designs prevail on the formal
side. Our Japanese Garden provides a timely focal
point for the lovely oriental collection purchased,
which includes cachepots, ashtrays, lamps, linens and
many more lovely appointments.

Several holidays are approaching so keep in mind
that the shop will feature delightful ceramic jack-o-
lanterns and mosaic window hangings for Halloween.
Also, mark your calendar for the annual Christmas
Gift Preview, November 2 and 3.

Dr. Raven Receives
Certificate of Merit

The Botanical Society of America selected Dr.
Peter H. Raven, Garden director, as recipient of a
Certificate of Merit. The society held its annual meet-
ing at Michigan State University in East Lansing on
August 24, 1977. The award reads as follows: ‘‘In
recognition of distinguished achievement in and con-
tributions to the advancement of Botanical Science.
In recognition of his excellent contributions to angio-
sperm biogeography and to the systematics and gen-
eral biology of the Onagraceace as well as his out-
standing success in both teaching and administra-
tion.’

Dr. Raven is a past president of the society. Other
recipients of the Certificates of Merit were: Dr. Sher-
win Carlquist, student of plants and animals of islands
and of plant anatomy of the Rancho Santa Ana Bo-
tanic Garden, Claremont, California; and Dr. Rogers
McVaugh, student of Mexican plants, of the Univer-
sity of Michigan.

Lotus Bed ts Latest Feature

One of the latest features in the new Japanese
Garden is the lotus garden, a planting of sixty lotus
plants consisting of four varieties. Included are
double large white, white with red edges, double and
single pink. One variety is quite fragrant.

The lotus, according to Zen Buddhist philoso-
phy, is a symbol of purity since it blossoms as a pure
white (or pink) flower even when emerging from the
mud,

The lotus bed was contributed to the Japanese
Garden by four longtime members of the Garden: Dr.
and Mrs. Allen B. Shopmaker and Mr. and Mrs.
Donald J. Sher, in memory of another longstanding
friend and former Life Member of the Garden, Hazel
O. Wallach.

Mrs. Wallach was well-known for her Garden in-
terests and activities. In addition, as a member of the
University City School system for over a quarter of a
century, she nurtured generations of students. Her
husband, the late Jacob Wallach, also a Life Member
of the Garden, was a Latin teacher at Beaumont High
School in St. Louis.

It was through Mr. and Mrs. Wallach’s interest and
generosity that both the Shopmakers and the Shers
were introduced to Shaw’s Garden and were given
Life Memberships. It is fitting recognition of Mrs.
Wallach that the Garden she loved so much and per-
suaded so many others to love and support now con-
tains in its latest outdoor development, the Japanese : 3 .

: : : Lotus flowers in the lotus garden, newest feature of the Japanese
Garden, a lovely, symbolic growing feature in her Paina
memory.

Giant Cacti
of the Americas

From October 15 through November 13, the Gar-
den will present an exhibit of over 30 giant cacti
which are native to California, the West Indies and
south to Argentina.

Among the plants on display will be saguros,
senitas, totem-pole cacti, giant-clubs, organ-pipe cacti,
old-men-of-the-mountain, torch-cacti, Peruvian apple
cacti, Mexican giant barrels, golden barrels, and fish-
hook cacti.

Large specimens will be featured as they grow
throughout the naturalistic setting of the Desert
House, immediately south of the Climatron, while
small, immature individual plants will be exhibited in
the Lad Cutak memorial cases at the west end of the
Desert House.

Written information focusing on historical and
ecological aspects of these succulent giants will ac-
company the display.

Torch cactus, Cereus validus, /s one of the giant cacti on display in the
Desert House. Mrs. Gene Jarvis, volunteer, gives perspective to the giant
specimen.

Steinberg Touch Makes Arboretum Grow

The story of Frank Steinberg and the story of the
Shaw Arboretum have been inextricably intertwined
since 1927. The month of August marked the 50th
anniversary of Frank’s association with the Arbore-
tum. He has been on the Arboretum staff since he
came from a nearby farming community where he
grew up. His intelligence and integrity have played an
important role in the development of the Arboretum
since its inception.

Frank Steinberg

When the Arboretum was first formed from five
separate farms, consultants were brought in to devel-
op a master plan and make recommendations. There
was one serious flaw in the planned recommendations
and that was that none of the staff or consultants was
familiar with the Ozarks. Plans were drawn up with

little knowledge of the violence and variability of the
local climate, the problems of run-off after cloud-
bursts and the complex interrelationships of forest
and grasslands. It was here that Frank used his farm-
boy knowledge of the Gray Summit hills, fields and
streams as well as his common sense. He came to
understand in effect, what not to do.

Frank had watched the Meramec in full flood,
bridges wash away, tile culverts destroyed, plantings
perish. He used all of these experiences to help con-
serve and develop the beauty and scientific usefulness
of the Arboretum.

The entire Steinberg family became involved in
these efforts. Mrs. Steinberg helped maintain some of
the plantings in addition to performing telephone
duties. Vernon Steinberg, as a high school student
during four summers, helped develop some of the
unique trails. Gladys, the daughter, worked as a secre-
tary to August Beilmann, an early superintendent of
the Arboretum. Frank served as superintendent from
the 1950s until 1970.

On August 23, the staff gave a surprise party to
honor Frank for his 50 years of service. Tom K.
Smith, President, wrote a letter on behalf of the
Board of Trustees. It read, in part:

“Thanks to your talent and devotion the
Shaw Arboretum is a superb example of Mis-
souri’s heritage and offers to the public an op-
portunity to view at /ts best the beauty and
charm of nature. [f Henry Shaw were alive to-
day, he would rise and toast Frank Steinberg for
fulfilling his dreams!”

The Arboretum has indeed been fortunate to have the
Steinbergs.

Fall Education Classes, Arboretum Events Scheduled

Two classes in plant propagation will be offered
for the beginner. One course consists of four sessions
beginning Thursday evening, October 6, from 7 to
8:30 p.m. The principles and techniques most needed
for home horticulture will be emphasized.

The other plant propagation class is a one-day
workshop on Tuesday, October 18, 10 a.m. to 3 p.m.
Practical experience in taking and handling of cut-
tings will be gained by participants.

“Landscaping the Home Grounds,’”’ an introduc-
tion to the principles of effectively and suitably using
plant materials to enhance the appearance of the
home, will be offered in two sessions. One will be on
Thursday afternoons, beginning October 6; the other
will be Thursday evenings starting on the same dates
and continuing for five sessions.

A workshop for teachers on the ‘‘Deserts of
North America’ will be given twice: October 24,
4:30 to 7 p.m. or November 1, 4:30 to 7:30 p.m. In

6

addition to classroom instruction, the class will play a
desert survival game and visit the Garden's Desert
House. Please register in advance by calling the Edu-
cation Department.

The “Autumn Wildflower Walks’ at Shaw Ar-
boretum continue through October. There is no
charge other than Arboretum admission.

The exciting new program ‘‘Natural Awareness

for Adults’’ will be offered at the Arboretum Satur-
day and Sunday, October 1 and 2. The ‘‘touch of
nature’ approach will enable you to gain a closer,
contact with the natural world. Your sensory percep-
tions will be sharpened and you will develop a per-
sonal relationship with the out-of-doors. Though an
overnight camping experience is involved, this is not
the strenuous approach.

For information and reservations, please call
772-7600, extension 81.

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Winners in the recent
Henry Shaw Cactus
Society Show display
their trophies, from
left, Jules Campbell,
show judge; Betty
Demzik, first place;
Dorothy We/stz, second;
Sophie Becker, third.

A group of Japanese young
people, the Eighth Delega-
tion of Experimentors,
visit the Garden for
luncheon and a tour. After
a month’s travel in the
United States, the group
returns to Japan to serve
as ambassadors promoting
understanding between

the two cultures.

Annual Fall Show

Mark your calendars for the Annual Fall Show
which begins October 22 and continues through No-
vember 13.

Members are invited to attend the preview of the
Fall Extravaganza Flower Show on Friday evening,
October 21 from 5:00 to 7:30 p.m., in the Floral
Display House. The party is being sponsored by The
Shop for Pappagallo and will feature informal model-
ing, music by Larry Mantese and refreshments.

The show will feature single stem mums in white,
yellow, bronze and pink in several flowering types.
There will be baskets and cascading mums providing
riots of color. Don’t miss the Fall Extravaganza!

The Fall Show has been made possible through Joni Duggins, left, special events, portrays a visitor from outer space for
the assistance of the Missouri Arts Council. a Garden education session, the “Green Machine Experience.”

7

The Herbarium and Library: What a Grant Can Do

Recognizing the great national and international
importance of the collections contained in the
Garden's Herbarium and Library, the National
Science Foundation in 1972 awarded a grant to help
support these collections.

The purpose of the grant, which was awarded for
the period 1 May 1972 through 30 April 1977 and
totalled over $680,000, was to improve the condition
of the collections, make them more readily available
to scientists who use them in their research, and help
support the growth of the collections by providing
aid for processing newly-acquired collections.

At the start of the grant period the collections
were still in the process of being moved from the
overcrowded, antiquated quarters which they had
occupied since 1908 in the Administration Building,
to the newly-completed John S. Lehmann Building.
At that time the Herbarium collections amounted to
more than 2.1 million plants mounted and stored in
the cabinets, but there was a backlog of more than
150,000 unmounted plants in dead storage. Further-
more, the few plants which were being mounted at
that time were not being properly stored, since the
cabinets in the Administration Building were full and
could hold no additional material. Plants were being
stored in cardboard boxes piled high atop the metal
cabinets. Manpower supporting the herbarium
collections amounted to six people.

The grant allowed the Garden to hire several new
plant mounters, new technicians to help file and
retrieve plants, and two new curators and a plant
identifier to help in the large task of identifying a
backlog of undetermined material. During the period
of the grant all of the backlog was mounted and filed
in the collection. Thus these plants, many of which
had been unavailable for many years, are now
available for study by the Garden's scientists and
others. A measure of the tremendous activity in the
Herbarium during this five-year period is reflected in
some of the statistics which were compiled during
that time. The number of plants mounted during the
grant period was about 339,000; an additional 20,000
were repaired. Nearly 320,000 new acquisitions were
made during this period, consisting of 86,000
purchases, 119,000 exchanges received, 43,000 gifts,
and 70,000 staff collections. The figures for pur-
chases and staff collections do not include duplicates,
thus the total number of new plants coming into the
Herbarium is well over half a million. The duplicates
are used in the exchange program to receive
additional new material. Most of the 43,000 gifts
were received in exchange for the Garden’s scientific
staff returning determinations to the collectors. This
is one of the important services which we provide to
scientists around the country and around the world
who need to know the names of the plants which
they are studying.

8

Nearly 1,000 visitors came to St. Louis to use the
Herbarium collections, more than 100 of these from
foreign countries. Another way the collection is used
is through lending specimens to other institutions.
During the grant period, more than 85,000 specimens
were loaned, 68,000 of these going to institutions in
the United States and 17,000 to foreign institutions.
These 85,000 specimens were sent out in 850
separate shipments, of which 300 were sent for gradu-
ate student study. The awarding of this grant
benefited the research staff here at the Garden, by
making the collections more readily available for their
study. However, the grant did not directly support
any research. It supported the resources which are
necessary for the kinds of research which we do. It is
also important to point out that the grant greatly
benefited researchers around the country and around
the world, as indicated in the statistics concerning
loans and visitors mentioned above. The Garden is the
caretaker of a tremendous scientific resource, and has
the responsibility to make this resource available to
all qualified researchers. Recognizing the need to
keep these specimens, many of which were collected
on National Science Foundation research grants,
available to the scientific community, the National
Science Foundation has generously supplemented the
Garden’s own support of the collections.

The Library at the Garden, itself an internation-
ally known collection, also benefited from the grant.
Many of the older journals in the Library had never
been case bound, and because of this had greatly
deteriorated through years of use. The grant provided
funds to have many of these older journals bound for
the first time and to have others repaired.

We are now happy to announce that this program
of support by the National Science Foundation has
been extended for an additional three years, at the
level of approximately $150,000 per year. This
continued support assures that we will be able to
continue to mount newly acquired material, thus
making it quickly available to our own and other
scientists.

Volunteer Contribution

The time, effort, and devotion of our many faith-
ful volunteers cannot be represented by a mere count-
ing of hours. However, the time spent does reflect an
impressive total. For example, from January 1
through June 30, 1977, 6,777 hours were logged in:
horticulture, 5,076 in Garden Gate Shop and Tower
Grove House, 3,353 in Herbarium and Library. The
grand total of 22,021 hours for the period, amassed
by volunteers working in almost all areas of the Gar-
den and Arboretum, is an impressive total.

This time and effort could not be replaced in any
way. Our thanks to all.

Trelease’s Larkspur

Noted botanical illustrator Keith West has exe-
cuted a drawing of Trelease’s Larkspur. A limited
number of prints are on sale at the Garden Gate
Shop, and limited edition prints signed and numbered
by the artist are to be given as special gifts to all new
Henry Shaw Associates.

Keith West

Keith West was at the Garden collaborating with
Tamra Raven and Peter Raven, Garden director, ona
research project. He is, in addition, illustrator of the
Ravens’ book, The Genus Epilobium (Onagraceac) in
Australasia: a systemic and evolutionary study. West
is staff artist for the Department of Scientific and
Industrial Research in Christchurch, New Zealand.

During his visit to the Garden, West, Dr. Paul
Redfearn, (botanist from Southeast Missouri State
University), Arthur Christ (noted local amateur
botanist), and David Goudy (director of Public Ser-
vices at the Garden) spent several days in the south-
western part of the state locating specimens of this
plant. West spent time sketching on the site, and
several specimens were brought back with the permis-
sion of the Department of Conservation, for further
study. After completing the drawings, West super-
vised the printing to be certain that color tones were
correct. Trelease’s Larkspur is of importance for a
number of reasons: this attractive perennial was
named after the first director of the Garden following
Henry Shaw, William Trelease; the growing range is
limited to southwestern Missouri and adjacent Arkan-
sas; and though not officially listed as endangered
either nationally or in Missouri, it is rare and should
be protected. One in ten of the plants of the conti-
nental United States is at least as rare and local as
Trelease’s Larkspur, and only continued vigilance will
save them for future generations to study and enjoy.

Dr. Raven is active in international circles re-
garding the global problem of endangered species and
especially the role of botanical gardens in addressing
this problem. The issue of the prints here at the Gar-
den emphasizes this role.

‘Ascent of Man’ Film
Series Continues

The films are being shown at 10:30 a.m. and 8:00
p.m. in the auditorium of the Lehmann Building as
follows:

October 5 Music of the Spheres

Note: there will be no 10:30 a.m. showing of the film.

October 12
October 19
October 26

November 2

The Starry Messenger
The Majestic Clockwork
The Drive for Power
The Ladder of Creation
November 9 World Within World
November 16
November 23 Generation Upon Generation

November 30 The Long Childhood
The book Ascent of Man, by Jacob Bronowski, is
available in the hardback edition for $17.50 and in
paperback for $8.95 in the Garden Gate Shop.

Knowledge or Certainty

Elizabeth
Kirkbride

* iy

Elizabeth U. Kirkbride, longtime friend of the
Garden and a Garden volunteer, died on Sunday, July
24, 1977. She had played many roles in her years of
service at Shaw’s Garden, including a period of service
as president of the Women’s Association of the Gar-
den. Upon her retirement from that position in 1961,
she was presented with a new hybrid orchid named in
her honor.

Among her many other activities, she was presi-
dent of the Ladue Garden Club and later chairman of
the Historical Committee of Tower Grove House.

Mrs. Jerome F. Kircher came to know Mrs. Kirk-
bride during the construction of the Climatron and
she subsequently was involved with the fund-raising
campaign for the Lehmann Building. Mrs. Kircher
said of Mrs. Kirkbride: ‘“Anything she could do to
help the Garden, she was always willing and able.”
Dr. Hugh Cutler said that she and her husband were
involved and most helpful in the restoration of the
Museum.

Mrs. Kirkbride is survived by a son, Roger Kirk-
bride; a sister, Mrs. Ralph E. Johnston; a brother,
William Upthegrove; and two grandchildren, all of the
St. Louis area.

9

Gardening in St. Louis

October should be a very busy month tor the
gardener, with many chores to be done before the
winter weather sets in. The work done now will reap
benefits next spring. This is a good time to thorough-
ly clean the garden by removing any weed growth.
This can be removed and placed in the compost pile,
which should now be started fresh with a good coarse
layer of material at the bottom of about one foot,
followed with about one foot of fine material, alter-
nating back and forth. After each layer is placed on
top and firmed in, it should be well watered so it is
thoroughly moist. Place some old compost on each
layer to introduce the bacteria which will hasten the
decay.

The vegetable garden should now begin to pay off
as far as late planting is concerned. With the cooler
weather, many vegetables will now be maturing and
will add greatly to the menu. The earlier vegetables,
which have now finished, should be carefully re-
moved, areas dug over, plenty of organic matter
added, and ground left rough to over-winter. Ground
thoroughly prepared now, with a good mulch piled
over top, will provide an ideal area for planting next
spring. The first crops should go in sometime during
the month of February or early March at the latest.

INSECT CONTROL

Check the garden regularly for insect control, as
aphids can be active in cooler weather, particularly
among members of the cabbage family. Occasional
sprayings will be needed to keep these under control.
Also, be on the alert for slugs.

Lawns which were seeded early last month will
benefit by another feeding of 12-12-12 fertilizer dur-
ing the second or third week of October. Using fertili-
zer at this time will help to get grass established. Also
lawns should be cut at regular intervals, removing
one-third of the growth each time they are cut.
Mowers can now be set down to one and one-half to
two inches. Leaves will be falling rapidly and should
be raked off the lawn to prevent accumulation. If the
leaves are run over with the mower they can be raked
up and placed in the compost pile where they will
begin to decompose fairly rapidly. Lawn areas which
were seeded in early September can now have herbi-
cide applied in the middle of the month, if perennial
weeds are a problem. It is best to use 2-4-D with
Silvex to bring these under control. Apply the herbi-
cide as recommended on the container early in the
day when there is little or no wind to avoid drifting
onto other plants. Seeding in thin areas can still be
done provided the soil is lightly worked up; broadcast
seed uniformly over the bare areas; and apply a bal-
anced fertilizer. Rake the two in together and keep
moderately moist for good germination.

CARE OF PERENNIALS

Most perennials can now have their tops cut back
to within two to three inches from the top of the

10

ground, organic matter worked in around them and
the garden heavily mulched if need be. This is also an
excellent time to plant spring bulbs — tulips, daffodils
and others. Put them in while the ground can still be
worked, planting several inches over the top of the
bulbs. Plant the bulbs in masses for the best effect in
the garden next spring. Do not delay planting after
the end of this month as weather cannot be guaran-
teed for good gardening work.

Home greenhouses should now be thoroughly
checked to make sure that all air cooling units are
turned off and thoroughly drained or cleaned to be
ready for next spring. Glass should be checked to
make sure that it is firmly in place, recalking if
needed, and shading removed so the plants have as
much light as possible.

Bulbs for forcing such as tulips and daffodils and
others should be potted as early this month as possible
and placed in cold frames or in pits outdoors for the
cooling period. These need eight to 10 weeks of tem-
peratures of about 40° for forcing and no attempt
should be made to force bulbs before the first of
January. Some of the true lilies can also be potted,
placed out in the frame for good rooting and then
forced at a later date. In selecting bulbs for forcing,
buy the top size. Price should not be a factor. The
larger the bulbs the more sure you are of better flow-
ering. Some of the seeds which can be started in the
greenhouse now are the following: hyacinth flowered
candytuff, Ca/endula, fibrous root begonias, larkspur,
winter-flowering snapdragons, stocks, Cineraria, Cal-
ceolaria and Salpiglossis. Many of these make excel-
lent cut flowers and add color to the corner in the
greenhouse or for flower arranging during the winter
months. Make sure all other plants are thoroughly
cleaned at this time and any spraying or fumigating is
done now, while good ventilation can be maintained.
It is difficult to control many of these things once the
greenhouse is closed up for the winter.

CAMELLIA PLANTS

Camellia plants can be left outdoors until the
weather gets really cool. Normally, in this area, they
do not need to be brought in much before early No-
vember. Temperatures down a few degrees below
freezing will not hurt them. The cooler they are kept,
the better they will bloom. Make sure all pots are free
of insects. It is sometimes advisable to tip the plant
out of the pot and very carefully spray the soil ball to
rid it of any insects.

If growing poinsettias in the greenhouse for
Christmas flowering, make sure they get no artificial
light at night, covering them with black cloth or black
plastic from six o'clock at night until eight o’clock in
the morning.

Cuttings can still be taken of many of the other
plants in the garden, if not successful earlier. Cuttings
taken from healthy plants, rooted in a mixture of
peat and perlite develop roots in three to four weeks

and make ideal plants early in the new year. Many
plants, if leggy, should be cut back heavily at this
time, withholding water somewhat, and avoid feeding
until they are back into active growth.

This is an excellent month to think of Christmas
gift giving. Dish gardens, desert gardens and terrari-
ums make welcome gifts and look much nicer when
planted well ahead of time.

Late this month trees and shrubs can be planted
as they are nearly dormant. Evergreens can be planted
as soon as they can be dug. Fall is an ideal time to get
many of these planted. When planting make sure soil
is well prepared and plants are heavily mulched after
planting and given a good watering.

— Robert J. Dingwall
Chief Horticu/turist

Systematics Symposium

The twenty-fourth annual Systematics Symposi-
um will be held at the Garden October 14 and 15.
This year the botanical presentations will be devoted
to African biology. It is appropriate that one of the
annual symposia be devoted to this topic, since the
Garden is the repository in North America for Afri-
can plants and has recently been actively involved in
research in African botany.

Distinguished scientists will be attending from all
over the world. At 8 p.m. on Saturday, October 15,
Dr. Clark Howell, University of California, Berkeley,
will discuss Plio/Pleistocene hominids and their paleo-
environmental settings in Africa.

The lecture will take place in Graham Chapel at
Washington University and Is open to the public.

Garden Part of Proposed Network

The Garden has been selected as one of 67 pro-
posed sites which would form a network for the pur-
suit of ecological research. The spectrum of Experi-
mental Ecological Reserves (EER), as the sites are
titled, includes wilderness areas, parks, arboreta, and
university biological stations in 28 states, Puerto Rico
and the Virgin Islands. The sites were carefully
chosen to represent examples of all ecosystems so
that these areas can be preserved.

The study on the ‘’Experimental Ecological Re-
serves’, a reflection of a decade of thought, has been
supported by a grant from the National Science
Foundation. The network of field sites would im-
prove the ability of scientists to learn how various
ecosystems function. Since man is an integral part of
the environment and dependent upon managed eco-
systems for sustenance, this study would help scien-
tists to better understand the complex interacting
ecosystems.

Special Back Issues of Bulletin

Four Bulletin issues of historical interest are now
available for sale at the Garden Gate Shop. The dates
of publication range from 1954-1967. The copies will
sell for fifty cents each, and are available while sup-
plies last.

Titles include: ‘‘Growing Exhibition Chrysanthe-
mums at Home’, ‘‘Lawn Establishment and Care”,
“‘Bromeliads’’, and ‘Thirty-one Broad-Leaved Ever-
greens for the Central Midwest”’.

MEMBERSHIPS — AUGUST 1977

HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES

Mr./Mrs. Howard F. Baer
Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom
Mr./Mrs. Watson K. Blair

Mrs. Irene C. Jones

Dr./Mrs. H. Kendig

Mrs. John S. Lehmann
Mr./Mrs. James S. McDonnell, Jr.
Mrs. Florence T. Morris

Mr. Spencer T. Olin

Mr./Mrs. W. R. Orthwein, Jr.
Mrs. Howard E. Ridgway
Mr./Mrs. Frederic M. Robinson
Mrs. Gladney Ross

Mr. S. C. Sachs

Mr./Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly
Mr./Mrs. Warren M. Shapleigh
Mr./Mrs. Sydney Shoenberg, Jr.
Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Sr.
Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. C. C. Johnson Spink
Mrs. Hermann F. Spoehrer
Mrs. Ben H. Wells

DIRECTOR’S ASSOCIATES

Mr./Mrs. Alexander M. Bakewell
Mr. Clarence C. Barksdale

Mr. E. G. Cherbonnier

Mr. Sam’! C. Davis

Mr./Mrs. August H. Hummert, III
Mr./Mrs. Eldridge Lovelace
Mr./Mrs. A. Timon Primm, III
Mr./Mrs. Roland Quest

Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Ridgway
Mr. Roy L. Tarter

Miss Harriet J. Tatman
Mr./Mrs. Harold E. Thayer

SUSTAINING

Mr./Mrs. Dwight H. Allen
Mr./Mrs. Henry C. Lowenhaupt

CONTRIBUTING

Mrs. George H. Karsch
Mr./Mrs. George T. Mehan, Jr.

REGULAR

Alpha Tool Manufacturing Co.
Mr./Mrs. J. Douglas Anderson
Mr. Harold W. Batson

Mr. R. H. Beckmeyer

Mr. Paul Bergfeld

Mr./Mrs. Merton Bernstein

Mr. John L. Bundstein

Mr. Edward K. Burger
Mr./Mrs. Paul A. Burns
Mr./Mrs. Russell L. Cole
Mr./Mrs. James F. Dowd, III
Mr./Mrs. Gilbert G. Early, III
Ms. C. M. Falk

Mr./Mrs. Thomas M. Floyd, Jr.
Mrs. Joseph E. Flynn

Mr./Mrs. Gene J. Forster
Mr./Mrs. Terry Franc

Mr./Mrs. Julian G. Franks

Ms. Mollis K. Freebairn

Mrs. Bernice Fuller

Mr./Mrs. Herbert Graves

Ms. Ann Friffitts

Mr./Mrs. John L. Hamilton
Mr./Mrs. William Heuer
Mr./Mrs. Kenneth M. Holaday
Mr./Mrs. Mark Jacobs
Mr./Mrs. M. C. Johnson

Dr. A. O. Kloetzer

Mr./Mrs. Edwin P. Kraushaar
Miss Joan Krevlin

Mary K. Layton

Mrs. Patricia Magnin
Mr./Mrs. James Marquis

Ms. Mary Ann Mennemeyer
Miss Irene M. A. Meyer

Mr. Kenneth E. Miller

Sylvia S. Moore

Mr. Joseph J. Mullaney
Mr./Mrs. Edouard J. Mutrux
Mr./Mrs. Thomas C. Nagel
Miss Carol J. Nieder

Miss Joan O'Malley

Drs. Paul and Nancy Patchem
Mr./Mrs. Fred J. Petty
Mr./Mrs. David E. Pfeifer
Mr./Mrs. D. R. Pourie
Mr./Mrs, William A. Rall, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Robert Rasner

Member of

Mr. Ralph F. Reis

Mr./Mrs. Paul W. Robberson
Mrs. David Rothman
Mr./Mrs. Herbert D. Roy
Mr. Timothy J. Ryan

Dr. Janet Sanders

Dr. Leandra M. Schaller
Elizabeth Schmid

Dr./Mrs. Gustav Schonfeld
Mrs. Pearl Sherman

Mrs. Harold T. Smutz
Mr./Mrs. George A. Speer
Miss Cheri Stringer

Mr. Edward J. Sudekum
Mr./Mrs. Mitchell Taibleson
Mr./Mrs. Harold E. Turner
Mr./Mrs. Lynn Turner
Dr./Mrs. Bruce White
Mr./Mrs. Frank P. Wolff, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Peter G. Zentay

INCREASE IN
MEMBERSHIP

SUSTAINING

Mr. Harold W. Bachman
Mr./Mrs. E. B. Feutz

The Arts and Education
Fund of Greater St.Louis

11

CONTRIBUTING

Dr./Mrs. Morris Alex
Mr./Mrs. Jacques Baenziger
Mr./Mrs. Kenneth J. Bennett
Mrs. Melba Bielsmith

Miss Helen E. Boyles

Mrs. lan D. W. Cramer
Mr./Mrs. Carl Daubendiek
Dr./Mrs. James E. Edwards
Mr./Mrs. James J. Henrich
Mrs. Milton H. Just
Mr./Mrs, Hans-Peter Kappus

Mrs. John C, Naylor

Mrs. Ralph F. Piper

Miss Marilyn Mazzoni
Mr./Mrs. Richard T. McKinney

Dr./Mrs. Gregory Phillips

Mrs. Louis W. Rubin

Mrs. Lloyd C. Stark
Mr./Mrs. J. R. Telscher
Mr./Mrs. C. S. Upson
Mr./Mrs. John T. Yates
Mrs. Paul H. Young, Jr.

AUGUST TRIBUTES

In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. J. B. Charah’s 45th
Anniversary
Mr./Mrs. Ellis C. Littmann

In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Scalise’s
Anniversary
Mr./Mrs. Ellis C. Littmann

In Honor of Mrs. Julius S. Schweich’s Birthday

Mr./Mrs. Harold S. Cook

In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Harland R. Speer’s
50th Anniversary
Mr./Mrs. H. J. Kipp

In Memory of Thor W. Bruce
Dr./Mrs. James R. Wiant

In Memory of Dr. Archie D. Carr
Mrs. Lloyd C. Stark

Mr./Mrs. H. Wuertenbaecher, Jr.
In Memory of Mrs. Hannah Chosid
Ed and Gloria Hogbin

In Memory of Mrs. Nan DeCamp
Helen and Andy Payne

In Memory of Leone C. Gale, Jr.
Elaine and John Henkle

In Memory of Ralph W. Hallquist
Dorothy Brown

Corrinne Hallquist

In Memory of Ralph C. Hancock
Mr./Mrs. A. F. Boettcher, Jr.

In Memory of Mrs. L. Hoagland
Mr./Mrs. S. Bennett

In Memory of Mr. Leonard Holden
Mr./Mrs. Ellis C. Littmann
In Memory of Mr. G. Alex Hope

Rose Society of Greater St. Louis

In Memory of Mr. Ralph Huebenthel

Rose Society of Greater St. Louis

In Memory of Mrs. C. L. Keaton
Bess J. Corn

In Memory of William J. Keim
Dudley and May Titus

In Memory of Mrs. W. Warren Kirkbride
Mrs. Howell E. Adams

James G. Alfring

Mr./Mrs, Charles M. Babington, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Roland C. Baer
Wayne A. Beugg

Mr./Mrs. E. A. Boeschenstein
Mr./Mrs. F. P. Boswell
Mr./Mrs. W. W. Boyd

Arline Bradford

Mr./Mrs. Alexander M. Brown
David Burdeau

Dr./Mrs. Justin Cordonnier
Mrs. Dwight W. Coultas

Mrs. E. R. Culver, Jr.

Mr./Mrs. Gerald R. Diehl
Mr./Mrs. Frank E. Dolson
Robert A. Dolson

Mrs. John Feinstein

Mr./Mrs. Robert Galloway
Dr./Mrs,. Leigh Gerdine
Mr./Mrs. McVeigh Goodson
Mrs. Harmon Green

Mrs. Robert C. Green

Grove Company Design Dept.
Mrs. John M. Hadley

Henry F. Hafner

Mr./Mrs. George H. Hall ‘
Mr./Mrs. Edward E. Haverstick
Mr./Mrs. T. Frank James, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Roland E. Jester
Mrs. Richard S. Jones

James C. Kautz

Kirkbride Saw & Knife Co., Inc. Employees
Mr./Mrs. Robert F. Knight
Mrs. John S. Lehmann

Mrs. Austin P. Leland

Mrs. C. Carter Lewis

Mr./Mrs. Hugh A. Logan
Mildred L. Logeman

Ernie Long

Mr./Mrs. Duncan |. Meier, Jr.
Dr./Mrs. Thomas Meirink

Mrs. Robert E. Meyer
Mr./Mrs. Daniel Miller
Monday Literary Club, The
Mr./Mrs. Wilson Overall
Mr./Mrs. C. M. Palmer
Mr./Mrs. A. W. Pauley

Mr./Mrs. William Pauley

Mrs. W. Anderson Payne
Winifred L. Peterson

Mrs. Wm. H. Petring

Mr./Mrs. E. Ray Pienaar
Mr./Mrs, Otway W. Rash, III
Joanne, Jim, and Rand Robinson
Althea and Carl Schumacher
Mrs. Carroll Smith

Mr./Mrs. John Sonderman
Mr./Mrs. Charles T. Spalding
Mr./Mrs. Wilbur T. Trueblood, Jr.
Mrs. C. Gatch Upthegrove
Elizabeth D. Waller

Betty and Walter Zemitzsch

In Memory of Edith Meyer
Mr./Mrs. Bernard Blomberg

In Memory of Ernest Miller
Mr./Mrs. John M. Raster

In Memory of Mrs. Frances Pearcy
Mrs. George P. Gebhart

In Memory of Mr. Roy N. Schoening
Theodore and Jeanne Baron
Mr./Mrs. William Beggs

Dr./Mrs. Rogers Deakin

Mr./Mrs. John Deuser

Mr./Mrs. David S. Hooker

Frances Isaacs

Mrs. J. H. Johnson

Mr./Mrs. Milton Johnson

H. A. Keitz

Mrs. Landon C. Lodge

McDonnell Aircraft Co., Analysis Dept.
Mr./Mrs. Milton Moldane

Mr./Mrs. R. P. Schlatter

Virginia M. Steidemann

Mrs. F. W. Stern

Dr./Mrs. Peter J. Stern and Family
Mr./Mrs. J. W. Swanson, Sr.
Mr./Mrs. James D. Tancill
Mr./Mrs. John K. Travers

Anna G. Wigley

Mr./Mrs. Wm. F. Wischmeyer

In Memory of Mrs. Gertrude B. Starr
Irene and Alfred Dunkin

In Memory of Norah J. Taylor
Mrs. F. W. Wehmiller

SECOND CLASS

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN
2345 Tower Grove Avenue
Saint Louis, Missouri 63110

POSTAGE
PAID
AT ST. LOUIS, MO.

Missouri
Botanical

Garden
Bulletin

Gifts for
holiday giving,
Pages 7-9.

New Center to be Crystal Palace’

On October 18, the Garden Board of Trustees
announced design plans for the new $4.7 million
Visitor Orientation/Education Center, a “crystal
palace” which will house classrooms, workshops,
floral display hall, an auditorium, restaurant, plant-
gift shops and entrance facilities for Garden visitors.

The building, the principal goal of the Garden’s
current $6 million development campaign, will
anchor the “‘new north end” of the Garden
grounds. It is part of the final phase of the Garden’s
1973 Master Plan for expansion and improvement.

That plan, formulated by Environmental Plan-
ning and Design of Pittsburgh, Pa., concluded that
the present Garden entrance was not adequate,
that parking was not available near by and that the
Climatron-Lily Pool axis was not ideal for proper
visitor orientation.

EPD’s recommendation at the time was that

the Garden’s north end should be completely rede-
veloped—the overall goal of the capital improve-
ment campaign launched last August 3.

The central feature of the redevelopment will
be the Visitor Orientation/Education Center,
designed by Gyo Obata of Hellmuth Obata &
Kassabaum, Inc., of St. Louis. The new building
will provide an appropriate entry for visitors, with
convenient adjacent parking. Displays and exhibits
will provide background information of an ecolog-
ical and botanical nature to make a Garden visit
more meaningful.

Formal education facilities will include a large
auditorium, classrooms, workshops, teacher
resource center and expanded staff offices and
work areas. Evening adult continuing education
classes can be expanded because of parking facili-
ties and night lighting.

(Continued on Page 2)

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Volume LXV Number 11
November 1977

G 9
New Center to be Crystal Palace (continued from Page 1)

The new Center will house in addition a large,
climate controlled floral display hall, restaurant,
plant and gift sales, gallery and exhibit space.
Administrative office space will be provided as well.

The chief objective in designing the new Center
was to create a new northern gateway to the
Garden, replacing the existing Tower Grove portico
and providing a visible and inviting entry to the
garden, according to Mr. Obata, the designer. The
design of the building evolves around a symbolic
arched entrance, developed as a broad, public
atrium and roofed by a barrel vaulted skylight. The
atrium becomes not only the main circulation con-
course, but also serves as a showcase for exhibits
and displays which represent the history, purpose
and philosophy of the Garden, Mr. Obata said.

The building is developed on two levels,
oriented around the concourse and connected by
escalators. The lower level houses an educational
wing, 300-seat auditorium, gift and plant shop,
and floral display hall. The second floor accommo-
dates the main entry, dining area, display space
and office wing.

The exterior materials are a combination of
translucent and opaque glass—reflecting the
garden atmosphere and relating to the John S.
Lehmann Building, Mr. Obata explained.

“The design of the new Center is evocative of
the Victorian era English Crystal Palace and the
modern reflective Lehmann building,” he said. “The
building will provide an inviting entry with exciting
interior spaces which will serve as a showcase for

exhibits and displays which represent the history,
purpose and philosophy of the Garden.”

Besides the new center, the capital improve-
ment drive will provide funding for a new main-
tenance operations center and expanded parking
facilities located near to the “crystal palace”

“We realize that we are seeking a considerable
sum— $6 million—in a highly competitive market,’
said Robert R. Hermann, general campaign chair-
man. “But we are confident because our institution
is unique and our goals not only well-identified and
exciting, but also realistic:”

Two major new grants have been pledged to the
campaign, Mr. Hermann said, reflecting the wide
community support that the drive is generating.

The St. Louis Clearing House —its members
including The Boatmen’s National Bank of
St. Louis, First National Bank in St. Louis, Manu-
facturers Bank & Trust Company and Mercantile
Trust Company—has announced a pledge of
$125,000 to the campaign.

In addition, the Emerson Electric Company
Charitable Trust has donated $150,000 toward
the $6 million goal.

“We are most grateful for these tangible ex-
pressions of support for the Garden’s work and its
position as an unparalleled cultural asset for the
St. Louis area/’ said Mr. Hermann.

Kent A. Guske, Garden director of develop-
ment, announced that campaign receipts so far—
during only the first two months of the drive—
have totalled $1.8 million.

Garden Visited by ‘Father of Peruvian Botany

Dr. Ramon Ferreyra is familiarly known as the
father of Peruvian botany, a title that seems appro-
priate to his vital personality. He is director of the
Museum of Natural History, a branch of the Uni-
versity of San Marcos in Lima, and is professor of
botany at that institution. The University is the
oldest in the Americas, founded in 1551, and it
remains a center for the education of young
botanists.

Dr. Ferreyra was in this country recently to
attend meetings in Florida and to visit several
botanical institutions in pursuit of his field of inter-
est—including the Garden. The Compositae family
is his field of study, and he is working with the
Garden botany department on publishing the Flora
of Peru. Dr. Ferreyra has one of the best collec-
tions of Compositae in Latin America, having
botanized the entire flora of Peru. The Garden, in
cooperation with the Field Museum in Chicago, is
pursuing a program of collecting in Peru. The end
result of the program between the two institu-

2

tions, with the collaboration of Dr. Ferreyra and
other Peruvian botanists, will be to publish the
Flora of Peru. This is a project which was begun
by the Field Museum previously, but has been re-
activated. The Field Museum and the Garden are
the centers of Peruvian Botany in this country.

Calendars at Gift Shop

Calendars produced by the local Sierra Club
Chapter are now being sold by the Garden Gate
Shop. The calendars feature photographs of Ozark
wilderness areas.

The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is published
12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical Garden,
2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo.63110. Second class
postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year $6.00 foreign.

Freund Center is Gard

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Center in rustic setting at
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The Adlyne Freund Education Center, as well
as the 220-acre tract of land on which it is located,
was dedicated in ceremonies held outdoors on a
bright fall morning in September—adding great
educational potential to the programs offered by
the Garden and the Shaw Arboretum.

Mrs. Adlyne Freund, whose generosity made
this acquisition possible was honored at the cere-
monies. Speakers were: Dr. Peter H. Raven,
Garden director; C. C. Johnson Spink, chairman,
Arboretum Committee, Board of Trustees; Dr.
William Klein, director, Morris Arboretum, Phila-
delphia, Pennsylvania; Robert Chandler, superin-
tendent, Jefferson National Expansion Memorial,
National Park Service; Fred Lafser, director,
Division of Parks and Recreation, Missouri Depart-
ment of Natural Resources.

“The acquisition and dedication of this property
is important for a number of reasons/’ said
Dr. Raven. “It will greatly extend the range of edu-
cational programs offered to the public by the
Arboretum; it adds nearly a mile of protected river
frontage to the lower Meramec corridor; and it is
an example of strong cooperation on behalf of our
national resources from both the private and
public sector.”

With the Garden providing private funds for
this project, the State of Missouri was able to
assist by providing federal matching funds to pay
the Garden for a conservation easement on the
property. The Garden agreed by deed restriction
to prohibit any development of the property which
would be detrimental to its essential natural

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features—meaning that the citizens of Missouri
are assured that the natural state of the property
will be maintained in perpetuity.

An important and substantial grant needed to
complete the acquisition was provided by
Mrs. Freund, a longtime friend and supporter of
the Garden. The common note struck by all the
speakers was the thanks and gratitude of not only
this generation, but those to come for preserving
such a magnificent tract of land and the rustic lodge.

The interior of the Freund Center, a “mountain lodge” atmosphere
for Garden educational programs

The Garden Library

No one who knows the Garden well would be
surprised to discover that the library's most exten-
sive collections of manuscripts are the papers of
Henry Shaw and those of his scientific advisor,
Dr. George Engelmann. But while the papers of
these two people constitute the bulk of the
Garden's manuscript collections, they contain many
other choice items of potential interest to scientists
and historians. Even a casual examination of the
correspondence files in the Garden's archives can
reveal such treasures as Charles Darwin’s 1846
autograph letter on fossil plants (donated to the
Garden by Dr. and Mrs. Robert H. Duemler); an
1893 letter from John Burroughs, the famous
nature writer, fretting over the condition of his fruit
crops; a series of letters written between 1829
and 1834 by William Cobbett, a noted English
journalist, agriculturist, and horticultural writer;
and countless other letters and documents by
individuals who have contributed to the develop-
ment of botany and horticulture.

Most recently, an interesting series of letters
from 19th century French and German botanists
has been acquired through a generous gift of
Mr. and Mrs. C. C. Johnson Spink.

The library has been offered an opportunity to
obtain a few more choice items which would fur-
ther strengthen its historical collections. The first
of these is an autograph letter by Sir Joseph Banks,
dated September 22, 1779 in which he discusses
specimens of British ferns. Banks (1742-1820)
was a zoologist, botanist, explorer, colleague of
Captain James Cook, scientific advisor to
King George Ill, a Fellow of the Royal Society,
a Trustee and patron of the British Museum,
and a friend and patron to many of the greatest
English scientists of his time.

The second item the library has been offered is
the manuscript contract for the 1807 edition of
Philip Miller’s Gardener's Dictionary, signed by
Thomas Martyn (the editor of that edition), and by
the four partners in the firm that published the
Dictionary. Philip Miller (1691-1771) was an
English apothecary and botanist who directed the
Chelsea Physic Garden from 1722-1770. Miller’s
Gardener's Dictionary was among the most
important botanical publications of its time, ap-
pearing in twenty-five editions and translations
during his lifetime, and in further editions after his
death. The acquisition of this publisher’s contract
will serve to strengthen the Garden's small col-
lection of materials on the history of botanical
and horticultural publishing.

A manuscript letter from Edward Tuckerman
(1817-1886) to Captain Charles Wilkes (1798-
1877) dated November 7, 1848, is the third item
that has been offered for sale. In the letter

4

Tuckerman discusses plants collected on the United
States Exploring Expedition undertaken between
1838 and 1842. This expedition, planned as a
continuation of Lewis and Clark’s exploration of
the Pacific Coast more than three decades earlier,
was the first strictly scientific expedition to be
funded by the federal government. Tuckerman,
although not a participant in the Expedition, served
as a consultant to Wilkes, and wrote accounts of
the lichens and mosses collected by Wilkes and
his party.

The total cost of these materials is $480. Donors
are solicited for all or part of the purchase price.
Interested persons are invited to contact Dr. Peter
H. Raven, director, or James Reed, head librarian.

The Computer Age

Since 1970, the library has been involved in a
project to recatalog the nearly 180,000 books,
journals, pamphlets and unbound separates which
comprise its magnificent research collections.
These materials are being reclassified to a system
based upon that used by the Library of Congress.
Completion of this project, which is presently sup-
ported in large measure through the generosity of
the Sunnen Foundation, will make our library's
cataloging system compatible with that used by
many of the nation’s other major research libraries.

As part of this effort, our library will soon be
joining the Ohio College Library Center (OCLC),
a nationwide computerized cataloging network
sharing a common bibliographic data base. The
Garden's participation in the OCLC network will
serve to speed our recataloging project consid-
erably, as well as serving to make our library's
resources more readily available to other OCLC
participants.

To make our recataloging project useful not
only to those who travel to the Garden, but to
researchers throughout the globe, we are also par-
ticipating in the National Union Catalog Project
(NUC) maintained by the Library of Congress since
1901. Libraries report records of their holdings to
Washington, where they are placed in a central file
which is eventually published in book form.
In effect, the Library of Congress is providing a
record of the locations of all important research
publications in all of America’s major libraries.

This joint effort of the Library of Congress, the
American Library Association, Mansell Infor-
mation / Publishing Company, and the nation’s
important libraries has resulted in the publication,
since 1968, of more than 450 volumes of NUC
records in book form. By the time the project is
completed, about 7OO volumes will have been
published.

The Garden's library has been subscribing to
this invaluable set for several years, and has ob-
tained about 275 volumes of the 450 so far
published. Donors are now being sought to assist
the library in acquiring the additional volumes. Each
$35.00 contribution will buy an additional volume
to bring our set completely up to date. Volumes
acquired through donation will receive a special
bookplate acknowledging the donor. Completion
of this set will serve not only to assist our re-
cataloging effort but will also provide us with
information concerning the research holdings of
several hundred other national research libraries,
and thus assist us in obtaining materials through
inter-library loan channels. Those interested in do-
nating toward this project are invited to contact
Dr. Raven or Mr. Reed.

Once recataloging has been completed — our
present projected completion date is 1982 —the
library will have, for the first time in its history,
a comprehensive record of every published item in
its collections. Use of the library will be greatly
facilitated, as researchers will be able to search the
catalog under all possible authors, titles, or sub-
jects, instead of only through authors’ names as is
the case at present.

Kathy McKinney, catalog room worker at the Garden library.

DECISIONS, DECISIONS!
A family conference
precedes purchase at the
annual Plant Sale.

Teacher Training Project Enters Second Year

For the second consecutive year, city teachers
participating in the Environmental Education Train-
ing Project have ended their summer vacations
early to receive training at the Garden. The Envi-
ronmental Education Training Project is a coopera-
tive program which began in July, 1976, between
the St. Louis Public Schools and the Missouri
Botanical Garden. The goals of the project are to
develop a model for training teachers in environ-
mental education and to write a training guide for
use in other school systems, state education
departments, and institutions of high learning
throughout the country.

Originally funded for one year, the project has
been extended a second year through a $43,407
grant from the U.S. Office of Environmental
Education to the St. Louis Public Schools. During
the first year of the project, 19 city teachers were
trained in the principles and concepts of environ-
mental education, curriculum development, and
effective ways to use community resources in the
classroom. Representatives of over 25 civic,
cultural, environmental, educational and govern-
mental organizations and agencies have been par-
ticipating in the training project.

This year, the teachers who participated last
year will conduct training programs open to all
city teachers in the middle grades. They will be
assisted by Project Managers Peggy Rustige of the
St. Louis Public Schools and Calla Smorodin of the
Garden’s Ecological Services Department. The
teachers will lead workshops on methods for inte-
grating environmental education into several
curriculum disciplines and ways to make more
efficient use of the community as a learning
laboratory for students.

During the coming year, the project managers
will continue writing the training guide, a task

began this summer. “We are extremely grateful,’
says Mrs. Rustige, “that the Office of Environ-
mental Education has given us the opportunity to
continue the project for a second year. In a time
when federal dollars for environmental education
are limited, the extended grant is a vote of confi-
dence in our work?’

Project managers feel that they have also
received a vote of confidence from fellow envi-
ronmental educators around the country. During
the past year, the project staff has been invited to
make presentations about their work at the annual
meetings of several professional organizations.
Project co-director Ed Ortleb, Science Supervisor
for the St. Louis Public Schools, made a presenta-
tion to the National Science Teachers Association
held in Cincinnati, Ohio last March. Project
managers Smorodin and Rustige presented papers
in April at the National Association for Environ-
mental Education meetings in Estes Park, Colorado
and at the Missouri Academy of Science meetings
in St. Louis.

Most recently, the project managers were
invited to present a paper at the Conservation
Education Association's International Conference
held in Superior, Wisconsin in August. Ms.
Smorodin believes, ‘these invitations and the
response of those who have attended our presen-
tations indicate to me that we are succeeding in
being able to work out a training program for
teachers which capitalizes on the expertise avail-
able outside formal educational settings. Wherever
| go, people are very interested to find out how a
botanical garden, working with an urban school
system, can play a significant role in training
teachers to offer more environmental education
activities to their students’

. Peggy Rustige, left, project
manager for the Garden/
Public School teacher
training program, videotapes
city teachers conducting
environmental education
workshop.

Oiue the Garden

With the holiday season fast approaching, we'd
like to make a gift suggestion... Give the Garden.

When you give this perfect gift, you enrich
yourself, for you are supporting an institution you
believe to be important; you enrich the recipient,
because you are making a gift of beauty to someone
you hold dear; and that person gets an entire year
of aesthetic pleasures .. . visits to the Garden,
Arboretum, the lectures and parties; use of the
library; the monthly Bulletin; discounts on gifts,
trips, and courses—all the benefits of Membership
that you already enjoy.

The Garden benefits too, with a new Member
and some extra financial help to carry on its
numerous research, preservation, and educational
activities.

There is another advantage to giving the
Garden: you avoid shopping in crowded stores,
wrapping gifts, waiting until the last minute. Simply
fill out the Garden Holiday Gift Tag below and mail
to our Membership Office. We will include a gift
certificate for a small plant for each person on your
list (there will be an extra one waiting for you at
the Plant Shop, too). Even people who “have every-
thing” may not have a Membership in the Garden.
You can solve your gift problems and increase your
support of the Garden (tax-deductible, of course)
all at the same time.

Please fill in your order on the coupon below, clip
and mail.

Name
Address
City
State Zip

Your name
Address
City
State Zip

| am ordering
cost of each.

gift Memberships at a

L) Enclosed is my check (payable to Missouri
Botanical Garden)
|] Please charge this to my Master Charge

o
L] Please bill me

MEMBERSHIP CATEGORIES:

Regular

$25.00

¢ Free Admission to the Garden, Tower Grave
House, and Shaw Arboretum (for two adults
and children under 21)

e Subscription to the Missouri Botanical Garden
Bulletin (monthly)

¢ Discount in Garden Gate Shop and Plant Shop

¢ Invitations to all special events, preview parties
and lecture series

¢ Advance registration and special discounts on all
courses in the Continuing Education Program

¢ Use of horticulture reference library

¢ Travel opportunities, domestic and abroad

Contributing

$50.00 ALL OF THE ABOVE PLUS

¢ Invitations to two exclusive receptions preceding
floral display previews

Sustaining

$100.00 ALL OF THE ABOVE PLUS

e Free gate admission passes for 8 guests
e Eight free passes for the Flower Wagon

Sponsoring

$250.00 ALL OF THE ABOVE PLUS

e A $10 gift certificate from the Plant Shop
¢ A book on Missouri Wildflowers

Director’s Associate

$500.00 ALL OF THE ABOVE PLUS

e A $10 gift certificate from the Garden Gate Shop
e A book on houseplant care

Henry Shaw Associate

$1000.00 ALL OF THE ABOVE PLUS

¢ A full color limited edition print of Trelease’s
Larkspur, De/phinium tre/easei, signed and num-
bered by the artist, Keith West.

TEs

Special Print Sale

A special sale of botanical prints by the California
print maker Henry Evans will take place in the
library from November 1 through December 9. A
limited number of these botanical linoleum block
prints are for sale, at prices ranging from $17.50 to
$55.00 each. Each print is mattted and ready for
framing. The prints may be seen in the library
between 9a.m.and 5p.m., Monday through Friday.

5

Garden Gate Shop...A Holida

—_— tT

The Garden Gate Shop, in preparation for
the 1977 holiday season, has again stacked its ber k
shelves with some of the most unique and at-
tractive gift items available in the St. Louis area
—from stocking stuffers to botanical books to
delicate Japanese ceramics.

The shop’s volunteer buyers have become
world travelers in their search for unusual and
garden-related gift items. The result is a gift
selection which makes the Garden Gate Shop
a veritable shopping center for the upcoming
Christmas season.

Among the shop’s most popular items are
those in a line of delicate Japanese-motif
ceramics, including vases, pots, Saucers, Cups,
trays, match boxes and table sculptures. Other
unusual items include pots for planting, baskets
for hanging, colorful pillows, home decorative
pieces and aprons in gingham and other colorful

\\-\
Aedes

sual c ann

patterns.
Garden Members receive a 10 percent dis-
count on all items purchased at the Garden Gate Books on botany and other subjects are available in a wide selection at

Shop, which is open for buying or browsing
from10 a.m. to4 p.m. seven days a week.

an |
~ “——

s mm
Ros IPS

2
:

Colorful ceramics, many of Japanese design and decoration, are available as ornamentals or as very practical containers for
houseplants. Items on hand in a wide variety of size and price range include saucers, plates, cups, trays, vases, match boxes,

bird sculptures and decorative wall pieces

8

Hopping Center

Cards, Posters At Garden Gate Shop

Christmas greeting cards depicting the Japanese
Garden in a snow scene will be available through November
at the Garden Gate Shop. Etching-screened in full color,
the cards are sold 25 to a box for $4.50.

Also available for the Christmas season are full color
posters, suitable for framing, of several Garden scenes—
the Japanese Garden, Rose Garden, Arboretum and others.

si nate agai ne -_ -— al
a ~~ t 4 gS , Sot aye Peas - t
—- ee | a pt 4
2 ee BME atten ee Sea

Gate Shop.

err

am oe &
5, ae > <a

‘tions of holiday gifting: an attractive wall mirror decorated Pots for planting and baskets for hanging and other Garden items are
otanical motif. in abundance at the Garden Gate Shop as gift ideas for the holidays

More than 200 visitors,
streaming through the
Garden Gate and past the
Lily Ponds, toured the
Garden during the recent
Pow Wow of the Discover

America Travel Organization

Specimen Dahlias, botanical sunbursts, were among the
exhibits at the Garden's Dahlia Show.

Chris Everson astride the Great Pumpkin, a winning
entry at the Fall Harvest Show held in September in the
Floral Display House

Dr. Crosby Named Research Director

Dr. Marshall R. Crosby, chairman of the
Garden’s Department of Botany since 1974, has
been named director of research, it was announced
by Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director. Dr. Crosby
is a Specialist in the systematics of mosses and has
recently published a book on the subject.

Many facets of the research branch of the
Garden were discussed by Dr. Crosby during a
recent interview. The major function of the staff
of 11 Ph.D. scientists is original research con-
ducted in the field and the herbarium. This research
seeks a clearer understanding of plants, their inter-
relationships and their distribution. Knowledge of
the basic nature of plants is critical to man’s sur-
vival because man is part of a very fragile eco-
system with complex interrelationships. His survival
depends upon the understanding of such relation-
ships which research can supply.

There are 20 or so technicians in the herbarium
who provide support for staff scientists, visiting
scientists and others around the world. The mount-
ing of herbarium specimens provides a resource
for research. Field work contributes to the col-
lection, and gifts supplement it. All specimens must
be identified—another important function of the
herbarium. Loans are made to scientists and stu-
dents worldwide, enabling the Garden to perform
a service and facilitate research at other institutions.

The Garden has two field stations, located in
Panama and in Nicaragua, which broaden its out-
reach. Many requests are filled for seeds, soil and
wood samples from these geographical areas.

Dr. Marshall R. Crosby

Through the basic thrust of the Garden’s research
efforts focus on the tropics, requests are
received for local material indigenous to this area
of the country.

The second major responsibility of Dr. Crosby
in his new role is the Garden library, itself a
research tool. Though plants are the primary
source of information, the library is the repository
for the results of research. Scientific papers re-
porting on research projects are recorded in books
and journal articles. Such work is thus preserved
and serves as background for further research.

The library is service oriented to a greater
extent than the herbarium. It is one of the best in
the world and as such, receives many loan
requests. Photocopies of the requested informa-
tion are sent rather than the actual books, placing
the needed information in the users’ hands quickly,
reducing risk of book loss, and keeping books at
the Garden for staff use. Many non-scientific
queries are handled daily as well.

The library serves as an archive for materials
other than books. Photographs, prints, newspa-
pers, page proofs of early books and news clip-
pings are among the items that are cataloged and
preserved.

“| look forward to the continuing challenge of
maintaining the high level of excellence that has
earned the Missouri Botanical Garden its unique
reputation in the scientific world,’ said Dr. Crosby.

Tour Guide Program

Coordinators of the Garden’s Tour

Guide Program are, top row, from

left, Sally Davidson and Maurita
Stueck,; bottom row, Nan Day,
Isabel Morris and Harriot Smith

STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT AND CIRCULATION (ACT OF
AUGUST 12, 1970: SECTION 3685, TITLE 39, UNITED STATES CODE.)

1. Title of Publication. MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN
2. Date of Filing: October 14, 1977
3. Frequency of issues: 12 issues per year — monthly
4. Location of known office of Publication: 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis
Missourt 63110
5. Location of the Headquarters or General Business Offices of the Publishers
2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Missour: 63110
6. Names and addresses of publisher and editor are’ Publisher, Missouri Botanical
Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110: Editor, Barbara
B. Pesch
7, Owner. Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis
Missourt 63110
8. Known bondholders, mortgagees, and other security holders owning or holding 1
percent or more of total amount of bonds, mortgages, or other securities: None
9. The purpose, function and nonprofit status of this organization and the exempt
status for Federal income tax purposes has not changed during preceding 12
months. Authorized to mail at special rates (Section 132.122, PSM)
10. Extent and nature of circulation
Average no. copies Actual no. copies
each tissue during of single issue
preceding 12 published nearest
months to filing date
A. Total no. copies printed 10,000 12,280
(Net Press Run)
B. Paid Circulation
1. Sales through dealers and carriers
street vendors and counter sales none none
2. Mail subscriptions 9,000 9,370
C. Total paid circulation 9,000 9,370
D. Free distribution by mail, carrier or other
means samples, complimentary and
other free copies 750 783
E. Total distribution 9,750 10,153
F. Copies not distributed
1. Office use, left-over, unaccounted
spoiled after printing 250 2,127
2. Returns from news agents none none
G. Total (Sum of E & F1 —should equal net
press run shown in A) 10,000 12,280

| certify that the statement made by me above is correct and complete

(Signed) Barbara B. Pesch, Editor
Publications Department

12

ot t _

The month of September marked the end of a
two year term as chairman of the guide program
for Maurita Stueck (Mrs. C. F. P.). She was suc-
ceeded by Sally Davidson (Mrs. John). The chair-
man is responsible for coordinating the scheduling
for all of the guided tours for the year. In addition,
she designs all of the training programs for the
guides working on these monthly training sessions
with Ken Peck, head of the education department.

Tours of the following are available: The
Japanese Garden, Library-Herbarium, English
Woodland Garden, Climatron, Tropical Rain Forest,
Mediterranean House, Comparative Tour, Missouri
Tree Walk, General and Historical Tours.

These tours have been conducted for many
groups from all over this country as well as for
foreign visitors. School groups from the third grade
through college level have been given tours. Tours
may be arranged for any weekday, Saturday morn-
ing (there is a public tour each Saturday at 10:30
a.m. for individuals) and at other times for special
groups. In the past six months, 55 volunteer guides
have given nearly 1,700 tours. Prospective guides
are given an intensive ten-week training before
becoming tour guides.

The purpose of this valuable program is: 1) to
introduce visitors to the Garden, its function, his-
torical importance; 2) to provide beyond-the-
classroom experience for students; 3) to identify
the Garden as a community learning resource.

Guides are therefore an important segment of
the educational program of the Garden.

Flora of Panama

The Garden's long term research project, the
Flora of Panama, has entered its final stages. Its
completion, expected in 1979, will be greatly aided
by a new grant from the National Science Founda-
tion. This grant is for $170,600, and the project is
under the direction of Dr. William G. D’Arcy. The
primary goal is to produce a published Flora of the
Republic of Panama, including the Canal Zone,
thus nearly 70% of the grant award will go toward
helping meet publication costs of the final portions
of the Flora.

This project traces its origins to 1926, when
the Garden founded a tropical station in the Canal
Zone. The main function of this station was, initially,
to care for a large collection of tropical orchids
which the Garden had acquired from a resident of
the Canal Zone. Serious botanical exploration of
Panama was begun by the Garden staff in 1935,
and a series of “Contributions toward a flora of
Panama” was begun in the Garden’s Annals in
1937. This series was replaced by the formal Flora
of Panama series in the Anna/s in 1943. National
Science Foundation support of the project dates
from 1956, and by the end of the project, total
support from the National Science Foundation to
the Garden for the project will amount to more
than $750,000.

During the early phases of the project, collect-
ing activities were carried out in Panama in order
to accumulate material upon which to base the
written Flora. However, from the early 1940's
through the early 1960's, very little collecting was
done. Since the mid 1960's, continual collecting
has been carried out by Garden staff. This col-
lecting activity has greatly increased our knowledge
of Panama’s plants and greatly increased the
number of species of plants known from Panama.
For example, the number of species known from
the coffee family, Rubiaceae, has increased from
290 in 1973 to 375 now. This is an increase of
nearly 30% in the number of species known from
Panama in only three years. Since many of the
early volumes of the published Flora were based
on small samples of plants, these contributions do
not accurately reflect the great diversity of plant
life found in Panama. After the completion of the
formal, published Flora, the Garden hopes to con-
tinue its exploratory activities in Panama. Many of
the early volumes of the Flora will be revised by
various specialists in the years to come.

The Garden now owns a permanent residence
in the Canal Zone, where a full-time Garden staff
member resides. This staff member functions as a
full-time plant collector, and much of our recently
increased knowledge of the plants of Panama is
based upon the collections made by this collector
during the past few years. Collecting activity is
concentrated in previously poorly explored areas

of Panama, and many novelties continue to be
discovered.

While the primary goal of the project is, of
course, to produce a comprehensive treatment of
the plants of Panama, there have been many other
good results of the project. For example, the resi-
dence in the Canal Zone provides a convenient and
economical place for visiting botanists, who often
want to spend only a few days doing specific field
work in Panama, to stay. Though our plant col-
lector is basically involved in general collecting of
herbarium specimens, many requests for specific
kinds of plants—for example, material preserved
for cytological or anatomical studies or material
for chemical studies—have been filled by our col-
lector. The project has also served as a stimulus
for several doctoral dissertations which involved
detailed studies of various plant families in Panama.

To commemorate the completion of the project,
the Garden will jointly sponsor with the Universidad
de Panama an international symposium to be held
in Panama City. The topic of this symposium will
be the “Botany and Natural History of Panama,’
and contributors from many parts of Central and
South America are expected to participate.

“Ascent of Man’

Film Series Concludes

The films are being shown at 10:30 a.m. and 8:00
p.m. in the auditorium of the Lehmann Building
as follows:

November 2. “The Ladder of Creation”
(Theory of Evolution)

November 9 “World Within World”
(Atomic Energy)

November 16 “Knowledge of Certainty”
(Science and Humanism)

November 23 ‘Generation Upon Generation”
(Genetics)

November 30 “The Long Childhood”
(The Future)

Special thanks to Ken Peck of the Education Depart-
ment and Garden volunteer Jack Horner for
operating the film projector.

Answerman Training

The Answerman service begins the first of its 14
winter training sessions on November 7. This year’s
series will be taught in conjunction with the Univer-
sity of Missouri Extension Service. The classes are
open to all those interested in becoming a Garden
Answerman. For further information and registra-
tion call Randal Anderson, 772-7600, Ext. 33.

13

Gardening in St. Louis

‘Can tLAND

NOVEMBER GARDENING

November is the month that signals the end of
outside garden chores and, with memories of the
severe cold of last year, necessary steps must now
be taken to prepare plants for winter. Increased
rainfall has induced better root systems this year.
However, plants which have not been heavily
mulched should now receive the necessary mulch.
Apply to a depth of four to six inches around the
base, working out beyond the actual planting area
on new plants, and just beyond the drip line of
established plants. Azaleas and other plants which
are susceptible to winter burn can be protected
by placing a burlap barrier around them. Place
near the plants and fasten on sturdy stakes, leaving
six inches between base of burlap and ground level
to allow air to circulate underneath and high
enough that the tops of the plants are not affected
by the sun during the winter months. The burlap
will keep the sun and wind away from the plants.

ROSE CARE

Roses should, by mid-month, be hilled up with
six to eight inches of good top soil mixed with
equal amounts of organic matter or compost. At a
later date add two to three inches of wood chips.
Do not remove soil from around the base of the
plants as this will expose the roots.

Prune back long ends which may break in the
wind. Plants which are not heavily pruned in the
fall will overwinter much better and losses will be
kept to a minimum. There is still time to work in
superphosphate in many areas, particularly around
the vegetable garden which should have extra
organic matter added to it as well. The garden can
be left rough and let the action of the freezing and
thawing, wind and snow, break down the soil to a
better tilth.

Superphosphate worked in around the roses,
prior to planting, will also assure a better root
system. A light application can be worked in
around the base of the shrubs and this is also an
excellent month for coming in with a balanced
fertilizer in late November to root feed trees and
shrubs which have not had this done for the past
couple of years. The ideal method, of course, is
to go out One-third of the way from the trunk to
the drip line, making a series of holes about 18
inches apart and 10 to 12 inches deep, continuing
the holes out to the drip line; then, in each hole
add a handful of balanced fertilizer, leaving the
holes open to allow moisture and air to enter. As
the fertilizer breaks down, plants will continue ab-
sorbing it until the soil freezes.

PLANT STAKING
Plants that have been staked, or need staking,
should be checked to make sure the stakes are

14

securely in the ground and that plant ties are not
too tight so as to bind on the plant itself. Use a
soft material such as cloth or rubber hose, which
will prevent the wire from tearing into the bark
and injuring the plant. Old ties should be checked
to make sure they are not too tight or to see that
they have not loosened over this past growing
season. Check plants along the foundation of the
buildings, particularly where overhangs prevent
adequate watering. These areas should be watered
heavily so the soil is moistened to a good depth
as these will continue to dry out during the winter
months. Mulching is also advisable around founda-
tion plants to control moisture and temperature.

FALL BULBS

Fall bulbs should be placed in the ground as
quickly as possible. These cannot be carried
through until next spring and planted as they will
be of no value. Should you not be able to get out
planting, it is advisable to apply a heavy mulch over
the area to keep the ground from freezing and
then remove the mulch at a later date and plant
the bulbs. No bulbs should be left out of ground
after the first of January if they are expected to
bloom successfully next spring.

LAWNS AND LEAVES

Continue to mow lawns as long as the grass is
growing and see that leaves are kept raked off the
grass. All this material is ideal to go into the fast
rising compost pile for use next year. As the com-
post pile is being built up, continue to soak it down
at regular intervals, and after each heavy layer of
material, sprinkle some top soil or old compost to
induce bacteria into the pile. Liming and fertilizer
are not necessary in the compost at this time.

Home greenhouses should be carefully checked
to make sure that all fittings are tight, that there
is no loose glass, benches are thoroughly clean,
and there is no sign of insects. Necessary sprayings
or fumigating should be done while the greenhouse
can still be well ventilated. Plants in the greenhouse
should be in excellent condition and ventilation
carefully watched as temperatures fluctuate. Night
temperatures of 50-55 degrees will help to keep
the heating bills down and plants in a vigorous
condition. Shading that was used during the sum-
mer or early fall days should be removed so plants
get as much light as possible. It may be advisable
to cover the north wall of the greenhouse with
plastic, leaving about two inches between the glass
and the plastic itself as an insulating barrier.
Cuttings placed in the greenhouse earlier from
outdoor plants should now be rooted. Pot in suit-
able containers for continued growth. Plants
should be carefully watched to avoid overwatering.
Do not use fertilizer unless plants are growing

very actively, and then only lightly to keep the
plants in good condition. Overfeeding can cause
weak growth. It is important for both home green-
house and indoor plants to have a good supply of
potting media on hand while it can still be obtained.
Materials should be carefully stored in areas where
they are not being kept wet and cannot become
contaminated with disease or insects. All insecti-
cides and fungicides should be stored where they
are not subject to freezing temperatures. Good
storage areas are where temperatures vary be-
tween 45 to 65 degrees.

HOUSE PLANTS

House plants should be carefully inspected this
month to make sure that insects are under com-
plete control. Spraying can still be done on mild
days outdoors and the plants can be left until very
dry before bringing them inside. As the light
diminishes, watering should be withheld on most
plants indoors as moisture will not be evaporating
as rapidly. Fertilizing should be kept to a minimum
and only flowering plants fertilized to keep them
in good condition. Foliage plants should be allowed
to go into the normal resting period.

—Robert J. Dingwall
Chief Horticulturist

MEMBERSHIPS—SEPTEMBER 1977

HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES

Mr./Mrs. Howard F. Baer
Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom
Mrs. Irene C. Jones

Dr./Mrs. H. Kendig

Mrs. John S. Lehmann
Mr./Mrs. James S. McDonnell, Jr.
Mrs. Florence T. Morris

Mr. Spencer T. Olin

Mr./Mrs. W. R. Orthwein, Jr.
Mrs. Howard E. Ridgway
Mr./Mrs. Frederic M. Robinson
Mrs. Gladney Ross

Mr. S. C. Sachs

Mr./Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly
Mr./Mrs. Warren M. Shapleigh
Mr./Mrs. Sydney Shoenber, Jr.
Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Sr.
Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. C. C. Johnson Spink
Mrs. Hermann F. Spoehrer
Mrs. Ben H. Wells

Miss Harriet J. Tatman
Mr./Mrs. Harold E. Thayer

REGULAR

Mr./Mrs. Larry G. Akers
Connie Ashbrook

Miss Mary W. Aull

Mrs. Joan B. Bailey
Mr./Mrs. Larry W. Barker
Mr./Mrs. J. C. Baumhoefener
Ms. Timaree Bierle

Dr./Mrs. Lee Bohannon
Mr./Mrs. Alfred L. Bolsaubin
Mr./Mrs. Marta A. Brockmeyer
Mrs. Bernadine J. Brown
Mr./Mrs. Russel E. Bryant
Mr./Mrs. Carl J. Carlie

Ms. Julie Carter

Miss Sylvia Curry

Mr. Charles M. Deeba
Dr./Mrs. Alex E. Denes
Mr./Mrs. Russell C. Doerner
Mr./Mrs. Jeff Elegant

Mrs. Gladys Ervin

Miss Judy Evans

Mrs. D.L. Evertz

Mr./Mrs. Brian Forney

Mr. Willard R. Garnett
Mr./Mrs. Lloyd Gastreich
Mr./Mrs. John Gianoulakia
Mr./Mrs. Allen Goodwin
Mr./Mrs. Asaph H. Hall

Mr. Michael R. Hallman

DIRECTOR'S ASSOCIATES

Mr./Mrs. Alexander M. Bakewell
Mr. Clarence C. Barksdale

Mr. E. G. Cherbonnier

Mr. Sam’! C. Davis

Mr./Mrs. August H. Hummert, III
Mr./Mrs. Eldridge Lovelace
Mr./Mrs. A. Timon Primm, Ill
Mr./Mrs. Roland Quest

Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Ridgway

Member of
The Arts and Education
Fund of Greater St.Louis

Mrs. Wm. C. Hanson
Mr./Mrs. Leslie Heinz

Mr. Mark Hemmann
Mr./Mrs. Marvin Herpel

Mr. Stephen R. Hill

Mrs. F. M. Isserman
Mr./Mrs. Leon U. Jameton
Mr./Mrs. W. E. Jaudes

Mrs. Alice Jaynes

Mr./Mrs. Joseph E. Johnson
Mr./Mrs. Donald F. Jueneman
Mr. Everett R. Kalin

Marla A. Karcher

Mr./Mrs. Lewis Kinstler
Miss Jary Jo Kolmer

Mr. John F. Krey, III
Mr./Mrs. Jack Kushner

A. Patrick Laiken

Mr./Mrs. Earl F. LaMont

Mr. James J. Laskowski

Ms. Paula J. Lemerman

Dr. Clifford J. Lynch
Dr./Mrs. Richard P. MacDermott
Miss Beth Markenson
Mr./Mrs. Randy M. Marling
Mr./Mrs. Garvin Marty
Mr./Mrs. Charles Mayer
Mr./Mrs. David B. McDougal, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. J. Keith McKelvey
Mrs. Dorothy McKinley
Mr./Mrs. 1. N. Miller, Jr.

Ms. Sharon M. Miller
Mr./Mrs. Frank Mueller
Mr./Mrs. John R. Murphy
Mr. Bill Musgrove

Mr./Mrs. Robert F. Nagel
Mr. Mark Neilson

Ms. Barbara Nolan

Dr./Mrs. Richard H. Palmer
Mrs. Mary L. Parker

Mr. Peter Pastreich

Mr./Mrs. Thomas D. Paxson, Jr
Mr./Mrs. William G. Pitcher
Mr./Mrs. Clifford Pyles
Mr./Mrs. D. J. Rauscher

Mr. Stanley P. Rheinecker
Dr./Mrs. Leslie Rich

Miss Marion L. Roberts

Mrs. Morris Rotskoff
Mr./Mrs. Chuck Schagrin
Mr./Mrs. James L. Schlitt
Mrs. Maia F. Schultz
Mr./Mrs. Charles H. Schwarting
Rev./Mrs. Roy G. Seiber

Dr./Mrs. Thos P. Shaner
Miss Rosemary Shearburn
Dr./Mrs. Louis Simchowitz
Mr. James J. Sisk

Mr./Mrs. Hollis D. Sisk

Mrs. Orville Sittler

Mrs. Walter J. Skrainka

Ms. Georgia Smith

Mr. Robert A. K. Smith

Ms. Jean Snyder

Ms. Marguerite A. Snyder
Ms. Geraldine C. Stalzer
Mrs. Helen C. Starch
Mr./Mrs. W. T. Stewart

Mrs. Donald H. Streett
Mr./Mrs. Edward H. Sudbrock
Mr./Mrs. James L. Tetrick
H. Trilling

Mrs. Biron A. Vallier, Jr

Ms. Donna Wahoff
Mr./Mrs. Clarence O. Wamser
Mr./Mrs. Joseph Weyhrich
Ms. Mary Wilson

Mr./Mrs. Stephen P. Zwolak

INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIPS —
SEPTEMBER 1977

SPONSORING
Mr./Mrs. Joseph Champ

SUSTAINING

Mr. Clark V. Graves
Mr./Mrs. J. R. McCurdy
Mrs. J. Paul Ohrman
Mr./Mrs. Barney Wander

CONTRIBUTING

Mr./Mrs. James B. Abernathy
Mr./Mrs. Kenneth J. Bennett
Mr. Glen Paul Gelhot
Mr./Mrs. Bill Hamilton

Mrs. June V. Holtzmann
Mr./Mrs. William A. Lang
Mr./Mrs. Paul Londe
Mr./Mrs. Barton MacDonald
Mr./Mrs. Aaron |. Osherow
Mr./Mrs. Milton Schlesinger
Mr./Mrs. William Tao

SEPTEMBER 1977 TRIBUTES

In Honor of Mrs. Agnes Baer's
Birthday

Elsie S. Glik
Mrs. Joseph H. Schweich

In Honor of Jill Lesley Flotken
Carol and Frank Flotken

In Honor of Mr. & Mrs. Russell E.
Gardner, Jr's 60th Anniversary

Mr./Mrs. Edwin G. Russell

In Honor of Dr. & Mrs. V. H. Laager's
50th Anniversary
Dr./Mrs. George C. Giessing, Jr.

In Honor of Mrs. Claude O. Pearcy
Lillian and Paul Lehner

In Honor of Dan Sakahara
Sylva Bendy

In Honor of Dr. & Mrs. Sam
Soule's Anniversary
Mr./Mrs. Ronald Prince

In Honor of Mr. & Mrs. H.R. Spier's
50th Anniversary
Forsythia Garden Club

In Memory of Dr. Archie Carr
Mr./Mrs. Edwin S. Baldwin
Mrs. William G. Moore, Jr

In Memory of Reif B. Green
Mr./Mrs. Clarence Krueger
Frederick & Beverly Mack
Mr./Mrs. D. Rabin

In Memory of Mrs. George
(Skeets) Hasegawa
Mr./Mrs. George Akiyama
Mr./Mrs. Joe Anderson
Mrs. Y. Arita
Ballas-Dougherty Imp. Assn
Mr./Mrs. Ervin H. Baumeyer
Carol W. Berry
Blank and Wesselink & Associates
Lorraine & Ervin Blass
Mr./Mrs. Robert Bopp
Mr. Erwin R. Breihan
Mr./Mrs. John Brodhead, Jr.

15

Thomas N. Castor

The Terry Coggan Family
Mrs. Dwight W. Coultas
Mr./Mrs. T. Dan

Richard J. Duncan & Family
Mr./Mrs. D. C. Elsaesser
Mr./Mrs. R. Endo

Mr./Mrs. George Eto
Executive Board of the Members
Jo and Fran Fanders
Mr./Mrs. Karl L. Freese

Mrs. Stix Friedman

Mr./Mrs. A. J. Gagliarducci
John and Walter Gusdorf
Mr./Mrs. Bruce Hardy
Mr./Mrs. Whitney R. Harris
Mr./Mrs. Harry Hayashi
Mr./Mrs. Jimmie Hayashi
Mrs. Marue Hayashi & Family
Mr./Mrs. William J. Hedley
Mr./Mrs. Richard Henmi
Mr./Mrs. Kiichi Hiramoto
Anne B. Hopkins

Kathy Houpt

Mr./Mrs. Leo Howe & Family
Mr./Mrs. Joe Inukai
Mr./Mrs. Frank Y. ltogawa
Mr./Mrs. Ed S. Izumi
Mr./Mrs. W. Boardman Jones, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Akio Kamachi

Mrs. Mitsue Kamachi
Mr./Mrs. Henry Kato

Mrs. Ryo Kato

Mrs. Ted Kato

Richard and Kimi Kawanishi
Dr./Mrs. Henry Kazato
Mr./Mrs. Hugo Kazato

Mrs. Jisaku Kazato

Kazuko Kinoshita

Leonard and Mary Kirberg
Mr./Mrs. Sam Koshio

Glenn E. Lancaster

Mr./Mrs. Oliver M. Langenberg
Mr./Mrs. John C. Lebens
Mr./Mrs. Emil Lenz

Vance and Dolores Lischer
Harold B. Lockett

Mr./Mrs. J. W. Malottki
Mr./Mrs. Paul Maruyama
Mr. George Masunaga

Mrs. Taki Masunaga
Mr./Mrs. Pat Matsushita & Family
Mr./Mrs. Peter McKellar
Mr./Mrs. E. Reed McNabb
Robert L. Merriman

Percy Z. Michener

Mr./Mrs. Ted Mirikitani

Bob and Anne Mitori

Mrs. Helen Miyasaka
Mr./Mrs. Henry Mizuki

Mr./Mrs. Hisashi Mori
Mr./Mrs. lsao Mori
Mr./Mrs. Mutsuo Mori
Mr./Mrs. Norio Mori
Mr./Mrs. Tetsuzo Mori
Dr./Mrs. Alfred Morioka
G. J. Morr

Rev./Mrs. Harry Murakami!
Mr. Harry Nagahama
Mr./Mrs. Dick Nagano
Mr./Mrs. George Nagano
Mr./Mrs. Kim Nagano
Mr./Mrs. George Nakamura
Mrs. M. Nakamura
Mr./Mrs. Y. Nakamura
Sam M. Nakamo
Mr./Mrs. Goichi Nerio
Fred D. Newman, Jr
Mr./Mrs. Oscar D. Norling
Mr./Mrs. Fred B. Oda
Mr./Mrs. Sam Oda

Mrs. Toshi Oda

Mr./Mrs. Taro Ohashi

Dr. Masao Ohmoto
Mr./Mrs. Mits Okazaki
Mr./Mrs. Hideo Oshiro
Mr./Mrs. Toru Otsuji
Mr./Mrs. Nori Origuchi

Pitzman’s Co. Surveyors & Engineers

Mr./Mrs. Robert Pommer

Mr./Mrs. Roy Preusser

Price Bros. Independent
Concrete Pipe Co

Gene and Helen Rovak

Mrs. Hazel Sack

George and Jean Sallwasser

Mrs. Ritsuko Shoji

Mr./Mrs. Victor Silber

Dr./Mrs. James C. Sisk

Mr./Mrs. Cornelius F. Stueck

Mr./Mrs. Taney Tajiri

Dr./Mrs. George M. Tanaka

Mr./Mrs. Joe Tanaka

Mr./Mrs. Roy Tanaka

The Angelo Testa Family

Harold and Marie Theerman

Mark and David Turken

Mr./Mrs. Robert S. Turner

Dr./Mrs. George Uchiyama

Mr./Mrs. Shigio Frank Watanabe

Dr./Mrs. Robert Whang

Doris Winnemann

Mr./Mrs. Sam Yagyu

Mrs. Y. Yahanda

Mr. Hideji Yakushiji & Family

Mrs. Tokiye and Mr. Hitoshi Yamaguchi

Y.N. Yamamoto

Miss Flora Yamaoka
Mr./Mrs. Mac Yoshida |
Mrs. Haruko Yoshioka

In Memory of Mrs. Alfred Lewold
Mr./Mrs. George Achuff

In Memory of Gladys P. Louisda
Elaine P. Henkle

In Memory of Mr. Lucien Manion
Mr./Mrs. P. C. Hauck

In Memory of T. Rex McClure
Flower Arrangers Circle

In Memory of Mr. Eugene G. Monnig
Dr./Mrs. Armand D. Fries

In Memory of Mr. Roy N. Schoening
Mrs. G. Hicks

Mrs. M. Konvicka

Mr./Mrs. Thomas F. Latzer

Mr. Terry Mueller

In Memory of Mrs. Mildred Shubert
Marjorie L. Feuz

In Memory of Mrs. J. G. T. Spink
Mrs. C. C. Johnson Spink

In Memory of Virgil Strader
Laura Graf

Kathryn Klinge

Mr./Mrs. Jim Loveless
Lillie Ruediger

Mr./Mrs. Jeff Schmidt
Dr./Mrs. J. Schmidt

In Memory of Catharine Sutherland
Mrs. J. H. Harper

In Memory of August W. Torluemke
Mr./Mrs. Edward M. Fettes

In Memory of Mr. William Gage
von Weise

Affiliated Hospital Products, Inc.

Mrs. George Allen

L. V. Argo

Mr./Mrs. Alfred H. Boettler

Mrs. John M. Bowlin

Philip N. Bredesen

Clayton Trust Co.

Mr./Mrs. Thomas R. Collins, Jr.

Mrs. Edwin R. Culver, Jr.

Mr./Mrs. Edward N. Cunliff

W. E. Dunnick

Ivan L. and Jack R. Davidson

Robert J. Eckert

Cordelia and Russell Fette

Ford Tool Steels, Inc.

General Metal Products Co., Officers
& Directors

Roy R. Heimburger

Mr./Mrs. William Richard Huey
Mr./Mrs. F. William Human, Jr.

John A. Jubell

John and Bonnie Latzer

Mr./Mrs. Henry C. Lutz. Jr

In Memory of Richard Hellman
Alice Husch

In Memory of Margo Hermann
Karl and Addie Strobach

In Memory of Mrs. W. Warren Kirkbride
Mrs. C. W. Bliss

Mrs. William T. Chafee

Historical Committee, Hostesses of Towel!
Grove House

W. Finley McElroy

Mr./Mrs. Carroll F. McMahon
Robert L. McNamara
Mr./Mrs. Albert A. Michenfelder, Jr.
Mrs. Ralph F. Piper

Powers, Carpenter & Hall, Inc.
Mr./Mrs. Robert Putnam
Franklin Rassieur

John B. Reinhart

John B. Reinhart, Jr.

Mr./Mrs. Charles Reynolds

G. J. Skene

Mr./Mrs. Sanford Spitzer
Sunset 44 Restaurant

J.V. Walsh

Janet Whitacre, Dale & Karen

In Memory of Hazel Wallach
Judy Crow

Helen Goertz

Mr./Mrs. Beecher Henderson
Martha Maxwell

Shirley Schmidt

Helen Sheppart

Anne Sullivan

In Memory of Mrs. Werner J. Westphalen
Mr./Mrs. Tom S. Eakin, Jr.

In Memory of Mr. Douglas Williams
Mrs. James E. Crawford

In Memory of Kathryn L. Wilson
Mrs. Arthur H. Stein, Jr.

In Memory of Mrs. Ruth Wurdack
Mr./Mrs. Charles Spalding

MISSOURI! BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN
2345 Tower Grove Avenue
Saint Louis, Missouri 63110

SECOND CLASS
POSTAGE

PAID
AT ST. LOUIS, MO.

Missouri
Botanical

Garden
Bulletin

Holiday gifts
that keep on
growing,
Pages 6-7.

Treaty With Nature

A BOTANI STS REPORT FROM PANAMA

Dr. Thomas B. Croat, associate curator at the Garden, backpacks
into the jungle to collect specimens of Panamanian plants.

The jet plane touches the ground in Tocumen
Airport in Panama and the warm tropical air lays
a finger on his cheek. The botanist from St. Louis,
here to collect plants for the Garden, is in reality
collecting for the world. He is much more than
a plant collector and may well have numerous
scientific pursuits while in the Republic. Sophis-
ticated though he may be, he may not realize how
many areas of science his efforts touch and how

far across the globe his studies may reach.

The botanist has no problems with Panamanian
Customs; for one thing most of his collecting gear

is tucked away in a trailer belonging to the
Garden, maintained in the Canal Zone by a staff
member for the more-than-occasional-visiting
botanist. As the taxi transports him in the direction
of Panama City, the soft rustle of the light-swept
roadside grasses reminds him of his mission. He
muses about the rare species he has collected or
will collect on Cerro Jefe, a low mountain only
an hour’s ride from the airport. Thoughts of the
rain forests of the highlands or Chiriqui, besprinkled
with orchids, aroids, and bromeliads, or of the
roadless swamplands of Darien, rich in rare species
and inhabited by the Cuna and Choco Indians,
flash across his mind. The taxi emerges from the
semi-darkness into the well-lighted streets of
Panama City. He is less than 10 minutes from
the mighty Panama Canal. As he passes the campus
of Panama University, with its formidable array
of modern buildings, the myriad lights of the
classrooms stand as a reminder that thousands of
students can only earn degrees by studying at
night and working by day. He recalls that there is
in one building a rapidly burgeoning herbarium of
dried plants from Panama. The Curator of the
herbarium is Mireya Correa A., a Panamanian
botanist who received her master’s degree in sys-
tematic botany from Duke University and for a
time studied in the herbarium of the Missouri
Botanical Garden. She is ably assisted in the
herbarium by Senor Alberto Taylor and Senor N.
Escobar. Many Americans, including some from
the Garden, have contributed their collections with-
out thought of politics or monetary reward. While
political forces are at work in all human endeavors,
the traditions of science have established opera-
tional procedures whereby non-sensitive informa-
tion can be pooled freely. A good example is the
long-standing cooperation between the Garden and

the Republic of Panama. (Continued on Page 2)

Volume LXV Number 12
December 1977

A BOTANIST’S REPORT (Continued from Page 1)

The Garden has the largest collection of
herbarium specimens from Panama of any institu-
tion in the world. A rough estimate is that the
compactors of the John S. Lehmann Building of the
Garden, a treasury of two and one-half million
sheets of dried plants, has a tenth of a million
from the Isthmus. Dr. Thomas Croat, associate
curator of the Garden and an authority on the
vegetation of the man-made Barro Colorado Island
in the heart of Gatun Lake in the Canal, has
collected more specimens of plants (24,000
numbers to be multiplied by about four to include
the duplicates found under each number) than any
one of the 300 collectors who have botanized on
the Isthmus. Collecting began in 1701, the year
James Wallace collected the first herbarium speci-
men in the ill-fated Scotch colony in Darien. Since
1960, more than 50 botanists from the Garden,
including numerous graduate students, have col-
lected plants here, the specimens being distributed
to more than 80 herbaria around the world. The
Garden (and other prominent institutions, like the
Smithsonian Institution which maintains an active
biological research program in Panama, Florida
State University, Duke University, the University
of Panama, etc.) has sown the seeds of the vege-
tation of the Republic so to speak, in the herbarium
cases of the world.

Some people are surprised to learn that the
easiest, most practical, and most workable way of
inventorying and sampling the vegetation of the
world is through an herbarium. Like Alfred
Lord Tennyson's brook, generations of people may
come and go but the dried specimens go on
forever, provided they are kept free of insects,
mold, and properly curated. Often these inert
lifeless specimens supply the most vital answers
to problems in horticulture, agriculture, pharma-
cology, and ecology. One would be remiss in not
acknowledging the importance of the Garden's
library in supporting the herbarium as well as the
role of the living collections.

The Garden entered Panama in post World-
War | days through the doorway of horticulture.
The fine collections of orchids seen today at the
Garden are a reflection of yesteryear. In the early
1920's, several years after the opening of the
Panama Canal (1914), a young Kew-trained
horticulturist on the staff of the Garden, George
Pring, encountered Charles Powell, a retired post-
man living in the Canal Zone. The latter, an amateur
orchidologist, had so filled his home with living
orchids that space became a serious problem. In a
spirit of generosity Powell offered these to the
Garden. To care for them and to provide a supply
line for the greenhouses in St. Louis, the Garden
established a Tropical Station in Ancon, in the Canal
Zone. This flourished until the Station became a
victim of the great depression.

2

The Rio Dos Bocas in Panama, altitude 450 meters, flows through
the region where Garden-sponsored collecting has been carried out
for decades

George Pring was also world famous for his
breeding of water lilies. He provided the writer
with the biggest surprise experienced on his first
trip to Panama in 1959. On visiting Summit
Garden in the Canal Zone, a jewel of an outdoor
horticultural display, the writer was astonished at
how much the water lilies in the pool resembled
those growing in the pools of the Garden in St.
Louis, some 3,000 miles away. They should have!
For the hybrids were created in St. Louis and
subsequently planted in the Canal Zone!

The Tropical Station closed its doors in the
Canal Zone, but it had served to open another
area of interest in Panama—the systematic
collection of Panamanian plants for permanent
deposit in the Garden’s herbarium. These dried
specimens served as the foundation for the grand
floristic survey of the Isthmus being published,
plant family by plant family, as the Flora of Panama,
the first fascicle of which appeared in the Anna/s
in 1943. This vast inventory of the species of seed
plants, financed by the National Science Founda-
tion, is currently nearing completion under the
guidance of Dr. William D’Arcy of the Garden’s
staff. Every genus of plant is illustrated and the
descriptions of species and plates amount to more
than 7,000 pages. It is the most comprehensive
flora in Central America. Through its pages the
vegetation of Panama is made available to
the world.

In a day when a new treaty between the United
States and Panama is being proposed and political
maneuvering is reaching a fever pitch, the Garden
and its botanical and scientific friends in Panama
can proceed in cooperative effort in the usual
productive way. They have walked a roadway clear
of political entanglements. They have a common
bond in the vegetation and from a scientific view-
point the vegetation belongs to everyone. Our
botanical friend who stepped from the plane has
no worries.

—John D. Dwyer

River Basin Report
Completed

The Ecological Services Department has com-
pleted a report on the major biological issues on
the Mississippi River for the Upper Mississippi
River Basin Commission. The Commission, which
is comprised of 10 federal agencies and the gover-
nors of six states, has been authorized by Congress
to develop a comprehensive management plan for
the Mississippi River. The Mississippi River from
the mouth of the Ohio River at Cairo, Illinois, north
to the Twin Cities has been divided into three sec-
tions. The Garden’s section covers the area from
Cairo, Illinois, north to Saverton, Missouri, about
10 miles south of Hannibal.

Twenty-six biological concerns were described
in the report, including such topics as the amount
of remaining natural habitat, floral and faunal
diversity and ecosystem stability. In some areas, up
to 95 percent of the natural vegetation has been
removed for agriculture. If the trend continues,
numerous plants and animals could be eliminated
from the area. There are more than 300 vascular
plant species in the area, about 100 fishes, and
more than 400 amphibians, reptiles, birds, and
mammals.

The report was written by Rick Daley and is a
synthesis of published and unpublished data. In
addition to the information collected during the
Garden's 1974 study of the Mississippi River flood-
plain vegetation, information and ideas were
obtained from state and federal agencies, such as
the Illinois and Missouri departments of conserva-
tion, the Corps of Engineers, the U. S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, and the Coalition for the Environ-
ment. Those issues which could be clarified or re-
solved by further research were of special interest,
since the report will be a major factor in deter-
mining research programs during the next few
years as the Commission develops its comprehen-
sive planning recommendations.

Annual Drive Launched
In November

The Garden’s annual solicitation drive, held
each year to provide funding for general Garden
Support and support for specific programs, was
launched in November with a mail campaign di-
rected at Members and Garden friends.

The goal for this year’s campaign, a fund-
raising effort separate from the ongoing develop-
ment and capital improvement drive, has been set
at $21,000.

Members are encouraged to include the Garden
in their holiday and year-end giving plans.

Poinsettias Headline
Christmas Show

Poinsettias in all shades of red, hot pink, pink-
white and white, and numbering 4,500 specimens
will be the main feature of the Christmas Show
this year. In addition, there will be poinsettia baskets
and some novelty varieties. Azaleas; begonias,
including cascading varieties; kalanchoes: and Je-
rusalem cherries all will add splashes of color to
the Floral Display House. A special feature will be
Christmas cacti in baskets and on frames in the
shape of Christmas trees.

Visit the Garden to view the Christmas show
between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., December 10 through
January 9. The show has been made possible
through the assistance of the Missouri Arts Council.

Garden Members and their families are invited
to a preview of the Poinsettia Show and an evening
of festivities for children of all ages. On Friday,
December 9, from 5 to 7:30 p.m. in the Floral
Display House, Santa Claus and Merlin of the Mind
with his magic tricks will make a special trip to the
Garden. There will be something special for each
child, including a chance to win a door prize.

The Garden gratefully acknowledges Sears,
Roebuck and Company for making this family
event possible.

Tower Grove House At Christmas

Tower Grove House will be closed December
12 for holiday decoration; but will reopen for
visitation thereafter daily from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m.
The following people and/or groups will be in
charge of the various room and area decorations:
outside tree, the David Goudy family; hallway
and Mr. Shaw’s office, Women’s Executive Board;
dining room, Tower Grove House Historical Com-
mittee; kitchen, St. Louis Herb Society; twin
parlors, Tower Grove House Auxiliary; Garneau
Room, Sowing Circle Garden Club; January Room
and upstairs study, Plant Shop; Shaw bedroom,
Frontenac Garden Club; guest room and all
windows, Ladue Garden Club.

3

24th Annual Systematics Symposium: African Systematic Studies

During the 24 years of its existence, the
Garden’s Annual Symposium has become a tradi-
tion in the worldwide systematics community. The
topics discussed vary from year to year, but the
Symposium always attracts botanists and zoolo-
gists from all over the United States and often
the world.

The National Science Foundation, through a
grant, supports the Symposium which is admin-
istered by Dr. Gerrit Davidse and the Garden’s
botany staff.

“African Systematics Studies’ was the 1977
topic, appropriate because the Garden is the North
American center for the study of African botany.
The herbarium contains 300,000 specimens of
plants from that area, some of which date from the
founding of the herbarium through the purchase
of the Bernhardi Herbarium in 1859.

It was not until Dr. Robert Woodson became
curator of the herbarium in 1948 that any particu-
lar emphasis was put on the acquisition of African
plants. During Dr. Woodson’s curatorship, a partic-
ular effort was made to obtain photographs of type
specimens which are deposited in several impor-
tant European herbaria. These photographs are
often nearly as useful as a specimen and duplicate
prints of them have been exchanged with many
other institutions. From 1964 to 1971, Dr. Walter
H. Lewis headed the herbarium, and under his

administration the Garden became recognized as
the North American repository for African plant
specimens. Also during that period, the B. A.
Krukoff Memorial Fund was established to pur-
chase additional African specimens. In 1975, Dr.
Peter Goldblatt assumed the newly created B. A.
Krukoff Curatorship of African Botany, thus estab-
lishing an active research program in the African
flora at the Garden. During the past five years, six
of the Garden’s curators, in addition to Dr.
Goldblatt, have made plant collecting expeditions
to various parts of Africa. This is reflected in
increased acquisition of new material from Africa.
In 1965, 500 African plants were obtained; in
1971, 1,000 were obtained; in 1972, 8,000 were
obtained; and during 1976, more than 15,000
new plants were obtained through exchange and
purchase.

As usual, the Symposium featured speakers
concerned with both plants and animals. Africa
was divided into four large geographical segments,
and invited speakers discussed the plants of each.
The Garden was fortunate to be able to have three
experts on the African flora visit from Europe,
especially for this occasion.

Professor P. Quezel, from the Universite de
Droit, d'Economie et des Sciences d’Aix-Marseille,
France, summarized what is known about the flora
of northern Africa, which includes the Mediterra-

Principal speakers during
the 24th Annual
Systematics Symposium
were, from /eft, Dr. Peter
Goldblatt, B.A. Krukoff
Curator of African Botany
at the Garden; Dr. H. B.S.
Cooke, Dalhousie
University, Halifax,

Nova Scotia; Dr. Clark
Howell, the University of
California-Berkeley, Dr.
C. D. Michener, the
University of Kansas,
Prof. J. F. Leroy, director,
Laboratorie de
Phanerogamie, Museum
National d'Histoire
Naturelle, Paris; and
Prof. P. Quezel, Universite
de Droit, d'Economie et
des Sciences d’‘Aix-
Marseille, France.

nean and Saharan zones. Prof. Quézel has had
wide experience in this part of Africa, and is the
author of several books concerning the plants of
this area.

Mr. J. P. M. Brenan, Director, Royal Botanic
Garden, Kew, England, spoke about the flora of
tropical Africa, while Dr. Peter Goldblatt of the
Garden analyzed the very rich flora of southern
Africa.

Professor J. F. Leroy, who is director of the
Laboratoire de Phanerogamie, Museum National
d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, discussed the
very interesting and unique flora of Madagascar.

A surprise presentation during the Symposium
was a short color film presented by Dr. D. Wein,
University of Utah. Recently, Dr. Wein had pro-
posed on the basis of circumstantial evidence that
certain South African plants are pollinated by non-
flying mammals, namely, mice. Recently, he pro-
duced a moving picture of these plants being
visited and pollinated by a particular species of
South African mouse. Fortunately for those at-
tending the Symposium, Dr. Wein had brought his
previously unseen motion picture film with him to
the Symposium, and he was able to both show the
film and explain the meaning of it to the audience.

The two zoologists who spoke at the Sympo-
sium were concerned with very different groups of

animals. Dr. C. D. Michener, University of Kansas,
discussed the biogeography of bees, with particu-
lar reference to African bees. Dr. H. B. S. Cooke,
Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, dis-
cussed African mammals and the fossil record in
an illustrated talk.

The evening speaker was Dr. Clark Howell,
University of California, Berkeley, who discussed
many of the recent discoveries about the kinds of
conditions under which early man evolved in
Africa. Clearly, many of the recently developed
techniques for studying past environments will
help to elucidate the problems surrounding the
early evolution of man, and clearly also, studies
of this interesting topic will become increasingly
interdisciplinary.

The 24th Symposium was certainly one ot the
most interesting. The presence of speakers from
England and France indicates the international im-
portance of the event. That one of the world’s
leading experts on the flora of southern Africa is
on the Garden’s own staff reflects the important
contribution the Garden is making to knowledge
about Africa’s flora. The papers from the Sym-
posium will soon be published in expanded form
in the Garden’s Anna/s—an issue which will contain
the best and most up-to-date summary of much of
what we know about Africa’s biota.

AN ALDERMANIC VISIT — ©
Dr. Peter H. Raven, left, ©
Garden director, conducts
a recent Flower Wagon tour
for St. Louis Mayor James F.
Conway and members of the
St. Lou's Board of Aldermen.

Christmas is many things to many people. It is
safe to say that at this season more than any
other, love and admiration find unique fulfillment
in the art of giving.

This year, experience the infinite array of living
gifts in the Plant Shop. Nothing quite matches the
poinsettia for setting the holiday mood; few gifts
can claim the ongoing thrill of a flourishing green
appointment to one’s home.

The selection this season will be grand, featuring
all the traditional favorites as well as the unusual
and the rare. You are cordially invited to experience
the joy of giving a gift of life. Visit the Plant Shop
this season and allow us to help you with the gift
of life for a gift of love.

The Plant Shop is open from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.
daily.

Philodendron cannifolium.

The Plant Shop,
reflections of botanical
abundance

For the 1977 holiday season, the Plant Shop is offering a wide
variety of plant gifts in all sizes.

Spathiphyllum hybrid.

Mirs. G. F. Hasegawa

Friends and colleagues of Skeets Hasegawa
were saddened and somehow felt diminished by
her sudden death. While in California enrolling one
of her daughters in college, she was suddenly taken
ill and died.

Mrs. Hasegawa has long been an active friend
of the Garden serving in many capacities. She
recently retired as vice president of the Executive
Board of Members. On that board she served as
chairman of the preview party committee which
included five parties a year. Skeets helped to create
dried flower arrangements that were used in Tower
Grove House and others that were sold in the
Garden Gate Shop.

Another of her active roles was as a member
of the Japan America Society. She will be
remembered by all of those who knew her as a
lovely, artistic, capable person.

Mrs. Hasegawa is survived by her husband,
three daughters, her parents, three sisters and
two brothers.

Dr. Raven Honored

Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director, was hon-
ored in November by the Flora Place Protective
Association, on the occasion of its 25th Annual
Installation Dinner. The Annual Flora Place Award
for Civic Achievement reads as follows:

The Flora Place Protective Association presents this plaque
to Peter H. Raven for his distinguished contribution to the
advancement and national reputation of St. Louis and to
the enjoyment and education of its citizens through the
excellence of his work as Director of Missouri Botanical
Garden. Dated: November 4, 1977

Development Drive
—A Progress Report

The Garden’s development and capital improve-
ment campaign, launched last August to raise
$6 million for construction of a new Visitor Orien-
tation/Education Center and other improvements,
has reached and passed the “one third of the way”
mark in less than four months of community-
wide solicitation.

Robert R. Hermann, campaign chairman, re-
ported that the $2 million mark in campaign
pledges was reached in November when the Brown
Group, Inc., Charitable Trust announced a $60,000
contribution to the campaign.

8

Magnet School,
Garden Program
Renewed For 1977-78

For the second year, federal funds have been
made available under the Emergency School Aid
Act (ESAA) for the Garden’s education staff to
continue the plant science program with Stix
Magnet Schools. This year’s program will feature
a series of eight workshop sessions for the
teachers. Some sessions will be at the Arboretum
and others at the Garden. The workshops are
designed to increase awareness among the
teachers involved of the resources of the Garden.
This awareness will serve to guide teachers, with
the help of Garden staff, in curriculum planning
and enable full utilization of the Garden as a
valuable resource. Among the topics for these
sessions will be plant physiology, microscope
techniques and a joint program with the Art
Museum on Japanese art, which will relate to the
Japanese Garden.

David Goudy will serve as project director
and will be working with Ken Peck, Susanne
McNamara, the Arboretum staff and one additional
person of the education staff on this continuing
project. This exciting project is one of several co-
operative programming efforts in which the Garden
serves aS a major cultural resource in assisting
St. Louis public schools. The Magnet school pro-
gram is a federally funded effort to aid desegre-
gation and reduce racial isolation. Children will be
involved in innovative experiences at the Garden
and Arboretum, which will be continued and ex-
panded in the classroom.

The objectives of the Garden association with
Stix Magnet School are three-fold. One: small
group activities to encourage student cooperation
and promote investigative learning; two: scientific
enrichment activities at the Garden and Arboretum
that cannot be easily duplicated in the classroom;
and three: to foster an appreciation and increase
the student's awareness of thenatural environment.

Southern Comfort

A toast to spring in the South, the Garden’s
next Members’ trip, will feature New Orleans,
Natchez, Jackson, and Biloxi with three nights on
the Delta Queen riverboat. Plan to come aboard
for Southern fun — March 31 to April 9.

For more information, call the Members’ Office,
772-7600, Ext. 25.

The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is pub-
lished 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical
Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110.
Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year.
$6.00 foreign.

Gardening in st. Louis

Outdoor garden chores are nearly over for the
season. A final raking and cleaning of the garden
might be necessary. Additional debris might be
added to the compost pile. Then, take time to cur!
up in an armchair or sofa and read some of the
new garden books to get ideas for next spring.
While memories are still fresh, it is a good idea to
note the plants that did not do well in the garden
and plan to replace these with different varieties
next spring.

December is the month of gift giving, so it is
appropriate to present garden friends with certifi-
cates from garden shops where they may purchase
gift items for use in the garden next spring.
Amaryllis bulbs which come prepotted make ideal
gifts. The plant is easily grown by following the
directions and will flower for the Christmas holiday
or shortly after. Wait to bring bulb stock in for
forcing until after the first of January as nine
weeks of cool growing temperatures below 40°
are required for best results.

HOME GREENHOUSES

Home greenhouses need to be watched for
temperature fluctuations. Some fresh air daily can
be very beneficial for plants and reducing night
temperature can cut down the energy bill. Place
frames around the greenhouse so that plastic is
suspended on the outer edges of the greenhouse
and can be drawn across the top of the plants in
late afternoon. The heat can be reduced consider-
ably but kept high around plants where it is
needed. Check regularly for insects. Since red
spider can be a problem, control with Pentac.
Plants both indoors and in the greenhouse need
careful attention. Overwatering can kill many
plants by cutting down on the loss of air around
the roots. Water only when plants have dried out
considerably, but keep them moist enough to pre-
vent wilting. Feeding should be avoided unless
plants are growing actively or are flowering. Flow-
ering plants, such as African violets and others,
will need regular feeding to keep them in good
condition. Most Christmas gift plants are best if
given as cool an area as possible during the night
hours but kept out of drafts. A night temperature
reduction of 15° will prolong their life consider-
ably. However, make sure they get plenty of light
during the day. Azaleas which are usually potted in
peat moss should be submerged in enough water
to cover soil ball until all air bubbles cease. Drain
well before displaying. House plants that are doing
poorly should be given more light and increased
humidity. This can be accomplished by placing
plants on trays containing pebbles. Keep water
level below surface of pebbles because pots should
not sit in water. As water evaporates humidity is

increased, improving the environment. In some
cases increasing the light will also bring back
better color.

BURLAPPING

Plants which suffered last year from the severe
cold can be protected by placing burlap around the
plants. Fasten burlap to stakes driven into the
ground around the plant. Allow six inches between
ground and burlap, and one foot above plant to
permit air to circulate. Azaleas, rhododendrons
and boxwood which are exposed to southwest
winds or the winter sun often suffer from burned
foliage. It is important to see that all plants have
had additional mulch around them to protect the
ground from freezing too deeply. Wood ash from
fireplaces makes excellent fertilizer. However,
ashes should be stored in dry areas for application
next spring. Value will be lost by using ashes too
early. Wood ashes are excellent when applied
around plants such as lilacs which flourish in an
alkaline soil. Avoid using them around azaleas,
rhododendrons and other plants which prefer an
acid type soil.

This is a good time to clean up the garden
storage area. Fertilizer should not be left in open
bags where moisture can cause it to break down. It
should be placed in airtight containers to prevent
moisture accumulation. Sprays should be labeled
and stored where temperatures are 50° to 60°;
avoid freezing. Place out of reach of children. Gar-
den tools should be thoroughly cleaned with soap
and water, sharpened, if necessary, and rubbed
with oil. Powdered insecticides and fertilizers can
be stored in plastic bags, sealing the bags against
moisture. Pots and other containers should be
thoroughly cleaned, ready for use when it is time
to begin seeding again. Seed left over from last
year should be stored at temperatures of around
45° To prevent moisture damage, mix a small
amount of powdered milk with the seed and store
in airtight jars.

AFRICAN VIOLETS

African violets which are not flowering indicate
insufficient light. Increase the light by placing them
to a window where there is more direct light or
close to artificial light. Usually flowering will begin
within four to six weeks. Other house plants which
are not doing well can be pruned back. Decrease
watering until active growth resumes. Keep them
in areas where they get good light. As the days
begin to lengthen, new growth will begin to appear
and plants will be much more sturdy. It is important
to check for insects by examining under the leaves

(Continued on Page 10)

9

GARDENING IN ST.LOUIS...

(Continued from Page 9)

and along the stems. Any sign of insects should be
controlled immediately by moving the plants to a
well ventilated area on a mild day, spraying them
thoroughly and leaving them to dry before moving
them back into their permanent position. Check
the soil for soil gnats and, if present, consider
using Diazinon, one tablespoon per gallon of water,
watering it into the soil in place of a regular water-
ing. There should be sufficient moisture for a small
amount to come through the bottom of the pot. An
extra application may be necessary in 10 to 14

days for full control.

—Robert J. Dingwall
Chief Horticulturist

MEMBERSHIPS—OCTOBER 1977

HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES

Mr./Mrs. Howard F. Baer
Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom
Mrs. Irene C. Jones

Dr./Mrs. H. Kendig

Mrs. John S. Lehmann
Mr./Mrs. James S. McDonnell, Jr
Mrs. Florence T. Morris

Mr. Spencer T. Olin

Mr./Mrs. W. R. Orthwein, Jr
Mrs. Howard E. Ridgway
Mr./Mrs. Frederic M. Robinson
Mrs. Gladney Ross

Mr. S. C. Sachs

Mr./Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly
Mr./Mrs. Warren M. Shapleigh
Mr./Mrs. Sydney Shoenberg, Jr.
Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Sr.
Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr
Mr./Mrs. C. C. Johnson Spink
Mrs. Hermann F. Spoehrer
Mrs. Ben H. Wells

DIRECTOR'S ASSOCIATES

Mr./Mrs. Alexander M. Bakewell
Mr. Clarence C. Barksdale

Mr. E. G. Cherbonnier

Mr. Sam’! C. Davis

Mr./Mrs. August H. Hummert, III
Mr./Mrs. Eldridge Lovelace
Mr./Mrs. A. Timon Primm, III
Mr./Mrs. Roland Quest

Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Ridgway
Miss Harriet J. Tatman

Mr./Mrs. Harold E. Thayer

NEW MEMBERSHIPS

SUSTAINING

Ms. Marion N. Block
Mr. Charles Kemper
Mr./Mrs. Nick Rallo

CONTRIBUTING

Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Adkins
Dr. Arch M. Ahern

10

Mr./Mrs. Ronald Alderfer
Mr./Mrs. Albert Davis

Mr. Richard H. Haag
Mr./Mrs. Edward A. Holekamp
Mr. Gordon Karraker
Mr./Mrs. L. M. Lippman, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Louis T. Maull, III
Dr. John M. McCarthy
Dr./Mrs. John S. Schoentag
Mr./Mrs. Warner Simons
Mr. Mahlon B. Wallace, III

NEW MEMBERSHIPS
REGULAR

Mr./Mrs. Stephen L. Abelov
Mr./Mrs. Wayne L. Adams
Mrs. Jackie E. Akers

Mrs. Louise W. Alexander
Mr./Mrs. Michael Allen

Mrs. Myrthle Althoff
Mr./Mrs. John S. Allen
Mr./Mrs. James A. Amling
Mr./Mrs. Ralph J. Anderson
Mr./Mrs. Robert R. Andre
Mrs. Fred Anthon

Dr./Mrs. R. M. Arthur

Mrs. Frances E. Athy
Mr./Mrs. Ronald Bardol
Mr./Mrs. John M. Backes
Mr./Mrs. John A. Barker
Mr. William R. Barnes
Dr./Mrs. Simon L. Baumgarten
Mr./Mrs. Roger E. Beal
Miss Lucille Becker
Mr./Mrs. Frederick J. Beebe
Mr./Mrs. William L. Behan, Ill
Mr./Mrs. Theodore L. Behle
Mrs. Georgia M. Bell
Mr./Mrs. Otto Beldt
Mr./Mrs. Carl Bender
Mr./Mrs. Dean Benge
Mr./Mrs. Richard W. Bennet
Mr. George E. Berg
Mr./Mrs. Dennis P. Berman
Mir./Mrs. Clarence A. Bester
Mr./Mrs. August D. Beyer
Mr./Mrs. Kenneth H. Bitting
Mr. Craig Blackwell

Mr./Mrs. F. C. Blumeyer
Capt./Mrs. James R. Blum
Mr./Mrs. Otto P. Blumfelder
Mrs. Forrest Boecker

Miss Evelyn Boedicker

Miss Velva B. Boggs
Dr./Mrs. Thomas H. Boldt
Mrs. Katherine Boles

Mr. Hamlin Bolt

Mrs. Trish Bowen

Mr./Mrs. Larry Borowiak
Mr./Mrs. Thomas Boudinet
Mrs. Ruth |. Bradley
Dr./Mrs. William S. Brandhorst
Mr./Mrs. Junior F. Branson
Ms. Julia Brawley

Mr. Jerome C. Brendel
Mr./Mrs. Vincent T. Brescia
Mr./Mrs. Marshall B. Bridwell
Mr./Mrs. Charles E. Briner
Mrs. Geraldine L. Brischetto
Mr./Mrs. Paul J. Britton
Mr./Mrs. James E. Brown
Mr./Mrs. Jerry G. Brown
Mr./Mrs. Lewis J. Brown
Mr. William Brown

Mr./Mrs. Robert V. Brulle
Mr./Mrs. Anthony A. Buford
Mrs. Teresa Bukowsky

Mr. James E. Bulfin

Mr. David T. Burbank
Dr./Mrs. Donald O. Burst
Mr./Mrs. Ulrich W. Busch
Mr./Mrs. Thomas M. Busken
Mr./Mrs. Chester J. Cadle
Mrs. B. Jas. Cahill

Dr./Mrs. Joseph D. Callahan
Mr./Mrs. John W. Campbell
Mr./Mrs. Arthur E. Carlson
Mrs. Jeanne Carnighan
Mr./Mrs. Joseph V. Carson
Mr./Mrs. Ed. H. Cartlidge, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Nicholas T. Carton
Mr. Frank J. Ceplecha

Dr. Shih-Chung Chang
Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Clabault
Mrs. Charles E. Claggett

Ms. Cynthia M. Clisham

Mr. Robert K. Cloyd

Miss Alice L. Cochran
Mr./Mrs. Lloyd L. Cole

Mr. John B. Colligan

Mrs. Kitty Colligan

Miss Frances A. Colombo
Mrs. S. F. Conley, Jr.

Mrs. Earl M. Conner

Mr. Neal P. Conroy

Mr./Mrs. Charles E. Conyers
Ms. Carolyn J. Cornelius
Mr./Mrs. James C. Cowhey
Mrs. Leland K. Cowie

Mrs. Virginia L. Cowger
Mr./Mrs. Alfred Crancer
Mr./Mrs. L. Z. Creley

Mrs. Fenton L. Crews

Miss Tommie Crites
Mr./Mrs. Eugene D. Cronk
Dr. Jane Cross

Mr./Mrs. Charles W. Crow
Mr. William B. Crowder
Mr./Mrs. Martin J. Crudden
Mr./Mrs. Leonard M. Cuchna
Mr./Mrs. Raymond Cumming
Mr./Mrs. E. P. Cunningham
Mr./Mrs. Murrell T. Cunningham
Mrs. Celia G. Curl

Ms. Diana Damon

Mrs. Carl Dauten

Mrs. Frances Davis

Mrs. Sheila H. Davis

Mr./Mrs. John Dean

Ms. Evelyn A. Delbridge

Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Dieckhaus

Mrs. Albert Diederich

Mr./Mrs. Harold J. Dierkers

Mrs. Russell H. Doerner

Mr./Mrs. Thomas M. Donohue

Ms. Ellen C. Donovan

Mr./Mrs. James L. Doyle

Ms. D. Doxtad

Miss Kathy Druschky

Mrs. Marie B.Duffy

Ms. Barbara Dugger

Mr./Mrs. Bill Duggin

Mrs. Adrienne Dvorak

Mrs. R. B. East

Miss Bonnie Easterday

Mr./Mrs. George Eberle

Miss E. R. Engel

Mr./Mrs. H. B. Engel

Mr./Mrs. William R. England, Jr.

Mr./Mrs. Noman A. Eshbaugh

Mr. Robert D. Evans

Mrs. Carmen Farnbach

Mr./Mrs. John P. Farabee, II

Mr./Mrs. John J. Faust, Jr.

Mr./Mrs. John E. Feldhaus

Mr./Mrs. Hickman Y. Fisher

Miss Mary C. Fischer

Dr./Mrs. B. Todd Forsyth

Miss Claude V. Fouke

Mr./Mrs. Stanley F. Franek

Mr./Mrs. Elmer Frein

Mrs. Sonia M. Friedman

Mr./Mrs. Wm. F. Funderburk, Jr.

Miss Mary M. Furderer

Rev. John Gagnepain, C.M.

Mr./Mrs. Jerry Gammon

Mr./Mrs. Joseph Gamlin

Mr./Mrs. John L. Garber

Mr./Mrs. Edmond A. B.
Garesche, Ill

Ann L. Gettinger

Mr. A. Georges

Mr./Mrs. Louis Gilden

Miss Janet L. Glick

Mr./Mrs. Joseph Glick

Ms. Esther Goff

Mr./Mrs. Milton Goldberg

Mr./Mrs. Eric Goldstein

Mr. Larry Gomes

Mr./Mrs. William R. Gould

Mr./Mrs. Matthew Graham

Mr./Mrs. Russell T. Graham

Mrs. Zora L. Graham

Mrs. Minnie W. Gray

Mr./Mrs. W. Ashley Gray, III

Mr. Russell J. Gremaud

Mr. Robert H. Greenfield

Greenhouse Associate

Mrs. Gussie Greenspan

Mr./Mrs. Jack R. Griffen

Ms. Beverly Grosskrueger

Mr./Mrs. Wm. P. Gruendler

Mr./Mrs. Ferd J. Gutting

Paula Hagan

Mr./Mrs. John L. Hall

Ms. Martha Ann Hallock

Mr./Mrs. Ronald B. Hamilton

Mr./Mrs. James A. Hanes

Mr. Craig W. Hansen

Mr./Mrs. Philip N. Hanson

Mr. Dale Harbison

C.L Harder

Mr./Mrs. Elliot Harris

Mr./Mrs. Charles A. Harrison

Miss Margaret Hartmeister

Dr. John A. Hartwig

Miss Eula M. Hawn

Mrs. Mary R. Lewis

Miss Patricia M. Hayes
Dr./Mrs. S. Allen Heininger
Mr./Mrs. Tom Heilman
Mr. Carl R. Helfrich
Mr./Mrs. Paul V. Henton
Mr./Mrs. Ralph A. Herzmark
Mr./Mrs. Carl Hesse
Miss Mary Hicks
Mr./Mrs. Oliver W. Hickel, Jr.
Mrs. Claude E. Hightower
Mr./Mrs. William E. Hill
Mr./Mrs. Alan J. Hoener
Mr./Mrs. Arthur Hoffman
Mr./Mrs. Arthur C. Hoffman
Dr./Mrs. Harry R. Hoffman
Mr. Howard A. Hoffman
Mr./Mrs. John Hoffman
Mr./Mrs. R. J. Hollocher
Mr. George B. Hudson
Mr./Mrs. Laverne F. Huston
Mr./Mrs. L. C. Hyde
Industrial Engineering
Equipment Co.
Mr./Mrs. L. Brewster Jackson, II
Mr./Mrs. Henry W. Jaekel
Mr./Mrs. Robert Jamieson
Mrs. Pamela S. Jansen
Dr./Mrs. Milton H. Jasper
Miss Laura Ruth Jener
Mr./Mrs. Emil A. Johnson
Mr./Mrs. George K. Johnson
Mrs. Doris F. Jones
Mr./Mrs. James E. Jones
Mr. George D. Jost
Mr./Mrs. Louts C. Jurinich
Mr./Mrs. Donald J. Kaufman
Mr./Mrs. Joseph E. Kavanaugh
Ms. Karen A. Kearns
Mrs. Gregg W. Keegan
Mr./Mrs. Joseph J. Kehr
Mr./Mrs. Robert W. Kelly
Mr./Mrs. Paul B. Kennedy
Miss Florence B. Klausing
Mr./Mrs. James W. Knox
Dr./Mrs. Everett W. Kling
Mrs. William A. Knox
Mr./Mrs. D. M. Koch
Mr./Mrs. Clarence B. Kohnen
Mr./Mrs. Stephen Koptis
Mr./Mrs. Russell Kroeger
Mrs. Ida Krull
Mr./Mrs. Fred L. Kuhlman
Mr./Mrs. Charles Kuhn
Dr./Mrs. Carl Kupferer
Mr./Mrs. Ray F. Kuster
Mr. C. W. Lane, Jr.
Mr. Noel P. Lane
Mr./Mrs. Berthold L. Lange, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. John Lark
Mr./Mrs. Roger G. Larson
Mr. Gene Lauschner
Dr./Mrs. O. L. Lippard
Mr. Daniel L. Layne
Mr./Mrs. L. W. Ledbetter, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Roy G. Lehman
Miss Mary Lehmann
Mr. Roger J. Lehr
Ms. Angela Lembeck
Mr./Mrs. Bernard S. Levin
Mrs. Lilykate W. Light
Mr./Mrs. Stephen H. Loeb
Mr./Mrs. Jos. G. Longstreth
Mrs. Freda Lowe
Mr./Mrs. Wm. G. Luehrmann
Mr./Mrs. Clarence H. Luft
Mr. Michael Luft
Dr./Mrs. R. Neil Maddox
Mr. Albert Madlinger
Mr./Mrs. L. J. Magill
Mr./Mrs. Joseph Magraw

Dr./Mrs. John A. Mahoney
Mr./Mrs. Maurice D. Manesberg
Mrs. Carmel W. Mann
Mr./Mrs. James Maritz, Jr.
Mrs. Arrata C. Martin
Mr./Mrs. Wm. E. Matheny
Mrs. Alyse J. Mazonrek
Dr./Mrs. A. D. McClain
Mr./Mrs. Charles McClelland
Mr./Mrs. Matt J. McElroy
Mr./Mrs. Loren H. McFarland, Jr
Mr./Mrs. John R. McGinley
Mr. M. P. McGrath

Miss Nancy M. McKinley

Mr. Frances F. McPheeters
Mrs. Mabel A. McSkimming
Mr./Mrs. A. L. Mebold
Mr./Mrs. Ray E. Meier
Dr./Mrs. Thomas P. Meirink
Dr./Mrs. Manuel F. Menendez
Mr./Mrs. David Menton
Mr./Mrs. Richard W. Metz
Mr./Mrs. Arnold L. E. Meyer
Diane E. Meyer

Mrs. Jeanne Meyer
Mr./Mrs. Russell D. Meyers, Jr
Mr./Mrs. Dewey F. Millay
Mr. William H. Miller

Dr. Larry R. Mittendorf

Mrs. Bessie J. Moeller
Mr./Mrs. David C. Moll
Mr./Mrs. Eric Moll

Mr. J. Dennis Moore
Mr./Mrs. Richard W. Morris
Mr./Mrs. Ralph A. Morriss, Il
Mr. C. Drew Morton

Mrs. Conway Munro

Ms. C. M. Murphy

Mrs. Eva L. Murphy
Mr./Mrs. Russell G. Murray
Mr./Mrs. G. V. Naidu
Dr./Mrs. Chas. H. Nicolai
Mr./Mrs. Herbert Niemeyer
Mrs. Elisabeth North
Dr./Mrs. Mark A. Novack
Mr. Eric F. Oliver

Mr./Mrs. Edward A. O'Neal
Mr./Mrs. Lawrence F. O'Neill
Rev./Mrs. Hilton C. Oswald
Mr./Mrs. Geo. A. Pappas
Mr./Mrs. Michael D. Palmer
Mr./Mrs. Norman C. Parker
Mr./Mrs. Lee D. Paul

Mr. Frank W. Pecka

Dr. Virginia H. Peden
Dr./Mrs. L. W. Peterson

Mr. William J. Pfeiffer
Mr./Mrs. Edmond Phillips
Mr./Mrs. Richard L. Phillips
Dr./Mrs. Paul P. Pierce

Mrs. Ruth E. Pillsbury
Mr./Mrs. James F. Poag
Mr./Mrs. Larry Pollack
Mr./Mrs. John H. Polzin
Mr./Mrs. Paul D. Porch
Mr./Mrs. David Porto

Mr. Joseph M. Powers
Mr./Mrs. R. J. Priesmeyer
Mrs. Vernita Pritchett

Ms. Lesley Rabon

Mr. Paul B. Raidt

Mr./Mrs. Glenn L. Raymond
Mr. Joseph E. Rechter
Mr./Mrs. Ralph Reid
Mr./Mrs. James F. Reinhold
Miss Florence E. Reinsmith
Miss Katherine Reynolds
Mr./Mrs. James U. Rieck, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Chas. W. Rimmer
Mr. W. Ron Rish

Dr./Mrs. Leon Robison

Mrs. Merita Rocklage

Mr. Eddy J. Rogers

Dr. Ute W. Rosa

Mr. August H. Rosenthal
Mr./Mrs. Donald K. Ross
Mr./Mrs. D. M. Ruelmann
Ms. Mary V. Ruth

Ms. Anna E. Saban

Ms. Margaret Salomon

Dr. Neil S. Sandberg
Mr./Mrs. David Sanders

Ms. Janet Sargent

Mrs. Carolyn B. Sauer
Mr./Mrs. F. Burton Sawyer
Mr. Edwin A. Saye

Mr./Mrs. Wm. J. Scanlan
Mr./Mrs. Wolter J. Schaab
Dr./Mrs. Barrett A. Schaefer
Mr./Mrs. Ruston R. Schaefer
Mr./Mrs. Peter W. Schandorff
Mr./Mrs. Philip Schaper, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Nicholas Scharff, Il
Mr./Mrs. John W. Schaumann
Mr./Mrs. Jacob Scheeres
Ms. P. J. Schnebelen

Mrs. Emma H. Schoen

Ms. Kathryn Schrag
Mr./Mrs. Howard E. Schuenke
Mr./Mrs. Fred H. Schumacher
Mr./Mrs. William Schulenburg
Mr. William Schwab

Mrs. Julian Schwander

Ms. Virginia Schwartz

Mrs. Edna L. Schweizer
Miss Sandra A. Scott

Mr. Robert M. Sears

Mrs. Herman C. Seldin

Mr. Al H. Senske

Mr./Mrs. Frank R. Shear
Mr./Mrs. Carroll C. Shelton
Mr./Mrs. Marvin Sherman
Mr. E. Ray Siler

Mr./Mrs. Frank Silverwise
Mr./Mrs. Herman M. Simon
Mrs. Janet M. Simonsen

Mr. Robert L. Skrainka
Dr./Mrs. lvan W. Sletten
Mr./Mrs. P. S. Slocombe
Ms. Freeda L. Smith
Mr./Mrs. George H. Smith
Mr./Mrs. L. E. Smith, Sr.
Mr./Mrs. Dominic Soda
Mrs. Michael Somogyi

Mr. Edward Sotak

Mr./Mrs. Ted Spanos, Jr.
Dr./Mrs. James H. Spraul
Mary E. Springer

St. Peter’s Cemetery

J. V. Stack

Mr./Mrs. Thomas E. Staples
Mr./Mrs. Steven D. Steffan
Dr./Mrs. Alan J. Stein
Lucinda Stein

Beverly J. Stevens

Mr./Mrs. Jack W. Stevenson
Mr./Mrs. Harry A. Steinmeyer, Jr
Mr./Mrs. John A. Stern
Mr./Mrs. Patrick Stewart
Mr. Joseph Stokes

Mr. Leonard Suedmeyer
Mr./Mrs. Roy A. Suelflow
Mr. Arthur A. Sullivan, Sr.
Dr./Mrs. M. Sundaram
Mr./Mrs. E. W. Sunder, Jr.
Kathleen Swain

Dr./Mrs. Larry Swanson
Mr./Mrs. Chales Tauser
Rev./Mrs. Donald F Taylor
Mr./Mrs. H. Jare Taylor
Mr. Frank L. Tempia
Mr./Mrs. Milton F. Tucker
Mr./Mrs. Wm. Tullman
Mrs. Martha Urban

Ms. Ludmila Velinshy
Mr./Mrs. Gerrit A. Vissee
Catherine M. Vivrett

Mr. Howard H. Vivrett
Mr./Mrs. William G. Vogt
Mr./Mrs. Earl W. Volz

Mr. Michael von Gerichten
Ms. Maralyn Voyles

Mrs. W. E. Wahlert
Mr./Mrs. Victor H. Walker
Ms. Cathy Wall

Mrs. Loretta M. Wallace
Mr./Mrs. John J. Walsh, Jr
Mr. Richard H. Walsh
Mr./Mrs. Peter Warshaw
Dr./Mrs. Garey Watkins
Ms. Margaret A. Wayne
Ms. Rosa Webb

Mrs. Isabel Weiss

Miss Linda Weiss

Ms. Louise Weisser
Mr./Mrs. William W. Wenisch
Mr./Mrs. John A. Westermeyer
Mr. Mark E. Westgate
Mr./Mrs. Olin A. Wetzel
Mr./Mrs. Herman Willer
Mr. Roger Williams

Mr. Bill W. Windhorst

Mr. Walter O. Wobst
Mr./Mrs. Marvin S. Woo!
Ms. Norma Wood

Ms. Virginia Wood

Denis E. Wulf

Miss Melba Wulfemeyer
Mr./Mrs. John D. Wunderlich
Mr./Mrs. Delbert O. Wyse
Mr./Mrs. Jesse E. Zengel
Mr./Mrs. Stanley Zerman
Mr./Mrs. Wm. L. Zielinski
Mr./Mrs. Ralph D. Zigrang
Dr./Mrs. David Zimmerman
Mrs. Oscar C. Zink
Mr./Mrs. Vincent A. Zupan

INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIP

SUSTAINING

Mrs. George W. Andrews
Dr. Harold E. Bizer
Mr./Mrs. F. J. Cornwell
Mrs. Vincent O. Shaw

CONTRIBUTING

Mr./Mrs. F. A. Barada
Dr./Mrs. Robert B. Deilchman
Mr. Herman Goralnik
Mr./Mrs. M. J. Grzesiowski
Mr./Mrs. James H. Harriss
Mr./Mrs. J. Joseph Horan
Mr./Mrs. W. R. Konneker
Mrs. Rene J. Lusser
Mr./Mrs. Lester McKenzie
Mrs. E. €. Simmons
Mr./Mrs. Angelo S. Vassalo
Mrs. James B. Ware

Member of
The Arts and Education
Fund of Greater St.Louis

11

OCTOBER TRIBUTES

In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Jules
Gewinner's 50th Anniversary
Mr./Mrs. John P. Brown
Carla Lange

Don Niederlander

Marge Purk

Mr./Mrs. John C. Vogel

In Honor of the 50th Anniversary
of Mr. and Mrs. Irwin Gittelman
Mr./Mrs. Peter Husch
Mr./Mrs. Ellis C. Littmann

In Honor of the 25th Anniversary
of Mr. and Mrs. Edward Kreutz
Mr./Mrs. Melvin S. Barad

In Honor of Special Birthday of
Boney Michel
Mr./Mrs. Ellis C. Littmann

In Honor of Mr. Joseph F.
Ruwitch's Birthday
Albert |. Stix

In Honor of the 25th Anniversary
of Dr. and Mrs. Joseph Swope
Dr./Mrs. Robert E. Kuhlman

In Memory of John Hawkins
Biggs
Mr./Mrs. Harvey D. Johnson

In Memory of Mr. Ralph F. Bixby
Mr./Mrs. Henry Hitchcock

In Memory of Mrs. Edwin H.
Bosse, Sr.
Mr./Mrs. Jules D. Campbell

In Memory of Marcia Means
Clagg

Friends of Marcia

In Memory of Mrs. Lucien R.
Fouke, Jr.

Mr./Mrs. Edwin S. Baldwin
Mr./Mrs. Edwin G. Russell

In Memory of Mrs. George E.
Gessler

Mrs. John M. Bowlin

Little Gardens Club

Mrs. Carroll Smith

In Memory of Byron E. Gray, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. James E. Russell

In Memory of Mrs. Helen
Halenkamp
Mr./Mrs. Joe D. Tucker, Jr.

In Memory of Mrs. George K.

Hasegawa

Angus Heating & Air
Conditioning

Mrs. Aya Arimura

Mrs. Asada

Mr./Mrs. John R. Bartlett, Jr.

Mr./Mrs. Albert B. Becker, Jr.

Mr./Mrs. Carl L. A. Beckers

Boatmen’s National Bank, Officers

and Directors
Booker Associates, Inc.
Mr./Mrs. Cecil W. Browning
Mr./Mrs. J. Butler Busyhead
Mr./Mrs. W. E. Cornelius
Louise Davidson
Ruth & Edgar Denison
Mrs. Satsuye Doi & Familv
Patrick M. Donelan
Roberta A. Fogertey
Fugiwara Family
Alice B. Hausner
Mrs. H. Henmi
Mr./Mrs. Ted Hirabayashi
Mrs. Nuiko Hirata
Eleanor Hoops

Mr./Mrs. Harrison Howe & Family

Mr./Mrs. Herbert H. Howell
Mr./Mrs. Ken Inaba
Mr. Kuni Ito
Mr./Mrs. Stifel W. Jens
Mr./Mrs. Landon Y. Jones
Dr. Sioma Kagan
Mrs. Dorothy Kayashima
Mr./Mrs. Steve Kelley
Kirkwood, City of
Mr./Mrs. Kay Koizumi
Mr./Mrs. Donald M. Koshi
Mrs. Charles Luecking
Paul and Helen Magoon
Mrs. Takako Minamide
Mr. Richard H. Mitchell
Mr./Mrs. Arthur Monsey
Mr./Mrs. Bud Moulder
Municipal Engineers &
Surveyors Assn.
Mr./Mrs. Tom Nishimoto
Mr./Mrs. John L. O’Brien
Dr. Richard T. Ogawa
Dr./Mrs. Joseph H. Ogura
Mr./Mrs. Ted T. Okamoto
Mr. Fred Oshima
Raymond G. Quest
Reitz & Jens, Inc.
Paul & Betsy Robbins
Mrs. Fred M. Robinson
Mr./Mrs. Donald Ross

Mr./Mrs. Kenneth M. Schaefer
Mr./Mrs. T. G. Shibata
Mr./Mrs. Richard Shimamoto
Mr./Mrs. G. Y. Shimgu
Mr./Mrs. George B. Sloan
Edward F. Steger

Mr./Mrs. E. S. Stendahl
Mr./Mrs. S. Tatsugawa

Mr. Hashi Tsukida

Mari Ushida

Fusa And Ben Wakasa
Mr./Mrs. F. E. Wisely

Mrs. Kamiko Yagi

Mr./Mrs. David Yahanda
Mr./Mrs. Sam Yamamoto
Mr./Mrs. Yokoyama

In Memory of Miss Marion Hoell
Miss Beatrice Thake

In Memory of Margaret E. Hood
Mr./Mrs. Melvin W. Hood

In Memory of Miss Barbara
Johnson
Phyllis Herndon

In Memory of Mrs. W. Warren
Kirkbride
Ladue Garden Club

In Memory of Dr. Fred A. Kramer
Mr./Mrs. Wylie Todd

In Memory of Irene Bell
McCaskey
Mrs. William H. Cunliff

In Memory of Mr. T. Wynne
Morriss

Mrs. E.R. Hurd, Jr.
Mr./Mrs. Joseph Lewis
Mr./Mrs. Wylie Todd

In Memory of Mrs. Zula I. Plake
Mr./Mrs. Harry Weier

In Memory of Mrs. Charles F.
Putnam
Ladue Garden Club

In Memory of Mrs. Charles L.
Russell

Mr./Mrs. Alexander Bakewell
Mr./Mrs. W. H. Bixby, Jr.
Mrs. Jean-Jacques Carnal
Mrs. James E. Crawford
Mrs. Kenneth Davis

Mrs “William T. Dooley

Mrs. F. W. Kauffman

Mr./Mrs. Henry Hitchcock
Mr./Mrs.H. Norbert Kirchdorfer
Mr./Mrs. Joseph Lewis

Mr. A. Lee Shapleigh

Mrs. A. Wessel Shapleigh

In Memory of Mr. William K.
Stanard

Mr./Mrs. A. Lee Shapleigh
Mrs. A. Wessel Shapleigh

In Memory of Mr. William G.
von Weise

Ernest & Barbara Adelman
Helen Bates

Mrs. Edward M. Cannon
Dynacraft, Inc.

Mrs. Clemance L. Hein

W. Finley McElroy

Mr./Mrs. Carroll F. McMahon
Robert L. McNamara
Mercantile Trust Co.

Mr./Mrs. Albert A. Michenfelder, Jr.

Michigan Standard Alloys—
Arthur S. Mendel Foundation

Mrs. Ralph F. Piper

Powers, Carpenter & Hall, Inc.

Purchasing Management Assn.
of St. Louis

Mr./Mrs. Robert Putnam

Franklin Rassieur

John B. Reinhart

John B. Reinhart, Jr.

Mr./Mrs. Charles Reynolds

Mr./Mrs. Eugene G. Ruane

Mr./Mrs. James E. Russell

G.J. Skene

Mr./Mrs. Sanford Spitzer

Sunset 44 Restaurant

von Weise Gear Company
Employees

J.V. Walsh

Janet Whitacre, Dale & Karen

In Memory of Mrs. Robert Votow
Dr./Mrs. John E. Hobbs

In Memory of Mrs. Ruth Wurdack
Dr./Mrs. Heinz Haffner

In Memory of Mrs. Frank Zodrow
Dorothy Meyer

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

SECOND CLASS

POSTAGE

2345 Tower Grove Avenue

Saint Louis, Missouri 63110 PAID

AT ST. LOUIS, MO.