FLORA CAPENSIS.
VOL. V. SECT. 2.
apa 1
QRYOR |
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FLORA CAPENSIS: ies?
ae HC an
Sustematic Description of the Plants
OF THE
CAPE COLONY, CAFFRARIA, & PORT NATAL
(AND NEIGHBOURING TERRITORIES) :
BY
VARIOUS BOTANISTS.
, EDITED BY
SIR WI LLIAM T. THISELTON-DYER, K.C.M.G.,
C.LE., LL.D., D.Se., F.R.S.
HONORARY STUDENT OF CHRIST CHURCH, OXFORD,
LATE DIRECTOR, ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW.
Published under the authority of the Governments of the
Cape of Good Hope, Natal and the Transvaal.
2
VOLUME V. Secrion 2.
THYMELASACH 4--CERATOPHYLLEA.
+ Su pee (1933)
—
FROM
yTHDRAWN
OFFICIALLY pes M.8-6- LIBRaRy
ON ef
BoLLect!
LONDON :
L. REEVE & CO., LID.,
ay 6, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. +
ae pone ta the Home, Colonial and dnagan- Bobet, Wie ie :
5 ee "0 *<
roe N11 1930 ©
LONDON:
PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMfTED,
DUKE STREET, STAMFORD STREET, S.E. 1, AND GREAT WINDMILL STREET, W. 1
PREFACE.
4 Tne first Section of Volume V was published in 1912. The
3 second Section, now at last completed, fell under the shadow of
the Great War. Two Parts were, however, issued in 1915 of
which the contents had been slowly maturing. Of these the
Thymeleacee were contributed by Mr. C. H. Wrianr, A.L.S., the
Penzeacex by Miss Epira Layarp Srepnens, B.A., of the Botany
Department, South African College, Cape Town, the Loranthaceze
by Mr. T. A. Spracus, F.L.8., and the Santalaceew by Dr. Hint,
F.R.S., the Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. The
vast order Huphorbiacee, which bulks so largely in South African
vegetation, required prolonged study; the genus Euphorbia was
undertaken by Mr. N. E. Brown, A.L.8., who is an authority
without a rival on Succulent Plants, and Sir Davin Prat,
Treas. R.S., divided with Mr. Jonn Hurtcninson, F.LS., the
remaining genera. [or the present part, Mr. N. E. Brown also
undertook Urticacee and Mr. Hurcuinson Myricacew as well as
the genus Ficus. The Betulacez and Salicinew are contributed by
Mr. 8S. A. Skan.
During the remainder of the War, work on the Flora was in
j abeyance, but in 1920 a third Part was published not without some
4 difficulty. The cost of printing had enhanced greatly. Part III
contained nine sheets and these “ have cost within a few shillings
of the total cost of Parts I and IT,” which aggregate twenty-four
sheets. .
The preface to Section | commemorated the loss of many whose
x generous assistance and co-operation have made the preparation of
_ the Flora possible. Two more—and, as will be seen below, both
contributors of material—must be added to the obituary list.
Henry Harotp Wetcu Pearson, F.R.S., Harry Bolus Professor
of Botany in the Svuth African College, and Hon. Director,
National Botanic Gardens, Cape Town, died on 3rd November,
— 1916 (obituary notice and bibliography, Kew Bulletin, 1916,
pp. 271-281). Sir Isaac BayLtey Batrour, K.B.E., F.R.S., Pro- —
fessor of Botany in the University of Edinburgh, died 30th
November, 1922 (obituary notice and bibliography, Kev Bulletin,
1929) te, S000 ae. ee
For the limits of the regions under which the Jocalities are
cited, reference may be made to the Preface to Vol. VI; for the
n used to the Preface and Section 1 of Vol. V.
maps which have been used
vi PREFACE,
For the loan or contribution of specimens used in working out
the Orders included in the present Section, Kew is indebted to the
following :—
Sir I. B. Batrour. Loan of Euphorbiacee.
Axnwix Bercer, La Mortola, loan and gift of specimens of
Euphorbia.
Mrs. F. Botus. Loan of Santalacee and Euphorbiacex from the -
Bolus Herbarium.
Dr. J. I. Brtquer. Loan of Thesium from Boissier Herbarium.
J. L. Driae, Port Elizabeth. Living and dried specimens of
Euphorbia.
D. J. W. C. Gonrnarr. Loan of Euphorbiacex from the Leiden
Herbarium. ee
Dr. Rupoten Martoru, Capetown. Loan and gift of specimens
of Euphorbia,
Dr, C. H. Osrenretp. Loan of Euphorbiacex from the Universi-
tatets Botaniske Museum, Copenhagen.
Prof. H. H. W. Pearson. Living and dried plants collected on
a Sladen Expedition. :
Dr. A. B. Renpie. Loan of Thymeleacexe and Huphorbiacexe
from British Museum.
Archdeacon F, A. Rocrrs. Gift of South African plants,
Prof. A. C. Sewarp. Loan of Santalacezee and Euphorbiacev
from Cambridge University Herbarium.
IT continue to be indebted for invaluable aid to Mr. C. H.
Wriaeut, A.L.S., and to Mr. N. E. Brown, A.L.8., the former in
reading the proofs and in other ways, the latter for working out
the localities and distribution.
The present Part completing Vol. V., Sect. 2, completes also the
enumeration and description of the Flowering Plants of South
Africa belonging to DicoryLeponss, as far as Herbarium material
at each moment has been available. Vol. V., Sect. 3, with
the two succeeding volumes treats in the same way with the
MonocoTyLepones, The two classes taken together constitute the
subdivision of the Vegetable Kingdom, ANGrospeRM®, in which
seeds are enclosed in a seed-vessel.
WT tae
WiTCOMBE,
23rd September, 1924,
SEQUENCE OF ORDERS CONTAINED IN
VOL. V. SECT. 2, WITH BRIEF CHARACTERS.
Continuation of Serres V. Dapawnauzs. Ord. GOA VITI-CX IX.
CXVIII. THYMELMHACER (page 1). . Calyx-lobes 4-5,
imbricate, Petals 4,5, 8 or 12, sometimes 0, membranous or thick.
Stamens 4-5 at the throat of the calyx and opposite its lobes,
sometimes with 4—5 others in the tube and alternate with the lobes.
Ovary superior 1—2-celled ; ovule solitary, pendulous. Fruit dry or
fleshy, indehiscent. Seeds albuminous or not. :
CXIX. PEN ALSACE (page 81). Perianth-lobes 4, valvate or
reduplicate-valvate. Stamens 4, alternate with the perianth-lobes ;
anthers basifixed, rarely versatile ; connective conspicuous. Seeds
exalbuminous ; cotyledons very minute.
CXIX A. GEISSOLOMACEE (page 98). Perianth-lobes 4,
imbricate. Stamens 8; anthers versatile ; connective scarcely
manifest. Seeds albuminous ; cotyledons long.
Series vi. ACHLAMYDOSPORE®. Ovary usually inferior,
l-celled ; ovules 1-3, usually not evident before flowering. Seeds
without a testa, sometimes adhering to the pericarp. Perianth
sometimes coloured. ~
CXIX B. LORANTHACE (page 100). Green shrubs,
more rarely herbs, parasitic. Ovule solitary, erect.
CXX. SANTALACE® (page 135). Herbs, shrubs or trees,
often parasitic. Ovules 2-4, pendulous from a free-centra] placenta.
‘CXX A. BALANOPHORACEE (page 212). Fleshy herbs
parasitic on roots, without chlorophyll, but usually brightly
coloured. Leaves reduced to scales.
Series vii. Unisexuates. Flowers unisexual. Ovary syncarpous
or monocarpous ; styles as many as the carpels, often bipartite ;
ovules solitary or 2 collateral. Seed albuminous or exalbuminous.
Perianth calycine, small or none ; petal present in some Euphorbiacee.
(Herbs, shrubs or trees.)
OXXI. EUPHORBIACES (page 216). Inflorescence, perianth
and stamens very variable. Ovary 2—3-(rarely many-) celled rarely
of 1 carpel. Fruit usually breaking into 2-valved cocci (winged in
Hymenocardia), sometimes drupaceous or nutlike. Albumen usually
copious and fleshy, sometimes thin or none; radicle superior. —
(Herbs, shrubs or trees, often with milky juice, sometimes cactustike.)
# Bs es ae*
Vili : SEQUENCE OF OKDERS WITH BRIEF CHARACTERS,
CXXIIl. ULMACEA (page 516). Flowers be rmaphrodite or
unisexual. Perianth 4-5-merous. Stamens as many as the perianth-
lobes and opposite to them or more ; filaments not inflexed. Ovule
pendulous. Fruit fleshy with hard endocarp (in the South African
genera). Leaves alternate. Style 2-partite. (Trees or shrubs.)
CXXII A. MORACE (page 522). Flowers unisexual in
spikes or globose heads or enclosed within a globose or pear-shaped
receptacle or seated upon or immersed in a flattened receptacle.
Perianth 4-6-lobed. Filaments inflexed or erect in bud. Ovary
l-celled ; ovule solitary, pendulous; styles 2 or 1. Fruit ot
achenes.
CXXIT B. URTICACEA (page 541). Flowers monoecious
or dioecious. Perianth 2—5-lobed or partite or urceolate or tubular
or bract-like, sometimes absent from female flowers. Stamens 1-5;
filaments inflexed in bud. Ovary I-celled; ovule solitary, erect ;
style solitary. Fruit an achene or fleshy.
CXXTT. MYRICACEA® (page 561). Flowers unisexual, in
spikes, without perianth. Stamens 2 to many ; filaments short, more
or less connate; anthers erect. Ovary \-celled; ovule solitary,
erect. Fruit a drupe. Seed without albumen. (Trees or shrubs,
Srequently aromatic.)
CXXIV. BETULACE (page 573). Flowers monoecious,
in catkins or budlike heads. Perianth 4- or fewer-lobed, some-
times none. Stamens 2-12; filaments free, often split; anthers
erect. Ovary inferior, 2-celled ; styles 2 ; ovules solitary, pendulous.
Fruit a nutlet. (Trees or shrubs.)
SERIES Vili. Orpines ANOMALI. Orders nearest allied to those
of series vii. Unisexuales, but not sufficiently closely so as to be
joined to any one of them.
CXXV. SALICINE® (page 574). Flowers dioecious, in cat-
kins or racemes. Perianth 0. Stamens 2 to many ; filaments free
connate or. Ovary I-celled ; placentas 2-4 parietal ; ovules 2-many.
Capsule 2-4-valved. Seeds exalbuminous, with silky hairs. (T'rees
or shrubs.)
CXXV A. CERATOPHYLLEZ! (page 580). Flowers uni-
sexual, axillary. Perianth multipartite. Stamens many. Ovary
l-celled, l-ovuled. Fruit a nutlet. Seed pendulous, exaJhbuminous.
(Submerged aquatic herb.)
Ber ok Say <
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Vol. V.—Sect. H.—Part I. | Price 8s.
FLORA CAPENSIS:
SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION OF THE PLANTS
OF THE
CAPE COLONY, CAFFRARIA, AND PORT NATAL
(AND NEIGHBOURING TERRITORIES!
By VARIOUS BOTANISTS.
EDITED BY
Se WILLIAM tT THISELTON-DYER, K.C.M.G.
C.LE., LL.D., D.S¢., F.RS.
HONORARY STUDENT OF CHRIST CHUKCH, OXFORD,
LATE DIRECTOR, ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW.
PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE GOVERNMENTS OF THE
CAPE OF GOOD HOPE, NATAL, AND THE TRANSVAAL. —
LONDON:
L. REEVE & CO., Ltp.,
: PUBLISHERS TO THE HOME, COLONIAL, AND INDIAN GOVERNMENTS,
Oy HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. : ;
1915. . Hy
FLORA Od PENS De
Orper CXVIIL THYMELASACES.
(By C. H. Wrieur.)
Flowers hermaphrodite in the South African genera. Calyx
superior, tubular, often swollen below; lobes 4-5, spreading, two
inner sometimes smaller, imbricate. Petals 4, 5, 8 or 12, sometimes
absent, alternating singly or in groups of 2-3 with the calyx-lobes,
smaller than calyx-lobes, membranous or thick, sometimes anther-
like, glabrous or surrounded by hairs (Struthiola). Scales some-
times present in the middle of the calyx-tube (Cryptadenia). Stamens
4-5 at the throat of the calyx and opposite its lobes, sometimes 4—5
others included in the tube and alternate with the lobes; filaments
usually very short ; anthers 2-celled, introrse, dehiscing by longi-
tudinal slits. Hypogynous dise usually absent from the South
African species, sometimes cupular. Ovary superior, 1—2-celled,
entire, often compressed ; style long or short, excentric or central ;
stigma capitate, penicillate or small ; ovule solitary, lateral, pen-
dulous, anatropous. Fruit dry or fleshy, indehiscent. Seed solitary,
pendulous or laterally atlixed ; testa crustaceous, rarely membranous ;
embryo straight, cotyledons fleshy ; albumen fleshy, copious or
seanty, or absent.
Trees or Jarge or small shrubs, with tough fibrous bark, rarely herbs ; leaves
opposite, alternate or scattered, entire, smal] and heath-like with inconspicuous
nerves, or broader and pinnately nerved, exstipulate ; flowers usually terminal in
bracteate or ebracteate sessile or peduncled heads, short racemes or spikes, rarely
solitary and axillary.
Disrrte. Genera about 40; species about 400 in Tropical and South Africa,
the Mediterranean region and Australia, a few in Asia and North and South
America,
Tribe I. EUTHYMELEZEX.—Ovary 1-celled ; ovule solitary.
* Petals 0; calyx-tube without scales inside,
I. Dais.—Stamens twice as many as the ealyx-lobes, included or the upper
exserted. Flowers 5-merous. Dise cupular.
many as the calyx-lobes, included.
len, —Stamens twice as :
ll. Arthroso. Dise 0. Calyx-tube slender or
Flowers 4- (rarely 5-)merous.
cylindrical. Fruit dry.
I. Passerina. —Stamens twice as many as the calyx-lobes, exserted, |
as Flowers 4-merous. Dise 0. Calyx urceolate ; lobes as long as the
tube. Fruit dry.
ymococea,— Stamens twice as many as the calyx-lobes. Flowers
Aeon pesca Dise 0. Calyx urceolate. Fruit baccate. al
+* Petals 0; calya-tube with scales below the insertion of the stamens,
ia.—Flowers axillary, solitary.
aOR
ee FL. c.—VvoL, V.— SECT. Il. iat
aoe
2 THYMELZACE (Wright).
VI. Lachnea.— Flowers terminal, capitate, rarely solitary.
*** Petals present, fleshy or membranous.
fStamens as many as the calyx-lobes.
VII. Struthiola.—Only South African genus.
+tStamens twice as many as the calyx-lobes.
VIII. Gnidia.— Flowers in bracteate heads or spikes, rarely axillary, 4-merous.
IX. Lasiosiphon.—Flowers in bracteate heads or spikes, rarely axillary,
5-merous,
X. Englerodaphne.—Flowers in ebracteate terminal fascicles, 4-merous.
XI. Synaptolepis.— Flowers axillary, 5-merous.
Tribe II. PHALERIEX.—Ovary 2-celled, cells 1-ovuled.
XII. Peddiea.—Flowers pedicelled. Petals 0.
I. DAIS, Linn.
Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx-tube cylindrical, often curved, naked
in the throat ; lobes 5, patent. Stamens 10, included, or the upper
series or all shortly exserted; filaments short ; anthers oblong ;
connective inconspicuous. Disc hypogynous, cupular, membranous,
truncate or toothed. Ovary villous, 1-celled ; style long, filiform ;
stigma ovoid or capitate. Fruit dry, enclosed in the base of the
calyx; pericarp membranous. Seeds exalbuminous; testa crus-
taceous ; cotyledons broad, fleshy.
Shrubs; leaves opposite or scattered, often collected at the ends of the
branches; flowers in dense stalked heads at the tips of the branches; bracts
2-6, broad, forming an involucre ; calyx silky.
DisTRIB. Species 2, one in Madagascar, the other South African.
1. D. cotinifolia (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. ii. 556); a shrub up to 9 ft.
high; bark fibrous; leaves opposite and alternate, obovate or
oblong, 24 in. long, 1} in. wide, acute, cuneate at the base, glabrous,
lateral nerves about 10, spreading, looping within the margin ;
petiole 2 lin. long, stout; peduncle 14-2 in. long; involucral
bracts 4, broadly ovate or almost rotundate, 5 lin. long, chestnut-
brown when dry ; calyx-tube 6 lin. long, } lin. in diam., cylindrical,
silky outside especially near the base, less densely so inside ; lobes
3 lin. long, 1} lin. wide, ovate, obtuse ; filaments filiform, 1 lin.
long; anthers oblong, $ lin. long; ovary ovoid; style filiform,
reaching nearly to the lower anthers; stigma globose. Lam. Ill.
t. 368, fig. 1; Bot. Mag. t. 147; Wikstr. in Vet. Acad. Hand.
Stockh. 1818, 348; Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 388, and in DC. Prodr.
xiv. 529, incl. var. major; Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 148; Harv.
Gen. S. Afr. Pl. ed. 2, 325; Wood, Natal Pl. t. 308; Sim, For. Fl.
Cape Col. 302, t. 153, fig. 5.
Var. 8, parvifolia (Meisn. in Linnea, xiv, 388); leaves oval or elliptic, not
more than lin. long. DC. Prodr. xiv. 329; Drége, Zwei Pf. Docwmente, 142.
Var. 7, laurifolia (Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 529); leaves lanceolate-oblong,
tapering towards both ends, 2-3 in. long, about lin. wide. D. laurifolia, Jacq.
Coll. i. 146, Ic. t. 77. :
Dais. | THYMELAACE& (Wright). 3
Coast Recion: Komgha Div.; near Keimouth, Flanagan, 422! British
Kaffraria; Fort Murray, 1200: ft., Sim, 1480! Var. B: King Williamstown
Div. ; Buffalo River, under 1000 ft., Drége.
Katanart Recron: Orange River Colony ; Nelsons Kop, Cooper, $49! 3091!
Transvaal ; near Lydenburg, Atherstone! Wilms, 1292!
Eastern Recion: Transkei; Kentani, Miss Pegler, 316! Tembuland ; bank of
the Umtata River, under 1000 ft., Drége! Bazeia, 2000-3000 ft., Baur, 22!
Griqualand East ; by banks of rivers near Clydesdale, 2500 ft., Z'yson in MacOwan
& Bolus, Herb, Austr.-Afr., 1226! banks of the Umzimkulu River, Tyson, 1429!
Natal; Nottingham, Buchanan, 152! Friedenau Farm, Dumisa, Rudatis, 580!
and without precise locality, Sutherland! Gerrard, 1388! Wood, 3155!
Kaffir name ‘‘ Jntozane.” ‘*The bark of this yields the strongest fibre known
to the natives of the colony of Natal.’’ (Sutherland.) ‘The natives [of Kentani]
use the bark asa thread.’’ (Miss Pegler.) The variety laurifolia is known only
in cultivation,
Imperfectly known species.
2. D. canescens (Bartl. ex Meisn. in Linnea, xiv, 388) ; branches
stout ; branchlets flexuous, canescent and leafy at the apex, leafless
and scarred below ; leaves alternate, erect, subimbricate, oblong,
attenuate at the base, rather obtuse, 2—4 lin. long, flat, l-nerved on
the back, canescent on both surfaces ; involucral leaves 6-8, linear-
oblong, obtuse, 6 lin. long, scarious at the margin, brownish inside,
somewhat silky-canescent ; heads 3—6-flowered ; calyx silky-pilose ;
tube filiform, 1 in. long, persistently long-hairy at the base ;
lobes equal, a quarter the length of the tube, linear-oblong, very
obtuse, glabrous inside, slightly revolute at the margin ; anthers
linear, 5 inserted in the calyx-throat, 5 slightly lower. Meisn. in
DC. Prodr. xiv. 529.
SoutH AFRIca : without locality or collector’s name.
3. D. eriocephala (Lichtenst. ex Bartl. in Linnea, xiv. 389) ;
branches short, densely leafy ; leaves alternate, scarcely imbricate,
linear, mucronate, 3-6 lin. long, slightly concave, as well as the
branchlets glaucescent and quite glabrous, with a slightly pro-
minent keel ; involucral leaves 6-8, oblong-lanceolate, acute, villous
outside, fuscous, paler at the margin, the inner larger than the
outer ; heads many-flowered ; calyx unknown.
CentraL Recron: Albert Div. ; Leeuwefontein, Lichtenstein.
Meisner suggests that this may be an Arthrosolen.
II. ARTHROSOLEN, C. A. Meyer.
Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx-tube cylindric, slender, circum-
scissile above the ovary, naked at the throat ; lobes 4, rarely 5, patent.
Stamens 8, rarely 10, 2-seriate, included ; filaments short ; anthers
oblong or linear ; connective inconspicuous. Dise none. Ovary
subsessile, l-celled; style filiform, usually long; stigma small, —
capitate. Fruit dry, enclosed in the persistent ns Suis ae
: 2 RETRO Fe
4 THYMELEZACES (Wright). | Arthrosolen.
pericarp membranous. Seed with scanty or no albumen ; testa
crustaceous ; cotyledons fleshy.
Branched shrubs, often small ; leaves scattered or opposite, flat ; flowers spicate,
capitate, or axillary in the upper part of the stem, bracteate or ebracteate.
Distris. Species 18, 8 in Tropical Africa, one of which extends into South
Africa.
Flowers in terminal heads :
Involucral bracts conspicuous, coloured hg ... (1) polycephalus.,
Involucral bracts not conspicuous :
Leaves linear, glabrous a oe a ... (2) sericocephalus.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate, silky a sk ... (3) calocephalus.
Flowers in the axils of the upper leaves :
Leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, long-pilose ... ... (4) ornatus.
Leaves ovate, obtuse, glabrous above, villous beneath (5 ) spicatus.
Flowers in terminal (at first Surge aren
Leaves opposite... re ... (6) fraternus.
Leaves alternate, rarely ehoeatsith:
Leaves obtuse, $—1 lin. wide ... Lise rae --- (7) laxus.
Leaves acute, 1-3 lin. wide: ‘
Bracts 0; leaves 2 lin. wide sah ies .-- (8) gymnostachys.
Bracts present ; leaves 1-1} lin. wide... .-- (9) variabilis.
Bracts 0; leaves 3 lin. wide a i - (10) pheotrichus.
Flowers in terminal pairs or weet and silly peas
opposite .. me ae te oh - (11) ineonspicuus.
1 A polyaeobati (C. A. Meyer in Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad.
Pétersb, 1. 1845, 359); a much-branched plant about 1} ft. high ;
branches erect, virgate, terete, glabrous; leaves linear-lanceolate,
acute, slightly constricted at ‘the base, 6 lin. long, } lin. wide,
glabrous ; heads terminal, ovoid, 4-6-tlowered ; inner bracts broadly
ovate, 7 lin. long, 5 lin. wide, outer 5 lin. long and nearly as wide,
all obtuse and silky outside, concave, coloured ; ; receptacle silky; calyx
rich yellow ; tube 9 lin. long, the lower 4 persistent, narrowly ovoid
and clothed with silky hairs 4 lin. long, the upper part cylindric or
only slightly swollen at the insertion of the lower anthers, silky ;
lobes 3 lin. long, ? lin. wide, silky outside ; anthers oblong, } lin.
long ; ovary chlone, 1} lin. long, silky especially above ; ; style
filiform, reaching to the calyx-throat. Meisn, in DC. Prodr, xiv,
560; Sim, For. Fl. Cape Col. 302, t. 153, fig. 8; N. E. Br. in Kew
Bulletin, 1909, 135. Passerina polycephala, E. Meyer ex Meisn. in
Linnea, xiv. 390; Drege, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 55, 57, 58, 59.
Dais virgata, Lichtenst. ex Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 530, 561,
Gnidia polyclada, Gilg in O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. iii. ii. 281 ;
Dinter, Deutsch Stidw. Afr. 96. Lasiosiphon polycephalus, Pearson
in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 228.
Soutu Arrica: without locality, Wadllich !
Coast Recion: Tulbagh Div.; on the Witzenberg Range near Tulbagh,
Burchell, 8696! Albany Div., Bowker!
Centrat Recton: Calvinia Div. ; Hantam, Veyer! Tarka Div. ; Tarkastad to
Katberg, Shaw! Cradock Div. ; Fish River, near Cradock, Burke ! Graaff Reinet
Arthrosolen. | THYMEL/ACE& (Wright). - =
Div. ; Sneeuwberg Range, 4000-5000 ft., Drége, 5000-6000 ft., Bolus, 129!
2500 ft., MacOwan, 971! Murraysburg Div.; near Murraysburg, 4000 ft., 7'yson,
196! Beaufort West Div. ; Nieuwveld, between Rhinoster Kop and Ganzefontein,
3500-4500 ft., Drége! Fraserburg Div. ; between Zak River and Kopjes Fontein,
Burchell, 1499! Carnarvon Div.; at Leeuwefontein, Burchell, 1522! near
Carnarvon, Burchell, 1537! at Buffels Bout, Burchell, 1595! near Van Wyks
Vley, Alston in MacOwan, Herb, Austr.-Afr., 1787 ! Victoria West; Nieuwveld,
between Brak River and Uitvlugt, 3000-4000 ft., Drége! Richmond Div. ;
Winterveld, near Limoenfontein and Groot Tafelberg, 3000-4000 ft., Dréye !
Middleburg Div. ; near Middleburg Road, Flanagan, 1380! Sim, 2207! Colesberg
Div. ; Colesberg, Arnot!
WESTERN REGION: Great Namaqualand ; Lachanabis, Dinter, 901!
Katanartr Recron : Griqualand West ; diamond fields, Nelson, 256! Warrenton,
Miss Adams, 81! Orange Free State ; on the Orange River near Aliwal North,
Kuntze! Bechuanaland; Pellat Plains, Burchell, 2243! south of Takun,
Burchell, 2222! Transvaal; Sterkstroom River, Burke, 517! and without precise
locality, Holub !
Also in Tropical Africa.
2. A. sericocephalus (Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 561); an erect
sparingly branched shrub nearly 1 ft. high; branches terete, pilose ;
leaves linear, acutely acuminate, 9-12 lin. long, 3-1 lin. wide,
glabrous, l-nerved; head globose, 9 lin. in diam., many-flowered ;
peduncle 2-8 in. long, pilose, bearing a few reduced leaves ; involu-
cral bracts few, ovate, acuminate, 5 lin. long, 14 lin. wide; calyx
about 4 lin. long; tube subcylindric, pilose outside, circumscissile
just below the middle and with a tuft of hairs 2} lin. long near the
base ; lobes 5, about 4} lin. long, ovate, subacute, fleshy ; stamens 10 ;
achene ovoid, 14 lin. long, granular-punctate. Gnidia Pretoriz,
Gilg in O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. iii. ii, 281.
SoutH AFRICA: without locality, Zeyher, 1494!
KALAHARI REGION: Orange River Colony ; Rhinoster River, Burke! Bechuana-
land ; between Mafeking and Ramoutsa, Zugard! Transvaal ; Mooi River, Burke!
Aapjes River, Burke! Pretoria, Auntze! Wonderboompoort, Rehmann, 4529!
Bohfontein, Rustenberg, Jenkins, 6904! Collins, 123! Warmbaths, Miss Leendertz,
1333! Potgietersrust, Miss Leendertz, 1919! and without precise locality, MeLea
in Herb. Bolus, 5798 !
8. A. calocephalus (C. A. Meyer in Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad.
Pétersb. i. 1845, 359); a branched shrub about 1} ft. high ;
branches virgate, usually simple, slender, terete, often reddish-
brown, pilose ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, up to 1} in. long and 4 lin.
wide, the uppermost sometimes elliptic, 7 lin. long, 4 lin. wide, all
acute or subobtuse, with numerous long adpressed hairs on both
surfaces, silky when young; heads terminal, many-flowered ; in-
volucral bracts similar to the upper leaves, long-silky ; receptacle
hemispherical ; calyx white, 6 lin. long, densely villous outside,
constricted and circumscissile about 14 lin. above the base, slightly
wider above; lobes 5, ovate or oblong, } lin. long; upper anthers
slightly exserted ; ovary oblong; achene oblong, finely granular
beneath the shining pellucid epidermis, enclosed in the glabrescent
calyx-base. Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 561. Passerina calo-
6 THYMELAZACEA (Wright). [Arthrosolen.
Eastern Recion: Pondoland; St. Andrews, 1000 ft., Zyson, 3138} Natal ;
near Durban, Sanderson, 85! Intschanga, Rehmann, 7835! between Umkomanzi
and Umlazi Rivers, Drege! Inanda, Wood, 38! 156. Hillside near Bothas,
2500 ft., Wood! and in MacOwan, Herb, Austr.-Afr., 1525! Dumisa Station,
Rudatis, 420! Krantz Kloof, Kuntze! and without precise locality, Gerrard, 2821!
Zululand, Mrs. McKenzie!
4. A. ornatus (Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 559) ; a much-branched
shrub; branches at first pilose, finally glabrous and rather rough ;
leaves opposite or occasionally alternate, closely placed, oblong-
lanceolate, acute, 6 lin. long, 14-3 lin. wide, pilose with long hairs
on the margin and undersurface ; flowers in the axils of the upper-
most leaves, subcapitate ; calyx pilose outside; tube about 7 lin.
long, slightly curved, glabrous inside ; lobes 4, two outer broadly
ovate, rounded at the base, 34 lin. long, 24 lin. wide, pilose outside,
two inner oblong, about 3 lin. long, | lin. wide, glabrous on both
surfaces, all obtuse; anthers oblong, nearly | lin. long, upper
shortly exserted ; ovary oblong, pilose at the apex ; style excentric,
filiform, clavate at the apex. (nidia vesiculosa, Eckl. & Zeyh. ex
Drége in Linnea, xx. 208; Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 559.
G. ornata, Gilg in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 6 A, 228.
Var. B, Gueinzii (Meisn, in DC. Prodr. xiv. 559); branches and leaves pilose
longer than in the type ; calyx smaller.
Sours Arrica : without locality, Ecklon & Zeyher. Var. B, Gueinzius.
Coast Recion: Caledon Div. ; Kleinrivier Mountains, 1000-3000 ft., Zeyher,
3755! Bredasdorp Div.; Rhenoster Kop, Schlechter, 10603! near Elim, Bolus,
7852!
5. A. spicatus (C. A. Meyer in Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Pétersb.
i, 1845, 359); a shrub about 2 or more ft. high; stem terete,
glabrous except when young, rough with the scars of fallen leaves ;
leaves ovate, obtuse, imbricate, 3 lin. long, 1} lin. wide, glabrous
and somewhat tuberculate (when dry) above, villous below when
young ; flowers solitary in the axils of the upper leaves ; bracteoles 2,
linear, 3 lin. long; calyx white, pubescent outside ; tube 34 lin.
long, lower 1} lin. oval, persistent, upper part funnel-shaped ;
lobes 4, 2 lin. long, 2 outer ovate, acute, 1 lin. wide, 2 inner oblong,
obtuse, lin. wide; anthers oblong; ovary oblong, 1 lin. long,
pubescent at the apex ; style slender, reaching nearly to the upper
anthers ; stigma capitate, hairy. Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 559 ;
Bolus & Wolley-Dod in Trans. 8S. Afr. Phil. Soc. xiv. 315. Passerina
spicata, Linn. f. Suppl. 226 ; Wikstr. in Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh.
1818, 346 ; Wendl. Bot. Beobacht. 19, t. 2, fig. 19 ; Lodd. Cab. t. 311 ;
Thunb. Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 377 ; Meisn, in Linnea, xiv. 398; Drege,
Zwei Pfl. Documente, 101, 122. P. lateriflora, Hort. ex Wikstr.
le. 347. Genista spicata, Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Meisn. in DC. Prodr.
Arthrosolen.] THYMELZACES (Wright). ‘|
xiv. 559. Gnidia spicata, Gilg in Engl. & Prantl, Planzenfam. iii.
6 A, 228.
SourH AFRICA; without locality, Sieber, 63! Forster! Burke, 180! Armstrong,
189!
Coast Recion: Cape Div.; Cape Flats, Burchell, 8393! Mund, 6! near
Durban Road, MacOwan & Bolus, Herb. Norm, Austr.-Afr., 250! Vygeskraal
River, Wolley-Dod, 331! Muizenberg Vley, Wolley-Dod, 923! Flats near Doorn
Hoogte, Wolley- Dod, 615! sand dunes, Bolus, 3698! Pearl Div. ; Klein Draken-
steia Mountains and Dal Josaphat, under 1000 ft., Drége! Stellenbosch Div. ;
between Stellenbosch and Cape Flats, Burchell, 8350! Bredasdorp Div. ; foot of
Pot Berg, Mund, 18! limestone hills between Cape Agulhas and Pot Berg, Drége.
Elim, Schlechter, 7729! Swellendam Div. ; between Buffeljagts River Drift and
Swellendam, Burchell, 7291!
6. A. fraternus (N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1901, 132); an
undershrub 6-10 in. high; branches many, slender, adpressed-
pilose ; leaves opposite, subsessile, narrowly lanceolate, 4-6 lin.
long, 1-14 lin. wide, flat, erect, glabrous ; spike 6-9 lin. long, laxly
6—-10-flowered, ebracteate; calyx adpressed-pilose outside ; tube
34 lin, long, very slender ; lobes 4, oblong, 14 lin. long, 3 lin. wide,
obtuse, yellowish-purple at the tip; stamens 8; achene about 2 lin.
long, narrowly ovoid, smooth, enclosed in the persistent membranous
base of the calyx.
Coast Recion ; Queenstown Div. ; Mountains near Queenstown, 4000-5000 ft.,
Galpin, 1771!
7. A. laxus (C. A. Meyer in Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Pétersb. i.
1845, 359); a shrub, 2 ft. or more high, very much branched ;
branches terete, pubescent to pilose; leaves linear or oblong, 2-5
lin. long, 4-1 lin. wide, obtuse, pilose when young, finally glabrous
or with a terminal tuft of hairs; flowers 4-8 in a terminal very
short spike; bracts similar to the leaves or slightly wider; calyx
greenish-yellow, 3-4 lin. long, inflated below, very slender at the
centre, funnel-shaped above, pilose outside, circumscissile about the
middle ; lobes 4, about } lin. long, rounded ; anthers } lin. long ;
ovary ovoid ; achene 1} lin. long, pilose at the apex, transversely
rugose. Bolus d Wolley-Dod in Trans. S. Afr. Phil. Soc. xiv. 315.
Passerina laxa, Linn. f. Suppl. 226; Wikstr. in Vet. Acad. Handl.
Stockh. 1818, 346; Wendl. Bot. Beobacht. 20, t. 2, fig. 20; Thunb.
Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 376; Lodd. Cab. t. 755; Drége, Zwei PA.
Documente, 88; Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 396, and in DC. Prodr. xiv.
560. P. tenuiflora, Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. i. 426; Wikstr.
Le. 342; Bartl. in Linnea, xiv. 403. Gnidia laxa, Gilg in Engl.
«& Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 6 A, 226. Rhytidosolen lawus, Van
Tiegh. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xl. 75, 1893.
Sout Arrica: without locality, Forster!
Coast Recion: Cape Div.; near Capetown, 50 ft., Bolus, 3318! between
Cape Town and Table Mountain, Burchell, 19! Table Mountain, 1000-2000 ft.,
Drége! Devils Mountain, near Rondebosch, 300 ft., Bolus in MacOwan & Bolus,
Herb. Norm. Austr.-Afr., 380! Raapenberg Vley, Wolley-Dod, 2108! Signal Hill,
- Wolley-Dod, 3037 ! Stellenbosch Div. ; Lowrys Pass, 500 ft., Schlechter, 7799!
8 THYMELAACES (Wright). [ Arthrosolen.
8. A. gymnostachys (C. A. Meyer in Bull. Phys~Math. Acad.
Pétersb. i. 1845, 359); an undershrub ; stems simple or branched,
terete, with yellowish adpressed hairs ; leaves alternate, rarely the
lower subopposite, linear-lanceolate, or oblong, acute, up to 6 lin.
long and 2 lin. wide, glabrous above, with long white adpressed
hairs on the margins and undersurface of the midrib; spikes
terminal, rather lax, 1-2 in. long, ebracteate ; calyx densely pilose
outside ; tube 2-3 lin. long, slender, cylindrical ; lobes 4, oblong,
obtuse, 1 lin. long ; ovary ovoid, compressed, $ lin. long, hairy at
the apex ; style exserted ; stigma capitate. Passerina gymnostachya,
Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 397, and in DC. Prodr. xiv. 560; Drege,
Zwi Pfl. Documente, 50.
CENTRAL Recton: Wodehouse Div. ; Mooi Flats, 5000-6000 ft., Drege !
Katanart Recion: Orange River Colony; without precise locality, Cooper,
825! Transvaal; near Lydenburg, Wilms, 1287. Waterval River, Wilms, 1034.
Eastern Recidn: Natal; Ladysmith, Rehmann, 7135!
9. A. variabilis (C. H. Wright) ; stem slender, terete, woody,
glabrous ; branches many, virgate, covered at least when young
with rather long adpressed hairs; leaves alternate, more rarely
subopposite, sessile, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute at both ends,
silky beneath, glabrous or nearly so above, about 6 lin, long and
1-14 lin. wide ; flowers in a gradually elongating terminal spike ;
bracts shorter than the calyx ; calyx 3-4 lin. long, fleshy, pink or
yellowish, persistent part ovoid, about 14 lin. long ; tube cylindrical,
adpressed-hairy outside; lobes 4, obtuse, about } lin. long, outer
ovate, $ lin. wide, inner oblong, } lin. wide ; stamens 8; ovary
ovate, compressed, tipped by a tuft of straight white hairs 3 lin.
long ; style excentric, reaching to the lower anthers; fruit ovoid,
acuminate, 14 lin. long.
Katanari Reeron : Orange River Colony ; Besters Vlei, near Witzies Hoek,
5300 ft., Bolus, 8243! Transvaal; near Ermelo, Burtt-Dav !
Wilms, 1287 | 1288! 0, Burtt-Dary, 960! Lydenburg,
EastERN ReaGion: Griqualand East; by streams near Kokstadt, 4250 ft.
Tyson, 1214! Natal; Weenen County, 4000-5000 ft., Wood, 4550! pinay hill
near Newcastle, 3000-4000 ft., Wood, 7200! near Charlestown, 5000-6000 ft
Wood, 4802! and without precise locality, Gerrard, 284! :
This species varies in the length and colour of its calyx and also in the length
and amount of the indumentum upon it. No satisfactory line can be drawn
between the forms included here, which merit further study in the field. A
fraternus, N. E. Br., the nearest ally, differs in havi i A :
caaad cb-Sitese y, differs in having opposite leaves and in the
10. A. pheotrichus (C. H. Wright); stems slightly branched,
1 ft. or rather more high, at first hirsute, at length glabrous or
nearly so, reddish-brown, 2 lin. in diam. ; leaves alternate, usually
oblong, acute, entire, 7 lin. long, 3 lin. wide, densely long-silky
beneath, more sparingly so above; flowers in a short terminal
spike ; calyx urceolate, not expanded in the upper part, densely —
_ hairy outside, swollen in the lower 2 lin., cylindrical above ; lobes 4,
Arthrosolen. | THYMELEHACES (Wright). 9
? lin. long, } lin. wide, oblong, rounded at the apex, all alike ;
petals 0; stamers 8 in 2 series ; anthers dark brown, subsessile ;
ovary ovate, compressed, | lin. long, with a terminal tuft of straight
hairs ; style excentric, filiform, reaching to the lower anthers ;
stigma slightly enlarged. Gnidia pheotricha, Gilg in O. Kuntze,
Rev. Gen. Pl. iii. ii. 281.
Eastern Recion: Natal; Inanda, Wood, 241! Brakwaal, 5000 ft., Wood
6583, near Durban, Wood, 236, near Charlestown, 5000-6000 ft., Wood, 5689 !
Drakensberg Range, Cooper, 3079! Van Reenans Pass, Kuntze! Bosch Berg,
a ft., MacOwan, 1539! and without precise locality, Mrs. Saunders ! Gerrard,
11. A. inconspicuus (Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 560); a dwarf
undershrub, much branched; branches opposite or almost verti-
cillate, terete, at first minutely puberulous, afterwards ash-coloured
and uneven ; leaves opposite, rarely almost in whorls of 4, sessile,
spreading, ovate-oblong or lanceolate, acute, 2-3 (rarely 4) lin. long,
nerveless or obscurely 1-nerved beneath, densely silky-pilose on both
surfaces ; flowers in terminal pairs or solitary in the axils of the
uppermost leaves, about as long as the leaves, white or yellowish
silky outside; calyx-tube searcely swollen at the apex; lobes 4,
half as long as the tube, oblong, obtuse, glabrous inside, two outer
rather wider, lilac inside, two inner yellow; anthers 8, sessile,
upper 4 exserted. Puasserina inconspicua, Meisn. in Linnea, xiv.
397.
SoutH Arrica: without locality, Drége, 7372.
ILI. PASSERINA, Linn.
Fowers hermaphrodite. Calya-tube slender from an ovoid base,
circumscissile above the ovary, naked in the throat ; lobes 4, patent,
about as long as the tube. Stamens 8, inserted in the calyx-
throat, exserted ; filaments rather shorter than the calyx-lobes ;
anthers ovate or ‘oblong ; ; connective narrow. Disc 0. Ovary sub-
sessile, glabrous, 1-celled ; style slenderly filiform ; stigma globose,
papillate. Fruit dry, included i in the persistent base of the calyx ;
pericarp membranous. Seed with crustaceous testa ; albumen fleshy ;
cotyledons fleshy, plano-convex.
Heath-like shrubs; leaves small, decussate; flowers in the axils of bracts
(usually wider than the leaves) arranged in terminal spikes.
DistRis. Species about 10, all South African.
Leaves spreading, falcate, 4 lin. long... — ... (1) faleifolia.
Leaves not spreading, nor closely adpressed to the
branches : oy
Leaves stout, 24 lin. long re ee he ... (2) Galpini.
Leaves acicular, 14-3 lin. iedae : :
Leaves glabrous ; : wee bee ... (3) filiformis.
Leaves pilose when young... as bs ... (4) comosa.
10 THYMELACE& (Wright). | Passerina.
Leaves closely adpressed to the branches, not more than
14 lin. long:
Bracts smooth when dry :
Calyx woolly ... ae ee oa ue ... (5) lanifiora.
Calyx glabrous ... on a ... (6) paleacea,
Bracts sulcately marked when dry :
Leaves shorter than the internodes ; spikes elongated (7 ) rubra.
Leaves usually longer than the internodes ; spikes
congested :
Branches at first tomentose :
Leaves linear or ovate-oblong ae ... (8) ericoides.
Leaves ovate... ie ae oe ... (9) rigida.
Branches at first puberulous ... i ... (10) corymbosa.
1. P. falcifolia (C. H. Wright); stem terete, much-branched,
closely tomentose when young ; leaves falcate, triangular in section,
slightly grooved above, acute beneath, 4 lin. long, 4 lin. thick,
obtuse, glabrous ; flowers in dense terminal spikes about 6 lin. long ;
bracts ovate, cuspidate, 3 lin. long, 2 lin. wide, glabrous outside,
densely woolly within ; calyx-tube 3 lin. long, ovoid in the lower
third, cylindrical above, densely woolly outside ; lobes 4, ovate,
obtuse, patent, 14 lin. long, 1 lin. wide, the 2 outer more concave
than the inner ; stamens inserted in the calyx-throat, shorter than
the lobes; anthers ovoid, 1 lin. long; ovary oblong, 1 lin. long.
P. filiformis, var. falcifolia, Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 399, and in DC.
Prodr. xiv. 562 ; Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 118, 124.
Soutn Arrica: without locality, Wallich! Mund!
Coast Reaction: George Div.; Wolf-drift, Malgaten River, Burchell, 6109!
Knysna Div. ; Ruigte Valley, under 500 ft., Drége! Uitenhage Div. ; Uitenhage,
in the stony channel of the Zwartkops River, Zeyher, 277! Van Stadens Berg,
1000-2000 ft., Drége !
2. P. Galpini (C. H. Wright); branches short, glabrous ; leaves
closely placed, subcylindrical, slightly incurved, 3 lin. long, } lin.
thick, glabrous, shining; flowers clustered at the ends of the
branches ; bracts transversely oblong, 2} lin. wide, scarious, pro-
duced above into a thick subulate obtuse lobe 1 lin. long ; bracteoles 0;
woolly at the base inside ; calyx glabrous ; tube narrowly ovoid,
1} lin. long, $ lin. in diam. below; lobes 1} lin. long, 1 lin.
wide, ovate, concave, obtuse ; longer stamens as long as the
calyx-lobes ; anthers obtusely cordate, } lin. long; ovary oblong,
.
s
cert style slightly longer than the calyx-tube ; stigma peni-
cillate.
Coast Rearon : Riversdale Div. ; Milkwoodfontein, about 600 ft., Galpin, 4491!
3. P. filiformis (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 559) ; stem much branched,
_terete ; branches puberulous; leaves acicular, triquetrous, acute,
1}-3 lin. long, adpressed to the branches, straight or very slightly
a8 _ incurved ; spikes terminal, very dense, about 9 lin. long ; bracts
Passerina. | THYMELAACEE (Wright). 11
ovate, cuspidate, 24 lin. long, 14 lin. wide, glabrous outside, very
woolly within, midrib prominent on the back ; calyx-tube about as
long as the bract, ovoid and nearly glabrous below, slender, cylin-
drical and clothed with patent white hairs in the upper half ; lobes
patent, elliptical, rounded at the apex, 1} lin. long, not quite half
as broad, glabrous ; stamens exserted ; anther-cells diverging below ;
ovary elliptic, compressed; style filiform, about as long as the
stamens. Thunb. Prodr. 75, and Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 374; Wendl.
Beobacht. 18, t. 2, fig. 15 ; Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 429; Poir. Encyel. v. 40 ;
Wikstr. in Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh. 1818, 324; Meisn. in Linnea,
xiv. 399, and in DOC. Prodr. xiv. 562; Bolus & Wolley-Dod in
Trans. 8S. Afr. Phil. Soc. xiv. 315, partly.
SoutH AFRICA ; without locality, Sieber, 74! Pappe! Forster! Forsyth! Thom,
553! 577! Zeyher! Mund! Harvey, 642! 692! Hooker! Miller! Talbot!
Laubner !
Coast Recion: Paarl Div. ; Paarl Mountains, Drége! Paarl, Bolus, 2924!
Cape Div. ; hills and flats near Cape Town, Burchell, 66! 276! 473! Ecklon,
508 !3 Bolus, 2925! Wilms, 3590! Wolley-Dod, 3103! Mund and Maire! Wright!
Swellendam Div. ; Swellendam, Burke, 45! Riversdale Div.; Great Valsch
River, Burchell, 6544! Mossel Bay Div. ; between the landing place at Mossel
Bay and Cape St. Blaize, Burchell, 6267! Attaques Kloof, Gill! Humansdorp
Div. ; Diep River, near Humansdorp, Bolus, 2440! Port Elizabeth Div. ; Port
Elizabeth, drift sands, Sim, 20! Bathurst Div.; Port Alfred, Hutton, 302!
Albany Div. ; Howisons Poort, near Grahamstown, MacOwan, 103 ! Zwartwater
Poort, Burchell, 3419! and without precise locality, Zeyher, 72! King Williams-
town Div. ; Mount Coke, 1000 ft., Sim, 1380!
CenTraL Recion: Clanwilliam Div. ; Wupperthal, Baron Th, von Wurmb.
WESTERN Reaion: Little Namaqualand ; Modderfontein Berg, 4000-5000 it.,
Drége.
Eastern Recion ; Tembuland ; Equtyeni, near All Saints, Baur, 1162! Natal ;
Inanda, Wood, 1182! Van Reenan, 5000 ft., Wood, 6601! and without precise
locality, Gerrard, 1478! Sutherland !
4. P. comosa (C. H. Wright); stem terete, pilose when young ;—
leaves 4-ranked, closely adpressed, almost straight, more or less
convex on the back, subobtuse, pilose (especially when young) in
the upper part, about 2 lin. long and } lin. thick ; spikes terminal ;
bracts ovate, obtuse, 14 lin. long, densely pilose ; calyx 2 lin. long,
pilose outside ; tube ovoid below, shortly cylindrical above ; lobes 4,
obovate, 14 lin. long, } lin. wide, obtuse ; stamens exserted ; fila-
ments filiform, 2 lin. long, the alternate 1} lin. long. P. filiformis,
var. comosa, Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 399, and in DC. Prodr. xiv.
562.
Western Region: Little Namaqualand ; Kamiesberg Range, Drége, 2570!
5. P. laniflora (C. H. Wright); a woody plant with numerous
short branches, pilose at their tips ; leaves strictly 4-ranked, oblong,
slightly incurved, 2 lin. long, } lin. wide, obtuse, glabrous ; flowers
clustered at the end of the branches; bracts ovate, 1} lin. long ;
bracteoles 2, thickly triquetrous, 14 lin. long ; calyx densely woolly
all over ; tube subcylindrical, 1} lin. long; lobes 4, broadly ovate,
12 THYMELAZACE (Wright). - [Passerina.
1} lin. long, 1 lin. wide, obtuse ; filaments slender, the 4 longer
half as long as the calyx-lobes ; appendages cylindrical, } lin. long ;
ovary ovoid ; style filiform, 2 lin. long ; stigma penicillate.
Coast Recion: Clanwilliam Div. ; Cederberg Range, Sneeuw Kop, 4500 ft.,
Bodkin in Herb. Bolus, 9086 !
6. P. paleacea (Wikstr. in Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh. 1818, 323) ;
a much-branched shrub ; branches lax, with a thick covering of
wool at the apex, finally glabrous ; leaves linear, obtuse, trigonous,
1-13 lin. long, adpressed, subimbricate, glabrous; spikes short,
comose ; bracts scaly, coloured, imbricate, broadly ovate, obtuse,
14 lin. long and wide, convex and obtusely keeled on the back,
smooth, nerveless ; calyx glabrous ; tube as long the bracts. Meisn.
in Linnea, xiv. 400, and in DC. Prodr. xiv. 562. P. salsolefolia,
Lam. Encycl. v. 41; Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 400, partly. Lachneea
paleacea, Herb. Banks. ex Wikstr. in Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh.
1818, 324.
Sourn Arrica; without locality, Sparrmann, Drége, Ludwig.
7. P. rubra (C. H. Wright); branches virgate, slender, white-
pubescent when young, at length glabrous, internodes slightly
longer than the leaves ; leaves oblong, obtuse, triquetrous, 14 lin.
long, 4 lin. thick, glabrous ; flowers crowded near the upper. part of
the branches ; bracts ovate, 2 lin. long, 1} lin. wide, densely silky
inside, glabrous and strongly 5- or 7-ribbed outside; bracteoles 0 ;
calyx-tube ovoid, 14 lin. long ; lobes elliptic, concave, obtuse, 1} lin.
long, 3 lin. wide, subscarious ; stamens 8, the longer as long as the
calyx-lobes ; ovary ovoid, glabrous; style filiform; stigma peni-
cillate.
Coast Recon: Riversdale Div. ; Muiskraal, near Garcias Pass, 1200 ft.,
Galpin, 4492! Albany Div.; mountains near Howisons Poort, 2000 ft.,
MacOwan, 103!
8. P. ericoides (Linn. Mant. 236); branches numerous, slender,
short, at first tomentose, finally glabrous ; leaves closely adpressed
to the branches, linear or ovate-oblong, 1 lin. long, obtuse or
truncate, thick, glabrous ; flowers in short terminal spikes ; bracts
transversely oblong, 1 lin. long, 1} lin. wide, obtuse, glabrous
outside, woolly within; calyx-tube ovoid, 1} lin. long, glabrous,
submembranous ; lobes elliptic, concave, obtuse, scarious, | lin. long,
7 lin. wide ; longer stamens two-thirds as long as the calyx-lobes ;
ovary ovate; style filiform, longer than the calyx-tube. Lam.
Encycl. v. 41; Wikstr. in Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh. 1818, 325;
Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 401, and in DC. Prodr. xiv. 562; Drége,
: Zwei Pfl. Documente, 114, 129. P. glomerata, Thunb. Prodr. 75,
and Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 374. Lachnzea conglomerata, Linn. Sp. Pl.
ed. i. 560; Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 434. .
Passerina, | - THYMELZACES (Wright). 13
Coast Region: Cape Div.; Simons Bay, Wright! Cape Flats, Burchell,
8389! near Wynberg, Bolus, 2926! Ceres Div.; between Hex River Mountains
and Bokkeveld, 3000-4000 ft., Drége! Riversdale Div.; hills near Zoetemelks
River, Burchell, 6781! Swellendam Div.; on dry hills near Breede River,
Burchell, 7463 ! Mossel Bay Div. ; between Great Brak River and Little Brak River,
Burchell, 6163! Uitenhage Div. ; without precise locality, Zeyher, 156! Port
Elizabeth Div. ; Port Elizabeth, on the sand hills and rocky shores, under 100 ft.,
Drége! Albany Div.; Howisons Poort, Cooper, 2301! Bathurst Div. ; between
Kasuga River and Port Alfred, Burchell, 4049 !
CeNTRAL ReEGIon : Somerset Div. ; Somerset, Bowker! Molteno Div, ; Brough-
ton, near Molteno, Flanagan, Albert Div. ; without precise locality, Cooper, 625!
KaLaHarI Reaion: Orange Free State ; without precise locality, Cooper, 842!
oe without precise locality, Cooper, 702! 2302! Transvaal; MacMac,
Mudd!
Eastern Recion: Natal; near Durban, Peddie! Mooi River, Wood! Van
Reenen, Wood, 11405! Klip River, Sutherland ! ,
9. P. rigida (Wikstr. in Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh. 1818, 326) ;
a much-branched shrub ; branchlets tomentose in the upper part ;
leaves opposite, 4-ranked, imbricate, linear, obtuse, almost trique-
trous, 1-2 lin. long, } lin. wide; flowers few at the ends of the
branches ; bracts broadly ovate, 1 lin. long, 3 lin. wide, obtuse or
subacute ; calyx-lobes oblong, obtuse, 1 lin. long. Meisn. in DC.
Prodr. xiv. 563, and in Linnea, xiv. 402. P. filiformis, Bolus &
Wolley-Dod in Trans. 8S. Afr. Phil, Soc. xiv. 315, partly, not of Linn.
Var. 8, truncata (Meisn. in Linnwa, xiv. 402); leaves adpressed to the
branches, approximately quadrifarious, obtuse or almost preemorse, about 14 lin.
long ; spikes terminal, not comose ; calyx-lobes oval, obtuse. DC. Prodr. xiv.
563. LP. rigida, Drége, Zwei Pf. Doewmente, 68, 69.
Var. y, tetragona (Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 402); leaves very slightly spreading,
strictly quadrifarious, obtuse ; spikes terminal, not comose ; bracts ovate or sub-
rotund, obtuse, keeled, distinctly nerved ; calyx-lobes oblong. Meisn. in DC.
Prodr. xiv. 563. P. rigida, var. B, Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 75.
Var. 5, comosa (Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 402); leaves adpressed to the branches,
1-14 lin. long, convex, obtuse, not or very slightly keeled near the apex ; flowers
in tufted slender spikes at the ends of the branches ; bracts ovate-oblong, neives
indistinct ; calyx-lobes narrowly oblong. Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 563. P.
rigida, Drége in Linnxa, xx. 210.
SoutH Arrica : without locality, Sparrmann.
Coast Reaion: Cape Div. ; Table Mountain, Burchell, 626! near Simonstown,
Wolley-Dod, 1878! 2927! Houts Bay, Wolley-Dod, 1575! Riversdale Div. ;
summit of Kampsche Berg, Burchell, 7129! George Div. ; on the Ciadock Berg,
near George, Burchell, 5929! Port Elizabeth Div. ; shore near Port Elizabeth, Zeyher,
405! Bathurst Div.; near Port Alfred, Burchell, 3835! 3950! King Williams-
town Div. ; Perie, 3000 ft., Stem, 68! Var. 8: Tulbagh Div. ; Tulbagh, Pappe!
near Tulbagh waterfall, Zeyher, 43! near Saron, Schlechter, 10627! Knysna Div. ;
Ruigte Vallei, under 500 ft., Drége! Var. y: Clanwilliam Div. ; Ezels Bank,
Ceder Bergen, 4000-5000 ft., Drége! Var. 8: Caledon Diy, ; tops of the moun-
tains of the Baviaans Kloof, near Genadendal, Burchell, 7761! Genadendal,
Bolus in Herb. Norm. Austr.-Afr., 687! Uitenhage Div. ; Zwartkops River,
Zeyher, 7381! Port Elizabeth Div. ; Krakakamma, Zeyher, 3780!
CenTRAL Recon: Ceres Div. ; Gydouw Mountain, Schlechter, 10220!
WrstERN Recion: Var. 8: Little Namaqualand ; near Spektakel, 3000 ft.,
Bolus, 9507 ! J
Katanari Recion: Orange Free State ; Harrismith, Sankey, 69!
Eastern Recion: Natal; on sandhills near the sea beach, Durban, Wood,
1712! Var. &: Natal; Durban, Sutherland! Wilms, 2277! and without precise
locality, Gerrard, 95!
14 THYMELAACE (Wright). | Passerina.
10. P. corymbosa (Eckl. ex Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 562); a
much-branched undershrub ; branchlets slender, at first puberulous ;
leaves oblong, obtuse, about 1} lin. long, smooth ; flowers collected
in short thick spikes at the ends of the branches; bracts ovate,
subacute, 14 lin. long, densely woolly inside, glabrous, ribbed and
keeled outside ; calyx-tube 2 lin. long, inflated and very finely
pubescent in the lower half, cylindrical, densely pubescent and
1 lin. in diam. above ; lobes elliptical, obtuse, concave, 1 lin. long ;
stamens inserted in the calyx-throat, the outer slightly longer than
the lobes ; ovary ? lin. long, compressed, glabrous ; style lateral.
Coast Reaction : Tulbagh Div. ; Piquetberg Road, Tyson, 2318 ! Saron, 3000 ft.,
Schlechter, 10660! Swellendam Div.; Swellendam, Zeyher! Albany Div. ; High-
lands, Misses Daly d& Sole, 297! Bathurst Div.; Port Alfred, Mutton, 1603!
Queenstown Div. ; summit of Andriesberg, near Bailey, 6400-6800, Galpin, 2028 !
CENTRAL ReGion: Graaff Reinet Div. ; summit of Oude Berg, 5000 ft., and
Sneewberg Mountains, 5000-7500 ft., Bolus, 170!
KataHARI REGION: Basutoland ; Machacha, 9000 ft., Bryce !
EasteRN Reeion: Natal; Mooi River, 4000 ft., Wood, 4086!
Imperfectly known species.
11. P. eriophora (Gandog. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, lx. 418, |
1913); a dwarf shrub, very densely branched; branches white-
woolly, arcuately deflexed or pendulous ; leaves triangular, dilated
at the base, keeled, glabrous, straight, imbricate ; flowers white, in
a short terminal spike, axis very woolly ; berry subglobose, reddish.
EasteRN Reeaion: Natal; near Durban, Wood, 1702, 6592.
Allied to P. filiformis, Linn.
12. P. hamulata (Gandog. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, lx. 418,
1913); quite glabrous except the branches; branches rigid,
straight, slender, tomentose ; leaves about | lin. long, quadrifarious,
imbricate, uncinate, pallid, dilated, mucronate and hooked at the
apex ; flowers white, capitate ; berry globose.
Coast Recton: Cape Div. ; on sand dunes near Wynberg, Bolus.
This may be the same as P. ericoides, Linn.
IV. CHYMOCOCCA, Meisn.
Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx-tube urceolate, constricted above
the ovary, naked in the throat; lobes 4, patent. Stamens 8, fixed
in the calyx-throat, exserted; filaments a little shorter than the
calyx-lobes; anthers ovate-oblong, connective narrow. Hypo-
gynous disc 0. Ovary subsessile, glabrous, 1-celled ; style filiform ;
stigma globose. Fruit baccate, included in the base of the calyx
or nof, striate. Seed albuminous ; testa rather thick, at length
subcrustaceous ; cotyledons fleshy.
Chymocoeca. | THYMELAZACES (Wright). 15
A heath-like shrub with the habit of Passerina ; bracts not different from the
stem leaves.
Distr1B. Monotypic, endemic.
1. C. empetroides (Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 565); a small
much-branched shrub ; branchlets whitish-tomentose ; leaves opposite
or subopposite, oblong, trigonous, obtuse, rather thick, 1-1} lin.
long, smooth or rugulose ; bracts nearly 1 lin. wide, acuminate ;
flowers in a short spike at the apex of the branchlets; calyx green
(Meisner), 14 lin. long, deciduous ; tube oblong, puberulous outside
and in the throat ; lobes roundish, equal, glabrous, } lin. across ;
stamens 8, the 4 opposite the calyx-lobes nearly as long as them,
the others rather shorter; ovary ovoid ; style slender, nearly as
long as the ovary ; stigma capitate, papillose ; berry globose, 3 lin.
in diam., shining scarlet (Bolus); seed ovoid, slightly compressed,
shining black. Bolus & Wolley-Dod in Trans. 8. Afr. Phil. Soc.
xiv. 315. Passerina filiformis, var. crassifolia, Eckl. & Zeyh. ex
Meisn. L.e.
SoutH Arrica : without locality, Zeyher! Harvey, 641!
Coast Recion: Cape Div.; Simons Bay, Wright! Kalk Bay, 50 ft., Bolus,
4498 !
WesTERN Recion: Vanrhynsdorp Div.; Zout River, Bolus, 42!
V. CRYPTADENIA, Meisn.
Flowers hermaphrodite. Calya-tube cylindrical or funnel-shaped,
constricted and at length circumscissile above the ovary ; naked
inside above the filaments ; lobes 4, patent, as long as or longer than
the tube. Stamens 8, all or the 4 upper shortly exserted ; filaments
filiform ; anthers oblong; connective narrow. Scales 8 tu many
in a single series below the stamens. Dise 0. Ovary sessile,
1-celled ; style filiform, sometimes thicker and hairy above. Fruit
dry, included in the persistent thinly membranous base of the calyx.
Seed with a shining crustaceous testa; albumen fleshy ; embryo
subterete.
Much-branched, heath-like undershrubs ; leaves decussate, small, acerose or
obtuse ; flowers solitary at the apex of the branches or in the axils of the upper
leaves, often silky outside, bibracteolate.
Distris. Species 5, endemic.
Calyx-lobes 6 lin, long o. eit ses pec ... (1) grandiflora.
Calyx-lobes 3 lin. long :
Branchlets glabrous eee ee Se ie ... (2) uniflora,
Branches at first puberulous... vee pa --- (3) laxa.
Calyx-lobes 2 lin. long, oblong... soe ye ... (4) breviflora.
‘Calyx-lobes 1} lin. long, ovate... mae oe ... (5) filicaulis.
16 THYMELEZACE# (Wright). | Cryptadenia.
1. C. grandiflora (Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 405); a small much-
branched shrub; branchlets slightly pubescent; leaves opposite,
sessile, adpressed, linear or oblong, concave, rounded on the back
or keeled towards the apex, acute, 2—4 lin. long, nearly 1 lin. wide,
the uppermost slightly wider, glabrous; calyx mauve ((ralpin),
silky outside ; tube cylindrical, } lin. in diam. ; lobes oblong, obtuse
or acute, up to 6 lin. long and 3 lin. wide; scales oblong, } lin.
long; the 4 stamens opposite the calyx-lobes a third as long as
them, the others shorter ; ovary oblong, ? lin. long ; style slightly
oblique, slender, reaching to the level of the longer stamens ; stigma
subcapitate. Meisn. in Hook. Lond. Journ, Bot. ii. 552, and in DC.
Prodr. xiv. 573; Bolus & Wolley-Dod in Trans. S. Afr. Phil. Soc.
xiv. 315; Gilg in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 6 A, 234,
jig. 83 E. Gnidia pachyphylla, Spreng. ex Meisn. in Linnea, xiv.
405. Calysericos caniculata, Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Drege in Linnea,
xx. 210.
Var, B, latifolia (Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 573); leaves oval or oblong, flat
or slightly incurved at the margins, 24-4 lin. long, 14-24 lin. wide, acute, nerve-
less ; calyx half as large as in the type; tube as long as the leaves ; lobes ovate,
obtuse, 4-44 lin. long, 3 lin. wide.
SoutH AFRICA: without locality, Sieber! Grey! Wallich ! Drége, Harvey, 643!
Var. B, without collector’s name.
Coast Recion: Malmesbury Div. ; Mamre, Baur! Cape Div. ; Cape Flats, near
Rondebosch, Burchell, 163! 194! Ecklon, 361! Cape Peninsula, Kommetijes,
100 ft., Galpin, 4494! Vygeskraal Farm, Wolley-Dod, 663! Muizenberg, 1000 ft.,
Bolus, 4635! Simons Bay, Wright! MacGillivray, 632! 633! Milne, 170!
Stellenbosch Div. ; between Stellenbosch and Bottelary Hill, Burchell, $342!
between Lowrys Pass and Jonkers Hoek, Burchell, 8326! Caledon Div. ; Houw
Hoek, 1500 ft., Schlechter, 9375!
2. C. uniflora (Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 406); an undershrub;
branches slender, glabrous; leaves opposite, subacicular, 3-6 lin.
long, } lin. wide, subpungent, keeled, glabrous ; bracts 4, like the
leaves ; flowers solitary; calyx silky outside; tube 3 lin. long,
cylindrical, hairy in the throat ; lobes ovate-elliptic, acute, 3 lin. long,
1} lin. wide, purple, glabrous within ; scales minute, oblong, in-
serted at about the middle of the calyx-tube ; filaments } lin. long,
stout ; anthers oblong, about as long as the free part of the fila-
ment; ovary oblong, } lin. long, glabrous; style filiform ; stigma
clavate. Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 573; Drege, Zwei Pfl. Docu-
mente, 104, 110, 111, 112, 119; Bot. Mag. t. 4143; Bolus d Wolley-
Dod in Trans. S. Afr. Phil. Soc. xiv. 315. (. ciliata, Meisn. in
Linnea, xiv. 407, and in DC. Prodr. xiv. 574. Passerina uniflora,
Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 560; Lam. Ill. t. 291, fig. 1; Wikstr. in Vet.
Acad. Handl. Stockh. 1818, 344; var. purpurea, Berg. Descr. Pl.
Cap. 128. Calycoseris uniflora, Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Meisn. in DC.
Prodr. xiv. 573.—Thymelea ramosa, linearibus, ete., Burm. Rar.
Afr. Pl. Dec. v. 134, t. 48, fig. 1.
SoutH Arrica: without locality, Mund! Villet! Krebs. 61!
Coast Recion: Clanwilliam Div. ; between Pikeniers Kloof and Markus Kraal,
*
Cryptadenia. | THYMELHACEA (Wright). 17
Drége! between Kromrivier and Berg Vallei, under 1000 ft., Drége, Piquetberg
Div. ; Twenty-four River, under 1000 ft., Drége. Malmesbury Div. ; between
Groene Kloof and Dassen Berg, under 500 ft., Drege. Tulbagh Div. ; Roodezand,
near Tulbagh, Drége, Ceres Road, Schlechter, 9089! Worcester Divy.;: Breede
River, near Bains Kloof, 800 ft., Bolus, 2923! Cape Div.; Cape Flats, Zeyher,
1485! Ecklon, 362! Harvey! Tyson, 1459! Wynberg Flats, Wilms, 3592! Drege,
near Claremont, 100 ft., Bolus, 2923 B! Wolley-Dod, 611! Vygeskraal, Wolley-
Dod, 482! sand flats between Paarden Island, Tygerberg and Blueberg, Dréye !
near Cape Town, 100 ft., Bolus, 4592! Princess Vley, MacOwan, Herb. Austr.-Afr.,
1637 !
3. C. laxa (C. H. Wright); plant not exceeding 1 ft. in
height ; branches arising close to the ground, wiry, at first pube-
rulous, finally glabrous ; internodes usually as long as the leaves ;
leaves opposite, ovate-lanceolate, acute, up to 4 lin. long and nearly
1 lin. wide, concave, smooth on the back or slightly keeled above,
glabrous; flowers solitary, terminal; calyx silky outside; tube
cylindrical, slender, 2-3 lin. long; lobes ovate, 3 lin. long, 1} lin.
wide, subacute ; longer stamens reaching to the middle of the calyx-
lobes ; anthers oblong, } lin. long; scales oblong, slender, } lin.
long, at base of free part of tilament ; ovary oblong, glabrous ; style
lateral, filiform, thickened and hairy above ; stigma shortly clavate.
Souru Arrica: without locality, Harvey !
Coast Recion: Caledon Div.; Zwart Berg, near Caledon, 3200 ft., Bolus,
78751 near Houw Hoek, 2000 ft., Bolus, 9208! Bredasdorp Div. ; Elim, Bolus,
7876!
4. C. breviflora (Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 406) ; branches pubescent
when young, at length glabrous; leaves decussate, patulous, linear,
acute, keeled on the back, glabrous, 2} lin. long, $ lin. wide ;
flowers terminal, solitary ; calyx silky outside; tube 2 lin. long,
infundibuliform ; lobes oblong, 2 lin. long, 1 lin. wide ; anthers
oblong, obtuse, # lin, long; ovary ovoid; style columnar, lateral.
Drege, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 99 ; Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 573 ;
Bolus & Wolley-Dod in Trans. 8. Afr. Phil. Soc. xiv. 315. Passerina
uniflora, B alba, Berg. Deser. Pl. Cap. 129. P. campanulata,
E. Meyer ex Meisn. in DO. Prodr. xiv. 574. P. grandiflora, Curt.
Bot. Mag. t. 292. Calycoseris tabularis, C. subulata and C. parvi-
jlora, Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 574.—Thymelea
foliis triquetris, angustis, ete., Burm. Rar. Afr. Pl. Dec. v. 132, t. 48,
2. Thymelea fruticosa Pinastri, ete., Pluk. Mant. 180, and
Phyt. t. 445, fig. 8.
SourH Arrica: without locality, Niven, Eschscholtz, Lalande, Phillips, 3796!
Coast Region: Paarl Div. ; between Paarl and Lady Grey Railway Bridge,
Drége! Cape Div.; Table Mountain, Ecklon, 360! Doornhoogte, Cape Flats,
Zeyher, 3744, near Smitswinkel Bay not far from Cape Point, MacOwan !
Stellenbosch Div. ; Hottentots Holland, MacOwan, 3182! Caledon Div. ; Houw
Hoek, 1000 ft., Galpin, 4493!
5. C. filicaulis (Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 407); an undershrub
about 1 ft. high; branches slender and wiry, glabrous; leaves
FL. C.—VOL. V.—SECT. II. Cc
18 THYMELAACE& (Wright). | Cryptadenia.
decussate, oblong, acute, 3 lin. long, } lin. wide, flat or slightly
concave above, convex beneath, glabrous ; flowers usually solitary,
terminal ; calyx pubescent outside ; tube ovoid for about | lin., then
suddenly dilated into a cup } lin. deep and 1} lin. in diam. ; lobes
ovate, 2 acute, 2 obtuse, 1} lin. long, ? lin. wide ; longer stamens
reaching to about the middle of the calyx-lobes; anthers oblong,
4 lin. long; scales yellow, smaller than the anthers; ovary ovoid ;
style lateral, columnar. Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 574; Drege in
Linnea, xx. 210. Gnidia genistaefolia, Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Meisn. le.
South Arrica: without locality, Dréye, 7367 !
Coast Recion: Caledon Div. ; River Zonder Einde, near Appelskraal, Zeyher,
3748 ! Vogelgat, 100 ft., Schlechter, 9579! Zwarteberg, Zeyher, 3747 !
CentraL Recion: Ceres Div. ; between Witzenberg and Skurfdeberg, 2000-
5000 ft., Zeyher, 5! 1486! Cold Bokkeveld, Klyn Vlei, 4000 ft., Schlechter,
10067 !
VI. LACHNAA, Linn.
Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx-tube cylindrical, or constricted
above the ovary, circumscissile ; lobes 4, patent, the outer usually
rather larger; throat naked. Petals 0. Stamens 8, usually shortly
exserted ; filaments filiform; anthers small, connective narrow.
Scales 8, linear or clavate, included in the ecalyx-tube below the
stamens. Dise 0. Ovary sessile, 1-celled; style filiform ; stigma
globose or ovoid. Fruit dry, enclosed in the persistent base of the
calyx; pericarp thinly membranous. Seed with shining crustaceous
testa ; albumen fleshy; embryo subterete or with slightly flattened
cotyledons,
Small heath-like shrubs ; leaves opposite or scattered, usually small, coriaceous ;
flowers in terminal bracteate or ebracteate heads, rarely solitary.
Distris. Species 19, endemic.
Flowers large (6-9 lin. long) in terminal heads :
Heads not involucrate :
Leaves obtuse ; calyx-lobes 3 lin. wide be ..» (1) macrantha.
Leaves acute ; calyx-lobes 14 lin. wide:
Leaves 4-5 lin. wide oA &
. (2) buxifolia.
Leaves 14 lin. wide ... be a . (3) filamentosa.
Leaves acute ; calyx-lobes # lin. wide .. (4) nervosa.
Heads involucrate :
Leaves distinctly 4-ranked -. (5) eriocephala.
Leaves scattered :
Bracts villous along the top . (6) purpurea,
Bracts quite glabrous .. (7) aurea.
Flowers small (less than 5 lin. long) :
Leaves ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate ... oe ... (8) striata.
Leaves linear to subulate :
Flowers in terminal heads :
Leaves more or less spreading:
Head many-tlowered : branches long, virgate :
Branches at first pubescent ... i ..» (9) densiflora,
Lachnea. | THYMELZACES (Wright). 19
Branches glabrous :
Calyx silky ... ep ace a4 ... (10) capitata.
Calyx pubescent... ao ey ... (11) diosmoides.
Heads few-flowered :
Leaves acerose, pungent eh se ... (12) ambigua.
Leaves oblong, obtuse... aus nee ... (13) ericoides.
Leaves adpressed to the stem :
Branches long, slender, finally glabrous :
Leaves linear, pungent ‘ re
. (14) globulifera.
Leaves linear-lanceolate, obtuse ion ... (15) funicaulis,
Branches short, white-tomentose : :
Leaves lanceolate, triquetrous ne ... (16) penicillata.
Leaves lanceolate, concave... oe ... (17) passerinoides.
Flowers solitary, axillary :
Branches straight, erect ... OMe a ... (18) micrantha.
Branches flexuous, interlacing ... ees ..» (19) axillaris.
1. L. macrantha (Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 575); an erect
subshrub about 1 ft. high; branches stout, glabrous except when
quite young; leaves concave, oval or obovate, obtuse, contracted
at the base, quite glabrous, about 6 lin. long and 4 lin. wide;
flowers collected into terminal heads, white (Burchell) ; calyx-tube
oblong, constricted above, densely hairy ; lobes 4, densely silky on
both surfaces, the abaxial oblong, 6 lin. long, 3 lin. wide, rounded
at the apex, the adaxial oblong, 2 lin. long, 1 lin. wide, lateral
lobes linear, 24 lin. long, } lin. wide ; filaments filiform, the longer
1} lin. long; scales in the throat of the calyx } lin. long, obtuse ;
ovary obovoid, 1 lin. long; style 2} lin. long, with silky upward-
pointing hairs; stigma plumose. JL. buxifolia, Eckl. & Zeyh. ex
Meisn. 1.c., not of Lam.
Sourn Arrica: without locality, Bowie !
Coast Rxcion: Riversdale Div. ; summit of Kampsche Berg, Burchell, 7120!
2. L. buxifolia (Lam. Encyel. iii. 373) ; a shrub ; branches robust,
glabrous ; leaves alternate, imbricate, oval or ovate, acute, sessile,
quite glabrous, 9 lin. long, 4-5 lin. wide; flowers congested at the
apex of the branches, without a special involucre ; calyx-tube 6-8
lin. long, cylindrical or very slightly widened at the base, densely
and patently hairy ; lobes pale yellow, ovate, subacute, 4 lin. long,
13 lin. wide, densely hairy on both surfaces; scales in the calyx-
throat } lin. long, clavate ; filaments shorter than the calyx-lobes,
very slender ; anthers elliptic, } lin. long ; ovary elliptic, compressed,
1 lin. long, hairy at the apex; style lateral, very slender, densely
hairy in the uppermost line. Tilustr. t. 292, fig. 1; Meisn. in
Linnea, xiv. 410, and in DC. Prodr. xiv. 574; var. virens, Sims in
_ Bot. Mag. t. 1657. L. filamentosa, Gilg in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanz-
enfam. iii. 6 A, 240, not of Meisn. Gnidia filamentosa, Linn. f.
Suppl. 224; Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 425. :
c
20 THYMELMACES (Wright). [Lachnes.
Sourg AFrica: without locality, Thunberg! Forster !
Coast Recion: Tulbagh Div. ; Tulbagh, Pappe! Ceres Div.; near Ceres,
amongst stones on the Skurfdeberg Rauge, 1800 ft., Bolus, 7349! and in Herb.
Norm. Austr.-Afr., 1091! Worcester Div.; Goudinie, Cooper, 3149! Dutoits
Kloof, Drége! mouth of Els Kloof, Hex River, Wolley-Dod, 2758 !
3. L. filamentosa (Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 410); a shrub; leaves
alternate, imbricate, elliptic-oblong, acute, 5 lin. long, 14 lin. wide,
sessile, glabrous ; flowers in terminal heads; calyx-tube cylindrical
and slender from a subglobose base, 4 lin. long, densely villous ;
lobes unequal, the abaxial elliptic, subacute, 4 lin. long, 15 lin.
wide, the others half as large, all densely hairy on both surfaces ;
stamens shorter than the smaller calyx-lobes ; scales oblong, }$ lin.
long, almost hidden by hair ; ovary oblong, glabrous ; style filiform,
villous in the upper part ; stigma penicillate. Meisn. in DC. Prodr.
xiv. 575; Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 73. Gnidia filamentosa,
Thunb. Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 378, not of Linn,
Var. 8, major (Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 575); a more robust plant than
the type; leaves up to 10 lin. long and 43 lin. wide ; calyx up to 1 in. long.
L. glauca, Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Meisn. lc.
Coast Reaion : Clanwilliam Div. ; Ceder Berg Range, near Honig Valley, 3000-
4000 ft., Drége! Sneeuwkop, 5000 ft., Bodkin in Herb. Bolus, 9085! Var. B:
Tulbagh Div. ; Winterhoek Mountains, near Tulbagh, Ecklon & Zeyher, 72, 2500-
5000 ft., Bolus, 5260! Marloth in MacOwan, Herb. Norm. Austr.-Afr., 1952!
4. L. nervosa (Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 417); an erect, more or
less virgate shrub; branches slender, pubescent ; leaves alternate,
acerose-linear, pungent, 5 lin. long, 4 lin. wide, sessile; heads
terminal, few-flowered ; calyx densely silky outside; tube 2 lin.
long, inflated lower part slightly shorter than the cylindrical upper ;
lobes equal, lanceolate, acute, 2} lin. long, } lin. wide; longer
stamens reaching to the middle of the lobes; scales filiform, nearly
1 lin. long; ovary ovoid; style lateral, filiform, hairy above;
stigma penicillate. Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 579; Drége in
Linnea, xx. 209. Passerina nervosa, Thunb. Fl. Cap. ed. Schult.
375; Wikstr. in Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh. 1818, 328. Gonophylla
stricta, Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 579.
Sour Arrica: without locality, Villet! Niven, Drége.
Coast Rreaton: Swellendam Div.; Grootvaders Bosch and neighbourhood,
1000-4000 ft., Zeyher, 3767! Ludwig, Ecklon.
5. L. eriocephala (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 560); a branched under-
shrub, 3-1} ft. high ; branches moderately stout, at first pubescent ;
leaves quadrifarious, imbricate, linear-triquetrous, 4 lin. long, } lin.
wide, glabrous ; flowers in terminal solitary heads ; involucral bracts
broadly ovate, acute, keeled, 5 lin. long, about 4 lin. wide, hairy on
both surfaces, more conspicuously so on the margin near the apex ;
calyx white, densely hairy ; tube 5 lin. long, slightly inflated in the
Lachnea.| THYMELZACE (Wright). 21
lowest fifth, cylindrical above ; lobes unequal, the abaxial 4 lin.
long, 1$ lin. wide, subacute, the others oblanceolate, 3 lin. long,
1 lin. wide; glands minute, almost concealed by hairs; filaments
slender, shorter than the calyx-lobes; ovary oblong, glabrous ;
style excentric, filiform ; stigma penicillate. Willd, Sp. Pl. ii. 434 ;
Gertn. Fruct. iii. t. 215; Andr. Rep. t. 104; Bot. Mag. t. 1295;
Lam. Encycl. iii. 374, and Iil. t. 292, fig. 2; Herb. Amat. iv. t. 234;
Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 78, 102; Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 411,
and in DC. Prodr, xiv. 575. L. spheerocephala, Burm. Prodr. Fl.
Cap. 12. Passerina cephalophora, Thunb, Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 375 ;
Wikstr. in Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh. 1818, 322.
Coast Recion: Malmesbury Div.; Dassen Berg, Dréye! Stellenbosch Div. ;
Hottentots Holland, on sandy hills under mountains, Niven! Mund, 9! near
Lowrys Pass, Burchell, 8277! below Lowrys Pass, 600 ft., Bolus, 5553 !
6. L. purpurea (Andr. Rep. t. 293) ; branches long, simple, from
the lower part of the stem, silky when young, leaves 5-8 lin. long,
3 lin. wide, linear-triquetrous, acute, glabrous, slightly spreading ;
flowers in solitary terminal heads ; bracts broadly ovate, glabrous
outside, villous along the top edge and more shortly so within ;
calyx purple ; tube 5 lin. long, glabrous and slightly inflated in the
lower third, cylindrical and patently villous in the upper part ;
lobes unequal, more or less elliptic, acute, the largest 34 lin. long,
2 lin. wide ; filaments filiform, shorter than the calyx-lobes ; scales
concealed by hairs ; style filiform, hairy above ; stigma penicillate.
Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, ii. 415; Bot. Mag. t. 1594; Lodd. Cab.
t. 273. L. eriocephala, var. purpurea, Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv.
576. Passerina purpurea, Wikstr. in Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh.
1818, 323.
Coast Recion: Tulbagh Div.; Roode Zand, Niven! on sandy mountains near
Tulbagh, Ecklon & Zeyher, 31, 77, New Kloof, 1200 ft., Drége ; MacOwan in
Herb. Norm. Austr.-Afr., 541! Worcester Div. ; Worcester, Zeyher !
7. L. aurea (Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 576); a
woody plant about 1 ft. high; branches straight, glabrous ; leaves
alternate, imbricate, linear or lanceolate, acute or submucronate,
sometimes slightly keeled on the back just below the apex ; flowers
in terminal involucrate heads ; bracts ovate or elliptic, acuminate,
4 lin. long, 2 lin. wide, quite glabrous, margins membranous ; calyx
yellow ; tube 2 lin. long, inflated, glabrous and brown in the lower
half, densely villous above ; lobes unequal, villous outside, glabrous
within, the anterior 2 lin. long, 1 lin. wide, the posterior 6 lin.
long, 14 lin. wide, the lateral 4} lin. long, 1 lin. wide, all obtuse ;
longer filaments 2 lin. long; anthers oblong; ovary oblong, com-
pressed ; style lateral, filiform, villous above, 2 lin. long; stigma
penicillate.
Coast Region: Caledon Div. ; Kleinriver Mountains, near Hemel en Aarde,
Zeyher | Bredasdorp Div. ; Elim, 200 ft., Bolus, 9186! 400 ft., Schlechter, 7610!
22 THYMELAACES (Wright). [Lachnea.
8. L. striata (Meisn. in Linnwa, xiv. 415); a shrub, corymbosely
branched ; branches terete, pubescent, slender ; leaves alternate,
sessile, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, acuminate, subpungent, with
3—5 nerves prominent beneath, conspicuously ciliate on the margins,
otherwise glabrous ; heads terminal, 8-16-flowered, sessile or shortly
stalked, not involucrate ; calyx-tube 1} lin. long, glabrous, oblong
and inflated in the lower half, cylindrical above ; lobes ovate-oblong,
acute, 14 lin. long, 1 lin. wide, hairy on both surfaces, red or white ;
scales ligulate, nearly 1 lin. long; stamens shorter than the calyx-
lobes ; ovary oblong, glabrous; style lateral, filiform; stigma
penicillate. Meisn, in DC. Prodr. xiv. 577 ; Drége, Zwei Pfl. Docu-
mente, 77. Passerina striata, Lam. Encyel. v. 44, and Til. t. 291,
jig. 1. P. nervosa, Wikstr. in Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh. 1818, 328.
Gonophylla nervosa, Eckl. &: Zeyh. ex Meisn. in DC. Prodr, xiv. 577 ;
Drége in Linnea, xx. 209.
Coast Recion: Clanwilliam Div.; Clanwilliam, Mader in Herb. MacOwan,
2210! Pakhuis Pass, Ceder Berg Range, 3000 ft., Bolus, 9087! Tulbagh Div. ;
Great Winter Hoek, 3000-4000 ft., Drége! Worcester Div. ; Worcester, Zeyher!
9. L. densiflora (Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 578); a much-
branched shrub ; branches terete, at first pubescent ; leaves acerose-
linear, sessile, not conspicuously nerved, 3-5, lin. long, } lin. wide,
glabrous ; heads solitary, terminal, globose, many-flowered ; peduncle
3 lin. long, turbinate at the apex, tomentose ; calyx white, shortly
hairy outside ; tube ? lin. long, constricted above; lobes ovate,
1 lin. long, 3 lin. wide, acute, hairy inside as well as outside ;
stamens shorter than the calyx-lobes ; scales filiform, } lin. long ;
ovary oblong, glabrous ; style terminal, hairy in the upper part ;
stigma papillate. Bolus & Wolley-Dod in Trans. S. Afr. Phil. Soc.
xiv. 315.
SoutH Arrica: without locality, Burke! Thom! Sieber! Grey! Zeyher, 1483!
Coast ReGion; Cape Div. ; near Cape Town, Mund, 8! Bolus, 3776, partly !
Buffelsriver, Marloth, 480! Patrys Vley, Wolley-Dod, 1498! near Wynberg,
MacOwan in Herb. Norm. Austr.-Afr., 763! Simons Bay, Wright! Caledon Div. ;
Hermanuspetrusfontein, 20-50 ft., Galpin, 4499! Hawston, 50 ft., Schlechter,
9461!
10. L. capitata (Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 414, incl. vars. pauciflora
and multiflora); a small shrub with slender virgate reddish glabrous
branches ; leaves alternate, linear, pungent, 5 lin. long, 4 lin. wide,
slightly narrowed at the base; flowers in terminal heads which
often elongate into spikes 4 lin. long, 8- to many-flowered ; peduncles
about 3 lin. long, incrassate and ribbed above, pubescent; calyx
white, densely silky outside and on the inside of the lobes; tube
1} lin. long, inflated below, cylindrical in the middle, funnel-
shaped above; lobes broadly ovate, nearly as long as the tube,
1 lin. wide; stamens much shorter than the cal
; 'yx-lobes ; scales
filiform, almost concealed in the dense hair of the throat ; ovary
_ oblong, glabrous ; style filiform, densely hairy ; stigma subcapitate.
Lachnea. | THYMELAACES (Wright). 23
Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 577; Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 112 ;
Bolus & Wolley-Dod in Trans. 8S. Afr. Phil. Soc. xiv. 315. L. phyli-
coides, Lam. Encyel. iii. 374. Passerina capitata, Linn. Amen. Acad.
vi. 88, and Sp. Pl. ed. ii. 513; Lam. Eneyel. v. 41, and Iil. t. 291,
fig. 3; Thunb. Prodr. 75, and Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 376; Wikstr. in
Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh. 1818 329; Wendl. Bot. Beobacht. 18, t. 2,
jig. 17. Gonophylla acuminata, G. capitata, and G. conglomerata,
Eckl. d& Zeyh. ex Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 578.—Thymelea foliis
linearibus, ete., J. Burm. Rar. Afr. Pl. 133, t. 48, fig. 3.
SoutH ArRIca: without locality, Burke! Grey! Forster! Zeyher, 1484!
Harvey, 685!
Coast Recion: Clanwilliam Diy. ; Zeekoe Vley, 800 ft., Schlechter, 8508 !
Cape Div. ; Cape Flats, near Rondebosch, Burchell, 712! Mund, 7! Wolley-Dod,
503! Claremont Flats, Diimmer, 297! Tokay Flat, Wolley-Dod, 2565! near
Doocrnhoogte, Wolley-Dod, 653! near Cape Town, Lolus, 3776, partly ! MacOwan,
Herb, Austr.-Afr., 1786! Kommetjes, 100 ft., Galpin, 4500; Muizenberg, near
Kalkberg, Wilms, 3594! Stellenbosch Div. ; between Tygerberg and Simons Berg,
Dréye | between Lowrys Pass and Jonkers Hoek, Burchell, 8298! Caledon Div. ;
near Grabouw, on the Palmiet River, Bolus, 4195!
Meisner in founding the varieties paucijlora and multiflora expresses doubt as to
their validity. The subsequent accumulation of material shows there is every
gradation from few-flowered to many-flowered states, with corresponding changes
in the length of the receptacle, so that the varieties cannot stand.
11. L. diosmoides (Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 418, var. elatior); a
shrub; branches virgate, slender, glabrous ; leaves alternate, linear,
acute, flat, 5 lin. long, } lin. wide, the uppermost very slightly
wider; heads terminal, about 10-flowered, sometimes clustered ;
calyx pubescent outside ; tube 1 lin. long, slightly inflated below ;
lobes ovate, obtuse, about as long as the tube, the two outer slightly
narrower than the inner ; stamens two-thirds as long as the calyx-
lobes ; scales filiform, } lin. long ; ovary glabrous ; style excentric,
filiform and glabrous below, thicker and hairy above; stigma
penicillate. Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 578, incl. var. elatior. L.
phylicoides, Lam. Ill. t. 292, fig. 3, not Encycl. iii. 374; Drége, Zwet
Pf. Documente, 124.
Var. 8, tenella (Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 419, and in DC. Prodr. xiv. 579);
branches more slender ; leaves more distant ; heads 2-4-flowered. L. phylicoides,
Drége, Zwei PA. Documente, 117.
SourH Arrica: without locality, Wallich! Mund & Maire, 208! 234!
Coast Recion : George Div. ; George, Zeyher, 1475! Pappe! Bolus, 8690!
Cradock Berg, 900 ft., Galpin, 4501! Burchell, 5953! Hoogekraal River, on
mountains under 1000 ft., Drége ! Humansdorp Div.; Witte Els Drift, Zitzikama,
500 ft., Galpin, 4502! Uitenhage Div. ; Van Stadensberg Range, 800 ft,
MacOwan, 1051! Var. 8: Mossel Bay Div. ; Attaquas Kloof, 2000-3000 ft., Drege!
CENTRAL ReGion: Ceres Div. ; near Ceres, 1590 ft., Bolus, Herb. Norm. Austr.-
Afr., 13856 !
12. L. ambigua (Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 417, var. major) ; a shrub ;
branches short, slender with tubercle-like leaf-scars, blackish ; leaves
alternate, acerose, pungent, 4 lin. long, } lin. wide; heads terminal,
4-8-flowered ; bracts 2—3-seriate, elliptic, subacute, 24-3 lin. long,
1 lin. wide, slightly ribbed outside, glabrous; calyx pale yellow,
24 THYMELHACE# (Wright). | Lachnea.
silky-villous outside, longer than the bracts; tube | Jin. long, sub-
globose, constricted above; lobes subequal, elliptic, obtuse, concave,
11 lin. long, 1 lin. wide, densely hairy inside as well as outside ;
stamens much shorter than the calyx-lobes; scales linear, 3 lin.
long ; ovary elliptic, compressed; style lateral, filiform; stigma
penicillate. Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 576; Drege, Zwei PA.
Documente, 82.
Var. 8, minor (Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 418); leaves very narrowly linear-
acerose; heads 2-(rarely 4-) flowered; flowers white, scarcely exceeding the
bracts. Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 577; Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 82.
Coast Reaction: Worcester Div.; Dutoits Kloof, 3000-4000 ft.. Drege!
Caledon Div. ; Genadendal Mountains, 4000 ft., Galpin, 4498! Var. 8: Worcester
Div. ; Dutoits Kloof, 4000-5000 ft., Drége !
13. L. ericoides (Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 579) ; an undershrub,
up to 1 ft. high, fastigiately branched above ; branches slender,
hairy, reddish ; leaves opposite or alternate, oblong, incurved,
1-3 lin. long, $ lin. wide, keeled below, concave above, obtuse,
terminated by a tuft of short hairs; flowers few in terminal heads
or solitary ; calyx reddish ; tube cylindrical and glabrous below,
slightly constricted and hairy above; lobes suborbicular, 1 lin.
across, pubescent outside ; longer stamens nearly as long as the
calyx-lobes ; scales clavate, very short; ovary obovoid ; style
terminal, filiform, slightly hairy above ; stigma penicillate. Dréye
in Linnea, xx. 209. Gonophylla ericoides, Eckl. d& Zeyh. ex Meisn. l.c.
Coast Recion : Swellendam Div. ; near Swellendam, Mund, 4! Zeyher, 3776!
Zuurbraak Mountain, 1000 ft., Galpin, 4496! Tradouw Pass, 1200 ft., Galpin,
4495! Riversdale Div. ; Langeberg Range, near Riversdale, 1080 ft., Schlechter’,
1730!
Galpin, 4495, has the leaves more oval than in the other specimens.
14. L. globulifera (Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 412); a shrub several
feet high; branches slender, glabrous except when quite young ;
leaves opposite, linear, pungent, 3—4 lin. long, } lin. wide, glabrous ;
flowers in terminal involucrate heads about 8 lin. in diam. ; bracts 4,
ovate-rotundate, acute, 2 lin. long and nearly as broad, glabrous on
both surfaces, ciliate on the margin with hairs 3 lin. long; calyx-
tube 2 lin. long, glabrous and inflated below, cylindrical and hairy
above ; lobes equal, ovate, acute, 1} lin. long, silky outside ; longer
stamens a little shorter than the calyx-lobes ; scales filiform, } lin.
long, exserted ; ovary oblong, compressed ; style lateral, filiform ;
stigma penicillate. Meisn. in DC. Predr. xiv.576 ; Drege, Zwei Pfl.
Documente, 119, and in Linnea, xx. 209. Gonophylla setosa, Eckl.
& Zeyh. ex Meisn.1.c. Passerina eriocephala, Thunb. Fl. Cap. ed.
Schult. 375, not of others.
Var. B, cerulescens (Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 576) ; branches white-puberulous
at the apex; flowers a little larger than in the type ; calyx-lobes ovate-oblong,
sagen Gonophylla ceerulescens, Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Meisn. lc. ; Drége in Linnea,
Xx. 4
Lachnea. | THYMELHACE (Wright). 25
Coast Recion: Clanwilliam Div.; near Middleburg, in the Groot-Kloof
Valley, Leipoldt, 897! Tulbagh Div. ; Tulbagh, Pappe! mountain near Tulbagh
Waterfall, 1500 ft., Bolus, 5259! 1700 ft., Bolus, 5318! Sehlechter, 7460! Great
Winterhoek ; Zeyher, 1474! Worcester Div. ; Worcester, Zeyher! in sandy places
near the Goudinie, 800-1000 ft., Drége! Var. 8: Clanwilliam Div. ; Brakfontein,
Ecklon & Zeyher, 80!
15. L. funicaulis (Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iii, 408); an
undershrub ; branches filiform, villous at first, afterwards glabrous
and bright brown; leaves linear-lanceolate, obtuse, 2 lin. long,
ciliate and with a terminal tuft of hairs simulating a mucro ;.
flowers in terminal involucrate heads; bracts 2}—5 lin. long, from
spathulate to nearly orbicular, long-ciliate (terminal cilia $ lin.
long) ; calyx yellow, silky, subtended by basal hairs 1 lin. long ;
tube 1} lin. long, slightly inflated below, funnel-shaped above ;
lobes } lin. long, ovate, obtuse ; scales very short, filiform ; ovary
oblong, glabrous ; style glabrous ; stigma clavate.
CENTRAL REGION: Ceres Div. ; amongst stones at the foot of mountains near
Ceres, 1900 ft., Bolus, Herb. Norm. Austr.-Afr., 1357! Mitchells Pass, 2000 ft.,
Schlechter, 9961! Cold Bokkeveld, Klyn Vley, 4500 ft., Schlechter, 10066!
16. L. penicillata (Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 421) ; a shrub with the
appearance of Passerina filiformis ; branches slender, densely white-
silky -when young; leaves decussate, 1-2 lin. long, lanceolate,
triquetrous, acute, at first tipped and edged with white hairs ;
flowers terminal, solitary, sessile; calyx scarcely 2 lin. long, white-
silky outside; lobes ovate-oblong, acute, slightly toothed ; scales
short, clavate. Meisn, in DC. Prodr. xiv. 579 ; Drége, Zwei PA.
Documente, 116. Pasverina filiformis, var. depauperata, E. Meyer
in Linnea, xiv. 422. P. bruniades and P. brunioides, Eckl. & Zeyh.,
partly, ex Meisn. in DC. Prodr, xiv. 579.
Coast Recion: Tulbagh Div. ; New Kloof, 3000 ft... Schlechter, 7503! Swellen-
dam Div.; between Sparrbosch and Tradouw, 1000-2000 ft., Drége! Mossel
Bay Div. ; on mountains near the Gouritzrivier, Ecklon ex Meisner.
CentRAL Recon: Ceres Div. ; Cold Bokkeveld at Wagendrift, 5000 ft.,
Schlechter, 10072!
17. L. passerinoides (N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1901, 152); an
undershrub, 4-9 in. high ; branches slender, white-tomentose ; leaves
opposite, adpressed to the stem, lanceolate, concave, strongly keeled,
1 lin. long, } lin. wide, ciliate and with a terminal tuft of hairs ;
heads terminal, 2-flowered ; bracts 4, ovate, concave, 2 lin. long,
1 lin. wide, densely ciliate along the obtuse top; receptacle with
silky hairs nearly 1 lin. long; calyx hairy outside; tube 14 lin.
long, subcylindrical, slightly constricted about the middle; lobes
about 1 lin. long, the 2 outer } lin. wide and acute, the 2 inner _
wider and obtuse ; longer filaments } lin. long; scales linear, } lin. _
long; ovary oblong, glabrous ; style thickened and hairy above ;
stigma capitate. meee
Coast Region : Riversdale Div. ; Garcias Pass and Muis Kraal, 1200-1500 ft.,
Bolus, 4497 ! 11372! eS
26 THYMELZACEE (Wright). | Lachnea.
18. L. micrantha (Schlechter in Engl. Jahrb. xxiv. 451); an
erect much-branched shrub, 2-3 ft. high ; branchlets filiform, erect,
puberulous or villous ; leaves opposite, sessile, lanceolate or linear-
lanceolate, acute, 14 lin. long, } lin. wide, glabrous, slightly keeled
on the back; flowers solitary in the leaf-axils, very small ; calyx
white, at the length reddish, glabrous ; tube ovoid, } lin. long ; outer
lobes 1 lin. long, 4 lin. wide ovate, acute, inner suborbicular, obtuse,
several-nerved ; stamens shorter than the calyx-lobes ; scales short,
fleshy, bilobed; ovary oblong; style lateral, filiform; stigma
capitate.
Coast Reaton ; Bredasdorp Div. ; Elim, 400 ft., Schlechter, 7702! Riet Fontein
Poort, 200 ft., Bolus, 8596!
19. L. axillaris (Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 422); a dwarf much-
branched shrub ; branches flexuous and interlacing, very slender,
puberulous ; leaves opposite, 1-2 lin. long, } lin. wide, acute or
mucronate, convex on the back, glabrous ; flowers axillary, solitary ;
calyx-tube oblong, 1 lin. long, glabrous; lobes broadly elliptic,
obtuse, 1} lin. long, 1 lin. wide, glabrous ; scales villous, conspicuous ;
stamens shorter than the calyx-lobes ; ovary oblong, glabrous ; style
excentric, filiform ; stigma penicillate. Meisn. in Hook. Lond. Journ.
ii. 552, and in DC. Prodr. xiv. 580. Radojitskya capensis, Turez. in
Bull. Soc. Imp. Mose. 1852, ii. 176, and in Flora, 1853, 749.
Passerina brunioides, Eckl. d& Zeyh., partly, ex Meisn. in DC.
Prodr. Le.
Souts Arrica : without locality, Dréye !
Coast Reaction: Swellendam Div. ; Zoetendals Vallei, Krauss, 1265 bis; on
mountains by the Gouritz River, Ecklon, Zeyher, 2163!
Imperfectly known species.
20. L. dubia (Gandog. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, lx. 417, 1913) ;
allied to L. globulifera, Meisn., from which it differs by the following
characters :—branches adpressed-pubescent ; leaves muticous, half
as long (24 lin.), usually alternate, not opposite ; flowers smaller.
Coast Rrecion : Cape Div. ; Table Mountain, Debeaux.
VII. STRUTHIOLA, Linn.
Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx-tube slender, sometimes slightly
inflated above ; lobes 4, patent. Petals 4, 8 or 12, erect, thick and
fleshy, equidistant in a single whorl, each one surrounded by hairs.
Stamens 4, included in the calyx-tube and alternate with its lobes ;
anthers subsessile, linear, connective shortly produced above the
cells; cells contiguous on the inner side. Hypogynous disc 0.
Ovary sessile, 1-celled ; style filiform ; stigma capitate. Fruit small,
dry, included in the persistent base of the calyx ; pericarp thinly —
—
Struthiola. | THYMELAZACES (Wright). 27
membranous. Seed compressed ; testa crustaceous, shining ; albumen
scanty ; cotyledons rather thick.
Heath-like shrubs or undershrubs ; leaves opposite or more rarely alternate,
small, coriaceous, more or less imbricate ; flowers sessile in the axils of the upper
leaves, solitary, rarely geminate ; bracteoles 2.
Distrrp. Species about 40, all South African.
*Petals 4:
Leaves ovate-oblong ; calyx-lobes oblong, acute ... (1) striata.
Leaves lanceolate ; calyx-lobes lanceolate, acuminate (2) tetralepis.
**Petals 8:
+Calyx glabrous :
Leaves broad :
Calyx-tube 6-11 lin. long :
Leaves patent; flowers axillary all down
the branches a ee oe ... (3) epacridioides.
Leaves imbricate ; flowers axillary a long way
down the branches bes a ... (4) Macowani.
Leaves imbricate; flowers (except in var.
lanceolata) confined to axils of upper
leaves :
Branches glabrous... es pe ... (5) ovata.
Branches puberulous oe oe ... (6) tuberculosa,
Calyx-tube 4-5 lin. long :
Leaves hirsute beneath Pe se ... (7) hirsuta.
Leaves glabrous beneath, ciliate x. ... (8) pondoensis.
Leaves quite glabrous ... ES. ay ... (9) congesta.
Leaves narrow :
Calyx-tube 11 lin. long ... uae eee ... (10) eckloniana.
Calyx-tube not more than 7 lin. long :
Calyx-lobes linear we tea aie ... (11) lineariloba. 7
Calyx-lobes oblong... are at ... (12) cicatricosa.
Calyx-lobes more or less ovate :
Leaves acute:
Flowers slightly longer than the leaves (13) parviflora.
Flowers much longer than the leaves :
Leaves linear-lanceolate, 3 lin. long ... (14) erecta.
Leaves oblong, 6-7 lin. long ... ... (15) longifolia.
Leaves obtuse is me Per ... (16) ericoides.
+t+Calyx hairy :
Calyx-tube 7-12 lin. long (see also 26, virgata, var.
pubescens) :
Branches not virgate _... ne pn ... (17) Sehlechteri.
Branches virgate :
Leaves oblong, obtuse, glabrous oe ... (18) leptantha.
Leaves oblong, obtuse, pilose ... sm ... (19) floribunda.
Leaves ovate- or linear-lanceolate, acuminate, :
at first ciliate we ae ses ... (20) longiflora
Calyx-tube 6 oe ons or _— .
Flowers slightly longer than the
Calyx pubescent eae = ... (21) flavescens.
‘Calyx densely pilose... ... oy. ... (22) rustiana.
leaves :
28 THYMELZACEA (Wright). [Struthiola.
Flowers much longer than the leaves:
Calyx-lobes broadly ovate, acute... ... (23) lucens,
Calyx-lobes ae
ns ee .. (24) recta.
Leaves acerose aes ar ... (25) angustifolia.
Cal vioheotipe’ Aieneg chtanh
Leaves oblong ine Hee ... (26) virgata.
Leaves See SE wie ba ... (27) confusa.
***Petals 12:
Calyx glabrous :
Calyx-tube 12 lin. long... se ce ..» (28) leiosiphon.
Calyx-tube 8-9 lin. long... s, oe ... (29) rigida,
Calyx-tube 6 lin. long or less :
Leaves oy rey ei us ... (30) ramosa.
Lea :
Brancnlets pubescent ... a oe ... (31) Galpini.
Branchlets villous oe ars a ... (82) Mundtii.
Calyx hairy:
Calya-tibe 9-10 lin. long:
es suborbicular ee ts -.. (38) argentea.
pak ovate-lanceolate, satsoite an .-- (34) bachmanniana.
Leaves lanceolate, acute .. a ine ... (85) martiana.
Leaves oblong, obtuse... sh es ... (36) garciana.
Calyx-tube 34 lin. long... rie a --» (37) fasciata.
yx-tube 5-6 lin. long... poe SP ... (38) tomentosa.
1. 8. striata (Lam. Il. i. aah ; a subshrub; branchlets pube-
scent, becoming glabrous and scarred in age; leaves opposite,
closely sribirioate: ovate-oblong, cabacute, 5 lin. long, 14 lin. wide,
strongly nerved on the back, ciliate when young, glabrous in age ;
bracteoles linear, obtuse, 14 lin. long; flowers solitary in pate axils
of the upper leaves; calyx-tube pubescent outside, 5 lin. long,
cylindrical except close to ori apex ; lobes oblong, acute, re lin.
long, 4 lin. wide; pe 4, half as long as the calyx-lobes,
oblong, surrounded by straight hairs of about equal length ; anthers
included, weeny callose at the apex; ovary glabrous. Lam.
Encycl. (incl. var. imbricata); Wikstr. in Vet. Acad.
Handl. Stockh. 1818, 288 ; Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 477, and in DC.
: : . Rep
t. ee Bihots Syn. i. 149; Herb. Amat. iii. 184; Roem. & Schult.
see iii. 332. 8S. virgata, Wendl. Bot. Beobacht. 9, t. 2, fig. 9 ;
ney “PL 4 691, tape de Link, Enum. i. 111. 8. lateriflora,
phew Hort. Hafn. ii. ; Roem. é — Syst. Veg. iii. 330.
S. suleata, Schmidt in Uatort Ann. vi. ; Wikstr. in Vet. Acad.
Handl. Stockh. 1818, 292. S. brevifolia, Wind. ex Meisn. in Linnea,
xiv. ir
Arrica : without locality, Sieber, 184! Pa 49! Thom, 428! 554!
oe! “Eeklon & Zeyher, 57, Harvey, 690!
bo
Struthiolea. | THYMEL HACE (Wright). 9
Coast ReGion: Cape Div.; Cape Flats, Burke! Burchell, 714! 8391! 8395!
near Cape Town, 100 ft., Bolus, 3857! near Raapenburg, Wolley-Dod, 413!
near Millers Point, Wolley-Dod, 779! Table Mountain, 500-1500 ft., Mund, 21!
Ecklon, 782! Caledon Div. ; Hermanuspctrusfontein, 50 ft., Galpin, 4512!
Hawston, 50 ft., Schlechter, 9464! Swellendam Div. ; thicket sides near Groot-
vaders Bosch, Bowie, 14! Uitenhage Div. ; without precise locality, Bowie, 9!
2. S. tetralepis (Schlechter in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. 171); plant
about 1 ft. high; stem branched; branches virgate, pubescent
when young ; leaves opposite, lanceolate, acuminate, striate on the
back when dry, strongly ciliate on the margins, otherwise glabrous ;
flowers in the axils of the leaves near the apex of the stem;
bracteoles subulate, 2 lin. long ; calyx pubescent outside; tube 34
lin. long, cylindrical, 1 lin. in diam.; lobes lanceolate, acuminate,
1} lin. long, } lin. wide; petals 4, oblong, thick, surrounded by
hairs slightly longer than them; anthers } lin, long, apiculate ;
ovary oblong, glabrous ; style filiform, hairy above.
Var. 8, glabricaulis (Schlechter, l.c. 171) ; stem glabrous ; leaves less acute ;
flowers a little smaller.
Coast REGION: Paarl Div.; French Hoek, 2500 ft., Schlechter, 9257! Var. B:
Caledon Div. ; Villiersdorp, 900 ft., Schlechter, 9902! 2100 ft., Bolus, 5261!
3. 8. epacridioides (C. H. Wright) ; branches long, pilose when
young, finally glabrous; leaves patent, lanceolate, acuminate, 6 lin.
long, 14 lin. wide, flat, ciliate on the margin ; flowers in the axils
of leaves for a long distance down the stem ; bracteoles 1? lin. long,
subulate, slightly recurved, ciliate ; calyx-tube glabrous, 7 lin. long,
almost straight, } lin. in diam. ; lobes ovate, 1 lin. long, ? lin. wide,
obtuse ; petals 8, } lin. long, with surrounding hairs nearly as long ;
ovary oblong, glabrous ; style filiform ; stigma penicillate.
SoutH Arrica: without locality, Mund, 19!
4. §. Macowani (C. H. Wright); stem erect, rather stout, not
much branched ; branches slightly pubescent when young ; leaves
opposite, imbricate, elliptic, acute, minutely scaberulous, 4—5 lin.
long, 14 lin. wide; flowers in the axils of the leaves a long way
down the branches; bracteoles oblong, obtuse, ciliate, 2 lin. long ;
calyx-tube 8 lin. long, glabrous, subeylindrical, slightly curved ;
lobes almost rotundate, obtuse, 1 lin. long ; petals 8, oblong, thick,
2 lin. Jong, surrounded by hairs of about equal length ; anthers
with obtuse connective above the cells; ovary oblong, glabrous ;
style filiform, 6 lin. long ; stigma penicillate.
Coast Rrearon: Humansdorp Div. ; Kruisfontein Mountains, 900 ft., Galpin,
4505! Albany Div.; near Grahamstown, MacOwan, 14! Howisons Poort,
Schinland.
5. S. ovata (Thunb. Prodr. 76); an undershrub; branches
alternate, sometimes fastigiate at the summit of the stem, glabrous ;
leaves opposite, ovate, acute, up to 6 lin. long and 2} lin. wide,
30 THYMELZACEE (Wright). [| Struthiola.
imbricate, erecto-patent, glabrous ; flowers in the axils of the upper
leaves ; bracteoles 2, lanceolate, concave, keeled, acuminate, 24 lin.
long; calyx-tube glabrous, 10-11 lin. long, slender, cylindrical,
slightly swollen at the top; lobes ovate, acuminate, 2} lin. long,
1 lin. wide, glabrous ; petals 8, oblong, $ lin. long, surrounded by -
hairs shorter than themselves; stamens oblong, apiculate, 1 lin.
long; ovary oblong, glabrous. Thunb. Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 382 ;
Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 119; Lodd. Bot. Cab. 141; Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 693 ;
Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, i. 272; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. iii. 333 ;
Wikstr. in Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh. 1818, 290 ; Meisn. in Linnea,
xiv. 471 (incl. var. longiflora, but excl. var. breviflora) and in DC.
Prodr. xiv. 569 (inel. var. myrsinites). S. myrsinites, Lam. Ill. i. 314 ;
Poir. Encycl, vii. 478. Belvala imyrsinites, O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen.
Var. B, lanceolata (Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 569); leaves lanceolate, 1-nerved
or apparently nerveless, about 4 lin. long and 1 lin. wide. SS. lanceolata, Retz.
Obs. ili. 26. 8S. erecta, var. lanceolata, Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 470.
Var. y, Scariosa (Meisn. in DC, Prodr. xiv. 569); leaves elliptic or lanceolate,
3 lin. long, 1-14 lin. wide, 1-3-nerved, scarious on the margin.
SoutTH Arrica: without locality, Thom!
Coast Recion : Clanwilliam Div. ; between Lange Valley and Olifants River,
Drege! Tulbagh Div. ; Winter Hoek, 1700 ft., Bolus, 5264! Worcester Div. ;
Dutoits Kloof, 2000-3000 ft., Drége! Stellenbosch Div. ; Stellenbosch, Zeyher !
Swellendam Div. ; Zuurbraak Mountain, 1000 ft., Galpin, 4506! Langeberg Range
near Swellendam, 1500 ft., Bolus, 8093! Riversdale Div. ; between Little Vet
River and Garcias Pass, Burchell, 6894 ; Uniondale Div.; on a rocky hill near
Haarlem, Burchell, 5027! Humansdorp Div, ; north side of Kromme River,
Burchell, 4844! Uitenhage Div.; Van Stadens Mountains, Joynbee! by a rivulet
between Maitland River and Van Stadens Kiver, Burchell, 4630! and without
precise locality, Zeyher, 378! Port Elizabeth Div. ; Krakakamma, Zeyher, 572!
Algoa Bay, Cooper, 3073 ! between Krakakamima and the upper part of Leadmine
River, Burchell, 4590! near Port Elizabeth, Bolus, 1264! Albany Div. ; Grahams-
town, Misses Daly & Sole, 478! Var. B: Worcester Div. ; Dutoits Kloof, Dréve!
Cape Div. ; Cape Flats, Burchell, 8382 ! Caledon Div. ; Genadendal, 2000-3000 ft.,
Drége! Houw Hoek, 1500 ft., Schlechter, 7362! Zeyher, 3732! Var. y: Tulbagh
Div. ; Winter Hoek, Zeyher! Bolus, 5262! Swellendam Div. ; near Swellendam,
Ecklon & Zeyher, 58! and without locality, Ludwig.
6. §. tuberculosa (Lam. Encycl. vii. 479); branches puberulous,
leaf-scars close and prominent; leaves imbricate, closely placed,
elliptic or ovate, obscurely 1-3-nerved, glabrous, 3—4 lin. long,
14-2 lin. wide; calyx quite glabrous, 5-6 (rarely 8) lin. long ;
lobes ovate, acute, scarcely 1 lin. long; petals 8, twice as long as
the surrounding hairs. Lam. Ill. i. 314; Roem. & Schult. Syst. iii.
333; Wikstr. in Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh. 1818, 291; Meisn. in
DC. Prodr. xiv.569. S. Vahlii, Wikstr. in Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh.
1818, 291. SS. ovata, var. breviflora, Meisn. in Linnea, xiv.
471. SS. subulata, Vahl ex Wikstr. in Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh.
1818, 291%
Coast Recion: Ludwig, Ecklon, 56 and 627; 7 ;
“oe Ui wg sn ieee y and 4 from
[ have not seen a specimen of this species,
Struthiola. | THYMELAACES (Wright). 31
7. 8. hirsuta (Wikstr. in Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh. 1818,
290); an erect shrub, 4-5 ft. high (Burchell); branches virgate,
hirsute ; leaves elliptic, acute, 3 lin. long, 1} lin. wide, imbricate,
glabrous above, hirsute below ; bracteoles 1} lin. long, oblong ;
flowers solitary in the axils of the leaves in the upper half of the
branches, fragrant (Burchell) ; calyx white, glabrous; tube 5 lin.
long, slender, slightly increasing in diameter upwards ; lobes ovate,
acute, 2 lin. long, | lin. wide ; petals 8, oblong, seated in a ring of
bristles ; anthers oblong; ovary clavate. Drége, Zwei Pfl. Docu-
mente, 123; Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 476 (excl. var. glabrescens), and
in DC. Prodr. xiv. 569. S. grandis, Bartl. ex Meisn. in Linnea, xiv.
476.
SoutH AFRICA: without locality, Mund & Maire, 25! 157! Burke! Wallich !
Reeves!
Coast Recion: Riversdale Div. ; between Garcias Pass and Krombeks River,
Burchell, 7164; banks of the Vet River, Muir, 288 ! George Div. ; at the edge of
woods and in woods at George, 1000 it., Drége! near Lange Vallei, west end,
Burchell, 5699! in the forest near Touw River, Burchell, 5713! Montague Pass,
1200 ft., Young in Herb. Bolus, 5531! Knysna Div.; between Knysna and
Plettenberg Bay, Pappe! Burchell, 5356! near Bitou River, Burchell, 5305!
Uniondale Diy. ; banks of rivulet near Edmonton, Burchell, 5120! Humansdorp
Div. ; Kruisfontein Mountain, 900 ft., Galpin, 4507 !
8. S. pondoensis (Gilg) ; stem branched ; branches at first pilose,
soon glabrescent, finally rough with the projecting scars of fallen
leaves; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, slightly contracted at the
base, 4 lin. long, 14 lin. wide, ciliate on the margin ; flowers in the
axils of the upper leaves; bracteoles 2, lanceolate, 1} lin. long,
4 lin. wide, concave, densely ciliate ; calyx glabrous outside ; tube
cylindrical, slender, 5 lin. long ; lobes deltoid, acute, 1 lin. long,
} lin. wide at the base; petals 8, half as long as the calyx-lobes,
thick, surrounded by hairs slightiy shorter than themselves ; anthers
oblong, ? lin, long, obtuse ; ovary oblong, compressed, glabrous ;
style filiform ; stigma penicillate.
Eastern Recion: Pondoland ; without precise locality, Bachmann, 719!
9. S. congesta (C. H. Wright) ; a much-branched shrub ; branches
glabrous, at length rough with the prominent scars of fallen leaves,
rather slender ; leaves elliptic, 4 lin. long, just over 1 lin. wide,
obtuse or subacute, glabrous, very minutely denticulate ; flowers in
the axils of the uppermost leaves ; bracteoles 1} lin. long, indupli-
cate, with broad membranous ciliate margins and a terminal tuft
of hairs ; calyx-tube glabrous, 4 lin. long, } lin. in diam. ; lobes
ovate, 1} lin. long, 1 lin. wide, obtuse ; petals 8, } lin. long, thick,
with a few surrounding hairs half their length ; anthers crowned by
a short truncate dark-coloured connective ; ovary oblong, glabrous ;
style filiform, 3 lin. long ; stigma penicillate.
Eastern REGIon: Pondoland ; in a damp valley near Murchison, Wood, 3030!
32 THYMELZACE& (Wright). | Struthiola.
10. S. eckloniana (Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 568); branches
virgate, glabrous, with the leaf-scars rather distant and only
slightly prominent ; leaves lanceolate, acuminate, 6 lin. long, about
1 lin. wide, glabrous ; flowers borne in the axils of leaves for some
distance down the stem; bracteoles 3 lin. long, oblong, acuminate,
glabrous ; calyx-tube glabrous, 11 lin. long, } lin. wide; lobes
lanceolate, 2 lin. long, } lin. wide ; petals 8, } lin. long, subulate
shorter than the surrounding hairs; anthers oblong, shortly apicu-
late; ovary oblong, glabrous; style filiform, 7 lin. long ; stigma
penicillate.
Souts Arrica: without locality, Thom !
Coast Recion: Caledon Div. ; Zwart Berg, 1500 ft., Galpin, 4511! by the
Zondereinde River, Burchell, 7543! Swellendam Div.; Grotvaders Bosch, M und !
summit of a mountain near Swellendam, Burchell, 7425! Riversdale Div. ; Garcias
Pass, Burchell, 6936/2! 6982! 7052! Galpin, 4504! River Gouritz, Heklon &
Zeyher, 59! George Div. ; on the Cradock Berg near George, Burchell, 5967 !
11. 8. lineariloba (Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 468) ; an undershrub ;
branches tetragonal at the apex, quite glabrous; leaves opposite,
erecto-patent, at length with the internodes 2 lin. long, acerose,
acute, 3 lin. long, glabrous ; bracteoles 2, linear, acute, 2 lin. long ;
flowers in the upper half of the stem; calyx glabrous ; tube cylin-
drical, slightly inflated above, 4 lin. long ; lobes linear, acute, 2 lin.
long, } lin. wide ; petals 8, oblong, about } lin. long, surrounded by
hairs of equal length ; anthers oblong, inserted a short distance
down the tube; ovary oblong, glabrous. Drége, Zwei Pfl. Docu-
mente, 73; Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 568 (incl. var. glabra).
S. erecta, Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 222% 8. angustifolia, Steud. ex Meisn.
in Linnea, xiv. 469. S. juniperina, Retz. Obs. iii. 26. S. stricta,
Donn, Hort. Cantab. ed. 6, 40.
Coast Recion: Clanwilliam Div.; Blue Berg, 3000-4000 ft., Drége!
12. 8. cicatricosa (C. H. Wright); erect, much-branched ; branches
slender, at first pilose, leaf-scars prominent ; leaves opposite, subu-
late, 3 lin. long, } lin. wide, acute, tipped by a tuft of hairs;
flowers in the axils of the upper leaves; bracteoles 2 lin. long,
oblong, ciliate and with a terminal tuft of hairs; calyx-tube
glabrous, 7 lin. long, slender ; lobes 1} lin. long, } lin. wide, oblong,
acute, with a terminal tuft of hairs; petals 8, oblong, } lin. long,
surrounded by hairs of about equal length; anthers with acute
connective ; ovary oblong, glabrous ; style filiform ; stigma small.
Sours Arrica: without locality, Thom, 577!
13. 8. parviflora (Bartl. ex Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 467); an
undershrub, 1—2 ft. high (Burchell); branches tetragonal at the
apex, canescent when young; leaves slightly spreading, acerose,
subacute, glabrous, sometimes sparingly ciliate and with a short
terminal hair when young, 24 lin. long, } in. wide at the base ;
oles 2, linear, long, acute ; flowers in the axils of the upper-
Struthiola. | THYMELMACE& (Wright). 33
most leaves, glabrous; calyx-tube 34 lin. long, slightly widened
near the apex ; lobes ovate-lanceolate, acute, 1 lin. long ; petals 8,
oblong, about half as long as the lobes, surrounded by hairs
of equal length; anthers oblong, inserted a short distance
down the calyx-tube ; ovary glabrous. Meisn. in Hook. Lond.
Journ. ii, 455, and in DC. Prodr, xiv. 568 ; Krauss, Beitr. Fl. Cap-
und Natal. 143. 8. lutescens, Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Meisn. in DC. Prodr.
xiv. 568. 8S. glabra, Zeyh. ex Meisn, in Linnea, xiv. 468.
SoutH Arrica: without locality, Thom, 800! Wallich! Mund & Maire!
Coast Recion: Riversdale Div. ; hills near Zoetemelks River, Burchell, 6743 !
Knysna Div. ; Plettensberg Bay, Pappe! between Knysna and the mouth of the
Knysna River, Burchell, 5384! Humansdorp Div.; near Humansdorp, 300 ft.,
Galpin, 4515! Bolus, 1263! Uitenhage Div. ; Uitenhage, Zeyher, 21! Pappe !
Zuureberg, 2000-3000 ft., Drége! Albany Div.; Grahamstown, MacOwan!
Tyson, 1467! Stones Hill near Grahamstown, Bennie, 66! near Tea Fontein,
between Riebeck East and Grahamstown, Burchell, 3495! Bathurst Div. ;
between Blaauw Krantz and Kowie River, Burchell, 3879! near Port Alfred,
between Riet Fontein and Kowie River, Burchell, 3989!
14. 8. erecta (Linn. Mant. i. 41) ; a glabrous undershrub ; branches
tetragonal at the apex; leaves opposite, slightly spreading, linear-
lanceolate, acute, 3 lin. long, } lin. wide; flowers in the axils of
leaves in the upper part of the branches ; bracteoles linear, acute,
2 lin. long; calyx glabrous; tube 4-5 lin. long, slightly swollen
above ; lobes ovate-oblong, acuminate, 1$ lin. long, } lin. wide;
petals 8, oblong, } lin. long, surrounded by hairs of equal length ;
anthers included. Wendl. Bot. Beobacht. 9, t. 2, fig. 10; Lodd. Bot.
Cab. t. 74; Wikstr. in Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh. 1818, 289 ; Willd.
Sp. Pl. i. 692; Lam. Encyel. vii. 478 (exel. var. 8B); Drege, Zwei
Pfl. Documente, 105; Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 568 (ined. var.
vulgaris) ; Bolus d) Wolley-Dod in Trans. S. Afr. Phil. Soc. xiv. 315.
S. glabra, Roem. d: Schult. Syst. iti. 331. S. pendula, Salish. Prodr.
282. S. subulata, Lam, Ill. i. 314. 8S. tetragona, Retz. Obs. iii. 25.
SovurH Arrica: without locality, Sieber, 64! Pappe! Forster! Villet! Thom,
588! 668! Burke! Harvey! Cooper, 2295!
Coast Recton: Worcester Div.; Breede River Valley, near Bains Kloof,
800 ft., Bolus, 2918! Cape Div. ; Flats and hills around Cape Town, 50-1000 ft.,
Zeyher! Ecklon, 28! Milne, 157! MacOwan & Bolus, Herb. Norm. Austr.-Afr.,
249! 954! Burchell, 208! 440/1! Wolley-Dod, 340! 614! 983! Drége! Bolus,
2917! near Simons Town, Bolus, 4951! Simons Bay, MacGillivray, 558! 559!
Wright! Caledon Div. ; hill side near Caledon, 900 ft., Galpin, 4514! Palmiet
River, Bolus, 4191! Albany Div. ; Mayors seat, Miss Daly, 121!
15. S. longifolia (C. H. Wright) ; branches erect, virgate, quad-
rangular, glabrous, leaf-scars prominent ; leaves oblong, 6—7 lin.
long, } lin, wide, acute, glabrous; flowers in the axils of the
leaves a long way down the branches; bracteoles 2} lin. long,
oblong, obtuse, keeled, glabrous, margins membranous ; calyx-tube
glabrous, 6 lin. long, cylindrical below, inflated above ; lobes ovate,
FL. C.—VOL. V.—-SECT. Il. D
34 THYMELZACE (Wright). [Struthiola.
14 lin. long, 1 lin. wide, acute and thickened at the apex ; petals 8 ;
anthers with produced acute connective ; ovary oblong ; style 5 lin.
long, filiform ; stigma penicillate.
Coast Recion: Caledon Div. ; Zoetemelks Valley, Burchell, 7578!
16. S. ericoides (C. H. Wright) ; branches at first densely pube-
scent and with short internodes, finally glabrous and with slightly
prominent: leaf-scars ; leaves strictly 4-ranked, oblong, 2} lin. long,
2 lin. wide, obtuse, ciliate when young; flowers axillary in the
upper part of the stem ; bracteoles } lin. long, lanceolate, obtuse,
midrib thick, margins membranous, ciliate; calyx-tube glabrous,
43 lin. long, slightly widening upwards; lobes ovate, 1 lin. long,
2 lin. wide, obtuse; petals 8, about half as long as the calyx-
lobes, thick, slightly longer than the surrounding hairs; anthers
with pointed connective; ovary oblong, glabrous; style filiform,
3 lin. long ; stigma penicillate.
Coast Recion: Riversdale Div. ; Milkwoodfontein, 600 ft., Galpin, 4509!
17. S. Schlechteri (Gilg) ; a much-branched shrub ; branches at
first pubescent, finally glabrous, and rough with leaf-scars ; leaves
imbricate, oblanceolate, 3 lin. long, } lin. wide, with a single row of
rather distant cilia on the margin and a tuft of hairs at the apex ;
flowers in the axils of the upper leaves ; bracteoles oblong, slightly
longer than the leaves, about } lin. wide, induplicate ; calyx-tube
pubescent, 7 lin. long, slender ; lobes 2 lin. long, | lin. wide, oblong,
acute ; petals 8, purplish, about #? lin. long, thick, surrounded by
whitish hairs rather shorter than themselves ; anthers about } lin.
long, apiculate ; ovary oblong, glabrous; style filiform; stigma
penicillate.
CENTRAL Reaion : Calvinia Div. ; Oorlogs Kloof, 2200 ft., Schlechter, 10960!
18. S. leptantha (Bolus in Trans. 8. Afr. Phil. Soc. xvi. 142);
stem branched ; branches slender, glabrous ; leaves opposite, oblong,
obtuse or subacute, 4 lin. long, | lin. wide, thick, flat above, convex
beneath, glabrous ; bracteoles like the leaves, but only 14 lin. long ;
flowers in the axils of the upper leaves, pale yellow ; calyx-tube
slender, nearly 1 in. long, pubescent, cylindrical, slightly inflated
above ; lobes ovate, obtuse, 2 lin. long, 14 lin. wide; petals 8,
oblong, thick, 1 lin. long, surrounded by hairs half their length ;
anthers 4, oblong, obtuse, } lin. long; ovary compressed, oblong,
glabrous ; style filiform ; stigma feathery.
Coast Recon: Clanwilliam Div. ; Lange Kloof, Schlechter, 8049! Blue Berg,
Schlechter, 8448! Piquetberg Div. ; Pikeniers Kloof, 850 ft., Schlechter, 4938!
Div.; Darling, Bachmann, 400!
Centra Reaion: Calvinia Div. ; near Nieuwoudtville, Leipoldt.
_ Wesrery Recion: Little Namaqualand ; in stony places near Ookiep, 3200 ft.,
— Bolus in MacOwan & Bolus, Herb. Norm. Austr.-Afr., 688 !
Struthiola.] THYMELAACE (Wright). 35
19. §. floribunda (C. H. Wright) ; stem branched ; branches at
first pubescent ; leaves opposite, approximate, oblong, obtuse,
34 lin. long, ? lin. wide, at first pilose, finally verrucose on the
back ; flowers in the axils of the leaves a long way down the
branches ; bracteoles 3 lin. long, 4 lin. wide, oblong, obtuse, long-
ciliate ; calyx-tube pubescent, 84 lin. long, slender ; lobes oblong,
obtuse, 24 lin. long, nearly 1 lin. wide ; petals 8, oblong, ? lin. long,
about as long as the surrounding hairs ; connective obtuse ; ovary
oblong, glabrous ; style filiform, 4} lin. long ; stigma penicillate.
Coast Reeion: Clanwilliam Div. ; Zekoe Vley, Schlechter, 8506!
20. S. longiflora (Lam. Ill. i. 314, t. 78); an undershrub ;
branches slender, tetragonal and puberulous above ; leaves imbricate,
ovate-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, sheathing
at the base, at first ciliate, finally glabrous, striate on the back,
4 lin. long, 1} lin. wide ; flowers in the axils of the upper leaves ;
bracteoles 24 lin. long, lanceolate, concave, margins membranous,
ciliate ; calyx-tube pubescent, about 8 lin. long, slender, slightly
widened upwards ; lobes ovate-oblong, obtuse, 2 lin. long ; petals 8,
oblong, 1 lin. long, longer than their surrounding hairs; anthers
1 lin. long, with the connective produced and acute above ; ovary
oblong, 4 lin. long, glabrous. Lam. Encycl. vii. 476; Wikstr. in
Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh. 1818, 292; Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 479,
and in DC. Prodr. xiv. 570; Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 98 ;
Bolus & Wolley-Dod in Trans. S. Afr. Phil. Soc. xiv. 315.
S. pubescens, Sims in Bot. Mag. t.1212; Retz. Obs. iii. 26. SS. glauca,
Nois. ex Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 570. 8S. rubra, Donn, Hort.
Cantab. ed. iv. 31.—-Thymelea foliis oppositis cruciatis, etce., Burm.
Rar. Afr. Pl. 127, t. 47, fig. 1.
Sovutu Arrica: without locality, Villet! Mund! Hooker! Reeves!
Coast Recion: Worcester Div. ; Pienaars Kloof, Burke! Paarl Div. ; between
Paarl and Lady Grey Railway Bridge, under 1000 ft., Drége! Cape Div.; Flats
and hills around Cape Town, 100-3000 ft., Bolus, 4587! Ecklon, 784! Burke!
Tyson, 1440! Wolley-Dod, 615! 1036! Wilms, 3596! 3599! 3600! Burchell,
709! Mund, 23! Galpin, 4516! Simons Bay, Wright! near Simonstown, Bolus,
4952! Wolley-Dod, 612! 940! Stellenbosch Div.; between Lowrys Pass and
Jonkers Hoek, Burchell, 8327! between Stellenbosch and Cape Flats, Burchell,
8355! Caledon Div. ; Genadendal, 3500 ft., Schlechter, 10318!
Karawari Reaion: Orange Free State ; without precise locality, Cooper, 3082!
Basutoland, without precise locality, Cooper, 3088! (both these localities are
probably erroneous).
21. S. flavescens (Gilg) ; branches reddish, finely pubescent when
young, soon glabrescent ; leaves imbricate, lanceolate, 34-6 lin. long,
1 lin. wide, obtuse, densely white-ciliate on the margin when young,
otherwise glabrous, coriaceous ; flowers in the axils of the upper
leaves and only slightly exserted from them ; bracteoles 2, ovate,
obtuse, 1 lin. long, white-ciliate at the apex, margins hyaline below ;
calyx pubescent outside; tube 34 lin. long, slightly widening
upwards, } lin. in diam. at apex ; lobes broadly ovate, wear’ 3 lin.
: D ae
36 THYMELZACEA (Wright). [ Struthiola.
long ; petals 8, oblong, rather shorter than the calyx-lobes, sur-
rounded by hairs rather longer than themselves ; anthers oblong,
acute, 4 lin. long; ovary oblong, glabrous; style filiform, shorter
than the calyx-tube ; stigma penicillate.
Coast REGIon: Cape Div. ; Devils Peak, 1900 ft., Kuntze !
22. 8. rustiana (Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 270); branches at
first silky-pilose; leaves adpressed to the branches, lanceolate,
concave, obtuse, 3 lin. long, $ lin. wide, densely white-ciliate on the
margins and at the apex ; flowers in the axils of the upper leaves ;
bracteoles 2, linear, obtuse, 2 lin. long, ciliate on the margin and
with a terminal tuft of hairs ; calyx-tube cylindrical, 6 lin. long,
lowest third glabrous, rest densely pilose ; lobes 1} lin. long, 4 lin.
wide, obtuse, with a terminal tuft of hairs; petals 8, oblong, about
half as long as the calyx-lobes, surrounded by hairs as long as
themselves ; anthers $ lin. long, acute; ovary oblong, glabrous ;
style filiform ; stigma penicillate.
Coast Recion: Worcester Div. ; on mountains near the Hex River, Bolus,
5800! Riversdale Div. ; near Riversdale, Rust, 560!
The acerose pungent appearance of the leaves, mentioned in the original
description, is due to their rolling up when dry and having a terminal tuft of
hairs.
23. 8. lucens (Lam. Encycl. vii. 477) ; branches virgate, pubescent
if when young; leaves imbricate, lanceolate or oblong, acuminate,
i about 6 lin. long, 1 lin. wide, longitudinally multistriate, ciliate
' when young, glabrous in age; flowers in the axils of the upper
leaves ; bracteoles 2, oblong, 2 lin. long, ciliate ; calyx-tube pube-
scent outside, about 6 lin. long, slender below, slightly inflated
above ; lobes broadly ovate, acute, 1 lin. long; anthers oblong,
apiculate ; petals 8, oblong, { lin. long, surrounded by hairs of
equal length; ovary oblong; style filiform, hairy; stigma sub-
capitate. Wikstr. in Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh. 1818, 287; Roem.
& Schult. Syst. Veg. iii. 332 ; Meisn. in Linnea, xiy. 478, and in DC.
Prodr. xiv. 570; Bolus & Wolley-Dod in Trans. 8. Afr. Phil. Soc.
Sour Arrica: without locality, Bergius! Villet! Forster! Pappe! Harvey,
688! ; 3
AST REGION :
>
Cape Div.; Table Mountain, Keklon, 65! 785! ege |
MacGillivray, 557! Bolus, 2919! 4670! Tyson, 2380! Devils Peck, Wolly te
586! Schlechter, 54! above Wynberg Range, Wolley-Dod, 613! ’ Simonstown,
ft., Schlechter, 315! Cape Flats, near Rondebosch, Burchell, 160! Camps
omeg 297! Muizenberg, Tyson! Port Elizabeth Div.; near Port
Struthiola. | THYMELEACES (Wright). 37
24. 8. recta (C. H. Wright) ; stem erect, slightly branched at
the apex, pilose when young, glabrous and grey when old ; leaves
opposite, linear, obtuse, 4 lin. long, 4 lin. wide, at first slightly
pilose, soon glabrous ; flowers in the axils of the upper leaves ;
calyx-tube pubescent, 6 lin. long, slender curved; lobes oblong,
acute, 1} lin. long, + lin. wide ; petals 8, clavate, } lin. long, shorter
than the surrounding hairs; anthers shortly apiculate; ovary
oblong, 1 lin. long, glabrous; style filiform, 4 lin. long ; stigma
penicillate.
Coast Reaion: Swellendam Div. ; Swellendam, 800-2000 ft., Mund, 25!
25. S. angustifolia (Lam. Encycl. vii. 477); branches densely
white-woolly ; leaves subadpressed, acerose, obtuse, convex on the
back, 1-3-nerved, 2-3 lin. long, margins and apex white-ciliate ;
calyx pubescent, thrice as long as the leaves; tube slender ; lobes
small, oblong, patent ; petals 8, half as long as the calyx-lobes, longer
than the scanty hairs. Lam. Til. i. 314 ; Roem. & Schult. Syst. iii.
331; Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 466, and in DC. Prodr. xiv. 567.
Coast Recion: Clanwilliam Div.; Zeekoe Vley, Zeyher, 3733. Pikeniers
Kloof and Ezels Bank, Drége.
26. 8. virgata (Linn. Mant. i. 41); branches at first white-pube-
scent, finally glabrous and with elevated leaf-scars; leaves oblong,
obtuse, 4 lin. long, } lin. wide, at first densely white-ciliate on the
margin, longitudinally suleate on the back when dry; bracteoles
similar to the leaves but half their size ; calyx-tube pubescent, 6 lin.
long, slightly inflated above; lobes ovate, obtuse, 14 lin. long;
petals 8, oblong, obtuse, $ lin. long, surrounded by hairs of about
equal length ; anthers obtusely apiculate ; ovary compressed, oblong,
glabrous, 4 lin. long; style filiform; stigma small, penicillate.
Lam. Eneyel. vii. 476 ; Lam. Ilustr. i. 314; Wikstr. in. Vet. Acad.
Handl. Stockh. 1818, 286; Thunb. Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 382; Roem.
d& Schult. Syst. Veg. iii. 330; Drége, Zwei Pf. Documente, 68, 73,
98, 102, 108, 110, 114; Meisn. in Linnza, xiv. 464, and in DC.
Prodr, xiv. 567. SS. virgata, var. linnzeana, Meisn. in Linnea, xiv.
464, and in DC. Prodr. xiv. 567. 8. virgata, var. genuina, Meisn. in
Linnea, xiv. 464, 8. ciliata, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 149, not of Lam. S.
ciliata, var., Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 139. Passerina Zeyheri, Spreng. ex
Meisn. in Linnzea, xiv. 464. SS. glauea, Sieb. ex Presl, Bot. Bemerk.
108. S. glauca, Lodd. Cat. 33% S. ineana, Lodd. Cab. t. 11. 8.
tuberculosa, Vahl ex Wikstr. in Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh. 1818,
Var. 8, pubescens (Meisn. in Linnza, xiv. 464); a more slender plant than
the type ; branches conspicuously white hairy ; calyx pilose outside, up to twice
as long as the leaves. Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 74; DC. Prodr. xiv. 567.
S. pubescens, Retz. Obs. iii. 26. S. virgata, Sm. Exot, Bot, i. 80, t. 46. _
Sourn Arrica: without locality, Wallich! Zeyher! Var. 8B: Thom, 363! 696!
Wallich! Zeyher, 1482!
38 THYMELEZACES (Wright). [ Struthiola.
Coast Reaton: Vanrhynsdorp Div. ; between Heerenlogement and Knagas-
Berg, under 1000 ft., Drége ! Clanwilliam Div. ; Zeekoe Vley, Schlechter, 8578!
mountains near Olifants Kiver, Bolus, 5799! Malmesbury Div. ; Mamre, near
Groene Kloof, 300 ft., Bolus, 4322! Tulbagh Div. ; Saron, 700 ft., Schlechter,
7865! Winter Hoek, Zeyher! Worcester Div. ; Hex River Mountains, AxelJsfarm,
Rehmann, 2707 ! mountains, Hex River Valley, Zyson, 805! Worcester, Zeyher !
Stellenbosch Div.; Stellenbosch, Zeyher! Bredasdorp Div. ; near Elim, 300 {t.,
Bolus, 7854! Schlechter, 7705 1 Swellendam Div. ; on dry hills near Breede River,
Burchell, 7457! Var. 8: Clanwilliam Div. ; sand flats near Ezels Bank, Drége r
Malmesbury Diy. ; between Groene Kloof and Dassen Berg, Drége! Paarl Div. ;
between Paarl and Lady Grey Bridge, Drége! Cape Div.; Tyger Berg, Drege!
Swellendam Div. ; Buffeljagts River, Gill! ! :
Centra Recion: Ceres Div.; between Karroo Poort and Zoutpansdriit,
2000 ft., Pearson, 5016!
27. S. confusa (C. H. Wright); erect, much-branched from the
base ; branches at first pilose ; leaves linear-lanceolate, 3 lin. long,
obtuse, tipped with a bunch of hairs, ciliate, soon glabrescent ;
flowers in the axils of the uppermost leaves ; bracteoles 1 lin. long,
oblong, obtuse, ciliate ; calyx-tube sparingly pubescent, 6 lin. long,
gradually widened upwards ; lobes ovate, obtuse, 14 lin. long, { lin.
wide ; petals 8, half as long as the calyx-lobes, surrounding hairs.
of equal length ; anthers with blunt shortly produced connective ;
ovary oblong, glabrous ; style filiform ; stigma penicillate.
' Coasr Recion: Tulbagh Div. ; mountains near the waterfall, 1200 ft., Bolus,
5263! Pappe! Witzen Berg, behind Steendahl, 2000 ft., Bolus, 5378! Cape Div. ;
beyond Raapenberg Vley, Woolley-Dod, 340!
This species resembles S. erecta, Linn., but differs in having a pubescent calyx
with obtuse lobes,
28. 8. leiosiphon (Gilg); 3 ft. high (Burchell), much-branched ;
branches at first pilose, finally glabrous and rough with prominent
leaf-scars ; leaves lanceolate, concave, 6 lin. long, 14 lin. wide,
pilose when young, afterwards glabrous and tuberculate on the back ;
flowers in the axils of the uppermost leaves ; bracteoles 3 lin. long,
4 lin. wide, densely ciliate; calyx-tube glabrous, 12 lin. long,
cylindrical, } lin. in diam. ; lobes ovate, acuminate, 2} lin. long,
1} lin. wide; petals 12, nearly 1 lin. long, oblong, surrounded by
hairs nearly as long; ovary 1 lin. long, oblong, glabrous ; style
filiform, 9 lin. long ; stigma small.
Coast Recion: Caledon Div. ; tops of the mountains of Bavians Kloof near
Genadendal, Burchell, 7730 !
29. 8. rigida (Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv, 570) ; branches slender,
densely leafy, terete, puberulous, leaf-scars prominent; leaves
opposite, at first imbricate, finally spreading, rigid, lanceolate,
rather acute, convex on the back, 3-5 lin. long, 3—1 lin. wide,
contracted at the base, densely ciliate on the involute margins,
otherwise glabrous ; flowers glabrous, 8-9 lin. long; calyx-tube:
_ dilated in the throat ; lobes ovate-oblong, 1 lin. long ; petals 12,
_ yellow, twice as long as the surrounding hairs.
_ _ Coast Region: Swellendam Div.; Breede River, between Sebastians Bay,
Rhinoster Fontein and Port Beaufort, Garnot.
Struthiola. | THYMELMACE& (Wright). 39
30. S. ramosa (C. H. Wright); much-branched ; branches at
first pubescent, finally glabrous, leaf-scars small; leaves oblong-
lanceolate, 34 lin. long, 1 lin. wide, densely white-ciliate when
young, at length glabrous, longitudinally suleate when dry ; flowers
in the axils of the upper leaves; bracteoles 1 lin. long, oblong, with a
strong midrib and membranous margins ; calyx-tube glabrous, 5 lin.
long, rather inflated and ribbed above ; lobes ovate, obtuse, about
1 lin. long ; petals 12, oblong, 2 lin. long, with surrounding hairs
of about equal length; ovary oblong, glabrous; style filiform, as
long as the calyx-tube ; stigma penicillate.
SourH Arrica: without locality, Mund !
Coast Reaion: Tulbagh Diy. ; Witzenberg Range, Zeyher !
31. 8S. Galpini (C. H. Wright); branches at first pubescent,
finally glabrous, with the leaf-scars only slightly prominent ; leaves
rather closely placed, lanceolate, 34 lin. long, 1 lin. wide, acute, at
first densely white-ciliate on the margin, finally quite glabrous and
shining; flowers densely placed in the axils of the uppermost
leaves ; bracteoles ovate, acute, about 1 lin. long, 3 lin. wide,
densely ciliate, herbaceous ; calyx-tube glabrous, 6 lin. long, slightly
curved, gradually widening upwards ; lobes ovate, subacute, 14 lin.
long, 3 lin. wide, thin for the genus; petals 12, half as long as the
calyx-lobes, rather slender, about ‘as long as the surrounding
hairs ; connective of anthers acute ; ovary oblong, glabrous ; style
filiform, 4 lin. long ; stigma penicillate.
Coast Reaion: Riversdale Div. ; Milkwoodfontein, 600 ft., Galpin, 4508!
32. 8. Mundtii (Eckl. ex Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 572); a
shrub, 1-2 ft. high; branches sparingly villous ; leaves imbricate,
ovate-oblong, or lanceolate, very acute, 5 lin. long, about 2 lin.
wide, strongly striate on the back, floccose on the margins at least
when young; flowers in the axils of the uppermost leaves; calyx
glabrous ; tube slender, 6 lin. long, subcylindrical ; lobes ovate,
cuspidate, nearly 1 lin. long ; petals 12 ; anthers oblong, acuminate,
} lin. long, included; ovary ovoid, } lin. long. S. hirsuta, var.
glabrescens, Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 476. 8S. striata, Eckl. & Zeyh.
partly ex Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 572.
SourH Arrica: without locality, Mund, Ludwig.
Coast Recion: Tulbagh Div. ; without precise locality, Pappe! Drége, 7337 !
Caledon Div. ; Klein River Mountains, Ecklon & Zeyher, 50!
33. S. argentea (Lehm. Del. Sem. Hort. Hamburg. 1831, 6, 7) ;
an undershrub 1—2 ft. high; branches at first pubescent, finally
with raised scars; leaves suborbicular or shortly ovate, obtuse, —
about 4 lin. long, densely imbricate and at first adpressed, densely
(but deciduously) white-ciliate on the thickened margin, otherwise _
glabrous, silvery beneath ; flowers numerous in the axils of the =
upper leaves ; bracteoles oblong, obtuse, ciliate ; calyx-tube pube-_
40 THYMELZACEA (Wright). [ Struthiola.
scent, slender, 10 lin. long ; lobes suborbicular, obtuse, 1} lin. in
diam. ; petals 12, nearly 1 lin. long, surrounded by hairs } lin. long ;
anthers oblong with prolonged acute connective ; ovary 4 lin. long,
oblong, glabrous ; style lateral near the apex, filiform. Mezsn. in
DC. Prodr. xiv. 571. S. dregeana, Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 472;
Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 63, 64, 122, and in Linnzea, xx. 211.
Var. 8, oblongata (Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 571); leaves ovate or oblong,
with many fine conspicuous nerves on the back. 8S, aurea, Eckl. & Zeyh. ex
Meisn, lc.
Var. y, laxior (Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 571); leaves ovate-oblong, up to
5 lin. long, less densely imbricate than in the type and var. B, slightly spreading,
recurved at the apex. S. formosa, Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Meisn. Lc.
Soutn Arrica: without locality, Lehmann! Thom, 55! Harvey! Var. 8:
Niven.
Coast Recton: Albany Div. ; Cooper, 22! 1556! 3074! Var. B: Swellendam
Div. ; between Zuurbraak and Buffeljagts River Drift, Burchell, 7265! Rivers-
dale Div. ; Stille Bay, Muir in Herb. Galpin., 5315! Oudtshoorn Div. ; Cango,
Atherstone! Albany Div.; near Tea Fontein, between Riebeck East and
Grahamstown, Burchell, 3486! near Grahamstown, 2000 ft., Glass in MacOwan,
Herb, Austr.-Afr., 1526! MacQwan, 13! Schinland, 3! Brak Kloof, Mrs. White.
32! and without precise locality, Ecklon & Zeyher, 628, Cooper, 27! Var. ¥:
Stellenbosch Div. ; Stellenbosch, Zeyher! Knysna Div.; on sand hills near the
west end of Groene Vallei, Burchell, 5655! Uitenhage Div. ; between Kraka-
kamma and Van Staadens Berg, Ecklon, Ecklon & Zeyher, 47. Albany Div. ;
Zwart Hoogte, Ecklon & Zeyher!
Centra Rearion: Prince Albert Div. ; Zwartberg Range, near Vrolyk, Drége !
tyjnt
34. 8. bachmanniana (Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 270); stems at
first villous, finally glabrous; leaves imbricate, ovate-lanceolate,
subacute, rounded at the base, at first silky-villous especially on the
margin, 6 lin. long, 2 lin. wide ; flowers in the axils of the upper
leaves ; bracteoles 2 lin. long, oblong, ciliate ; calyx-tube pubescent
outside, 9 lin. long, slender, cylindrical ; lobes 2 lin. long, # lin.
wide, ovate, subacute ; petals 12, conical, pale yellow, } lin. long,
surrounded by hairs slightly shorter than themselves ; anthers | lin.
long, apiculate ; ovary oblong, 1 lin. long, glabrous ; style filiform.
SovutH Arrica : without locality, Mund & Maire !
Coast Recion: Malmesbury Div. ; near Hopefield, Bachmann, 2037.
35. 8. martiana (Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 570); branches
long, slender, pubescent ; leaves alternate, imbricate, lanceolate,
acute, semiamplexicaul, 5-6 lin. long, 1-1} lin. wide, sparingly pilose,
ciliate, at length glabrous ; bracteoles small, narrowly linear, obtuse,
ciliate ; calyx 9-10 lin. long ; tube slender, rather pilose, campanu-
late above ; lobes oblong, acute; petals 12, twice as long as the
surrounding hairs.
SoutH Arrica: without locality, Niven.
_ 36. 8. garciana (C. H. Wright); stem erect, simple or sparingly
branched, at first pilose, reddish ; leaves oblong, obtuse, 6 lin. long,
lin. wide, at first densely white-ciliate on the margins and with a
Struthiola. | THYMELHACE® (Wright). 41
terminal tuft of white hairs; flowers in the axils of the upper
leaves; bracts 6 lin. long, 14 lin. wide, lanceolate, acuminate,
densely white-ciliate on the margin; calyx-tube pubescent outside,
10 lin. long, } lin. diam., cylindrical ; lobes lanceolate, acuminate,
1} lin. long, $ lin. wide, hairy outside ; petals 12, clavate, 1 lin.
long, surrounded by hairs of about equal length; anthers oblong,
acuminate, 1 lin. long; ovary oblong, $ lin. long, glabrous ; style
filiform ; stigma penicillate.
Coast Recion: Riversdale Div.; near Garcias Pass, Burchell, 7152! Humans-
dorp Div. ; Kruisfontein, near Humansdorp, Galpin, 4510!
37. S. fasciata (C. H. Wright) ; fasciculately branched ; branches
densely woolly when young, leaf-scars not very prominent ; leaves
opposite, linear, 35 lin. long, } lin. wide, obtuse ; flowers in the
axils of the uppermost leaves and just protruded from them ; bracts
lanceolate, acute, very densely woolly on the margins ; bracteoles
1 lin. long, } lin. wide, woolly on the margins; calyx-tube 3} lin.
long, pubescent ; lobes ovate, acute, | lin. long, 3 lin. wide ; petals 12,
oblong, subacute, slightly longer than the surrounding hairs ;
anthers apiculate ; ovary oblong, glabrous; style filiform; stigma
small.
Coast Recton: Swellendam Div.; between Zuurbraak and Buffeljagts River
Drift, Burchell, 7266 !
38. S. tomentosa (Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 334); an undershrub ;
branches slender, at first tomentose, at length covered with raised
scars ; leaves closely imbricate, oval-oblong, subobtuse, up to 5 lin.
long and 3 lin. wide, coriaceous, the lowermost sometimes smaller and
linear-lanceolate, 3~5-nerved on the back, when young canescent,
sometimes almost glabrous in age, the uppermost slightly sheathing ;
flowers in the axils of the upper leaves; calyx hairy ; tube 5-6 lin.
long, cylindrical; lobes oblong, subobtuse, about } lin. long,
hairy ; petals 12, rather longer than the calyx-lobes, surrounded by
slightly shorter hairs; anthers included, oblung, acute, about } lin.
long ; ovary oblong. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, i. 272; Roem. & Schult.
Syst. iii. 333; Wikstr. in Vet. Acad. Handl. Stock. 1818, 292;
Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 571. S. villosa, Wikstr. in Vet. Acad.
Handl. Stock. 1818, 288. S. chrysantha, Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Meisn. in
DC. Prodr. xiv. 572, not of Lichtenstein.
Sours Arrica : without locality, Niven!
Coast Recion: Stellenbosch Div. ; Hottentots Holland, 800-2000 ft., Mund,
22! Caledon Div.; mountains, Hermanuspetrusfontein, 300 ft., Galpin, 4513!
Lowrys Pass, 1000 ft., MacOwan in Herb, Norm. Austr.-Afr., 1951! mountains
near Hemel en Aarde, Zeyher, 3740, Bredasdorp Div. ; Elim, 2500 ft., Schlechter,
7742! Swellendam Div. ; without precise locality, Heklon.
Imperfectly known species.
39. S. chrysantha (Lichtenst. ex Roem. & Schultes, Syst. iii.
333) ; branches pilose when young ; leaves imbricate, ovate-oblong,
42 THYMELEACES (Wright). [Struthiola.
subobtuse, 3-nerved, densely pilose when young ; calyx pubescent ?;
tube long, filiform ; petals 12, surrounded by golden hairs. Meisn.
in DC. Prodr. xiv. 570.
Coast Reaion : Tulbagh Div. ; Witzenberg Range, Lichtenstein.
Meisner compares this with S, tomentosa, Andr.
40. 8. eckloniana (Gandog. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, lx. 419,
1913, not of Meisn.); an undershrub ; branches tortuous, divaricate
or patent ; leaves twice as long as those of S. virgata, but narrower,
more floccose, longer than the flowers ; calyx-tube hirtellous ; lobes
elliptic, glabrous.
Sovuru Arnica: without locality, Ecklon & Zeyher.
41, 8. dodecapetala (Bartl. ex Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 475);
branches stout, 1 ft. or more high, tetragonous and hirsute above,
terete and glabrous below ; leaves opposite, quadrifarious, imbricate,
ovate-oblong, obtuse, slightly recurved at the apex, 6 lin. long or
more, obscurely sulcate, midrib prominent, secondary nerves obscure,
silky-ciliate when young, at length glabrous ; flowers sessile, axil-
lary near the ends of the branches, solitary, twice as long as the
leaves ; bracteoles linear, obtuse, ciliate, 3 lin. long; calyx-tube
filiform, inflated above, silky outside ; lobes ovate, obtuse ; petals 12,
surrounded by hairs of equal length. Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv.
571.
Var. 8, Kraussii (Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 571); branches simple ; leaves
3-5-nerved, the upper ovate-oblong, 6-7 lin. long, lower 8-10 lin. long, 3-4 lin.
wide, slightly sheathing ; calyx 12-14 lin. long, sparingly puberulous; tube
slender ; lobes 1 lin. long. S. dodecapetala, Meisn, in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot.
ii, 455; Krauss, Beitr. Fl. Cap- und Natal. 143.
Coast Recion : Swellendam Div. ; Outeniqua, near Tradouw, without collector's
name, Var, B: Cape Div.; Devils Mountain, Arauss, 763.
VIII. GNIDIA, Linn.
Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx-tube cylindrical, cireumscissile
above the ovary; lobes 4, patent. Petals 4, 8 or 12, smaller than
the calyx-lobes, membranous or fleshy. Stamens 8 in 2 whorls, the
upper shortly exserted, rarely imperfect ; anthers oblong or linear ;
connective narrow. H nous disc none or very shortly annular.
Ovary sessile, l-celled ; style filiform ; stigma capitate or penicillate.
Fruit dry, small, enclosed in the persistent base of the calyx ;
_ pericarp membranous. Seed with crustaceous testa; albumen
scanty, rarely thick and fleshy ; cotyledons rather thick.
__-Virgate or heath-like 51
os irga’ shrubs ; leaves usually small or narrow, o'
ite or
; flowers white, yellow, red or
-
violet, capitate at the ends of the
Gnidia]
Distris. Species about 90 in Tropical and South Africa.
Perfect anthers 4; staminodes 4:
Petals 4 Bn
Petals 8
Perfect anthers 8 ; staminodes 0:
*Petals 4:
Petals fleshy, laciniate
Petals fleshy, entire or emarginate :
Involucral leaves much broader than the cauline
Involucral leaves not very different from the
-. (5) pinifolia,
Leaves glabrous, opposite (see also 9, gemini-
. (6) orbiculata,
cauline :
Leaves glabrous, alternate
jlora) :
Leaves orbicular a ase ou
Leaves ovate
Leaves hairy, alternate
Leaves hairy (at least when n young), opposite:
Petals 14 lin. long
Petals minute :
Flowers 5 lin. Jong ..
Flowers under 3 lin. long ... ve
Petals membranous :
Calyx hairy :
Leaves glabrous :
Leaves linear, obtuse ..
Leaves narrowly lanceolate, acuminate
Leaves lanceolate, pungent...
Leaves ovate, acuminate
Leaves ovate-oblong, subobtuse Sue
Leaves hairy :
Leaves obtuse, eae aca
Calyx 5 lin. long a
Calyx 3-4 lin. long ..
Leaves acute, pilose... ae
Calyx glabrous :
Leaves alternate :
Branches glabrous ose ss
Branches pubescent when young
Branches adpressed-tomentose
Leaves opposite :
Leaves more or less ovate:
Branches erect, parallel ... ses
Branches divergent ... bie
Leaves linear- to oblong-lanceolate :
Calyx-tube narrow above ...
Calyx-tube wide above:
Calyx-lobes oblong gad Se
Calyx-lobes ovate... —... wes
**Petals 8, fleshy: .
; Calyx glabrous ... Cast Re ances) io —
wee wee
THYMELZACES (Wright).
.. (1) harveyana,
.. (2) anomala,
. (3) pulvinata.
(4) microcephala,
.. (7) oppositifolia,
.- (8) tomentosa,
-. (9) geminiflora,
., (10) Burmanni.
. (11) wikstremiana.
.. (12) penicillata.
. G3) quadrifaria,
... (14) styphelioides.
. (15) myrtifolia.
... (16) sonderiana,
. (17) tenella,
. (18) chrysophylla.
... (19) humilis.
.. (20) juniperifolia.
... (21) subulata.
. (22) variegata.
. (23) Flanagani.
... (24) coriacea.
. (25) parviflora.
... (26) decurrens.
.. (27) Galpini.
... (28) pallida.
44 THYMELZACE (Wright). [ Gnidia.
Calyx hairy :
Leaves glabrous :
Flowers axillary = : he ... (29) thesioides.
Flowers on very short axillary denis ... (30) fastigiata.
Flowers racemose, axillary... ee ... (31) racemosa,
Flowers distinctly terminal :
Flowers solitary :
Leaves linear-subulate ... ase ... (32) linoides.
Leaves elliptic-oblong ... tes ... (33) Cayleyi.
Flowers clustered :
Leaves opposite :
Leaves oblong-lanceolate, upper wider (34) obtusissima.
Leaves linear-oblong, uniform ... (35) ericoides.
Leaves alternate :
Flowers less than 6 lin. long :
Calyx sparsely hairy :
Petals as long as calyx-lobes —... (36) parvula.
Petals § as long as calyx-lobes ... (37) polystachya.
Calyx densely hairy :
Leaves 3 lin. long. oy ... (38) seabra.
Leaves 4-9 lin. long .-- (39) setosa.
Flowers 10 lin. long... se ... (40) Woodii.
Leaves hairy:
__Leaves lanceolate Be six Ree ... (41) Baurii.
Leaves linear-lanceolate :
Flowers capitate... wie wef ... (42) stellatifolia.
Flowers solitary... ae Ee ... (48) sparsifiora.
Leaves linear-oblong :
Flowers in dense clusters ... nae ... (44) nodiflora,
Flowers few ... ae ae ote ... (45) strigillosa.
Leaves ovate or oval:
Flowers not much longer than the leaves... (46) sericea.
Flowers much longer than the leaves :
Branches virgate ... ay a --» (47) denudata.
Branches diffuse :
Calyx densely tomentose See ... (48) Leipoldtii.
Calyx adpressed-silky ... et ... (49) nitida.
***Petals 8, membranous :
Calyx glabrous ee sic cee woe ... (50) Meyeri.
Calyx hairy :
Branches spreading :
Leaves linear, pilose ges Se ... (51) multiflora.
Leaves oval, 12 lin. wide, hairy ce ... (52) ovalifolia.
Leaves oval, 1} lin. wide, canescent .. ... (53) imbricata.
Leaves oblong, fan lin. wide, Gitiined
Calyx pubescent... ae ee ... (54) caniflora.
Calyx silky-villous ... ae ve ... (55) imeonspicua.
Branches erect :
Leaves subulate ee et eee ... (56) Francisci. —
Leaves linear-l lat ae bee ... (57) seabrida,
_ ****Petals 12 ; calyx hairy ves sas tne ean (68) Cophalotes.
Gnidia. | THYMELEZACES (Wright). 45
1. G. harveyana (Meisn. in Linnwa, xiv. 437) ; branches sparingly
branched above, puberulous at the apex; leaves opposite or in
verticils of 4 each, oval, very obtuse, 45-5} lin. long, 2-3 lin.
wide, thickly coriaceous, 3—5-nerved, slightly concave, at first
adpressed silky-pilose, at length glabrous except sometimes at the
base ; flowers geminate at the ends of the branches ; calyx 7-8 lin.
long, white-silky outside ; tube cylindrical ; lobes oblong, subobtuse ;
petals 4, linear-oblong, subacute, waxy, yellow, glabrous; upper
anther exserted. Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 581.
SourH Arrica: without locality, Drége.
2. G. anomala (Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 435); a much-branched
undershrub ; branches at first white-pilose, finally glabrous and
with slightly raised leaf-scars ; upper leaves opposite, lower alternate,
oval or ovate-oblong, concave, 3} lin. long, 1} lin. wide, obtuse,
silky on both sides, 3—5-nerved; bracts similar to the leaves ;
flowers few ; calyx silky outside; tube 64 lin. long, slender ; lobes
oblong-lanceolate, acute, 24 lin. long, 1 lin. wide, margins involute ;
petals 8, geminate, clavate; upper stamens absent, lower with
anthers 3 lin. long; ovary oblong, glabrous ; style filiform, 4 lin.
long; stigma small. Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 580; Bolus and
Wolley-Dod in Trans. 8. Afr. Phil. Soc. xiv.315. Q, sericea, Drége in
Linnea, xx. 208. G.argentea, Eckl. ex Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 581.
Sour Arrica: without locality, Wallich! Stanger!
Coast ReGion: Cape Div.; stream beyond Pauls Berg, Wolley-Dod, 2929!
Simons Bay, Wright! lower part of Table Mountain, Burchell, 8437! Stellen-
bosch Div. ; near Lowrys Pass, Hottentots Holland, 1300 ft., Zeyher, 3764, Bolus,
4190! Caledon Div. ; Houw Hoek, 1200 ft., MacOwan, Herb. Norm, Austr.-Afr.,
2481 Scott-Elliot, 1113! Burchell, 8146! on Donker Hoek Mountain, Burchell,
7946! Bredasdorp Div.; Elim, 500 ft., Schlechter, 7657! Riversdale Div. ;
Riversdale, Rust, 599! George Div.; between Zwart Vallei and the west end of
Lange Vallei, Burchell, 5693! Knysna Div. ; between Goukamma River and
Groene Vallei, Burchell, 5619!
3. G. pulvinata (Bolus in Trans. 8. Afr. Soc. xvi. 142); a shrub
3-4 ft. high ; branches diffuse, rigid, at first pilose, soon glabrous,
verrucose, leaf-scars prominent ; leaves crowded, opposite, oblong-
lanceolate, 5 lin. long, # lin. wide, incurved, obtuse, thickly
coriaceous, densely white-pilose when young, at length minutely
verrucose ; flowers in terminal 3~5-flowered clusters, exinvolucrate ;
calyx densely tomentose, dull purple, ribbed ; tube subcylindrical,
8 lin. long; lobes ovate or lanceolate, acute, 1} lin. long, 1 lin.
wide ; petals 4, divided into many fleshy processes intermixed with
hairs and almost closing the mouth of the calyx-tube ; anthers
oblong, obtuse, } lin. long; ovary ovoid, with a terminal tuft of
hairs ; style nearly as long as the calyx-tube ; stigma subcapitate.
De Wild. Pl. Nov. Herb. Hort. Then. i. 205, t. 46, jigs. 1-9.
Coast Recion: Bredasdorp Div.; on the mountains between Caledon and —
Elim, about 600 ft., Bolus, 9238! near Koude River, Schlechter, 9619 ! Riversdale
Div. ; Gysmans Hoek, Muir 502! :
46 THYMELZACES (Wright). [Guidia.
4. G. microcephala (Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 589) ; stems many,
about 1 ft. high, probably annual from a woody base, virgate,
glabrous ; leaves alternate, subulate-linear, 4-6 lin. long, slightly
incurved, channelled above, faintly keeled below ; heads terminal,
many-flowered ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, 3 lin. long, outer 1 lin.
wide, inner 14 lin. wide, glabrous except sometimes on the margins ;
| calyx-tube with a basak glabrous swelling 4 lin. long, deciduous
| part hairy outside and .2 lin. long; lobes oblong, hairy outside,
obtuse, 1 lin. long, 4 lin. wide or less; petals 4, clavate ; ovary
ovoid, glabrous except for a tuft of long silky hairs from the base ;
style short; stigma capitate. Rendle in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2,
iv. 40; Pearson in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 225. G, apiculata,
Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 263. Gnidiopsis wicrocephala, Van Tieghem
in Bull, Soe. Bot. France, xl. (1893), 76.
Katanart Recron: Orange River Colony; Besters Vlei near Witzies Hoek,
5300 ft., Bolus, 8244! Transvaal; Magaliesberg, Burke, 96! Zeyher, 1492!
Wonderboompoort, Rehmann, 4530! near Pretoria, Burtt-Davy, 685! 2541!
Rustenberg, Miss Pegler, 977! near Lydenburg, Wilms! Abbotts Hill, Barberton,
3500 ft., Galpin, 1011! Witbank, Middelburg distr., Gilfillan in Herb. Galpin,
7236 !
Eastern Recion: Natal; Biggarsberg, 4000 ft., Wood, 846! grassy flat near
Lambonjwa River, Tugela district, Wood, 3447! near Pietermaritzburg, Wilms,
2247! Howick, Mrs. Hutton, 423! and without precise locality, Cooper, 3080!
Gerrard, 1389! Swaziland ; Havelock Conceasion, 4000 ft., Saltmarshe in Herb.
Galpin. 1011!
Also in Tropical Africa.
5. G. pinifolia (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 358, not of Linn. f.) ; branches
forked or fastigiate, glabrous, rather slender, leaf-scars rather close,
moderately prominent ; leaves alternate, acerose, pungent-acuminate,
up to 8 lin. long and } lin. wide, glabrous, involucral rather wider ;
heads many-flowered ; calyx densely hairy outside; tube 6 lin.
long, the lower quarter inflated and triangular in section, upper
part subcylindrical ; lobes oblong or obovate, obtuse, 2 lin. long,
1} lin. wide; petals 4, 1 lin. long, anther-like, fleshy, densely hairy
all over ; anthers oblong, obtuse, } lin. long; ovary shortly stipitate,
glabrous ; style nearly as long as the calyx-tube ; stigma capitate.
Berg. Deser. Pl. Cap. 122; Thunb. Prodr. 76, and Fl. Cap. ed.
Schult. 379 ; Andr. Rep. t. 52; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 7; Bot. Reg. t. 19;
Bot. Mag. t. 2016; Wikstr. in Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh. 1818, 310;
ner — — 445, and in DO. Prodr. xiv. 589; Drége,
ei Pf. Documente, 83,105. G. radiata, Linn. Mant. 67; Lodd.
Bot. Cab. t. 29; Wendl. Bot. Beobacht. 15, t. 2, fig. 12. |G, Schlech-
tert, Gandog. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, \x. 417, 1913. Canalia daph-
noides, Schmidt in Flora, 1830, 555.—Rapunculus foliis nervosis
fig. 3
linearibus, Burm. Rar. Afr. Pl. 112, t. 41, fig. 3.
_- Var. B, ochroleuca (Bot. Reg. t. 624); more slender than the type: leaves
‘patent, obtuse, bright green ; involucral leaves stellately bare id i yellow
otitside except at the purple base; petals nearly as long as the calyx-lobes.
Meisn. in DC, Prodr, xiv, 590. G. ochroleuca, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t.1184.0 0
Gnidia. | THYMELAACES (Wright). 47
SoutH AFrRica: without locality, Thom, 634! 780! 806! Cooper, 3081!
Var. 8: cultivated specimens. :
Coast Recion: Piquetberg Div. ; between Kromme River and Pietersfontein,
Drege! Paarl Div.; French Hoek Kloof, Drége! Cape Div. ; hills and flats near
Cape Town, L£cklon, 110! 358! Zeyher! Mund, 13! Bolus, 2921! 3701!
Schlechter, 1037! Ecklon & Zeyher! MacOwan in MacOwan & Bolus, Herb, Norm.
Austr.-Afr., 247! Pappe, 37! Rogers, 2419! Wolley-Dod, 610! Wilms, 3595a!
MacOwan, 2471! Burchell, 316! 381! 8409! 8428! Drége! Simons Bay,
MacGillivray, 627! Wright! Stellenbosch Div.; Lowrys Pass, Galpin, 3156!
Caledon Div.; near Caledon, Thom, 1009! Rogers, 11024! Hangklip, Zeyher,
3758! Houw Hoek Mountains, 1500 ft., Burchell, 8136! Galpin, 4525! Zwart-
berg, 2000 ft., Galpin, 4526! Bredasdorp Div. ; Rietfontein, Schlechter, 10592!
Queenstown Div. ; without precise locality, Cooper, 3088 bis! Knysna Div. ;
Milwood, Tyson, 3128! and without precise locality, Zeyher, 4752! Var. B:
Western District, without locality, Cooper, 3081!
KataHArrt Reoion: Transvaal; Magalies Berg, Burke! Basutoland; without
precise locality, Cooper, 3086! (both localities doubtful).
6. G. orbiculata (C. H. Wright); an erect shrub; branches ~
corymbose, erect, glabrous ; leaves opposite, orbicular, 2-3 lin. in
diam., shortly cuspidate, l-nerved, glabrous; flowers few at the
apex of the branches; calyx tomentose outside, pale gamboge
(Burchell) ; tube 8 lin. long, subeylindrical, ribbed ; lobes orbicular,
14 lin. in diam. ; petals 4, anther-like, very thick, 3 lin. long,
shortly stalked ; anthers oblong, 2 lin. long, obtuse.
South Arrica: without locality, Thom, 162!
Coast Recion : Uniondale Div. ; in damp places by the Aapies River, in Long
Kloof, Burchell, 4945!
7. G. oppositifolia (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 358) ; a much-branched
shrub up to 12 ft. high ; branches virgate, slender, glabrous, reddish
when young ; leaves decussate, longer than the internodes, ovate or
ovate-lanceolate, acute, 5 lin. long, 2 lin. wide, quite glabrous,
l-nerved beneath, the upper often reddish especially at the margin ;
flowers in clusters of 4-6 at the branches ; calyx pubescent outside ;
tube 8 lin. long, articulated below, slightly widened upwards,
tibbed ; lobes obovate, obtuse, 1} lin. long, 1 lin. wide; petals 4,
fleshy, 2-lobed in front, 1 lin. long; anthers } lin. long, much
narrower than the petals, all included; ovary 4} lin. long,
compressed, densely hairy at the top; style half as long as the
calyx-tube; stigma capitate. Lam. Encycl. ii. 766, Ill. ¢. 291,
fig. 2; Bot. Reg. t. 2; Bot. Mag. t. 1902; Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 225.
Wikstr. in Vet. Acad. Handl. 1818, 312; Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, ii.
413; Drege, Zwei Pf. Documente, 79, 85, 89; Meisn. in Linnea,
xiv. 431, and in DC. Prodr. xiv. 586; O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. iii.
ii. 281; Bolus & Wolley-Dod in Trans. S. Afr. Phil. Soc. xiv. 316.
G. levigata, Thunb. Prodr. 76, and Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 379 ; Andr.
| “Bot. Rep. t. 89. G. latifolia, Hort. ex Meisn, in Linnza, xiv. 432.
Passerina levigata, Linn, Ameen, Acad. iv. 312, and Sp. PI. ed. ii. 513.
Nectandra tetigata, Berg. Descr. Pl. Cap. 134. Gmnidiopsis oppositi-
Folia, Van Tiegh in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xl. (1893) 76.—Thymelea_ ,
- Foliis planis acutis, etc, Burm. Rar. Afr. Pl. 137, t. 49, fig. 3. ee
. lobes ovate, acute, 24 lin.
: ik Tin, long, glabrous ; ovary compressed, slightly puberulous
48 THYMELAACER (Wright). [ Gnidia.
SoutH AFRICA: without locality, Sieber! Villet! Grey! Bowie! Harvey, 681!
Coast Recion: Tulbagh Div. ; Tulbagh, Pappe, 21! Waterfall, Tyson, 1473!
Mitchells Pass, Pearson, 3519! Worcester Div.; Dutoits Kloof, Drége! Hex
River Vley, Tyson, 806! Paarl Div.; Paarl Mountain, Drége! Cape Div. ;
Muizenberg, Burke! Bolus, 4645! Table Mountain, Drége! Burchell, 559!
Kuntze! Viey north of Constantia Berg, Wolley-Dod, 665! Steen Berg, 900 it.,
Diimmer, 9851 Simons Bay, Wright! Vlagge Berg, Schlechter, 189 ! Stellenbosch
Div. ; Stellenbosch, Ecklon & Zeyher! Lowrys Pass, Burchell, 8253! MacOwan,
Herb, Norm. Austr.-Afr., 246! Swellendam Div. ; mountains near Swellendam,
2000-4000 ft., Mund, 161 17! Burchell, 7400! Riversdale Div. ; Garcias Pass,
900 ft., Galpin, 4528! Paardeberg, Muir in Herb. Galpin, 5321! Corente River
Farm, Muir in Herb. Galpin, 5320! George Div. ; on the Cradock Berg, neat
George, Burchell, 59471! 5958! Knysna Div. ; on mountains near Millwood,
Tyson, 3127 ! Humansdorp Div. ; Kruisfontein, Galpin, 4527! near Humansdorp,
Kennedy! Uitenhage Div. ; Uitenhage, Zeyher, 208! Albany Div. ; along the
rivulet at Grahamstown, Zeyher, 891! Burchell, 3543! MacOwan !
EasTERN Reaion : Griqualand East; Fort Donald, Tyson, 1639 !
8. G. tomentosa (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 358); an erect shrub;
branches terete, dark purple, pubescent when young, Jleaf-scars
prominent ; leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong,
5 lin. long, 2 lin. wide, subobtuse, pilose when young, afterwards
flat and glabrous above, verrucose and 3—5-nerved beneath ; flowers
in terminal heads ; calyx densely silky outside ; tube 8-10 lin. long,
slightly widened upwards ; lobes ovate, subobtuse, 2 lin. long, | lin.
wide ; petals 4, anther-like, slightly bilobed, 1 lin. long, glabrous ;
anthers oblong, $ lin. long ; ovary ovoid, hairy at the top; style
7 lin. long; stigma small. Wikstr. in Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh.
1818, 317; Thunb. Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 381. G. glandulosa, Hayne
ex Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 439. G@. pubescens, Berg. Descr. Pl. Cap.
124; Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 438, and in DC. Prodr. xiv. 581;
Bolus & Wolley-Dod in Trans. S. Afr. Phil. Soc. xiv. 315. G. pune:
tata, Lam. Encyel. ii. 765 ; Drege, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 88. G@_scabra,
Thunb. Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 380. Calycosericos_typica, Eckl. & Zeyh.
ex Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 581.
Sourn Arrica ; without locality, Villet! Burke! Mund! Grey! Milne !
Coast Recion: Cape Div. ; Table Mountain, Pappe! Dréye! Eciilon, 359!
Zeyher, 47341! Burchell, 576! Devils Mountain, 1900 ft., Burchell, 8457!
MacOwan, 560! Miss Kensit! below Constantia Berg, Wolley-Dod, 654! slope on
Fish Hoek, Wolley-Dod, 429! Steen Berg, Wolley-Dod, 1144! 1148! Elsje Peak,
Wolley-Dod, 2993! Muizenberg, near Kalk Bay, 1600 ft., Bolus, 3908! Simons
Bay, Wright! Caledon Diy. ; Houw Hoek, 2000 ft., Schlec. ! in
= si Pahnict Rive. Keklon & Zeyher’ ’ .» Schlechter, 9401 ! mountal
- 9. @. geminiflora (E. Meyer ex Meisn. in Lirmiea, xiv. 441); 4
much-branched undershrub ; branches rather stender, slightly pube-
rulous at the apex ; leaves opposite, lanceolate, 4 lin. long, | lin.
wide, concave, the uppermost slightly hairy, the others quite
glabrous ; flowers in pairs near the apex of the branches; calyx
silky outside ; tube 7 lin. long, ribbed, slightly inflated below ;
long, 1 lin. wide; petals 4, fleshy, bifid,
Gnidia. | THYMELEACES (Wright). 49
above; style excentric, filiform, 3 lin. long; stigma capitate.
Drege, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 95 ; Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 585.
Var. 8, brevifolia (Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 442); uppermost leaves ovate-
lanceolate, 3 lin. long, the lower smaller, ovate, remote ; flowers Poet calyx
6-8 lin. long ; lobes 1 lin. long. AMeisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv, 586. G. geminifora,
Drége, Zwei PA. Documente, 114.
Coast ReGion : Vanrhynsdorp Diy. ; Gift Berg, 1000-2000 ft., Phillips, 7457 !
Clanwilliam Div. ; Clanwilliam, 300 ft., Schlechter, 8010! on mountains around
Kromme River, Cederberg Range, 2900 ft., Bolus, 5810! Tulbagh Div. ; Witzen-
berg, behind Steendahl, 2000-2500 ft., Bolus, 5474!
CENTRAL ReGIon: Calvinia Div. ; “Nieuwoudty ille, Leipoldt, 9385! Willems
River, Leipoldt, 140! 872! Var. 8: Ceres Div. ; between Hex River mountains
and the warm Bokkev eld, 3000-4000 ft., Drége
WESTERN REGION: Little Namaqualand ; between Zwartdoorn River and Groen
tiver, under 1000 ft., Drége!
10. G. Burmanni (Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Meisn, in DC. Prodr. xiv.
583); an undershrub about 8 in. high ; branches slightly spreading,
rather slender, pilose, leaf-scars small but prominent ; leaves opposite,
lanceolate, acute, 3 lin. long, 2 lin. wide, flat, midrib obvious
beneath, adpressed silky-pilose on both surfaces ; flowers terminal,
geminate ; calyx silky outside; tube 4 lin. long, slender, inflated
below, subcylindrical above; lobes lanceolate, acute, 1 lin. long;
petals 4, minute, clavate ; anthers oblong, } lin. long ; ovary ovoid ;
style nearly as long as the calyx-tube; stigma small. Gnidi
Burmanni, Van Tiegh. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xl. (1893) 76.
Coast Recion : Cape Div. ; at the foot of Table Mountain, Ecklon & Zeyher, 11!
Lion Mountain, Ecklon & Zeyher, 13! and 85, ex Meisner, eastern side of the Lions
Rump, Burchell, 146! kloof between the Lions Head and Table Mountain,
Burchell, 278! on the plain between Cape Town and Table Mountain, Burchell, 80!
Stellenbosch Div.; Lowrys Pass, 600 ft., Schlechter, 7812! and without precise
locality, Mund & Maire !
1l. G. wikstremiana (Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 434); a dwarf
shrub; branches patent, short, rigid; leaves opposite, oblong-
lanceolate, subacute, 2 lin. long, § lin. wide, with adpressed silky
hairs on both surfaces ; flowers in small heads near the ends of the
branches ; calyx silky ‘outside ; tube 2 lin. long, ovoid below, sub-
cylindrical above ; lobes oblong, obtuse, 3 lin. long, } lin. wide ;
petals 4, subulate, minute ; anthers oblong ; ovary ovoid, with an
apical tuft of hairs ; style cylindrical, 1} lin. long ; stigma slightly
swollen. Drége, Lavei PA. Documente, 55; Meisn. in DC. Prodr.
xiv. 582. G. stricta, Wiksir. in Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh. 1818,
315. Passerina_ stricta, Thunb. Prodr, 75, and Fl. Cap. ed. Schult.
377.
CeNnTRAL Recion: Graaff Reinet Div.; Sneeuw Berg Range, 4000-5000 ft.,
Drége, 7369!
12. G. penicillata (Lichtenst. ex Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 448); a
subshrub ; branches at first reddish and pubescent, finally glabrous
and nearly smooth ; leaves — linear, Accent up _ : =~ ~
FL. C.—VOL, V.—SECT. II. :
50 THYMELZACES (Wright). [ Gnidia.
and nearly | lin. wide, at first densely white-ciliate on the margins,
otherwise glabrous; flowers 2-6 at the apex of the branches;
calyx silky outside ; tube cylindrical, 4 lin. long, rather slender;
lobes’ ovate, acute, 3 lin. long, 2 lin. wide ; petals 4, membranous,
bifid; ovary compressed laterally; anthers oblong, 3 lin. long;
fruit lenticular, brown with dark small spots. Drége, Zwei Pf.
Documente, 84, and in Linnza, xx. 209; Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv.
582; Bolus & Wolley-Dod in Trans. S. Afr. Phil. Soc. xiv. 315.
Coast Recion: Paarl Div. ; Toll Bar Vley, French Hoek, Grey! Cape Div. ;
Smitswinkel Vley, Wolley-Dod, 768! 1241! Simons Bay, Wright! Klaver Vley,
near Simons Town, 800 ft., Bolus, 7014! Cape Point, 800 ft., Schlechter, 7310!
Stellenbosch Div.; Lowrys Pass, 1000-2000 ft., Drége! Hottentots Holland,
1000-3000 ft., Mund, 13! Zeyher, 3742! Caledon Div.; Vogelgat, 200 ft.,
Schlechter, 9567! Zwart Berg, Ecklon & Zeyher |
13. G. quadrifaria (C. H. Wright); a much-branched shrub;
branches slender, reddish, at first pubescent, leaf-scars moderately
prominent ; leaves approximate, subopposite, narrowly lanceolate,
acuminate, 5 lin. long, nearly 1 lin. wide, distinctly 4-ranked,
glabrous, margins inflexed above, 3-nerved beneath ; flowers few at
the apex of the branches ; calyx yellow, pubescent outside ; tube
4 lin. long ; lobes ovate-lanceolate, 2 lin. long, 1 lin. wide; petals 4,
membranous, about 13 lin, long, | lin. wide; anthers oblong, § lin.
long, the upper exserted on stout filaments 4 lin. long ; ovary
oblong, hairy at the apex ; style nearly as long as the calyx-tube ;
stigma capitate.
asi Ree1on : Humansdorp Div.; Kruisfontein Mountains, 1000 ft., Galpin,
18!
14. G. styphelioides (Meisn. in Linnwa, xiv. 453); a subshrub;
branches obscurely angled, pubescent when young, with moderately
prominent leaf-scars ; leaves opposite, lanceolate, pungent, 5-8 lin.
long, 1-1} lin. wide, flat, glabrous, 3—-5-nerved, involucral wider ;
flowers 1-3, terminal, sessile; calyx yellow, puberulous outside,
pubescent inside ; tube 4} lin. long, funnel-shaped ; lobes oblong,
acute, 2 lin. long, 1 lin. wide ; petals 4, membranous, half as long
as the lobes ; upper anthers exserted, all oblong, 1} lin. long, obtuse ;
ovary ovate, compressed, with a terminal tuft of hairs ; style
excentric, nearly as long as the calxy-tube; stigma capitate.
Drege, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 137; Meisn. in DC. Prods. ay 587.
Epichroxantha pungens, Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Meisn. lc.. and E,_simplex,
TA 2 lok ox Hotes lc. partly. Gnidiopsis styphelinides Van
Tiegh. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, x1. (1893) 76- ;
_ Coast Recion : Uitenhage Div. ;~Zuurl Ra: tk D0—35
tes a Maes: Gokwun Oe et te ange, northern slope, 2500-3500 ft.,
: : Rivers, Ecklon & Zeyher! Van
Stadens River Mountains, Zeyher, 267! 3753 :
Stadens Hoogte, MacOwan, 3056 ! Algoa pa! Fappe, 241 Ecltlon, 68! Van
Ba :
- lpeality, Cooper, 14751 Port Blizbeth Div. > of’ cee sec, Without precine
River, Burchell, 4618! between
; at the upper part of the Maitland
ma and the upper part of Maitland
Gnidia. | THYMELZACES (Wright). 51
River, Burchell, 4597! Port Elizabeth, Miss Cherry, 911! West, 99 ! Albany Div. ;
without precise locality, Atherstone, 90! Alexandria Div.; sandy slopes between
Bushmans River and de Begha, Bennie, 743! Bathurst Div. ; between Kasuga
River and Port Alfred, Burchell, 3979! at the mouth of the Great Fish River,
western side, Burchell, 3744!
15. G. myrtifolia (C. H. Wright); a densely branched shrub ;
branches short, slender, reddish, at first hirsute, soon glabrescent,
leaf-scars small; leaves opposite, approximate, ovate or ovate-
oblong, 5 lin. long, 2-2} lin. wide, acuminate, coriaceous, finely
verrucose on the margins of the upper part, otherwise glabrous,
3—5-nerved beneath; flowers few at the ends of the branches;
calyx pubescent outside ; tube 5 lin. long, narrowly funnel-shaped ;
lobes ovate-lanceolate, acute and thick at the apex, 2 lin. long,
1 lin. wide ; petals 4, membranous, | lin. long, } lin. wide ; anthers
oblong, obtuse, 4 lin. long, the upper exserted on filaments } lin.
long ; ovary ovoid, hairy at the top; style longer than the calyx-
tube, stout ; stigma papillose.
Coast Recion : East London Div. ; plains near Cove Rock, East London, 50 ft.,
Galpin, 3177! hill near Kwenquea River mouth, 300 ft., Galpin, 5803!
16. G. sonderiana (Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 587); a slender
undershrub ; branches densely patent-pubescent ; branchlets densely
white-villous ; leaves opposite, coriaceous, ovate-oblong, attenuate,
subobtuse, margins long white-villous, nerves obscure; flowers
subsolitary, terminal; calyx loosely pilose; lobes ovate, acute,
half as long as the tube; petals membranous, half as long as the
calyx-lobes. Epichroxantha villosa, Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Meisn. Lc.
A
Coast Recton: Caledon Diy. ; amongst rocks, Babylons Tower, Ecklon, 82!
i7. G. tenella (Meisn. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. [1843],
554); stem herbaceous? erect, simple, slender; leaves opposite,
subimbricate, subadpressed, oval-oblong, obtuse, subconcave, densely
covered with silky hairs, 2—4 lin. long and | lin. wide, increasing
upwards to 4-5 lin. by 3 lin.; heads 2~—4-flowered ; calyx 5 lin.
long, hairy outside ; lobes oval, obtuse, scarcely | lin. long ; petals 4,
membranous, entire, rather more than half as long as the calyx-
lobes. Drége in Linnza, xx. 208. G. albicans, var. tenella, Meisn,
in DC. Prodr. xiv. 584. ae
_ Var. 8, elatior (C. H. Wright) ; a sparingly branched shrub, about 1 ft. high ;
leaves oval or oblong, obtuse, 4 lin. long, 2 lin. wide; flowers rather larger than
in the type. G. var. villosissima, Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 436; Drége,
Zwei, Pfl. Documente, 81, 188. . anomala, var. villosissima, Meisn. le. G.
albicans, var. elatior, Meisn, in DC. . xiv. 584.
Sout AFRIcA: without locality, Var. 6: Bergius, 300! Harvey, 682! Zeyher,
1498 ! , :
Coast Recion: Cape Div.; Constantia Berg, 2000 ft., Krauss, 776, Var. B:
Worcester Div.; Dutoits Kloof, 2000-3000 ft., Drége! Cape Div. ; oo
fe PU ae re ee
ticles sib ala card aile
52 THYMELAACEA (Wright). [ Gnidia.
and near Cape Town, below 100 ft., Bolus, 3756! Cape Flats, MacOwan! Stellen-
bosch Div. ; Palmiet River, Zcklon, 10! Hottentots Holland, Pappe !
Centrat Recion: Var. 8: Ceres Div. ; Cold Bokkeveld, 3500 ft., Schlechter,
8930 !
I have not seen G, albicans, var. grandiflora, Meisn. in DC. Prodr, xiv. 584,
from the Stellenbosch mountains (Zcklon, 52 and 91), but it seems to differ from
var, elatior only in its larger size, its flowers reaching a length of 8 or 9 lines.
18. G. chrysophylla (Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 584); branches
slender, glabrous; branchlets silky ; leaves opposite, imbricate,
obtuse, nerveless, densely adpressed golden-silky, the upper scarcely
larger ; heads 2~3-flowered ; calyx 3-4 lin. long, silky ; lobes ovate,
obtuse ; petals 4, rather fleshy, ovate-oblong, entire, half as long as
the calyx-lobes ; ovary puberulous at the apex.
Coast Region: Bredasdorp Div. ; Kars River, Ecklon, 86, Pappe, 15!
19. G. humilis (Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 586); an undershrub |
up to | ft. high; branches loosely pilose, slender, slightly spreading ;
leaves opposite, sessile, herbaceous, oblong, acute at both ends, 3-6
lin. long, 14-2 lin. wide, pilose, hairs fugacious on the surface,
more numerous and persistent longer on the margins, obscurely
l-nerved ; flowers geminate and terminal or solitary in the upper-
most axils; calyx pilose outside; tube 3 lin. long, oblong below,
rather widely funnel-shaped above ; lobes 1 lin. long, ovate ; petals 4,
membranous, ovate, half as large as the lobes; anthers much
longer than broad ; ovary ovoid, hairy at the top; style as long as
the calyx-tube; stigma capitate. Bolus d Wolley-Dod in Trans.
S. Afr. Phil. Soc. xiv, 316.
SoutH AFRICA : bap locality, Bergius !
Coast Recon : Cape Div.: Table Mountain, Ecklon, 89, Bolus, 4497! and in
Herb. Norm. Austr.-Afr., 1354! lower plateau, Wolley-Dod, 919! Simons Bay,
Wright, 36! Stellenbosch Div.; mountains of Lowrys Pass, Burchell, 8210!
Caledon Div. ; Houw Hoek, Schlechter, 7398 !
20. G. juniperifolia (Lam. Encycl. ii. 765); a shrub turning
blackish when dry, entirely glabrous; branches slightly angular,
leaf-scars conspicuous; leaves scattered, linear-subulate, 5—6 lin.
long, plano-convex, smooth; flowers terminal, solitary or more
frequently geminate, surrounded by a cluster of ordinary leaves;
calyx glabrous, 3-4 lin. long; tube dilated above; lobes acute,
nearly as long as the tube.
SoutH Arrica : without locality, Sonnerat.
_This is not the same as G@ juniperifolia described by Meisner in DC. Prodr.
xiv. 587, which is G. subulata, Lam.
21. G. subulata (Lam. Encycl. ii. 765) ; a shrub about 1 ft. high,
much-branched ; branches 4—5 in. long, divided at the apex, pube-
scent when young ; leaves linéar-subulate, slightly concave on the
upper surface, convex on the back, scattered, 5-6 lin. long,
glabrous; flowers 2-3, terminal, scarcely as long as the bracts ;
Gnidia. | THYMELEACE& (Wright). 53
receptacle pilose; calyx glabrous; tube 4 lin. long, narrowly
funnel-shaped, articulated just below the middle; lobes ovate,
acuminate, 1} lin, long, I lin. wide; petals 4, hyaline, lanceolate,
1 lin. long ; upper stamens exserted on filaments 3 lin. long ; ovary
oblong, compressed, shortly hairy at the apex ; style stout, as long
as the calyx-tube; stigma capitate. Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente,
107 ; Meisn. in Linnzea, xiv. 449, and in DC. Prodr. xiv. 587;
Bolus & Wolley-Dod in Trans. 8. Afr. Phil. Soc, xiv.316. @ biflora,
Thunb. Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 380; Wikstr. in Vet. Acad. Handl.
Stockh. 1818, 314. G@. simplex, Linn. Mant. 67 ; Thunb. Fl. Cap. ed.
Schult. 380; Bot. Mag. t. 812. Q@. juniperifolia, Meisn. in Linnea,
xiv. 450, and DC. Prodr, xiv. 587, inel. var. uncinata ; O. Kuntze,
Rev. Gen. Pl. iii. ii. 280. G._viridis, Berg’ Descr. Pl. Cap. 125.
G. pinsfolta, Linn. f. Suppl. 225. G,_acerosa, Gmelin, Syst. 633.
G. Sparrmanni, Martyn in Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. ix. n.10. G. aurea,
Steud. ex Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 451. Epichroxantha juni
and E. simplex, Eckl. & Zeyh., partly, ex Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 587.
Gnidiopsis juniperifolia, and G. subulata, Van Tiegh. in Bull. Soc. Bot.
France, xl. (1895) 76.—Thymelea zxthiopica Passerine foliis, Breyn.
Cent. 10, ¢. 6.
Var. B, pubigera (C. H. Wright); leaves congested at the apex of the
branches, at first ciliate on the margin and pilose on the upper surface.
G, pusper Folia, var, pubigera, Meisn. in Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 87, and
in DC. Prodr, xiv. 587.
SourH Arrica: without locality, Bergius! Sparrman, Sieber, 186! Forster!
Reeves! Grey! Harvey, 689!
Coast Region: Cape Div.; hills and flats around Capetown, Burchell, 27!
124! 152! 725! Bolus, 3069! 3807! 4646! Wolley-Dod, 330! 666! 996.
Zeyher, 3752! Galpin, 4521! Pappe, 2! 8! Ecklon, 363! Schlechter, 218! Mund,
12! Kuntze! Simons Bay, Wright! MacGillivray, 596! Milne, 147! Stellen-
bosch Diy. ; near Stellenbosch, Drége! between Lowrys Pass and Jonkers Hoek,
Burchell, 8328! between Stellenbosch and Somerset West, Drége. Caledon
Div.; Houw Hoek, Zeyher, 3750! Schlechter, 9388! between Villiersdorp and
French Hoek, 1300 ft., Bolus, 5270! mountains of Baviaans Kloof near Gena-
dendal, Burchell, 7802! on Donker Hoek Mountains, Burchell, 7971! 7999!
Riversdale Div. ; hills near Zoetemelks River, Burchell, 6780 ; near waterfall at
Garcias Pass, Burchell, 7019! Var. 8: Paarl Div.; Paarl Mountains, 1000-
2000 ft., Drége! Caledon Div. ; Appels Kraal, near the Zondereinde River,
Zeyher, 3749 |
22. G. variegata (Gandog. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, lx. 417,
1913); an undershrub, 1 ft. or more high; branches adpressed-
tomentose, very densely leafy ; leaves imbricate, straight, linear,
mucronate, keeled, 4—5 lin. long; involucre present ; flowers densely
capitate, purple and pale yellow outside; calyx 5-6 lin. long,
pubescent ; lobes ovate, 1 lin. wide.
Coast Reaton: Port Elizabeth Div.; Port Elizabeth, Laidley in EB. 8. C. A.
Herb., 488.
Allied to G. subulata, Lam. (@. dimidiata, Gandog.).
23, @. Flanagani (C. H. Wright); an erect undershrub, up to
1 ft. high; branches erect, straight, glabrous ; leaves opposite,
. i se ot
D4 THYMELZACE (Wright). [ Gnidia.
ovate-lanceolate, up to 6 lin. long and 23 lin. wide, acute, glabrous,
3-nerved ; flowers in terminal clusters ; calyx glabrous ; tube 5 lin,
long, slightly inflated below, widened above ; lobes ovate, acute,
14 lin. long, 1 lin. wide; petals 4, membranous, 1 lin. long, $ lin.
wide ; anthers 4 lin. long, upper exserted on short thick filaments ;
ovary oblong, compressed ; style as long as the calyx-tube, rigid;
stigma penicillate.
Coast Recion : Komgha Div. ; grassy hills near Keimouth, Flanagan, 621 ;
Eastern Recion: Transkei; grassy slopes, Kentani, 50 ft., Miss Pegler, 32!
Pondoland ; grassy places between Umkwani and Omsakabo, Z'yson, 2636!
This is at once distinguished from @. coriacea, Meisn., by its branches being
erect and parallel, instead of divergent.
24, G. coriacea (Meisn. in Linnwa, xiv. 454); a much-branched
shrub, glabrous in all its parts; branches short, divergent, slender,
terete, smooth, leaf-scars inconspicuous; leaves opposite, sessile,
ovate-oblong to nearly lanceolate, acute, submucronate, up to 9 lin.
long and 23 lin. wide, obtuse at the base, l-nerved on the upper
side, 3-5-nerved beneath, dark brown when dry; involucral leaves
slightly larger; flowers 2-4 in terminal heads shorter than the
involucre ; calyx glabrous; tube 4 lin. long, slightly widening
upwards, smooth ; lobes ovate-oblong, 14 lin. long, 1 lin. wide,
acute; petals 4, subhyaline, elliptic, half as long as the lobes;
_ upper anthers exserted ; ovary ovoid, compressed, with a terminal
tuft of hairs ; style excentric, as long as the calyx-tube ; stigma capl
tate. Drége, Zwei Pf. Documente, 135 ; Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 586.
Epichroxantha ovata, Eckl. d: Zeyh. ex Meisn. in DC, Prodr. xiv. 586.
Gnidiopsis coriacea,Van Tiegh. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, x1.(1893) 76.
Coast Recion: Uniondale Div. ; Long Kloof, between Avontuur and the
sources of the Keurbooms River, Burchell, 5040! Bolus, 2444! on a rocky
near Haarlem, Burchell, 5021! Uitenhage Div.; Zuur Berg Range, between
Enon and Drie Fontein, 2000-3000 ft., Drege! Van Stadens Berg, Zeyher, 3754!
and without precise locality, Zeyher, 355! Albany Diy. ; Bothas Hill, MacOwan,
191!
ew Meisn. l.c.
France, xl. (1893) 76.
~ Coast Reaion : Piquetberg Diy. ; Piquet Berg, 1500-3000 ft., Drege ex Meisner. —
Caledon Div. ; on sidec ob measles ee Gone and Appels Kraal by the —
Zondereinde River, Zeyher, 1437b!
Gnidia. | THYMELAACES (Wright). 55
CeNnTRaL Recon: Ceres Div. ; between Witzenberg Range and Skurfdeberg,
Zeyher, 1487 !
26. G. decurrens (Meisn. in Linnmwa, xiv. 451); an undershrub,
under 1 ft. high, much-branched from the base, quite glabrous ;
branches ascending or slightly spreading, bearing very slender
obscurely 4-angled branchlets, leaf-scars rather prominent ; leaves
opposite, linear-lanceolate, 4 lin. long, 4-1 lin. wide, acute,
flat, 1-nerved ; towers terminal ; calyx glabrous; tube 2} lin. long,
narrow at the very base, widely campanulate and 1} lin. wide
above; lobes oblong, obtuse, 2 lin. long, 2 lin. wide; petals 4,
membranous, half as long as the lobes ; anthers oblong, obtuse, } lin.
long ; style as long as the calyx-tube ; stigma rather small, capitate.
Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 88,89 ; Meisn. in DO. Prodr. xiv. 588 ;
O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. iii. ii. 280; Bolus & Wolley-Dod in
Trans. S. Afr. Phil. Soc. xiv. 316. @. biflora, Thunb. Prodr. 76,
and Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 380? LEpichrowantha biflora,.Eckl. & Zeyh.
ex Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 588. Gnidiopsis decurrens, Van Tiegh.
in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, x1. (1893) 76. ;
SourH Arrica: without locality, Wallich! Grey! Forbes! Si
Coast Recon: Cape Div. ; Table Mountain, Burchell, 422! Rogers, 1072!
Drége! Wolley-Dod, 1726! Galpin, 4520! Bolus, 4194! Ecklon & Zeyher !
Cooper, 2296! Red Hill, Wolley-Dod, 3020! Wynberg, 800-900 ft., Mund, 11! _
Wolley-Dod, 411! Devils Mountain, Pappe, 30! Drége, Wilms, 3583! Wolley-Dod, —
417! Stellenbosch Div. ; Lowrys Pass, Schlechter, 7801! Kuntze! Caledon
Div.; Houw Hoek, 900 ft., Phallips, 51! Albany Div.; Grahamstown, Glass,
664! Misses Daly d& Sole, 482!
27. G. Galpini (C. H. Wright); diffusely branched ; branches
glabrous, reddish, wiry; leaves opposite, oblong-lanceolate, acu-
minate, 6 lin. long, 1} lin. wide, glabrous, punticulate below,
margins involute above; flowers geminate at the apex of the
branches ; calyx glabrous; tube 33 lin. long, cylindrical below,
rather widely funnel-shaped above ; lobes ovate, obtuse, 14 lin. long,
1 lin. wide; petals 4, membranous, elliptic, obtuse, 1 lin. long,
3 lin. wide, hyaline ; anthers shortly oblong, obtuse, } lin. long, the
upper exserted on short stiff filaments ; ovary oblong, compressed,
with a terminal tuft of hairs; style as long as the calyx-tube,
wiry ; stigma penicillate.
Coast Region: Riversdale Div. ; Garcias Pass, 1200 ft., Galpin, 4519!
This resembles G. styphelioides, Meisn., but differs in having a glabrous
28. G. pallida (Meisn. in Linnza, xiv. 442); branch nearly
1 it. long; branchlets nearly filiform, quite glabrous, internodes
1-2 lin. long, leaf-scars tooth-like ; leaves alternate, erect or slightly
spreading, linear-lanceolate, acute, 4-6 lin. long, 4-1 lin. wide, flat
or with recurved margins, ashy-green, glabrous, l-nerved, upper
leaves nearly verticillate; flowers surrounded at the base with
white hairs; calyx 6-7 lin. long, glabrous; tube slender, almost _
56 THYMELHACEE (Wright). [ Gnidia.
filiform at the middle, narrowly funnel-shaped above ; lobes ovate
or ovate-oblong, acuminate, 1} lin. long, sparingly hairy outside ;
petals 8, rather fleshy, oblong, obtuse, 3 lin. Jong, inserted in pairs ;
anthers half as long as the petals, the upper exserted. Drége,
Zwei Pfl. Documente, 154; Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 588.
Eastern Recron: Pondoland ; in grassy places near the mouth of the Umtentu
River, Drége, 4667.
29. G. thesioides (Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 457); branches slender,
at first pilose, terete, straight, corymbosely branched above, leaf-
scars small, but rather prominent ; leaves alternate, rarely opposite
or whorled, linear or nearly lanceolate, rather obtuse, flat, 1-nerved,
glabrous, 3-9 lin. long, }—2 lin. wide; flowers solitary (rarely
geminate) in the axils of the upper leaves; calyx densely hairy
outside ; tube about 3 lin. long, inflated below, narrowly funnel-
shaped above, 2 lin. in diam. at the top; lobes rounded, } lin. long
and wide; petals 8, clavate, half as long as the lobes; anthers
about as large as the petals, obtuse ; ovary compressed, hairy at
' the apex ; style 1} lin. long ; stigma subcapitate; fruit surrounded
by the ovoid pubescent base of the calyx. Meisn. in DC. Prodr.
xiv. 590.
Var. f, laxa (Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 590); stems very slender, internodes:
4-8 lin. long; leaves narrower than in the type, distant. Se thestoiles, Dass
Zwei Pf. Documente, 136. Grcewrulea, Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Meisn. l.c.
Var. y, condensata (Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 590); stem and branches short,
straight, rigid ; leaves subcoriaceous, densely crowded, somewhat adpressed.
South Arrica: without locality, Forster! Bowker! Var. y: Ludwig ex
Meisner.
Coast Recion: Riversdale Div. ; by the Zoetemelks River, Burchell, 6606!
6807 ! near Riversdale, 650 ft., Bolus, 11368! Uitenhage Div. ; near Uitenhage,
Burehell, 4267! Addo, Zeyher, 3773! Albany Div.; Dassies Klip, between
Grahamstown and Port Elizabeth, Bolus, 2679! Bathurst Div. ; Trapps Valley,
Miss Daly, 610! Albany Div. ; Grahamstown, Glass, 549! Sandy Drift, Moss
Daly, 58! at Kurukuru River, Burchell, 3528! between Zwartwater Poort and
the east end of Zwartwater Berg, Burchell, 3446! and without precise locality,
Zeyher, 847 1 Fort Beaufort Div. ; Kat River, Bartelo! King Williamstown Div. ;
near King Williamstown, 1500 ft., Z’yson, 2233! Flanagan, 2176! Komgha Div. ;
Kei River, near Komgha, 1800 ft., Flanagan, 1363! British Kaffraria ; without
precise locality, Cooper, 29! 424! Var. 6: Cape Div.; Vyges Kraal River,
Wolley-Dod, 3409! near Claremont, Diimmer, 1670! Swellendam Div. ; near
Swellendam, Zeyher, 1499! Riversdale Div.; Garcias Pass, Bolus, 11370! dry
Dros The Spiegel River, Burchell, 7204! Uitenhage Div. ; near Bontjes River,
30. G. fastigiata (Rendle in Trans. Linn. Soe. ser. 2, iv. 41); 4
subshrub, up to 10 in. high; branches ascending, pubescent ; leaves
alternate, approximate, suberect, lanceolate, up to 5 lin. long and
1 lin. wide, acute, 1-nerved, glabrous ; flowers solitary or several on
short axillary branches ; bracteoles 14 lin. long, oblong, pubescent ;
pale blue (Sankey), silky-pubescent ; tube 4 lin. long, spindle-shaped
in the lower half, funnel-shaped above ; lobes ovate, obtuse, ? lin.
long ; petals 8, } lin. long, oblong, obtuse, alternating with tufts of
Gnidia. | THYMELZACE (Wright). 57
short hairs ; ovary ovoid, compressed, hairy ; style lateral, variable
in length ; stigma small. Pearson in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 222.
G. Holstit, Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xix, 257, partly ; var. kilimandscharica,
Gilg in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 283.
Karanart Reeron: Orange Free State; Harrismith, Sankey, 224! Transvaal ;
summit of Saddleback Mountain, Barberton, 5000 ft., Galpin, 1088!
EasTERN Reeron: Natal; Tabamhlope, Wylie in Herb. Wood, 10528!
Also in Tropical Africa,
31. G. racemosa (Thunb. Prodr. 76) ; a glabrous shrub, 2 ft. high ;
branches sparse, long, green; branchlets filiform, virgate, sub-
fastigiate, lax, short ; leaves ovate, obovate or obovate-lanceolate,
5-6 lin. long, 2-3 lin. wide, obtuse, glabrous, unequal, erecto- patent,
the lower larger, subpetiolate ; flowers racemose, axillary towards
the apex of the branches; calyx hirsute, 5 lin. long; petals 8,
anther-like, glabrous, yellow ; anthers yellow, sessile. Thunb. Fl.
Cap. ed. Schult, 380 ; Wikstr. in Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh. 1818, 315 ;
Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 102; Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 456, and
in DC. Prodr. xiv. 590.
Coast Recion: Malmesbury Div.; Laauwskloof, under 1000 ft., Drége.
32. G. linoides (Wikstr. in Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh. 1818,
316); plant up to 8 in. high, branched from the base; branches.
very slender, glabrous ; leaves opposite, linear-subulate, 3 lin. long,
+ lin. wide, acute ; flowers terminal, solitary ; calyx-tube pubescent,
2} lin. long, the lower third ovoid and firm, the upper part long-
funnel-shaped and fleshy; lobes oblong, acute, 1} lin. long, } lin.
wide, pubescent outside; petals 4, bilobed, } lin. long; anthers
oblong ; ovary oblong, 4 lin. long, hairy at the apex ; style nearly
as long as the calyx-tube. Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 87 ; Meisn. in
Linnea, xiv. 449, and DC. Prodr. xiv. 582, incl. var. major ; Drége in
Linnea, xx. 209 ; Bolus & Wolley-Dod in Trans. 8. Afr. Phil. Soe. xiv.
316. Calycoseris linearifolia, Eckl. & Zeyh.ea Drege in Linnza,xx. 209.
Gnidiopsis linoides, Van Tiegh. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, x1. (1893) 76.
Soutu Arrica: without locality, Zeyher, 69; Harvey, 421!
Coast Region: Worcester Div. ; on the mountains above Worcester, Rehmann,
2430! Paarl Div.; Paarl Mountains, 1000-2000 ft., Drége! French Hoek,
3000 ft., Schlechter, 9309! Cape Div.; by a swamp in Orange Kloof, Wolley-Ded,
2524! Stellenbosch Div.; Lowrys Pass, 2000 ft., Schlechter, 7243! Caledon
Div. ; Grietjesgat, near the Palmiet River, 700 ft., Bolus, 4192! on the shore of
the River Zondereinde, near Appelskraal, Zeyher, 3774! Riversdale Div. ; along
the river at Garcias Pass, Burchell, 7042!
Katanart Recion: Transvaal; Pretoria, Purtt-Davy, 685! Rustenberg,
Miss Pegler, 977 ! = : :
Meisner says that the type is herbaceous and the variety major suffruticose, but.
that his specimens of the latter are imperfect.
33, G. Cayleyi (C. H. Wright); plant 2-8 in. high, woody ;
branches straight, slender, pubescent; leaves opposite, elliptic
oblong, acute, 3} lin. long, } lin. wide, glabrous ; flowers solitary
58 THYMEL/ACEE (Wright). | Gnidia.
at the apex of the branches ; calyx adpressed-silky outside ; tube
21 lin. long, ovoid below, funnel-shaped above; lobes elliptic,
1} lin. long, ? lin. wide, acute; petals 8, minute, much smaller
than the anthers ; anthers oblong, } lin. long, obtuse ; ovary com-
pressed, glabrous ; style excentric, filiform, nearly as long as the
calyx-tube ; stigma penicillate. :
SourH Arrica: without locality, Herb. Caley in Herb. Kew!
This much resembles @. parvula, Wolley-Dod, but differs in the small petals.
A note on the sheet states that it agrees with a specimen in the Berlin Herbarium,
collected on Table Mountain by Bergius.
34, G. obtusissima (Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 432) ; branches virgate,
pilose when young, leaf-scars prominent, rather distant; leaves
opposite, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, 4 lin. long, 1-1} lin. wide,
coriaceous, convex or complicate, glabrous, midrib prominent
beneath; involucral leaves rather longer, ovate; calyx pubescent
outside ; tube 6 lin. long, slightly widened upwards, ribbed ; lobes
ovate, obtuse, 2 lin. long, 1} lin. wide; petals 8, half as long as the
lobes, oblong, obtuse, rather fleshy ; anthers oblong, acute, 1 lin.
long. Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 589. G. dichotoma, Gilg in Engl.
Jahrb. xix. 264, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 6 A, 227.
G._obtusifolia, Bartl. ex Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 461. Gnidiopsis —
obtusissima, Van Tiegh. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xl. (1898) 76.
Coast Recion: Caledon Div. ; Hangklip, 3000-4000 ft., Mund & Maire! near
Caledon, 3000-4000 ft., Heklon & Zeyher, 97 ex Meisner. Knysna Div. ; near
Bitou River, Burchell, 5297! Uitenhage Div.; between Sunday River and
Coega River, Zeyher ex Meisner.
Western Recion: Little Namaqualand; Roodeberg, 3000-4000 ft., Drege,
7359, ex Meisner.
_-
35. G. ericoides (C. H. Wright); a dwarf heath-like shrub;
branches erect, stout, at first pubescent ; leaves opposite, approxl —
mate, linear-oblong, 3 lin. long, } lin. wide, obtuse, slightly pubescent _
at first, soon quite glabrous ; flowers clustered at the ends of the —
branches ; calyx adpressed-silky cutside; tube 6 lin. long, ovoid
below, contracted at the middle, funnel-shaped above, strongly
ribbed ; lobes ovate, acute, 2 lin. long, 1} lin. wide; petals 8,
anther-like, oblong, obtuse, 1 lin. long, glabrous; anthers $ lin.
long, obtuse ; ovary ovoid, hairy at the apex; style filiform, 3 lin.
long ; stigma penicillate.
Coast Recion: Riversdale Diy. ; Tygerfontein, 600 ft., Galpin, 4523!
36. G. parvula (Wolley-Dod in Journ. Bot. 1901, 401); dwarf,
branched from the base ; branches up to 4 in. long, virgate, glabrous ;
leaves alternate or subopposite, longer than the internodes, sessile
or very shortly petioled, erect, narrowly lanceolate, acute, glabrous, —
l-nerved, 3-5 lin. long, $-1 lin. wide; flowers 6-8 in an apical —
cluster ; calyx sparingly hairy outside; tube 4 lin. long, ovoid
below, cylindrical above, slender ; lobes ovate, obtuse, 1 lin. long
Guidia. | THYMELZACEH (Wright). 59
petals 8, oblong, as long as the lobes ; anthers small ; ovary com-
pressed, glabrous; style 24 lin. long; stigma capitate. Bolus &
Wolley-Dod in Trans. S. Afr. Phil. Soc. xiv. 316.
Coast Rrcion: Cape Div.; by the Signal Station on Lions Mountain near
Cape Town, Wolley-Dod, 2928 !
This species much resembles Arthrosolen lazus, E. Meyer.
——————
37. G. polystachya (Berg. Descr. Pl. Cap. 123) ; a shrub, 1-4 ft.
high, of variable habit ; branches sometimes long and simple, at
others short and corymbosely or racemosely arranged, pilose when
young, leaf-scars small, but rather prominent; leaves alternate,
closely placed, linear-lanceolate, subacute, 4 lin. Jong, } lin. wide,
l-nerved, flat or slightly keeled, quite glabrous ; flowers in clusters
of 6-< at the ends of the branches; calyx pilose; tube 3} lin.
long, narrowly ovoid and strongly ribbed in the lower half, narrowly
funnel-shaped above ; lobes ovate, obtuse, 14 lin. long, 2? lin. wide ;
petals 8, half as long as the lobes, anther-like, shortly stalked,
emarginate ; anthers } lin. long; ovary oblong, compressed, hairy
at the apex; style of variable length; stigma capitate. Thunb. Fl.
Cap. ed. Schult. 380 ; Bot. Mag. t. 8001 ; Gard. Chron. 1907, xli. 294,
Jig. 120. G_carinata, Thunb. Prodr. 76; Wikstr. in Vet. Acad.
Handl. Stockh. 1818, 312; Meisn.in DC. Predr. xiv. 588; Bolus &
Wolley-Dod in Trans. S. Afr. Phil. Soc. xiv. 316. G. pinifolia,
Wendl. Beobacht. 15, t. 2, fig. 11, not Linn. G. simplex, Andr. Bot.
Rep. t. 70; Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 30, 123; Herb. Amat. ii.
128. G.imberbis, Dry. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, ii. 412; Bot. Mag.
t. 1463; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1958. Thymelina sim lex, Hoffmansegg,
Verzeich. 198. Daphne squarrosa; = Sp. Br ed. i. 3582—
hymeleea capitata, lanuginosa, foliis creberrimis, ete., Burm. Pl. Afr.
Rar. , t. 49, fig. 1 (flowers drawn as pedicelled).
Var. 8, congesta (C. H. Wright); habit much more dense than in the type ;
flowers in the axils of the upper leaves, less distinctly capitate; calyx 3 lin.
long.
SovutH AFRIcA: without locality, Thunberg, Thom, 49! a
Coast Reoron: Cape Div. ; Bosky Dell, near Simonstown, Bodkin in Herb.
Wolley-Dod, 870! Caledon Div. ; Hawston, Schlechter, 9465! Hermanuspieters-
fontein, Bolus, 9842! Robertson Div.; Kochmans Kloof, 800 ft., Mund, 15!
Riversdale Div. ; Plattebosch, Muir in Herb. Galpin., 5322! near Milkwood
Fontein, 600 ft., Galpin, 4524! Gysmans Hoek, Muir, 500! Mossel Bay Div. ;
rocky and sandy hills near the landing place at Mossel Bay, Burchell, 6291!
Rogers, 4200! between Little Brak River and Hartenbosch, Burchell, 62181
Driefontein and Mossel Bay, under 500 ft., Drége! George Div. ; George, Bolus,
2441! Uitenhage Div. ; Zwartskops River, under 100 ft., Drége! valley and hills
of the Zwartkops River from Villa Paul Mare to Uitenhage, 50-500 it., Zeyher,
8771! 3772! Redhouse, Mrs. Paterson, 2344! Port Elizabeth Div. ; Port
Elizabeth, Burchell, 4376! Algoa Bay, Forbes! Bathurst Div. ; at the source of
the Kasuga River, Burchell, 3907! between Kasuga River and Port Alfred, —
Burchell, 3965! mouth of the River Kowie, MacOwan, $35! Albany Div. ;
Grahamstown, Misses Daly & Ble, 506 ! aoe near Sidbury, Miss Daly,
787 ! and without precise locality, Zeyher, ! ast :
KALAHARI Remowr Var Be Sanes River Colony ; Mont aux Sources, 9500-
11000, Flanagan, 2023! Evans, 761! = ee
60 THYMELZACEX (Wright). | Gnidia.
38. G. scabra (Thunb. Prodr. 74); erect, shrubby, | ft. or more
high ; branches subverticillate, at first pubescent, soon glabrous,
leaf-scars smal] and prominent; leaves alternate or subopposite,
linear-lanceolate, acute, glabrous, about 3 lin. long and $ lin. wide;
flowers few, terminal or in the axils of the uppermost leaves ; calyx
densely hairy outside, white (Bolus); tube 4 lin. long, slightly
inflated below, subcylindrical above, faintly ribbed ; lobes broadly
ovate, about 14 lin. long; petals 8, subulate, | lin. long ; anthers
1 lin. long, obtuse ; ovary compressed, hairy at the apex ; style
excentric, nearly as long as the tube; stigma capitate. Thunb. Fi.
Cap. ed. Schult. 380; Wikstr. in Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh. 1818,
313; Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 460, and in DC. Prodr. xiv. 585.
G. priestleyefolia, Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 585.
Gnidiopsis scabra, Van Tiegh. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, x1. (1893) 76.
ee ALLER OL ETE : pid naan PRT aie
South Arrica: without locality, Thunberg, Thom, 2321! 276! Zeyher, 1496!
Coast Recion: Worcester Div.; Tafelberg, Hex River, Pappe, 10! Bolus,
5811! near Touws River, Bolus, Herb, Norm. Austr.-Afr., 1092! Swellendam
Div. ; between Kochmans Kloof and Gouritz River, Pappe, 19!
Centra Recion: Ceres Div. ; between Hottentots Kloof and Karroo Poort,
Pearson, 4809! Verkerde Vley, Rehmann, 2848! Calvinia Div, ; near stream-bed
in plains on Roggeveld above Blaukrantz Pass, 2500 ft., Pearson, 4983! 4985 !
bed of Doorn River, Pearson, 3889! Karieboomfontein, 2500 ft., near dam,
Pearson, 4982!
39. G. setosa (Wikstr. in Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh. 1818,
315); an erect shrub; branches terete, erecto-patent, glabrous ;
leaves alternate, lanceolate, 4-9 lin. long, } lin. wide, acute oF
pungent, 1- (or inconspicuously 3-) nerved, “glabrous ; flowers in
terminal clusters which elongate into spikes; calyx silky outside,
densely so at the base; tube 34 lin. long, subcylindrical ; lobes
oblong, obtuse, } lin. long, } lin. wide; petals 8, subulate, slightly
shorter than the calyx-lobes ; anthers oblong, } lin. long; ovary
hairy at the apex; style 3 lin. long ; stigma subcapitate. Meisn.
in Linnea, xiv. 447, and in DC. Prodr. xiv. 590. G. caledonica,
Eckl. & Zeyh., and G. stricta, Eckl. & Zeyh. (partly) in DC. Prodr.
ee Seip Passerina setosa, Thunb. Prodr. 75, and Fl. Cap. ed.
Coast ReGion : Cape Div. ; Paardeberg, Thunherg. Caledon Div. ; mountains: 7
between Zwartberg and Ganze Kraal, Zeyher, 3768! Riversdale Div. ; without —
precise locality, Rust, 146!
40. G. Woodii (C. H. Wright); erect ; branches virgate, at fires |
with a few long hairs, soon glabrous, leaf-scars small; leaves —
alternate, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 10 lin. long, 1-14 lin.
wide, acuminate, quite glabrous, l-nerved ; flowers few at the ape*
of the branches ; calyx hirsute outside, yellow (Wylie); tube 8 lin.
long, slightly inflated below, cylindrical above ; lobes ovate, 2 lin.
long, } lin. wide, acute; petals 8, lanceolate, thick, 1 lin. long,
3 lin. wide ; anthers oblong, obtuse, } lin, long; ovary oblong,
hairy at the apex ; style 6 lin. long; stigma capitate. |
Sl a ala aaa aaa OR eee
[
[
Gnidia. | THYMELAACE (Wright). 61
Eastern Recion : Griqualand East! near Fort Donald, 5000 ft., Tyson, 1639!
Natal; on grassy slopes, Inanda, Wood, 153! 755! near Pinewood, Wood!
Zululand ; Ingotye, Wood! and without precise locality, 4000-5000 ft., Wylie,
in Herb. Wood., 9014!
41. G. Baurii (C. H. Wright); a diffuse undershrub ; branches
slender, weak, pilose at first, Jeaf-scars small but prominent ; leaves
opposite, lanceolate, acuminate, 6 lin. long, 14 lin. wide, adpressed-
silky on the undersurface, glabrous above ; flowers geminate, at the
ends of the branches ; calyx silky outside; tube 4 lin. long, ovoid
below, narrowly funnel-shaped above ; lobes ovate, about 1 lin. long
and 3 lin. wide, acute ; petals 8, oblong, obtuse, } lin. long, rather
thick ; anthers shortly oblong, very small, the upper exserted on
short slender filaments; ovary oblong, hairy at the top; style
slender, shorter than the calyx-tube ; stigma small.
EasTERN Region: Tembuland ; Bazeia Mountain, 3500 ft., Baur, 732!
42. G. stellatifolia (Gandog. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 1x. 417,
1913); pubescent, subincanescent ; branches virgate, 2 ft. long;
leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, not or obscurely nerved, the lower
erect, upper verticillate, spreading-stellate, keeled on the back ;
inflorescence capitate, involucrate ; flowers shorter than the leaves ;
calyx-lobes ovate, adpressed-tomentose outside, yellow.
EastTERN Recion: Natal; Pinetown, Wood, 6489,
Differs from . nodiflora, Meisn., in the indumentum, the obscurely 3-nerved
patent upper leaves and the calyx being less hairy outside,
43. G. sparsiflora (Bartl. ex Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 462); a
shrub, 1 ft. or more high ; branches few, suberect, branched at the
apex; leaves alternate, subimbricate, adpressed, linear-lanceolate,
acute, subhirsute when young, finally glabrous, 3 lin. long,
attenuate at the base ; flowers solitary in the axils of the congested
upper leaves; calyx 6 lin. long, silky-tomentose ; tube filiform ;
lobes a quarter as long as the tube, broadly ovate, subacute ; petals
8, membranous ?, oblong, glabrous, one-third as long as the calyx-
lobes. Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 591.
Coast Recion: George Div. ; Outeniqua, without collector's name.
44. G. nodiflora (Meisn. in Linnza, xiv. 458, incl. var. verticillata) ;
an undershrub, up to 1 ft. high, branched from the base ; branches
erect, terete, densely pilose above, glabrous below, leaf-scars not
prominent; leaves alternate, subopposite or verticillate, linear-
oblong, acute, rarely obtuse, 3-6 lin. long, 1 lin. wide, usually flat,
at first densely hairy, glabrescent ; flowers in sessile terminal or
axillary clusters; calyx densely silky outside ; tube 2} lin. long,
inflated below ; lobes ovate, acute, } lin. long, $ lin. wide ; petals 8,
linear, half as long as the calyx-lobes; anthers } lin. long,
62 THYMEL@ACES (Wright). [Gnidia —
rounded at both ends; ovary compressed, pubescent ; style as long —
as the calyx-tube ; stigma capitate. Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 584;
Drege, Zwei Pfl. Docwmente, 124, 145, and in Linnea, xx. 209; —
O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. iii. ii. 280. G. ceespitosa, Eckl. & Zeyh. ew —
Drége in Linnea, xx. 209. a
SoutH AFRICA: without locality, Mund! Krebs, 289! : 4
Coast Recion: Vanrhynsdorp Div. ; Olifants River, Ecklon & Zeyher! Rivers-
dale Div. ; Paardeberg, Muir in Herb. Galpin., 5319! Riversdale, Rust, 148 | and 4g
without precise locality, Zeyher, 3768! George Div.; near George, Burchell,
5996! Zuur Flats, Tyson, 1470! Hoogekraal River, on mountains under 1000 ft.,
Drége, 3539 ! Knysna Div.; Homtini Pass, 800 ft., Galpin, 4522! near Vilugt, @
Bolus, 2442! Uitenhage Div. ; Uitenhage, Zeyher! between Addo and Kraka-
kamma; Zeyher, 3770! Bathurst Div.; between Blue Krantz and Kaffir Drift
Military Post, Burchell, 3702! between Kasuga River and Port Alfred, Burchell,
3957! Albany Div. ; Grahamstown, Glass! Misses Daly & Sole, 277! 507! 848!
Rockcliffe near Sidbury, Miss Daly, 839! Queenstown Div.; mountains near
Queenstown, 3600-4000 ft., Galpin, 1570! Stockenstrom Div. ; Willowsdale,
Scully, 81! Old Katberg Pass, Galpin, 2409! East London Div. ; East London,
Rattray, 118! King Williamstown Diy.; Perie Forest, Kuntze! Komgha Div.;
grassy hills near Komgha, Flanagan, 326! British Kaffraria ; without precise
locality, Cooper, 118! 403! Mossel Bay Div. ; Ruyterbosh, Mrs. Britton, 155!
CENTRAL Recton : Somerset Div. ; Bosch Berg, MacOwan, 1880! and without
precise locality, Bowker !
Eastern Recon: Transkei; between Gcua River and Bashee River, Drége!
Kentani, Miss Pegler, 1156! Tembuland; Little Bush, 4000 ft., Roygie, 172!
Natal ; near Newcastle, Wilms, 2249! Pinetown, Wood, 5489!
Meisner in DC. Prodr. l.c. states that his variety verticillata cannot be:
maintained,
45. G. strigillosa (Meisn. in Linnza, xiv. 459); a dwarf shrub,
branched from the base ; branches erect, slender, pubescent ; leaves
opposite, linear-oblong, acute, 5 lin. long, 1 lin. wide, with long
straight scattered hairs when young ; flowers few at the apex of the
branches ; calyx densely long-hairy outside ; tube 4 lin. long ; ovoid
below, cylindrical above ; lobes oblong, acute, the outer 2 lin. long,
the inner rather shorter ; petals 8, short, subulate ; anthers small;
style 2} lin. long; stigma small. Drége, Zwei Pf. Docwmente, 47;
Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 583; O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. iii. ii. 231.
G. caffra, Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 584.
Coast Recion: Swellendam Div. ; Swellendam, Kuntze! Cathcart Div. +
Blesbok Flats, near Windvogel Mountains, Dréve |
46. G. sericea (Linn. Syst. ed. xii. 272) ; an erect shrub ; branches
densely silky-pubescent, finally with raised leaf-scars; leaves
densely imbricate, uniform, opposite, oval, 3 lin. long, 14 lin. wide ;
densely adpressed silky on both surfaces when young, the uppe?
soon becoming glabrous, veins obscure; flowers few at the apex of
the branches, surrounded by an involucre of about 4 leaves similar
to the lower ones ; calyx pubescent outside; tube 44 lin. long,
slightly inflated below, subcylindrical above; lobes ovate, 1 lin.
long, } lin. wide, subobtuse ; petals 8, subulate, } lin. long ; anthers
oblong, small ; ovary ovoid, compressed ; style excentric, as long a5
Gnidia. | THYMELEACE (Wright). 63
the calyx-tube ; stigma subcapitate. Wikstr. in Vet. Acad. Handl.
Stockh. 1818, 318; Wendl. Bot. Beobacht. 16, t. 2, fig. 13 ; Thunb.
Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 381 ; Lam. Encycl. ii. 766, and Ii. t. 291, fig. 3;
Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 435, and in DC. Prodr. xiv. 583 (inel. var.
vulgaris partly). Passerina_ sericea, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 513. P.
Thunbergii, Wikstr. in Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh. 1818, 343. Nee-
andra _ sericea, Berg. Descr. Pl. Cap. 131. Thymelina sericea,
Hoffmannsegg, Verzeich. 199, in obs.—Thymelea sericea, foliis oblongis,
ete., Burm. Rar, Afr. Pl. 135, t. 49, fig. 2.
Var. 8, hirsuta (Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 583); leaves oval-oblong, obtuse,
4 lin. long, 1-14 lin. wide, the uppermost wider, all densely silky-hirsute. G.
sericea, var. vulgaris, Meisn.l.c., partly. G,nana and G. phylicifolia, Eckl. & Zeyh.
ex Meisn. l.e. G@. cyanea, Burch. Trav. 8S. Afr. i. 255, 257. G. azureo, Meisn, in
Linnea, xiv. 435, and in DC. Prodr. xiv. 583. _@. sericea, Bolus & Wolley-Dod
in Trans. S. Afr. Phil. Soc, xiv. 316.
SoutH AFrrica : without locality, Forster! Var. 8B: Pappe! Forster! Mund, 20!
Harvey, 680!
Coast REGION: Cape Diy. ; Rosebank near Cape Town, Bolus, 3699 ! Worcester
Div.; Touws River Railway Station, 3000 ft., Bolus, 7452! Swellendam Div. ;
near Swellendam, Zeyher, 3760! 3761! Albany Diy. ; Grahamstown, MacOwan !
Schénland, 1713! Var. 8: Cape Div. ; near Cape Town, Burchell, 480! Simons
Bay, Wright! Devils Peak, above Newlands, Wilms, 3586! by waterfall,
Wolley-Dod, 3418; Caledon Div. ; Hemel in Aarde, 1000 ft., Schlechter, 10376
Riversdale Div. ; between Garcias Pass and Krombeks River, Burchell, 7173!
Paardeberg, Muir in Herb. Galpin., 5317! banks of Vet River, Muir, 287! Mossel
Bay Div. ; between Mossel Bay and Zout River, Burchell, 6325! between Zout
River and Dwyka River, Burchell, 6362! west bank of Great Brak River, Burchell,
6152! George Div. ; tops of mountains, Ecklon & Zeyher, 20! Knysna Div. ;
between Keurbooms River and Bitou River, Burchell, 5261! Plettenberg Bay,
Zeyher, 1483! Pappe! Uniondale Div. ; Lange Kloof, Bolus, 1764! Uitenhage
Div. ; Uitenhage, Zeyher, 975! Albany Div. ; Grahamstown, Misses Daly & Sole,
483! Fort Beaufort Div.; near Fort Beaufort, Cooper, 3078! Stockenstrom Div. ;
Katberg, Shaw, 116! Baur, 1066! Galpin, 1733! King Williamstown Div. ;
Perie, 4000 ft., Sim, 1317!
CENTRAL REGION: Ceres Div. ; Hottentots Kloof, Pearson, 4910! Sutherland
. Div. ; Roggeveld Mountains, Burchell, 1316!
Variety glabrescens, Meisner in DC. Prodr. xiv. 583, is a doubtful plant.
47. G. denudata (Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 757) ; an erect shrub, up
to 12 ft. high; branches virgate, moderately slender, densely pilose ;
leaves opposite, ovate-oblong, obtuse, approximate, 6 lin. long, 2-2}
lin. wide, densely pilose at first on both surfaces, finally almost
glabrous on the back; flowers in terminal and lateral clusters ;
‘calyx yellowish, densely pilose outside ; tube 9 lin. long, ovoid and
discoloured below, gradually widening above to 1 lin. in diam. ;
lobes oval, acute, glabrous inside, 2 lin. long, 1 lin. wide ; petals 8,
4 lin. long; anthers twice as long as the petals ; ovary com-
pressed, glabrous except at the apex ; style excentric, 5} lin. long ;
stigma subcapitate. Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 152; Drége, Zwei Pf.
Documente, 123; Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 441, and in DC. Prodr. xiv.
585. G. tomentosa, Hook. in Bot. Mag. t. 2761, excl. syn. Berg. et
Thunb. G. virescens, Eckl. & Zeyh. Herb. 11, ex Meisn. in DC.
Prodr, xiv. 585.
64 THYMELHACEA (Wright). [ Gnidia.
South AFrRica: without locality, Mund !
Coast Recon: Swellendam Div. ; Swellendam mountains, Pappe, 17! George
Div. ; near George, Tyson, 3010! and in MacOwan & Bolus, Herb, Norm. Austr.-
Afr., 978! Rogers, 4293! Drége\ in the forest near Touw River, Burchell, 5714!
Knysna Div.; near Knysna, Bolus, 2443! 3714! Newdigate, 71! Humansdorp
Div. ; forest at Elands River, Zitzikamma, 500 ft., Galpin, 45291
48. G. Leipoldtii (C. H. Wright); much-branched ; branches
diffuse, spreading, slender, pubescent when young, finally glabrous
and with prominent leaf-scars ; leaves opposite, ovate-oblong, acute,
7 lin. Jong, 3 lin. wide, densely adpressed-silky on both sides,
1-3-nerved below ; flowers 2—6 at the ends of the branchlets ; calyx
densely tomentose ; tube 7 lin. long, slightly ribbed, inflated below,
subecylindrical above ; lobes oval, 1} lin. long, | lin. wide ; petals 8,
1 lin. long, anther-like, but not very thick, emarginate ; anthers as
long as the petals, but narrower, obtuse; ovary ovoid, hairy at
the top; style filiform, 5 lin. long ; stigma clavate.
CenrraL Recion: Caivinia Div. ; Nieuwoudtville, Willems River, and Bokke-
veldt Mountains, 2000-3000 ft., Leipoldt, 882! Somerset East Div. ; or: mountain
sides near Somerset East, 4000 ft., Bolus, 1764!
49. G. nitida (Bolus); a diffusely branched shrub; branches
slender but rigid, at first hirsute, soon glabrescent, obscurely tetra-
gonous, leaf-scars small but prominent; leaves opposite, congested
at the ends of the branches, oval, rounded or subacute, 3 lin. long,
1 lin. wide, at first adpressed-silky, finally glabrous, margins inflexed
above, obscurely 3-nervyed; flowers in pairs at the ends of the
branches ; calyx densely silky outside, yellow (Bolus) ; tube 7 lin.
long, inflated below, narrowly funnel-shaped above; lobes 2 lin.
long, 1} lin. wide, subacute ; petals 8, anther-like, 1} lin. long,
obtuse; anthers linear, 4 lin. long, obtuse; ovary compressed,
glabrous ; style filiform, 4 lin. long ; stigma penicillate.
WESTERN Recion: Little Namaqualand ; in stony places Ookiep, 3200 ft.
Bolus, in Bolus & MacOwan, Herb. Norm. Austr. ae, 689 “aes — E
50. G. Meyeri (Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 443); branches slender,
terete, glabrous, ascending, leaf-scars distant, not very prominent ;
leaves sessile or subsessile, alternate, linear-lanceolate, acute, 4—6 lin.
long, 1 lin. wide, glabrous, nerves inconspicuous ; heads terminal, up
to 8-flowered ; calyx 8-12 lin. long, yellow (Meisner), glabrous ;
tube slightly widened upwards; lobes 24 lin. long, | lin. wide,
subacute; petals 8, membranous, lanceolate, 14 lin. long, slightly
hairy ; upper anthers exserted ; ovary oblong, hairy at the apex ;
style nearly as long as the calyx-tube; stigma capitate. Drege,
Zwei Pfl. Documente, 95 ; Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 588.
v : ‘ - : A
= Beeps B, pilosa (C. H. Wright); receptacle pilose ; calyx-lobes slightly hairy
Central Reeron: Calvinia Div. ; Nieuwoudtville. .
18387 | Murraysburg Div. ! near Murraysburg, 4300 ee Sopa ag
Gnidia. | THYMELZACEE (Wright), 65
WEsTERN ReGIon; Little Namaqualand; between Uitkomst and Geelbeks
Kraal, 2000-3000 ft., Drége! Riet Kloof near Bowesdorp, 2500 ft., Schlechter,
11181! near Vanrhynsdorp, 2000 ft., Leipoldt, 887!
Ogee Recion: Var. 8: Pondoland; without precise locality, Bachmann,
!
51. G. multiflora (Bartl. ex Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 462); an
erect subshrub, about a span high, densely branched above ; branch-
lets silky-pilose ; leaves alternate, subimbricate, erect, linear, sub-
obtuse, slightly concave above, pilose, prominently 3-nerved beneath,
upper slightly wider and more obtuse ; flowers 2—5, terminal; calyx
white-silky, 4-5 lin. long ; lobes ovate, obtuse, scarcely 1 lin. long ;
petals 8, membranous ?, lanceolate, subacute, yellow; anthers in-
cluded. Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 591.
Sour Arrica : without locality or collector’s name.
52, G. ovalifolia (Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 455); a tree up to 40 ft.
high (Mudd); branchlets densely and patently pilose, cylindrical,
internodes up to 2 in, long; leaves opposite, oval, acute, up to 2 in.
long and 1 in. wide, membranous, densely adpressed-hairy on both
surfaces ; petiole about 1 lin. long; flowers in terminal leafless
ebracteate spikes ; calyx densely silky outside ; tube 4 lin. long,
almost cylindrical; lobes oblong-lanceolate, acute, 1} lin. long;
petals 8, membranous, linear; anthers linear, } lin. long ; ovary
densely pilose at the apex; style half as long as the calyx-tube ;
stigma subcapitate. Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 159 ; Meisn. in
DC. Prodr, xiv. 591; Wood, Natal Pl. t. 248; Sim, For. Fl. Cape
Col. 300. Wikstreemia ovalifolia, Decne in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 146.
Coast Recion : British Kaffraria ; Dontsah, Sim, 2208!
KaLaHarI REGION: Transvaal ; Mac Mac, Mudd! .
Eastern Recion: Transkei ; Kentani, Miss Pegler, 166 ! Tembuland ; Engcoba
Mountain, 4000 ft., Flanagan, 2772! Henkel! Griqualand East ; by streams in
woods on the Zuurberg Range, 3000 ft., Tyson, 1775! Natal ; Umzimkulu River,
amongst bushes and in plantations near the mouth of the river, Drége! Durban,
Gueinzius! Inanda, Wood, 332! 501! 8024 ! and without precise locality, Gerrard,
328 !
“* Thloso” of the Kaffirs (Henkel).
53. G. imbricata (Linn. f. Suppl. 225) ; a dwarf much-branched
shrub ; branches slender, at first puberulous ; leaves oval or oblong,
about as long as the internodes, 5 lin. long, 1-1} lin. wide, obtuse,
canescent, at length glabrous, distinctly 3-nerved ; flowers few in
terminal heads ; calyx densely hairy outside ; tube 6 lin. long, with-
out a differently coloured basal area, subcylindrical, ribbed ; lobes
oval, rounded at the apex, 14 lin. long, 1 lin. wide ; petals 8, more
than half as long as the lobes ; anthers 3 lin. long ; ovary compressed,
+ lin. long ; style excentric, filiform ; stigma subcapitate. Wikstr.
in Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh. 1818, 318; Thunb. Fl. Cap. ed. Schult.
381; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 890; Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 109, and
FL. C.—VOL. V.—SECT. II. F
66 THYMELAACEA (Wright). (Gnidia.
in Linnea, xx. 208; Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 437, and in DC. Prodr.
xiv. 584 (incl. vars. genuina and incana). G.incana, Eckl. & Zeyh. ex
Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 585.
Coast Reaction: Clanwilliam Div. ; Lange Vallei, under 1000 ft., Drege!
Zeyher, 15! 1497! Schlechter, 8040! Zandveld, Leipoldt, 848! Piquetberg
Div. ; Piqueniers Kloof, Zeyher, 3763! Cape Div.; Cape Town, Mrs, Paterson,
78!
54, G. caniflora (Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 440); branches slender,
short, erect, at first tomentose, smooth; leaves alternate or sub-
opposite, oblong or lanceolate, obtuse, 4-5 lin. long, 1-1} lin. wide,
subcoriaceous, glabrous, margins involute, nerves not conspicuous ;
clusters 2—4-flowered, terminal or subterminal ; calyx pubescent
outside; tube 7 lin. long, slightly widened above, ribbed ; lobes
ovate, obtuse, about 1 lin. long, glabrous inside, long-pilose outside ;
petals 8, nearly as long as the calyx-lobes, lanceolate ; anthers
oblong, $ lin. long; ovary compressed, glabrous; style excentric,
filiform, 5 lin. long; stigma penicillate. Drége, Zwei Pfl. Docu-
mente, 71 ; Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 585. G.tawifolia, Eckl. & Zeyh.
ex Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 585. :
Coast Region: Vanrhynsdorp Div.; Giftberg, Drége. Swellendam Div. ;
Gouritz River, Ecklon & Zeyher, 23! Riversdale Div.; near Riversdale, 600 ft.,
Bolus, 11369!
55. G. inconspicua (Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 433); dwarf, much-
branched ; branches short ; branchlets divaricate, adpressed strigil-
lose when young, leaf-scars prominent ; leaves decussate, approxi-
mate, spreading or reflexed, oblong, subacute, 2-5 lin. long, 1—3 lin.
wide, at first adpressed pilose, glabrescent, flat; flowers gemi-
nate ; calyx silky-villous, 4—5 lin. long; lobes narrow, subobtuse,
ore petals 8, membranous, white. Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv.
Soury Arrica: without locality, Drége, 7349.
56. G. Francisci (Bolus in Trans. 8. Afr. Phil. Soc. xvi. 399) ;
an undershrub about 9 in. high, sparingly branched from the base ;
branches tetragonal, simple or with a few branches, slender, at first
pilose, soon becoming glabrous ; leaves opposite, erect, longer than
the internodes, subulate, acuminate, 44 lin. long, 4 lin. wide.
channelled above, convex beneath, with a deciduous terminal tuft
of hairs; heads terminal, about 5-flowered; bracts shorter and
wider than the leaves, silky; calyx silky outside, cream-coloured
(Bolus) ; tube 6 lin. long, ovoid in the lower third, narrowly
funnel-shaped above ; lobes ovate, acute, 14 lin. long, 1 lin. wide ;
petals 8, lanceolate, 1 lin. long, } lin. wide, rather fleshy ; anthers
oblong, } lin. long; ovary ovate, compressed, with a conspicuous
terminal tuft of hairs; style filiform, 3 lin. long ; stigma penicil-
late. :
—e.
Gnidia. | THYMEL&ZACES (Wright). 67
Coast Ree@ron : Oudtshorn Div. ; in rocky places on the summit of the Zwart
Berg Range, near the Pass, 5600 ft., Bolus, 11631!
The 8 petals are all free; not united in pairs as suggested by “ petala bipartita. ””
in the original description.
57. G. scabrida (Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 446); a shrub, up to
4 ft. high (Burchell) ; branches simple, straight, at first puberulous ;
leaves linear-lanceolate, 6 lin. long, 14 lin. wide, acute, suberect,
pilose and rather long-ciliate when young, minutely scabrous in age ;
flowers at the ends of the branches ; involucral leaves up to 9 lin.
long ; calyx gamboge-coloured (Burchell) ; tube 8 lin. long, basal line
glabrous and ribbed, remainder woolly-pubescent; lobes linear-
lanceolate, 2 lin. long, 2 lin. wide, woolly-pubescent outside, glabrous
within ; petals 8, lanceolate, acuminate, 1 lin. long; anthers 8,
oblong, much shorter than the petals; ovary ovate; style half
as long as the calyx-tube; stigma clavate. Drége, Zwei Pfl.
Documente, 117 ; Meisn. in DC. Prodr, xiv.581. G. elongata, Eckl.
& Zeyh. ex Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 581.
Sourn Arrica: without locality, Bowie !
Coast Recion: Worcester Div. ; mountains near Worcester, Ecklon & Zeyher,
3! Cape Div.; Devils Mountain, Zcklon. Stellenbosch Div.; Hottentots
Holland, 1500-2500 ft., Mund! Swellendam Div. ; on a mountain peak near
Swellendam, Burchell, 7404! George Div.; on the Cradock Berg, near George,
Burchell, 5927! Drége, 7356.
58. G. Cephalotes (Lichtenst. ex Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 581) ;
branches at first pilose, finally glabrous and with prominent leaf-
scars, stout ; leaves approximate, alternate or subopposite, lanceo-
late, obtuse, at first pilose, finally minutely scabrous ; bracteoles
oblong, obtuse, scabrous, 2} lin. long, 3 lin. wide ; flowers in the
axils of the uppermost leaves; calyx silky outside; tube 5 lin.
long, slightly inflated above ; lobes elliptic, 4 lin. long, 2 lin. wide ;
petals about 12 in one series, } lin. long, lanceolate, slender ;
longer stamens with anthers about half as large as the shorter ;
style filiform, hairy ; stigma clavate. (. grandiflora, Meisn. l.e. 582.
Cryptadenia elongata, and var., Eckl. & Zeyh., and_Calycosericos
argented, Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Drége in Linnea, xx. 210.
Coast Recion : Stellenbosch Div. ; Hottentots Holland, 1500-2500 ft., Zeyher,
3743! Mund, 1! Lowrys Pass, 4500 ft., Schlechter, 7219! Caledon Div. ; moun-
tains at Kleinriver Kloof, 1000-3000 ft., Zeyher, 8745! River Zondereinde,
Herb. Salisbury! Houw Hoek, 2000 ft., Schlechter, 9402! Bredasdorp Div. ; near
Elim, 600 ft., Bolus, 8595 !
Inperfectly known species.
59. G. acutifolia (Wikstr. in Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1818,
315); quite glabrous; leaves opposite, elliptic, acute F aiuinas
F 4
68 THYMELZACEE (Wright). [ Gnidia.
2-3 terminal ; calyx glabrous ; lobes lanceolate, subobtuse. Meisn.
in DO. Prodr, xiv. 592.
Sour Arrica : without locality, Thunberg.
Near G. subulata, Lam.
60. G. argentea (Thunb. Prodr. 76); a glabrous erect cinereo-
fuscous shrub, about 1 ft. high ; branches short, sparse, nodulose ;
leaves alternate, obovate, acute, thinly silvery tomentose, obscurely
silky, sessile, approximate especially towards the ends of the
branches, erecto-patent, 1 in. long ; flowers capitate, silky outside,
purple within; petals 8, fleshy, exserted. Thunb. Fl. Cap. ed.
Schult. 381; Wikstr. in Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh. 1818, 318; Meisn.
in DC. Prodr, xiv. 591.
Soutu Arrica: without locality or collector’s name,
This may be a Lasiosiphon.
61. G. dimidiata (Gandog. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, lx. 417,
1913); glabrous, much-branched; branches divaricate, sparingly
leafy ; leaves linear, obtuse, keeled, patulous or retrorsely falcate,
2-3 lin. long; involucral leaves scarcely dilated ; flowers capitate ;
calyx 34-4 lin. long, sparingly adpressed-pubescent outside ; lobes
orbicular, small, } lin. wide.
Souru Arrica: without locality, Ecklon & Zeyher.
This may be a form of G. subulata, Lam. (G. juniperifolia, var. uncinata,
Meisn.).
62, G. flava (Lindl. ex Steud. Nomencl. ed. 2, i, 697, name only).
aly, G, grandiflora (Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. Suppl. 21, name
only).
64. G. nana (Wikstr. in Vet. Acad. Hand]. Stockh, 1818, 316) ;
an erect undershrub, about 6 in. high ; branches few fastigiate ;
leaves alternate, imbricate, linear, scarcely 1 in. long, convex,
obtuse, at first pilose, finally glabrous, upper purplish, with white
hairs; flowers many, terminal; calyx hirsute-tomentose ; lobes
lanceolate, acute ; petals many ; stamens 4. Meisn. in DC. Prodr.
xiv. 591. Struthiola nana, Murr. Syst. 164; Linn. J. Suppl. 128;
Thunb. Prodr, 76, and Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 383.
Coast Recion: Tulbagh Div.;.on tops of mountains, Roodezand, Thunberg.
An anomalous plant, which may prove to be a species of Struthiola.
: ea Rehmannii (Durand & B. D. Jackson in Ind. Kew. Suppl.
i. ‘
This is an error for Gymnosporia Rehmannii, Szyszyl., Pl. Reh-
-Imann. ii, (1884) 34, Rees PGs
<isaasill
Lasiosiphon. | THYMELZACE& (Wright). 69
IX. LASIOSIPHON, Fresen.
Flowers hermaphrodite, 5-merous. Calya-tube slender, hairy out-
side, often with longer hairs in the lower part, circumscissile above
the base ; lobes patent. Petals 5, membranous, smaller than the
calyx-lobes, sometimes minute, rarely absent, entire or divided.
Stamens 10, in two series ; anthers subsessile, dorsifixed near the
base, linear or oblong, obtuse. Hypogynous dise none or very small,
Ovary 1-celled ; style slender ; stigma capitate or small. Fruit dry,
small, enclosed in the persistent base of the calyx. Seeds with
scanty albumen or none ; cotyledons rather thick.
Small or large shrubs ; leaves opposite or alternate ; flowers in terminal sessile
or stalked heads or spikes.
Distrrp. Species about 35, chiefly in Tropical and South Africa ; five or six
in Madagascar and one in India.
Leaves linear-oblong, 2 lin. long, distant... cee ... (1) microphyllus.
Leaves much larger, longer than the internodes :
Calyx-tube 4-8 lin. long:
Leaves more or less silvery tomentose :
Tomentum persistently dense:
Leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate, 6-12 lin. long (2) splendens.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 5 lin. long ... ... (3) canoargentea.
Tomentum less dense in age Mee ee ... (4) Burchellii.
Leaves not silvery tomentose :
Branches spreading : *
Leaves glabrous, oblong, acute ... pee ..- (5) Wilmsii.
Leaves glabrous, oblong, obtuse aa ... (4) Burchellii, var.
. ~ glabrifolius.
Leaves hispidulous, oblong, obtuse... ... (6) deserticola.
Leaves adpressed-silky, spathulate, acute ... (7 ) macropetalus.
Leaves adpressed-silky, spathulate-oblong, mu-
cronulate ... (8) dregeanus.
Branches erect : ee
Petals minute, tooth-like oe ee .-- (9) similis.
Petals 1 lin. long, oblong ee oe ... (10) linifolius.
Calyx-tube 9-15 lin. long:
Flower-heads sessile :
Leaves adpressed-silky on both surfaces :
Petals tooth-like or obsolete... ee ... (12) anthylloides.
Petals obvious :
Calyx-tube spreading-pilose ... oa ... (11) polyanthus.
Calyx-tube adpressed-pubescent a ... (13) meisnerianus.
Leaves glabrous :
exis linear-lanceolate or subspathulate, 14-23
lin. wide ay cae ae ah ... (14) pulchellus.
Leaves oblanceolate, 24 lin. wide ae ... (15) triplinervis.
Leaves linear, 14 lin. wide on a ... (16) caffer.
- istinctly stalked : :
bg cdg restore pre i ne aan ... (17) Kraussii.
Petals lanceolate, acute ;
Petals oblong, obtuse iu ve as ... (18) hoepfnerianus.
70 THYMELAHACES (Wright). | Lasiosiphon.
1. L. microphyllus (Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 593); a dwart
undershrub, branched from the base; branches slender, rigid,
glabrous ; leaves alternate, rather distant, adpressed to the stem,
linear-oblong, obtuse, glabrous, about 2 lin. long and } lin. wide ;
involucral leaves broadly ovate, acute, 3 lin. long, 1} lin. wide,
puberulous ; flowers in terminal heads ; calyx-tube 7 lin. long, with
long silky hairs below, puberulous or glabrous above ; lobes elliptic,
obtuse, 14 lin. long, 1 lin. wide; petals small; anthers oblong ;
ovary shortly stalked, ovoid, glabrous; style nearly as long as the
calyx-tube. Gnidia microphylla, Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 432 ; Drege,
Zwei Pf. Documente, 94. G. Kunizei, Gilg in O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen.
Sour Arrica: without locality, Zyson! ‘
CentraL Region: Somerset Div.; Somerset, Bowker, 56! 90! Tarka Div. ;
Tarka River, 4500 ft., MacOwan, 1801! Richmond Div. ; Bok Fontein, Burke,
511! Zeyher, 1489! Middelburg Div.; Middelburg Road, Kuntze! Colesberg
Div. ; Colesberg, Shaw !
WEsTERN REGION: Little Namaqualand ; near the mouth of the Orange River,
Drége.
2. L. splendens (Endl. Gen. Pl. Suppl. iv. ii, 67); a much-
branched shrub ; branches at first densely adpressed-silky, leaf-scars
small; leaves alternate, lanceolate or oblanceolate, acute, up to
nearly 12 lin. long and 3 lin. wide, densely clothed with adpressed
silvery silky hairs ; involucral leaves scarcely wider than the cauline ;
flowers in terminal sessile heads; calyx 8 lin. long, subcylindrical
slightly inflated above, densely silky outside, hairs longer in the
lower part ; lobes oblong, obtuse, 24 lin. long, 2 lin. wide, rather
thick, yellow (Wood) ; petals } lin. long, ovate, membranous ; anthers
oblong, obtuse, $ lin. long; ovary oblong, compressed, glabrous ;
style as long as the calyx-tube; stigma capitate. Meisn. in DC.
Prodr. xiv. 595. Gnidia splendens, Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 428;
Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 159.
Katanart Recon: Transvaal; near Lydenburg, Wilms, 1297! Swaziland ;
Hlatikulu, Miss Stewart, 2522!
Eastern Recion: Pondoland; without precise locality, Bachmann, 904!
Griqualand East; Mount Malowe, 3500 ft., Tyson, 2056! and in Bolus &
MacOwan, Herb, Austr.-Afr., 1229! Natal; near Durban, Drége! Wood, 114}!
Rooi Kopjes near Durban, Wood! near Umkomanzi River, Wood, 3159! Pieter-
maritzburg, Wilms, 2248! Vryheid, Sim, 2921! 2931! near Colenso, Rehmann,
7187 ! Krantz Kloof, Wood, 1155! and without precise locality, Gerrard, 207!
Zululand ; Ungoya, 1000-2000 ft., Wood, 5690! Umhlatuzi, Sim, 2936!
3. L. canoargentea (C. H. Wright); a much-branched shrub ;
branches densely adpressed white-silky when young, leaf-scars small
but prominent; leaves alternate, oblong-lanceolate, 5 lin. long,
1} lin. wide, acute, densely clothed (especially on the lower surface)
with adpressed silvery hairs; involucral leaves twice as broad as
the cauline ; flowers many in a terminal cluster; calyx pubescent
outside, with longer hairs below ; tube 6 lin. long ; lobes oblong,
obtuse, 14 lin. long, 1 lin. wide; petals minute, tooth-like ; anthers
Lasiosiphon. | THYMELMACE (Wright). i
thrice as long as the petals; anthers oblong, obtuse, } lin. long ;
ovary oblong, hairy at the apex ; style slender, rigid, about as long
as the calyx-tube ; stigma capitate.
Katanari Region: Transvaal; Witte Kranz, near Lydenburg, Wilms, 1298!
on the sides of mountains near Lydenburg, McZLea in Herb. Bolus, 3020!
4, L. Burchellii (Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 594, var. villosus) ; a
much-branched shrub ; branches villous ; leaves alternate, lanceolate,
6 lin. long, 1 lin. wide, the upper rather wider, densely adpressed-
pubescent on both surfaces, somewhat glabrescent ; heads sessile,
terminal, many-flowered ; calyx-tube densely villous outside, 7 lin.
long, slightly inflated below ; lobes oval, obtuse, 2 lin. long, 1 lin.
wide; petals minute, clavate ; anthers oblong, obtuse, } lin. long ;
ovary oblong, compressed, glabrous ; style nearly as long as the
calyx-tube ; stigma capitate.
Var. 8, glabrifolius (Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 594); leaves linear, obtuse,
glabrous ; involucral leaves oblong, densely pilose.
Var. y, angustifolius (C. H. Wright); resembling var. glabrifolius, but leaves
linear, acute, densely adpressed-hairy beneath.
Coast REaion: Cathcart Div. ; Windvogel Mountain, Cooper, 245!
Katanari Recion: Orange River Colony; Bethlehem, Richardson! Basuto-
land ; without precise locality, Cooper, 3085! Bechuanaland ; between Matlowing
River and Takun, #urchell, 2201! 2203! Mashowing River, near Takun,
Burchell, 2256! Var. 8: Transvaal; Vaal River, Zeyher, 1490! Burke, 85
Var. y: Transvaal; Barberton Mountains, Burtt-Davy, 347!
Eastern Recion: Griqualand East; sides of mountains, Ingeli, 5500 ft.,
Tyson, 1322! 1990!
5. L. Wilmsii (C. H. Wright) ; a much-branched shrub ; branches
at first pilose, reddish, leaf-scars small; leaves alternate, very
shortly petiolate, oblong, acute, 7 lin. long, 1? lin. wide, glabrous,
coriaceous, midrib prominent beneath; involucral leaves rather
larger than the cauline, pilose; flowers numerous in terminal
heads, very sweet-scented in the evening (Cooper); calyx densely
silky outside ; tube 6-7 lin, long, cylindrical ; lobes orange (Cooper),
oblong, obtuse, 2 lin. long, about 1 lin. wide; petals minute ;
anthers 2 lin. long, thrice as long as the petals, obtuse; ovary
oblong, glabrous; style about as long as the calyx-tube; stigma
capitate.
Karanart Reaion: Orange River Colony ; Witteberg, Rehmann, 3943 ! Basuto-
land ; without precise locality, Cooper, 696 ! Transvaal ; by the Vaal River near
Kloete, Wilms, 1299! by the Crocodile River in Lydenburg District, Wilms,
1299b. : i
Resembling LZ. anthylloides, Meisn., but differing in having quite glabrous leaves.
6. L. deserticola (C. H. Wright); a much-branched shrub ;
branches spreading, woody, pubescent when very young, soon
glabrous, grey, leaf-scars small but prominent; leaves usually
clustered at the ends of the branches, oblong, obtuse, 3 lin. long,
72 THYMELZACE (Wright). [ Lasiosiphon.
1 lin. wide, acute, subcoriaceous, hispidulous ; involucral leaves
rather wider, velvety ; flowers 5-7, terminal; calyx densely silky
outside, basal part furnished with long hairs ; tube 6 lin. long,
subcylindrical ; lobes oblong, rounded at the apex, 13 lin. long,
1 lin. wide, yellow; petals very small, membranous, hyaline ;
anthers oblong, obtuse, } lin. long, larger than the petals; ovary
small, oblong, glabrous ; style much shorter than the calyx-tube,
rigid; stigma capitate. L._pulchellus, war. dasyphyllus, Meisn. in
DC. Prodr. xiv. 595. Gnidia pulchella, var. dasyphy Pape :
Linnea, xiv. 425; Drége, Zwei PA. Documente, 61, 63. G. deserti-
cola, Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 263. eee
Coast Region: Clanwilliam Div.; near Wuppenthal, 1900 ft., Bolus, 9084 !
Bidouw Berg, 2000 ft., Schlechter, 86951 Ladismith Div. ; Groot River, Caroo,
Mund & Maire! Oudtshoorn Div.; Oudtshoorn, Tyson! Miss Britton, 19! East
London Div. ; Cambridge, Miss Wormald, 81!
CenrraL Recion: Calvinia Div. ; Nieuwoudtville, Leipoldt in Herb. Bolus,
9336 ! Ceres Div. ; between Little Doorn River and Great Doorn River, Burchell,
1208! Prince Albert Div. ; Gamka River, Burke, 241! Zeyher, 1491! Zwart-
bulletje, on stony places and by the Gamka River, 2500 ft., Drege! Jansenville
Div.; near the Sundays River, 1500-2000 ft., Drége! Graaf Reinet Div. ; Graat
Reinet, 2600 ft., Bolus, 2188!
7. L. macropetalus (Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 594); a small
diffusely branched shrub; branches at first pubescent, rather
slender, leaf-scars small but prominent ; leaves alternate, more or
less spathulate, adpressed-silky when young, less densely so when
old, acute, 4-8 lin. long, 2-2} lin. wide; involucral leaves similar
to the cauline; flowers in terminal heads; calyx silky outside ;
tube 6 lin. long, subcylindrical ; lobes oblong, obtuse, 14 lin. long,
3 lin. wide ; petals 5, membranous, 1 lin. long, 2 lin. wide ; anthers
linear, 1 lin. long; ovary oblong, glabrous ; style filiform; stigma
capitate. Sim, For. Fl. Cape Col. 302; Wood, Natal Pl. t. 262.
Gnidia _macropetala, Meisn. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 553; Krauss,
Beitr. FU. Cap- und Natal. 142.
Eastern Recion: Natal; near Durban, Krauss, 237! Peddie! Wood in
MacOwan & Bolus, Herb. Norm. 1028! Umlazi, Mudd! Inanda, Wood, 36!
Intschanga, Rehmann, 7887! Vryheid, Sim, 2947! Dumisa Station, Alexandra
District, Rudatis, 651! and without precise locality, Mrs. Saunders! Nelson, 11!
Gerrard, 27!
_8. L. dregeanus (Endl. Gen. Suppl. iv. ii. 67); branches adpressed-
villous at the apex ; leaves alternate, spreading, spathulate-oblong,
obtuse, mucronulate, 5-8 lin. long, 3-4 lin. wide, adpressed-pilose
on both surfaces ; involucral leaves not wider than the cauline,
rather silky, ciliate; calyx silky-villous ; tube 6-8 lin. long; lobes _
obtuse ; petals minute, ovate. Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 594. —
Gnidia dregeana, Meisn. in Linnwa, xiv. 426; Drege, Zwei Pf.
acu e, 160.
EastERN Recion: Natal; Durban, Drége.
Habit and leaves as in LZ. meisnerianus, Endl. ; pub +ck and
calyx much shorter. oe piers , but pubescence less thick
Lasiosiphon. | THYMELZACE& (Wright). 73
9, L. similis (C. H. Wright) ; stems about 3 in. high, arising
from a woody rootstock, pubescent ; leaves alternate, lanceolate,
acute, 6 lin. long, 14 lin. wide, hairy on both surfaces, midrib
conspicuous, lateral nerves about 2 on each side; involucral leaves
ovate, acute, 25 lin. wide ; flowers in terminal heads ; calyx ad-
pressed-silky outside; tube 6 lin. long, slightly inflated below ;
lobes shortly elliptic, obtuse, 1} lin. long, 1 lin. wide; petals
minute, tooth-like; anthers oblong, obtuse, 3 lin. long; ovary
oblong, glabrous; style filiform, shorter than the calyx-tube ;
stigma capitate.
KaLaHart Recon: Transvaal ; Warmbaths, Miss Leendertz, 1314!
Resembling Z. Krausii, Meisn., but differing in having sessile flower-heads and
much smaller petals,
10. L. linifolius (Decne in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 148) ; a shrub;
branches diffuse, rigid, glabrous, leaf-scars prominent; leaves
lanceolate, acute, subpungent, 7-11 lin. long, 2 lin. wide; flowers
about 10 in terminal clusters; involucral bracts ovate-lanceolate,
acute, pungent, 6 lin. long, 24 lin. wide; calyx densely tomentose
outside ; tube about 4 lin. long, slender, inflated below, subcylindrical
above; lobes patent, ovate, obovate or rotundate, about 14 lin. long
and 1 lin. wide ; petals 1 lin. long, oblong, obtuse, entire, glabrous ;
anthers oblong, the upper exserted and larger than the lower ;
ovary oblong; style excentric, slightly shorter than the calyx-
tube ; stigma small. Walp. Ann. i. 587 ; Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv.
595, incl. vars. pubescens and glabrata ; Sim, For. Fl. Cape Col. 302.
Gnidia cepitata, Linn. f. Suppl. 224; Thunb. Prodr. 76, and Fi.
Cap. ed. Schult. 378, partly ; Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 426; Wikstr. in Vet.
Acad. Handl. Stockh. 1818, 314; Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 138 ;
Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 424. G._transvaaliensis, Gilg in De Wild.
Pl. Nov. Herb. Hort. Then. i. 206, t. 46, figs. 10-16. Dais_linifolia,
Lam. Encyel. ii, 255, and Ill. ii. 492, t. 368, fig. 3; Pers. Syn.i. 471.
Passerina involucrata, Spreng. ex Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 595.
Coast Recron: Uitenhage Div. ; on plains near Uitenhage, Bowie! Addo,
Zeyher, 210! Zuurberg Range, Cooper, 3089! Albany Div. ; near Grahamstown,
Burchell, 3607! MacOwan! Misses Daly & Sole, 355! Atherstone! between
Zwartewater Poort and the east end of Zwartewater Berg, Burchell, 3448! Rock-
cliffe near Sidbury, Miss Daly, 761! Brak Kloof, Mrs. White, 1064! and without
precise locality, Cooper, 1525! King Williamstown Div. ; King Williamstown,
1500 ft., Sim, 2948! Queenstown Div. ; plains, Queenstown, Galpin, 1560!
Cooper, 3084! Imvane, Baur, 80! Zwartkei River, Baur, 100!
CentRAL ReGion: Somerset Div.; Klein Bruintjes Hoogte, Drége! Bosch
Berg, Bolus, 1749! : :
Karawari Recion : Orange River Colony ; Bethlehem, Richardson ! and without
precise locality, Cooper, 3087! Transvaal ; Magalies Berg, Zeyher, 1495! near
Pretoria, McLea in Herb. Bolus., 3112! Miss Leendertz, 405! Wilms, 1304!
around Barberton, 2000-4000 ft., Galpin, 495! Maquasi Hills, Nelson, 235!
Skinners Court Experiment Station, 4500 ft., Burtt-Davy, 5044! Lydenberg,
theca 1305! Crocodile River, Quintas, 229, King’s Farm, between Venters
oort and Middelburg, Bolus, 9759!
Eastern Region: Tembuland; Bazeia, 2000 ft., Baur, 537! Umtata, Baur,
538! Griqualand East; Kokstad, 4300 ft., Zyson, 1112! 1531! and in MacOwan
74 THYMELAACEA (Wright). | Lasiosiphon.
& Bolus, Herb. Austr.-Afr., 1228! Natal; near Newcastle, Wilms, 2251! Weenen
County, Wood, 3446 !
Meisner’s two varieties cannot be maintained. The pubescence on the involucral
leaves seems to be more or less deciduous and cannot, therefore, be relied upon as
a varietal character.
11. L. polyanthus (Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 265); an under-
shrub, more or less branched from the base ; branches rather stout,
pilose at first, leaf-scars prominent ; leaves alternate, oblong, oval
or ovate, acute, 15 lin. long, 5 lin. wide, 5-nerved, densely adpressed-
silky on both surfaces ; involucral leaves similar to the cauline but
more densely silky ; heads terminal, sessile, up to 40-flowered ; calyx
spreading-pilose outside; tube about 1 lin. long, slender, sub-
cylindrical ; lobes yellow, oblong-lanceolate, or oblong, 3 lin. long,
14 lin. wide; petals minute, oblong, } lin. long; anthers oblong;
twice as long as the petals; ovary oblong; style slightly shorter
than the calyx-tube ; stigma capitate. Gnidia polyantha, Gilg, Le.
Eastern Reoron: Griqualand East; Mount Currie, 5000 ft., Tyson, 1586!
Zuurberg, 5000 ft., Tyson, 1563! 1849! Mount Malowe, 7'yson, 2130! Tembuland ;
saddle between Iggakancu and Bazeia Mountains, 2500-3000 ft., Baur, 646!
Natal; Dumisa Station, 2000 ft., Rudatis, 425! Durban, Krauss, 368! Bothas
Hill, Tyson! Wood, 4420! Normandieu, Sim, 2933! Noodsberg, Wood, 115!
4135! 5277! Camperdown, Rehmann, 7848! Drakensberg Range, Bushmans
River, 6000-7000 ft., Evans, 52! top of Mahwaga, 6000-7000 ft., Evans, 523!
and without precise locality, Gerrard, 1392!
12. L. anthylloides (Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 595, incl. var-
vulgaris) ; a shrub of variable habit; branches at first densely
villous, leaf-scars small but prominent; leaves alternate, imbricate, c
lanceolate or oblong, adpressed-silky on both surfaces, about 6 lin. —
long and 2 lin. wide; flowers in dense terminal sessile heads;
calyx-tube 12-15 lin. long, densely woolly outside, gradually —
widened upwards ; lobes elliptic, obtuse, 3 lin. long, 2 lin. wide;
petals minute and tooth-like, or obsolete ; anthers oblong, obtuse,
3 lin. long; ovary oblong; style filiform, nearly as long as the
calyx-tube; stigma capitate. Bot. Mag. t. 7303; Sim, For. Fl. —
Cape Col. 302; Wood, Natal Pl. t. 270. Passerina anthylloides, —
Linn. fe Suppl. 225; Thunb. Prodr. 76, and Fl. Cap. ed. Schult.
377 ; Wikstr. in Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh. 1818, 347 ; Drege, Zwei —
ise Documente, Les 143 ; Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 392, and in Hoot 4
md. Journ. ii.551. Dats sericea, Lam. Encyel. ii. 767. D. anthyl —
loides, Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv, 530, 596. —
Arthrosolen_anthylloides, C. A. Mey. in Bull. Phys.-Mat. Acad. —
Pétersb. i. (1843) 359. Gnidia tomentosa, Eckl. ex Meisn. in DC. —
Agus 596. G. virescens Wikstr. in Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh.
oblong, obscurely 3-nerved, the upper densely sill ose
up t0 15 lin, long and B'lin, woke. Puesstea eadhgliocies seer, macrophyte
Meisn, in Linnea, xiv. 393; Drége, Zuei PA. Docwmente, 152, 154.
Lasiosiphon. | THYMELHACES (Wright). 75
Var. y, glabrescens (Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 596); leaves oblong, 3-8 lin.
long, 3-5 lin. wide, 3-nerved, subacute or obtuse, the upper sparingly silky, the
lower sparingly pubescent beneath. Passerina anthylloides, var. glabrescens,
Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 893; Drége, Zwei Pf. Documente, 159.
Coast Region: Riversdale Div. ; between Little Vet River and Garcias Pass,
Burchell, 6877! George Div. ; mountains near George, Alexander ! Knysna Div. ;
Knysna, Tyson, 3043! between Plettenberg Bay and Knysna, Burchell, 5355 !
between Goukamina River and Groene Valley, Burchell, 5606 ! Humansdorp Div. ;
near Kruisfontein, 800 ft., Galpin, 4530! Uitenhage Div.; Van Stadens Berg,
Drége! and without precise locality, Zeyher, 269! Port Elizabeth Div.; Port
Elizabeth, Miss West, 42! between Port Elizabeth and Van Stadens River,
400 ft., Bolus, 1941! Albany Div.; near Grahamstown, Burchell, 3608!
MacOwan, 311! Sidbury, Burke! Kleinemond, Mrs. White! Mayors Seat,
Miss Daly, 122! and without precise locality, Cooper, 1521! Bathurst Div. ;
between Blue Krantz and Kaffir Drift Military Post, Burchell, 3717! King
Williamstown Div.; King Williamstown, 1500 ft., Sim, 2949! Komgha Div. ;
between Zandplaat and Komgha, 2000-3000 ft., Drége. Var. 8: Port Elizabeth
Div.; Algoa Bay, Forbes! Albany Div. ; Grahamstown, MacOwan! Var. Y:
Uitenhage Div.; Van Stadens Berg, Zeyher, 3765! Stockenstrom Div. ; summit
of Katberg, Shaw! King Williamstown Div.; Buffalo River, Cooper, 69!
Centrat Region: Graaf Reinet Div. ; Compass Berg, Shaw ! Var. y: Somerset
Div. ; without precise locality, Bowker !
_ Karnanart Reaion: Transvaal; near Pretoria, 4000 ft., MeZea in Herb. Bolus,
3084! Basutuland ; without precise locality, Cooper, 696!
Eastern REGION: Natal; without precise locality, Gerrard, 76! Plant, 35!
Cooper, 1232! Zululand; Umblafuzi, Sim, 2937! Var. B: Pondoland; between
St. Johns River and Umsikaba River, under 1000 ft., Drége! between Umtentu
River and Umzimkulu River, under 500 ft., Drége, Natal; Inanda, 1800 ft.,
Wood, 34! Durban, Grant! Krauss, 282! Sanderson! Wood, 4948! Peddie!
Nottingham, Buchanan, 136! Bothas Hill, Wood, 4420! and without precise
serig Cooper, 3083! Sutherland! Gerrard, 206! Var. y: Natal; Durban,
rége!
13, L. meisnerianus (Endl. Gen. Suppl. iv. ii. 67) ; a much-branched
shrub ; branches rather stout, pubescent at first, leaf-scars not very
prominent; leaves alternate, spathulate-oblong or lanceolate,
narrowed at the base, up to 10 lin. long and 2 lin. wide, upper
scarcely larger, adpressed-silky on both surfaces ; flowers in terminal
heads ; calyx-tube 9-12 lin. long, cylindrical, with long straight
hairs below, pubescent above; lobes lanceolate, obtuse, 2 lin. long,
? lin. wide; petals minute, bifid, membranous; anthers oblong,
obtuse, 2 lin. long ; ovary oblong, glabrous ; style nearly as long as.
_ the calyx-tube ; stigma capitate. Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 594.
L. Meisneri, Sim, For. Fl. Cape Col. 302, ¢. 153, fig. 4. Gnidia
cuneata, Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 427 ; O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen, Pl. m1. u.
280. G, argentea, Zeyh. ex Meisn. l.c. 428.
VaR. 8. thulatus (Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 594); leaves obovate- or
spathulate-lanceolate, Eb i. wide, rounded or very shortly acuminate. Dais
argentea, Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 594. Gnidia cuneata, var.
spathulata, Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 427 ; Drége, Zwei Pf. Documente, 142. ;
Var. y, angustifolins (Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 594); leaves narrowly
lanceolate, attenuate at both ends, scarcely spathulate, 2-3 lin. wide, subacute.
Gnidia cuneata, var. angustifolia, Meisn. in Linnxa, xiv. 427 ; Drége, Zwei PA.
Documente, 138. pe oo
__ Coasr Regroy; Uitenhage Div.; without precise locality, Bowie! Albany Div. ;
Bothas Berg, 2000 ft., MacOwan, 368! Hell Poort, MacOwan! between Sidbury
76 THYMELAACE (Wright). | Lasiosiphon.
and the Bushman River, Burchell, 4198! Fish River, 400-500 ft., Baur, 1084!
Var. 8: Uitenhage Div. ; without precise locality, Zeyher, 732! 3766! Peddie
Div. ; Fish River, hills near Trumpeters Drift, Drege |
CenTraL Region: Somerset Div. ; at Blyde River, Burchell, 2965! west side
of Bruintjes Hoogte, 3300 ft., Bolus, 1779! Var. y: Somerset Div. ; near Little
Fish River and Great Fish River, 2000-3000 ft., Drége!
Eastern Recion: Natal; Vryheid, Sim, 2932! Krantz Kloof, Kuntze! Clair-
mont, Kuntze!
Meisner in DC. Prodr. xiv. 594 has transposed the references to the two
varieties in Drége’s Documente, and also the localities connected with them,
14, L. pulchellus (Decne in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 149); branches
virgate, slender, glabrous; leaves alternate, linear-lanceolate or
subspathulate, mucronate or obtuse, 6-12 lin. long, 14-2} lin. wide,
glabrous ; involucral leaves 8-12, spathulate, scarcely wider than
the cauline ; heads sessile or shortly stalked, many-flowered ; calyx
densely adpressed-silky, 1 in. long ; lobes narrowly oblong, 2 lin.
long. Walp. Ann. i. 587 ; Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 594,.inel. var.
glabratus, but excl.var.dasyphyllus. Gnidia pulchella, and var. glabrata,
Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 425; Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 44, 149.
Dais argentea, var. depressa, Eckl. d: Zeyh. ex Meisn. in DC. Prodr.
xiv, 595.
tom Recion: Stockenstrom Div. ; in grassy places, Kat Berg, 3000-4000 it.,
ége.
i Recion: Pondoland; between Umtata River and St. Johns River,
ege.
15. L. triplinervis (Decne in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 149) ; a much-
branched shrub; branches glabrous, slender, leaf-scars smal] but
prominent ; leaves alternate, oblanceolate, very shortly cuspidate,
up to 12 lin. long and 2} lin. wide, quite glabrous, midrib prominent
beneath ; involucral leaves ovate, 4 lin. long, 24 lin. wide, acute,
ciliate ; flowers numerous in terminal clusters ; calyx-tube silky
outside, hairs longer below, cylindrical, 10-15 lin. long; lobes
oblong, obtuse, 24 lin. long, 1} lin. wide; petals 5, membranous,
obovate, 1 lin. long, } lin. wide; anthers linear, nearly 1 lin. long ;
ovary ovate, compressed ; style longer than the calyx-tube ; stigma
small. Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 595. Gnidia triplinervig, Meisn.
in Linnea, xiv. 429. Dais Owenii, Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Meisn. in DC.
Prodr. xiv. 595. Sree tee
Coast Region : King Williamstown Div.; Perie Mountains, 2000 ft., 7'ysom,
1041! Sim, 2951! sides of Buffalo Mountain, Tyson, 604!
Eastern Region: Pondoland; banks of the Umkwani River, near the sea,
Tyson, 2643! near the mouth of the Umtentu River, Drége! and without
precise locality, Bachmann, 901! Griqualand East ; by streams near Clydesdale,
2500 ft., Tyson, 1159! 2015! and in MacOwan & Bolus, Herb. Austr.-Afr., 1227}
Natal; Umgeni, Rehmann, 7464!
16. L. caffer (Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 593); a small under-
shrub ; branches slender, erect, glabrous, terete; leaves alternate,
erect, linear, acute, 6-9 lin. long, 1} lin. wide, glabrous ; heads
sessile, terminal, few-flowered ; involucral leaves ovate, acuminate,
2 lin. wide ; calyx densely silky outside ; tube 10 lin. long, slender,
ee ee ee a ee ee
q
‘
E
q
3
F
4
4
q
Lasiosiphon. | THYMELAZACE (Wright), 77
cylindrical ; lobes oblong, obtuse, 4 lin. long, 1} lin. wide ; petals
3 lin. long, linear; ovary oblong, compressed, hairy at the top ;
style as long as the calyx-tube ; stigma capitate. Wood in Trans.
S. Afr. Phil. Soc. xviii. 218.
KaLaHAri Recion : Orange River Colony ; near Witzies Hoek, 5400 ft., Bolus,
8245! Flanagan, 1887! Harrismith, Sankey, 169! and without precise locality,
Cooper, 831! Transvaal; near Lydenburg, Atherstone! Wilms, 1306! near
Barberton, Bolus, 9761! High Veldt near Belfast, 6500 ft., Bolus, 12269!
Jenkins! Waterval Boven, Rogers, 245! Magaliesberg, Zeyher, 1488! Carolina
District, 1 mile north of Robinsons, Burtt-Davy, 2977! and without precise
locality, Mrs. Stainbank, 3641!
Eastern Reaion: Natal; Little Tugela District, near Hoffenthal Mission
Station, and Tabamhlope, Wood, 3448! Van Reenans Pass, 5000-6000 ft., Wood,
4520! Vryheid, Sim, 2923! and without precise locality, Gerrard, 1391!
17. L. Kraussii (Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 596); a very variable
plant ; stems stout, herbaceous from a woody base, glabrous or
pubescent ; leaves lanceolate to oval, 8-18 lin. long, 1-6 lin. wide,
quite glabrous to densely pilose, acute or obtuse; flowers in a
terminal peduncled head ; bracts ovate, acute, silky ; calyx-tube
7-9 lin. long, cylindrical, silky outside and with long white hairs at
the base ; lobes oval, obtuse, 2 lin. long, 1 lin. wide ; petals half as
long as the calyx-lobes, lanceolate, acute, membranous ; anthers
oblong, § lin. long ; ovary ovate, compressed, hairy, especially at the
top ; style about as long as the calyx-tube ; stigma capitate. Engl.
Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 310: Wood d& Evans, Natal Pl. iii.
t. 256; Pearson in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 231; Sim, For. Fl.
Cape Col. 302. ZL. affinis, Kotschy & Peyr. Pl. Tinn. 39, t. 19 B.
LL. djuricus, Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 269. Gnidia kraussiana,
Meisn. in Hook. Lond. Journ, Bot. ii. (1843), 552, 553, inel. vars.
pubescens and glabrata; Gilg in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 283.
G. djurica, Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 268. G. dschurica, Gilg in
Engl-& Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 6 A, 228. G,_usinjensis, Gilg in
Engl. Jahrb. xix. 269; Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. lc.
KataHari REGION: Orange River Colony ; Bethlehem, Richardson ! Harrismith,
Sankey, 170! Besters Vlei, near Witzies Hoek, 5400 ft., Bolus, 8426! Flanagan,
1871! and without precise locality, Cooper, 832! Transvaal ; near Pretoria,
4500 ft., Miss Leendertz, 280! Rehmann, 4531! McLea in Herb. Bolus, 5809!
Burtt-Davy, 786; Waterval Boven, Rogers! Magaliesberg, Burke! Piet Retief,
Burtt-Davy, 1914! Lydenburg, Wilms, 1301! near Barberton, Bolus, 9758!
Eastern Recion: Tembuland; Mount Bazeia, Baur, 2541 Pondoland;
without precise locality, Bachmann, 897! Griqualand East; Maclear, plains at
base of Tent Kop, 5600 ft., Galpin, 6826! Kokstadt, 4300 ft., Tyson, 1098! and!
in Bolus & MacOwan, Herb, Norm. Austr.-Afr., 458! Natal; near Durban,
Sutherland ! Inanda, Wood, 177! 188! between Pietermaritzberg and Greytown,
Wilms, 2246! Vryheid, Sim, 2920! Dumisa, Rudatis, 490! Table Mountain,
Krauss, 455! and without precise locality, Gerrard, 585! Mrs, Hutton, 349!
Cooper, 3090 !
Meisner (in DC. Prodr. xiv. 596) has described three varieties, viz., pubescens,
glabratus and angustifolius, which cannot be maintained owing to the impossibility
of defining them by constant characters, as pointed out by Pearson, /.c. Bolus,
8246, has densely hairy and quite glabrous leaves in the same gathering. The
Species is polymorphic to a high degree.
Also in Tropical Africa,
78 THYMELAACEA (Wright). | Lasiosiphon.
18. L. hoepfnerianus (Vatke ex Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 268);
stems many from a woody rootstock, at first densely pilose, soon
glabrous ; leaves alternate, lanceolate, acute, 6 lin. long, 1 lin. wide,
at first silky, midrib prominent beneath ; involucral leaves ovate,
4-5 lin. long, 2-2} lin. wide, densely silky; heads terminal,
peduncled, many-flowered ; calyx densely silky outside ; tube about
9 lin. long ; lobes obovate, 14-2 lin. long, 1 lin. wide, yellow ; petals
membranous, oblong, obtuse, 2 lin. long ; anthers linear, obtuse,
2 lin. long; ovary oblong; style shorter than the calyx-tube;
stigma capitate. Pearson in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 233.
Gnidia hoepfneriana, Gilg in Jahrb. xix. 268; Hiern in Cat. Afr.
Pl. Welw. i. 925, partly.
KataHart REGION: Transvaal; Vereeniging, Leslie!
This may be only an extreme form of ZL. Kraussii, Meisn.
Also in Tropical Africa.
Imperfectly known species.
19. L. macranthus (Gandog. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, lx. 418,
1913); branches virgate, pubescent or laxly pilose, green; leaves
straight, not imbricate, oblong-ovate, mucronulate, slightly attenuate
below, nerved, rather lax, about 2 lin. wide, glabrous above, pube-
scent beneath ; flowers capitate ; calyx about 15 lin. long; lobes
yellow when dry, elliptic-obovate.
Coast Recion: Riversdale Div. ; Lange Berg Range, Schlechter, 1904.
Near LZ. anthylloides, Meisn.
20. L. oblongifolius (Gandog. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, lx. 418,
1913); a divaricately branched woolly undershrub ; leaves narrowly
cblong, acute, nerved ; flowers capitate, blackish when dried ; calyx
nearly 10 lin. long, tomentose outside, glabrous within, whitish.
Coast Recion: Port Elizabeth Div.; Port Elizabeth, Laidley, EB. S. C. A-
Herb. 485.
This is said to resemble a large form of L. anthylloides, Meisn.
X. ENGLERODAPHNE, Gilg.
Flowers hermaphrodite, 4-merous. Caly« subcylindrical, coloured,
glabrous; tube slightly constricted below the middle, not articu-
lated ; lobes patent. Petals bipartite, rather fleshy, shorter than
the calyx-lobes. Stamens 8, the upper slightly exserted ; anthers
with inconspicuous connective. Ovary sessile, 1-celled, very hispid ;
style excentric.
Distris. A single species extending to Tropical Africa,
1, E. leiosiphon (Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 274); a shrub, up to _
10 ft. high (Galpin), subscandent (Sim), glabrous, internodes up to
1 in. long; leaves opposite, very shortly petioled, ovate-oblong, up
Englerodaphne.| THYMEL®ACE& (Wright). 79
to 1 in. long and } in. wide, subacute, rounded at the base, quite
glabrous, pinnately nerved; flowers in terminal few-flowered
ebracteate heads; calyx glabrous; tube 6 lin. long, ampulliform
below, funnel-shaped above; lobes ovate-oblong, acute, 2 lin. long,
1 lin. wide at the base; petals 8, membranous, oblong, acute,
irregularly dentate; anthers oblong, ? lin. long, acute; ovary
ovate, compressed, with straight white hairs on the upper half as
long as itself; style excentric, half as long as the calyx-tube;
stigma capitate. Hngl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 284; Pearson in Dyer, Fl.
Trop. Afr. vi. i. 238 ; J. M. Wood in Trans. 8. Afr. Phil. Soc. xviii.
219. Gnidia subcordata, Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 430, and in DC.
Prodr. xiv. 586; Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 148.
Coast Recion: East London Div.; Buffalo River, at second creek, Galpin,
1845! East London, Miss Wormald, 85! Rattray, 82! King Williamstown Div. ;
King Williamstown, 1200 ft., Sim, 308! Komgha Div. ; near Komgha, 1500 ft.,
Flanagan, 318 !
Eastern Reaion: Transkei; Kentani, Miss Pegler, 175! Tembuland; at the
edge of woods near Morley, 1000-1500 ft., Drége, 4670. Natal; Pietermaritz-
burg, Sim ex Wood.
Also in Tropical Africa.
XI. SYNAPTOLEPIS, Oliv.
Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx-tube elongated, cylindrical, at
length swollen below, not articulated; lobes 5, patent. Petals
united into a short erect entire or obscurely 5-lobed ring at the
base of the calyx-lobes. Stamens 10 in two distinct whorls at the
upper end of the calyx-tube, the upper opposite the calyx-lobes and
not exceeding the corolla; anthers oblong with wide connective.
Hypogynous disc of minute scales or shortly cup-shaped, very thinly
membranous. Ovary shortly stalked, 1-celled, l-ovuled ; style long,
slender ; stigma cylindrical or capitate. Fruit dry, enclosed in the
persistent more or less fleshy base of the calyx ; pericarp crustaceous.
Seed exalbuminous ; testa membranous ; cotyledons fleshy.
Erect or climbing shrubs; leaves alternate, membranous or subcoriaceous ;
flowers solitary or fascicled in the leaf-axils, sessile or shortly stalked.
Distris. 7 species in Tropical and South Africa.
Petals glabrous ; hypogynous disc of small scales ... (1) Kirkii.
Petals fimbriate ; hypogynous disc cup-shaped, lobed ... (2) oliveriana.
1. 8. Kirkii (Oliv. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1074); a much-branched
shrub; branches divaricate, terete, slender, blackish, lenticillate ;
leaves opposite, ovate or elliptic-lanceolate, acute or subacute,
about 12 lin. long and 54 lin. wide, mucronulate, rounded at the
base, subcoriaceous, glabrous, very shortly petiolate ; flowers few in
axillary fascicles; calyx-tube 6-8 lin. long, slender, cylindrical
below, slightly widened above ; lobes oblong, 2} lin. long, nearly
1 lin. wide, obtuse ; petals united into a glabrous ring } lin. high ;
80 THYMELAZACES (Wright). | Synaptolepis. —
filaments short; anthers oval; ovary shortly. stalked, glabrous, —
with a ring of minute scales at its base; style shorter than the —
calyx-tube ; stigma small. Pearson in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i, @
247.
Eastern Recton: Delagoa Bay; 3 miles north-west of Lorenzo Marquez, |
80 ft., Bolus, 9762!
Also in Tropical Africa.
2. §. oliveriana (Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 276); a spreading
bush, about 2-3 ft. high (Monteiro) ; branches divaricate, terete,
blackish, lenticillate, glabrous ; leaves opposite, ovate or elliptic, up _
to 8 lin. long and 6 lin. wide, obtuse or subacute, rounded at the —
base, glabrous, shortly petioled, secondary nerves obscure ; flowers
white, pendulous, solitary or in pairs, axillary; bracteoles very —
small; calyx-tube funnel-shaped,.5 lin, long, glabrous ; lobes lanceo-
late, 2 lin. long, } lin. wide; petals united into a ring 3 lin. high,
fimbriate ; filaments short; anthers oval; ovary ovoid, sessile, —
surrounded at the base by a wrinkled glabrous cup-shaped disc. —
S. Kirkii, Gilg in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 6 A, 231,
fig. 81, F-J.
EasTERN Recion: Delagoa Bay, Monteiro, 45! Schlechter, 12165 !
XII. PEDDIEA, Harv.
Flowers hermaphrodite, 4-5-merous. Calya deciduous ; tube sub- —
cylindrical, naked in the throat ; lobes short, patent. Petals none. 4
Stamens 8 or 10, in two series included in the calyx-tube ; filaments
very short; anthers oblong, with very small connective. Hypo 4
gynous disc cup-shaped, entire or lobed. Ovary shortly stalked, —
2-celled, cells l-ovuled ; style shortly filiform ; stigma capitate OF —
more or Jess saucer-shaped. Fruit naked ; exocarp fleshy ; endocarp —
hard, 1-(rarely 2-) seeded. Seed exalbuminous, rarely with scanty —
albumen ; testa membranous ; cotyledons broad, rather fleshy. ;
Glabrous shrubs ; leaves alternate, subcoriaceous or membranous ; flowers in |
terminal umbels,
Disrris, 8 species in Tropical Africa and 1 in South Africa,
1, P. africana (Harv. in Hook. Journ. Bot. ii, 266, t. 10, 1840); am —
erect shrub ; branches glabrous, at length greyish ; leaves alternate,
sometimes clustered at the ends of the branches, ovate-oblong, up tO _
4} in. long and nearly 2 in. wide, obtuse, membranous ; peduncle —
3-1} in. long, slender, ebracteate or with a few basal bracts, 6—12-
flowered ; pedicels 3-6 lin. long; calyx-tube 6 lin. long, glabrous;
lobes ovate, 2 lin. long, 1 lin. wide, revolute, acute; anthers } lin.
long; hypogynous dise } lin. long, membranous, fimbriate ; ovaTy
ovoid, glabrous or hairy at the apex; ovules pendulous. Meisn. i” —
DC. Prodr. xiv. 528; Drége in Linnea, xx. 209; Wood, Natal Pl
t. 87, and in Trans. 8. Afr. Phil. Soc. xviii. 219; Sim, For. Fl. Cape
Peddiea. | THYMELAACE (Wright). 81
Col. 301, ¢. 153, fig. 2. P. Dregei and P. Harveyi, Meisn. in DC.
Prodr. xiv. 528. Cyathodiscus umbellatus, Hochst. in Flora, 1842,
240. Cestrum umbellatum, E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei PA. Documente,
154, 159. Psilolena umbellata, Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 102 ; Walp.
Ann. i, 589.
Coast Recioy: Komgha Div.; Gwenkala River and near Komgha, 1800-
2000 ft., Flanagan, 693!
KaLAHARI REGION: Transvaal ; margin of woods, Upper Moodies, Barberton,
4500 ft., Galpin, 962! Woodbush, Grenfell, 10! Rehmann, 5948! Potatobosch,
4750 ft., Burtt-Davy, 1195!
Eastern Recion: Transkei ; Kentani, 1000 ft., Miss Pegler, 491! Pondoland ;
between Umtentu River and Umzinkulu River, under 500 ft., Drége, near Fort
Donald, Sim, 2394! Griqualand East ; Zuurberg Range, 4590 ft., Z’'yson, 2807!
Natal ; Durban, Peddie! Plant, 14! Cooper, 1229! Drége! Krauss, 427! Wood,
1013 ! Inanda, Wood, 580! Pietermaritzburg, Cordules, 31 ! Dumisa, Rudatis, 652 !
Kettlefontein, Cooper, 1210! Howick, Mrs. Hutton, 10! Ngoma Forest, Vryheid,
Sim, 2939! and without precise locality, Gerrard, 327! Sanderson, 301! 532!
Cooper, 3092! Zululand ; Umlalazi, Ngoya Forest, Sim, 2940! Qudeni Forest,
6000 ft., Wood, 7902! Swaziland; Forbes Reef, Burtt-Davy, 2798! and without
precise locality, Miss Stewart !
The floral differences upon which Meisner founded his two species are probably
due to sexual variation, and not to constant specific characters. The bracts near
the base of the peduncle are caducous.
ca
OrpER CXIX. PENAACEA.
(By E. L. Srepuens.)
Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Perianth inferior, persistent,
accrescent, 4-lobed ; tube cylindrical ; lobes equal, valvate or redupli-
cate-valvate in bud. Stamens four, inserted in the throat of the
perianth and alternating with its lobes; filaments usually not
longer than the anthers; anthers basifixed or rarely versatile ;
cells 2, introrse, adnate to the connective and often shorter than it,
margin of the valves membranous. Ovary free, 4-celled, cells
opposite the lobes of calyx, without a central column ; style terete
and terminated by a 4-lobed capitate stigma; or with 4 wings or
angles alternating with the cells, topped by 4 oblong cruciform lobes,
and with four minute cushion-like stigmatic surfaces in the angles
between the lobes below the apex of the style; or rarely terete
with 4 ridges at the base and 4 upright cruciform lobes at the apex,
and 4 minute cushion-like stigmatic surfaces in the angles between
the lobes. Ovules anatropous, 2 or 4 in each cell, basal, erect ; or
4 in each cell, inserted half-way down on an axile placenta, 2 erect
and 2 pendulous. Capsule loculicidal. Seeds by abortion 1-2 in
each cell, erect or more rarely pendulous, according to the position
of the ovules, exalbuminous; testa smooth, glossy, sometimes puncti-
culate ; tegumen membranous ; hilum furrowed at the base ; funicle
FL. C.—VOL. V.—SECT. II. a
82 PEN-EACE (Stephens).
very short, white, swollen; raphe filiform, extrorse, coloured ; |
funicle and raphe separable from the seed; embryo conic-ovoid, —
with the massive hypocotyl terminated towards the hilum by the
truncate concave radicle, and towards the chalaza by 2 very minute —
cotyledons,
|
Small shrubs or undershrubs of an ericoid habit; leaves decussate, often
imbricate, entire, coriaceous, feather-veined, flat or rarely ericoid or partially
revolute, sessile or very shortly petiolate ; stipules when present minute, awl-like
or auriculate or sometimes glandular ; sete or minute scales often present in the —
axils of the leaves; flowers sessile or on very short pedicels, solitary or in much
reduced racemes, lateral or approximated at the ends of the branches ; bracts
leaf-like, or differing from the leaves in colour and form ; bracteoles opposite, 1
one or more pairs, sometimes very caducous.
Distrip. Genera 5, species 21, endemic in the coast region of South Africa.
Tribe I, PEN AE,—Ovules 2 or 4 in each cell, basal, erect (in Brachysiphow —
rupestris occasionally 2 erect and 2 pendulous in each cell).
I. Penwa.—Perianth-tube subequal to the limb or twice as long ; lobes j
erect, valvate in bud. Style 4-winged or 4-angled, rarely cylindrical, ;
topped by 4 cruciform lobes ; stigmatic surfaces 4, minute, cushion- —
like, in the angles between lobes of the style just below its apex.
Il. Brachysiphon.—Perianth-tube subequal to the limb or nearly twice as 4
long ; lobes erect, or reflexed only in the faded flower, reduplicate- —
valvate in bud. Style filiform, terete or cylindrical ; stigma small, —
capitate, obscurely 4-lobed. a
III. Sareocolla.—Perianth-tube about 3 times as long as the limb; lobes —
refiexed on opening, reduplicate-valvate in bud. Stamens exserted. —
Style filiform, terete ; stigma capitate, obscurely 4-lobed.
Tribe II, ENDONEME.—Ovules 4 in each cell, inserted half-way down on am
axile placenta, 2 erect and 2 pendulous. “3
IV. Glischrocolla.—Flowers approximated at the tips of the branches
Perianth-tube about 3 times as long as the limb. Filaments erect, —
very short.
VY. Endonema.—Flowers lateral. Perianth-tube about 4 times as long a
the limb. Filaments folded in bud, becoming erect as the flower
opens, subulate above the fold, ligulate below.
I. PENAA, Linn.
Perianth-tube cylindrical or ovate-cylindric, twice as long as the |
limb or subequal to it, subequal to the bracts; lobes erect, valvate
in bud, Stamens shorter than the perianth-lobes ; filaments ve
short, flattened ; anthers with thick fleshy 2-lobed connecti
bearing a small obliquely-placed cell on the inner side of each lobe
near the base ; margin of the valves fimbriate. Ovary and style
long as the perianth ; ovary 4-angled, glabrous or minutely scabrous
ovules 2 or 4 in each cell, basal erect ; style usually with 4 longt
tudinal membranous wings or 4-angled, easily separable into 4 part
wings or angles alternating with the cells and topped by 4 #
oblong lobes, arranged in a cruciform manner (stigmata of ©
authors) ; or style terete, with 4 longitudinal ridges at the base
Pena. | PEN.EACE® (Stephens). 85
4 upright lobes at the apex ; stigmatic surfaces in each case 4,
rather minute, cushion-like, in the angles between the lobes just
below the apex of the style.
Low much-branched undershrubs ; branches quadrangular in the younger parts,
becoming terete lower down, upper more or less thickly beset with leaves, lower
often defoliated ; flowers either lateral in the axils of leaf-like bracts, or
approximated at the tips of the branches in the axils of the upper leaves, which
generally pass suddenly into broader and somewhat shorter concave leaf-like
coloured bracts ; whole inflorescence then greenish-yellow, or tinged to a rosy or
brownish-red ; bracteoles usually 2, concave, shorter and narrower than the bracts.
Distris. Species 13, endemic,
§ 1. Evrenxa,.—Ovary glabrous. Style winged.
Perianth-lobes deltoid, acute or obtuse ; :
Lower leaves ovate, acute, upper cordate, acumi-
nate pt ome ee eas .-- (1) mucronata.
Leaves ovate or elliptical, subacute or obtuse,
3-6 lin. long... ros ve _ .-- (2) ovata.
Leaves lanceolate or elliptical, obtuse, 6-15 lin.
long, 24-5 lin. broad is ae ... (3) myrtoides.
Leaves linear, obtuse, 9-14 lin. long, 14-2 lin.
... (4) myrtifolia,
Leaves linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, very
acute, 5-10 lin. long oe Ss ... (5) Cneorum.
Perianth-lobes subulate :
Leaves linear-lanceolate or elliptical, very acute,
3~12 lin. long eee mee Fee ... (6) acutifolia,
§ 2. Srynaprervus.—Ovary scabrous. Style wingless.
Style angular, topped by four flat oblong lobes :
Flower 14-2 lin. long oe ... (7) fruticulosa.
Flower 3-4 lin. long:
Leaves flattenéd, elliptical ... ene ... (8) candolleana.
Leaves ericoid, channelled beneath :
Bundle of short brown sete in axil of leaf at a
each side Bat pee ‘ ... (9) ericoides.
Bundle of long woolly whitish-brown hairs in
axil of leaf at each side bee ... (10) barbata.
Style terete, angled at the base only:
Leaves acicular. Style topped by four upright eee
ovate lobes... — an at ... (11) ericifolia.
Leaves flat, ovate or elliptical, Apex of style :
unknown a bes oe ... (12) dubia.
1. P. mucronata (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. ii. 162); a small erect much-
branched undershrub, }-14 ft. high, branching mainly at the
base ; branches finely pubescent in the younger parts ; lower leaves
erect or spreading, ovate, acute, 4—6 lin. long, 3-4 lin. broad, upper
often very close-ranked, erect-reflexed or spreading, cordate to sub-
cordate or rarely ovate, acuminate, wide at the base, with prominent
dorsal nerve, 2-4 lin. long, 14-3 lin. broad, passing suddenly into
bracts at the apex of the flowering shoot ; stipules 2, very minute,
auriculate, continued up into a subulate point, minutely pubescent ;
_ bracts shorter and wider than the leaves, sessile or contracted into
ae ee ee ; G 2
84 PEN ZACE (Stephens). | Penea.
a short stalk, cordate-auriculate, cuspidate, deciduous ; bracteoles
linear-lanceolate or oblong, acuminate, with a membranous fimbriate
margin, deciduous; perianth 3-4 lin. long; tube ovate-cylindric,
nearly twice as long as the limb; lobes deltoid, acute; ovary
glabrous ; style topped by 4 flat oblong cruciform lobes with a wing
decurrent from each. Thunb. Prodr. 30, and Fl. Cap. 149 ; Meerb.
Pl. Rar. Depict. t.51, fig. 2 (by error fig. 3 in text; very bad fig.) ;
Vent. Hort. Malm. t. 87 (figs. 3 and 4 bad); Lam. Eneycl. vi. 539;
Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1770; A. Juss. in Ann. Sci. Nat. 3 sér. vi. 22,
t.1, fig. 1; A.DO. in DC. Prodr, xiv. 484 (excl. vars.) ; Gilg in
Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 6 A, 212, and fig. 73, 8-V ; Drege
in Linnea, xx. 207, 208 (also var. microphylla) ; Endl. Gen. Suppl.
iv. i. 73 (also var. Dreget).
Soura Arrica: without locality, Burmann, 50! 74! Spielhaus! Bergius!
Banks! Sieber, 60! Roxburgh! Forster! Bowie, 38! Drége! Zeyher, 279! and
many others | ;
Coast Recion: Paarl Div. ; Simons Berg, Drége! Worcester Div. ; Dutoits
Kloof, Dréye, 8160! Cape Div. ; Table Mountain, Thwnberg! Burchell, 623!
Ecklon, 622! 623! Drége, 104! Zeyher, 3726! 3727! Bergius, 330! Ludwig!
Bolus, 2915! Bachmann, 305! Diels, 104! Devils Peak, Krauss! Wilms, 3601!
Wolley-Dod, 619! Camps Bay, Burchell, 394! 894! False Bay, Reynauld!
Simons Bay, Perrottet, 557! Boivin, 557! Wright! MacGillivray, 587! Krauss!
near Cape Town, Knoop, 15! Burchell, 442! Castlenau, 464! 465! Cape Flats,
Doornhoogte, Dréye, 78! Wynberg, Burchell, 863! Constantia, Ecklon & Zeyher,
4! 5! Stellenbosch Div. ; mountains near Stellenbosch, Drége, 8159 |! Hottentots
Holland mountains, Diels, 1289! Caledon Div.; without precise locality,
Verreaux! Palmiet River, Penther, 1596! Zwart River, Drége, 3726! Houw
Hoek Mountains, Drége, 53! near Caledon, Penther, 1599 ! Zwartberg and near the
hot springs, Hcklon & Zeyher, 6! mountains near Genadendal, Drége! Burchell,
7612! 8618! Bredasdorp Div.; Elim, Schlechter, 7635! Swellendam Div. ;
without precise locality, Verreaux! mountains near Swellendam, Ecklon &
Zeyher. Riversdale Div. ; near Riversdale, Rust, 157! 589! between Little Vet
River and Garcias Pass, Burchell, 6860! 6866! Garcias Pass, Galpin, 4533!
Phillips, 304! Knysna Div. ; Plettenbergs Bay, Mund! Uitenhage Div.; Van —
Stadens River, Ecklon, 279!
I have reduced vars. microphylla and Dregei, as there is a series connecting —
them with the type. They are probably forms of sterile localities.
Gueinzius’ 185, marked ‘‘ Port Natal,”’ was probably collected at the Cape.
2. P. ovata (Eckl. & Zeyh. ex A. Juss. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 3™° sér.
vi. 22, name only); an erect much-branched undershrub, 1—2 ft-
high; branches glabrous; leaves ovate or elliptical, subacute oF —
obtuse, with prominent dorsal nerve, 3-6 lin. long, 14-3 lin. broad, —
passing suddenly into bracts at the apex of the flowering shoot; —
stipules 2, minute, auriculate, continued up into a subulate point; —
sete 1-3 in the axil at each side of the leaf; bracts shorter and |
wider than the leaves, sessile or contracted into a stalk, cordate or
ovate, widely auriculate, obtuse or acute, rarely acuminate, deciduous ;_
bracteoles linear or spathulate, acute, with a membranous margi, |
deciduous ; perianth 3-4 lin. long ; tube ovate-cylindric, twice a5 _
long as the limb; lobes deltoid, acute or obtuse ; ovary glabrous ;
style topped by 4 flat oblong cruciform lobes, with a wing decurrent—
from each lobe. A.DC. in DO. Prodr. xiv. 484. P. mucronate, —
Pena. PEN.ZACE-E (Stephens). 85
p
var. Dreget ajfinis, A. Juss. lc. P. affinis, Endl. Gen. Suppl. iv. ii.
73. P. sp., E. Meyer in Drege, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 84, 210.
Var. 8, intermedia (Endl. Gen. Suppl. iv. ii. 73); leaves longer and narrower
than in the type, elliptical or lanceolate, acute or obtuse, narrowing to the base,
5-7 lin. long, 2-23 lin. broad. A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 484. P. ovata, Drége
in Linnea, xx. 207. P. myrtoides, var. multiflora, Krauss in Flora, 1845, 77,
name and locality only. P. myrtilloides, Meisn. in Hook. Lond. Journ. 1843, 556,
not of Thunb. P. sp., EL. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pf. Documente, 117, 210, P.
sp., A. Juss. in Ann. Sc, Nat. 3me. sér. vi. 22.
Var. y, concinna (E. L. Stephens) ; branches virgate, very erect ; leaves erect,
very regularly arranged, giving the plant a very trim appearance, slightly shorter
and proportiouately broader than in the type; flowers and bracts smaller than in
the type; perianth 2-24 lin. long.
Soura Arrica: without locality, Burmann! var. 8B: Thunberg! Verreaux!
Masson!
Coast Recton: Swellendam Div. ; mountains near Swellendam, £cklon &
Zeyher, 7! Mossel Bay Div.; mountain slopes, Robinson Pass, Taylor in
MacOwan & Bolus, Herb. Norm. Austr.-Afr., 1070! Knysna Div. ; Outeniqua
Mountains, Bolus, 1562! between Knysna and Plettenbergs Bay, Pappe!
Uitenhage Div. ; Van Stadens Berg, Drége, 8157 ! Ecklon & Zeyher, 1! Zeyher, 3727
partly! Hallack in Herb. Galpin, 3011! Zeyher, 279! near Elands River, Ecklon &
Zeyher! Port Elizabeth Div.; at the upper part of Maitland River, Burchell,
4613! Var. 8: Stellenbosch Diy. ; around Somerset West, Ecklon & Zeyher, 2!
Mossel Bay Div. ; Attaqua’s Kloof, Drége, 8156a! Uitenhage Div. ; by streams
on Winterhoek Mountains, Arauss, 1213! Var. y: George Div.; on the
Cradock Berg, near George, Burchell, 5968 ! 6017! Humansdorp Div. ; Kruisfontein
Mountains, Galpin, 4535 ! Kromme River, in a high-lying valley, Drége, 8158 !
P. myrtilloides, Thunb. Fl. Cap. 149, seems to be either var. intermedia or
P. myrtoides, but the description leaves this doubtful. The specimens named
P. myrtilloides in Thunberg’s own herbarium are partly var. intermedia, partly
P. myrtoides and partly P. acutifolia.
3. P. myrtoides (Linn. f. Suppl. 122); an erect much-branched
undershrub, 1-2 ft. high; branches glabrous; leaves erect or
suberect, lanceolate or elliptical, obtuse, with a more or less
prominent dorsal nerve, 6-15 lin. long, 2$-—5 lin. broad, passing
suddenly into bracts at the apex of the flowering shoot ; stipules 2,
minute, auriculate, continued up into a subulate point; sete 1-2,
in the axil at each side of the leaf; bracts shorter and wider than
the leaves, sessile or contracted into a stalk, outer lanceolate to
hastate, inner cordate, subacuminate, apex obtuse, deciduous ;
bracteoles oblong-ovate or linear, obtuse, with a membranous
slightly fimbriate margin, deciduous ; perianth 3-4 lin. long ; tube
ovate-cylindric, twice as long as limb ; lobes deltoid, obtuse ; ovary
glabrous ; style topped by 4 flat oblong cruciform lobes with a wing
decurrent from each. Lam. Encyel. vi. 539; E. Meyer in Drege,
Zwei Pfl. Documente, 117, 210, name only; A. Juss. in Ann. Se. Nat.
3 sér. vi. 22, excl. syn., name only; A. DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 485.
P. myrtilloides, Thunb. Prodr, 30, and Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 1497
P. ovata, var. colorata, Eckl. & Zeyh, ea Drége in Linnea, xx. 207 :
name only. P. ovata, var. mucronata, Eckl. & Zeyh. ex A.DC. in
DC. Prodr, xiv. 485.
aha AFRICA: without locality, Thunberg! Mund & Maire, 22! Burman!
ége!
86 PEN ZACE (Stephens). | Penea.
Coast Recion: Swellendam Div.; by the Zondereinde River, Zeyher!
mountains of Swellendam, Tradouw, and Grootvaders Bosch, Bowie! Mossel
Bay Div. ; without precise locality, Zeyher, 1949! George Div.; mountains
near George, Burchell, 6026! 6069! Bowie! Galpin, 4531! Bolus, 2439! Dreége,
3548! Ecklon & Zeyher! near Touw River, Burchell, 5723! 5780! Knysna Div. ;
mountain-slopes near Knysna, Newdigate, 31! and in MacOwan, Herb. Austr.-
Afr., 1644! Uniondale Div.; Lange Kloof, Zeyher, 18! Humansdorp Div.;
Zitzikamma, Pappe! Uitenhage Div. ; Elands River Mountains, Zeyher, 3723 !
The original description in Linn. f. Suppl. was probably made from a specimen
of Thunberg’s, which I have not seen. I have here taken Drége’s specimens as
types. It is difficult to separate small-leaved specimens of this species from
large-leaved forms of ovata ; typical plants of the two are quite distinct, but some
of the intermediate forms cannot be placed definitely in either species.
The varietal name ‘‘ mucronata” quoted by De Candolle is probably due to a
slip of the pen and stands for ‘‘colorata,” there being no specimen named var.
mucronata in the Berlin Herbarium.
4, P, myrtifolia (Endl. Gen. Suppl. iv. ii. 73, name only) ; an erect
much-branched undershrub, 1-2 ft. high; branches glabrous or
rarely puberulous in the youngest parts ; leaves rather close-ranked
near the apex of the shoot, erect or suberect, linear, obtuse, with a
distinct dorsal nerve, 9-14 lin. long, 14-2 lin. broad, passing
suddenly into bracts at the apex of the flowering shoot ; stipules 2,
very minute, auriculate, continued up into a subulate point ; sete
several in the axil at each side of the leaf; bracts shorter and
wider than the leaves, sessile or contracted into a short stalk, outer
lanceolate to hastate, inner ovate-auriculate or rhomboid, obtuse,
deciduous ; bracteoles oblong or oblong-obovate, obtuse or acute, with
a membranous slightly fimbriate margin, deciduous ; perianth 3-4 lin.
long ; tube ovate-cylindric, twice as long as limb ; lobes deltoid,
obtuse or acute ; ovary glabrous; style topped by 4 flat oblong
cruciform lobes, with a wing decurrent from each. A.DC. in DC.
Prodr, xiv. 485.. P. Cneorum, Meisn. in Hook. Lond. Journ. 1843, 556 ;
Krauss in Flora, 1845, 77. Pena an diversa a P. myrtoide? A. Juss.
in Ann. Sc. Nat. 3” sér. vi. 22, name only,
Sout Arrica : without locality, Roxburgh!
Coast Kecion: George Div.; rather moist places on the mountains, Drege,
8155b (partly)! in the forest and at its edge between bushes, Drége, 8155a! in
damp places and by streams between Touw River and Kaymans River, Burchell,
5780! on the banks of the Notsinakama River, A’rauss! between Malgaten River
and Great Brak River, Burchell, 6143! Uitenhage Div.; without locality,
Zeyher, 338!
5. P. Cneorum (Meerb. Pl. Rar. Depict. t. 51, fig. 3 in plate,
2 in text); an erect much-branched undershrub, 1—2 ft. high ;
branches puberulous in the youngest parts; leaves erect or
spreading, or rarely reflexed, linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, very
acute, dorsal nerve distinct, 5-10 lin. long, 13-2} lin. broad,
passing suddenly into bracts at the apex of the flowering shoot ;
stipules 2, minute, auriculate, continued up into a _subulate
point; seta solitary in the axil at each side of the leaf; bracts
od
Penea.| PEN@:ACE# (Stephens), 87
shorter and wider than the leaves, sessile or contracted into a short
stalk, outer lanceolate or hastate, inner cordate or cordate-auri-
culate, acuminate-acute, deciduous; bracteoles linear or linear-
lanceolate, acuminate-acute, with a membranous fimbriate margin,
deciduous ; perianth 3-4 lin. long; tube ovate-cylindric, twice as
long as the limb ; lobes deltoid, acute ; ovary glabrous ; style topped
by 4 flat oblong cruciform lobes, with a wing decurrent from each.
Lam. Ml. i, 317, and Encyel. vi. 541; not of Krauss or Meisner ;
A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 485.
SoutH AFrica: without locality, Mund & Maire! Roxburgh ! Queinzius !
Coast Rrcton : Stellenbosch Div. ; around Somerset West, Ecklon & Zeyher, 2!
Swellendam Div. ; banks of the Zondereinde River, near Appels Kraal, Eksteens,
and neighbouring mountains, Zeyher! Uitenhage Div., Zeyher, 62!
6. P. acutifolia (A. Juss. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 3™° sér. vi. 22); an
erect much-branched undershrub, 1—2 ft. high; branches glabrous ;
leaves erect or spreading, linear-lanceolate or elliptical, acute at the
base, very acute at the apex, dorsal nerve usually prominent, 12-13
lin. long, 24-1 lin. broad, passing suddenly into bracts at the apex
of the flowering shoot; stipules 2, very minute, auriculate, with
the apex continued up into a subulate point ; sete 2-3 in the axil
at each side of the leaf; bracts shorter and wider than the leaves,
sessile or contracted into a stalk, ovate or rhomboid, acuminate-
acute, deciduous ; bracteoles linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, acu-
minate-acute, with a membranous fimbriate margin, deciduous ;
perianth 3-4 lin. long; tube not or scarcely exceeding the limb ;
lobes subulate, deltoid-acuminate ; ovary glabrous ; style topped by
4 flat oblong cruciform lobes, with a wing decurrent from each.
A.DC. in DC. Prodr, xiv. 485.
Sovru Arrica: without locality, Thunberg! Mund & Maire! Burmann!
Coast Raion: George Div. ; Cradock Berg and other mountains near George,
Drége, 8155b (partly)! Burchell, 5913! 6018! Alexander! Bowie! Galpin, 4532!
Bolus, 8691! Montague Pass, Penther, 1601!
7. P. fruticulosa (Linn. f. Suppl. 121); a small, much-branched
undershrub, 3-1} ft. high ; branches erect or decumbent, glabrous
or sparsely scabrous ; leaves equally distributed, erect or suberect,
sessile or narrowed at the base into a very short stalk ; dorsal nerve
obscure except at the extreme base ; lower leaves obovate, some-
times orbicular, obtuse to subacute,; upper obovate or orbicular to
elliptical, ovate or rhomboidal, obtuse to subacute or acute, 3-1}
lin. long, 14-3 lin, broad; stipules 2, minute, aw|-like or gland-
like ; two groups of several short set in the axil at each side otf
the leaf; sete in the axils of the upper leaves, bracts and bracteoles
usually persistent, setee of the bracteoles forming a circlet on the
apex of the pedicel ; bracts of the form and size of ordinary foliage
leaves ; bracteoles 6 or 4 to each flower, outer pair semicoriaceous,
inner scarious, ovate or obovate, cuspidate-acute, margin entire or
fimbriate, 11-2 lin. long, 1-1} lin. broad, deciduous; perianth
88 PEN AACE (Stephens). | Penea.
14-2} lin. long, subeampanulate ; tube cylindrical, slightly exceeding
the limb; lobes deltoid-acute or acuminate ; ovary scabrous ; style
topped by 4 flat oblong cruciform lobes, angled beneath each lobe.
Thunb. Prodr. 30, and Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 149; Lam. Encycl. vi.
540; E. Meyer in Drege, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 112, 210; Krauss in
Flora, 1845, 77. Stylapterus fruticulosus, A. Juss. in Ann. Sc. Nat.
3” sér. vi. 23; ADC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 486, excl. var.
SourH AFRICA: without locality, Sparrman, 19! 34! in Herb. Linneus!
Burmann! Masson in Herb. Lambert, 8686! Lichtenstein! Roxburgh! Mund &
Maire! Drége! Boivin! Zeyher, 4750! Wallich !
Coast Rucron: Cape Div. ; Simons Bay, Wright! Alexander! Boivin! dunes
in the neighbourhood of False Bay and Table Bay, Schlechter, 805! Reynauld !
Zeyher! Drege, 112! Bergius, 327! Sandy Flats near Riet Vlei, Thunberg ! Vyge-
kraal Farm, Wolley-Dod, 978! Cape Flats, Ecklon, 624! Wolley-Dod, 1341!
Burchell, 161! 718! Bowie! East slopes of Table Mountain near Constantia,
Zeyher, 242! 1481! Ecklon & Zeyher, 3! Caledon Div. ; on stony hills at Grabouw
and near Palmiet River, Bolus, 4189 !
8. P. candolleana (E. L. Stephens in Kew Bulletin, 1911, 358) ;
an undershrub, about | ft. high, “alpine, procumbent on the rocks”
(Niven) ; lower parts with a reddish bark, defoliated ; leaves close-
ranked on the upper parts,.erect or more often spreading, narrowed
at the base into a short petiole, elliptical, obtuse to acute, usually
with a slight central furrow beneath, 3-4 lin. long, 1-1} lin. broad,
exstipulate ; a few minute brown sete in the axils at each side of
leaves, bracts and bracteoles ; bracts of the form and size of ordinary
foliage leaves, persistent; bracteoles 2, deciduous, rarely seen,
leaving a scar on each side of the apex of the pedicel, elliptical or
lanceolate, with a coriaceous centre and membranous margin,
shorter than the bracts; perianth narrowly cylindric-ovate, 35-+
lin. long ; tube twice as long as the limb ; lobes deltoid, acuminate ;
wae topped by 4 flat oblong cruciform lobes, angled beneath each
obe.
Sout Arrica : without locality or collector’s name in Herb, De Candolle !
Coast Recon: Stellenbosch Div. ; Stellenbosch, Niven (British Museum) !
9. P. ericoides (Endl. Gen. Suppl. iv. ii. 73); an erect much-
branched undershrub, 1-2 ft. high, of heathlike habit; branches
glabrous or sparsely scabrous; leaves close-ranked, equally dis-
tributed, erect or spreading, sessile, linear-lanceolate, acute, acerose,
with a narrow central channel beneath, dorsal nerve obscure,
23-4 lin. long, 4-4 lin. broad, exstipulate ; bundle of short brown
sete in the axil at each side of the leaf, and in the axil of bracts
and bracteoles ; bracts of the form and size of ordinary foliage-
_ leaves, persistent ; bracteoles 2 (7), very caducous, seen only in the
young buds, leaving a scar on each side of the apex of the pedicel,
linear-lanceolate, leathery, not channelled beneath, about }—} the
length of the leaves ; perianth cylindric-ovate, 31—4 lin. long ; tube
8-ribbed, hardly exceeding the limb ; lobes linear-deltoid or subulate,
acuminate; ovary scabrous ; style topped by 4 flat oblong cruciform
Penea. | PEN ZACE& (Stephens). 89
lobes, angled beneath each lobe. Gilg in Enal. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
ill. 6 A, 212. Stylapterus ericoides, A. Juss. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 3” sér.
vi. 23; A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 487.
SoutH Arrica; without locality, Roxburgh (Herb. Delessert)! Niven (British
Museum)!
10. P. barbata (Endl. Gen. Suppl. iv. ii. 73); an erect much-
branched undershrub, 1-2 ft. high ; branches glabrous or sparsely
scabrous ; leaves close-ranked, equally distributed, erect or suberect,
sessile, lanceolate to subulate, with the margin much thickened
beneath, leaving a broadly lanceolate central channel, with a very
narrow upturned edge above, dorsal nerve obscure, 3—5 lin. long,
3-l lin. broad, exstipulate with a bundle of long simple pale brown
airs in the axil at each side of the leaf, falling after the leaves ;
bracts of the form and size of ordinary foliage leaves, and provided
with similar bundles of hairs, persistent ; bracteoles\2, rarely seen,
linear-lanceolate, leathery, not channelled beneath, one-third the
length of the leaves, caducous, leaving a scar on each side of the
apex of the pedicel; perianth 2-3 lin. long; tube cylindric-ovate,
8-ribbed, hardly exceeding the limb; lobes deltoid-acute or acu-
minate ; ovary scabrous ; style with 4 flat oblong cruciform lobes,
angled beneath each lobe. Gilg in Engl. d& Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii.
6 A, 212. Stylapterus barbatus, A. Juss. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 3” sér. vi.
23; A.DO. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 486.
Sourn Arrica : without locality, Roxburgh (Herb. Delessert) !
ll. P. ericifolia (Gilg in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 6 A,
212, fig. 73, O) ; an erect much-branched undershrub, 1-14 (?) ft. high,
of a heathlike habit; branches glabrous or sparsely scabrous
continued beyond the flowering region ; leaves close-ranked, equally
distributed, erect or spreading, sessile, acicular, flattened-trigonal,
very acute, 5-6 lin. long, }~$ lin. broad, with a bundle ot very
minute brown sete or a minute pulvinus on each side of their axils,
exstipulate ; flowers lateral ; bracts of the form and size of ordinary
foliage leaves, with sete in their axils, persistent ; pedicel 4 lin.
long, with a pair of scars (probably of very caducous bracteoles),
accompanied by minute set, at the base of the flower ; perianth
cylindric-ovate, 3—4 lin. long; tube 8-ribbed, twice as long as the
limb ; lobes deltoid-acuminate ; ovary minutely scabrous ; style
filiform, expanded at the base into 4 short longitudinal ridges
alternating with the cells of the ovary, and at the apex into 4
upright ovate cruciform lobes (“4-lobed stigma” of other authors),
also alternating with the cells of the ovary ; stigmatic surfaces as
in other species 4, rather minute, cushion-like, in the angles between
the lobes. Brachysiphon ericefolius, A. Juss, in Ann. Sc. Nat. 3"
sér. vi. 24; A.DC. in DO. Prodr. xiv. 487.
Sourn Arrica: without locality, Roxburgh (Herb. Delessert)! Niven (British
Museum)!
90 PEN HACE (Stephens). | Peneea.
12. P. dubia (E. L. Stephens in Kew Bulletin, 1910, 257) ; erect
branched undershrub, about 1 ft. high (?); branches minutely
scabrous ; leaves erect, sessile, ovate or elliptical, acute or mucronate-
acute, with dorsal nerve obscure except at the extreme base, 24-35
lin. long, 14-2 lin. broad, exstipulate, with 1-2 minute brown sete
at each side of the axil ; flowers lateral, sessile; bracts of the form
and size of ordinary foliage leaves ; bracteoles 2 pairs at the base
of the flower ; outer pair at right angles to the leaf, semicoriaceous,
concave, oblong-acute or mucronate ; inner pair parallel with the
leaf, membranous, ovate, acuminate-acute; tube of persistent
perianth (at fruiting stage) 3 lin. long ; lobes erect to one-third of
their length, then reflexed, deltoid, acute, 1 lin. long; ovary in
fruit slightly rough, with ill-defined projections ; style filiform,
scabrous, minutely tuberculate, with 4 small obscure horizontal
ridges at its base, which alternate with the cells and are sometimes
bifid by a continuation of the furrow between them; apex of style
not seen; seeds 2 in each cell, basal.
SoutH Arrica: without locality, Roxburgh (Herb. Delessert) !
The affinities of this species are doubtful, the solitary specimen being in the
fruiting stage and showing neither the stamens nor the upper half of the style.
I have placed it next P. ericifolia because of the projections at the base of the
‘style, which may correspond to the more definite ridges at the base of the style in
that species. Its general habit is that of a small-leaved P. ovata, but in its
inflorescence it resembles the three preceding species. In the number and form
of its bracts it approaches P. fruticulosa, and its perianth is that of P. ericifolia
except for the’reflexed lobes—a point which, however, is probably not important,
as the perianth-lobes in any species of Penwa may occasionally reflex in the
fruiting stage. 2
Inperfectly known species.
13. P. macrosiphon (Gandog. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Ix. 420,
1913); an undershrub about 6 in. high ; stems simple ; leaves imbri-
cate, straight not spreading, ovate, cuspidate, rounded (not sheathing)
at the base, about 3 lin. wide, midrib prominent beneath ; flowers
about 5 lin. long, pedicellate.
Coast REGion: Cape Div. ; Retrait near Cape Town, Bonomi.
Allied to P. mucronata, Linn., from which it is distinguished by its larger size
and erect, not spreading, leaves.
II. BRACHYSIPHON, A. Juss.
Perianth-tube cylindrical or ovate-cylindric, nearly twice as long
as the limb or subequal to it, longer than or subequal to the
bracts; lobes erect or reflexing only in the faded flower,
reduplicate-valvate in bud. Stamens shorter than the perianth-
lobes ; filaments very short ; anthers as long as the filaments, with
cells adnate on a thick lobed connective and usually shorter than
it. Ovary and style at first as long as the perianth-tube, later.
surpassing it; ovary four-angled, glabrous or minutely scabrous ;
_ ovules 2 or 4 in each cell, basal, erect (in B. rupestris occasionally
Brachy siphon. | PEN HACE (Stephens). 91
4 in each cell, inserted half-way down on a median placenta, 2 erect
and 2 pendulous) ; style filiform, terete or cylindrical ; stigma small,
obscurely 4-lobed.
Low much-branched undershrubs ; branches quadrangular or subquadrangular
in the younger parts, becoming terete lower down, upper more or less thickly
beset with leaves, lower often defoliated ; flowers in scanty bracteate racemes,
in the axils of the upper leaves, usually gathered in many-flowered terminal
clusters, rarely solitary ; bracts leaf-like, coloured, all fertile or the lower sterile ;
bracteoles 2, as long as or nearly as long as the bracts, but narrower ; inflores-
cence tinged to a rosy red.
DistriB. Species 5, endemic,
Erect undershrubs, 1-2 ft. high : :
Leaves glabrous ; bracts all fertile :
Leaves sessile, broadly ovate to obovate :
Perianth-tube ovate-cylindric ; ovary minutely
scabrous ... + i .-- (1) imbricatus.
Perianth-tube narrow cylindrical ; ovary glabrous... (2) acutus.
Leave shortly petiolate, narrowly spathulate ... (3) Mundii.
Leaves denticulate-ciliate ; lower bracts sterile ... (4) speciosus.
Dwarf, partly decumbent undershrub, under 6 in. high (5) rupestris.
1, B. imbricatus (A. Juss. in Ann. Se. Nat. 3” sér. vi. 25,
t. 2, fig. 3); an erect much-branched undershrub, 1-1} ft. high;
branches glabrous, upper branches and leaves sometimes with a
hoary bloom, lower defoliated; leaves sessile, widely ovate to
elliptical or obovate, acute, glabrous, upper leaves erect, imbricate,
lower suberect or spreading, almost or quite as broad as long, 4-5 lin.
long, 3—4 lin. broad, with a minute bundle of dark-brown sete at each
side of the axil; stipules when present minute, subulate, incurved ;
flowers in groups of 2 to many at the top of the branches ; pedicels
less than 1 lin. long; bracts all fertile, obovate, acute to mucronate,
narrower and slightly shorter than the leaves, tinged with red ;
bracteoles oblong-linear, acute or obtuse, denticulate-ciliate or
entire, as long as the bract, inserted on the pedicel at or near the
Dase of the flower, caducous; perianth 4 lin. long, pale to deep
pink ; tube tinged with red (Stephens), ovate-cylindric, scarcely
longer than the limb; lobes widely ovate, acute or obtuse ; stamens
slightly more than 1 lin. long, cells much shorter than the
connective ; ovary minutely scabrous. A.DC. in DC. Prodr. Xiv.
487. B. fucatus, Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. 520, figs. L-N, and
in Engl. & Prantl, Planzenfam. iii. 6 A, 212, fig. 73, L-N. Penzea
imbricata, Grah. in Bot. Mag. t. 2809. P. squamosa, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed.
ii. 162; Thunb. Fl. Cap. ed: Schult. 149. P. Sarcocolla, Berg. Deser.
Fl. Cap. 35; Thunb. Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 150. P. fucata, Linn.
Mant. Alt. 199; Lam. Ill. i. 317, t. 78, fig. 1. P. fuscata, Lam.
Eneyel. vi. 540.
Sovura Arrica: without precise locality, Burmann! Roxburgh! Mund!
Mund & Maire! Verraux! Sieber! Martin! Ludwig! Lalande! Pappe!
Coast Recion: Cape Div. ; among the rocks on the summit of Table Moun-
tain, Beryius! Ecklon, 621! Bachmann, 311! Krauss! Wilms, 3602! Cooper,
92 PEN ZACE& (Stephens). | Brachysiphon.
3594! Zeyher, 4743! Diels, 36! near Cape Town, Burchell, 8403! Kloof and
other high places on Table Mountain, Ecklon & Zeyher, 12! Devils Peak, Drege,
239! Bolus in Herb, Norm. Austr.-Afr., 362! Bolus, 3293! Wolley-Dod, 1327 !
Wilms, 3602a!
2. B. acutus (A. Juss. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 3™° sér. vi. 25); an
erect much-branched undershrub, about 1 ft. high; branches
minutely scabrous, upper corymbose, lower defoliated; leaves
imbricate towards the apex of the branches, sessile, widely ovate
to elliptical or obovate, acute to acuminate, glabrous, 3-3) lin.
long, 14-2} lin. broad, with 1-2 short sete sometimes present at
each side of the axil; stipules when present minute, wart-like or
subulate ; flowers in groups of 1-6 at the top of the branches ;
bracts all fertile, obovate, acuminate, somewhat smaller than the
leaves, tinged with red; bracteoles lanceolate, linear-spathulate or
linear, acuminate, slightly longer than the bracts; perianth 4}-8
lin. long, pink, tube more deeply coloured than the lobes; tube
narrow cylindrical, in flowering longer than the bracts, 3—5 lin.
long, less than 1 lin. in diam.; lobes ovate, acute to mucronate,
14-3 lin. long, 1-2 lin. broad ; stamens }—} lin. long, cells as long
as the connective ; filaments ligulate; ovary glabrous. A.DC. in
DC. Prodr. xiv. 488. Penzea acuta, Thunb. Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 150.
_ Sarcocolla acuta, Kunth in Linnzea, v. 678.
SoutH AFRICA: without precise locality, Lehmann! Masson! Bowie!
Coast Recion: Caledon Div.; Zwart Berg, Alexander! Ecklon & Zeyher!
Zeyher, 3728! Pappe! hills between Caledon and Elim, Bolus, 8485! Klein
River Mountains, Eeklon & Zeyher, 14! Mountains near Onrust River, Schlechter,
9489 ! Swellendam Div. ; without precise locality, Harvey !
3. B. Mundii (Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 102); a small branched
undershrub ; branches glabrous, upper with a hoary bloom, lower
defoliated ; leaves thick, slightly channelled dorsally, spathulate,
glabrous, narrowed at the base into a short petiole, erect or recurved,
13-2 lin, long, blade elliptical or ovate, acute or shortly mucronu-
late, up to 1 lin. broad; petiole channelled above, } to 1 lin. long,
with several minute sete at each side of the axil, exstipulate ;
flowers solitary or 2-3 at the top of the branch; pedicels 1-1} lin.
long; bracts all fertile, obovate, a little longer than the “leaf,
tinged with red; bracteoles inserted half-way up the pedicel,
slightly shorter than the bracts; perianth pink, becoming red
(Sonder), 44-5} lin. long ; tube broadly cylindrical, three times as
long as the limb ; lobes ovate, acute, 1-14 lin, long ; stamens less
than 1 lin. long; anthers broadly cordate, cells shorter than the
connective ; ovary glabrous. A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 488.
Coast Recion: Swellendam Diy. ; mountains near Swellendam, Mund (Cape
Herbarium) !
4. B. speciosus (Sond. in Linnwa, xxiii, 103); an erect under-
shrub, 1-2 ft. high, branching mainly from the base; branches long,
glabrous ; leaves erect, imbricate, sessile, broadly obovate to cuneate
or rotund, rounded or emarginate at the apex, cartilaginous Or —
Brachysiphon. | PEN ZACEA (Stephens). 95
denticulate-ciliate at the margin, with a dorsally-projecting mucro
tipped by a gland, represented by a pit in the older leaves, 24—4 lin.
long, 3-5 lin. broad, passing gradually into bracts at the top of the
flowering shoots, bearing several minute sete in their axils, which
pass in the axils of the bracts into long branched hairs ; stipules,
when present, subulate, very short or rarely up to 1 lin. long ;
flowers 5 to many in showy terminal heads } to 24 in. in diam. ;
pedicels 1-1} lin. long ; bracts fimbriate, with a gland-tipped mucro
like that of the leaves, lower sterile, very widely obovate and leaf-
like, median sterile, broadly cuneate, membranous along the margin,
6-9 lin, long, 5-7 lin. broad, upper fertile, membranous, narrowly
cuneate to oblong, 7-8 lin, long, 2-4 lin. broad ; bracteoles inserted
half-way up the pedicel, oblong or linear, fimbriate, tipped with a
glandular mucro less prominent than that of the leaves, nearly or
quite as long as the bracts, 1-1} in. broad ; perianth flesh-coloured
(Bolus), 8-11 lin. long; tube cylindrical, dilated at the throat,
nearly twice as long as the limb, tinged with red; lobes ovate,
acute or obtuse, 3-4 lin. long, 1}—24 lin. broad, reflexed when
fading ; anthers sessile or subsessile, cells slightly shorter than the
connective ; ovary glabrous. A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 488 ; Gilg
in Engl. d& Prantl, Pflanzenfam, iii. 6 A, 212.
SourH Arrica: without locality, Ecklon & Zeyher! Bowie!
Coast ReaIon: Caledon Div.; stony places on the Klein River Mountains,
Ecklon & Zeyher, 11! sandy places on the mountains near Hemel en Aarde,
Zeyher, 3725! hills between Caledon and Elim, Bolus, 8484! top of a mountain
near Hermanus, Bolus, 9825! Bredasdorp Div.; mountains near Elands Kloof,
Schlechter, 9745 !
5. B. rupestris (Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 101); a dwarf under-
shrub ; partly decumbent, of an alpine rhododendroid habit, under
6 in. high ; branches arising from a short thick rootstock, glabrous,
thickly beset with leaves above, defoliated below, 2-4 in. long;
leaves very close-ranked, imbricate, erect or spreading, sessile or
very shortly petiolate, obovate, obtuse, with the dorsal nerve not
evident, 4—6 lin. long, 2-3 lin. broad; petiole } lin. long, with
several very minute setz in its axil ; stipules when preseat minute,
subulate ; flowers in 2-4-flowered terminal racemes, each flower in
the axil of a leaf-like bract ; racemes sometimes overtopped by a
subterminal branch ; pedicels about 1 lin. long, with two small scars
(probably of caducous bracteoles) half-way down, each scar bearing
axillary set ; bracts rather smaller than the leaves, tinged with
red; perianth about 5 lin. long, rosy-red (Sonder); tube oblong,
8-ribbed, a third longer than limb ; lobes ovate ; stamens # lin. long,
cells shorter than the connective ; ovary glabrous ; ovules usually
2 in each cell, erect, sometimes 4 in each cell, inserted half-way
down on an axile placenta, 2 erect and 2 pendulous, raphe extrorse
in all; seeds erect or pendulous, according to their position as
ovules. A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 488.
Coast Recion: Caledon Div. ; stony places on Klein River Mountains, Zeyher !
clefts of rocks on the seashore, near Hermanus, Bolus, 9827!
94 PEN HACE (Stephens). | Sarcocolla.
III. SARCOCOLLA, Kunth.
Perianth-tube cylindrical, about three times as long as the limb ;
lobes reduplicate-valvate and erect in bud, becoming.retlexed as the
flower opens. Stamens exserted at the top of the perianth-tube,
projecting for their whole length, erect, about two-thirds the length
of the limb; anthers oblong, as long as the filament or slightly
shorter, cells subequal to the connective, margins of the valves
entire. Ovary and style at first as long as the perianth-tube, later
projecting beyond it ; style slender, terete ; stigma capitate, 4-lobed -
ovules 2 or 4 in each cell, inserted at the base, erect.
Much-branched undershrubs, branching mainly from the base ; branches erect or
semi-decumbent, glabrous; upper branches and leaves often covered with a
whitish waxy bloom secreted by the glandular stipules and by the apical gland of
the leaf, lower branches defoliated ; leaves flat, imbricated, sessile, usually tipped
with a more or less distinct gland, passing into bracts at the apex of the flowering
shoot ; stipules small, pyramidal or auriculate, often glandular, becoming black ;
minute brown sete present in the axils of the leaves; flowers solitary and
terminal, or gathered into terminal heads; bracts imbricate, coloured, flat or
more or less convex in the younger stages, becoming markedly convex as the fruit
swells, resinous, lower sterile, tipped with a gland less prominent than that of the
leaf, with glandular stipules like those of the leaf at each side of their axil ;
bracteoles narrowly linear or linear-spathulate, acute, acuminate or cuspidate-
acute, ciliate or entire, shorter than the bracts, inserted on the perianth at or
near its base ; bracts and bracteoles yellowish or tinged with pink ; perianth with
a yellow tube and rosy-pink limb.
DisTris. Species 3, endemic.
Flowers in terminal heads :
Leaves 5-8 lin. long; lower and median bracts 5-10
lin. broad. dee ei ae ae ... (1) squamosa,
Leaves 2-5 lin. long ; lower and median bracts 14-4
lin. broad... ie Ree mee oH .-- (2) minor.
Flowers terminal, solitary .., s eve ee ... (3) formosa.
1, §. squamosa (Endl. Gen. Suppl. iv. ii. 74); an undershrub,
13-2 ft. high; leaves ovate to elliptical or obovate, obtusely mucro-
nate, with a glandular tip, varying much in size, sometimes as broad
as long, 5-8 lin. long, 3-8 lin. broad ; flowers gathered into terminal
heads of about half-a-dozen, sometimes less, very exceptionally 1 or
2; lower bracts sterile, leaf-like, larger than the leaves; median
bracts fertile, broadly obovate to cuneate, entire or ciliate, often
emarginate and mucronate at the apex, larger than the leaves and
longer than the lower bracts, 5-10 lin. broad ; upper bracts fertile,
_ cuneate, membranous, ciliate, often emarginate and mucronate at
the apex, longer and narrower than the median; perianth-tube
9-15 lin. long, 13-3 lin. in diam. ; lobes ovate, obtuse or acute,
3-6 lin. long, 24-4 lin. broad. A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 489. —
Penza squamosa, Linn. Mant. Alt. 331; Bot. Reg. t. 106; Lam. —
Sareocolla. | PEN ZACE& (Stephens). 95
Encyel. vi. 540; A. Juss. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 3 sér. vi. 25. P. Sarco-
colla, Linn. Sp. ed. ii. 162; Lam. Encyel. vi. 538. P. tetragona, Bery.
Deser. Pl. Cap. 36. Sarcocolla Linnei, A. Juss. in Ann. Se. Nat.
3” sér, vi. 25, t. 2, fig. 4.
Sovrn Arrica: without locality, Bergius! Burmann, 160! Thunberg |
Roxburgh! Niven! Masson! Thom, 362! Robertson! Bowie!
Coast Rraion : Cape Div. ; Table Mountain, Alexander !. South-west slopes of
Devils Peak, Mund! Krauss! Wilms, 3603! 3604! Lions Head, at the foot of
the mountain and by Green Point, Dréye! Muizenberg Mountains, Zeyher, 278!
3722a! MacOwan & Bolus, Herb. Norm. Austr.-Afr., 387! Bolus, 2916!
Wilms, 3603! Wolley-Dod, 5721 1121! Scott-Elliot, 1194! Nordhoek, MacOwan,
2384! Stellenbosch Div.; Hottentots Holland Mountains, Lichtenstein ! Mund !
Lowrys Pass, Burchell, 8188! Drége! Rogers! Caledon Div.; mountains near
Grietjes Gat, between Lowrys Pass and the Palmiet River, Ecklon & Zeyher,
8! 9! Houw Hoek Mountains, Burchell, 8031! 8099! 8147! Schlechter, 7369!
mountains of Baviaans Kloof, near Genadendal, Burchell, 7843! Verreaux! above
Van Rynevelds Valley, Diels, 1398! mouth of the Klein River, Zeyher, 3722!
near Caledon, Kuntze !
2. 8. minor (Zeyh. ex A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 489) ; an under-
shrub, {-14 ft. high ; leaves obovate, obtusely mucronate, with the
gland at the tip less distinct than in S. squamosa, often not
developed, 2-5 lin. long, 14-4 lin. broad; inflorescence as in S.
squamosa, but usually with fewer (occasionally one or two) flowers,
and bracts and perianth narrower and slightly shorter; bracts
14-4 lin. broad ; perianth-tube 6-12 lin. long, 14-24 lin. in diam. ;
lobes 3-4} lin. long, 14-24 lin. broad. 8. fucata, var. minor, Eckl.
& Zeyh. ex ADC. le.
Sout Arrica: without locality, Burmann! Masson! Nelson! Lalande!
Coast Reeton: Cape Div. ; Camps Bay, Schlechter, 161! Glencairn, Stephens !
mountains above Simons Bay, Ecklon &: Zeyher! Wright! Milne, 177! McGillivray,
595! Elliot, 16! sandy slopes beyond Millers Point, Wolley-Dod, 2287!
3. S. formosa (A. Juss. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 3"° sér. vi. 25, t. 2,
fig. 4, f.); an undershrub, 1-14 ft. high; leaves obovate or
elliptical, obtusely mucronate, with the gland at the tip less distinct
than in S. squamosa, sometimes absent, 3}-5 lin. long, 2}~3) lin.
broad ; flowers solitary, terminal, subtended by 3-6 pairs of decus-
sate bracts; lower bracts leaf-like, obovate, 3} lin. long, 5 lin.
broad ; median bracts longer, leaf-like, oblong or oblong-obovate,
partly ciliate or entire, acute or with an obtuse or acute mucro,
41-10 lin. long, 2-34 lin. broad; upper bracts longer, oblong-
obovate, oblong-obcordate, or linear-spathulate, semicoriaceous to
membranous, acute to acuminate, or with an acute or semiacute
mucro, margin partly ciliate or entire, usually infolded on each side
of the recurved apex, giving it an acuminate appearance, 63-10 lin.
long, 1-3 lin. broad ; perianth-tube 10-16 lin. long, 13-3 lin, in
diam. ; lobes acute or acuminate, 35-6} lin. long, 13-4 lin. broad.
A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 489.
: es : : .
Sourn Arrica : without locality, Bergius! Chamisso! Sonnerat! :
Coast Rector: Cape Div. ; a ihe foot of Lions Head and by Green Point,
96 PEN AACE (Stephens). [ Sarcocolla
Drége! Slopes above Kamps Bay, Dimmer, 118; Mountains above Simons Bay,
Elliott! Boivin, 555! Wright, 128! Ecklon & Zeyher, 10 Alexander! Mountains
above Klaver Vley and Smitswinkel, Wolley-Dod, 1492!
IV. GLISCHROCOLLA, Endl.
Perianth-tube oblong, 4-ribbed, about three times as long as the
limb ; lobes erect, becoming reflexed in the faded flower, reduplicate-
valvate in bud. Stamens shorter than perianth-lobes ; filaments
very short; anthers cordate-ovate ; cells oblong, longer than the
connective, with a membranous margin. Ovary and style as long
as the perianth, glabrous ; ovules 4 in each cell, inserted half-way
down on an axile placenta, 2 erect and 2 pendulous, raphe extrorse
in all; style filiform ; stigma obsoletely 4-lobed (A. Jussieu). Fruit
unknown. ei
Probably a low shrub; branching dichotomous; branches glabrous, obscurely
4-angled in the younger parts by the decurrent leaf bases, becoming terete lower
down ; leaves ovate, close-ranked, large for the order, passing into bracts at the
apex of the flowering shoot ; flowers approximated at the tips of the branches ;
peduncles dichotomous ; pedicels very short,
Distrip. Species 1, endemic.
1, G. lessertiana (A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 490) ; leaves erect,
imbricate, hardly more than 1 lin. apart, ovate, obtuse, with a
narrow yellowish margin and prominent dorsal nerve, #-1 in. long,
$ in. broad, passing into bracts at the apex of the flowering shoot ;
stipules (when present) 2, very minute, awl-like ; a minute crested
scale at each side in the axil of the leaf; bracts leaf-like coloured,
sterile bracts rather larger than the leaves, fertile bracts longer but
narrower than the leaves; bracteoles 2, coloured, coriaceous, linear-
oblong, slightly shorter than bracts, about 1 lin. broad ; perianth
about 1} in, long; tube four times as long as the limb, nerves
alternating with the lobes ; lobes ovate, obtuse, entire or sinuate, 3-4
lin. long ; stamens half as long as the lobes; filaments shorter than
the anther, thick ; connective tuberculate. Gilg in Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. iii. 6 A, 212, fig. 73, H-K. Sarcocolla lessertiana,
A, Juss. in Ann. Se. Nat. 3” sér. vi. 26. Penzea formosa, Thunb.
Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 149 (from description and original specimen in
Thunberg’s herbarium).
Coast Recon: Stellenbosch Div. ; French Hoek Mountains, Masson !
V. ENDONEMA, A. Juss.
Perianth-tube long, cylindrical, about four times as long as the
limb ; lobes thickened to form a central ridge on the inner side, —
erect, becoming reflexed as the flower fades, valvate in bud. Stamens —
nearly as long as the perianth-lobes or slightly longer ; filaments
Endonema, | PEN ZACE& (Stephens). 97
folded in bud, becoming erect as the flower opens, subulate above
the fold, ligulate below, almost as long as the anthers or longer ;
anthers ovate, inflexed in bud, then erect and introrse ; cells rather
shorter than the connective, dehiscing marginally. Ovary and style
as long as the perianth, glabrous; ovules 4 in each cell, inserted
half-way down on an axile placenta, 2 erect and 2 pendulous, raphe
extrorse in all ; style filiform ; stigma obscurely 4-lobed. Fruit and
seeds of order ; seeds erect or pendulous according to their position
when ovules.
Small erect shrubs or undershrubs ; branches quadrangular or subquadrangular
in the younger parts, becoming terete lower down, upper more or less thickly
beset with leaves, lower often defoliated ; flowers lateral, solitary or apparently
solitary in the axils mainly of the upper leaves ; branches continued beyond the
flowering region ; bracts (bracteoles) in two or three pairs below each flower.
Disrris. Species 2, endemic.
Leaves broad, flat; bracts oblong ; anthers slightly
longer than filaments (1) Thunbergii.
Leaves narrow-linear, revelute; bracts rotund, 3
caducous ; anthers shorter than filaments ... (2) retzioides.
1, E. Thunbergii (A. Juss. in Ann. Se. Nat. 5° sér. vi. 27); a
small, loosely branched shrub ; branches long, glabrous, or shortly
puberulous and subquadrangular in the younger parts ; leaves erect
or spreading, usually imbricate, ovate or elliptical, obtuse, with the
central nerve slightly prominent beneath and a few slightly-marked
lateral oblique veins, 6-10 lin. long, 3-7 lin. broad , exstipulate ;
with a minute crested scale usually present in the axil at each side
in both leaves and bracts; flowers apparently solitary in the axils
of the upper leaves, in reality each terminating a much reduced
raceme, whose very short peduncle bears three pairs of decussate
bracts, which are either sterile or enclose an axillary bud; this bud
usually remains dormant, but (very exceptionally) may grow out
into another short peduncle, bearing a terminal flower and furnished
with 2, 1 or no pairs of bracts, according to whether it was borne
in the axil of the first, second or third pair on the original peduncle ;
bracts 8, decussate, coriaceous to scarious, obovate to oblong or
ovate, obtuse to acute, golden, shorter than the perianth-tube, each
pair longer than the one below it ; perianth golden, projecting
beyond the leaves, about 1 in. long; tube three times as long as
the limb ; lobes tinged with red, oblong or ovate, obtuse or acute,
3~4 lin. long ; stamens about two-thirds the length of the perianth-
lobes ; anther slightly longer than the filament ; capsule 6 lin. long ;
seeds 2 lin. long. Sond. in Linnea, xxii. 104; A.DC. in DC.
Prodr. xiv.491. E. lateriflora, Gilg in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
iii. 6 A, 210. Pensa lateriflora, Linn. f. Suppl. 122; Murr. Syst.
Veg. ed. xiv. 154; Thunb. Prodr. 30, and Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 150,
and Naturf. Magaz. Berlin, i. t. 3, fig. 2, ex A. Juss. Le. ; Lam.
Eneyel. vi. 540; Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Sond. in Linnea, xxiii, 104.
Geissoloma lateriflorum, Drége in Herb. Berol. ex Sond. l.c.
FL. C.—VOL. V.—-SECT. II. H
98 PEN HACE: (Stephens). [ Endonema.
Sour Arrica : without precise locality, Burmann! Niven! Bojer! Roxburgh!
Zeyher, 176!
Coast Recion: Caledon Div. ; Zoetemelks Valley, Thunberg! at or near
Genadendal, Ecklon & Zeyher, 17! Bolus, 5396! Schlechter, 9837! 10305!
Mountains of Baviaans Kloof, near Genadendal, Burchell, 7782! Swellendam
Div. ; Grootvaders Bosch, collector unknown, in the Cape Herbarium! Uitenhage
Div.; Van Stadens Berg, Ecklon & Zeyher !
2. E. retzioides (Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 103); a much-branched
glabrous undershrub or small shrub; branches corymbose, 4-angled
above, becoming terete lower down; lower branches always de-
foliated ; leaves erect, rigid, much longer than the internodes,
narrowly linear, acute, revolute at the margin, minutely puncticu-
late on the upper surface, with the nerve prominent beneath, 9-15
lin. long, 1 lin. broad, exstipulate, with 1 or 2 short sets in the
axils at each side of the leaves and bracts; sete of bracts persistent
as a circlet on the apex of the pedicel ; flowers solitary on short
pedicels in the axils of the upper leaves, usually only 2 or 4 on each
twig ; flowers and bracts 4, golden, decussate on the pedicel at the
base of the flower, sterile or very exceptionally with an arrested
minute axillary bud, convolute, suborbicular, lower with a short
acumen, 1—2 lin. long, upper with usually rounded apex, sometimes
emarginate and mucronate, 2}—3 lin. long, caducous or falling very
soon after the flower opens; perianth golden, up to 1} lin. long;
tube about four times as long as the limb; lobes deeply tinged with
red, lanceolate, 4-5 lin. long ; stamens as long as the perianth-lobes
or slightly longer ; anther shorter than the filament; capsule 8 lin.
long ; seeds 2-2} lin. long. A.DC.in DC. Prodr. xiv. 491 ; Gilg in
Engl. & Prantl, Pllanzenfam. 210, fig. 73, A-G. Sarcocolla retzioides,
Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Sond. le. 104.
SoutH Arrica: without locality, Ecklon & Zeyher!
Coast Recion: Caledon Div.; Houw Hoek, among stones on the mountains,
Schlechter, 7337! mountains near Genadendal, Roser! Burchell, 7712! Pappe!
Tyson! on the summits of the Zwartberg Range near Tygerhoek, Vigne i
MacOwan, Herb, Austr.-Afr., 1646! Swellendam Div. ; banks of the Zondereinde
River, near Appels Kraal, and on the neighbouring mountains, Zey/er, 3724!
Ecklon & Zeyher, 15! :
Orper CXIX. A. GEISSOLOMACE.
(By E. L. Srepuens.)
Flowers hermaphrodite, regular. Perianth inferior, persistent,
gamosepalous, 4-partite to the base; segments ovate, mucronate,
imbricate in bud, with the lateral segments internal, one enfolding —
the other, aud the external segments at right angles to the axis,
the margin of the inner enfolding the outer. Stamens 8, perfect,
inserted at the base of the perianth, 4 opposite the perianth-lobes
RN a ee ee en De ee ee ee
GEISSOLOMACE (Stephens). a9
and 4 alternating with them, the latter slightly shorter ; filaments
free, ligulate, rather shorter than the perianth; anthers many
times shorter than the filament, ovoid, bilobed at the base, erect,
versatile ; connective scarcely manifest ; cells subintrorse, dehiscing
longitudinally. Ovary free, sessile, superior, synearpous, 4-carpellary,
4-celled ; cells alternating with the lobes of the calyx, each narrowly
winged ; style terminal, formed by the continuation and union of
the wings of the cells, pyramidal-acuminate, easily separable into
4 parts, and terminated by 4 very small stigmas, which alternate
with the calyx-lobes. Ovules 2 in each cell, collateral, pendulous
from the apex, anatropous. Fruit a capsule, 4-celled, dehiscing by
4 longitudinal sutures running down the wings of the cells. Seeds
by abortion solitary in each cell, ovate, subcompressed, smooth,
hanging from the top of the cell by a short funicle, furrowed at the
upper extremity between the hilum and the micropyle, and slightly
inflated on each side of the furrow ; albumen fleshy ; embryo central,
straight, almost as long as the albumen ; cotyledons long, linear,
fleshy ; radicle superior, short, cylindrical, obtuse ; plumule incon-
spicuous,
A low shrub; leaves decussate, sessile, entire, penninerved, ovate, exstipulate,
silky-pilose in bud, soon glabrous ; flowers apparently solitary, in reality in short
much reduced bracteate racemes, axillary along the upper twigs; bracts 6,
decussate, persistent ; pedicels short, bracteolate or ebracteolate.
Disrris. Genus 1, monotypic.
Differs from the Penxacex by the estivation of the perianth, by the doubled
number of stamens, by the form of the anthers, and by the albuminous seed and
embryo with short radicle and long cotyledons.
I. GEISSOLOMA, Lindl.
Characters as for the order.
1. G. marginatum (A. Juss. in Ann. Se, Nat. 3° sér. vi. 27,
t. 4, fig. 6); an erect shrub, 2-3 ft. high (Stephens); branches
4-angled and pilose to puberulous above, becoming terete and
glabrous lower down; internodes lengthening lower down ; leaves
imbricate on the younger parts, in bud ovate, acute, silky-pilose,
older leaves ovate or ovate-subcordate, acute to obtuse or obtuse-
mucronulate, margin thickened beneath, 6-12 lin. long, 3-8 lin.
broad; bracts ovate, acute or acuminate, penninerved, margin
membranous, entire or fimbriate ; first pair lateral, dorsally pilose,
1-14 lin. long, second pair dorsally pilose or glabrous, 2—3 lin. long,
third pair glabrous, 3-4 lin. long ; basal bracteoles (where present)
sometimes coalesced ; perianth membranous; segments ovate or
elliptical, subulate to cuspidate, with fine parallel nerves, pink,
5-6 lin. long, half as broad ; filaments obtusely angled on the inner
side, about 3 lin. long; capsule 4-5 lin. long, slightly woody ‘ seeds.
2 lin. long, yellow. A.DO. in Prodr. xiv. 492 br Sond. in Linnea, xxiii.
105 ; Gilg in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 6 A, 207. Penza
marginata, Linn. Mant. Alt. 199; Thunb. Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 150.
P. mucronata, Vent. Hort. Malm. t. 87, fig. 1, flower only. :
H 2
100 GEISSOLOMACE (Stephens). | Geissoloma.
Sourn Arrica: without locality Burmann! Masson! Thunberg! Scholl, 615!
1128! Mund!
Coast Recton: Swellendam Div. ; in the forest on the mountains at Voormans-
bosch, Ecklon & Zeyher, 16! Zeyher, 3729! Riversdale Div.; Garcias Pass,
Burchell, 6948! Phillips, 305! Stephens! on the Kampsche Berg, near Garcias
Pass, Galpin, 4539! on the Langeberg Range at Corente River Farm, Muir, 170!
The bracts of the racemes are either sterile or enclose an axillary bud ; this bud
usually remains dormant, but may grow out into another short bracteolate or
ebracteolate peduncle.
Orper CXIX.B. LORANTHACE.
(By T. A. Spracur.)
Flowers regular or zygomorphic, hermaphrodite or unisexual,
3-6-merous. Calyx superior, gamosepalous, lobed or truncate,
sometimes obsolete. Corolla superior, polypetalous or gamopetalous,
petaloid or sepaloid, valvate in bud. Stamens as many as and
opposite the petals or corolla-lobes, and inserted on them ; anthers
usually 2-celled, sometimes divided into numerous small cells, which
may be arranged irregularly (Viscum) or in 2 or 4 vertical rows
(Loranthus). Dise superior, annular, or absent. Ovary inferior,
usually without a distinct placenta and ovule; style simple or
absent ; stigma not or hardly lobed. Fruit baccate (in all the
African species), crowned by the persistent calyx when the latter
is present ; pericarp sticky. Seed solitary, albuminous or exalbu-
minous, without a distinct testa ; embryo fairly large, terete or
angled, with distinct hypocotyl and 2 (more rarely 3-6) cotyledons.
Chlorophyll-containing shrubs or more rarely herbs, parasitic on other plants ;
very rarely trees ; leaves opposite, ternate or alternate, simple, entire, exstipulate,
sometimes reduced to mere scales or teeth; inflorescence racemose or cymose ;
flowers often large and brightly coloured (Loranthus), or smal), greenish and
inconspicuous (Viscum).
Distris. Genera 27, chiefly tropical and subtropical ; species about 1000.
I. Loranthus.— Flowers hermaphrodite.
Calyx present, though sometimes
reduced toasmallrim. Style long.
II. Viscum.—Flowers unisexual. Calyx obsolete. Style short or none.
I. LORANTHUS, Linn.
Flowers hermaphrodite. Calya more or less lobed, or truncate,
sometimes very short, occasionally provided inside at the base with
a fleshy annular thickening (intramarginal ring). Corolla poly-
petalous or, more frequently, gamopetalous, regular or zygomorphic ;
tube often split unilaterally for some distance downwards when
the flower expands. Filaments united in their lower part with the
_ petals ; anthers introrse, not versatile. Style filiform, or gradually
Loranthus. | LORANTHACE (Sprague). 101
thickened upwards in the upper part and then rather suddenly
contracted into a narrow neck below the stigma (skittle-shaped) ;
stigma truncate or more or less capitate. Fruit baccate, usually
globose, ovoid or ellipsoid, crowned by the persistent calyx. Seed
albuminous ; embryo straight, terete.
Green leafy shrubs, parasitic on Dicotyledons, seldom on Coniferee or Mono-
cotyledons, often very brittle, even in a living state; leaves opposite, ternate or
alternate, penninerved, or several-nerved from the base; inflorescence (in the
African species) a raceme, spike, umbel or head ; subtending bract of each flower
situated at the apex of the pedicel when the latter is present ; flowers often large
and brightly coloured.
Distris. Species about 500, all Old World, mostly tropical and subtropical.
Corolla polypetalous :
Flowers tetramerous ; petals under #? in. long:
Anthers transversely septate :
Receptacle less than } lin. long; dise hardly dis-
tinguishable from the base of the style ..» (1) Woodii.
Receptacle 1 lin. long or more; disc distinct ... (2) subcylindricus.
Anthers not transversely septate ... see ... (3)) garcianus.
Flowers pentamerous ; petals 13-24 in. long:
Style with a double bend shortly above the base... (14) undulatus.
Style without a double bend ... ae a ... (5) kalachariensis.
Corolla gamopetalous : :
Filaments not produced into a tooth in front of the
anther :
Anthers transversely septate :
Corolla tomentose outside with verticillate-
branched hairs; calyx equalling the re-
ceptacle ... ae sie re ; ... (6) ovalis.
Corolla scurfy outside with stellate hairs; calyx
much shorter than the receptacle... ... (7) glaueus.
Anthers not transversely septate :
Corolla-tube not split unilaterally :
Corolla-lobes revolute... Sei
Corolla-lobes erect or reflexed : : ;
Corolla villous with silky subadpressed hairs (9) Dregei.
Corolla glabrous : é
Upper part of filament much thickened, ee
spirally coiled in the expanded flower (10) Whyliei.
Upper part of filament not thickened :
Corolla under 13 in. long; lobes erect, : :
cohering oe mee ve ,«. (11) quinguenervis.
Corolla about 2} in. long ; lobes reflexed,
... (8) elegans.
pe ... (12) Galpinii.
Corolla-tube split unilaterally : :
Umbels terminating leafy short-shoots, which
are perulate at the base:
Pedioole Wisgid oi. eee oes te ... (13) Zeyheri.
Pedicels glabrous :
Style skittle-shaped above :
Bract longer ark ae at taogadl Sten
the receptacle and calyx ; disc over-
topping the calyx... aes ... (14) Moorei.
102 LORANTHACE (Sprague). [ Loranthus.
Bract shorter than the receptacle and
calyx ; disc a little shorter than the
calyx ... sh: an aa: ... (15) natalitius.
Style filiform ae an ae ..» (16) minor.
Umbels axillary ... sc ..- (17) Bolusii.
Filaments produced into a tooth in front of the anther :
Flowers pentamerous ; style skittle-shaped above :
Corolla-lobes reflexed :
Corolla glabrous :
Apical sweiling of bud with concave faces,
distinctly 5-ribbed ie oo ... (18) rubromargina-
tus.
Apical swelling of bud with flat or convex
faces, not distinctly ribbed ~~... ... (19) olezfolius, var.
Forbesii.
Corolla more or less hairy a ee ... (19) olezfolius.
Corolla-lobes erect :
Corolla glabrous. --- (20) kraussianus.
Corolla puberulous :
Receptacle and calyx urceolate a -.. (20) kraussianus,
var. puberulus,
Receptacle and calyx campanulate ... .-- (21) prunifolius.
Flowers tetramerous ; style filiform ,.. ee ... (22) Schlechteri.
1. L. Woodii (Schlechter & Krause in Engl. Jahrb. li. 454, partly) ;
glabrous ; branches terete, nodose, 1-2 lin. in diam. 6 in. below the
apex, rough, greyish-brown; branchlets slightly flattened, longi-
tudinally wrinkled in a dried state ; internodes 4-3 in. long ; leaves
opposite or subopposite, petioled, ovate or ovate-oblong, more rarely
obovate-oblong, 3-1} in. long, }-? in. broad, obtuse or rounded at
the apex, obtuse or cuneate at the
margin crispate, midrib slightly rai
surface, lateral nerves 3—4
; petiole 1-2 lin. long, very slightly
¢ : nal and axillary, 6-10-flowered ;
rhachis 5-10 lin. long, pale green ; pedicels spreading, very oblique
! ; receptacle and calyx together narrowly
lin. long ; calyx subtruncate, about 2 lin. long;
r in bud, the angles corresponding with the
, limb i tl
above ite bees oldotis seer : Spreading or reflexed shor y
' arrowed towards the apex ; stamens
pink ; filaments erect, 1 lin. long, broad
linear, over 1 lin, long, dehiscing
Loranthus. | LORANTHACE& (Sprague). 105
into 20 or fewer small cells arranged in 2 vertical rows, connective
produced into a subulate point above the uppermost cells; no
distinct dise present; style quadrangular, much thickened at the
base, about 24 lin. long; stigma truncate ; berry ellipsoid, about
3 lin. long, scarlet. I. Sandersoni, Harv. ex Benth. et Hook. f. Gen.
Pi. iti. 208, name only ; Wood, Handb. Fl. Natal, 115, name only.
Eastern Region: Natal; Krauns Kloof, on a tree at the Tower Rock, very
rare, Sanderson, 697! Zululand ; Ungoya Forest, 1000 ft., on Burchellia capensis,
R. Br., Wood, 3874! Ngoya, Wylie in Herb. Wood, 7469!
Sanderson, 697, has a slightly longer petal-limb and anthers than typical
L, Woodii, but undoubtedly belongs to that species.
The description of L. Woodii given by Schlechter and Krause, l.c., agrees on
the whole with Wood, 3874, but includes characters drawn from Rudatis, 904, which
is here referred to L. subcylindricus.
2, L. subcylindricus (Sprague); very closely allied to the
preceding species, from which it differs in the following characters :
leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate, 1-23 in. long, 4~} in. broad,
margin slightly crispate ; petiole 1-3 lin. long, winged ; rhachis up
to 1 in. long ; pedicels 1-2 lin. long, not oblique or only slightly
oblique at the apex; bract inserted in the same line with the
pedicel, ovate, very concave, } lin. long, umbonate on the lower
half ; receptacle subcylindric, 1 lin. long or more ; petals 44-54 lin.
long, claw 1-1} lin. long, }-} lin. broad, with a thickened central
band on the inner surface ; filaments 1} lin. long; anthers 14-2}
lin. long, cells 18-26; dise quadrangular, surrounding the base of
the style, free from or adnate to it; style 33-4 lin. long ; berry
oblong-ellipsoid. L. Woodii, Schlechter d Krause in Engl. Jahrb.
li. 454, partly.
Eastern Recion: Natal; Alexandra District, Umtwalumi, on Ochna arborea,
Burch., Rudatis, 904! Zululand; Nkandhla, 4000-5000 ft., Wylie in Herb,
Wood, 9013!
3. L. garcianus (Engl. in Engl. Jahrb. xl. 539); glabrous; stem
and branches very stout, gnarled, } in. in diam. at the base, bark
smooth, ash-grey, lenticels transversely oblong ; branchlets stout,
buff-coloured, nodose, 24 lin. in diam. at the base, wrinkled in a
dried state ; internodes }—} in. long ; leaves opposite or subopposite,
petioled, obovate, 1-1} in. long, 7-1} in. broad, rounded at the
apex, obtuse at the base, fleshy, thickly coriaceous in a dried state,
dull, midrib and lateral nerves slightly raised on the upper surface,
less distinct on the lower, lateral nerves very oblique, irregular,
about 3 on each side; petiole 4~7 lin. long; racemes longer than
the leaves, about 30-flowered, peduncle about | in. long (Engler),
thachis 2-3 in. long ; pedicels 1-1} lin. long, stout, much thickened
at the base; bract unilateral, ascending, very concave, truncate,
3-} lin. long, slightly umbonate on the lower half; flowers
tetramerous (rarely pentamerous), polypetalous ; receptacle and
intramarginal ring together campanulate, 1} lin. long ; calyx erect,
104 LORANTHACE (Sprague). {| Loranthus. -
truncate, 1 lin. long, adpressed to the intramarginal ring ; intra-
marginal ring very prominent, projecting } lin. above the calyx ;
corolla quadrangular in bud, the angles corresponding with the
edges of the petals,-slightly curved below the oblique apex ; petals
oblong-linear, narrowed towards the apex, 8 lin. long, claw erect,
oblong, 13 lin. long, papillate on its inner edges, with a strongly
thickened central band on the inner surface, limb reflexed at nearly
1 lin. above its base ; stamens erect ; filaments 24 lin. long, slightly
narrowed upwards; anthers linear, slightly narrowed towards the
apex, nearly. 44 lin. long, not divided transversely, connective
produced into a small cusp; dise quadrangular, } lin. high ; style
quadrangular, with concave faces, 6 lin. long ; stigma truncate.
Katauari Recion; Transvaal ; Komati Poort, Kirk, 751
Eastern Recion: Portuguese East Africa, Ressano Garcia, about 1000 ft.,
Schlechter, 11921!
The flowers are usually tetramerous ; only one pentamerous one was observed.
The petals appear at first sight as if jointed to the intramarginal ring. They are
in reality bent inwards at right angles above the intramarginal ring and inserted
between this and the disc.
4. L. undulatus (E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 92, 93,
200, name only); glabrous; branches stout, greyish-brown, inconspicu-
ously lenticellate ; long-shoots ascending or patulous, slender, rather
nodose, otherwise smooth, brown ; short-shoots 1-5 lin. long, bearing
1 or 2 pairs of leaves, and terminated by an umbel ; leaves opposite,
sessile, coriaceous, faintly 3-nerved, nerves parallel; leaves of the
long-shoots: upper ones linear-oblong, 1-1} in. long, 25-54 lin.
broad, very obtuse at the apex, subcordate at the base ; middle
ones shorter, oblong or ovate-oblong ; lower ones ovate-oblong or
broadly ovate, rounded at the apex, cordate at the base ; leaves of
the short-shoots broadly ovate, cordate at the base, 4-12 lin. long,
4-8 lin. broad; umbels 2-flowered; peduncle 14-3 lin. long ;
pedicels stout, 2-3 lin. long; bract unilateral, broadly oblong or
ovate-oblong, truncate, }-1} lin. long, thickly keeled, ciliate above ;
flowers pentamerous, polypetalous; receptacle obconical, 4—5 lin.
long; calyx ascending, truncate, 1-3 lin. long; corolla orange,
strongly arcuate and clavate above in the bud; petals 13-2 in.
long, claws inserted obliquely on the receptacle, about 4 lin. long,
1}-22 lin. broad, with undulate margins, interlocking by means of
about 4 pairs of oblique fleshy ridges which descend from the adnate
portion of the filament, claw of the odd petal the narrowest, strongly
curved outwards, lateral claws the broadest ; limb subspathulate-
linear, obtuse, twisted about the middle, upper part 11-1} lin.
broad, middle part {—{ lin. broad, lower part gradually broadened
into the base ; filaments inserted at the apex of the claws, erect,
curved in their upper part ; anthers oblong-linear, over 4 lin. long,
not divided transversely, connective truncate ; style with a double
bend shortly above the base, minutely pilose above; stigma de-
pressed-capitate, 3-3 lin.in diam. Harv. in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. ii.
Loranthus.| LORANTHACE& (Sprague). 105
577 ; Engl. in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 130; Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv.
App. iii. 54 ; Sprague in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 278. Plicosepalus
undulatus, Van Tiegh. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xli. 504, 540.
Var. 8, angustior (Sprague) ; leaves shortly petioled or sessile, oblong or linear-
oblong, rounded or obtuse at the base ; receptacle about 3 lin. long.
WEsTERN Recion : Little Namaqualand ; between Holgat. River and the Orange
River, 1000-1500 ft., Drége! between Verleptpram and the mouth of the Orange
River, Drége! Var. 8: Great Namaqualand ; Sandverhaar, 3100 ft., on Acacia
Giragffae, Burch., and A. horrida, Willd., Pearson, 4694!
Also in Tropical Africa. It has not been possible to determine from dried
material whether the odd petal is anticous or posticous. This is a point which
should be investigated in the field.
5. L. kalachariensis (Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss, iv. App. iii. 53) ;
glabrous ; branchlets ascending, elongated, brown, slightly lenticel-
late, nearly 1} lin. in diam. 6 in. below the apex; leaves opposite
or alternate, oblong, oblong-linear or linear, 1}—31 in. long, 5-10
lin. broad, rounded at the apex, cuneate, obtuse or rounded at the
base, rigidly coriaceous, glabrous, 3~5-nerved ; petiole }$-24 lin.
long ; umbels axillary, solitary or fascicled, sessile or peduncled,
2—6-flowered ; peduncle up to 5 lin. long; pedicels 5-6 lin. long ;
bract saucer-shaped with an ovate or oblong limb, dorsal margin
s—l{ lin. long, strongly umbonate or keeled, ventral margin } lin.
long; flowers pentamerous, polypetalous; receptacle obconical,
2-3 lin. long ; calyx ascending, 3-3 lin. long, truncate ; corolla red
or deep pink, strongly arcuate and clavate above in the bud ; petals
2} in. long or less, claws inserted obliquely on the receptacle,
34-11 lin. long, with straight margins, interlocking by means of
4-8 (usually 5) pairs of very oblique folds which descend from the
adnate part of the filament ; limb reflexed shortly above the base
and coiling iato loose spirals, subspathulate-linear ; filaments in-
serted at the apex of the claws, erect, curved in their upper part,
about 1 in. long, tapering slightly upwards ; anthers linear, 35—7 lin.
long, not divided transversely ; style without a double bend at the
base ; stigma capitate, ¢ lin. in diam. Sprague in Dyer, Fl. Trop.
Afr, vi. i. 280. L. Fleckii, Schinz, lc. LL. Pentheri, Schlechter in
Journ. Bot. 1898, 376. L. Dinteri, Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss. asad
sér. i, 869 (1901). DL. splendens, N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1909,
136. L. curviflorus, Schinz, Pl. Menyharth, 42; Rendle in Journ.
Bot. 1905, 52; not of Benth.
Katanart Recion: Transvaal: Waterberg Division; Pietpotgieters Rust,
Transvaal Colonial Herb., 4557 !
Also in Tropical Africa,
6. L. ovalis (E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pil. Documente, 92, 200,
name only); branches terete, pale greyish-brown, 1—1} lin. in diam.
6 in. below the apex ; branchlets spreading, the youngest parts densely
clothed with verticillate-branched hairs ; leaves alternate, petioled,
obovate or obovate-oblong, 5-13 lin. long, 25—7 lin. broad, rounded
at the apex, narrowed into the base, coriaceous, clothed in a young
100 LORANTHACE (Sprague). | Loranthus.
state with verticillate-branched hairs which fall off leaving a dense
velvety covering of stellate hairs, nerves not visible, or the midrib
sometimes slightly raised on the lower surface ; petiole 1-3 lin. long ;
umbels axillary, solitary, sessile, 2-flowered, or flowers solitary ;
pedicels 13-12 lin. long, like the bract, receptacle and calyx, densely
tomentose with verticillate-branched hairs; bract ascending, uni-
lateral, ovate-oblong or narrowly oblong, 1-1} lin. long ; flowers
tetramerous ; receptacle and calyx together campanulate, 1}—1{ lin.
long ; calyx shallowly lobed, {—7 lin. long ; corolla slightly clavate
above in the bud, slightly enlarged at the base, about 14 in. long,
villous-tomentose outside with verticillate-branched hairs ; basal
swelling ellipsoid, 14~1} lin. long; tube splitting unilaterally for a
short distance downwards, studded inside with conical papillee,
especially on the adnate part of the filaments ; lobes more or less
reflexed, linear-spathulate, 4-4} lin. long, upper part }—% lin. broad ;
stamens erect ; filaments 14-2 lin. long, linear, thickened towards
the apex ; anthers lanceolate-linear, 1-12 lin. long, }—} lin. broad,
divided transversely into numerous small cells arranged in 4 vertical
rows, connective produced beyond the cells, cells 5 in each of the
inner rows, 6 in each of the outer; disc quadrangular; style
narrowed upwards ; stigma ellipsoid, } lin. long. Harv. in Harv.
Sond. Fl. Cap. ii. 575 ; Engl. in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 84 ; Engl. in Engl.
& Prantl, Planzenfam. Nachtr. \ zu ii—iv. 131; Schinz in Bull. Herb.
Boiss. iv. App. iii. 54. Septulina ovalis, Van Tiegh. in Bull. Soc.
Bot. France, xiii. 263.
WesteRN Recion : Great Namaqualand; Aris Drift on the Orange River, on
Tamarix sp., Schenck, 258! Gais, on the lower Orange River, on Tamarix sp.
Schenck, 341! Little Namaqualand ; between the Holgat River and the Orange
River, Drége! Kaus Mountains, Drége! sandy ravine below Doornpoort, on
Lycium sp., Pearson, 6010! bed of the Kuboos River, on Tamarix sp., Pearson,
6070! sandy plain 5 miles north of Anenous, on Lycium sp., Pearson, 6185 !
Loranthus ovalis, EB. Meyer, is closely related to L. glaucus, Thunb., from which
it differs in the long verticillate-branched hairs which clothe the fully developed
corolla, and in the calyx, which is as long as the receptacle. Very young flower-
buds of Z. glaucus are rather thinly covered with short verticillate-branched hairs
which disappear by the time the corolla is fully developed.
A fruiting specimen collected in Little Namaqualand between Bitterfontein and
Stinkfontein, on Zygophyllum sp. (Pearson, 5534!) may belong to L. ovalis. The
berry is oblong-ovoid, crowned by the persistent calyx, which considerably overtops
the disc. It is difficult to distinguish Z. ovalis from L. glaucus in the absence of
flowers.
7. L. glaucus (Thunb. Prodr. 58); branches terete, pale brown,
with a glaucous appearance due to a covering of minute seale-like
stellate hairs, rather slender, 1 lin. or less in diam. 6 in. below the
apex ; branchlets spreading or ascending, like the leaves, pedicels,
receptacle and calyx, densely scurfy with stellate hairs and scales ;
leaves alternate, petioled, oblanceolate-oblong or obovate-oblong,
more rarely obovate or elliptic, 4-1} in. ees lin. broad,
' obtuse or rounded at the apex, gradually narro into the base,
_ coriaceous, midrib slightly raised on the lower surface ; petiole
a
Loranthus. | LORANTHACE& (Sprague). 107
2-1} lin. long; umbels axillary, sessile or more rarely three
together, the middle one peduncled, the lateral ones sessile, 2- or 4-
flowered, or flower solitary ; peduncle 2 lin. long or less ; pedicels
1-1} lin. long; bract suberect, unilateral, oblong-linear, 1-1} lin.
long ; flowers tetramerous ; receptacle and calyx together narrowly
campanulate, 1-1} lin. long; calyx distinctly 4-lobed, distinctly
shorter than the receptacle, }—2 ‘lin. long; corolla more or less
clothed in a young state with short verticillate-branched hairs
which rub off quickly, disclosing a scurfy covering of stellate hairs,
quadrangular in bud with concave faces, slightly clavate and more
densely scurfy above, slightly enlarged at the base, 1—14 in. long ;
basal swelling ellipsoid, 14 lin. long; flower expanding in two
stages, the lobes first separating from one another and becoming
reflexed, and the tube afterwards splitting unilaterally for a short
distance downwards ; tube studded inside with conical papille ;
lobes oblong-spathulate, 23-4 lin. long, upper part hardly + lin.
broad ; stamens erect ; filaments inserted about } lin. above the
base of the corolla-lobes, 1-1 lin. long ; anthers linear, about 1 lin.
long, divided transversely into numerous small cells arranged in
4 vertical rows, connective produced beyond the cells, cells 5 in
each of the inner rows, 6-7 in each of the outer ; disc quadrangular,
papillate ; style narrowed upwards; stigma ellipsoid, lin. long ;
berry oblong-ellipsoid, 3-34 lin. long, scaly, crowned by the
persistent calyx, which hardly overtops the disc. Thunb. Fl. Cap.
ed, 2, ii. 251; Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 295; Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea,
lil. 208; Eckl. & Zeyh, Enum. 358; Drége, Zwei Pj. Documente,
63, 94, 108, 113; Harv. in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. ii. 575 ; Engl. in
Engl. Jahrb. xx. 84; Engl. in Engl. & Pranil, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr.
1 zu ii-iv. 131; Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. App. iii. 53. L.
canescens, Burch. Trav. ii. 90; DC. Prodr. iv. 304. L. Burchellii,
Eckl. & Zeyh. Enum. 358, excl. syn. L. longitubulosus, Engl. & Krause
in Engl. Jahrb. li. 455, fig. 1. Septulina glauca, Van Tiegh. in Bull.
Soc. Bot. France, xlii. 263.
Coast Rrcion: Van Rhynsdorp Div. ; Ebenezer, Drége ! Heerenlogement, on
Rhus sp., Zeyher! Clanwilliam "Div. ; by the Olifants River, Bachmann, 358!
Malmesbury Div.; near Hopefield, between Matjesfontein and Hazenkraal,
Bachmann, 1854! between Phezanthoek and Tantjesfontein, Bachmann, 1907!
Saldanha Bay, Thunberg, Grey! Zeyher, 2280! Bolus, 12824! between Groene
Kloof and Saldanha Bay, Dréye! Worcester Div.; near the Hex River,
Zeyher, 2281! : oe ba
CENTRAL Recion: Ceres Div.; Verkerde Vley, Rehmann, 2847 ! ween
Little Doorn River and Great Doorn River, Burchell, 12101! Prince papa
between Dwyka River and Zwartbulletje, Drege ! Graaff Reinet Div. ; = side
of the Snowy Mountains, Burke! Murraysburg Div. ; near este ve Py
Lycium sp., Tyson, 117! Beaufort West Div. ; Gouph and Sib cnn ne
2281! Richmond Diy. ; Uitvlugt, ori 753! Britstown Div. ; enoster
Poort, by the Brak River, Burchell, 2219
Senin Recon: Great Namaqualand ; Keetmanshoop, Fleck, 312a! >
Dinter, 915! Little Karas Mountains, on the Us River, on Phaeoptilon sp., Engler,
6662; Geiab River, near Kanus, Dinter, 3071; mouth of the a
_ Schenel:, 234! Little Namaqualand ; near the mouth of the Orange River, : —e
Van Rhynsdorp Div. ; near Leislap, Zeyher, 753%! Karee Berg, Schlechter, 829
108 LORANTHACE (Sprague). [Loranthus.
The excellent figure and description of Loranthus longitubulosus, Engl. & Krause,
leave no room for doubt that it is identical with the common 8. African
L. glaucus, Thunb. The authors do not mention the transverse septation of the
anthers, but this may be easily overlooked.
Loranthus Burchellii, Eckl, & Zeyh., is a mere form of L. glaucus, Thunb., but
L. glaueus, var. Burchellii, DC., which was supposed by Ecklon and Zeyher to be
synonymous, is typical Z. elegans, Cham. & Schlecht. Z. glaucus, DC. Prodr. iv.
303, is also a synonym of Z. elegans.
Thunberg described the flowers of Z. glawcus as pentamerous: none but
tetramerous flowers have been observed by the writer.
8. L. elegans (Cham. & Schlecht. in Linniea, iii. 209) ; practically
glabrous ; branches terete, greyish-brown, 1-14 lin. in diam. 6 in.
below the apex; branchlets spreading or ascending; internodes
4-1 in. long; leaves ternate, opposite or alternate, petioled, linear-
lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, ?-24 in. long, 2-8 lin. broad,
obtuse at the apex, narrowed into the base, thinly coriaceous, very
obliquely penninerved, nerves slightly raised, especially on the
lower surface ; petiole 1-2 lin. long; inflorescence a 3-6-flowered
umbel, or a very short raceme bearing one or two flowers near the
middle of the rhachis and an umbellate group of three or four
flowers at its apex; umbels or racemes axillary, solitary or
geminate, leafiess or bearing at the base a pair of leaves or a whorl
of three leaves; peduncle or rhachis 13-6 lin. long ; pedicels 1-2
lin. long, like the bract very minutely puberulous with brownish
stellate hairs; bract ellipticoblong or triangular-ovate from a
saucer-shaped base, 3—3 lin. long, ventral margin hardly 4 lin. long ;
flowers pentamerous, apparently expanding in two stages, the
corolla-lobes separating for a short distance in the first place, and
becoming more or less revolute, while the stamens remain erect ; in
the second stage the corolla-lobes separate from one another as far
down as the insertion of the stamens and coil up spirally, while the
stamens break off shortly above their insertion; the corolla-tube
eventually splits down unilaterally or irregularly nearly to its base ;
receptacle and calyx together narrowly campanulate, 13-1} lin.
long ; calyx subtruncate or undulate, }—3 lin. long; corolla linear
in bud, inconspicuously pentagonal, 14 in. long or more, slightly
constricted 24-34 lin. above the base, slightly enlarged towards the
apex ; lobes linear, about 1 in. long ; filaments inserted 44-54 lin.
above the base of the corolla, narrowed upwards, 6-7 lin. long;
anthers linear, subtruncate, 34-54 lin. long, not transversely
divided ; disc } lin. high ; style filiform; stigma capitate, slightly
oblique. Drége in Linnea, xix. 663; Sprague in Kew Bulletin, 1914,
362. LL. schlechtendalianus, Schultes, Syst. Veg. vii. 1635 ; Krauss in
Flora, 1844, 432; Meisn. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. 539.
L. croceus, E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 63, 109, 139,
200, name only. L. glaucus, DC. Prodr. iv. 303, not of Thunb. ; var-
Burchellii, DC. lc. L. olewefolius, Eckl. & Zeyh. Enum. 358 ; Harv.
_ tm Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. ii. 576; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. iii.
— 209; Engl. in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 83; Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
in. 1, 187, ¢. 126, fig. L-N; not of Cham. & Schlecht. LL. oleifolius,
Loranthus. | LORANTHACE (Sprague). 109
Marloth, Fl. S. Afr. i. 167, t. 38, fig. A. L. speciosus, Engl. in Engl.
« Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 1 zu ii—iv. 131, not of Dietr.
Lichtensteinia elegans, and L. speciosa, Van Tiegh. in Bull. Soc. Bot.
France, xiii. 254, © Moquinia rubra, A. Spreng. Tent. Suppl. Syst.
Veg. 9 (1828) ; Griesselich in Linnea, v. 421.
Coast Recion : Clanwilliam Div. ; Olifants River, on Acacia sp., Zeyher, 2282!
Lange Vallei, Drége. George Div. ; Outeniqualand, Niven 8! Uitenhage Div. ;
by the Zwartkops and Bushmans Rivers, Zeyher, 107! by the Zwartkops River,
Burchell, 4429! Zeyher, 2283! Krauss, 1217 ; and without precise locality, Cooper,
1507! Alexandria Div. ; Olifants Hoek near the Bushmans River, Pappe! Albany
Diy. ; near Grahamstown, on Acacia sp., MacOwan, 568! Bushmans River, Drége !
Queenstown Div. ; base of Shepstone Berg, 4500 ft., Galpin, 1812! Cathcart Div. ;
Goshen, Windvogelsberg, on Acacia horrida, Willd., Baur, 930! King Williams-
town Div. ; Berlin, on Acacia horrida, Willd., Durban, 45! Komgha Div. ; near
Komgha, Flanagan, 727! Div. ? Caledons Kluft, Mund!
CenTRaL Reaion: Prince Albert Div.; between Dwyka River and Zwart-
bulletje, Drége! Beaufort West Div. ; by the Gamka River, Burke! Zeyher, 752!
Somerset Div. ; Bowker! Atherstone, 13! 106! Blyde River, Burchell, 2972!
Little Fish River, Hutton! near Somerset East, 2100 ft., on Acacia sp.,
Schlechter, 2702! Graaff Reinet Div. ; Graaff Reinet, Burchell, 2115! Bolus, 72!
near Monkey Ford, Burchell, 2887! Murraysburg Div. ; near Murraysburg,
Tyson, 347!
Harvey, Fl. Cap. ii. 576, erroneously identified Loranthus olexfolius, Cham. &
Schlecht., with Z. elegans, Cham. & Schlecht., and described the true
L, olexfolius as a new species, L. namaquensis, Harv.
9, L. Dregei (Eckl. & Zeyh. Enum. 358); young parts rusty-
tomentulose with verticillate-branched hairs, soon becoming
glabrous ; branches terete, greyish-brown, 1-1} lin. in diam. 6 in.
below the apex ; internodes 4-2 in. long ; leaves opposite, oblong or
elliptic, rounded at the apex, cuneate, obtuse or rounded at the
base, 1-24 in. long, $-14 in. broad, coriaceous or thinly coriaceous,
usually glabrous on both surfaces when adult ; petiole 14—4 lin. long,
rusty-pubescent in a young state, usually glabrous when adult ;
heads axillary, fascicled, 2—6-flowered, mainly produced on the
older parts of the branches after the leaves which subtend them
have fallen; peduncle 2-8 lin. long, pubescent or tomentulose ;
bract unilateral, broadly elliptic or suborbicular, very concave, 1}—
12 lin. long; flowers pentamerous, expanding in two stages, the
corolla-lobes in the first place separating below while remaining
united above ; in the second stage the upper parts of the corolla-
lobes separate from one another and become reflexed, while the
thickened upper parts of the filaments coil up sharply and break
off, bearing the anthers with them; receptacle and calyx together
subcylindric, 2-2} lin. long; receptacle densely villous with simple
adpressed hairs; calyx truncate, 1} lin. long, sometimes minutely
toothed, sparingly adpressed-pilose, ciliate ; corolla about 2 in. long,
densely adpressed-villous outside ; upper part oblong-ovoid in the
bud, acute, about 24 lin. long; tube orange-red (Wood), about
10 lin. long, not split unilaterally, glabrescent near the base,
slightly swollen above the calyx, and broadened upwards above the
swelling, which is about 24 lin. long; lobes yellow-green (Wood),
110 LORANTHACE (Sprague). [ Loranthus.
about 14 in. long, reflexed above the lower third, linear, gradually a
broadened upwards, upper part linear-lanceolate ; filaments inserted :
3-3} lin. above the base of the corolla-lobes, about 94 lin. long, —
breaking above the lower third when the flower expands, the lower- —
most 3£ lin. straight, linear, the remainder much thickened,
involute ; anthers linear, 2-horned at the apex, 1}—2 lin. long, not —
divided transversely ; disc } lin. high; style filiform; stigma —
ellipsoid, 2 lin. long, slightly bifid; berry oblong, tapering to an —
obtuse apex, covered with white silky hairs, and crowned with the
persistent calyx, dull pink when ripe, 5 lin. long, 3 lin. in diam.
(Wood). Harv. in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. ii. 575; Engl. in Engl.
Jahrb. xx. 84, 104; Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 166; M. S. Evans —
in Nature, li. 236; Schinz in Mém. Herb. Boiss. no. 10, Bl; 4
Wood, Natal Pl. iv. t. 312; Sprague in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. Ve
i. 311. DL. Dregei, forma subeuneifolia, Engl. lc. 104, as to the a
South African specimens. L. Dregei, forma obtusifolia, Engl. Le. 106,
as to the South African specimens. LL. roseus, Klotzsch in Peters,
Reise Mossamb. Bot. 177; Schinz in Mém. Herb. Boiss. no. 10, 32.
L. oblongifolius, E. Meyer in Drége, ZweisPfl. Documente, 148,
149 (angustifolius by error), 159, 200. Erianthemum Dregei, Van
Tiegh. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xlii. 248.
Coast Region: Komgha Div.; near Komgha, Flanagan in MacOwan, Herb.
Ausir.-Afr., 1527! British Katfraria, Cooper, 142!
Katanani Recion: Transvaal; near Lydenburg, Wilms, 200! Port Shepstone,
Burtt-Davy, 2413! and without precise locality, Sanderson!
Eastern Recron : Transkei ; Kentani, Miss Pegler, 418! Tembuland ; Morley,
Drége! Pondoland ; between Umtata River and St. Johns River, Drége! Natal ;
near Durban, Drége, Peddie! Sanderson, 203! Gerrard, 641! Inanda, Wood, 4451
Alexandria District, Rudatis, 266! and without precise locality, Gerrard ! Cooper,
1223 ! 24581! Sanderson, 552! Delagoa Bay ; on T'richilia emetica, Vahl, Montew®,
15! Lourenco Marques, Schlechter, 11564!
Also in Tropical Africa, where nine distinct varieties occur in addition to the
type. According to M. S. Evans (i.c.), the flowers of Z. Dregei are visited by
sunbirds, which insert their beaks into the slits between the corolla-lobes and a
cause the flower to open witha jerk. As the flower opens, the anthers are broken
sharply off, and fly away, scattering their pollen as they go. The point of
breakage is evidently at the junction between the slender and thickened parts of
the filament, judging from dried specimens, and it is apparently the sudden
coiling up of the thickened part which causes the explosive opening of the flower.
A specimen collected by Medley Wood (4467) on Acacia sp., near Qumbenl,
3000-4000 ft., Natal, apparently represents an undescribed variety. The leaves
differ from the type in being subcordate at the base, and in retaining a covering QF
stellate and verticillate-branched hairs on the lower surface when fully developed.
The bract is rather larger (1# liv. long). The receptacle is surrounded by a very
dense band of ascending hairs which increase its apparent diameter so that the
combined receptacle and calyx appear to be flask-shaped instead of subeylindric.
A isecond variety may be represented by Galpin, 708, from near BarbertoD,
Transvaal, and Rehmann, 6470, from Houtbosh. This resembles the above, but
has short stout peduncles and longer flowers.
10. L. Wyliei (Sprague) ; branches subterete, nodose, ash-coloured; :
rather slender, about 1 lin. in diam. 6 in. below the apex, glabrous;
branchlets minutely and rather densely pilose with very short U~_
Loranthus. | LORANTHACE (Sprague). 111
branched hairs ; internodes }—} in. long ; leaves alternate, petioled,
oblanceolate or oblong-oblanceolate, 8-13 lin. long, 3-54 lin. broad,
obtuse or rounded at the apex, narrowed into the base, thinly
coriaceous, glabrous, penninerved, nerves slightly raised on both
surfaces, lowest pair very oblique, running subparallel to the
midrib ; petiole 4-1 lin. long, minutely pilose on the upper surface ;
fascicles axillary, 2—3-flowered, or flowers solitary ; pedicels }—2 lin.
long ; bract cupular, subtruncate with a broadly ovate dorsal lobe,
minutely pilose outside, coarsely ciliate, slightly umbonate below
the lobe, dorsal margin 1} lin. long, ventral margin ? lin. long;
flowers pentamerous; receptacle and calyx together narrowly
cylindric, 3 lin. long, 2 lin. in diam. ; receptacle slightly thicker
than the calyx-tube, glabrous ; calyx 2 lin. long, 5-toothed, ciliate,
otherwise glabrous, teeth triangular, } lin, long; corolla about 2 in.
long, glabrous, linear in bud, clavate above, acute, apical swelling
about 34 lin. long; tube with a slight suprabasal swelling which
extends above the calyx, very narrow for 14 lin. above the swelling,
and then broadened gradually to the apex; lobes about 1} in. long,
reflexed at the middle, lower part linear from a broad base, upper
part oblanceolate-linear ; filaments inserted 4} lin. above the base
of the corolla-lobes, lower part erect, filiform, 4 lin. long, upper part
much thickened, coiling spirally when the flower expands ; anthers
linear, nearly 2 lin. long, not divided transversely, connective
truncate ; disc acutely lobed ; style filiform ; stigma ovoid, 3 lin. long.
Eastern Region : Zululand ; Ngoya, Wylie in Herb. Wood, 7468 !
L. Wyliet is most nearly allied to the Tropical African Z, Menyharthii, Engl.
& Schinz, from which it may be distinguished by the smaller glabrous leaves. It
bears a considerable resemblance to ZL. quinquenervis, Hochst., from which it
differs in the filaments and reflexed corolla-lobes.
11, L, quinquenervis (Hochst. in Flora, 1844, 432); glabrous ;
branches ash-coloured, 1-14 lin. in diam. 6 in. below the apex ;
branchlets smooth, greenish ; internodes {—{ in. long ; leaves alter-
nate, petioled, elliptic, ovate or suborbicular, {-2} in. long, 3-1} in.
broad, obtuse or rounded at the apex, subcuneate into the base,
coriaceous, 5-nerved from shortly above the base, nerves slightly
raised, especially on the upper surface ; petiole 1—3 lin. long;
umbels axillary, solitary or more rarely 3 together, 2-8-flowered :
peduncle very short and stout, expanded above into a pyramidal
receptacle divided into sockets, hardly 1 lin. long including the
receptacular portion ; pedicels } lin. long; bract cupular, produced
into a short truncate or 2-toothed lobe, dorsal margin ? lin. long,
bearing a large flattened elliptic umbo beneath the lobe, ventral
margin 4 lin. long ; flowers pentamerous, expanding in two stages ;
in the first, the lower portions of the corolla-lobes separate from one
another, while the upper portions remain connate ; in the second,
the upper part of the limb splits unilaterally, the lobes remaining
connate in a single piece ; receptacle and calyx together cylindric,
1} lin. long; calyx 2 lin. long, truncate ; corolla red, with white
112 LORANTHACE (Sprague). | Loranthus.
bands, about 14 in. long, linear in bud; tube with an oblong or
ellipsoid swelling about 14 lin. long immediately above the calyx,
very narrow for 1} lin. above the swelling, then slightly broadened
to the apex ; lobes 74-84 lin. long, erect, linear, slightly broadened
in the uppermost 14 lin.; filaments inserted 24-4 lin. above the
base of the corolla-lobes, filiform, 24 lin. long, inflexed or involute
when the flower expands, with two minute or almost obsolete teeth
3-} lin. below the apex on the ventral surface ; anthers linear,
1 lin. long, not divided transversely, connective truncate ; disc } lin.
high, slightly lobed ; style filiform ; stigma subglobose, } lin. in diam. ;
unripe berry oblong-obovoid, 4 lin. long. DL. quinquenervius, Hare.
in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. ii. 578; Wood, Natal Pl. iii. t. 295. L.
tenuiflorus, Harv. l.c. in syn., not of Hook. f.
Coast Recton: East London Div.; in bush along sea-coast, Galpin, 1832!
Komgha Div. ; by the Kei River, Flanagan, 327! and in MacOwan, Herb. Austr.-
Afr., 1648! Kaffraria; Krielis Country, Bowker, 556! British Kaffraria,
Cooper, 60!
CrenTRAL Recion: Albert Div. ; Cooper, 1761!
Katanarti Recion: Transvaal, Sanderson !
Eastern Recion: Transkei; Kentani, Miss Pegler, 1517 ! Natal; near Durban,
Grant! Sutherland! Gerrard, 639! Wood, 1653! and without precise locality,
Gerrard, 71! Cooper, 2457! Sanderson, 698 |
According to Medley Wood, l.c., the corolla of L. quinquenervis is inflated
and pinky-white at base, lower part of the central portion bright scarlet, then
pinky-white to where the stamens are inserted, then another band of white,
remainder scarlet.
12, L, Galpinii (Schinz MSS.); glabrous ; branches rather stout,
very nodose, greyish-brown, rather densely lenticellate, the leafless
parts bearing the inflorescences 2-24 lin. in diam.; branchlets
smooth, brown, about 1} lin. in diam. 6 in. below the apex ; inter-
nodes 3-1} in. long; leaves opposite, petioled, oblong-lanceolate,
straight or slightly curved, 3-4} in. long, 5-10 lin. broad, obtuse
at the apex or apiculate, gradually narrowed into the base, rigidly
coriaceous, penninerved, lateral nerves oblique, more or less raised
on both surfaces or indistinct, midrib distinctly raised ; petiole
4-5 lin. long ; umbels axillary, solitary or geminate on the leafless
parts of the branches, or borne singly on the branchlets, 2-flowered ;
peduncle stout, 14-3 lin. long, receptacular portion bordered by @
thin margin } lin. broad; pedicels about 1 lin. long, very stout;
bract subcupular, 2-lipped, dorsal lip erect, 14-14 lin. long, rounded,
ventral lip patulous, 3 lin. long, truncate; flowers pentamerous ;
receptacle and calyx together campanulate, much expanded above
the middle, 3 lin. long; receptacle 13 lin. long, 1} lin. in diam. ;
calyx cupular, truncate, 11-1} lin. long, 24 lin. in diam. ; corolla
yellow (Galpin), about 3 in. long, linear in bud, very slightly clavate
above ; tube pentagonal, not inflated at the base, gradually broadened
from below the middle to the apex, not splitting unilaterally ; lobes
12 in. long, 14 lin. broad, linear-oblanceolate, acute, reflexed 24-3 —
lin. above their base ; stamens crimson (Galpin) ; filaments inserted
1} lin. above the base of the corolla-lobes, erect, about 10 lin. long, —
Loranthus. | LORANTHACES (Sprague). 113
under } lin. broad; anthers linear, slightly broadened upwards
8 lin. long, connective truncate ; disc sunk, pentagonal, ~ lin. high ;
stigma broadly ovoid, 3 lin. long.
Katanart-Recion : Transvaal; Kaap River valley, Barberton, on Sclerocarya
caffra, Sond., Galpin, 896!
Allied to the Tropical African Z. panganensis, Engl., which has tetramerous
flowers.
13, L. Zeyheri (Harv. in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. ii. 576);
branches stout, brown, shortly pilose, 14-2 lin. in diam. 6 in. below
the apex, bearing short-shoots in the axils of the fallen leaves ;
branchlets shortly hispid, about 1 lin. in diam. ; internodes }-1} in.
long ; short-shoots perulate at the base, shortly and densely hispid,
bearing 3-5 pairs of leaves and terminated by an umbel ; leaves
Opposite, petioled, obovate or oblanceolate, the lower broader and
shorter than the upper, 1-2 in. long, 5-9 lin. broad, obtuse or
rounded at the apex, gradually narrowed into the base, shortly
pilose in a young state, at length becoming nearly glabrous, very
obliquely penninerved, the lower 3-5-nerved from shortly above the
base, nerves raised on both surfaces ; petiole }-24 lin. long ; umbels
3—6-flowered ; pedicels 2-3 lin. long, shortly hispid, thickened at
the apex and base; bract unilaterally developed from a platter-
shaped base, erect, oblong or lanceolate-oblong, 14-24 lin. long,
$ lin. broad, keeled, margins inflexed, pilose outside, equalling or
overtopping the calyx ; flowers pentamerous ; receptacle and calyx
together campanulate, 13-13 lin. long; calyx truncate, ciliate,
margin patulous, }—2 lin. long, intramarginal ring § lin. high ;
corolla white and yellow (Miss Pegler), 2-2} lin. long, linear in
bud, very acute, broadest about the middle; tube slightly enlarged
at the base, splitting unilaterally downwards to the middle ; lobes
erect, narrowly oblanceolate-spathulate, about 7} lin. long, upper
part linear-oblanceolate, 5 lin. long, 3 lin. broad, middle part 1} lin.
long, 3 lin. broad, lower part 1 lin. long, % lin. broad at the base,
harrowed upwards ; filaments inserted at the base of the corolla-
lobes, inflexed, 3-4 lin. long, flattened, narrowed upwards, with a
ventral oblong thickening } lin. long at the apex ; anthers linear,
3 lin. long ; dise pentagonal, hardly lobed, shorter than the calyx ;
style skittle-shaped above, thickened part 3-3} lin. long ; stigma
ellipsoid, nearly } lin. long ; berry ellipsoid or obovoid, 4 lin. long.
Engl. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 1 zu ii.—iv. 131.
Acranthemum Zeyheri, Van Tiegh. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xlii. 255.
Kabanari Recion; Transvaal ; Magaliesberg Range, by the Crocodile River, on
thunbergiana, Eckl. & Zeyh., and Acacia sp., Zeyher, 168 ! 751! Worsdell!
Hang Klip Berg between Matlalas Hills and Makapans Poort, Baines ! near
Rustenburg, Miss Pegler, 987! Houtbosh, Rehmann, 6466! Modderfontein on
Acacia caffra, Willd., and A. horrida, Willd., Conrath, 330!
Also recorded as collected by Burke, by the Gamka River, Beaufort West Div.,
but this is probably a mistake due to misplacement of labels.
_ FL. C.— VoL. V.—S8ECT. I. I
114 LORANTHACEA (Sprague). [ Loranthus.
14, L. Moorei (Sprague) ; closely allied to the preceding species,
from which it differs in the following characters: branches, short-
shoots, leaves and inflorescence glabrous ; leaves glaucous ; umbels
about 6-flowered; bract unilaterally developed from a _ saucer-
shaped base, more or less foliaceous, 3-6 lin. long, 3-1} lin. broad,
or non-foliaceous, 14-2 lin. long, flat, not keeled; receptacle and
calyx together broadly campanulate, 14 lin. long ; calyx 5-toothed,
1-1 lin. long; corolla 24 in. long; tube distinctly swollen at the
base ; lobes linear-lanceolate, 7 lin. long, nearly ? lin. broad ;
filaments deflexed, 24 lin. long; anthers nearly 3 lin, long; disc
2_1 lin. longer than the calyx ; thickened part of style 45 lin. long.
Katanari Recion: Transvaal; near Barberton, Moore !
L. Moorei may be distinguished from ZL. natalitius, Meisn., by the glaucous
leaves, and the bract, which is longer than or at least as long as the receptacle
and calyx.
15, L, natalitius (Meisn. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. 539) ;
glabrous ; branches fairly stout, brown, about 1} lin. in diam. 6 in.
below the apex, bearing short-shoots in the axils of the fallen
leaves ; branchlets 3-1 lin. in diam. ; short-shoots perulate at the
base, bearing 2 or more pairs of leaves, and terminated by an umbel ;
leaves opposite or alternate on the branches and branchlets, opposite
on the short-shoots, petioled, oblanceolate or obovate, 1-2 in. long,
4-10 lin. broad, obtuse or rounded at the apex, narrowed into the
base, coriaceous, obliquely penninerved, nerves slightly raised on
both surfaces ; petiole 1-4 lin. long ; umbels 3-6-flowered ; pedicels
3-5 lin. long; bract broadly and shortly ovate frem a saucer-
shaped base, dorsal margin 3—} lin, long, subtruncate, sparingly
ciliate, broadly umbonate to within } lin. below the apex, ventral
margin } lin. long ; flowers pentamerous or occasionally hexamerous
(Harvey) ; receptacle and calyx together shortly and widely cam-
panulate, 1{-1}5 lin. long; calyx patulous, truncate, irregularly
split, nearly 4 lin. long including the intramarginal ring, which 35
under { lin. high; corolla waxy-white tipped with orange-yellow,
linear in bud, very acute, slightly enlarged at the base, 2}—23 in.
long ; tube splitting unilaterally downwards to about the middle ;
lobes erect, lanceolate-linear, 10-11 lin. long, 3-3 lin. broad ;
filaments inserted } lin. above the base of the corolla-lobes,
defiexed or inflexed, gradually narrowed upwards, 4-4} lin. long,
scarlet in lower portion, orange-yellow upwards (Wood), with @
ventral oblong thickening } lin. long at the apex ; anthers linear,
3-34 lin. long, connective produced to-} lin.. above the cells ; dise
pentagonal, not lobed, ? lin. high, a little shorter than the calyx ;
style skittle-shaped above, thickened part 5} lin. long; stigma
ellipsoid, 4 lin. long, more or less distinctly bilobed or trilobed.
Harv. Thes. Cap. i. 19, t. 30; Harv. in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. ii.
576 ; Wood, Natal Pl. iv. t. 374; Engl. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzen-
fam. Nachtr. 1 zu ii-iv. 131. Acranthemum natalitium, Van Tiegh-
in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xiii. 255.
j
]
]
1
j
a .
Pea ee a Oe NS ee Oe eee eeT
Loranthus. | LORANTHACE® (Sprague). 115
Eastern Reaion: Natal; Table Mountain, Krauss, 208! Gueinzius! near
Durban, Sanderson, 194! near Itafamasi, Wood, 748! Umlaas, Wood, 9631; and
without precise locality, Gerrard, 223! Mrs. Saunders !
16, L, minor (Sprague) ; branches slender, ash-coloured or greyish-
brown, under 1 lin. in diam. 6 in. below the apex, bearing short-
shoots in the axils of the fallen leaves ; branchlets pale brown, }—}
lin. in diam. ; short-shoots perulate at the base, minutely puberu-
lous, bearing 2-3 pairs of leaves, and terminated by an umbel;
leaves opposite, petioled, ovate-lanceolate or ovate, {-1} in. long,
4—6 lin. broad, obtuse or rounded at the apex, obtuse or cuneate at
the base, thinly coriaceous, glabrous, 3-nerved from shortly above
the base, nerves inconspicuous; petiole }-2 lin. long, slender ;
umbels 2-5-flowered ; pedicels 3-4 lin. long, slender; bract uni-
laterally developed from a platter-shaped base, }—3 lin. long, oblong,
very concave, sometimes almost cymbiform, obtuse, rounded or
truncate at the apex, thickly and obtusely keeled; flowers pen-
tamerous ; receptacle and calyx together campanulate, 14 lin. long ;
calyx } lin. long including the intramarginal ring, subtruncate ;
corolla linear in bud, broadest about the middle, slightly clavate
above, acutely acuminate, up to 2 in. long ; filaments 24-5 lin. long,
with a ventral oblong thickening 3 lin. long at the apex; anthers
linear, 24-3} lin. long, connective rounded ; disc much shorter than
the calyx ; style filiform ; stigma ovoid, nearly } lin. long ; berry
red, obovoid, 4—5 lin. long. JL. natalitius, var. minor, Harv. in
Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. ii. 576 (misplaced under LL. Zeyheri) ; Wood,
Handb. Fi, Natal, 115.
Eastern Recton: Natal; Mooi River, Gerrard, 1434! by the Umtwalumi
River, on Clausena inaequalis, Benth., Gerrard d& McKen, 1863! Umzinyati, Wood,
1320! Alexandra District, Dumisa, Rudatis, 1120! Zululand ; Qudeni Forest,
6000 ft., Davis in Herb. Wood, 8608 !
Distinguished from the preceding species, to which it has hitherto been referred
as a variety, by the minutely puberulous short-shoots, the smaller, less coriaceous
leaves, the smaller, very slender corolla, the dise much shorter than the calyx,
and the filiform style. The corolla is white, tipped with yellow (Gerrard), or
red and pink (Wood).
17. L, Bolusii (Sprague) ; glabrous ; branches terete, ash-coloured,
densely lenticellate ; branchlets subangular, brown, about ? lin. in
diam. 6 in. below the apex ; internodes 4-1 in. long ; leaves opposite
or alternate, petioled, oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, 13-2} in. long,
5-8 lin. broad, minutely apiculate or obtuse at the apex, narrowed
into the base, rigidly coriaceous, trinerved from shortly above the
base, nerves slightly raised on the upper surface, less evident on the
lower; petiole 14-24 lin. long; umbels axillary, solitary, shortly
peduncled, 4—5-flowered; peduncle stout, }—} lin. long; pedicels
5-2 lin. long; bract cupular, produced dorsally into a deltoid lobe,
dorsal margin 3 lin. long, equalling the calyx, ventral margin 3 lin.
long ; flowers pentamerous ; receptacle and calyx together turbinate,
% lin. long; calyx truncate, } lin. long; corolla 10-11 a long ;
I
116 LORANTHACE (Sprague). [ Loranthus.
tube splitting unilaterally or irregularly, with a suprabasal ellipsoid
swelling 11 lin. long commencing } lin. above the base, constricted
for about } lin. above the swelling and then broadened to the apex ;
lobes erect, linear-spathulate, 5-6 lin. long, } lin. broad ; filaments
inserted 1} lin. above the base of the corolla-lobes, deflexed, tapering,
about 2? lin. long; anthers linear, % lin. long; dise pentagonal,
not lobed, } lin. high; style filiform; stigma depressed-globose,
2 lin, in diam.
Eastern Reeion: Delagoa Bay, 18 miles from Lourenco Marques, Bolus,
9764!
A very distinct species, apparently allied to Z. Lugardi, N. E. Brown, a native
of Ngamiland. The corolla resembles that of Z. rondensis, Engl., but the latter
belongs to a group of species characterized by involute filaments with transverse
grooves on the dorsal surface.
18, L, rubromarginatus (Engl. in Engl. Jahrb, xl. 535) ; glabrous ;
stem very thick, up to 7 lin. in diam., much swollen at the nodes ;
branches fairly stout, greyish-brown, nodose, nearly 2 lin. in diam.
6 in. below the apex ; short-shoots borne on the stem and branches
in the axils of the fallen leaves, extremely contracted, cushion-like,
bearing leaves and inflorescences ; leaves petioled, elliptic-oblong or
elliptic, 1-1} in. long, 5-14 lin. broad, obtuse or rounded at the
apex, obtuse at the base, coriaceous with cartilaginous margins,
obliquely penninerved, nerves about 4 on each side of the midrib,
raised on both surfaces; petiole 1-3 lin. long; umbels fascicled,
3—4-flowered ; peduncle stout, 1 lin. long or less, with thin partitions
between the sockets of the pedicels; pedicels 4 lin. long; bract
ovate-cupular, dorsal margin 7-1 lin. long, ventral margin 3—} lin.
long ; flowers pentamerous ; receptacle and calyx together campanu-
late, 13-1 lin. long; calyx subtruncate, 3-2 lin. long; corolla
purplish-crimson (Galpin), 2 in. long in bud or less, clavate above,
inflated at the base, constricted above the basal swelling, broadened
to the middle and again narrowed to the base of the apical swelling,
apical swelling oblong, 24 lin. long, pentagonal with concave faces,
5-ribbed, basal swelling ellipsoid, 24-3 lin. long; tube splitting
unilaterally downwards to below the middle; lobes reflexed below
the middle, spathulate, 44-5 lin. long, 7-1 lin. broad; filaments
inserted § lin. below the base of the corolla-lobes, deflexed, produced
in front of the anther into a deltoid obtuse tooth } lin. long, 21-34
lin, long excluding the tooth; anthers narrowly oblong, 14—14 lin.
long, truncate ; dise 1-} lin. high, pentagonal, hardly lobed ; style
skittle-shaped above, thickened part 34-4 lin. long, broadest below
the middle ; stigma ovoid or ellipsoid, } lin. long or less. L. glabri-
florus, Conrath in Kew Bulletin, 1908, 226.
KaLaHart Recion: Transvaal; Magaliesberg Range at Buffelspoort, very
common on Faurea sp., Protea sp., and Combretum sp., Engler, 2837a! Uppet
Moodies, near Barberton, on Chrysophyllum magalismontanum, Sond., Galpt,
1084! near Witpoortje, on Acacia sp., Conrath, 331!
Allied to Z, olexfolius, Cham. & Schlecht., from which it differs in the glabrous
corolla with a distinctly ribbed apical swelling.
Loranthus. | LORANTHACE (Sprague). 117
19, L. oleefolius (Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, iii. 209);
branches terete, nodose, 24-3} lin. in diam. 1 ft. below the apex,
pale brown, buff-coloured or ashy-grey, glabrous; branchlets
minutely and densely puberulous in a young state, soon becoming
glabrous, rather slender, 1-1} lin. in diam. 6 in. below the apex ;
internodes }~2 in. long; leaves opposite, subopposite or alternate,
petioled, elliptic-oblong, ovate, lanceolate, obovate or oblanceolate,
7-34 in. long, }-11 in. broad, obtuse or rounded at the apex, obtuse
or cuneate at the base, rather thickly coriaceous, minutely puberulous
in a young state, quickly becoming glabrous, dull, penninerved,
lateral nerves rather oblique, 4-5 on each side, anastomosing far
from the margin, more or less raised on both surfaces in a dried
state ; petiole 1-3 lin. long; umbels axillary, solitary or fascicled,
3—4-flowered, minutely puberulous; peduncle stout, }—2 lin. long ;
pedicels 2-1 lin. long ; bract ovate-cupular, dorsal margin {-1} lin.
long, ventral margin 3—3 lin. long ; flowers pentamerous, expanding
in two stages: in the first the corolla-lobes separate from one
another and become reflexed, the filaments remaining closely
pressed together round the style, in the second the corolla-tube
splits unilaterally to about the middle, and the filaments become
deflexed ; receptacle and calyx together campanulate, wide-mouthed,
1}-2 lin. long ; calyx subtruncate or repand, 3—j lin. long; corolla
red, tipped with green (Pearson), 14-1} in. long in bud, minutely
puberulous outside, basal swelling ellipsoid, 13-2} lin. long, apical
swelling oblong-ellipsoid, obtusely pentagonal with flat or slightly
convex faces, subtruncate or apiculate from a rounded apex, 2-2}
lin. long, 11-1} lin. in diam.; tube constricted above the basal
swelling, then broadened to the middle and again narrowed to the
base of the apical swelling; lobes reflexed below the middle,
spathulate, 34-41 lin. long, upper part 2 lin. long, { lin. broad :
filaments inserted 4-3 lin. below the base of the corolla-lobes,
deflexed or inflexed, 21-23 lin. long, produced in front of the
anther into a tooth 1-2 lin. long; anthers narrowly oblong, truncate
or very slightly emarginate, 11-1} lin. long; dise }- lin. high, not
lobed ; style skittle-shaped above, thickened part 2{-3} lin. long ;
stigma depressed-globose or obovoid, }—3 lin. long, 3—} lin. in diam. ;
berry orange (Pearson), ellipsoid, 5 lin. long. DC. Prodr. iv. 304,
Schultes, Syst. Veg. vii. 1634; E. Meyer in Drege, Zwei PA. Docu-
mente, 93,96 ; Sprague in Kew Bulletin, 1914,362. L. speciosus, F. G.
Dietr. Lexik. Gaertn. Nachtr. iv. 473. L. Lichtensteinii, Herb. Willd.
ex Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnzea, iii. 209, in synonymy. L. Meyeri,
Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 76, name only; Engl. & Gilg in Warb. Kunene-
Sambh. Exped. 228 ; var. ligqustrifolius, Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i.
932 ; var. inachabensis, Engl. in Engl. Jahrb. x1. 535. L. namaquensis,
Harv. in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. ii. 577 ; Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 1.
App. iii. 54; N. E. Brown in Kew Bulletin, 1909, 135 ; De Wild. Pl.
Nov. Herb. Hort. Then. t. 78; Sprague in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. 1.
361; var. ligustrifolius, Engl. in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 120. L. bumbensis,
Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw.i.933. Lichtensteinia olewfolia, Wendl.
118 LORANTHACE (Sprague), { Loranthus.
Coll. Pl. ii. 4, t. 39. Tapinanthus namaquensis, Van Tiegh. in Bull.
Soc. Bot. France, xh. 267.
Var. 8, Forbesii (Sprague) ; corolla glabrous, : :
Var. y, Leendertzi# (Sprague) ; corolla densely villous or coarsely pilose with
rusty septate hairs; peduncle, pedicels and bract villous or coarsely pilose ;
pedicels sometimes suppressed.
CenTRaL Recion : Prieska Div. ; Prieska, by the Orange River, Lichtenstein ;
near the Orange River between Gariep Station and Shallow Ford, Burchell,
1648 !
Western Recion: Great Namaqualand; Naiams, Schinz, 284 ; Gauas, Schinz,
288! Kuibes, Schinz, 289; Schenck, 377; Bethany, Schenck, 394, 395 ; north of
Keetmanshoop, Fenchel, 154; Karas Mountains, Fenchel, 153 ; Sandverhaar, on
Parkinsonia africana, Sond., Pearson, 4440! Little Bushmanland ; Ramonds
Drift, Orange River, Schlechter! Bushmanland; banks of the Orange River near
Abbasis, Pearson, 3005! sandy plains between Ougrabies and Kweekfontein, on
Parkinsonia africana, Sond., Pearson, 3796! Little Namaqualand ; by the Groen
River, Drége! Orange River, near Verleptpram, Drége! near Modderfontein,
Whitehead | Bolus, 9450! and without precise locality, Wyley, 73!
KaLAHARI REGION: Bechuanaland; near Kuruman, on Acacia detinens, Burch.,
Marloth, 1075! Var. y: Transvaal; Pietpotgieters Rust, on Acacia sp.,
Miss Leendertz, 1142! in thickets near Badsloop, Schlechter, 4291 ! Crocodile
River, Burke! Doorn River, on a quince bush, Nelson, 538 !
Eastern Recton: Var. 8: Delagoa Bay, Forbes! Morakwen, Junod, 457 !
Harvey, following Ecklon & Zeyher, wrongly identified Lichtensteinia olewfolia,
Wendl., with Loranthus elegans, Cham. & Schlecht., and described the latter
under the name Loranthus olexfolius (Fl. Cap. ii. 576). He described the true
Loranthus olexfolius, Cham. & Schlecht., as a new species, LZ. namaquensis, Harv.
An historical account of Z. elegans and L. oleexfolius is given in Kew Bulletin,
1914, 359.
L, oleefolius, Cham. & Schlecht., as defined above, is polymorphic in regard
to the shape and size of the leaves, and the indumentum of the corolla. Var. 8
Forbesii appears to differ from the type in nothing but the glabrous corolla; but
Miss Leendertz’s specimen, which is the type of var. y Leendertzix, has densely
villous inflorescences and sessile flowers, and has a very distinct facies. It is,
however, connected with typical LZ. olewfolius by the specimens collected by
Burke and Nelson, which have much less hairy inflorescences and distinctly
pedicelled flowers.
20, L, kraussianus (Meisn. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. 539) ;
glabrous; branches rather slender, hardly 14 lin. in diam. 1 ft.
below the apex, greyish-brown, conspicuously lenticellate ; branchlets
slender, subangular, smooth, green, turning black on drying ; inter-
nodes #-1$ in. long; leaves opposite, subopposite or alternate,
conspicuously petioled, ovate or lanceolate, 14-3 in. long, 4-14 im.
broad, obtuse or rounded at the apex, obtuse or more or less cuneate
at the base, thinly coriaceous, slightly glossy, obliquely penninerved,
the second pair of nerves from the base more conspicuous than the
rest, running subparallel to the midrib, the upper part of the leaf
often appearing trinerved in consequence, nerves raised on both
surfaces in a dried state ; petiole 4-6 lin. long; umbels axillary,
solitary on the branchlets, solitary or geminate on the branches,
4-8-flowered ; peduncle 14-4 lin. long; pedicels 2-2} lin. long,
very oblique at the apex ; bract erect, unilaterally developed from a
saucer-shaped base, broadly oblong, truncate or rounded, very con-
Loranthus. | LORANTHACE (Sprague). 119
cave, 3-§ lin. long, strongly umbonate ; flowers pentamerous or
hexamerous (Wood), expanding in two stages: the lower parts of
the corolla-lobes first separating from one another and becoming
bowed outwards, the whole corolla afterwards splitting unilaterally
downwards to the middle of the tube, the lobes remaining more or
less connate by their upper parts, and the filaments becoming
deflexed ; receptacle and calyx together urceolate, 1-1} lin. long ;
calyx subtruncate, }—1 lin. long including the intramarginal ring,
which is 1-5 lin. high; corolla bright red externally, a little
lighter within, dull greenish-yellow at the apex (Wood), 14-2 in.
long in bud, basal swelling subglobose, ellipsoid or oblong-ovoid
13-2} lin. long, apical swelling oblong, 24 lin. long, rounded or
truncate, pentagonal, strongly 5-ribbed, tube constricted for about
1 lin. above the basal swelling, then broadened upwards to the
middle and again narrowed to the base of the apical swelling ;
lobes erect, spathulate-linear, 33-4 lin. long, lower part soft,
narrowed upwards, }—% lin. broad at the base, 2 lin. broad at the
apex, flat, slightly ribbed outside, upper part with a hard inner
layer, 2-22 lin. long, 3—} lin. broad, narrowly boat-shaped as seen
from the side, strongly keeled ; filaments inserted at the base of the
corolla-lobes, deflexed or inflexed, produced in front of the anther
into an obtuse or rounded tooth }—} lin. long, 2-2} lin. long
excluding the tooth ; anthers oblong-linear, 1} lin. long ; dise } lin.
high, distinctly lobed ; style skittle-shaped above, thickened part
2-21 lin. long; stigma depressed-globose, 4 lin. long, } lin. in
diam, ; berry obovoid, 3-3} lin. long. Engl. in Engl. Jahrb. xx.
109; M. S. Evans in Nature, li. 235; Wood, Natal Pl..i. t. 76.
Tapinanthus kraussianus, Van Tiegh. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France,
xlii. 267.
VaR. 8, transvaalensis (Sprague); branchlets pale brown in a dried state ;
leaves rigidly coriaceous; pedicels 14-1? lin. long; receptacle and calyx
together Z lin. long ; corolla-lobes 3? lin. long, upper part 13 lin. long.
VaR. y, puberulus (Sprague); like the type, but inflorescence and corolla
puberulous ; receptacle and calyx together { lin. long; corolla-lobes 3-8} lin.
long, upper part 1? lin. long.
Coast Reaion : Var. y: Komgha Div. ; near Keimouth, Flanagan, 25! se
Katanart Recion: Var. 8: Transvaal ; near Barberton, on Combretum Kraussii,
Hochst., and other trees, Galpin, 879!
Eastern REGION : Trevakel : Kentani, Miss Pegler, 292! Natal; near Durban,
Krauss, 125! Gueinzius! Gerrard & McKen, 640! Wood, 195! 1724! Cooper,
2461! Conrath, 755! on Chetachme aristata, Planch., Evans; Mount Moreland,
Wood, 1383! ‘Alexandra District, Dumisa, Rudatis, 1246! and without precise
locality, Gerrard, 94! on Sapindus sp., Cooper, 2459! Mrs. Saunders !
__ 21. L. prunifolius (E. Meyer in Droge, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 140,
142, name only); vegetative parts glabrous ; branches 1}~2 lin. in
diam. 1 ft. below the apex, the younger ones brown, much wrinkled
in a dried state, the older greyish-brown, conspicuously lenticellate ;
branchlets rather slender, smooth, pale green, often turning black
on drying ; internodes }—2} lin. long ; leaves opposite or subopposite,
120 LORANTHACE (Sprague). [ Loranthus.
conspicuously petioled, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 1—3 in. long, 2—]2 in.
broad, obtuse or rounded at the apex, obtuse or subcuneate at the
base, coriaceous, dull, penninerved, nerves irregular, patulous or
rather oblique, more or less raised on both surfaces in a dried state
or hardly visible; petiole 3-10 lin. long; umbels borne on the
branchlets, axillary, solitary, 6-10-flowered; peduncle 1}—4 lin.
long, like the pedicels, bracts, receptacle and calyx minutely and
densely pilose with rusty hairs; pedicels 14-2} lin. long, rather
oblique at the apex ; bract unilaterally developed from a saucer-
shaped or platter-shaped base, ovate or oblong, 2—2 lin. long, slightly
thickened on the back; flowers pentamerous, expanding as in L
kraussianus ; receptacle and calyx together campanulate, 14-14 lin.
long; calyx shortly 5-toothed or repand, }—} lin. long including
the teeth and the intramarginal ring, which is ,—} lin. high ;
corolla orange, 14—2 in. long, basal swelling oblong-ovoid or ellipsoid,
2-34 lin. long, apical swelling oblong, 2} lin. long, pentagonal,
5-ribbed ; tube constricted for about 1 lin. above the basal swelling,
then broadened upwards to the middle and again narrowed to the
base of the apical swelling ; lobes erect, spathulate-linear, 4-5} lin.
long, lower part soft, distinctly ribbed outside, upper part with a
hard inner layer, 2-24 lin. long, narrowly boat-shaped as seen from
the side, keeled ; filaments inserted at the base of the corolla-lobes,
deflexed or inflexed, produced in front of the anther into a tooth
4-4 lin. long, 24-3 lin. long excluding the tooth; anthers oblong-
linear, 12-1} lin. long; dise 1-1 lin. high, hardly lobed; style
skittle-shaped above, thickened part 21-3 lin. long; stigma sub-
globose, $ lin. in diam.; berry obovoid, 34-4 lin. long. Harv. mm
Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. ii. 578; Engl. in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 109.
oo prunifolius, Van Tiegh. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xiii.
Coast Recion : Bathurst Div.; Glenfilling. Drége! by the Kowie River, Ecklon
& Zeyher | Albany Div. ; Grahamstown, on Ficus capensis, Thunb., Galpin, 2922!
Fish River, Schlechter, 6109! and without precise locality, /futton ! Bedford Div. ;
‘in the valley of the Mankasana River, MacOwan, 411! King Williamstown Div. ;
between Keiskamma River and the Buffalo River, Drége! Perie Forest, Kuntze!
Komgha Diy. ; near Komgha, Flanagan, 111! British Kaffraria, Cooper, 329! 543!
CENTRAL REGION ; Somerset Div. ; near Somerset East, Bowker !
L. prunifolius is closely allied to L. kraussianus, from which it differs in the
shape of the receptacle, the more or less distinctly 5-toothed calyx, the longer
corolla-lobes, which are less strongly keeled, and the indumentum of the corolla.
‘The leaves are on the whole broader, thicker and less obliquely nerved than those
of L. kraussianus. L. kraussianus var. puberulus resembles L, prunifolius
the indumentum of the inflorescence and corolla, but agrees with L. kraussianus
in other respects,
22. L. Schlechteri (Engl. in Engl. Jahrb. xl. 530); branches
terete, very nodose, densely lenticellate, ash-coloured, 14-1} lin. in
diam. 6 in. below their apex ; branchlets very short, 1-2 in. long,
subangular, pale brown, minutely pilose ; internodes 2-9 lin. long;
leaves opposite, ovate or elliptic, }—-1 in. long, 4—7 lin. broad, obtuse
or rounded at the apex, rounded or subcuneate at the base,
Oe SN ee eer ae
Loranthus. | LORANTHACE (Sprague). 121
coriaceous, glabrous, dull, nerves indistinct; petiole about } lin.
long, minutely rusty-pilose in a young state; umbels axillary,
solitary or fascicled, 3-4-flowered ; peduncle 1} lin. long, puberulous
above, with cupular sockets in which the pedicels are inserted ;
pedicels very slender, 2} lin. long ; bract shorter than the receptacle
and calyx, elliptic-ovate from a saucer-shaped base, dorsal margin
2 lin. long, minutely ciliate, ventral margin } lin. long ; flowers
tetramerous, only known in bud; receptacle and calyx together
campanulate, 7 lin. long ; calyx subtruncate, }—2 lin. long, minutely
ciliate ; corolla 8 lin. long in bud, clavate, tetragonal, apical swelling
2? lin. long, obtuse ; filaments becoming involute when the flower
expands, inserted 2 lin. above the base of the corolla, linear, 34 lin.
long, grooved on the inner surface, produced in front of the anther
into a triangular very acute tooth, 2 lin. long; anthers linear,
2 lin. long, truncate, the inner lobes | lin. shorter than the outer ;
disc tetragonal, hardly lobed, } lin. high; style filiform ; stigma
ellipsoid, 3 lin. long.
Eastern Recion : Mozambique ; Macocololo, Schlechter, 12061!
Allied to Z. ramulosus, Sprague, a native of British East Africa.
II. VISCUM, Linn.
Flowers moneecious or dicecious. Calyx absent or represented by
a mere rim. Corolla regular. Male flower trimerous or tetra-
merous :—Receptacle more or less hollowed. Corolla polypetalous,
but usually appearing gamopetalous owing to the absence of
demarcation between the petals and the receptacular tube ; petals
3-4, more or less triangular. Anthers sessile, adhering by their
dorsal surface to the lower part of the petals and the upper part of
the receptacular tube ; cells numerous, dehiscing introrsely by pores.
Female flower :—Corolla superior, polypetalous ; petals 3-4, deciduous
or persistent. Ovary inferior ; style short or none ; stigma thick,
cushion-shaped. Berry crowned by the petals or not. Seed albu-
minous ; embryos 1-3, terete.
Green leafy or, at first sight, leafless shrubs, parasitic on other plants. Branches
usually much forked, jointed immediately above the nodes; interaodes often
compressed, angled or not; leaves opposite, well developed or represented by
small scales ; inflorescences axillary, or axillary and terminal, consisting of solitary
or fascicled flowers or cymules ; cymules peduncled or sessile, 3-9-flowered, with
the flowers in one plane; flowers small, inconspicuous, green, yellow or white ;
berries red, orange, yellow or white.
Each axillary branch, of whatever order, has a pair of small scale-leaves at its
very base. The scale-leaves, which are placed transversely with respect to the
subtending leaf, are also found at the base of each axillary inflorescence. Each
cymule and, as a rule, each solitary flower is subtended at its base by a peduncled
or sessile pair of bracts (bracteal cup).
Disrrie. Species about 60, all Old World, mostly natives of warm regions.
122 LORANTHACE (Sprague). | Viscum.
Section 1. PLoronrx1a,—Leaves not scale-like.
Berry warted :
Bracteal cup sessile ; berry sessile :
Petals of the female flower deltoid-ovate or ovate,
shorter than the receptacle ; receptacle warted ;
style and stigma 1-4 lin. long ... cn .. (1) obovatum,
Petals of the female flower lanceolate - oblong,
equalling the receptacle; receptacle not dis-
tinctly warted ; style and stigma lin. long ... (2) pulchellum,
Bracteal cup peduncled ; berry pedicelled .... ... (3) subserratum.
Berry smooth : :
Petals persistent in fruit ae Bo wale ... (4) nervosum.
Petals deciduous :
Berries pedicelled :
Flowers dicecious; female flowers solitary in their
bracteal cups ; leaves obovate a ... (5) obscurum.
Flowers moncecious ; bracteal cups 3-flowered ;
leaves usually not obovate :
Leaves very thick ; nerves not visible .., ... (6) pauciflorum.
Leaves thinner ; nerves more or less visible :
Leaves 3-14 in. long ... oe Ee ... (7) Eucleex.
Leaves 4-3 in. long:
Leaves broadly ovate or isha
rounded at the base... “Ha . (8) rotundifolium.
Leaves ovate-oblong, elliptic - oblong or
oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or acute at
the base ... iis ae aus ... (9) tricostatum.
Berries sessile ... a Es Le ... (11) Crassule.
Insufficiently known species of this ¢ section ibe ... (10) Scheferi.
Section 2. Asprprxta,—Leaves scale-like.
Stem bushy, much-branched :
Internodes conspicuously flattened :
Internodes 4-23 lin. long; berry sessile... . (12) combreticola.
Internodes }-1 in. long ; berry edticsted in
V. anceps, not known in V. Junodii:
Male flowers 3 together in each bracteal cup... (13) anceps.
Male flowers solitary Ane a ... (14) Junodii.
Internodes not conspicuously flattened :
Berries smooth :
Berries sessile :
Branchlets slender, 8-2 lin, in diam. in a dried
state ; scale- ‘leaves very prominent ; branches
nodose bites da one .. (15) capense.
Branchlets stout, J-1 lin, in diam, in a dried
state ; ecale-leaves not “ orc onsanite
branches not nodose ss ses . (16) robustum.
Berries pedicelled .., ae a Ses ... (17) continuum.
Berries warted:
Lobes of bracteal cup rounded... co ... (18) verrucosum.
Lobes of bracteal cup acute svi devs 5. ant, GAO) AQ.
Stem minute, consisting of a single internode ... —... (20) minimum.
1. V. obovatum (Harv. in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. ii. 579);
Viseum. | LORANTHACE (Sprague). 123
branches and branchlets terete, I-1} lin. in diam. 6 in. below the
apex ; branchlets up to 44 in. long; internodes 4—9 lin, long, the
youngest minutely papillate ; leaves distinctly petioled, broadly
obovate, rounded at the apex, subcuneate into the base, $-1 in.
long, 5-9 lin. broad, coriaceous, glabrous, obscurely 3-nerved, dull ;
petiole }—1 lin. long; bracteai cups axillary, sessile, usually three
together, the central one of which develops first, bearing 2-3-
flowered cymules, with the flowers all malé or of both sexes, or
single female flowers; bracteal cups of the male cymules boat-
shaped, 1-1} lin. long, nearly } lin. high, coarsely glandular-ciliate
on the inner margin, those bearing solitary female flowers shorter,
distinctly bilabiate ; male cymules 3-flowered ; flowers quadrangular,
very broadly fusiform ; petals deltoid-ovate, hardly $ lin. long, not
distinctly demarcated from the receptacle ; anthers 2-4, elliptic or
ovate-oblong, }—3 lin. long, 2 lin. broad ; male flowers of the mixed
cymules having the external appearance of female flowers, the petals
being distinct from the receptacle; female flowers: receptacle
campanulate, 3 lin. long, warted ; petals deltoid-ovate or ovate, }—3
lin. long, or less; style and stigma together 1} lin. long; berry
yellow, ellipsoid, 2 lin. long, strongly warted.
Coast Reaion: Bathurst Div. ; near Barville Park, Burchell, 4113 !
Eastern Recron : Natal ; near Durban, Gerrard & McKen, 659! Wood, 1631!
and without precise locality, Sanderson !
Burchell’s specimen has somewhat smaller leaves than typical V. obovatum
(4-7 lin. long, 3-6 lin. broad), the receptacle of the female flower is strongly
warted, the petals ovate-oblong, and the style and stigma are a little longer
(7~+4 lin. long).
The inflorescence of V. obovatum should be studied in the field. There are
often three bracteal cups in an axil, the central one bearing three male flowers, the
lateral ones a single female flower each. Bracteal cups oceur, however, in which
there are flowers of both sexes ; and the male flowers in these cups are hardly
distinguishable externally from the female, possessing a similar receptacle and
distinct petals. One female flower examined had an anther on one of the petals.
2. V. pulchellum (Sprague) ; branches subterete, slender, under
1 lin. in diam. 6 in. below the apex; branchlets very slender,
3-24 in. long, subangular, minutely papillate ; internodes of the
branchlets 21-6 lin. long; leaves distinctly petioled, broadly
obovate, rounded or obtuse at the apex, subcuneate into the base,
3-6 lin. long, 2-4 lin. broad, coriaceous, glabrous, obscurely
3-nerved, slightly glossy ; petiole }—1 lin. long ; female inflorescence :
bracteal cups axillary, sessile, solitary or geminate, bearing solitary
female flowers, distinctly bilabiate, lips diverging at a right angle
or less, }—§ lin. long, 1—} lin. high in the middle, coarsely glandular-
ciliate on the inner margin ; receptacle narrowly campanulate, not
distinctly warted, 2 lin. long, 3-7, lin. in diam. ; petals lanceolate-
oblong, subacute, 2 lin. long; style and stigma § lin. long; berry
ellipsoid, 2 lin. long, finely warted.
Eastern Recion : Natal ; Tugela River, Gerrard, 1649!
Gerrard, 1649, in Herb. Trin. Coll. Dublin, includes one female and two male
specimens. The latter have not been described, as they are from different
localities, and are possibly not conspecific with the female specimen.
124 LORANTHACE (Sprague). | Viscum.
3. V. subserratum (Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1896, 504) ; glabrous;
branches subterete, fairly stout, about 1} lin. in diam. 6 in. below
the apex ; branchlets up to 4 in. long ; internodes of the branchlets
4-lin. long, compressed, tapering downwards, strongly 6-ribbed,
the two ribs below the leaves wing-like ; leaves distinctly petioled,
obovate or obovate-oblong, rounded or very obtuse at the apex,
subcuneate into the base, 3-1} in. long, 34-9} Jin. broad, minutely
serrulate in a dried state, thickly coriaceous, dull, 3-nerved, nerves
prominent on the upper surface, less evident on the lower ; petiole
3—? lin. long ; flowers apparently dicecious ; male cymules axillary,
solitary or ternate, peduncled, 3-flowered ; peduncle nearly } lin.
long ; bracteal cup boat-shaped, hardly 1} lin. long; male flowers
quadrangular, fusiform, 14 lin. long; petals deltoid, } lin. long, not
distinctly demarcated from the receptacle; anthers oblong, ? lin.
long, 1-3 lin. broad; female inflorescence: bracteal cups axillary,
solitary or geminate, peduncled, 1-flowered, strongly bilabiate, lips
diverging at nearly a right angle, } lin. high, minutely glandular-
ciliate; peduncle 1—2 lin. long; flowers pedicelled ; receptacle and
pedicel together subcylindric, slightly tapering downwards, { lin.
long; receptacle warted; petals lanceolate-oblong, ~ lin. long;
style and stigma together % lin. long; stigma capitate; berry
ovoid, truncate, coarsely and densely warted, 2 lin. long excluding
the pedicel ; pedicel stont, broadened into the base of the berry,
{ lin. long. V. galpinianum, Schinz in Vierteljahrsschr. Nat. Ges.
Ziirich, xlix. 179.
Katanart Recion: Transvaal; Barberton, on Cussonia sp., Galpin, 452:
Shilovane, Junod, 2246 ! ‘
Eastern Recion: Natal; Tugela River, Gerrard & McKen, 1654! and without
precise locality, Gerrard, 1650!
V. subserratum is probably dicecious : Galpin, 452, and Junod, 2246, bear berries
only ; and Gerrard, 1650, is represented in the Kew Herbarium by two specimens,
one bearing male inflorescences exclusively, the other female flowers and berries.
4.V. nervosum (Hochst. ex A. Rich. Tent. FI. Abyss. i. 338);
main stem terete; branches angular; branchlets compressed,
6-ribbed ; internodes about 2 lin. broad towards the apex, slightly
tapering downwards; leaves shortly petioled, elliptic or ovate-
elliptic, obtuse or rounded at the apex, more rarely subacute or
acute, especially in a young state, cuneate into the base, }—1# in.
long, 3-1} in. broad, coriaceous, glabrous, distinctly 3—5-nerved,
finely reticulate, dull ; nerves more or less raised, especially on the
upper surface ; petiole }-1 lin. long; cymules axillary, solitary ov
one on each side of an axillary branch, peduncled, 3-flowered ;
flowers monecious, tetramerous, either all of the same sex or male
and female together in the same cymule; peduncles 4-1} lin. long,
those of the male or mixed cymules rather shorter than those of the
female ; bracteal cup boat-shaped, 3-1 lin. long, }-} lin. broad,
minutely ciliate ; male flower ellipsoid or obovoid in bud, 3-1 lin.
long, solid base j—1 lin. Jong; receptacular tube }—} lin. long ;
petals deltoid-ovate or ovate, } lin. long, y7,—} lin. broad at the base ;
Viseum. | LORANTHACE (Sprague). 125
anthers inserted about the base of the petals, obtusely trigonous,
elliptic or suborbicular in outline, } lin. long, 2-,7, lin. broad ;
female flower: receptacle subclavate, 3 lin. long, 2 lin. in diam.,
rapidly becoming ellipsoid-oblong and then ellipsoid after pollina-
tion ; petals slightly patulous, oblong-ovate, about 2 lin. long,
3 lin. broad ; style and stigma together } lin. long; berry ellipsoid
or ovoid, 2 lin. long, smooth, crowned by the persistent petals.
Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 198 ; Engl. Jahrb. xx. 131 ; PA. Ost-
Afr. C. 167; Schweinf. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. ix. App. ii. 152; Van
Tiegh. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xliii. 190; Sprague in Dyer, Fl.
Trop. Afr. vi. i. 397. V. murchisonianum, Schweinf. e« Baker in
Journ. Bot. 1882, 245, in obs., name only.
Eastern Recion: Pondoland; Port St. John, Galpin, 2886! Natal; Tugela
River, Gerrard, 1651! Enyangweni, Gerrard & McKen. 1865! Ungoya Forest,
Wood, 3864! Great Noodsberg, Wood, 4145! Umlaas, Weale! Alexandra District,
Dumisa, on Rapanea sp., Rudatis, 1044! Delagoa Bay, Mrs. Monteiro!
Also in Tropical Africa, extending northwards to Eritrea.
5. V. obscurum (Thunb. Prodr. 31); glabrous ; stem and older
branches terete, younger branches and branchlets hexagonal ; inter-
nodes 3-21 in. Jong, the uppermost slightly compressed: leaves
distinctly petioled, oblanceolate, narrowly or broadly obovate,
rounded at the apex, cuneate into the base, }—1} in. long, }-? in.
broad, coriaceous, dull, 3-nerved, nerves more distinct on the upper
surface, sometimes not visible; petiole }—-3 lin. long ; bracteal cups
terminal and axillary, solitary or ternate, subsessile; flowers
dicecious ; male inflorescence: bracteal cup boat-shaped, 12 lin.
long, }—§ lin, high ; flowers obovoid, quadrangular ; petals deltoid,
3 lin. long, }-3 lin. broad at the base ; anthers elliptic-oblong, }—]
lin. long, 3-3 lin. broad ; female inflorescence : bracteal cup con-
spicuously bilabiate, } lin. long, 3 lin. high, } lin. high in the
middle, lips diverging from each other at less than a right angle,
with erect dorsal margins; flowers solitary, pedicelled ; pedicel
11 lin. long; receptacle 7 lin. long; petals erect, slightly patulous
above, ovate-oblong, obtuse, hardly } lin. long; style and stigma
together 2 lin. long; berry long-pedicelled, ellipsoid, 2} lin. long,
smooth, yellowish-white or white ; pedicel 2~3 lin. long. 7. Cap. ed.
Schult. 154 ; DC. Prodr. iv. 285; Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 129 ;
Harv. in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. ii. 579 ; Engl. in Engl. Jahrb. xx.
131; Bolus d& Wolley-Dod in Tians. 8. Afr. Phil. Soc. xiv. 316.
V. pauciflorum, Drége, Zwei Pf. Documente, 229, not of Thunb.
V. rotundifolium, Eckl. & Zeyh. Enum. 357, not of Linn. f. V. brevi-
folium, Engl. in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 131. V. bivalve, Engl. in Engl. &
Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. | zu ii-iv. 140. Aspidixia bivalvis,
Van Tiegh. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xliii. 192.
Coast Recion: Cape Div. : Tokay Plantation, on Olea sp., Bolus & Wolley-D od ;
Swellendam Div. ; Grootvaders Bosch and Duyvels Boseh, Ecklon & Zeyher, 2273!
Mund! George Div: Kaymans Gat, Drége! Uitenhage Div.; Zwartkops
River, Drége! Ecklon & Zeyher, 2272! 2700! near the Zwartkops and Sundays
126 LORANTHACE (Sprague). [ Visewm.
Rivers, on Rhus sp. and Celastrus sp., Zeyher, 244! near Uitenhage, Burchell,
4414! Cooper, 1576! near Enon, Baur, 106! Albany Div. : Ecklon & Zeyher,
2272! Williamson! Grahamstown, on Salix sp., MacOwan, 453! Howisons
Poort, Hutton! Stockenstrom Diy. ; Chumi Berg, Ecklon & Zeyher, 2273! Kat
River, unknown collector! Cathcart Div. ; Goshen, on Saliz sp., Baur, 933 ! East
London Div. ; in scrub on sea-coast at East London, Galpin, 1860!
CENTRAL Recton: Somerset Div.; near Somerset East, by the Little Fish
River, on Rhus sp., MacOwan, 453 ! 543 ! Bosch Berg, near Somerset East, Burchell,
$211!
Eastern Region: Natal, Gerrard, 1654 !
6. V. pauciflorum (Linn. f. Suppl. 426); glabrous; branching
mainly dichasial ; stem and older branches terete, younger branches
and branchlets hexagonal ; internodes }—1} in. long, the uppermost
slightly compressed ; leaves subsessile or shortly petioled, elliptic,
elliptic-oblong or obovate, apiculate, obtuse or rounded at the apex,
obtuse at the base, 4—9 lin. long, 3—5 lin. broad, thickly coriaceous,
dull, 3-nerved, nerves just visible in the very young leaves, not
visible in the older ones ; petiole up to 4 lin. long; bracteal cups
terminal and axillary, solitary or 2~3 together, peduncled, boat-
shaped, distinctly bilabiate, 3-flowered; peduncle }—2 lin. long;
bracts ascending, triangular-ovate, acute, 2-3 lin. long; flowers
monecious, the central one male, the two lateral female ; male
flowers examined abnormal, with a solid receptacle, and the anthers
fused into a central mass occupying the position of the stigma in a
female flower ; female flowers : receptacle and pedicel together nearly
2 lin. long; petals ovate-oblong, } lin. long ; stigma sessile, } lin.
long ; berry pedicelled, oblong (Harvey), smooth, yellowish-white ;
pedicel shorter than the berry (Harvey). Thunb. Fl. Cap. ed. Schult.
154; DC. Prodr. iv. 285; Eckl. & Zeyh. Enum. 357 ; Harv. in Harv.
& Sond. Fl. Cap. ii. 579, excluding var. Euclex.
Coast Recion: Van Rhynsdorp Div.; Heerenlogement, on Rhus Thunbergit,
Hook., Zeyher, 750! Tulbagh Div. ; near Tulbagh, Ecklon & Zeyher, 2274! Paarl
Div. ; Paarl Mountain, Drége !
CentraL Recion: Calvinia Div. ; Onder Bokkeveld, Ecklon & Zeyher | 2274!
WesterRN Recton: Little Namaqualand; Granite knoll, Brakdam, Pearson,
5656! Sneeuwkop, Pearson, 5851!
V. pauciflorum is closely allied to V. retundifolium, Linn. f., and V, tricostatum,
E. Meyer : it differs from both in the denser, usually markedly dichasial branching,
and the larger thick nerveless leaves. The material available for examination was
rather poor.
Rehmann, 2466, from mountains above Worcester, has been referred to
V. Sm but the branching is mainly racemose and the leaves are distinctly
nerved:
Burchell, 1022, from near Tulbagh, also differs in the branching, and is said to
have orange-coloured berries.
7. V. Buclee (Eckl. & Zeyh. Enum. 357); glabrous ; branching
mainly racemose; stem and older branches subterete, younger
branches and branchlets hexagonal ; internodes 4-1} in. long, the
uppermost slightly compressed ; leaves subsessile or shortly petioled,
elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acute at the apex or apiculate, obtuse at
the base, 3-1} in. long, 4~7 lin. broad, distinctly 3-nerved ; petiole
up to} lin. long; bracteal cups terminal and axillary, solitary of
~
Viscum.| LORANTHACE (Sprague). 127
ternate, peduncled, boat-shaped, 3-flowered ; peduncle 3—} lin. long ;
flowers pedicelled (Hcklon d& Zeyher); berry pedicelled, globose,
smooth, 2-2} lin. in diam. ; pedicel 1-1} lin. long. V. pauciflorum,
var, Euclee, Harv. in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. ii. 580.
Coast Recton: Malmesbury Div.; near Driefontein, in Groene Kloof, Ecklon
& Zeyher, 2275! Cape Div. ; Hout Bay, on Luclea racemosa, Murr., MacOwan,
Herb. Austr.-Afr., 1647! Camps Bay, near Oude Kraal, Pappe !
Differs from V. pauciflorum, Linn. f., to which it was reduced by Harvey, in
the branching, the acute, distinctly nerved leaves, and the red berries. None of
the specimens examined bore flowers ; but judging from the arrangement of the
berries, each bracteal cup appears to bear a ceatral male and two lateral female
flowers.
8. V. rotundifolium (Linn. f. Suppl. 426) ; a small much-branched
shrub, glabrous or nearly glabrous in all its vegetative parts ; stem
terete, 2-2} lin. in diam. }~1 ft. below the apex of the branchlets ;
older branches 8- or 12-ribbed, younger branches and branchlets
hexagonal, the uppermost branchlets slightly compressed ; internodes
2-18 lin. long; leaves sessile or subsessile, broadly ovate (or more
rarely suborbicular), obtuse, acute or apiculate at the apex, rounded
at the base, 23-6 lin. long, 1}—4 lin. broad, thickly coriaceous,
obscurely 3-nerved, brown or blackish in a dried state, margin
cartilaginous ; cymules axillary, solitary or fascicled, 3-flowered,
usually composed of a central male and two lateral female tlowers,
more rarely of three female flowers; peduncle }—1} lin. long,
produced ;!,—} lin. or less beyond the bracteal cup; bracteal cup
distinctly lobed, 11-12 lin. long ; lobes ascending, ovate or ovate-
oblong, apiculate or subacute, %-? lin. long, glandular-ciliolate ;
flowers moncecious, tetramerous; male flowers: receptacle and
pedicel together obconical, } lin. long; pedicel about 3 lin. long ;
receptacular tube }-} lin. long; petals marked off from the
receptacle by a distinct groove on the outer surface, ovate or ovate-
deltoid, slightly unequal, }—% lin. long, 3-} lin. broad, the two
outer separated 1 lin. from each other at the apex ; anthers elliptic,
3-2 lin. long; female flowers: receptacle and pedicel together
1}-1 lin, long ; pedicel }— lin. long ; petals ovate or ovate-oblong,
acute, 1-3 lin. long ; stigma projecting }—} lin. above the insertion
of the petals; berry pedicelled, red, orange or yellow, ellipsoid,
23 lin. long; pedicel 3-1 lin. long. Thunb. Prodr. 31; Fl. Cap. ed.
Schult. 154; DC. Prodr. iv. 279; Harv. in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap.
ii. 580; Engl. in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 131; Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss.
iv. App. ili. 55; Van Tiegh. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xliii. 190 ;
Sprague in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 403, 1034. J. glaucum,
Eckl. & Zeyh. in 8. Afr. Journ. 1830, 375; Enum. 357. V. Zizyphi-
mucronati, Dinter, Deutsch-Stidw.-Afr. 56, partly.
Coast Reoron: Riversdale Div. ; Corente River Farm, Muir in Herb. Galpin,
5324! Mossel Bay Div. ; on dry hills on the eastern side of the Gouritz River,
Burchell, 6422! Uitenhage Div. ; Zwartkops River, on Salix sp., Ecklon & Zeyher,
2272! 2276! Zeyher, 624! 2701! Port Elizabeth Div. ; Port Elizabeth, Pappe !
Albany Div.; Ecklon & Zeyher, 2272! Williamson! Grahamstown, on Luclea
128 LORANTHACE& (Sprague). [ Visewm.
sp., MacOwan! 1067! Bolton! Howisons Poort, Hutton! Queenstown Dives
Finchams Nek, Galpin, 1820 !
CenTRAL ReGIon: Prince Albert Div. ; Gamka River, Burke ! Somerset Div. ;
between Zuurberg Range and Klein Bruintjes Hoogte, Drége! Graaff Reinet Div. ;
near Graaff Reinet, Burchell, 2935! Bolus, 73! Middelburg Div. ; near Middel-
burg, Burchell, 2808 !
WESTERN REGION: Little Namaqualand ; near the mouth of the Orange River,
Drége, 7651! Van Rhynsdorp Div. ; mountain 3 miles north-east of Stinkfontein,
Pearson, 5688 !
KataHart Recion: Transvaal; Magaliesberg, Sanderson! Lehlaba River,
Nelson, 557! Pretoria, Rehmann, 4709! Lydenburg, Wilms, 571!
EastErn Recion: Natal; Springvale, Sanderson! Tugela River, Gerrard,
1652! Mooi River, Wood, 4473! Weenen, Wood, 4473a! and without precise
locality, Gerrard, 1432!
Also in Tropical Africa.
9. V. tricostatum (E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pf. Documente, 94,
229, name only) ; a globose much-branched shrub, glabrous in all its
vegetative parts ; stem terete, about 2} lin. in diam. 16 in. below
the apex of the branchlets ; older branches 8- or 12-ribbed, younger
branches and branchlets hexagonal, the uppermost internodes
slightly compressed ; internodes 4-16 lin. long ; leaves subsessile,
spreading, ovate-oblong, elliptic-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, very
acute or apiculate at the apex, obtuse or acute at the base, 4-74 lin.
long, 14-3} lin. broad, coriaceous, 3-nerved, green or brownish in a
dried state, margin cartilaginous ; cymules terminal and axillary,
solitary or fascicled, 3-flowered, usually composed of a central male
and two lateral female flowers, more rarely of three female flowers ;
peduncle 1~2 lin. long, produced } lin. or less beyond the
bracteal cup; bracteal cup distinctly lobed, 7-1} lin. long ; lobes
ascending, ovate or ovate-oblong, acute or subacute, }—2 lin. long,
minutely glandular-ciliolate ; flowers moncecious, tetramerous ; male
flower: receptacle and pedicel together obconical, % lin. long ;
pedicel about % lin. long ; receptacular tube about } lin. long ; petals
marked off from the receptacle by a distinct groove on the outer
surface, subequal, ovate, obtuse, about 4 lin. long, } lin. broad ;
anthers elliptic, }—} lin. long ; female flower: receptacle and pedicel
together about 1} lin. long; pedicel about } lin. long; petals
shortly ovate-oblong, obtuse or rounded, 2—,7, lin. long, 4—3 lin.
broad ; stigma projecting }—! lin, above the insertion of the petals ;
berry pedicelled, orange-red (Dinter), ellipsoid, 13-2 lin. long ;
pedicel | lin. Jong. Harv. in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. ii. 580; Engl.
in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 131; Van Tiegh. in Bull. Soe. Bot. France, xliii.
190 ; Sprague in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 403, 1034. V. thymi-
folium, Presl, Epim. Bot. 251. V. Zizyphi-mucronati, Dinter,
Deutsch-Siidw-Afr. 56, partly.
CeytraL Recion: Hopetown Div. ; Wyley, 19!
WEsTERN Recion: Little Namaqualand ; near the mouth of the Orange River,
Drége! aud without precise locality, Wyley, 71 !
Katanart Rroion: Orange River Colony ; by the Orange River, on Salix sp.,
Burke, 387! Zeyher, 387 | 747!
Also in Tropical Africa.
OF Ee eet tee ee ee 4 tarsi 5%: 9
Viseum. | LORANTHACE (Sprague), 129
V. tricostatum is very closely allied to V. rotundifolium, Linn. f., and might be
treated as a variety of it. The type specimens of V. tricostatum have ovate-oblong
leaves, 2-34 lin. broad. Burke, 387, and Zeyher, 387 and 747, have oblong-
lanceolate leaves, 1-2 lin. broad, but do not seem to differ in other respects.
10. V. Scheferi (Engl. & Krause in Engl. Jahrb. li. 470);
glabrous, yellowish-green in a dried state; branches subterete,
suleate, rather stout ; young branchlets slightly compressed ; inter-
nodes 6-10 lin. long; leaves subsessile, soon deciduous, narrowly
ovate-lanceolate or (more rarely) obovate-lanceolate, acute at the
apex, rather gradually narrowed towards the base, 6-8 lin. long,
1{-1}? lin. broad, thickly coriaceous, nerves hardly raised; male
inflorescence not known; female inflorescence: bracteal cups
axillary, solitary or several together, peduncled, usually 3-flowered ;
bracts narrowly ovate, acute, }-3 lin. long; peduncle stout, 14-21
lin. long ; petals subovate, acute, 14-1} lin. long, connate at the
base; style subcylindric, hardly 4 lin. long; stigma slightly
thickened ; berries ovoid, 2-2} lin. long, 1-1} lin. in diam.,
yellowish, smooth, or slightly warted in a dried state.
WESTERN REGION: Great Namaqualand ; on the Fish River near Seeheim,
Schifer, 465 ; near Seeheim, on Mexrua Schinzii, Pax, Engler, 6601.
Engler and Krause do not state whether the female flowers and berries of
V. Schexferi are pedicelled or sessile. The leaves apparently resemble those of the
narrow-leaved form of V. tricostatum, but the relatively long peduncle and large
petals distinguish it from that species.
ll. V. Crassule (Eckl. & Zeyh. Enum. 357); yellowish-green in
« dried state, young branchlets minutely papillate, otherwise
glabrous ; branches terete, rather stout, 24 lin. in diam. 6 in. below
the apex, succulent, much wrinkled in a dried state; branchlets
slightly compressed ; internodes }—1 in. long; leaves subsessile,
obovate or suborbicular, rounded at the apex, obtuse at the base,
3-5 lin. long, 24-34 lin. broad, very thick and fleshy, nerves not
visible ; flowers apparently dicecious ; male inflorescence : bracteal
cups axillary, solitary or ternate, broadly boat-shaped with rounded
ends, 1} lin. long, 3 lin. deep, glandular-ciliate inside the margin,
3-flowered ; flower obovoid, quadrangular; petals deltoid, } lin.
long, not distinctly demarcated from the receptacle ; female inflor-
escence: bracteal cups terminal and axillary, solitary, boat-shaped
with obtuse or rounded ends, 1-flowered, at the time of fruiting
2 lin. long, 3-3 lin. high ; berry sessile, ovoid, 3 lin. long, smooth,
red; style and stigma together § lin. long, partially sunk in an
apical depression of the berry about } lin. deep. Harv. in Harv. &
Sond. Fl. Cap. ii. 580; Engl. in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 131. V. Euphor-
bie, E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pf. Documente, 61, 229.
Coast Region: Albany Div. ; Bothas Berg, near the Great Fish River, on
arborescent Crassulacer, Ecklon & Zeyher, 2277! Great Fish River, near Cookhuis
Drift, on Portulacaria afra, Jacq., MacOwan, 2101! :
CenTRAL Recion : Jansenville Div. ; Sundays River, on Euphorbia sp., Drége!
FL. C.— VOL. V.—SECT. II. K
130 LORANTHACE (Sprague). | Visewm.
According to MacOwan, ‘‘This rare Visewm grows plentifully between
Cookhouse Drift on Fisch River and Patrys Hoogte, but invariably on Vortulacaria
afra, Jacq., whose younger leaves it strikingly resembles. But for the scarlet
berries, few but botanists would detect it. The large arborescent Crassula
portulacea, Lam., is abundant in the same locality, but though I have examined
hundreds of trees, the Visewm has never occurred upon any. Some sharp-eyed
Boers say it grows on the Groot Noors-doorn (Zuphorbia tetragona), but this may
be a remembrance of the large scarlet berry of Viseum minimum, Harv., on another
species of Luphorbia.”
12. V. combreticola (Engl. in Engl. Jahrb. x]. 542, V. combreti-
colum) ; a much-branched shrub, 1-14 ft. high ; stem terete, 34-4
lin. in diam. at the base, brown and slightly glossy in a dried state ;
branches and branchlets conspicuously flattened, ribbed in a dried
state ; internodes broadly linear, tape-like, broadest in their upper
part, slightly contracted at the apex, slightly tapering into the
base, 3-23 in. long, 14-3} lin. broad, those of the main branches
much thickened along the middle; leaves scale-like, inconspicuous ;
flowers dicecious, tetramerous; male inflorescences axillary, com-
posed of 1-5 3-flowered cymules, each of which is borne by @
bracteal cup; bracteal cup subtended by a pair of scale-leaves at
the base, sessile, boat-shaped, 13 lin. long; lobes ascending, rounded
or obtuse, 1 lin. long, glandular-ciliolate ; pedicel (solid base of
flower) hardly } lin. long; receptacular tube 2 lin. long; petals
alternately deltoid and deltoid-ovate, ? lin. long, about } Jin.
broad ; anthers trigonous with a convex outer surface, elliptic in
outline, 3-} lin. long, nearly } lin. broad; female inflorescences
axillary, composed of 1 or 3 flowers, each of which is borne by @
bracteal cup ; bracteal cup conspicuously 2-lobed, 1 lin. high ; lobes
5 lin. long, rounded, glandular-ciliolate, exceeding the receptacle at
the time of expansion of the flower ; receptacle shortly and broadly
obovoid, § lin. long ; petals triangular, over } lin. long, %,—$ lin.
broad, deciduous ; style broadly conical, } lin. long ; stigma project-
ing } lin. above the insertion of the petals ; berry ellipsoid, 2} lin.
long, red, smooth or slightly warted. Sprague in Dyer, Fl. Trop.
Afr. vi. i. 404. V. dichotomum, Harv. in Harv. & Sond, Fl. Cap.
ii. 581, as to the Magaliesberg specimens, excluding synonyms ; De
be Pl. Nov. Herb. Hort. Then. t. 89, excluding synonyms ; not of
. Don.
Katanart Recion: Transvaal ; Magaliesberg Range, Sanderson! Burke, 125!
Zeyher, 748! Worsdell! Buffelspoort, very common on Combretum spp., Engler,
2840a! near Potgieters Rust, Bolus, 11009! Badsloop, Schlechter, 4287 | Rusten-
burg District, Miss Nation, 320!
Also in Tropical Africa.
13. V. anceps (E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 148, 149,
229, name only) ; branches and branchlets conspicuously flattened,
ribbed in a dried state ; internodes oblanceolate-oblong or oblanceo-
latelinear, tape-like, broadest in their upper part, slightly oF
conspicuously contracted at the apex, tapering into the base, 4—1 in.
Viscum. | LORANTHACE (Sprague). 131
long, 1-3 lin. broad, those of the main branches thickened along
the middle; leaves scale-like, inconspicuous ; flowers diccious,
tetramerous ; male inflorescences axillary, composed of 1—3 3-flowered
cymules, each of which is borne by a bracteal cup ; bracteal cup
subtended by a pair of scale-leaves at the base, sessile, boat-shaped,
1 lin. long; lobes spreading, rounded, with scarious margins ;
flower 1} lin. long ; solid base } lin. long ; receptacular tube % lin.
long; petals alternately deltoid and deltoid-ovate, } lin. long ;
anthers trigonous, elliptic-oblong in outline, }—? lin. long, ? lin. broad
or less; female flowers axillary, solitary, each borne by a bracteal
cup ; bracteal cup conspicuously bilobed, 2 lin. high, 2 lin. long ; lobes
¢ lin. long, rounded, with scarious margins, falling 3 lin. short of the
apex of the receptacle ; pedicel not clearly differentiated from the
receptacle in the flower ; receptacle and pedicel together subcylindric,
narrowed to the base in the lower third, { lin. long, nearly $ lin. in
diam. ; petals ovate-oblong, } lin. long, deciduous ; style broadly
conical, } lin. long ; stigma projecting } lin. above the insertion of
the petals; berry shortly pedicelled, ellipsoid, 2 lin. long, more or
less warted ; pedicel } lin. long. Sprague in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr.
vi. i. 407, in obs. V.dichotomum, Harv. in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. ii.
581, partly, not of D. Don.
Coast Recion : Komgha Div. ; Kei Kop, on Acacia horrida, Willd., Flanagan,
197!
Eastern Recion: Transkei; Kentani, Miss Pegler, 1505! Fort Bowker,
Bowker, 554! Tembuland ; Morley, Drége! Pondoland ; between Umtata River
and St. Johns River, Drége! Egossa, Sim; 2489! Natal; Alexandra District,
Dumisa, on Combretum sp., Rudatis, 1066! Tugela River, Gerrard, 1647!
Zululand ; Entumeni, on Clausena inaequalis, Benth., Wood, 3973!
Viscum dichotomum, Harv. (l.c.), included two dioecious African species,
V. anceps, E. Meyer, and V. combreticola, Engl. V. dichotomum, D. Don, isa
moneecious species, native of India, Malaya, Indo-China and China; each
bracteal cup bears either a solitary female flower or a 3-tlowered cymule, of which
the central flower is female and the two lateral male.
14. V. Junodii (Engl. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Ni achtr. ie
zu ii.—iv. 140, V. Jussodii) ; very closely allied to the preceding species,
from which it differs in the following characters : internodes oblan-
ceolate-oblong or obovate-oblong, 24-6 lin. long, }-1} lin. broad ; male
flowers axillary, solitary, with or without a bracteal cup ; bracteal
cup broadly trough-shaped, } lin. high, 3 lin. long, hardly } lin.
broad ; flower 13 lin. long; solid base } lin. long ; receptacular
tube } lin. long; petals ovate, 2 lin. long ; female inflorescence and
berries not known. Aspidixia Junodi, Van Tiegh. in Bull. Soc. Bot.
France, xliii. 193.
Easrern Recion: Delagoa Bay, Junod, 452!
Possibly a mere form of V. anceps, E. Meyer. The internodes seem a little
shorter and the male flowers rather larger, with different proportions. Only a
fragment of the type number was available for examination. The sole specific
character given by Van Tieghem was the flattened stem, which it has in common
with V. anceps. Van Tieghem erroneously placed V. anceps in a group of species
characterised by moncecious flowers (I.c.). ee
132 LORANTHACES (Sprague). | Visewm.
15. V. capense (Linn. f. Suppl. 426); a densely branched shrub ;
stem terete, about 24 lin. in diam. near the base ; branches and
branchlets conspicuously nodose ; branches very numerous, spreading,
longitudinally wrinkled in a dried state ; branchlets obtusely
tetragonal, 2-3 lin. in diam. ; internodes 2-8 lin. long, the upper-
most slightly compressed ; leaves scale-like, connate, spreading, at
length becoming more or less deflexed, deltoid, acute or apiculate,
4-3 lin. long; lateral scale-leaves broadly subulate, }—{ lin. long ;
flowers dicecious, tetramerous ; male inflorescence consisting of 1 or
3 flowers, each of which is borne by a bracteal cup ; bracteal cup
very shortly peduncled, deeply 2-lobed ; lobes diverging at rather
less than a right angle, broadly boat-shaped, acuminate or apiculate,
3-2 lin. long, 77,-} lin. broad, minutely ciliate ; peduncle about
i lin. long; petals broadly ovate, } lin. long, 3 lin. broad ; female
inflorescence consisting of 1-3 flowers, each of which is borne by a
bracteal cup ; bracteal cup transverse, very deeply 2-lobed, shortly
and broadly boat-shaped, 2 lin. long, ,’, lin. broad, } lin. deep ; lobes
diverging at less than a right angle, minutely ciliolate, equalling
the receptacle at the time of expansion of the flower ; receptacle
shortly subcylindric, slightly compressed, rounded at the base, lin-
long, 3 lin. broad at the apex ; petals narrowly triangular, } lin.
long, 2 lin. broad at the base; style broadly conical, }—} lin. long ;
stigma projecting 2 lin. above the insertion of the petals; berry
sessile, subglobose, about 1} lin. in diam., smooth, white. Thunb.
Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 154; DC. Prodr. iv. 283; Harv. in Harv. &
Sond. Fl. Cap. ii. 581, partly ; Engl. in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 131, and xx.
131; Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. App. iii. 55 ; Bolus d Wolley-
Dod in Trans. S. Afr. Phil. Soc. xiv. 316; Sprague in Dyer, Fl.
Trop. Afr. vi. i. 409; Marloth, Fl. S. Afr. 168, t. 38, fig. C-
V. sp., Drege, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 112. Aspidixia capensis, Van
Tiegh. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xliii. 193.
Coast Recion: Piquetberg Div.; Elands Berg, Wallich! Worcester Div. 5
without precise locality, Ecklon & Zeyher, 2278! Paarl Div. ; near Paarl,
Burchell, 954! Cape Div. ; Hout Bay, Harvey, 196! Simons Bay, Wright, 5901
between Paarden Island, Blauw Berg and Tyger Berg, Drége, 7653a! Cape Flats,
on Rhus lucida, Linn., Pappe! Burchell, 8521! Burke! Steen Berg, Wolley-Dod,
807 ! Swellendam Div. ; without precise locality, Hcklon d&: Zeyher, 2278 ! Uniondate
Div. ; mountain sides near the west bank of Wagenbooms River, Burchell, 4925!
Uitenhage Div. ; near the mouth of the Zwartkops River, Zeyher, 658! 749! and
without precise locality, Cooper, 1508! Ecklon & Zeyher, 2273! Queenstuwn Div. 3
Finchams Nek, Galpin, 1821! :
CenTraL Recon: Ceres Div. ; between Little and Great Doorn Rivers,
Burchell, 1207! Laingsburg Div.; Witteberg Range, near Matjesfontein,
Rehmann, 2898! Middelburg Div. ; near Middelburg, Burchell, 2808/2! :
Western Recron: Van Rhynsdorp Div. ; between Nieuwerust and Bitter-
fontein, Pearson, 5546 !
KaLaHart Recion : Griqualand West Div. ; near Griquatown, Marloth.
Also in Tropical Africa.
Zeyher, 749, is represented in the Cape Government Herbarium by a mixture
of V. capense and V. continuum. According to Zeyher’s labels, part of the
material was gathered near the mouth of the Zwartkops River and part by the
Gamka River. As V. capense is known from the former locality (Zeyher, 658)
Visewm. | LORANTHACE (Sprague). 133
and V. continuum from the latter (Burke), it is more probable that the specimens
and labels of Zeyher, 749, have been mixed, than that the two species occur
together in both localities.
16. V. robustum (Eckl. & Zeyh. Enum. 358); whole plant
sulphur-yellow (Ecklon d Zeyher) ; branches and branchlets terete,
fleshy, rather stout ; branches not nodase ; branchlets 7-1 lin. in
diam, ; internodes 2-10 lin. long; leaves scale-like, connate,
spreading, at length becoming detlexed, deltoid, acute, 4-3 lin.
long ; lateral scale-leaves broadly subulate; flowers not known;
berry sessile, subglobose, about 1} lin. in diam., smooth. Harv. in
Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. ii. 581; Engl. in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 131.
Aspidixia robusta, Van Tiegh. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xiii. 193.
WesteRN Ree@ion: Little Namaqualand ; T’Kausi (? Kousies or Buffels) River,
icklon & Zeyher, 2279 !
Also collected by Drége, 7653b! The locality given in Drége, Zwei Pf.
Documente, 112, for No. 7653, is in the Cape Division, and no doubt refers to
No. 7653a (Viscum capense). It is improbable that No. 7653b was collected in
the Cape Division.
V. robustum is undoubtedly a distinct species, and not a variety of V. capense,
Thunb., as suggested by Harvey.
17. V. continuum (E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 66,
229, name only); branches terete,nodose; branchlets subangular, very
slender, 2—} lin. in diam. in a dried state, longitudinally wrinkled ;
internodes 3-13 lin. long; leaves scale-like, connate, spreading, not
becoming deflexed, rounded, 3—} lin. long, margin scarious ; lateral
scale-leaves rounded, hardly } lin. long, connate posticously, margin
scarious ; flowers dicecious, tetramerous ; male inflorescences axillary,
consisting of 1-2 flowers without a bracteal cup, or of a 3-flowered
cymule borne by a bracteal cup, or of a 3-flowered cymule with a
single flower on each side of it ; bracteal cup subsessile, boat-shaped
with rounded ends, 1} lin. long ; peduncle } lin. long; flowers 1? lin.
long ; solid base 2 lin. long; receptacular tube $ lin. long ; petals ovate,
% lin. long ; anthers trigonous, obovate-oblong in outline, {-1 lin.
long, } lin. broad or less ; female flowers axillary, solitary, borne by
a bracteal cup ; bracteal cup about 1 lin. long, bilobed, 3 lin. long in
the middle ; lobes diverging at a right angle, nearly $ lin. long, with
scarious margins, falling } lin. short of the apex of the receptacle ;
receptacle and pedicel together { lin. long, subcylindric, narrower
towards the base ; petals } lin. long in the bud ; style broadly conical ;
stigma projecting } lin. above the insertion of the petals; berry
pedicelled, ovoid, 2 lin. long, smooth, yellow ; pedicel very stout,
1} lin. long. Sprague in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 410, in obs.
V. capense, Harv. in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. ii. 581, partly.
: Coast Rraion: Albany Div.; near Grahamstown, on Acacia sp., MacOwan,
(142!
CENTRAL ReGion: Prince Albert Div. ; between Driekoppie and Blood River,
Drége! Gamka River, Burke! Zeyher, 749! Somerset Div.; near Bruintjes
Hoogte, on Acacia sp., Burchell, 3106! 3107!
134 LORANTHACE& (Sprague). [ Visewm-
V. continuum, E, Meyer, was united by Harvey (1.c.) with V. capense, from
which it differs in the pedicelled berries, and the rounded lateral scale-leaves, which
are connate posticously. It is more closely allied to V. verrucosum, Harv., from
which it may be distinguished by the smooth berries.
18. V. verrucosum (Harv. in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. ii. 581); a
much-branched shrub; stem terete, about 23 lin. in diam. 14 ft.
below the apex of the branchlets ; branches subterete, longitudinally
wrinkled in a dried state; branchlets slightly compressed, about
& lin. broad near the apex ; internodes }—1} in. long ; leaves scale-
like, connate, spreading, rounded, 3—-} lin. long, margin scarious ;
lateral scale-leaves subdeltoid, obtuse or acute, {—} lin. long,
connate posticously, margin scarious, ciliate; flowers dicecious,
tetramerous ; male inflorescence consisting of 1—3 sessile flowers, or
of a 3-tlowered cymule; borne in a bracteal cup, or of a central
3-flowered cymule with 1-2 flowers on each side; bracteal cup
broadly trough-shaped, 12 lin. long, 2 lin. broad, 2 lin. high ;
lobes slightly ascending, rounded, nearly ? lin. long, margin
scarious ; solid base of flower 1—3 lin. long; receptacular tube
hardly ? lin. long; petals deltoid-ovate, 2-3 lin. long, 44-1 lin.
broad at the base; anthers trigonous, elliptic-oblong in outline,
8-1 lin. broad ; female inflorescence consisting of 1-3 flowers, with
or without bracteal cups; bracteal cup (when present) embracing
only the base of the receptacle; receptacle and pedicel together
% lin. long, obovoid; receptacle coarsely and densely warted ;
pedicel 4-2 lin. long; style tetragonal, 1-2 lin. long; stigma
projecting 4’; lin. above the insertion of the petals; berry con-
spicuously pedicelled, yellow, subglobose, 2} lin. in diam., coarsely
and densely warted; pedicel about 3 lin. long. Engl. in Engl.
gray i 131, and xxviii. 385; Sprague in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr.
vi. i. 408,
Katanart Recion: Transvaal; Magaliesberg, Sanderson! 165! Tropic of
Capricorn, Nelson, 556 ! :
Eastern Recton: Natal; Weenen, Mooi River Valley, Sutherland! Sinkwasl,
Wood, 732! Sinkwasi, on Acacia sp., Wood, 3851! 3999! Tugela River,
Gerrard, 1653!
Also in Tropical Africa.
19. V. rigidum (Engl. & Krause in Engl. Jahrb. li. 471);
branches and branchlets terete or with slightly compressed terminal
internodes, fairly stout, rigid, slightly striate longitudinally, hardly
thickened at the nodes; internodes 1-1 in. long; leaves minute,
scale-like ; flowers dicecious, tetramerous; male inflorescence not
known ; female inflorescence 1-flowered, or more rarely few-flowered ;
bracteal cup sessile, rather thickly coriaceous, bilobed, lobes broadly
ovate, acute, about 1 lin. long, concave, rigid ; petals connate at
the base, subovate, about 1 lin. long, rather thick, slightly exceeding
the bracts ; unripe berries ovoid, obtuse, 1 lin, long, finely warted.
WesteRy Recion: Great Namaqualand ; on the Us River, near Great Karas,
on Sericocoma shepperioides, Schinz, Engler, 6445.
Visewm. | LORANTHACE& (Sprague). 135
Engler and Krause state that V. rigidum is allied to V. Menyharthii, Engl. &
Schinz, a native of Portuguese East Africa and Rhodesia. They do not mention
whether the berry is sessile or pedicelled.
20. V. minimum (Harv. in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. ii. 581); a
minute plant ; stem consisting of a single internode about } lin.
long, bearing at its apex a whorl of 3, or 2 opposite scale-leaves, and
a single inflorescence or one terminal and 3 or 2 axillary inflores-
cences ; scale-leaves subdeltoid, 1 lin. long; lateral scales ovate,
acute, much thickened on the back, } lin. long; bracteal cup
peduncled, usually boat-shaped, 7—1 lin. long, 3-flowered, the terminal
one sometimes 3-lobed and 4-flowered ; female flower: pedicel } lin.
long ; receptacle } lin. long ; petals deltoid, 3-2 lin. long; berry
pedicelled, globose, 3 lin. in diam., smooth, red, crowned by the
persistent petals ; pedicel stout, thickened upwards, }-1 lin. long.
Engl. & Krause in Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. xxvi. A, 524; Marloth,
Fl. S. Afr. 168, t. 38, fig. B. Aspidixia minima, Van Tiegh. in Bull.
Soc. Bot. France, xliii. 192.
Coast Recron: Uitenhage Div.; near Port Elizabeth, on Euphorbia sp.,
Kemsley ! on Euphorbia polygona, Harv., Drége ; Albany Div. ; near Grahamstown,
on Euphorbia sp., MacOwan, 1229! and without precise locality, Mrs. Barber, 226 !
Harvey (l.c.) described the stem of V. minimum as consisting of a single
internode, and this has been confirmed in the two plants examined by the writer.
Engler and Krause (l.c.), on the other hand, state that the primary axis bears
2-3 closely crowded pairs of scale-leaves. As they do not mention the lateral
scales which occur at the base of the axillary peduncles, it seems possible that they
may have regarded them as belonging to the primary axis.
OrpEr CXX. SANTALACEZ.
(By A. W. Hitt.)
Flowers hermaphrodite or subdiccious, regular. Perianth simple,
green or corolline, sometimes fleshy, adnate to the base of the
ovary or the dise; segments usually 4-5, valvate, glabrous or
with a tuft of hairs on the face. Stamens as many as the perianth-
segments, inserted at or below their base, anthers dehiscing
longitudinally. Dise epigynous or perigynous. Ovary inferior,
1-celled ; ovules 2-3, pendulous from the apex of a free-central
placenta; style short or cylindrical ; stigma terminal, capitate or
2~3-lobed. Fruit indehiscent, dry or fleshy. Seed globose or
ovoid ; testa obsolete; albumen copious ; embryo central, oblique ;
cotyledons usually subterete ; radicle superior.
Herbs, shrubs or trees, often parasitic; leaves usually alternate, entire,
exstipulate ; inflorescence axillary or terminal ; flowers minute, usually greenish.
DistriB. Species about 400 spread through the temperate and tropical regions
of both hemispheres.
136 SANTALACEA (Hill).
Tribe I, THESIE.E.—Fruit dry. Stamens equal in number to perianth-segments.
I, Thesium.— Flowers hermaphrodite.
Il. Thesidium.— Flowers dicecious.
Tribe Il, OSYRIDE.—Fruit succulent. Stamens equal in number to perianth-
segments.
III. Osyridocarpus.— Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth-tube above ovary
elongate. Disc obscure.
IV. Rhoiocarpus.—Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth-tube above ovary
short. Dise prominent.
V. Osyris.—Flowers dicecious or subdiccious, Perianth-tube above
ovary scarcely present. Disc prominent.
Tribe III. GRUBBIEA.—Fruit drupaceous. Stamens twice as many as perianth-
segments.
VI. Grubbia.— Flowers hermaphrodite in axillary strobili.
I. THESIUM, Linn.
Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth superior, cup-shaped on a
tubular or turbinate receptacle enclosing the ovary; external
glands 5, usually present alternating with the perianth-segments ;
segments 5, valvate, more or less hooded, with or without an
apical beard of hairs, margins hairy, papillose, lacinulate or
glabrous, sometimes incurved, usually with a tuft of hairs on their
face behind the anthers and adhering to the apex of the anther-
cells, when absent a ring of hairs occurs at the throat of the
perianth-tube at the level of the insertion of the filaments.
Stamens 5, inserted at the base of the segments or in the perianth-
tube ; filaments short, slender; anthers ovoid or oblong with
two parallel cells dehiscing longitudinally. Epigynous disc often
conspicuous. Ovary inferior, 3-merous; ovules 2—4, pendulous
from the apex of a slender flexuous placenta; style cylindrical
or almost absent; stigma capitate or obscurely 3-lobed. Fruit
dry, ellipsoid, globose or obovoid, usually 10-ribbed, with more
or less conspicuous reticulation between the ribs, crowned with
the persistent perianth. Seed similar in shape to the fruit;
albumen fleshy ; embryo central, usually oblique; radicle as long
as or longer than the cotyledons.
Herbs or undershrubs, glabrous or pubescent, usually (if not always) semi-parasitic ;
leaves in the South African species linear, linear-lanceolate, subulate or reduced to
scales or spines, rarely suborbicular ; inflorescence a loose or compact terminal or
raceme, spike or panicle, frequently cymose, sometimes a small or fairly
large dense head, the individual flowers being arranged in the axils of a bract
and two or more bracteoles.
DistriB. Species about 250, two only South American, the others inhabiting the
temperate regions or mountains of the tropical zone of the Old World, about
70 extra-African.
The sections of the genus adopted by De Candolle have been found to be
somewhat inconsistent with observed facts, and a rearrangement of the species
has been made. Though the present arrangement follows that given in the
Prodromus on general lines, new names have been assigned to the sections to
prevent confusion with those of De Candolle.
Sub-section 1.
Lhesium. | SANTALACE& (Hill),
*Flowers usually single in the bract axils and arranged
in simple terminal spikes or racemes :
Plants with rigid spine-like branches ; leaves spinous,
spinulose, scale-like or if leafy fugacious :
Leaves spinous or spinulose :
Leaves stout, all spinous :
Leaves folded, decurrent i oes .»» (1) spinosum.
Leaves solid, terete, not decurrent ... ... (2) pungens.
Upper leaves spinulose, lower linear... ... (3) spinulosum.
Leaves not spinous :
Branchlets spinous ; stems sulcate ; leaves linear,
fugacious... no uke ... (4) lineatum.
Branchlets spinous ; leaves scale-like ... -- (5) rigidum.
Plants not spinous, herbs or sub-shrubs ; leaves herba-
ceous or fleshy : x
Flowers with well-marked perianth-tube :
Plants hairy wae a = ... (6) hirsutum.
Plants glabrous : i
Plants with weak straggling branches ++ (7) virens.
Plants with erect stiff branches :
Flowers pedunculate ; bracts slightly ad-
nate to peduncle ; leaves hard, acutely
acuminate sag van ree, ... (8) costatum.
Flowers sessile or if shortly pedunculate
bracts wholly adnate; leaves Jherba-
ceous :
Stems tall; leaves 4-1} in. long .-- (9) Nationa.
Stems short ; leaves 3-5 lin. long ... (10) racemosum.
Flowers without marked penne and more
or less provided with a disc : ar
Leaves succulent ... en Sa ae .-. (11) crassifolium.
Leaves herbaceous : Neer
Plants minutely scabrous “at oe ... (12) diseiflorum.
Plants glabrous : :
Flowers pedicellate in axils of leafy bracts ;
bracteoles very small ; inflorescence in-
definite ; bracts not adnate to pedicels (13) namaquense.
Flowers in more or less definite terminal
inflorescences; bracts more or less
adnate to pedicels; bracteoles about
equal in length to bracts :
Perianth-segments glabrous; —much-
branched herbs or sub-shrubs :
Slender sub-prostrate herbs ; Rageite
linear, acuminate, as- :
paso ae uae wae (14) acutiosimum.
Stout sub-shrubs ; leaves broadly linear,
subacute, recurved are ... (15) squarrosum.
137
Section 1. Impersra.—Margins of perianth-segments entire, glabrous, papillose,
fimbriate or provided with lacinule, apical beard absent; anthers attached to
the segments or tube by a tuft of perianth-hairs adhering to their apices.
SUBGLABRA. — Perianth-segments glabrous or fringed with
minute papille ; anthers attached to perianth-segments by a tuft of hairs.
138 SANTALACEA (Hill). | Thesium.
Perianth-segments with papillose mar-
gins; stout erect shrubs:
Plants densely leafy ; bracts and bracte-
oles longer than flowers ... . (16) foliosum.
Plants with few scattered leaves ; rane :
and bracteoles shorter than flowers (17) fruticosum.
** Flowers in axillary cymules arranged in many-flowered
cymose heads, elongated spikes or more or less
dense racemes or panicles of cymules :
Plant spinous ... ce aa ae as ... (18) dissitiflorum..
Plant not spinous :
+Flowers aggregated in compact terminal many-
flowered racemose heads :
Leaves and bracts broadly ieciaccaatesgsa
Mape cs . (19) euphorbioides.
Leaves acicular, terete... Ree sie ,.. (20) pinifolium.
+tF lowers in axillary cymules forming elongated deter-
minate spikes or racemes ; plants erect :
Cymules sessile in bract-axils ; ; bracts much
longer than cymules poe Pie .. (21) glomeruliflorum.
Cymules shortly pedunculate, compact; Cun
shorter than cymules :
Stems winged .., a: ene bes .». (22) angulosum.
Stems not winged... ws. Ses Se (28) Susanne.
t+ttFlowers in indeterminate branched racemes ;
cymules 3-5-flowered ; peduncles elongated,
divaricately branched ; plants scandent :
Leaves and bracts 4-14 in. long:
Leaves and bracts broadly linear or linear-
lanceolate . io oe a ... (24) triflorum.
Leaves fleshy, terete ... is eit ... (25) scandens.
Leaves and bracts less than 3 lin. or oo ... (26) galioides.
ttttFlowers loosely paniculate :
Plants scabrous... Me eee ae ... (27) asperifolium.
Plants glabrous :
Leaves reduced, about 1 Jin. long... ... (28) corymbulige- er
rw
Leaves well-developed, 4-1} in. long:
All leaves about 4 lin. long, numerous and
recurved ; bracts only viiio adnate
to peduncles ae Bee --. (15) squarrosum.
Lower leaves 4~14 in. long, all Leask ak
ing ; bracts adnate for some distance to
peduncles:
Stems sharply ribbed ; leaves and bracts
keeled ; cymules lax os ... (29) floribundum.
Stems slightly ribbed ; leaves and bracts
more or less rounded on back ;
cymules compact ... ... ... (30) pallidum.
***Flowers arranged in small terminal cymose heads or
clusters :
Branches fairly densely leafy ; leaves well-developed ;
bracts glabrous ; fruits not or scarcely reticulate
between ribs :
Branches erect ; perianth without external glands (31) quinqueflorum.
Thesium. | SANTALACEE (Hill). 139:
Branches spreading ; perianth with conspicuous
external glands:
Leaves imbricate ; bracts and bracteoles longer
than flowers ; inflorescences inconspicuous (32) eupressoides.
Leaves lax; bracts and bracteoles equal to or
shorter than flowers; inflorescences con-
spicuous ce oe ae ..- (33) ericefolium.
Branches very sparingly leafy or nearly leafless ;
leaves small and bract-like ; bract-margins finely
serrulate :
Stigma subsessile ; bracts equal to or longer than
flowers :
External glands conspicuous; bracts acutely
acuminate... wet ves ane ... (34) nigromonta-
num.
External glands not seen ; bracts acute :
Perianth-segments glabrous; lower leaves
1-2 lin. long : nae ‘ ... (35) leptocaule.
Perianth-segments with papillose margins ;
lower leaves up to 6 lin. long... ... (36) commutatum.
Style 4 lin. or more long; bracts about half the
length of flowers :
Leaves few, scale-like, ovate-triangular, # lin.
fone. a. ane tee as => ... (37) nudicaule.
Leaves well-developed, oblong-lanceolate, 3 lin.
long, flat, obtuse or subacute ee ... (38) schumannia-
num.
****Flowers arranged in compact corymbose or umbellate
inflorescences ; leaves few, scattered :
Plants slender, rush-like ; leaves very small, subulate,
rarely a few narrowly linear basal leaves ;
perianth 3-3 lin. long, margins of segments
minutely papillose or subglabrous; corymbs
few-flowered :
Leaves almost absent; branchlets below corymbs et
leafless ... - sap ate a ... (39) juncifolium.
Leaves subulate, fairly numerous on branchlets :
below corymbs ... ee me sks ... (40) virgatum.
Plants stout, woody ; leaves somewhat fleshy, linear-
lanceolate, conspicuous, towards base up to 24
in. long ; perianth 3-14 lin. long, margins of
segments more or less conspicuously papillose ;
corymbs many-flowered : :
Perianth 13 lin. long, fringe of papillae conspicu- :
ous ; anthers g lin. long; style } lin. long ... (41) occidentale.
Perianth 3-1} lin. long, papille short ; anthers :
4 lin. long; style } lin. long... “es ... (42) strictum,
Sub-section 2. FrrprraTa,—Perianth-segments with a marginal fringe of long
papilla, or with two lateral lacinule, but no apical beard ; anthers with attach-
ment hairs ; plants rigid, woody, spinescent.
Margins of perianth-segments provided with lacinule:
Stems rigid, spinescent, puberulous... —-. ... (43) lacinulatum.
Stems flexuous, herbaceous, glabrous es .-- (44) pleuroloma.
Margins of perianth-segments fimbriate with fringe of
long papillz :
Branchlets ascending, crowded, covered with imbri- _ i
cate adpressed leaves... tes oe ... (45) horridum.
140 SANTALACEA (Hill). [ Thesium.
Branchlets spreading ; leaves reduced to scales : es
Plants covered with minute hairs ... oe .-- (46) hystricoides.
Plants glabrous aes os hea se ... (47) Hystrix.
Section 2. Barpara.—Perianth-segments with a more or less dense beard
dependent from their apices, margins more or less hairy ; anthers attached to
the segments or tube by a tuft of perianth-hairs adhering to their apices.
*Flowers solitary or in small 3-5-flowered clusters at
the ends of main and axillary branches ; bracts
forming an involucre ; leaves reduced to scales,
rarely narrowly linear or acicular leaves also
present :
Flowers solitary : ;
Plants minutely puberulous oie ee ... (48) sertulariastrum.
Plants glabrous :
Plants slender, profusely branched, with scale
and numerous long narrowly-linear leaves (49) paniculatum.
Plants stout; upper leaves scale-like, a few
stout acicular leaves below ... es ... (50) euphrasioides.
Flowers in small clusters : :
Anthers exserted ... ae ae OF ... (51) mieromeria.
Anthers included in perianth-tube :
Bracts much shorter than flowers, ovate-lanceo-
late, with blackish acuminate tips ; leaves :
adpressed, all subulate-acuminate ... ... (52) capituliflorum.
Bracts nearly as long as flowers, ovate-elliptic,
with membranous margins ; leaves some-
what spreading, acicular to triangular-
lanceolate ... aie a cs ... (53) cuspidatum.
**Flowers solitary or in groups of 2 or 3 at ends of
branches ; bracts not forming an involucre ; all
leaves well-developed :
Anthers included in perianth-tube ... See ... (54) rariflorum.
Anthers exserted :
Flowers over 2 lin. long; style exceeding 1 lin. :
ie re ee a eae ... (55) Zeyheri.
sage not exceeding 1} lin. long ; style }~-4 lin.
ong :
Branches erect, fastigiate; leaves scattered ; :
bracts as long as flowers ... ... —«.. (56) cytisoides.
Branches spreading, densely leafy ; bracts longer 2
than flowers ... + eve ove wee (57) Burchell.
***Flowers in small terminal or subterminal heads or
clusters; plants more or less prostrate, much
branched :
Leaves few, more or less scale-like especially at ends
of branches :
Lower leaves not scale-like ; anthers included in
periantiotehe oo ne ... (58) repandum.
Leaves nearly all reduced to scales; anthers
etwerted ys Sass aes es ee CO) QenewoNeA.
Leaves numerous, acicular or linear-lanceolate,
equally distributed over the stem :
Stems and leaves scabrid-puberulous sis ... (60) hispidulum.
Thesium. | SANTALACE (Hill). 141
Stems and leaves glabrous :
Leaves acicular, acute, ascending :
Plants lax, spreading ; ; anthers exserted ,,. (61) prostratum.
Plantastout much branched ; anthers included (62) acuminatum,
Leaves linear-lanceolate, flattened above, re-
curved, scattered or densely imbricate :
Plants slender, spreading, much branched ;
anthers exserted ... <a ae . (65) selagineum,
Plants stout; branches few, denied tie
anthers included :
Leaves scattered ; stigma subsessile ... (64) capitellatum.
Leaves densely imbricate ; style # lin. long (65) imbricatum.
****Flowers arranged in simple terminal spikes, racemes
or loose paniculate racemes :
tFlowers in definite simple spikes or racemes ; bracts
not adnate to peduncles :
Stems rush-like ; leaves scale-like or rarely linear-
subulate ; bracts with hyaline, scurfy or finely
fringed ‘margins :
Flowers in lax spikes; bracts with scurfy or
hyaline margins :
Apical beard of dense woolly hairs ; anthers in-
cluded in perianth-tube :
Bracts and leaves reduced to ovate scales with
broad scurfy margins... ye ... (66) junceum.
Bracts with membranous margins, sometimes
with slight scurfy edge:
Bracts subulate, pied acuminate ; leaves
linear-subulate . ae oa . (67) natalense.
Bracts broadly ovate, ‘seule leaves podluick
to ovate scales ... ae . (68) scirpioides.
Apieal beard of stiff comb-like idee: anthers
partly exserted :
Slender annuals, 4-5 in. high ; inflorescences
lax... i: ee ... (69) paronychioides.
Straggling misnele rectttio’ underehrub, 1 ft.
high; inflorescences compact, often
branched pet ee a . (70) flexuosum.
Flowers in short more or less dens pikes’: eich
with finely fringed mai
rgins : & ie
Stems slender, ascending, brown when dry_... (71) spartioides.
Stems stout, flexuous or a grey when
Ee .. (72) confine.
Stems leafy ; leaves well-developed ; bracts with entice
or rarely scabrous margins, never scurfy :
Flowers in compact dense spikes; style } lin.
long ; bracts equal to or longer than the
Howers :
Plants finely pubescent :
Leaves rounded on back ; perianth ey
glabrous... a en . (73) griseum.
Leaves ribbed ; orawils externally hairy ... (74) transvaalense.
Plants glabrous :
Bracts finely scabrid-puberulous on margins (75) gnidiaceum.
Bracts glabrous on margins :
Stigma sessile orsubsessile ; anthersincluded (76) phyllostachyum.
Style } lin. long; anthers exserted .. (77) impeditum.
SEES eee
142 SANTALACE (Hill). [ Thesium.
Flowers in elongated lax spikes; style 4 lin. or
more long; bracts shorter than flowers ... (78) magalismonta-
num.
+tFlowers in racemes ; bracts adnate to peduncles :
Bracts equal to or longer than flowers :
Styles $ lin. long or more ; leaves scattered :
Bracts with minutely serrulate or scabrous
margins :
External glands conspicuous :
Perianth 1-1} lin. long... a ... (79) Burkei.
Perianth 2 or more lin. long re ... (80) orientale.
External glands not present :
Bracts equal in length to flowers, rounded
on back, minutely serrulate ... .. (81) macrogyne.
Bracts longer than flowers, keeled, with
membranous scabridulous margins ... (82) lobelioides.
Bracts with entire glabrous margins :
External glands scarcely visible :
Bracts keeled ; leaves erect,, see .. (83) getzeanum.
Bracts rounded on back ; leaves recurved... (84) resedoides.
External glands conspicuous :
Plants slender; leaves misdaad linear,
curved .., Me uC oe ... (85) Junodii.
Plants stout ; leaves idan
Perianth over 2 lin. long; segments flat,
without hood ; bracts eliptie-laneeo-
late, obtuse ... ee ‘ . (86) coriarium.
Perianth 14 lin. long; pbmaels with
deep hood; bracts lanceolate, acute (87) nigrum.
Styles very short; stigma subsessile ; ——
" seuupanis’ ce anes Geile Ct eee an . (88) gracillarioides.
Bracts much shorter than the flowers ; stigma sence’
Plants branching from the base, leafy 5 Boe vee
14-1} lin. long ... re . (89) asterias.
Plants branching above, sparingly Male pevianth
lee es oy palpi
+ttFlowers usually in 3- ya pedunculate cymules in
bract-axils arranged in racemes :
Leaves with recurved tips... ane see ... (84) resedoides.
Leaves straight :
Bracts longer than cymules, adnate for some length
to peduncles... as oe ... (79) Burkei.
Bracts shorter than cymules, slightly adnate to
peduncles : 2
Racemes elongate, distinct ; style reaching to i.
top of anthers a Ola sc .. (91) cornigerum. =
Racemes short ; style scarcely = to bala
ofanthers ... oie be ., (92) palliolatum.
+tttFlowers in loose paniculate racemes :
Plants lax, with spreading leafy branches ; leaves
linear-lanceolate ; bracts longer than flowers ... (93) gypsophiloides.
Plants stiff, erect, with erect branches; leaves
scattered, narrowly linear ;_ bracts shorter than
flowers... & eS ee .. (94) utile.
Thesium.| SANTALACE# (Hill). 145
“****Flowers in compact rounded heads, short compact
spikes or dense corymbose heads or clusters ;
leafy subshrubs :
Flowers in corymbose heads or clusters :
Bracts conspicuous ; stigma sessile :
Bracts broadly oblanceolate, foxy-red, with con-
spicuous translucent margins ape -- (95) fallax.
Bracts lanceolate, simran hae rice in-
conspicuous ... es ‘ . (96) helichrysoides.
Bracts inconspicuous ; style Sane ain sve (97 ) umbelliferum.
Flowers in rounded heads or compact spikes :
Leaves and bracts covered with a fine pubescence :
Leaves adpressed to stem ; stigma sessile -.- (98 ) boissieranum.
Leaves spreading ; style elongate:
Leaves very dense; bracts green ; flowers in
rounded heads cae ‘ nee . (99) pubescens,
Leaves more scattered ; bracts ruddy ; flowers
in compact spikes eee a .. (100) rufescens.
Leaves and bracts with scabrous margins... .»- (101) scabrum.
Leaves and bracts glabrous :
Stems woody; flowering branches with re-
mote leaves ... oes ep fees ... (102) polyeephalum.
Stems herbaceous ; leaves numerous :
Leaves imbricate, adpressed, stout, obtuse (103) micro-
cephalum,
Leaves somewhat spreading, linear, acute to
acuminate . ues ae sie -. (104) pyenanthum.
Leaves glabrous ; nck with broad hyaline sia
more or less scarious or rarely finely scabrid-
ed
4 puberulous margins :
oe Stems prostrate ... me a ees ... (105) ecklonianum.
Stems erect :
Inflorescences dense spikes :
Leaves recurved; bracts ad ° oF
elongate .. eee . (103) sonderianum.
Leaves erect ; — fnoly sabes onbe:
rulous on margins ; stigma subsessile... (75 ) gnidiaceum.
Inflorescences globular or corymbose heads;
leaves erect or slightly spreading :
Style elongate, £-13 lin. long:
Stems or saa leafy — near flower-
heads .. ce .. (107) capitatum,
Stems with more or - coitei ee es,
with very few below flower-heads ... (108) glomeratum.
Style short, } lin. long; perianth-tube
markedly shorter than the segments... (109) fimbriatum.
Stigma sessile :
Perianth-tube very short; segments
elongate, with a small beard at
apex and papillose margins .. . (110) translucens.
Perianth-tube well-marked ; segments
with dense woolly beard :
Bracts broadly ovate-lanceolate ; leaves
seattered ... ep oi ... (111) densiflorum,
Bracts lanceolate; leaves crowded, ‘
imbricate ... os ms .». (112) carinatum.
144 SANTALACEA (Hill). | Thesiwm.
Section 3. Prnrcritata.—Perianth-segments with dense apical beard; the
pencil of perianth-hairs behind each anther remains free and does not adhere to
the apex of the anther.
Only South African species hee ses i ... (113) penicillatum.
Section 4. Annunata.—Perianth-segments with a more or less dense apical
beard, rarely papillose ; perianth-hairs behind anthers absent, but replaced by a
ring of short downwardly-directed golden hairs inserted in the tube at the level of
the attachment of the filaments.
Flowers in elongated spikes or racemes :
Perianth-segments with papillose margins ... ... (114) micropogon.
Perianth-segments bearded :
Anthers included in perianth-tube ee ... (115) ureeolatum.
Anthers exserted :
Plants with numerous stout branches spreading
almost at right angles to stem ; style } lin.
long... ae = a ae ... (116) patalum,
Plants sparingly branched ; branches erect ;
stigina sessile :
Plants slender; bracts small, subulate;
perianth # lin. long RA A ... (117) funale.
Plants stout ; bracts leaf-like ; perianth above
1 lin. long... “ee ... (118) macro-
stachyum.
wae
Flowers in heads or short spicate clusters :
Flowers in rounded heads or dense compact spikes
with imbricate conspicuous bracts; perianth-
segments with an apical beard of stiff comb-like
Bracts distinctly toothed on margins :
Upper leaves numerous, lanceolate, recurved at ee)
GED eee es she oe ies ... (119) diversifolium.
Upper leaves few, subulate, ascending ... ... (120) aggregatunl.
Bracts quite entire, usually reddish-brown when
dry:
Spikes stout, oblong or subcapitate ; bracts
broadly ovate ; plants leafy :
Spikes mostly oblong ; bracts broadly ovate,
sharply keeled; upper leaves linear-
subulate ... pio at ae res ... (121) spicatum.
Spikes mostly depressed-capitate ; bracts
lanceolate, not sharply keeled ; upper 2
leaves linear pi ai ... (122) bathyschistum.
Spikes rather slender, often elongated ; bracts
linear-lanceolate ; plants with few leaves ... (123) subnudum.
Flowers in more or less lax heads or spicate clusters ;
imconspicuous ; perianth-segments with
tee
dense woolly beard :
Style above }lin.long ... ... ss ene (124) elatius.
Stigma sessile :
Bracts with fringed margins ... ..,._——.... (125) Frisea.
Bracts with entire margins :
Leaves more or less crowded, adpressed to
stem, somewhat fleshy ... ... ... (126) annulatum.
Leaves scattered, spreading ;
ves narrowly linear; flower - heads
globose, few-flowered ........——.... (127) brachygyne-
Leaves broadly linear ; flower-heads ovoid, es
many-flowered ... «4. ue vee (128) Paterson.
Thesium. | SANTALACE (Hill). 145
~ 1. T. spinosum (Linn. f. Suppl. 161); a much-branched woody
shrub with very spiny leaves and bracts ; branches flexuous, often
glaucous-grey, glabrous ; leaves spreading at right angles, pungent,
triangular-subulate, very acute, 24-4 lin. long, with the margins
_ Closely adpressed together, subdecurrent on the stem, glabrous ;
bracts like the leaves but a little shorter; flowers solitary in the
axil of the bract, pedicellate ; bracteoles 2, very small, subulate ;
pedicel short, rather stout, glabrous; perianth ? lin. long, with
distinct external glands; segments triangular, slightly hooded,
about }§ lin. long, with a slight trace of flaps on the margin;
anthers exserted, | lin. long; disc conspicuous; style } lin. long ;
fruits oblong-ellipsoid, 1} lin. long, rather faintly 10-ribbed,
reticulate between the ribs. Thunb. Diss. Thes. 6; Fl. Cap. ed.
Schult. 208; Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 107, 108, 113; Sond. in
Flora, 1857, 353; A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 654. T. teretifolium,
R. Br. Prodr. 353; ADC. Le. 672, name only.
SourH Arrrca : without locality, Thunberg ! Zeyher, 106! Nelson in Herb. Banks !
Coast Recion: Van Rhynsdorp Div.; near Herrelogement, Drégec! Zeyher,
1504! Ebenezer below 500 ft., Drégeb! Clanwilliam Div. ; Lange Kloof, 400 ft..
Schlechter, 8048! Malmesbury Div.; near Saldanha Bay, Bolus, 12825!
Bachmann, 1700! Ecklon & Zeyher, 33! between Greene Kloof & Saldanha Bay,
Dréye a! Cape Div. ; Cape Flats, near Claremont, Schlechter, 536!
bo)
2. T. pungens (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 39); a much-
branched shrub, about 2 ft. high; branches crowded, glaucous-
grey or greenish when dry, with rather short internodes, glabrous ;
leaves spreading at right angles, pungent, rigidly subulate with
very acute spinous tips, 2-3} lin. long, subterete, glaucous-grey
with yellowish tips; flowers solitary in the axils of the bracts ;
bracts similar to the leaves but a little shorter; bracteoles very
small at the base of the short pedicel ; perianth ?-1} lin. long, with
conspicuous external glands; segments triangular-ovate, }—? lin.
long, slightly hooded, flat, with flaps at the side; anthers exserted,
3-} lin. long; disc conspicuous ; style } lin. long; fruits ellipsoid-
globose, 14 lin. long, 10-ribbed, slightly reticulate between the ribs.
T. spinosum, Drége, Zwei Pf. Documente, 68, partly, not of Linn. f.
Western Recon: Little Namaqualand; between Pedros Kloof and Lily
Fontein, 3000-4000 ft., Drége (T. spinosum,e partly)! Kamiesberg Range, at
Kharkamo, Pearson, 6684 !
-> 3.1. spinulosum (A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 647); a small
” slender rit about « in. high, much-branched from the base ;
branches ascending or spreading, slender, sharply angular, glabrous ;
leaves subacicular, slightly angular when dry, acute or subacute,
23-6 lin. long, fleshy, glabrous; flowers arranged in axillary
flexuous racemes ; bracts subulate, very acute, about 1 lin. long,
glabrous, nearly as long as the flower ; bracteoles 2, arising on each
side of the bract, about half as long as the flower, subulate and
very acute ; flower shortly pedicellate, about 1} lin. long including
FL. C.—VOL. V.—SECT. II. L
146 SANTALACE (Hill). [ Thesiwm.
the pedicel ; perianth # lin. long, with conspicuous external glands ;
segments triangular, slightly hooded, } lin. long, glabrous ; anthers
exserted, } lin. long; style 1-1 lin. long; fruits ellipsoid, stipitate,
2 lin. long, prominently 10-ribbed, prominently reticulate between
the ribs, glabrous. 7’. aristatum, Schlechter in Engl. Jahrb. xxvu.
116. T. spinosum, Drege, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 68, partly. T. 8p»
Dr ge, le. 73.
Coast Recion: Clanwilliam Div.; Blue Berg, 3000-4000 ft., Drege, Be
Tulbagh Div.; New Kloof, Schlechter, 7506! Caledon Div. ; Houw Hoe
Schlechter, S-7 ! between Fairfield and Elim, Bolus, 8599 ! : Lil
WESTERN REGION: Little Namaqualand; between Pedros Kloof and buy
Fontein, 3000-4000 ft., Drégee, partly !
> 4.7. lineatum (Linn. f. Suppl. 162); a woody bush about
14-3 ft. high; branches dense, spreading, prominently grows
glabrous ; leaves mostly few and inconspicuous or sometimes et
numerous and conspicuous, linear, flattened and fleshy, but mostly
linear or occasionally linear-oblanceolate, subterete, subacute, 1-l}
lin. long, fleshy, glabrous; bracts small and scale-like, triangular
ovate or sublanceolate, glabrous ; pedicel up to about 1 lin. longs
with 2 very small bracteoles at the apex ; flowers solitary, white 5
perianth 1} lin. long; segments about } lin. long, ovate lanceolatts
subacute, hooded, with slightly inflexed margins ; anthers exsert “ts
scarcely } lin. long; filaments } lin. long ; style ? lin. long; fru
white when mature, oblong-ellipsoid, about 4 lin. long, 2 bn. PY
diam., with a slightly impressed reticulation, not ribbed. Thund-
Diss, Thes. 6 ; Fl. Cap, ed. Schult. 210; Drége, Zwei Pf. Documen®:
90; Sonder in Flora, 1857, 354; A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 654
exel. syn. T. rigidum, Sond.; Baker & Hill in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Aft
vi. i, 425. T. ephedroides, A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1910, 18°
T. sparteum, R. Br. Prodr. 353; A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 672,
name only. :
South Arnica : without locality, Sparrmann | Thunberg, Burke!
Coast Recion: Swellendam Div.; Tradouw, Mund & Maire! : Kuil
CENTRAL Rearon ; Calvinia Div. ; between Lospers Plaats and Springbok rset
River, Zeyher, 1502! Prince Albert Div.; Gamka River, Burke, 145! Some
Div. ; near Somerset East, Bowker, 101! 136! Graaff Reinet Div. ; near or in
Reinet, 2600 ft., Bolus, 80! Fraserburg Div. ; between Karee River and Ke!
Quaggasfontein, near Fraserburg, Burchell, 1412! Hopetown Div. ; near es
town, Mushkett, 125! > )uft,
WESTERN REGION : Great Namaqualand ; Great Karasberg, near Krai ey
5000-6000 ft., Person, 7807 | 8287 ! Naruda Siid, 4000 ft., Pearson, 7808 | 818
north of Ramans Drift, 2400 ft., Pearson, 4007 ! Spitz Koppjes, Dinter;
Omburo, Dinter, 1407! Little Namaqualand; Rattel Poort, Pearson, vt
Khamiesberg Range, Twee River Settlement, Pearson, 6614! near Kasteel ae
3000 ft., Bolus, 9447! Silver Fontein, near Ookiep, 2000-3000 ft., Dregea!'
'
Marloth, 5012! Schorsteen Berg, Marloth, 41081 Haazenkrals River, Drege?’
Van Rhynsdorp Div. ; Zout River,
chlechter, 8140 ! .
KaLanart Recion: Griqualand Wat Rsteete Mountains, Kloof villag®r
Burchell, 2062 !
Also in German South-West Africa.
The specimen of 7. sparteum, R. Br., is preserved in the British Museum at |
proves to belong to 7’. lineatum, Linn. f,
SES
Thesium. | SANTALACE (Hill). 147
— §, T. rigidum (Sond. in Flora, 1857, 354) ; a small much-branched
rigid shrub with rigid spine-tipped branchlets ; branchlets divaricate,
subterete, scarcely grooved, glabrous and sometimes slightly glaucous ;
bark splitting transversely and peeling off; leaves small and scale-
like, ovate or ovate-triangular, acute, about $ lin. Jong or less,
brownish, with scarious hyaline margins, glabrous; bracts and
bracteoles similar to the leaves but smaller; flowers solitary or
subsolitary, very shortly pedunculate ; perianth ? lin. long, with a
distinct disc within the base ; segments triangular, subacute, } lin.
long, slightly hooded, glabrous ; anthers exserted, } lin. long; style
about + lin. long, reaching to the top of the anthers ; fruits ovoid,
10-ribbed, slightly rugose. T. lineatum, A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv.
654, so far as concerns Ecklon & Zeyher, 39.
Coast Recion: Uitenhage Div.; Steinbock Flats, north of Winterhoeks Berg,
near Karreebosch, Heklon_& Zeyher, 39!
6. T. hirsutum (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 31); root-
stock rather slender, branched ; stems fairly numerous, subsimple,
erect, slightly angular, rather densely puberulous; leaves linear,
with a very acute cartilaginous apex, flattened, 3-6 lin. long,
l-nerved, fleshy, scabrid-puberulous on the margin ; flowers arranged
in bracteate racemes, solitary in the axils of the bracts; peduncles
5~1} lin. long; bracts adnate to the peduncle up to the base of the
flower, usually much longer than (but sometimes equalling) the
latter, leaf-like, often puberulous on the midrib as well as the
margins; bracteoles arising from the base of the bract, mostly
slightly longer than the flower, a little narrower than (but other-
wise similar to) the bracts; flowers about 2 lin. long; perianth
about 14 lin. long, with conspicuous external glands; segments
1 lin. long, hooded, glabrous ; anthers } lin. long, slightly exserted
from the perianth-tube ; style {-1 lin. long, reaching to above the
tops of the anthers; fruits broadly ellipsoid, 3 lin. long including
the persistent perianth, about 10-ribbed, prominently reticulate
between the ribs.
Coast REGION : Queenstown Div. ; Queenstown plains, 3600 ft., Galpin, 1585!
Cenrrat Recion: Somerset Div. ; near Somerset East, 2800 ft., MacOwan,
i Sua Reinet Div.; Cave Mountain, 4400 ft., near Graaff Reinet,
olus, 525 !
Katanarrt Recion: Orange River Colony; Leeuw Spruit and Vredefort,
Barrett-Hamilton ! Transvaal ; Heidelberg, at Grootvlei Farm, Gilfillan, 244!
7. T. virens (E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei P#l. Documente, 147,
226); stems very slender and probably trailing, finely grooved,
glabrous ; branches sparingly leafy, very slender; leaves linear,
4-1 in. long, very acute and cartilaginous at the apex, nearly
flat, glabrous ; flowers subsolitary, subtended by a bract and two
bracteoles ; bract adnate to the peduncle right up to the base of
- flower, equalling or up to twice the length of the flower, linear,
5 2
148 SANTALACE (Hill). [ Thesiwm.
subterete, acute, up to } in. long, glabrous ; bracteoles as long as
or longer than the flower, similar to the bract ; flower nearly 2 lin.
long, slender; perianth 1} lin. long, glabrous; segments linear-
lanceolate, $ lin. long, hooded, margin incurved ; anthers exserted,
1 lin. long; style 1 lin. long, reaching to the top of the anthers ;
fruit oblong-ellipsoid, about 2 lin. long including the persistent
perianth, prominently 10-ribbed, prominently reticulate between
the ribs. A.DC. in DC. Prodr, xiv. 653.
Eastern Recion: Tembuland ; Morley, 1000-2000 ft., Drége! Natal, Gerrard,
1279!
8. T. costatum (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 25); root
stock slender, erect ; stems few and fairly numerous, branched in
the upper part, ribbed or angular, glabrous ; leaves laxly arranged,
linear, acutely acuminate, 3-6 lin. long, flat, glabrous, midrib
prominent on both surfaces ; cymules 1-3-flowered ; bracts shortly
adnate to the peduncle, 3-5 lin. long, otherwise similar to the
leaves ; peduncle shorter or a little longer than the bract, com-
pressed, rather slender; bracteoles shorter or longer than the
flowers, linear, acute, glabrous ; perianth 14-1} lin. long ; segments
triangular-lanceolate, 3 lin. long, hooded, the margins with a broad
flap-like fringe near the base, the hood beaked and slightly papillose ;
anthers } lin. long; style 3 lin. long, overtopping the anthers ;
fruits campanulate-globose, about 3 lin. long including the persistent
perianth, prominently 10-ribbed, coarsely reticulate between the
ribs,
Var. 8, juniperinum (A. W, Hill) ; leaves densely crowded on the shoots, more
finely pointed than in the type.
Katanari Recion: Orange River Colony; Bethlehem, Richardson! Basuto-
land ; Leribe, Dieterlen, 647; Transvaal; near Pretoria, Wilms, 1308a! Swazi-
cel near Bremersdorp, 2600 tt., Bolus, 12273! near Mbabane, 4700 ft., Bolus,
Eastern Recion: Griqualand East, Tyson! Natal; near Camperdown, 3330 ft.,
Schlechter, 3284! Weenen, 3500 ft., Wood, 3582! between Pietermaritzburg and
Greytown, Wilms, 2252! near Pietermaritzburg, Wilms, 2254! near Emberton,
Schlechter, 3239! Inanda, Wood, 1141! and without precise locality, Gerrard,
1281! Var. 8: Natal and Zululand, Gerrard, 1280!
9. T. Nations (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 34); stem
slender, subsimple, evidently arising from a rhizome, about 1 ft.
high, slightly flexuons, ribbed, glabrous ; leaves linear, with a short
acute cartilaginous apex, }-1} in. long, about } lin. broad, flat,
fleshy, glabrous, midrib conspicuous on the upper surface ; flowers
few, very shortly pedunculate; bracts shortly adnate to the
peduncle, much longer than the flowers, flat and very similar
to the leaves; bracteoles as long as or little longer than the
flowers, green and like the bracts, but a little narrower; perianth
1} lin. long ; segments triangular-elliptic, $ lin. long, hooded, with
papillose margins ; anthers half exserted from the perianth-tube,
Thesium. | SANTALACE& (Hill). 149
| + lin. long; style 3-1 lin. long, reaching to above the base of
the anthers.
Katanari Reaion: Transvaal ; Rustenburg, 4500 ft., Miss Nation, 266 !
— 10. T. racemosum (Bernh. in Flora, 1845, 79); rootstock knotted ;
stems several, simple or subsimple, suberect, conspicuously angular,
glabrous; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, subacute, 3-5 lin.
long, about } lin. broad, flat, 1-nerved, with narrowly cartilaginous
margins, glabrous; inflorescence racemose, bracteate; bracts slightly
adnate to the peduncle, linear-lanceolate, very acute, slightly keeled,
longer than the flowers; peduncle up to | lin. long; bracteoles 2,
about 1 lin. long, usually shorter than the flowers ; perianth 1} lin.
long, with conspicuous external glands ; segments ovate or lanceolate,
subacute, 1}-14 lin. long, hooded, with incurved slightly papillose
margins ; anthers about } lin. long, on short filaments ; style $—}
lin. long, thick, tapering, reaching to the middle of the anthers ;
fruits not seen. A.DC. in DO. Prodr. xiv. 659, not of Sond. in
Flora, 1857, 357, nor 403.
Kanawart Recron: Swaziland; Emlembo Mountain, Havelock concession,
4000 ft., Saltmarshe, 986!
Eastern Region : Natal; Table Mountain, Krauss, 386! Vryheid, Sim, 2924 !
and without precise locality, Gerrard, 1275!
Sonder has caused some confusion, in the first place by placing under this species
Zeyher, 1500, from the Magalisberg Range. This plant is a bearded species
(Zeyher, 1500, in Herb. Stockh., and partly in Herb. Kew), and is now referred to
T. Burkei, A. W. Hill. In the second place he suggests that 7. angulosum,
A.DC., is, according to the description, identical with 7’. racemosum.
: “™ 11. T. crassifolium (Sond. in Flora, 1857, 355); stem erect,
4 much-branched, angular, glabrous ; branches spreading or ascending,
4 fairly stout; leaves recurved, linear, subacute, 3-4 lin. long, very
convex on the lower surface, V-shaped on the upper surface,
glabrous; inflorescence leafy and subspicate, slightly flexuous ;
bracts and bracteoles subequal or the former longer, both much
longer than the flowers, with infolded margins, broad at the base,
boat-shaped ; flowers subsessile, obconic, almost completely hidden
by the bracts ; perianth } lin. long ; segments } lin, long, triangular,
flat, glabrous ; anthers and style 1 lin. long; fruit oblong-ellipsoid,
capped by the persistent perianth, shortly contracted at the base,
1} lin. long, prominently 10-ribbed, obscurely reticulate between
the ribs. A.DC, in DC. Prodr. xiv. 660. T. spinosum, Jacq., not of
Linn, nor Drége, and T. fragile, Link, not of Linn., ex ADC. Le.
- names only. T. sedifolium, A.DC. l.c., name only.
Coast REGIon : Cape Div.; top of Table Mountain, Bergius! Caledon Div. ;
mountains near Grietjes Gat, Ecklon & Zeyher. ! Houw Hoek, 3000 it.,
Schlechter, 7346! Bolus, 9193! near Genadendal, Baviaans Kloof Mountains,
Burchell, 7753 !
Tf. crassifolium, R. Br. Prodr. 353, quoted in DC. Prodr. xiv. 672, proves from
an examination of the specimen preserved in the British Museum to be 7. Frisea,
Linn., var. Thunbergii, A.DC.
150 SANTALACE& (Hill). [ Thesiwm.
12. T. disciflorum (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 27); stems
weak and probably procumbent, much-branched from the base ;
branches slender, subterete, minutely scabrous, reddish-brown when
dry; leaves numerous, linear, acutely mucronate, 2—3 lin. long,
convex below, flat above, at length recurved, minutely scabrous,
fairly fleshy ; flowers solitary ; bracts and bracteoles longer than
the flowers, the former leaf-like, adnate to the peduncle ; peduncle
very short; bracteoles 2, about half the length of the bracts,
acutely mucronate ; perianth-segments triangular, } lin. long, hooded,
glabrous ; anthers exserted from the perianth-tube, } lin. long ;
style } lin. long, reaching to the base of the anthers; fruits
ellipsoid, capped by the persistent perianth, 12 lin. long, 1 lin. in
diam., ribbed and reticulate, glabrous.
Centrat Recton: Graaff Reinet; in grassy places on Tandjes Berg, 4300 it.,
Bolus, 1967 !
13. T. namaquense (Schlechter in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. 120);
stems branched, rather slender, terete ; branches slender, flattened
and sulcate, glabrous; leaves linear, acute, 3-4 lin. long, rather
fleshy, glabrous; flowers solitary, pedicellate; bracts acicular,
much longer than the flowers, resembling the leaves; pedicel
about ? lin. long, with 2 small bracteoles at the base, glabrous ;
bracteoles linear-lanceolate, acute, ? lin. long; perianth } lin.
long, glabrous ; segments } lin. long, triangular, acute, slightly
hooded, glabrous; anthers } lin. long; filaments } lin. long;
dise conspicuous, lobed; style } lin. long, its apex below the
anthers ; fruits with prominent ribs.
WESTERN REGION: Van Rhynsdorp Diy. ; Karree Bergen, 2000 ft., Schlechter,
8206!
> 14. T. acutissimum (A.DC. Esp. Nouv. Thes. 4); stems numerous
and slender from a slender rootstock, finely suleate, very minutely
tuberculate ; branches slender ; leaves acicular, subterete or in the
barren shoots flat and with a distinct midrib, acutely mucronate,
up to } in. long, rather fleshy, glabrous, recurved ; inflorescence
1-3-flowered ;_ bract shortly adnate to the peduncle, flat on the
upper surface, concave below, apex cartilaginous and acute;
bracteoles longer than the flowers, similar to the bracts; perianth
i lin. long; segments triangular, } lin. long, hooded, glabrous ;
anthers } lin. long ; dise conspicuous ; style } lin. long, reaching
to the top of the anthers ; fruits ellipsoid, capped by the persis-
tent perianth, 1? lin. long, prominently 10-ribbed, conspicuously
reticulate between the ribs. Sond. in Flora, 1857, 405; A.D.
in DO. Prodr. xiv. 659. TT. Krebsii, A.DC. Esp. Nouv. Thes. 1, and
in DC. Prodr. xiv. 656; Sond. in Flora, 1857, 403. T. apiculatum,
Sond. in Flora, 1857, 357; var. corniculatum, Sond. in Flora,
1857, 357. T. corniculatum, A.DC. in D.C. Prodr. xiv. 662, partly-
T. strictum, Thunb. ex Sond. in Flora, 1857, 357, name only.
Thesium. | SANTALACE& (Hill). 151
Var, 8, corniculatum (A. W. Hill) ; flowers crowded and somewhat glomerulate
at the ends of the shoots. 7’. corniculatum, E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei PA. Docu-
mente, 145, 226 ; A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 662, partly, not var. corniculatum,
Sond, in Flora, 1857, 357.
SourH AFrica : without locality, Arebs, 291!
Coast Recon: Uitenhage Div. ; Zwartkops River, Zeyher, 3816! 3816a!
3816b ! 22! Port Elizabeth Div. ; near Port Elizabeth, Burchell, 4337 ! Redhouse
and Van Staadens, Mrs. Paterson, 729! Albany Div. ; between Kaffir Drift and
Port Alfred, Burchell, 3781! Grahamstown, Misses Daly & Sole, 90! and without
precise locality, Bowker! King Williamstown Div. ; King Williams Town,
1500 ft., Sim, 1475!
CENTRAL Recion : Somerset Div. ; near Somerset East, MacOwan, 2218 !
Eastern Recion: Transkei ; Tsomo, 2000 ft., Baur, 476! Var. 8: Transkei ;
Geua River, Drége !
— 15. T. squarrosum (Linn. f. Suppl. 162); stem erect or suberect,
branched from near the base or in the upper half only, subterete,
glabrous; branches numerous, crowded, angular, purplish when
dry ; leaves linear, with subacute cartilaginous tips, up to about
4 lin. long, rather fleshy, glabrous, at length recurved ; peduncles
very short and adnate to the bract ; bracts leaf-like, reaching to the
top of the flowers ; bracteoles as long as or slightly longer than the
flowers ; perianth 3 lin. long; segments ovate-lanceolate, } lin.
long, hooded, glabrous; anthers exserted, } lin. long; _dise con-
Spicuous; style very stout and short; fruit ellipsoid-globose,
2} lin. long, 14 lin. in diam., capped by the persistent perianth,
stipitate, prominently 10-ribbed, reticulate between the ribs. Thunb.
Prodr. 46; Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 211; A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv.
659 ; Sond. in Flora, 1857, 361, 405. T. multiflorum, A.DC. Esp.
Nouv. Thes. 4. TT. corniculatum, Krauss ex A.DC. in DC. Le.,
name only, not of E. Meyer. T. hispidulum, Zeyh. ew A.DC. in DC.
L.c., name only, not of Lam. TT. paniculatum, Thunb. in Fl. Cap. ed.
Schult. 210, as to spec. in Herb. Stockh. ?
SoutH Arrica : without locality, sheets a and 8 in Herb. Thunberg!
Coast Recion: Swellendam Div. ; on plains, Bowie! Knysna Div. ; hills near
Knysna, 150 ft., Schlechter, 5929! Uitenhage Div.; Uitenhage, Zeyher, 59!
Van Stadens Berg, Zeyher, 3804! Goda Hopsudden, Sparmann | Algoa Bay,
Forbes! Van Staadens, near Port Elizabeth, Mrs. Paterson, 760! Albany
Div. ; near Grahamstown, 2500 ft., Galpin, 81! Bolus, Herb. Norm. Austr.-Afr.,
1363!
CENTRAL Reaton: Somerset Div. ; Somerset, Bowker! Bosch Berg, 400 ft.,
MacOwan, 1997 ! 3700 ft., Bolus, 281! 281b!
BS ae beni Sr hound uth 8 Soy ” eer ey
_> 16. T. foliosum (A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 656) ; stems erect,
much-branched, ribbed, glabrous ; branches ascending or suberect ;
leaves linear, obtuse or subobtuse, }~1 in. long, flat on the upper
surface, keeled below, glabrous, midrib fairly prominent ; flowers
crowded towards the end of the shoots, the latter sometimes sub-
corymbose ; cymes 1-3-flowered ; bracts boat-shaped, with slightly
membranous margins, broader at the apex and thickened, as long
as or longer than the peduncles, glabrous ; bracteoles as long as or
152 SANTALACE-E (Hill). | Thesiwm.
longer than the flowers, similar to the bracts ; perianth 11 lin. long ;
segments triangular-ovate, } lin. long, fleshy, deeply hooded, with
_ papillose margins ; anthers exserted, + lin. long; style about 4 lin.
long; fruits shortly stalked, ellipsoid-globose, capped by the
persistent perianth, about 24 lin. long including the stalk, 1} lin.
in diam., 10—11-ribbed, reticulate between the ribs. T. capitatum,
var. interruptum, Krauss in Flora, 1845, 80. T. Turczaninowii,
Sond. in Flora, 1857, 354.
Coast Recion: Uniondale Div. ; mountains of Long Kloof, Drége, 8164a!
Humansdorp Div.; Clarkson, 1000 ft., Galpin, 4544! Uitenhage Div. ; Van
Stadens Berg, Ecklon & Zeyher! Winterhoek Mountains, Krauss, 1806! Port
Elizabeth Div. ; Van Staadens, near Port Elizabeth, Mrs. Paterson, 882! upper
part of Maitland (Leadmine) River, Burchell, 4619! Albany Div. ; Salat Kraal,
near Grahamstown, Zeyher, 304! Bathurst Div. ; vicinity of Bathurst, Zcklon &
Zeuher, 27 |
17, T. fruticosum (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 28); a
shrub, 4—6 ft. high ; stem terete, with transversely splitting bark, up
to ? in. thick at the base, perfectly simple till 1-2 ft. from the top and
then dividing into 4-6 whip-like 2-3-chotomously divided branchlets,
glabrous ; branchlets ascending or “ weeping,” slightly angular or
compressed, glabrous; leaves in young plants present along the
stem from the very root, subsequently deciduous, linear-oblong,
obtuse, recurved, 3-4 lin. long or up to ? in. long, fleshy, convex
below, flat or concave above, glabrous; cymules 1—3-flowered,
loosely arranged in spike-like racemes; bracts shorter than the
flowers, more or less free from the very short peduncle, up to 24 lin.
long, rather thick, somewhat boat-shaped, obtuse ; bracteoles 2, half
as long as the flowers or less, linear-lanceolate, acute ; perianth wide
and cup-shaped with broad spaces between the segments, 1 lin.
long, with glandular disc ; segments broadly triangular, } lin. long,
slightly hooded, apex and margins papillose; anthers rounded,
included in the perianth-tube, } lin. long; style } lin. long ; fruits
ellipsoid-globose, contracted at the base, 3 lin. long including the
persistent perianth, prominently 5-ribbed at the base, with less
prominent ribs between, reticulate.
Coast Region: Uitenhage Div. ; Zuurberg, Mrs. Paterson, 35! Albany Div. ;
Howisons Poort Hills, 2200 ft., Galpin, 2900! hills near Grahamstown, MacOwan,
2094 | Bolus, 1558! Atherstone, 58! Cooper, 56! Featherstone Kloof, 2000 ft.,
Schonland, 567! Queenstown Div. ; Queenstown, Cooper, 3045!
According to a note by MacOwan the stems in this species are 4-6 ft. high,
flexible, about # in. thick at the base, perfectly simple till 1-2 ft. from the top,
then dividing into 4-6 whip-like 2-3-chotomously divided branchlets. Leaves
subsequently deciduous. Remarkable by its weeping flagellate aspect.
7 18. T. dissitiflorum (Schlechter in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. 118); 2
small decumbent shrub, much-branched ; branches and branchlets
rigid, terete, glabrous, the latter with spiny tips ; leaves scattered,
subulate-linear, often curled in to the stem when dry, 14-2 lin. long,
Thesium.| SANTALACEA (Hill), 153:
concave on the upper side, convex below, glabrous; flowers in
axillary clusters usually about 2 lin. apart, 1-3 together ; bracts.
shorter than the flower-clusters, lanceolate, acute to acuminate,
becoming black, caducous; bracteoles 3-6, forming a small in-
volucre, ovate, acute, concave, 3—} lin. long; perianth 1 lin. long ;
segments ? lin. long, with conspicuous external glands between
each, margin slightly involute, glabrous ; anthers 4 lin. long ; fila~
ments { lin. long ; style very short ; fruit subglobose, contracted at
the base, 14 lin. long, prominently 10-nerved, finely reticulate.
between the nerves.
Centrat Recion: Ceres Div.; Cold Bokkeveld, Schlechter, 8859 !
WESTERN REGION: Calvinia Div. ; Papelfontein, Schle chiter, 10897 |
= 19. T. euphorbioides (Linn. Mant. Alt. 214); an erect somewhat
woody shrub, up to 6 ft. high ; branches straight, angular, glaucous ;
leaves broadly ovate or suborbicular, cordate at the base, mostly
adpressed to or encircling the branches, often overlapping, acutely
mucronate, $-1} in. long, $1 in. broad, rigidly coriaceous, several
nerved, glaucous, glabrous; cymes racemose, with large leafy
coloured bracts ; bracts suborbicular, mostly a little smaller than
the leaves, as long as and enclosing the cymes ; bracteoles obovate or
elliptic, rather longer than the flowers; perianth 1—1} lin. long,
with distinct external glands ; segments lanceolate, obtuse, about
1} lin. long, hooded, with incurved margins; anthers pendent,
exserted, } lin. long ; dise rather inconspicuous ; style about 3 lin.
long ; fruit shortly stalked, subglobose, beaked by the persistent
style, 24 lin. long, with 5 prominent ribs and 5 faint ones between,
scarcely reticulate. Berg. Descr. Pl. Cap. 74 ; Thunb. FI. Cap. ed.
Schult, 211; Sond. in Flora, 1857, 353. T. ampleaicaule, Linn.
Mant. Alt. 213.
Sout Arrica: without locality, Thunberg ! i Pee
Coast Rraion : Tulbagh Div. ; between New Kloof and Elands Kloof, Drege a!
Cape Div. ; Cape Flats, Ecklon & Zeyher, 40! Stellenbosch Div.; Hottento
Holland, 1500 ft., Inudwig! Bolus, 4204! Diels, 1295! between Stellenbosch and
Cape Flats, Burchell, 8351! Caledon Div. ; Baviaans. Kloof, Burchell, 7 646!
Zwart Berg, 200-300 ft., Zeyher, 3787! MacOwan, 2752! and Herb. Norm.
Austr. -Afr., 764! Pappe! Schlechter, 5871! near Genadendal, Drege b! Donker
Hoek Mountain, Burchell, 7978! Bredasdorp Div. ; Koude River, 900 _ft.,
Schlechter, 2787 | Riversdale Div.; Garcias Pass, Phillips, 324! Galpin, 4547 !
near the Gouritz River, Ecklon & Zeyher, 40 ! Uitenhage Div. ; Zwartkops River,
Zeyher, 3786!
20. T. pinifolium (A.DC. Esp. Nouv. Thes. 2); stem 5 ft. high,
stout and woody, conspieuously ribbed, glabrous ; branches rather
crowded in the upper part of the stem, ascending or suberect,
rather sharply ribbed, glabrous ; leaves acicular, terete, obtuse
or subobtuse, slightly decurrent on the stem, those on the main
stem 1-1} in. long, arcuate, those on the flowering branches shorter,
glabrous ; flowers subglomerate at the ends of the branches ; cymes
few-flowered ; bracts linear, subobtuse, about 1 in. long, boat-
154 SANTALACE& (Hill). | Thesium.
shaped, sharply keeled, with a prominent midrib on the upper
surface; peduncle adnate to the lower part of the bract but
shorter ; bracteoles as long as the flowers, similar to the bracts ;
perianth 1 lin. long; segments ovate, } lin. long, hooded, glabrous
except on the incurved papillose edges; anthers exserted, } lin.
long; style } lin. long, exceeding the anthers or reaching about
to their middle ; fruit ellipsoid, narrowed to both ends, capped
by the persistent perianth, 14 lin. long, prominently 10-ribbed,
5 of the ribs more prominent than the others. A.DC. in DC.
Prodr, xiv. 655, 7. corymbiflorum, Sond. in Flora, 1857, 354,
404. -
Coast Recion: Swellendam Div. ; Voormans Bosch, Zeyher, 3791! Riversdale
Div. ; mountains of Garcias Pass, 1200 ft., Galpin, 4545 !
21. T. glomeruliflorum (Sond. in Flora, 1857, 355); an under-
shrub up to 1} ft. high ; stem angular or almost winged, glabrous ;
branches ascending ; leaves linear, broadening towards base, acute,
pagers
4—} in. long, flat on the upper surface, rounded on the lower,
glabrous ; flowers 3-5 in axillary sessile or very shortly pedunculate
clusters, the latter about half as long as the leaves ; bracts and
bracteoles imbricate around and much longer than the flowers,
lanceolate, acute, up to 2 lin. long, prominently keeled ; perianth
} lin. long, with external glands between the segments ; segments
erect, lanceolate, obtuse, } lin. long, glabrous; anthers exserted
from the perianth-tube, 1 lin. long, dark-coloured; style very
short. A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 671.
Coast Recron: Swellendam Div. ; Swellendam, Mund! Riversdale Div. ;
between Little Vet River and Garcias Pass, Burchell, 6864, partly ! mountains,
Garcias Pass, 1000-1500 ft., Galpin, 4543! Bolus, 11422! Klein Berg, at Platte-
Kloof, Muir, 473 (5446 in Herb. Galpin)!
22, T. angulosum (A.DC. Esp. Nouv. Thes. 2); a shrub, 5 ft.
high ; stems erect, broadly winged, wings with cartilaginous margins,
glabrous ; branchlets less broadly winged to angular, sometimes
rather slender, glabrous ; leaves linear, decurrent on the stem, with
a prominent midrib continuous with the cartilaginous edge of the
wing, acute or subacute, up to about }$ in. long and about | $
lin. broad, flat, glabrous ; cymules arranged in rather elongated
lax racemes ; bracts adnate to the peduncle for more or less than
half their length or sometimes almost free, linear-lanceolate, acutely
acuminate ; bracteoles shorter than the flowers ; perianth 1{—2} lin.
long ; segments elliptic, 1-1} lin. long, hooded, with papillose 1n-
curved margins; anthers exserted from the perianth-tube, } lin.
long ; style 14-1} lin. long, reaching to the top of the anthers ;
fruit with a stout yellow stalk about 1 lin. long, subglobose, about
2 lin. long, including the gaping persistent perianth, prominently
10-ribbed, not or only very slightly reticulate between the ribs.
A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 653; Sond. in Flora, 1857, 403.
T. Galpinii, Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1897, 222.
ao
~
Thesium. | SANTALACE& (Hill). 155
Coast REGION : Queenstown Div. ; mountains near Queenstown, 4000-4500 ft.,
Galpin, 1654! King Williamstown Div.; Perie Mountains, 3500 ft., Galpin,
8273 ! Sim, 1533.
Eastern Reaion: Transkei; Kentani Distr., 1200 ft., Miss Pegler, 176!
Tembuland; Bazeia Mountain, 3500 ft., Baur, 752! Natal; near Durban,
Gueinzius, 365! Inanda, Wood, 262! hill-side near Bothas, 2200 ft., Wood,
5009! Emberton, 1970 ft., Schlechter, 3238! and without precise locality,
Gerrard, 1277!
23. T. Susanne (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 40);
stems erect, woody, with reddish angles, glabrous; branches
ascending or suberect, leafy ; leaves linear-acicular, more or less
trigonous, acute, }—} in. long, about } lin. thick, glabrous ; flowers
in shortly pedunculate or subsessile 3—5-flowered cymules arranged
in terminal leafy racemes ; peduncles 1—2 lin. long; bracts adnate
to the apex of the peduncle, much overtopping the flowers,
narrowly linear-lanceolate, acute or subacute, sometimes with sub-
translucent reddish margins, convex below, concave above, glabrous,
entire ; bracteoles about half as long as the free portion of the bracts,
otherwise very similar to the latter ; perianth 1-1} lin. long, witb
distinct external glands and an internal lobed disc; segments
broadly triangular-ovate, subacute, } lin. long, hooded, fleshy,
glabrous, margins scarcely papillose ; anthers included, reaching to
the base of the perianth-segments, } lin. long ; stigma subsessile ;
fruits ellipsoid-globose, 2} lin. long, distinctly 10-ribbed, rather
fleshy, scarcely reticulate between the ribs.
-Souru Arrica: without locality, Krebs, 150! 175! without indication of the
collector in Herb. Kew !
Coast Reaton: Riversdale Div.; Gysmans Hoek, Muir, 359! and in Herb.
Galpin, 5327 !
24, T. triflorum (Thunb. ex Linn. f. Suppl. 162); stems much-
branched, terete below, upper angular and sulcate, glabrous ; leaves
linear or linear-lanceolate, subacute, }—-2 in. long, up to 1} lin.
broad, flat, 1-3-nerved, or subacicular, somewhat fleshy, glabrous ;
inflorescence I- to several-flowered, cymose; bracts leafy, often
sickle-shaped and somewhat reflexed ; peduncle mostly shorter than
the bracts; bracteoles 2, minute; flowers subsessile; perianth
15 lin. long; segments triangular, about 1 lin. long, flat, hooded,
glabrous ; anthers exserted, } lin. long; filaments 3 lin. long;
disc prominent, lobed; style 3 lin. long; fruit ovoid-globose,
capped by the persistent perianth, 2 lin. long, 1} lin. in diam.,
coarsely reticulate. Thunb. Prodr. 46; Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 211;
A.DC. in DO. Prodr. xiv. 661, partly ; Sond. in Flora, 1857, 354,
partly. T. planifolium, A.DC. Esp. Nouv. Thes. 5; Sond. in Flora,
1857, 405,
Coast N: iv.; Gamtoos River, 330 ft., Schlechter, 6055!
feterclig Div. : fg i ala Sag eyher, 3 ! 3794 ! Ecklon & Zeyher,
33! Redhouse, Mrs. Paterson, 400! Albany en ; Fish River Heights, # gpent
Fort Beaufort Diy. ; between the Koonap and Kat Rivers, Ecklon & Zeyher, 32:!
British Kaffraria, Cooper, 66 !
156 SANTALACE (Hill). [ Thesvum-
CentraL Recion: Albert Div.; without precise locality, Cooper, 1762!
Murraysburg Div.; near Murraysburg, 4000 ft., Tyson, 82! Richmond Div. ;
Uitvlugt, near Stylkloof, 4000-5000 ft., Drége, 8180! Graaff Reinet Div. ;
Sneeuwberg Range, 3700 ft., and Karroo near Graaff Reinet, Bolus, 2011!
Camdeboo, Dunn! Philipstown Div.; near Rietfontein, at Waschbanks River,
Burchell, 2719, 2736 !
KataHARI Recion: Transvaal ; Shilovane, Junod, 523!
Eastern Recion: Natal; Mooi River, Wood, 4432! Portuguese East Africa:
Inhambane, Scott !
25. T. scandens (E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 133,
226); stem scandent, covered with shiny light-brown bark, glabrous ;
branches weak, elongated, probably hanging, slightly flexuous ;
leaves large, few, reflexed, fleshy, terete, up to 1} in. long, about
1 lin. thick, glabrous and closely wrinkled when dry ; inflorescence
cymose, about 3-flowered ; bracts adnate to the peduncle for 1-3
lin., the lower leaf-like, recurved, up to } in. long ; peduncle up to
1} in. long, subterete, glabrous ; bracteoles minute ; flowers very
shortly pedicellate, about 1 lin. long; perianth cupular, } lin. long ;
segments ovate, obtuse, 2 lin. long, slightly hooded, fleshy, flat ;
anthers } lin. long; filaments } lin. long; style about } lin. long,
stout, reaching to the top of the anthers; fruit ellipsoid-globose,
about 2 lin. long, wrinkled and somewhat fleshy, red (Tyson).
A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 661; Sond. in Flora, 1857, 354.
Coast Region: Uitenhage Div.; near the Zwartkops River, Zeyher, 694!
3795! Zwartkops, Tyson in Herb, Marloth! Enon, below 100 it., Drége!
Redhouse, Mrs. Paterson! Fort Beaufort Div. ; between the Koonap and Kat
Rivers, Ecklon & Zeyher, 32!
enn
26. T. galioides (A.DC. Esp. Nouv. Thes. 5); stems slender,
grooved, glabrous, much-branched ; leaves not seen ; inflorescence
cymose, dichotomously branched ; bracts adnate to the peduncle for
about } lin., linear, subacute, at length recurved, up to 1} lin.
long, fleshy, glabrous ; peduncle 1} in. long; bracteoles 2, about
half as long as the flowers or less, subulate-lanceolate, subacute ;
perianth nearly 1 lin. long, campanulate ; segments triangular, flat,
+ lin. long, slightly hooded, glabrous ; disc lobed and well marked ;
anthers exserted, 1 lin. long; filaments + lin. long; style } lin.
long. A.DOC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 661. T. triflorum, Thunb. ex
Sond. in Flora, 1857, 354, partly; ADC. in DC. Le., partly. Sond.
in Flora, 1857, 405.
Coast Recion: Stellenbosch Div.; Grietjes Gat, 2000-4000 ft., Ecklon
Z ! Caledon Div. ; near Caledon, Bellon & Zeyher, 30! Riversdale Div. ;
renti River Farm, Muir, 5326! near Rive : t., Schlechter, 1896 !
Bolus, 11374! Mossel Bay Div. ; hills east of the Gouritz River, Burchell, 6412!
Uitenhage Div. ; Addo, Zeyher, 3797! Ecklon & 23! 33! Uitenhage,
Zeyher, 51! Port Elizabeth Div. ; Port ege, 267!
CENTRAL REGION: Graaff Reinet Div.; near Graaff Reinet, 2500 ft.,
Bolus, 281!
27. T. asperifolium (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 23);
stems branched, slender, up to about 8 in. high, angular, finely —
scabrous ; branches ascending, slender, leafy, scabrous ; leaves
Thesium. | SANTALACE& (Hill). 157
linear or linear-lanceolate, subacute, up to ? in. long, with a distinct
keeled midrib on the lower surface, minutely scabrous ; flowers in
lax cymes ; bracts more or less lanceolate, flat, acute, as long as or
longer than the flowers, finely scabrous on the back and margins ;
bracteoles shorter than the flowers, very similar to the bracts;
perianth $-3 lin. long; segments ovate, subacute, 2 lin. long,
slightly hooded ; dise prominent, lobed; anthers exserted, } lin.
long; style stout, 1 lin. long; fruits globose, 2 lin. long, pro-
minently ribbed, very sparingly and inconspicuously reticulate
between the ribs.
Coast Recion: George Div.; on a hill near George, Schlechter, 2358!
Queenstown Div. ; Table Mountain, Drége, 8170b!
28. T. corymbuligerum (Sond. in Flora, 1857, 362); a small
shrub, up to 1 ft. high; stems several, erect or suberect, woody,
glabrous ; branches bearing small corymbs of several flowers ; leaves
small and inconspicuous, linear, acute, about 1 lin. long, fleshy,
concave on the upper surface, glabrous; flowers small, in small
terminal branched cymes, bracts a little shorter than the flowers,
ovate or oblong, acute; bracteoles very small; perianth saucer-
shaped, 1 lin. long; segments triangular, } lin. long, hooded, flat,
glabrous or nearly so on the margin; disc conspicuous ; anthers
exserted, nearly } lin. long; style } lin. long; fruits turbinate at
the base, scarcely 2 lin. long, rather fleshy and scarcely ribbed.
A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 660. T. polyanthum, Schlechter in Journ.
Bot. 1898, 27.
Coast Reaion: Cape Div. ; Beacon Hill, Wolley-Dod, 2821! rvadside towards
Chapmans Bay, Wolley-Dod, 1551! Caledon ; stony heights of the Hartebeest
River, Zeyher, 3812! Zwart Berg, Ecklon & Zeyher, 85! Riversdale Div. ; near
Garcias Pass, 1800 ft., Bolus, 11376! .
29. T. floribundum (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 27) ;
stems erect, branched from about the middle, prominently ribbed,
glabrous; branches ascending, slender, flexuous; leaves linear,
acute, 1-1 in. long, up to } lin. broad, somewhat fleshy, glabrous ;
flowers paniculate in the upper part of the branches ; bracts adnate
to the peduncle for nearly a third of their length or less, leaf-like,
keeled ; cymules 3—5-flowered ; bracteoles longer than the flowers,
linear-lanceolate, acute ; perianth } lin. long; segments triangular,
} lin. long, fleshy, hooded, with more or less papillose margins ;
dise conspicuous; anthers exserted, } lin. long; style stout, very
short ; fruit oblong-ellipsoid, capped by the persistent perianth,
contracted at the base, 2 lin. long, 1} lin. in diam., very prominently
10-ribbed, reticulate between the ribs, often slightly glaucous.
Coast Recion : British Kaffraria, Cooper, 138 !
Katanari REGION: Transvaal ; near Wonderfontein Railway Station, 6000 ft.,
Bolus, 12278! Heidelberg, Schlechter !
. Eastery Recon: Tembuland ; Bazeia, Bawr, 336, partly! Griqualand East ;
Mount Currie, 5200 ft., Tyson, 1838! Pondoland; Port St. John, summit of
158 SANTALACE# (Hill). | Thesium.
West Gate, 1200 ft., Galpin, 3467! Natal; Port Shepstone, Rogers! Dumisa,
1970 ft., Rudatis, 472! Malvern, near Durban, 500-600 ft., Wood, 4971! near
Newcastle, 3000-4000 ft., Wood, 7186! Inanda, 1800 ft., Wood, 154! 249! and
without precise locality, Gerrard, 352! Mrs. K. Saunders !
=> 30. T. pallidum (A.DC. Esp. Nouv. Thes. 2); stems few, from
an erectand rather slender rootstock, rather closely sulecate, glabrous,
branched in the upper part ; branches erect, angular ; leaves linear,
obtuse, ?-14 in. long, 3 lin. broad, rather coarsely verrucose, some-
what fleshy, glabrous; inflorescence several-flowered, terminating
the branches ; bracts adnate to the peduncle for half their length,
leaf-like, those near the flowers acute and longer than the flowers ;
peduncle equalling the bracts, glabrous ; bracteoles 2, shorter than
the flowers, lanceolate, subacute ; perianth }—1 lin. long ; segments
3-2 lin. long, broadly ovate, hooded, margins slightly fringed,
incurved, membranous; anthers exserted from the perianth-tube,
slightly pendulous, about } lin. long; style 1—} lin. long, stout;
stigma capitate, reaching to the middle of the anthers; fruit
ellipsoid, narrowed to the base, capped by the persistent erect
perianth-segments, 2} lin. long, 14 lin. in diam., very prominently
10-ribbed, coarsely reticulate between the ribs, slightly shining-
A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 654; Sond. in Flora, 1857, 404.
Coast Reeion: Albany Div. ; near Grahamstown, MacOwan, 181 ! QueenstowD
Div. ; mountain near Zwartkei Bridge, 4000 ft., Galpin, 2275!
CenTRAL ReGion : Wodehouse Div. ; Stormberg Range, Drége, 81702!
Eastern Rxecion: Griqualand East ; Mount Currie, Tyson, m MacOwan &
Bolus, Herb. Norm. Afr.-Austr., 1230!
"eee 31. T. quinqueflorum (Sond. in Flora, 1857, 354); a small erect
shrub, 1-2 ft. high, much-branched ; branches erect, leafy, finely
pustulate, glabrous; leaves erect-patent, linear, with subacute,
blackish tips, 2-4} lin. long, concave above, keeled below, finely
pustulate ; inflorescence terminal or subterminal, of cymose 4-5-
flowered umbellules; bracts and bracteoles subspathulate, keeled,
longer than the flowers, margins slightly membranous ; perianth 1-1}
lin. long ; segments }—{ lin. long, ovate-triangular, obtuse, deeply
hooded, with incurved wavy margins ; anthers exserted and situat
under the hood, about } lin. long ; dise conspicuous ; style 5-3 lin.
long ; fruit subglobose, capped by the persistent perianth, 21 lin.
long, 12 lin. in diam., 5-winged towards the base, smooth between
the wings. T. erectiramosum, A.DC. Esp. Nouv. Thes. 2, partly;
A.DO. in DC. Prodr, xiv. 655, partly; Sond. in Flora, 1857, 404.
T’. affine, Schlechter in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. 115.
Coast Recion: Caledon Div. ; mountains near Grietjes Gat, lon & Zeyher.
21! Houw Hoek, 1200 ft., Schlechter, 9394 !
Sonder rightly pointed out in his supplementary paper that De Candolle has
confused two different plants under his species 7’. erectiramosum. Only Ecklon &
Zeyher, 21, can be referred to 7’. quinqueflorum, which is a quite distinct specte*:
the other specimens belong to 7. virgatum, Lam.
Thesiwim. | SANTALACE (Hill). 159
32. T. cupressoides (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 26);
stems bushy, about 8 in. high, much-branched, woody, terete ;
| branches ascending, rather densely leafy, glabrous; leaves linear,
Pe acute, 2-3} lin. long, flat on the upper surface, slightly keeled
below, somewhat fleshy, glabrous ; flowers clustered at the ends of
short axillary branches ; bracts and bracteoles lanceolate, longer
than the flowers; perianth } lin. long, with a distinct dise and
small prominent external glands; segments ovate, obtuse, } lin.
long, hooded ; anthers exserted, ;!; lin. long; stigma subsessile ;
fruits not seen.
Eastern Recion: Natal; Niginya, 5500 ft., Wylie in Herb. Wood, 10618 !
— 33. 'T. ericeefolium (A.DC. Esp. Nouv. Thes. 3); a heath-like much-
branched low shrub; stem purplish, subterete, glabrous ; branches
ascending, rather slender, slightly grooved ; leaves linear, keeled,
obtuse or subacute, 14-2 lin. long, glabrous; flowers crowded
towards the apex of the branchlets, sessile; bracts rather longer
than the flowers, ovate-lanceolate, acute, keeled, concave above ;
bracteoles similar to the bracts but a little shorter; perianth with
conspicuous external glands, } lin. long ; segments ovate-triangular,
about } lin. long; anthers very small; style } lin. long, reaching to
the top of the anthers; fruits small, ovoid, scarcely 1 lin. long,
prominently 10-ribbed especially at the base, scarcely reticulate:
between the ribs. Sond. in Flora, 1857, 404; A.DC. in DC.
Prodr. xiv. 658. T. ramellosum, Sond. in Flora, 1857, 362. T.
ericefolium, var. confertum, A.DC. lc. 658. T. ericoides, R. Br.
Prodr, 353, name only ; DO. Le. 672.
Coast Recion: Tulbagh Div. ; near Tulbagh Waterfall, Ecklon & Zeyher, 26:
Cape Div.; Orange Kloof, Bergius! Caledon Div. ; near Genadendal, Baviaans
Kloof, Burchell, 7760! Houw Hoek, Scott-Eiliot, 1132! Bolus, 9919! Steenbrass
River, 1000 ft., Schlechter, 5384! Vogelgat, 1500 ft., Se ! Rivers-
dale Div. ; Garcias Pass, 1000 ft., Galpin, 4542! Uitenhage Div. ; Van Stadens
Berg, Drége, 7174! Zeyher, 3805! Uitenhage, Ecklon & Zeyher, 273!
The specimen collected by R. Brown and labelled 7. ericoides is preserved
in the British Museum and proves to be 7’. ericxfolium, A.DC.
——~ 34. T. nigromontanum (Sond. in Flora, 1857, 361); a small
heath-like subshrub branched from the base; branches erect or
suberect, slender, subterete ; leaves of two kinds, those towards the
base of the plant linear and subterete, subobtuse, up to 4 lin. long, -
fleshy, glabrous ; the upper closely adpressed to the shoot, subulate-
lanceolate, acute, about 1 lin. long; cymules axillary, often sub-
corymbose, with the flowers crowded at the apex, leafy in the lower
part ; flowers sessile or subsessile in the middle of the bract and two.
bracteoles ; bract acutely acuminate from an ovate base, about the
same length as the flower, with minutely hirsute margins ; bracteoles
with blackened tips, ovate-lanceolate, acute, a little shorter than
the flower; perianth saucer-shaped, } lin. long, with conspicuous
external glands ; segments triangular, thickened and deeply hooded
160 SANTALACE (Hill). [ Thesium.
at the apex, margins minutely hairy ; anthers about ,', lin. long,
exserted ; filaments } lin. long; disc flat and conspicuous; style
extremely short; fruit ellipsoid-campanulate, 1} lin. long, pro-
minently 10-ribbed at the base, finely reticulate between the ribs.
A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 657. T. leptocaule, Sond. in Flora, 1857,
362, partly. T. leptocaule, Sond., var. glabriusculum, A.DC. in DC.
Prodr. xiv. 658, partly; Sond. le. 404, partly. T. brevifolium,
A.DC. Esp. Nouv. Thes. 3, partly ; var. glabriusculum, A.DC. le. 3.
Coast Recion: Cape Div. ; Cape flats, Doornhoogte, Hahlon_&eLeyher, 21
Stellenbosch Div.; French Hoek, 1500 ft., Schlechter, 9336! Caledon Div. ;
‘between Zwart Berg and the River Zondereinde, Zeyher, 3813! Bredasdorp Div. ;
= Elim, 700 ft.. Schlechter, 7628 ! George Div.; Montagu Pass, 3800 ft., Schlechter,
5828! near George, 650 ft., Schlechter, 2393! Knysna Div.; hills near Knysna,
160 ft., Schlechter, 5924! Humansdorp Div.; near Gamtoos River, Schlechter,
6040! Uitenhage Div. ; between Zwartkops River and Sundays River, Lcklon
& Zeyher, 28, partly! ee
Considerable confusion exists as to the specimens to be referred to 7’. nigro-
montanum and T. leptocaule respectively, and the specimens appear to have been
mixed under the same number. In 7’. nigromontanum the external glands are
conspicuous, while they are apparently absent from 7’. leptocaule; the acutely
acuminate bracts of 7’. nigromontanum and the black-drying flowers also serve as
a ready means of distinguishing this species from the more robust 7’. leptocaule.
Rhinostegia brevifolia, Turez., which has also been associated with 7. leptocaule
(Sond. in Flora, 1857, 404), appears to be an imperfect specimen and prvbably
should be referred to 7. virgatum.
a 35. T. leptocaule (Sond. in Flora, 1857, 362); rootstock slender,
erect ; stem simple for some distance or with several branches from
the apex of the rootstock, erect or ascending, subterete or slightly
angled, glabrous ; branchlets rather short and twiggy; leaves of
two kinds, those towards the base spreading, acicular, obtuse, 1-2
lin, long, glabrous, the upper very small and closely adpressed to
the stem, subulate-lanceolate, glabrous; flowers crowded at the
ends of the branchlets; bracts often blackish when dry, shortly
adnate to the very short peduncle, ovate-lanceolate, fairly acute,
# lin. long, keeled, with slightly jagged membranous margins;
bracteoles a little shorter than the flower, keeled ; perianth } lin.
long ; segments }~} lin. long, hooded, glabrous; anthers 5 lin.
long ; disc conspicuous ; style 1 lin. long; fruits ovoid, 1} lin. long,
prominently 9-10-ribbed at the base, reticulate between the ribs.
A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 657, partly. T. brevifolium, A.DC. Esp.
Nouv. Thes. 3, partly ; Sond. in Flora, 1857, 404, not T. (Rhinostegia)
brevifolium, Sond. lec. 361, 404.
Coast Recion : Uitenhage Div. ; between Zwartkops River and Sundays River,
Ecklon & Zeyher, 28 partly! near Uitenhage, Betton Zeyher Port
Elizabeth Div. ; Port Elizabeth, Herb. FE. S. C. A. ! Div.?; Humewood, Miss
Daly, 1062! Mrs, Paterson, 614!
Eastern Recion: Griqualand East ; Mount Fletcher, Sim, 2641!
> 36. T. commutatum (Sond. in Flora, 1857, 362); stem much-
branched, subterete, slightly longitudinally wrinkled when dry ;
Thesium. | SANTALACE (Hill). 161
branches more or less angular, subcorymbosely or paniculately
arranged, glabrous ; leaves of two kinds, the lowermost very few
or absent, acicular, acute, subterete, up to 6 lin. long, black and
arcuate when dry, grooved on the upper surface, upper leaves short,
subulate-lanceolate, decurrent on the branchlets, 1—2 lin. long, sub-
acute, glabrous, with black recurved tips; flowers few, crowded and
sessile at the ends of the branchlets ; bracts like the upper leaves,
equalling the flowers, narrowly ovate-lanceolate, acute, edges more
or less fimbriate ; bracteoles linear-oblong, shorter than the flowers ;
perianth } lin. long; segments triangular, hooded, about } lin. long,
very shortly papillose ; anthers } lin. long, exserted ; style }—} lin.
long ; fruits broadly ovoid, about 2 lin. long, contracted and pro-
minently 10-ribbed at the base, faintly reticulate between the ribs.
A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 659.
Coast Reeion: Cape Div.; Simons Berg, Wolley-Dod, 3015! and without
precise locality, Harvey, 715! 716! Caledon Div. ; Baviaans Kloof, near Genadendal,
Burchell, 7663! Zwart Berg, 2620 ft., Schlechter, 5550! Houw Hoek, 1800 ft.,
Schlechter, 9389! Vogel Gat, 2000 ft., Schlechter, 9515! Bredasdorp Div. ;
tween Elim and Fairfield, 1100 ft., Bolus, 8600! Uitenhage Div.; without
locality, Zeyher, 272!
CENTRAL Reeron: Ceres Div.; Cold Bokkeveld, Gydouw Berg, 5800 it.,
Schlechter, 10235 !
37. T. nudicaule (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 35); a
divaricately branched leafless or nearly leafless shrub; branches
subterete, about 1 lin. thick, glabrous; upper leaves (or bracts ?)
bract-like, ovate-triangular, acutely acuminate, about } lin. long
and nearly as much broad, seale-like, with blackened tips, fimbriate-
ciliate on the margins, otherwise glabrous; bracts similar to the
scale-leaves ; bracteoles more or less lanceolate, acute, about half the
length of the flowers, margins very narrowly membranous and
minutely serrulate ; perianth 1 lin. long, with conspicuous external
fleshy glands and an internal disc; segments triangular-ovate,
hooded, ? lin. long, margins finely ciliolate and reflexed ; anthers
exserted from the perianth-tube, } lin. long; style { lin. long,
reaching to the middle of the anthers ; fruits stipitate, ellipsoid-
globose, nearly 3 lin. long including the 1 lin.-long stipe, strongly
10-ribbed, coarsely reticulate between the ribs.
Coast Recion: Clanwilliam Div.; Olifants River, 500 ft., Schlechter, 8479!
Malmesbury Div. ; near Hopefield, Bachmann, 15!
—> 38. T. schumannianum (Schlechter in Engl. Jahrb. xxiv. 452) ;
a small shrub, sparingly branched ; stem and branches ascending,
Sreen, slightly angular, glabrous; leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse
or subacute, 14-3 lin. long, about } lin. broad, rigid, thick, flat on
the upper surface, slightly keeled or convex below, green, with
conspicuous cartilaginous subtranslucent margins ; flowers in small
terminal clusters, becoming blackish when dry ; bracts ovate-lanceo-
late, about half as long as the flowers, slightly keeled, thick and
FL. C.—VOL. V.—SECT. II. M
162 SANTALACE (Hill). | Thesium.
fleshy, with a suspicion of minute teeth on the slightly membranous
margin ; bracteoles more or less linear, very much shorter than the
bracts ; perianth 1-1} lin. long; segments triangular, flat, slightly
hooded, # lin. long, with slightly papillose margins ; anthers exserted,
1 lin. long; style 2 lin. long, reaching to the base of the anthers ;
fruits ovoid, about 24 lin. long, prominently 10-ribbed, laxly
reticulate between the ribs, green when dry.
Coast Recion: Cape Div. ; Orange Kloof, Wolley-Dod, 2623! Vlagge Berg,
Wolley- Dod, 438! Stellenbosch Div. ; Lowrys Pass, 2500 ft., Schlechter, 7266!
39. T. juncifolium (A.DC. Esp. Nouv. Thes. 1) ; subshrub, 1—2 ft.
high ; stem much-branched from the base; branches wiry, more
or less dichotomously divided, slender, minutely pustulate, terete,
with rather long internodes, glabrous; leaves very small and
subulate, closely adpressed to the stem, acute, about 3} lin. long,
mostly rather black when dry, glabrous ; inflorescences very slender,
subdichotomously branched ; cymules 3-6-flowered ; peduncle free
from the bract ; bracts similar to the leaves, the one immediately
subtending the flower forming with the two bracteoles a cup-like
involucre ; bracteoles very small, much shorter than the flower,
subulate-lanceolate, acute ; flower 14 lin. long, subturbinate ; perianth
} lin. long ; segments $ lin. long, triangular, with ciliolate margins,
thickened at the apex but not hooded ; anthers about } lin. long;
style stout, } lin. long. A.DOC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 656; Sond. in
Flora, 1857, 402. T. virgatum, Sond. Le. 361, as regards Ecklon &
Zeyher 55 (1 Lam.). T. brevifolium, Sond. l.c. 361, partly. Rhino-
stegia brevifolia, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. xvi. 1843, 57, partly.
Coast Recion : Clanwilliam Div. ; river-bed below Kradouw Krantz, Pearson,
5372! Tulbagh Div. ; near Tulbagh Waterfall, Ecklon & Zeyher, 55! Worcester
Div.; Dutoits Kloof, Drége, 8167a, partly in Herb. Stockholm and Kew, not in
Herb. Boiss, Near De Doorns, Hex River Valley, Bolus, 13186!
Some doubt and confusion in the synonymy of 7’. juncifoliuwm are occasioned
by the fact that under the number Drége, 8167a, there are two different plants 10
different herbaria, though they are not always intermixed. In the Boissier
Herbarium, 8167a is the type of 7’. dreyeanum, A.DC., a form of 7. virgatum, Lam.,
but at Kew and Stockholm two different plants are mounted on the same sheet,
one of which is 7. juncifolium, and the other is the same plant as the type of
T. dregeanum, represented at Berlin by Drége, 8167b. Rhinostegia brevifolia was
founded on Drége, 8167, and it is therefore doubtful whether it should be wholly
referred to 7’, juncifolium or to J’. virgatum. '
40. T. virgatum (Lam. III. ii. 123); stem much-branched, terete ;
branches numerous, erect, slender, angular, slightly pustulate,
glabrous ; leaves acicular, terete, acute, up to 2 in. long, fleshy,
glabrous; inflorescences numerous, few-flowered, paniculate-cory™-
bose ; peduncle free from the bracts ; bracts linear-subulate, acute
or subacute, 1-2 lin. long, concave on the lower surface ; bracteoles
shorter than the flowers, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, about 4 Like
long, with slightly membranous margins, glabrous ; perianth 3-
lin. long; segments triangular, flat, 1-3 lin. long, deeply hooded,
Thesium. | SANTALACE® (Hill). 163
glabrous except on the slightly papillose margin ; anthers exserted,
+ lin. long ; style very short ; fruit ellipsoid-globose, rather attenu-
ated at the base, 2 lin. long, 7-winged at the base, somewhat reticulate
between the wings. Sond. in Flora, 1857, 361, exel. Ecklon o:
Zeyher, 55. TT. strictum, Thunb. herb. sheet 8 (right-hand specimen),
sheet y (left-hand specimen). TT. paniculatum, Thunb. Prodr. 45, Fl.
Cap. ed. Schult, 210 as to Prodr. le. only, not of Linn. ; Willd. Sp.
Pl. i. ii, 1215 ; Lam. Ill. ii. 122; Sond. in Flora, 1857, 361; A.DC.
in DC. Prodr. xiv. 656; var. compressum, Sond. le. 361; var.
apertum, A. DC. lc. 656. T.dregeanum, A.DC.in DC. Prodr. lc. 657.
T. brevifolium, Sond. Le. 361, partly. Rhinostegia brevifolia, Turez.
in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xvi. 1843, 57, partly. T. erectiramosum,
A.DC. lc. 655, as to Ecklon & Zeyher, 36 in Herb. Berol. and
Stockh.
Sours Arrica: without locality, Thunberg! Drége, 8165!
Coast Reeron: Clanwilliam Div.; Kers Kop, Schlechter, 8799! Malmesbury
Div. ; Moorreesburg, Bachmann, 1698! Tulbagh Div. ; gh Waterfall,
Ecklon _& Zeyher, 20! Mitchells Pass, Schlechter, 8967 ! Worcester Div. ; Dutoits
Kloof, Drege . $167a partly! 8167b! Breede River ey, Bolus, 2935! Paarl Div. ;
French Hoek, Schlechter, 9361! Cape Div. ; hills and Flats around Cape Town,
Bergius | Forster! Burchell, 82! 457 ! 483! 534! Ecklon, 409! 796! te Zeyher,
3799 ! 3809! Ecklon & Zeyher, 53! Harvey, 713! 719! 420! Milne, 300! Priess !
Wright! Bolus, 2932! 4569! 7045! and in Herb. Norm. Austr.-Afr., 1358!
Wolley-Dod, 1710! 2456! Schlechter, 37! 252! 349! Diels, 67! 1202! Stellen-
bosch Div. ; Lowrys Pass, Schlechter, 5855! Marloth, 285! Diels, 1232! Caledon
Div. ; near Grietjes Gat, Ecklon & Zeyher, 36! Riversdale Div. ; Corente River
Farm, Muir in Herb. Galpin, 5325! George Div.; Montagu Pass, Schlechter,
5836! Uitenhage Div. ; various localities, Burchell, 4764! Zeyher, 103! 2802!
Ecklon & Zeyher, 53! Schlechter, 6076 !
CenTRAL Recion: Ceres Div. ; Bokkeveld, Thunberg! near Ceres, Bolus,
7453 ! and in Herb, Norm. Austr.-Afr., 1359 !
Owing to the type specimen of Linneus’ T. paniculatum not having been
examined by Thunberg or Sonder, the plants which have passed under this name
in every publication since the ‘‘ Mantissa’”’ are not the true paniculatum of
Linnzus, which is identical with 7. tenue, Bernh. Lamarck’s name 7. virgatum
has been restored for the species so long known as 7’. paniculatum, It is
unfortunate that Sonder in taking up 7. virgatum included specimens referred by
De Candolle to 7. juncifolium. T. virgatum embraces a wide range of forms
which merge into one another, and it has not been found possible to keep up
T. dregeanum, A.DC., as a distinct species.
41, T. occidentale (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 35);
branches elongated, slightly angular, very sparsely leafy, glabrous ;
upper leaves adpressed to the stem, linear, acute or subacute, 2—4 lin.
long, about } lin. thick, fleshy, flat or slightly concave on the upper
surface, glabrous ; flowers in lax terminal corymbs about ? in. in
diam.; bracts much shorter than the flowers, linear-lanceolate,
subacute, about 14 lin. long, slightly keeled, glabrous ; bracteoles
lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, less than half the length of the
bracts ; perianth 13 lin. long; segments broadly triangular-ovate,
obtuse or subacute, 1 lin. long, with no distinct beard, but the
margins thickly fringed all round with stout papille ; —
M
164 SANTALACE® (Hill). [ Zhesiwn-
exserted from the perianth-tube, 2 lin. long; style } lin. long,
reaching nearly to the base of the anthers ; fruits not seen. }
WESTERN ReEGIon: Little Namaqualand ; Modderfontein, Whitehead !
7 42, T. strictum (Berg. Descr. Pl. Cap. 73) ; a shrub, up to about
4 ft. high; stem erect, branched in the upper part, subterete,
glabrous ; branches subterete; lower leaves longer than the others,
acicular, with a very narrow groove on the upper side, up to 24 in.
long, obtuse or subacute, somewhat fleshy, glabrous, upper leaves
smaller and a little recurved, more or less flat on the upper surface ;
flowers crowded in small dense corymbs at the ends of the branches ;
bracts shortly adnate to the peduncle, similar to the upper leaves ;
peduncle }—1 lin. long, slightly angular ; bracteoles linear-lanceolate,,
shorter than the flowers; perianth }~-1} lin. long; segments } lin.
long, triangular-ovate, apex and margin shortly papillose ; anthers
+ lin. long; filaments about the same length ; style about 4 lin.
long ; fruit ovoid-globose, 14 lin. long, 1} lin. in diam., 10-ribbed,
with well-marked reticulation between the ribs. Linn. Mant. 214;
Thunb. Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 210 ; A.DC.in DC. Prodr. xiv. 654 ; Sond.
in Flora, 1857, 361. TT. euphorbioides, Jacg. ex A.DC. lc. 655, name
only, not of Linn. T. robustum, Bernh. in Flora, 1845, 80, accord. to
Sond. in Flora, 1857, 361.
Coast Rreion: various localities in the following Divisions—Van Rhynsdorp
Div.; Schlechter, 8344 ! Clanwilliam Div. ; bablo de Zeger, 1! Stephens, 7219!
7220! 7237! Diels,773! Pearson, 5420! 5421! Piquetberg Div. ; Pikiniers Pass,
Pearson, 5152! Malmesbury Div. ; Bachmann, 1699! Tulbagh Div. ; Ecklon &
Zeyher, 15! Pappe! Worcester Div. ; Drége 8165a! Rehmann, 24957 2496!
Paarl Div. ; Drége, 8166b! Bolus, 4064! Cape Div.; Sparrman! Bergius!
Forster! Burchell, 348! 500! 610! Ecklon, 59! 411! Zeyher, 3792! 3793!
Hee Behr, 18 | Wahlberg! Anderson! Pappe! Cooper, 3515! Wright!
ums, 36061 MacGillivray, 603! Hooker, 627! MacOwan, Herb. Norm. Austr.-
Afr., 765! Wolley-Dod, 438! 2663! Diels, 1412! Caledon Div.; Hang Klip,
Mund & Maire! Houw Hoek, Schlechter, 7584! Swellendam Diy. ; Voormans
Bosch, Zeyher, 3792! Riversdale Div. ; Burchell, 6973! Galpin, 4541! Muir!
Humansdorp Div.; Kruisfontein Mountain, Galpin, 4548! Albany Div. +
Grahamstown, Zeyher, 3792 !
WesterN Recion: Little Namaqualand; various localities, Bolus, 9442!
Pearson, 5718! 5951! 6273!
43, T. lacinulatum (A.W. Hillin Ann. Bolus Herb. ined.); a bush,
about | ft. high, everywhere covered with a very short puberulous
indumentum ; branches spiny at the tips, rigid ; leaves adpresst
to the stem, subulate-lanceolate, acute, with brownish-tips, #—1 lin.
long ; flowers axillary, solitary, subsessile ; bracts small and scaly,
with subulate tips, very much shorter than the flowers ; bracteoles
subulate, cartilaginous, about } lin. long; perianth about 4 lin.
long ; segments } lin. long, ovate, subacute, with broad inflexed
membranous flaps on the margins, glabrous; anthers about } lin.
long, exserted from the perianth-tube; style } lin. long, conical ;
fruits ovoid-globose, 1} lin. long, bright green, 10-ribbed, slightly _
reticulate between the ribs. .
Thesium. | SANTALACE (Hill). 165
WesTeRN Recion: Great Namaqualand; Great Karasberg, summit of a low
hill, Pearson, 7805 !
44, T. pleuroloma (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 38); a
prostrate herb or subshrub; stems glabrous, prostrate, flexuous,
ribbed, 10-14 in. long, bearing numerous elongated flexuous
lowering branchlets ; leaves scattered, acicular, somewhat fleshy,
13-24 lin. long, abruptly acute ; flowers pedicellate, solitary in the
axils of bracts disposed in lax racemose inflorescences ; bracts
subulate, shorter than the flowers, 3-1 lin. long, acutely acuminate,
glabrous ; bracteoles inconspicuous ; perianth ? lin. long ; external
glands conspicuous ; segments 3 lin. long, ovate with hooded apex,
margins provided with two infolded membranous flaps or lacinule
protecting the anthers ; anthers } lin. long, exserted ; style } lin.
long, reaching to the base of the anthers ; fruit not seen.
CentraL Recion: Murraysburg Div. ; near Murraysburg, 7'yson, 129 in Herb.
Bolus! Carnarvon Div.; Kareeberg Range, Burchell, 1566 !
_ Aweak straggling plant externally resembling 7’. junceum, Bernh., but distinct
In possessing membranous flaps to’ the perianth-segments like those of 7’. lacinu-
Jatum, A. W. Hill, as well as in the absence of a beard.
45. T. horridum (Pilger in Engl. Jahrb. xliv. 118); a low spread-
ing bush ; branches numerous, short, stiff, pungent-pointed, minutely
puberulous ; leaves more or less imbricate and adpressed to the
stem, linear-lanceolate, acutely acuminate, about 2 lin. long, convex
below, concave above, finely scabrid-puberulous on the margin and
surface ; inflorescences crowded, 3—4-flowered ; bracts ovate-lanceo-
late, acute, keeled; flowers shortly pedicellate ; perianth } lin.
long; segments ovate-triangular, acute, fringed at the apex and
on the margin ; anthers inserted in the perianth-tube and partly
exserted, } lin. long ; style 4 lin. long ; fruits globose, 3 lin. long,
with distinct’ ribs and reticulation, supported on a pedicel about
2 lin. long.
Western Recion: Calvinia Div. ; west of Hantam Mountains, Diels, 718!
46. T. hystricoides (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 31) ;
a rigid much-branched shrub, with rigid tapered spine-tipped
branchlets ; branchlets straight, contracted at the base, longi-
tudinally wrinkled, minutely puberulous ; leaves very small, tri-
angular, rigidly coriaceous, acute, very slightly puberulous outside ;
flowers solitary, distinctly pedicellate within the bracts, with a
finely pubescent ribbed receptacle ; bracts ovate, subacute, glabrous ;
bracteoles minute; perianth nearly 1 lin. long; segments ovate,
obtuse, 3 lin. long, with the margin and apex fringed with fairly
long hairs ; anthers exserted from the perianth-tube, } lin. long;
style thick, } lin. long, reaching to about the middle of the anthers,
with a somewhat capitate stigma; fruits ovoid-globose, stipitate,
about 2 lin. long, strongly 10-ribbed, finely puberulous, scarcely
" reticulate between the ribs.
166 SANTALACE® (Hill). | Thesiwm.
KabaHari Recion: Griqualand West ; between Griqua Town and Spuigslang,
Burchell, 1699!
47. T. Hystrix (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 31); a rigid
much-branched shrublet, with rigid tapered spine-tipped branchlets ;
branchlets sometimes flexuous, contracted at the base, coarsely and
closely longitudinally wrinkled or closely grooved when dry,
glabrous; leaves very small, more or less triangular, thick and
coriaceous, slightly mucronate, glabrous; flowers solitary, short
and sessile within the bracts; receptacle glabrous; bracts very
small, broadly ovate, slightly mucronate, glabrous ; bracteoles
minute ; perianth } lin. long; segments triangular-ovate, hooded,
i lin. long, the margin and apex fringed with fairly long hairs ;
anthers exserted from the perianth-tube, } lin. long; filaments
nearly as long as the anthers; style short, reaching to the base of
the anthers, 4 lin. long; fruits ovoid-globose, nearly 2 lin. long,
strongly 10-ribbed and glaucous between the ribs.
CentRAL Recion: Graaff Reinet Div. ; near Graaff Reinet, 2500 ft., Bolus,
523! Middelburg Div. ; Conway Farm, 3600 ft., Gilfillan in Herb. Galpin, 5503!
Katanari Recion: Griqualand West ; Kimberley, Alexandersfontein, 4100 ft.,
Galpin, 7000 !
48. T. sertulariastrum (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 41);
stems much-branched, subterete; branches rather crowded and
ascending, very minutely puberulous; leaves scattered, a few
towards the base of the plant acicular, terete, about $ in. long,
subobtuse, glabrous, the remainder subulate-lanceolate, with
blackened very acute tips, about 1 lin. long, glabrous ; flowers up to
3 at the apex of each shoot, sessile within the bracts ; bracts and
bracteoles forming an involucre, subequal, linear- or ovate-lanceo-
late, very acutely acuminate, shorter than the flowers, with black
tips and fringed submembranous margins, glabrous ; perianth
globose at the base, 1 lin. long ; segments linear-lanceolate, acute,
nearly 3 lin. long, with a long hooded apex and dense apical beard ;
anthers included in the perianth-tube, } lin. long ; stigma subsessile ;
fruits ellipsoid, ? lin. long, prominently 10-ribbed, prominently
reticulate between the ribs.
Coast Recion: Caledon Div. ; Paapies Vlei, Schlechter, 10448! Bredasdorp
Div. ; Riet Fontein, Bolus, 8597 !
> 49. T. paniculatum (Linn. Mant. 51, not of Thunb. nor Sond.) ;
stems slender, flexuous, terete, glabrous; branches very slender,
spreading almost at right angles, lax, glabrous ; leaves usually few,
rarely rather numerous, linear, grooved on the upper surface, acute,
4-3} in. long, glabrous; flowers arranged in lax dichotomously
branched cymes, pedicellate ; bracts free from the peduncle, similar to
the leaves but shorter ; peduncle slender ; bracteoles several at the
apex of the peduncle, subulate-lanceolate, with blackish acute tips, _
mostly shorter than the flowers; perianth } lin. long, with con-
Thesium. | SANTALACE& (Hill). 167
spicuous external ovoid glands between the segments ; segments
reflexed, } lin. long, flat, with a woolly beard; anthers included in
the perianth-tube, 1 lin. long; style more or less sessile; fruits
ellipsoid, 2 lin. long, prominently 10-nerved, finely reticulate
between the nerves. Willd. Sp. Pl. i. ii. 1215, as to Linn. specimen,
not of Thunb. ; Lam. Ill. ii. 122, not of Thunb. TT. tenue, Bernh. in
Flora, 1845, 80; Sond. in Flora, 1857, 364; A.DC. in DC. Prodr.
xiv. 666. 7. debile, Spreng. Syst. Veg. i. 830 ; Sond. in Flora, 1857,
364,
SoutH Arrica: without locality; Tulbagh? in the Linnean Herbarium !
Chamisso, 11! without locality or collector, 7. debile, Spreng., in Herb. Stockholm.
Coast Recion: Paarl Div.; French Hoek, 500 ft., ele 9226! Cape
Div. ; mountains near Cape Town, Bergius! Zeyher, 4764! Wolley-Dod, 494!
3426! Bolus, 3946! 39463! and Herb. Norm. Austr.-Afr., 1361! Cape Flats,
Krauss, 1807! Stellenbosch Div.; around Somerset West, Ecklon & Zeyher, 24!
ENTRAL REGION : Somerset Div. ; Bruintjes Hoogte, Burchell, 3040!
The specimen in the Linnean Herbarium, which forms the type of the Mantissa,
and is labelled ‘7. paniculatum” by Linneus, was probably collected by
Tulbagh ; it is identical with the plant named 7. tenue by Bernhardi. The
Specimen seen by Sonder at Stockholm is an entirely different plant and agrees in
part with the plants labelled 7. strictum by Thunberg in the Upsala Herbarium.
Y. debile, Spreng., appears to be only a straggling form of 7. paniculatum, Linn.,
as suggested by Sonder,
= 50. T. euphrasioides (A.DC. Esp. Nouv. Thes. 8) ; a low slender
subshrub, up to 9 in. high, much-branched ; main-stem slender,
terete, glabrous; branches dichotomously forked, spreading or
ascending ; leaves few and scattered, the lower about 4 lin. long,
linear, terete, the upper subulate-lanceolate, acute, at first
adpressed to the stem, at length spreading or recurved, about 1 lin.
long, glabrous ; flowers solitary and sessile at the apex of the
branchlets or of the branches of the cymes; bract and bracteoles
forming an involucre, acutely acuminate from an ovate or lanceo-
late base, about 2 lin. long, glabrous; flower about 2 lin. long ;
perianth cylindric, 1} lin. long, with no external glands ; segments
linear-lanceolate, subacute, 2 lin. long, with a dense apical beard ;
anthers included in the perianth-tube, } lin. long ; style } lin. long,
reaching to the middle of the anthers; fruits broadly ellipsoid,
23 lin, long including the long persistent perianth, prominently
10-nerved, distinctly reticulate between the nerves, reddish-brown
when dry. A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 665. T. hottentottum, Sond.
in Flora, 1857, 363, 407.
Coast Recion: Tulbagh Div. ; Tulbagh Waterfall, 900 ft., Schlechter, 9015 !
Cape Div. ; mountains a Cape Town, Thunberg, partly |! Masson! Zeyher, 203 ;
Ecklon & Zeyher, 37! Harvey, 717! Devils Peak, Bergius! Stellenbosch Div. ;
Hottentots Holland, near Lowrys Pass, 1000 ft., Bolus, 5563!
The left-hand specimen on the sheet in Thunberg’s herbarium marked
“ T. strictum, 8,” belongs to J. euphrasioides, A.DC.
_ — 51. T. micromeria (A.DC. Esp. Nouv. Thes. 8); stem ascending,
Slender, branched in the upper part ; branches short, more or less
“
168 SANTALACEA (Hill). [ Thesium.
grooved, glabrous ; leaves small, scattered, lanceolate, acute, recurved,
about 1 lin. long, glabrous ; cymules about 3-flowered ; flowers sessile
or subsessile; bracts and bracteoles ovate, acute, with black tips,
shorter than the flowers, more or less keeled, with membranous
minutely ciliate edges; perianth 2 lin. long; segments oblong-
lanceolate, obtuse, ? lin. long, fleshy, slightly hooded, apex and
margins densely ciliate; anthers exserted from the perianth-tube,
} lin. long ; style 1 lin. long, reaching to the base of the anthers ;
fruit ellipsoid, contracted at the base, 2 lin. long including the
persistent perianth, prominently 10-ribbed from the base, slightly
reticulate between the ribs. .A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 665 ; Sond.
in Flora, 1857, 407. T. parvifolium, A.DC. Esp. Nouv. Thes. 33
Sond. in Flora, 1857, 404; A.DO. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 657.
Coast Recion: Paarl Div.; between Paarl and French Hoek, Drége, 3165!
omer or George Div. ; collected by Mund and distributed by Leklon &
* 52. '. capituliflorum (Sond. in Flora, 1857, 363) ; a low spreading
heath-like shrub, about 6 in. high; branches numerous from the
apex of a rather slender erect rhizome, somewhat angular, glabrous ;
leaves closely adpressed to the stem, with spreading tips, lanceolate,
subulate-acuminate, 3-1 lin. long, convex below, with finely puberu-
lous margins; flowers sessile in small dense clusters at the apex of
the slender branches ;_ bracts ovate-lanceolate, with blackish acum1-
nate tips, shorter than the flowers, keeled, with more or less
membranous fringed margins ; bracteoles similar to the bracts but
a little shorter ; perianth ?~1 lin. long; segments ovate-triangular,
acute, 4-2 lin. long, flat, densely bearded ; anthers } lin. long,
exserted from the perianth-tube ; style about } lin. long; fruits
subglobose, 2 lin. long, including the beak-like closed persistent
perianth, prominently 10-ribbed, conspicuously reticulate between
the ribs. A.DO. in DC. Prodr, xiv. 665.
SoutH Arrica: without locality, Feklon-deLeyher—ti part! ! Zeyher, 194!
Coast Reaton : Tulbagh Div. ; by Tulbagh Waterfall, Zeyher! Ecklon & Zeyher,
18! New Kloof, Schlechter, 7507! Cape Div.; Slang Kop, Wolley-Dod, 3188!
near Cape Town, Bergius! Harvey, 107 | Kenilworth Race Course, Bolus, 7046 !
Camps Bay, Burchell, 380! Cape Flats, Burchell, 8560! Caledon Div.; near
Genadendal, Dréye, 8169! Hawston, Schlechter, 9472! Grabouw, near Palmiet
River, Bolus, 4205! Great Houw Hoek, Zeyher, S811 T
CrenTRAL Rearon : Ceres Div.; near Ceres, Bolus, 9651 !
53. T. cuspidatum (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 26); @
low much-branched woody subshrub ; stem much-branched from the
apex of a slender suberect rhizome, subterete, glabrous ; branches
slightly ribbed; leaves few and scattered, the lower acicular, with
a subacute cartilaginous apex, about } in. long, subterete, glabrous ;
the upper suberect and more or less adpressed to the stem, triangular-
lanceolate, acute, about 2 lin. long; flowers glomerate at the ends
of the branchlets, subcorymbose ; bracts and bracteoles crowded,
]
Thesium. | SANTALACE (Hill). 169
the former obovate-elliptic, cuspidate-acuminate, nearly as long as
the flowers, with membranous subscarious margins; bracteoles
similar to the bracts but smaller and a little narrower ; perianth
1-1} lin. long ; segments lanceolate-triangular, acute, hooded, with
a woolly apical beard ; anthers } lin. long, included in the perianth-
tube ; style 4-1 lin. long, stout, reaching to or above the base of
the anthers ; fruits ellipsoid-globose, long-beaked with the persistent
perianth, 2 lin. long, prominently 10-ribbed especially at the base,
conspicuously reticulate between the ribs. 7’. capituliflorum, Sond.,
var. Sond. in Flora, 1857, 363, as to Zeyher, 47; A.DC. in DC.
Prodr. xiv. 665.
Coast Rrcion: Cape Div. ; south-west part of Devils Peak, Wilms, 3611!
Caledon Div. ; Zwart Berg, Zeyher, 47! Bredasdorp Div.; Elim, 500 ft.,
Schlechter, 7664 in Herb. Bolus! 7666 in Herb. Berlin! Riet Fontein Poort, near
Elim, 150 ft., Bolus, 8597!
04. T. rariflorum (Sond. in Flora, 1857, 364) ; stems ascending
or straggling, slender, slightly angular, glabrous; leaves few,
acicular, subacute, 4-1 in. long, about } lin. thick, fleshy, glabrous ;
flowers solitary or subsolitary at the ends of short lateral cymules ;
bracts adnate to the peduncle, as long as or sometimes considerably
longer than the flowers, linear-lanceolate, acute, 14-3 lin. long, with
narrowly membranous margins, glabrous; bracteoles a little shorter
than the flowers but otherwise very similar to the bracts ; perianth
about 1 lin. long ; segments }—3 lin. long, ovate, subacute, flat, with
a dense apical beard ; anthers inserted at the base of or low down
in the tube, } lin. long; style } lin. long, reaching to the top of
the anthers, or almost wanting; fruits ellipsoid-globose, shortly
contracted at the base, prominently 10-ribbed, slightly reticulate
between the ribs, capped by the persistent closed perianth. T.
Maximiliani, Schlechter in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. 119.
Coast Reaion : Tulbagh Div. ; Tulbagh Waterfall, 1500 ft., Ecklon & Zeyher,
55! Schlechter, 9063! Caledon Div. ; Vogelgat, 300 ft., Se 31!
55. T. Zeyheri (A.DC. Esp. Nouv. Thes. 8); a subshrub, more
or less prostrate, much-branched ; main stem stout and knotty ;
branches short, crowded, closely grooved, with sharp scabrous
ridges ; leaves linear, flat on the upper surfaces, with slightly
recurved subacute tips, 3-5 lin. long, keeled, with scabrous keel
and margins ; flowers single and terminal or 2~5 in a fairly lax
terminal cyme ; bracts shorter than the flowers, linear, acute, 1-2
lin, long, keeled, with scabrous margins; bracteoles sometimes
slightly longer than the bracts, otherwise similar to them ; perianth
2-2} lin. long ; segments linear-lanceolate, subacute, 1} lin. long,
densely hairy within the apex ; anthers partly exserted from the
perianth-tube, 4 lin. long; style 1} lin. long, reaching nearly
to the top of the anthers; fruits oblong, 3 lin. long, prominently
10-ribbed, conspicuously reticulate between the ribs, green when
dry. A.DC.in DC. Prodr. xiv. 666; Sond. in Flora, 1857, 407.
170 SANTALACE (Hill). [ Thesium.
T. transgariepinum, Sond. in Flora, 1857, 356. 7’. longirestre,
Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1897, 345, et ex A. W. Hill in Kew Bull. 1910,
186. T. Schlechteri, A. W. Hill in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi-i. 415.
Coast REGION: Queenstown Div. ; doleritic kopje on the bank of Komani
River, near Queenstown, 3600 ft., Galpin, 2157 !
CentraL Recion: Aliwal North Div.; Elands Hoek, near Aliwal North,
4600 ft., Bolus, 285! foot of the Witberg Range at Nieuwjaars Spruit, between
the Orange and Caledon Rivers, 4000-5000 ft., Zeyher !
Eastern Recion ? locality uncertain, probably near Harrismith, Wood, 4818!
Also in Tropical Africa.
56. T. cytisoides (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 27);
stems few from a branched rhizome, erect, strongly sulcate and
ribbed, glabrous ; branches erect, somewhat sparingly leafy; leaves
narrowly linear-acicular, acute, 4—6 lin. long, about } lin. thick,
verrucose when dry with a prominent thick midrib on the upper
surface ; flowers solitary at the ends of the shoots, sessile ; bracts
partly adnate to the peduncle, linear, about as long as the flowers ;
bracteoles shorter than the flowers, linear-subulate, fleshy, glabrous ;
perianth 1} lin, long ; segments ovate-lanceolate, } lin. long, hooded,
with a small apical beard of a few long hairs ; anthers exserted from
the perianth-tube, } lin. long; style } lin. long; fruits ellipsoid,
23 lin. long, reddish-brown when dry and strongly ribbed, but not
reticulate between the ribs.
Katanari Region: Transvaal ; Waterval Onder, Jenkins !
57. T. Burchellii (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 24) ;
shrubby ; main branches (or stem ?) slightly angular, light-brown,
glabrous ; lateral branchlets rather densely leafy ; leaves linear or
linear-acicular, with a short cartilaginous acute apex, 34-4 lin.
long, subterete or somewhat angular, glabrous ; flowers solitary or
subsolitary at the ends of the branchlets; bracts longer than the
flowers, linear, very similar to the leaves; bracteoles as long as or
a little longer than the flowers; perianth 1 lin. long, with no
external glands; segments ovate-elliptic, subacute, } lin. long,
hooded, bearded; anthers exserted from the perianth-tube, } lin.
long ; style } lin. long, reaching to the top of the anthers; fruits
ellipsoid, acute at the base, 3 lin. long, strongly 10-ribbed, reticulate
between the ribs,
Katanari Region: Bechuanaland ; near the source of Kuruman River, at
Little Klibbolikhonni, Burchell, 2504!
58. T. repandum (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 39); @
spreading branched shrublet, about 6 in. high ; root erect, slender,
with very long light straw-coloured horizontally spreading lateral
rootlets ; stems spreading and ascending, 3 or 4 from the apex of
the root, prominently ridged, glabrous; leaves sparse, recurved,
acicular, acute, 3-5 lin. long, about } lin. thick, glabrous; flowers —
3-4 in small clusters at the ends of the shoots, sessile ; bracts
‘inconspicuous, scarcely half the length of the flowers, ovate OF
Thesium. | SANTALACE& (Hill). ye |
lanceolate, acutely acuminate, with more or less membranous
margins, glabrous ; bracteoles about 3? the length of the bracts but
otherwise very similar to them; perianth 3-1 lin, long ; segments
ovate, subacute, flat, not hooded, } lin. long, margin and apex with
a beard of long hairs; anthers included in the perianth-tube,
slightly over } lin. long; stigma subsessile or supported on a very
short style; fruits oblong-globose, contracted and stipitate at the
base, 14 lin. long, fairly prominently ribbed, reticulate between the
ribs, reddish-brown when dry.
Coast REGIon : Malmesbury Diy. ; neighbourhood of Hopefield, between Lilie-
fontein and Rondekuil, Bachmann, 2195!
99. T. glaucescens (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 29);
shrubby ; branches 1-2 ft. long, diffuse, rosy-glaucous, glabrous ;
branchlets divaricate, nearly leafless, subterete ; leaves very small,
and few, linear, obtuse, 3-1} lin. long, rigid, glabrous; flowers few
in clusters at the ends of the branchlets; bracts inconspicuous,
much shorter than the flowers, lanceolate, subacute, concave on the
upper surface, glabrous ; bracteoles very small; perianth cylindric,
¢ lin. long; segments lanceolate, subobtuse, 2 lin. long, with an
apical beard of long hairs; anthers exserted from the perianth-
tube, 4 lin. long; style 4 lin. long, reaching above the anthers ;
fruits ovoid, 2 ge long, strongly 10-ribbed, glaucous and finely
reticulate between the ribs.
Coast REecion: Swellendam Div.; dry plains by the Zondereinde River,
Burchell, 7513 !
—~ 60. T. hispidulum (Lam. ex Sond. in Flora, 1857, 363) ; stems
much-branched, suleate, woody, scabrid-puberulous ; branchlets
more or less dichotomously forked, scabrid-puberulous; leaves
recurved, acicular, acutely mucronate, about 34 lin. long, glabrous
or puberulous like the stems ; flowers few and crowded at the ends
of the shoots, subsessile; bracts and bracteoles crowded, with
puberulous margins ; perianth 1-1} lin. long; segments 3-3 lin.
long, lanceolate, subacute, hooded, and with a dense apical beard ;
anthers included in the perianth-tube, } lin. long ; style { lin. long,
reaching to the base of the anthers; fruits subglobose, 2 lin. long
including the persistent perianth, prominently 10-ribbed, strikingly
reticulate between the ribs. A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 671. Tf.
hispidulum, var. glabratum, Sond. in Flora, 1857, 363, not T. panicu-
latum, Thunb. Herb. and Prodr. 45 ( fide Sond. l.c.), nor T. selagineum,
A.DC. fide Sond. in Flora, 1857, 404. T. hispidum, Schlechter in Fngl.
Jahrb, xxiv. 452.
=~ VaR. B, subglabrum (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 30); plants very
minutely hairy ; perianth and anthers larger than in the type ; glands well
marked. I. conostylum, Schlechter in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. 117.
Coast REGIon: Clanwilliam Div. ; Foot of Krakadouw Pass, 2790 ft., Diels,
934! Piquetberg Div.; east side of Pikeniers Pass, Pearson, 5218! foot of
Piquet Berg, 980 ft., Schlechter. ! Tulbagh Div.; New Kloof, 450 ift.,
Schlechter, 7486 ! near Ore - schlechter, 10667 ! Tulbagh, Pappe! East.
172 SANTALACE® (Hill). | Thesium.
from Wolseley, 740 ft., Diels, 1027! Tulbagh Kloof, Ecklon! Tulbagh Waterfall,
Ecklon! Var. B: Clanwilliam Div. : Blaw Berg, 1200 ft., Schlechter, 8451! hills
near Clanwilliam, 800 ft., Leipoldt, 500!
61. T. prostratum (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 38); stems
numerous, prostrate from the apex of a slender erect rootstock,
glabrous, terete ; branchlets ascending, very slender, sparingly leafy ;
leaves acicular, subacute, terete, 4-64 lin. long, fleshy, glabrous ;
flowers glomerate at the ends of the branchlets ; bracts equalling
or longer than the flowers, linear or linear-lanceolate, subacute,
glabrous ; perianth about } lin. long; segments triangular, acute,
nearly } lin. long, apex and margins above bearded with papille ;
anthers exserted from the perianth-tube, } lin. long; style nearly
4 lin. long, reaching to the middle or top of the anthers ; fruits
ovoid-globose, 1} lin. long, conspicuously 10-ribbed, rather delicately
reticulate between the ribs.
CentraL Recion: Ceres Diy. ; Skurfdeberg Range, near Gydouw, 5000 ft.,
Schlechter, 10008 !
62. T. acuminatum (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 22) ; root-
stock slender, erect, subterete, about 1 lin. thick ; stems numerous
from the apex of the rootstock, spreading or ascending, subterete,
glabrous ; leaves acicular, acute, }—1 in. long, subterete, glabrous ;
flowers in rather dense terminal clusters; bracts triangular-
lanceolate, acute, fleshy, 1-14 lin. long, glabrous ; bracteoles about
half the length of the flowers ; perianth-segments ? lin. long, linear-
lanceolate, with long acicular points, with a densely adpressed
beard in the lower part ; anthers included in and at the base of the
perianth-tube, } lin. long ; style 1 lin. long ; fruits ovoid-globose,
about 2 lin. long including the long persistent perianth, rather
faintly ribbed and reticulate.
Sourn Arrica: wi i ! Reynoud, € . Kunth in
is ne A: without locality, Hooker, 608! Reynoud, ex herb. K
Coast ReGion: Cape Div.; near Noahs Ark Battery, Simonstown, Wolley-D od,
2806 ! 3016! Simons Bay, Wright, 536! hills west of Simonstown, Wolley-Dod,
1879! Muizen Berg, 1000 ft., Bolus, 8040! Constantia Berg, 2000 ft., Schlechter,
543! Steenberg Flats, Wolley-Dod, 2741 !
63. T. selagineum (A.DC. Esp. Nouv. Thes. 3) ; branches slender
and straggling, slightly angular or subterete, very minutely pube-
rulous ; leaves all recurved, acicular, flattened on the upper surface,
subterete, acute, 2 lin. long or less, glabrous; flowers sessile 1n
small clusters at the apices of the shoots; bracts and bracteoles
about equal in length to the flowers, linear-lanceolate, acute to
acuminate ; perianth with conspicuous external glands between the
segments, 3 lin. long ; segments triangular-ovate, obtuse, 3 lin. long,
shortly bearded, with papillose margins ; anthers exserted from the
perianth-tube, 1 lin. long; style stout, } lin. long, reaching to the
middle of the anthers ; fruit ovoid-ellipsoid, contracted at the base,
1} lin. long, slightly 10-ribbed, distinctly reticulate between the
lies Uh
j
:
Thesium. | SANTALACEA (Hill). 173
ribs. A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 658; Sond. in Flora, 1857, 404.
T. thunbergianum, A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 666. TT. panicu-
latum, Thunb. Herb.; Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 210, partly; ?not of
Prodr. 45 nor of Linn.
Coast Recion: Piquetberg Div. ; Piquetberg, 1725 ft., Drége, 8172! Schlechter,
aa : _ Niemnentar Div.; near De Doorns, Hex River Valley, 1700 ft,., Bolus,
CenTRaL Reeion: Ceres Div. ; Bockberg in Upsala Herbarium !
— 64. T. capitellatum (A.DC. Esp. Nouv. Thes. 7); shrubby,
about 1 ft. high, much-branched; branches ascending, somewhat
angular, glabrous; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, acute or
subacute, slightly curved, 2-3 lin. long, concave on the upper
surface, rigid, fleshy, glabrous ; flowers few in small dense terminal
heads; bracts lanceolate, acute, keeled, fleshy, as long as the
flowers, with slightly scabrous membranous greenish margins,
becoming quite black with age ; bracteoles a little smaller than the
bracts; perianth tubular, fleshy, 1 lin. long, with conspicuous
external glands ; segments ovate, subacute, fleshy, $ lin. long, with
a dense apical beard ; anthers inserted in or at the base of the tube,
} lin. long ; stigma sessile or subsessile, or about +); lin. long and
reaching to the base of the anthers ; fruits ovoid-ellipsoid, 2-2 lin.
long, prominently 10-ribbed, finely reticulate between the ribs.
A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 664. T. brachycephalum, Sond. in
Flora, 1857, 360, 406. TT. foveolatum, Schlechter in Engl. Jahrb.
xxvii. 119.
Coast Reaion: Paarl Diy. ; French Hoek ! 3600 ft., Schlechter, 9348! Stellen-
bosch Div. ; Flor. Ful. 87 in Stockholm Herbarium! Caledon Div. ; Zwart Berg,
Ecklon & Zeyher, 4! Bredasdorp Div. ; Elim, 500 ft., Schlechter, 7664 !
65. T. imbricatum (Thunb. Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 208); a much-
branched conifer-like shrub with stout stem and branches closely
beset with the persistent bases of the leaves ; branchlets densely
leafy, slightly scabrous; leaves opposite, linear, triangular in
section, flat above, sharply keeled below, with a light-coloured
cartilaginous acute apex, thick and rigid, 14-4 lin. long, about
+ lin. long, with finely scabridulous margins; flowers in few-
flowered terminal heads ; bracts similar to the leaves; bracteoles
narrower, shorter than the flowers; perianth about 2 lin. long;
segments triangular, acute, 1-1} lin. long, bearded inside ; anthers
3-4 lin. long; inserted at top of perianth-tube ; style } lin. long,
reaching to the middle of the anthers ; fruits oblong-ovoid, 3 lin.
long, including the thick closed perianth, obtusely 10-ribbed, not or
scarcely reticulate between the ribs. Sonder in Flora, 1857, 355;
A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 672 (among excluded species). 7.
abietinum, Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1897, 282.
Sour Arrica : without locality, Thunberg ! ety
Coast Recion: Queenstown Div. ; Kliplaat, Zeyher, 38! summit of the
Andriesberg Range, 6600-6800 ft., Galpin, 2172!
ie
174 SANTALACE& (Hill). [ Thesium.
CENTRAL Recion: Graaff Reinet Div. ; Oude Berg near Graaff Reinet, 4400 ft.,
Bolus, 637! Phillipstown Div. ; near Riet Fontein, Waschbanks River, Burchell,
2724!
EasTERN Recion: Tembuland ; Gat Berg, Intwanazana, 4000 ft., Baur, 518!
Natal ; Niginya, 5500 ft., Wylie in Herb. Wood, 10532 !
Kaanart Recion: Basutoland, Cooper, 699 !
—~ 66. T. junceum (Bernh. in Flora, 1845, 80); stems branched from
the base or in the upper part, whip-like, sulcate, glabrous ; branches
ascending, stiff and often elongated ; lower leaves very few, rarely
present, terete, about # in. long, glabrous; flowers arranged in
rather slender loose spikes ; bracts ochreate, ovate-lanceolate, very
acute, }-1 lin. long, keeled, with broad scurfy jagged membranous
margins, glabrous ; bracteoles 2, shorter than the flower, narrower
than the bracts but otherwise similar ; perianth about 1 lin. long ;
segments triangular, acute, J—2 lin. long, their inner surface white
and fleshy, with a dense apical woolly beard ; anthers included in
the perianth-tube, } lin. long; stigma sessile or supported on an
extremely short style ; fruits ellipsoid-globose, 2 lin. long, 14 Jin. in
diam., prominently 10-ribbed, especially in the lower part, faintly
reticulate between the ribs. A.DOC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 669, partly,
excl. syn. ; Sond. in Flora, 1857, 406.
Var. 8, mammosum (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 33); differing from the
typical form in having a large fleshy protuberance from the inside of each perianth-
segment over the anthers.
Var. +, plantagineum (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 33) ; characterised by
‘the dense spikes resembling those of Plantayo maritima.
Coast Recion: Clanwilliam Div.; near Brakfontein, Ecklon & Zeyher, £
partly! Humansdorp Div.; Zitzikama, Krauss, 1804!’ Kruistontem, 500 ft,
‘Galpin, 4551! Uitenhage Div. ; Van Stadens Berg, Ecklon & Zeyher, 46! Albany
Div.; near Grahamstown, MacOwan, 690! Bathurst Div.; near Katfir Drift,
er 3868! Var. 8: Port Elizabeth Div. ; Port Elizabeth,. Mrs. Paterson,
Eastern Recion: Transkei; Var. y: Kentani, 1000 ft., Miss Pegler, 878,
partly ! near the mouth of the Qolora River, Miss Pegler, 1302!
- 67. T. natalense (Sond. in Flora, 1857, 358); stems few and
erect from a short knotty rhizome, branched in the upper third or
half, nearly leafless, longitudinally sulcate, {-1 lin. thick, glabrous ;
leaves very few and closely adpressed to the stem, linear, 1—2 lin.
long, glabrous ; flowers borne on the primary branches, spicate ;
spikes slender, suberect, slightly flexuous towards the apex, loose-
flowered, glabrous ; bracts shorter than the flowers, subulate from
an ovate-triangular base, 1-1} lin. long, keeled, with seurfy
membranous margins ; bracteoles similar to the bracts but a little
shorter ; perianth about 1} lin. long ; segments elliptic, subacute,
flat, ? lin. long, with a dense woolly apical beard and _ hairy
margins ; anthers included in the perianth-tube, or partly exserted ;
stigma sessile or supported on an extremely short style; fruits
rather long-stipitate, ellipsoid, quite 3 lin. long, with numerous
€onspicuous ribs, prominently reticulate between the ribs.
Thesium.} SANTALACE (Hill). 175
macrostachyum, A.DC. Esp. Nouv. Thes. 6, partly, and in DC. Prodr.
xiv. 669, partly.
Kavanwart Region: Transvaal; Shilovane, Junod, 749! near Lydenburg,
4800 ft., Schlechter, 3953 !
Eastern ReGion: Natal; near Durban, Gueinzius, 407! Inanda, Wood, 168 !
173! 242! Dalton, 3300 ft., Rudatis, 14! Clairmont, 50 ft., Wood, 4920 !
Schlechter, 3064! and without precise locality, Gerrard, 204!
68. T. scirpioides (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 40);
stems woody, rather numerous and erect from the apex of a many-
headed woody rhizome, branched from near the base or in the
upper part, conspicuously sulcate, glabrous, leafless ; flowers borne
on loose erect spikes, the latter forming a loose corymb; bracts
scaly, much shorter than the flowers, broadly ovate, acute or acutely
acuminate, 3-1 lin. long, keeled, with brown narrowly membranous
margins, glabrous; bracteoles similar to the bracts but a little
shorter ; perianth 1} lin. long; segments triangular, acute, flat,
} lin. long, with a dense apical woolly beard and hairy margins ;
anther included in the perianth-tube, } lin. long; stigma sessile or
almost so; fruits slightly contracted at the base, ellipsoid-globose,
3 lin. long, 1} lin. in. diam., rather faintly 10-ribbed, scarcely
reticulate between the ribs.
Katanari Rection: Orange River Colony ; Harrismith, 5500 ft., Sankey, 249!
Besters Vlei, near Witszies Hoek, 5400 ft., Bolus, 8248! and without precise
locality, Cooper, 834!
Eastern Recion: Griqualand East; near Kokstad, 4300 ft., Tyson, 1535!
Natal ; by the Mooi River, 4000 ft., Wood, 4066!
This species is nearly allied to 7. natalense, Sond., but is distinguished by its
stout stiff erect branches and broader leaves and bracts with their brown narrowly
membranous margins. As in 7’, natalense, the beard of the perianth-segments is
composed of flexuous woolly hairs.
69. T. paronychioides (Sond. in Flora, 1857, 359); a small
slender plant about 5 in. high ; branches numerous from the apex
of a very slender erect rootstock, slender, prominently verrucose
when dry, otherwise glabrous; leaves few, linear, obtuse or sub-
acute, 24-3 lin. long, flat on the upper surface, glabrous ; flowers —
loosely spicate ; bracts ochreate, scale-like, broadly ovate, acutely
acuminate, sharply keeled, with very broad hyaline scurfy margins ;
bracteoles 2, similar to the bracts but a little shorter ; perianth
3-$ lin. long; segments lanceolate, subacute, about } lin. long,
deeply hooded, bearded with stout stiff hairs; anthers included in
the perianth-tube or slightly exserted, about } lin. long; stigma
capitate, sessile or subsessile ; fruits ellipsoid-globose, 2 lin. long,
strongly 10-ribbed, faintly reticulate between the ribs. T. junceum,
A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 669, partly, not of Bernh.
Coast Region: Swellendam and George Div.; collected by Mund in Ecklon &
low distribution of Thesium, 13! George Div.; hill near George, Schlechter,
2428 ! :
176 SANTALACEA (Hill). { Thesium.
= 70. T. flexuosum (A.DC. Esp. Nouv. Thes. 6) ; a tall rather strag-
gling plant about 1 ft. high, often with whip-like branches; branches
longitudinally sulcate, glabrous ; leaves very few, acicular, subterete,
acute, about 5 lin. long, fleshy, glabrous ; flowers in fairly close and
rather stout spikes; bracts spreading, ovate-lanceolate, acutely
acuminate, about 1 lin. long, sharply keeled, with broad hyaline
scurfy margins ; bracteoles similar to the bracts but a little narrower 5
perianth about 1 lin. long; segments lanceolate, acute, }—3 lin.
long, with a long hood, bearded with straight hairs; anthers
partly exserted and partly included in the tube, } lin. long;
style 4 lin. long, reaching to the middle of the anthers; fruits
ellipsoid-globose, about 24 lin. long, beaked by the very long cone-
like persistent perianth, prominently 10-ribbed, clearly reticulate
between the ribs. A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 669. T. spicatum,
Drege in Linnea, xx. 211, not of Linn. T. junceum, Sond, in Flora,
1857, 359, partly, not of Bernh.
Coast Recron: Constantia Berg, 2700 ft., Schlechter, 519! Oudtshoorn Div. +
Oudtshoorn, 1100 ft., Bolus, 12275! Humansdorp Div.; near Gamtoos River,
164 ft., Schlechter, 6051! Uitenhage Div.; near Zwartkops River, Zeyher, 184!
3796 partly! Leklon & Zeyher, 91, Redhouse, Mrs. Paterson, 52! Bathurst Div.;
Glenfilling, Drége, partly ! near Round Hill, 1000 ft., Bolus, 10652!
CentRaL Recion: Graaff Reinet Div.: mountains near Graaff Reinet, Bolus,
813! 1948*! Camdeboo, Dunn!
71. T. spartioides (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 41); @
small wiry plant about 5 in. high; rootstock about 23 lin. thick,
with forked branches; stems several, ascending, very slender,
terete, simple or sparingly branched, glabrous.; leaves closely
adpressed to the stem, subulate-lanceolate, acutely acuminate, 1-1}
lin. long, convex on the back, glabrous ; flowers rather crowd
towards the ends of axillary branches; bracts scale-like, ovate
lanceolate, acuminate, about half as long as the flowers, with
minutely fringed edges ; bracteoles similar to the bracts but a little
narrower ; flowers sessile within the bracts; perianth } lin. long;
segments about 4 lin. long, triangular, acute or acuminate, bearded -
anthers } lin. long, exserted from the perianth-tube ; style } lin.
long, reaching to the middle of the anthers ; fruits small, subglobose,
about 14 lin. long including the persistent perianth, conspicuously
10-ribbed, finely reticulate between the ribs.
Katanart Recion: Transvaal; on the hills near Brug Spruit, 4600 ft.,
Schlechter, 3754!
72. T. confine (Sond. in Flora, 1857, 363); stems numerous,
branching, arising from a woody rootstock ; rootstock slender, ub-
terete, about 14 lin. thick ; branches very slender, whip-like, grey;
subterete, glabrous ; leaves scale-like, adpressed to or parallel wit
the stem, subulate-lanceolate, 1-2} lin. long, glabrous; flowers
few in short spikes ; bracts shorter than the flowers, lanceolate, long
and acutely acuminate, about 1 lin, long, fleshy in the middle, with
~
Thesium. | SANTALACE (Hill). 177
membranous jagged margins ; bracteoles similar to the bracts but
a little shorter ; perianth 1} lin. long ; segments ? lin. long, lanceo-
late, acute, flat, with a long apical beard ; anthers partly exserted
from the perianth-tube, 2 lin. long; style } lin. long, reaching
nearly to the top of the anthers ; fruits ellipsoid, 2 lin. long, pro-
minently 10-ribbed, faintly reticulate between the ribs, more or less
glaucous-green. A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 665.
Katanarr Recion: Orange River Colony; near Nieuwjaars Spruit, between
the Orange and Caledon Rivers, Zeyher ! Bloemfontein, under shade of trees and
shrubs, Grey College Herb. 76 in Herb. Bolus! Leeuw Spruit and Vredefort,
Barrett-Hamilton in Herb. British Museum !
73. T. griseum (Sond. in Flora, 1857, 357) ; whole plant very finely
scabrid-puberulous; stems numerous, short and ascending from a
short rhizome, simple or sparingly branched ; leaves linear, acute or
subacute, 2—5 lin. long, convex below ; flowers arranged in fairly
dense terminal spikes ; bracts lanceolate, subacute, about as long as
the flowers, sometimes almost verrucose ; bracteoles a little shorter
than the bracts, but otherwise very similar ; perianth 1 lin. long ;
segments triangular-lanceolate, subacute, with a few long apical
hairs on the inside ; anthers exserted from the perianth-tube, } lin.
long ; style stout, } lin. long, reaching to the base of the anthers ;
fruits not seen. A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 670.
CEenTRAL Recion: Graaff Reinet Div.; Camdeboo, Dunn in Herb. Bolus!
Nieuwjaars Spruit, between the Orange River and Caledon River at the foot of
the Witberg Range, Zeyher !
74, T. transvaalense (Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1897, 432);
rhizome often several-headed, stout; stems slender, ascending,
densely leafy, finely and rather densely and shortly pubescent with
Spreading or slightly recurved hairs; leaves mostly more or less
parallel with the shoot, linear-subulate, very acute, 1}—2 lin. long,
convex on the back, rather minutely but conspicuously ciliate and
puberulous ; flowers in short spikes, overtopped by the same year’s
leafy shoot, with the ovary conspicuously pubescent ; bracts longer
than or equal to the flowers, similar to the leaves, often incurved ;
bracteoles shorter than the flowers or about as long; perianth 1}
lin. long, slightly pubescent outside; segments narrowly lanceolate,
acute, } lin. long, with a dense apical beard ; anthers half exserted
from the perianth-tube, } lin. long; style a little over 4 lin. long,
reaching to the base of the anthers; fraits ovoid-globose, 2 lin.
long, pubescent, strongly 10-ribbed, reticulate between the ribs.
Katanarr Reaion: Transvaal; Jeppes Town Ridges, Johannesburg, 6000 ft.,
Gilfillan in Herb, Galpin, 6068 ! Elandsfontein, 5500 ft., Gilfillan im Herb, Galpin,
1419! Magaliesberg Range, Burke! Hoekemoer Spruit near Klerksdorp, Nelson,
249! near Modderfontein, 4500 ft., Miss Nation, 39! Jenkins! Elsburg, 5900 ft.,
Schlechter, 3542! Aapies Poort, Rehmann, 4009! Klippan, Boschveld, Rehmann,
5212! near Pretoria, Burtt-Davy, 781! Miss Leendertz, 255! near Irene, Burtt-
Davy, 2306
FL. C.—VOL. V.—SsECT. 10. N
178 SANTALACEA (Hill). | Zhesiune.
75. T. gnidiaceum (A.DC. Esp. Nouv. Thes. 7); stems and
branches ascending, very densely leafy ; leaves erect, subulate, with
very acute rigid cartilaginous whitish apex, flat on the upper
surface, slightly rounded below, 1-3 lin. long, usually slightly
scabrous ; flowers in rather dense terminal spikes ; bracts shorter
than the open flowers, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, with an
acuminate subulate very acute apex, finely scabrid-puberulous on
the margin, very slightly keeled; bracteoles similar to the bracts
but narrower; perianth 11-1? lin. long, with distinct external
glands ; segments linear or linear-lanceolate, subacute, ?-1} lin.
long, flat, with a dense apical beard ; anthers almost wholly included
in the perianth-tube, about } lin. long ; style very short or almost
absent; fruits ovoid-globose, 2} lin. long, prominently 10-ribbed,
very prominently or almost honeycombed-reticulate. A.DC. in DC.
Prodr. xiv. 662. T. imbricatum, E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pfl. Docu-
mente, 132, notof Thunb. T. Dregei, Sond. in Flora, 1857, 356, 406.
Var. B, Zeyheri (Sond. in Flora, 1857, 356); leaves acute, glabrous, with
recurved tips ; bracts rather broader than in the type with almost glabrous margins.
A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 662.
Coasr Recion: Uitenhage Div. ; Addo, 1000-2000 ft., Drége a! Hebden 5
Albany Div.; near Grahamstown, Burchell, 3541! Bolus, 1912! MacOwan, 45!
Guthrie, 3319! Schinland, 57! Between Coldstream and Grahamstown, 2000 ft.,
Bolus, 3594! Krebs, 386! Fort Beaufort Div. ; Cooper, 419! Queenstown Div. ;
Queenstown, Cooper, 3095! British Kaffraria; Keiskamma Hoek, Cooper, 236!
Var. 8: Caledon Div. ; Zwart Berg and Zondereinde River, Zeyher, 3807 !
76. T. phyllostachyum (Sond. in Flora, 1857, 355); a small
shrublet, many-stemmed, erect ; branches leafy, slender, glabrous ;
leaves linear, recurved in the upper part, acutely mucronate, 14-2
lin. long, flat on the upper surface, rounded below, glabrous ;
flowers in lax spikes, with a leafy shoot above which turns black
when dry ; bracts linear, acute, shorter or longer than the flowers,
concave on the upper side, slightly keeled below ; bracteoles about
two-thirds as long as to nearly as long as the bracts, but otherwise
very similar; perianth 1-1} lin. long, with conspicuous large
external glands; segments linear-lanceolate, obtuse or subacute,
3-1 lin. long, densely bearded in the upper portion ; anthers about
¢ lin, long, included in the perianth-tube ; style } lin. long or almost
absent ; fruits ovoid, 2} lin. long, conspicuously 10-ribbed, slightly
reticulate between the ribs. A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 670.
Coast Recion: Riversdale Div. ; Garcias Pass, Galpin, 4540! near Riversdale,
Schlechter, 1886! Mossel Bay Div. ; between Duyker River and Gouritz River,
Burchell, 6394! George Div. ; Zwarteberg Range, Bolus, 2455! Knysna Div. ;
Outeniqua Mountains, Bolus, 2455! Uitenhage Div.; between Port Elizabeth
and the Zwartkops River, Zeyher, 3800!
77. T. impeditum (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 32); stems
tufted from the apex of a rhizome, slender, simple or sparingly
branched, slightly angular, glabrous; leaves linear, with acute
recurved tips, 2-7 lin. long, flat, rather thick, glabrous ; flowers 10 —
lax spikes, solitary in the axil of each bract ; bracts slightly adnate
Thesium. | SANTALACE& (Hill). 179
to or free from the peduncle, linear, with acute recurved tips, as
long as or slightly exceeding the flower, flat on the upper surface,
glabrous ; bracteoles half as long as the flowers or slightly more,
otherwise similar to the bracts ; perianth 1-1} lin. long ; segments
narrowly lanceolate, subacute, 3-1 lin. long, densely bearded ;
anthers about } lin. long, exserted from the perianth-tube ; style
+ lin. long, reaching to a little below or above the base of the
anthers ; fruits ellipsoid-globose, 24 lin. long including the persistent
perianth, prominently 10-ribbed, purplish, distinctly reticulate
between the ribs. 7’. sonderianum, Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1898,
376, as to Bolus, 526.
Var. 8, rasum (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 32); differs from the type
in the beard of the perianth-segments being very small and of few short hairs.
Coast REGION: Queenstown Div. ; on a kopje near Queenstown, 3600 ft.,
(ralpin, 2157, partly ! Galpin, 1545! Kolbe! Hangklip, 5600 ft., Galpin, 5856!
Mund & Maire!
Centra Recon: Graaff Reinet Div. ; Sneeuwberg Range, near Graaff Reinet,
4600 ft., Bolus, 526, partly ! : cae
Katanart REaion : Orange River Colony ; Besters Vlei, near Witszies Hoek,
5400 ft., Bolus, 8249! Var. 8: Transvaal; near Pretoria, Rehmann, 4544!
Zuikerbosch Rand, Schlechter, 3507 !
Eastern Region: Natal; near Durban, 3000-4000 ft., Sutherland! near
Estcourt, 4920 ft., Schlechter, 3357 !
Galpin, 2157, was made the type of 7. longirostre, Schlechter (= T. Zeyheri,
A.DC.); the specimen under this number at Kew was sent to Kew by
Mr. Galpin, and though from the same kopje as 2157 in Herb. Schlechter, is not
part of the original gathering and is quite a distinct plant. Bolus, 526, in Herb.
Stockholm is identical with this species, though this number is included by
Schlechter under 7’, sonderianum.
78. T. magalismontanum (Sond. in Flora, 1857, 358); stems
few and slender from a slender rhizome, erect or suberect, often
glaucous, faintly sulcate, glabrous ; branches very sparingly leafy ;
flexuous and bearing scattered flowers over nearly their full length ;
leaves linear, subacute, }—3 in. long, often adpressed to the stem,
concave on the side next the stem, mostly glaucous, glabrous ;
flowers solitary in the bract-axils of lax spikes; bracts ovate or
ovate-lanceolate, acutely acuminate, shorter than the open flowers,
slightly warted outside, glaucous-grey ; bracteoles nearly three-
quarters as long as the bracts and very similar to them but
narrower ; perianth with prominent external glands, infundibuli-
form, 3-14 lin. long ; segments elliptic, obtuse or subacute, hooded,
3 lin. long, bearded, with hairy margins ; anthers partly included
in the perianth-tube, 4 lin. long ; style 4—} lin. long, reaching to
above the base or about the middle of the anthers ; fruits broadly
ellipsoid, 2? lin. long, prominently 10-ribbed, slightly glaucous and
conspicuously reticulate between the ribs. T. megalismontanum,
Sond. ea A.DC. in DC. Prodr, xiv. 670.
Katanart Recon: Transvaal; Magaliesberg Range, Zeyher, 1501! Burke!
Zeyher, 1500, ly! Pretoria, Aapies Poort, Rehmann, 4010! Derde Poort,
Miss Leenderts, 375! Pretoria Kopjes, Miss Leendertz, 293! Rustenburg,
Miss Nation, 207! near Warm Baths, Bolus, 12274! ig
180 SANTALACE® (Hill). [ Thesium.
79. T. Burkei (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 24); stems
slender, grass-like, sulcate or ribbed, glabrous ; leaves linear, acute,
about 4 lin. long, slender, glabrous ; flowers arranged in lax racemes
of 1-flowered cymules ; bracts adnate to the apex of the peduncle,
linear, acute, about as long as the flowers, with very minutely
scabrous margins; bracteoles a little shorter than the bracts ;
perianth with distinct external glands, 1-1} lin. long; segments
linear-lanceolate, subacute, 2 lin. long, bearded at the apex, margins
incurved ; anthers exserted from the perianth-tube, } lin. long ;
style about 4 lin. long, reaching to the top of the anthers ; fruits
ovoid-globose, 2 lin. long, strongly 10-ribbed, reticulate between the
ribs. 7’. racemosum, Sond. in Flora, 1857, 357, partly, not of Bernh.
Katanart Recon: Griqualand West; Kimberley, Marloth! Bechuanaland ;
near the sources of, the Kuruman River, Burchell, 2493/1! Barolong Territory,
Holub! Magaliesberg Range, Burlse! Zeyher, 1500, partly! near Pretoria, Burtt-
Davy, 2535! Rehmann, 4544! Boschveld, between Elands River and Klippan,
Rehmann, 5013! by the Komati River, Bolus, 9765! near Komati Poort,
1100 ft. , Schlechter, 11803 ! and without precise locality, Sanderson ! Delagoa Bay,
Tembé, Junod, 325! Natal; near Maritzburg, Schlechter, 3288! coast land,
1150 ft., Sutherland !
This species shows an external resemblance to 7. racemosum, Benth., under
which Sonder has placed Zeyher, 1500. The presence of an apical beard,
however, removes 7’, Burkei from that affinity.
80. T. orientale (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 36); stems
few from the apex of a fairly stout woody rhizome, suberect,
angular and sulcate, glabrous; branches suberect, sparingly leafy ;
leaves linear, acute or subacute, 3-7 lin. long, }—? lin. broad, thick
and fleshy, with very finely scabrous cartilaginous margins, mostly
with a distinct midrib or more or less keeled on the lower surface,
glabrous ; flowers few in leafy racemes, solitary in the bracts;
bracts adnate to the peduncle, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate,
acutely acuminate, longer than the flowers, with distinctly carti-
laginous scabrous margins; bracteoles similar to the bracts but
about half as long; perianth urceolate, with distinct external
glands, about 2 lin. long; segments linear-lanceolate, obtuse, 1-13
lin. long, hooded with a dense woolly apical beard ; anthers included,
reaching to the top of the perianth-tube, 3—} lin. long ; style j lin.
long, reaching to nearly the top of the anthers ; fruits ovoid-ellipsoid,
3 lin. long, conspicuously 10-ribbed, only very slightly reticulate
between the ribs.
Coast Reaion : Stockenstrom Div.; Katberg, Hutton!
Karanart Region: Basutoland, Cooper, 3094 !
Eastern Recion: Tembuland; Tabase, near Bazeia, 2500 ft., Baur, 336,
partly! Griqualand East ; near Kokstad, 4300 ft., Tyson, 3157 !
81. T. macrogyne (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 34);_
stems very short, up to 5 in. high, simple or forked, probably
arising from a rhizome, slender, sulcate or angular, glabrous ; leaves :
linear, with a cartilaginous acute apex, 4-5 lin. long, about } or 3
Thesiwm. | SANTALACE (Hill). 181
lin. broad, slightly keeled below, fairly thick and fleshy, glabrous ;
flowers few, solitary, axillary, very shortly pedunculate; bracts
adnate to the apex of the pedunele, linear, with acutely subulate
apex, equal to or slightly longer than the flowers, deeply concave
on the upper surface, very minutely serrulate on the margin ;
bracteoles as long as the flower, narrower than the bracts ; perianth
white, 2 lin. long, without external glands; segments oblong-
lanceolate, obtuse, 1 lin. long, hooded, flat, densely woolly-bearded ;
anthers partly included in the tube and partly exserted, 2 lin.
long ; style 12 lin. long, longer than the anthers.
KaraHarr Reaion: Orange Free State; Bethlehem, low-lying veld,
Richardson !
= 82. T. lobelioides (A.DC. Esp. Nouv. Thes. 8); stem usually
much-branched in the upper part, suleate, glabrous; branches
ascending or suberecf, purplish or grey, dull and glabrous ; leaves
linear or linear-lanceolate, fleshy, acute, }—} in. long, flat, l-nerved
on the upper surface, glabrous; flowers solitary ; bracts shortly
adnate to the peduncle, much longer than the flowers, keeled ;
bracteoles as long as or slightly longer than the flowers, with
slightly scabrous edges ; perianth 2} lin. long; segments 1} lin.
long, oblong-lanceolate, subacute, densely bearded inside; anthers
slightly exserted, } lin. long; style $—1 lin. long, sometimes reaching
to well above the anthers; young fruits ribbed. A.DC. in DC.
Prodr, xiv. 666. TT. recurvifolium, Sond. in Flora, 1857, 356, 407.
CrntTraL ReGIon : Stockenstrom Div.; by the Kat River, near Philipton, Heklon
& 5!
Eastern Reoion: Natal; Hoffenthal, 4000 ft., Wood, 3574 !
83. T. getzeanum (Engl. in Engl. Jahrb. xxx. 306) ; a subshrub ;
caudex small, thick ; stems erect, 10-12 in. long, numerous, branched,
glaucous, longitudinally grooved ; leaves linear-lanceolate, apex carti-
laginous, 7 lin. long, strongly keeled ; bracts and bracteoles adnate
to the pedicels ; bracteoles 2-24 lin. long ; perianth white, 1-2 lin.
long ; segments triangular, elongate, obtuse, 3-1 lin. long, margin
inflexed, with a dense beard of long hairs at the apex and upper
part of the margins; anthers } lin. long, equal in length to the
filaments; style 3 lin. long; fruit ovoid, with thick prominent
ribs, 13-2 lin. long, 1} lin. broad. Baker and Hill in Dyer, Fi.
Trop. Afr. vi. i. 418. TT. Schweinfurthii, var. lacum, Engl. Pfl. Ost-
Afr. C. 168.
Katanari Rectun: Bechuanaland ; Chooi Desert, Burchell, 2340! Transvaal ;
Heidelberg, 5350 ft., Schlechter, 4792! Houtbosch, 4500-4900 ft., Bolus, 11158 !
11159!
Also in Tropical Africa.
84. T. resedoides (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1910, 187); a
herb or subshrub, perennial, forming low bushes ; rootstock woody ;
182 SANTALACE& (Hill). | Thesium.
stems erect, 6-8 in. high, bearing spreading branches 2—4 in. long,
angled and grooved ; leaves distant, spreading, 3-4 lin. long, subu-
late, acute, with colourless tips ; inflorescences in simple or compound
spikes or racemes ; flowers either single and sessile in the axils of
bracts or borne in short 3-flowered axillary cymes ; bracts lanceo-
late, acute, equal in length to or half as long again as flower, sessile
on axis or adnate to the peduncle; bracteoles springing from the
bract-axil, shorter than the flower; perianth white, about 1} lin.
long ; segments elliptic-ovate, obtuse, 3 lin. long, apex hooded and
with upper part of margin densely bearded ; filaments } lin. long ;
anthers about } lin. long; style 3 lin. long ; fruit ovoid, 14 lin. long,
1 lin. broad, immature, ribs obscure. Baker and Hill in Dyer, Fl.
Trop. Afr. vi. i. 419. T. Welwitschii, Gilg in Baum, Kunene-Samb.
Exped. 230, not of Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 938.
Katauari REGION: Transvaal; Warmbaths, Miss Leendertz, 1335 ! 1353 !
Also in Tropical Africa,
85. T. Junodii (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 33) ; stems
branched from the base; branches ascending, slender, sharply
angular or almost winged, sulcate between the angles, glabrous ;
leaves linear, very acute, 1-} in. long, keeled below, flat or nearly
so and prominently l-nerved on the upper surface, glabrous ;
flowers solitary in the bract axil, subsessile ; bract shortly adnate
to the very short peduncle, longer than the flower, very similar to
the leaves; bracteoles about as long as the flowers, narrowly linear,
acute ; perianth 11 lin. long; segments with conspicuous external
glands, lanceolate, subacute, 3 lin. long, hooded, bearded at the
apex ; anther exserted from the perianth-tube, + lin. long ; style
3-# lin. long, reaching to the middle or top of the anthers ; fruits
elongate-ellipsoid, about 2 lin. long including the persistent perianth,
with fairly conspicuous ribs and reticulation.
Sovru Arrica: without locality, Wahlberg! in Stockholm Herbarium.
Katanart Recion: Transvaal ; Shilovane, Junod, 1301 !
86. T. coriarium (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 24); stems
solitary or subsolitary from a small knotty rhizome, sparingly
branched, erect, about 4 in. high, strongly ribbed, somewhat glaucous,
glabrous ; leaves few, linear, obtuse or subacute, 4-6 lin. long,
{-l lin. broad, slightly keeled below, slightly glaucous, glabrous,
thick and fleshy ; flowers white, few in loose racemes, solitary in the
bracts ; bracts adnate to the short (up to 1 lin. long) peduncle,
elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse, more or less boat-shaped, with smooth
margins, longer than the flowers, entire ; bracteoles about two-
thirds as long as the bracts; perianth 21 lin. long, with very large
and conspicuous external glands ; segments ovate-lanceolate, obtuse,
13 lin. long, with a dense woolly apical beard; anthers partly
Thestum. | SANTALACE (Hill). 183
exserted, nearly } lin. long; style J} lin. long, reaching to the base
’ 5 §; Style 5 Ss Ss
of the anthers ; fruit not seen.
KataHart Recion : Orange River Colony ; Harrismith, Sankey, 223!
87. T. nigrum (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 35); stems
several from a broad-topped woody rhizome, strongly ribbed and
sulcate, glabrous ; leaves broadly linear, acute, straight, }—3 in. long,
flat, rather thick and fleshy, becoming blackish when dry, glabrous :
flowers solitary in the bract axils, subsessile, arranged in lax spikes ;
bracts as long as or longer than the open flower, linear-lanceo-
late, acute, entire, glabrous ; bracteoles about two-thirds as long as
the bracts ; perianth with large conspicuous external glands, about
1} lin. long; segments linear-lanceolate, subacute, 1 lin. long,
infolded and deeply hooded, densely fringed and bearded to the
base ; anthers included towards the top of the perianth-tube, about
} lin. long ; style 4 lin. long, reaching to the top or the middle of
the anthers ; fruits ovoid-ellipsoid, 34 lin. long, strongly 10-ribbed,
very slightly reticulate between the ribs.
Katanari Region : Orange River Colony ; Cooper, 826! 1061! ‘
Eastern Recton: Natal; between Pietermaritzburg and Greytown, Wilms,
2253! Giants Castle, 9000 ft., Guthrie, 4954! Griqualand East ; near Kokstad,
5000 ft., Tyson, 1863!
88. T. gracilarioides (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915,
29); stems branched from the base, up to nearly 1 ft. high;
branches rather densely leafy, ascending, slender, angular, glabrous :
leaves linear-acicular, acute, 4-1 in. long, scarcely } lin. thick,
keeled on the back, glabrous, with a fairly prominent midrib on
the upper surface ; flowers arranged in leafy racemes of cymules at
the ends of the shoots; bracts adnate to the peduncles, very
similar to the leaves, with narrow subtranslucent margins, about
twice the length of the flowers; bracteoles as long as or a little
longer than the flowers ; perianth urceolate, with prominent external
glands, about 1 lin. long; segments linear-lanceolate, subacute,
—} lin. long, with an apical beard of a few hairs and
hooded, 2
incurved margins ; anthers at the base of the perianth-segments
or almost in the tube, about 1 lin. long ; stigma sessile or subsessile ;
fruits ovoid, 2 lin. long, finely 10-ribbed, clearly reticulate between
the ribs.
Kaxanari REGION : Transvaal ; grassy mountain sides of the Saddleback Range,
near Barberton, 4000-5000 ft., Galpin, 543! Swaziland ; Havelock Concession,
3700 ft., Saltmarshe in Herb. Galpin, 1048!
89. T. asterias (A. W. Hill in Kew Builetin, 1915, 23); root-
stock stout, many- or few-headed; stems erect, branched in the
upper part, compressed and angled, purplish when dry, glabrous ;
leaves acicular, grooved above, acute, 1-1 in. long, about } lin.
thick, glabrous ; flowers arranged in lax racemes or racemes of
cymules ; bracts partly adnate to the peduncle, linear, acute, up to
184° SANTALACEE (Hill). | Thesium.
24 lin. long, shorter or longer than the flowers ; bracteoles shorter
than the flowers ; perianth 1? lin. long, with large rounded external
glands ; segments lanceolate, about 14 lin. long, bearded at the
apex, with finely hairy incurved margins; anthers } lin. long,
exserted ; stigma sessile ; fruits ovoid, 34 lin. long including the
long persistent perianth, strongly 10-ribbed, finely and rather
faintly reticulate between the ribs.
Kaxauari Recion: Transvaal ; Shilovane, Junod, 749a! Champs du Sanatorium,
Junod, 837! Aapies Poort, near Pretoria, Rehmann, 4013! Houtbosch, Lehmann,
5958! 5959! and without precise locality, Sanderson, 916! Swaziland ; Havelock
Concession, 4000 ft., Saltmarshe in Herb. Galpin, 1008 !
EasteRN Recton: Natal ; near Murchison, Wood, 3003! and without precise
locality, Gerrard, 333 !
90. T. polygaloides (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 38) ; root
apparently annual, short, with longer spreading straw-coloured
lateral ones ; stem slender, branched in the upper half or upper
two-thirds, very sparingly leafy, with several longitudinal fairly
conspicuous ribs, glabrous ; branches erect, slender; leaves slender,
linear, acute, 1—} in. long, blackish when dry, glabrous ; flowers
arranged in short racemose 1-flowered cymules ; cymes shortly
stalked, with 1 or 2 small leaves and about 3 bracts around the
flower ; bracts linear, about as long as the flower; braéteoles
acute, half the length of the flower ; perianth ? lin. long ; segments
elliptic-lanceolate, subacute, }—3 lin. long, with an apical beard and
hairy margins; anthers 1 lin. long, exserted, at the base of the
segments or almost in the tube; stigma subsessile ; fruits ovoid,
2 lin. long, reddish-glaucous, rather prominently 10-ribbed and
reticulate.
Eastern Recion: Natal ; Clairmont, Wood, 1095! in a marsh near Clairmont,
Schlechter, 2976 !
91, T. cornigerum (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 25); stems
elongated and very slender, finely sulcate, glabrous; branches
sometimes flowering nearly their whole length ; leaves linear, very
acute, }-1} in. long, l-nerved on the upper surface, glabrous ;
cymules racemosely arranged in the upper part of or nearly the
whole length of the branches, 3- to several-flowered ; bracts shorter
than the flowers, horn-like in arrangement, linear, acute, shortly
adnate to the peduncle ; bracteoles much smaller than the bracts
but otherwise similar ; perianth ? lin. long, with prominent ovoid
external glands; segments 3 lin. long, ovate-oblong, subacute,
_ hooded, bearded, with papillose margins ; anthers exserted from the
perianth-tube, } lin. long; style about } lin. long, reaching to sc
top of the anthers ; fruits not seen.
EasTERN REcIon: Natal ; Mooi River, 4000-5000 ft., Wood, 4487! 5344! near
Stanger, 150 ft., Wood, 10193! and without precise locality, Gerrard, 1278!
92. T. palliolatum (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1910, 187); @
Thesium. | SANTALACE& (Hill). 18:
herb, 8 in. high, sparingly branched above; stems deeply grooved,
lax; leaves linear, strap-shaped or concave with distinct midrib,
4—6 lin. long, acute ; flowers shortly pedicellate, arranged singly or
in 3-flowered cymes in theaxils of leafy bracts, forming lax terminal
inflorescences ; bracts linear, concave, acute, 4 lin. long, adnate to
the peduncle for about half its length; bracteoles 2, 1} lin. long ;
perianth 1} lin. long, campanulate ; segments } lin. long, with
elongated hooded apex about + lin. long, and an apical beard of
thick hairs ; filaments } lin. long; anthers 1 lin. long; style 2 lin.
long ; fruit globose, 3 lin. in diam., with main ribs and delicate
reticulations. Baker and Hill in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 417.
KaLanari Recion: Transvaal; near Potgieters Rust, on stony and grassy hills,
3700 ft., Bolus, 11008 !
Also in Tropical Africa.
93. T. gypsophiloides (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 30) ;
stems fairly slender, sometimes rather copiously branched, finely
ribbed, glabrous; branches slender, spreading; leaves linear-
lanceolate or broadly linear, very acute, 1—1 in. long, up to 1} lin.
broad or sometimes very narrow, flat, with a prominent midrib, and
minutely serrulate margins, glabrous ; flowers few at the end of the
branchlets ; bracts leaf-like, adnate\to the peduncle for nearly half
its length, keeled ; bracteoles as long as or shorter than the flowers,
acute ; perianth urceolate, swollen in the lower part, 3 lin. long ;
segments ovate, subacute, } lin. long, with a dense apical beard ;
anthers partly exserted from the perianth-tube, subpendant in
pocket-like recesses, nearly } lin. long ; style } lin. long or less,
sometimes reaching to the top of the anthers; fruits oblong-
ellipsoid, 2% lin. long, 10-ribbed, strongly reticulate between the
ribs,
Eastern Recion: Natal; Umtwalumi, Wood, 573! 3105! near Verulam,
Wood, 756! and without precise locality, Gerrard, 407! :
Katanart Recion: Transvaal ; Queens River Valley, near Barberton, Galpin,
58!
94. T. utile (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 43); stems few
from the apex of an erect slender woody rhizome, strongly ribbed
and suleate, glabrous; branches ascending ; leaves linear-acicular,
acute or subacute, about ? in. long, }-} lin. broad, with a fairly
distinct keeled midrib below, glabrous ; flowers solitary or three
together in the bract axils at the apex of a short peduncle ; bracts
shorter than the flowers, linear, subacute, glabrous, entire ;
bracteoles about half the length of the bracts but very similar to
m ; perianth about 11 lin. long ; segments elliptic-lanceolate or
lanceolate, obtuse, }~-1 lin. long, hooded and bearded at the apex,
with papillose margins ; anthers exserted from the perianth-tube,
¢ lin. long ; style 4—3 lin. long, reaching nearly to the top of the
anthers; fruits ellipsoid-ovoid, 3 lin. long, strongly 10-11-ribbed,
slightly reticulate between the ribs.
Se en, nn
Re re
186 SANTALACEA (Hill). [ Thesium.
Coast Recon: Cape Div.; eastern slope of Table Mountain (possibly
introduced), Schlechter, 485! ee
Karanarr Recton: Transvaal ; near Pretoria, Rehmann, 4012! 4543! 4718!
Miss Leendertz, 293! near Heidelburg, Schlechter, 3532! Jeppes Town Ridge,
Johannesburg, Mrs. de Jongh in Herb. Galpin, 1471! Gilfillan in Herb. Galpin,
6069! near Modderfontein, Miss Nation, 69! 70! Middleburg district, at
Bronkhorst River, Wilms, 1309!
Miss Olive Nation states that this “stiff upright herb is used by the Kafirs to
make brooms.”
95. T. fallax (Schlechter in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. 118); branches
erect, woody, with transversely splitting corky bark; young
branchlets light-green, stout, finely suleate, glabrous ; leaves flat,
thick and coriaceous, linear or linear-lanceolate, obtuse, }—1 in.
long, 1-2 lin. broad, with rather broad cartilaginous subtranslucent
margins, glabrous ; flowers in fairly dense solitary capitate clusters
at the ends of the shoots ; bracts coloured, oblanceolate, subacute,
3-4 lin. long, with a broad fleshy keel in the upper part, margins
subtranslucent and greenish-yellow, glabrous ; bracteoles similar to
the bracts but a little shorter and narrower ; perianth 1} lin. long,
fleshy, with conspicuous external glands ; segments linear, subacute,
fleshy, 14 lin. long, with an apical beard of hairs and a fringe on
the margins ; anthers exserted, at the base of the perianth-segments,
i lin. long ; stigma sessile.
Coast Recion; Bredasdorp Div.; mountains between Elim and Fairfield,
Bolus, 8598! near Napier, Schlechter, 9658 !
96. T. helichrysoides (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 30);
stems elongated, up to 2 ft. high, sparingly branched in the upper
part, green, with narrow purple angles, glabrous ; branches suberect ;
leaves linear, subacute, }—-14 in. long, nearly 1 lin. broad, thick and
fleshy, flat or slightly concave on the upper surface, with very
narrowly cartilaginous margins, glabrous, becoming wrinkled when
dry ; flowers in rather dense terminal corymbs ; bracts yellowish-
green when dry, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, subacute, shortly
adnate to the peduncle, reaching to the top of the flower, glabrous
and rather fleshy ; bracteoles a little shorter than the bracts but
otherwise very similar ; perianth with conspicuous external glands,
1} lin. long; segments lanceolate, obtuse, 4-1 lin. long, deeply
hooded, with a dense apical beard and infolded hairy margins ;
anthers included in the perianth-tube just at the base of the
perianth-segments, 1 lin. long; stigma subsessile; fruits with @
stalk about } lin. long, ellipsoid, 3 lin. long, with 5 very prominent
and 5 much less prominent nerves, finely reticulate between the
nerves, yellowish-green when dry.
Coast Recion: Riversdale Div.; between Garcias Pass and Muis Kraal,
1850 ft., Bolus, 11375!
97. T. umbelliferum (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 42);
_ stems tall, erect, woody, with more or less rounded angles, glabrous 5
” Thesium. | SANTALACE& (Hill). 187
branches few, ascending; leaves large and fleshy, subacicular,
obtuse, 1-2 in. long, about 1 lin. thick, glabrous ; flowers in fairly
dense terminal corymbs about } in. in diam. ; bracts slightly adnate
to the very short peduncles, reddish, reaching to about the top of
the flowers, with subtranslucent margins, glabrous; bracteoles
nearly as long as the bracts but a little narrower ; perianth with
conspicuous external glands, 1} lin. long; segments lanceolate,
obtuse, } lin. long, bearded at the apex, with hairy margins, slightly
hooded ; anthers exserted from the perianth-tube, } lin. long ; style
= lin. long, reaching to the middle of the anthers; fruits ovoid-
ellipsoid, nearly 2 lin. long, fairly prominently 5-ribbed, with
inconspicuous intermediate ribs and reticulation.
Coast Raion: Prince Albert Div. ; tops of the mountains of Zwartberg Pass,
4400 ft., Bolus, 11633! 12276! Marloth, 2489b!
98. T. boissierianum (A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 663); a small
shrub, 9 in. high; stems ascending, densely leafy, rather slender,
terete, scabrid-puberulous ; leaves numerous, imbricate, acicular,
flattened on the upper surface, acutely mucronate, 24-3 lin. long,
t lin. thick, fleshy, glabrous ; flowers very small, in dense terminal
heads 21-4 lin. in diam.; bracts as long as or longer than the
flowers, linear or linear-lanceolate, acutely acuminate, 14 lin. long,
with slightly hyaline margins ; bracteoles similar to the bracts but
a little shorter; perianth + lin. long, with external glands; seg-
ments }-3 lin. long, linear-lanceolate, subacute, bearded at the
apex; anthers } lin. long, included in the perianth-tube ; stigma
sessile ; fruits oblong-ellipsoid, 2 lin. long, distinctly but rather
finely 10-ribbed, laxly reticulate between the ribs.
Sour Arrica : without locality, Verreaux in Herb. Boissier ! without collector's
name in Kew Herbarium !
=? 99. T. pubescens (A.DC. Esp. Nouv. Thes. 7) ; a much-branched
subshrub, up to 1 ft. high ; stem woody, subterete, shortly pubescent
with somewhat reflexed hairs ; branches spreading from the main
stem at a wide angle, densely leafy, sulcate, pubescent; leaves
linear, acute, keeled, 3-4 lin. long, more or less triangular in
section, shortly ciliate-pubescent on the margins and keel or some-
times all over both surfaces ; flowers in small dense terminal leafy
clusters ; bracts and bracteoles similar to the leaves but broader ;
perianth 2 lin. long; segments lanceolate, subacute, i lin. long,
densely bearded inside; anthers exserted from the perianth-tube,
> lin. long; style 3-1 lin. long, reaching to the middle of the
anthers ; fruits oblong-ellipsoid, contracted at the base, about 3 lin.
long, not reticulate. A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 664. T. hirtulum,
. in Flora, 1857, 359, 406.
Coasr Recion : Clanwilliam Div. ; Vogel Fontein, 1200 ft., Schlechter, 8515 !
Warm Baths, Stephens, 7729! Malmesbury Div. ; Modder River, near Groene
Kloof, 300 ft., Bolus, 4328! Hopefield, 160 ft., Schlechter, 5301! Bachmann,
1702! Cape Div.; Chapmans fay, Kommetje sand hills, Wolley-Dod, 1634!
Millers Point, Wolley-Dod, 2845! Div. ? Groctepostveld, Ecklon d: Zeyher, 54,
188 SANTALACE (Hill). [ Thesewin.
100. T. rufescens (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 40);
stems reddish-brown, very slender, sparsely and divaricately
branched, sulcate, shortly pubescent with subretiexed hairs ;
branches rather densely leafy; leaves spreading, linear, acute,
3-4 lin. long, shortly pubescent or nearly glabrous; flowers in
rather dense terminal oblong spikes; bracts reddish, linear-
lanceolate, acutely acuminate, about as long as or a little longer
than the flowers, keeled, with somewhat membranous margins,
pubescent on the margin and outside ; bracteoles similar to the
bracts but a little shorter; perianth minutely pubescent outside,
+ lin. long ; segments triangular, subacute, 3 lin. long, with slightly
incurved margins, densely bearded inside; anthers half exserted
from the perianth-tube, } lin. long; style 2 lin. long, reaching
nearly to the top of the anthers; fruits ovoid, 2 lin. long, con-
spicuously ribbed, distinctly reticulate between the ribs.
Coast Recion : Riversdale Div. ; in fields near Riversdale, 300 ft., Schlechter,
1851!
101. T. scabrum (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. ii. 302) ; stems erect, about 1 ft.
high, densely leafy, with very short internodes, glabrous; leaves
linear, acute, up to 1 in. long, but mostly about $ in. long, more or
less triquetrous, sharply pectinate-serrulate on the angles ; flowers
in dense terminal subglobose heads about } in. in diam. ; bracts
broadly ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acutely acuminate, with mem-
branous scabrous margins and a broad keel ; bracteoles similar, but
narrower ; perianth about | lin. long; segments } lin. long, bearded,
ovate-lanceolate, acute ; anthers included in the perianth-tube, } lin.
long ; style 4-5 lin. long; fruits oblong-ovoid, 24 lin. long, rather
conspicuously 10-nerved, finely reticulate between the nerves.
Berg. Deser. Pl. Cap. 72; Thunb. Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 209 ; Thunb.
Prodr. 45; Sond. in Flora, 1857, 360; A.DOC. in DC. Prodr. xiv.
663. T. scabrum, var. denudatum, Sond. in Flora, 1857, 361 ; A.DC.
in DC. Prodr, xiv. 664; var. gracile, ADC. lc. (?) T. ciliatum,
R. Br. Prodr. 353 ; A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 672, name only.
Coast Recion: Tulbagh Div. ; near Tulbagh Waterfall, Eeklai ! Saron,
1500 ft., Schlechter, 10665! Worcester Div. ; mountains near De Liefde, Drege a!
Paarl Div. ; French Hoek, 500 ft., pebleclter, B19 ! Cape Div. ; Table Mountain,
Thunberg! between Wynberg and Constantia, Burchell, 795! Mowbray, Wilms,
3605! Devils Peak, 1000 ft., Bolus, 2936! Beryius! Biittner! Krebs! Cape Flats
near Kenilworth, Schlechter, 216! Stellenbosch Div. ; between Stellenbosch and
Bottelary Hill, Burchell, 8338 ! Caledon Div. ; Donker Hoek Mountain, Burchell,
7996! Bredasdorp Div. ; near Cape Agulhas, Ecklon!
Centra Recion: Sutherland Div.: Middle Roggeveld, Thunberg !
Sheet a of 7. capitatuin in Thunberg’s herbarium belongs to this species.
102. T. polycephalum (Schlechter in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. 120);
low much-branched shrub ; older branches with corky transversely
splitting bark, younger ones slender, rather elongated, glabrous ;
leaves few and distant, subacicular, with an obtuse cartilaginous
apex, concave above, rounded below, 2-3 lin. long, about } lin.
Thestum. | SANTALACE# (Hill). 189
thick, glabrous ; flowers in small capitate clusters at the ends of
the branches ; bracts leaf-like, equalling the flowers in length, with
slightly hispid margins ; bracteoles similar to the bracts but a little
shorter ; perianth about 1 lin. long, with prominent external
glands ; seginents ovate, subacute, } lin. long, with a woolly beard ;
anthers partly exserted from the perianth-tube, } lin. long; style
reaching to the middle of the anthers, 4 lin. long ; fruits not seen.
WesterRN Recion: Little Namaqualand; near Naries, Bolus, 9446! Van
Rhynsdorp Div. ; Kareeberg Range, Schlechter, 8256 !
103. T. microcephalum (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915,
34); branches subterete, glabrous; branchlets twiggy; leaves —
fairly dense, narrowly lanceolate, subacute, 14—2 lin. long, about
+ lin. broad, thick and fleshy, rounded on the lower surface, flat or
concave above, glabrous; flowers few in a fairly dense cluster at
the apex of each shoot ; bracts shorter than the flowers, reddish,
similar to the leaves, fleshy, finely fimbriate on the lower part of
the margins, otherwise glabrous ; bracteoles nearly as long as the
bracts and slightly keeled ; perianth about 11 lin. long; segments
lanceolate, obtuse, 2 lin. long, reddish outside, hooded, with an
apical beard and hairy margins; anthers exserted from pockets
inside the perianth-tube, 4 lin. long ; style } lin. long, reaching to
just above the base of the anthers ; stigma capitate ; fruits oblong-
ovoid, 2 lin. long, strongly 10-ribbed, coarsely reticulate between
the ribs.
Coast Recion: Worcester Div. ; Matroos Berg, 6560 ft., Marloth, 2252 in
Herb, Bolus (not in Herb. Marloth) !
o> 104, T. pycnanthum (Schlechter in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. 120); a
small shrublet, up to about 1 ft. high ; branches several from the
base, erect or ascending, subterete, slender, glabrous ; leaves aci-
cular, very acute, 3-5 lin. long, about } lin. thick, with a very
prominent midrib on the upper surface, rounded below, glabrous,
with very narrow subtranslucent margins ; flowers in small terminal ©
heads ; bracts linear-lanceolate, very acute, a little shorter than the
‘open flower, keeled, with thinner reddish margins ; bracteoles about
_ two-thirds as long as the bracts but otherwise similar ; perianth
1? lin. long, with distinct external glands ; segments linear-lanceo-
late, hooded, 1-11 lin. long, with an apical beard ; anthers included
in the perianth-tube, } lin. long; style 1—} lin. long, reaching to
the base of the anthers ; fruits ellipsoid-globose, 3 lin. long, pro-
™minently 10-ribbed, shining, distinctly reticulate between the ribs.
Coast Recton: Worcester Div. ; Goudini, 900 ft., Schlechter, 9946! Hex
River Valley, near De Doorns, Bolus, 13187! Paarl Div. ; French Hoek, 3500 ft.,
Schlechter, 9353 !
105. T. ecklonianum (Sond. in Flora, 1857, 356); stems pros-
trate or decumbent, elongated, terete, glabrous; leaves large,
linear or linear-lanceolate, often somewhat falcate, acute or sub-
190 SANTALACEA (Hill), | Thesium.
acute, flat on the upper surface, somewhat convex below, $-1} in.
long, glabrous ; flowers few in a subcapitate cluster at the ends of
the branches; bracts oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, acutely
acuminate, 14-2} lin. long, slightly keeled, with scabrous slightly
membranous edges, reddish ; bracteoles nearly as long as the bracts,
but much narrower ; perianth 1-1} lin. long ; segments about 4 lin.
long, lanceolate-triangular, acute, with a woolly apical beard ;
anthers included, at the top of the perianth-tube, 1 lin. long ; style
nearly 4 lin. long, reaching to the middle of the anthers ; fruits
with a short stout stalk, ellipsoid-globose, prominently 10-ribbed or -
almost angled, distinctly reticulate between the ribs, 2} lin. long
including the persistent perianth. A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv.
670.
Coast Raion: Cape Div. ; Cape Flats, EZeklon! Zeyher, 4845! Rondebosch,
100 ft., Bolus, 3920! and without precise locality, Harvey, 725 !
106. T. sonderianum (Schlechter in Journ. Bot, 1898, 376, partly) ;
a rather stout more or less dichotomously branched shrub ; branches
rather densely leafy, ribbed, glabrous ; leaves often all towards one
side of the branch, linear, acutely mucronate, rigid, recurved, 2-3
lin. long, about } lin. broad, with a fairly prominent midrib on both
surfaces or rather sharply keeled below, slightly scabridulous on the
margins and keel; flowers in rather dense thick more or less oblong
spikes; bracts linear or linear-lanceolate, acute, shorter than the
flowers, with membranous rather jagged or scabrous margins ;
bracteoles as long as or nearly as long as the bracts and rather
thinner and narrower, otherwise similar ; perianth 24-23 lin. long:
segments linear-lanceolate, subacute, 14 lin. long, hooded, bearded
inside ; anthers } lin. long, on short filaments, partly exserted from
tube; style 3-1 lin. long, reaching to the middle of the anthers ;
fruit ovoid-ellipsoid, 5 lin. long including the long cylindric
persistent perianth, prominently 5-ribbed with much less conspicu-
ous intermediate ribs, reticulate.
Coast Recion: Port Elizabeth Div. ; Redhouse, Mrs. Paterson, 689! Albany
Div: < near Grahamstown, MacOwan, 804!
5 Bolus, 526, in herb, Stockholm, on which number, as well as MacOwan, 804,
Schlechter based his species, is found to belong to 7. impeditum, A. W. Hill.
7~ 107, T. capitatum (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. ii. 302) ; a small shrub, often
about 9-12 in, high ; stems erect or ascending, sparingly branched ;
branches densely leafy, glabrous; leaves imbricate, parallel with
the stem or spreading, linear, with an acute or subacute cartilaginous
apex, sharply keeled, more or less triangular in section, 4—7 lin.
long, rigid, minutely subtranslucent and scabrous on the margins;
flowers in dense terminal heads; bracts gradually differentiated
from the upper leaves, obovate to oblong-lanceolate, acutely acumi-
nate, keeled, broad and fleshy in the middle, with rather wide
jagged or toothed margins, glabrous ; bracteoles narrower than the
bracts but otherwise very similar; perianth 24-31 lin. long, with
ab
}
f
Thesium. | SANTALACE (Hill). 191
hairy pocket-like depressions behind the anthers ; segments linear-
lanceolate, subacute, 14—2 lin. long, fleshy, densely bearded ; anthers
3-3 lin. long, included in the perianth-tube ; style 3-13 lin. long,
reaching to the middle or the top of the anthers ; fruits ellipsoid-
globose, 34 lin. long, including the persistent perianth, rather
slenderly 10-ribbed, smooth and not reticulate between the ribs.
Thunb. Diss. Thes. 9; Fl. Cap. ed. Schult, 209; Bernh. in Flora,
1845, 80; Sond. in Flora, 1857, 360; A.DC. in DC. Prodr.
xiv. 663.
Coast Reaion: Malmesbury Div. ; Hopefield, Buchanan, i701! Cape Div. ;
various localities, Thunberg ! Forster! Bergius ! Ecklon, 406! Eeklon & Zeyher!
Chamisso, 10! Wilms, 3589! Wolley-Dod, 3019! 1505! Wright! Harvey, 715!
Zeyher, 5815! Drégeb! Wallich! Hooker, 624! Bolus, 3073! 4762! Burchell,
593! Caledon Div. ; near Grietjes Gat, Zeyher, 3788! Humansdorp Div. ; Kruis-
fontein, 800 ft., Galpin, 4552!
> 108. T. glomeratum (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 29);
stems ascending, slender, sparingly branched, very slightly scabrid-
puberulous; branches slender, sulcate, glabrous or nearly so ;
leaves linear, acute, flat or concave on the upper surface, sometimes.
keeled below, 3-4 lin. long, glabrous or slightly scabrous on the
Margins ; flowers in very short racemes or in small terminal heads ;
bracts ovate-lanceolate, acute, about as long as the flowers, keeled,
with membranous very minutely ciliate margins ; bracteoles about
two-thirds the length of the bracts, narrower but otherwise similar ;
perianth 14-12 lin. long ; segments } lin. long, linear-lanceolate,
acute, with a dense apical beard ; anthers included in the perianth-
tube, } lin. long; style } lin. long, reaching almost to the top of
the anthers; fruits oblong, scarcely 3 lin. long, greenish when dry,
subconspicuously 5-ribbed, especially near the base, with nearly
invisible intermediate ribs.
Coast Recion : George Div. ; without precise locality, Bolus, 2458 ! Uniondale
Div. ; Long Kloof, 300 ft., Schlechter, $399 !
109. T. fimbriatum (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 27); a
small shrub, about 1 ft. high, branched from the base ; branches
ascending, rather rough with the persistent leaf-bases, glabrous ;
leaves linear, subacute, closely adpressed to the stem in the lower
part, slightly recurved above, 3-4 lin. long, flat on the upper surface,
slightly keeled below, glabrous ; flowers arranged in dense terminal
capitate clusters 4—5 lin. in diam.; bracts broadly ovate, acutely
acuminate, longer than the flowers, with prominent membranous
timbriate margins ; bracteoles similar to the bracts but much
narrower and shorter; perianth 1% lin. long, with conspicuous
external glands; segments linear-lanceolate, 1} lin. long, with a
conspicuous hood } lin. long, bearded with a few short hairs ;
anthers included in the perianth-tube, } lin. long ; style 4 lin. long,
reaching to the middle of the anthers.’
Coast Recion: Tulbagh Div. ; eastern base of the Roodezand Mountains,
490 ft., Diels, 1125 !
ne
192 SANTALACE (Hill). | Thesium.
ie acs Sea aati el ae aS
110. T, translucens (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 42) ; root
erect, slender, greyish-white ; stems up to 18 in. high, branched
from near the base ; branches erect or ascending, angular, glabrous ;
leaves straight or incurved, ascending, linear-acicular, acute, 4-6
lin. long, about 3 lin. thick, flat and with a prominent midrib on
the upper surface, keeled below, glabrous ; flowers arranged in small
dense bracteate terminal heads 3-6 lin. in diam.; bracts longer |
than the flowers, gradually differentiated from the upper leaves,
lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acutely acuminate, reddish, keeled,
with membranous jagged margins about the middle, glabrous ;
bracteoles somewhat shorter and narrower than the bracts ; perianth
2-21 lin. long ; tube very short ; segments linear-lanceolate, acute,
with horny terete translucent apices, with a very short beard at
the base of the hood and finely papillose margins ; anthers included
in the perianth-tube, } lin. long; stigma subsessile ; fruits not
seen.
sta Tsai hts
Coast Reaton: Caledon Div. ; Houw Hoek, 2500 ft., Schlechter, 7580! near
Caledon, Bolus, without number in Herb. Bolus! Riversdale Div. ; summit of
Kampsche Berg, Burchell, 7106!
111. T. densiflorum (A.DC. Esp. Nouv. Thes. 7) ; a low erect
shrublet, about 1 ft. high, branched from near the base or below the
middle ; branches erect, subterete, very finely spotted; leaves
rather sparse, $—-1 in. long, linear-acicular, subacute, flat on the
upper surface, rounded below, rigid, glabrous ; flowers in numerous
small capitate subcorymbose clusters; bracts ovate or ovate-
lanceolate, acute or acuminate, keeled, shorter than the flowers;
bracteoles narrower and shorter than the bracts. with the latter
often blackened ; perianth 14 lin, long; segments ovate-elliptic,
flat, hooded, 1 lin. long, with a dense tuft of apical hairs, margins
and inner surfaces more or less hairy ; anthers included in the tube,
{ lin. Jong ; stigma sessile ; fruits ellipsoid, contracted at the base,
2% lin. long, strongly 10-ribbed, distinctly reticulate between the
ribs. A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 664; Sond. in Flora, 1857, 406.
T. densiflorum, var. Linkii, A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 664.
Coast Reaion: Worcester Div. ; Bains Kloof, 3500 ft., Schlechter, 9093! Cape
Div..; Table Mountain, Bergius! mountain sides, near Simons Town, 1200 ft.,
Bolus! Caledon Div. ; Zwart Berg, Ecklon & Zeyher, 4! near Genadendal, Bolus,
7423, partly !
Sonder considered 7. densiflorum, A.DC., to be a young condition of
1’. spicatum, Linn. This, however, is not the case, as in 1’, densiflorum there is
no ring of hairs at the throat of the perianth.
> 112, T. carinatum (A.DC. Esp. Nouv. Thes. 7); a small shrub,
about 18 in. high ; stem erect, sparingly branched; branches
densely leafy, glabrous ; leaves mostly parallel with the stem, at
‘length sometimes spreading, linear, acutely mucronate, flat above, 4
keeled below, more or less triangular in section, 5-8 lin. long, finely :
scabrous on the margins and keel ; flowers stalked, in dense terminal
eet 1.
Rey
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FLORA CAPENSIS:
BEING A
SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION OF THE PLANTS
OF THE
(AND NEIGHBOURING TORRETORIES)
By VARIOUS eeaiiges eee
hing EDITED BY
Cy E., LL.D., D.Sc., F.R.S.
"HONORARY STUDENT OF CHRIST CHURCH, OXFORD,
“LATE DIRECTOR, ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW. :
CAPE OF GOOD HOPE, NATAL, AND.
Thesium. | SANTALACE& (Hill). 193
bracteate heads 4-5 lin. in diam. ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, acutely
acuminate, sharply keeled, as long as the flowers, with broad mem-
branous jagged margins in the middle third of their length, glabrous ;
bracteoles a little shorter and narrower than the bracts but other-
obtuse, }-+ lin. long, horned at the apex, with a dense apical
beard ; anthers included, at the base of the perianth-tube, 4 lin.
long ; stigma sessile or nearly so; fruits ellipsoid-globose, 3-34 lin.
long, prominently 10-ribbed, shining and nearly smooth between the
ribs. A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 663. T. capitatum, B, Thunb.
Herb. ex A.DC. Le., not of Linn. T. capitatum, Willd. Herb.
no. 5080, ex A.DC. L.c., not of Linn. T. assimile, Sond. in Flora,
1857, 360, 406.
Var. 8, pallidum (A. W. Hill); leaves paler when dry ; flowers in laxer heads
than in the type, with narrower less membranous bracts. 7’. assimile, var. pallidum,
Sond. in Flora, 1857, 360, 406.
Coast Reaion: Clanwilliam Div. ; Packhuis Berg, 3000 ft., Schlechter, 8680 !
Koude Berg, 2500 ft., Schlechter, 8719! Northwards from ‘ Stasi,” 1830 ft.,
Diels, 7835! Piquetberg Div. ; Piquetberg Mountain, 2200 ft., Bolus, 13646! Cape
Div. ; Simons Bay, Wright, 532! and without precise locality, Harvey, 590!
Stellenbosch Div. ; Grietjes Gat, 2000-4000 ft., Zeyher, 3789! Ecklon & Zeyher,
3! Lowrys Pass, 1000 ft., Schlechter, 4837! Caledon Div.; “near Vogelgtt,
2000 ft., Schlechter, 10419! near Houw Hoek, 900-2000 ft., Bolus! George Div. ;
Cradock Berg, near George, Burchell, 5946! Uitenhage Div. ; Winterhoek
Mountain, 2000 ft., Marloth! Var. 8: Tulbagh Div. ; near Tulbagh Waterfall,
1000-2000 ft., Ecklon & Zeyher, 2! Worcester Div. ; Dutoits Kloof, Drége, c!
Drakensteen Mountains, near Bains Kloof, 1800 ft., Bolus, 4065! Breede River
valley, Bolus, 2937! Cape Div.; near Simonstown, Wolley-Dod, 3018! Lion
Mountain, Burchell, 296! and without precise locality, Beryius! Hooker, 610!
Caledon Diy. ; Houw Hoek, Bolus!
Crnrrat Recion : Prince Albert Diy. ; Zwartberg Pass, 5300 ft., Bolus, 11632!
“113. T. penicillatum (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915,
37); stems erect, longitudinally sulcate, stout, woody, glabrous,
branched in the upper part ; branches erect, subcorymbose ; leaves
linear, acutely mucronate, 1—1} in. long, about 1 lin. broad, keeled
below, glabrous, becoming rather coarsely wrinkled when dry ;
flowers in fairly dense terminal corymbs up to 1 in. in diam. ;
bracts linear-oblong, subacute, keeled, as long as the flowers, up to
1 lin. broad, purplish, with subtranslucent margins; bracteoles
about three-quarters the length of the bracts; perianth 1} lin.
long ; segments linear-lanceolate, subacute, about 1} lin. long, flat,
hooded, with the apex and margin clothed with long hairs ; anthers
% lin, long, included in the perianth-tube and inserted in front of
a large tuft of orange-coloured hairs, which are not united to form
a definite ring and are free from the anthers ; style 4 lin. long or
almost absent; fruit with a short stout stalk, ellipsoid, 3 lin.
long, rather prominently 5-nerved, with inconspicuous intermediate
nerves, conspicuously transversely reticulate between the ribs.
__ Coast Recion: George Div.; Cradock Berg, 2500 ft., Galpin, 4546! Humans-
-dorp Div. ; Storms River, 250 ft., Schlechter, 5986!
FL. C.—VOL, V.—-SECT. II. 0
a i
a»
194 SANTALACE (Hill). [ Thesium.
114, T. micropogon (A.DC. Esp. Nouv. Thes. 6) ; root perpen-
dicular, wavy, about 2 lin. thick at the apex ; stems several or few
from the apex of the root, simple or subsimple, about 6 in. long,
moderately leafy, about } lin. thick, glabrous; leaves slender,
acicular, with slightly recurved subacute tips, 3-5 lin. long, about
1 lin. thick or less, glabrous, black when dry; flowers arranged in
fairly dense slender spikes 4-1 in. long; bracts shorter than the
flowers, lanceolate, acutely acuminate, slightly keeled on the back,
glabrous, fleshy ; bracteoles a little shorter than the bracts but
otherwise very similar ; perianth fleshy, urceolate, about } lin. long,
with prominent external glands and a ring of inconspicuous throat
hairs ; segments lanceolate, + lin. long, hooded, fleshy, margins
papillose, but not bearded ; disc fairly conspicuous ; anthers exserted
from the perianth-tube, }—} lin. long, without attachment hairs ;
stigma sessile or supported on a very stout short 3-cornered style ;
fruits not seen. A.DOC. in DC. Prodr, xiv. 669. T. patentiflorun,
Sond. in Flora, 1857, 357, 406.
Coast Reaion: Caledon Div. ; Zwart Berg, near the hot springs, 1000-2000 ft.,
Ecklon & Zeyher, 12! :
115. T. urceolatum (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 43) ;
stems woody, glabrous; branches spreading, angular, glaucous ;
leaves stout, semicircular in section, flat or slightly concave above,
linear, subacutely mucronate, }—3 in. long, about } lin. broad, fleshy,
somewhat glaucous, glabrous; flowers rather large and at first
arranged in crowded spikes, at length lax, usually 3 together ;
bracts shorter than the flowers, linear-lanceolate or oblanceolate,
acutely mucronate, thick and fleshy, boat-shaped ; bracteoles
about two-thirds the length of the bracts but otherwise similar ;
perianth 14 lin. long; segments 3—3 lin. long, ovate, subacute,
with a dense apical tuft of hairs; anthers included in the
perianth-tube, about } lin. long, with a ring of hairs in the tube at
the level of their insertion; style stout, 1-1 lin. long, reaching to
the base of the anthers ; fruits ellipsoid, 2} lin. long including the
persistent perianth, prominently 10-ribbed, glaucous grey when
mature, transversely wrinkled between the nerves.
CENTRAL Recion: Calvinia Div. ; Nieuwoudtville, Leipoldt in Herb. Bolus,
9377!
Western Recron: Little Namaqualand; on hills near Brakdam, 2000 ft.,
Schlechter, 11138 !
116. T. patulum (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 37); stems
divaricately branched, erect, glabrous ; branches slender, elongated,
straight, spreading from the stem at an angle of about 45°; leaves
present near the forks of the main branches, acicular, acute, 34-9
lin. long, very slender, sometimes with a few short teeth on the
back or on the margins, glabrous ; upper leaves each subtending
and slightly adnate to a branch, recurved, linear or linear-lanceolate,
subacute, up to 2 lin. long, glabrous ; flowers loosely arranged =
Thesiwm. | SANTALACE (Hill). 195
elongated flexuous spikes, solitary or 3 together; bracts much
shorter than the flower, lanceolate, subacute, fleshy, about 1 lin.
long, glabrous ; bracteoles about three-quarters the length of the
bracts but otherwise similar; perianth 1-1? lin. long, with con-
spicuous external glands ; segments lanceolate, subacute, 1-1} lin.
long, the margins and the apex with long stout hairs, with a
well-marked ring of hairs at the throat of the tube ; anthers exserted
from the perianth-tube, 2 lin. long; filaments as long as the
anthers; style stout, } lin. long; fruits top-shaped at the base,
subglobose, 31 lin. long, fairly prominently 10-ribbed, faintly reticu-
late between the ribs. TT. funale, var. caledonicum, Sond. in Flora,
1857, 359; A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 668.
Coast Recion: Malmesbury Div. ; near Moorees Berg, 500 ft., Bolus, 9981!
Zwartland and region of Berg River streams, Ecklon & Zeyher, 51! Paarl Div. ;
near Paarl, 300 ft., Schlechter, 9207! Cape Div.; Devils Peak, Bergius! and
without precise locality, Harvey, 711, partly!
—~ 17. T. funale (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. ii. 302); a very slender woody
andershrub branched from the base ; branches terete, closely sulcate,
glabrous ; leaves very few or almost entirely absent, or sometimes
especially on the young annual plants fairly numerous, acicular,
acute or subacute, slender, }—} in. long, glabrous ; flowers small
arranged in rather lax elongated spikes ; bracts narrowly lanceo-
late, with acute blackish tips, equal in length to the peduncle,
glabrous ; bracteoles 2, rather shorter than but very similar to the
bracts ; peduncle stout ; perianth more or less urceolate, }-1 lin.
long, with external glands, and a ring of hairs at the throat; seg-
ments ovate-elliptic to linear, subacute, 3—} lin. long, with a dense
apical beard ; anthers exserted, } lin. long; stigma sessile ; fruits
ellipsoid-globose, 13 lin. long, strongly 10-ribbed, prominently reticu-
late between the ribs. Thunb. Diss. Thes. 7; Fl. Cap. ed. Schult.
209 ; Sond. in Flora, 1857, 358, partly ; A.DC. in DC. Prodr, xiv.
668. TT. adpressifolium, Sond. in Flora, 1857, 358.
Coast Region: Tulbagh Div. ; New Kloof, Schlechter, 9034 ! Worcester Div. :
near Bains Kloof, 800 ft., Bolus, 2928! Cape Div. ; flats and hills around Cape
Town, Thunberg! Burchell, 964! Bergius! Ludwig, 41! Anderson! Drége!
Ecklon & Zeyher, 49! Zeyher, 3810! Wright, 533! Bolus, 2934! 3871! 3919!
4126! and Herb. Norm. Austr.-Afr., 1362! Wolley-Dod, 2142! 2255! 2742!
Schlechter, 243! 358! Wilms, 3608! 3609! Bredasdorp Div.; Elim, 150 ft.,
Schlechter, 9662! Koude River, 700 ft., Schlechter, 10451! Swellendam Div. ; hills
near the Greinde River, Zeyher, 3803! near Swellendam, Bolus, 8092!
Riversdale Div.; Garcias Pass, ‘Burchell, 7018! George Div. ; near George,
Burchell, 6003 ! Schlechter, 2469 | Zwartberg Range, Bolus, 2456 !
118. T, macrostachyum (A.DC. Esp. Nouv. Thes. 6, partly) ;
branches elongated, erect, fairly stout, subterete, glabrous ; leaves
lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute or subacute, 3—4 lin. long, flat
and fleshy, glabrous; flowers solitary or 2-3 together in the axils
_ of the bracts, very shortly pedunculate ; bracts leaf-like, shortly
te to the peduncle, lanceolate, acutely acuminate, up to 2 lin.
o 2
196 SANTALACE (Hill). [ Thesiwm.
long, rather rigid, glabrous ; bracteoles very small ; perianth 14 lin.
long, urceolate, with conspicuous external glands and a ring of hairs
at the throat; segments linear, obtuse, 3 lin. loag, with an apical
beard of stiff straight hairs; anthers exserted from the perianth-
tube, } lin. long; stigma sessile: fruits not seen. A.DC. in DC.
Prodr. xiv. 669, excl. Gueinzius, 407. TT. spartewm, Sond. in Flora,
1857, 358, 406.
SourH Arrica: without precise locality, Harvey, 711! Penther !
Coast Recion: Clanwilliam Div.; near Brakfontein, Ecklon & Zeyher,
ve
Worcester Div. ; Breede River valley, near Bains Kloof, 800 ft., Bolus, 2928!
Cape Div. ; near Rondebosch, Cape Dunes, below 100 ft., Bolus, 3919!
> 119, T. diversifolium (Sond. in Flora, 1857, 359); stem finely
ribbed, woody, glabrous; branches short, ascending; leaves de-
eurrent on the stem, rather densely arranged, at length recurved,
the lower linear, subterete, acute, 6-7 lin. long, about } lin. thick,
the upper linear-lanceolate, subacute, 14-2 lin. long, flat on the
upper surface, slightly keeled below, sometimes very minutely
glandular-puberulous on the margins and midrib, otherwise
glabrous, thick and fleshy ; flowers arranged in dense ovoid spikes
1-1 in. long; bracts purplish, linear-lanceolate, acutely acuminate,
all except the lowest shorter than the flowers, with narrowly
membranous minutely serrulate margins, glabrous; bracteoles
similar to the bracts but a little shorter and narrower ; perianth
2 lin. long, with conspicuous external glands and a ring ot throat
hairs ; segments linear-lanceolate, acute, 14 lin. long, hooded, with
a beard of stout straight apical hairs and hairy margins; anthers
exserted, at the base of the perianth-segments, } lin. long ; stigma
sessile; fruits globose (Sonder), ribbed, equalling in length the
persistent perianth. TT. spicatum, A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 668,
partly.
Coast Recton : Tulbagh Div. ; mountain plains near Tulbagh Waterfall, 1000-
2000 ft., Ecklon & tly !
7 120. T. aggregatum (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 22);
stems and branches ascending, subterete, glabrous ; leaves small,
flat, adpressed to the stem, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute,
14-2 lin. long, rigid, blackish when dry, glabrous ; flowers crowded
in terminal heads, the latter subcapitate to oblong-linear ; bracts
ovate, acutely acuminate, with a broad fleshy midrib and green
subtranslucent jagged-denticulate margins, glabrous ; bracteoles as
long as, but much narrower than the bracts, otherwise similar ;
perianth 1}~-2 lin. long, with a ring of hairs within the throat ;
segments about 1% lin. long, linear, subacute, with a stiff stout
comb-like apical beard; anthers exserted from the perianth-tube,
} lin. long ; stigma sessile ; fruits ellipsoid, 3 lin. long including the =
persistent perianth, prominently 10-ribbed, rather delicately reticu- _
late between the ribs. ‘
Thesiwm. | SANTALACE (Hill). 197
Sours Arrica : without locality, Osbeck ! Wallich!
Coast Recion: Vanrhynsdorp Div. ; Windhoek, 1000 ft., Schlechter, 8348!
Clanwilliam Div, ; Lammskraal, 1150 ft., Diels, 779! Malmesbury Div. ; near
Hopefield, Bachmann, 1694! 1695! near Darling, 100 ft., Schlechter, 5837! Cape
Div., 80-1000 ft. ; near Cape Town, 100 ft., Bolus, Herb, Norm. Austr.-Afr.,
1360! Ecklon, 793! Wynberg, Bolus, 2931! Schlechter, 215! 7545! Muizenberg,
Belus, 3933, partly ! Kenilworth, Bolus, 7049! Herzog House Retreat, Wolley-
Dod, 2364! near Vygeskraal, Wolley-Dod, 2371! Liesbeck River, Bergius !
Zeyher, 793 | 4879 !
121. T. spicatum (Linn. Mant. Alt. 214); stems simple or
branched, grooved or angular, glabrous; branches erect or sub-
erect ; lower leaves erect, acicular, up to 2} in. long, acute, about
2 lin. thick, terete except for a narrow groove on the upper surface,
glabrous ; upper leaves adpressed to the stem, with spreading tips,
linear-lanceolate, acute, 3-4 lin. long, concave on the upper surface,
rigid, glabrous ; flowers arranged in dense thick terminal cylindrical
spikes }-2 in, long; bracts as long as or shorter than the flowers,
obovate-oblanceolate, acutely acuminate, 2-3 lin. long, 1-1} lin.
broad, with a black thick fleshy keel and rather membranous
reddish margins, glabrous ; bracteoles linear or linear-lanceolate,
as long as, but much narrower than the bracts; perianth 14-2 lin.
long, with a ring of hairs at the throat ; segments linear-lanceolate,
subacute, nearly 2 lin. long, with a stiff adpressed beard of hairs ;
anthers exserted from the perianth-tube, } lin. long ; stigma sessile.
Sond. in Flora, 1857, 360; A.DC. in DOC. Prodr. xiv. 668, excl.
Ecklon, Zeyher & Drége and syns. T. diversifolium and T. subnudum,
Sond.
Sout ArrRica: without locality, Otto! Chamisso, 14c! specimen in the Linnean
Herbarium !
Coast Reaton: Cape Div. ; Devils Peak, Bergius! Table Mountain, Burchell,
950! 619! 1500 ft., Bolus, 4206 8! Liesbeck River, Bergius! Simons Bay,
Wright! Ringgold & Rogers! Caledon Div.; near Genadendal, 3400-4600 ft.,
Bolus, 7423 ! without precise locality, Thom!
-—~ 122. T. bathyschistum (Schlechter in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. 116);
stems erect, about 9 in. high, branched in the upper part, glabrous ;
branches erect ; lower leaves acicular, subterete, obtuse, {—1} lin.
long, § lin. thick, fleshy, glabrous ; flowers arranged in short dense
capitate or subcapitate spikes ; heads composed of 3-flowered cymes ;
bracts lanceolate or a few of the lower ovate-lanceolate, with sub-
acute often blackish tips, 2-3 lin. long, rather sharply keeled, with
slightly membranous entire margins, glabrous ; bracteoles linear or
linear-lanceolate, acute, usually nearly as long as the bracts ;
perianth 1} lin. long, with a ring of hairs in the throat ; segments
linear or linear-lanceolate, subacute, hooded, 1} lin. long, with a
beard of stout stiff hairs within the hood, and hairy margins, and a
ring of short hairs at the throat of the tube; anthers exserted,
inserted at the base of the perianth-segments, } lin. long ; stigma
sessile ; fruits subglobose, capped by the long persistent perianth,
2h lin. long, distinctly 10-ribbed, slightly reticulate between the ribs.
198 SANTALACE® (Hill). [ Thesiwint.
Coast Region: Caledon ; Onrust River, 3000 ft., Schlechten- !
T. spicatum, 8, in herb. Thunb. very probably should be referred to this
species.
123. T. subnudum (Sond. in Flora, 1857, 360); stems and
branches elongated, very slender, finely sulcate, glabrous, almost
leafless in the upper parts; with a few lower leaves Jong and
acicular, 3-2 in. long, 4—-} lin. thick, subterete, glabrous; flowers
in rather slender and often elongated terminal spikes ; bracts linear
or linear-lanceolate, acute, about as long as the flowers, keeled ;
bracteoles similar to the bracts but shorter; perianth {-14 lin.
long, with a ring of hairs in the throat ; segments linear-lanceolate,
acute, hooded, #-1 lin. long, with an apical beard of few stout hairs
and hairy margins ; anthers exserted, at the base of the perianth-
segments, | lin. long; stigma sessile ; fruits ovoid-globose, 2 lin,
long, subconspicuously 10-ribbed, very slightly reticulate between
the ribs. 7’. spicatum, E. Meyer in Drege, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 82,
not elsewhere ; A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 668, partly, not of Linn. ;
Sond. in Flora, 1857, 406 in obs. T. funale, Sond. in Flora, 1857,
358, partly, not of Linn.
Var. B, foliosum (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 42); stems with scattered
leaves on upper portions.
Coast Recion: Clanwilliam Div.; Olifants River Valley, Stephens, 7304!
Tulbagh Div. ; Tulbagh Waterfall, Ecklon & Zeyher, 56, partly! New Kloof,
500 ft., Schlechter, 9034! Worcester Div. ; Dutoits Kloof, Drégea! Paarl Div.;
Paarl Mountain, 600 ft., Bolus, 2929! Riversdale Div.; Garcias Pass, 1000 ft.,
Galpin, 4549! Oudtshorn Div., Miss Britten, 84! Uniondale Div. ; Zwartberg
Range near Avontuur, Bolus, 2457 ! Uitenhage Div. ; Vanstadens Berg, LOM
Zeyher, 6! Var. B: Bredasdorp Div. ; Elim, 500 ft., Schlechter, 7694! Humans-
orp Div. ; Kruisfontein, 500 ft., Galpin, 4550! Port Elizabeth Div. ; Port
Elizabeth, Bolus !
124. T. elatius (Sond. in Flora, 1857, 355); a fleshy shrub
several feet high ; branches flexuous, terete, glabrous ; leaves linear,
boat-shaped, keeled, acute or subacute, 3-7 lin. long, about 1 lin.
broad, fleshy, glabrous, at length spreading or recurved ; flowers
white, arranged in rather short or subcapitate spikes ; bracts shorter
than the flowers, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, subacute, 2-3 lin.
long, at first adjacent to the flower, at length spreading or recurved,
thick and fleshy, sharply keeled, glabrous ; bracteoles 2, soon falling
off, linear, acute, a little shorter than the bracts ; flowers large and
solitary within the bracts, with a short stout pedicel ; perianth
13-2 lin. long, with conspicuous external glands; segments
lanceolate, acute, 1-1} lin. long, with a dense woolly apical beard
of long hairs and a dense ring of short stiff brown hairs in the
throat of the tube; anthers in the tube mainly exserted or partially
included, about % lin. long ; style nearly 4 lin. long, the stigma below
the base of the anthers; fruits contracted at the base, subglobose,
nearly 3 lin. long including the persistent perianth, not very con
Thesium.| SANTALACE# (Hill). 199
spicuously 10-ribbed, verrucose-reticulate between the ribs. A.DC.
in DC. Prodr. xiv. 670.
Coast Recon: Van Rhynsdorp Div.; near the Olifants River at Driefontein,
Zeyher, 1503! Ebenezer, 100 ft., Diels, 515! Karee Berg, 1500 ft., Schlechter,
8216! Caivinia Diy. ; Onder Bokkeveld, at Papelfontein, 2200 ft., Schlechter,
10891 !
—> 125, T. Frisea (Linn. Mant. Alt. 213); stems fairly slender,
ascending, often much-branched ; branches suleate, glabrous ; leaves
linear-acicular, acute, 4-1} in. long, about } lin. thick, glabrous ;
flowers arranged in fairly dense spikes of cymules; bracts free from
the peduncle, linear, acute, up to 2 lin. long, rather sharply keeled
below, concave above; bracteoles about half the length of the
flowers, with very narrowly membranous finely toothed margins ;
perianth 1-1} lin. long, with conspicuous external glands ; segments
elliptic, flat, subacute, ? lin, long, more or less hooded, with a dense
woolly apical beard and a ring of throat hairs ; anthers exserted,
% lin. long; style 1-1 lin. long, reaching to the level of the ring of
hairs ; fruits ellipsoid-globose, 14 lin. long, distinctly 10-ribbed,
strongly reticulate between the ribs. Sond. in Flora, 1857, 359;
A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 667. T. debile, R. Br. Prodr. 353, name
only ; Spreng. Syst. i. 830; A.DC. Le. T. debile, var. Ecklonis,
ADC. Le. T. amblystachyum, A.DC. Esp. Nouv. Thes. 6, and in
DC. I.c. 668. T. monticolum, Sond. in Flora, 1857, 359, and 406.
Var. 6, Thunbergii(A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 667) ; stems mostly procumbent
and subsimple, up to 10 in. long; leaves much broader and more fleshy than in
the type. 7’. Frisea, Thunb. Diss. Thes. 10 ; Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 210, not of Linn.
T. crassifolium, R. Br. Prodr, 353; A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 672, name only.
T. debile, var. humile, A.DC. in DC. lc. 667.
Sourn Arrica : without locality, Banks in herb. Mus. Brit!
Coast Reeion: Clanwilliam Div.; Olifants River Mountains, 840 ft.,
Schlechter, 5090! Piquetherg Div. ; near Porterville, 600 ft., Schlechter, 10738!
near Piquetberg Road Station, 300 ft., Diels, 169! Malmesbury Div.; Coeraten
Berg, near Hopefield, Bachmann, 1697! near Mamre, 300 ft., Bolus, 4329!
Tulbagh Div. ; near Tulbagh Waterfall, Ecklon & Zeyher, 10! near Saron, 1000 ft.,
l r, ! Cape Div. ; region around Cape Town, Koenig in the Linnean
Herbarium | Osbeck | Forster! Bergius! Ecklon, 795! Harvey! 714! 723! Bolus,
2930! 3927! 43298! 7047! Schlechter, B40T 602! Wilms, 3607! Wolley-Dod,
2658 ! 2920! Drége e in Herb. Kew and Stockholm! Riversdale Diy. ; near Riversdale,
550 ft., Bolus, 11377! Knysna Diy.: Vlugt, Bolus, 2459! Var. B: Piquetberg
Div. ; Verlooren Valley, Thunberg! Malmesbury Div.; near Hopefield, Bach-
mann, 1696! Berg River, Ecklon & Zeyher, 45! Zeyher, 323! Cape Div. ; Raapen-
berg Vey, Wolley-Dod, 3359! near Sea Point, Wolley-Dod, 1785! Cape Flats,
Schmieterloh, 202! and without precise locality, Sparmann! Zeyher, 155!
126. T. annulatum (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 23);
a small plant probably only up to 4 in. high, branched from near
the base ; branches few, ascending, subterete, glabrous, clothed in
the lower part with a few persistent blackened leaves ; leaves fairly
densely arranged, subparallel to the stem, linear or linear-lanceolate,
200 SANTALACE& (Hill). [ Thesium.
acute, 2-3 lin. long, concave or flat on the upper surface, rounded
on the lower, thick and fleshy, glabrous ; flowers arranged in small
dense subglobose heads 3-4 lin. in diam.; bracts linear-oblong,
acute, nearly as long as the flowers, fleshy, slightly keeled ;
bracteoles nearly as long as the bracts but narrower ; perianth 1}
lin. long, with conspicuous external glands and a ring of throat
hairs ; segments ovate, obtuse, 3 lin. long, flat, with a dense apical
woolly beard ; anthers } lin. long; filaments attached in the tube,
but the anthers slightly exserted ; stigma sessile ; fruits not seen.
Coast Recton: Worcester Div. ; Matroosberg, 6500 ft., Marloth, 2252 Gin Herb.
Marloth, not of Herb. Bolus) !
127. T. brachygyne (Schlechter in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. 117);
stems very slender, branched, } lin. thick, slightly angular, glabrous ;
branches ascending, sparingly leafy ; leaves scattered, slender, sub-
terete, acute, 3-6 lin. long, about + lin. thick, distinctly warted
when dry, otherwise glabrous; flowers arranged in small globose
terminal clusters about 2 lin. in diam., often with a younger shoot
from just below one side of the older clusters ; bracts shorter than
the flowers, narrowly lanceolate, acutely acuminate, with slightly
membranous entire margins, glabrous; bracteoles reaching to the
base of the perianth, subulate, acute; perianth ? lin. long, with a
ring of hairs in the throat ; segments oblong-lanceolate, subacute,
2 lin. long, rather densely bearded with woolly hairs; anthers
exserted from the perianth-tube, about 1 lin. long; stigma sessile ;
fruits ovoid-globose, stipitate, 14 lin. long, including the stipe and
persistent perianth, distinctly 10-ribbed and reticulate.
Coast Reaiox: Paarl Div.; mountains near French Hoek, 2800-3800 fc.,
Schlechter, 9247, 9297 !
128, T. Patersone (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 36) ; stem
about 9 in. high, sparingly branched from the base or near the base,
slightly sulcate, glabrous; branchlets ascending ; leaves linear,
acute, subterete or sometimes somewhat flattened on the upper
surface, 2-8 lin. long, thick, glabrous; flowers in 3—5-flowered
cymules arranged in dense terminal ovoid spikes about 4 in. long ;
bracts linear-lanceolate, acute, shorter than the flowers, greenish
when dry, glabrous, with narrow membranous entire margins ;
bracteoles much shorter than the bracts; perianth urceolate, 14
lin. long, with conspicuous external glands and a ring of throat
hairs ; segments lanceolate, subacute, } lin. long, with a dense apical
beard of woolly hairs and hairy margins; anthers } lin. long,
exserted ; stigma sessile; fruits not seen.
Coast Recion: Port Elizabeth Div. ; Walmer, Mrs. Paterson, 682! 792!
Thesidium. | SANTALACE& (Hill). 201
II. THESIDIUM, Sond.
Flowers diccious. Male flowers: Perianth hypocrateriform ;
tube short, slender, continuous with the solid receptacle ; segments
spreading, with a bundle of hairs arising from their base and
attached to the back of the anthers. Stamens 4; filaments short,
inserted at the base of the perianth-segments ; anthers small, cells
parallel, dehiscing longitudinally. Style rudimentary or more often
absent. Female flowers: receptacle ovoid, adnate to the ovary.
Perianth-tube very shortly campanulate or scarcely evident; seg-
ments 4, rarely 5. Dise usually obscure. Staméinodes rarely present.
Ovary inferior ; style short ; stigma obscurely 2—3-lobed ; ovules, 2-3,
pendulous from the apex of a central straight or folded filiform
placenta. Fruit a nut as in Thesium with a fleshy basal ring, small,
globose or ovoid, crowned by the persistent perianth, 5-ribbed and
conspicuously reticulate, sometimes pitted; endocarp crustaceous.
Embryo terete in the centre of fleshy albumen, often oblique.
Low shrublets or herbs, much-branched, semiparasitic ; leaves alternate, often
very small or squamiform, rigid ; flowers very small, subsessile, solitary or in 2-3-
flowered cymules in the axils of bracts, arranged in slender terminal spikes ;
bracts and bracteoles in the male plants usually small, in the female often
conspicuous, frequently hispid or scabridulous.
Disrris. Species 7 or 8, all South African.
Male and female plants similar. Bracts and bracteoles
scale-like, fleshy :
Plants very slender ; branches delicate, flexuous, pros-
trate or erect ; flowers distant ; bracts very small ; ‘
fruit subsessile a nee aa ... (1) exocarpeoides.
Plants fairly stout; branches flexuous, prostrate ;
flowers distant; bracts keeled, broadly ovate- e
lanceolate, navicular ; fruit stipitate Sil ... (2) Thunbergii.
Plants stout ; branches erect, intricate, crowded ; flowers
crowded ; bracts with prominent apical keel-wing ; :
fruit subsessile sie : w+ ove (3) fragile.
Male and female plants dissimilar. Male plants with
subulate or ovate-lanceolate, herbaceous bracts.
Female plants with conspicuous leafy bracts :
Male plants :
Stems and bracts conspicuously hairy; bracts
crowded, imbricate, curved, longer than the usually :
solitary flowers oe os se ane ... (4) hirtum.
Stems and bracts scabridulous or subglabrous ; bracts
usually spreading :
Bracts shorter than or subequal to flowers, curved ; ‘
plants slender, subglabrous, annual... .-- (5) minus.
. Bracts twice as long as flowers, spreading ; woody
subshrubs :
Bracts and stem-ribs verruculose or subsca- :
bridulous ; bracts keeled ; leaves 2-4 lin. long (6) fruticulosum.
oo
202 SANTALACE& (Hill.) [ Thesidiuim.
Bracts and stem-angles conspicuously scabridulous
or scabrid-fimbriate ; bracts winged; leaves
%-lin. long... ie at tee ... (7) longifolium.
Female plants:
Stems and bracts densely hairy; bracts crowded,
imbricate ; plants 4-5 in. high... ee ... (4) hirtum.
Stems and bracts verruculose, scabridulous or sub-
glabrous :
Bracts and stems subglabrous ; slender annuals... (5) minus.
Bracts and stems verruculose or scabridulous ; woody
subshrubs :
Bracts lanceolate, 2-3 lin. long, horny ; flowers
in 2-flowered cymules ; leaves 2--4 lin. long... (6) fruticulosum.
Bracts linear-lanceolate, 6-8 lin. long, herbaceous ;
flowers solitary ; leaves 3-1 in. long... ... (7) longifolium,
1.‘ T. exocarpzeoides (Sond. in Flora, 1857, 365); rootstock
stout, woody ; stems erect, woody below, stouter in the female
plants, glabrous, green, terete, ribbed, 10-15 in. high; branches
and branchlets elongate, slender, flexuous especially in the male
plants, conspicuously ribbed, becoming subangled towards the
apex, ribs horny, translucent; leaves reduced to fleshy subrotund
scales ; flowers solitary, regularly and somewhat sparsely arranged
in elongated flexuous spikes; bracts and bracteoles broadly sub-
rotund, fleshy, keeled, about } lin. long, much shorter than the
flowers, margins membranous and fimbriate ; male flowers : perianth
about % lin. long; tube saucer-like; segments ovate, spreading,
4 lin. long ; anthers exserted ; female flowers : perianth 2 lin. long ;
segments lanceolate, subacute, margins infolded, subspreading :
style } lin. long; fruit subsessile, globose, $—} lin. long, with con-
spicuous reticulations. Thesiwm microcarpum, A.DC. Esp. Nouv.
Thes. 5; Sond. in Flora, 1857, 405. Thesidium microcarpum, A.DC.
in DC. Prodr. xiv. 674.
Coast Reaion : Swellendam Div.; Hessaquas Kloof, Zeyher, 3814! Rivers-
dale Div. ; hills near the Gouritz River, 200 ft., Schlechter, 5717! Albany Div. ;
Bothas Berg, near Grahamstown, 2200 ft., MacOwan, 1188!
2. T. Thunbergii (Sond. in Flora, 1857, 364) ; a subshrub, more
or less prostrate, entirely glabrous; stems 10-15 in. long, ribbed,
angled above, with numerous lateral flexuous branches ; branches
conspicuously ribbed or angled, subtriquetrous, angles horny, trans
lucent ; leaves reduced to fleshy subulate or linear-subulate scales
1-1} lin. long; flowers remote on the axillary branchlets ; bracts
subrotund, navicular, subacute or obtuse, fleshy, 4 lin. long;
bracteoles broadly ovate-lanceolate, acute, navicular, margins mem-
branous, subimbricate, sharply keeled, all shorter than the flowers ;
male flowers solitary in the bract-axils ; perianth } lin. long ; seg-
ments { lin. long, spreading; female flowers solitary ; perianth
4 lin. long; segments erect, flat, ovate; disc more or less con
spicuous ; style } lin. long; fruit ovoid-globose, about ? lin. in
Thesidium. } SANTALACE& (Hill). 208
diam., pedicellate ; pedicel # lin. long. Thesium fragile, Linn. fi.
Suppl. 162; Murr. Syst. Veg. ed. xiv. 250; Willd. Sp. Pl. i. ii.
1215; Thunb. Fl. Cap. ed. Schult, 208, as to Thunb. Herb. fol. a,
Thesium podocarpum, A.DC. Esp. Nouv. Thes. 5; Sond. in Flora,
1857, 405. Thesidium podocarpum, A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 674.
Sourn Arrica : without locality, Osbechk, 159!
Coast Recion: Malmesbury Div. ; sand hills at Saldanha Bay or St. Helena
Bay, Thunberg ! Cape Div.; Cape Sand Dunes, Eeklon &_ Zeyher. ! Knysna
Div.; sand hills of Plettenbergs Bay, Burchell, 5322! Homtini Pass, 800 ft.,
By Galpin, 4553! Uitenhage Div.; strand near Cape Recief, Ecklon & Zeyher, 31!
: Zeyher, 642! Port Elizabeth, Sim, 2669 !
— 3.17, fragile (Sond. in Flora, 1857, 364) ; a shrub or subshrub,
stout, woody, erect, 12-18 in. high, much-branched, entirely
glabrous ; branches erect or subspreading, dense, intricate, more or
less densely covered with flowers, ribbed or subangled ; leaves scale-
like, fleshy, broadly subrotund, with a thickened keel-wing at the
apex ; inflorescences more or less crowded ; bracts and bracteoles
broadly triangular, ovate, navicular, curved, abruptly subacute or
acute, with a prominent fleshy keel at the apex, about 4 lin. long ;
bracteoles with membranous slightly fimbriate margins, }—j lin.
long ; male flowers : perianth } lin. long; tube well marked ; seg-
ments ovate, obtuse or subacute, hooded, 2 lin. long ; anthers
yy lin. long; filaments 1. lin. long; style } lin. long, sometimes
present, but no rudiment of ovary ; female flowers: perianth §—} lin.
long ; segments % lin. long; dise well-marked ; style stout, { lin.
long ; fruit sessile or subsessile, ovoid, 1-14 lin. long, #-1 lin. broad
with conspicuous ribs. A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv.674; Marloth, Fl.
S. Afr. 161, #. 37, jig. B. Thesium fragile, Thunb. Herb. fol. B.
Sourn Arrica: wi i bye! Harvey, 539!
Coast > ncaa Malerborn Bie ea hills a Saldanha Bay or St. Helena
Bay, 7) hunberg! Cape Div.; Cape dunes, Ecklon & Zeyher, 29! Muizenberg,
sandy hills near the sea, Bolus, 4926! beyond Retreat; e railway, Wolley-
Dod, 3653! False Bay, Marloth! Kalk Bay, Bolus, 4759! Caledon Div. ; without
aay locality, Thom, 963! Riversdale Div.; Garcias Pass, 1200 ft., Galpin,
905!
L. exocarpxoides, T. Thunbergii and T. fragile are all closely allied, especially
the two latter, and it may be that 7’. Thunbergii represents only a varietal form of
P. fragile. They can, however, be easily separated on the characters of the
racts and the lax or dense inflorescences.
_> 4.7. hirtum (Sond. in Flora, 1857, 365); herbaceous above,
Woody at the base, 4-9 in. high, with stout woody tap root ; stems
woody below, erect, with numerous erect branches arising from near
the base, ribbed, angled, hirsute; male plants: leaves few, linear,
acute, 3-6 lin. long, keeled, margins and keel hirsute-scabridulous :
tranches almost entirely floriferous; flowers arranged in more or
less dense spikes ; bracts elliptic- or ovate-lanceolate, acute, incurved,
Sharply keeled, prominently decurrent, 14-1} lin. long ; bracteoles
to the bracts, hirsute-scabridulous on keel and margins, both
204 SANTALACEZ (Hill). [ Thesidiwm.
bracteoles and bracts longer than the flowers ; flowers solitary or in
3-flowered cymules, sessile in bract-axils ; perianth orange when dry,
& lin. long; segments triangular-ovate, 2 lin. long; anthers about
yp lin. long; style rudiment present; female plants: leaves
numerous, linear-lanceolate, acute, somewhat fleshy, sharply keeled,
about 4 lin. long, margins infolded, densely hirsute on keel and
margins ; inflorescences 2—4 in. long, dense ; bracts and bracteoles
leaf-like, fleshy, keeled, incurved, 4-6 lin. long, keel and margins
horny, densely hirsute-scabridulous, bracteoles with infolded margins,
14-3 lin. long ; flowers solitary, rarely in 3-flowered cymules ;
perianth 2 lin. long ; segments | lin, long, margins hooded, infolded ;
style 1-1 lin. stout ; stigma subtrilobed ; fruit globose, about 1 lin.
in diam., pitted between the prominent reticulations. 7’. globosum,
A.D. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 673. T. strigulosum, A.DC. in DC. Prodr.
xiv. 673. T. hirtulum, Sond. in Flora, 1857, 405 (cit. in err.)
Thesium globosum, A.DC. Esp. Nouv. Thes. 4. Thesium strigulosum,
A.DC. Esp. Nouv. Thes. 4; Sond. in Flora, 1857, 405.
SoutH AFrrica: without locality, Thom !
Coast Recion : Cape Div. ; Simons Bay, Wright! near Simons Town, 1200 ft.,
Bolus, 4689 ! Table Mountain, near Constantia, Ecklon & Zeyher, 35.1 Caledon Div. ;
Zwart Berg, Zeyher, 3815! Bredasdorp Div. ; near Elim, 400-700 ft., Bolus, 8602 !
Schlechter, 7642! Koude River, 1000 ft., Schlechter, 9627 ! 9628!
5. T. minus (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 98) ; annual ;
tap-root stout ; stems numerous, especially in male plaats, arising
from the apex of the rootstock, erect or spreading, sparingly
branched above, 3-6 in. long, ribbed, floriferous almost throughout,
subglabrous, leaves at the base of plants narrowly linear-lanceolate
or acicular, with a distinct rib, 3-6 lin. long, conspicuous and
gradually replaced by linear bracts in female and abruptly by
subulate bracts in male plants; male plants: inflorescences simple
or branched; bracts and bracteoles ovate-lanceolate or subulate,
navicular, curved, acute, slightly keeled, about equal to or shorter
than the flowers, } lin. long, margins translucent, scarcely scabrous,
. verruculose ; flowers sessile in axillary glomerules of 3-flowered
_cymules; perianth 2 lin. long; segments spreading } lin. long ;
female plants: inflorescences simple or branched, rather lax ; stems
usually floriferous in the upper parts; bracts leaf-like, 14-25 lin.
long, linear or acicular, abruptly acute, erect or spreading, keeled,
margins and keel membranous, subscabridulous ; bracteoles % lin.
long, about equal in length to the flowers or shorter, folded, sharply
keeled ; flowers usually solitary, lateral flowers sometimes developing
later, shortly pedunculate ; perianth about } lin. long ; segments
+ lin. long, margins more or less undulate ; style } lin. long ; fruit
globose, } lin. in diam., prominently reticulate ; pedicel } lin. long.
Coast Recroy: Caledon Div.; Houw Hoek, 1200 ft., Schlechter, 9431! 9432!
near Vogelgat, 1200 ft., Qehlechter, 10415 9!(?) Bredasdorp Div. ; hills at Riet
Fontein Poort, near Elim; Folus, iversdale Div. ; near Riversdale, Rust,
280! Garcias Pass, 1200 ft., Galpin, 4554!
Thesidium.} “SANTALACEA (Hill). 205
> 6. T. fruticulosum (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 99); a
subshrub, about 1 ft. high ; stems erect or spreading, much-branched
in male plants, stout, woody, sharply ribbed or subangled, ribs
verruculose or subscabridulous; leaves near the base, linear-
lanceolate, with horny translucent keel and membranous margins,
4-i in. long; male plants: branches numerous, stiff, spreading,
with prominent verruculose or subscabrous ribs, entirely and more
or less densely floriferous ; bracts leaf-like, lanceolate, acute, about
1} lin. long, sharply keeled, flat above, margins and keel translucent,
verruculose or subscabridulous ; bracteoles 1} lin. long, longer than
flowers ; flowers subsessile in axillary 3-flowered cymules ; perianth
s lin. long; segments triangular-ovate, 2 lin. long ; anthers about
y'z lin. long; female plants: branches stout, erect, crowded, with
lateral axillary inflorescences; stem-angles prominent, horny,
verruculose ; bracts 2-3 lin. long, lanceolate, keel-wing sharp,
decurrent, horny and scabrous, margins infolded, scabrous ;
bracteoles similar to the bracts, longer than the flowers ; flowers
in 2-flowered cymules in the bract-axils, sessile; perianth about
§ lin. long; segments erect, } lin. long; style stout, } lin. long ;
fruit globose, ¢ lin. in diam., subsessile, conspicuously reticulate.
Sourw Arrica : without locality, Harvey, 709 $&9?! i
Coast Reaion: «Cape Div. ;* Table Mountain, in Groene Kloof, (Galpin,
4556 (2)! Slang Kop, 700° ft., Wolley-Dod, 3187 (6)! slopes near Buffels Bay,
Wolley-Dod, 2869 ! Durban Hills, Guthrie, 2407 $! Caledon Div. ; near Vogelgat,
1000 ft., Schlechter, 10414 $! (?)
7. T, longifolium (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 99); a
subshrub, about 15 in. high; stems erect, woody at the base,
conspicuously ribbed and angled, ribs and angles scabrid-verruculose ;
leaves at the base narrowly linear-lanceolate, acute, keeled, #—1 in.
or more long, margins and keel translucent, scabrid-verruculose or
fimbriate ; flowers distributed uniformly and fairly densely along
the whole length of the branches; male plants: bracts spreading,
ovate-lanceolate, acute, 14 lin. long, margins and keel-wing trans-
lucent, scabridulous or scabrid-fimbriate, keel-wing conspicuously
decurrent ; bracteoles } lin. long, margins infolded ; flowers in_
axillary glomerules of about 5-flowered cymules ; perianth } lin.
long ; segments 3 lin. long ; style rudiment often present ; female
plants : bracts leaf-like, conspicuous, lanceolate, acute, ascending
_ or slightly recurved, 6-8 lin. long; bracteoles 4-6 lin. long, with
_ margins infolded, keel-wing in both sharp with margins translucent
scabridulous or scabrid-timbriate ; flowers infolded in the large
. les, solitary ; perianth } lin. long; segments } lin. long ;
SC prominent ; fruit globose, about 1 lin. in diam., stipitate, with
conspicuous reticulations.
Coast Reaion : Cape Div. ; eastern side of Table Mountain, 1200 ft., Bolus,
4607 9! 4608 3!
__ The fe i est in any known species and may be easily
i “oral gceadletepriro a and leafy bracts. ihe male plants resemble
206 SANTALACE (Hill). | Thesidium.
those of 7, fruticulosum, but may be distinguished by their stouter habit with
the stem-angles and keel-wings of the bracts markedly scabridulous or scabrid-
fimbriate.
Imperfectly known species.
8. T. leptostachyum (Sond. in Flora, 1857, 405) ; a subshrub ;
branches angled, 8 in. long; leaves narrowly linear, 2—5 lin. long,
1 lin. broad, spreading, acute, with revolute margin ; bracts scarcely
shorter than the flowers, ovate, obtuse, concave, subciliate ; bracteoles
smaller than the bracts ; flowers (male only known) solitary, sparsely
distributed in slender axillary branching spikes 2 in. long ; perianth
1 lin. long, subglobose, glabrous ; segments rounded ; style rudiment
absent. A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 674. Thesium leptostachyum,
A.DC. Esp. Nouv. Thes. 5; Sond. in Flora, 1857, 405.
Coast Recion: Knysna Diy. ; Karratera River, Drége, 8173, in the Vienna
Herbarium.
The description of the male plant suggests a close affinity to 7’. minus, and only
a drawing of the type specimen at Stockholm has been seen. The solitary flowers,
verruculose stem and bracts and bracteoles with ciliated margins suggest that the
species should be retained.
III. OSYRIDICARPOS, A.DC.
Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth adnate to the ovary and pro-
duced above into a cylindrical tube; segments 5, valvate, with a
tuft of hairs on the face attached to the back of the anther.
Stamens 5, inserted below the segments ; filaments short, slender ;
anthers ovoid, with 2 parallel cells dehiscing longitudinally ; disc
indistinct. Ovary inferior ; ovules 2~3, pendulous from the tip of
a flexuous filiform central placenta ; stigma obscurely lobed. Drupe
globose, crowned with the persistent perianth.
Undershrubs, with long slender sarmentose sulcate branchlets ; leaves alternate,
shortly petioled, oblong or lanceolate, triplinerved ; flowers in terminal racemes
produced down into the axils of the leaves, small, green ; bracteoles minute.
Distrip. Species 5, four in Tropical Africa,
1, O. natalensis (A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 635); a slender
much-branched half-climbing shrub, 5-8 ft. high ; branches scattered,
somewhat spreading; stems and branches conspicuously ribbed,
glabrous or minutely puberulous especially when young, ribs horny,
colourless ; leaves alternate, scattered, spreading, ovate or elliptic-
lanceolate, acute, narrowing at the base into a more or less distinct
petiole, mid-rib and two lateral parallel veins usually prominent,
subcoriaceous, subglabrous or minutely puberulous especially on
veins and margins, $1} in. long, 2-8 lin. broad; petiole up to
3 lin. long, usually minutely puberulous; flowers creamy-white
(Galpin), solitary or in 3-flowered cymules in the axils of leaty
bracts arranged in lax racemes ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, acute, leaf-
like; peduncles minutely puberulous ; bracteoles linear, acute or
Osyridicarpos. | SANTALACE (Hill). 207
subulate, minutely puberulous, I—2 lin. long; perianth 23-34 lin.
long, with or without 5 subdependent glandular bodies or callosities
at the base and with 5 external ribs continued down the ovary, ribs
and perianth externally subglabrous or minutely puberulous ;
perianth-tube 2-21 lin. long; segments ovate-lanceolate, acute,
spreading, ?-1 lin. long; stamens partly exserted; filaments in-
serted just below throat of perianth-tube, }—} lin. long; anthers
+ lin. long, attached at the apex by a tuft of long perianth-hairs ;
style 2-2} lin. long ; fruit ovoid or subglobose, 24-3 lin. long ;
2} lin. in diam. (4—5 lin. in diam., Harvey), smooth, with depressed
ribs and reticulations. Harv. Thes. Cap. ii. 63, t. 199; Marloth,
Fl. S. Afr. i. 161. Thesium macrocarpum, E. Meyer in Drege, Zwei
PA. Documente, 143, 226.
Coast Rraton: Albany Div.; near Grahamstown, Schlechter, 2667! Read !
Bolus, 1929! Blue Krantz, Burchell, 3646! between Blue Krantz and Kowi
Poort, Burchell, 3662! King Williamstown Div.; Yellow-wood River, 1000-
2000 ft., Drége! near King Williamstown, Tyson, 1008! Komgha Div. ; near
the Kei River, Flanagan in MacOwan, Herb, Austr.-Afr., 1528! British Kaffraria ;
without precise locality, Cooper, 30!
CENTRAL REGION : Somerset Div. ; without precise locality, Bowker !
KataHart KEGION: Transvaal ; Houtbosch, Rehmann, 5961! near Barberton,
Galpin, 593! Waterval Onder, Rogers!
Eastern Recion: Transkei; Kentani District, Miss Pegler, 3! Natal; Inanda,
Wood, 612! Van Reenens Pass, Rehmann, 72661 and without precise locality,
Gerrard, 159 ; Cooper, 1188!
The specimens from the Transvaal, and especially that from Waterval Onder, are
much more puberulous than those from other regions and the external glandular
bodies appear to be absent from the base of the perianth-tube.
ITV. RHOIACARPOS, A.DC.
Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth-tube slender, obconic ; segments
5, ovate, acute, persistent, with a tuft of hairs attached to the
anthers. Stamens with slender filaments ; anthers 2-celled, ovoid.
Dise subconcave, with short prominent obtuse lobes. Ovary inferior,
fleshy ; ovules 5, hanging from the apex of the straight cylindric
- placenta ; style cylindric-conical ; stigmas 5, minute, alternating
with the perianth-segments. Drupe ovoid, crowned with the per-
sistent perianth-segments ; seed bony.
Ashrub ; branches stiff, erect, sometimes fiexuous and subscandent, quadrangular,
With well-marked angles, younger branches almost winged ; leaves opposite, flat,
margins slightly revolute, sessile, with a prominent midrib, varnished above ;
owers in short axillary or terminal racemes or panicles composed of 3-flowered
axillary cymules ; bracts persistent, small, leaf-like, partly adnate to the peduncles ;
fruit fleshy, red, edible, one-seeded. Harv. Gen. 8. Afr. Pl. ed. ii. 383. Hamil-
tonia, Harv. Gen. 8. Afr. Pl. ed. i. 298. Colpoon, Berg. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen.
Pl. iii. 225, partly.
Distrrp. One endemic species.
Bentham and Hooker reduced De Candolle’s genus Rhoiacarpos to Colpoon, Berg.,
but this latter genus has here been merged with Osyris, Linn., since the character
_ Of the opposite leaves on which it was mainly based has not been found to hold
good. There is also no floral difference between Colpoon, Berg., and Osyris, Linn.
208 SANTALACE (Hill). | Rhoiacarpos.
Rhoiacarpos is distinguished especially in the perianth with its 5 segments and in
the style bearing 5 stigmatic surfaces; the segments being persistent on the
mature fruit. The sessile definitely opposite leaves also differ markedly from those
of Osyris in being varnished above and in having their margins slightly revolute.
1. R. capensis (A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 635) ; leaves opposite,
ovate or elliptic, cordate at the base, sessile or subsessile, apex acute
or subacute, 1-24 in. long, $-1 in. broad, midrib prominent with
lateral veins almost at right angles to it, margins entire or remotely
and minutely denticulate, usually revolute, coriaceous, varnished
above ; inflorescences small, compact, few-flowered, 6—9 lin. long ;
bracts narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, acute, partly adnate to the short
peduncles, keeled, 1-1} lin. long, cartilaginous ; peduncles $—? lin.
long ; flowers in 3-flowered cymules, subsessile ; perianth 1} lin.
long ; segments about 1 lin. long, ovate, acute, stout, coriaceous ;
disc conspicuous, with fleshy obtuse lobes ; stamens exserted ; fila-
ments slender, } lin. long; anthers } lin. long, attached to the
perianth-segments by a tuft of hairs; style stout, } lin. long; fruit
mature (?), globose, about 4 lin. long, large, red, edible (Burchell).
Santalum capense, Spreng. ec A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 635. Hamil-
tonia capensis, Harv. Gen. S. Afr. Pl. ed. i. 298; Sond. in Flora,
1857, 365.
Coast Recion: Mossel Bay Div.: between Mossel Bay and Zout River,
Burchell, 6336! Uitenhage Div. ; Zwartkop River, Zeyher, 6! near Uitenhage,
Burchell, 4260! Pappe! near Bontjes River, Drége, 2376b! Redhouse, Rogers,
3619! Bathurst Div. ; near Barville Park, Burchell, 4066! 4111! Albany Div. ;
near Grahamstown, Burchell, 3577! Curries Kloof, MacOwan! King Williamstown
Div. ; Tamacha, Sim, 1972! East London Div. ; at East London, Galpin, 1858!
British Kaffraria ; without precise locality, Cooper, 52!
V. OSYRIS, Linn.
Flowers subdiecious. Perianth-tube in the male flowers very
short and solid, in the female entirely adnate to the ovary ; segments
3-4, valvate, deltoid, with a tuft of hairs on the face attached to the
back of the anthers. Stamens 3-4, inserted at the base of the
segments ; filaments rather thick ; anther-cells subparallel, dehiscing
longitudinally. Dise flat, angled between the stamens. Ovary
inferior ; ovules 2-4, pendulous from a short central placenta ; style
short or long; stigma 3—4-fid. Fruit globose, succulent, crowned
with the persistent perianth-segments; albumen fleshy ; embryo
straight or rather curved.
Glabrous shrubs ; leaves alternate, subopposite or opposite, narrow or broad ;
flowers small, in short axillary panicles ; bracts solitary, minute.
Pothcigs Species 9, spread through Southern Europe, India and the whole of
rica.
1, 0. abyssinica (Hochst in Flora, 1841, i. Intell. 22, name only) ;
a much-branched shrub, 6-8 ft. high, glabrous in all its parts ; leaves
alternate, subopposite or opposite, shortly petioled, oblong, 1-3 in.
Osyris, | SANTALACE (Hill). 209
long, mucronate, narrowed to the base, rigidly coriaceous, glaucous,
veins (except the midrib) immersed and almost invisible; male
flowers in shortly peduncled axillary umbellate cymes; bracts
minute, lanceolate ; pedicels larger than the flowers ; buds globose,
+ lin. in diam. ; perianth-lobes 3 or 4, ovate-triangular, with a con-
spicuous disc ; female flowers usually solitary ; berry oblong, scarlet,
the size of a small pea. A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 236; A.DC. in
DC. Prodr, xiv. 633 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 199; Schinz in
Bull, Herb. Boiss. iv. App. iii. 55; Schweinf. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv.
App. ii. 152; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 938 ; Baker & Hill in
Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 433. O. compressa, A.DC. in DC. Prodr.
xiv. 634; Engl. Jahrb. xxx. 305, var. B oblongifolia, A.DC. Le.
Fusanus alternifolia, R. Br. in Salt, Abyss. App. Ixiii., name only.
Colpoon compressum, Berg. Descr. Pl. Cap. 38, t. 1, fig. 1. Fusanus
compressus, Lam. Ill, iii, 435, t. 842, Sond. in Flora, 1857, 365,
Var. B, speciosa (A. W. Hill) ; differs from the type in robust habit and almost
leafless, much exserted inflorescences, with larger bracts and flowers.
Coast REGion : Cape Div. ; Fish Hoek, Wolley-Dod, 667! Camps Bay, Zeyher,
311! Burchell, 368 | 842! Simons Bay, Grey! Wright! Table Mountain, Thunberg !
MacOwan, Herb. Norm. Austr.-Afr., 574! Drége, a! and without precis elocality,
Hooker! Armstrong! Wallich! Pappe! Stellenbosch Div.; near Lowrys Pass,
Burchell, 8284! Riversdale Div.; Garcias Pass, Phillips, 399! near Zoetemelks
River, Burchell, 6629; Mossel Bay Div.; near landing place at Mossel Bay,
Burchell, 6245! Knysna Div.; Plettenbergs Bay, Burchell, 5327! Humansdorp
Div. ; north side of Kromme River, Burchell, 4853! Albany Div. ; Grahamstown,
MacOwan, 43! Broekhuisens Poort 1500-2000 ft., Galpin, 22! Queenstown Div. ;
mountain gullies near Queenstown, 4000 ft., Galpin, 1577! British Kaffraria and
Eastern Districts, Cooper, 50! 225! Var. 8: Caledon Div. ; near Houw Hoek,
1100 ft., Lolus! near Hermanus Pieters Fontein, 100 ft., Bolus !
CentRaL Reaion: Somerset Div. ; mountain above Commadagga, Burchell,
8327! Graaf Reinet Div.; Compass Berg, Shaw! Voor Sneeuw Berg, Burchell,
2858! Cave Mountain, near Graaff Reinet, 3500 ft., Bolus, 207! Oude Berg, near
Graaff Reinet, 3800 ft., Bolus, 207! Aliwal North Div. ; Elands Hoek, near Aliwal
North, Bolus, 194! Colesberg Div.; Colesberg, Arnott ! Philipstown Div. ; near
Petrusville, Burchell, 2696 ! Bavers Pan, Burchell, 27151! :
: Katanartr Reaion: Orange River Colony ; Doorn Kop, Burke! and without
precise locality, Cooper, 3096! Transvaal; Pretoria, Aapies Poort, Rehmann,
4051! Meintjes Kop, 4575-4775 ft., Burtt-Davy, 5033! Wonderboom Poort,
4600 ft., Miss Leendertz, 435! 268! Moordrift, Miss Leendertz, 2168 ! :
Eastern Recon : Natal ; Murchison, 1000 ft., Wood, 3004! Alexandra Dist. :
Dumisa, 2300 ft., Rudatis, 1128 !
Also in Tropical Africa,
Cooper on his label to No, 50 British Kaftraria adds ‘‘ Bark Bosch ‘ used for
tanning leather, and Bolus makes a similar remark on his sheets 207, and gives the
hame ‘* Wilde Granaat ’—fruits edible.
VI. GRUBBIA, Berg.
Flowers hermaphrodite, sessile, arranged in 3- or 2-flowered
axillary cymules or crowded in axillary strobili. Perianth-tube
Short, adnate to the ovary ; segments 4, greenish, ovate or obovate,
FL. C.—VOL. V.—sECT, II. .
210 SANTALACES (Hill). | Grubbia.
valvate, densely pilose on the back. Stamens 8, 4 longer inserted
at the base of the perianth-lobes and 4 shorter alternate with them ;
filaments stout, incurved ; anthers small, dehiscing laterally. Dise
hairy, very slightly prominent. Ovary inferior ; style short, fili-
form; stigma emarginate or slightly bifid; ovules 2, pendulous
from a placenta which may be free or more or less adnate to the
wall. Fruits connate, crowned with disc and style, only one
perfect ; exocarp somewhat fleshy; endocarp often bony. Seed
ovoid ; embryo linear, embedded in the middle of the albumen, sub-
terete ; radicle much longer than the cotyledons.
Heath-like shrubs ; leaves opposite, linear or lanceolate, entire, persistent, with
revolute margins ; flowers small, ternate or in strobili in the axils of each pair of
opposite leaves.
Distris. Species 4, endemic.
This genus was considered by De Candolle to belong toa distinct Natural Order,
Grubbiaceex, which he placed between Elwagnacee and Santalacew. Sonder in
Harvey and Sonder, Fl. Cap. ii. 325, described the genus under Hamamelidacex,
and Bentham & Hooker, Gen. Pl. iii. 231, placed it in their fourth tribe, Grubbiex,
of Santalacex.
Flowers arranged in 3-2-flowered axillary cymules ; leaves
linear or linear-lanceolate :
Bracts bilobed equal to or slightly shorter than the
flowers, sharply keeled below :
Branches tomentose or strigulose ; leaves strigulose
above, subsessile, subcordate or subauriculate at
the base Ne ist Seer + ae» (1) rosmarinifolia.
Branches minutely downy ; leaves glabrous or sub-
glabrous above, narrowing into definite petioles ... (2) pinifolia.
Bracts usually entire, much shorter than the flowers,
rounded on the back ... ae cae ... (3) hirsuta.
Flowers numerous in axillary strobili ; leaves lanceolate .., (4) stricta.
1. G@. rosmarinifolia (Berg. in Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh. 1767,
36, t. 2; Deser. Pl. Cap. 90, t. 2) ; a shrub, 1-5 ft. high ; stems woody,
erect, much-branched ; branches erect or subspreading, tomentose or
hirsute ; branchlets terete or somewhat angled, hirsute or glabres-
cent ; leaves narrowly linear-lanceolate, 4—6 lin. long, rarely longer,
}—1} lin. broad, subcordate or subauriculate at the base, margins
revolute, hairy and scabrous above, densely tomentose below, with
long strigulose hairs along the midrib ; petiole not conspicuous, not
more than } lin. long ; bracts hemispherical, membranous, chestnut-
brown, sharply keeled below, bilobed to the middle, lobes rounded
or subacute, rather shorter than or about equal in length to the
cymules and enclosing them, smooth; flowers sessile, connate ;
perianth-segments broadly obovate, acute, curved at the apex with
small thickened flanges at the base, densely and conspicuously
hairy on the back with long white wavy hairs, projecting } lin.
or more beyond the segments ; stamens with filaments about 4 lin.
long ; style filiform, about } lin. long, enveloped in a dense tuft
of disc-hairs ; fruits crowned externally by a dense ring of hairs at
the apex of the perianth-tube, glabrous below. Thunb. Fl. Cap. ed.
Schult. 373 ; Drege, Zwei Pf. Documente, 88 ; Sond. in Harv. & Sond.
ee a remem
SAARI os meee
Grubbia. | SANTALACEA (Hill). 211
Fl. Cap. ii. 326 ; A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 618; Marloth, Fl. S. Afr.
i, 162, ¢. 37 E, figs. 81. A. G. sp., Drege, lc. 117, Ophira stricta,
Linn. Mant. Alt. 229.
Coast Reaion: Cape Div. ; Table Mountain, Thunberg! Cooper, 2491! Ecklon,
371! Drege, a! Wilms, 949 or 3949! Sieber! Harvey! Pappe! Wolley-Dod, 545!
2123! 3054! Bolus, 3943! Zeyher, 2654! Bredasdorp Div.; Elim, Schlechter,
7637! Swellendam Div. ; without precise locality, Bowie! Riversdale Div. ;
Garcias Pass, Galpin, 4558 ! George Div. ; Cradock Berg, Burchell, 5961 ! Galpin,
4559! near George, Drége, 8161!
2. G. pinifolia (Sond. in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. ii. 326); a
shrub ; branches woody, erect ; branchlets short, ascending, covered
with a fine downy pubescence ; leaves linear or narrowly elliptic-
linear, margins strongly inrolled, subacute, narrowing at the base
into a definite petiole, 6-8 lin. long, }—} lin. broad, glabrous above
or nearly so, grey when dry, finely pubescent below ; petioles
2-1 lin. long, finely pubescent, broadening at the base; flowers in
2-3-flowered cymules ; bracts about equal in length to the flowers,
hemispherical, bilobed for a third of their length, keeled below,
truncate, membranous, chestnut-brown ; perianth-segments } lin.
long, fleshy, subacute, concave, with thickened margins and
prominent fleshy protuberances or flanges at the base, densely
hairy on the back with conspicuous white wavy hairs ; style about
¢ lin. long, surrounded by disc-hairs ; fruit crowned externally with
a dense ring of hairs, glabrous below.
Coast Recion : Cape Div.; Table Mountain, 2800 ft., MacOwan in Herb, Norm.
Austr.-Afr., 918! Caledon Div, ; mountains near Grietjes Gat, 2000-4000 ft.,
Ecklon and Zeyher |
3. G. hirsuta (E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pil. Documente, 73); a
shrub ; branches woody, erect, branches and branchlets ascending,
villous ; leaves linear-lanceolate, with strongly revolute margins,
slightly subauricled at the base 4—5 lin. long, 1-4 lin. broad, villous
or strigulose-villous above, villous below ; petioles very short, densely
Villous ; flowers sessile in 3-flowered cymules ; bracts less than half
the length of the flowers, broadly ovate, rounded, entire or slightly
notched, chestnut-brown, membranous, concave, not keeled ; perianth-
Segments obovate or broadly obovate, subacute, } lin. long, with
thickened flanges at the base and straight silky, somewhat incon-
spicuous, white hairs on the back projecting slightly beyond the
apex of the segments ; stamens with filaments about lin. long ;
style } lin. long; disc with a tuft of hairs; fruits minutely
pubescent over the whole surface. A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 618 ;
Sond. in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. ii. 327.
Coasr Reaion : Clanwilliam Div. ; Wupperthal, 1500-2000 ft., Drége! Cold
okkeveld, near Tweefontein, 5000 ft., Schlechter, 10125! :
Reaion: Ceres Div.; near Ceres, 1700 ft., Bolus, 7454!
4. @. stricta (A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 618); a shrub, 2-5 ft.
; Stems erect, woody, quadrangular and striate ie sharp
| P
212 SANTALACE® (Hill). | Grubbia.
almost winged angles ; branches and branchlets covered with short
adpressed hairs ; leaves 1-2} in. long, 1—7 lin. broad, linear, narrowly
elliptic-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or subacute, narrowing
at base into the petiole, varnished, glabrous but tuberculate above,
silky-pubescent beneath, margins more or less revolute ; petioles
14-3 lin. long, densely covered with adpressed hairs; flowers in
ovoid axillary strobili of 15-20 flowers, ripening to a syncarplum ;
bracts at the base foliaceous, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, about
1 lin. long, pubescent ; perianth-segments ovate, acute, 3 lin. long,
with short scarcely projecting hairs on the back ; stamens with
incurved filaments } lin. long ; style about } lin. long, surrounded
by a dense tuft of disc-hairs ; syncarpium globose-ovoid, bright red
when ripe (Marloth), 3-4 lin. long, nuts covered with the large
adnate crustaceous disc, one-seeded. Sond. in Harv. & Sond. Fl.
Cap. ii. 327; Marloth, Fl. S. Afr. i. 162, t. 37 D, fig. 81 B.
Taxus tomentosa, Thunb. Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 547. Ophira stricta,
Lam. Encyel. iv. 565, and Ill. t. 293, not of Burm.; Drége, Zwei
Pfl. Documente, 77, 116. Strobilocarpus diversifolius, Klotzsch in
Linnea, xiii. 381. G. latifolia, Schnizl. Ic. Fam. Nat. fasc. 13, 108,
Jigs. 1 and 21.
SourH Arrica; without locality, Forbes! Thom, 174!
Coast Recion: Tulbagh Div. ; between New Kloof and Elands Kloof, 1000-
2000 ft., Drége, a! Cape Div.; ridge beyond Smitswinkel Vley, Wolley-Dod,
2676! Klaasjegers Berg, Wolley-Dod, 2404! Simons Bay, Wright! near Simons-
town, Schlechter, 1093! Stellenbosch Div. ; Lowrys Pass, 1600 ft., Bolus, 7319!
Zeyher | Caledon Div. ; Baviaans Kloof, near Genadendal, Burchell, 7717 ! Gena-
dendal, Drége,b! Bolus, 7424! Swellendam Div. ; on mountains, Bowie! near
Swellendam, Bolus! ridges near the lower part of the Zondereinde River, Zeyher,
2656 ! Riversdale Div. ; Paardeburg, Muir in Herb. Galpin, 5328! Garcias Pass,
Burchell, 6946 ! 7157! Galpin, 4557! Phillips, 317 ; George Div. ; Cradock Berg;
Burchell, 5954!
Orprr CXX, A. BALANOPHORACEE.
(By C. H. Wrienr.)
Flowers small, unisexual in the South African genera. Male
flowers: Perianth regular or 2-lipped ; lobes 3-4, valvate. Stamens
2-3; filaments short; anthers either 2-celled and bursting by
longitudinal slits, or several-celled and bursting by terminal pores ;
pollen-grains cubical or globose. Female flowers: Perianth sub-
globose or tubular and 3- to many-lobed, or absent. Dise sometimes
large and cushion-like. Ovary inferior, 1- (or at length 3-) celled ;
style long or absent; stigma discoid or 3-lobed ; ovules 1-3, pendulous,
naked or with a single coat. Fruits indehiscent, separate (Mystre-
petalon), or united into syncarpia (Sarcophyte). Seed with fleshy
albumen ; embryo central or apical.
Herbs parasitic on the roots of trees or shrubs, usually brightly coloured ;
rootstock tuberous ; leaves reduced and seale-like ; inflorescence moncecious 20!
BALANOPHORACE ( Wright). 215
simple (Mystropetalon), or dicecious and much-branched (Sarcophyte), bracteate
and bracteolate or not.
Distris. Genera about 15, species about 50, widely distributed in tropical and
subtropical regions,
I. Sarcophyte.—J/njlorescences much-branched, dicecious, Anthers 3, many-
celled, dehiscing by terminal pores. Fruits united into syncarpia.
Il. Mystropetalon.— /nflorescences unbranched, moncecious, male above, female
below. Anthers 2, 2-celled, dehiscing by longitudinal slits. Fruits
separate.
I. SARCOPHYTE, Sparrm.
Flowers dicwcious. Male flowers: Perianth-tube short, solid ;
segments 3, valvate. Stamens 3, inserted at the base of the
perianth-lobes ; filaments short, cylindrical; anthers basifixed,
globose, with many cells in the upper part bursting by apical
pores. Rudiment of ovary none. Female flowers usually united
into globose heads. Ovary ovoid, 1-celled, or at length 3-celled
through the protrusion of the placentas; stigma sessile, discoid ;
ovules 1-3, pendulous. Fruit:a fleshy syncarpium; endocarp
hardened, trigonous, l-celled, 1-seeded. Seed subglobose ; albumen
fleshy and oily ; embryo central, globose.
Herbs parasitic on roots ; rootstock tuberous, irregularly lobed ; stem erect ;
leaves reduced to scales ; flowers in much-branched panicles.
- Distrts. Species 2, one in tropical Africa, the other in South Africa.
1. §. sanguinea (Sparrm. in Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh. 1776,
300, t. 7); male plant about 10 in. high ; rootstock thick, irregularly
lobed, verrucose ; stem short, erect ; leaves reduced to oblong obtuse
or subacute scales up to 9 lin. long and 6 lin. wide ; inflorescence
much-branched ; flowers usually in pairs on short pedicels which
are connate below ; perianth-segments navicular, almost patent,
very thick and fleshy, subacute, 2 lin. long, 1} lin. wide ; filaments
lh to nearly 2 lin. long, cylindrical ; anthers terminal, scarcely
wider than the filaments ; female plant very similar to the male,
but rather shorter ; flowers numerous in subglobose shortly stalked
heads about 3 lin. in diam. ; ovary 1—3-celled; ovule solitary,
pendulous ; stigma discoid, sessile ; fruit a syncarpium ; seed about
4 lin. long. Griff. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xix. 339 ; Hook. f. in Trans.
Linn. Soc. xxii. 29; Drége, Zwei PA. Documente, 132; 137, 138;
Wedd. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 3” sér. xiv. 173, t. 10, figs. 34-38 ; Harv.
im Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. ii. 574; Kichler in DC. Prodr. xvii. 127 ;
Engl. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. i. 253, fig. 160 ; Marloth,
#8. Afr. i; 170, t. 42, fig. A; Hutchinson in Kew Bulletin, 1914,
251; not of Hemsl. in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 436. Icthyosma
_ Wehdemanni, Schlechtend. in Linnea, ii. 671, t. 8, and iii. 194.
214 BALANOPHORACES (Wright). [ Sarcophyte.
I. Wehdamanni, Steud. Nomencl. ed. 2, i. 801. I. Weinmanni, Harv.
Gen. S. Afr. Pl. ed. i. 300. I. Wiedemanni, Griff. in Trans. Linn.
Boe, xix. 339.
Coast Recion : Uitenhage Div.; Addo, Drége. Albany Div. ; near Grahams-
town, on roots of Acacia horrida, 1800 ft., MacOwan, 1204! Schénland! :
CENTRAL REGION: Somerset Div. ; near Little Fish River and Great Fish
River, 2000-3000 ft., Drége; at the foot of Bosch Berg, on roots of Acacia
horrida, Willd., 3000 ft., MacOwan, Herb. Austr.-Afr., 1800! between Zuurberg
Range and Klein Bruintjes Hoogte, 2000-2500 ft., Drége!
Eastern Recion : Transkei; Kentani, 1200 ft., Miss Pegler, 846!
Miss Pegler has noted on her specimen, ‘‘ horrible odour ; deep red.”
The tropical African plant is separated as S, Piriei, Hutchinson in Kew Bulletin,
1914, 252.
II. MYSTROPETALON, Harv.
Flowers monecious. Male flower: Perianth 2-lipped, anterior lip
of one segment, posterior of two. Stamens 2, inserted on the
posterior perianth-segments ; anthers 2-celled, dehiscing longitudin-
ally ; pollen-grains cubical, pentagonal or rarely hexagonal, some-
times fluted at the angles. Female flower, opening before the male:
Perianth small, urceolate or tubular, 3-lobed. Staminodes 2 and
very small, or none. Disc thick, cushion-like. Ovary inferior,
ovoid or elliptical, 1- or 3-celled; ovules 3, pendulous; style
columnar; stigma discoid or 3-lobed. Fruit globose; pericarp
crustaceous. Seed solitary ; embryo small, apical ; albumen copious.
Fleshy parasitic herbs springing from an irregular nodular rhizome ; leaves scale-
like, fleshy ; flowers in dense spikes, proterogynous, male above, female below,
bracteate and 2-bracteolate.
Distris. Species 3 in extratropical South Africa.
Bract of male flower oblong ... vee a asi ... (1) Thomii.
Bract of male flower spathulate :
Perianth of female flower tubular, 3-fid ... =... ... (2) Polemanni.
Perianth of female flower subglobose or campanulate,
multifid ... . a bes e : ... (3) Sollyi.
1. M. Thomii (Harv. Gen. S. Afr. Pl. ed. i. 419) ; a fleshy plant,
about 5 in. high ; leaves scale-like, oblong, obtuse, 1 in. long, | lin.
wide ; spike oblong, 2-4 in. long, 3-1} in. in diam. ; bract oblong,
obtuse, densely hairy outside, 3 lin. long ; bracteoles two-thirds as
long as the bract, oblong, hairy on the midrib outside ; perianth
red above, yellow below, nearly twice as long as the bract ; anterior
segment spathulate, obtuse, posterior segments slightly longer than
the anterior, slightly concave ; anthers oblong ; pollen-grains cubical
with fluted angles; female flower: bract oblong, obtuse, densely
hairy outside in the upper part and on the midrib; bracteoles
shorter than the bract in flower, but nearly twice as long as it in
fruit, induplicate, acute, ciliate on the midrib ; perianth subglobose
Mystropetalon.| BALANOPHORACEA (Wright). 215
or ellipsoid, shortly 3-lobed, glabrous ; ovary ovoid ; style columnar,
recurved ; stigma discoid. Harv. in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, ii. 386,
t.19, and in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. ii. 573; Griff. in Trans. Linn.
Soe. xix. 336; Hook. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxii. 29; Hichler in
DC. Prodr. xvii. 125 ; Marloth, Fl. S. Afr. i. 170, tt. 40, 42, fig. B;
Harvey-Gibson in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, viii. 143, tt. 15-16.
Balanophora capensis, Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Kichler in DC. Prodr. xvii.
125.
Coast Reaion : Caledon Div. ; about Caledon Baths, Thom, Zeyher! Polemann,
2. M. Polemanni (Harv. Gen. 8. Afr. Pl. ed. i. 418); a fleshy
plant about 5 in. high, reddish in all its parts ; leaves narrowly
oblanceolate, obtuse or subacute, up to 1} in. long and 2 lin. wide ;
spike oblong, 2} in. long; male flower: bract spathulate, ungui-
culate, about 3 lin. long, villous above ; bracteoles about half as
long as the bract, lanceolate, acuminate, hairy on the back in the
lower half; anterior perianth-segment about a quarter longer than
the bract, spathulate, unguiculate ; posterior segments much longer
than the anterior, deeply concave ; anthers elliptic; pollen-grains
cubical with fluted angles; female flower: bract lanceolate ;
bracteoles as long as the bract, oblong, acute ; perianth-tube oblong ;
lobes 3, ovate, acute, slightly shorter than the tube; ovary oblong,
seated on the cushion-like disc ; style more slender than in M. Thomi v5
stigma only slightly enlarged. Harv. in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, ii.
387, #. 20, and in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. ii. 573; Hook. f. Trans.
Linn. Soc, xxii. 29; Eichler in DC. Prodr. xvii. 125 ; Harvey-Gibson
in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, viii. 143. Seybalium? Harv. Gen. S. Afr.
Pl. ed. i. 315.
Coast Recion: Malmesbury Div. ; near Wellington, Bolus, 4399! Caledon
Div. ; on mountain sides near the hot springs at Caledon, 900-1000 ft., on roots
of Protea mellifera, Thunb., Bolus, 7465! and in MacOwan and Bolus, Herb.
Norm. Austr.-Afr., 1364! Houw Hoek, on Aspalathus sp., Mrs. Denys, Ecklon!
MacOwan, 2303 !
3. M. Sollyi (Harvey-Gibson in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2 viii.
153, tt. 15-16) ; resembling M, Thomii, but differing in the following
characters :—male flowers: bract spathulate; bracteoles one-
quarter as long as the bract ; perianth-segments slightly concave ;
anterior segment rather shorter than the posterior ; pollen-grains
cubical or pentagonal, without fluted angles ; female flower: bract
lanceolate ; bracteoles shorter than the bract ; perianth subglobose
or campanulate, multifid ; ovary ovoid ; stigma trilobed.
Coast Rucioy : Caledon Div. ; Caledon Pass, on roots of Protea sp., Mrs, Solly.
216 EUPHORBIACE& (Brown, Hutchinson and Prain).
Orper CXXI. KUPHORBIACEA.
(By N. E. Brown, J. Hutcuryson and D. Praty.)
Flowers moneecious, usually regular. Perianth occasionally absent
from one or both sexes, usually small, often dissimilar in the two
sexes, simple, valvate or imbricate, calycine, rarely petaloid, or
double, both outer and inner calycine and imbricate, or the inner
petaloid, imbricate, rarely subvalvate, longer or shorter than the
outer. Male: stamens definite or indefinite (1-1,000); filaments
free or connate; anthers 2- (rarely 3—4-) celled; cells usually
parallel, adnate to the connective throughout or free except at the
base or apex and erect, divaricate or suspended, rarely superposed ;
dehiscence usually longitudinal, rarely porous ; rudimentary ovary
present or absent. Female: ovary sessile, rarely shortly stipitate,
usually 3-, frequently 2- or 4-, very rarely 1- or more than 4-celled ;
styles usually as many as and continuous with the carpels, free or
more or less connate, erect or spreading, entire or 3-fid or laciniate ;
inner face of styles or style-arms usually stigmatic throughout ;
ovules in each cell solitary or 2 collateral, pendulous from the inner
angle ; funicle often thickened ; disc annular, entire or lobed, or of
free contiguous or discrete scales, or none. Fruit usually capsular,
of 2-valved cocci separating from a persistent axis, or dehiscent and
drupaceous, 1—3-celled, or of a single or 2-3 connate nuts. Seeds
attached laterally near or above the middle of the cell, with or
without a caruncle or an arillus ; albumen usually copious, fleshy ;
rea straight, radicle superior ; cotyledons broad, flat, rarely thick,
eshy.
_ Herbs, shrubs or trees, often with milky juice. Leaves alternate or opposite,
simple or rarely compound, sometimes rudimentary, stipulate or exstipulate.
Flowers usually small or very small ; inflorescence rather variable.
Disrrip. Species about 4000, mostly in the tropics of both hemispheres.
Junopia, Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 22, is Anisocycla triplinervia,
Diels (Menispermacee).
Tribe 1. EUPHORBIE..—Apparent flower composed of a number of stamens
(really male flowers, each consisting of a single stamen jointed to a pedicel
and soon falling away from it, with or without a minute rudimentary calyx)
mingled with bracteoles, with or without one sessile or stalked ovary
(really a sessile or pedicellate female flower, with or without a small or
rudimentary or very rarely comparatively large calyx) in their midst,
EUPHORBIACEAE (Brown, Hutchinson and Prain), 217
enclosed in a cup-shaped, obconic or 4-angled involucre; the whole
resembling a small male or hermaphrodite flower. Ovary 2-3-celled, with
1 pendulous ovule in each cell.
I. Synadenium.—/nvolucre with one continuous rim-like gland, which is
quite entire or occasionally with 1-5 cut-like notches dividing it
into segments, but not forming equally spaced glands. A bushy
rose with terete spineless succulent branches and large alternate
eaves,
II. Elwophorbia.—Jnvolucre with 5 separate equally spaced contiguous
glands. Fruit indehiscent, thickly fleshy, containing one hard
3-celled ‘‘stone,” A succulent tree, with angular branches armed
with spines in pairs.
IIL, Euphorbia.—/nvolucre with 2-8 (usually 4-5) separate and usually
equally spaced contiguous or distant glands. Fruit separating
into 3 lobes or cells, which open down the inner face to liberate
the seeds, not fleshy or but slightly so in a few succulent species.
Herbs, shrubs or trees, often succulent.
Tribe 2. BUXEAS.—Perianth calycine. Segments imbricate or rarely (in extra-
African species) absent. Stamens in the African genera 4 or 6. Ovules 2
in each cell, rarely solitary ; raphe dorsal. Styles undivided or slightly
bifid. Cotyledons various. “Shrubs or trees with opposite entire leaves.
IV. Buxus.—Stamens 4, opposite the perianth-segments.
V. Notobuxus.—Stamens 6, two solitary ones opposite the outer perianth-
segments, four in pairs opposite the inner segments.
Tribe 3. PHYLLANTHEA.—Sepals valvate or imbricate in bud, 1-2-seriate. Petals
when present small and seale-like. Stamens 1-2-seriate, the outer opposite
the sepals, rarely indefinite in the middle of the flower. Ovu/es 2 in each
cell, collateral and usually contiguous; caruncle usually conspicuous ;
raphe ventral. Cotyledons much broader than the radicle. Jnflorescence
various, axillary, rarely terminal. Habit various.
*Leaves opposite; stipules intrapetiolar and sheathing ; stamens very
numerous, arranged on an elongated receptacle,
VI. Androstachys.—A tall erect tree with diccious flowers and numerous
stamens.
**Zeaves alternate or rarely whorled ; stipules neither intrapetiolar nor
sheathing ; stamens rarely numerous ; receptacle not elongated.
tSepals of the male flowers valvate in bud.
VII. Bridelia,— Fruits drupaceous. Ovary 2-celled. Tertiary nerves of the
leaves usually parallel.
VILL, Cleistanthus, — Frwits capsular. Ovary 3-celled. Tertiary nerves of
the leaves not parallel.
ttSepals of the male flowers imbricate in bud.
Petals present in the male flowers.
§Flowers dioecious. Petals larger than the sepals in the male flowers.
Disc in the male flowers of separate glands or absent.
IX. Lachnostylis.— Flowers in axillary fascicles. Sepals in the male
flowers 5. Disc-glands thick, villous. Rudimentary ovary well
developed.
218 EUPHORBIACEE (Brown, Hutchinson and Prain).
X. Heywoodia.— Flowers in axillary glomerules. Sepals in the male
flowers 3. Dise and rudimentary ovary absent from the male
flowers.
§§Flowers moncecious. Petals subequal to the sepals. Disc in the male
flowers cupular.
XI. Andrachne—A slender shrub with small leaves. Male flowers
fasciculate, female solitary. Seeds wrinkled, estrophiolate, with
fleshy albumen.
ttPetals absent from the male flowers.
§Flowers pedicellate, in axillary fascicles or solitary.
XII. Phylanthus.—Disc in the male flowers outside the stamens, or the
dise-glands between the filaments. Rudimentary ovary absent.
XIII. Fluggea.—Discas in Phyllanthus, Rudimentary ovary well developed,
tripartite.
XIV. Drypetes.— Disc central, entire or undulately lobed, with the stamens
inserted around it. ruts indehiscent.
§§F lowers disposed in cymes, racemes or spikes.
* Fruits not compressed or winged ; disc usually present in the male
flowers.
XV. Antidesma.— Flowers disposed in slender catkin-like spikes. | Fruits
small, drupaceous. Leaves alternate.
XVI. Pseudolachnostylis.— Flowers disposed in cymes. Fruits large, tardily
septicidal. Leaves alternate.
XVII. Toxicodendron.— Male flowers in dense pedunculate or subsessile
cymules, female sessile, 1-3 in each leaf-axil. Fruits early
dehiscent. Leaves in whorls of 4.
\\\Fruits compressed, broadly winged ; disc absent from both sexes.
XVIII. Hymenocardia,— Male flowers in catkin-like. spikes, female shortly
racemose. Anthers with a conspicuous yellow gland on the back.
Tribe 4. -CROTONE &. —Sepals usually small, closed or valvate, less often imbricate
or open in bud. Petals when present always free, often larger than the
sepals ; usually petals 0. Stamens 1-2-seriate ; the outer alternate with
the sepals or more usually central and few or indefinite ; sometimes very —
many. Ovules solitary in each cell. Cotyledons much broader than the
radicle. Inflorescence various.
*Anthers reversed and filaments inflexed in bud, becoming erect in the open
flower ; petals usually present in the male flower ; racemes or spikes
terminal, androgynous or 1-sexual.
XIX. Croton.—Sepals usually equal, valvate or occasionally slightly im-
bricate. Petals usually well developed, at times minute or
obsolete.
** Anthers erect and filaments straight or twice flexed in bud.
+Petais present in the male flower.
Flowers panicled or fasciculate 2-3-chotomously cymose, androgynous —
with a central female flower.
XX. Jatropha,—Sepals imbricate, often connate below. Petals usually
imbricate, connate below or free. Stamens 10 or fewer.
ttFlowers in axillary racemes or fascicles, rarely axillary soli
androgynous or 1-sexual. : . —
Ee
E
|
fees
e
EUPHORBIACE& (Brown, Hutchinson and Prain). 219
XXI. Cluytia.—Sepals imbricate. Petals free, equal. Stamens in a single
whorl of 5 below the apex of a central column. Capsule
septicidally 3-valved. lowers in axillary fascicles or the female
solitary, almost always dicecious.
XXII. Caperonia.— Sepals valvate. Petals free, usually 2 smaller than the
others. Stamens 10 or fewer in 2 whorls on a column. Capsule of
3 2-valved cocci. Flowers in axillary androgynous racemes with
few basal females.
ttPetals 0.
{Sepals not open in bud.
§Styles free or, if united, the column slender and continuous with
columella.
Flowers in terminal racemes, spikes or heads; filaments straight or
twice flexed in bud, simple.
XXII. Cephalocroton.—Sepals valvate, closed in bud. Stamens 6-8, 2-seriate ;
filaments twice flexed in bud. Styles connate below in a short
column ; free and multifid above.
|\\Flowers in axillary, rarely terminal racemes or fascicles or cymules or
spikes ; filaments straight in bud, simple.
qAnther-cells distinct, attached to the filament by their base only.
©Anther-cells sessile ; sepals valvate, closed in bud.
XXIV. Erythrococea.— Buds perulate. Stamens 2-60. Styles plumosely
laciniate or undivided.
XXY. Micrococea.—Buds naked. Stamens 3-80. Styles plumosely laciniate.
Capsule 3-coccous.
XXVI. Mercurialis—Buds naked. Stamens 8-20. Styles undivided.
Capsule 2-coccous. Leaves usually opposite. Racemes axillary.
XXVII. Leidesia.— Buds naked. Stamens 3-7. Styles undivided. Capsule
2-coccous. Leaves usually alternate. Racemes terminal.
XXVIII. Seidelia.— Buds naked. Stamens 8, rarely 2. Styles undivided.
Capsule 2-coccous. Leaves usually alternate. Flowers in terminal
or axillary fascicles or cymules,
©@Anther-cells stipitate ; male sepals valvate, closed in bud, female
sepals imbricate.
XXIX. Acalypha.—/nflorescence various. Stamens usually 8.
{{Anther-cells adnate laterally to a connective throughout their length.
XXX. Alchornea.—Sepals valvate, closed in bud. Stamens usually 8.
Styles free, very long, entire.
\\\\Flowers in terminal panicles; filaments straight in bud, usually
simple ; anther-cells adnate to connective, usually more than 2.
XXXI. Macaranga.—Sepals in male flower valvate, closed in bud. Stamens
usually 2-3, occasionally many. Styles short, stout.
\\|Flowers in terminal panicles ; filaments repeatedly branched ; anther-
cells distinct, subglobose, sessile.
XXXII. Rieinus.—sSepals in male flower valvate, closed in bud ; female calyx
spathaceous. Stamens very many, up to 1000; filaments
columnar below, much branched upwards. Styles usually 2-fid,
more or less plumose. see
i\iill|Flowers in axillary fascicles or cymules sometimes passing In
terminal pseudo-panicles; male calyx-lobes imbricate ; styles
2-fid,
220 EUPHORBIACEA (Brown, Hutchioson and Prain).
XXXII. Adenocline.—Stamens 2-seriate, peripheral. Styles slightly connate
below. Flowers in cymules. Herbs.
XXXIV. Gelonium.—Stamens central. Styles free. Flowers glomerulate.
. Trees or shrubs.
§§Styles connate in a column continuous with the body of the carpels 5
male calyx-lobes valvate, closed in bud,
XXXV. Plukenetia.—Ovary 4-carpellary.
XXXVI. Dalechampia.— Ovary 3-carpellary. Flowers in dense involucrate
heads.
XXXVII. Ctenomeria.—Ovary 3-carpellary. Flowers in racemes. Stamens 30 or
more.
XXXVI. Tragia.— Ovary 3-carpellary. Flowers in racemes or spikes. Stamens
normally 3.
ttSepals of male flower open in bud.
XXXIX. Maprounea—Calyx-lobes of male slightly imbricate. Stamens mona-
delphous, Seeds caruncled. Spikes very dense, ovoid.
XL. Spirostachys,—Calyx-lobes of male slightly imbricate. Stamens mona-
delphous. Seeds not caruncled. Spikes very dense, subcylindric.
XLI. Sapium.—Calyx-lobes of male not overlapping. Stamens free, Seeds
not caruncled. Spikes rather lax.
TI. SYNADENIUM, Boiss.
Apparent flower consisting of an entire shallowly cup- or saucer-
like involucre, with a very spreading or more rarely erect rim-like
gland outside of and completely surrounding an inner series of 5
inflexed-erect membranous subquadrate fringe-toothed lobes ; gland
usually entire, occasionally having a cut-like notch on one side or
divided by 2-5 cut-like notches into unequal or equal segments, but
not forming equally-spaced separate glands. Stamens (really male
flowers without a perianth, as in Euphorbia) arranged in 5 groups
contained in 5 compartments with membranous walls opposite the
lobes of the involucre. Ovary (really a female flower with the
perianth reduced to a rudimentary rim or of 3 minute or rarely
well developed conspicuous lobes, as in Euphorbia) pedicellate,
3-celled, often absent ; when present central and its pedicel sur-
rounded by a membranous tube formed by the inner wall of the
compartments containing the stamens, lobed and fringed at the
top, puberulous ; styles 3, united at the basal part ; stigmas bifid,
rarely entire. Ovule solitary in each cell, attached to the inner
angle at or above the middle of the cell.
Shrubs or small trees, with the young branches fleshy, full of milky juice ;
leaves alternate, entire, exstipulate, more or less fleshy, coriaceous when dried ;
inflorescence axillary, cymose, cymose-paniculate or umbel-like, with a pair of
free persistent or deciduous bracts at the base of each involucre and not or
scarcely exceeding its rim-like gland. :
Distris. Species 13, all but the following in Tropical Africa.
Synadenium. | EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). 221
1. 8. arborescens (Boiss. in DC, Prodr. xv. ii. 187); a shrub
3-5 ft. high ; branches terete, fleshy and green when young, finally
woody, marked with leaf-scars, glabrous ; leaves alternate, 2—4 in.
long, }- 1) in. broad, cuneately obovate, acute or shortly cuspidate
at the apex, cuneately tapering from above the middle into a short
petiole, wing-keeled on the midrib beneath, glabrous on both sides ;
umbels axillary and terminal, 3-1} in. in diam., with 3-5 simple or
once-forked rays ; peduncles 5-9 lin. long, glabrous ; rays 2—5 lin.
long, puberulous ; bracts under the involucre 1} lin. long, 13~2 lin.
broad, cuneately subquadrate, truncate and with a few minute
teeth at the apex, puberulous on both sides ; involuere 2-3 lin. in
diam., broadly funnel- or bowl-shaped, puberulous on the basal part,
with a spreading or ascending entire rim-like gland and 5 sub-
quadrate fringed puberulous lobes, greenish-yellow ; ovary only seen
in a very immature state and included in the involucre, densely
pubescent ; styles 14 lin. long, very shortly united at the base,
deeply bifid at the apex, with spreading tips; capsule not seen.
Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 7184; Wood, Natal Pl. iii. t. 296. Euphor-
bia arborescens, E. Meyer in Drege, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 184, not
of Roxb. HE. cupularis, Boiss. Cent. Euphorb. 23. E. synadenia,
Baill, Adans, iii. 142.
Eastern Recion: Natal ; in thickets near Umlazi River, below 500 ft., Dréye,
4634! Inanda at 1800 ft., and in Durban Botanic Garden, Wood, 1623! 1651la!
woods near Durban, Wood, 6377 ! 8492! Lower Umzimkulu River, 500 ft., Wood,
and cultivated specimens !
Described from a living plant cultivated at Kew. A very poisonous plant.
Mr. Wood states that when gathering specimens for the Herbarium, ‘after
taking the precaution of covering his face, keeping at arm’s-length from the plant
and carefully washing hands and face as soon as the specimens were disposed of,
he has felt the effects on the eyelids, nostrils and lips for several hours afterwards.
Under cultivation at Kew, however, it does not seem so virulent, as I and others
ate frequently handled the plant without feeling the slightest effects from so
oing.
Il. ELZOPHORBIA, Stapf.
Floral structure exactly as in Euphorbia, from which it only differs
by its fruit, as follows :—Fruit indehiscent, with a thick flesh en-
closing a hard bony 3-celled endocarp or “ stone,” marked with a
slender groove down each of the 3 very obtuse angles and with a
pore on each face near the apex between the grooves, also, when
separated from the flesh, there is an opening at the base by which
the central vascular bundle enters the ‘‘stone.” Seed solitary in
each cell, sometimes abortive in one or two of the cells ; testa thin,
crustaceous ; albumen copious, somewhat fleshy ; cotyledons flat,
thick and fleshy.
Trees with succulent. angular branches, becoming round and woody with age ;
leaves alternate, fleshy, entire, with a pair of spines at their base; peduncles
axillary, simple or once or perhaps twice forked,
_ Disrrrs. Species 2, one of them a native of West Tropical Africa.
222 EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). | Hleophorbia.
When not in fruit this genus can scarcely be distinguished from Luphorbia, the
ovary, however, has thicker and more fleshy walls than are found in Euphorbia.
Although in Zuphorbia ingens, E. Meyer, and one or two others, the outer layer
of the fruit is more or less fleshy, yet the endocarp always separates into its 3
component cells and is never consolidated into a ‘‘stone” as in Lleophorbia.
1. E. acuta (N. E. Br.) ; habit unknown, probably a tree, succu-
lent, only a strip from an angle of a branch, which seems not to be
toothed, with flowers and fruit seen; spine-shields separate, about
2 lin. long and 1} lin. broad, apparently rather soft, bearing a pair
of diverging spines $—} lin. long, light brown; peduncles about
14 lin. long, arising from the axils of the leaf-scars, glabrous,
bearing a cyme of 3 (or more?) involucres at the apex ; bracts 1-2
lin. long, very broadly rounded or acute at the apex, deeply concave,
thin ; involucre } in. or probably rather more in diam., 1} lin. deep,
rather shallowly and broadly cup-shaped, glabrous outside, with
5 glands and 5 very broad transversely oblong finely toothed lobes ;
glands contiguous, spreading, 14-1? lin. in their greater diam.,
somewhat half-circular, with the ends deflexed and the inner margin
straight and the outer broadly rounded, in the dried specimen both
margins are turned upwards; ovary and styles not seen; fruit
4-1 in. long, ellipsoid, tapering into an acute conical beak at the
apex and into a stout stalk at the base, glabrous, with a fleshy outer
layer enclosing a bony 3-celled stone or endocarp, the latter marked
with a slight furrow down each of the 3 obtuse angles and with a
small hole or deep pit on each side near the apex.
Sour Arrica : probably from the Transvaal, Burtt-Davy!
Although the material is so scanty, it is sufficient to show the alliance of the
plant with HZ. drupifera, Stapf, from the west coast of Africa, from which it
distinctly differs in its smaller and beaked fruit ; in 2. drupifera there is scarcely
any beak, It was sent to Kew without any information as to locality.
III. EUPHORBIA, Linn.
Apparent flower consisting of a number of stamens (really male
flowers, each consisting of a single stamen jointed to a pedicel and
soon falling away from it, without or rarely with a minute calyx
just above the articulation) mingled with membranous or woolly
scales or bracteoles, with or without a stalked or sessile ovary
(really a pedicellate or sessile female flower, with or without a
minute 3-lobed or very rarely cup-like or tubular calyx at the base
of the ovary, but without a membranous tubular involucel sur-
rounding the pedicel) in their midst, contained in a calyx-like cup-
shaped involucre, the whole resembling a small hermaphrodite or
male flower. Involucre a cup with an outer series of 2-8 (usually
4-5) glands, distinct and equally spaced or very rarely united,
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE (Brown). 223
entire, petal-like, 2-horned or divided into teeth or processes on the
outer margin, alternating with an inner series of 4-8 (usually 5)
membranous erect or inflexed entire or toothed lobes. Anthers
2-celled ; cells usually subglobose and more or less diverging,
longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary wholly or partly included or ex-
serted, 3- (rarely 2-) celled, with a single ovule in each cell, pendulous
from the apex of the inner angle; styles 3, rarely 2, free or more
or less united, but rarely to the apex, entire or bifid at the tips.
Fruit a 3- (rarely 2-) celled capsule ; cells separating at maturity
from the central persistent axis and opening along their inner face
into two valves, liberating the seed ; inner part of the valves hard
or cartilaginous. Seed with a thin crustaceous testa, smooth or
variously sculptured, usually carunculate at the hilum; embryo
straight, with flat cotyledons, enclosed in a thick albumen.
Herbs, shrublets, shrubs or trees, very variable in habit, leafy or leafless, often
succulent or cactus-like, with copious milky juice ; leaves alternate or the upper
or all opposite, entire, toothed or rarely lobed; stipules present or absent, in
some of the succulent species often transformed into prickles or spines above a
pair of larger spines ; involucres solitary and terminal or axillary or in the forks of
the stems, or in axillary or terminal clusters or eymes or umbels, which are simple
or compound, paniculate, racemosely arranged along the branches in pairs or
rarely whorled, very rarely in axillary racemes or arising immediately behind the
base of large solitary spines.
Distris, Species about 1000, dispersed throughout the warmer and temperate
regions.
: This vast genus is remarkable, apart from its curious floral structure, for its
X _ Sreat range of variability of habit, and in South Africa there are more distinct
z types of vegetative variation than in any other region of equal area. Yet however
diverse in appearance the various types may be, the floral structure remains
remarkably uniform, such variation as exists being chiefly confined to the glands
of the involucre, which vary in number and also in their appendages. These
differences in the involucral glands, however, grade into one another completely
and sometimes vary in the same species and on the same individual, so that some
Specimens will have petal-like appendages or tooth-like processes to the glands,
E whilst other specimens of undoubtedly the same species will be entirely without
Wee such appendages or processes. Therefore I do not think that these characters can
| be legitimately used to divide this exceedingly natural genus into either smaller
genera or sections, as has been done by some authors.
In Commelin, Hort. Med. Amstelodam. i. t. 17, is a very remarkable figure of a
Species of South African Euphorbia allied to and possibly the same as EL. (orgonis,
but indeterminable, which under cultivation, doubtless owing to the more humid
atmosphere, has developed slender herbaceous, terete, leafy tips to its native-grown,
thick, fleshy, tuberculate branches, and one central branch that is entirely slender
and terete like those of herbaceous species. Thus demonstrating, in all probability,
the effect that dry climatic conditions have through long ages produced by
changing a herbaceous perennial into a succulent plant. See the Gardeners
Chronicle, 1914, lvi. 230, fig. 91.
The spines of the South African species are of three types oH, Where the
4pex of the branch becomes transformed into a sharp spine ; this only occurs in
E. lignosa and E. spinea, although one or two others have tapering branches, but
Y are not acutely spine-tipped. 2, Where the peduncle, either after bearing a
flower or being abortive from its origin, becomes transformed into a hard sharp
Spine; all the species with solitary spines have them formed in this manner,
3, Spines placed in pairs under the leaf or leaf-scar ; these only occur on succulent
Species with angular stems, In books these have been called ‘‘stipular spines,
224 EUPHORBIACE (Brown). | Euphorbia.
but as I have stated in the Flora of Tropical Africa, vi. § i. 471, they are always
developed under and sometimes at a considerable distance below the leaf or leaf-
scar and cannot be stipules in the ordinary sense of the term, I do not understand
what their real relationship to the leaf is. Besides these pairs of spines, true
stipules are, however, sometimes developed on the succulent species ; sometimes
they take the form of small hard persistent auricles, at others are represented by
minute points or small spines (well seen in /. Schinzii) and are always seated one
on each side of the leaf-scar or base of the leaf, but in most South African species
they are badly developed or entirely absent.
The formation of a key to the South African species I have found to be
extremely difficult, as the distinctive characters that can be utilised are often
exceedingly few, not always present at all periods, and so need supplementing by
others, and mostly cannot be stated in few words, as there are many cases where
it is perfectly obvious to the eye that two or more plants placed side by side are
quite distinct species, yet the characters available for a key are so few, that it
becomes exceedingly difficult to express what the eye instantly perceives in words
that will enable one to discriminate the species when seen separately. This
particularly applies to those succulent species I have described as leafless, a term
that is not strictly correct, and must be understood to apply to the general
appearance of the plant, for during the growing season leaves are present, but
they are often so rudimentary and inconspicuous as not to be noticeable, and are
usually deciduous. In the following key only characters that are apparently
absolute have been made use of. In a few cases where a plant varies or dried
specimens do not always give an adequate idea of the plant and it might appear to
belong to either of two groups in the key, it has been inserted under both
headings to facilitate identification.
A. Plant herbaceous or sometimes woody below, never succulent
nor spiny.
I, Stems and branches evident, erect or prostrate. Leaves always present,
conspicuous and well developed, except in 8, FE. Pfeilii, 12, E. multifida, and
13, graveolens, where they are small and sometimes deciduous,
Flowering leaves or bracts with a conspicuous white area
at their base... oe : ye au +» (15) phylloclada,
None of the leaves with a conspicuous white area at their
base :
*Annual or perennial herbs, erect or prostrate ; rootstock
not tuberous :
tLeaves all opposite (except in 14, #. glaucella, and
8, £. Pfeilii, where the few below the lowest
branch are usually alternate) ; involucres not in
umbels :
tLeaf-blade from as broad as long to 4 times as
long as broad, variable but not linear nor
linear-lanceolate :
Involucres in axillary pedunculate cymes or
subglobose heads :
Stems erect or ascending, with conspicuous
spreading yellow hairs on their upper
_ part; involucres in dense subglobose
heads vee oe a ve .-. (6) hirta,
Stems glabrous or finely adpressed-puberulous ;
involucres in small leafy cymes, more
rarely in dense heads :
Stems erect or ascending, often puberulous ;
leaves herbaceous, puberulous beneath
or on both sides See ‘he ... (5) hypericifolia,
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE (Brown), 225
Stems prostrate or decumbent, always
glabrous ; leaves coriaceous or some-
what fleshy, glabrous on both sides ... (4) livida.
Involucres solitary and terminal or in the
forks or at the nodes of the branches, 1 to
each pair of leaves, often crowded along
very short axillary branchlets with reduced
leaves, rarely cymose :
Stems glabrous all round:
Stems and branches prostrate or rarely
erect ; leaves 1-5 lin. long; involucres
minute, 1 to each pair of leaves of the
stems or of very short axillary leafy
branchlets :
Annual... are re a ... (2) ineequilatera.
Perennial ... $08 #5 hes ... (2) ineequilatera,
var. B,
Stems and branches erect or ascending ;
involucres solitary in the forks of the
branches or terminal or sometimes
cymose :
Annual, 2-15 in. high; leaves 3-9 lin.
(or when better developed up to
24in.) long ... Re i ... (14) glaucella.
Perennial, 9-18 in. high; leaves 14-24
lin. long ati ins nes ... (8) Pfeilii.
Stems puberulous on the upper side, at least
along a middle line, glabrous beneath,
always prostrate; leaves 14-34 lin. long (1) prostrata.
Stems adpressed-pubescent or subtomentose
- all round, erect, 4-8 in. high; leaves :
3~7 lin. long a oe 1 .. (3) Schlechteri.
Tt{Leaf-blade 5-12 times as long as broad, linear, ’
linear-lanceolate or oblong-linear, glabrous on
both sides ; erect plants; involucres solitary
in the forks of the branches or terminal :
Glands of the involucre with small petal-like
hite d pee me Soe ..» (7) neopoly-
white appendages ( ae
Glands of the involucre without petal - like
appendages es Sas ves ... (14) glaucella.
tt+Leaves on the stem below the umbellate inflorescence
all alternate and often different in form and
colour from the opposite flowering leaves or
bracts ; umbel always terminal, but sometimes
with 1 or more ray-like branches arising below
it from the axils of the upper leaves:
Stem-leaves distinctly but finely toothed :
Stem-leaves sessile, at least half as broad at the
base as elsewhere, lanceolate or oblanceolate,
pile 3 a ee es ae ew (18) pebonoetn,
Stem-leaves tapering into a petiole or a very : :
narrow base, cuneately obovate, glabrous ... (16) Helioscopia.
Stem-leaves entire or minutely scabrous on the
margin or at the apex, but not distinctly
toothed :
Leaves (including the petiole when present)
144 in. long, glabrous:
PL, C,— VoL, y.—-sEcT. I, Q
226 EUPHORBIACEA: (Brown). | Luphorbia.
Leaves sessile or subsessile, linear or linear-
lanceolate, very acute or somewhat pun-
gently pointed; glands of the involucre
with a short point or horn at each end .,. (24) striata.
Leaves cuneately tapering into a more or less
evident petiole, obtuse or acute, but not
pungently pointed :
Leaves 4-2 in. broad, linear, linear-lanceo-
late or cuneately oblanceolate ; involucre
1-14 lin. in diam., with entire glands (33) kraussiana.
Leaves 3-2 in. broad, elliptic, elliptic-ovate
or oblong-lanceolate ; involucre 2-23
lin. in diam, ; glands 2-3-toothed, or
lobed or subentire see va ... (34) transvaalensis.
Leaves (including the petiole when present)
usually less than 1 in. (or in 32, E£. epi-
cyparissias; 24, #. striata; and 25, F.
erythrina, var. B, up to 1} in.) long:
Annual; leaves tapering into a conspicuous
petiole, obovate, suborbicular or ovate ... (17) Peplus,
Perennials ; leaves sessile or very shortly
petiolate, but not tapering into a con-
spicuous petiole :
tLeaves ovate, obovate, elliptic, oblong,
cuneately oblong, lanceolate or linear-
lanceolate :
§Leaves obtuse or subobtuse, apiculate :
Leaves more or less reflexed or very
spreading, not imbricate :
Leaves 24-4 lin. long ree ... (19) dumosa,
Leaves 4-12 lin. long ous ... (32) epicyparissias
and vars.
Leaves ascending or ascending-spread-
ing:
Leaves numerous or crowded, 8-40
to an inch of stem, usually more
or less imbricate :
Leaves ovate or broadest below the
middle, puberulous .., ... (28) selerophylla,
var.
Leaves linear-lanceolate to elliptic,
but not broadest below the
middle, glabrous, sometimes
minutely ciliate :
Leaves 2. times as long as
bi , linear-lanceolate to
linear-oblong, with a
straight apiculus at the
apex se wes ... (25) erythrina.
Leaves not more (usually less)
than twice as long as broad,
obovate to elliptic-oblong,
with a recurved apiculus at
the apex :
Leaves minutely scabrous at
the margins, not ciliate ;
umbels $—? in. in diam.,
with few involucrés ,.. (26) foliosa,
Euphorbia. |
EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). 227
Leaves entire, very minutely
ciliate; umbels 3-1 in,
in diam., with many
crowded involucres ... (27) artifolia.
Leaves usually 3-8 to an inch of
stem, lax or not distinctly
imbricating :
Leaves ovate, 2-3 times as long
as broad... eas ... (20) ovata,
Leaves linear-lanceolate to nar-
rowly cuneate-obovate, 3-9
times as long as broad... (25) erythrina, var. 8.
$§Leaves acute and often pungently mu-
cronate, glabrous except in 23, £.
sclerophylla, var. B:
Leaves all regularly much deflexed,
cordate at the base aos .»» (31) natalensis.
Leaves very spreading or slightly
defiexed :
Leaves ovate, slightly cordate at the
base ; umbel 14-5 in, indiam..., (21) albanica,
Leaves lanceolate, rounded or
cuneately rounded at the base; .
umbels 3-1 in. in diam. ... (29) muraltioides,
Leaves erect or ascending :
Leaves lax or imbricate, 4-2 in. long ;
umbels often more than 2 in. in
IAN, i. ate a ... (24) striata and vars.
Leaves more or less imbricate, 4-3
in. long; umbels ?-2 in. in
diam. :
Leaves cordate at the base ; stems :
5-9 in. high ... eee ... (22) ruscifolia.
Leaves rounded at the base ; stems
6-18 in, high bai ... (23) sclerophylla,
ttLeaves linear, often narrowly so, or linear
from a dilated base :
Leaves all regularly deflexed, but often
with their tips upeurved, sessile :
Leaves acute or roundedly obtuse at the
apex, $~3 lin. broad; involucre
14-24 lin. in diam. :_
Stems 2-5 ft. high, with branches
seattered along it or clustered
at intervals; leaves not dilated : ae
at the base ae Hee ... (32) epicyparissias
and vars.
Stems 4-2 ft. high, simple or once
(rarely twice) umbellately
branched at the top; leaves
often, but not always dilated :
and cordate at the base ... (31) natalensis.
Leaves truncate and mucronate or
minutely 3-toothed at the apex ; a
involucre 14-14 lin, indiam, ... (30) eer
Q 4
228 EUPHORBIACEA (Brown). [ Euphorbia.
Leaves erect, ascending or spreading :
Leaves flat or with incurved (never
revolute) margins, usually lax or
distant, $-2 in. long ; stems sr
below the inflorescence... . (24) striata and vars.
Leaves flat or with revolute margins,
very numerous and often crowded ;
stems usually branching :
Plant 14-5 ft. high; leaves 6-15
lin. long ; umbel 4-3 in. in
diam., with 3-8 = pe in.
long ays . (32) epicyparissias.
Plant 4-1} ft. bist; eve 2-6
(rarely 8-10) lin. long; umbel
4-1} in. in diam., with or
4 rays 1-6 lin. long ee . (28) genistoides.
**Perennial erect herbs 1-6 in. high, with a nhecus
rootstock ; leaves alternate on the unbranched
part of the stems, opposite at the flowering part and
forkings of the branches, all similar or those on the
stem not very unlike the flowering leaves or
bracts, but sometimes reduced or very small :
Bracts and leaves linear, linear-lanceolate, lanceolate
or elliptic, glabrous (or in 11, #. Gueinzii, var. B,
albovillosa, villose) on both sides; involucres
solitary or in lax terminal cymes, not in umbels :
Glands of the involucre with 3-7 simple or forked
processes or teeth along the outer margin :
Involucre 3-4 lin, in diam., with the processes
of the glands corrugated on their _—
surface ee es . (9) pseudotuberosa.
Involucre 4-5 lin. in ak with the processes
of the glands not corrugated on their ree
surface ‘ oe . (10) trichadenia.
Glands of the involucre entire or scfatety crenu-
late; involucre 1-3 lin. in diam. ec . (11) Gueinzii.
Bracts (and probably the leaves) ovate, hing caiciod:
puberulous on both sides ; involucres (including
the 1-1} line-long processes of the i 5-6
lin. in diam., in lax cymes be . (12) multifida.
Bracts oblong or oblong-obovate, ‘ans ne
toothed at the apex, glabrous on the back ;
involucres 23-3 lin. in diam., in a terminal
umbel , . (13) graveolens.
II. Stemless herbs with a tuberous rootstock. Leaves petiolate, well developed and
together with the peduncles all radical and dying to the ground in winter.
Blade of the leaf 4-12 lin. broad, subtruncate or
shortly and rather abruptly narrowing into the
petiole ; peduncles }~2 in. long:
Blade of the leaf elliptic, broadest above the base ;
styles } lin. long, shortly united at the base —... (80) pistieefolia.
Blade of the leaf oblong or lanceolate-oblong, often
broadest at the base ; styles 1-1} lin. long, united
for half their length... ile as .. (81) tuberosa.
Blade of the leaf 1-6 lin. broad, linear to elliptic, cashes
or very tapering at the base ;
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE® (Brown). 229
Leaves not wavy at the margins; peduncles 1-5 in.
long ; umbels with 3-15 involucres oe ... (82) elliptica.
Leaves wavy at the margins; peduncles 4-14 in.
long, bearing 1 involucre or an umbel of 2-5
involucres ,.. re oe a cee ... (83) erispa.
B. Woody shrubs 5-7 ft. high; branches sometimes tapering
to a point, but not distinctly spine-pointed, leafless or leaves
rudimentary, soon deciduous, alternate.
Branches with numerous very prominent flowering
tubercles scattered along them ; bark dark brown;
involucres puberulous ... fei as pee ... (35) frutescens.
Branches with slightly prominent leaf-scars, but no
prominent flowering tubercles ; bark light ochreous
brown ; involucres glabrous ... ae ne ... (36) guerichiana,
C. Shrublets 6-12 in. high with sharp spine-pointed tips to the
branches, more or less succulent at the young parts, becoming
subwoody. Leaves very small or rudimentary, soon deciduous.
Leaves and branches alternate; involucre 34-5 lin. in ;
diam... ae ne bk ae ae ... (37) lignosa,
Leaves and branches opposite ; involucre 1 lin. in diam. (38) spinea.
D. Plant distinctly succulent, at least as to the branches, the
trunk or lower part of the arborescent or shrubby species becom-
ing woody. Leaves often rudimentary or small, soon deciduous,
the plant often appearing leafless.
I. Plants quite spineless, but sometimes with dried or hard persistent peduncles or
cymes, and in a few species the branches taper to the apex, but never form @ sharp
spine,
*Shrublets, shrubs, bushily branched plants or (in 70, £.
Tirucalli) a tree, sometimes appearing more or less
woody when dried ; branches with or without scattered
(rarely closely placed) tubercles or prominent leat-
sears, stout or terete and slender :
tLeaves, leaf-scars or the scattered tubercles formed by
the leaf-bases and the branches all alternate (see
also 129, ZF, clava) : ;
Branches with distant conical tubercles (persistent
bases of the petioles) 1-9 lin. prominent scattered
along them :
Branches, bracts and involucres minutely puberu-
lous; glands of the chee —
tiguous, forming a cup with a veryshortlyana :
densely toothed margin ae sh ... (74) peltigera.
Branches, bracts and involucres glabrous ; glands
of the involucre not forming a cup, entire
or minutely crenulate on the outer margin :
Leaves sessile upon the rather stout conical
stem-tubercles ; involucres 2$-3$ lin. in
diam. ; styles united into a column 1}-1f
lin, long, with short bifid tips bes ... (75) hamata,
230 EUPHORBIACEA (Brown). | Euphorbia.
Leaves with rather slender petioles 1-5 lin.
long; involucres 14-1? lin. in diam. ;
styles united into a column 3—} lin. long,
with entire acute tips ae Sie . (76) gariepina.
Branches cylindric, without distinct conical tubercles,
but often with prominent leaf-scars scattered
along them (69, #. patula, Mill., may belong
here. See also specimens with reduced tubercles
of 75, EL. hamata and 76, L. gariepina):
Leaves well developed and present at the time
of flowering or always, mostly 2-6 (or
occasionally only 1-14) in. long, linear-lanceo-
late, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, lanceolate
or oblanceolate; shrubs 2-5 ft. high;
peduncles withering and persisting, 3-6 in.
long or sometimes shorter :
Young branches and peduncles puberulous ;
leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, ob-
tuse ; involucres 17-2 lin. in diam. . (128) oxystegia.
Young branches and peduncles glabrous ; in-
volucres 24-8 lin. in diam. :
Leaves 3-15 lin. broad, cuneately oblanceo-
late, obtuse or subacute, apiculate ; bracts
under the involucre rather abruptly and
shortly acute or obtuse and apiculate ... (126) bubalina.
Leaves 3-5 lin. broad, linear-lanceolate, acute ;
bracts under the involucre gradually
acute or acuminate . (127) tugelensis.
sae
Leaves often absent from the cote, when
present rudimentary or 3-1 in. long; shrubs
or bushes 2-6 ft. high :
Involucres in umbels or cymes, with the
peduncles or rays 2-12 lin. long :
Dried stems usually 14-3 lin. (rarely more)
thick ; rays of the umbel simple, with
one glabrous involucre ; capsule glabrous (68 ) mauritanica.
Dried stems usually 4-6 lin. thick ; rays of
the umbels or cymes divided, bearing 3
or ultimately more puberulous involueres ; :
capsule puberulous ais ae .. (71) dregeana.
Involucres sessile or in subsessile cymes
clustered at the ends of the branches :
A tree 10-20 ft. high ; involucre 14 lin. in
diam., minutely puberulous or thinl
tomentose at the upper part outside .., (70) Tiruecalli.
Bushes 3-4 ft. high ; dried flowering Voicaibi
2-4 lin. thick ; involucre 2-24 lin. in
diam. and together with the capsule
puberulous or tomentose :
Capsule or mature ovary with its base just
exserted from the involucre, erect ;
male involucre purple with a whitish
tomentum sa re ae .. (72) gummifera.
Capsule and ovary exile on a secsanil
pedicel 4-4 in. long and together with
the male involucre ern d sgt
tomentose PPE coe (73) gregaria.
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACEA (Brown). 231
Plant 3-6 in. high, bushily much branched ;
branches alternate and opposite on the
same plant; involucre 1-1} lin. in
diam., glabrous outside (and see 65, F.
stapelioides) pa Ses eee ... (64) gentilis.
ttLeaves, leaf-scars and branches (except by abortion)
all opposite ; leaves rudimentary or very small,
3-13 lin. long:
Glands at the base of the rudimentary leaves or at
the sides of the leaf-scars large and very con-
spicuous, subglobose, persistent :
Ultimate flowering branches (dried) 1 lin. thick ;
involucres sessile or in small subsessile
terminal cymes... co os : ... (66) karroensis,
Ultimate flowering branches (dried) 3-3 (rarely
1 lin.) thick ; involucres in terminal pedun-
culate cymes... ee nee % ... (48) Burmanni.
Glands at the base of the leaves or at the sides of the
leaf-scars none or very inconspicuous (in a few
species they are present at the base of young
bracts and leaves, but are small and soon dis-
appear) : :
Branches terete, puberulous ; involucres sub-
sessile or very shortly pedunculate, in
opposite pairs along or at the ends of the
branches, 1-1} lin. in diam., with entire
glands... avs noe ae af ... (67) spicata.
Branches more or less angular or terete, rough
(under a lens), especially along the angles,
with more or less evident asperities (not
hairs) upon the surface, apart from wrinkles
caused by shrinkage in drying :
Asperities formed of small laterally compressed
tubercles, which sometimes seem to form
very narrow, wavy, crenulate wings ;
branches forking into terminal cymes :
Primary branches (dried) 1}-2 lin. thick,
often alternate, distinctly angular and
the asperities very evident; ultimate :
divisions of the cymes 14-3 lin. long... (46) muricata.
Primary branches (dried) 3-1 lin. thick,
opposite, scarcely or obscurely angular
and the asperities often scanty; ulti-
mate divisions of the cymes usually 3-9 AS
lin, long, sometimes less... Lee ... (52) arceuthobioides.
Asperities formed of minute acute points or
blunt papille : :
Rudimentary leaves (not the bracts) with
a minute spreading point or angle on
each side at the base; cymes short,
racemosely arranged; involucres dark 2
purple bes “n> ... (60) caterviflora.
Rudimentary leaves without points or angles
at their base; involucres not dark
purple : :
Branches slender, terete, divided at their _
ends into lax cymes #-1} in. in diam. (57) tenax.
eae
232
EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). { Euphorbia.
Branches distinctly angular when dried,
with solitary involucres or small cymes
up to 4 lin. in diam. racemosely
scattered along them ... ea ... (59) aspericaulis.
Branches smooth (often wrinkled when dried, but
without tubercles or other asperities as seen
under a lens), glabrous; leaves and bracts
rudimentary :
Involucres puberulous all over outside, solitary
and terminal or in small terminal and
lateral cymes }-4 in. in diam. :
Rudimentary leaves lanceolate or paid
acute or obtuse, apiculate is . (43) cibdela.
Rudimentary leaves spathulate, subtruncate
or broadly rounded at the apex ... ... (62) macella.
Involucres glabrous outside or in 45, £. Rudol fii,
minutely puberulous on the basal part,
glabrous above:
tCymes or solitary involucres terminal or
apparently so :
Cymes crowded into dense corymbose
masses :
Branches and branchlets of the cymes
(dried) 1-1} lin. thick ; bracts very
broadly subcordate- ovate, dark aed
ple or dark brown ... . (50) angrana.
Branches and branchlets of the cymes
(dried) 4-2 lin. thick ; bracts stad
late, green eee - . (49) corymbosa.
Cymes not densely scroll ois masses :
Bracts or leaves sessile, deltoid, deltoid-
ovate or deltoid-hastate, acute or
subacute, shorter than the involucre :
Plant apparently 3-9 in. high :
Leaves and sometimes also the bracts
with an angle or acute spread-
ing point on each side at the
base +
Main stems or branches with
compact or crowded ascending
branchlets 1 in. or lesslong,.. (63) hastisquama.
Main stems or branches with
widely spreading Jax branch-
lets more than 1 in. long ... (40) brachiata.
Leaves and bracts without angles or
spreading points at the base :
Involucres in somewhat lax cymes
$-1 in. in diam., formed by
the primary branches —
.6 ee a . (47) perpera.
Involucres in small sessile cymes
or clusters $-§ in. in diam. at
the ends of widely spreading
branches or of their second or
rarely third forkings,.. .. (41) chersina.
Plant more than 9 in. high: ©
‘ Primary lateral branches 14-2 lin,
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE& (Brown), 233
thick, usually with 1-2 pairs of
lateral branchlets below the
forked or simple ends ... ... (44) amarifontana,
Primary lateral branches 1-1} lin.
thick, repeatedly forking into a
lax cyme 3-8 in. across ... (45) Rudolfii.
Bracts or leaves with a distinct petiole-
like part, spathulate, rounded to
subtruncate at the entire apiculate
or denticulate apex, about as long
as or shorter than the involucre :
Plant 6-8 in. high ; branches diverging,
with internodes 3-12 lin. long;
ovary exserted 1-2 lin. beyond
the involucre ue ga ... (1) Aquoris.
Plant 9-12 in. or more high; inter-
nodes mostly 3-2? in. long:
Branches and branchlets erect, sub-
parallel ; male involucres 1-1}
lin.in diam. ... aes ... (54) ephedroides.
Branches and branchlets diverging
from each other at an angle of
50°-70°; male involucre 1}-
14 lin. in diam. :
Styles #-4 lin. long, free to the
SE 542 vee are ... (54) spartaria.
Styles 4 lin. long, united into a :
short column at the base... (56) rectirama
(browsed specimens).
tiCymes or (in a few species) solitary involucres
arranged racemosely in pairs along the
branchlets and also often a terminal one,
or sometimes in a subspicate manner near
or at their tips:
- Plant 3-6 in. high; branches thick, very
fleshy, brittle when dried ; cymes or
involucres few, subsessile at the tips
of very short terminal branchlets (and :
see 65, L, stapelioides)... tee ... (64) gentilis.
Plant usually more than 1 ft. high, not
very brittle when dried ; cymes in
several or numerous pairs scattered
along the usually elongated branches :
Bracts under the involucres sessile, with-
out a petiole-like part, brown to
blackish-brown :
Cymes subsessile or on peduncles less
than 4 in. long; branches 1-2}
lin. thick:
Branches diverging from each other
at an angle of 90°-150° ; bracts
not thick and fleshy, deltoid-
ovate, acute, concave ... ... (39) decussata,
Branches diverging from each other
at an angle of 60°-90° ; bracts
thick and fleshy, suborbicular or a
oblong, obtuse, apiculate ... (61) Mundii.
234 EUPHORBIACE (Brown). [ Euphorbia.
Cymes on peduncles $-1 in. long ;
branches 2-1 lin. thick, suberect,
diverging from each other at the
base at an angle of 45°-50° ... (56) arrecta,
Bracts under the involucres spathulate,
with a distinct petiole-like part or
obovate and distinctly narrowed to
the base, green or brown:
Branches 14-2 lin. thick, diverging
from each other at an angle of
90°-110° and spreading ; cymes
sessile or subsessile ny ... (42) indecora.
Branches ?—1 lin. thick, diverging from
each other at the base at an angle
of 40°-80°, then erect or ascend-
ing ; involucres solitary and pedun-
culate or 2 toseveral in pedunculate
cymes :
Bracts persisting during the flower-
ing period or maturing of the
fruit ; western région ... ... (58) spartaria,
Bracts quickly falling off or before
the maturing of the fruit;
Kalahari, central and eastern
regions :
Plant 2-8 ft. high, with stems
2-3 lin. thick at the base ... (55) rectirama.
Plant 1-2 ft. high, with stems
1-2 lin. thick at the base:
Involucre solitary or occasionally
2-3 on peduncles usually
1-6 lin. (or more) long ... (58) rhombifolia.
Involucres 3 together, sessile in
a cluster on peduncles 1-2
lin. long... exe ... (58) rhombifolia,
var. B.
Involucres three to many in
1-5-times forked cymes :
Cymes (including the
peduncles) 4-1} in. long,
not very lax... ... (58) rhombifolia,
var. -
- Cymes (including the
peduncles) 1-24 in. long,
very lax... ie ... (58) rhombifolia,
var. 5.
**Stem, rootstock or main body of the plant usually very
much thicker than the branches, and globose, pear-
shaped or cylindric, often partly or quite buried in
the ground, or in a few species unbranched and
cylindric, or when branched scarcely thicker than
the branches, or branching at the base in a clump-
like manner; branches cylindric, not jointed, and
together with the stem always covered with closely
ae tubercles separated (when alive) by impressed
ines :
tPeduncles persisting several seasons, withering or in a
few species remaining green :
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE (Brown). 23
{Peduncles usually more than 1 (sometimes 3-7) in.
long, but in 111, 2. albertensis, 122, BE. tuber-
culatoides, 123, E. tuberculata, 124, E. Bolusii,
125, #. Macowani and 130, F£. pubiglans some
of them are less than 1 in. long:
$Leaves 4-6 in. long, deciduous or always present
(not seen in 124, #2. Bolusii, but suspected to
be elongated) :
Glands of the involucre entire ; branching plants
4-5 ft. high ; peduncles mostly 2-7 in. long,
sometimes (in dry seasons ?) less :
Tubercles on the stem and branches not very
conspicuous or prominent and not
crowded ; glands of the involucre glabrous
on the upper surface :
Young branches and peduncles puberulous ;
involucre 1#-2 lin. in diam. ... ... (128) oxystegia.
Young branches and peduncles glabrous:
Involucre 23-3 lin. in diam. ; styles with
the united part 4~4 lin. long:
Leaves 3-5 lin. broad, linear-lanceolate,
acute ; bracts under the involucre
gradually acute or acuminate ... (127) tugelensis.
Leaves 3-15 lin. broad, cuneately
oblanceolate, obtuse or subacute ;
bracts under the involucre rather
abruptly and shortly acute or ob-
tuse and apiculate... Any ... (126) bubalina.
Involucre about 4 lin. in diam. ; styles
with the united part 1-2} lin.
long ... ae ae += .» (129) clava,
Tubercles on the glabrous stem and branches
densely crowded, conspicuous, hemi-
spherical ; glands of the involucre puberu-
lous on the border of the upper surface... (130) pubiglans,
Glands of the involucre 2-lobed or with 2-7
entire or forked processes or teeth along
their outer margin; plants 4-2 ft. high
(183, £. Haworthii, Sweet, probably
belongs here) :
Flowering stems and sometimes the branches
when dried 3-14 in. thick : .
Peduncles 3-4$ in. long... ae ... (131) restituta.
Peduncles 4-1} in. long... w+ vee (123) tuberculata.
Flowering branches when dried 4-4 in. thick :
Involucre 6-7 lin. in diam., villous-
pubescent outside and on the pro- : ;
cesses of its glands... ie ... (125) Macowani.
Inyolucre 3-5 Jin. in diam., glabrous or
nearly so outside and also on the
processes of its glands :
Bracts whorled close under the involucre :
Glands of the involucre distant, 1 lin.
broad, with 2-4 abruptly reflexed
entire processes... cos
Glands of the involucre subcontiguous,
2-24 lin, broad, with 4-6 spread- .
ing branched processes... ... (124) Bolusii.
... (113) brakdamensis.
36
EUPHORBIACEA (Brown).
Bracts scattered singly along the peduncle ;
glands of the involucre not con-
tiguous, 1}-2 lin. broad, with 3
spreading bifid processes
§$Leaves 3-6 lin. long, deciduous (see also 124,
E, Bolusit above, of which the leaves are
unknown) :
Flowering branches 3-15 in. long, arising from
a thick rootstock ; involucre 5-7 lin, in
diam. :
Flowering branches when dried 6-9 lin. thick ;
tubercles very prominent; leaves 3-5
lin, long... ase bes oe
Flowering branches when dried 2-4 lin. thick ;
tubercles not very prominent , leaves
1-3 lin. long res sey eee
Flowering branches 3-1 in. long, 14 lin. thick
when dried, numerous, arising from a thick
cylindric or subglobose rootstock or main
stem ; involucre 2-2} lin. in diam.
t{Peduncles mostly 1-6 lin. long, but in 109, L. rudis,
110, E. inelegans, 115, #. Braunsii, and 121,
E. Muirii, sometimes 7-11 lin. long, and in 120,
E. marlothiana, and 122, £. tuberculatoides,
varying from 4-24 lin. long (see also species
which sometimes have short peduncles mentioned
under the paragraph {); main body of the plant
or rootstock rarely rising more than 3-4 in.
- above the ground and sometimes buried in it,
always much thicker than the branches arising
from it, obconic, subglobose or cylindric :
Tubercles on the branches or many of them tipped
with a conical acute hard whitish point ;
involucre 34-44 lin. in diam., usually
pubescent outside ei o ie ie
Tubercles on the branches cae with a small
truncate or obtusely conical whitish leaf-scar :
Cup of the involucre pubescent or puberulous
outside ; main body of the plant or root-
stock buried in the ground ; branches erect
or ascending, simple or branching at or near
the top, 3-15 lin. long and 3-5 lin. thick :
Undivided part of the involucral glands as
long as broad, without a short regi or
turned up margin atits base...
Undivided part of the involucral glands twice
as broad as long, with a lip or turned up
margin at its base ver ie sae
Cup of the involucre glabrous on the outside,
but sometimes the lobes or glands are
pubescent or woolly outside :
Tubercles on the branches slightly or very
distinctly recurved ; body of the plant or
rootstock buried in the ground, with only
the branches rising shortly above it;
ao of ead involucre with 2-4 short
| Euphorbia.
. (112) filiflora.
.. (122) tuber-
culatoides.
.. (120) marlothiana.
.. (111) albertensis.
(114) namagquensis.
.. (120) marlothiana.
(121) Muirii.
Euphorbia.) EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). 237
Branches usually clavate, $-2 in. long;
tubercles slenderly conical, 13-2} lin.
prominent ; leaves 14-2 lin. long... (103) hypogeea.
Branches cylindric, 1-6 in. long ; tubercles
shortly conical, 1 lin. prominent ;
leaves 3-4 lin. long... re ++ (109) rudis.
Tubercles on the branches not at all recurved :
Body of the plant or rootstock buried in
the ground ; branches cylindric, erect
or ascending, 6-15 in. long ... .-- (122) tuber-
: culatoides.
Body of the plant or the top of it rising
above the ground; branches either
less than 6 in. long or radiately spread-
ing, not erect :
Branches in about 3 series, very short,
cylindric or subglobose, the longest
about 4 lin. long (probably longer
under cultivation), 3-4 lin. apart ;
glands of the involucre entire, with
a cup-like cavity oon eee eee (102) brevirama,
Branches cylindric, clavate or tapering
upwards, usually in more than 3
series or regularly arranged all over
the top of the main body of the
plant, radiating or erect, the
longest varying in different species
from 3-15 in. long; glands of the
involucre with teeth or processes
along the outer margin (182, 2.
procumbens, Mill., may belong here) :
Involucre with a dense mass of woolly
white hairs exserted from it and
its glands either with conspicuous
white appendages or woolly on the
top ... see ae ‘ee «.. (117) inermis and
var. 8.
Involucre either without exserted
woolly white hairs or if they are
present are not very dense and
the glands are then without con-
spicuous white appendages :
Outer branches usually 4-15 in. long,
radiating :
Leaves 14-24 lin. long; involucres
4-6 lin. in diam., having
green glands with white pro-
cesses .., aes a ... (118) Caput-Meduse.
Leaves 8-6 lin. long; involucres
24-34 lin. in diam. having
green glands with greenish-
white teeth ... des -.. (119) Bergeri.
Outer or longest branches ?-3 in.
long, erect or radiating :
Branches when dried mostly $
in. or more thick at the upper
part, more or less clavate,
238 EUPHORBIACEA (Brown). | Euphorbia.
crowded and _ completely
covering the of the main
stem ... ‘ oe .. (115) Braunsii,
Branches when aad less ar 3
in, thick, cylindric or slightly
narrowing upwards, not
always covering the top of
the main stem to its centre:
Styles united into a column
3-14 lin. long; glands of
the involucre green or
yellowish-green :
Tubercles on the branches
scarcely prominent;
peduncles about 14 lin.
long, remaining green and
fleshy as they persist ... (101) Huttone.
Tubercles on the branabee
distinctly although
slightly prominent;
peduncles 2-6 lin, long,
withering as they persist :
Main stem subeylindric ;
involucre 2 lin. in
diam., with dull olive-
green glands ; ovary
thinly pubescent ... (106) arida.
Main stem globose ; in-
volucre 24-3 lin. in
diam,, with bright dark
green glands; ova
glabrous ae .. (107) decepta.
Styles only shortly aes: at
their base or for $-4 lin. :
Glands of the involucre
brown or chocolate-
coloured : .
Branches covering the
whole top of the main
stem and when they
fall away their bases
form tubercles on the
naked part of the
stem ... xt ... (116) baliola.
Branches arranged in many
series around a central
branchless tuberculate
area at the top of the
main stem, not form-
ing tubercles on the
stem when they fall
away ... fee .. (105) fusea,
Glands of the involucre green
or not brown or chocolate-
coloured :
Main stem bearing branches
all over the top, no
central branchlessarea ;
leaves 8-18 lin, long ... (104) namibensis.
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE (Brown). 239
Main stem with a flattened
or depressed tubercu-
late central area desti-
tute of branches :
i Peduncles 4-9 lin. long ;
involucre 23-34 lin,
in diam. .<. .-» (110) imelegans.
Peduncles 13-5 lin. long ;
involucre 2-24 lin.
HE-Giam. 55. ... (108) crassipes.
ttPeduncles deciduous, never persisting after 1 season :
Leaves 13-6 in. long; stem simple, globose to
cylindric, 14-3 in. thick ,., aes ee .»» (84) bupleurifolia.
Leaves mostly 3-1} in. long:
Stem cylindric, unbranched (always ?), 6-12 in.
high ; glands of the sessile involucre entire... (85 ) clandestina,
Stem subglobose, with 2-3 series of branches 14-3
in. long ; glands of the shortly pedunculate
involucre with 2-3 short teeth on the outer
margin ... ea ne a ve --- (86) Davyi,
Leaves less or not more than $ in. long, deciduous :
Main stem or body of the plant with a large (or
small in 88, #, basutica) flat or depressed
tuberculate central area destitute of branches
at the top (181, 2. parvimamma, Boiss., and
182, £. procumbens, Mill., may belong here) :
Leaves usually 2-6 lin. long, linear or linear-
lanceolate :
Glands of the involucre with processes branch-
ing at their tips ; ovary pubescent ... (87) ramiglans,
Glands subentire or with small teeth or
crenations :
Peduncles 0-1 lin. long; ovary glabrous,
with styles 1-1 lin. long : ... (93) gatbergensis.
Peduncles 1-9 lin. long:
Glands whitish-green, represented as long
as broad ; styles with slender tips... (94) pugniformis,
Glands yellow or greenish-yellow, some-
times changing to red; styles with
very broad tips :
Outer series of branches mostly less :
than 1} in. long; ovary puberulous (97 ) Flanagani.
Outer series of branches mostly 2 in.
or more long:
Branches 4-6 lin. thick, full grown
always radiately spreading ;
ovary pubescent wet .»» (96) passa,
Branches 24-3 lin. thick, full grown
at first erect, finally radiately
spreading; ovary glabrous or
thinly hairy: :
Peduncles 4-9 lin. long ... ... (98 ) Franksie.
Peduncles 1-34 lin. long... .-» (99) Woodii.
Leaves }-13 lin. long, lanceolate to elliptic:
Branches 2-8 in. long and 3-1 in. thick ;
involucre 13-24 lin. in diam., with brown ;
glands a ae ws is .»» (92) esculenta.
240 EUPHORBIACE (Brown). | Euphorbia.
Branches 3-13 in. long and 4-4 in. thick :
Involucre 34-4 lin, in diam., with =
glands: ovary glabrous. €5 . (88 ) basutica.
Involucre 24-23 lin. in diam., with pas
brownish-crimson to bright red glands ;
ovary pubescent sis se ... (95 ) Gorgonis.
Main stem covered with branches, nearly or
quite to the centre of its top, without or with
a very small branchless tuberculate area ;
‘glands of the involucre greenish or yellow:
Branches laxly scattered over the top of the
plant ; peduncles 14-24 lin. sieye ‘ rds
thinly pubescent... . (100) discreta.
Branches crowded ; 5 ciiiahia' none or sian more
than 4-1 lin. long :
Branches with age repeatedly branching at
their tips forming a convex cushion-like
mass ; ovary glabrous... aS .. (90) clavarioides.
Branches simple or with here and sae: a
lateral branch :
Branches 4-8 lin. thick :
Branches subcylindric, truncate at the
apex, closely contiguous and crowded
into a compact flat-topped mass ;
ovary thinly hairy ... wes ... (91) truncata.
Branches clavate, rounded at the apex,
somewhat crowded, but not closely
contiguous, at least at the tips ;
ovary glabrous ie Te ... (88) basutica.
Branches 3-4 (when dried 2-3) lin. thick,
cylindric, crowded, ovary glabrous ... (89) Ernesti.
***Plant dwarf, consisting of a single unbranched or
occasionally branching globose, obconie or cylin-
dric 8-12-angled stem, not tuberculate or only
along the angles ; cymes puberulous :
Stem cylindric-oblong, 6-8 in. high, 3-34 in. thick ;
cymes erect, 14-2 in. long and broad, 3-4- times
forked, on peduncles 3-10 lin. long... .. (155) valida.
Stem obconic or pear-shaped, as thick as sai, ;
cymes ascending, 4-1 in. long, once or twice
forked, on peduncles 1-2 lin. long ‘ee .. (158) pyriformis.
Stem globose, as thick as long :
Scars along the angles crowded, 4? lin, apart ;
cymes apparently deciduous ; ; ovary glabrous (159) obesa.
Sears along the angles not crowded, 14-3 lin.
apart; cymes persistent or deciduous on
different plants of the same species :
Cymes divided close to the base into 2-8 once
or twice-forked branches and spreading
over and close to the top of the plant as if
pressed upon it, at least when in flower ;
ovary puberulous oe ee ..» (156) meloformis.
Cymes with peduncles 4-1 in. hola erect. or
ascending and standing out from the plant (157) infausta.
****Plant very dwarf, consisting of a small clump of
branches constricted at their origin or renewal of
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE.E (Brown).
growth into globose, clavate or cylindric joints,
more or less tubereulate or with prominent leaf-
scars ; glands of the involucre with 3-5 subulate
or finger-like processes :
Branches or joints globose or clavate ; peduncles
usually 3-3 in, long, sometimes shorter ; styles
1$ lin, long o's see tee ... (79) globosa,
Branches or joints mostly cylindric or slightly
tapering upwards, occasionally oblong or sub-
globose :
Peduncles 4-3 in. long, simple or forked into 2 or
3 rays; styles 2-3 lin. long ... oe -»- (78) ornithopus.
Peduncles 1-2 lin. long, simple... et ... (77 ) tridentata.
IT. Plants armed with hard sharp spines.
*Spines not in pairs, solitary or (in 150, £. horrida and
151, £. polygona) with 1-4 smaller spines clustered
at the base of the main spines, simple or stellately
branched, formed of modified peduncles :
tStems or branches tessellately marked into rhomboid
areas or covered with conspicuous or slightly
evident tubercles arranged in spiral series not
forming distinct vertical angles ; spines simple :
Spines and peduncles similar, 3-2 in. long, 3-1 lin.
thick at the base, straight; glands of the
involucre entire :
Plant much branched (bushy ?) 1-3 ft. high ;
leaves 1-3 in. long; spines usnally grey or
brown ... tee a Bes a ... (135) loricata.
Plant with crowded branches forming a densely
spiny hemispherical cushion 43~6 in. high ; :
leaves 3-14 in, long; spines white ... ... (134) Eustacei.
Spines $28 in. long, 1-2} lin. thick at the base,
much longer and stouter than the peduncles,
curved ; glands of the involucre with 2-8 teeth
or processes, }-# lin. long on the outer margin :
Stem unbranched, obconie or cylindric with stout
spines arising from stout tubercles (in dried
specimens the spines sometimes falsely appear
to come from the axils of the Michi
uncles 6-12 lin. long, arisin in e :
Lic isges ‘ a i iy a ... (182) fasciculata.
Stem or main axis thick, conical, $-2 ft. high, ~
densely covered nearly to the top with short
tuberculate branches intermingled with or
bearing spines ; flowering peduncles 3-4 lin.
long, arising from the axils of the tubercles ;
at the tips of the branches... xs ... (138) multiceps.
ttStem with 5-20 distinct acute or tessellately tubercu-
late vertical or slightly spiral angles; spines
scattered along the angles :
tSpines or some of them forked or stellately branch-
ing into smaller spines at the apex :
Stem 10-16-angled, uniformly green; peduncle
A with I involucre : 14-4 lin, 1 ee
talk of spine-clusters in, long ; z
$ lin. thick. brown ... ae a ... (152) stelleespina.
FL. C.—VOL. V.—SECT, IL. R
241
242 EUPHORBIACEA (Brown). | Luphoriia,
Stalk of spine clusters +74 lin. long ; spines
3-1 lin. thick, grey . : ar ... (153) astrispina.
Stem about 5-7-angled, Giant banded with
pale green and darker green; peduncles
usually bearing an umbel of 2-6 involucres, ‘
but occasionally only one ‘es ees ... (154) Pillansii.
tiSpines all entire:
Stems 2-43 in. thick, with 10-20 angles ; peduncles
13-3 lin. long : : :
.Stem-angles 1-14 in. prominent ; main spines
4-10 lin. long, stout, with 2-4 smaller
spines at their base, all crowded ... ... (150) horrida.
Stem-angles 3-3 in. prominent; main spines
2-4 lin. long, solitary or with 1-2 smaller
spines or remains of peduncles at their base (151) polygona.
Stems or flowering branches 3-2 in. thick :
Stems divided along the angles into very short
and very obtuse tubercles by impressed
lines (tessellately tuberculate); spines
usually reddish or purplish when young,
becoming pale brown or grey; peduncles
3-2 lin. long:
Plant 4-8 in. high; branches 3-1 in. thick,
7-10-angled ; involucre dark purple’... (141) beet
Plant 1-3 ft. high ; branches 1-1? in. thick,
7-17-angled ; spines 4-$lin, thick :
Tubercles on the stem-angles without or
with no very evident raised line across
them ; involucre dull purple ; styles :
united into a column 1 lin. long ... (142) mammillaris.
Tubercles on the stem-angles with a very
evident raised line across them; in-
volucre green; styles united into a
column 3 lin. long... se ... (148) fimbriata.
Stems not divided along the angles into tubercles
by impressed lines, but the angles some-
times toothed :
Spines frequently or mostly curved, often 1
lin. thick at the base, some smaller :
Stems or branches 14-13 in. thick, 9-12-
angled ; spines Sis in. long, brown,
becoming grey . és eas . (148) ferox.
Stems or branches Parl in. thick, 6-7-
angled ; spines Ba & in. long, dark red
or blackish-purp e, becoming grey... (147) enopla.
Spines all straight, $-1 in. long, #3 lin.
thick at the base :
Plant apparently with a single stem 9-10
in. high, 10-12-angled ; angles ap-
parently not weak prominent, obtusely fe
rounded .. yooh fongee ... (149) cucumerina.
Plant 2-8 in. high, ‘eating at the base
into many stems, often forming dense
spiny cushion-like masses :
Spines black; stems with 6-9 broadly
rounded angles; peduncles 2 lin.
(or more 7) long gue sae .- (136) atrispina.
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACEA (Brown). 245
Spines reddish or brown, sometimes be-
coming grey with age; stems #-14
in. thick :
Stems transversely banded with dull
green and whitish-green on the
growing part, 8—-10-angled ; angles
subacute... ae ee ... (189) alternicolor,
Stems uniformly green (without bands)
on the growing part; involucre
sessile or very shortly peduncu-
late :
Stems 7-angled; angles subacute ;
involucral glands dark purple... (137) pulvinata.
Stems usually 8-10- (occasionally 7-)
angled ; angles obtuse; in-
volucral glands greenish-yellow (138) aggregata.
Plant 1-9 ft. high, mostly branched at the
base or upper part:
Stems 9-1]-angled :
Angles distinctly toothed ; flowering
peduncles 14-3 lin. long; in-
volucral glands dark purple or
blackish-purple ; ovary puberulous (144) cereiformis.
Angles not toothed; flowering pedun-
cles 1 lin. (or more ?) long ; ovary
glabrous... ee ae ... (140) captiosa.
Stems 4-8- (or in 146, ZL. heptagona,
sometimes up to 10-) angled; in-
volucral glands purple or purple-
brown :
Plant 4-9 ft. high ; spines light brown ;
flowering peduncles 2-6 lin. long ;
involucre 2 lin. in diam. ... ... (145) pentagona.
Plant up to 2 ft. high; spines purple-
brown, becoming grey; flowering
peduncles 3-9 lin. long ; involucre
13-1 lin. in diam. oo ... (146) heptagona.
**Spines in pairs along the angles of the 3-8-angled, or
occasionally flattened 2-angled branches ; glands of
the involucre entire or in 167, £. Schinzii, with a
slight notch on the margin :
Spines }-24 in. long; branches 2-6 in. in diam., 3-
angled, very deeply constricted into short sagittate- :
_ Teniform segments ... 9... ss eee seve (178) grandicornis.
Spines 1-6 lin. Jong:
tTrees 10-30 ft. high : :
Branches deeply constricted into short conical
or deltoid-ovate segments ; angles with broad :
continuous horny margins... ne ... (174) Cooperi.
Branches constricted into elongated slightly conical
lanceolate or parallel-sided segments ; spine-
shields quite separate or in 178, #. Lvansti
and 177, #. triangularis, frequently united
into a very narrow continuous horny margin:
Flowering branches either more than 2 in. in
diam., or if less, then with the edges of the
angles between the spine-shields 23-3 lin.
thick ; :
bo
D244 EUPHORBIACE& (Brown), | Euphorbia.
Flowering-eyes 2-4 lin, above the spine-
shields and ‘quite separate from them ;
angles of young branches not more than
1} lin. thick at the “tee between the
spine-shields vai . (176) similis.
Flowering-eyes nearly or oases coding the
spine-shields :
Branches erect or ascending, forming an
obeonic crown ; angles 24-3 lin. thick
at the edges; spine-shields of a thin
disintegrating substance and often
spineless, suborbicular or ERE
rust-coloured ... eee ... (175) ingens.
Branches spreading and cncarel, Sosning
a rounded crown; angles 14-2 lin.
thick at the edges; spine-shields
horny, longer than broad, free or :
united into a horny margin ... .. (177) triangularis.
Flowering branches 4-2 in. in diam. , 3— Bangle’
or flat and 2-angled, usually less than 1g
lin. thick at the edges between the spine-
shields :
Flowering branches 1-2 in. in diam. ; spine-
shields sometimes united into a Bites
margin oS Le ae . (178) Evansii.
Flowering branches 3~1 in. in i dao. f sae
shields free, never united into a horny
margin; flowering-eyes touching the
spine-shields :
Flowering branches often 3- (sometimes ofl
angled, conspicuously toothed . (179) grandidens.
Flowering branches usually 4-5- (aocsie
times 3-) a often rather ey
toothed . ove abe . (180) tetragona.
ttBushes or shrubs 2-8 ft. high, with the spine-shields
united into a continuous horny margin or
sometimes free :
Stems simple or occasionally sparingly branched,
4-8 ft. high, 5-7-angled, constricted into
ellipsoidal segments... “ .. (172) virosa.
Stems more or less branched, 2-8 ft. high:
Branches 3-4-angled ; flowering-eyes seated
nearly midway between two pairs of spines (169) frankiana.
Branches 4-7-angled ; flowering-eyes seated at
about one-third of the distance up between
_ two pairs of spines :
Stems more or less glaucous or rhc pees :
spines 3-6 lin. long, am lin. thick ;
volucre unknown ... ; .. (170) coerulescens.
Stems green, not glaucous ; spines “1-8 lin,
long, $-3 lin. thick, sometimes absent ;
involucre narrowly obconic, yellow —_... (171) Ledienii.
ttt+Dwarf plants, less than 1 ft. high and usually only
attaining 3-6 in. above the ground, often with
a thick tuberous rootstock :
Spines subconnate at the base, then diverging ;
tubercles on the i ‘crowded, —,
arranged oe aay as . (161) mammillosa.
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACEE (Brown). 245
Spines free, diverging from the base ; tubercles
on the angles sometimes near together or
spirally arranged, but not crowded :
Dried branches (including the teeth) 9-12 lin.
in diam. at the broadest part, 3-4-angled :
Branches not or rarely constricted at intervals ;
spine-shields very small, not extending
to the flowering eyes, with 1 pair of
spines, pale brown ae ... (164) clavigera,
Branches constricted at intervals; spine-
shields broadly extending to the flowering
eyes, with 1 small and 1 large pair of
spines, grey cee eis ae ... (165) enormis.
Dried branches (including the teeth) 3-8 lin, in
diam. at the broadest part :
Spine-shields united into continuous horny
grey margins; stems 5-angled, decum-
bent ; involucre not described ... ... (168) griseola,
Spine-shields quite separate ; glands of the
involucre yellow or greenish-yellow :
Branches always simple, radiately spreading
from the top of the tuber, tapering to
a more or less stalk-like base :
Branches with only 2 spine-bearing angles,
flattish or slightly concave above,
convex beneath ‘as ... (162) stellata.
Branches with 3-4 spine-bearing angles :
Branches 3 (or 4?)-angled, with conical
teeth 2-3 lin. prominent .-- (160) squarrosa.
Branches 4-angled, with the teeth
slightly or not more than 1 lin.
prominent... ses ees ... (163) micracantha.
Branches often branching, erect, 3—5-angled :
Spines dark brown or grey; capsule
sessile ; styles 1-1} lin. long, shortly ee,
united at the base ... Ee ... (167) Schinzii.
Spines at first light brown, becoming
grey ; capsule exserted on a pedicel
14-3 lin. beyond the involucre ;
styles 2 lin. long, united to half-way i:
up. &. si nee ve ... (166) Knuthii.
1. E. prostrata (Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. i. ii. 139); annual; stems
iately spreading on the ground, 2-8 in. long, with alternate
branches, usually slightly flattened from above, puberulous on the
upper side, at least along a middle line, with minute curved hairs,
glabrous on the underside ; leaves opposite, shortly petiolate, 1)-34
- long, $-2 lin. broad, oblong to elliptic or slightly oblong-
obovate, obtuse or rounded at the apex, distinctly or obscurely
_ toothed, sometimes ciliate, glabrous on both sides or with a few
Scattered hairs beneath, chiefly near the apex; stipules on the
upper side of the stem usually free and on the under side united
into a deltoid-ovate body, toothed at the apex ; inflorescence ot
short axillary leafy raceme-like branches, with 1 axillary involucre
_ to each pair of leaves or sometimes reduced to a cluster of 2-3.
246 EUPHORBIACE (Brown). | Euphorbia.
involucres on a short peduncle with 2-3 pairs of minute spathulate
leaves ; peduncles }—1 lin. long, glabrous; involucre 4-3} lin. long,
campanulate, glabrous or very thinly pubescent, with 4 glands and
5 lobes ; glands minute, with the appendage just exceeding their
margin or obsolete; capsule }—2 lin. in diam., pubescent with
spreading hairs along the somewhat acute angles, glabrous on the
sides ; styles minute, bifid ; seeds } lin. long, 4-angled, transversely
wrinkled, pale reddish. Boiss. Ic. Euphorb. 12, t. 17, and in DC.
Prodr. xv. ii. 47; N. E. Br. in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 510.
Coast Region: Uitenhage Div.; Redhouse, Mrs. Paterson, 983! Albany Div. ;
emia near Grahamstown, Daly! East London Diy. ; East London, Rattray,
KaLawarti Recron : Orange River Colony ; Viljoens Drift, Rogers, 4807 !
EastERN Recion: Natal; Inanda, Wood, 80! near Pietermaritzburg, Wilms,
2257! Phoenix, Schlechter, 2938! Berea, near Durban, Wood, 541!
A native of Tropical America, introduced into other Tropical and Subtropical
regions.
2, E. inequilatera (Sond. in Linnzea, xxiii. 105) ; annual ; stems
several, prostrate or occasionally apparently erect, 1-6 in. long,
spreading from the crown of the root, pinnately branched, often
angular, glabrous all round ; leaves opposite, shortly petiolate, 1-5
lin. long, 4-24 lin. broad, oblong or obliquely elliptic, obtusely
rounded at the apex, obliquely half-cordate at the base, entire or
toothed, glabrous on both sides, herbaceous or subcoriaceous, some-
times marked with a red spot or blotch ; stipules all free or those on
the underside of the stem more or less united, subulate or cut into
filiform segments, often as long as or longer than the petioles ;
involucres solitary and axillary on very short axillary branchlets,
minute, very shortly pedunculate, }—} lin. long and as much in
diam., subcampanulate or globose-campanulate, glabrous, with 4
glands and 5 minute ciliate lobes ; glands minute, half surrounded
by a narrow entire or 2—3-toothed appendage, sometimes almost
obsolete ; capsule 3-1 lin. in diam., glabrous, exserted on a pedicel
slightly longer than the involucre and recurved ; styles very minute,
bitid ; seeds 2-8 lin. long, 4-angled, with slight transverse rugosities,
pale reddish or whitish. Walp. Ann. iii. 358. E. parvifolia, E. Meyer;
and KH. setigera, E. Meyer in Drege, Zwei Pf. Documente, 184 (name
only), and ex Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 34, 35. E. sanguinea,
Hochst. & Steud. ex Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 35 (ineluding
vars. setigera and natalensis, Boiss.); N. E. Br. in Dyer,
Trop. Afr. vi. i. 508. Anisophyllum inzequilaterum, Klotzsch «
Garcke in Abhandl. Akad. Berlin, 1860, 22. A, Mundii, Klotzsch &
Gareke, le. 25, A. setigerum, Klotzsch & Garcke, le. 29.
Var. 8, perennis (N. E. Br.); perennial, with a more or less woody rootstock ;
leaves oblong to elliptic, sometimes nearly as broad as long, entire or finely and
very sharply toothed, usually more coriaceous than in the type, otherwise similar.
Coast Recion : Bedford Div. ; Goba River, MacOwan, 1469! Fort Beaufort
Div. ; Adelaide, Rogers, 4494! Queenstown Div. ; near Queenstown, Galpin, 1950 !
King Williamstown Div. ; near King Williamstown, Schlechter, 6122! East London
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACES (Brown). 247
Div. ; near East London, Rattray, 882! Komgha Diy. ; banks of the Kei River,
Drége, 4618! bo
Centrat Region: Calvinia Diy. ; Bitterfontein, Zeyher, 1541! Prince Albeit
Div. ; by the Gamka River, Mund & Maire, 15! Jansenville Div. ; Zwartruggens,
Dreéye, 8191! Graaff Reinet Div. ; Ryneveldt. Pass, Bolus, 412! Murraysburg
Div. ; near Murraysburg, Tyson, 338! Albert Div., Cooper, 786!
WESTERN REGION: Great Namaqualand ; various localities, Pearson, 3161!
3736! 4285! 4327! 4689! 4769! 4776! 8181! Little Namaqualand ; between
Holgat River and the Orange River, Drége, 2953 !
Karanart Recion: Griqualand West; Kimberley, Marloth, 745! Orange
River Colony ; Thaba Unchu, Burke! Sand River, Burke! Bloemfontein, Burtt-
Davy, 11849! 11850! Transvaal ; various localities, Rehmann, 6673! Wilms,
1338! Miss Leendertz, 18! 36! Burtt-Davy, 51, 1164! 1194! 1226! 1459!
Var. B: Orange River Colony ; Sand River, Burke, 507! Bechuanaland ; near
the sources of the Kuruman River, Burchell, 2476; between the sources of the
Kuruman River and Kosifontein, Burchell, 2535 ! Transvaal ; Fourteen Streams,
Burtt-Davy, 1544! Schweizer Reneke, Burtt-Davy, 1695! Waterval, Miss
Leendertz, 823! hills near Wilge River, Schlechter, 3744! near Pretoria, Kirk,
49! and without precise locality, Zeyher, 1542!
Eastern Recion: Natal; near Ladysmith, Gerrard, 611! Clairmont, Wood,
1432! near Weenen, Wood, 4436! near Durban, Miss Owen! and without precise
roe Gerrard, 60! Var. @: near Tugela, Wood, 3552! near Durban, Miss
wen
_ When working out the Tropical African species of Euphorbia 1 had not
lnvestigated those of South Africa, but now that I have done so, I find that all
the names above referred to this species certainly belong to one and the same
plant. It therefore becomes necessary in accordance with the rule of priority to
adopt the name £. inequilatera, Sond., for this species instead of that of
E. sanguinea, Hochst. andi{Steud., adopted in the Flora of Tropical Africa,
because it is the first name for the plant that was published with a description.
E. inequilatera was published in 1850, and although the names £. parvifolia
and —#, setigera were published by Droge in 1843, they are mere names in a
catalogue, unaccompanied by any description, and the name FZ. sanguinea was
not published until 1862, when Boissier gave a description of it, as he then also
did of L. parvifolia and E. setigera for the first time.
Also in Tropical Africa and Arabia.
3, E. Schlechteri (Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 26); a perennial
leafy herb, 6-8 in. high ; stems apparently several from the same
root, erect, with erect branches, pubescent ; leaves opposite, 3-7 lin.
long, 1j{-3 lin. broad, obliquely ovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse, very
unequal and half-cordate at the base, minutely toothed or entire,
glabrous above, thinly pubescent beneath, apparently purplish
along the margins ; involucres solitary, axillary and in the forks of
the branchlets, much shorter than the leaves, on peduncles 2 lin.
long, somewhat pear-shaped, 3 lin. in diam., glabrous, with 4
appendaged glands and 5 minute ciliate lobes ; glands }—} lin. in
their greater diam., transversely elliptic or oblong, with a narrow
petaloid entire white appendage on the outer margin ; capsule 1} lin.
in diam., obtusely 3-angled, thinly pubescent with rather long and
somewhat adpressed hairs, exserted and recurved on a_ pedicel
nearly twice as long as the involucre; styles } lin. long, free to
the base and very deeply bifid, with slender segments ; seeds { lin.
long, ovoid-oblong, subacute at. one end, 4-angled, slightly rugulose,
reddish.
248 KUPHORBIACE (Brown). | Euphorbia.
Eastern Recion : Portuguese East Africa ; Ressano Garcia, near Komati Poort,
1000 ft., Schlechter, 11915!
4, BE, livida (E. Meyer in Drige, Zwei Pil. Documente, 154, ex
Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 14); perennial ; stems many from a
woody rootstock, decumbent or prostrate, branched, glabrous ;
leaves opposite, shortly petiolate, coriaceous or perhaps somewhat
fleshy, }—? in. long, 24-54 lin. broad, ovate, elliptic or suborbicular,
obtuse or rounded at the apex, obliquely subcordate at the base,
entire, glabrous on both sides; stipules 2 to each node, ovate,
toothed ; cymes small, axillary, pedunculate ; involucres on peduncles
4-14 lin. long, cup-shaped, 3 lin. in diam., glabrous, with 3-4 glands
and 4-5 minute fringed lobes; glands about } lin. in their greater
diam., transversely elliptic, entire, with the appendage merely form-
ing an outer rim to the outer margin ; capsule exserted and recurved,
13-1] lin. in diam., glabrous; styles } lin. long, free to the base,
erect with bitid recurved tips; seeds about ? lin. long, ovoid or
ellipsoid, obscurely 4-angled, slightly rugulose, whitish.
Coast Rrcion: East London Div. ; by the shore on Cove Rocks at East
London, Galpin, 7351! Komgha Div.; near the mouth of the Kei River,
Flanagan, 180!
Eastern Recion: Transkei; prostrate on the beach in patches, J/iss Pegler,
1290! Krielis Country, Bowker! Pondoland; between Umsikaba River and
Umtentu River, Drége, 4622! and without precise locality, Bachmann, 756!
Natal: The Bluff, 260 ft., near Durban, Wood, 7933! and without precise
locality, Gerrard, 11711! sea shore at Winkle Spruit, Miss Franks in Herb. Wood,
11898!
5. E. hypericifolia (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 454, and Ameen. Acad. iil.
113); annual, 3-18 in. high, branching at the base or sometimes
simple; stems simple or alternately branching, puberulous or
glabrous ; leaves opposite, shortly petiolate, 1-14 in. long, }—} in.
broad, oblong, oblong-lanceolate, elliptic or ovate, subacute to
rounded at the apex, oblique at the base, minutely toothed or
rarely entire, puberulous beneath or on both sides ; stipules divided
into 2 or more slender fimbriate segments ; cymes axillary, }-} 10.
in diam., laxly few- to densely many-flowered, on a peduncle y'5-3
in. long, puberulous or glabrous, often with a pair of leaves at its
apex ; bracts }—2 lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate, ciliate or entirely
glabrous ; involucres about } lin. long, on peduncles }—I lin. long,
cup-shaped, puberulous or glabrous, with 4 appendaged glands and
5 lobes; glands minute, orbicular or transversely elliptic ; appe=-
dages spreading, transversely elliptic, entire, }—} lin. broad, white ;
capsule 1 lin. in diam., pubescent or glabrous ; styles deeply bifid ;
seeds ellipsoid, 4-angled, slightly transversely rugose, whitish-grey
to reddish-brown, with a glaucous hue at the apex or all over.
Hook. Exot. Fl. i. t. 36; Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 23; N. E. Br.
in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 498. E. pilulifera, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed.
i. 454, in Ameen. Acad. iii. 115 and Herbarium, excluding reference to
Burmann, not of other authors. E. indica, Lam. Encyel. ii. 423 ;
Huphorbia.| KUPHORBIACEA (Brown). 249
Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 22, incl. var. angustifolia, Boiss.
Anisophyllum indicum, Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 34. — Phyl-
lanthus obliquus, E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 211,
name only, not of Mill. Arg.—Tithymalus americanus flosculis albis,
Commelin, Preel. Bot. 60, t. 10.
Katanart Recon: Transvaal ; Shilovane, Junod, 644! Kaap Muiden, near
Barberton, Thorncroft, 758 ! 7
Eastern ReGion: Pondoland; between St. Johus and Umtsikaba Rivers,
Dréye, 4625! Natal; Umblanga, Wood, 1213! near Phonix, Wood, 1802!
Schlechter, 2899! and without precise locality, Gerrard, 56! between Delagoa
Bay and Komati River, Bolus, 9768 !
Also in Tropical and North Africa, the warmer parts of Asia and Malaya,
Tropical and North America. Probably introduced into South Africa.
6. E. hirta (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 454, and Ameen. Acad. iii. 114) ;
annual, 1}—16 in. high ; stems erect or decumbent at the base, simple
or dichotomously branching, rather coarsely pilose with yellow
spreading hairs, usually densely at the upper part, thinly below,
with an under pubescence of minute curved subadpressed hairs ;
leaves opposite, 1-2 in. long, 1-3 in. broad, obliquely lanceolate or
ovate or rhomboid-oblong, acute or subobtuse, on one side of the
midrib cuneate at the base, on the other rounded, finely serrate,
thinly adpressed-pubescent on both sides, more minutely so or
sometimes glabrous above; petiole $—14 lin. long ; stipules minute,
subulate ; cymes axillary, }—} in. in diam., globose or dichotomously
divided into 2-3 globose heads, with peduncles 1-6 lin. long,
puberulous with minute curved hairs; involucres densely crowded,
male or bisexual, minute, about } lin. long, campanulate, obconic
or cup-like, with 4 glands and 5 deltoid acute fringed lobes ; glands
linear viewed sideways, orbicular and 1—,, lin. in diam. at the
truncate apex as seen from above, with a very minute appendage ;
capsule exserted and curved to one side, 3-angled, } lin. in diam.,
thinly puberulous with minute adpressed curved hairs; styles free,
x lin. long, deeply divided into 2 slender, truncate arms ; seeds
about 3 lin. long, oblong, 4-angled, with slight transverse rugosities,
light reddish. Jacg. Collect. v. 160, t. 11, fig. 1; N. BE. Br. in
Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 496. E. capitata, Lam. Eneyel. ii. 422.
E. pilulifera, Jacq. Ic. iii. 5, t. 478, and Collect. ii. 361; Boiss. in
DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 21.
Katanart Recion: Transvaal; Bremersdorp, Burtt-Dary, 3007! Barberton,
Thorneroft, 4993! Warmbath, Walker ! 3
Eastern Recion: Natal; Malvern, near Durban, Wood, 647! near Durban,
Wood, 120! a weed in Durban Botanic Garden, Wood, 3130! Phoenix, Schlechter,
2890! and without precise locality, Gerrard, 239! Lourengo Marques,
Quintas, 178,
Phos distributed throughout the Tropics, probably introduced into South
rica,
7. E. neopolycnemoides (Pax & Hoff. in Engl. Jahrb. xlv. 240) ;
annual, or perhaps sometimes perennial, 2-10 in. high, divided at
the base into 2 (or occasionally more) main branches, which are
250 EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). [ Zuphorbia.
1—6-times forked, erect, rather slender, glabrous, laxly leafy ; leaves
all opposite, spreading, very shortly petiolate, }-1} in. long, }—15
lin. broad, linear, acute, obliquely subcordate at the base, with the
margins narrowly revolute, glabrous on both sides; involucres
solitary in the forks or terminal on the ultimate branchlets, shortly
pedunculate, 1 lin. in diam., cup-shaped, glabrous, with 4 appen-
daged glands and 4—5 minute toothed lobes; glands }—} lin. in
their greater diam., transverse, narrowly elliptic, excavated at the
top, half encircled by a conspicuous petal-like white or red appen-
dage; capsule about | lin. in diam., obtusely 3-angled, exserted
on a recurved pedicel, glabrous ; styles } lin. long, free to the base,
erect, collected together, minutely bifid at the apex ; seeds about
} lin. long, ellipsoid, 4-angled, with 3-4 transverse ridges on each
face, reddish. E. arabica, var. latiappendiculata, Pax in Engl.
Jahrb. xliii. 85.
Kaanart Reaion: Transvaal; Queens River Valley and Kaap Valley, neat
Barberton, Galpin, 757! Warmbath, Burtt-Davy, 5563! Bolus, 12280! Komati
Poort, Schlechter, 11736! near the Magalaqueen (Nyl) River, between Nylstroom
and Naboomfontein, Schlechter, 4278!
Eastern Recion: Delagoa Bay, Junod, 140!
This belongs to a small group of African and North American species which
closely resemble one another, but seem clearly distinct when carefully examined.
From F/. arabica, Hochst. & Steud., it is at. once distinguished by its much
larger gland-appendages and very much longer styles. #. Eylesii, Rendle, and
E. leshumensis, N. E. Br., are also similar; from the former it differs by its
annual habit, mode of branching and smaller gland-appendages, &c., and from the
latter, besides other differences, by always dividing into 2 main branches at
the node formed by the seed-leaves, whilst in £. leshumensis the seed-leaf node
and 2-3 nodes above it never appear to produce branches,
8. E. Pfeilii (Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xxiii. 534) ; a perennial herb,
9-18 in. high, with the stems repeatedly forked from the base,
slender, 1-1} lin. thick at the base, rigidly herbaceous at the upper
part, sometimes naked below, glabrous ; leaves very small, opposite,
rather thick and fleshy, including the short petiole 14-2} lin. long, 3—3
lin. broad, linear-oblong, entire and apiculate or minutely toothed at
the apex, glabrous on both sides, probably glaucous ; involucre soli-
tary, at first terminal, but by the outgrowth of branches immediately
beneath it, is left in the forks of the branches, where it ripens seed
and then falls away, sessile, } lin. in diam., cup-shaped, glabrous
or with some minute crisped hairs outside, with 4 glands and 5
rectangular minutely toothed lobes; glands minute, transversely
oblong, without an appendage ; capsule about | in. in diam., thinly
covered with minute curved hairs, exserted on a pedicel {-1} lin.
long, at first curved to one side, ultimately erect ; styles }-} lin.
long, free to the base, erect, bifid at the apex; seeds not seen.
E. anomala, Pax in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2 sér., viii. 636, not of Bovss-
nor of Salzmann.
Western Reqion: Great Namaqualand ; Stolzenfels Reitfontein, Graf Pfeil,
91! in a river-bed at Buchholzbrunn, 3250 ft., Pearson, 3658! Inachab,
Dinter, 15!
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE.E (Brown). 251
9. E. pseudotuberosa (Pax in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2 scr, viii. 637) ;
a perennial herb ; rootstock a large fleshy tuber, producing one to
several elongated fleshy neck-like subterranean stems, from which
the leaf-stems arise ; leaf-stems few or many, annual, $2 in. high,
simple or forked, glabrous or thinly and minutely puberulous ;
leaves opposite under the involucres or at the forkings of the stem,
alternate elsewhere, sessile, }—14 in. long, {-2 lin. broad, linear or
lanceolate, acute, with infolded margins or concave-channelled,
glabrous on both sides, more or less glaucous, thinly coriaceous ;
stipules none ; involucre }—! in, in diam., solitary and terminal or in
the forks of the stems or 2-3 in a lax cyme, cup-shaped, glabrous
or minutely puberulous outside, with 4—5 glands and 5 transversely
rectangular fringed puberulous lobes; glands 1}—2 lin. across,
palmately divided into 3-5 rather stout recurved-spreading seg-
ments }—1 lin. long, corrugated on their upper surface and along
the outer portion of the 2-lipped undivided part ; capsule 3-3} lin.
in diam., tricoccous, glabrous, much exserted on a puberulous
pedicel exceeding the involucre by 14-2 lin.; styles 1}—2 lin. long,
united for one-third to one-half their length, with recurved-
spreading arms, slightly thickened and minutely 2-lobed at the
apex ; seeds not seen.
Katanarr Recon: Transvaal ; near Rustenburg, 4000 ft., Miss Pegler, 934!
near Pretoria, Fehr, 43! Miss Leendertz, 239! Hartebeest Poort, Pretoria District,
4500 ft., Burtt-Davy, 9819! Groonkloof Valley, Mogg! Six-miles Spruit, near
Pretoria, Schlechter, 4794! Smitskraal, Burtt-Davy, 9942! 11284! 12889! and
Without precise locality, Zeyher, 1539 partly !
Very similar in habit and appearance to #. trichadenia, Pax, and easily
mistaken for that species, but may be readily distinguished by its corrugated
involucre-glands and much more exserted ovary and capsule.
10. E. trichadenia (Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 125); a perennial
herb ; rootstock a tuber with an elongated neck, producing annual
herbaceous stems 1—4 in. high, branching from the base, puberulous
or glabrous ; leaves opposite at the flowering nodes and forkings of
the stem, alternate elsewhere, sessile, thinly coriaceous or perhaps
slightly fleshy, 321 in. long, $-2$ lin. broad, linear, acute, usually
slightly curved, often longitudinally folded, glabrous on both sides,
sometimes ciliate on the narrow cartilaginous margins; lowest
leaves and sometimes those under the involucres (bracts) much
smaller, lanceolate, linear-lanceolate or scale-like ; stipules none ;
involucres solitary in the forkings of the stems or sometimes 3-5
in small terminal cymes, shortly pedunculate, 4—5 lin. in diam.,
cup-shaped, glabrous or minutely puberulous outside, with 5 glands
and 5 transversely rectangular or subquadrate fringed lobes ;
glands 11-12 lin. long, 14-2 lin. broad, palmate or somewhat fan-
shaped, deeply divided into 3-7 (or more?) linear or filiform
Segments 3-1} lin. long, once or twice forked at the apex, flat
or channelled but not corrugated on their upper surface, with the
undivided basal part concave or 2-lipped from the inner margin
252 BUPHORBIACE (Brown). [ Buphorbia.
being inflexed ; capsule 5-5) lin. in diam., glabrous, exserted on
an erect pedicel equalling or exceeding the involucre ; styles united
into a column 1-1} lin. long, with revolute arms j{-1} lin. long,
minutely 2-lobed at the tips; seeds 1}-2 lin. in diam., globose,
acutely pointed at one end, thinly and minutely subrugulose with
what appear to be irregular agglutinated masses of minute hairs.
N. E. Br. in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 523. E. benguelensis, Pax
in Bull. Herb. Boiss. vi. 741. E. subfalcata, Hiern, Cat. Afr. Pl.
Welw. i. 948. HE. Gossweileri, Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xiii. 88.
Katanart Recon: Transvaal; tops of mountains at Rietfontein in Zoutpans-
berg district, Miss Leendertz, 872! Warmbath, Burtt-Davy, 5337! Pilgrims Rest,
Greenstock ! between Komati River Drift and Crocodile River, Bolus, 9766! and
without precise locality, Burke! Zeyher, 1539 partly !
Also in Tropical Africa. Growths springing up after the vegetation has been
burnt are very short and totally unlike those normally developed.
11. BE, Gueinzii (Boiss. in DC. Prodr, xv. ii. 71); a tuberous-
rooted perennial, dicecious ; stems often several, 2—6 in. high, simple
or branched, herbaceous, thinly to thickly covered with rather long
spreading hairs or occasionally glabrous; leaves lax or numerous,
alternate below, opposite on the flowering part or at the forkings
of the stem, subsessile or very shortly petiolate, {-1} in. long,
1-54 lin. broad, linear, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, or elliptic
or ovate-lanceolate, acute, cuneate or rounded at the base, usually
glabrous on both sides, rarely with a few long hairs beneath or on
both sides ; bracts like the leaves ; involucres in terminal leafy cymes
or solitary in the forks of the branches, on peduncles }—4 lin. long,
glabrous or pubescent outside, unisexual, 1—3 lin. in diam., cup-
shaped, with 5 glands and 5 subquadrate or oblong-ovate toothed or
ciliate lobes ; glands 4-1} lin. in their greater diam., transverse,
cuneately oblong or somewhat half-circular, with the inner margin
rounded. and the outer straight and entire or minutely crenulate ;
capsule about 2} lin. in diam., tricoccous, hairy or glabrous, exserted
on a recurved pedicel 1}—3 lin. beyond the involucre ; styles very
shortly united at the base, }—? lin. long, stout, with spreading
deeply bifid tips; seeds 1} lin. long, stoutly oblong, slightly
4-angled, with a groove along one angle, obscurely sculptured, pale
greyish-white.
Var. 8, albovillosa (N. E. Br.); stems, both sides of the leaves and the
involucres all densely hairy or villous; otherwise as in the type. &. albovillosa,
Paz in Engl. Jahrb. xxxiv. 373.
Karanarti Region: Basutoland, Cooper, 945! Orange River Colony ; Harrismith,
Sankey, 20! Transvaal; roadsides at Carolina, Nicholson, 4594! Ermelo, Tennant,
6936 1 near Robinson, Burtt-Davy, 2981! Embabaan, Burtt-Davy, 2854!
Eastern Reoion: Griqualand East ; near Clydesdale, Tyson, 2692! Natal ;
near Durban, Sutherland! Sanderson, 214! Ladysmith, Gerrard, 612! Klip
River, Sutherland ! Clairmont Flats, Wood, 697 ! 1715! 3402! Schlechter, 3034!
near Phoenix, Schlechter, 3025 partly (mixed with Phyllanthus maderaspatensis) |
and without precise locality, Sanderson, Gerrard, 523! Var. 8: Natal ; Inchanga,
Schlechter, 3245! Dumisa, Rudatis, 718 !
aT On eS RS
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE® (Brown). 253
12. BE. multifida (N. E. Br.) ; evidently a perennial herb, about
4—6 in, high, with a tuberous or woody rootstock producing annual.
stems, only one seen, about 14 lin. thick, branching into a 5-rayed
umbel at the top, with 1 ray below it, glabrous; rays 14—21 in.
long, $—} lin. thick, once (or perhaps twice) forked, with the
secondary rays }—1} in. long, puberulous; leaves not seen, all
fallen, but probably like the bracts and evidently alternate ; bracts
opposite, sessile, 3-6 lin. long, 2-3 lin. broad, broadly ovate, acu-
minute, puberulous on both sides ; involucre } in. in diam., broadly
and rather shallowly cup-shaped, puberulous outside, with 5 pectinate
glands and 5 transversely rectangular fringed puberulous lobes ;
glands not contiguous, spreading, 1} lin. in their greater diam.,
unequally two-lipped, with 5-6 subulate simple or forked processes
1-1} lin. long on their crinkled outer margin, puberulous all over
the outer surface, but glabrous on the inner or upper surface of the
gland itself ; ovary and capsule not seen, the involucres examined
being male.
Eastern ReGion: probably Natal, described from a single specimen in the
Natal Herbarium, without locality or collector’s name, but bearing the number
10488 !
Similar in habit and closely allied to E. trichadenia, Pax, but evidently
distinct.
13. E. graveolens (N. E. Br.) ; branches 3-6 in. long, probably
arising from a tuberous rootstock, curved at the base in all the
examples seen, 1-1} lin. thick, glabrous ; leaves 4—6 on a branch
and alternate, with a whorl of 4-5 at the base of the umbel,
ascending, 2-6 lin. long, 1-14 lin. broad, lanceolate to elliptic-
lanceolate, acute, narrowed at the sessile base, glabrous, deciduous,
when the branches appear leafless, those of the whor! all fallen from
the specimens seen ; umbel 4—5-rayed, often with 1-2 rays below,
in the axils of the upper leaves; rays }-} in. long, bearing
1 involucre and a pair of bracts 1-2 lin. below it, glabrous ; bracts
? lin. long, 1-1} lin. broad, oblong or oblong-obovate, toothed at the
rounded apex, very concave from the margins being incurved,
glabrous on the back, pubescent on the inner surface ; involucre
24—3 lin. in diam., broadly cup-shaped, glabrous outside, pubescent
within, purplish, with 4 glands and 5 transversely rectangular
deeply toothed lobes; glands deflexed, 1-1} lin. in their greater
diam., either transversely elliptic or suborbicular, with or without
® slight notch on the upper margin and with 4-6 teeth 3-3 lin.
long on the lower margin or divided into two broad denticulate
lobes, apparently green or yellowish-green ; ovary glabrous, exserted
from the involucre on a curved pedicel ; styles united into a column
about } lin. long, with short radiating very broadly cuneate arms
or stigmas, channelled down their face, contiguous and forming a
disc 3-2 lin. in diam. ; capsule and seeds not seen,
Western Recion : Little Namaqualand ; between Stinkfontein and Garies,
Seti 5579! Van Rhynsdorp Diy. ; Karroo at Bakhuis (Bak Oven), Pillans,
486! ‘ :
254 EUPHORBIACEA: (Brown). [ Luphorbia.
The dried specimens of this plant, when placed in boiling water for examination,
give forth an extremely disagreeable odour.
14. E. glaucella (Pax in Bull. Herb. Boiss. vi. 737); annual,
2-15 in. high, in very small plants unbranched, when more fully
developed with about 3—6 ascending main branches, 1—6-times forked,
glabrous ;-leaves all opposite or some of the lower alternate, with a
whorl of 3 at the apex of the main stem, petiolate, glabrous on
both sides; petiole }-4 lin. long; blade 4-2} in. long, 1-4 lin.
. broad, linear, linear-lanceolate, oblong, elliptic or suborbicular,
obtuse and apiculate or minutely 3-toothed or acute at the apex,
otherwise entire, rounded or cuneate at the base; stipules very
minute or absent ; involucres solitary in the forks of the branches
or terminal, shortly pedunculate, ?—1 lin. in diam., somewhat sub-
globosely cup-shaped, glabrous, with 3-5 (usually 4) glands and 4-5
short oblong or subquadrate bifid or subentire fringed lobes ; glands
3-2 lin. in their greater diam., transversely oblong or elliptic,
entire, with a narrow firm (not petal-like) rim along the outer
margin, green; capsule 1}—1} lin. in diam., often rather longer
than broad, exserted on a slender pedicel and thinly sprinkled with
minute stout adpressed hairs or glabrous ; styles about } lin. long,
free to the base, bifid at the apex ; seeds 1-1} lin. long, oblong,
subtruncate at each end, dorsally flattened, labyrinthically tuber-
culate-rugose or scrobiculate-tuberculate, dark brown (perhaps
when immature) or bluish-white, with a pale yellowish or whitish
earuncle. N. E. Br. in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 514. E. kweben-
sis, N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1909, 137.
WesTERN ReGion: Bushmanland ; on broken ground west of Pella, 2500 ft.,
Pearson, 3551! Great Namaqualand ; various localities, 3250-4300 ft., Pearson,
3661! 3728! 3740! 3756! 4041! 4596! 4688! 4677! 4756!
Also in Tropical Africa.
15. E. phylloclada (Boiss. in DC, Prodr. xv, ii. 66); annual or
perennial, with radiately spreading or prostrate branches 1-6 in.
long, in the larger specimens repeatedly branched, glabrous ; leaves
and bracts on the branches all opposite, sessile, often crowded and
imbricate on the flowering parts, forming head-like masses, }—3 in.
long and as much in breadth, broadly cordate-ovate or orbicular-
ovate, obtuse or acute, mucronate, coriaceous or perhaps somewhat
fleshy, with a narrow subcartilaginous white or reddish margin,
green, with a large white or whitish area at the base or occupying
half the leaf on one side of the midrib; leaves on the young main
stem below the primary branches alternate, }-11 in. long, spathu-
lately obovate or orbicular-obovate, obtuse, apiculate, cuneately
tapering into a petiole half to two-thirds as long as the blade ;
stipules none; involucres solitary at the usually very crowded
flowering nodes, subsessile, 1 lin. in diam., and rather longer than
broad, campanulate, thin or somewhat membranous, apparently
whitish or purplish, with 4 glands and 5 quadrate or rectangular
:
2
a
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). 255
3-toothed ciliate lobes ; glands }—2 lin. in their greater diam., trans-
versely linear-oblong, with a conspicuous petaloid slightly crenulate
whitish or purplish appendage; capsule far exserted, recurved,
1} lin. long, 1} lin. in diam., oblong, glabrous ; styles }—} lin.-long,
free, deeply bifid ; seeds 1 lin. long, 4-angled, with a small caruncle,
very minutely tuberculate-scabrous, grey. N. E. Br. in Dyer, FI.
Trop. Afr, vi. i. 494. E. peploides, E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei PA.
Documente, 184, ex Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 66, not of Gouan.
E. hereroensis, Pax in Engl. Jahrb. x. 35,
WestTERN Rearon: Great Namaqualand ; stony slopes 12 miles west of Zand-
verhaar, Pearson, 4272! Little Namaqualand ; between Verleptpram and the
mouth of the Orange River, Drége!
Also in Tropical Africa.
This is readily distinguished from all other species by the habit and the remark-
able variegation of its leaves.
16. E. Helioscopia (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 459, and Ameen, Acad. iii.
124) ; an annual herb, }—1 ft. high, glabrous in all parts; stem
usually with a pair of branches arising from its base, sometimes
simple, usually dividing into a 5-rayed umbel 2-6 in. in diam. at the
top ; primary rays dividing into 3 secondary rays, which are 1-3-times
forked ; leaves alternate on the stem, whorled or opposite on and
at the base of the umbel, sessile or tapering into a petiole, 1-1} in.
long, 1-1 in. broad, cuneately obovate, rounded at the apex, denti-
culate ; involucre solitary in the forks of the rays and terminal,
subsessile, 1-11 lin. in diam. and 1 lin. deep, cup-shaped, yellowish-
green, with 4 glands and 5 oblong or subquadrate minutely toothed
lobes ; glands } lin. in their greater diam., transversely oblong,
entire, flat, yellowish-green ; ovary obtusely trigonous, conspicuously
3-grooved between the angles, glabrous, exserted on a curved
pedicel 11-12 lin. long; styles about } lin. long, free almost to the
e, not diverging, shortly 2-lobed at the apex; capsule 1? lin.
in diam. and 1} lin. long, 3-lobed as seen from above, smooth ;
seeds 1-1} lin. long, ellipsoid or subglobose, with a raised network
all over their surface, dark brown, with a small yellowish caruncle.
Bernhardi in Flora, 1845, 86, and in Krauss, Beitr. Fl. Cap- und
Natal. 150; Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 136.
Sourn Arrica: without locality, Thunberg! Harvey! 604!
Coast RgcIon : Cape Div.; Nordhoek Forest, Mi/n, 196! Simons Bay,
Wright, 449! Mowbray, near Cape Town, Wilms, 3629! Wynberg, Wallich!
Masson! near Cape Town, Tyson, 2275! Claremont, Schlechter, 736!
CentTrat ReGion: Graaff Reinet Div. ; around Graaff Reinet, Bolus, 456!
Thornton, 198! Colesberg Div. ; around Colesberg, Shaw !
A weed of cultivation introduced from Europe.
17. E. Peplus (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 456, and Ameen, Acad. iii. 117) ;
annual, 3-15 in. high, erect, branching near or at the base;
branches glabrous; leaves alternate on the stem and _ branches,
but opposite on the branches of the umbel, thinly herbaceous,
-{ in, long, 1_1 in. broad, all more or less petiolate, and ovate,
256 EUPHORBIACE.® (Brown). | Luphorbia
obovate or suborbicular, obtuse, tapering into the petiole or those on
the umbel (or bracts) sessile and broadly deltoid-ovate and somewhat
acute, all entire, glabrous; umbel usually 3-rayed, with or without
one or more ray-like branches below it, or the whole plant repeatedly
forking ; rays $—6 in. long, once or several times forked, glabrous ;
involucre solitary in the forks or axillary or terminal, excluding
the horns about 3 lin. in diam. and nearly as deep, cup-shaped,
glabrous, green, with 4 glands and 5 oblong very minutely toothed
lobes; glands about } lin. in their greater diam., transversely
oblong with a subulate horn at each end about } lin. long ; capsule
about 1 lin. in diam., trigonous, with 2 very narrow wings along
each angle, glabrous, exserted on a pedicel 14-1} lin. long; styles
minute ; seeds } lin. long, oblong, slightly 6-angled, with a series
of 3-4 deep pits on 4 of the faces and one deep pit on each of the
other two faces, grey, tipped with a yellowish caruncle. Boiss. in
DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 141; Bolus & Wolley-Dod in Trans. S. Afr. Phil.
Soc. xiv. 318.
Sovrn Arrica: without locality, Thunberg! Mund! Mrs. Barber, 291!
Coast Recion: Cape Div. ; waste ground near Cape Town, Tyson, 2274!
Simons Bay, Wright, 451! Devils Peak, Wilms, 3628! shore of Gordon Bay,
Diels, 1277! Newlands Avenue, Wolley-Dod, 2231! railway near Diep River,
Wolley-Dod, 1222! near Claremont, Schlechter, 788! Komgha Div. ; borders of
woods on Prospect Farm, near Komgha, Flanagan, 245!
CenrraL Recion: Graaff Reinet Div. ; about Graaff Reinet, Thornton, 199!
Bolus, 84!
KataHAri Reeton: Transvaal ; Pretoria, Miss Leendertz, 398 !
Eastern Recion : Transkei; Krielis Country, Bowker, 291! Natal ; Durban
Flat, Wood, 3925!
A weed of cultivation, introduced from Europe and now widely spread over
South Africa,
_ 18. E. pubescens (Vahl, Symb. ii. 55); a perennial herb, 1-2 ft.
high ; stem 2-3 lin. thick, simple or with ray-like branches below
the umbel, glabrous and when in full flower often naked below ;
leaves numerous, alternate, with a whorl under the umbel, sessile,
3-13 in. long, 3-5 lin. broad, somewhat oblanceolate, acute, sub-
cordate at the base, finely serrulate, pilose all over on both sides or
only on the marginal part above ; umbel 4—6-rayed, with or without
rays in the axils of the leaves below it, bright yellowish-green
(Wolley-Dod) ; rays when fully developed 4-12 in. long, 2—4-times
branched; bracts variable, some like the leaves, others much
smaller and ovate or rhomboid-ovate or elliptic-lanceolate, acute,
4—} in. long, 2-5 lin. broad, finely serrulate, varying from glabrous
on both sides to pilose like the leaves, even on the same specimen ;
involucre sessile, unisexual or bisexual, 1-1} lin. in diam., cup-
shaped, glabrous, with 4 glands and 5 oblong ciliate lobes ; glands
1-2 lin. in their greater diam., transverse, elliptic-oblong, entire,
yellow or yellowish-green ; capsule 1} lin. in diam., subglobose,
slightly 3-grooved, minutely tuberculate, glabrous, exserted about
} lin. beyond the involucre on a recurved or finally erect pedicel ;
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE (Brown). 257
styles 3 lin. long, very shortly united at the base, entire, usually
collected together (not spreading) and directed downwards ; seeds
1 lin. long, ellipsoid, smooth or minutely tuberculate. Jacq. Eclog.
i. 98, ¢. 66; Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 134. E. platyphyllos, var.
literata, Bolus & Wolley-Dod in Trans. S. Afr. Phil. Soc. xiv. 319.
Coast Recron: Cape Div.; in a marshy field near Maitland Bridge,
Wolley-Dod, 3202! by the railway near Salt River, Wolley-Dod, 3022 !
A native of the south of Europe, the Orient and North Africa, whence it has
been introduced. This was originally, from imperfect material, thought to be
£. platyphyllos, Linn., var. literata, Koch, but from a statement upon a label
subsequently received that it is a perennial, and from the stoutness of the stem
and from its habitat, it would appear to be rather Z. pubescens, Vahl, which only
seems to differ from /. platyphyllos by being a perennial and growing in humid
places. The seeds of £. platyphyllos are described as smooth, and those of
£. pubescens as minutely tuberculate, but I find specimens of F. pubescens with
seeds as smooth as those of ZL. platyphyllos and its varieties, and, in one instance,
smooth and tuberculate seeds in the same capsule. :
19. E.dumosa (E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 184, ex
Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 168) ; apparently a dwarf shrublet, | ft.
or more high, with a woody main stem about | lin. thick, repeatedly
dividing in an umbellate manner ; branches 3-4 in each umbel-like
group, slender, ? lin. or less thick, umbellately branching, leafy
above, naked and rough from prominent leaf-scars below, very
minutely puberulous on the younger parts, brown or ochreous-
brown ; leaves alternate, with 3-5 in a whorl at the base of each
umbel of branches or flowers, numerous, sessile, very spreading or
deflexed, 21-4 lin. long, 1-2} lin. broad, obovate-oblong or some-
what cuneately oblong, obtuse, apiculate, minutely serrulate at the
apical part, glabrous on both sides ; flowering-rays 1, 2 or 3 in an .
umbel, }—} in. long, slender, glabrous, each bearing a pair of bracts
>
and 1 involucre ; bracts 14-2 lin. long, 2-3 lin, broad, somewhat
half-circular, obtuse, apiculate, entire or minutely denticulate,
glabrous on both sides; involucre sessile, 1J-1} lin. in diam.,
outside very minutely cup-shaped, glabrous, with 4 glands and 5
subquadrate minutely ciliate lobes ; glands 3—$ lin. in their greater
diam., transversely oblong or crescentic-oblong, with 2 horns about
¢ lin. long; capsule about 14 lin. in diam. (immature), glabrous,
exserted on a recurved pedicel } lin. longer than the involucre ;
styles free to the base, erect or ascending, } lin. long, bifid at the
apex ; seeds not seen.
Eastern Recion: Pondoland; near the Umsikaba River, Drége, 4619! and
without precise locality, Bachmann, 754!
The peculiar umbellate manner in which the stem and branches repeatedly divide,
and the small spreading or deflexed leaves and horned glands readily distinguish
this species from its allies,
20. E. ovata (E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pf. Documente, 184, ex
Boiss. in DC, Prodr. xv. ii. 167); stems several and probably
annually produced from a perennial rootstock, 3-6 in. high, varying
from pilose with rather long spreading hairs to nearly or quite
FPL. C.—VOL, V.—SECT. II. 8
258 EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). | Euphorbia.
glabrous ; leaves alternate, lax or crowded and somewhat imbricate,
ascending or somewhat spreading, very shortly petiolate, 4-8 lin.
long, 2-5 lin. broad, ovate or lanceolate-ovate, obtuse, slightly
cordate or rounded at the base, flat, from pilose with rather long hairs
to glabrous on both sides; umbels 3-5-rayed, 1-2 in. in diam. ;
rays }-1} in. long, once-forked, glabrous; bracts 3-5 lin. long,
5-8 lin. broad, somewhat reniform-ovate, obtuse, not apiculate,
glabrous; involucres on peduncles }—} lin. long, cup-shaped,
glabrous, with 4 glands and 5 subquadrate notched lobes; glands
2-1 lin. in their greater diam., transverse, crescent-shaped, with a
short horn at each end; ovary exserted on a recurved pedicel,
glabrous ; styles free to the base, radiately spreading, } lin. long,
bifid to half-way down, with revolute tips; capsule and seeds not
seen. Tithymalus ovatus, Klotzsch & Garcke in Abhandl. Akad,
Berlin, 1860, 97.
Coast Reaton: Stockenstrom Div. ; Kat Berg (or according tou Drége’s original
label, on a mountain between the Kat and Klipplaat Rivers), 4000-5000 ft.,
Drége, 3561 !
This is closely allied to £. sclerophylla, Boiss., but is dwarfer, with more |
herbaceous and less rigid stems and leaves; the stems and leaves are usually
clothed with long conspicuous hairs, quite different from the minute pubescence
on £. selerophylla, var. puberula, and the leaves are broader and without the
pungent point characteristic of that species. No collector besides Drége seems to
have found it.
21. E. albanica (N. E. Br.) ; a perennial herb, with many erect
annual stems, 10-12 in, high, arising from a woody rootstock ;
stems rather slender }-1 lin. thick, very minutely puberulous,
with a 3-4-rayed umbel at its apex and several axillary rays
below, forming a subcorymbose panicle; leaves alternate, with a
whorl of 3—4 at the base of the umbel, numerous but not crowded,
very spreading or slightly deflexed, those at the upper part of the
stem 3-3 in. long and 34-4 lin. broad, the others gradually
decreasing in size downwards, all elongate-ovate, acute, slightly
cordate at the very shortly petiolate or subsessile base, glabrous on
both sides, with the midrib not very conspicuous and the veins
obsolete ; rays of the umbel 2-4 in. long and those below the
umbel as long or shorter, all once-forked, slender, glabrous ; bracts
3-5 lin. long, 4-7 lin. broad, sessile, broadly triangular-cordate,
abruptly very acute, glabrous ; involucres sessile, 1} lin. in diam.,
cup-shaped, glabrous, with 4 glands and 5 oblong or ovate obtuse
minutely ciliate lobes; glands ?—1 lin. in their greater diam.,
including the short horns at the ends of the somewhat crescent-
shaped body, probably yellow or yellowish-green ; ovary glabrous,
exserted on a recurved pedicel ? lin. beyond the involucre ; styles
united at the very base only, } lin. long, very spreading, deeply
bifid, with diverging recurved tips; fruit and seeds not seen.
Coast Rraton ; Albany Div. ; Brookhuisens Poort, near Grahamstown, MacOwan,
bj !
o
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE& (Brown), 259
22. E. ruscifolia (N. E. Br.) ; stems many from a perennial root-
stock, erect, simple, 5-9 in. high, thinly and minutely puberulous
or subglabrous, rather densely leafy throughout ; leaves alternate,
with a whorl of 3 at the base of the umbel, ascending or suberect,
more or less imbricating, very shortly petiolate, }-3 in. long,
5-43 lin. broad, varying on different stems of the same plant from
linear-lanceolate to ovate, acute and shortly aristate-mucronate at
the apex, distinctly cordate at the base in the broader and rounded
in the narrower leaves, slightly revolute at the margins, glabrous
on both sides ; umbel 3-1} in. in diam., 3-rayed ; rays $-1 in. long,
shortly once- or twice-branched, glabrous; bracts 3-5 lin. long,
33-7 lin. broad, broadly deltoid-cordate, acute, apiculate, glabrous ;
involucre shortly pedunculate, 14 lin. in diam., cup-shaped, glabrous,
with 4 glands and 5 subquadrate minutely toothed lobes; glands
about 3 lin. in their greater diam., somewhat crescent-shaped or
transversely oblong, with a short horn at each end ; ovary glabrous,
exserted }—3 lin. from the involucre on a recurved pedicel ; styles
free, radiately spreading, } lin. long, deeply bifid at the apex;
capsule and seeds not seen. . sclerophylla, var. ruscifolia, Boiss,
in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 169. E. aculeata, E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei
Pil. Documente, 184, ex Boiss. l.c., not of Forskal.
Eastern Recion: Transkei; between Kei River and Geua (Gekau) River,
Drége, 4621! Krielis Country, Bowker !
Nearly allied to £. sclerophylla, Boiss.; but rather different in appearance, and
the cordate-based leaves and larger cordate bracts readily distinguish it from that
species. The name £. aculeata is a mere catalogue designation, published without
a description, and is long antedated by £. aculeata, Forsk., besides being quite
inapplicable to this plant.
23. E. sclerophylla (Boiss. Cent. Euphorb. 37, and in DC,
Prodr, xv, ii. 169) ; stems usually many from a perennial rootstock,
erect, }-11 ft. high, }—1 lin. thick at the base, woody, simple or
branching, leafy throughout or naked with prominent leaf-scars
below, puberulous or glabrous ; leaves alternate, scattered or
crowded and somewhat imbricate, ascending, very shortly petiolate
or subsessile, coriaceous, subrigid, 4-8 lin. long, 1}-2} (rarely 3)
lin. long, lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate or ovate, acute, with a rather
pungent point, rounded at the base, glabrous on both sides ; umbel
terminal, 4—5-rayed, 3-2 in. in diam.; rays }—2 in. long, once or
twice forked or occasionally with a series of several pairs of barren
bracts, glabrous ; bracts 14-4 lin. long, 2-5 lin. broad, very broadly
ovate or transversely elliptic-ovate, acute, with a subpungent
apiculus, broadly rounded or cuneately rounded at the base,
coriaceous or subrigid, glabrous ; involucres sessile, 1}-1} lin. in
diam., cup-shaped, glabrous, with 4 glands and 5 subquadrate or
oblong slightly denticulate lobes ; glands }—} lin. in their greater
diam., somewhat crescent-shaped or narrowly transversely oblong,
with a short horn at each end; capsule about 1} lin. in diam.,
tricoecous, glabrous, exserted about } lin. beyond the involucre on a
. s 2
260 EUPHORBIACE (Brown). | Euphorbia.
~ curved pedicel ; styles free, } lin. long, bifid at the apex, spreading ;
seeds not seen, E. myrtifolia, E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pfl. Docu-
mente, 184, ex Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii, 169, and E. sclerophylla,
var. myrtifolia, Boiss. le. 169. Tithymalus multicaulis, Klotzsch &
Garcke in Abhandl, Akad. Berlin, 1860, 98.
Var. 8, puberula (N. E. Br.); leaves puberulous on both sides, otherwise as in
the type.
Coast Recton ; Albany Div. ; near Grahamstown, Burchell, 3545 ! Krebs, 296 !
MacOwan, 17! Williamson! Schlechter, 2616! Schinland, 40! Ecklon & Zeyher,
Euphorb, 11, Burtt-Davy, 11592! Cooper, 20! Misses Daly & Cherry, 1027! near
Assegai Bosch, Drége, 3563! Var. 8: Bathurst Div, ; at Riet Fontein, between
Kasuga River and Port Alfred, Burchell, 3961 !
24. BE. striata (Thunb. Prodr. 86, and Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 406) ;
stems several, annually produced from a perennial rootstock, erect,
8-22 in. high, herbaceous, simple or branching into a panicle at the
inflorescence, striate, glabrous; leaves alternate, usually laxly
scattered, sometimes few, more rarely closely placed, erect or
ascending, rarely spreading or deflexed, sessile or subsessile,
coriaceous, }—-2 in. long, $—3 lin. broad, linear, linear-lanceolate or
ovate-lanceolate, very acute and somewhat pungent at the apex,
slightly narrowed or rounded at the base, flat or with incurved
(never revolute) margins, those of the whorl at the base of the
umbel often broadly ovate or rhomboid-ovate, acute or long-pointed,
glabrous on both sides; umbel 3—5-rayed, 1-4 in. in diam., with or
without axillary rays below it or sometimes the umbel is wanting
and all the rays are axillary and alternate, forming a panicle ; rays
1~3} in. long, or when barren or proliferous often much longer,
glabrous ; bracts 2~4 lin, long, 3-7 lin. broad, half-cireular, rhom-
boid-reniform or rhomboid-ovate, obtuse or acute, apiculate, glabrous +
involuere subsessile or pedunculate, 14-24 lin. in diam., cup-shaped,
glabrous outside, with 4 glands and 5 oblong or oblong-ovate ciliate
lobes ; glands }—1} lin. in their greater diam., more or less crescent-
shaped or transversely oblong, with a point or short horn at each
end, rarely entire ; capsule 13-2} lin. in diam., tricoccous, glabrous,
exserted 4-1} lin. beyond the involucre on a curved pedicel ; styles
}+} lin. long, free to the base, radiately spreading, bifid at the
apex ; seeds 1} lin. long, oblong or ellipsoid-oblong, with a small
caruncle at one end and a depressed ring at the other, smooth,
slate-grey or blackish. E. pungens, E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Py.
Documente, 184, ex Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 170, not of Lam.
pp ara capensis, Klotzsch & Garcke in Abhandl. Akad. Berlin,
, 98.
Var. 8, cuspidata (Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. 170); leaves laxly scattered, 3-1}
in. long, 14-8 lin. broad, lanceolate, linear-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate,
pungently acute, rounded or narrowed at the base; umbels 3-14 in. in diam.,
sometimes head-like with exceedingly short rays, at others with rays 4-1} in.
long; glands of the involucre with their horns so recurved or revolute that they
appear to be merely concave or notched or subentire along their outer margi?
when viewed from above. £. cuspidata, Bernh. in Flora, 1845, 86, and in Krauss,
Beitr, Fl. Cap- und Natal, 150,
Huphorbia.| EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). 261
Var. y, brachyphylla (Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 170) ; leaves more numerous
and more closely placed than in the type or var. 8, 3-7 lin. long, 4-1} lin. broad,
linear-lanceolate, pungently acute, narrowed at the base ; umbels 1-4 in. in diam.,
with rays 3-2 in. long ; bracts 14~2# lin. long, 13-34 lin. broad, rhomboid-ovate,
pungently acute ; glands of the involucre crescent-shaped, very obtuse or with
very short points at the ends.
Sout Arrica : without locality, Thunbery ! Drége, 4623 !
Coast Reaion: Cape Div. ; at the foot of Lion Mountain, Schlechter, 79!
Bathurst Div. ; between Port Alfred and Kaftir Drift, Burchell, 3841! Uitenhage
Div. ; near Uitenhage, Burchell, 4255! Schlechter, 2525! Coega, Rogers, 2115!
Albany Div. ; various localities, Burchell, 3633! Burtt-Davy, 11562! MacOwan,
327! 328! Burke! Miss Daly, 607! 838! Miss Sole, 389! Queenstown Div. ;
various localities, Drége, 3562! Galpin, 1574! 2613! King Williamstown Div. ;
near Peelton, Cooper, 109! East London Div.; East London, Wood, 3353!
Cambridge, Miss Wormald, 77! Komgha Div. ; near Komgha, Flanagan, 236!
Eastern Frontier, MacOwan, 328! Hutton! Var y: Albany Div. ; near Grahams-
town, MacOwan, 19! Trapps Valley, Miss Daly, 669! Bedford Div. ; near
Bedford, Miss Nicol, 13! Rietfontein, between Kasuga River and Port Alfred,
Burchell, 3960! King Williamstown Div. ; Frankfort, Sim, 1450! British
Kaffraria, Cooper, 123!
CENTRAL REGION: Somerset Div. ; Somerset East, Bowler !
Katanart Recion: Orange River Colony ; Harrismith, Sankey, 233!
Bethlehem, Richardson! Basutoland ; Leribe, Dieterlen, 351! Transvaal ; various
localities, Burke! Zeyher, 1538! Ecklon & Zeyher, Euphorb. 10! Rehmann, 4551!
Wilms, 1333! 18330! Burtt-Davy, 1995! 5046! 5493! 9057! Miss Nation, 12!
Miss Leendertz, 362! 892! 977! 1702! 2305! Rademacher, 7300! Rogers, 396!
1202! Miss Haagner! Tennant, 6921! 6942!
Eastern Recion: Transkei; Krielis Country, Bowker, 245! Kentani district,
Miss Pegler, 1393! 1798! Tembuland ; Bazeia,. Baur, 239! Griqualand East ;
near Kokstad, Tyson, 1094! and in MacOwan & Bolus, Herb. Norm. Austr.-Afr.,
452! Natal ; various localities, Sanderson! Wood, 518! 4780! 7459! Miss Franks
im Herb, Wood, 12196! Wilms, 2256! Schlechter, 3164! 33731 Rogers, 1133!
Vart8 : Natal ; various localities, Krauss, 441! Sanderson! Gerrard, 7641 1169!
Wood, 195! 518! 6522! 8682! Rudatis, 441! Schlechter, 30481 3164! Var. y:
Transkei ; Krielis Country, Bowker !
The varieties cuspidata and brachyphylla are distinct from the type in appearance
and may possibly prove to be distinct species, but there seem to be some inter-
mediate forms, which require to be studied in the living state. The variety
brachyphylla has the appearance of being a hybrid between £. striata and EF.
sclerophylla and only occurs in the general region where both species grow.
25. E. erythrina (Link, Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. ii. 12); a
perennial shrublet, }—2 ft. high ; stems few or several, erect, simple
or branched, leafy throughout or becoming naked at the base,
glabrous ; leaves very numerous, rather crowded, alternate, ascend-
ing, subcoriaceous, often imbricate, 2-8 lin. long, }-1$ lin. broad,
usually linear-lanceolate or narrowly cuneate-oblanceolate, some-
times linear-oblong, obtuse or acute, with a straight apiculus at the
apex, tapering below into a very short petiole not revolute at the
margins, glabrous ; umbel terminal, 4-25 in. in diam., 3—5-rayed,
with a whorl of 3-5 oblong or ovate or broadly rhomboid leaves
2—5 lin. long and 1-5 lin. broad at its base; rays +-2 in. long,
usually once or twice forked, sometimes simple and occasionally the
secondary rays bear a succession of 3-4 pairs of barren (always ')
bracts along them, glabrous ; bracts 2-34 lin. long, 2}-6 lin. broad,
transversely rhomboid, very obtuse or rounded and apiculate at the
a cece il
262 EUPHORBIACE (Brown). | Euphorbia.
apex, glabrous, green or often purple at the margins, glabrous ;
involucre 14-1} lin. in. diam., glabrous, with 4-5 glands and 5 small
ovate or oblong entire or slightly toothed lobes ; glands 3-1 lin. in
their greater diam., transverse, more or less crescent-shaped, acute
or with a short horn at each end; capsule 1-2 lin. in diam. and
about as long, narrowing at the apex, glabrous, exserted on a
recurved pedicel about 1} lin. long; styles 4~3 lin. long, free or
united for one-third to one-half their length, erect or collected
together or perhaps spreading when young, subentire, minutely
notched or bifid at the apex ; seeds }~1 lin. in diam., subglobose or
ellipsoid, smooth, grey or dark brown. Spreng. Syst. Veg. iii. 798 ;
Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 169, incl. var. Burchellii, Boiss. E. striata,
Eckl. a: Zeyh. ex Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 169. Tithymalus
erythrinus, Klotzsch & Garcke in Abhandl. Akad. Berlin, 1860, 91.
Var. B, Meyeri (N. E. Br.); leaves laxly scattered, ascending or spreading,
4-14 in. long, 1-24 lin. broad; rays of the umbel 1-3} in. long, 1—-3-times forked :
bracts 24-5 lin. long, 4-8 lin. broad, otherwise as in the type. &. Meyeri, Bovss.
Cent. Euphorb. 35, and in DC. Prody. xv. ii. 146. EF, dilatata, EF. Meyer in Drege,
Zwei PA. Documente, 184, name only, not of Hochstetter nor of Torrey & Gray.
Tithymalus apiculatus, Klotzsch & Gareke in Abhandl, Akad, Berlin, 1860, 94.
SoutH AFRICA : without locality, Forster! Mund & Maire, 65! 248! Var. B,
Mund & Maire! ;
Coast RreGion: Cape Div.; various localities near Cape Town, Bergius!
Burchell, 458! 8530! Ecklon, 303! Wallich! Wright, 448! Harvey, 445 !
Wolley-Dod, 1293 ! 1793! 3044! 3161! Diels, 784! 1201! Schlechter, 987! 1315!
Diimmer, 10! 37! Caledon Div.; Genadendal, Roser! Swellendam Div. ; on
mountains, Pappe! Riversdale Div.; near Zoetemelks River, Burchell, 6715!
Garcias Pass, Galpin, 4564! Uniondale Div. ; between Avontuur and Klip River,
Drége' Albany Div. ; near Teafontein between Riebeek East and Grahamstown,
Burchell, 3496! Var. B: Malmesbury Div. ; Malmesbury, Schlechter, 5348!
Paarl Div.; Paarl Mountain, Drége, 2197! Cape Div. ; mountains near Cape
Town, Ecklon & Zeyher, Euphorb. 14!
26. E. foliosa (N. E. Br.) ; a dwarf shrublet, 6-8 in. high, woody
at the older parts, much-branched at the base ; branches rather
crowded, erect, simple, glabrous or very minutely puberulous,
densely leafy or the basal part naked and rough with prominent leaf-
scars ; leaves alternate, with whorls of 4-5 under the umbels,
crowded, ascending and more or less imbricate, subsessile, 1-35 lin.
long, j-2 lin. broad, somewhat obovate, oblong, elliptic or elliptic-
oblong, obtuse, with a recurved apiculus at the apex, minutely
scabrous (not ciliate) at the margin, rather thick in texture,
glabrous on both sides ; umbels terminal, 3-rayed, }—} in. in diam. ;
rays 2-7 lin. long, simple or once-forked ; bracts 15-2} lin. long,
21-3} lin. broad, somewhat rhomboidal-half-circular, very obtuse,
with a recurved apiculus, entire or obscurely scabrous at the margins ;
involucres sessile, 1}—2 lin. in diam., cup-shaped, glabrous outside,
puberulous within, with 4 glands and 5 erect oblong deeply bifid
lobes ; glands }—3 lin. in their greater diam., transverse, with the
inner margin broadly rounded, and the outer margin nearly straight
and minutely denticulate or concave and produced into a slight
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE (Brown). 263
tooth on each side of the notch ; capsule 13-2 lin. in diam., very
obtusely trigonous, glabrous, exserted on a curved pedicel 2 lin,
beyond the involucre ; styles free, 1-2 lin. long, moderately stout,
bifid at the apex, spreading or radiating; seeds about 1 lin. long,
ellipsoid or subglobose, with a depressed ring at the end opposite the
hilum, smooth; caruncle large. Tithymalus foliosus, Klotzsch &
Garcke in Abhandl. Akad. Berlin, 1860, 67.
Coast Region: Cape Div. ; Cape Flats, Ecklon & Zeyher, Ewphorb. 12! on
dunes not far from the shore, Zeyher!
Very near £. erythrina, but dwarfer and differs by its smaller densely crowded
leaves, which are broader in proportion to their length and more obovate, the
umbels are also smaller and more head-like,
27. K. artifolia (N. E. Br.) ; plant apparently about 8-10 in. (or
less) high, with probably several main stems arising from a
perennial rootstock, only one such stem has been seen, which
consists of a simple naked stem 3 in. long and 1} lin. thick,
marked with numerous leaf-scars, bearing at its apex an umbel
of 7 simple or divided erect branches 3-5 in. long and }—3 lin.
thick, densely leafy, glabrous, purplish ; leaves alternate, crowded,
Spreading, more or less imbricate, scarcely petiolate, rather thick
in substance, 14-2 lin. long, 3-14 lin. broad, elliptic or elliptic-
oblong, obtusely rounded at the apex, with a recurved apiculus,
entire, with thickened margins, glabrous, very minutely ciliate,
having a glaucous appearance when dried ; umbels 3-1 in. in diam.,
compact or dense, 3—5-rayed ; rays (including the flowers) 4-6 lin.
long, 3—5-flowered ; bracts at the base of the umbel like the leaves,
those under the involucres, suborbicular, 14-2 lin. long and broad,
with a recurved apiculus ; involucre 1-1} lin. in diam. ; cup-shaped,
with 4 glands, glabrous ; glands spreading, }—3 lin. in their greater
diam., transverse, crescent-shaped, with the short horns detlexed
and slightly incurved ; capsule about 2 lin. in diam., exserted on
a pedicel shortly exceeding the involucre and recurved, glabrous,
apparently glaucous ; styles free to the base, radiately spreading,
lin. long, bifid for about half their length, with diverging tips ;
seeds subglobose, nearly 1 lin. in diam., smooth, dark grey, with a
proportionately very large obtusely conical dull yellow aril about
5 lin. long at one end.
Coast Recion : Riversdale Div. ;
>
near Milkwoodfontein, 600 ft., Galpin, 4562!
28. E. genistoides (Berg. Deser. Pl. Cap. 146); a dwart shrublet,
4-1} ft. high, sometimes branching at the base into numerous
simple stems, sometimes with the stems branching in the upper
part or irregularly, woody at the lower part; branches rather
slender, puberulous to glabrous on the younger parts, leafy ; leaves
alternate, usually rather crowded, shortly petiolate or subsessile,
Spreading or ascending, 2-9 lin. long, }-1} lin. broad, linear, acute
or obtuse, mucronate, rounded at the base, with revolute margins,
glabrous ; umbels terminal, 4-1 in. in diam., usually 4-rayed, often
264 EUPHORBIACE (Brown). { Euphorbia.
with some rays:in the axils of the leaves below the umbel; rays
1-6 lin. long, glabrous or puberulous, simple with a pair of bracts
and 1 involucre, or once or twice forked, with 3-7 pairs of bracts
and 3-7 involucres; bracts 14~3 (rarely 4) lin. long, $-3 (rarely
up to 44) lin. broad, usually rhomboid-ovate, but varying from
ovate-lanceolate to transversely rhomboid, acute or acuminate or
obtuse and apiculate, glabrous or rarely puberulous; involucre
14-2 lin. in diam., obconic-cup-shaped, distinctly ribbed, glabrous
or puberulous, with 4 glands and 5 oblong or ovate minutely
toothed or ciliate lobes; glands 4-1 lin, in their greater diam.,
transverse, crescent-shaped or somewhat 2-lobed, with acute or
obtuse points, which are apparently sometimes reflexed or recurved ;
ovary obtusely trigonous, exserted on a recurved pedicel about
1 lin. long, glabrous or puberulous; styles } lin. long, united at
the base, with spreading bifid and often thickened tips. Linn.
Mant. Alt. 564; Lam. Encyel. ii. 430; Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 908;
Thunb. Prodr. 86, and Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 405; Spreng. Syst. Vey.
iii. 790 (eacl. syn. E. spartioides, Jacq.) ; Bernhardi in Flora, 1845,
86, and in Krauss, Beitr. Fl. Cap- und Natal. 150; Boiss. in DC.
Prodr. xv. ii. 167, inel. vars. major and leiocarpa. E. taxifolia and
E. linifolia, Burm. Prodr. Fl. Cap. 14. Galarheus genistoides, Haw.
Syn. Pl. Succ. 144. Tithymalus genistoides, Klotzsch & Garcke in
Abhandl. Akad. Berlin, 1860, 97. T. revolutus, Klotzsch & Garcke,
Le. 99.
Var. 8, puberula (N. E. Br.) ; leaves more or less puberulous, otherwise as in
the type.
Var. ¥, corifolia (N. E. Br.); leaves laxly scattered along the stems, small,
14-24 lin. long, 4-3 lin. broad, oblong-linear, mucronate-acute, with revolute
margins, varying on the type specimen from thinly and minutely puberulous to
glabrous ; otherwise as in the type. F. corifolia, Lam. Encycl. ii. 431; Pers.
Syn. ii. 16 5 Spreng, Syst. Veg. iii. 798 ; Boiss, in. DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 168.
Souru Arrica: without locality, Thunberg! Thom! Var. B, Thunberg! Mund!
Harvey, 4441 Var. y, Sonnerat in Herb. Lamarck! :
Coast Reaton: Clanwilliam Div. ; Zeekoe Vley, Schlechter, 8496 ! mountains
near the Olifants River, Schlechter, 5091! Malmesbury Div. ; between Mamre and
Dassen Berg, Drége! Zwartland, Ecklon & Zeyher, Euphorb. 2! near Malmesbury,
Bolus, 4858! Tulbagh Div. ; Mitchells Pass, Schlechter, 8937! Bolus! Paarl Div. 3
Drakensteen Mountains, Drege, 8193! Cape Div.; various places near Cape
Town, Burchell, 836! Prior! Ecklon & Zeyher! Pappe\ Bolus, 2942! Wolley-Dod,
1458! 2773! and with var. 8, 3385! Diimmer, 482! Diels, 1156! Wilms, 3626 !
Wright! and mixed with var. B, Schlechter, 1381! Stellenbosch Div. ; near
Lowrys Pass, Schlechter, 1118! Stellenbosch, Marloth, 4893! Swellendam Div. ;
Zuurbraak, Galpin, 4563! Var. 6 : Malmesbury Div. ; Hopefield, Bachmann, 85!
Tulbagh Div.; New Kloof, Drége! Cape Div.; Lion Mountain, Drege, 8192!
Schlechter, 1381! Wolley-Dod, 3104! near Cape Town, Prior! Simons Bay,
Wright, 447! Var. y: Malmesbury Div. ; near Hopefield, Bachmann, 1044!
(Bachmann, 1985, from near Hopefield seems to be a glabrous form of this
variety.
oem Rearon : Ceres Div. ; between Ceres and Leeuwfontein, Pearson, 3248 !
Western Recion: Van Rhynsdorp Div. ; Gift Berg, Phillips, 7388! 7389!
29. E. muraltioides (N. E. Br.) ; stems several from a perennial
woody rootstock, 10-15 in. high, 3-1} lin. thick, subumbellately
branching at the upper part, naked and simple or sometimes with
zB uphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE (Brown). 265
a few branches on the lower part; branches more slender, rather
densely leafy throughout, very minutely puberulous ; leaves alter-
nate, very spreading or slightly deflexed, subpetiolate, somewhat
rigid, 3-6 lin. long, 3-1} lin. broad, lanceolate, acute, somewhat
pungently mucronate, veinless, except for the midrib, glabrous on
both sides; umbel 3-5-rayed; rays 1—3 in. long, simple or once-
branched, sometimes naked below the flowering-bracts, with the
whorl of bracts at the base like the flowering-bracts, sometimes
bearing several alternate leaves like those on the stem or with two
pairs of opposite barren flowering bracts besides those under the
flowers and the whorl of bracts at the base of the umbel lanceolate
and nearly like the stem-leaves ; flowering-bracts 13-24 lin. long,
23-3 lin. broad, very broadly deltoid-ovate, acute, or subreniform-
ovate and very abruptly and shortly acute, glabrous on both sides ;
involucre about 14 lin. in diam., cup-shaped, glabrous, with 4
glands and 5 oblong minutely toothed lobes; glands }—2 lin. in
‘their greater diam., transverse, somewhat crescent-shaped with a
horn at each end; capsule 13-1} lin. in diam., glabrous, very
obtusely three-lobed, glabrous, exserted ? lin. beyond the involucre
on a curved pedicel ; styles free, widely spreading from their base,
+ lin. long, bifid at the apex ; seeds 1 lin. long, ellipsoid, smooth,
dark brown.
Coast Recion: Albany Div.; Brookhuisens Valley, near Grahamstown,
MacOwan, 329! 642! near Grahamstown, Glass, 665 !
30. E. ericoides (Lam. Encycl. ii.430) ; plant 6-18 in. high, probably
branching at the base; stems or branches erect, somewhat woody,
£-I} lin. thick, often branching in a whorled or subumbellate
manner, leafy throughout or naked at the base, glabrous; leaves
crowded, alternate, reflexed, with their tips upcurved, sessile, 14-6
lin. long, 3-3} lin. broad, linear, with revolute margins, truncate and
mucronate or minutely 3-toothed at the apex, glabrous; umbel
terminal, sometimes head-like and }~3 in. in diam., with exceedingly
short rays, at others 1-2 in. in diam., with rays $—1} in. long ;
Tays once or twice forked, glabrous ; bracts 2-3 lin. long, 25-5 lin.
broad, transversely rhomboid, obtuse and slightly notched at the
apex, with a minute apiculus in the notch, glabrous; involucre
14-14 lin. in diam., cup-shaped, glabrous, with 4 glands and 5
oblong lobes truncate and minutely toothed at the apex; glands
3] lin. in their greater diam., transverse, more or less crescent-
shaped, with a short horn at each end and the horns sometimes
Straight, sometimes incurved; capsule about 2 lin. in diam.,
Slabrous, exserted on a recurved or finally erect pedicel 13-25
lin. long ; styles 1~2 lin. long, free, subentire or minutely notched
at the apex ; seeds about 1 lin. long, elliptic-oblong, black or dark
grey, with a small yellow caruncle. Spreng. Syst. Veg. iii. 797 ;
Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 168, and Ie. Euphorb. 23, t. 111. _Tithy-
ried confertus, Klotzsch & Garcke in Abhandl. Akad. Berlin,
, 94,
7.) a EUPHORBIACEAE (Brown). , | Huphorbia.
SourH Arrica: without locality, Sonnerat! Mund & Maire, 27 !
Coast Recion: Swellendam Div.; between Swellendam and the Buffeljagts
River, Pappe! George Div. ; near George, Prior ! Knysna Div. ; Plettenbergs Bay
or Outeniqua Mountains, Drege! Uitenhage Div. ; Van Stadens River, Burchell,
4651! Van Stadens Berg, Heklon & Zeyher, Euphorb. 5! Port Elizabeth Div. ;
Port Elizabeth, Drége, 81! Baakens River Valley, Mrs. Paterson, 843! Bathurst
Div. ; near Kaffir Drift, Burchell, 3772! Eastern Frontier, Hutton !
31, E, natalensis (Bernhardi in Flora, 1845, 86, and in Krauss,
Beitr. Fl. Cap- und Natal. 150); perennial; stems several from a
woody rootstock, 4-14 or rarely up to 2} ft. high, simple or with
a pair or whorl of 3-4 branches near the top, woody below, densely
leafy above, naked at the base, glabrous or puberulous; leaves
sessile, deflexed and more or less imbricating downwards, straight
or with the tips upeurved, 3-10 lin. long, }-3 lin. broad, linear,
with or without a dilated cordate base, or elongated ovate, cordate
at the base, acute or subobtuse, mucronate, revolute at the
margins, the whorl under the umbel often larger, flatter and more
oblong, glabrous on both sides or rarely minutely puberulous
beneath; umbel terminal, head-like with very short rays and
4-1 in. in diam. or up to 2 in. in diam. with once or twice-forked
glabrous or puberulous rays up to 14 in. long; bracts 2-4) lin.
long, 13-5} lin. broad, varying from broadly ovate to ovate-
subrhomboid, usually broader than long, obtuse or slightly notched
at the apex, apiculate, glabrous; involucre 14-2) lin. in diam.,
cup-shaped, glabrous, with 4 glands and 5 oblong acutely bifid,
toothed or subentire lobes ; glands 4-14 lin. in their greater diam,
varying from crescent-shaped and two-horned with the two horns
often incurved towards each other, to transversely oblong and
denticulate on the outer margin; capsule 13-2} lin. in diam.,
slightly narrowing upwards, glabrous, exserted on a recurved
pedicel 1}-3 lin. long ; styles 3-3 lin. long, usually upcurved from
the decurved ovary, united at the base or for one-third of their
length, bifid at the apex, with spreading tips; seeds 1-1} lin. long,
ellipsoid, smooth, black, with a small yellowish-white caruncle.
Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 170; Wood, Natal Pl. iv. t. 302.
Katanari Recion: Transvaal ; Ermelo, Burtt-Davy, 5402
Eastern Recion: Tembuland; Bazeia mountains, Baur, 511! Pondoland,
Bachmann, 751! 753! Griqualand East; near Kokstad, Tyson, 1541! Haygarth
in Herb. Wood, 4195! Natal ; various localities, Sutherland |! Gerrard, 524! 1172!
Sanderson, 65! 212! Krauss, 434! Wood, 6! 288! 382! 1407! 1429! 8666!
9599 ! and in Herb. Norm. Austr.-Afr., 1027! Schlechter, 3086! 5770! Kuntze!
Miss Doidge! Kolbe!
This is very similar to £. ericoides, Lam., but may be easily distinguished from
that species by its acute leaves, larger involucre and more united bifid styles. _ ft
is variable in appearance, and some specimens resemble £. epicyparissts,
E. Meyer, from which it is distinguished by its numerous shorter and usually
simple or once or twice umbellately branched stems, £. epicyparissias is 2-5 ft.
high and much branched.
32, E. epicyparissias (E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente,
184, ex Boiss, in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 168); a shrub, 2-5 ft. high;
q
Euphorbia. | EKUPHORBIACE (Brown). 267
stem simple at the base, branching above ; branches often clustered
in groups, densely leafy throughout or naked and rough with
prominent leaf-scars below, with dark reddish bark, minutely
puberulous or glabrous on the young parts; leaves alternate,
rather crowded, sessile, spreading, deflexed or upcurved, 1-1 (very
rarely 1{) in. long, 1-14 (very rarely 2-3) lin. broad, linear or
oblong-linear, obtuse or acute, mucronate, entire or rarely with
the margins at the apex minutely denticulate, flat or with revolute
margins, glabrous on both sides, those of the whorl at the base of
the umbel often larger, oblong to ovate and up to 44 lin. broad ;
umbels, terminal 3-3 in. in diam., 3-8-rayed, and often with rays
arising from the axils of the leaves below the umbel; rays 2-3}
in. long, 1—4-times forked, glabrous, when short the umbel is
usually congested and head-like ; bracts 14-6 lin. long, 2-8 lin.
broad, broadly rhomboid-ovate or somewhat half-circular, very
obtuse, apiculate, glabrous; involucres 14-2) lin. in diam., cup-
shaped, glabrous outside, with 4-5 glands and 5 oblong subentire
emarginate or shortly bifid ciliate lobes ; glands 3-1} lin. in their
Sreater diam., transverse, usually more or less crescent-shaped,
with 2 straight or incurved horns 4-4 lin. long, but sometimes
with the horns very reduced or obsolete; capsule 13-2 lin. in
diam., tricoccous, glabrous, exserted on a pedicel 3—2 lin. beyond
the involucre ; styles free or very shortly united at the base, }-1{
lin. long, bitid at the apex, usually upcurved from the decurved
ovary and immature fruit; seeds rather more than 1 lin. long,
oblong, with a large depression at the caruncular end and a small
ring-like marking at the opposite end, smooth, blackish-grey when
quite ripe. Bernhardi in Flora, 1845, 87, and in Krauss, Beitr. Fi.
Cap- und Natal. 150. E. involucrata, E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pf.
Documente, 184, ex Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xvii. 168 incl. var.
megastegia. E. Bachmanni, Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xxiii. 535.
Tithymalus involucratus, Klotzsch & Garcke in Abhandl. Akad.
Berlin, 1860, 91,
Var. 8, puberula(N. E. Br.) ; leaves minutely toothed or entire at the margins
about the apex ; involucre (at least on the upper part) more or less puberulous ;
ovary puberulous or pubescent. :
Var. ¥, Wahlbergii (N. E. Br.) ; branches more slender than in the type or
var. 8, 3-3 lin. thick, rather laxly leafy ; leaves entire or minutely denticulate ;
umbels small and lax, 3-1 in. in diam., 3-5-rayed, often proliferous ; bracts 2-24
lin. long, 14-8 lin. broad, broadly ovate or transverse and subrhomboid, acute or
very obtuse, apiculate ; involucres 1}-14 lin. in diam.; glands 3 lin. in their
greater diam. ; capsule 1} lin. in diam., glabrous ; styles 3-7 lin. long ; otherwise
asin the type. £. Waklbergii, Boiss. in DC. Prodr, xv. ti. 169, and Te. Euphorb.
23, #112." E, epicyparissias as to letter c, E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pf. Documente,
on oe epicyparissias, Klotzsch & Garcke in Abhandl. Akad. Berlin,
Sour Arrica : without locality, Thunberg! Krebs! Zeyher, 1540!
Coast REGIon : Oudtshoorn Die: near Oudtiaheora, Miss Taylor! George Div. ;
ucar George, Burchell, 5993! Drege, 8194 ! Schlechter, 5856! Knysna Div. ; near
River, Burchell, 5590! Uniondale Div. ; Lange Kloof, Thunbery |
between Haarlem and Avontuur, Burchell, 5036! Uniondale, Krauss, 1727!
ia Div. ; between Hoffmans Kloof and Driefontein, Drége! Albany Div. ;
268 EUPHORBIACE (Brown). [ Luphorbia.
Slay Kraal, Burke! near Grahamstown, Zeyher, 1016! MacOwan, 84! Atherstone,
70! Bolton! Rogers, 55! 230! Coldstream, Misses Daly & Sole, 258! 258a!
Stockenstrom Div.; by the Kat River near Philipton, Zeklon & Zeyher, Euphorb.
8! between Kat River and Klipplaat River, Drége, 3560! Kat Berg, Drege!
Hutton! near Stockenstrom, Scott-Elliot, 265 ! Queenstown Div. ; various localities,
Baur, 34! Cooper, 242! Galpin, 2186! 2683! Komgha Div.; near Keimouth,
Flanagan, 380! Var. B: George Div.; near George, Prior (Alexander) ! :
Centrat Recion : Somerset Div. ; Bosch Berg, MacOwan, 1763! Graaff Reinet
Div, ; descent of the Voor Sneeuwberg, Burchell, 2846! Murraysberg Div. ; near
Murraysburg, Z'yson, 238! Richmond Div. ; between Richmond and Brak Valley
River, Drége, 857! Molteno Div. ; Broughton, near Molteno, Flanagan, 1636 !
Katauart Recon: Orange River Colony; Vet River, Burke! Basutoland;
Leribe, Dieterlen, 675a! Transvaal; various localities, Wilms, 1384! 1835!
Mudd! Miss Leendertz, 1067 ! 3
Eastern Recron: Transkei ; Krielis Country, Bowker! Kaffrarian Mountains,
Mrs. Barber ! Pondoland, Bachmann, 755 ! Drége, 4620a! Natal ; various localities,
Wood, 907! Wilms, 2255! Rudatis, 678! 813! Var. B: Transkei; Kentant
district, by streams, Miss Pegler, 460! Var. y: Pondoland ; between Umtata
River and St. Johns River, Drége! Natal; various localities, Cooper, 3152!
M Ken, 650! Rehmann, 7992! Wood, 148 ; 5284! Schlechter, 6720!
I am quite unable to find any distinction between E. epicyparissias and
FE. involucrata as maintained by Boissier, either in structure or appearance, which
latter is remarkably uniform, except in var. y, which seems only to differ in its
weaker and more lax habit. The form named EF. Bachmanni by Pax is not distinct
from FE. involucrata, var. megastegia, Boiss., and merely consists of very luxuriant
specimens of the plant, with larger bracts than usual.
33. E. kraussiana (Bernhardi in Flora, 1845, 87); somewhat
shrubby, 14-3 ft. high ; stems 1-12 lin. thick, somewhat woody and
naked below, umbellately branching above, 1-14 lin. thick ;
branchlets 3-4 in a whorl, simple or branching like the stem,
ascending, leafy throughout or naked below, glabrous ; leaves
alternate, with a whorl of 4—5 at the base of the umbel, lax or
crowded, spreading, 11-4 in. long, }—3 in. broad, linear, linear-
lanceolate, cuneate-oblanceolate or elongated obovate, obtuse oF
acute, apiculate, cuneately tapering into a short petiole, glabrous on
both sides ; umbels terminating some or all of the branchlets, 3-5-
rayed ; rays 3-4 in. long, once to 3-times forked, glabrous ; bracts
}—} in. long and as much in breadth, deltoid-ovate, acute or obtuse,
apiculate, subtruncate at the base, glabrous ; involucre pedicellate,
1-1} lin. in diam., cup-shaped, glabrous, with 5 glands and 5 erect
oblong slightly notched or entire lobes ; glands contiguous, }—} lin.
in their greater diam., transversely oblong, entire, in dried specimens
usually with the inner margin slightly inflexed, but not or scarcely
so when alive, not sublunate as originally described ; ovary globose-
trigonous, glabrous, exserted on a recurved pedicel 2-2} lin. long ;
styles 1-1} lin. long, united into a column }—} lin. long below,
with spreading deeply bifid tips ; capsule about 2 lin. in. diam. ;
seeds 1} lin. long, ellipsoid, smooth, very dark brown or blackish
(not seen ripe), with a small yellowish caruncle. Tithymalus trun-
catus, Klotzsch & Garcke in Abhandl. Akad. Berlin, 1860, 75.
Var. erubescens (N. E. Br.) ; stem 1-2 ft. high, 14-2 liv. thick, herbaceous,
not woody below ; bracts 1-2 in. long and broad ; otherwise as in the type-
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACEE (Brown). 269
HE. erubescens, E, Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pf. Documente, 184, ex Boiss. in DC. Prodr.
xv. ii. 116. Tithymalus Meyeri, Klotzsch & Garcke in Abhandl. Akad. Berlin,
1860, 75.
Sourn AFrrica : without locality, Thunberg! Krebs, 292! Var. B: Krebs, 293!
Coast Recton : George Div.; woods near George, Burchell, 5845! Alexander
(Prior)! Knysna Div. ; near Knysna Ford, Burchell, 5533! Little Umtini River
and Karatra, Schlechter, 5891! Uitenhage Div. ; various localities, Mrs, Paterson,
936! Marloth, 4888! Ecklon & Zeyher, Euphorb, 13! Zeyher, 3858! Port Eliza-
beth Div. ; near Port Elizabeth, Drége, 19! Bathurst Div. ; woods near Port
Alfred, Schlechter, 2762! Trapps Valley, Miss Daly, 608! Albany Div. ; near
Grahamstown, Atherstone, 5! Williamson! near Sidbury, Miss Daly, 782!
Bedford Div. ; near Bedford, Miss Nicol, 48! Stockenstrom Div. ; summit of
Kat Berg, Shaw! Stutterheim Div. ; forest at Fort Cunninghame, Galpin, 2476 !
King Williamstown Div. ; Perie forest, Galpin, 3281! Schinland, 865! Kuntze!
East London Div.; near East London, Rattray, 668! British Kaffraria, Cooper,
176! Var. 8: Uitenhage Div.; Zuurberg Range, Drége, 2347! Bathurst Div. ;
near Port Alfred, Schénland, 787! 807! Potts, 207! Albany Div. ; Blue Krantz,
Burchell, 3639! near Grahamstown, Drége! MacOwan, 291!
CenrraL ReGion: Var. 8: Somerset Div. ; banks of the Great Fish River,
Burchell, 3254! near Somerset, Bowker !
Katanart Region: Var. 8: Transvaal; Houtbosch, Rehmann, 5913! Rimers
Creek, near Barberton, Thorncroft, 768 !
Eastern Reaion: Tembuland; Bazeia, Baur, 28! Natal; margins of woods
near Pietermaritzburg, Arauss, 256! near Richmond, Sanderson, 844! Fairfield,
Rudatis, 208! Var. 8: Natal; between the Umzimkulu and Umkomanzi Rivers,
Drége, 4617! Tugela, Gerrard, 1173! near Byrne, Wood, 346! near Enon and
near Richmond, Wood, 1851! Verulam, Wood, 767! Weenen County, Sutherland !
and without precise locality, Gerrard, 1627! Sanderson! Cooper, 1161!
Partly described from fresh material preserved in fluid (Drége, 19). I am
doubtful if E. erubescens should be even distinguished as a variety, the specimens
constituting it may be only young growths, which later assume the typical form,
as they seem to grade into one another. This, however, can only be decided by
those who can examine living plants.
34, E. transvaalensis (Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1896, 394); a
shrub, 2-5 ft. high, usually with forked branches ; young branches
herbaceous, becoming woody with age, terete, glabrous, hollow,
terminating in a 3-4-rayed umbel, the peduncle of which at first
appears to be a continuation of the branch, but the latter gradually
thickens and persists, becoming 2-44 in. long, and 14-2} lin. thick,
whilst the peduncle of the umbel scarcely thickens and falls off at
the end of the season ; leaves 2-3 and alternate on the basal part of
each new braneh, with a whorl-like cluster apparently at its middle,
really at its apex or base of the peduncle and another whorl of 3-4
under the umbel ; petiole }-1} in. long, glabrous ; blade 14-4} in.
long, 2~2 in. broad, oblong-lanceolate, elliptic or elliptic-ovate, obtuse,
rounded or subacute at the apex, cuneately narrowed into the
petiole, glabrous on both sides or thinly pubescent beneath ; stipules
none ; umbel solitary, terminal, with a peduncle 2-8 in. long and
simple or once or twice forked rays, sometimes accompanied by
a@ similar ray at its base, glabrous, deciduous ; bracts }—1} in. long,
ovate, rhomboid-ovate, subreniform or orbicular, obtuse, acute or
slightly notched at the apex, apiculate, abruptly rounded or cuneately
contracted into a short petiole, glabrous on both sides or thinly
270 EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). | Euphorbia.
pubescent beneath; involucre 2-2? lin. in diam., cup-shaped,
glabrous outside, with 5 pubescent stripes opposite the glands
within, with 4-5 glands and 5 transversely oblong or subquadrate
ciliate lobes ; glands 3-11 lin. in their greater diam., transversely
oblong, obtusely or acutely 2—3-toothed or lobed or subentire, rugulose
or pitted-rugulose on the upper surface; capsule about } in. in
diam., glabrous, exserted on an erect pedicel 24—5 lin. long ; styles
7-1 lin. long, united at the basal part, then ascending-spreading,
entire or minutely bifid ; seeds 2} lin. long, ellipsoid or ellipsoid-
oblong, stoutly apiculate at one end, with scattered flat-topped
tubercles or irregular raised markings of a different tint from the
ground colour. N. E. Br. in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 530.
E. Galpini, Pax, and E. ciliolata, Pax in Bull, Herb. Boiss. vi. 742,
743; and E. ciliolata in Baum, Kunene-Samb. Exped. 284. E.
Getzei, Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 420.
Katanarr Recton: Transvaal; Kaap River Valley, near Barberton, 2000 ft.,
Galpin, 1198! Thorneroft, 594! Potgieters Rust, Miss Leendertz, 1432! near
Lydenburg, Wilms, 1336!
Also in Tropical Africa, Galpin 1198 is the type of HE. transvaalensis,
Schlechter, published in 1896, and of FE. Galpini, Pax, published in 1898.
35. E. frutescens (N. E. Br.) ; a much-branched woody bush,
5 ft. high, apparently quite leatless and spineless, unisexual ; branches
alternate, ascending or ascending-spreading, the ultimate 3-10 in.
long, 1-14 lin. thick, rigid, woody, glabrous, dark brown, with
numerous alternate flowering tubercles scattered along them ;
leaves none or reduced to the merest rudiments, not seen ; bracts at
the base of the involucres }—} lin. long, broadly obovate, minutely
ciliate ; involucres clustered on the flowering tubercles, sessile, 2 lin.
in diam, and | lin. deep, obconic-cup-shaped, minutely puberulous
all over on the outside including the backs of the glands and
puberulous within, with 5 glands and 5 subquadrate or transversely
oblong ciliate lobes, apparently white; glands subcontiguous,
spreading, 3-1 lin. in their greater diam., transversely oblong or
elliptic-oblong, entire, smooth and glabrous on the upper side ;
female plant not seen.
WesteRN Recion : Little Namaqualand (Little Bushmanland) ; lower mountain
slopes at Aus, 3000 ft., Pearson, 4714!
This, by its perfectly leafless nodose-tuberculate woody branches, is one of the
most distinct of the South African species of Huphorbia and resembles no other
from that region.
36. E. guerichiana (Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 143); a shrub
about 6-7 ft. high, apparently woody, with slender straight erect or -
ascending branches, the younger 3-14 lin. thick, with slightly
prominent scars at the nodes, usually nearly or quite leafless at the
time of flowering; leaves alternate, very small, shortly petiolate,
soon deciduous, 13-3 lin. long, 2-11 lin. broad, oblong, obovate or
lanceolate, obtuse or acute, rather thick in texture, minutely
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACEA (Brown). 271
puberulous on both sides; flowering branchlets developed in the
axils of the fallen leaves, 1-2} lin. long, minutely puberulous,
bearing a few small leaves and bracts and a terminal involucre ;
bracts obovate, sessile, thinner than the leaves ; involucre 2 lin. in
diam., cup-shaped, glabrous, hermaphrodite or male with a rudi-
mentary ovary, with 5 glands and 5 subquadrate slightly notched
denticulate or subciliate lobes; glands 3-1 lin. in their greater
diam., transversely elliptic-oblong, entire ; perfect ovary partly (or
shortly ?) exserted, erect, glabrous, with a very small 3-lobed calyx
at its base ; lobes very short, emarginate ; styles nearly 1 lin. long,
united at the base for a quarter cf their length, then recurved-
spreading with slightly thickened entire tips ; rudimentary ovary
with minute erect styles scarcely } lin. long; capsule } in. in diam.,
very obtusely 3-angled, smooth, exserted on a curved pedicel 14-1}
lin. long ; seeds 13 lin. long, compressed-ellipsoid, smooth, glabrous.
WesTeRN Reaction: Great Namaqualand; rocky places south of Korekas,
Giirich, 73! Little Namaqualand ; hills at Pus, Schlechter, 114831!
37. E. lignosa (Marloth in Trans. Roy. Soc. 8. Afr. i. 316 and
317, fig. 2); a dwarf densely much-branched bush, forming a
hemispheric cushion up to 3 ft. in diam., and 3-1 ft. high; main
stem very stout, somewhat globose at the crown from which the
branches arise, descending as a thick carrot-shaped root; main
branches very numerous, repeatedly divided into short alternate
spine-like or sharp-pointed branchlets, soft and succulent when
young, becoming rigid, glabrous; leaves alternate, only present on
very young branches, 14—5 lin. long, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate
or sometimes obovate, acute, tapering near the base into a short
petiole, longitudinally folded, recurved, very minutely puberulous ;
flowering branches with 1 terminal sessile involucre or with 1 sessile
and 1 or 2 lateral involucres on peduncle-like branches }—} in. long,
forming a 2-3-flowered cyme, very minutely puberulous ; bracts
about 2-21 lin. long and 13-2 lin. broad, orbicular-obovate and
apiculate, or broadly cuneate, subtruncate and minutely toothed,
very minutely puberulous on both sides; involucre 33-5 lin. in
diam., shallowly cup-shaped, very minutely puberulous, with 5 glands
and 5 transverse rectangular lobes fringed with numerous subulate
teeth along the truncate top; glands obliquely cup-like or funnel-
shaped, with 4-9 entire or bifid channelled finger-like processes
4-4 lin. long along the outer margin, glabrous in the cavity, very
minutely puberulous outside ; capsule sessile, erect, with its base
embraced by the remains of the involucre, 24 lin. in diam., globose,
very minutely puberulous; styles 1-1} lin. long, united nearly
to the top, with 3 spreading bifid arms }—} lin. long; seeds 14
lin. long, ovoid, acute at one end, somewhat 3-angled, smooth,
glabrous,
Western Recion: Great Namaqualand ; ‘stony ground near Tschaukaib,
2900 ft., Marloth, 4637! Kleinfontein, Marloth, 5070! Akam River, Pearson,
4159! plains and mountain sides at Schakalskuppe, 4900-5600 ft., Pearson, 4160!
272 EUPHORBIACE (Brown). | Zuphorbia.
Great Karas Berg region at Aus, Pearson, 8030! and on hill slopes south of
Krai Kluft, Pearson, 8110! Range, 819!
38. E. spinea (N. E. Br.) ; leafless bush, }—? ft. high, with rigid
spine-tipped branches 1—2 lin. thick, opposite and diverging from
each other at an angle of 100°-165°, the primary and secondary being
3-6 in. long and the ultimate }-2 in. long, all ending in an acute
spine, glabrous, probably glaucous, with a somewhat succulent bark,
which at the tips or on old branchlets dries and separates into
rings by the formation of transverse cracks all round the branch ;
leaves very rudimentary, deciduous, opposite, 4 lin. long, sessile or
nearly so, ovate or deltoid-ovate, acute, glabrous, blackish-purple ;
cymes lateral on the ultimate branchlets, small and dense, sessile or
subsessile, 2-3 lin. long and 24-4 lin. in diam., 3- to several-
flowered ; bracts scale-like, } lin. long and about one-third as long as
the involucre, linear-oblong, obtuse, glabrous, purple; involucre
1 lin. in diam. and as much in depth, but appearing longer than
broad, somewhat urceolate, being slightly constricted under the
glands, glabrous outside, pubescent within, purple, with 5 glands
and 5 minute oblong ciliate lobes; glands not quite contiguous,
ascending-spreading, }—} lin. in their greater diam., transversely
oblong or elliptic-oblong, two-lipped, from the inner margin being
turned up, concave in front of it, entire ; ovary and capsule not
seen.
Centra Recion: Calvinia Div. ; plentiful on sandy plains about 12 miles
north-east of Klipplaat, 1700 ft., Pearson, 3296!
Western Recion : Great Namaqualand ; common among rocks near Dabaigabis,
Pearson, 4380! on a saline flat north of Ganus, 3300 ft., Pearson, 4585 !
Both Namaqualand specimens are stated to be only 6-9 inches high, whilst the
Calvinia specimen is stated on the label to be 2-3 ft. high. The latter, however,
is so exactly like the Namaqualand specimens that I suspect a mistake has been
made in the labelling of it, and that the label probably belongs to the allied
E. decussata, E.. Meyer, which does grow in Calvinia and is 2-3 ft. high ; a specimen
of it was also received at Kew from Prof, Pearson without a label. —
39. E. decussata (E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente,
184, ex Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 74, excl. syn.) ; a divaricately
much-branched leafless bush, 2-3 ft. high, diccious; main stems
3-4 lin. thick ; branches opposite, diverging from each other at an
angle of 90°-150°, rigid, 1-2} lin. thick, articulated at the base,
straight or slightly curved, apparently more or less succulent when
young, or with a succulent bark, tapering to a more or less acute
but scarcely spine-like apex, glabrous ; leaves rudimentary, opposite,
scale-like, sessile, persisting for a short period, }—2 lin. long, broadly
deltoid-ovate, acute, finally recurved, concave, rigid, glabrous, at first
green, becoming dark brown or blackish; cy es very short, com-
pact, }-} in. in diam., opposite, one to four pairs to a branch or
rarely solitary ; bracts like the leaves ; involucres sessile, 1-1} lin.
in diam., cup-shaped, glabrous outside, with 5 glands and 5 oblong
subentire or toothed and minutely ciliate lobes; glands }—3 lin..m
;,
E
‘
:
4
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). 273
their greater diam., transversely elliptic-oblong, entire ; capsule
1} lin. in diam., obtusely 3-lobed, with a small disc-like calyx at its
base, glabrous, minutely white-dotted, very shortly exserted from
the involucre on a recurved pedicel, erect when immature ; styles
shortly united at the base, }-} lin. long, spreading, with bifid
revolute tips ; seeds nearly | lin. long, conical, acute, truncate at
the base, slightly 4-angled, tuberculate-rugose, grey. E. Tirucalli,
Thunb. Prodr. 86, and Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 405, partly, as to sheet 2,
left-hand specimen in Thunberg’s Herbarium.
SoutH Arrica : without locality, Thunberg !
CenTrat Recion: Calvinia Div. ; between Lospers Plaats and Sprinkbok Kuil
River, Zeyher, 1533! mountain pass south of Klipplaat, Pearson, 3853! ravine at
Loeriesfontein, Pearson, 4858! Ceres Div. ; between Gansfontein and Pappekuil,
Pearson, 3685! :
WesteRN Recion: Great Namaqualand ; opposite Sendlings Drift, Pearson,
6105! Great Karas Berg region, Pearson, 8117! 8258! 8347! 8348! Little
Namaqualand ; hills by the Koussie (Buffels) River, Drége, ‘*392%” (not 3926 as
quoted by Boissier)! Avrapohl, Marloth, 4895! plain between Aggenys and Pella,
Pearson, 3580! slopes north of Middelkraal, Pearson, 5618! Van Rhynsdorp:
Div. ; near Bakhuis, Pearson, 5468 !
40. E. brachiata (E. Meyer in Drige, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 184,
ex Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 74 partly); a dwarf much-branched
shrublet, leafless and spineless ; branches and branchlets opposite
or forking, jointed and more or less constricted at their origin,
diverging from each other at an angle of 100°-180°, fleshy when
young, glabrous, rusty-brown when dried; leaves rudimentary,
deciduous, opposite, sessile, abruptly recurved, 1 lin. long, deltoid,
acute, angular on each side at the base, concave-channelled down
the face, rigid when dried, glabrous ; cymes terminal, 1-} in, in
diam., consisting of two diverging branchlets about | lin. long, each
ring 3 sessile involucres; bracts much shorter than the in-
volucres, about 4 lin. long and 3 lin. broad when flattened, broadly
deltoid, apiculate, concave, glabrous; involucres sessile, | lin. in
diam., cup-shaped, glabrous, with 4-5 glands and 5 oblong fringed
lobes ; glands about 2 lin. in their greater diam., transversely
oblong, entire ; ovary and capsule not seen.
Coast Recton: Van Rhynsdorp Div. ; hills near Ebenezer, Drége, 2948 !
Under the name of E. brachiata, Drege distributed two distinct but allied
Species, both of which seem to be included in Boissier’s description. I have taken
as the type, HE. brachiata, E. Meyer, letter ‘‘a,” which in E. Meyer’s Herbarium
at Liibeck bears the number 2948, as quoted by Boissier and is named
“£. brachiata” in E. Meyer's handwriting, none of the specimens seen of this
any ovary or capsule upon them. Under letter ‘‘b”’ an entirely different
Species was distributed, described below as FE. perpera, N. E. Br., which was
collected over 200 miles further north, near the Orange River and bears female
flowers and fruit, and it is from this species that I believe Boissier to have described
the styles and fruit under £. brachiata, no specimen of it, however, exists in
Meyer's Herbarium at Liibeck. The plant figured by Burman, Pl. Afr. Rar. t. 5,
also quoted by Boissier under E. brachiata, belongs to a totally different species
E. arceuthobioides, Boiss.), which grows in a different region. :
FL. C.—VoL. V.—SECT. Il. T
274 EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). | Euphorbia.
41, E. chersina (N. E. Br.); a dwarf much-branched bush, appa-
rently less than 1 ft. high, leafless and spineless, with a succulent
bark ; primary branches or stems of the specimens seen 3}—6 in.
long, 23-34 lin. thick, dichotomously branched so as to form a
flattish-topped cyme 5-6 in. across, terete, glabrous, perhaps glaucous,
but not papillate nor asperate; branches opposite, diverging from
each other at an angle of 90°-130°, stout, with internodes }—2 in.
long; leaves rudimentary, opposite, persisting for a short time,
sessile, scale-like, 3 lin. long, deltoid-ovate, acute, concave, glabrous,
spreading or recurved, blackish ; cymes terminal on the ultimate
forkings of the branches and stem, sessile, very smal] (about i-}
in. in diam.) and dense, nearly all fallen from the specimens seen ;
bracts } lin. long, scale-like, broadly deltoid-ovate, subacute, ad-
pressed to the involucres or finally spreading, keeled, glabrous,
reddish-brown or blackish-brown ; involucres sessile, 1 lin. in diam.,
3 lin. deep, cup-shaped, glabrous outside, with 5 glands and 5
broadly cuneate ciliate lobes, apparently purple ; glands about } lin.
in their greater diam., transverse, narrowly oblong, entire, with
the inner margins turned up, forming a slight lip ; ovary oblong,
obtusely 3-angled, glabrous, with a small obtusely 3-lobed calyx at
its base, finally just exserted from the involucre on a short pedicel,
erect ; styles } lin. long, very shortly united at the base, ascending-
spreading, minutely 2-lobed at the apex ; capsule and seeds not
seen.
WestEeRN Recion: Great Namaqualand ; Angra Pequena, Pearson & Galpin,
7584! Marloth, 4638.
42. EB. indecora (N. E. Br.); a bush, 2-3 ft. high, succulent at
the young parts and with a succulent bark, leafless and spineless,
unisexual ; branches opposite, diverging from each other at an
angle of 90°-100°, terete, slightly curved, 3-12 in. long, simple or
branching like the stems, tapering to the apex, but not spine
pointed, 14-2 lin. thick when dried, with internodes 1—2 in. long,
not papillate nor asperate, glabrous, perhaps glaucous; leaves
rudimentary, soon deciduous, opposite, recurved-spreading, % lin.
long, spathulate or obovate-spathulate, with a very short broad
stalk and rounded or transverse very obtuse blade, concave,
glabrous, green; cymes lateral, apparently few, scattered along
the young branches, sessile, 3- (or perhaps more) flowered ; bracts
like the leaves; involucres not seen quite mature, 3 lin. in diam.
and ? lin. deep, but probably slightly larger when fully developed,
subcylindric or very slightly obconic, glabrous outside, puberulous
within, with 5 glands and 5 subquadrate very minutely ciliate
lobes ; glands } lin. in their greater diam., transversely oblong,
entire ; ovary glabrous, shortly stalked, perhaps ultimately exserted
from the involucre ; styles }-2 lin. long, shortly united at the base,
acutely bifid at the apex.
WesteRN Reeion: Little Namaqualand ; on sandy plains sloping towards. the
Orange River, between Dabainoris and Houms Drift, Pearson, 3387 !
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE.E (Browr). 275
This much resembles HM. decussata, E. Meyer, and, as in that species, the bark
of the dead branchlets cracks transversely and breaks up into rings, but besides
its smaller and more cylindric involucres is readily distinguished by its green
spathulate rudimentary leaves and bracts, which are more quickly deciduous than
they are in £, decussuta.
43. E. cibdela (N. E. Br.); a bush, 2-3 ft. high, leafless and
spineless, with the young branches succulent and the older with
a succulent bark, glabrous, green, apparently not glaucous, uni-
sexual ; branches opposite, diverging from each other at an angle
of 50°—60°, straight, 1-2 lin. thick, with internodes 3-11 in. long,
all attaining to the same general level or the lower overtopping the
main and upper branches, not asperate nor papillate ; leaves rudi-
mentary and soon deciduous, opposite, recurved-spreading, 1—1} lin.
long, 4 lin. broad and nearly as thick, narrowly lanceolate or
elliptic, acute or obtuse, apiculate, narrowed into a short petiole
at the base, glabrous, minutely ciliate on the margins of the
petiole; male involucres solitary and terminal and also in small
terminal and lateral cymes, with a pair of leaf-like bracts at their
base, sessile or subsessile, 14 lin. in diam. and 1 lin. deep, cup-
shaped, puberulous outside and pubescent with much longer hairs
within, with 5 glands and 5 rectangular ciliate lobes ; glands rather
distant, 4-3 lin. in their greater diam., transversely oblong or
9
s
elliptic-oblong, entire, with the inner margin turned up and a
slight depression in front of it ; female plant not seen.
Western Recron: Great Namaqualand ; hillsat Schakalskuppe, 4900-5600 ft.,
Pearson, 4428 !
44, KE. amarifontana (N. E. Br.); a succulent leafless and spine-
less bush, 1 ft. or more high, divaricately branched ; main stems
2 lin. thick (dried); main branches opposite, 14-2 lin. thick,
diverging from each other at an angle of 60°-100°, with internodes
{-2 in. long, tapering upwards and usually with one pair of lateral
branchlets below the forked or simple ends, sometimes simple, without
any branchlets, straight, each pair gradually shorter, so that the
whole forms a flat-topped corymbose cyme at the end of each main
stem 8-12 in. in diam., glabrous, not papillate nor asperate ; leaves
rudimentary, opposite, persisting for some time, } lin. long, sessile,
ovate or deltoid-ovate, acute, recurved, glabrous, dark brown or
blackish ; cymes very small and compact, sessile, terminating the
ultimate branchlets ; bracts scale-like, } lin. long, broadly ovate,
subacute, adpressed to the involucre, glabrous, dark brown ; invo-
lucre 1 lin. long, 7 lin. in diam., or perhaps larger, somewhat ovoid-
campanulate, glabrous outside, with 5 glands and 5 broadly cuneate
or subspathulate-obovate ciliate lobes; glands 4-3 lin. in their
Sreater diam., transversely oblong, entire, somewhat 2-lipped from
the inner margin being turned up or inwards ; ovary, capsule and
seeds not seen.
Western Recion : Van Rhynsdorp Div. ; Bitterfontein, Zeyher, 1534! between
itterfontein and Stinkfontein, Pearson, 5532! .
Ts
276 EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). | Luphorbia.
Of this species I have been able to examine only one involucre, which is past
the flowering stage and has its glands ascending, but probably when alive and in
full flower they would be spreading and so the diameter of the involucre would be
larger than above stated. Its mode of branching at the inflorescence and cuneate
involucre-lobes well distinguish it from most of its allies.
45, BE. Rudolfii (N. E. Br.); a leafless and spineless unisexual
bush, apparently succulent or with a succulent bark, probably 1 ft.
or more high, with the main branches repeatedly forking at the
top into large lax cymes 3-8 in. across; in the specimens seen
the pieces are 9-12 in. high, with the main stems 1}—2} lin. thick,
and the slender branches $—} lin. thick, terete, glabrous, not papil-
late nor asperate, with internodes mostly 1-2} in. long, the ultimate
shorter ; leaves and bracts rudimentary, opposite, scale-like, } lin.
long, sessile, deltoid, acute, spreading, blackish or dark brown ;
male involucres solitary or 3 together in a sessile cyme at the tips
of the ultimate branchlets, campanulate, 1} lin. or less in diam.
and 1 lin. deep, very minutely puberulous outside on the lower
part, distinctly puberulous within, with 5 glands and 5 rather
linear-oblong ciliate lobes ; female plant not seen.
WesteRN Recion: Van Rhynsdorp Div. ; on hills near Bitterfontein, 1300 ft.,
Schlechter, 11047 ! between Bitterfontein and Stinkfontein, Pearson, 5533 !
_ 46. E. muricata (Thunb. Prodr. 86 and FI. Cap. ed. Schult. 405) ;
a much-branched leafless and spineless succulent shrub, 1-2 ft.
high ; only upper portions of three main branches or stems bearing
a few lateral branches seen; branches more or less constricted or
jointed at their origin, opposite or sometimes alternate (except at
the inflorescence) from only one branch at each node being deve-
loped, diverging from the stem from which they arise at an angle
of 20°-35°, terete or (when dried) sometimes very distinctly
6-angled, with concave sides between the angles, scabrous, especl
ally on the older parts, with very small crowded laterally com-
pressed tubercles or crenations, glabrous ; leaves rudimentary and
scale-like, opposite, sessile, about 4} lin. long, ovate or deltoid-ovate,
acute or obtuse, recurved and concave-channelled at the apical part,
dark brown, soon deciduous; cymes terminal, 4-1} in. in diam.,
consisting of 2 opposite diverging branchlets }—1 in. long, each
forking once or twice into shorter branchlets bearing 3 involucres,
but flowers are wanting on the specimens and are not described by
Thunberg ; bracts scale-like, sessile, }-} lin. long, very broadly
ovate, acute to very obtuse, dark brown.
Coast Recioy: Van Rhynsdorp Div. ; on hills at Atties, Pearson, 5459 !
Clanwilliam Div. ; between the Olifants River and Bockland, Thunberg !
Boissier has erroneously considered this to be identical with two other species
which he associated with it under E. brachiata, E. Meyer, and states that the
scabrous epidermis is only due to shrinkage in drying. This, however, is not the
case, for the thin laterally compressed and somewhat minute tubercles are
evidently structural, and neither they nor the angles and grooves present on the
stem and branches of E. muricata are to be found upon any dried specimens ©
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE# (Brown). 277
KE. brachiata, E. Meyer, or any other South African species living or dried that I
have seen. Besides the nature of its scabrous stems, this species is readily dis-
tinguished from the true E. brachiata, E. Meyer, by the often alternate and very
much less divergent branches and different inflorescence, probably the involucres
will also be found to differ. Thunberg’s type consists of two small branches and
Pearson’s specimen of one branch only; the latter is identical with the type
except that the stem shows only a slight trace of the six angles which are
conspicuous on that of Thunberg.
47. E. perpera (N. E. Br.) ; a much-branched succulent shrub or
shrublet, leafless and spineless ; branches and branchlets all opposite
or forking, more or less constricted or jointed at their origin,
diverging from each other at an angle of not more than 60°-78°,
fleshy when young, glabrous; leaves rudimentary, deciduous, scale-
like, opposite, sessile, spreading or with abruptly recurved tips,
+ lin. long and more in breadth, very broadly deltoid, acute,
searcely channelled, glabrous; cymes terminal, }—] in. in diam.,
formed of 2 diverging branchlets 1~} in. long, each once or twice
forking into shorter branchlets, the ultimate bearing 3 involucres ;
bracts shorter than the involucres, scale-like, 4 lin. long, deltoid-
ovate, acute or subobtuse, glabrous ; involucres sessile, } lin. in
diam., cup-shaped, glabrous, with 5 glands and 5 minute oblong
or spathulate-oblong slightly ciliate lobes; glands } lin. in their
greater diam., transversely oblong or elliptic-oblong ; ovary ellipsoid,
trigonous, narrowing at the apex, glabrous; styles 1-2? lin. long,
united at the basal half, ascending-spreading above, with bifid tips ;
capsule about 1} lin. long and 1} lin. in diam., trigonous, exserted
just beyond the involucre ; seed about 1 lin. long, pyramidal, sub-
truncate at the base, obscurely 4-angled, densely covered with very
minute whitish tubercles on a dark brown ground. £. brachiata,
letter b, E. Meyer in Drege, Zwei Pf. Documente, 184, name only,
and Boiss. in DC. Prodr, xv. ii. 74, partly (excel. Drége, 2948, and
E. muricata, Thunb.). Arthrothamnus brachiatus, Klotzsch & Garcke
in Abhandl. Akad. Berlin, 1860, 62.
WESTERN REGION: Little Namaqualand; along the Orange River, between
Verleptpram and its mouth, Drége !
This plant bears a superficial resemblance to E. muricata, Thunberg, but the
peculiar tubercles, grooves and angles on the stems of that species are quite absent
from this and it grows in a different region, about 200 miles farther south.
Boissier has associated this and 3 other perfectly distinct species under the name
ot E, brachiata, E. Meyer, and I believe his description of the flowers and fruit
under that name are taken from this species. No specimen of E. perpera exists in
E. Meyer’s Herbarium, his type of Z. brachiata being quite distinct from it.
48. E. Burmanni (E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pf. Documente, 154,
ex Boiss, in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 75); a bushy plant, 1-2 ft. high
(Phillips), with the younger parts succulent, spineless and almost
leafless, diwecious; main stems or branches about 2 lin. and the
flowering branches about 2-1 lin. thick when dried, glabrous,
green, not glaucous, drying greyish-green; branches opposite,
diverging at an angle of 55°-75°, ascending and forming at the
278 EUPHORBIACE (Brown). | Euphorbia.
inflorescence an irregular corymb of cymes, conspicuously marked
at the nodes with large persistent dark brownish-red stipular
glands; leaves opposite, spreading, deciduous, 1-1} lin. long,
spathulate, puberulous on the upper side of the proportionately
broad petiole, otherwise glabrous ; blade 3—! lin. in diam., rhomboid
or suborbicular-rhomboid, or those on the flowering part transversely
oblong, acute to obtuse, flat or concave; inflorescence terminal,
consisting of 3 branches or of 2—3 pairs of branches once or twice
forked, forming a cyme or a raceme of cymes 1-2 in. long and
1-1} in. in diam., with the ultimate branches each bearing »
crowded involucres; bracts of the same form and size as the
leaves; involucres sessile, unisexual, 13-1? lin. in diam., cup-
shaped or very broadly and shallowly obconic, minutely puberulous,
with 5 glands and 5 subquadrate toothed lobes ; glands }—j lin. in
their greater diam., transversely oblong, entire, dull yellowish-
green ; capsule 14-1? lin. in diam., obtusely trigonous, minutely
velvety, exserted on a pedicel equalling the involucre in length,
erect; styles free to the base, 4 lin. long, spreading, minutely
notched at the apex and with a line-like channel down the face ;
seeds nearly 1 lin. long, oblong, slightly pointed at one end,
4-angled, irregularly tuberculate on the faces, glabrous. E. vimi-
nalis, Burm. Prodr. Pl. Cap. 14, ex Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ti. 1;
not of Linn. E. Tirucalli, Thunb. Prodr. 86 and Fl. Cap. ed. Schult.
405, as to one specimen on sheet 3 of his Herbarium. E. biglan-
dulosa, Willd. Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. Suppl. 27, not of Desfontaines
nor of Boiss. Arthrothamnus Ecklonii, Klotzsch d& Garcke, lc. 6%,
as to description and Ecklon, Euphorb. 25, but not 23 & 24. A.
Bergii, Klotzsch & Garcke, l.c. 63.
Sourn Arrica : without locality, Thunberg ! oa
Coast Recion : Van Rhynsdorp Div. ; Gift Berg, Phillips, 7637 ! Clanwilliam
Div. ; near Clanwilliam, Leipoldt, 227! Doorn River, Schlechter, 8058! Piquet-
berg Div. ; mountain sides, Het Kruis, Misses Stephens & Glover, 8752! Pikeniers
Pass, Pearson, 5211! Malmesbury Div. ; near Darling, Bachmann, 402! 1040 -
Marloth, 4014! Moorreesburg, Bachmann, 1046! Prezant Hoek, near Hopetield,
Bachmann, 2181! near Groene Kloof, Bolus, 4360! Tulbagh Div. ; New Kloot,
MacOwan, 3225! and in Herb. Austr.-Afr., 2002! Diels, 183! near Tulbagh
Waterfall, Schlechter, 1418! Cape Div. ; Blue Berg, Drége! Robertson Div. ;
Montagu, 400 ft., Marloth, 3270!
CENTRAL REGION : Ceres Div. ; Ceres Karoo, Marloth, 5102 ! :
WesTERN REGION: Little Namaqualand: Kamaggas, Schultze, 178 ! and without
precise locality, Alston in Herb. Marloth, 4894!
Partly described from a living cultivated plant.
Of the type sheets of Arthrothamnus Ecklonii, Klotzsch & Garcke, in the Berlin
Herbarium, Euphorbia 25, Ecklon & Zeyher, is the only specimen of the three
quoted by Klotzsch & Garcke that agrees with their description, the others have
not the characteristic stipulary glands. This specimen bears the locality —
82, indicating that it was collected near Uitenhage, but this locality 1s rae
certainly an error, as no other collector has found this species so far to t 6
eastward, and many species of this group are so similar that it may easily —
been mistaken for an eastern species. Several errors of this kind have been mace
in the distribution of Ecklon & Zeyher’s plants.
The type of Arthrothamnus Tirucalli, Klotzsch & Garcke (Euphorbia oe
Ecklon & Zeyher), consists of two branches of Euphorbia mauritanica and two ©
a
A
a
3
Z
fs
.Z
Huphorbia.| EUPHORBIACEAE (Brown). 279
E. Burmanni ; the locality number 85, upon the label, indicates that they were
collected on the eastern slopes of Table Mountain, but I believe this only to refer
to the branches of E. mauritanica, as E. Burmanni appears not to occur there.
49. E. corymbosa (N. E. Br.) ; a branching leafless and spineless
succulent shrub, 1 or more ft. high, dicecious ; main stems 13-2 lin.
thick (dried); branches opposite or occasionally alternate, terete,
glabrous, the terminal ending in rather dense corymbose cymes ;
leaves rudimentary and soon deciduous, probably like the bracts
in size and form, not seen; corymbs all terminal, 1}-2} in. in
diam., densely many-flowered, composed of numerous small cymes ;
bracts 1 lin. long, spreading, spathulate, with the small transverse
concave subtruncate or triangular blade much shorter than the
broad linear petiole, glabrous, green ; ultimate cymes of the male
plant 24—4 lin. in diam., consisting of very short branchlets bearing
3-7 sessile involucres 1-1} lin. in diam., obconic, glabrous outside -
and within, with 5 glands and 5 minute subquadrate toothed lobes ;
glands contiguous, spreading, }—3 lin, in their greater diam., trans-
versely oblong or subreniform ; female plant not seen.
Coast Recion: Riversdale Div, ; near Albertina, Muir!
Well distinguished from its allies by the small. cymes being crowded into rather
large flat-topped corymbs.
50, E. Angre (N. E. Br., angrana by error on p. 232 ante); a
much-branched leafless and spineless bush, perhaps dwarf; main
branches } in. thick, the ultimate about 1 lin. thick, crowded,
repeatedly forked, subcylindrice or slightly compressed, constricted
at the nodes, with internodes or joints 1-1 in. long, smooth, glabrous ;
leaves rudimentary, opposite, scale-like, 2—3 lin. long, 1-1} lin. broad,
sessile, very broadly subcordate-ovate or subreniform, subacute or
apiculate, rather thick and fleshy, puberulous on the upper side,
glabrous beneath, reddish-brown; cymes rather dense, terminal,
formed of the very numerous and very short articulations into which
the, branches divide, each ultimate joint with 1~3 involucres at its
apex ; bracts like the leaves ; involucres sessile, 14-2 lin. in diam.,
cup-shaped or somewhat obconic, glabrous outside, pubescent within,
with 5 (or perhaps sometimes more) glands and 2 or more small fleshy
3-toothed lobes, sometimes replaced by reduced glands, or absent ;
glands irregular in size, contiguous, spreading, }—1 lin. in their greater
diam., transverse, subreniform or the smaller subelliptic, minutely
pitted ; capsule about 2 lin. in diam., rather deeply 3-lobed, glabrous,
exserted on a pedicel slightly longer than the involucre ; styles free
to the base, at first erect, afterwards spreading, } lin. long, shortly
bifid, with slender diverging lobes at the apex ; seeds not seen.
WESTERN REGION: Great Namaqualand ; Angra Pequena, Galpin & Pearson,
7549!
51. E. xquoris (N. E. Br.) ; a dwart succulent leafless and spine-
less shrublet, 8 or 9 in. high and 4-6 in. in diam., much-branched,
280 EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). | Luphortia.
with thick fleshy or subtuberous roots; branches opposite or
repeatedly forked, }—-2 lin. thick (dried), terete, with internodes
2-6 lin. long, glabrous ; leaves rudimentary, soon deciduous, oppo-
site, $—} lin. long, spathulate, with a short broad or linear petiole
abruptly dilated into a transverse elliptic or elliptic-oblong blade,
subtruncate or very broadly rounded and subapiculate at the apex,
longitudinally folded or channelled, glabrous or with a few hairs
along the midrib on the upper side; flowers solitary at the ends
of the ultimate branchlets, but with a flowering branchlet growing
out from the axil of one or both bracts; bracts about as long as the
involucre, like the leaves; involucre sessile, }-1 lin. in diam. and
3-3 lin. deep, cup-shaped, glabrous outside, pubescent within, but
the pubescence not or scarcely visible when wetted, with 5 glands
and 5 very small ovate ciliate lobes; glands scarcely contiguous,
shortly stalked, }—1! lin. in their greater diam., transversely oblong
or elliptic-oblong, entire; ovary and capsule obtusely 3-angled,
glabrous, with a small acutely 3-lobed calyx at the truncate base,
exserted and curved to one side on a slender pedicel 1-2 lin.
beyond the involucre; styles united into a slender column 4 lin.
long, with spreading arms } lin. long, minutely or shortly bifid at
apex ; capsule about 2 lin. in diam., smooth; seeds 1} lin. long,
ovoid, truncate at the base, shortly acute at the apex, with 3 slight
ridge-like angles, rugulose, of a somewhat steel-grey colour.
CenTRAL Recon: Middelburg Div. ; plains at Rosmead Junction, 4000 ft.,
Sim in Herb. Galpin, 56261 Schoombie, Trollip ! Colesberg or Hanover Div. ; on
the great plain between Colesberg and Hanover, 4500 ft., Bolus, 2201!
52. E. arceuthobioides (Boiss. Cent. Euphorb. 20, and in DC.
Prodr. xv. ii. 76) ; a much-branched succulent bush, }-1 ft. high,
leafless and spineless, unisexual ; main stems 14—2 lin. thick at the
base ; main branches in 3-4 pairs, opposite, }—1 lin. thick when
dried, variably diverging, dichotomously and trichotomously forking
into numerous brarichlets, often variably curved, terete, usually
slightly rough from minute papilla-like and mostly laterally com-
pressed tubercles; leaves rudimentary, opposite, sessile or sub-
sessile, often recurved, 3—1 lin. long, broadly ovate, oblong or oblong-
obovate, very obtuse or subapiculate, usually with a small tooth or
angle on each side near the base, slightly concave and puberulous
on the upper surface, convex and glabrous on the back, dark brown,
persistent ; cymes once or twice forked, their ultimate branchlets
14-9 lin. long, 1-flowered ; bracts shorter than the involucre, }-!
lin. long, somewhat obovate or subspathulate or like the leaves ; 1n-
volucre unisexual, 1]—13 lin. in diam. cup-shaped, very minutely
puberulous at the very base, otherwise glabrous outside, with >
glands and 5 oblong fringe-toothed lobes; glands }—2 lin. in their
greater diam., transversely oblong, entire ; capsule 2 lin. in diam.,
glabrous, with a circular disc-like calyx at its base and just exserted
beyond the involucre ; styles very shortly united at the base, with
radiating arms 2 lin. long, bifid to below the middle; seeds about
Euphorbia.) EUPHORBIACE# (Brown). 281
I lin. long, ovoid, subobtuse at the apex, truncate at the base,
rugose. HE. Tirucalli, Thunb. Prodr. 86, and Fl. Cap. ed. Schult.
405, partly, as to the right-hand specimen on sheet 3 of his Herbarium,
not of Linn. E. scopiformis (serpiformis), Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii.
errata and 75, partly. Arthrothamnus Ecklonii, Klotzsch & Garcke
in Abhandl. Akad. Berlin, 1860, 63, as to Ecklon & Zeyher, 23, and
24 partly, not as to 25, nor description. A. scopiformis, Klotzsch &
Garcke, l.c. 63.—Tithymalus tuberosus, aphyllus, &e. Burm. Rar. Afr.
of ae 0 a
Coast Recion: Clanwilliam Div. ; near Brakfontein, Ecklon & Zeyher, Euphorb,
24 partly ! Tulbagh Div. ; Piquetberg Road (Gouda), Schlechter, 4850 ! Cape Div. ;
near Cape Town, Thunberg! Harvey, 25! Riet Valley, Bergius! Camps Bay,
Prior! Green Point, Prior! Lion Mountain, Froembling, 124! above the road
beyond Sea Point, Wolley-Dod, 1777! Cape Flats, Mund & Maire! Stellenbosch
6 ; near Somerset West, Ecklon &: Zeyher, Euphorb. 23 ! Lowrys Pass, Schlechter,
7215!
According to reports received from Dr, Marloth and Major Wolley-Dod, this
species would appear to be now very scarce in the vicinity of Cape Town, and the
temale plant is decidedly rare, as only two of the specimens seen are of that sex.
The specimen collected by Bergius in Riet Valley is the type of Arthrothamnus
scopiformis, Klotzsch & Garcke, and is identical with the type of Euphorbia
arceuthobioides, Boiss. Both of these names were published in 1860, and in the
same year the name FE. scopiformis, Boiss., was also published. But as this name
seems to have been actually published at a later date than that of E. arceuthobioides,
and as Boissier included under it (according to the specimens he quotes) two
distinct species, one of them being FE. arrecta, N. E. Br., it seems advisable to
adopt the name E. arceuthobioides in preference to that of E. scopiformis. Boissier,
under £. arceuthobioides, quotes the collectors of the type as Ecklon & Zeyher, 76,
he has here, however, mistaken the locality number for the distribution number,
which should be Ecklon & Zeyher, 24 partly, the number 76 which appears on the
label is merely the locality number, and indicates that the plant was collected near
Brakfontein, by the Olifants River, see Linnwa, xix. 583 and 589. The other
part of Ecklon & Zeyher, 24, belongs to E. rhombifolia, var. cymosa, N. E. Br., and
comes from another region.
Some specimens collected on Hex River Mountains in Worcester Div. (Drége,
8204, Tyson, 649) are nearly related to E. arceuthobioides, but appear to be
distinct, the material at my disposal is, however, insufficient to decide this point.
The Hex River plant requires to be compared in the living state with E. arceutho-
divides to form a correct opinion.
53. E. spartaria (N. E. Br. in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 558); a
succulent, leafless and spineless bush or shrublet, }-1 ft. or more high,
trichotomously branched, dicecious ; branches opposite, in 2-3 pairs,
diverging from each other at an angle of 40°-70°, terete, 3-14 lin.
thick, with internodes 3-2 in. long, slightly curved-ascending,
Slabrous, not asperate or papillate ; leaves rudimentary, opposite, only
seen as bracts under the involucres and shorter than or about equal-
ling them, 3-1 lin. long, obovate-spathulate, with the broad petiole
rather gradually dilated into the obovate or orbicular-obovate
blade, subacute, very obtusely rounded or minutely 3-toothed at the
apex, concave-channelled and minutely puberulous down the face,
usually persisting during the flowering period or whilst the fruit is
maturing ; cymes small, of 3 involucres, either on a pair of branchlets
+4 in, long at the apex of the branches or on 2-3 pairs of short
282 EUPHORBIACE (Brown). | Kuphorbia.
branchlets forming a raceme, with the central involucre sessile and
the lateral on short branchlets; involucres 1}—1 lin. in diam. in
the male and 1-1} lin. in diam. in the female plant, obconic-
cup-shaped, glabrous outside, pubescent within, with 5 glands and
5 subquadrate toothed lobes ; glands contiguous or nearly so in the
male, distinctly separated in the female, }—} lin. in their greater
diam., transversely oblong, with a slight depression in front of the
inner margin, entire; capsule 2} lin. in diam., with 3 rounded
lobes, glabrous, with its base exserted just above the involucre and
provided with a small disc-like 3-angled calyx ; styles free to the
base and spreading on the top of the ovary, } lin. long, bifid to
nearly half-way down with diverging tips; seeds 1-1} lin. long,
ovoid, truncate at the base, acute at the apex, obscurely 4-angled,
rugose, dark grey.
Western Recion: Little Namaqualand ; hills near Steinkopf, Schlechter, 11381!
near Kasteel Poort, Bolus, 9443! Klip Kalk, Pearson, 6521! Van Rhynsdorp
Div. ; Zout River, Schlechter, 8146!
Also in Tropical Africa.
E. spartaria is closely allied to E. ephedroides, but the much more divergent
branches give it a distinct appearance, and the involucres are somewhat larger,
whilst it also seems to be a more slender plant. The female plant of E. ephedroides
is unknown.
54, E. ephedroides (E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente,
184, ex Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 75); a leafless and spineless
succulent shrub or shrublet, trichotomously or dichotomously
branched, dicecious, only the male plant seen; branches opposite,
erect and subparallel, somewhat bunched together, with internodes
}-2¢ in. long, terete or slightly compressed, the stouter of those
seen about | lin. thick, arising from stems or main branches 2 lin.
thick, not asperate or tuberculate ; leaves rudimentary, opposite,
soon deciduous, only present in the specimens seen as bracts
under and as long as or longer than the involucre, 1—1} lin. long,
spathulate, with a rather narrow linear petiole, very abruptly
dilated into a transversely elliptic blade, very obtusely rounded ov
subtruncate and dorsally subapiculate at the apex, channelled down
the face, glabrous, green ; involucres sessile, solitary at the apex of
the ultimate branchlets or sometimes 3 in small cyme, with the
central one in the fork between the 2-3 lin.-long branchlets bearing
the lateral involucres, 1-11 lin. in diam. and 2 lin. deep, cup-
shaped, glabrous outside, densely pubescent within, with 5 glands
and 5 subquadrate toothed lobes ; glands subcontiguous or slightly
separated, }—} lin. in their greater diam., transversely oblong, with
the inner margin nearly straight and turned up, forming a slight
lip and the outer margin very broadly rounded, entire ; female
involucres and fruit not seen.
WesTERN Recion: Little Namaqualand ; between Koper Berg and Kookfontein
(Goodemans Kraal ex Boissier), Dréye! and without precise locality, Alston im
Herb. Marloth, 4876! :
Huphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE (Brown). 283
This species is well distinguished from its allies, with the exception of
E. spartaria, N. FE. Br., by the bracts being as long as the involucre, as well as by
its erect subparallel branches.
Burchell, 1724 (not 1424 as printed), is erroneously quoted by Boissier under
this species, but not only are the habit and appearance totally different, but the
male involueres are larger and the bracts shorter than the involueres in Burchell’s
plant, for which see 55, E. rectirama, N. E. Br.
55. E. rectirama (N. E. Br.) ; a succulent, leafless and spineless
bush, up to 3 ft. high (Burchell), with many branching stems 2-3
lin. thick at the base, diwcious ; branches opposite, diverging from
each other at an angle of 45°-65°, erect or ascending, terete,
glabrous, with internodes 3-3 in. long; leaves opposite, rudimen-
tary, soon deciduous, 7-1 lin. long, spathulate, with the linear or
oblong-linear petiole abruptly dilated into a suborbicular or very
broadly ovate or transversely elliptic blade, rounded or subacute
and apiculate at the apex, channelled and more or less pubescent at
the bottom of the channel down the face, otherwise glabrous ;
cymes opposite and usually racemosely arranged along the branches,
3-14 in. long, once or twice forked, with 2-4 involucres or sometimes
the upper are undivided with only 1 involucre ; bracts like the
leaves ; involucres solitary, sessile, in the male plant 14-1} lin. in
diam. and 1 lin. deep, in the female 3-1 lin. in diam. and } lin.
deep, cup-shaped, glabrous outside, pubescent within, with 5 glands
and 5 subquadrate toothed lobes; glands of the male }—3 lin, and
of the female 1-1 lin. in their greater diam., transversely oblong or
elliptic, entire ; ovary finally exserted on a pedicel just above the
involuere, glabrous ; styles } lin. long, shortly united at the base,
with spreading bifid arms; capsule 14-2 lin. in diam., 3-lobed,
smooth ; seeds 1 lin. long, ovoid, pointed at one end, obscurely
4-angled, tuberculate-rugose, grey.
KaLaHart Recion: Griqualand West ; between Spuigslang Fontein and the
Vaal River, Burchell, 1724! Klipfontein, Burchell, 2633! Warrenton, Miss Adams,
158! Orange River Colony; Amandelboom, Burtt-Davy, 10096! Bloemfontein
district, Burtt-Davy, 11850 !
56. E. arrecta (N. E. Br.); a leafless and spineless succulent
bush, probably 2 ft. or more high, compactly much-branched above,
unisexual ; main stems or branches 14-14 lin. thick (dried) ; lateral
branches more slender, opposite, diverging from each other at
the base at an angle of 45°-50°, then erect, elongated and by
forking into cymes or with opposite pairs of cymes racemosely
scattered along them forming a panicle | ft. long and 3-4
in. broad, glabrous ; leaves rudimentary, scale-like, opposite, 3-4
lin. long, deltoid-ovate, often angular on each side at the
base, and there contracted into an exceedingly short petiole
or subsessile, obtuse, apiculate; stipular glands none; cymes
usually twice forked, each fork or branchlet bearing 1 involucre;
bracts under the involucre sessile, broadiy ovate or oblong, obtuse,
apiculate ; involucre sessile, 1-1} lin. in diam., cup-shaped, glabrous
outside, with 5 glands and 5 oblong or subquadrate minutely toothed
284 EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). | Euphorbia.
and ciliate lobes ; glands }—2 lin. in their greater diam., transversely
oblong, entire, very slightly concave; ovary and capsule not seen.
E. scopiformis (serpiformis by error), Boiss. in DC. Prodr, xv. errata
and 75 partly, as to Zeyher 1535 only, excl. all synonyms.
Coast Recon: Clanwilliam Div.; Berg Valley, Zeyher, 1535! Possibly
Schlechter, 9940, from Brand Vley in Worcester Div. may belong here.
The name E. scopiformis as applied by Boissier, according to the only three
specimens quoted, includes two perfectly distinct species, being founded upon a
specimen collected by Bergius in Riet Valley, which is the type of Arthrothamnus
scopiformis, Klotzsch & Garcke, and another collected by Ecklon & Zeyher (Euphorb.
24) near Brakfontein in Clanwilliam Div., both of which belong to E. arceuthobioides,
whilst the distinct Berg Valley plant (Zeyher 1535) appears to have been added
afterwards, as its characteristics do not appear in the description. As the name
scopiformis was not originally applied to this plant (Zeyher 1535) and belongs to
the plant described by Boissier as H. arceuthobioides before or at about the same
time, I deem it best to abolish the name E. scopiformis altogether and apply a
fresh name as-above.
57. E. tenax (Burchell, Trav. 8. Afr. i. 219); a leafless, spineless,
succulent bush, about 2 ft. high, dicecious, only the male plant seen,.
dichotomously and trichotomously much-branched ; branches mostly
opposite, diverging from each other at an angle of 55°-80°, 1-1}
lin. thick, terete, not angular, rough from minute hardened papille,
all rising to about the same general level and forming a somewhat
flat-topped corymb of small cymes, green, scarcely milky (Burchell) :
leaves rudimentary, scale-like, opposite, recurved from about the
middle, about 4 lin. long and broad, subquadrate or oblong, very
obtuse or subtruncate, very minutely apiculate, minutely puberulous
on the upper, glabrous on the lower side, chocolate-coloured, soon
deciduous ; cymes small, in pairs at the ends of the branches,.
forming there a lax cyme }—11 in. in diam., with or without 1-3
pairs of other cymes racemosely spaced along the branch below
them; bracts scale-like, firm, 3-2 lin. long, oblong, very obtuse,
apiculate, chocolate-coloured ; involucre 14—1} lin. in diam., cup-
shaped, minutely papillate or subglabrous outside, with 5 glands
and 5 transversely rectangular toothed lobes; glands $—? lin. in
2
their greater diam., transversely elliptic or elliptic-oblong, entire,
apparently yellowish or greenish ; ovary and capsule not seen.
Centra Reaion : Ceres Div. ; in stony places on Hangklip, near the Ongeluks
River, Burchell, 1219!
This species has been overlooked by all authors and omitted from the Index
Kewensis.
58. E. rhombifolia (Boiss. Cent. Euphorb. 19); plant unisexual :
stems probably growing in bush-like clumps, 1-2 ft. high, succulent,
spineless, leafless, 1}—2 lin. thick at the base, simple or with 1-5
distant pairs of slender branches 5-18 in. long, bearing 6-12
distant pairs of peduncles (or, in the varieties, cymes) in a racemose
manner, glabrous ; leaves rudimentary and soon deciduous, opposite,
4-1 lin. long, occasionally oblong, but usually spathulate, with a
Euphorbia.] EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). 285
short broad petiole and an ovate, cordate-ovate or transversely
elliptic blade, obtuse or acute, mostly recurved, usually slightly
puberulous on the upper side at the base, otherwise glabrous ;
peduncles opposite, the pairs }-3 in. apart, usually 1-6 lin. long,
but occasionally longer, each bearing only 1 involucre (rarely 2-3),
glabrous ; bracts under the involucres like the leaves in size and
form, soon deciduous; involucre sessile, unisexual, 14-2 lin. in
diam., cup-shaped, glabrous outside, with 5 glands and 5 sub-
quadrate fringe-toothed lobes; glands 3-1 lin. in their greater
diam., transversely elliptic or elliptic-oblong, entire, usually larger
in the male than in the female involucre; ovary erect, with a
conspicuous disc-like calyx at its base, glabrous, exserted on a
pedicel not exceeding the involucre; styles }—2 lin. long, very
shortly united at the base, with spreading bifid arms. Boiss. in
DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 75, and Ie. Euphorb. 16, t. 46. E. racemosa, E.
Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 184, ex Boiss. in DC. Prodr.
avo u. 1D.
Var. B, triceps (N. E. Br.) ; involucres 3 together, sessile on peduncles 1-2
lin. long; otherwise as in the type.
Var. y, cymosa (N. E. Br.) ; involucres in several- or many-flowered cymes,
which (including the 1—4 lin.-long peduncles) are 3-1} in. long, with internodes or
joints 1-4 lin. long ; occasionally the involucre is puberulous outside ; otherwise
as in the type. Arthrothamnus eymosus, Klotzsch & Garcke in Abhandl. Akad.
Berlin, 1860, 63.
Var. 5, laxa (N. E. Br.) ; involucres four to several in very lax cymes, which
ode the peduncles) are 1-2} in. long, with internodes or joints 5-14 lin.
ong.
Soutu Arrica: without locality, Drége, 8217 ! ‘
Coast Recion: Uitenhage Div.; Uitenhage, Hutton! Fort Beaufort Div. ;
Kunap River, Baur, 1046! Queenstown Div. ; mountains near Imbarne River,
mingled with var. 8, Cooper, 318! Finchams Nek, Galpin, 1598! Queenstown,
Koyers, 4050! Var. y: Humansdorp Div.; Kabeljaauw, near Humansdorp,
Burtt-Davy, 12044! Uitenhage Div.; Coegakammas Kloof, Zeyher, 863! Ecklon
& Zeyher, Euphorb, 24 partly ! Redhouse, Mrs. Paterson, 722! Port Elizabeth
Div. ; near Port Elizabeth, Kemsley, 289! Drege, 5! Albany Div. ; Bushmans
River Poort, Galpin, 2975! King Williamstown Div. ; near King Williamstown,
Flanagan, 1754! Var, 5: Bathurst Div. ; near Port Alfred, Galpin, 2959 !
Komgha Div. ; among rocks along the Chichaba River, Flanagan, 838! Div. ?
hear Biesjesfontein, MacOwan, 1612! :
CENTRAL Recion: Graaff Reinet Div. ; nmiountains near Graaff Reinet, Bolus,
191! Aberdeen Div.: Hamerkuil, in the Camdeboo, Drége, 690 ! Beaufort West
Div. ; Nieuwveld, Dréve, 8118, partly! Var, 6: Graaff Reinet Div. ; Sneeuw-
berg Range, Wyley! Var. y: Prince Albert Div. ; Gamka River, Burke! Sand
River Mountains, Marloth, 4394; Somerset Div. ; Bosch Berg, MacOwan!
Aberdeen Div. ; in the Camdeboo, Dunn in Herb. Bolus, 6259! -
Eastern Reaion: Natal ; Mooi River Thorns, beyond Greytown, Wood, 4336 !
and without precise locality, Gerrard, 1170! Var. 8: Natal ; Mooi River Valley,
Sutherland !
Specimens (Gilfillan in Herb. Galpin, 6070), collected on a ridge at Zwart
Crans Caves, Krugersdorp, in the Transvaal, have the smaller habit and general
appearance of FL. rhombifolia, but the leaves are persistent and more fleshy, like
those of EB. rectirama. Possibly it may prove to be distinct, but requires to be
compared with living plants of both species.
This is either a very variable plant or more than one species is here included
under this name, but from the material seen I have been unable to obtain
286 EUPHORBIACE (Brown). | Buphorbia.
characters that are of specific value. The four forms above characterised are
distinct in appearance, but grade into each other in such a manner that any specific
difference they may possess vanishes in the dried material, and if specitically
different they must be characterised from living plants. The different forms
occur in the same geographical area.
Tam quite unable to distinguish /. rhombifolia and EF. racemosa, The former
was founded upon Drége, 8217, and a young immature growth figured for it, but
the distributed specimens of Drége, 8217, that I have seen, consist of weak
branches corresponding to those of Boissier’s figure and flowering branches
corresponding to the type of Z. racemosa in E, Meyer’s Herbariuin, and (Gerrard's
1170 collected in Natal are partly exactly as in the figure of &. rhombifolia, partly
as in E. racemosa. As no description of 2. racemosa was published until 1862,
when Boissier first described it in De Candolle’s Prodromus, 1 take the earlier
published name of £. rhombifolia for this plant, although certainly not so
applicable. Boissier has described the peduncles of #, racemosa as bearing a eyme
of 5-7 involucres, but this is quite inaccurate as to the type of /. racemosa in
E. Meyer’s Herbarium, in which the peduncles bear only 1-3 involucres, and in
none of the specimens that I have seen, which are conspecific with that type, are
more than 3 involucres borne upon any peduncle, usually there is only one.
In the original description (not in DC. Prodr.) Boissier quotes ‘* Heklon & Zeyher
nos. 23, 83” as belonging to this species, but this specimen is #. arceuthobioides,
Boiss., and the quotation really refers to one specimen only, of which the number
is 23, the added number 83 is merely the locality number and not the number of
a separate specimen (see Linnwa, xix. 583 and xx. 258). Arthrothamnus eymosus,
Klotzsch & Garcke (Zcklon & Zeyher, 24 partly), is wrongly referred to FE. decussata,
E. Meyer, by Boissier in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 75. £. rhombifolia is readily distinguished
from its nearest allies by its quickly deciduous bracts.
59. E. aspericaulis (Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 26); a small
leafless and spineless succulent bush, apparently 1-14 ft. high,
dicecious; branches alternate or perhaps sometimes opposite,
diverging from the stem at an angle of 25°-40°, 1-14 lin. thick,
6-angled, with slight furrows between the angles, rough from
minute hard papille, glabrous ; leaves opposite, rudimentary, about
1 lin. long, oblong, obtuse, with the apical half deflexed, dark brown
or purple-brown, glabrous ; cymes opposite, or from one axil, race-
mosely scattered along the branches, up to about 4 lin. in diam., at
first with 1, finally producing 3-5 involucres; bracts about 2 lin.
long and nearly or quite as broad, oblong, very obtuse and apiculate
or subtruncate at the apex, rather flexible; involucres unisexual,
about 14 lin. in diam., cup-shaped, glabrous outside, with 4—5 glands
and very small oblong or subquadrate slightly toothed lobes ; glands
}—} lin. in their greater diam., transverse, oblong or elliptic-oblong,
entire, apparently yellowish or greenish; ovary and capsule not
seen.
CentTraL Recron: Calvinia Diy. ; Hantam Mountains, Meyer !
Allied to £, muricata, Thunb., by its rough branches, but the habit is different,
the branches more slender and the papilla upon them much more minute and
even, not compressed into irregular crenulations as in that species.
60. E. caterviflora (N. E. Br.); a leafless, spineless, succulent
shrublet, apparently about 9-12 in. high, mostly trichotomously
branched, dicecious, only a male specimen seen; main stems or
Euphorbia, | EUPHORBIACE (Brown). 287
branches 13-2 lin. thick (dried), lateral branches 2-1 lin. thick,
opposite, diverging from each other at an angle of about 70°-80°
and rising in a corymbose manner to about the same level, distinctly
6-angled, with slight furrows between the angles, rough from
minute hard papille; leaves rudimentary, opposite, abruptly re-
flexed from their base, 1-1} lin. long and as much in breadth,
triangular-subhastate in outline from a minute spreading point or
angle at their base, fleshy, purplish-black (dried), glabrous ; cymes
small, about 1-3 in. long and }—} in. in diam., in opposite pairs
racemosely arranged along the branches; bracts about 3 lin. long,
very broadly obovate or suborbicular, sometimes with a minute
tooth on one or both sides at or below the middle, subapiculate,
fleshy, glabrous, dark purple; involucre about 14 lin. in diam.,
cup-shaped, glabrous, dark purple, with 5 glands and 5 subquadrate
minutely toothed lobes; glands }—} lin. in diam., transversely
elliptic or suborbicular, entire, dark purple; ovary and capsule
not seen.
CENTRAL Region: Murraysburg Div.; on stony slopes of mountains near
Murraysburg, 4000 ft., Tyson, 167! Beaufort West Div. ; Nieuwveld, Drege,
8218 partly !
This species is nearly allied to E. aspericaulis, Pax, but the leaves and bracts
are totally different in shape and much more fleshy, and the involucres and their
glands are dark purple. Possibly a specimen collected at Melrose, Eastpoort, in
Bedford Div. by Burtt-Davy, 12281, may belong here, but is too imperfect for
determination.
61. E. Mundii (N. E. Br.) ; a succulent bush, | ft. or more high,
leafless and spineless, unisexual ; main stems 13-3 lin. thick ;
branches opposite, diverging from each other at an angle of
60°-90°, articulated at their origin, mostly simple, not spine-
pointed, glabrous and neither papillate nor asperate ; leaves rudi-
mentary, scale-like, opposite, sessile, recurved, }—1 lin. long and
as much in breadth, suborbicular, broadly ovate or oblong, some-
times angular on each side near the base, obtuse, minutely
apiculate, fleshy, rigid, persisting for a time, dark brown or
reddish ; cymes rather numerous, opposite, 4—6 lin. long and about
as broad, racemosely arranged along the branches, at first with 3,
but often ultimately producing several involucres, at least in the
male plant, and their internodes or joints as thick as long and
Somewhat bead-like, glabrous; bracts shorter than the involucres,
like the leaves in form and colour, glabrous ; involucre 1}—1} lin.
in diam., somewhat campanulate and as long as broad in the male,
obeonic-cup-shaped and broader than long in the female, glabrous,
with 5 glands and 5 subquadrangular or transversely rectangular
minutely toothed lobes; glands not contiguous, 3—} lin. in their
greater diam., transversely oblong or elliptic-oblong, entire ; capsule
not longer than broad, 14-1} lin. in diam., obtusely 3-lobed,
glabrous, exserted (as is also the ovary) on a pedicel about } lin.
longer than the involucre; styles very shortly united at the base,
288 EUPHORBIACE (Brown). | Euphorbia.
with ascending-spreading deeply bifid straight tips; seeds 1 lin.
long, somewhat ovoid, pointed at one end, slightly 4-angled, rugose,
dark grey. EE. decussata, Marl.? in Wissensch. Ergebn. Deutsch.
Tiefsee-Exped. ii. iii, 225, fig. 87, not of E. Meyer. Arthrothamnus
densiflorus, Klotzsch & Garcke in Abhandl. Akad. Berlin, 1860, 62.
SoutH Arrica: without locality, Thunberg !
Coast Recion: Robertson Div.; Montagu, Marloth, 2805! Oudtshoorn Div. ;
Karoo near the Olifants River, Mund & Maire!
Crntrat Recion: Laingsburg Div.; near Laingsburg, Marloth, 3904! Matjes-
fontein, Marloth, 4884! Beaufort West Div.; Nieuwveld Mountains, near
Beaufort West, Marloth, 4878! Prince Albert Div. ; stony hills near Prince
Albert, Bolus, 11634! Somerset Div. ; Sheldon, Hutton !
This species is quoted by Boissier in DC. Prodr. xy. ii. 75, as a synonym of
E. decussata, E. Meyer, but although it has a slight resemblance to that plant, it
is not so stout, its branches are less divergent, apparently less rigid and
have not such a tendency to end in somewhat spine-like points, whilst the bracts,
instead of gradually tapering from base to apex, are suborbicular or oblong,
obtuse and apiculate, not so thin nor concave, but thick, fleshy and somewhat
concave or flat on the upper surface ; also the plant is a native of a different
region.
As the name densiflora has been used for another species it cannot be retained
for this one. The type specimens from which my description is made are Marloth,
2805, 3904 and 4878, which are identical with the type of Arthrothamnus densi-
lorus, collected by Mund, after whom it is named.
62. E. macella (N. E. Br.) ; a succulent, leafless and spineless shrub
“4 ft. high” (Burchell), unisexual; branches opposite, diverging
from one another at an angle of 40°-60°, terete, smooth, wrinkled
when dried, glabrous ; leaves opposite, soon deciduous, only seen as
bracts under the involucres, } lin. long, spathulate, with a rather
broad petiole and a short abruptly dilated terminal part, broadly
rounded or subtruncate at the apex, minutely puberulous near the
base, glabrous elsewhere, when young, with small round glands at
their base; cymes racemosely arranged along the branchlets, 3-4
lin. in diam., simple, with 3 involucres or once forked and bearing
7 involucres, the lateral on pedicel-like cyme-branches 3—}? lin. long,
with a pair of bracts close under each; involucre 1}-1} lin. in
diam., cup-shaped, minutely puberulous all over outside, with 5
glands and 5 rectangular toothed lobes; glands not contiguous,
3-4 lin. in their greater diam., transverse, narrowly oblong, entire,
convex, “green” (Burchell) ; female plant not seen.
Coast Recion : Mossel Bay Diy. ; near Little Brak River, Burchell, 6197/? !
63. E. hastisquama (N. E. Br.) ; apparently about 3-6 in. high,
with numerous crowded trichotomously divided branches, glabrous ;
branches opposite, 4-1 lin. thick (dried), terete; leaves rudimentary,
scale-like, opposite, sessile, } lin. long, deltoid-hastate, with the
apex and basal lobes acute, recurved, blackish-brown, glabrous ;
involucre solitary at the apex of the terminal branchlets, sessile,
about | lin. in diam., cup-shaped, glabrous outside, pubescent within,
with 5 glands in the male (and perhaps 4 in the female) and 5 very
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). 289
small oblong or subquadrate fringed lobes; glands in the male
unequal (always?), 1-1} lin. in their greater diam., transversely
elliptic-oblong or subreniform, convex; female or hermaphrodite
involucre not seen.
Coast Recion : Uitenhage Div. ; fields by the Zwartkops River, 40 ft., Zeyher,
1099! 3854! Ecklon & Zeyher, Buphorb. 25 !
All the specimens seen are very imperfect and damaged by insects,
64. E. gentilis (N. E. Br.); dwarf, succulent, much-branched,
leatless and spineless, 3-6 in. high, unisexual ; branches numerous,
rather crowded, erect or ascending, alternate and opposite on the
same plant, 1$—3 lin. thick on the dried specimens, probably much
stouter when alive, glabrous and perhaps glaucous, very brittle
when dried ; leaves none or reduced to mere ovate rudiments less
than } lin. long, opposite or alternate ; bracts under the involucre
+ lin. long, narrowly oblong-obovate or spathulate, rounded at the
apex, slightly toothed, glabrous on the back, puberulous on the
upper surface ; involucres clustered at the apex of the branchlets,
usually in opposite pairs and shortly subspicate, sessile, 1-1} lin. in
diam, and 2 lin. deep, cup-shaped, glabrous outside, with 5 glands
and 5 subquadrate ciliate lobes; glands contiguous, spreading,
3-3 lin. in their greater diam., transversely elliptic-oblong, entire ;
female plant not seen.
CenTraL Recion: Calvinia Div. ; Bitterfontein, Zeyher, 1531! Grauwater,
1700 ft., Pearson, 3271!
_ WesteRN ReGion: Van Rhynsdorp Div.; hills near Zout River, 500 ft.,
Schlechter, 8136 !
This species is very brittle when dried and in that character is very much like
£. spicata, £. Meyer, and £#. karroensis, N. E, Br., which it also resembles im
appearance. But is readily distinguished from L. spicata by its glabrous stems, |
and from E. karroensis by the very different and often alternate rudimentary
leaves and absence of conspicuous stipulary glands.
65. E. stapelioides (Boiss. Cent. Euphorb. 26, and in DC, Prodr.
Xv. ii. 91); very dwarf, leafless and spineless, succulent, 3—4 in.
high ; main stems branching close to the ground ; branches opposite,
ascending or suberect, terete, jointed, with internodes }~} in. long,
in the dried specimen 2 lin. thick and very brittle, breaking up
into joints at the nodes; leaves opposite, rudimentary, sessile,
3-3 lin. long, broadly deltoid, acute, blackish ; flowers not seen,
but Boissier states that they are produced near the apex and
describes them as follows:—bracts 2 under each involucre and
about equalling it, ovate, mucronulate ; involucre sessile, 1} lin.
long and in diam., hemispherical, with transversely oblong entire
glands and short subentire hairy lobes.
Western Recron ; Little Namaqualand ; near the mouth of the Orange River,
Drége, 8199!
No specimen of this species exists in E. Meyer’s Herbarium at Liibeck, and the
type in Herb. Bunge, now in the Paris Herbarium, is reduced to two very small
FL. C.—VOL. V.—SECT. LI. U
290 EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). | Euphorbia.
fragments without flowers, but with two leaves present, most of the specimen
having been broken off and lost, for it is evidently a very brittle plant when dried,
easily disarticulating at the nodes. Therefore, until rediscovered, it is impossible
to give a better description. The position Boissier assigns to it between /. hamata,
Sweet, and £. clavarioides, Boiss., is very misleading, as it certainly has no
similarity to either of those species. Its real affinity is with Z. karroensis,
N.E. Br., #. spicata, E. Meyer, and Z. gentilis, N. E. Br., being evidently very
similar to the latter in size and appearance, but the leaves are quite different.
In my opinion there is nothing whatever about the plant that suggests the slightest
resemblance to any known Stapelia.
66. E. karroensis (N. E. Br.) ; a dwarf compactly much-branched
bush, succulent, spineless, dicecious, only male specimens seen :
branches opposite, erect or suberect and more or less bunched
together, articulated at their origin and often at the nodes ; main
stems or branches 3 lin. and the flowering branches 3-1} lin. thick
when dried, drying dark brown, glabrous, with large stipular glands
at the nodes; leaves opposite, rudimentary, deciduous, 2—? lin. long,
spathulate, recurved at the tips, puberulous on the upper side of
the proportionately broad petiole, glabrous elsewhere ; blade sub-
orbicular, obtuse, about } lin. in diam. ; cymes terminal, about 4 in.
in diam., consisting of a central subsessile involucre and 2 lateral
branches 3—1 lin. long, each bearing 3 involucres ; bracts like the
leaves in size and form; involucres 1 lin. in diam., cup-shaped,
minutely puberulous, with 5 glands and 5 subquadrate fringe-toothed
lobes ; glands }—3 lin. in their greater diam., transversely oblong,
entire ; rudimentary ovary pedicellate, glabrous. “ E. Burmanni,
E. Mey.?” in Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 184, name only. E. Bur-
manni, var. karroensis, Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 75. Arthro-
thamnus Burmanni, Klotzsch d Garcke in Abhandl. Akad. Berlin,
1860, 62.
WesTERN Recton: Van Rhynsdorp Div. ; near Hol River, Drége, 2947 !
This plant was distributed by Drége as ‘‘ FE. Burmanni, E. Mey.?” and was
considered by Boissier to be a variety of that species, but it is evidently a stouter
and more succulent plant, with shorter and more erect branches, a much less
compound inflorescence, and it dries dark brown instead of greyish-green. I have
not seen female involucres, but as the rudimentary ovary in the male involucres is
glabrous, probably the perfect ovary and capsule are also glabrous.
67. E. spicata (E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pf. Documente, 184,
ex Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 97) ; dwarf, succulent, much-branched
from the base, 2-6 in. high, leafless and spineless ; branches opposite
or sometimes solitary at a node, in the fragmentary specimens seen
1-4 in. long, 1-2 lin. thick, terete, subscabrous or harshly pube-
rulous with very short stiff spreading hairs or points ; leaves rudi-
mentary, soon deciduous, opposite or occasionally alternate, about
+ lin. long, ovate, acute, harshly puberulous ; eymes (including the
peduncles) 13-2 lin. long, in a few (or possibly several) opposite
crowded pairs arranged in a subspicate manner at the tips of the
branches, each with 3 involucres; bracts under the involucres 3-3
lin. long, spathulate, with a broad petiole and transversely oblong
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE (Brown). 291
blade or linear-oblong with the blade scarcely distinct from the
petiole, truncate at the apex, minutely papillate on the back and
with a few short hairs on the upper surface ; involucres sessile,
unisexual, 1-1} lin. in diam., cup-shaped, thinly pubescent outside,
at least on the upper part, with 4-5 glands and 5 oblong or sub-
quadrate toothed lobes; glands }—2 lin. in their greater diam.,
transversely oblong, entire ; ovary sessile, included, pubescent ;
styles exserted from the involucre, 3 lin. long, united for half their
length, with spreading bifid arms ; capsule and seeds not seen.
Western Recion: Little Namaqualand ; Silverfontein, near Ookiep, Drége,
2946 ! and without precise locality, Marloth, 4892 !
This is well distinguished from all its allies by its subscabrous branches. Boissier
describes the branches as papillose-hairy, but that does not seem to me a correct
description, the hairs are minute and resemble short stiff conical acute points,
unlike any that I have seen on any other species. Boissier quotes Zeyher, 1531,
as being E. spicata, but that number as represented by the specimens I have seen
1s a glabrous plant and belongs to E. gentilis, N. E. Br.
68. E. mauritanica (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 452, and Ameen. Acad.
ii. 111); a succulent, spineless shrub, 3-4 ft. high, branching
throughout, leafy only on the young growths; branches alternate,
erect, terete, smooth, marked or sometimes somewhat tubercled
with alternate leaf-scars, the younger or flowering branches }-} in.
thick, becoming thicker with age, glabrous, green, not glaucous ;
leaves sessile, soon deciduous, }—-1 in. long, 1-3 lin. broad, linear-
lanceolate or lanceolate, acute, glabrous, green; umbels terminal,
simple 3—5-rayed, when young with about 3 leaf-like very deciduous
bracts at the base ; rays or peduncles 2-6 lin. long, each bearing
1 involucre, and when immature a pair of very deciduous ovate
acute deeply concave bracts 14-2 lin. long and 14 lin. broad,
glabrous; involucre in dried specimens about } in. in diam. and
* in. deep, cup-shaped, glabrous, with 5 glands and 5 subquadrate
bifid or emarginate ciliate lobes; glands 1}—1} lin. in diam.,
suborbicular, entire, “ yellowish-green ” (Miller) ; ovary exserted on
4 curved pedicel 2-3 lin. long, glabrous ; styles 3-1} lin. long,
united at the basal third, bifid at the apex ; capsule 2?-3$ lin. in
diam., 3-lobed as seen from above, with subobtuse angles; seeds
13-13 lin, long, oblong, grey, speckled with black. Mill. Gard.
Dict, ed. viii. no. 16; Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1, ii. 137 ; Willd. Sp. Pl.
li. 889, and Enum. Pl. Hort. Bercl. 502; Thunb. Prodr. 86, and Fi.
Cap. ed. Schult. 405 ; Poir, Encycl. Suppl. ii. 610 ; Spreng. Syst. Veg.
ii. 788 ; Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 94; Berger, Sukk. Euphorb. 26 and
20, fig. 3; Marloth in Wissensch. Ergebn. Deutsch. Tiefsee-Exped.
Ul. iil. 234, 295, figs. 94 and 119. E. mauritiana, Bernh. in Flora, 1845,
87, and in Krauss, Beitr. Fl. Cap- und Natal. 150. E. Tiruealli,
nb. Prodr. 86, and Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 405 partly, as to sheet 4
of his Herbarium, not of Linn. E. phymatoclada, Boiss. Cent. Euphorb.
24, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 95. E. Hydnorx, E. Meyer, and
FE. . melanosticta, E. Meyer in Drege, Zwei Pf. gictenice 184, ex
U
292 EUPHORBIACE (Brown). | Euphorbia.
Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 95. Tithymalus virgatus, Haw. Syn. Pl.
Suec. 139. TT. Zeyheri, Klotzsch & Garcke in Abhandl. Akad. Berlin,
71. YT. brachypus, Klotzsch & Garcke, Le. 74.—T. aphyllus Mauri-
taniz, Dill. Hort. Eltham. 384, t. 289.
Var. 6, namaquensis (N. E. Br.); a bush, 2-3 ft. high, with the flowering
branchlets much more slender than in the type and in dried specimens 4~1 lin.
thick ; leaves 14-3 lin. long, 4-3 lin. broad ; involucre 24-3 lin. in diam.; styles
2-3 lin. long ; otherwise as in the type.
Sourn Arrica: without locality, Thunberg!
Coast Region: Clanwilliam Div. ; Clanwilliam, Zeipoldt, 237! Olifants River
Mountains and Valley, Pearson, 7332! Diels, 1147! Malmesbury Div. ; near
Theefontein, Bachmann, 1041! Hopefield, Bachmann, 2154! Worcester Div. ;
near Worcester, Marloth, 4877! Cape Div. ; various localities, Berygius! Zeyher !
Ecklon & Zeyher, Euphorb. 22 partly! and 26! Pappe! Krauss, 1733! Wolley-
Dod, 1629! Stellenbosch Div. ; near Gordons Bay, T’releaven in MacOwan, Herb.
Austr.-Afr., 1953! Caledon Div. ; Zoetemelks River, (ill! Swellendam Div. ;
Barrydale, Galpin, 4566! Riversdale Div. ; Tygerfontein, Galpin, 4560! Oudts-
hoorn Div.; Oudtshoorn, Miss Britten! Mossel Bay Diy. ; near Little Brak
River, Burchell, 6197/3! Rogers, 4222! Uitenhage Div. ; various localities,
Burchell, 42271 Drége, 124! Mrs. Patterson, 88 partly! 246! 713! 714! 723;
Port Elizabeth Div.; near Port Elizabeth, Sim, 2668! Albany Div.; various
localities, Bowker! Williamson! Galpin, 174! Mrs. Whyte, 1060! Fort Beaufort
Div. ; Adelaide, Hutton, 617! Queenstown Diy. ; Andriesberg Range, near Bailey,
5000 ft., Galpin, 2236! Eastern Frontier, MacOwan, 363!
CentRAL Recion: Calvinia Div.; Karoo flats west of Calvinia, Diels, 655 !
between Blaukrantz Pass and Karieboemfontein, Pearson, 3481! Laingsburg Div. ;
Matjesfontein, MacOwan, 3314! 3326! and in Herb. Austr.-Afr., 1954! Somerset
Div. ; near Somerset East, WaecOwan, 363! Cradock Div. ; near Cradock, Burtt-
Davy, 9846! Graaff Reinet Div. ; near Graaff Reinet, Bolus, 805! Beaufort West
Div.; Nieuweveld Mountains, near Beaufort West, Dréye! Carnarvon Div. ;
north exit of Karreeberg Poort, Burchell, 1578 ! Carnarvon, Schéinland ! Colesberg
Div. ; Naauwpoort, Rogers, 1029!
Western Recion: Great Namaqualand ; between Ramans Drift and Warmbad,
Pearson, 4204! 4435! Little Namaqualand; Kaus Mountains, Drége, 2945!
Garies, Alston (fasciated growth)! (also probably, Great Karasberg Range,
Pearson, 8073), Van Rhynsdorp Div. ; Ebenezer, Drége, 2943! 8215! Karree-
berg Range, Schlechter, 8311! Gift Berg, Phillips, 7391! Bokkeveld, Diels, 570!
Var. 8: Great Namaqualand ; Great Karasberg Range, Pearson, 8279! 8345!
8346 ! south of Warmbad, Pearson, 4432! Little Namaqualand ; various localities,
Pearson, 3055! 3628! 3845! Alston in Herb. Marloth, 5108! Marloth, 4879!
This plant has a very wide range and varies somewhat in appearance, but I
cannot find any distinctive characters in the dried specimens to separate more than
the one variety. The leaf-scars are usually narrow and somewhat crescent-like,
but sometimes (by a corky growth?) they enlarge into dark brown or blackish
tubercles, producing the form known as E. melanosticta, E. Meyer. This form and
the typical one, however, occur on the same plant. E. phymatoclada, Boiss., and
E, Hydnorx, E. Meyer, are both founded upon the same specimen, Drége, 2943.
69. E. patula (Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. viii. no. 11); succulent and
spineless ; stem 6-7 in. high, tapering upwards, producing at the
top a few tapering branches, spreading on every side, not (‘‘ scaly ”)
tuberculate and bearing at their tips several small narrow deciduous
leaves ; flowers unknown.
Souty Arrica: formerly cultivated at Chelsea,
Haworth refers this plant to his Dactylanthes patula, but Miller's description
does not seem to accord with that plant, which is a synonym of E. ornithopus,
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE (Brown). 293
Jacq. Can Miller’s plant be a small weak form of E. mauritanica, Linn., with
spreading branches? He describes the branches as not ‘‘scaly,” by which I
suppose he means they are not tuberculate, since those of E. Caput-Medusx, Linn.
are described as scaly,
70. E. Tirucalli (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 452); a spineless, succulent
tree, 15-20 ft. high, dicecious ; branches and branchlets alternate
or opposite or in clusters of 2-7 at the ends of the branches they
arise from and distinctly jointed to them, diverging or subparallel in
brush-like masses, more or less deciduous; ultimate branchlets 24-3}
(when dried 14—2) lin. thick, cylindric, very obtuse or subtruncately
rounded at the apex, glabrous, rather light green, with very fine whitish
striations, and marked with very small leaf-scars ; leaves alternate,
4-4 in. long, 4-3 lin. broad, linear or linear-lanceolate, acute,
glabrous ; involucres in sessile clusters at the apex of the branchlets,
cup-shaped, 14 lin. in diam., minutely puberulous or thinly sub-
tomentose on the upper part outside, with 5 glands and 5 trans-
versely subrectangular or subquadrate toothed lobes ; glands sub-
contiguous or separate, 3—3 lin. in their greater diam., transversely
oblong or elliptic-oblong, entire, flat, with a slightly raised margin
when fresh ; ovary subglobose, minutely tomentose, without a calyx
at its base, finally exserted on a stout pedicel ; styles united into a
very stout column 4 lin. long, with very spreading arms } lin. long,
divided to half-way down or nearly to the base into 2 widely spread-
ing-recurved tips ; capsule 1 in. in diam., slightly and very obtusely
3-lobed as seen from above, minutely puberulous, exserted on a
pedicel } in. long and curved to one side ; seeds 2 lin. long, ellipsoid,
smooth, glabrous, dark brown, with whitish margins around the
small white caruncle and along the brown suture extending from it.
Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 96 ; T. Thoms. in Speke, Journ. Nile,
Append. 646, and T'rans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 144; Volkens in Notizbl.
Konigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, ii. 263; Talbot, Forest Fl. Bombay, ii.
434 and 435, fig. 487; Berger, Sukk. Euphorb. 20, fig. 3, ii. ; Sim,
For. Fl. Port. E. Afr. 104, t. 84, fig. 2. E. media, N. E. Br. in
Dyer, Fl. Afr. vi. i. 556; Zimmermann in Der Pflanzer, 1912, 636,
Dok 8-9.— Ossifragra lactea, Rumph. Herb. Amboin. vil. 62, %. 29.
Tiru-calli, Rheede, Hort. Malabar. ii. 85, t. 44.
Katawart Region: Transvaal; Moorddrift, Miss Leendertz, 2245! near
Potgeiters Rust, Madge, 8443 ! Marloth, 5146! Waterberg district, Burtt-Davy,
1700! near Mafutane, Bolus, 12279 ! Komati Poort, Rogers ! : :
Eastern Recion: Transkei; in cultivation at Columba Mission, Miss Pegler,
1000! ‘Tembuland; Bashee River, Bowker! near Mganduli, ex Miss Pegler.
Natal ; Groenberg, Wood, 1339 !
In the Flora of Tropical Africa I considered this plant to be distinct from
E. Tiruealli, Linn, At that time I had not seen any flowering specimen of the
undoubted typical FE. Tirucalli, either from India or other country where it is
known to be cultivated, and could not reconcile the dense crowded heads of
imvolucres of the male plant (the female not having been seen) from Tropical
Africa, with the very different appearance of the female involucres figured in
Rheede’s Hort. Malabar., upon which Linnzus founded the species. Since then,
However, female specimens of the Natal plant were received, the male being
identical with the male of the Tropical African plant. Subsequently I have seen
.
294 EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). | Kuphorhia.
one Indian specimen and some from Mauritius of undoubted E. Tirucalli, Linn.,
all female, and these prove to be in every way identical with the female specimens
of the Natal plant ; so that there can no longer be any doubt that the plant is a
native of the eastern side of Africa, from German East Africa southwards to
Tembuland, and that it was probably introduced from Portuguese East Africa by
the Portuguese into India, where it is used for hedges and, I am informed, does
not often flower. The female flowers are sometimes few and lax, as represented by
Rheede, and sometimes numerous, forming a dense head, as in the male plant. In
Natal the plant is being extensively worked for rubber.
71. BE. dregeana (E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 184,
ex Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 95); a succulent leafless spineless
bush, 3-6 ft. high and as much or more in diam., very much-
branched at the base; main stems 2-3 in. (Pearson), {-14 in.
(Marloth) thick at the base, erect, branching; flowering branches
alternate, cylindric, 4—} in. thick, with prominent leaf-scars, very
minutely puberulous on the young parts, becoming glabrous, or
sometimes apparently quite glabrous, whitish-green, sometimes
covered with a dry whitish exudation when dried ; leaves alternate,
rather rudimentary, only present on very young branchlets, soon
deciduous, sessile, or subsessile, 14-4 lin. long, 13-2} lin. broad,
ovate or ovate-deltoid, acute or obtuse, channelled down the face,
recurved, somewhat fleshy, minutely puberulous; umbels or cymes
terminal, solitary or 2 to several more or less clustered at the ends
of short alternate erect branchlets, 14-3 in. in diam., 3-rayed ; rays
j-3 in. long, usually 1-3-times forked, but occasionally simple,
minutely puberulous ; bracts sessile, 2-3} lin. long, 34-6 lin. broad,
nearly half-cireular or rounded-subrhomboid when flattened out,
obtuse or apiculate, concave, minutely puberulous on both sides ;
involucre sessile, 3-4 lin. in diam. and about 13 lin. deep, sub-
globose-cup-shaped, puberulous outside, glabrous within, with 5
glands overtopped by 5 erect subquadrate slightly fringed or very
shortly and densely ciliate lobes ; glands 1}-1} lin. long and 13-1
lin. broad when flattened out, somewhat ovate-triangular or deltoid,
with the part adnate to the involucre acute or subacute and the
outer part subtruncate or crenulate or slightly lobed and wavy,
incurved in dried specimens, but probably more or less deflexed or
spreading and concave when alive, puberulous on the back, glabrous
on the inner or upper surface ; capsule sessile, 3 lin. long, 4-44 lin.
in diam., somewhat 6-angled, with 3 of the angles subacute,
minutely puberulous ; styles 1-1} lin. long, united for 4-3 of their
length, with erect or recurved-spreading bifid (or entire ?) tips ;
seeds 2 lin. long, oblong, somewhat 4-angled, slightly pointed at one
end, smooth, pale brown in the examples seen, but perhaps unripe.
Berger, Sukk. Euphorb. 26; Marloth in Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Afr. iii.
124. E. elastiea, Marloth in Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Afr. ii. 37 (not of
Jumelle nor of Altiramo d& Rose).
CeNTRAL Recon : Calvinia Div. ; Roggeveld, Marloth, 3905!
WESTERN REGION : Great Namaqualand ; Obib, Range, 582! Tsaukaib, Range,
418! Schultzse, 392! Little Namaqualand ; at Silverfontein and frequent between
the Koussie (Buffels) River and the Orange River, Dréye, 2942! Nixons Cutting,
.
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE ( Brown). 295
near Klipfontein, 3000 ft., Bolus, 9444! rocky slopes at Eenriet, Pearson, 4066 !
Ratel Poort Mountain, Pearson, 2971! Namies. Alston ! Bushmanland, Rogers !
near Anepous, covering large areas of country, Marloth, 4684! between Anenous
and Chubiesis, Pearson, 5974 !
I have dissected and compared the type specimen of EF. elastica with that of
E. dregeana and can fiad no difference between them. This species is used for
rubber.
72. E. gummifera (Boiss. Cent. Euphorb. 26, and in DC. Prodr.
XV. ll, 97); a leafless spineless bush, forming large clumps 3-4 ft.
high, succulent at the younger parts, woody below, dicwcious, with
a very disagreeable odour ; flowering branches erect or ascending,
23-5 lin. thick, slightly angular from raised lines decurrent from
the slightly prominent leaf-scars, glabrous, or, in the female plant,
minutely tomentose for about + in. immediately under the inflores-
cence at the apex, more or less covered with a dry gummy or
resinous exudation (not velvety-pruinose as described by Boissier) ;
leaves minute, rudimentary, scale-like, fleshy, recurved, dark red,
only seen on the tips of growing branches, soon deciduous ; male
plant with 1 or more dense sessile clusters of involucres at the tips
of the branches, about 1-1 in. in diam. ; female plant with a few
sessile involucres at the tips ; involucres sessile, about { in. in diam.,
less when dried, cup-shaped, apparently reddish or purplish, minutely
white-tomentose, with 4-5 glands and 5 subquadrate or rounded
entire lobes ; glands about 3 lin. in their greater diam., transverse,
reniform or half-orbicular, entire, apparently dark red or purple ;
capsule about 4 in. in diam., obtusely 3-angled, very minutely and
not densely puberulous, probably somewhat fleshy when alive, eXx-
serted on a pedicel not longer than the involucre, erect ; styles } lin,
long, stout, channelled, bifid at the apex, spreading; seeds 3 lin.
long, and 3} lin. broad, somewhat subquadrate, compressed dorsally,
with a ridge down the back, smooth, at first brown, becoming white
when perfectly ripe. Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 97; Marloth in
Trans. Roy. Soc. 8. Afr. i. 316. E. sessiliflora, E. Meyer in Drege,
Zwei PA. Documente, 184, name only, not of Roxb.
Western ReGion: Great Namaqualand ; Rotkuppe, near Bethany, Range, 59 !
® predominant plant on sandy plains at Gorup (Garub), Pearson, 4174! 4175!
Namib Desert, near Tschaukaib, Marloth, 4636! Little Namaqualand ; near the
Urange River, Dréye, 2944 !
73, E. gregaria (Marloth in Trans. Roy. Soc. 8. Afr. ii. 36, t. 1,
8. 7); a leafless spineless bush, forming dense clumps 3-6 ft. (or
Sometimes more) high and 3-20 ft. in diam., succulent at the
younger parts, dicecious; main stems 14-2 in. thick (Marloth),
alternately branching; dried flowering branches 2-4 lin. thick,
erect or ascending, terete, not angular, with inconspicuous and not
Prominent leaf-scars, glabrous, or, in the female plant, minutely
tomentose under the inflorescence for 1—} in. at the apex only,
everywhere covered with a dry gummy (or waxy!) exudation,
296 EUPHORBIACE (Brown). | Luphorbia.
greyish, white or green when dried; leaves represented by minute
rudimentary scales, alternate, only seen at the tips of the branches,
soon deciduous; male plant with a subglobose cluster of several- or
many-flowered subsessile cymes 1—} in. in diam., at or near the
apex of the branches; female plant with only 2-3 (or more?)
subsessile involucres at the tips; involucres 2—2} lin. in diam.,
cup-shaped, minutely tawny-tomentose, with 4—5 glands and 4-5
short transverse entire lobes, and with a pair of dull reddish scale-
like bracts at their base; glands 3—1 lin. in their greater diam.,
half-orbicular, reniform or transversely elliptic, entire ; capsule 8-11
lin. in diam., globose or orbicular-ovoid, rounded or subacute at
the apex, obscurely 3—5-angled, 3—5-celled, exserted and pendulous
from the involucre on a stout abruptly recurved pedicel }—$ in.
long and covered with a minute dense tawny tomentum ; styles 3-5,
about } lin. long, very stout, recurved, channelled, bifid at the
apex ; seeds 3-3} lin. long and 2}-3 lin. thick, usually obtusely
3-angled, sometimes scarcely angular, smooth, white, with or
without a round blackish-brown spot on each side or sometimes
brownish, with a brown line along the middle angle. ‘“ Aggenys
Euphorbia,” Pearson in Ann. S. Afr. Mus, ix. 9, 13, 15.
WEsTERN Recon: Great; Namaqualand; Kuibis, Pearson, Marloth, 4683!
near Sandverhaar, between Gobas and Keetmanshoop, Holoog and Sabiesis, ex
Pearson, Great Karasberg Range, Pearson, 8075! 8084! 8564! Bushmanland ;
Abbasis, Pearson ; Wortel, 2700 ft., Pearson, 3339! Pella, Pearson, 5037 ! Aggenys,
Pearson, 3338! 3538 !
74. BE. peltigera (E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 184,
ex Boiss. in DC, Prodr. xv. ii. 91); plant about 1-1} ft. high,
branching in a bushy manner with a thick underground rootstock,
very similar in habit and appearance to E. hamata, Sweet ; branches
{-} in. thick, with conical spreading leaf-bearing alternate tubercles
13-9 lin. prominent, bounded by slight furrows, minutely puberu-
lous on the young parts, green; leaves alternate, sessile on the
tubercles, }-? in. long, }-} in. broad, elliptic or ovate, acute or
obtuse, slightly folded lengthwise, minutely puberulous on both
sides, deciduous ; bracts 3 in a whorl, forming a cup 3-3 in. in
diam. surrounding a single involucre at the apex of the branches
and branchlets, 4-6 lin. long and 6-10 lin. broad when flattened
out, transverse, somewhat rhomboid-elliptic or suborbicular, broadly
rounded or subtruncate, apiculate at the apex, minutely puberulous
on both sides, green; involucre sessile, much shorter than the
bracts, unisexual, cup-shaped, minutely puberulous, 24-3 lin. in
diam., with 5 glands and 5 erect oblong fringed lobes; glands»
broadly cuneate, 1} lin. broad, suberect, rather closely contiguous,
forming a cup, covered with very short rather crowded simple or
divided teeth on its truncate margin, green; female involucres and
fruit not seen.
WesteRN Recron : Little Namaqualand ; near the Orange River, below 1000 ft.,
Drége, 2951! Steinkopf, Kling, 156!
Luphorbia.| EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). 297
Partly described from fresh material in fluid (Aling, 156), contributed by
Dr, s. Schonland. This species very closely resembles FE. hamata, Sweet, but is
easily distinguished by its stems, bracts and involucres being minutely puberulous
and by the very different glands of the involucre. Drége’s specimens are mere
Scraps, but must have been taken from a very luxuriant plant, as the tubercles
are 7 in. long, on Kling’s specimen they are much shorter.
_ 75, E. hamata (Sweet, Hort. Suburb. Lond. 107, and Hort. Brit. ed.
1, 356); succulent, bushily branched, sometimes forming large dense
masses up to 1 ft. high, unisexual, with an elongated or oblong tuber-
like rootstock 1-2 in. (or more) in diam. ; branches 3-6 (or when dried
13-4) lin. thick, fleshy, somewhat 3-angled, with somewhat distant
conical tubercles scattered along them, glabrous, green, becoming
grey on the old parts; tubercles 1-8 lin. prominent, horizontally
spreading or slightly recurved, bounded by a slight furrow and
obtusely 3-ribbed down the decurrent part, bearing leaves when
young and after their fall at first somewhat acute, but with age the
apex of the tubercle withers and becomes obtusely rounded ; leaves
3~% in. long, 1-1 in. broad, sessile on the tubercles, ovate, elliptic
or lanceolate, obtuse or acute, rounded or broadly cuneate at the
base, flat or slightly folded lengthwise, very slightly fleshy, glabrous
on both sides, green, soon deciduous ; bracts usually 3 in a whorl,
forming a cup around a solitary involucre at the apex of the
branches and branchlets, 3-5 lin. long, 2-5 lin. broad, usually sub-
orbicular and obtuse and apiculate at the apex, or occasionally broadly
ovate and acute, glabrous, apparently yellow or yellowish ; involucre
sessile, much shorter than the bracts, 24-3) lin. in diam., unisexual,
cup-shaped, glabrous, with 5 glands and 5 fringed lobes; glands
distant, probably spreading or deflexed, usually smaller than the
lobes, 3-1 lin. long and broad, suborbicular, with the outer margin
minutely crenulate (not toothed) or entire, and the inner slightly
turned up, apparently yellow in some specimens and red in others,
possibly changing with age; capsule sessile, } in. in diam., sub-
globose, glabrous; styles united into a column 13-1} lin. long,
With short spreading bifid tips; seeds 1} lin. long, ovoid, obtuse
and with 3 slight radiating keels at the apex, minutely rugulose,
grey. Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 91; Berger, Sukk. Euphorb. 124.
E, antiquorum, E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pf. Documente, 184, name
only, not of Linn. E. cervicornis, Boiss. Cent. Euphorb. 27, and in
DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 90 ; Berger, Sukk. Euphorb. 123 and 124, fig. 33.
Dactylanthes hamata, Haw. Syn. Pl. Suce. 133. Medusea hamata,
Klotzsch & Garcke in Abhandl. Akad. Berlin, 1860, 61.—Euphorbium
caule rotundo, folius hamatis, &c., Burm. Rar. Afr. Pl. 14, t. 6, fig. 3.
Sourn Arrica : without locality, Thunberg ! Zeyher, 1529!
.voOast REGIon : Van Rhynsdorp Div.; Heerenlogement, Zeyher, 1530! Clan-
William Div.; near Clanwilliam, Leipoldt in Herb. MacOwan, 3183! Marloth,
ae Schlechter, 84291 Piquetberg Div.; Piquet Berg, Drege, 2950! Bolus,
Cn .
_ 16. E. gariepina (Boiss. Cent. Euphorb. 28, and in DC. Prodr. xv.
u. 91); a compact succulent bush, often about 6—9 in., but sometimes
298 EUPHORBIACE (Brown). [ Luphorbia.
1-2 ft. high ; branches of the main shoots alternate, 1-3 lin. thick
(dried), cylindric, with small conical tubercles or processes (persistent
bases of the petioles, not spines as originally described) $—3 lin. long
seattered along them, glabrous, smooth, ascending or ascending-
spreading, all attaining to about the same height in a corymbose
manner ; ultimate branchlets in the male plant bearing 1 or more
2-3-rayed umbels, with or without 1 or more single rays below the
umbel, in the female plant terminating in a single sessile involucre ;
leaves only present on the young branches, alternate, petiolate,
somewhat fleshy, glabrous ; petiole 1—5 lin. long, rather slender, its
basal part persisting after the fall of the remainder; blade 23-7
lin. long, ?-2 lin. broad, varying from linear-lanceolate to elliptic,
acute or obtuse and sometimes recurved at the apex, more or less
tapering at the base, longitudinally folded ; rays of the umbel 4-13
(usually }$-1) in. long, glabrous, bearing a pair of bracts and 1
involucre ; bracts 1—4 lin. long and as much in breadth, obovate-
oblong to orbicular, rounded and apiculate or rarely denticulate at
the apex, glabrous, those under the involucre usually larger than
those at the base of the umbel ; involucre unisexual, 14-2 lin. long
and 14-1 lin. in diam. in the male, rather shorter in the female,
campanulate or slightly contracted at the mouth, glabrous outside,
puberulous within, with 5 glands and 5 ovate or oblong acute or
bifid or toothed puberulous lobes; glands spreading, not quite
contiguous, }-3 lin. in their greater diam., two-lipped, transversely
elliptic or with the inner lip somewhat triangular and subacute, entire,
smooth on the upper surface, in dried specimens the lips are some-
times much incurved and form a concave upper surface to the
gland ; capsule erect, with its base just exserted from the involucre,
2}~3 lin. in diam., globose, more or less distinctly 9-ribbed, glabrous ;
styles united into a column }—$ lin. long, with rather slender re-
curved entire acute arms }—? lin. long; seeds 11 lin. long, ovoid,
shortly pointed at one end, smooth.
WesTERN ReGion : Great Namaqualand ; various localities on the Great Karas-
berg Range, 5000-5500 ft., Pearson, 7810! 7811! 8118! 8228! 8259! river bed
12 miles south of Warmbad, 2400 ft., Pearson, 4283! 4640! Little Namaqualand ;
common on the lower mountain slopes at Aggenys, 3200 ft., Pearson, 3540! by
the Orange River near Verleptpram, Drége, 8214!
77. E, tridentata (Lam. Encycl. ii. 416); plant dwarf, succulent,
spineless, branching from the base; branches ascending or some-
what spreading, 1-6 in. long, }1—1 in. thick, cylindric or slightly
tapering upwards, tessellately tuberculate with hexagonal flattish
tubercles }-} in. in diam., having a slightly prominent whitish
leaf-scar, glabrous, dull green ; leaves sessile, soon deciduous, 2-3 lin.
long, 14-2 lin. broad, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acute, dark green,
with a reddish minutely toothed margin; peduncles 3-4 at the
ends of the branches, about 2 lin. long, bearing a pair of ovate or
elliptic bracts and | involucre, glabrous ; involucre about }—2 in. in
diam., cup-shaped, glabrous, with 5 glands and 5 transversely oblong
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). 299
toothed and ciliate inflexed purplish lobes ; glands subcontiguous,
about 2} lin. in diam. across the tips, very concave at the basal
part, divided into 3-4 spreading finger-like corrugated white
processes 1-1} lin. long ; ovary pedicellate, scarcely exserted, with
styles { in. long, united for two-thirds of their length, with entire
spreading tips. DC. Pl. Grass. t. 144; Poir. Encycl. Suppl. ii. 607.
FE. anacantha, Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1, ii. 136; Willd. Sp. Pl, ti: 888 ;
Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 220; Bot. Mag. t. 2520; Spreng. Syst. Veg. iii.
787 ; Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 86; Berger, Sukk. Euphorb. 107.
Dactylanthes anacantha, Haw. Syn. Pl. Succ. 132. Medusea triden-
tata, Klotzsch & Garcke in Abhandl. Akad. Berlin, 1860, 61.—Euphor-
bium anacanthum squamosum, de., Isnard in Act. Paris, 1720, 387,
no. 12, and 392, t. 11. Euphorbium erectum aphyllum, dc., Burm.
Rar. Afr, Pl. 16, t. 7, fig. 2. Euphorbium africanum caule squamoso,
tte., Bradl. Hist. Succ. Pl. Dee. 5, 12, t. 45.
Soutn Arrica: without locality, Herb. Lamarck !
Described from Lamarck’s type and the figures above quoted.
78. E. ornithopus (Jacq. Fragm. 76, t. 120, fig. 2); plant (ex-
cluding the peduncles) 2-3 in. high, succulent, spineless, irregularly
branching close to the ground, dimorphic ; branches procumbent or
straggling, often one over another, jointed, with 3-5 laxly spiral
series of acute conical tubercles, mostly 1-2 lin. prominent, glabrous,
dull green or purplish ; stem-joints in one form (which although
bearing bisexual involucres, only some of them appear to prove
fertile) mostly cylindric and 1-4 in. long, 3-5 lin. thick excluding
a the tubercles, or some of them ovoid or subglobose and Jess than
a 1 lin. long; in another form (in which nearly all the involucres
. appear fertile) they are subglobose, oblong or shortly cylindric,
3-14 in. long ; leaves rudimentary, deciduous, 1—2$ lin. long, t-3
lin. broad, lanceolate, acute, glabrous ; peduncles of the long-jointed
form solitary, terminal, 14-3 in. long, ?—-1 lin. thick, bearing 3—4
small alternate bracts below the middle, a pair or whorl of 3 larger
elliptic bracts 2-21 lin. long and 14 lin. broad at its apex and
1 involucre, or forking into a 2-3-rayed cyme or umbel with rays
5-13 in. long, each with 1 involucre, glabrous ; peduncles of the
Short-jointed form 1-3 at the apex of the branches 5-1} in. long,
1-2 lin. thick, simple or forking into 2-3 rays, otherwise as in the
ong-jointed form; involucre (including the glands) 5-6 lin. in
‘lam., obconic-cup-shaped, glabrous, green, with 4 glands and 5
inflexed-connivent subquadrate ciliate lobes ; glands } in. long and
broad, ascending-spreading, deeply divided into 3-4 subulate finger-
like lobes with white-margined pits along the inner side, and an
oblong white lobe inflexed over the cavity in the basal part of the
gland ; ovary exserted and curved to one side ; styles 2-3 lin. long,
united to about the middle, ascending-spreading above, with dilated
Somewhat 2-lobed tips; capsule erect, } in. in diam., with
3 slight rounded lobes glabrous. Willd. Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol.
300 EUPHORBIACE# (Brown). [ Huphorbia.
501; Poir. Encyel. Suppl. ii. 610 ; Spreng. Syst. Veg. iti. 787 ; Boiss.
in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 87; Berger in Monatsschr. fiir Kakt. xv. 62
with fig., and Sukk, Euphorb, 106, fig. 28. E. patula, Sweet, Hort.
Suburb. Lond. 107, and Hort. Brit. ed. i. 356, not of Miller. Dacty-
lanthes patula, Haw. Syn. Pl. Suce. 132. Medusea patula, Klotzsch
a Garcke in Abhandl. Akad. Berlin, 1860, 61.
SourH Arrica: without locality, cultivated specimens !
Described from living plants cultivated at Kew, received from South Africa
without indication of locality. This species is closely allied to E. globosa, Sims,
but is decidedly different in its elongated cylindric stem-joints, which even where
they are subglobose are different in appearance, and the involucres seem always to
have only 4 glands, whilst in FE. globosa there are constantly 5. There are
certainly two forms of this plant, which, whilst not strictly unisexual, seem to
have a tendency to be so. The short-jointed form when out of flower looks
specifically distinct from the long-jointed form, but the flowers are identical, and
by its shorter and stouter peduncles and by usually perfecting fruit, I am inclined
to believe it to represent the female form of the plant, although the long-jointed
form also develops fruit. It has been in cultivation for over 100 years, yet no
wild specimens seem to have been collected.
79. E. globosa (Sims in Bot. Mag. t. 2624); plant (excl. the
flowers) 1-3 in. high, succulent, spineless, consisting of a cluster of
branches superposed or connected together like beads on a string ;
branches or joints usually depressed-globose, thicker than long and
$-1 in. in diam., but sometimes ellipsoid, obovoid or clavate and
‘-1 in. long, 1-1} in. thick, marked in a somewhat tessellate
manner by impressed lines into irregularly 6-angled flattish or
slightly prominent tubercles, with a slightly raised leaf-scar at
their centre, glabrous, dull green or purplish where exposed to the
sun, not glaucous, becoming pale grey or brownish with age; leaves
rudimentary, deciduous, {-14 lin. long, lanceolate, acute, erect or
spreading ; peduncles terminal, some not more than 1—2 lin. long,
bearing 1 involucre and usually perfecting fruit, others (and the
more numerous) 4-3 in. long, bearing about 2 minute leaves near
the base and a whorl of 3-4 larger ovate or elliptic-lanceolate acute
leaves 2-24 lin. long and 1 lin. broad under the solitary involucre
at the apex, occasionally they fork 1-3 times into a lax cyme and
bear three to several involucres, male or perfecting fruit, glabrous ;
involucre (including the glands) }—2 in. in diam., obconic, glabrous,
green, with 5 glands and 5 inflexed-connivent quadrate entire
minutely ciliate lobes; glands ascending-spreading, 2—3 lin. long
and nearly quite as broad, deeply divided into 3-4 subulate green
segments with minute white-margined pits scattered along their
upper side and a white and pitted margin to the cavity in the
united basal part, which has a small white lobe folded over it;
capsule very obtusely and slightly 3-lobed, exserted and curved to
one side, glabrous ; styles 14 lin. long, united for about half their
length, slightly spreading above and slightly thickened at the entire
tips. ADC. Sept. Not. Pl. Rar. Genév. 24, t. 5; Boiss. in DC.
Prodr, xv. ii. 87; Berger, Sukk. Euphorb. 104, fig. 27.; Marloth in
P<
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE (Brown). 301
Wissensch. Ergebn. Deutsch. Tiefsee-Exped. ii. iii. 249, fiy. 103, 2.
Dactylanthes globosa, Haw. in Phil. Mag. 1823, 382. Medusea
globosa, Klotzsch d: Garcke in Abhandl, Akad. Berlin, 1860, 61.
Coast Region: Uitenhage Div. ; near Redhouse, Mrs. Paterson, 670! near
Zwartkops, Marloth! Albany Diy. ; near Grahamstown, Brett in Herb. Diimmer,
627! Rogers! Bedford Div.; Melrose, Eastpoort, Burtt-Davy, 12290! and
cultivated specimens !
Described from living plants cultivated at Kew.
80. E. pistiefolia (Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 93); tuber elon-
gated, fusiform, 1-1} in. in diam., bearing a crown of leaves and
flowers at the apex; leaves all in a radical rosette, apparently
pressed upon the ground, 3—2 in. long, }—1 in. broad, elliptic, obtuse
or notched at the apex, rather abruptly narrowing into the petiole,
glabrous on both sides, reticulately veined beneath (Burchell) ;
peduncles often numerous, }-1 in. long, usually bearing a small
cyme or umbel of 3-5 involucres, pubescent or glabrous ; bracts
under the involucres 14-24 lin. long, 14-2} lin. broad, obovate,
very obtuse to subacute, puberulous, those at the base of the cyme
larger and up to 4 lin. long; involucres 13-24 lin. in diam., the
male larger than the female, cup-shaped, puberulous outside, with
5 glands and 5 subquadrate toothed lobes ; glands of the male {—-1}
and of the female 4—3 lin. in their greater diam., transverse, oblong
or elliptic, entire, with a slight depression near the inner margin ;
capsule 21 lin. in diam., subglobose-tricoccous, velvety pubescent,
subsessile, but exserted from the involucre; styles } lin. long,
shortly united at the base, spreading, deeply bifid at the tips, with
diverging lobes; seeds 1-11 lin. Jong, ellipsoid, abruptly acute at
one end, obscurely 4-angled, minutely tuberculate, dark grey.
Tithymalus Eckloni, Klotzsch & Gareke in Abhandl. Akad, Berlin,
1860, 68,
Coast Recion: Tulbagh Div. ; near Wolseley, Diels, 1002! Caledon Div. ;
hills near Caledon, Bolus! Bredasdorp Div. ; near Elim, Guthrie, 3816! Bolus,
7851! Swellendam Div. ; near Swellendam, Leklon & Zeyher, Euphorb. 16!
Drége, 8195! Riversdale Div, ; near Zoetemelks River, Burchell, 6678! 6704!
near Riversdale, Bolus, 11378! Muir, 298! Zoetemelksfontein, Muir in Herb.
Galpin, 5330! Tygerfontein, Galpin, 4561!
81. E. tuberosa (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 456, and Amen, Acad. iii.
117) ; a diwcious perennial herb, 1}-3 in. high, with an elongated
perpendicular tuber 1—1 in. thick; leaves all radical, ascending-
Spreading, subcoriaceous, quite glabrous or puberulous on the
petiole and midrib beneath; petiole $1} in. long; blade {-2 in.
long, 41-12 lin. broad, oblong or somewhat lanceolate-oblong,
usually slightly narrowing from the subtruncate, subcordate or
more or less cuneate base to the Per tetunelea 17 —
apex, sometimes crisped at the margins ; peduncles 1—/ to a plant,
{2 in. long, naked ‘ati with a pair or whorl of 3-4 sessile bracts
at the base of the umbel, glabrous or puberulous ; bracts 2-3 lin.
302 EUPHORBIACE (Brown). [ Luphorbia.
long, elliptic-obovate, elliptic-oblong or suborbicular, rounded at
the apex, glabrous or pubescent on the underside ; umbel with 2-4
simple 1-flowered rays 1-3 in. long, glabrous or puberulous ;
involucre unisexual, sessile, 2-24 lin. in diam. and 14-1? lin. deep
when dried, cup-shaped, glabrous or puberulous, with 5 glands and
5 subquadrate toothed lobes; glands about 1 lin. in their greater
diam., transversely elliptic-oblong, entire; ovary puberulous, at
first more or less included, in fruit exserted on a pedicel about as
long as the involucre; styles 1-1} lin. long, united for half their
length, with spreading 2-lobed tips, puberulous or glabrous ; capsule
5-34 lin. in diam., depressed globose-trigonous ; seeds 1} lin. long,
ovoid, subacute at one end, rugulose all over, faintly greenish-grey
when ripe, reddish when immature. Lam. Encycl. ii. 428; Willd.
Sp. Pl. ii. 905; Thunb. Prodr. 86, and Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 405 ;
Haw. Miscell. Nat. 185; Spreng. Syst. Veg. iti. 797; Bernh. in
Flora, 1845, 87, and in Krauss, Beitr. Fl. Cap- und Natal. 150;
Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 93; Marloth in Wissensch. Ergebn.
in Abhandl. Akad. Berlin, 1860, 68.—T. tuberosus, acaulos, dc.
Burm. Rar. Afr. Pl. 9, t. 4. T. humilis, foliis Lapathi, Buxb. Cent.
ii. 27, ¢. 23.
Coast Recion: Van Rhynsdorp Div. ; Kanagas Berg, Zeyher, 3855 ! Malmes-
bury Div. ; near Hopefield, Bachmann, 653! 1047! 2030! Tulbagh Div. ; Saron,
Schlechter, 7876! Cape Div.; near Tyger Berg, Burchell, 969! various places
around Cape Town, Sparrman! Thunberg! Burchell, 8416! 8579! Krauss, 1726,
Pappe! Harvey, 27! Drége, 175! Burke! Prior! Wolley-Dod, 2994! Schlechter,
821! Marloth, 4882! Dimmer, 79! Simons Bay, Wright, 450! Honey Klip,
Mund & Maire! Stellenbosch Div. ; Lowrys Pass, Schlechter !
82. E. elliptica (Thunb. Prodr, 86, and Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 405) ;
a stemless tuberous-rooted herb, unisexual ; tuber ellipsoid, fusiform
or somewhat tapering, 3-2 in. thick, dark brown ; leaves all radical,
deciduous ; petiole }—4 in. long; blade 1-4 in. long, 1-6 lin. broad,
linear to elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse or occasionally acute and some-
what folded together at the apex, tapering at the base or from
below the middle into the petiole, entire, glabrous on both sides, of
a very dark and somewhat bluish-green above, paler beneath ;
peduncles in the axils of the leaves, 1-5 in. long, minutely
puberulous, with an umbel of 3-5 rays }-1 in. long at their apex
and a whorl of 3-5 bracts at the base of the umbel; rays with
1-3 involucres ; bracts sessile, 2—5 lin. long, 1-3 lin. broad, obovate,
ovate or elliptic, acute or obtuse and apiculate, glabrous above,
puberulous beneath; involucres 2-3 lin. in diam., cup-shaped,
puberulous outside, green, with 5 dark purple-brown or blackish-
brown glands and 5 small oblong fringed lobes; glands not con-
tiguous, spreading, }-2 lin. in their greater diam., transverse,
suboblong, subelliptic or very broadly and shortly wedge-shaped,
entire, usually nearly straight on the outer margin ; capsule erect,
\
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). 303
sessile, | in. in diam., trigonous-subglobose, pubescent ; styles $ lin.
long, united into a column for half their length, then spreading
and deeply bifid, with widely diverging lobes at the apex; seeds
1} lin. long, ellipsoid or subglobose, obscurely pointed at one end,
reticulately rugose, olive-brown. Bernh. in Flora, 1845, 87, and in
Krauss, Beitr. Fl, Cap- und Natal. 150; Boiss. in DO. Prodr. xv. ii.
93. LE. silenifolia, Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. i. 356. Tithymalus sileni-
folius, Haw. Rev. Pl. Suce. 61. T. Bergii and T. longepetiolatus,
Klotzsch d Garcke in Abhandl. Akad. Berlin, 1860, 68. TT. attenu-
atus and T. ellipticus, Klotzsch d Gareke, lc. 69.
Soutn Arrica: without locality, Thunberg !
Coast Recion: Cape Div. ; various localities, Burchell, 94! 8447! Bergius,
168! Ecklon & Zeyher, 18! Krauss, 1728! Harvey, 440! Pappe! Prior! Wilms,
3625 ! Scott-Elliot, 1058! Pillans! Phillips, 713! Diimmer, 362! Rogers, 2377 !
2578! Marloth, 4414! 4887! Caledon Div. ; at the foot of the Zwart Berg, Bolus,
7474! Caledon, Marloth, 4890 ! Knysna Div. ; near Knysna River Ford, Burchell,
5534! Humansdorp Div. ; Kruisfontein, Galpin, 4565! Uitenhage Div.; Van
Stadens Berg, Heklon & Zeyher, 19! Winterhoek Mountains, Krauss, 1729! Port
Elizabeth Div. ; sand dunes near Port Elizabeth, Bolus, 2680! Mrs. Paterson,
1143! Drége! Albany Div.; Rockcliffe, near Sidbury, Miss Daly, 825! near
Grahamstown, Misses Daly & Sole, 197! Bathurst Div.; between Kasuga River
and Port Alfred, Burchell, 3956 !
83, E. crispa (Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. i. 356) ; a stemless tuberous-
rooted herb, unisexual ; tuber ellipsoid or ovoid, sometimes divided
at the top (from injury ?) into cylindric subterranean branches, dark
brown ; leaves all radical, deciduous; petiole 4-2 in. long; blade
3-2 in, long, 24-5 lin. broad, lanceolate to elliptic, obtuse and
usually slightly folded together at the apex, more or less cuneate
at the base, wavy on the margin, entire, glabrous on both sides, or
pubescent beneath ; peduncles in the axils of the leaves, }-1} in.
long, glabrous or pubescent, with an umbel of 2-5 rays in the male
and a solitary involucre or a 2—3-rayed umbel in the female, and
2-5 bracts at the base of the umbel or involucre; rays with 1
involucre ; bracts sessile, 14-2} lin. long, 14-2} lin. broad, obovate
or elliptic-oblong to suborbicular, obtuse or broadly rounded and
more or less apiculate at the apex, glabrous or pubescent ; involucre
sessile between the bracts, 21-3 lin. in diam., cup-shaped, glabrous
or pubescent, with 5 glands and 5 oblong toothed and ciliate lobes ;
glands not contiguous, spreading, 4—1 lin. in their greater diam.,
transverse, suboblong, borne upon short flat stalks, apparently
greenish-yellow ; capsule erect, } in. in diam., trigonous-subglobose,
pubescent, with a puberulous crenate ring at its base and seated on
a short puberulous pedicel much shorter than the involucre ; styles
about 3 lin. long, united into a column for nearly half their length,
with spreading deeply bifid arms ; seeds 13-2 lin. long, oblong or
subglobose-oblong, abruptly acute at one end, truncate at the other,
varying from nearly smooth with a ridge or ring of tubercles near
the truncate end to irregularly tuberculate all over, dark brown,
Opaque. _E. elliptica, var. undulata, Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. il. 93.
Tithymalus crispus, Haw. Rev. Pl. Suce. 61.
304 EUPHORBIACE.E (Brown). | Luphorbia.
Coast REGION: Clanwilliam Div. ; foothills of the Cold Bokkeveld Mountains
opposite Warm Baths, Stephens, 7217! lower slopes of Olifants River Mountains,
Stephens, 7225! Malmesbury Div. ; near Hopefield, Bachmann! Zwartland,
Bachmann, 1048! :
CENTRAL ReGion : Calvinia Div,; Hantam, Meyer! Ceres Div. ; Karroo Poort,
Alston in Herb, Marloth, 5279 !
WESTERN Recion: Van Rhynsdorp Div. ; Gift Berg, Phillips, 7392! 7634!
This is so closely related to EH. elliptica that I feel doubtful if it ought to be
muintained as distinct from that species. But as Haworth, who described from
living plants, considered it to be different, and Dr. Marloth, who must be well
acquainted with £. elliptica in the living state, has recently sent it to Kew asa
supposed new species, I retain it. The chief differences appear to be the wavy or
crisped margins of its proportionately shorter and broader leaves, fewer involucres
to a peduncle and apparently different colour of the glands of the involucre. The
seeds seem also to be larger, more oblong and differently sculptured, but I
have only seen seeds from one specimen of JZ. elliptica. It requires further
investigation.
84. E. bupleurifolia (Jacq. Hort. Schoeubr. i. 55, t. 106, and
Fragm. 68, t. 101, fig. 2); plant unisexual; stems subglobose,
obovoid or cylindric, rising 1-9 in. above the ground, 14—2? in.
thick, tuberculate, glabrous, brown or brownish-green ; tubercles
crowded, 14-2 lin. prominent, transverse, subrhomboid-trigonous,
with a leaf-scar at the apex; leaves in a tuft at the apex of the
stem, 1}—6 in. long, }—-} in. broad, spathulate-lanceolate, acute,
tapering into a rather long petiole, entirely glabrous or the petiole
more or less puberulous, deciduous ; peduncles several to a plant,
solitary in the axils of the leaves, }-2} in. long, bearing a pair of
bracts and 1 involucre at the apex, puberulous or velvety ; bracts
4-5} lin. long, 43-10 lin. broad, suborbicular to reniform, very
obtuse, apiculate, entirely glabrous or puberulous at the base, forming
a cup around the involucre, green ; involucre sessile, unisexual, 3-5
lin. in diam., cup-shaped, glabrous or puberulous, with 5 glands and
3 rectangular or subquadrate lobes cut to their middle into several
segments ; glands 1—2 lin. in their greater diam., transverse, oblong
or somewhat half circular, 2-lipped from the inner margin being
incurved and forming a slight pocket-like cavity, entire or minutely
crenulate ; capsule 44 lin. in diam., obtusely trigonous, glabrous,
erect, exserted on a puberulous pedicel as long as the involucre ;
styles united in a column 14-2 lin. long, with spreading bifid tips
3-1 lin. long; seeds 2 lin. long, ovoid, pointed, smooth, pale
greyish-brown. Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 888; Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, iii.
158; Poir. Encycl. Suppl. ii. 609; Spreng. Syst. Veg. iti. 787 ;
Bernh. in Flora, 1845, 87, and in Krauss, Beitr. Fl. Cap- und Natal.
150; E. Meyer in Drege, Zwei Pf. Documente, 184 as to letter “a”
not “b”; Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 92; Hook. in Bot. Mag.
t. 3476; Goebel, Pflanzenbiol. Schilderung. i. t. 1, fig. 1; Berger,
Sukk. Euphorb. 125. E. proteifolia, Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 92.
Tithymalus bupleurifolius, Harv. Syn. Pl. Suce. 138; Klotzsch &
Garcke in Abhandl. Akad. Berlin, 1860, 81.
Coast REcIon: Albany Div. ; near Grahamstown, Bolton! Misses Daly & Sole,
308! Queenstown Div. ; near Queenstown, 3600-3800 ft., Galpin, 1562!
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). 305
mountain summit near Bongolo Nek, 5000 ft., Galpin, 7951! East London Div. ;
near East London, Wood, 3251! Komgha Diy. ; near Komgha, 2000 ft., Flanagan,
1315! Eastern Frontier, MacOwan, 649! British Kaffraria, Cooper, 151 !
Eastern Reaion : Transkei; Krielis Country, Bowker ! Kentani district, near
Black Rock Cove, Miss Pegler, 649! Tembuland ; mountains around Bazeia, Baur,
250 ! Natal; Camperdown, Gerrard, 1174! near Durban, Drége; near Pieter-
maritzburg, Krauss, 106b; Inanda, Wood, 228! and without precise locality,
Gerrard, 655!
This well marked species forms a connecting link between the tuberous-rooted
group to which £. tuberosa and E. elliptica belong and the group with succulent
tuberculate stems, through such species as 7. clandestina and E. Davyi. For it is
evident that the succulent stem of E. bupleurifolia is merely an above ground
development of the subterranean tubers of the HE. tuberosa group, its large
Seoinons leaves and the character of the inflorescence being quite of the same
nature,
85. E. clandestina (Jacq. Hort. Schoenbr. iv. 43, t. 484); stem
solitary, unbranched (always?), 4-1 ft. (or perhaps more) high,
1-1} in. thick, cylindric ‘or cylindric-clavate, fleshy, spineless,
covered with slightly recurved or ascending stout tubercles 2—4 lin.
prominent, in several spiral series, and bearing when in flower a
crown of leaves at the apical part with solitary sessile involucres
surrounded by and included in a cup formed of bracts in their axils,
minutely puberulous on the upper part, becoming glabrous below ;
leaves terminating the tubercles, 3-14 in. long, 1-2 lin. broad,
linear or linear-oblanceolate, acute and slightly recurved at the
apex, tapering to the base, more or less longitudinally folded, some-
what fleshy, minutely puberulous beneath, at least at the basal
part ; bracts 7-9, imbricate ; inner series 2 lin. long, 1-1} lin.
broad, ovate-oblong, obtuse, apiculate, glabrous, ciliate, green ;
outer series gradually smaller and more or less puberulous on the
back, purple; involucre sessile, about half as long as the inner
bracts, about 11 lin. in diam., cup-shaped, minutely puberulous,
with 5-7 glands and 5 subquadrate minutely toothed lobes; glands
3-3 lin. in their greater diam., transverse, narrowly oblong, entire,
puberulous on the under side, glabrous on the upper, yellow ; capsule
Sessile, twice as long as the involucre, 2} lin. in diam., subglobose,
slightly harrowing at the top, with 3 slight furrows, minutely
puberulous ; styles free, } lin. long, spreading, shortly bifid at the
apex ; seeds not seen. Poir. Encycl. Suppl. ii. 610; Spreng. Syst.
veg. lil. 787 ; Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 92 ; Berger, Sukk. Euphorb.
Coast Recion: Swellendam Div. ; Hessaquas Kloof, Zeyher, 3847! Riversdale
Div. ; Plattebosch, Muir, 282 !
86. E, Davyi (N. E. Br.); very dwarf, succulent, spineless ;
Soay or main stem of the plant subglobose to elongated-obconic or
obovoid, with the greater part buried in the ground and only rising
—1} in. above it, about 21 in. in diam. in the only specimen seen,
Subtruncate or broadly rounded at the top, covered with large
rhomboid tubercles and bearing a lax crown of branches in 2-3
FL. C.—vVOL. V.—SECT. IL. x
306 EUPHORBIACE (Brown). [ Euphorbia.
series around the top, but none at the central part, glabrous, light
green at the top, brown at the sides ; tubercles on the top of the
plant laterally compressed, 5-9 lin. long, 3-6 lin. broad and 3-4}
lin. prominent, becoming with age as they pass to the sides of the
stem compressed from above and twice as broad as long ; branches
arising between the tubercles, erect, curved at the base, finally
deciduous, 14-3 in. long, $—in. thick (including the tubercles),
cylindric, leafy at the tips when growing, covered with conical
tubercles 14-2 lin. prominent and very much smaller than those on
the main stem ; leaves terminating the tubercles of the branches
(none seen on the main stem), 3—1} in. long, }-1} lin. broad, linear
or linear-lanceolate, acute, with a minute dorsal point at the apex,
shortly narrowed to the sessile base, entire, longitudinally folded,
fleshy, glabrous; peduncles solitary in the axils of the tubercles
among the leaves at the apex of the stem, 1-1} lin. long, becoming
2-5 lin. long in fruit, bearing 1 involucre and 4—6 deciduous oblong
acute scale-like bracts 3-11 lin. long, minutely ciliate on their
margins; involucres } in. in diam., cup-shaped, glabrous, with
5 glands and 5 transverse subrectangular toothed or fringed lobes ;
glands not contiguous, apparently green, 1 lin. in their greater
diam., transversely elliptic-oblong, with the inner margin turned up
(perhaps flat when alive) and with 2-3 subulate teeth }—} lin. long
or one of them shorter on the outer margin; capsule sessile, not
seen mature, apparently about 3-3} lin. in diam., obtusely some
what 3-lobed, glabrous ; styles stout, united into a column about
1} lin. long, with thick spreading channelled stigmas } lin. long.
Katanart Recion: Transvaal; near Pretoria, Kirk, 48! Warm Bath, in
Waterberg district, Burtt-Davy, 5562! Springbok Flats, Burtt-Davy, 2196 !
87, E. ramiglans (N. E. Br.); plant probably similar in habit
to E. Gorgonis, Berger, but only a few branches seen, evidently
taken from a larger body; branches 1-1} in. long, $—3 in. thick
(dried), covered with crowded rhomboid conical tubercles 14-2 lin.
prominent, tipped with a whitish leaf-scar, glabrous ; leaves in @
small tuft at the apex of the branches, 34-44 lin. long, linear,
obtuse or subacute, channelled down the face, glabrous ; peduncles
solitary in the axils of the tubercles at the tips of the branches,
1}-2 lin. long, bearing 1 involucre and 2 or 3 small and very
deciduous bracts; involucre 34-4 lin. in diam., shallowly cup-
shaped, glabrous outside, with 5 glands and 5 erect subquadrate
2-toothed lobes and filled with white-woolly stamens; glands
spreading, subcontiguous, 7-14 lin. in their greater diam., trans
versely oblong, with 4-6 filiform processes 3—-} lin. long on the
outer margin, very much-branched at their tips; ovary sessile,
sprinkled with rather long hairs; styles united to the top into 4
slender column 13 lin. long, with spreading cuneate and slightly
2-lobed stigmas 4 lin. long ; capsule and seeds not seen.
grees Recion: Little Namaqualand; without precise locality, Bolus,
Luphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). 307
88. E, basutica (Marloth in Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Afr. i. 408,
t. 27, fig. 6, excl. syn.) ; dwarf, succulent, spineless ; main body of
the plant subglobose or obconic, nearly buried in the ground, and
excepting a small central tuberculate area covered over the top with
very numerous (50-60) branches arranged in 4—5 series, forming a
clump about 4 in. in diam. (not sparingly branched as originally
described) ; branches 7-1} in. long, 44-6 lin. thick, simple or
occasionally branching, more or less clavate, covered with trans-
versely rhomboid or subhexagonal tubercles 14-2 lin. in diam, and
2—} lin. prominent, glabrous, green at the upper part, brown below ;
leaves rudimentary, soon deciduous, 1 lin. long, $ lin. broad, lanceo-
late or narrowly elliptic, obtuse, very concave above as if longi-
tudinally folded, very convex beneath, thick and fleshy ; involucres
solitary in the axils of tubercles near the apex of the branches,
subsessile or on peduncles 3-1 lin. long, rather shallowly basin- or
somewhat funnel-shaped, 34-4 lin. in diam., glabrous, with 5 glands
and 5 transversely rectangular deeply toothed lobes ; glands spread-
ing, 13-2 lin. in their greater diam., subcontiguous or slightly
Separated, transversely oblong, with about 6 short entire or denti-
culate teeth along the outer margin, and the entire inner margin
more or less turned up, forming a slight cavity in front of it, some-
what greenish ; ovary sessile, included in the involucre, glabrous ;
styles united into a ‘stout column 2-3 lin. long, scarcely exceeding
the lobes of the involucre, their very stout tips exserted, recurved-
Spreading, entire, broadly cuneate-obovate, channelled down the
face, 2 lin, long and as much in breadth.
Katanart Region: Basutoland; Maseru (not Leribe as originally stated),
Mrs. A, Dieterlen, 415!
Described partly from a branch in fluid accompanied by an excellent life-sized
Photograph from the type plant, communicated by Dr. E. P. Phillips, and partly
m flowers in fluid from the same plant, kindly lent by Dr. Marloth and from
Which he made his original description. Dr. Marloth has, however, unfortunately
identified this plant with H. Caput-Meduse of DC. Plantes Grasses, t. 150, from
which it is entirely different, that plant being FE. Bergeri, N. E. Br., with
different leaves and flowers and much longer persistent peduncles. Also at the
time When the plant figured by De Candolle was introduced, Basutoland was
Practically an unknown country, and the plant could not have come from there.
89. E. Ernesti (N. E. Br.) ; plant not rising more than 1-1} in.
above the ground, succulent, spineless, leafless; main stem obconic
or subeylindric, 1-24 in. thick, partly buried in the ground, covered
on the top nearly or quite to the centre with numerous branches in
Several series, glabrous, dull green or tinted with purple ; branches
radiately spreading or the inner ascending, quite unbranched, with
the inner series 1-1 in. long, subglobose, the others increasingly
longer up to 24 in. long, }—-} in. thick, cylindric, tessellately tuber-
culate, glabrous, green ; tubercles 14-2 lin. in diam., rhomboid or
hexagonal, not very prominent, marked with a whitish leaf-scar ;
leaves rudimentary, 1-2 lin. long, sessile, deltoid-ovate, oblong or
suborbicular, under cultivation becoming 1-1} lin. long ——
x
308 EUPHORBIACE (Brown). [ Euphorbia.
late, with an ovate blade, acute, fleshy, glabrous, soon withering or
deciduous ; involucres sessile or subsessile on the central area of
the top of the main stem and near the apex of the branches, 25-3
lin. in diam., cup-shaped, glabrous, with 5 glands and 5 sub-
quadrate or transversely oblong finely toothed lobes and surrounded
at the base by 3-5 obovate or oblong-obovate subtruncate finely
toothed bracts ; glands rich dazzling golden-yellow (Galpin), }-1 lin.
in their greater diam., transversely oblong, concave, with 2-8 short
teeth on the outer margin ; capsule sessile, 3-34 lin. in diam., very
obtusely 3-lobed, glabrous ; styles }-} lin. long, stout, united into
a column for half their length, with stout cuneate-obovate recurved-
spreading tips; seeds 2 lin. long, ovoid, acute, sometimes very
slightly tuberculate, at others thickly and roughly tuberculate,
dark olive-brown in the examples seen, but not quite ripe.
Coast Recron: Queenstown Diy. ; near Queenstown, on stony plains around
the town and ona dry stony plateau on Hospital Hill, 3500-3600 ft., Galpin,
8066!
Partly described from living plants sent to Kew by Mr. E. E. Galpin, who
states that the flowers are very beautiful and conspicuous.
E. Ernesti differs from E, clavarioides, Boiss., by its main stem rising distinctly
above the ground and not being covered to the centre with branches, also by the
branches being unbranched and all developed entirely above the ground, whilst in
E. clavarioides the branches are partly buried in the ground and with age become
repeatedly branched at their tips. The flowers also of E, Ernesti are rather
larger and more brilliantly coloured than those of EF. clavarioides.
90. E. clavarioides (Boiss. Cent. Euph. 25, and in DC. Prodr.
xv. ii. 91); plant forming a cushion-like mass 2-3 in. high and
4-12 in. in diam. of densely crowded branches, succulent, spineless,
leafless ; rootstock or main stem thick and fleshy, obconic, buried in
the ground and covered to the centre of its flattened top with
crowded branches, which are-also partly or wholly buried in the
ground, as with age (after attaining a length of 1-2 in.) they
branch at the tips and the branchlets again divide in a similar
manner, becoming in turn buried with the development of the
plant; younger branchlets 31-3 in. thick, at first subglobose,
becoming cylindric or clavate and finally greatly thickened, very
obtusely rounded at the apex, tessellately tuberculate, dull green
or purplish-tinted ; tubercles 14-2 lin. in diam., about 4 lin.
prominent, rhomboid or hexagonal, very obtusely and broadly
rounded-conical, with a whitish and not at all impressed leaf-scar
at their apex; leaves rudimentary, soon deciduous, fleshy, }—1 lin.
long, 4—} lin. broad, sessile, ovate or lanceolate, subacute, channelled
down the face, glabrous; involucres sessile at the tips of the
branches, surrounded by 3-5 suborbicular or broadly obovate
ciliate thin seale-like bracts, male and bisexual occurring on the
same plant, cup-shaped, 24-3 lin. in diam. and about 1 lin. deep,
glabrous, with 5 glands and 5 subquadrate or transversely rect-
angular ciliate lobes; glands distant, greenish-yellow (Galpin), 4-1
lin. in their greater diam., transversely oblong, subentire oF
Euphorbia. ] EUPHORBIACE (Brown). 309
minutely toothed or with subulate processes up to lin. long, on
their outer margin; capsule sessile, about % in. in diam., slightly
and very obtusely 3-lobed or trigonous, glabrous ; styles free nearly
to the base, radiating, } lin. long, very stout, broadly wedge-shaped
or with suborbicular stigmas, channelled down the face; seeds
1} lin. in diam., globose-ovoid, abruptly acute, truncate at the
base, minutely tuberculate on the dorsal side and with a broad
smooth stripe on the ventral side, glabrous, dark-brown.
Coast Rraron: Queenstown Div.; on a dry ridge near the summit of a
mountain on the east side of Bongolo Nek, 12 miles from Queenstown, 5000 ft.,
Galpin, 7950!
CrenTRAL Recton ; Graaff Reinet Div.; on the Sneeuwberg Range, 4000-5000
it., Drége, 8200!
The above description is chiefly made from living plants sent to Kew by Mr.
E. E. Galpin of Queenstown, who states that his “7950 grows only in one
spot, so far as I know, on the top of a high mountain.” Drége’s specimens, on
which the species was founded, are merely branches or branchlets, but these in
some cases are distinctly branched at the tips as in the Queenstown plant, and in
size, shape, tuberculation and flowers seem quite to accord with that plant.
91. E. truncata (N. E. Br.); plant very dwarf, not rising more
than 14-3 in. above the ground, succulent, leafless and spineless,
dicecious, consisting of a thick fleshy obconic body tapering into the
root-system and buried nearly to the top in the ground, producing
on the top a crowded mass of branches to the very centre, all rising
to the same level, forming a flat-topped or slightly convex (with age)
mass 3-8 in. (or perhaps more) in diam.; branches on the outer
part 1-2? in. and those at the centre about } in. long, 4-3 in.
thick, simple or the outer branched at their tips, subcylindric or
more or less compressed by mutual pressure, tessellately tuberculate,
truncate at the apex when alive or when dried often obtusely
rounded, glabrous, green or more or less brownish where exposed
to the sun at the tips only, brown elsewhere; tubercles at first
about as long as broad and 14-14 lin. in diam. becoming broader
than long, rhomboid and arranged in crowded spirals, not very
prominent ; leaves rudimentary, soon deciduous, 1-14 lin. long,
3 lin. broad, oblong or lanceolate, acute, channelled down the face,
fleshy, glabrous ; involucres sessile in the axils of the tubercles at
the apex of the branches, about 1 lin. long and 24 lin. in diam.,
cup-shaped, glabrous, with 5 glands and 5 transversely rectangular
toothed lobes ; glands not contiguous, 1 lin. in their greater diam.,
transversely oblong, with a depression across their centre and 3-5
teeth 4} lin. long on their outer margin, apparently yellow 3 ovary
subsessile, trigonous, without a calyx, thinly sprinkled with rather
long hairs ; styles 3 lin. long, very shortly united at the base, very
stout, much ‘inted or suborbicular and channelled at the spreading
Katanart Recon: Transvaal; near Lydenburg, Wilms, 1339! Standerton,
gant Dewy, 1953! Irene, Miss Leendertz, 670! Johannesburg, Miss Leendertz,
!
Eastern Recron : Natal, Estcourt, Kolbe!
310 EUPHORBIACE (Brown). [ Zuphorbia:
Partly described from a living plant (Burtt-Davy, 1953) received at Kew in
October, 1904. This species is closely allied to E. clavarioides, Boiss., but seems
to be well distinguished by the branches being usually quite simple, rather stouter
when dried, with less prominent tubercles, and (when alive) truncate at the top,
but becoming rounded when dried, all reaching to nearly the same level, forming
a flat or slightly convex top to the plant. The ovary also is thinly hairy ; whilst
in E. clavarioides the branches form a more or less convex cushion-like mass and
are constantly branched at their tips, obtusely rounded at the apex when alive,
and the ovary is glabrous. According to a note, this species is widely distributed
in the Transvaal and Orange River Colony, growing in clayey soil on the borders
of Vleys. Goats eat it greedily. It has a strong odour like that of mice,
92, E. esculenta (Marloth in Trans. Roy. Soc. 8. Afr. i. 319);
very dwarf, succulent, spineless and leafless; main stem buried in
the ground nearly to the top, club-shaped or obconic, 4-8 in. thick,
with the central part of the flat or slightly depressed top covered
with conical acute tubercles and the outer part bearing a rosette (in
old plants attaining to 18 in. in diam.) of very numerous crowded
branches in several series, glabrous, green on the young parts,
becoming pale brown with age; branches radiately spreading, 2-5
in. long, 4-1 in. thick, cylindric or the outermost tapering from the
base to the obtuse apex, quite unbranched, tessellately tuberculate ;
tubercles densely crowded in many spirals, flattish, scarcely or but
very slightly prominent, 14-3 lin. in diam., usually a little longer
than broad, obovate-rhomboid or subhexagonal, with a minute
central leaf-scar; leaves rudimentary, minute, soon deciduous ;
peduncles clustered at the ends of the branches, 4-2 lin. long;
stout, with 2-3 alternate and 2 opposite bracts and 1 involucre,
glabrous, not persisting more than one season; bracts oblong or
oblong-spathulate, glabrous, ciliate ; involucres 13-24 lin. in diam.,
broadly and shallowly cup-shaped, glabrous except on the back of
the lobes, with 5-6 glands and 5-6 broad transversely oblong
ciliate lobes and densely filled with white-woolly bracteoles ; glands
distant, reflexed and closely pressed to the involucre, $-1 lin. in
their greater diam., transverse and somewhat reniform or irregular
in outline, more or less deeply fissured and sometimes divided into
2 or more parts, rather thick and fleshy, convex, slightly corrugated,
brown ; ovary sessile, glabrous ; styles united into a column about
1 lin. long with recurved-spreading arms }—3 lin. long, with very
large stigmas deeply channelled down the face; capsule and seeds
not seen. Marloth in Wissensch. Ergebn. Deutsch. Tiefsee-Exped. ii.
iii, fig. 102, 2.
2 CENTRAL REcIon: Jansenville Div. ; Klipplaat, Marloth, 4162! common also
in Graaff Reinet and Aberdeen Div., Marloth! Willowmore Diy. ; near Willow-
more, Brauns!
_ Described from living plants sent to Kew by Dr. S. Schinland and branches
from the type plant and a photograph from Dr. Marloth. According to Dr.
Marloth, this plant affords ‘‘a very nutritious food for stock in times of drought
and formerly was occasionally roasted in the ashes for human use, The involucres
are sweet-scented, like violets.” :
93. E. gatbergensis (N. E. Br.) ; very dwarf, succulent, spineless ;
body of the plant 14-24 in. (or perhaps more) in diam., subglobose
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). 311
(or obconic?), flattened at the top, with a crown of radiating
branches surrounding a large central area densely covered with
conical tubercles, glabrous ; branches in about 3 series, radiating,
the outer 3-1} in. long and 3-4 lin. thick (dried), the inner
gradually shorter, cylindric, very obtuse, covered with small slightly
prominent tubercles about 14 lin. in diam. ; leaves soon deciduous,
1-3 lin. long, linear-lanceolate, acute, spreading or erect, only
present at the tips of growing branches, glabrous ; involucres sessile
or on peduncles 4-1 lin. long, surrounded by 3-4 subquadrate
toothed membranous scale-like bracts, produced at the cireum-
ference of the central area and on the very young branches, about
3 lin. in diam., cup-shaped, glabrous, with 5 glands and 5 sub-
quadrate many-toothed lobes; glands 1-1} lin. in their greater
diam., transversely oblong or elliptic-oblong, sometimes nearly or
quite entire, at others with few or several short teeth along the
outer margin, probably concave, as in dried specimens the outer
and inner margins are often infolded, apparently greenish or
greenish-yellow ; ovary sessile, glabrous; styles united into a
column 3-2 lin. long, with spreading broadly cuneate arms }—3
lin. long, slightly notched at the apex; capsule and seeds not
seen,
Eastern Region: Tembuland ; near Gat Berg, 3000-3500 ft., Baur, 251!
94, E. pugniformis (Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 92); dwarf,
succulent, spineless; main body of the plant subglobose, partly
buried in the ground, truncate at the top, with a large slightly
depressed branchless central area covered with tubercles and
producing flowers and branches around its circumference; branches
in about 2-3 series, radiately spreading or slightly ascending, }-1}
in. long, 3-4 lin. thick at the base, cylindric, but slightly tapering
towards the tips, covered with numerous rhomboid or subhexagonal
tubercles about 1-11 lin. in diam., marked with a dusky leaf-scar,
glabrous ; leaves 2-3 lin. long, linear-lanceolate, acute, deciduous ;
involucres produced around the margin of the central area of the ©
main body of the plant, on peduncles 1-2 lin. long, apparently
shallowly basin-shaped, with 5 entire elliptic whitish-green glands ;
capsule sessile, somewhat bluish, glabrous; styles rather long,
apparently slender ; seeds small, oblong, glabrous, brown. _ E. pro-
cumbens, Sweet, Hort. Suburb. Lond. 107, and Hort. Brit. ed. i. 356,
ey of Miller, nor of N. E. Br. nor Berger. E. Caput-Meduse, var. 5,
Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 452.—Euphorbium humile procumbens, dc. Burin.
Rar. Afr. Pl. 20, t. 10, fig. 1.
Sours Arrica: without locality, Burmann.
This species is only known from Burmann’s figure, no specimens that have been
Seen agree with it in the possession of entire ovate or roundish glands to the
involucre, which are represented in the figure as being as long as or longer than
broad. It clearly belongs to the group where the branches do not cover the top
of the main stem and seems near to E. Gorgonis, but the longer leaves and shape
and colour of the glands of the involucre clearly distinguish it from that species.
312 EUPHORBIACE (Brown). [ Huphorbia.
95. E. Gorgonis (Berger in Engl. Jahrb. xlv. 230) ; very dwarf,
succulent, spineless ; main body of the plant globose or obconic,
2-4 in. in diam., with a crown of short radiating branches in 3-5
series around a branchless flat or depressed central area or disc
1-2 in. in diam, ; disc covered with acute conical tubercles 1-24 lin.
prominent and as much in diam., glabrous, dull green or more or
less tinged with purplish ; branches 1-1 in. long or under cultiva-
vation up to 2 in. long, 3-5 lin. thick, cylindric or the younger
globose, covered with small 5—6-angled conical acute tubercles 14-2
lin. in diam. and }—1 lin. prominent, glabrous, green or tinged with
purplish, not glaucous; leaves rudimentary, only present on the
young growth and soon deciduous, $—1 lin. (or under cultivation up
to 14 lin.) long, }—2 lin. broad, lanceolate or elliptic, acute, glabrous ;
peduncles 2-5 lin. long, solitary in the axils of the tubercles of the
disc and branches, erect, stout, bearing 1 involucre and 3—5 minute
seale-like ciliate bracts, glabrous; involucre 24-23 lin. in diam.,
cup-shaped, glabrous, with 5 glands of a rich dark purple-brown and
5 short broadly rounded or transversely oblong dull purplish white-
ciliate lobes ; glands vertically deflexed, or deflexed-spreading, {-14
lin. in diam., suborbicular, with the side margins reflexed and so
often appearing very broadly ovate, with a notch on the upper
margin and the lower margin entire or notched or as if the apical
part were notched and pinched together and produced into 2 acute
or short subulate teeth or with 3-7 small irregular teeth scattered
along it, minutely pitted, varying even on the same plant (see note
below), usually rich dark crimson or brownish crimson, but under
cultivation sometimes bright red on the same plant at different
seasons, with the subulate points yellow ; capsule sessile or sub-
sessile, 2 lin. in diam., subglobose, slightly 3-grooved, thinly
sprinkled with hairs when young, sometimes nearly or quite
glabrous when ripe ; styles united into a column about 4 lin. long,
with spreading broadly cuneate-obcordate or 2-lobed arms }—2 lin.
long, channelled down their face, green ; seeds 1} lin. long, ovoid,
acute at one end, minutely tuberculate, except along a narrow space
down the ventral side, blackish-grey.
Coast Recion : Uitenhage Div. ; hills between the Sundays River and Zwart-
kops River, Zeyher! The Fountain, Palmer! Port Elizabeth Div. ; North End
Hill, near Port Elizabeth, Mrs. Paterson, 2144! Albany Div. ; near Grahamstown,
MacOwan, 3269, and in Herb. Austr.-Afr., 1957! Schénland, 48 !
Described from a living plant collected at The Fountain by Mr. C. N. Palmer
and sent to me by Mr. Burtt-Davy, who stated that it is ‘‘abundant, and the juice
is used locally for the making of bird-lime ; stock of all kinds is said to be very
fond of the plant.” This species admirably illustrates the effect of our insular
damp climate upon South African plants. When received at the end of June, 1911,
I planted it in the open air at Kew, where it flowered in August, Although the
summer was one of the driest on record, with no rain for 40 days, the short
normal native-grown branches immediately began to elongate, and, as well as the
new ones which formed, produced leaves 2-3 times as large as those that were
native-grown, giving the plant an entirely different appearance as compared with
that which it had when originally received. The English-grown branches are about
24 times as long as those found on South African specimens, ‘
Luphorbia.} EUPHORBIACE (Brown). 313
The glands of the involucre of MacOwan’s specimens differ from the others in
having 3-7 teeth along their outer margin, but this may only be a seasonal
variation, as I have found that the glands on my cultivated plant are not only
variable in this toothing, but one year were of a brilliant red instead of the
brownish-crimson of the previous and following times of flowering.
In Commelin, Hort. Med. Amstelod. i. 33, fig. 17, under the name, Planta
lactaria africana, a species of Huphorbia is represented, which may possibly be
E. Gorgonis. This figure is a very remarkable and instructive one. It represents
an imported plant, whose branches, under the influence of the moister European
climate, have become much elongated and taper upwards into quite slender leafy
portions, resembling those of the ordinary herbaceous species, whilst from the
central part of the main body of the plant arises a branch, evidently developed in
Europe, which is quite slender, terete, without a trace of tubercles and bearing
leaves at the upper part. This branch is exactly like, and (if cut from the plant)
would be mistaken for a young shoot of one of the herbaceous species, and seems
to demonstrate that these dwarf many-branched thick fleshy species of South
Africa, during a very long period of a very slow modification from a moist to a very
climate, have gradually been evolved from perennial herbaceous species, whose
stems or branches have become more and more dwarfed and succulent, and whose
rootstock has become very much thickened into a succulent storehouse of water
on yee as the climate has become dryer, see the Gardeners’ Chronicle, 1914, lvi.
5 aps OL.
Upon this plate of Commelin’s, Isnard in Mem. Acad. Roy. des Sciences, Paris,
1720, 386, founds his Euphorbium anacanthum, angusto Polygoni folio, but the two
Varieties he has placed under it belong to E. Caput-Meduse, Linn., and are
certainly quite distinct from Commelin’s plant.
96. E. passa (N. E. Br.) ; dwarf, succulent, spineless ; main body
of the plant globose, obconic or subcylindric, 2—4 in. thick, pro-
ducing at the top numerous radiately spreading branches around
the circumference of a truncate or slightly depressed tuberculate
central area ; branches 1-8 (or under cultivation sometimes becom-
mg 6-14) in. long, 4-6 lin. thick, cylindric, tuberculate, bright
green ; tubercles rhomboid, 4—6-angled, 14-3 lin. long, 14-2 lin.
broad and 4-3 lin. prominent; leaves 14-4 lin. long, narrowly
linear, acute, concave above, convex beneath, green ; involucres on
peduncles 1-6 lin. long, solitary in the axils of the tubercles of the
central area of the main stem, and at the tips of some of the
branches, often very numerous, 34—4 lin. in diam, cup-shaped,
glabrous, with 5 glands and 5 broadly rounded or transversely
oblong fringed lobes ; glands horizontally spreading, 1 lin. in their
greater diam., transversely oblong or elliptic-oblong, entire to
slightly crenulate on the outer margin, yellow, under cultivation
often changing to orange or to bright red ; ovary acutely 3-angled,
pubescent with rather long hairs, subsessile or very shortly pedicel-
late, included in the involucre ; styles united in a column § lin.
long, with very broad cuneate or obcordate recurved-spreading
Stigmas, notched at the tips, glabrous. E. pugniformis, Baker in
Saund. Ref. Bot, iii. t. 161, not of Boiss. E. procumbens, N. E. Br.
in Bot. Mag. t. 8082, and of Berger, Sukk. Euphorb. 118, exel. all
syns. except the above, not of Miller. :
___ Eastern Region: Natal; Scottsburg, Pole Evans! Umzumbi, 50-150 ft., Wood !
_ and without precise locality, Cooper !
“
314 EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). [ Euphorbia.
Described from a living plant and specimens preserved in fluid. The history of
this plant is somewhat interesting. It was introduced into cultivation by
Mr. T. Cooper in 1862, and from a plant cultivated by himself the figure in
Refugium Botanicum, t. 161, was made, and not (as Mr. Cooper himself informed
me) from a plant in the collection of Mr. Wilson Saunders as there stated, Some
time after, Mr. Cooper sold this plant to Mr. Justus Corderoy, and 36 years later
Mr. Corderoy’s plant was figured in the Botanical Magazine at t. 8082, so that
both figures were actually made from the same individual at a long interval. The
plant subsequently passed into the possession of Kew. At the time I wrote the
account in the Botanical Magazine I was not aware of all this, and took the identi-
fication as given in Refugium Botanicum to be correct, without investigation, but
used for the Botanical Magazine the older name FE. procumbens, Mill., quoted as a
synonym by Mr. Baker. As Mr. Cooper did not recollect where he collected the
plant, it was supposed that he might have got it somewhere in Cape Colony, where
he was about 1860 and, therefore, it might be Miller’s plant. But Dr. J. Medley
Wood has recently sent to Kew a drawing, photographs and branches in fluid of
plants collected near Scottsburg and at Umzumbi, in Natal, which are in every way
absolutely identical with the plant introduced by Mr. Cooper, who probably got
the plant from near the same locality, as he was in Durban, Natal, in 1862.
In Miller’s time, however, Natal was an unexplored land, and the plant _he
described could not have come from that country, and cannot be the same species,
for these plants are mostly very local in their range. The same remark also
applies to the plant figured by Burmann upon which the name ZL. pugniformis
was established by Boissier, which also differs from the Natal plant in having
whitish-green flowers and very different styles. Dr. Wood states that a living
plant found near Scottsburg or the Umkomaas River and taken to Pretoria and
there planted on the rockery near the Botanical Laboratory in Aug., 1913, had by
April, 1914, completely changed its appearance. When first planted at Pretoria
it was quite normal, and a drawing of it was then made, which shows the plant
to have had between 30 and 40 branches, varying from 1-3 in. long, arranged in
about 3 series. When Dr. Wood visited Pretoria eight months later, the plant
then bore 140 branches in many series, of which the inner were 4-6 and the outer
9-14} in. long. This luxuriant growth being doubtless due to change of soil,
climate and elevation.
97, E. Flanagani (N. E. Br.) ; very dwarf, succulent, spineless ;
body of the plant apparently subcylindric or cylindric-obconie and
only rising 1 or 2 in. above the ground, 14-2 in. thick, and with a
crown of 3 or 4 series of branches around the flattened tuberculate
top; branches erect or ascending, }-14 in. long, when dried 24-3
lin. thick, with somewhat tooth-like tubercles, glabrous ; leaves
3-5 lin. long, 4-} lin. broad, linear, acute, channelled down the
face, erect, glabrous ; peduncles very numerous, nearly covering the
top of the plant inside the branches, about 2 lin. long, bearing
1 involucre and a pair of linear-oblong bracts 11-1} lin. long, ciliate
at the apex; involucre } in. in diam., shallowly and broadly cup-
shaped, glabrous, with 4-5 glands and 5 subquadrate or transverse
denticulate lobes; glands distant, spreading, 3-1} lin. in their
greater diam., transversely oblong, subentire or minutely and
irregularly toothed on the outer margin, apparently yellow ; ovary
sessile, puberulous ; styles 1 lin. long, united into a column for
their length, with broadly cuneate 2-lobed spreading arms, glabrous ;
capsule and seeds not seen.
Coast Recion: Komgha Div. ; near Keimouth, Flanagan, 1800 !
This is readily distinguished from E. Woodii, N. E. Br., by its much shorter
branches and hairy ovary. eh oe
Euphorbia. ] EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). 315
98. E. Franksie (N. E. Br.) ; dwarf, succulent, spineless ; main
body of the plant buried in the ground, cylindric or cylindric-
obconic, 13-1? in. thick, covered with small broadly conical
closely placed tubercles about 3-1 lin. prominent on the upper part,
passing into the root below ; branches in about 3 series around the
top (not at the centre) of the plant, erect or ascending, 3-2 in.
long, 24-3 lin. thick when alive, 3-14 lin. thick when dried,
cylindric, covered with rhomboid-oblong tubercles about 2 lin. long,
Pad 3 lin. broad and 4 lin. prominent, or under cultivation, some-
times without distinct tubercles, glabrous, green, not glaucous ;
leaves 1-3 lin. long, linear or the smaller oblong-ovate, acute, more
or less channelled down the face, glabrous ; peduncles arising from
the central part of the top of the main body of the plant inside the
crown of the branches, 4—9 lin. long, erect, bearing 3-4 bracts and
a solitary involucre, glabrous, deciduous ; bracts 14-1} lin. long,
1-1} lin. broad, oblong or subquadrate, very obtuse, ciliate, concave,
submembranous, deciduous ; involucre 34—44 lin. in diam., broadly
cup-shaped, glabrous outside and within, with 5 glands and 5 broadly
rounded ciliate lobes ; glands not contiguous, horizontally spreading,
flat, 14-14 lin. in their greater diam., transversely elliptic-oblong,
or very shortly and often somewhat crenately toothed or subentire
on the outer margin, dull greenish-yellow ; ovary sessile, with a
few thinly scattered straight hairs or almost glabrous ; styles united
into a column 4—3 lin. long, with stout cuneate entire or crenate
arms }$ lin. long and 4-3 lin. broad ; ripe capsule and seeds not
seen,
te TERN Region: Natal; Camperdown, 2000 ft., Miss Franks in Herb. Wood,
This differs from E. Woodii, N. E. Br., in its longer peduncles, and flat
horizontally spreading involucral glands, which are different in colour, have Touch
shorter teeth on their outer margin, and are not notched on the inner margin nor
longitudinally grooved,
99. E. Woodii (N. E. Br.); succulent, spineless; body of the
plant buried in the ground, 3-6 in. long, 14-3 in. thick, cylindric
or ovoid-cylindric, truncate at the top, with the central area covered
with conical acute tubercles and the margin bearing a crown of
series of branches, glabrous, dull green ; branches at first erect,
finally radiately spreading, 1-3} in. long, 3-34 (or when dried 1-2)
lin. thick, cylindric or slightly tapering to the apex, scarcely tuber-
culate, but marked by depressed lines into rhomboid or elongated
areas 14-4 lin. long and 1-1} lin. broad, each bearing a leaf or
leaf-scar close to the upper end, glabrous, green or dull purple
where exposed to the sun; leaves 1-3 lin. long, linear or linear-
lanceolate, acute, fleshy, spreading, glabrous, persisting for some
time ; peduncles usually numerous, solitary from the axils of the
Outer tubercles of the central area of the stem or from the youngest
branches, 1-3} lin. long, bearing about 5 bracts and 1 involucre,
labrous ; bracts 1-1} lin. long, oblong, ovate, obovate, or sub-
316 EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). [ Euphorbia.
orbicular, concave, submembranous, obtuse or acute, glabrous,
ciliate ; involucre 3-4 lin. in diam., broadly and rather shallowly
cup-shaped, glabrous outside, with rather woolly stamens inside,
with 5 glands and 5 transverse subrectangular toothed or ciliate
lobes ; glands separate or contiguous, deflexed-spreading, convex,
often with a longitudinal groove from the upper margin, }-1} lin.
in their greater diam., suborbicular or transversely elliptic or
elliptic-oblong, with 5-10 minute but distinct often recurved teeth
on their outer margin and the inner margin entire or slightly
notched, dull yellow; capsule sessile, 3-3} lin. in diam. and rather
shorter than broad, obtusely 3-lobed, glabrous ; styles united into
a column, }-1 lin. long, with broad cuneate spreading free or
connate arms }—2 lin. long, $—} lin. broad, entire, channelled down
the middle ; seeds 1} lin. Jong, elliptic-ovoid, acute at one end,
truncate at the other, with a slight keel on each side and one down
the back, slightly subreticulate-rugulose on the dorsal and nearly
smooth on the ventral side.
Eastern Recion : Natal ; Clairmont Flat and Durban Flat, 10-50 ft., Wood,
4090! 11803! Umgeni, Wood, 12612!
100. E. discreta (N. E. Br.); very dwarf, succulent, spineless ;
body of the plant globose, in the dried specimens seen about | in.
in diam., but probably attaining to a larger size, laxly covered to
the centre with numerous ascending and spreading branches and
between their bases marked out into large hexagonal areas oF
flattish tubercles, glabrous ; branches 1-24 in. long and 14-5 lin.
thick when dried, cylindric, covered with rhomboid tubercles 15-3
lin. long, 14-2 lin. broad and }-2 lin. prominent, glabrous ; leaves
rudimentary, but present along the whole length of the branches,
3-1} lin. long, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute, spreading,
glabrous ; peduncles solitary in the axils of the tubercles at the
tips of the branches, 14-24 lin. long, bearing 1 involucre and 6-7
membranous oblong ciliate concave bracts #-1 lin. long and } lin.
broad ; involucre about 34 lin. in diam., broadly cup-shaped, glabrous,
with 5 glands and 5 subquadrate ciliate lobes ; glands subcontiguous,
refiexed, 14-1} lin. in their greater diam., transversely elliptic-
oblong, with 7-8 very small teeth or crenulations on the outer
margins ; ovary sessile, very thinly pubescent with a few spreading
and apparently deciduous hairs ; styles free to the base, } lin. long,
stout, ascending-spreading, with dilated slightly notched tips;
capsule and seeds not seen.
Eastern Reeion: Pondoland ; on the banks of the Umzimkulu River near the
sea shore, Bachmann, 757 !
This has some affinity to E. Woodii, N. E. Br., but the body of the plant is
much smaller, the leaves and styles are much shorter, and the glands of the
involucre appear to be more deflexed.
101. E. Huttone (N. E. Br.) ; succulent, spineless, leafless, pro-
bably similar in habit to E. Caput-Meduse or E. esculenta, but only
Euphorbia, | EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). 317
4 branches have been seen, 3-2 in. long, 4-5 lin. thick, cylindric,
tessellately tuberculate, glabrous, simple or slightly branching near
the apex; tubercles 2-24 lin. long, 14-24 lin. broad and scarcely or
but slightly prominent, rhomboid or subhexagonal, marked with a
white leaf-scar; leaves minute, rudimentary, soon deciduous;
peduncles few on each branch, solitary in the axils of the tubercles
at the tips of the branches, about 1} lin. long and 1 ‘lin. thick,
bearing about 5 bracts and 1 involucre ; bracts subquadrate or sub-
orbicular,’about ? lin. in diam., entire, glabrous, deciduous ; involucre
about } in. in diam., broadly and rather shallowly cup-shaped,
glabrous, with 5 glands and 5 rather short transversely oblong
toothed lobes ; glands contiguous or nearly so, apparently deflexed,
1-1} lin. in their greater diam., transverse, rounded on the inner
margin, truncate and toothed or subentire on the outer margin, but
‘not produced into processes, apparently greenish or yellowish-green ;
ovary sessile, glabrous ; styles united to the apex into a column
nearly 1 lin. long, with spreading cuneate subtruncate stigmas ;
capsule and seeds not seen.
Coast Recton: Albany Div. ; Carlisle Bridge, Mrs. Hutton !
102. E. brevirama (N. E. Br.); very dwarf, succulent, spineless,
but with persistent remains of the peduncles on its branches; body
of the plant in the specimen seen 2 in. in diam., obconic, flat at
the top and there marked out by depressed lines into octagonal
flattened areas with a very sbort point at their centre on the outer
part, gradually passing into much smaller hexagonal and very
shortly and obliquely conical tubercles at the central part, pro-
ducing around the outer part of the top about 3 series of very short
branches, glabrous, fleshy, dull green ; branches arising between
the octagonal areas, about 2-4 lin. apart, the outer or longest
about } in. long, the others shorter, cylindric and 2}-3 lin. thick,
but dilated and stouter at the base, obtuse, covered with small
convex hexagonal tubercles about 1 lin. in diam., finally withering
and deciduous or bending down on the main body; leaves very
rudimentary and soon deciduous, $ lin. long, ovate, acute ; peduncles
2-4 to a branch in a season, arising from the axils of the tubercles
at the ends of the branches, spreading, 2—5 lin. long, withering and
persisting, bearing 3-4 minute ciliate deciduous bracts near or at
the middle, distant from the solitary involucre, glabrous, green ;
involucre 13-1? lin. in diam. and about as deep, campanulate,
glabrous outside, dull reddish, with 5 glands and 5 rounded
minutely puberulous lobes; glands distant, about $ lin. in diam.,
erect, circular as seen from above, entire, fleshy, with a rather deep
central cavity, green ; ovary sessile, glabrous ; styles united into a
column 3-1} lin. long, with revolute arms 3-1 lin. long, according
to maturity.
Coast Recion: Jansenville Div. ; near Klipplaat, Schinland, 1716!
_ Described from a living plant sent to Kew by Dr. Schinland in Oct., 1912.
318 EUPHORBIACE (Brown). [ Euphorbia.
103, E. hypogea (Marloth in Trans. Roy. Soc. 8. Afr. ii. 37,
t. 1, figs. 2-3); plant succulent, very dwarf, with the large fleshy
oblong or turnip-shaped (?) main body and primary branches buried in
the ground and only the branchlets appearing above the surface ;
branchlets 3-2 in. long and (including the tubercles) 5-10 lin. thick,
clavate, cylindric-clavate or sometimes cylindric nearly to the base,
not angular, covered with spreading or recurved cylindric-conical
tubercles 13-2} lin. long and 3-1 lin. thick at their base, glabrous ;
leaves rudimentary, soon deciduous, 14-2 lin. long, 4 lin. broad,
ascending-recurved, linear, obtuse, longitudinally folded, with the
margins touching, glabrous ; peduncles 1-3 to a branch, solitary in
the axils of the tubercles at their tips, 4-5 lin. long, bearing
1 involucre and 3-4 prominent scars of fallen bracts, glabrous,
persisting ; involucre about } in. in diam., campanulate, glabrous,
with the cup part greenish-red or purple and with 5 dark green glands
and 5 transversely oblong fringe-toothed whitish lobes (Marloth) ;
glands distant, variable, sometimes about 1 lin. long and as much
in breadth and somewhat circular in general outline, with a rather
deeply concave notch forming 2 short teeth or horns on the outer
margin, and the upper surface slightly convex or nearly flat, at
others with the entire or glandular part transversely oblong or
somewhat crescent-shaped and flattish or slightly concave, with
2-3 filiform processes 1-1} lin. long on the outer margin ; ovary and
capsule quite sessile, the former quite included in the involucre ;
capsule 1? lin. in diam., obtusely 3-angled, glabrous; styles united
into a column 1-1} lin. long, with spreading arms 3—% lin. long ;
thickened at the apex ; seeds not seen.
CentraL Recion: Beaufort West Div.; in clayey soil on the Nieuwveld
Mountains, near Beaufort West Div., Marloth, 4692! Victoria West Div. ; without
precise locality, Armstrong !
Described from Dr. Marloth’s type specimen, dried and in fluid. The glands of
the involucre are very variable on different specimens,
104. E, namibensis (Marloth in Trans. Roy. Soc. 8. Afr. i. 318
and 317, fig. 3); dwarf, succulent, glabrous ; main stem subglobose
or ovoid, 3-8 in. high, 3-6 in. in diam., partly buried in the ground,
bearing numerous erect or spreading branches about 4~} in. apart
all over the upper half, naked below, whitish (Marloth), whitish-
brown when dried ; branches 3-2 in. long, 5-6 lin. thick at the
base, cylindric or slightly narrowing to the apex, spirally tuberculate ;
ultimately deciduous ; tubercles rhomboid, 14-3 lin. long, 1-1? lin.
broad and }-} lin. prominent ; leaves 3-14 in. long, linear, acute,
longitudinally folded and in that condition 12 lin. broad, glabrous,
somewhat fleshy, only present on the growing branches, soon
deciduous ; peduncles solitary in the axils of the tubercles, more or
less clustered at the tips of the branches, 1-24 (in fruit 3-5) lin.
long and bearing 1 involucre, withering and persisting ; involucre
24-3} lin. in diam., cup-shaped, glabrous, with 5-6 glands and 5-6
transversely oblong fringed lobes; glands transverse, 2-lipped,
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). 319
with 2-5 simple or forked processes 2—3 lin. long on the outer
margin, apparently green ; ovary not exserted from the involucre ;
capsule on a pedicel about as long as the involucre or shortly exserted
from it, } in. in diam., obtusely 3-angled, glabrous; styles 4-3 lin.
long, united to the middle, with recurved-spreading rather stout
bifid tips ; seeds 2 lin. long, ovoid, acute with a few slight scattered
tubercles, brown.
WESTERN ReEcIon: Great Namaqualand ; Namib desert near Tschaukaib, about
31 miles from Angra Pequena, Marloth, 4635! Schultze! Gorup (Garub), Pearson,
4459! Schakalskuppe, Pearson, 4161!
105, E. fusca (Marloth in Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Afr. ii. 38); very
dwarf, succulent, leafless and spineless, resembling E. Caput-Medusz ;
main stem globose, up to 6 in. in diam., tuberculate, thickly
covered (except at the apex) with numerous radiating and ascending
branches, glabrous ; branches 3—2 in. long, 44-5 lin. thick, cylindric,
tessellately tuberculate ; tubercles not very prominent, rhomboid-
hexagonal, with a small whitish leaf-scar ; leaves rudimentary, soon
deciduous ; peduncles clustered at the tips of the branches, 24—4
lin. long, bearing a few bracts and 1 involucre, glabrous, withering
and persisting ; upper pair of bracts 1 lin. long, spathulate-obovate,
ciliate ; involucre 3-31 lin. in diam., very shallowly cup-shaped,
scarcely 1 lin. deep, glabrous, with 5-6 glands and 5-6 transversely
oblong fringed and ciliate lobes; glands not contiguous, 1-1} lin,
in their greater diam., transversely oblong or elliptic-oblong, with
5-7 subulate processes 4— lin. long on their outer margin, brown ;
stamens shortly hairy below the articulation; ovary and capsule
sessile, covered with rather long spreading hairs ; styles 3 lin. long,
united for half their length into a stout 3-grooved column, with
stout spreading minutely 2-lobed tips; ripe capsule and seeds
not seen,
CenTRaL Recion: Britstown Div. ; near Britstown, and Steynsburg Div. ;
hear Steynsburg, Marloth, 4682 !
Katanari Region: Griqualand West ; near Kimberley, Marloth, 4682!
Described from excellent photographs and a dried flowering branch of the type
and flowers preserved in fluid, lent to Kew by Dr. Marloth, who states in his
original description that the peduncles are ‘‘non-persistent.’” This, however, is
an error, for they certainly persist for two or more seasons.
106. E, arida (N. E. Br.) ; dwarf, succulent, spineless, but with
persistent withered peduncles; main body of the plant 13-2 in.
thick, cylindric, rising at least 2 in. above the ground and covered
for that distance with numerous erect or spreading branches 1-1}
in. long, 4-5 lin, thick, dilated to 6 lin. at the very base and
slightly tapering upwards, cylindric, tuberculate, finally deciduous,
dull dark green, at the upper part of the main stem separated from
One another by flattish or slightly convex 5-6-angled areas about
# lin. in diam., with a slightly raised point at their centre, at
the lower part of the stem becoming transverse and much broader
320 EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). [ Zuphorbia.
than long, ultimately forming narrow spaces between the trans-
verse scars of the fallen branches; tubercles on the branches
24-34 lin. long, 14-14 lin. broad, } lin. prominent, elongated rhom-
boid, slightly produced and tipped with a white leaf-scar at the
upper part; leaves 1-1} lin. long, linear or linear-lanceolate, sub-
obtuse, fleshy, deeply channelled down the face, glabrous, dull
green ; peduncles arising in the axils of the tubercles at the tips
of the branches, 3-4 lin. long, bearing 4-5 linear or linear-spathu-
late obtuse ciliate deciduous bracts round the base of the solitary
involucre, dull green; involucre 2 lin. in diam., campanulate,
glabrous outside, dull green, dusted with reddish, with 5 glands
and 5 subquadrate toothed ciliate lobes; glands not contiguous,
3—3 lin, in their greater diam., transversely elliptic-oblong, convex
above when fresh, becoming concave when dried, with 2—4 short
teeth or processes on their outer margin, dull olive-green ; ovary
sessile, very thinly sprinkled with hairs; styles united to the top
into a column 1}~1} lin. long, with knob-like radiating stigmas about
3 lin. long.
CENTRAL REGION: Britstown Div. ; near De Aar, Schinland!
“Described from a living plant sent by Dr. S. Schénland to Kew in 1911, where
it flowered in June, 1913. It is evidently nearly allied to E. fusca, Marloth, but
the main stem is more cylindric, the glands are not brown, but dull olive-green,
and the styles are twice as long, and united nearly to their apex into a much more
slender column.
A specimen collected at Vesta, near De Aar (Hopper, 4409), is probably the
same species, but I have not seen flowers of it.
107. E. decepta (N. E. Br.) ; very dwarf, succulent, leafless and
spineless, but the branches are beset with the rigid remains of the
peduncles, not spine-tipped ; body of plant globose, 3-4 in. in diam.,
partly buried in the ground, marked by depressed lines into irre-
gular hexagonal flattened areas about } in. in diam., with a small
compressed-conical (as if pinched between the thumb and finger)
tubercle at the centre of each ; from between these areas arise all
over the top and sides of the body numerous ascending and
spreading cylindric branches 4-1} in. long and mostly about } in.
thick and }-} in. apart, covered with spirally arranged slightly
prominent rhomboid tubercles 14-2} lin. in diam. ; body and branches
glabrous, dull olive-grey-green, with a somewhat brownish tint ;
leaves very rudimentary and soon deciduous, 1-3 lin. long, ovate or
deltoid-ovate, obtuse, fleshy ; peduncles solitary in the axils of the
tubercles of the branches, 2-6 lin. long, bearing 1 involucre and
about 4 very small scale-like deciduous bracts, glabrous, withering,
becoming rigid, but not spine-pointed, persisting ; involucre 24-3
lin. in diam. and 1} lin, deep, cup-shaped, glabrous and green
tinged with purple outside, with a tuft of hairs opposite the glands
within, with 5 glands and 5 transversely oblong ciliate lobes
pubescent on the back; glands distant, 3-11 lin. in their greater
diam., transversely oblong or elliptic-oblong, convex, with 3-6 short
Luphorbia.| EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). 321
or minute teeth on the outer margin, bright dark green ; ovary
sessile, included in the involucre, glabrous ; styles united into a
stout column 1-1} lin. long, longitudinally grooved, with stout
recurved-spreading stigmas } lin. long, exserted. HE. Caput-Meduse,
Ei. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pjfl. Documente, 184, name only, not
of Linn.
Crenrrat Recon: Beaufort West Div. ; Willowmore side, Brauns, 1712!
A specimen collected by Burke on the south side of the Snowy Mountains, in
Richmond Diy. and another collected on the Camdeboo Mountains in Albert Div.
by Drége (871), may belong here. ;
Described from a living plant collected by Dr. Brauns and sent to Kew by
Dr. Schénland in September, 1911. The stem and branches are so much like dry
ground in colour, that at a short distance they would not be easily detected. In
appearance this species is so extremely like HL. namibensis, Marloth, that when out
of flower it might easily be mistaken for that species. The odour of the milky
juice is very disagreeable.
108. E. crassipes (Marloth in Trans. Roy. Soc, 8. Afr. i. 318 and
317, fig. 4); main body of the plant 4—6 in. long and thick, often
half buried in the ground, globose-cylindric, flattened at the apex
and bearing numerous fleshy branches 11-2} in. long and 5-7 lin.
thick, forming a rosette 6-8 in. in diam., the lower branches
gradually shrivel and expose the bare stem; leaves not described ;
peduncles 14-5 lin. long, bearing 1 involucre and several bracts,
moderately stout, glabrous, persistent and hardening but not spine-
tipped (Marloth); bracts about 1 lin. long, spathulate-lanceolate,
incurved and somewhat concave, ciliate, deciduous ; involucre 2-2}
lin, in diam., cup-shaped, glabrous, with 5 glands and 5 transversely
subrectangular fringed lobes; glands not contiguous, horizontally
Spreading, transversely elliptic, concave, with 3-5 subulate processes
in. long or less on their outer margin; ovary sessile, included in
the involucre, glabrous ; styles exserted, 1 lin. long, united for half
their length, with spreading channelled but not bifid tips.
CENTRAL Recron: Beaufort West Div. ; in stony ground of the Karroo, near
Beaufort West, Marloth, 4397, partly !
The above description as to the plant itself is from Dr. Marloth’s original
description, but all relating to the peduncles and flowers is from fresh material
from the type preserved in alcohol. But it is evident from the material
in Dr. Marloth’s Herbarium, that some error has been made. with regard to
the localities given for this plant at the original place of publication.
The type sheet in Dr. Marloth’s Herbarium contains, firstly, a very much
enlarged drawing without name or label of a flowering branchlet of LE. crassipes,
of which a reduced facsimile is reproduced in the figure quoted above. This
drawing quite agrees with the flowers in fluid kindly lent by Dr. Marloth.
Secondly, a dried specimen and a photograph of it, labelled ‘‘ Euphorbia crassipes,
Marloth. Prince Albert. No. 4397.” This specimen differs totally from the
description in the main body being cylindric and not flat-topped, but covered to
the centre with erect or ascending branches, those at the sides being spreading.
peduncles are nearly twice as long and far more slender than those of E.
“assipes, but probably the measurements ‘‘ 15-20 mm.” given for the peduncles of
£. crassipes by Dr. Marloth are taken from this specimen, which I describe below
4s E. albertensis, N. E. Br., and have assumed that the Beaufort West locality is
the only one that rightly belongs to E. crassipes.
_ FL. C.—von. v.—sEct. II. e
322 EUPHORBIACE (Brown). [ Euphorbia.
109. E. rudis (N. E. Br.); plant forming a hemispherical mass,
spineless, but with the hardened remains of peduncles on the
branches; rootstock or main stem more or less buried in the
ground, thick and fleshy, from which arises a mass of numerous
branches, apparently also partly buried in the ground with age,
glabrous ; dried branches 1-6 in. long, 4—3 in. thick, stouter when
alive, usually branching at or near the apex, cylindric, covered
with small crowded conical rhomboid tubercles about 2 lin. long,
1-1} lin. broad and 1 lin. prominent, spreading or with a slight
tendency to recurve at the hardened whitish leaf-scarred apex
perhaps glaucous when alive, as dried branches are covered with
a thin whitish waxy layer ; leaves in a small tuft at the very apex
of the growing tips, soon deciduous, recurved-spreading, }—} in.
long, linear-lanceolate, subacute, longitudinally folded, with more
or less wavy margins, glabrous; peduncles solitary in the axils of
the tubercles at the tips of the branches, }—? in. long, simple or
once or twice forked, glabrous; bracts alternate, all scattered on
the peduncle some distance below the involucre, none immediately
under it, 1-14 lin. long, oblong-linear, concave, defiexed-spreading ;
involucre 14-24 lin. in diam., cup-shaped, glabrous, with 4-6
glands and 4-6 subquadrate or transversely oblong fringe-toothed
lobes; glands distant, 4-1 lin. in their greater diam., shortly
stalked or subsessile, transverse, rather deeply concave or some-
what 2-lipped, with usually 2 (sometimes 3-4) subulate horns
arising from the back of the outer margin; capsule sessile, erect,
3-3} lin. in diam., shallowly and very obtusely 3-lobed, with a few
hairs on its upper part, otherwise glabrous, glaucous ; styles united
into a column 3 lin. long, with ascending-spreading arms }—} lin.
long, entire and not thickened at the apex; seeds 1} lin. long,
oblong or slightly conical-oblong, truncate at one end, abruptly
acute at the other, with an acute ridge down the back and one on
each margin with a short ridge between at the base on the dorsal
side, and 2 subcontiguous ridges composed of 2 pairs of short
ridges on the ventral side, whitish or pale greyish-white.
Western Recon: Great Namaqualand ; near Gabis, 2800 ft., Pearson, 4310!
between Dabaigabis and Gabis, 2500 ft., Pearson, 4369! on stony slopes at
Grundoorn, 3300 ft., Pearson, 4360! Great Karas Berg, at Kuibis, Pearson, 8014 !
and common on sandy plains north-east of Naruda Sud, Pearson, 8141!
110. E. inelegans (N. E. Br.); dwarf, succulent, spineless and
leatless ; body of the plant globose, up to 3} in. or perhaps more in
diam., bearing about 5 series of closely placed ascending branches
forming a crown around a depressed central area 14-1} in. In
diam., which is covered with acute conical tubercles but destitute
of branches, glabrous, olive-brown ; branches all erect and attaining
to about the same level, none spreading, the outermost series about
3 in. long, the others gradually shorter, 5 lin. thick, cylindric,
densely tuberculate, somewhat dull green or greyish-green, tinged
with purple where exposed to the sun; tubercles rhomboid, 1}-4
Luphorbia,] EUPHORBIACE (Brown). 323
lin. long, 1-2 lin. broad and near their apex 1-2 lin. prominent,
tipped with a white leaf-scar ; leaves very rudimentary, } lin. long,
broadly ovate, acute, soon deciduous ; peduncles arising in the axils
of the tubercles at the tips of the branches, erect or ascending,
4-9 lin. long, 2 lin. thick, bearing 3-5 bracts and 1 involucre,
glabrous, withering and persisting ; bracts all alternate, the upper-
most a little below the base of the involucre, scale-like, thin, soon
deciduous, about 1 lin. long, oblong or spathulate-obovate, concave,
ciliate, green or reddish-brown ; involucres 34 lin. in diam., broadly
obconic-cup-shaped, with 5 glands and 5 transversely rectangular
fringe-toothed pubescent lobes, otherwise glabrous, green : dotted
with red; glands distant, spreading, 11-1? lin. across their tips,
shortly stalked, transversely oblong or very broadly wedge-shaped,
flat or slightly convex, fleshy, with 2-4 subulate teeth, 1-2 lin.
long, along their outer margin, olive-green above, reddish beneath ;
stamens woolly below the articulation ; capsule sessile, erect, 3-34
lin. in diam., obtusely trigonous, thinly covered with rather long
spreading woolly hairs; styles united into a column 3-} lin. long,
with arms 2-3 lin. long, at first erect, finally spreading, with
revolute dilated or obovate entire or slightly notched channelled
tips ; seeds 13 lin. long, oblong-ovoid, acute at one end, truncate at
the other, slightly 4-angled, with the angles forming a slight
shoulder below the point, sides very slightly rugose.
Katanart Recon: Griqualand West ; near Kimberley, Moran! and in Herb.
Schinland, 1718 !
Described from a living plant sent to Kew by Dr. Schénland in October, 1912.
The flowers, owing to their white spreading filaments, the white woolly hairs on
the involucre and the dull olive-green of the glands, have, as a whole, a peculiar
greyish appearance when viewed at a short distance.
lll, E. albertensis (N. E. Br.) ; main body of the plant cylindric,
in the dried specimen 4 in. long and about 1} in. thick, fleshy,
Scarcely tuberculate, bearing on the upper part, to the very centre,
numerous fleshy branches with persistent remains of the peduncles
upon them, glabrous; branches not crowded, but with distinct
Spaces between them, those at the apex erect or ascending, the
others more or less spreading, about } in. long and 1} lin, thick
when dried, and according to a photograph 3-4 lin. thick when
alive, cylindric, with small slightly prominent rhomboid tubercles ;
leaves rudimentary, 3-1} lin. long, linear-lanceolate, fleshy, chan-
nelled or longitudinally folded, glabrous, soon deciduous ; peduncles
arising singly from the axils of the tubercles along the upper part
of the branches, 4-1 in. long, slender and not more than } lin,
thick at the base, straight, bearing at the apex 3-4 closely placed
or somewhat whorled bracts and 1 involucre, glabrous ; bracts
2-1 lin. long, linear-spathulate, acute, incurved or concave, cilio-
late ; involucre on a distinct pedicel 1-1} lin. long above the bracts
and often making an angle with the peduncle, about 2-2} lin. in
+s somewhat obconic-cup-shaped, glabrous, with 5 id
Y
324 EUPHORBIACE (Brown). [ Zuphorbia.
glands, which from a photograph appear to be transversely elliptic
with 3-4 small teeth on their outer margin.
CentraL Recion: Prince Albert Diy. ; near Prince Albert, Marloth, 4397
partly !
This plant is quoted by Marloth under E. crassipes, but is certainly distinct from
the plant he describes by that name, and except perhaps in the length given of
the pedicels in no way is represented by the description of that species; the
absence of the flat top to the stem at once excluding it from the group to which
E., crassipes belongs.
112.. E. filiflora (Marloth in Trans. Roy. Soc. 8. Afr. iii. 123, t. 8,
fig. 3); plant 8-12 in. high, succulent, spineless, but bearing the
dried remains of long peduncles; main stem slightly clavate or
subcylindric, 3-4 in. thick, covered with conical slightly recurved
tubercles and bearing along the upper part numerous short thick
branches, glabrous ; branches ascending, 2-3} in. long, 4—9 lin, in
diam., cylindric, covered with rhomboid straight or slightly re-
curved tubercles; leaves in a small cluster at the apex of the
branches, soon deciduous, 3-1} in. long, linear; peduncles solitary
in the axils of the tubercles at the tips of the branches but
withering and persisting on the older parts, erect, 2-34 in. long,
4 lin. thick, glabrous, bearing 1 involucre and the scars of 3-9
fallen bracts; involucre }4-} in. long and 3-5 lin. in diam.,
elongated-obconic, glabrous outside and within, with 5 glands and
5 erect oblong or rectangular lobes deeply toothed at their apex ;
glands not contiguous, 2 lin. long and as much in breadth across
the tips of the segments, divided to two-thirds of the way down
into 3 diverging linear segments, bifid and recurving at their tips,
greenish-yellow ; ovary (only seen in an immature condition) sub-
sessile, glabrous; styles united into a column 2} (or perhaps more)
lin. long, with shortly bifid arms ] lin. long, not dilated nor thickened
at the tips.
Western Recion: Little Namaqualand; near Concordia, Krapohl in Herb.
Marloth, 5119!
I have also seen a specimen belonging to the Albany Museum from a plant
cultivated at Grahamstown, stated to have been originally sent from Matjesfonten
in Laingsburg Div., by Dr. Purcell. I suspect, however, that some error has bee
made as to the locality.
113, E. brakdamensis (N. E. Br.) ; succulent, spineless, but with
erect or ascending persistent remains of hardened peduncles, only
some dried branches seen, 24-5 in. long and 4-5 lin. thick including
the tubercles, usually simple or occasionally sparingly branched,
glabrous and apparently pale green or glaucous, covered with
elongated rhomboid conical tubercles 24-3 lin. long, 1 lin. broad
and 1-1} lin. prominent, slightly recurved; leaves erect, $—1 in-
long, about } lin. broad, linear, obtuse or subacute, entire, with
incurved margins or channelled down the face, fleshy, glabrous and
perhaps somewhat glaucous ; peduncles erect or ascending, slightly
Euphorbia, | EUPHORBIACEZ (Brown). 325
curved, 1-2} in. long, glabrous, bearing 4-6 bracts and 1 involucre
at the apex ; upper bracts forming a whorl close under the invo-
luere, narrowly elliptic to suborbicular, 2-2} lin. long, 1-2} lin.
broad, concave, rather thin, glabrous, ciliate, green, deciduous ;
involucre about 4} lin. in diam. and 3 lin. deep including the
lobes, campanulate, glabrous outside and with a few hairs opposite
each gland within, with 5 glands and 5 transversely rectangular
denticulate lobes ciliate on their margins ; glands distant, 14-2
lin. long to the tips of the processes, 1 lin. broad, broadly obovate
or orbicular-obovate minutely pitted, with 2-4 abruptly reflexed
linear entire processes } lin. long on the outer margin; ovary |
sessile, included, sprinkled with spreading hairs; styles 24 lin.
long, united to half-way up, with the thickened diverging tips,
glabrous ; capsule and seeds not seen.
— Reaion: Little Namaqualand ; hills at Brackdam, 1600 ft., Schlechter,
!
In appearance the branches of this species very closely resemble those of
E, filiflora, Marloth, but the involucre is only about half as deep and the glands
are different, the habit may also be distinct. I have seen numerous branches, but
no main stem.
__ Specimens collected between Mamre and Saldanha Bay in Malmesbury Div.,
Drége, 8202a, represent a very closely allied species, but are flowerless.
114, E. namaquensis (N. E. Br.); plant 3-8 in. or perhaps
sometimes up to 2 ft. (Pearson) high above ground, succulent,
spineless; main stem or body of the plant 1}~2} in. thick,
obeonie or cylindric, tapering into a long tough root that
descends very deeply into the ground, fleshy, covered to the
apex with very numerous rather crowded erect branches,
glabrous, green; branches 1-5 in. long, 2-34 lin. thick when
dried, probably stouter when alive, simple or with short branchlets,
sometimes cylindric and obtuse, sometimes elongated and tapering
to a rather slender and somewhat spine-like point, tuberculate,
glabrous; tubercles laxly spiral, rather scattered, }—-2 lin. promi-
nent, cylindric-conica], spreading or recurved, often tipped with a
hard whitish conical acute point; leaves only present on the
growing tips, 4—8 lin. long, linear and channelled down the face
or linear-terete from the margins being infolded, }—3 lin. thick,
acute, glabrous, sometimes (always?) glaucous or white in the
channel or upper surface, soon deciduous; peduncles solitary in
the axils of the tubercles at the tips or racemosely arranged along
the branches, 2-6 lin. long, sometimes simple and bearing only | invo-
lucre, sometimes divided or branching into 2-3 secondary peduncles
3-5 lin. long, often resembling slender branchlets and more or less
tuberculate, glabrous or the secondary peduncles thinly pubescent
along the upper side; involucre 34-4} lin. in diam., broadly and
rather shallowly cup-shaped, pubescent or glabrous outside, with
5 glands and 5 transversely quadrangular toothed or ciliate lobes ;
glands distant, spreading, 3-1 lin. in their greater diam., shortly
326 EUPHORBIACE (Brown). [ Zuphorbia.
but distinctly stalked, 2-lipped, with a shallow transverse depres-
sion or cavity in front of the inner margin and the outer lip convex
or in dried specimens sometimes infolded, divided on the outer
margin’ into 2-4 simple or occasionally forked teeth or subulate
processes 1-1 lin. long, usually revolute; capsule sessile or sub-
sessile, 45-5 lin. in diam., obtusely 3-lobed, but the lobing nearly
evanescent at the basal part, tomentose or densely pubescent ;
styles united into a column 4-1 lin. long, with spreading entire
rather slender lobes 4—1} lin. long, channelled down the face ; seeds
2-21 lin. long, ovoid to very broadly ovoid, abruptly pointed at
one end, faintly tuberculate or almost smooth.
Western Recion : Great Namaqualand ; plains north of and between Ganus and
Grundoorn, 3300 ft., Pearson, 4367! 4502! between Noachebeb and Grundoorn,
Pearson, 7809! Great Karasberg region, 4000 ft., Pearson, 8256! Little Nama-
qualand ; between Aggenys and Pella, Pearson, 2992! south of Tweefontein,
2700 ft., Pearson, 3049! Dabeep, Pearson, 6228! 6229!
115. E. Braunsii (N. E. Br.) ; very dwarf, succulent, leafless and
spineless, but with hardened persistent remains of the peduncles
(not spines) on the branches; plant, in the only two specimens
seen, consisting of numerous branches densely crowded upon the
upper part of an obconic central stem about 1} in. thick and com-
pletely covering its apex, all attaining to the same level and
forming an obconic mass (excluding the root) 2-34 in. high (half
of which is buried. in the ground) and 34-5 in. in diam., but
perhaps attaining to larger dimensions ; branches all erect or sub-
erect, crowded, simple or sparingly branched, 1-3 in. long, 3-1} in.
thick, cylindric, thickening upwards, obtusely rounded at the apex,
covered with flattish scarcely prominent 4—6-angled tubercles 25-3
lin. in diam., each with a slightly prominent white leaf-scar,
glabrous, dull grey-green; peduncles solitary in the axils of the
tubercles around the apex of the branches, at first about 1-1} lin.
long, but apparently developing to 3-8 lin. long, 1 lin. thick,
glabrous, bearing 1 involucre and a few scattered bracts, withering
and persisting, becoming hard and white, but not spine-tipped ;
bracts }-1} lin. long, oblong or linear-oblong, obtuse, ciliate with
long fine white hairs, green, dusted with brown; involucre about
24-3 lin. in diam., cup-shaped, glabrous outside, green, dusted with
brown, with 4-5 glands and 5 transversely oblong lobes ciliate
with long white and somewhat cottony hairs; glands distant,
3-% lin. in their greater diam., transversely elliptic or reniform,
depressed or concave at the centre and with 1-4 filiform processes
3-4 lin. long on their outer margin, dull green, with reddish-tinted
processes ; ovary immature in the specimens seen, sessile, glabrous ;
styles 1} lin. long, united into a column for two-thirds of their
length, entire and scarcely thickened at the tips.
CrenTRaL Region: Aberdeen Div. ; without precise locality, Brawns! Pillans!
Described from livin, ts collected by Dr. H. B Kew b:
Dr. S. Schinland. . pee y rauns and sent to Kew by
Euphorbia. ] ' EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). 327
116, E. baliola (N. E. Br.); succulent, spineless ; main body of
the plant globose or subcylindric, in the specimen seen 4 in. high
and 3 in. in diam., covered with transversely diamond-shaped
tubercles about 4 in. in their greater diam. and i in. prominent,
arranged in numerous crowded spirals, and formed by the per-
Sistent remains of the deciduous branches, at first grey, becoming
brown ; branches covering the whole top of the plant, not absent
from the centre, erect or ascending, 3-2 in. long, 2-3 lin. thick in
the dried specimen, probably twice as thick when alive, cylindric,
Scarcely or not at all tuberculate, but marked out by impressed
lines into elongated areas 1-3 lin. long and 3-1 lin. broad when
dried, scarcely or not at all prominent, marked at their apex with
&@ conspicuous white round leaf-scar, glabrous; leaves not seen ;
peduncles 2-4 clustered at the apex of the branches, 1-3 lin. long,
bearing about 4 bracts and 1 involucre, glabrous, persisting and
withering ; bracts 1 lin. long, 3-2 lin. broad, obovate, concave,
thin, ciliate with rather long hairs; involucre 2-2} lin. in diam.
and 1-1} lin. deep, shallowly cup-shaped, glabrous outside and
within, but apparently woolly within from being filled with very
woolly white stamens, with 5 glands and 5 transversely oblong
lobes ciliate with white woolly hairs; glands distant, apparently
deflexed-spreading, 3-1 lin. in their greater diam., transversely
oblong, with a slight depression in front of the inner margin and
3-4 subulate teeth 1-1 lin. long along the outer margin, dark
velvety brown ; ovary included in the involucre, obconic, trigonous,
densely covered with white woolly hairs; styles } lin. long, very
shortly united at the base, stout, with entire spreading tips.
Western REGION; Great Namaqualand ; Great Karas Berg Range, on slopes
oo Krai Kluft and Naruda Sud, 5200 ft., growing among stones, Pearson,
!
In this species the tubercles on the main body of the plant are formed from the
Persistent bases of the branches, from which the remainder has withered and
fallen away; this character, so far as I am aware, separates this species from all
others at present known. From E. fusca, Marloth, it differs by the branches
covering the whole top of the plant to the centre and the filaments of the stamens
_ the joint are twice as long and the hairs on them are much longer and more
Woo. y.
117, E.inermis (Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. viii. no. 13) ; succulent, spine-
less, leafless ; body or main stem short and thick, producing a crown
of three or more series of crowded branches around the central
flattened or depressed tuberculate obconic area at the top, and not
rising much above ground level, tessellately tuberculate ; branches
13-10 in. long or under cultivation much longer, 5-6 lin. thick,
ascending or ascending-spreading, cylindric, tessellately tuberculate,
glabrous, dull green ; tubercles rhomboid, 24-5 lin. long, 13-23 lin.
road and } lin. prominent, shortly and obtusely conical, with a
small white leaf-scar; leaves minute, rudimentary, soon deciduous,
} lin. long and broad, ovate, acute; peduncles solitary in the axils
of the tubercles at the tips of the branches, 14—2 lin. long, stout,
ing about 4 bracts and 1 involucre, glabrous, sometimes per-
328 EUPHORBIACES (Brown). | Euphorbia.
sistent ; bracts 2-1 lin. long, scale-like, ovate or oblong, entire or
ciliate ; involucre 4-4} lin. in diam. (2}—3 lin. when dried), cup-
shaped, white, with 5 (rarely 4) glands and 5 transversely rect-
angular ciliate lobes, glabrous on the cup outside and within, but
pubescent on the back of the lobes and filled with woolly-white
bracteoles ; glands glabrous, variable on the same plant, 14-14 lin.
long, 1-1} lin. broad across the tips, sometimes ovate-oblong and
very shortly bifid, with the lobes denticulate at the apex, some-
times divided to below the middle, with two diverging lobes cut
like the horns of a reindeer, in both cases with the united glandular
part dark green, revolute at the sides and the lobes white, some-
times divided nearly or quite to the base into 2 much-branched
lobes and entirely white, without any glandular dark green part;
ovary sessile, woolly-white at the apex, thinly sprinkled with
ascending or spreading hairs or rarely glabrous; styles united to
the apex into a slender column 14-2 lin. long; stigmas about 4 lin.
long, more or Jess deeply bifid, with cuneate lobes, radiating and
contiguous forming a sort of disc; capsule sessile, trigonous-
subglobose, 24 lin. in diam., glabrous or with a féw hairs; seeds
1} lin. long, ellipsoid, slightly 4-angled, subtruncate at the base,
apiculate at the apex, very minutely tuberculate on the dorsal
sides smooth on the ventral, dark brown, and (in the only example
seen) with some whitish bodies (exudations?) at the angles, perhaps
not constant. . viperina, Berger in Monatsschr. Kakt, xii. 39, and
Sukk. Euphorb. 114; Hemsley in Bot. Mag. t. 7971.
Var. 8, laniglans (N. E. Br.) ; glands of the involucre woolly, otherwise as in
the type and perhaps only an abnormal form.
Coast Recon: Uitenhage Div. ; Coega, Rogers! 115! Port Elizabeth Div. ;
Zwartkops, Zeyher, 1098! Marloth, 4872! 4897! Redhouse, near Port Elizabeth,
Mrs. Paterson, 579! near Port Elizabeth, Drége! and cultivated specimens !
CENTRAL REGION: var. 8, Jansenville Div. ; near Klipplaat, Marloth, 5270!
The figure in the Botanical Magazine merely represents a rooted branch of this
plant and gives no idea of its real habit, which is somewhat like that of
E, Caput-Meduse.
Described partly from a living plant sent to K : :
‘from dried tanitestal g plant sent to Kew by Mrs. T. V. Paterson, partly
__ 118. E. Caput-Meduse (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 452, and Ameen. Acad.
iii. 110) ; plant dwarf, succulent, subleafiess and spineless, consisting
of a globose main body up to 6 or 8 in. in diam., covered (except at
the centre) with very numerous crowded branches, forming %
hemispheric cushion, in adult plants 14-2 ft. in diam., uniformly
green; branches erect and 2-4 in. long at the central part,
ascending-spreading or spreading and curving upwards at the
circumference and 6-15 in. long, 3-1 in. thick, cylindric or some-
what cylindric-clavate, very obtuse, covered with tubercles 23-4
lin. long, 14-23 lin. broad and 14-2 lin. prominent, obliquely
conical, acute; leaves very small, soon deciduous, 14-24 lin. long,
3-3 lin. broad, linear, acute or obtuse, thick and fleshy, flat or
slightly concave-channelled above, very convex or obtusely keeled
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE (Brown). 329
beneath ; flowers solitary in the axils of the tubercles, clustered at
the apex of the branches; peduncles 3-5 lin. long, stout, bearing
5-7 bracts and 1 involucre, glabrous; bracts about 1 in. long,
broadly ovate or elliptic, obtuse, ciliate ; involucre } in. or rather
more (or when dried 4—5 lin.) in diam., broadly and shallowly
cup-shaped, with 5 glands and 5 transversely. oblong or sub-
quadrate connivent lobes, subtruncate and closely toothed at the
top, glabrous on the back, pubescent on the inner face, red or
purple, at least at their tips; glands 13—2 lin. long and 14-3 lin.
broad, palmately divided to half-way down into 3-6 linear segments
entire or toothed at the tips, glabrous, with the undivided part
green, minutely pitted, and the segments white; ovary sessile,
obtusely 3-angled, glabrous ; styles 14-1} lin. long, united to the
middle or nearly to the top, with erect shortly bifid tips, slightly
exserted beyond the lobes of the involucre ; capsule and seed not
seen. Linn. Syst. ed. 12, ii. 330; Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. viii. no. 7 ;
Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1, ii. 135 incl. all vars. but excluding the reference
to Breyne, Ic. Rar. Pl. 29, t. 19; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1315; Spreng.
Syst. Veg. iii. 787; Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 86; K. Schumann
in Monatsschr. Kakt. viii. 54 and 53 with fig.; Berger in Mon-
atsschr, Kakt. ix. 91 with fig., and Sukk. Euphorb. 110, fig.; 29;
Marloth in Wissensch. Ergebn. Deutsch. Tiefsee-Exped. ii. part 3,t. 9 ;
N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1912, 246, with fig. E. Fructus-Pini,
Mill. Dict. ed. viii. no. 10. E. Meduse, Thunb. Prodr. ii. 86, and
Fi. Cap. ed. Schultes, 404. E. tesséllata, Sweet, Hort. Suburb. Lond. -
107. E. Fructus-Pini, var. geminata, Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. i. 356.
E. Commelini, DC. Cat. Pl. Hort. Monspel. 110; Spreng. Syst. Veg.
iii, 787. Medusea Fructus-Pini, M. major and M. tessellata, Haw.
Syn. Pl. Suce. 134, 135, and Klotzsch & Garcke in Abhandl, Akad.
Berlin, 1860, 61.—Tithymalus aizoides Africanus simplict squamato
caule, Commelin, Preelud. Bot. 57, fig. 7. Euphorbium procumbens
ramis plurimis, dc. and E. procumbens ramis geminatis, &e., Burm.
Rar, Afr. Pl. 17, 18, it. 8, 9. Huphorbium anacanthum angusto
Polygoni folio, as to vars. 1 and 2 only, Isnard in Mém. L’ Acad.
Roy. des Sciences, Paris, 1720, 386, 387.
Coast Recion: Cape Div. ; mountains near Cape Town, Thunberg! Bergius!
Kasteels Berg, Zeyher, 5082! shore near Green Point, Pappe! mountain slopes
near Sea Point, Wilms, 3624! MacOwan, Herb. Austr.-Afr., 1530! Diimmer, 133!
Lions Head, Pillans ! Diels, 119! ae
When establishing this species, Linnaus included under it and the varieties he
€s no less than five distinct species ; three are included in the references he
gives under the species, apart from the varieties. His description is quite
inadequate for identification and there is no specimen of it or the varieties in his
Herbarium, but from his quotation of the Hortus Cliffortianus and Hortus
Upsaliensis, he must have had in view a plant in cultivation. Therefore, as the
cultivated plant would be likely to be one occurring near Cape Town, I have taken
the only species of this group growing near that locality as being the true
£, Caput-Medusx, Linn. It is the plant that is certainly meant by three or four
_ of the references given by Linneus and also as understood by some later authors.
I describe from a livin lant about 18 inches in diameter collected on the slopes
of Lions Head, near "Cape Town and kindly sent to Kew especially for the
purpose by Mr. Pillans of Cape Town. It flowers in July and August.
330 EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). [ Luphorbia.
When grown from seed, a large globose body partly buried “in the ground is
developed, from which the numerous branches arise, as in all other species of this
group. But when one of the branches is rooted, the globose main body 1s not
formed, but it becomes a cylindric or clavate stem rising some inches or even up
to 2 feet above the ground and produces branches at the top. It is upon branches
rooted in this manner that E. Commelinii, DC., and FE. Caput-Meduse, var. major,
Ait., were founded and supposed to represent distinct species, the habit being
different. From the description given by Miller, Aiton, and Haworth of E.
Fructus-Pini (E. Caput-Meduse, var. geminata, Ait.), I can find no character to
separate it from typical FE. Caput-Medusx, and I have not seen any specimen of
it. Gardeners of the period seem to have distinguished it as the ‘“‘ Little Medusa’s
Head,” whilst the typical E. Caput-Medusx was known as ‘‘ Medusa’s Head”; 80
that it is probable that it was of a somewhat smaller growth than the type.
Although Miller’s description seems to have been made from a rooted branch, the
plant when originally introduced was probably either only a small specimen of £.
Caput-Meduszx or of a sex different from the plants then in cultivation. A young
plant in cultivation at Kew in January, 1915, answered exactly to Miller's
description of E. Fructus-Pini, In the 1st edition of Aiton’s Hortus Kewensis,
var. minor seems founded upon the plant chiefly intended by Isnard under the
reference quoted by Aiton, which was certainly #. Caput-Meduse. Whilst in the
2nd edition, under var. minor, Aiton only refers to the plant figured in De
Candolle, Plant. Grass. t. 150, which is another species, see under H. Bergerv.
119. E. Bergeri (N. E. Br.) ; dwarf, succulent, spineless ; main
body of the plant subglobose or obconic, thick, fleshy, bearing a
large number of radiating branches on the upper part, glabrous ;
branches 3-9 in. long, 3-2 in. thick, usually simple, cylindric,
tessellately tuberculate, often curved, glabrous, green ; tubercles
rhomboid, mostly 3-4 lin. long and about 24 lin. broad, $—1 lin.
prominent ; leaves 3-6 lin. long, }-1 lin. broad, linear-spathulate,
acute, channelled down the face, glabrous, deciduous ; peduncles
solitary in the axils of the tubercles at the ends of the branches,
2-5 lin. long, stout, bearing 1 involucre and about 4 bracts, some-
times persisting and thickening after the fall of the flower and
becoming clavate or branch-like ; involucre 24-34 lin. in diam.,
cup-shaped, with 5 glands and 5 transversely rectangular or sub-
quadrate finely toothed lobes ; glands spreading, 1-13 lin. in their
greater diam., transversely oblong, green, with 3-7 short or subu-
late greenish-white teeth on the outer margin; ovary included in
the involucre, glabrous ; styles about 1} lin. long, united for about
half their length, with slightly spreading thickened cuneate stigmas,
notched at the apex; capsule and seeds not seen. EH. Caput-
Meduse, Lam. Encycl. ii. 416; DC. Pl. Grass. t, 150, not of Linn.
E. fructuspina, Sweet, Hort. Suburb. Lond. 107. E. Fructus-Pini,
Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. i. 356, excl. var. B, not of Miller. E. parvi-
mamma, Berger in Monatsschr. Kakt. ix. 92, with fig., and Sukk.
Euphorb. 113, fig. 30, not of Boiss.
SourH Arrica : without locality, cultivated specimens !
The above description is made partly from dried material, partly from a living
specimen, both taken from the type plant of FE. parvimamma, Berger, kindly sent
to me by Mr. Alwin Berger. Butit is certainly not the £. parvimammd of Boissier-
E. Bergeri is only known from cultivated plants. It is very similar in appear-
ance to £. Caput-Medusex, Linn., but the branches are rather more slender and
the involucre-giands quite different. It may possibly be a hybrid.
Luphorbia.| EUPHORBIACE (Brown). 331
120. E. marlothiana (N. E. Br.) ; rootstock or main body of the
plant subterranean, clavate or elongated-obconic, often subglobosely
thickened at the apex, from which arises several erect or ascending
succulent branches 3-15 in. long, these are at first about 3-5 lin.
thick, covered with rhomboid or oblong flattish tubercles only 1-3
lin. prominent, with age they get buried in the sand, become
clavate like the main body and up to 1 in. (or more?) thick, and in
turn produce slender branches at their apex in like manner ; leaves
1-3 lin. long, oblong or linear, spreading, channelled, acute, with
recurved tips, fleshy, glabrous, soon deciduous ; peduncles 1-4 at a
time to a branch, at the tips, withering and often persisting, but
not becoming hard or woody, 4-2 in. long, erect, glabrous, bearing
1 involucre ; bracts deciduous, not seen ; involucre sessile between
the bracts, 6-7 lin. in diam., broadly and rather shallowly bowl-
shaped below the 5 glands, with 5 large erect subquadrate toothed
purplish lobes 14 lin. long and broad, thinly puberulous outside ;
glands not contiguous, spreading, divided to slightly below the
middle into 2—6 linear white (becoming reddish with age) processes
dilated and slightly branched at their tips, with the undivided part
broadly wedge-shaped, without a lip or turned-up margin at the
base, 1-1} lin. long and about the same in breadth across the top,
with revolute sides, green; ovary and capsule sessile, the former
included in the involucre, subglobose, pubescent ; styles united into
4 column about 14 lin. long, with short arms dilated and 2-lobed at
the tips; entire capsule and seeds not seen.
Coast Region: Cape Div. ; on sandhills, near Neu Eisleben, in the heart of the
_ Cape Flats between Wynberg and Somerset Strand, about 10 miles from the
hearest railway station, flowering in October and November, Marloth, 57 5 |
This species is allied to E. Muirii, N. E. Br., the two evidently having the
fame general habit. But £. Marlothii distinctly differs from #. Muzrii in having
fewer flowers to a branch, peduncles withering in a different manner, larger
Involuecres and the glands have their undivided part as long as broad, without a
turned-up lobule at the base, whilst in Z. Muirii the undivided part is twice as
broad as long, with a turned-up lobule at the base, and the gland is much shorter
than in E. Marlothii and apparently different in colour.
121. E. Muirii (N. E. Br.) ; rootstock or main body of the plant
buried in the ground, not seen; stems or branches 6-8 in. (or
perhaps more) high, 34-41 lin. thick when dried, evidently much
stouter when alive, erect, simple or with a whorl of 3-7 branches at
or near the top, succulent, cylindric, covered with rhomboid tubercles
23-6 lin. long, 14-2 lin. broad and 3-1 lin. prominent, tipped
with a white leaf-scar, spineless, but often with (sometimes without)
Some persistent peduncles, glabrous ; leaves erect, 25-5} lin. long,
3-} lin. broad, linear, acute, fleshy, apparently channelled down
the face and keeled on the back, glabrous ; peduncles 4-11 lin.
long, solitary in the axils of the tubercles, usually forming an
-umbel-like cluster at the tips of the branches, glabrous, bearing 4-6
_ bracts and 1 involucre ; bracts 13-2 lin. long, oblong to elliptic-
_ Obovate, concave, entire, glabrous outside, thinly pubescent within,
332 EUPHORBIACE (Brown). [ Huphorbia.
ciliate ; involucre 4—44 lin. in diam., probably larger when alive,
broadly cup-shaped, with 5 glands and 5 large transversely elliptic
toothed lobes, thinly pubescent outside and in front of the glands.
and on the lobes within ; glands 14~2 lin, in diam., broadly cuneate,
palmatifidly divided to about half-way down into 4-6 abruptly
reflexed linear segments, dilated and entire or slightly toothed at
their apices ; undivided part entirely glandular, most minutely
rugulose, not pitted, apparently yellowish-green, with the inner
margin turned up, forming a small lip ; segments apparently white ;
ovary sessile, included, glabrous ; styles 14 lin. long, united into a
column nearly to the apex, with slightly spreading thickened sub-
entire tips; capsule sessile, 3 lin. long and 4} lin. in diam., very
obtusely and shallowly 3-lobed as seen from above, glabrous ; seeds
13-2 lin. long, ovoid, usually slightly keeled on the back, minutely
seabrid-tuberculate all over, blackish-brown.
Coast Recion: Robertson Div. ; Sand Berg, Pearson, 2261! Riversdale Div. ;
Albertina, Muir! and Muir, 174, from Stil Bay, probably also belongs here, but.
the specimen seen is without fiowers or fruit.
Dr. Muir informed me the above-ground stems or branches of this species are
solitary.
122. E. tuberculatoides (N. E. Br.) ; stems up to 18 in. long,
4-3 in. thick when dried, unbranched, cylindric, succulent, spineless,
but with persistent hardened peduncles, and covered with rhomboid
shortly conical tubercles 3-4 lin. long, 2-3 lin. broad and 1-1} lin.
prominent, glabrous ; leaves erect, 4-5 lin. long, }—} lin. broad,
linear, acute, channelled down the face, glabrous, deciduous ;
peduncles solitary in the axils of the tubercles, clustered at the
apex of the stems, }-1} in. long, erect or ascending, glabrous,
bearing 1 involucre and 4 deciduous bracts at the apex ; bracts
about 1} lin. long and 1 lin. broad, obovate or orbicular-obovate,
concave, glabrous, falling off as the involucre opens; involucre
(dried) about 5 lin. in diam., obconic-cup-shaped, glabrous, with
5 glands and 5 \orbicular-subquadrate subentire or very minutely
toothed lobes; glands shortly but distinctly stalked, 14-1} lin.
long, 13-24 lin. broad, broadly cuneate, recurved at the sides and
palmately divided to the middle into 3-5 linear segments, entire or
bifid at their revolute tips, with the gland part apparently dark
red? and segments white ; ovary sessile, included, trigonous, glabrous ;
styles united into a column 2}-3 lin. long, with 3 thickened entire
or bifid erect arms }-} lin. long; capsule not seen.
Coast Recion : Malmesbury Div. ; region of Hopefield, road to Theefontein,
Bachmann, 1042! Grootfontein, Bachmann, 1043! near Groene Kloof (Mamre),
Bolus, 4359! and without precise locality, Grey !
Closely allied to E. tuberculata, Jacq., but distinguished by its more slender
habit, shorter leaves, smaller tivvettiana and piabeous oF : Sas specimen has
few weak hairs on the ovary, but they are very different in character from the
stiff hairs which thickly cover the ovary of E. tuberculata. Also the tubercles on
the stem appear to be smaller, the involucre is paler in colour when dried, its
eis smaller, more subquadrate, much more finely toothed and apparently
purple.
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE (Brown). 333
123, E. tuberculata (Jacq. Hort. Schoenbr. ii. 43, t. 208) ;
succulent, 14-2 ft. high, with numerous branches from a thick
rootstock or main stem wholly or partly buried in the ground,
spineless, but the branches beset with the hardened persistent
remains of the peduncles, not true spines, only dried branches seen,
3-18 in. long, }—? in. thick, evidently stouter when alive, unbranched,
cylindric or slightly thickened upwards, erect, covered with rhom-
boid conical tubercles 3-4 lin. long, 1-3 lin. broad and 1-34 lin.
prominent, glabrous; leaves }$—2 in. long, 3-11 lin. broad, linear,
channelled down the face from incurved margins, acute, soon
deciduous, glabrous, somewhat fleshy ; peduncles solitary in the
axils of the tubercles at the tips of the branches, persistent and
hardening, at first $3 in. long, apparently elongating as the fruit
ripens up to 11 in. or perhaps more, bearing about 4 bracts and
1 involucre at the apex, glabrous ; bracts 14-2 lin. long and 1-2
lin. broad, elliptic or elliptic-obovate, obtuse, concave, glabrous,
ciliate ; involucre 5-7 lin. in diam., broadly bowl-shaped, glabrous
outside and within, with 5 glands and 5 subquadrate toothed or
nearly entire and minutely ciliate lobes ; glands closely sessile on
the cup of the involucre, 14-24 lin. long, 13-3 lin. broad at the
tips, broadly cuneately palmatitid, divided to half-way down into
3-6 linear spreading processes, recurved at the tips, slightly dilated
_ Or once or twice shortly bifid at the apex, glabrous, green and not
pitted on the undivided or glandular part and the processes white ;
ovary sessile, quite included in the involucre, thickly pubescent
with erect stiffish or somewhat bristle-like hairs ; styles exserted,
27-3 lin. long, united nearly to the apex, with very short slightly
Spreading thickened or bifid tips ; capsule not seen. Willd. Sp. rt
li, 887 ; Poir, Encycl. Suppl. ii. 609; Spreng. Syst. Veg. iii. 787 ;
Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 86; Berger, Sukk. Euphorb. 109;
Marloth in Trans, Roy. Soc. S. Afr. iii. 123, t. 8, fig. 2. Dacty-
lanthes tuberculata, Haw. Syn. Pl. Succ. 133. Medusea tuberculata,
Klotzsch d: Garcke in Abhandl. Akad. Berlin, 1859, 61.
Coast Recion: Clanwilliam Div. ; near Clanwilliam, Leipoldt in MacOwan,
Herb, Austr.-Afr., 2003! Marloth, 4880! Lange Kloof, Schlechter, 8389! Malmes-
bury Div. ; between Mamre and Saldanha Bay, Drége, 8202! Piquetberg Div. ;
Kopje near Het Kruis, Misses Stephens & Glover, 8751! Uitenhage Div. ; Cannon
Hill, near Uitenhage, MacOwan, 3286 partly ! ; :
Western ReEGion: Little Namaqualand ; sand flats between Driefontein and
Heeren Logement, Pearson, 6718 !
The tubercles and leaves as represented by Jacquin are larger than on wild
Specimens, from which the measurements above given are taken.
With regard to the specimens distributed by MacOwan as coming from Cannon
Hill, that locality is Calesbtatie an error, ot I have no doubt the specimens
Were really collected near Clanwilliam, an opinion that is confirmed by the
presence of pieces of Z. Macowani, N. E. Br., mixed with it on all the sheets of
this distribution that I have seen, as the latter species has only been collected at
Clanwilliam
.
‘124. E. Bolusii (N. E. Br.); succulent, spineless, but with
_ Persistent ascending remains of the peduncles; habit probably
334 EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). [ Luphorbia.
something like that of E. tuberculata, Jacq., but only 3 dried
branches have been seen, which resemble those of that species, but
are apparently much shorter, 2-2} in. long, 5-6 lin. thick, covered
with elongated subrhomboid tubercles 3—4 lin. long, 1} lin. broad
and 14-2 lin. prominent, compressed-conic, slightly recurved ; leaves
not seen, soon deciduous; peduncles solitary in the axils of the
tubercles at the tips of the branches, 3-1 in. long, erect or
ascending, glabrous, bearing a whorl of 4 bracts and | involucre at
its apex; bracts elliptic, obtuse, concave, glabrous, not ciliate,
probably not more than 2 lin. long, but only seen in young bud,
deciduous; involucre 4} lin. in diam., broadly cup-shaped or obconic,
glabrous or nearly so outside and within, with 5 glands and 5
subquadrate lobes, toothed at their truncate apices; glands sub-
contiguous, broadly cuneate-palmatifid, 14-1? lin. long and about
24 lin. across the tips, divided to more than half-way down into
4-6 apparently white segments # lin. long, which are bifid to the
middle and their flat lobes diverging, recurved and toothed something
like a reindeer’s horn, quite glabrous, and the gland occupying the
whole of the undivided part, not pitted ; ovary sessile, included in
the involucre, glabrous ; styles united to the apex into a slender
column 2$ lin. long, minutely 3-lobed at the apex, exserted, glabrous ;
capsule and seeds not seen.
KataHari Reaion : Transvaal ; near Middelburg, Bolus, 9767 !
125. BE. Macowani (N. E. Br.); succulent, spineless, but the
branches beset with ascending or suberect hardened remains of
peduncles, not spines; only dried branches seen, 34-8 in. long,
5-8 lin. thick, probably much stouter when alive, cylindric, slightly
thickened upwards, covered with elongated subrhomboid tubercles
4-4 in. long, 14-2 lin. broad, and about | lin. prominent, glabrous ;
leaves suberect, 1-14 in. long, 1-2 lin. broad near the obtuse or
acute apex, tapering gradually to the base, linear-spathulate,
entire, fleshy, glabrous; peduncles solitary in the axils of the
tubercles at the tips of the branches, suberect, 41-1} in. long,
glabrous, bearing 5 bracts and 1 involucre at the apex; bracts
2-3 lin. long, 1-24 lin. broad, obovate, obtuse or rounded at
the apex, about 3 of them pubescent on the back and ciliate,
glabrous within, the others glabrous on both sides and scarcely
ciliate ; involucre about 7 lin. in diam., broadly cup-shaped, villous-
pubescent outside, glabrous within, with 5 glands and 5 rather
large subquadrate ciliate lobes, fringed-toothed at the top; glands
2} lin. long and 34-4 lin. broad across the tips, broadly cuneate,
palmately divided to two-thirds of the way down into 5-7 primary
linear forked segments, with very shortly bifid or trifid tips, villous-
pubescent on both sides, but with a transverse excavated glabrous
gland at the base of the united part, apparently purplish, tips of the
segments white; ovary subsessile, included in the involucre,
glabrous ; styles 2 lin. long, exserted, united almost to the apex
~
Euphorbia.| EUPHORBIACE (Brown). 335
into a slender glabrous column articulated close to the base,
minutely trifid at the apex ; capsule subsessile, about 5 lin. in diam.,
globose-trigonous, glabrous; seeds 2 lin. long, subterete, slightly
conical, truncate at the base, very abruptly and shortly conic-acute
at the apex, very rough with minute irregular tubercles, grey.
Coast Recion: Clanwilliam Div. ; near Clanwilliam, Schlechter, 8419! Mae-
Owan, 3286 partly (wrongly labelled as from Cannon Hill in Uitenhage Div.) !
126. E. bubalina (Boiss. Cent. Euphorb. 26, and in DC. Prodr.
Xv. ii. 90); a succulent shrub, 2-5 ft. high (Burchell), spineless ;
branches 5-9 lin. thick, terete, subtuberculate, glabrous, green ;
leaves alternate, scattered along the young branches, very spreading,
13-6 in. long, 1-1} in. broad, cuneate-oblanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate, obtuse or subacute, apiculate, cuneately tapering to a
narrow sessile base, not distinctly petiolate, slightly folded length-
wise, glabrous on both sides ; peduncles solitary in the axils of the
leaves, spreading or ascending, 1-6 in. long, $-1 lin. thick, once
forked or bearing an umbel of 3 simple or once- or twice-forked rays.
3-2 in. long at the apex, with a pair or a whorl of 3 bracts at the
base of the umbel and 1 or 2 very reduced alternate leaves below,
withering and persisting for 2 or 3 years, glabrous; bracts }—? in.
long, 3-3 in. broad, deltoid or deltoid-ovate, obtuse or acute, apiculate,
subtruncate at the base, glabrous on both sides, green, usuaily
edged with red; involucre sessile, 2-3 lin. in diam., cup-shaped,
glabrous, with 5 glands and 5 subquadrate subentire or slightly
toothed puberulous lobes ; glands 14-1} lin. in their greater diam.,
transverse, oblong or very broadly cuneate-oblong, entire, green,
like the bracts; capsule closely sessile, about } in. in diam., sub-
globose-trigonous, slightly narrowing upwards, glabrous ; styles }-1
lin. long, erect, united into a column for half their length, bifid at
the apex, green ; seeds 2-21 lin. long, ovoid, acute, slightly 2-keeled
on the apical part, very minutely papillate-tuberculate or sub-
reticulate to nearly smooth. Berger, Sukk. Euphorb. 121 and 122,
a. oe... Ee. oxystegia, Baker in Saund, Ref. Bot. iii. t. 209, not of
Boiss. £. clava, E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pf. Documente, 184,
name only, not of Jacq. LE. laxiflora, O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. iii. 286.
Coast Recion : Bathurst Div. ; near Port Alfred, Burchell, 3994! Rogers, 156 !
Trapps Valley, Miss Daly, 718! King Williamstown Div. ; near the Buffalo River,
Drége, 4615! East London Div. ; river bank, East London, Galpin, 3110!
British Kaftraria, Cooper, 132! 3150! and cultivated specimens !
Described from a living plant introduced by T. Cooper, and cultivated at Kew.
In the Refugium Botanicum the glands of the involucre are inaccurately figured
and described as yellow.
127. EB. tugelensis (N. E. Br.); plant 2-3 ft. high (Gerrard) ;
only small pieces of young branches 13-3 in. long seen, evidently
fleshy, 2-3 lin. thick when dried, glabrous; leaves alternate,
ascending, sessile, 2-61 in. long, 3-5 lin. broad, broadly linear or
linear-lanceolate, acute, narrowed at the base, glabrous on both
sides ; peduncles solitary in the axils of the leaves, 2-6 in. long,
SS
336 EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). [ Euphorbia.
glabrous, bearing a whorl or cluster of 3 bracts at the apex and
1 involucre or ultimately a small 2—3-rayed umbel, with a pair of
bracts under each of the lateral involucres when they are developed,
naked below ; bracts sessile, $—-1 in. long, 1-2 in. broad, deltoid-
ovate, acute or acuminate, often obtusely subangular at the base,
glabrous on both sides ; rays 3-4 lin. long; involucres sessile, 2-3
lin. in diam., cup-shaped, glabrous, with 5 glands and 5 transversely
oblong entire very minutely ciliate and puberulous lobes; glands
not contiguous, 1-2 lin. in their greater diam., spreading, trans-
versely oblong, and, from the inner margin being turned up or
inwards, somewhat 2-lipped, entire ; ovary sessile, glabrous ; styles
united below into a column } lin. long, with ascending-spreading
arms } lin. long, slightly notched at the apex ; capsule and seeds
not seen.
Eastern Recion: Natal; near the Tugela River, Gerrard, 1626 !
Possibly a small specimen, in the Natal Herbarium, collected by Mrs. K.
Saunders in Alexander County, may belong to this species. Better material is
required to make a more perfect description.
128. E. oxystegia (Boiss. Cent. Euphorb. 27, and in DC. Prodr.
xv. ii. 90) ; stem or branches (only a few scraps }—3 in. long seen)
succulent, cylindric, possibly branches from a shrub, 4-3 in. thick,
slightly tubereulate, marked with scars of fallen leaves and bearing
the persistent remains of the peduncles, spineless, puberulous or
minutely velvety ; leaves in a lax rosette at the apex of the stems
or scattered, spreading, 1-4 in. long, 3-7 lin. broad, lanceolate or
oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, sometimes apiculate, tapering at the base
into a puberulous petiole, otherwise glabrous on both sides, appa-
rently slightly fleshy, deciduous ; peduncles solitary in the axils of the
leaves, erect, 2}~6 lin. long, rather slender and scarcely } lin. thick,
velvety-puberulous, bearing a pair or a whorl of 3-5 bracts at the
base of the terminal simple 2-3-rayed umbel, and 1-2 bracts and
sometimes a single ray below it, persisting for 2 or more year’s ;
bracts 24-54 lin. long, 2-34 lin. broad, those on the peduncle
lanceolate, those at the base of the umbel and under the involucres
all free, not connate as originally described, rhomboid and as broad
as long, acute, recurved at the apex, remarkably angular at or
below the middle on each side, puberulous on both surfaces, appa-
rently sometimes red or purplish; rays 3-1} in. long, each wit
1 involucre, puberulous; involucre sessile, 13-2 lin. in diam., cup-
shaped, puberulous; with 5 glands and 5 oblong or subquadrate
ciliate or toothed lobes ; glands 2-1 lin. in their greater diam.,
transversely oblong or very broadly cuneate, entire, puberulous
on the back, glabrous above; ovary not seen. Berger, Sukk.
Euphorb. 123. E. bupleurifolia, E. Meyer b (not a), in Drége, Zwet
Pf. Documente, 184, name only, not of Jacq.
_ WesteRN Recion : Little Namaqualand ; between Goodmans Kraal and Kaus |
—_ Koper Berg), Drége, 4616! Kamaggas, Whitehead! near Spektakel, Bolus,
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE (Brown). 337
129. E. Clava (Jacq. Ic. i. 9, t. 85 and Collect. i. 104); stem
erect, simple and clavate or columnar when young, afterwards
branching, 1-4 ft. high, 1]-2} in. thick, with a long tapering basal
part ; branches erect, subparallel, about 1 in. thick, cylindric,
covered with hexagonal broadly conical tubercles }—2 in. in diam.,
and 2-3 lin. prominent, the older part of the main stem
tessellately marked by impressed lines into elongated rhomboid
scarcely prominent areas produced at their apex into a slight
tubercle, glabrous, green, not glaucous ; leaves only present on the
upper part of the stem and branches, alternate, sessile, spreading or
slightly deflexed, deciduous, 14-5} in. long, 14-3 lin. broad, linear
or linear-lanceolate, acute, more or less tapering to the base, slightly
folded lengthwise, glabrous, green ; peduncles solitary in the axils
of the leaves or tubercles, usually 3-7 in. long, sometimes shorter,
about $—} lin. thick, minutely puberulous, with 3-6 alternate bracts
Sseattered along them and a whorl of 3 forming a cup around the
Solitary involucre at their apex, withering and persisting several
seasons, but not forming spines; lower bracts 3—5 lin. long, 14-3
lin. broad, lanceolate to elliptic, acute, those under the involucre
3-5 lin. long, 14-4 lin. broad, transversely rhomboid-ovate or
elliptic-subrhomboid, abruptly apiculate or acute, all sessile, glabrous
or minutely puberulous at their very base, green; involucre sessile
within the bracts, about 1 in. in diam., cup-shaped glabrous or
rarely minutely puberulous outside, minutely puberulous in front
of the glands within, green, with 5 dark green glands and 5 sub-
orbicular or transversely elliptic minutely toothed or ciliate lobes ;
glands contiguous, 14-1} lin. in their greater diam., transverse,
narrowly oblong or subreniform, entire ; capsule sessile, about } in.
m diam., glabrous; styles 2-34 lin. long, united into a column
1-2 lin. long with spreading bifid arms }-1} lin. long; seeds
2 lin. long, ellipsoid, shortly pointed at one end, rugulose all
over, dark brown. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1, ii. 136; Willd. Sp. Pl. ii.
888 ; Spreng. Syst. Veg. iii. 787; Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 89;
Berger, Sukk. Euphorb. 120 (excl. syn. Treisia Clava, Haw.). E. cana-
liculata, Lam. Eneyel. ii. 417. E. coronata, Thunb. Prodr. ii. 86 and
Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 404; Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 89; Berger,
Sukk. Euphorb. 121. E. clavata, Salish. Prodr. 389. E. radiata,
E. Meyer ex Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 90 (not of E. Meyer's
Herbarium nor of Thunb.). Treisia tuberculata, Haw. Suppl. Pl.
¢. 65.—Euphorbium acaulon, erectum, &e., Burm. Rar. Afr, Pl. 12,
t. 6, fig. 1. Tithymalus aizoides africanus simplici squamato caule
chameenerii folio, Commelin, Preelud. Bot. 24 and 58, t. 8.
Sourn Arrica: without locality, Zhunberg! Drége! Herb. Lamarck! and
cultivated specimens !
Coast Recton : Uitenhage Div. ; near the Zwartkops River, Zeyher, 1101!
3851! Cannon Hill, near Uitenhage, MacOwan, 3179! Port Elizabeth Div. ; near
Port Elizabeth, Dréye, 40! Aloes, Burtt-Davy, 14299! Karoo, Gill! Albany
‘ Div. ; Grahamstown (cultivated ?), Schiinland, 1600!
bedescribed from a living plant cultivated at Kew. | Specimens of this plant have
by Droge and described by Boissier under the name of
Z
FL. C.—VoL. v.—SECT. II.
338 EUPHORBIACE (Brown). | Zuphorbia.
‘* F, radiata, E. Meyer.” But it is not the plant to which E. Meyer gave that
name. The type of £. radiata, E. Meyer, in E. Meyer's Herbarium at Liibeck,
with the name written in his own handwriting, and a note added by him to the
effect that it differs from H. tuberculata by the glands of the involucre being
toothed, is Drége, 2941, collected in Little Namaqualand, Aug. 12, 1830, and is
quite distinct from the plant distributed by Drége as ‘‘ E, radiata, E. Meyer,” of
which no specimen exists in E. Meyer's Herbarium, so that Drége must have had
the two species mixed, only giving one of them to E. Meyer for naming purposes.
I have seen in two of the sets of Drége’s plants, however, a section of the stem of
the true Z. radiata, E. Meyer, distributed with the specimens of Z. Clava, Jacq.;
under the name ‘‘ Z, radiata, E. Meyer,” but other sets have no such sections.
As E. Meyer did not publish descriptions with his names, and Boissier describes a
different plant from that which E. Meyer intended to bear the name of Z. radiata,
and as Thunberg had long before described another plant as /. radiata, I have
described the true F. radiata, E. Meyer, below as KE. restituta. E. Clava and
E. restituta grow in totally different regions 500 miles apart. I have dissected a
' flower of the type specimen of Z. coronata, Thunb., in Thunberg’s Herbarium, and
find it to be in every way identical with Z. Clava, Jacq.
E. Haworthii, Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. i. 356 (not of 357), founded upon Treisva
Clava, Haw. Syn. Pl. Succ. 131, is quoted by Boissier as a synonym of Z. Clava,
Jacq., but as Haworth describes the glands as being ‘ pectinate-serrate” it cannot
be £. Clava, Jacq.
130. E. pubiglans (N. E. Br.) ; stem succulent, spineless, simple
or sparingly branched, in the specimens seen 34-12 in. high, 1}-2
in. thick at the base, where it is abruptly rounded into the root
and gradually tapers upwards to }~1 in. thick at the very obtuse
apex, covered with densely crowded tubercles, glabrous, pale
greyish-green on the young growth, becoming grey; tubercles
crowded, arranged in 13 spirals, 2-34 lin. in their greater diam.
and 14-3 in their lesser, rhomboid or 6-angled at the base, very
obtuse, subhemispherical, 14-24 lin. prominent; leaves }$-1} in.
long, linear, with margins inrolled or folded together and in that
state about % lin. broad, glabrous; peduncles 3-2} in. long,
puberulous, with 3-5 small lanceolate acute bracts scattered along
them and a whorl of 5 large bracts at the apex, forming a perfectly
circular very flattened or plate-like cup 3-1 in. in diam. around
and closely embracing the involucre, glabrous except at the base
around the involucre, apparently purplish; involucre about } in-
in diam., minutely puberulous outside, with 5 glands and 5 rather
large broadly rounded minutely toothed and ciliate lobes rising
a blunt cone }~2 lin. above them; glands contiguous, 1}-13 lin.
in their greater diam., transverse, oblong, entire, distinctly puber¥-
lous on the upper surface along the outer and inner borders ; ovatTy
subsessile, subglobose, slightly 6-angled, puberulous ; styles 3—} lin.
long, united into a column for }—} of their length, straight, at first
slightly diverging, but scarcely exserted beyond the lobes of the
involucre, after fertilisation becoming parallel and closed together,
quite entire at the apex, puberulous on the basal part; capsule
and seeds not seen.
Coast Recioy : Port Elizabeth Div. ; near Port Elizabeth, Drége !
Described from living plants with shrivelled flowers attached and fresh flowets
preserved in fluid; sent to Kew in Sept. 1912 by Mr. I. L. Drége, of Pos;
Luphorvia. | EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). 339
Elizabeth. It is allied to E. Clava, Jacq., but the manner in which the base of the
upwardly tapering stem is abruptly rounded into the root, its very much smaller,
very crowded tubercles, shorter peduncles, pubescent glands and straight and much
shorter styles abundantly distinguish it. In the Cape Herbarium, mingled with
E. Clava, Jacq., are 2 pieces of this species under Zeyher, 3851, collected near the
Zwartkops River in Uitenhage Div.
131, E. restituta (N. E. Br.); stem erect, 1 ft. or more high,
1j-1} in. thick when dried, branching, succulent, cylindric,
covered with stout conical recurved tubercles 3-5 lin. prominent, with
a leaf-scar at their apex, glabrous ; leaves 1-214 in. long, linear, acute,
longitudinally folded, glabrous, soon deciduous ; peduncles 3-44 in.
long, variably curved, bearing several bract-scars scattered along
them and a terminal 5-rayed umbel about 1 in. in diam., glabrous,
withering and persisting for several seasons ; umbel-rays 3 in. long,
bearing 1 involucre and scars of a pair of bracts 2 lin, below it,
glabrous ; involucre about } in. in diam., cup-shaped, glabrous,
with 4 glands and 5 transversely rectangular toothed puberulous
lobes ; glands about 1} lin. in diam., subelliptic or suborbicular,
slightly concave, with 5-6 processes }—2 lin. long along the outer
margin, thickened or slightly lobed at their tips, apparently yellow ;
ovary exserted on a pedicel curved to one side, glabrous; styles
about 3 lin. long, united for half their length, with stout recurved-
Spreading dilated and deeply channelled tips; capsule and seeds
not seen. JF. radiata, E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei PA. Documente, 184,
name only, not of Thunb. nor of Boiss.
WesteRN Recton: Little Namaqualand ; between Zwartdoorn River and Groen
River, Drége, 2941; hills near Stinkfontein (near Garies), Schlechter, 11098!
between Stinkfontein and Garies, Pillans, 5579 !
This is the plant which E. Meyer intended to bear the name Z£. radiata, as
confirmed by the type specimens named by himself in his Herbarium at Liibeck,
and is entirely different from the plant which Drége afterwards distributed as
E. radiata, K. Meyer ; see under FE. Clava, Jacq. As the name £. radiata had
already been used by Thunberg for a totally different plant, and Boissier has
mistakenly described another plant for the present species, it appears to be
advisable in the face of so much confusion to give it a new name.
132. E. fasciculata (Thunb. Prodr. 86 and Fl. Cap. ed. Schult.
404); stem apparently solitary, unbranched, succulent, spiny,
erect, {-1 ft. high, 1}-3 in. (or more?) thick, cylindric, covered
with large hexagonal broadly and shortly ovoid-conic tubercles
2 in. prominent, each bearing a stout spine (in dried specimens
the spines often falsely appear to arise in the axils of the tubercles)
and immediately behind the base of the spine a triangular depres-
sion, at the apex of which the tubercle terminates in a short stout
conical slightly deflexed point, glabrous ; spines (modified peduncles)
‘Solitary, rigid, woody, incurved-erect or spreading, 1-2 in. long,
_4}-24 lin. thick, straight or variably curved, glabrous, apparently
_ pale brown or purple when young, pale grey or whitish with age ;
_ leaves only seen on the peduncles and possibly not developed on the
Stem, sessile, }-11 in. long, $-1} lin. broad, linear or ameter
oe
340 EUPHORBIACES (Brown). | Euphorbia.
late, obtuse, channelled down the face, fleshy, glabrous, soon de-
ciduous ; peduncles arising from the depressions immediately behind
the spines (not from the axils of them) apparently for several
seasons in succession, always shorter than the spines }—1 in. long,
bearing 1-3 involucres and a few leaves or bracts; involucres
unisexual, 1-1} in. in diam., cup-shaped or somewhat obconic,
glabrous or thinly puberulous on the upper part, with 5 glands
and 5 subquadrate or transversely subrectangular deeply fringed
puberulous lobes; glands (including their processes) 14-1} lin. in
their greater diam., transversely oblong, with their inner margin
inflexed, forming a small lip and their outer with 3-8 entire or
bifid linear processes }—} lin. long, apparently longer on the male
involucre than on the female ; capsule } in. in diam., with rounded
angles, exserted on a pedicel about as long as the involucre,
glabrous; styles 3 lin. long, stout, united up to the large trans-
versely oblong spreading stigmas; seeds 2 lin. long, oblong, with
3 (42) slight angles, scabrid-tuberculate, whitish. Boiss. in DC.
Prodr. xv. ii. 177. E. Scheenlandii, Pax in Jahrb. Ges. Vaterl. Kult.
Ixxxii. il, 24, and Fedde, Repert. i. 59.
Coast Recton; Clanwilliam Div. ; Karroo between the Olifants River and
Bockland Berg, Thunberg ! Clanwilliam (Woodsfield), specimen in Albany Museum,
cultivated at Grahamstown, collector not stated !
Western Recion: Van Rhynsdorp Div.; Attys, 400 ft., Schlechter, 8089!
near Van Rhynsdorp, Marloth, 2696 (photograph only) !
Thunberg has mistaken the stout spines for branches and described it as
unarmed, with the branches aggregated at the apex. In the original description
in his Prodromus he does not mention the flowers, but later, in Schultes’ edition
of his Flora Capensis, the plant is described as having the peduncles collected neat
the apex of the plant, and bearing a simple umbel of flowers. This description 18
also erroneous, and has been repeated by Boissier, who, however, states that the
species is wanting in Thunberg’s Herbarium, Thunberg’s type is at present 10
his Herbarium, and consists of a small plant sliced down the middle into two
portions; the specimen is not in flower, but 3 detached umbels belonging t®
another species are fixed to the same sheet ; these are evidently the peduncles and
umbels described by Schultes. These umbels, however, belong to some species
allied to E. mauritanica, Linn., and have no connection with £. fasciculata,
Thunb. The other specimens and the photograph quoted above are most certainly
identical with £. fasciculata, Thunb., and have enabled me to give a more
complete description of it ; the Woodsfield specimen is the type of Z. Schenlandi,
Pax. The manner in which the peduncles arise from a slight cavity behind the
spines is very remarkable and quite unlike the mode of flowering in any other
state Ihave seen. The spines are more erect and incurved on some plants than
on others. :
133, E. multiceps (Berger in Monatsschr. Kakt. xv. 182,
with fig.) ; succulent, spiny, resembling a cone, }-2 ft. high and
3-10 in. in diam. at the base, formed of a thick fleshy a1,
covered with very numerous densely crowded horizontally spreading
branches, those at the basa] part in large specimens 2-3} in. long
and 7-1} in. thick, the others gradually decreasing in 176
somewhat clavate-cylindric, covered with crowded rhomboid oF
hexagonal tubercles 1-2 lin. prominent, glabrous, dull gree?
leaves 4-} in. long and 3-1 lin. broad under cultivation, cuneate
Euphorbia.) EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). 341
linear or subspathulate-linear, obtuse, apiculate, glabrous, green, soon
deciduous ; spines (modified peduncles) solitary, some arising from
the axis of the cone, others from the branches, ascending, 4-2} lin.
long and 1-2} lin. thick, straight or curved, angular, with prominent
bract-scars, glabrous ; flowering peduncles 3—4 lin. long, solitary in the
axils of the tubercles at the tips of the branches, bearing 1 involucre
and several very deciduous bracts; involucre 24-3 lin. in diam.,
with 5 glands and 5 subquadrate ciliate lobes; glands distant,
$-+14 lin. in their greater diam., transversely oblong, concave,
minutely punctate, with 2-4 linear or oblong recurved or sub-
revolute lobes or processes 1—} lin. long on the outer margin,
_ truncate or minutely notched at their tips; capsule sessile, 23-3
lin. in diam., slightly 3-grooved, glabrous; styles united into a
column } lin. long, with flattened spreading arms } lin. long,
revolute and notched at the dilated tips; seeds 1} lin. long,
somewhat conical, truncate at the base, acute at the apex, con-
stricted at the middle, 4-angled, very indistinctly rugulose, dark
brown. Berger, Sukk. Euphorb. 109 ; Marloth in Wissensch. Ergebn.
Deutsch. Tiefsee-Exped. ii. iii. 248, fig. 102, 1; N. E. Br. in Kew
Bulletin, 1912, 246, with Jig.
Centrat Recion: Laingsburg Div. ; common near Matjesfontein, Marloth,
5105! Bolus, 13414!
WEsTERN Recion : Little Namaqualand ; on flat ground at Ratel Kraal, near
Ookiep, locally common, Good in Herb. Pearson, 5047 !
Partly described from a living plant sent to Kew without indication of locality,
by Prof. Pearson in 1911.
134, E, Eustacei (N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 122 with
fig.) ; plant forming hemispherical cushions 44-6 in. high and 9-12
in. in diam., composed of numerous crowded succulent branches
armed with long white spines, dicwcious; branches 24-4} in. long,
3-} in. thick, cylindric, obtuse, tessellately marked by depressed
lines into 6-angled or rhomboid areas (not prominent tubercles)
about 2 lin. long and 2-3 lin. broad, glabrous, light green; leaves
petiolate, 3-11 in. long, 2-44 lin. broad, oblanceolate, obtuse or
subacute, mucronate, tapering from about the middle into a petiole
2-3 lin. long, glabrous to the eye, but under a lens very minutely
puberulous on both sides, deciduous; spines (modified peduncles)
solitary, 3-2 in. long, ascending or spreading, rigid, very white ;
peduncles solitary in the axils of the rhomboid areas, when flowering
1} in. long, bearing 1 involucre and 2-3 bracts near the middle
and a whorl of 3-4 under the involucre, minutely and thinly
puberulous, light green, becoming transformed into spines after
the fall of the flower or fruit; bracts sessile, spreading, 14-2} lin.
long, 1-13 lin. broad, oblong or obovate-oblong, very obtuse or
Subemarginate, minutely apiculate, those at the middle minutely
puberulous on the back, those under the involucre larger than the
others and glabrous; involucre sessile within the bracts, 2-3 lin.
in diam., with the male usually larger than the female, cup-shaped,
342 EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). | Zuphorbia.
glabrous or very minutely puberulous, with 5 glands and 5 sub-
quadrate toothed lobes; glands spreading, not contiguous, }-1}
lin. in their greater diam., transverse, broadly cuneate-subrect-
angular, entire; ovary sessile and included in the involucre,
capsule just exserted from it, } in. in diam., depressed subglobose,
3-grooved, very minutely velvety-puberulous; styles united into a
column # lin. long, with spreading arms 2 lin. long, bifid, with
diverging lobes at the tips; seeds about 14 lin. long, ovoid, faintly
and minutely rugulose, greyish. N. E. Br. in Gard. Chron. 1913,
liv. 355, fig. 129. E. Hystrix, Marloth in Wissensch. Ergebn. Deutsch.
Tiefsee-Exped. ii. iii. 288 and 287, fig. 114, not of Jacq.
CenTRaL Recion: Laingsburg Div. ; near Matjesfontein, Pillans !
Described from living plants sent to Kew by Mr. Eustace Pillans, which flowered
in February, 1914.
135. E. loricata (Lam. Encycel. ii. 416); a branching spiny
shrub, 1-3 ft. high, with well developed leaves ; stems and branches
3-} in. thick, fleshy, cylindric, slightly tuberculate in spiral series,
glabrous; leaves clustered at the tips of the branches, 1-3 in. long,
14-3 lin. broad, linear or linear-lanceolate, obtuse and minutely
apiculate at the apex, tapering to the narrow sessile base, glabrous
on both sides ; spines (modified peduncles) numerous, rigid, ascend-
ing, solitary, 4-2 in. long, grey or brown; peduncles }~2 in. long,
when young bearing three broadly ovate or orbicular-obovate
bracts 24-3 lin. long and 24 lin. broad surrounding one involucre at
the apex ; involucre sessile within the bracts, } in. in diam., cup-
shaped, glabrous, with 5 glands and 5 subquadrate fringed lobes ;
glands about 1-1} lin. in their greater diam., transversely oblong,
entire, green; capsule erect on a pedicel about as long as the
involucre, 34 lin. in diam., globose, with 3 very slight furrows, not at
all lobed, glabrous ; styles united into a column about lin. long,
with spreading bifid arms # lin. long; seeds 1} lin. long, ellipsoid-
oblong, rugulose, greyish-brown. Poir. Encycl. Suppl. ii. 607 ;
Pers. Syn. ii. 11. E. Hystrix, Jacq. Hort. Schoenbr. ii. 43, t. 207 5
Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 885 (excel. references to Petiver & Plukenet) ; Ait.
Hort. Kew. ed. 2, iii. 157 ; Spreng. Syst. Veg. iii. 786 ; Boiss. in DC.
Prodr. xv. ii. 90; Berger, Sukk. Euphorb. 120. E. armata, Thunb.
Prodr. 86 and Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 402. Treisia Hystrix, Haw. Syn.
Pl. Suce. 131. Alhagi Maurorum, var., Nees in Ecklon & Zeyh.
Enum, 8. Afr. Pl. 252, not of Medic.
Sours Arrica : without locality, Thunberg !
Coast Recion: Van Rhynsdorp Div. ; Gift Berg, Phillips, 7636! Clanwilliam
Div. ; Lange Valley, Dréye, 2955! Olifants River Valley, Schlechter, 7989 ! Diels,
356! between Olifants River and Kanakas Berg, Zeyher, 1532! near Wupperthal,
MacOwan, 3223 ! and Herb, Austr.-4fr., 1955! Bolus, 9088! near Clanwilliam,
Leipoldt, 670! 681!
CentRAL Recon: Prince Albert Div. ; Sand River Mountains, Marloth, 4395!
136, E. atrispina (N. E. Br.); habit unknown, unisexual ; only
a living branch 2 in. long and 3 in. thick seen, succulent, spiny»
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). 343
cylindric, with 6-9 broadly rounded ribs or angles, slightly pro-
minent on the upper part scarcely so below, and slightly crenate,
glabrous, dark dull green, with a more or less evident whitish
seurfy coating, probably produced by a thin waxy exudation;
leaves rudimentary, }—} lin. long, deltoid or deltoid-ovate, acute,
dark brown, deciduous ; spines (modified peduncles) solitary, 3-10
(usually 5-6) lin. long, very spreading, bearing 2 or more very
minute scale-like bracts, glabrous to the eye, but under a lens
thinly and most minutely powdery-puberulous, black ; peduncles
about 2 lin. long, otherwise like the spines, bearing 3 bracts and
1 involucre at their apex ; bracts spreading, 4-2 lin. long, ovate,
acute, dark purple or purple-brown ; female involucre about 1} lin.
in diam. and not quite 1 lin. deep, male probably larger or deeper,
cup-shaped, glabrous outside, rather thinly pubescent within, with
5 glands and 5 subquadrate finely toothed rather large lobes ;
glands not contiguous, erect in the only dried flower seen, } lin. in
their greater diam., transversely elliptic, not pitted ; ovary sessile,
glabrous ; styles united into a column 1 lin. long, with stout
spreading arms } lin. long, very broadly cuneate, bilobed and } lin.
broad across their stout diverging tips ; fruit and seeds not seen.
CENTRAL RuGion : Prince Albert Div. ; near Prince Albert, Pearson !
Described from a small living plant sent in 1912 to Kew by Prof.
H H. W. Pearson. It is closely allied to EZ. heptagona, Linn., and similar to that
Species in the only flower seen, but the appearance of the plant is so different that
I do not think it can possibly be a variety of it. The angles, instead of being
acute and distinctly triangular, are, in #. atrispina, merely broadly rounded
crenations in transverse sections, the colour of the stem is of a very dark dull
green, with a thin whitish scurfy or powdery coating, and the spines are black. A
dead plant of what I believe to be this species was subsequently sent to me by
Mr. Pillans from Prince Albert Div. This plant seems to indicate that £. atrispina
18 a dwarf species only attaining a height of 8-4 inches.
137. E. pulvinata (Marloth in Trans. Roy. Soc. 8. Afr. i, 315
and 317, fig. 1); plant forming ‘a dense spiny cushion-like mass
about 6 in. high, composed of crowded succulent leafless spiny
branches, sometimes several plants are aggregated into masses 2-4 ft.
in diam., dicecious ; branches 1—5 in. long, 1-1} in. thick, at first
globose, becoming cylindric, constantly 7-angled in the specimens
seen, very obtusely rounded at the tips with the apex slightly
depressed, green, glabrous; angles subacute, slightly crenate, with
broad triangular furrows about 14-2 lin. deep between them, which
flatten with age ; leaves rudimentary, 1 (or under cultivation 2) lin.
long, linear-lanceolate, acute, deciduous, leaving small white scars ;
Spines (modified peduncles) }—} in. long, solitary and irregularly
Scattered along the angles, usually }-} in. apart, sometimes more
closely placed, with a few minute scale-like bracts scattered along
them when young, glabrous, dull red, becoming brown or grey with
_ 4ge; involucres clustered at the apex of the branches, sessile or
very shortly pedunculate, in‘the male plant about 2 lin. and in the
female about 14 lin. in diam., shortly and broadly cup-shaped,
344 EUPHORBIACE (Brown). | Euphorbia.
glabrous, dark red-purple, with 5 glands and 5 transversely oblong
toothed or subentire lobes ; glands distinct, }—3 lin. in their greater
diam., transversely elliptic-oblong, entire, dark purple ; ovary sessile,
but exceeding the involucre, glabrous; styles ?—-1 lin. long, stout,
united for nearly or quite half their length, then spreading, 2-lobed
at the apex; capsule about 21 lin. in diam., obtusely 3-angled ;
seeds 1} lin. long, ovoid or somewhat pear-shaped, smooth, glabrous,
pale brown.
Coast Recion: Queenstown Div.; common on the sides and summits of
mountains near Queenstown, 4000-5000 ft., Galpin, 2527! Phillips, Marloth,
4372. Cathcart Div. ; near Cathcart, ex Galpin.
CenTraL Recion: Somerset Div.; near Bushmans River Station, Rogers!
Cradock Div. ; near Cradock, Burtt-Davy, 7988! Miss Murray! Aliwal North
Div. ; near Aliwal North, Burtt-Davy, 5874!
Described from living plants sent to Kew by Mr. E. E. Galpin, who originally
discovered it. One plant, collected at the top of a mountain, where it had been
subjected to grass-fires, had the ends of the branches modified into truncately
conical tips, with the edges of the angles singed and discoloured so as to form
large ovate or somewhat rhomboid pale brownish-white areas ; just as if the angles
had been cut off with a knife, but leaving the spines, giving the plant quite 4
different appearance from those uninjured by the fire.
138. E, aggregata (Berger, Sukk. Euphorb. 92); a tufted spiny
succulent, 2-3 in. high; stems erect, 3-1} in. thick, usually 8-9-
(sometimes 7-) angled, crowded, succulent, grass-green on the growing
part, brown below ; angles obtuse, subentire, about 1 lin. prominent,
with broadly triangular grooves between them at the tips, becoming
less prominent and the grooves flattened below; leaves rudimentary,
2-1 lin. long, shortly linear or linear-lanceolate, acute, fleshy, soon
deciduous; spines (modified peduncles) solitary, }—} in. long,
minutely puberulous and reddish or purplish when young, absent
from some parts of the stems ; involucres subsessile at the apex of
the stems, campanulate, with spreading greenish-yellow glands.
E. enneagona, Berger in Monatsschr. Kakt. xii. 109.
Coast ReGion: without locality, cultivated specimen !
Described from a living portion of the type, sent to Kew by Mr. Berger, but I
have not seen flowers. It is closely allied to Z. pulvinata, Marloth, but the stems
are not so stout, the angles more numerous, smaller, more obtuse and less pro-
minent, the green colour is brighter and the spines are shorter and puberulous.
139. E. alternicolor (N. E. Br.); dwarf, succulent, spiny and
leafless, forming a tufted cushion-like mass 3-4 in. high ; stems
erect, about 1-1} in. apart at their tips, 24-34 in. long, 1-1} in.
thick, 8-10- (often 9-) angled, glabrous, alternately marked with
dull green and whitish-green transverse bands about 1 lin. broad ;
angles subacute, 1-1} lin. prominent, with slightly toothed crests,
separated by broadly triangular grooves having an impressed line
down their middle ; leaves rudimentary, 3-13 lin. long, linear,
acute, glabrous, withering and persisting for a time, then deciduous ;
spines (modified peduncles) solitary, very spreading, }—} in. long,
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACEA (Brown). 345
rather slender, about 2 lin. thick at the base, reddish or brown,
minutely puberulous, bearing 2-3 minute scale-like bracts ; flowers
and fruit not seen.
Soutu Arrica: without locality, Pillans!
_Allied to #. aggregata, Berger, and £. pulvinata, Marloth, but readily dis-
tinguished from all by the tessellately variegated stems and minutely puberulous
spines.
140. E. captiosa (N. E. Br.); habit probably similar to that of
E, heptagona, Linn. ; plant about 1 ft. high, sparingly branching
from the base; stems erect, succulent, spiny, 1} in. or more thick,
10-angled in the only portions of a dried stem seen, glabrous,
apparently green and not glaucous; angles apparently obtuse and
not very prominent, with an impressed line down the centre of each
of the grooves between them ; leaves rudimentary, }—1 lin. long,
linear-lanceolate, thick and fleshy, minutely puberulous and ciliate,
soon deciduous; spines (modified peduncles) solitary, spreading,
closely placed, 1-1} lin. apart, 3-1 in. long, 3—3 lin. thick, glabrous,
apparently purplish or reddish, becoming grey, bearing 5 or 6
minute scattered scales or bracts; peduncles solitary, clustered at
the apex of the stems, about 1 lin. long on the specimen seen, but
probably elongating with age and becoming transformed into spines
at the fall of the flower or fruit, bearing 4-5 minute scale-like
bracts scattered along them, and a whorl of 4 larger bracts immedi-
ately under the solitary involucre at the apex; larger bracts }-1}
lin. long, 4-1 lin. broad, oblong, very obtuse or slightly notched at
the apex, apiculate, slightly keeled down the back, adpressed to and
the longer about equalling the involucre, minutely ciliate, thinly
puberulous on the inner face, glabrous on the back ; involucre on
dried specimens 1# lin. in diam., obconic, glabrous outside on the
cup and the 5 glands, puberulous within and down the centre of
the backs of the 5 subquadrate or transversely rectangular lobes ;
glands not contiguous, erect in the dried specimen, } lin. in their
greater diam., transversely elliptic, entire, deeply wrinkled or
corrugated on their upper or inner surface, especially at the outer
margin ; ovary sessile, glabrous ; styles united into a column } lin.
long, with stout spreading arms } lin. long, bifid at their tips ;
capsule and seeds not seen.
CENTRAL Recion: Aberdeen Div. ; near Aberdeen, Schinland, 1661!
Described from a specimen preserved in the Albany Museum, which was
cultivated and flowered in the Museum grounds in September, 1904.
141, E. submammillaris (Berger, Sukk. Euphorb. 95); plant
Succulent, spiny, much-branched, in the specimens seen forming
a small bushy mass 4-8 in. high, perhaps ultimately making
a dense clump; branches (excluding the spines) 3-1 in. thick,
_ rect, 7-10-angled, with grooves about 2 lin. deep between the
angles, glabrous, deep green, without markings and not glaucous ;
346 EUPHORBIACE (Brown). [ Luphorbia.
angles subacute, slightly and obtusely toothed, with transverse
impressed lines 14—2 lin. apart, between the teeth, scarcely distin-
guishable in dried specimens ; leaves rudimentary, soon deciduous,
about 14 lin. long, and + lin. broad, linear-lanceolate, very acute,
spreading, glabrous, green, reddish at the margins and tips; spines
(abortive peduncles) solitary between the teeth along the angles,
5-10 lin. long, slender, pale brown, bearing 3-4 minute leaves or
bracts scattered along the upper part ; flowering peduncles 13-2
lin, long, glabrous, purple, with 5-6 oblong acute or obtuse apicu-
late glabrous minutely ciliate purple bracts 1-14 lin. long;
involucre solitary, 24 lin. in diam., obconic-campanulate, glabrous.
below, minutely puberulous at the upper part, dark purple, with
5 glands and 5 transversely oblong toothed puberulous lobes ;
glands contiguous, spreading, 1-11 lin. in their greater diam.,
transversely oblong, entire, minutely pitted-rugulose on the upper
surface. LE. cereiformis, var. submammillaris, Berger in Monatsschr.
Kakt. xii. 106, with fig., 125.
SourH Arrica: locality and collector unknown, cultivated specimens !
Described partly from Mr. Berger’s type specimen and partly from living plants
cultivated at Kew.
142, E, mammillaris (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 451, and Amen. Acad.
iii. 108) ; adult plants 1-3 ft. high, succulent, leafless, more or less
spiny, erect, branching in a clustered or more or less whorled
manner, glabrous, dull green, becoming greyish-brown with age,
dicecious ; branches 1-14 in. thick, cylindric, with 8-17 tessellately
tuberculate vertical angles ; tubercles 6-angled, 2 lin. long, 2-44 lin.
broad and 1} lin. prominent, those at the tips of the branches
hemispheric, broadening with age and becoming very obtusely
convex-conical, with a central whitish leaf-scar, but without a
very evident transverse keel-line across the centre ; leaves rudi-
mentary, scale-like, soon deciduous, 3-3 lin. long, oblong or broadly
ovate, acute or subobtuse, glabrous, but often minutely denticulate-
ciliate ; spines (modified peduncles) solitary in the axils of the
tubercles, 4~7 lin. long, usually more or less clustered in whorl-
like groups at intervals along the stem and branches, grey ; flower-
ing peduncles solitary in the axils of the tubercles, clustered at
the apex.of the branches, 3—] lin, long, bearing 4—9 closely placed
small bracts and 1 involucre, glabrous; bracts about 1 lin. long,
oblong or obovate-oblong, with recurved acute tips, usually minutely
toothed at the apical part, minutely ciliate, otherwise glabrous,
dull purple; male involucres about 2 lin. long and 23-2? lin. in
diam., and the female about 1-1} lin. long and 14-14 lin, in diam.
in fresh specimens, smaller when dried, cup-shaped, glabrous or very
minutely puberulous outside under the glands, with 5 or in the
female sometimes 4 glands and 5 transversely rectangular toothed
or fringed lobes; glands not contiguous, those of the male involucre
when fresh 1-11 (in dried flowers +1) lin. in their greater diam.,
of the female involucre 3- lin. in their greater diam., in both
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE (Brown). 347
transversely elliptic-oblong, entire, with a slight depression in
front of the slightly raised inner margin, pitted-rugose, dark
purple in the female and of a lighter colour (always?) in the male ;
capsule (immature) about 2 lin. in diam., subglobose, without a calyx,
exserted on a pedicel about as long as the involucre, glabrous or
_ perhaps minutely puberulous on the top when young; styles united
into a column 1 lin. long, with spreading or recurved-spreading stout
bifid arms }—3 lin. long ; seeds not seen. Lam. Eneycl. ii. 414; Willd.
Sp. Pl. ii. 883 ; Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 88 ; Goebel, Pflanzenbiol.
Schilderung. i. t..1, fig. 2. E. erosa, Berger, Sukk. Euphorb. 90, not of
Willdenow. EE. cereiformis, K. Schum. in Monatsschr. Kakt. viii. 55, not
of Linn.—Tithymalus aizoides africanus, validissimis spinis, dc., Commel.
Preelud. Bot. 59, fig. 9. Euphorbium polygonum, aculeis longioribus,
de., Isnard in Mém. Acad. Roy. des Sciences, Paris, 1720, 386.
Coast Reaion : Uitenhage Div. ; among shrubs on Cannon Hill, near Uitenhage,
MacOwan, 3143, and in Herb. Norm. Austr.-Afr., 1956! hills near the Zwartkops
River, Zeyher, 3848! Redhouse, Mrs. Paterson, 721! 1009! 2099! Port Elizabeth
Div. ; hills near Port Elizabeth, Marloth, 4669! Drége, 40°! The Creek, Mrs.
Paterson, 2095!
CentTRaL REGIon : Somerset Div. ; Bushmans River Station, Rogers !
Described from living plants and dried flowers sent to Kew by Mrs. Paterson
and Mr. I. L. Drége. This species seems to have been founded by Linnzus
entirely upon the figure in Commelin’s Praludia Botanica. No specimen of it
exists in his Herbarium and probably he never saw the plant. Later authors
appear to have mistaken another closely allied species (2. jimbriata, Scop.) for it.
But it is quite clear that Commelin’s figure represents the Uitenhage and Port
Elizabeth plant, and not that figured by Berger (Sukk. Euphorb. p. 91) as
£. mammillaris, which is a native of a more westerly part of Cape Colony and is
commonly cultivated under that name. But the true #. mammillaris is a stouter
and softer plant, with more prominent and more hemispherical tubercles. The
synonymy above quoted belongs, I believe, to this plant, but the following may
partly belong to #. fimbriata, Scop., but it is now quite impossible to determine,
viz.— E, mammillaris, Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. viii. no. 8; Thunb. Prodr. 86, and
Fl. Cap. ed. Schult, 403 ; Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1, ii. 134; Haw. Syn, Pl. Suce. 128.
Of E. mammillaris I have seen both male and female involucres in a dried state,
but only the male preserved in fluid. When dried flowers are boiled for dissection,
the male is decidedly much larger than the female and its glands appear to be of a
much paler and possibly greenish colour. I have found both unisexual and
bisexual involucres on the same plant, but do not know if this is always the case.
A young plant sent to Kew by Mrs. Paterson indicates that the seedling first
orms a globose stem about 1 in. in diam., from which arise the numerous
eylindric erect stems that ultimately form the clump-like growth of the plant.
143. E. fimbriata (Scop. Delic. Insub. iii. 8, t. 4); plant 1-3 ft.
high, succulent, leafless, more or less spiny, erect, branching in a
clustered or more or less whorled manner, diccious; branches
ascending or erect, but sometimes decumbent and rooting at the
base, 7-11 in. thick, 7-12-angled, glabrous, green, becoming light
brown with age; angles not spirally arranged, 1-1} lin. prominent,
_ tessellately divided by impressed lines into 6-angled transversely
_ oblong tubercles 14-2 lin. long, 2}-4 lin. broad, very broadly and
_ obtusely subconical, with a central whitish leaf-scar and a slight
but distinct transverse raised line across their middle; leaves
ee Od
348 EUPHORBIACEE (Brown). | Huphorbia.
rudimentary, soon deciduous, 1-1} lin. long, }—$ lin. broad, ovate
or elliptic-lanceolate, acute; spines (modified peduncles) solitary
in the axils of the tubercles, 3-8 lin. long, horizontally spreading,
more or less clustered in whorl-like groups at irregular distances
along the stems and branches, green when young, changing to red
and finally grey, bearing about 4 minute deciduous bracts ; flowers
clustered at the apex of the branches, solitary in the axils of the
tubercles; peduncles in the male plant 1-1} lin. long, bearing
1 involucre and 3-4 oblong obtuse entire bracts }—1 lin. long; in
the female plant 0 and the involucre sessile, surrounded by the
bracts; involucre of the male plant 24-3 lin. in diam., of the
female 11-1} lin. in diam., cup-shaped, glabrous, green, with 95
glands and 5 transversely rectangular denticulate lobes ; glands
{-1{ lin. in their greater diam. in the male and about }—{ lin. in
the female plant, transversely oblong or with their inner margin
nearly straight and the outer forming a semicircle, entire or
minutely crenulate, rugose, green; ovary sessile, subglobose,
scarcely angular, without a calyx at its base, glabrous ; styles
1 lin. long, united for half their length into a stout column, with
stout spreading deeply bifid tips, green; fruit not seen. E. 200
poliana, Steud. Nom. ed. 2, 615; Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 87.
E. enneagona, Haw. Mise. Nat. 184, and Syn. Pl. Succ. 128 ; Spreng.
Syst. Veg. iii. 786. E. mammillaris, Berger in Monatsschr. Kakt.
xii. 109, with figs., and Sukk. Ewphorb. 90, fig. 22, incl. var, spinosior,
not of Linn.
Sout Arrica : without locality, cultivated plants !
Coast Recon : Worcester Div, ; near Worcester, Pillans!
Described from living plants cultivated at Kew. This species seems to be the
one generally cultivated under the name of #. mammillaris, and I think that,
besides the synonymy above given, it is probable that some of the references to
EL. mammillaris mentioned in the note under that species may belong here.
retain Scopoli’s name for this plant, as it was published in 1787, whilst 2.
Jimbriata of Roth was not published until 1801 although maintained by preference
by Boissier as a species of his own. £. enneagona, Haw., was published in 1803.
£. mammillaris, Thunb. Prodr. 86 and FI. Cap. ed. Schult. 403, which is stated Med
have been collected at Hantam, may belong to this species, but the description 18
quite insufficient to determine, and the colour of the flowers is not mentioned.
There is no specimen of it in Thunberg’s Herbarium. I believe that I am right
in referring #. enneagona of Haworth to this species, his description fairly agrees
and the yellowish-green involucre, as described by him, distinguishes it at once
from £. cereiformis, to which species Berger has referred it. The pendulous
branches mentioned by Haworth are occasionally seen in this and allied species,
and I think are due to a want of sufficient water at the time of their formation.
144. E. cereiformis (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 451, excl. all syn.); stems
2-3 ft. high, 1-2 in. thick, erect, branching, succulent, spiny,
9-11-angled, deep green, not glaucous ; angles acute, with triangular
grooves } in. deep between them, toothed ; teeth small, 14-2 lin.
apart, when young tipped with rudimentary recurved fleshy lan-
ceolate acute leaves, usually 1-14 (but sometimes up to 4) lin. long,
minutely ciliate and usually with a few hairs on the back ; spines
(modified peduncles) solitary, 24-5 lin. long, very spreading, needle-
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE (Brown). 349
like, reddish-brown, becoming grey with age, usually with a few
minute bracteoles, absent from some parts of the stem; peduncles
(tlower-bearing spines) clustered at the apex of the stems, usually
13-3 lin. long, sometimes up to 3 in. long, bearing 1 involucre and
several small scale-like ovate dull-purple bracts ; involucre uni-
sexual, 2 lin. in diam., cup-shaped, most minutely puberulous on the
upper part, dull purple, with 5 glands and 5 transverse toothed
lobes woolly on their inner surface; glands }-1 lin. in their greater
diam., transversely oblong, minutely pitted, blackish-purple ; ovary
at first subsessile, finally exserted on a pedicel about as long as the
involucre, globose, puberulous, dull purple ; styles 14 lin. long, rather
stout, united for half their length, with bifid spreading tips. Linn.
Amen, Acad. iti. 108, ewel. all syn.; Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. viii.no.9 ; Ait.
Hort. Kew. ed. 1, ii. 134, and ed. 2, iti. 156; Thunb. Prodr. 86, and Fl.
Cap. ed. Schult. 403 ; Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 883 ; Haw. Syn. Pl. Suce. 129;
Spreng. Syst. Veg. iii. 786 ; Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 88, partly,
and Ic. Euphorb. t. 48; Berger, Sukk. Euphorb. 96, fig. 24 (excl. syn.
E. enneagona). E. erosa and E. odontophylla, Willd. Enum. Pl. Hort.
Berol. Suppl. 27, 28 ; Link, Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. ii. 9; Spreng.
Syst. Veg. iii. 786. E. polygonata, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1334. Treisia
erosa, Haw. Suppl. Pl. Succ. 66. E. echinata, Salm-Dyck, Hort.
Dyck, 342. E. cereiformis, var. echinata, Salm-Dyck, ex Boiss. in.
DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 88.
Sourn Arrica?: without locality, cultivated specimens!
Described from living plants. This species was introduced into cultivation
about or before 1730 and is said to have come from South Africa, and according to
Thunberg it grows on the Karvo, but its native locality still appears to be unknown,
no modern collector having found it. The plant figured in Commelin, Rar.
Plant. Hort. Amstelod. i. 21, t. 11 as Euphorbium Cerei effigie, etc. and wrongly
quoted by Linneus under £. oficinarum, may possibly be intended to represent
EL. cereiformis ; if this proves to be the case, then this species will not be a South
African plant, as Commelin states that it comes from near Salee on the coast of
Morocco. When founding £. cereiformis, Linneus quotes as synonyms references
to four authors, of which that of Isnard belongs to Z. oficinarum, Linn. ; that of
Boerhaave doubtfully belongs to FZ. cereiformis, and according to his synonymy
certainly includes /. stellespina, Haw.; that of Burmann belongs to Crassula
Pyramidalis, Linn. f., and those of Morison and of Plukenet belong to L. stella-
spina, Haw. LE. cereiformis, Lam. Encycl. ii. 414, is described as having nearly
sessile flowers, placed among the spines at the “summit of the stems, this may
therefore possibly be the female plant of Z. fimbriata, Scop.
145, E. pentagona (Haw. in Phil. Mag. 1828, 187); a succulent
spiny shrub, 4—9 ft. high, “forming a dense rounded bush” (Wood),
unisexual, with the stems and branches bearing clusters or whorls
of branches at intervals 4-18 in. apart, all erect and somewhat
closely packed, 2-1} in. thick or perhaps thicker when old, usually
5-6- (occasionally 4- or 7-) angled, glabrous, green, becoming grey ;
angles acute, 1-2 lin. prominent, very slightly toothed or nearly
even, with broad triangular grooves between them, each marked
_ with an impressed line down the centre; leaves rudimentary,
_ Spreading, 1-2 or under cultivation up to 3} lin. long, 3 lin. broad,
350 EUPHORBIACEE (Brown). [ Euphorbia.
linear or linear-lanceolate, acute, slightly channelled down the face,
glabrous, withering and persisting for a time (at least under culti-
vation), then deciduous; spines (modified peduncles) solitary,
regularly scattered along the angles or sometimes few or nearly or
quite absent, 3-7 (rarely up to 10) lin. long, bearing 2-3 minute
alternate scale-leaves, glabrous, light brown; peduncles solitary,
clustered at the apex of the branches, 2-6 lin. long, with 2-3 minute
alternate bracts on the lower part, and a whorl of 3 at its apex,
and developing 1-3 involucres, very minutely puberulous or perhaps
sometimes glabrous, light brown, ultimately persistent and trans-
formed into spines; bracts under the involucre spreading, 1-1?
lin. long, 3-1 lin. broad, oblong or oblong-obovate, obtuse or .
rounded at the apex, minutely puberulous on the upper side,
glabrous on the back, dull purple; involucre (male) 2 lin. in diam.,
cup-shaped, entirely dark dull purple, with 5 glands and 5 sub-
quadrate or transversely oblong minutely ciliate lobes ; glands not
contiguous 3-1 lin. in their greater diam., transversely oblong or
elliptic, entire ; stamens densely white-pubescent ; ovary and capsule
not seen. Boiss. in DO. Prodr. xv. ii. 89; Berger, Sukk. Euphorb.
93. E. heptagona, Berger, Sukk. Euphorb. 93 and 94, fig. 23, not of
Linn. E. tetragona, Sim, For. Fl. Cape Col. 316, partly, and t. 141,
_ fig. tii. 2 and 3, not of Haw.
Sours Arrica: without locality, Bowie, and cultivated specimens !
Coasr Recton: Albany Div. ; hill sides near Alicedale, Marloth, 4373 ! 4380!
King Williamstown Div. ; Quarry Hill, near King Williamstown, Galpin, 8101!
East London Div. ; dry rocky places near East London, Rattray, 382! banks of
the Nahoon River, about 3 miles from its mouth, Wood! Komgha Div. ; rocky
places near Keimouth, Flanagan, 2344 !
Described from living plants cultivated at Kew and from living specimens sent
to Kew by Messrs. Galpin and Rattray. In the Kew Herbarium is preserved 4
drawing of a branch (probably a rooted cutting) of this plant introduced by Bowie
in 1823. This drawing represents a very poor shrivelled and spineless branch, and
although doubtless the species, is evidently not the actual specimen, described by
Haworth, since he describes its spines. Galpin’s 8101 is stouter than the other
nied specimens seen, but is quite the same as the Alicedale and Keimouth
Pp A
146. E. heptagona (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 450, and Amen. Acad. iii.
109); erect, succulent, branching, spiny and leafless, up to 2 ft.
high, unisexual ; stems and branches 3-12 in. thick, varying in
stoutness in different individuals, 5-10- (but frequently 6-8-) angled,
glabrous, green or slightly glaucous in a wild state; angles 1-2}
lin. prominent, stout, subacute, nearly even or slightly crenulate at
the edges, separated by broad triangular grooves, each marked with
an impressed straight or more rarely slightly zigzag line down
the centre; leaves rudimentary, 4-1 lin. long, deltoid or deltoid-
lanceolate, acute or acuminate, dark purple-brown, sessile, their base
neither seated upon nor forming a small tubercle, but even with the
general level of the crests of the angles ; spines (modified peduncles)
solitary, regularly scattered along the angles, very spreading,
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE (Brown). 351
straight, }-1 in. long, $-3 lin. thick at the base, glabrous, purple-
brown, becoming grey with age, bearing some minute sessile ovate
acute scales or bracts; peduncles solitary, }—} in. long, glabrous
(or perhaps sometimes puberulous), purple-brown, bearing a whorl
of 3 or more rarely 2 ovate or elliptic bracts 4-3 lin. long
close under the solitary involucre at the apex; involucre 1}~1}
in. in diam., campanulate, glabrous outside, pubescent within,
purple-brown, with 5 glands and 5 rather large subquadrate or
transversely oblong toothed lobes; glands not contiguous, erect
or ascending in dried specimens, # lin. in their greater diam., trans-
versely oblong or elliptic; ovary sessile, glabrous; styles united
into a column 3-1 lin. long, with spreading broadly cuneate bifid
arms } lin. long, and 4 lin. broad across their tips ; capsule and
seeds not seen. Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. viii. no. 6; Lam. Encyel. ii.
414; Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1, ii. 134; Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 883 ; Thunb.
Prodr. 86, and Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 403; Pers. Syn. Pl. ii. 10;
Haw. Syn. Pl. Succ. 128; Spreng. Syst. Veg. iii. 786; Boiss. in
DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 88. E. enopla, Berger, Sukk. Euphorb. 93, not of
Boiss. E. Morinii, Berger, Sukk. Euphorb. 98. Anthacantha
desmetiana, Lem. in Ill. Hort. 1858, Miscell. 64.—Euphorbium
capense, spinis longis simplicibus, Bradley, Hist. Succ. Pl. Dec. 2. 4,
t. 13. Kuphorbium heptagonum, spinis longissimis, in apice frugiferis,
Boerhaave, Ind. alter Pl. Lugd. Bat. i. 258, with fig.
Var. B, dentata (N. E. Br.) ; angles of the stem or branches distinctly toothed
between the spines and the centre of each of the grooves between the angles
marked with a zigzag (not straight) impressed line, otherwise as in the type.
E. enopla, var, dentata, Berger, Sukk. Euphorb. 95.
Sours Arrica : without locality; the type and var. 8, cultivated specimens !
CENTRAL Recon: Prince Albert Div. ; near Prince Albert, Krége in Herb.
Bolus, 12969! Graaff Reinet Div.; near Graaff Reinet, Bolus, 8i4! 693
(monstrous form)! Marloth, 4598!
Described from living plants cultivated at Kew. This species has been in
cultivation since before 1717, at which period it was introduced by the Dutch
into Leyden Botanic Garden and figured by Boerhaave. Subsequently the same
specimen was figured by Bradley, for he states that there was only one plant at
Leyden. From Bradley’s figure, however, two branches represented in Boerhaave $
figure are missing, which between the period of the two drawings being made
were probably removed for propagation. The Graaff Reinet and Prince Albert
Specimens are more spiny than the cultivated plant, but seem otherwise to be the
same species.
I have not seen the type of E. Morinii, Berger, but a plant sent to Kew as
being that species is certainly not distinct from L. heptagona, nor do I find any
character in Mr. Berger's description to separate it from the latter species.
147, E. enopla (Boiss. Cent. Euphorb. 27, and in DC. Prodr. xv.
ii. 89); plant about 1 ft. high, succulent, very spiny, leafless,
hily branching at the base and above, dicecious ; branches 5-9
in. long, 7-11 (or when dried about }~3) in. in diam., 6—7-angled,
glaucous-green or greyish-green, except at the very tips, where they
are light green tinged with purplish; angles straight, scarcely
crenulate, obtusely rounded, about } in. prominent, separated
352 EUPHORBIACE (Brown). | Euphorbia.
by an acute groove; spines (modified peduncles) solitary, stout,
rigid, 1-24 in. long, }—1 lin. thick at the base, 2-3 lin. apart,
in vertical rows along the angles, somewhat ascending-spreading,
usually more or less curved, glabrous, at first dark red, then
blackish-purple, finally grey ; flowering peduncles in the male plant
4-12 lin. long, in the female 24~7 lin. (or perhaps more) long, #—1 lin.
thick, bearing 1 involucre and 4-6 very small bracts, glabrous, dark
red; bracts scale-like, mostly clustered around the base of the
involucre and much shorter than it, much broader than long,
broadly rounded ; involucre about 14-24 lin. in diam., 1-1} ln.
deep, usually larger in the male than in the female plant, cup-shaped,
glabrous, dark red, with 5 glands and 5 subquadrate or oblong
minutely toothed lobes; glands distant, erect in the male, inflexed
or pressed against the ovary in the female, {—1} lin. in their greater
diam., transversely oblong or broadly rounded, entire ; immature
capsule sessile, but with the greater part exserted from the
involucre, globose, faintly grooved, glabrous; styles 1 lin. long,
united into a stout column for two-thirds of their length, with stout
slightly spreading bifid tips ; ripe fruit and seeds not seen.
CrenTRAL REGION: Jansenville Div. ; Karoo, near Waterford and near Aberdeen
Road, Drége, 4! Willowmore Div.; stony places on Witte Poort Mountains,
2000-3000 ft., Drege, 8207 !
Described from living branches bearing flowers, which exactly agree with the
type, and flowers in formalin, sent to Kew by Mr. L. L. Drége of Port Elizabeth,
grandson of the original discoverer. Boissier, in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 89, has
erroneously described ZL. enopla as a shrub 2-3 ft. high, but the specimens and
labels give no evidence of this, and in the original description the height is not
mentioned. A photograph of the wild plant sent to Kew by Mr. Drége repre-
sents it as less than 1 ft. high. The #. enopla of Berger is quite a different plant,
see £, heptagona, Linn.
148. E. ferox (Marloth in Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Afr. iii. 122, t. 8,
fig. 1); a succulent very spiny leafless plant ; stems forming clumps
3-2 ft. in diam., simple or sparingly branching at the base or at
the ground-level, individually 3-10 in. long, of which 1-6 in. in the
specimens seen is buried in the ground, 11-1? in. thick, 9-12-angled,
hight dull green, not glaucous ; angles 1$—2} lin. prominent, obtuse,
nearly even ; spines (modified peduncles) solitary, numerous, arranged
along the angles, mostly 14-3 lin. apart, 4-11 in. long, stout and
3-1 lin. thick at the base, very rigid, woody, straight or variably
curved and more or less horizontally spreading except the few at
the apex, brown, glaucous, becoming grey, persisting throughout on
the part above ground; leaves rudimentary, 1 lin. long, linear-
oblong, subacute, concave-channelled down the face, glabrous,
deciduous ; peduncles about 5-6 to a stem, apical, erect, 2—3 lin.
long, bearing 1 involucre and about 6-9 brown scale-like bracts,
those at the base of the involucre 3-1 lin. long, oblong, obtuse or
lacerate, glabrous, sparsely ciliate, the others smaller ; involucre
sessile within the bracts, 1-14 lin. in diam., cup-shaped, glabrous,
apparently purplish and very minutely white-dotted, with 5 glands
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE (Brown). 353
and 5 subquadrate ciliate lobes ; glands § lin. in their greater diam.,
transversely oblong or subreniform, entire, “green” (Marloth) ;
ovary included; capsule with its base just exserted from the
involucre, { in. in diam., globose, not angular or grooved, smooth,
glabrous ; styles about 3-14 lin. long, united for half their length,
with spreading minutely bifid arms.
CENTRAL Rearon: Jansenville Div. ; near Klipplaat, Marloth, 5147! near
Waterford, Drége !
Described from a living plant sent to Kew by Mr. I. L. Drege, of Port
Elizabeth, in Aug. 1912. Called “‘ Voetangel” by the Dutch.
149, E. cucumerina (Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 886); stem apparently
unbranched, 9-10 in. high, 14 in. or more thick, cylindric, appa-
rently 10-12-angled, succulent, spiny ; angles apparently very slightly
prominent and obtusely rounded, leafless ; spines (modified peduncles)
solitary, } in. (or more?) long; peduncles solitary, few at the apex
of the stem, as long as the spines, bearing 1 rather small involucre.
Poir. Encycl. Suppl. ii. 608; Pers. Syn. Pl. ii. 11; Spreng. Syst.
Veg. iii. 786 ; Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 178.—Euphorbe concombre,
Le Vaillant, Second Voy. Afrique, ii. 160, t. 6.
Western Recion: Little Namaqualand, between Groene River and Koper
Berg, Le Vaillant.
This plant is only known from Le Vaillant’s figure, in which the peduncles are
Tepresented as sometimes having two small spine-like branches, which may be
intended to represent either setaceous or subulate bracts or spine-like branches
such as E. stellespina has.
150. E. horrida (Boiss. Cent. Euphorb. 27 and in DC. Prodr. xv.
ii. 89); stem or stems probably erect, cylindric, 34-4} in. in diam.
When dried, very deeply many- (in the specimen seen 14-) angled,
with the central solid part 14—2 in. thick and the angles 1-1} in.
prominent, wing-like, 3-5 lin. thick at the base and 23-3 lin. thick
at the margin in dried sections, with very numerous densely crowded
Spines (modified peduncles) along their edges, glabrous ; main spines
stout, 4-10 lin. long and }-1 lin. thick at the base, very rigid,
Straight, solitary, with shorter spines 2—4 lin. long about their base,
at first puberulous, finally glabrous; leaves not seen, probably
tudimentary ; peduncles arising beside the bases of the spines,
24-3 lin. long, bearing several bracts and 1 involucre, puberulous ;
bracts scale-like, 4-1 lin. long, oblong, obtuse, more or less keeled
on the back, puberulous; involucre 2 lin. in diam., cup-shaped,
puberulous, with 5 glands and 5 rather large transversely
rectangular or subquadrate finely toothed lobes; glands {-1 lin.
‘In their greater diam., transversely elliptic, entire; ovary and
capsule not seen.
Ceyrrat Region: Willowmore Div.; Witte Poort Mountains, Drége, 8212!
____ Probably this plant is dicecious, as the involucres examined appeared to be male,
with a rudimentary ovary, they are, however, immature. Drége’s specimens are
_ very imperfect, consisting of sections and fragments of the angles only.
FL. C.—vou. v.—skCT. I. 2a
3o4 EUPHORBIACE (Brown). [ Buphorbia.
151, E. polygona (Haw. Misc. Nat. 184, and Syn. Pl. Suce. 129) ;
dicecious ; stems simple or slightly branching at the base, perhaps
several from the same root, succulent, leafless, spiny or nearly
spineless, erect, 1-2 ft. high, 3-4 in. thick, when very young
7-angled, with age developing 10-20 angles, glabrous, green and
slightly glaucous on the young growth in wild plants, not glaucous
when cultivated under glass, becoming grey with age; angles
vertical or slightly spiral, acute, slightly crenulate, often wavy,
separated by acute furrows about 3 in. deep; leaves rudimentary,
3-1} lin. long, oblong-lanceolate or deltoid-lanceolate, acuminate,
rigid and hard, soon deciduous, dark reddish-brown or blackish ;
spines (modified peduncles) solitary or 2-3 from a flowering-eye,
scattered along the angles, 2-4 lin. long, bearing a few minute
scattered bracts, dark purple or blackish-brown, becoming grey ;
flowers arising at and near the apex of the stems, often one on each
side and at the base of a previously formed spine; peduncles 1-2
lin. long, bearing 1 involucre and several bracts, dull purple ; upper
bracts 14-2} lin. long, 1-2 lin. broad, obovate, obtusely rounded at
the apex, glabrous above, minutely puberulous beneath, minutely
ciliate ; lower bracts much smaller and oblong ; involucre unisexual,
21-34 lin. in diam. and 1} lin. deep, cup-shaped, nearly or quite
glabrous outside, dark purple, with 5 glands and 5 rounded
minutely toothed lobes; glands not quite contiguous; slightly
sloping outwards, 1-12 lin. in their greater diam., transversely
elliptic or elliptic-oblong, dark purple; capsule 24-3 lin. in diam.,
globose or very slightly 3-lobed as seen from above, velvety-
pubescent, erect, exserted on a pedicel not exceeding the involucre;
styles united into a column about } lin. long, with spreading arms
of the same length, minutely bifid at the tips; seeds 14 lin. long;
ovoid, acute at one end, obscurely 4-angled, smooth, brown. Spreng.
Syst. Veg. iii. 786; Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 88; Berger, Sukk.
Euphorb. 99-100, fig. 25.
Coast Recon: Uitenhage Div.; Red Hill, Mrs. Paterson, 1173! Port
Elizabeth Div. ; Commadagga, Miss Sangster! near Port Elizabeth, Drége, 7!
Mrs. Paterson, 1143! and cultivated plants !
Described from living plants cultivated at Kew and others sent to Kew by
Mr. I. L. Drége and Mrs. Paterson. Boissier and !Berger both state that the
plant grows to 4-5 ft. high, but no example I have seen has been more than
20 inches high, and Mr. Drége writes that out of thousands he has seen none have
been more than 2 ft. high.
152, E. stellespina (Haw. in Phil. Mag. 1827, 275) ; stems erect,
branching at the base, ultimately forming dense clumps, succulent,
leafless, spiny, 8-18 in. high, 1}-3 in. in diam., 10-16-angled, with
the grooves between the angles 2—3 lin. deep, green, not transversely
banded nor glaucous, becoming brown with age; angles rather
obtuse or subacute, tuberculate-toothed ; teeth short, conical, often
somewhat deflexed, 24-3 lin. apart; leaves rudimentary and s00P
deciduous, 14-5 lin. long, linear or linear-lanceolate, acute, fleshy, —
ES MS, SP RE ee ct re
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE (Brown). 355
puberulous ; spines (modified peduncles) solitary between the teeth
along the angles, 2-5 lin. long, stout, thickened and branching at
the apex into a whorl of 3-5 sharp spines 14-4 lin. long and $ lin.
thick, rigid, puberulous when young, becoming glabrous, brown ;
involucre sessile at the apex of the peduncle and surrounded by the
whorl of very young spines arising at its base, 13—2 lin. in diam.,
cup-shaped, puberulous, with 5 glands and 5 subquadrate fringed
lobes; glands distant, 3~} lin. in their greater diam., transverse,
reniform or obtusely cordate ; ovary not seen. Boiss. in DC. Prodr.
xv. il. 89; Berger, Sukk. Euphorb. 99.—Tithymalus africanus spinosus
Cerei effigei, Moris. Hist. iii. 345; Pluk. Almagest. ii. 370, i. t. 231,
Jig. 1.
CentRaL Reaion: Beaufort West Div. ; near Beaufort West (photograph),
Marloth! Jansenville Div. ; near the Sundays River, Drége, 8213, ex Boissier.
Carnarvon Div. ; Boter Leegte, Alston, 2600 ! :
Western Region: Little Namaqualand; plains south of Nieuwefontein,
2300 ft., Pearson, 3362 !
Partly described from living plants cultivated at Kew. In the Kew Herbarium
is a drawing of this species, labelled ‘‘ Received from Mr. Bowie in 1822,” which
was probably made from the plant upon which Haworth based his description.
The plant figured by Plukenet and described by Morison is referred to L. cerei iformas
by Linneus, but it certainly belongs to this species, and not to £. cereiformis as
understood by Linnzeus himself and all later authors.
153. E. astrispina (N. E. Br.) ; stem of the only specimen seen
(perhaps a young plant) succulent, spiny, leafless, 6 in. high, 24 in.
in diam., unbranched, cylindric, 16-angled, glabrous, dull green
tinted with brown above the middle, dull grey-brown or earth-
colour below ; angles separated by acute channels about } in. deep
and divided by impressed lines into transversely oblong 6-angled
areas which rise into short conical tubercles ; leaves rudimentary,
soon deciduous, rigidly fleshy, 1} lin. long, oblong-lanceolate, acute,
recurved, entire, minutely ciliate ; spines (modified peduncles) solitary
between the tubercles along the angles, stout, 0-3 lin. long, branch-
ing at the apex into 4-6 radiating spines 24~7 lin. long and }-1 lin.
thick, grey ; flowering peduncles all at the apex of the stem, stout,
mostly 1-2 lin. long, bearing 5-8 scale-like oblong obtuse minutely
puberulous bracts and 1 involucre surrounded by the very immature
spines or sometimes without them; involucre 2 lin. in diam., 1 lin.
deep, cup-shaped, minutely puberulous outside, with 5 glands and
transversely oblong toothed lobes ; glands contiguous or nearly
so, #-1 lin. in diam., transverse, oblong or subreniform, entire,
minutely pitted ; capsule sessile, 24 lin. in diam. in the example
seen, but perhaps immature, slightly conical, obscurely 3-angled,
glabrous; styles 1 lin. long, united to their middle, with stout
Spreading bifid tips ; seeds not seen.
Centrat Rearton : Beaufort West Div. ; Willowmore Side, Brauns, 1711!
This plant is nearly allied to Z. stellespina, Haw., but has much shorter spines.
Tt so closely feviosient some of the cylindric species of Echinocactus, that when I
first saw the specimen I mistook it for a member of that genus. os
|
356 EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). | Euphorbia.
154, E. Pillansii (N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 122, with fig.) ;
succulent, spiny, leafless, branching at the base, dicecious; stems
or branches 2-6 in. high and 14-2 in. thick, very obtusely 7-angled or
the branches when very young 5-angled, with the faces between the
angles nearly flat, marked with a central impressed line, so that
the angles are scarcely prominent except at the apex, glabrous,
transversely banded with very pale green and darker green, and
the bands alternating on each side of the impressed line, horizontal
(not oblique) ; angles with small teeth }—2 lin. prominent and 2 lin.
apart at the apical part, becoming slight crenations or almost
vanishing with age ; leaves very rudimentary, soon deciduous, } lin.
long, deltoid, acute ; spines (modified peduncles) scattered along the
angles, solitary, 4-7 lin. long, 3-1 lin. thick, rigid, simple or with
2-6 diverging (not horizontally spreading) spines 2—4 lin. long at
their apex, glabrous, grey ; flowering peduncles erect at the tips of
the branches, 4-6 lin. long, $-1} lin. thick, simple and bearing
only 1 involucre or subumbellately branching and bearing a cluster
of 2-6 involucres on branches 23-3 lin. long, glabrous, green ;
bracts on the peduncle }—2 lin. long, deltoid or deltoid-oblong,
subacute, very deciduous, those under the involucre 1 lin. long and
broad, subquadrate, apiculate, glabrous ; involucre (only males seen)
24 lin. in diam., cup-shaped or slightly obconic, glabrous, pale green,
with 5 dark green glands and 5 subquadrate toothed pale green
lobes ; glands spreading, contiguous or nearly so, 1 lin. in their
greater diam., transversely elliptic or with the inner margin nearly
straight, entire; stamens nearly glabrous, pale greenish-yellow ;
ovary and capsule not seen.
Coast Recron : Ladismith Div. ; near Doorn Kloof River, between Muis Kraal
and Ladismith, Pillans! and in Herb. Bolus, 12548!
: Described from a living plant sent to Kew by Mr. N. §. Pillans, which flowered
in Dec. 1912. Allied to L. stellespina, Haw., but at once distinguished from that
species by the fewer angles, stouter spines and transverse pale greenish bars on
its stems.
155. E. valida (N. E. Br.); stem solitary, about 6-7 in. high,
3-34 in. thick, in the specimens seen unbranched, succulent, leafless
and spineless, but bearing on the upper part the hard woody remains
of numerous branched cymes, cylindric-oblong in old plants, pro
bably subglobose when young, not or scarcely depressed at, the
rounded apex, 8-angled above, becoming cylindric at the base,
glabrous, dull green or purplish-green, or transversely marked with
pale green lines or narrow bands, becoming entirely brown on the
basal part, unisexual ; leaves rudimentary, about 1 lin. long, deltoid
or deltoid-ovate, acute, soon deciduous ; cymes 13-2 in. long and in
diam., arising from the angles at the apex, gradually developing
3 branches, which become 2 to 4 times forked, on peduncles 3-10
lin. long, 1-1} lin. thick, erect or standing out from the stem,
minutely puberulous, green, becoming woody, brown and persisting
for several years ; bracts few and scattered on the peduncle, with a
Huphorbia.} EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). 357
pair under each involucre, about 1 lin. long, narrowly oblong,
obtuse, apiculate, puberulous ; involucre sessile within the bracts,
1j lin. in diam., cup-shaped, very minutely puberulous outside,
rather dull green, with 5 glands and 5 reddish-tipped subquadrate
ciliate lobes ; glands subcontiguous, erect, 2-3 lin. in their greater
diam., reniform, slightly pitted-rugulose, dingy green or olive-green ;
ovary and fruit not seen.
CenTRAL Recon : Jansenville Div. ; near Waterford, Drége\
_ Described from living plants sent by Mr. I. L. Drége of Port Elizabeth to Kew
m Aug. 1912, where it flowered in June, 1913. A photograph accompanied the
Specimens, showing it growing as a solitary plant upon the plain.
156. E, meloformis (Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1, ii. 135); plant
solitary, unbranched, succulent, subglobose, depressed at the apex,
2-6 in. in diam., dicecious, nnbranched, usually 8-angled, leafless,
spineless, but in the male plant with persistent hardened remains of
the flower-cymes, glabrous, usually marked, with oblique transverse
light green and purple-brown or darker green bands, rarely entirely
green; angles vertical or spiral, obtuse or subacute, obscurely
crenate, with leaf- or cyme-scars 14-3 lin. apart; leaves rudi-
mentary, soon deciduous, $-1} lin. long, linear, channelled, acute,
upped with a short subulate point, minutely ciliate ; cymes arising
at the centre of the apex of the plant, spreading over and pressed
down near the surface, those of the male 1-2} in. long, divided at
1-3 lin. above the base into 3 spreading once- or twice-forked rays,
those of the female sessile or subsessile, }-} in. long, divided close
to the base into 2-3 simple or once-forked rays, puberulous in both
sexes, often persistent on the male, deciduous from the female plant ;
bracts about 1 lin. long, oblong, obtuse, apiculate, minutely ciliate ;
male involucre about 2 lin. and the female 1-1} (or in mature
fruit 2) lin. in diam., cup-shaped, puberulous outside, green, with ,
5 glands and 5 transversely oblong or subquadrate ciliate lobes ;
glands 1~2 lin, in their greater diam., transversely oblong or elliptic
or with the inner margin somewhat excavated, entire, light green
and minutely punctate in both sexes; capsule sessile, about } in, in
diam., very obtusely trigonous, minutely puberulous ; styles }—} lin.
long, very shortly united at the base, with broadly cuneate spread-
ing 2-lobed tips, }—2 lin. broad; seeds 14 lin. long, conical-ovoid,
acute, smooth, greyish-brown. Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 886 ; Wendl.
Collect. i. 42, t. 12; Poir. Encycl. Suppl. ii. 608; Boiss. in DC.
Prodr. xv. ii. 87 , partly ; Goebel, Pflanzenbiol. Schilderung. Lt 1,
Jig. 3 ; N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1912, 301, with fig. E. pomiformis,
Thunb. Prodr. ii. 86, and Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 403. E. meloniformis,
Link, Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. ii. 9; Spreng. Syst. Veg. iii. 788.—
top he & cote de melon, Le Vaillant, Second Voy. Afr. iii. 23,»
+ LI bis. ?
-_ Coast Region : Uitenhage Div. ; near the Zwartkops River, Thunberg ; Zwart-
kops Hills, Mrs. Paterson, 970! near Redhouse, Mrs. Paterson! Port Elizabeth
Div.; near Port Elizabeth, Drége! also cultivated plants! Albany Div. ; West
— tt, near Grahamstown, Beanie, 555! Rogers!
358 EUPHORBIACE (Brown). [| Luphorhia.
Described from living plants cultivated at Kew. Judging from specimens in
cultivation the female plant appears to be scarcer than the male,
There can be no doubt that this is the plant originally described by Aiton as
E. meloformis, in spite of the fact that soon after its introduction another species
(E. infausta, N. E. Br.) was figured under the name E. meloformis by Desfontaines
and De Candolle and has subsequently been mistaken for it. For not only does
Aiton correctly describe the peduncles as ‘‘at first trichotomous, thereafter
dichotomous, rarely simple,” which character at once distinguishes it from
E. infausta, N. E. Br., but in the British Museum is preserved an excellent
drawing of the plant, made by Masson himself, who introduced it. In Wendland’s
figure of the female plant the cyme-branches are not represented so depressed
upon the top of the plant as they are in nature.
157. E. infausta (N.E. Br.) ; stem succulent, leafless and spineless,
subglobose or obovoid, up to 34 in. in diam., depressed at the apex,
producing subglobose branches on its ‘sides, usually 8- (but some-
times up to 12-) angled, diccious, the male plant usually (but not
always) with persistent hardened remains of the cymes, glabrous,
bright deep green, sometimes somewhat shining, marked with
oblique transverse darker green (or purplish) stripes, which are
sometimes not very conspicuous ; angles vertical or spiral, some-
what acute, with nearly flat and slightly concave (not convex) sides,
nearly even or faintly crenulate at the margin, with the leaf- or
cyme-scars about 24 lin. apart ; leaves rudimentary, soon deciduous,
scarcely 1} lin. long, linear or linear-lanceolate, acute ; cymes of
the male plant erect or ascending (not depressed on the plant), at
first with the peduncles simple, 1 in. long, and bearing only
1 involuere, finally developing at its apex 1-3 erect or ascending
rays 1-1 in. long, each with 1 terminal involucre or with 2-3
involucres scattered along them, green, velvety-puberulous, often
persistent and hardening; cymes of the female plant similar, but
much shorter, always deciduous ; involucre 14-2 lin. in diam., cup-
shaped, puberulous outside, light green, with 5 glands and 5
transversely rectangular or subquadrate ciliate lobes ; glands
3-1} lin. in their greater diam., transversely oblong, slightly
convex, light green, minutely punctate; ovary sessile, glabrous;
styles very shortly united at the base, with the free part } lin. long,
rather stout, two-lobed at the apex; capsule and seeds not seen.
E. meloformis, Desf. in Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, i. 200, t. 16,
Jig. 2, and in Konig and Sims, Ann. Bot. i. 122, t. 2; DC. Pl. Grass.
t. 139; Andr. Bot. Rep. x. t. 617; Haw. Syn. Pl. Succ. 129; Lodd.
Bot. Cab. t. 434; Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 87, partly ; Berger
Sukk. Euphorb. 101 and 103, fig. 26, not of Aiton,
_ Sourn Arrica : without locality, cultivated specimens, Herb. Haworth ! Pillans
in Herb. Bolus, 10684 !
For more than 100 years this plant has been mistaken for EZ. meloformis, having
been introduced soon after that species and figured as it. But it is readily dis-
tinguished from Z. meloformis by its more freely branching habit, less evidently
banded stems, more distinctly crenate angles, especially on young plants, and
particularly by the outstanding erect or ascending peduncles, which only branch
at their apex and do not divide near their base into a trichotomous or dichotomous
Luphorbia.| EUPHORBIACE (Brown). 359
cyme pressed down on the top of the stem as in F. meloformis. 1 have failed to
discover the locality in which it grows. The involucre and glands of the female
plant are smaller than those of the male. I have at the present time #. infausta
and £. meloformis in cultivation, growing side by side, and there can be no
question as to their distinctness when thus seen.
158. E. pyriformis (N. E. Br.); succulent, spineless, diccious ;
body of the plant or branches pear-shaped, 14-2 in. long or high,
1}-1} in. in diam. at the top, tapering downwards, depressed at the
top, 8-angled, glabrous, somewhat greyish-green, very indistinctly
marked with oblique transverse darker green bands; angles spiral
or perhaps sometimes vertical, somewhat obtuse, from their sides
being rounded, faintly crenulate, about 4 in. prominent, with acute
grooves between them ; leaves very rudimentary, deltoid, acute, soon
deciduous ; cymes (only male plant seen) arising from the depressed
centre, $—l in. long, not depressed upon the plant, dividing 1-2 lin.
above thé base, usually into two (or sometimes only one) simple or
once-forked branches, puberulous, green, deciduous, each bearing one
involucre and 1 or 2 pairs of oblong obtuse apiculate bracts about
1 lin. long ; involucre 1? lin. in diam., cup-shaped, puberulous, green,
with 5 glands and 5 subquadrate toothed lobes; glands subcon-
tiguous, 3-1 lin. in their greater diam., transverse, oblong, entire
light green, minutely punctate ; ovary and capsule not seen.
SourH Arrica: without locality, cultivated specimen !
Described from a living plant, long cultivated by Mr. Justus Corderoy of
Blewbury, Didcot, and now at Kew. The plant is an old one, divided close to
the ground into 5 radiating and 1 erect pear-shaped branches, but the small body
from which these originate may have been a seedling plant that had become
injured at its apex and so branched instead of forming a simple stem ges
It is closely allied to Z. meloformis, and its male flowers are not distinguishable
from those of that species, female flowers have not been seen. But in its much
Smaller size, not due to age, for the plant is an old one, pear-shaped branches,
much attenuated downwards, smaller and more obtuse stem-angles, and deciduous
(not persistent) cymes, it is clearly distinct.
159. E. obesa (Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 7888); plant diecious,
only female specimens seen, very similar to E. meloformis, subglobose
or ellipsoid, 8-angled, glabrous, grey-green, marked with numerous
transverse dull purple bands formed of fine lines ; angles stout,
subacute, finely crenate, with sunken eye-like scars: of fallen
peduncles between the crenations about | lin. apart and their sides
marked with faint grooves very obliquely crossing the transverse
purple bands; leaves not seen, evidently rudimentary and soon
deciduous ; peduncles few, at the apex of the plant, about 1 lin.
long, bearing 1 involucre and a few imbricating ovate-oblong ciliate
bracts, puberulous, deciduous ; involucre 2 lin. in diam., cup-shaped,
minutely puberulous outside, with 5 glands and 5 subquadrate
subentire lobes ; glands distinct, about } lin. in their greater diam.,
Subquadrate or transversely rectangular, slightly concave (not
channelled) ; ovary subsessile, glabrous; styles stout, united for
360 EUPHORBIACEA (Brown). | Euphorbia.
half their length, with spreading revolute channelled tips. Berger,
Sukk. Euphorb. 102.
Centra Reaion: Graaff Reinet Div. ; near Graaff Reinet, MacOwan, 3183 !
160. E. squarrosa (Haw. in Phil. Mag. 1827, 276) ; a very dwarf
succulent tuberous-rooted perennial, spiny, leafless ; tuber (or main
stem) ovoid or oblong, 1} in. or more thick, producing many
branches at its apex ; branches radiately procumbent 14-3 in. long,
7-9 lin. in diam. including the teeth, 3-(4?)-angled, more or less
twisted, ‘convex on the under side” (Haworth), glabrous, dark
green, without paler markings ; angles very deeply cut into rather
slender widely spreading cylindric-conical tubercles 2—3 lin. long
and 14-2 lin. thick at the base, each tipped with a pair of spines
3-14 lin. long, not very divergent, light brown ; leaves rudimentary,
minute, scale-like, roundish-cordate, soon deciduous ; cymes solitary
in the axils of the tubercles, subsessile, 1—3-flowered ; bracts
minute, scale-like, shorter than the involucre, oblong, obtuse, dark
reddish ; involucres about 2 lin. in diam., glabrous, green, suffused
with purple under the 5 glands and apparently with purplish lobes ;
glands contiguous, 3-1 lin. in their greater diam., transversely
oblong, green. Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 81.
Sour Arrica: without locality, Bowie, cultivated specimen !
"Described partly from a specimen from a plant cultivated at Kew in 1875, which
was believed to be one of the original plants introduced by Bowie, and partly from
two very fine coloured drawings preserved at Kew, made in 1824 and 1827 from
the plants from which Haworth prepared his description and which were intro-
duced by Bowie in 1823. No other collector appears to have found it. In habit
it is very similar to Z. stellata, Willd., and 2. micracantha, Boiss., but the long
tubercles on the angles of the branches readily distinguish it from both.
161. E, mamillosa (Lem. Illustr. Hort. ii. Miscell. 69, in note) ;
succulent, leafless, spiny, about 5-6 in. high, very much branched ;
branches tuberculate ; tubercles crowded, spirally arranged, elongated,
conical, dilated at the base, somewhat compressed laterally, cylindric
at the apex, bearing a very small roundish-deltoid scale-like leaf and
a pair of spines, which are subconnate at their base, then diverging ;
flowers axillary, only seen in bud, not described. Boiss. in
Prodr, xv. ii. 80. Anthacantha mamillosa, Lem. l.c. 69.
CouNTRY UNKNOWN ; probably from South or Tropical Africa.
No specimen seen, Can it be #. squarrosa, Haw. ?
162. E. stellata (Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 886); dwarf, succulent, spiny,
leafless, with a tuberous rootstock ; tuber elongated-oblong, 3-6 in.
long, 1-2} in. thick, producing a tuft of radiating branches at its
apex ; branches procumbent, 2-6 in. long, 4~7 lin. broad, 2-angled,
slightly concave or flattish on the upper side, convex or very
obtusely keeled on the lower side, often tapering into a stalk at the
base, toothed at the angles, glabrous, green or purplish-brown, with
a feather-like whitish-green variegation along the upper side ; spines
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE (Brown). 361
in pairs 13-3 lin. apart, 1-2 lin. long, diverging, on suborbicular
spine-shields, brown or greyish ; cymes solitary in the axils of the
teeth at the ends of the branches, on peduncles 1-24 lin. long, on
some plants bearing only 1 bisexual involucre, on others ultimately
bearing 3 involucres, of which the central is male and soon
Syst. Veg. iii. 786 ; Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 81. E. procumbens,
Meerburg, Pl. Rar. t. 55, not of Mill. E. uneinata, DC. Pl. Grass.
ii. iii. 249, fig. 103, 1. LE. radiata, Thunb. Prodr. 86, and Fi. Cap.
ed. Schult. 403. E. Scolopendria, Donn, Hort. Cantab. ed. iii. 88.
E. Scolopendrea, Haw. Syn. Pl. Suce. 126.
Coast Recion: Uitenhage Div.; near the Zwartkops _ River, Thunberg !
Marloth, 4889! hiils between the Sunday and Zwartkops Rivers, Zeyher, 1100!
near Uitenhage, Burke! Redhouse, Mrs, Paterson, 949! Port Elizabeth Div. ;
near Port Elizabeth, Drége, 17! Peddie Div.; Line Drift, Sim, 6284! and
cultivated specimens !
It is possible that this species may occasionally produce branches having
3-4 angles, as the Line Drift specimen, Sim, 6284, consists of a plant with about
10 branches attached to the tuber, which are all 2-angled, and undoubtedly this is
E. stellata, but on the same sheet are a few detached branches with 3-4 angles,
and in that respect they agree better with Z. micracantha, but the spines are
stout, as in Z. stellata, and not nearly so slender as in £. micracantha.
163. E. micracantha (Boiss. Cent. Euphorb. 25, and in DC.
Prodr. xv. ii. 80) ; avery dwarf succulent tuberous-rooted perennial,
leafless and spiny ; tuber large, fleshy, cylindric-oblong, 5-6 in. long,
14-2? in. thick, producing many branches at its apex ; branches
13-54 in. long, 4-4} in. thick when dried, radiately spreading,
4-angled, with slightly concave sides, glabrous, green without mark-
ings ; angles slightly toothed ; spines in pairs 2-4 lin. apart,
diverging, 14-3 lin. long, rather slender, on short rounded or
slightly transverse ‘spine-shields, grey ; leaves rudimentary, scale-
like, about } lin. long, ovate, obtuse or subacute, concave, glabrous,
soon deciduous ; peduncles solitary in the axils of the spine-shields,
at the apical part of the branches, 3-1 lin. long, ultimately
4
2 3-flowered, with the lateral involucres on very short peduncles,
362 EUPHORBIACE (Brown). | Huphorbia.
glabrous ; bracts scale-like, }—} lin. long, ovate or oblong, obtuse,
glabrous ; male involucre about 1, female about 2 lin. in diam.,
cup-shaped, glabrous outside, apparently purple on some specimens.
and greenish-yellow on others, with 5 glands and 5 subquadrate
minutely toothed lobes; glands 3-3 lin. in the male and about
1 lin. in the female involucre in their greater diam., transverse,
narrowly oblong, entire, rugulose ; capsule about 1} lin. long and
24 lin. in diam., deeply 3-lobed as seen from above, with acute
angles, glabrous, exserted on a recurved pedicel 2—3 lin. beyond the
involucre; styles shortly united at the base, spreading, rather
slender, shortly bifid at the apex ; seeds subglobose, about ? lin. in
diam., smooth. E. tetragona, Baker in Saunders, Refug. Bot. i.
t. 39, not of Haw. LE. Gilberti, Berger, Sukk. Euphorb. 39, fig. 9.
SoutH Arrica: without locality, cultivated specimen, Cooper !
Coast Recion: Bathurst Div.; between Blue Krantz and the sources of
Kasuga River, Burchell, 3901! Albany Div. ; Fish River Rand, /Zutton, 494!
Fort Beaufort Div. ; between Fish River and Fort Beaufort, Drége, 8206¢! Div. ';
Sheldon, Hutton, 488a!
CenTRAL Recion: Somerset Div. ; between the Zuurberg Range and Klein
Bruintjes Hoogte, Drége, 8206a!
This is distinguished from Z. stellata, Willd., by its 4-angled branches and more
slender spines.
164, E. clavigera (N. E. Br.); dwarf, succulent, spiny and
leafless, unisexual, with the habit of FE. stellata, Willd., but only
branches have been seen ; branches clavate, 3-6 in. long and j-l
in. in diam. (including the teeth) at the apical part, thence gradually
tapering to a stalk-like base 2-3 lin, thick, apparently more or less
decumbent or radiately spreading, 3-angled, glabrous, green, not
glaucous ; angles apparently much compressed and wing-like, deeply
toothed ; teeth 2-3 lin. prominent and 5-9 lin. apart, deltoid,
bearing a pair of diverging pale brown spines 3-5 lin. long at their
summits, on small spine-shields, which sometimes extend a short
distance down the teeth above or below the spines ; leaves very
rudimentary and scale-like, 1-4 lin. long, deltoid ; cymes solitary in
the axils of the stem-teeth, subsessile, with 3 involucres ; bracts
1} lin. long and as much in breadth, broadly ovate, obtuse, with
membranous very minutely toothed margins, glabrous ; male in-
volucres sessile, } in. in diam., cup-shaped, glabrous outside and
within, with 5 glands and 5 transversely rectangular ciliate lobes ;
glands contiguous, 1-1} lin. in their greater diam., rather narrowly
subreniform, two-lipped, from the inner margin being turned up ot
inwards, entire, probably yellow or yellowish-green ; female plant
not seen.
Kaanari Recon: Swaziland ; common on sandy open ridges near Bremmers-
dorp, 1800-2200 ft., Burtt-Davy, 3010!
165. E. enormis (N. E. Br.) ; dwarf, succulent, spiny and leafiess ;
rootstock obconic or somewhat carrot-shaped, 3-4 in. thick, fleshy.
‘
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACEA (Brown). - 363
subterranean, producing numerous branches at its apex ; branches
erect, 14-54 in. long and up to 1 in. in diam. at the broadest parts,
3—4-angled, the shorter more or less clavate, the others with 1—4
constrictions, so that they falsely appear to be somewhat jointed,
glabrous ; angles compressed, irregularly toothed, with the larger
teeth collected upon the more dilated parts of the branches, 2—5 lin.
apart and 1-3 lin. prominent, deltoid ; spine-shields extending above
the spines to the flowering-eyes and below them into acute points,
but not forming a continuous horny margin to the angles, bearing
2 pairs of spines, a pair close to the flowering-eye }—1 lin. long or
sometimes quite rudimentary, and a pair at the apex of the tooth
2—4 lin. long, diverging, grey ; leaves quite rudimentary, J—} lin.
long, $-} lin. broad, transverse, truncate, often represented by a
raised line ; flowers and fruit not seen.
Katanart Region: Transvaal ; Pietersburg, Marloth, 5144!
Although the specimen seen is without flowers, it is so distinct from all the
other South African species that there is no difficulty in distinguishing it. In
habit and general appearance it somewhat resembles E. clavigera, but the
spines are more rigid in texture, grey instead of pale brown, and the spine-shield
extends in a rather broad band to the flowering-eye and there bears a pair of
small spines, which is not the case in FZ. clavigera. The same characters, as well
as its much stouter spines and branches, likewise separate it from #. Knuthii.
166. E. Knuthii (Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xxxiv. 83); very dwarf,
succulent, leafless, spiny, 3-6 in. high; rootstock a tuber, with a
short or elongated neck, producing many branches at the ground
level ; branches simple or branched, 2-6 in. long, 4-} in. in diam.
when dried, 3—4-angled, glabrous; angles rather deeply sinuate-
toothed, with the teeth 1~} in. apart and 1-2 lin. prominent, deltoid
or the upper margins nearly truncate and the lower sloping ; spine-
shields 1~3 lin. long, narrow, variably decurrent on the lower
margin of the tooth, but not forming a continuous margin to the
angles and bearing a pair of diverging spines 2—4 lin. long, with or
sometimes without 2 small prickles directed inwards at their base,
at first light brown, finally grey ; leaves rudimentary, 14-2 lin.
long, sessile, lanceolate, very acute, recurved-spreading, glabrous,
soon deciduous ; flowering-eyes usually at or near the base of the
stem-teeth each producing but one peduncle 1} lin. long, bearing
1 involucre and a pair of bracts at its apex, glabrous ; bracts
{ lin. long, oblong, obtuse or slightly toothed at the apex, scale-like,
green, glabrous ; involucre 13—2 lin. in diam., cup-shaped, glabrous,
apparently green, with 5 glands and 5 transversely rectangular
toothed lobes; glands nearly or quite contiguous, about j lin. in
their greater diam., transverse, oblong or narrowly oblong, entire,
apparently yellowish or green; capsule 2-2} lin. in diam., rather
deeply tricoccous, glabrous, exserted on a recurved pedicel usually
13-3 lin. (in one case, perhaps abnormally, 4 lin.) beyond the
AInvolucre ; styles united into a stout column 4 lin. long, with
Spreading bitid arms } lin. long; seeds about 1} lin. long, ellipsoid
or subglobose, smooth, brown.
364 EUPHORBIACE (Brown). | Huphorhia.
Eastern Recion; Portuguese East Africa; Ressano Garcia, 1000 ft.,
Schlechter, 11949! ;
Closely allied to £. sguarrosa, Haw., and EF. Schinzii, Pax.
167. EB. Schinzii (Pax in Bull. Herb. Boiss. vi. 739) ; dwarf,
succulent, spiny, leafless, 4-6 in. high, compactly much branched ;
branches usually 4- (or occasionally 5-) angled, about 4—5 lin. square,
slightly channelled down the sides, glabrous ; angles with opposite
teeth or lobes }—2 in. apart, with their upper margin nearly truncate
and that below the spines sloping ; spine-shields narrow, extending
below the spines }—3 of the way to the tooth below, but not
forming a continuous horny margin, dark brown ; spinesin 2 pairs to
each tooth, one pair at the base of the tooth, minute, rarely more
than 4 lin. long, sometimes wanting, another pair at the apex of
the tooth 2-6 lin. long, diverging, dark brown or grey ; involucres
3 together, sessile in the axils of the teeth, 1} lin. in diam., cup-
shaped, glabrous, bright yellow, with 5 glands and 5 broadly obovate
fringed lobes; glands }~—1] lin. in their greater diam., transverse,
narrowly oblong, with the inner margin turned up into a slight ridge,
entire or with a slight notch at the middle on both margins ; ovary
sessile, included in the involucre, glabrous; styles 1-1} lin. long,
shortly united at the base, minutely bifid or subentire at the apex ;
capsule sessile, partly exserted, 14 lin. in diam., 3-lobed as seen
from above ; seeds immature, about 1 lin. long, apparently 4-angled,
with slightly rugose faces. Paw in Engl. Jahrb. xxxiv. 82; N. E. Br.
in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 567.
KaLaHAri Region: Transvaal; hills near Pretoria, Burtt-Davy, 538! 9818!
9836! 10427! Rehmann, 4347, Miss Leendertz, 168! Engler, 2794! Miss Doidge,
5983! Galpin, 6974! Potgeiters Rust, Miss Leendertz, 1155! Berea Ridge, near
Barberton, Galpin, 1297! Magaliesberg Range, near Rustenberg, Miss Pegler,
933 ! Pietersburg and near Chlunis Poort, Marloth, 5145!
Also in Tropical Africa.
168. E. griseola (Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xxxiv. 375) ; a succulent
bush, spiny and leafless; branches less than 5 lin. in diam.,
elongated, decumbent, 5-angled; angles sinuate-toothed, with con-
tinuous horny grey margins; teeth about 4-5 lin. apart; spines
3—4 lin. long, in pairs, with a pair of minute prickles at their base,
grey, with black tips ; involucre not described ; capsule about 1 lin.
long and twice as much in diam., deeply 3-lobed, as seen from
erst with keeled lobes. See N. E. Br. in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. 1.
78.
KataHari Recion ; Bechuanaland ; Lobatsi, Marloth, 3413.
I have not seen this plant. Dr. Marloth informs me that he did not retain 4
specimen of it.
169. E. franckiana (Berger, Sukk. Euphorb. 78 and 79, fig. 19);
a succulent leafless spiny bush, 2-3 ft. (or more?) high ; branches
constricted into segments 1-3 in. long, and 1-1} in. in diam.
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). 365
3-4-angled, glabrous, light green on the young parts, becoming
light greyish-green ; angles acute, with flat faces between them on
the 3-angled branches, and compressed, with deeply channelled faces
between them on young 4-angled branches, ultimately growing into
flat faces, more or less sinuate-toothed, sometimes wavy, with con-
tinuous or interrupted horny grey margins ; spines in pairs }—} in.
apart, diverging, 2—4 lin. long, at first brown, becoming grey, with
dark brown or blackish tips; leaves very rudimentary, scale-like,
4-4 lin. long and } lin. broad, soon deciduous ; flowering-eyes seated
nearly midway between the spine-pairs.
CounTRY UNKNOWN, but possibly from South Africa. Described from a living
branch from the type, kindly sent to Kew by Mr. Alwin Berger.
170. E. cerulescens (Haw. in Phil. Mag. 1827, 276) ; a succulent
spiny leafless bush, 2-3 (or perhaps more) ft. high, branching
throughout ; branches in clusters or somewhat whorled, spreading,
1{-2 in. thick, slightly constricted into rounded oblong or elongated
segments 13-3 in. long, 4—5-angled, with slightly concave sides,
dark green, more or less glaucous, at least on the younger parts ;
angles sinuate-toothed, with continuous or occasionally interrupted
horny and at first pale brown finally grey margins ; spines }-} in.
long, in pairs, rather stout, diverging, dark brown ; flowers not seen.
E. virosa, Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 83 (excl. reference to Paterson),
and E. virosa and var. cerulescens, Berger, Sukk. Euphorb. 80-82,
Jig. 20, not of Willd.
Soutn Arrica: without locality, cultivated specimen, Bowie | ‘
CEentRAL REGION: Somerset Div., without locality, with Viscum Crassulz,
Eckl. & Zeyh., growing upon it, photograph only, Drége !
I have not seen flowers of this species nor any dried specimen that I can without
doubt refer to it, except a portion of the type plant (still in cultivation at Kew)
dried by myself. But it is possible that specimens collected by the late Dr. Bolus
in Uitenhage Div. and stated to be common there, which were distributed under
no. 1872, may belong to this species. It has the same stout spines, but appears
less branched, with longer intervals between the constrictions of the stems, which
are 6-angled. It is a plant that requires investigation from living material.
. cerulescens was introduced into Kew Gardens by Bowie in 1823, and probably
most of the specimens of it cultivated elsewhere were derived from cuttings of
the original plants.
171. E, Ledienii (Berger, Sukk. Euphorb. 80); a succulent spiny
leafless bush, 4-6 ft. high, erect ; branches up to 2} (when dried
3-13) in. in diam., 4-7-angled, slightly constricted at varying
intervals, glabrous, green ; angles compressed, slightly or conspicu-
ously sinuate-toothed, separated by concave faces or grooves }—j in.
road ; spine-shields separate or connected into a horny brown
border, even on the same branch, 1-1} lin. broad ; spines in pairs
3~9 lin. apart, diverging, 1-3 lin. long or sometimes rudimentary or
absent, without prickles at their base, dark brown ; leaves rudi-
mentary, scale-like, } lin. long, broadly deltoid-ovate, soon deciduous :
flowering-eyes 1-2 lin. above the spine-pairs and touching or
366 EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). [ Luphorbia.
enclosed in the spine-shields; cymes usually 3 together at each
flowering-eye, sessile or on peduncles up to 14 lin. long, each with
3 involucres, the central male, the lateral hermaphrodite ; bracts
}—} lin. long, scale-like, ovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse or subacute,
glabrous; involucre 2-2} (when dried 1}—2) lin. in diam., cup-
shaped or campanulate, glabrous, with 5 glands and 5 subquadrate
toothed lobes, all bright yellow; glands contiguous or subcontiguous,
3-1} lin. in their greater diam., transversely oblong, entire, often
with the ends deflexed ; capsule 3-3} lin. in diam., exserted 1}-2
lin. beyond the involucre, 3-angled, with a distinct keel down each
angle and a disc-like calyx at its base ; styles united into a column
3-1 lin. long, with bifid spreading or recurved arms }-j lin. long ;
seeds immature in the specimens seen.
Var. 8, Dregei (N. E. Br.); involucre narrowly funnel-shaped or obeonic
14-2 (when dried 3-1) lin. in diam. ; otherwise as in the type, but the fruit is
unknown. £. Ledienti, N. E. Br. in Bot. Mag. t. 8275. E. canariensis, Thunb.
Prodr. 86, and Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 408, not of Linn,
Coast Recion: Uitenhage Div. ; Karoo-like hills between the Sundays and
Zwartkops Rivers, Zeyher, 1097! Zwartkops, Marloth, 4891! Redhouse, Mrs.
_ Paterson, 88a! 88b! 720! 880! Port Elizabeth Div.; near Port Elizabeth,
Drége, 42! near Bethelsdorp, Mrs. Paterson, 2019! Div.? Norvals Poort, Rogers,
2035! also cultivated plants! Var. 8: Humansdorp Div. ; near Zeekoe River,
Thunberg ! Port Elizabeth Div. ; near Port Elizabeth, Dréye !
Described partly from living plants and flowers in fluid. The form figured in
the Botanical Magazine, and of which a specimen with flowers in fluid has also
been sent to Kew by Mr. I. L. Drége of Port Elizabeth, seems distinctly to differ
from the type in its narrower and proportionately more elongated funnel-shaped
involucres. It may be specifically distinct, but living plants with fruit and seeds
require to be compared before this point can be decided. The specimen of
E. canariensis in Thunberg’s Herbarium appears to be the same as the variety
Dregei, but is without flowers, so that good flowering specimens from the locality
where Thunberg collected it are required to confirm the identification.
172. E. virosa (Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 882); a succulent spiny leafless
bush formed of a clump of erect stems, 5-7 (or according to Paterson
up to 15) ft. high and 2-3 in. in diam., simple or sparingly branched
at the upper part, 5-7-angled, constricted at intervals of 14-3 in.,
so that the angles appear to be broadly scolloped, green, with a
bluish tint, probably glaucous ; angles not spirally twisted, separated
by concave channels about 3 in. deep, slightly sinuate-toothed, with a
continuous horny margin 14-2 lin, broad ; spines in pairs }-} in. apart,
2-6 lin. long, stout, widely diverging, straight or slightly curved,
brownish-grey with darker tips; leaves rudimentary, transverse,
about 4 lin. long and 2 lin. broad, truncate, soon deciduous ;
flowering-eyes seated 2-3 lin. above the spine-pairs and nearer the
pair of spines above than below them on the specimen seen; flowers
not seen, but according to Paterson’s figure, each flowering-eye
produces but one 3-flowered cyme, on a peduncle 2-3 lin. long and
2 lin. thick, with involucres about 4 lin. in diam., having contiguous
transversely oblong glands. Pers. Syn. ii. 10; Poir. Encyel. Suppl.
ii. 607 ; Spreng. Syst. Veg. iii. 786. Euphorbia sp., Paterson, Narra-
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). 367
tive of four Journeys into the country of the Hottentots, 62,
ti. 8-9.
WEsTERN Recion: Little Namaqualand ; near the Orange River, without
precise locality, Paterson, and at Viols Drift, Rogers, 3383 !
E. virosa is at present most imperfectly known, as the only specimen I haye
seen that I think must certainly belong to it, isa fragment about 2 in. long from
the top of a stem, without flowers, collected at Viols Drift, which lies to the west
of the locality where Paterson found it.
From the above it will be noted that both Marloth’s and Pearson’s plants differ
in certain particulars from FZ. virosa, and I think it probable that they belong to
two other distinct, but closely allied species. This, however, can only be decided
by a careful comparison of ample material of good flowering and fruiting specimens
of all three plants.
173, E. grandicornis (Goebel, Pflanzenbiol. Schilderung. i. 42, 59
and 63, figs. 15 (as E. grandidens), and 26, 29 and 30); a stout
succulent leafless bush, 2-6 ft. high, much branched from the base,
armed with very long spines; branches erect or ascending, very
deeply constricted into subsagittate-ovate or sagittate-reniform
segments 2—5 in. long and 2-6 in. in diam., 3-angled, with the solid
central part 3-1 lin. thick, glabrous, green, not glaucous ; angles
‘Wing-like, 1-24 in. broad and }-} in. thick, wavy, with continuous
horny greyish-white margins; leaves rudimentary, minute, scale-
like ; Spines very stout, }—24 in. long and 1-2 lin. thick at the base,
» im pairs }-1} in. apart, widely diverging, greyish or pale brown ;
ro}
368 EUPHORBIACE (Brown). [ Zuphorhia.
flowering-eyes seated midway between the spine-pairs ; involucres
3 together, all sessile, or with peduncles not more than } Jin. long
(but possibly ultimately elongating), 2} lin. in diam., cup-shaped,
glabrous, with 5 glands and 5 subquadrate denticulate lobes ; glands
contiguous, 1-1} lin. in their greater diam., transverse, subreniform-
oblong, entire, rugulose on the upper surface, yellowish ; ovary and
capsule not seen, all the involucres being male. Neubert, Deutsches
Gart.-Mag. 1893, 291, with fig.; N. E. Br. in Hook. Ic. Pl. xxvi.
t. 2531, 2532; Paw in Engl. Jahrb. xxxiv. 74; Berger, Sukk.
Euphorb. 52.
Eastern Reaction: Zululand, Stone! Marriott! and cultivated specimens !
Described from living plants cultivated at Kew since 1876. The involucres
produced have all been males, but at their base are rudimentary lateral involucres
containing very young female flowers, which have not developed at Kew.
Possibly £. breviarticulata, Pax, a native of German East Africa is not distinct
from this.
174. E. Cooperi (N. E. Br. ex Berger, Sukk. Euphorb. 83 and 84,
fig. 21); a succulent leafless spiny tree, 10-15 ft. high; trunk
becoming naked and cylindric below, 6-8 in. thick ; branches
ascending, curved at their basal part, 5—6-angled, deeply constricted
into conic-ovate or somewhat heart-shaped segments 2-6 in. long,
and 13-3 in. in diam., with the small central solid part not more
than {-1 in. thick in the younger branches, glabrous ; angles wing-
like, with triangular channels 3-1} in. deep between them, their
margins with a continuous horny nearly even grey border ; leaves
rudimentary, scale-like, about 4 lin. long and 1| lin. broad, trans-
verse, apiculate; spines 14-4 lin, long, in pairs }-} in. apart,
widely diverging, grey, with blackish tips; flowering-eyes 14—4 lin.
above the spine-pairs ; cymes 1-3 from the same eye, sessile, each
with 3 involucres, glabrous; bracts about 1} lin. long and 2 lin.
broad, rounded, concave, usually minutely denticulate ; involucres
all sessile and the middle one male, lateral fertile, 24-3 lin. in
diam., cup-shaped, glabrous, with 5 glands and 5 erect short trans-
versely rectangular fringed lobes; glands contiguous, 1}—1} lin. in
their greater diam., narrowly transverse oblong, very minutely
rugulose on the upper surface ; capsule about } in. long and 44-6
lin. in diam., exserted on a stout pedicel, curved to one side,
dee obed seen from above, with laterally compressed lobes,
gl dark purple on the apex and along the angles, having @
somewhat fleshy calyx at its base, with 3 deltoid-ovate acute lobes
about 1 lin. long ; cell-walls about 4 lin. thick, woody ; styles 1 lin.
long, united for two-thirds of their length, with spreading arms;
bifid at the apex ; seeds 1} lin. in diam., globose, with a raised line
in a very slight furrow on one side, and a small pit at one end,
light grey.
Katanart Region: Transvaal; Buffelspoort Farm, near Sterkstroom, i?
Rustenburg District, Burtt-Davy, 5993! Komati Poort, Rogers, 2504! Potgeiters
Rust District, Marloth, 5143!
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE (Brown). 369
EasTERN Rea1on : Natal ; Umgeni Valley, Cooper !
Described from a living plant cultivated at Kew, originally’ brought by
Mr. T. Cooper from Natal in 1862, and from living material supplied by
Mr. J. Burtt-Davy. This appears in the Kew Hand-List of Tender Dicotyledons,
1900, 295, as ‘*#. Cooperi, Hort.,” my description then drawn up not having
been published.
175, E. ingens (E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 184,
ex Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 87) ; a tree, 20-30 ft. high, succulent,
leafless, spiny, branching in a broadly obconical manner ; branches
erect or ascending, straight, subparallel, all attaining to about the
same general level ; flowering branches 4—7-angled, constricted into
segments 3-6 in. long, 14-3 in. (or perhaps more) in diam., with
the~sglid central part 3-1 in. in diam.; angles wing-like, 24-3
lin. thisk at the obscurely crenate or sinuate margin, 3-1} in.
broad, déep green ; leaves rudimentary and scale-like, 1-1} lin.
long, obovate or broadly ovate, acute, with a hard rigid dark brown
auricle (stipule) on each side at the base, glabrous, soon deciduous ;
spine-shields 2-3 in. apart, 2-24 lin. in diam., suborbicular or
transversely elliptic or reniform, usually poorly developed and
formed of a thin rust-coloured disintegrating substance, spineless or
with a pair of reduced spines 4-1 lin. long ; flowering-eyes nearly
or quite contiguous to the spine-shields, each with 3 cymes on stout
peduncles 1-14 lin. long, bearing 3 involucres, all at first sessile,
the lateral ultimately on very short branches ; bracts 14-2} lin.
long, 2-3 lin. broad, very broadly rounded, obtuse or subacute,
concave, glabrous; involucres 4-5 lin. in diam., cup-shaped or
somewhat obconic, glabrous outside, pale green, with 5 glands and
5 transversely oblong or subquadrate fringed lobes; glands con-
tiguous, 13-2} lin. in their greater diam., somewhat half circular in
outline when seen from above, and from beneath somewhat tri-
angular with rounded auricles at the base, thick and fleshy, with a
sharp ridge along their inner margin, thence sloping to the acute
edge of the outer margin, smooth, but in dried flowers more or less
wrinkled, “light green” (Marloth) ; ovary at first subsessile, with a
conspicuous 3-lobed calyx at its base, becoming exserted in young
fruit on a stout pedicel as long as the involucre, glabrous ; calyx-
lobes in fruit very broadly cuneate or transversely rectangular at
the basal part and produced into 2-3 linear-filiform segments
1-2 lin. long ; styles united into a column ? lin. long, with radiating
arms 3-1 lin. long, subentire or minutely 2-lobed at the apex ;
capsule erect, 4—5 lin. in diam., with the outer substance evidently
somewhat fleshy, glabrous ; seeds 1?-2 lin. long, ellipsoid, with a
slight groove down the ventral side, and a slight keel down the
dorsal, very faintly and minutely tuberculate as seen under a lens,
brown. E. Cooperi, Berger, Sukk. Euphorb. 84, fig. 21 only, not as
to description. E. grandidens, Adlam in Gard. Chron. 1886, xxvi.
720, fig. 139, not of Haw.
__ Katanart Recron: Transvaal; near Barberton, Pole Evans, 2919! 2931!
izen Farm, Potgieters Rust, Burtt-Davy, 2200! 5658 !
FL. C.—vOL, V.—SECT. II. 28
370 EUPHORBIACE (Brown). [ Zuphorbia.
Eastern Recion : Natal; in woods near Durban, Drége, 4614! Inchanga,
Marloth, 5111! and probably a flowerless specimen from steep rocky hillsides near
Camperdown, Burtt-Davy, 10434 !
Of this species, Drége only collected a few transverse sections and strips from
the angles of the branches, which have been badly eaten by insects. The flowers
of his specimen are very young, with neither stamens nor ovary exserted from the
involucre, but in the form, size and glands of the involucre, and in the very
distinct calyx under the ovary and in the styles, it exactly agrees with the
Inchanga and Transvaal plants, of which latter I have seen good fruiting
specimens, but none in young flower. There are no leaves upon Drége’s specimen,
but upon the Camperdown and Transvaal specimens they are as described above.
Upon a plant brought from Inchanga in Natal by Dr. R. Marloth and cultivated
by him at Cape Town, the well-developed leaves are 3-1 in. long and 5-6 lin.
broad, sessile, oblong-obovate, obtusely rounded and mucronate or slightly toothed
at the apex,
176, E. similis (Berger, Sukk. Euphorb. 69 and 70, with fig.) ;
a tree, 20-30 or more ft. high, succulent, spiny, leafless or with
well-developed foliage leaves ; branches erect, subparallel, probably
forming an obconie crown, fleshy, usually 4- (sometimes 5-) angled,
slightly constricted into parallel-sided segments 6-18 in. long, 2-5
in. square, becoming thicker with age, deep green, not tinted with
blue nor glaucous on the younger parts; angles wing-like, rather
thin and not more than 14 lin. thick at the edge on the younger
branches, except at the spine-shields, straight or wavy, nearly even
or slightly sinuate-toothed at the margins, when young separated
by broad triangular channels 14-1} in. deep, with age growing out
into flat faces, their sides marked by a slightly prominent longi-
tudinal rib nearly midway .between the centre and margin, from -
which other slightly prominent ribs obliquely ascend to the
spine-shields ; leaves sometimes rudimentary and scale-like, 14 lin.
long, deltoid, subulate-acuminate and recurved, sometimes deve-
loped into a linear-cuneate or cuneate-lanceolate sessile foliage-leaf
3-3} in. long, 14-8 lin. broad, with a short subulate point at the
apex, deciduous, with small hard auricle-like persistent or deciduous
blackish-brown stipules at the base; spine-shields 3—1} in. apart,
14-1} lin. long and 14-1} lin. broad, suborbicular, bearing a pair
of diverging and distinctly deflexed spines 14—2 lin. long, blackish ;
flowering-eyes 2-4 lin. above the spine-shields and quite separate
from them, with 1—2 small blackish-brown scales about or covering
them ; flowers and fruit not seen. N. E. Br. in Dyer, Fl. Trop-
Afr. vi.i. 591. E. natalensis, Hort. ex Berger, Sukk. Euwphorb. 71,
not of Bernh.
Soutu Arrica? Described from a living plant long cultivated at Kew !
The native country of this plant is unknown, but as the name ‘ Z. natalensis e
has been applied to it in gardens, it may possibly have been introduced from Natal
by Mr. T. Cooper about 1862. It was in cultivation at Kew in 1873.
177. E. triangularis (Desf. Cat. Hort. Paris, ed. 3, 339, name
only) ; a tree, 15-20 ft. high, having a naked cylindric trunk with
a trace of 4-angles, and a rounded crown of curved ascending-
spreading branches at the top; branches succulent, in whorl-like
o
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACEAE (Brown). 371
groups, up to 3-4 ft. long and 13-4 in. in diam., 3—5-angled,
deeply constricted into segments 3-12 in. long, with parallel sides
or gradually tapering upwards from a broader base, with the solid
central part about } in. thick and the wing-like angles about
3-1} in. broad at the broadest part, 14-2 lin. thick at the margin,
sinuate-toothed or toothless, green, not glaucous ; leaves very small,
soon deciduous, sessile, 3-34 lin. long, 24-3 lin. broad, cordate-
ovate to cordate-orbicular, obtuse or subacute, glabrous; spine-
shields sometimes separate, sometimes united into a continuous or
interrupted horny brown or greyish margin to the angles even on
the same branch, narrow ; spines 14-4 lin. long, in pairs 4-9 lin.
apart, widely diverging, brown, becoming grey; flowering-eyes
2-3 lin. above the spine-pairs and touching or surrounded by the
horny spine-shields, each producing 2—3 cymes on peduncles 1-1}
lin. long, bearing 3 involucres, glabrous ; bracts scale-like, }—-1 lin.
long, broadly ovate or suborbicular, obtusely rounded at the apex,
the larger slightly keeled, glabrous ; involucres 2-24 lin. in diam.,
cup-shaped, glabrous, with 5 glands and 5 subquadrate or trans-
versely rectangular toothed lobes; glands }~1 lin. in their greater
diam., rather rigid, transversely oblong or elliptic-oblong, convex
from their ends being recurved, rather deeply and somewhat reti-
culately pitted or labyrinthally wrinkled, yellow ; capsule 3-4 lin.
in diam., with 3 obtusely rounded lobes as seen from above,
glabrous, exserted on a curved pedicel 1}-2 lin. beyond the
involucre ; styles united into a column }—1 lin. long, with rather
slender spreading arms }—3 lin. long, thickened and channelled at
the revolute tips; seeds 14-1} lin, long, oblong, equally obtuse
at each end, somewhat keeled down the inner face, smooth, dark
brown. Berger, Sukk. Euphorb. 57. E. grandidens, Sim, For. Fl.
Cap. Col. 317, t. 141, fig. 1, not of Haw.
Coast Reaton: Uitenhage Div. ; Redhouse, Mrs. Paterson, 88, partly! East
London Div. ; near East London, Rattray, 383! Marloth, 5100! Galpin, 3108 !
Komgha Diy. ; near Komgha, Flanagan, 1704! also cultivated specimens!
Eastern Recton: Transkei; Kentani district, Miss Pegler, 1203! 1419 partly !
Natal; Amanzimtote, Miss Franks in Herb. Wood, 11866!
Partly described from a very old living plant, long cultivated at Kew, and pro-
bably obtained from the Jardin des Plantes early in the 19th century. The wild
Specimens above quoted undoubtedly belong to this species.
178. E. Evansii (Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xliii. 86); a tree with a
bushy crown of succulent spiny leafless branches at the top ;
branches flat and 2-angled or 3—4-angled, in the specimens seen
6-18 in. long, 1-1} in. in diam., glabrous, light green ; angles
wing-like, broader than the solid central part, slightly or distinctly
sinuate-toothed ; teeth 1-3 in. apart, very broadly triangular and
about equally sloping upwards and downwards; spine-shields
harrow, about | lin. broad at the middle and either confluent into
@ narrow horny border to the angles or (if free) about equally
produced above and below the spines, light brown, bearing a
pair of very widely diverging dark brown slender Arg 2-4
7 28
372 EUPHORBIACEAE (Brown). [ Huphorbia.
lin. long, with or without a pair of minute points near their
base, one on each side of the leaf-scar; leaves very small,
sessile, very spreading or recurved, 1}-3 lin. long and as much
in breadth, broadly rounded or slightly notched at the apex,
fleshy, glabrous; flowering-eyes 14-2} lin. above the spine-
pairs, enclosed in or free from the horny margins formed by the
spine-shields ; flowers not seen, according to Pax the involucre 1s
solitary, very shortly pedunculate, about 2 lin. in diam., with
transverse “ ovate ” (elliptic-oblong?) rugulose glands.
Katanari Recon: Transvaal ; Low Veld near Barberton, Evans (ex Paz), and
without precise locality, Burtt-Davy, 5657 !
Eastern Recion: Natal ; Marian Hill, Landauer !
I have not seen the type and describe from the specimens indicated as seen,
which, from the original description, I believe to belong to this species, It 18
closely allied to 2. triangularis, Desf.
179. E. grandidens (Haw. in Phil. Mag. 1825, 33); a tree,
growing to 30 ft. high, witha trunk up to 3 ft. in diam. (? girth), with
the branches agd branchlets more or less clustered in whorls ; main
branches cylindric, with a crown of secondary branches at their
ends, naked below ; secondary branches and branchlets succulent,
spiny, leafless, }~} in. in diam., acutely 3—4-angled, rather deeply
sinuate-toothed, glabrous, green, deciduous; spine-shields at the
apex of the teeth 1-11 in. apart, small, ovate, more or less acutely
pointed at each end, bearing a pair of divergent spines }-3 lin.
long or sometimes nearly obsolete, and often a pair of minute
prickles above them, grey ; leaves rudimentary, minute, scale-like,
deltoid, soon deciduous; flowering-eyes in the axils of the spine
shields and not embraced by them, producing 1 subsessile or veTy
shortly pedunculate 3-flowered cyme ; bracts minute, shorter than
the involucre, scale-like, very obtuse, glabrous; involucres 2-23
lin. in diam., cup-shaped, glabrous, pale green, with 5 glands and
5 subquadrate fringed lobes; glands contiguous, slightly deflexed
when mature, 3-11 lin. in their greater diam., transversely oblong,
entire, rugose, yellowish-green ; capsule about } in. in diam., 0
3 laterally compressed lobes as seen from above, glabrous, exserted
on a curved pedicel 1-2} lin. beyond the involucre; styles free
nearly to the base, spreading, } lin. long, slender, very shortly
2-lobed atthe apex; seeds subglobose, about 1} lin. in diam.
smooth, brown. Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 82; Goebel, Pflan-
zenbiol. Schilderung. i. 64, fig. 31 (not 41, fig. 15); Berger, Sukk.
Euphorb., 47-48, fig. 12. EE. arborescens, Salm-Dyck, and
magnidens, Haw. ea Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 104-105, names only:
Sout Arrica: without locality, cultivated specimens, Bowie !
Coast Reaion: East London Div. ; Buffalo River Valley, 10-12. miles yess?
ver te of the River, Wood! First Creek, Queens Park, Rattray (photogt@P
only) -
-Eastern Recion: Transkei; Kentani, near Kobonqubo, Miss Pegler, 1419
partly! in woods near Columba, Miss Pegler, 1518! Natal; Botanic Garden, —
Durban, Wood, 9129!
Euphorbia.) EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). 373
Described partly from a descendant of the type plant, which, introduced by
Bowie in 1822, is still flourishing at Kew, where a drawing of the original plant
from which Haworth described is also preserved. The plant figured by Sim, in
the Forest Flora of Cape Colony, t. 141, fig. 1, as 2. grandidens is EF. triangularis,
Desf.
180, E. tetragona (Haw. in Phil. Mag. 1827, 276); a tree, up to
40 ft. high, sometimes with a single trunk up to 6 in. thick, some-
times also with 3-5 trunk-like branches ascending from near the
base, slightly 6-8-angled, each with a short broad crown of
spreading or ascending-spreading succulent spiny leafless branches
and branchlets, usually clustered in whorl-like groups, naked below
from the branches being deciduous ; main branches at first about 1,
ultimately 2 in. or more thick, usually 4-6-angled; flowering
branchlets 3-1 in. thick, usually 4-5- (sometimes 3-) angled, with
concave or nearly flat sides, with or without a few constrictions,
rather light green ; angles slightly toothed, with the teeth }-} in.
apart, armed with spines on young and the lower branches of old
trees, but sometimes on old trees the spine-shields are nearly or
quite spineless; leaves rudimentary, scale-like ; spine-shields 14—4
lin. long, separate, not forming a continuous horny margin to the
angles, lanceolate, cuneate or obovate, bearing a pair of widely
diverging spines 1-6 lin. long, without prickles at their base, light
brown, finally grey; flowering-eyes touching or partly or wholly
included in the spine-shields ; cymes solitary, with a peduncle about
1 lin. long, bearing 3 involucres and some small scale-like bracts ;
involucres 14-2 lin. in diam., obconic, yellow, with 5 transverse
narrowly oblong entire yellow glands; ovary subglobose, exserted
on a pedicel not exceeding the involucre, light green ; styles free
to the base, apparently about } lin. long, ascending-spreading,
subentire at the apex, dull ochreous. Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii.
84; Berger, Sukk. Euphorb. 58; Marloth in Wissensch. Ergebn.
Deutsch. Tiefsee-Exped. ii. iii. 57, fig. 6.
Coast Rearon : Albany Div. ; Zuurberg Range, near Alicedale, Marloth, 4381 !
Queenstown Div. ; valley of the Zwart Kei River near its junction with the White _
Kei River, abundant, Galpin, 8100! East London Div. ; dry banks near East
London, Rattray, 381! Marloth, 4381! also cultivated specimens !
According to a note received from Mr. Galpin, this is the only arborescent species
in Queenstown Division, and he states that it also occurs in Cathcart Div., King
Williamstown Div., and Tembuland, but I have not seen specimens from any of
these regions,
E. tetragona of Sim’s Forest Flora of Cape Colony, 316, t. 141, fig. ili., is a
mixture of at least 2 and probably 3 distinct species, of which only that repre-
sented on t, 141, fig. iii. 4, appears to belong to the true Z. tetragona.
As I have not seen flowers of this species, my description of them is from a
drawing made in 1830 from the type plant described by Haworth, all the specimens
quoted are barren,
Described partly from the type plant (or a portion of it) which still flourishes at
Kew, partly from notes and photographs kindly supplied by Mr. E. E. Galpin.
374 EUPHORBIACE (Brown). { Zuphorbia,
Imperfectly known species.
181, E. parvimamma (Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 86 and 92
under E. pugniformis); stem very short, fleshy, thickened at the
obconic apex, producing numerous short stellately radiating
branches scarcely 2 in. long ; tubercles minute, depressed, roundish-
ovate, crowded, 2-3 lin. long (breadth and prominence not stated) ;
leaves scarcely 14 lin. long, ovate-spathulate, mucronate. Flowers
unknown.
Sovrn Arica : without locality, originally described. from a cultivated plant of
which nothing more is known.
So far as I have been able to ascertain, no specimen of this species exists in the
Boissier or any other Herbarium. But between 1866 and 1870, in the collections
of Mr. T. Cooper and Mr, W. Wilson Saunders, I saw plants cultivated under the
name of £. parvimamma, which I now recognise to have been F. inermis, Mill.,
and to a certain extent Boissier’s description agrees with that species, but as he
states that the branches are scarcely 2 in. long, whilst in 4. inermis (especially
under cultivation) they are usually much longer than that, I think it cannot have
been EH. inermis that he was describing and, therefore, the identification of
E. parvimamma must remain doubtful. However, it cannot possibly have been
the plant Berger has described as FZ. parvimamma, since the latter has long
branches, with larger tubercles and leaves twice as long as those of Boissier's
plant.
182. E, procumbens (Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. viii. no. 12); dwarf,
succulent, spineless ; main body of the plant not more'than 3 in.
high ; branches spreading on the ground, seldom more than 6 in.
long, with square tubercles, leafless ; flowers not described. Medusea
procumbens, Haw. Syn. Pl. Suce. 134, excl. reference to Burmann ;
Klotzsch & Giircke in Abhandl. Akad. Berlin, 1860, 61.
Sours Arrica : originally described from cultivated plants.
Nothing is known of this plant heyond the imperfect descriptions of Miller and
Haworth, given above. The plant that has been supposed to be this species 1
E. passa, N. E. Br., which see.
183, E. Haworthii (Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. i. 356, not of 357) ;
stem or branches succulent, spineless, tuberculate ; leaves linear-
lanceolate ; peduncles pubescent, persistent ; bracts cuneate-obovate,
subentire ; glands of the involucre (described as petals by Haworth)
pectinate-serrate. Treisia Clava, Haw. Syn. Pl. Succ. 131, ewel.
all syn.
Sour Arrica. Described by Haworth from a cultivated plant.
As Haworth describes the glands of the involucre as being toothed, the plant he
had could not have been Z. Clava of Jacquin, which has entire glands.
Excluded species.
E. spartioides (Jacq. Hort. Schoenbr. iv. 44, t. 486); by some
error this is stated by Jacquin to be a native of South Africa, but
the plant represented by him is merely a form of EB. Cupani, Guss.,
a native of Sicily.
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACE& (Brown). 375
E. pendula (Link, Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. ii. 10); stems long and
pendulous, forking at distant intervals, about 2 lin. thick, terete,
succulent, glabrous ; leaves opposite, rudimentary, minute, deltoid,
acute, closely adpressed to the branches. Boiss. in DC. Prodr, xv.
i. 76; Berger, Sukk. Euphorb., 19 and 20, fig. 1.
This plant has been supposed to be a native of South Africa, but I have not
seen any specimens from that region which at all resemble it. I believe it to be
Sarcostemma brunonianum, Wight and Arnott, a native of India. It is a very old
garden plant, whose flowers are unknown. During my 42 years’ knowledge of the
plant at Kew, I have never seen it in flower, so that it evidently flowers very rarely
under cultivation. In January of this year (1915), however, a friend forwarded to
me a sketch of a flower, which developed upon a plant of ‘‘ Euphorbia pendula,”
cultivated by another lover of succulent plants. This drawing undoubtedly
represents the flower of an Asclepiad and apparently of the genus Sarcostemma,
but is too imperfect to confirm the opinion above expressed of its specific
identity.
E. viminalis (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 452, and Ameen. Acad. iii. 110 ;
Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. viii. no. 15) is Sarcostemma viminale, R. Br.
IV. BUXUS, Linn.
Flowers moncecious. Disc 0. Male flower: Perianth-segments 4,
imbricate, in 2 series. Stamens 4, opposite the perianth-segments ;
filaments absent (in the S. African species) or present, free, fleshy ;
anthers introrse; cells parallel, dehiscing longitudinally. Rudi-
mentary ovary absent or more usually present. Female flower :
Perianth-segments 4—6, strongly imbricate, the outer smaller. Ovary
3-celled ; styles short, thick, usually distant from one another ;
ovules 2 in each cell, pendulous from the apex of the cells ; raphe
dorsal ; micropyle facing the axis. Capsule ovoid, loculicidal ; valves
2-horned with the persistent styles; pericarp woody ; endocarp
cartilaginous. Seeds oblong or ellipsoid, with a small strophiole ;
testa crustaceous, shining, usually black ; albumen rather fleshy ;
cotyledons oblong.
Much-branched trees or shrubs, usually glabrous ; leaves evergreen, opposite,
shortly petiolate, entire, penninerved ; racemes or cymes axillary, sessile or shortly
pedunculate ; bracts resembling the sepals ; flowers sessile or shortly pedicellate,
the terminal one female, the remainder male.
Disrrip, About 21 species, 6 from temperate and montane regions of the
northern hemisphere, 3 from Tropical Africa, 1 each in Madagascar and South
Africa, the remainder West Indian. :
1. B. Macowani (Oliv. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1518) ; a shrub or tree,
_ attaining 30 ft. high, with a trunk up to 1 ft. in diam. ; branchlets
_ angular, minutely puberulous, soon becoming quite glabrous ; leaves
_ Subsessile, obovate or oblanceolate, rounded or obtuse at the apex,
376 EUPHORBIACEA (Hutchinson), [ Buss.
cuneate at the base, 4-1 lin. long, 34-6 lin. broad, rigidly
coriaceous, shining on both surfaces, without distinct nerves ;
flowers moneecious, axillary, with about 2 lateral shortly pedicellate
or subsessile males, and a solitary central shortly pedicellate
female; male flowers: bracts much shorter than the perianth,
broadly ovate, coriaceous, glabrous; perianth-segments 4, broadly
ovate, minutely ciliolate; anthers large, sessile; rudimentary
ovary absent; female flowers: pedicels covered with triangular
imbricate glabrous bracts; perianth-segments 4, ovate ;. ovary
glabrous; styles ascending, 14 lin. long, incurved in the young
fruit ; fruits oblong-ellipsoid, about 34 lin. long; styles at length
diverging. Sim, For. Fl. Cape Col. 321, t. exlv. jig. i. ; Hutchinson
in Kew Bulletin, 1912, 55. Buaella Macowani, Van Tiegh. in Ann.
Sci. Nat. 8” sér. v..326.
Coast Recion: King Williamstown Div. ; Perie Forest, Z’yson ! East London
* Div. ; in primitive woods near Kwelegha, Hutchins in MacOwan, Herb. Norm.
Austr.-Afr., 916! Chalumna, MacOwan, 2900! East London, Sim, 2150!
Flanagan, 1727! Ricketts in Natal Gov. Herb., 3863! East London Park, W ‘ood
a a Galpin, 3127! 3128! British Kaffraria; without precise locality,
‘utchins !
V. NOTOBUXUS, Oliv.
Flowers monecious. Petals absent. Dise 0. Male flower:
Sepals 4, in 2 series, obovate, boat-shaped. Stamens 6, in 2 series,
the outer of 2, each opposite an outer sepal, the inner series of 4,
each 2 opposite an inner sepal; anthers sessile, ovoid, dehiscing
longitudinally. Rudimentary ovary absent. Female flower: Sepals
4. Ovary 3-celled ; styles 3, divergent, stigmatose inside ; ovules 2
in each cell, pendulous. Fruit capsular, dehiscing loculicidally ;
valves 2-horned, Seeds oblong, keeled, black and shining.
Small trees or shrubs; leaves opposite, entire, chartaceous, shortly petiolate,
penninerved ; flowers subfasciculate or in short cymes, the female solitary;
terminal, sessile or subsessile, with a few lateral, shortly pedicellate or subsessile
e.
Distris. Species 2, the following and one from East Tropical Africa.
1. N. natalensis (Oliv. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1400); a shrub,
glabrous ; branches longitudinally sulcate, light green ; internodes
1-2 in. long ; leaves obovate-elliptic or oblong, cuneate at the base,
obtuse or emarginate at the apex, 24-4} in. long, 1-2 in. broad,
entire, thinly coriaceous, smooth and slightly shining on both
surfaces ; lateral nerves 3-5 on each side, looped a considerable
distance from the margin, distinct on both surfaces; petiole 1-2
lin. long ; cymes axillary, few-flowered ; male flowers : sepals obovate,
obtuse ; anthers 1} lin. long ; female flowers : sepals ovate-lanceolate,
Notobuaus. | EUPHORBIACE& (Hutchinson). 377
coriaceous, obtuse, about 14 lin. long, rather densely pubescent
within the margin ; ovary ovoid, glabrous ; styles spreading, with
a stigmatic groove inside; capsule about 5 lin. long; seeds very
black and shining, 34 lin. long. Sim, For. Fl. Cape Col. 320, t. exlv.
Jig. ti. ; Hutchinson in Kew Bulletin, 1912, 55.
EASTERN ReEGIon: Transkei; Manubi forest, Kentani district, Miss Pegler,
1258! and without precise locality, Worsdell! Pondoland; West Gate, Port
St. John, 750 ft., Galpin, 3471! Egossa, Sim, 2424! 2427! Natal; Inanda,
Wood, 374! 1357! Durban, Schlechter, 2797! Tongaat, Cooper, 3465! Gerrard,
20! The Bluff, near Durban, Wood, 5790! 11946! and without precise locality,
Mrs. Saunders !
VI. ANDROSTACHYS, Prain.
Flowers diccious. Petals and dise absent. Male flowers: Calyx
composed of 2—5 bract-like free spirally arranged sepals. Stamens
very many, spirally arranged on a prolonged axis ; lowest filaments
very short and recurved, the remaining anthers sessile ; anthers
elongated, more or less applied to the axis ; cells distinct, adnate to
the connective, dehiscing longitudinally. Rudimentary ovary absent.
Female flowers: Calyx 5-partite: segments ovate, acuminate,
Imbricate. Ovary 3—4-celled, densely pilose ; styles connate into a
pilose column ; stigmas 3, spreading ; ovules 2ineach cell. Capsule
breaking up into three or four 2-valved cocci ; endocarp crustaceous,
Seeds compressed, ovate; albumen fleshy; cotyledons flat, much
broader than the radicle.
A tall erect tree ; branchlets more or less silky-hairy, angular and articulated ;
leaves opposite, decussate, long-petiolate, coriaceous, more or less silky beneath :
stipules large, coriaceous, connate, interpetiolar and intrapetiolar, forming a
sheath enclosing the flowers and young leaves ; flowers axillary on silky-hairy
peduncles, male 3-nate, female solitary in each leaf-axil ; male peduncles usually
more or less connate, the lateral rather shorter than the central.
Distrre. A solitary species extending into the tropical part of Portuguese East
ca. :
1, A. Johnsonii (Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1908, 439); a tall
rd-wooded tree, providing valuable timber, branchlets angular
and articulated ; leaves opposite, decussate, ovate, obtuse, rounded
or subcordate at the base, 11-2 in. long, 1-14 in. broad, entire,
rigidly coriaceous, glabrous above, more or less densely woolly-hairy
Ow ; stipular sheath # in. long, silky-pubescent outside ; petioles
4-} in. long, silky-hairy ; flowers yellow ; peduncles }—} in. long;
flowers : sepals petaloid, lanceolate, with retuse or 2-lobed tips,
long-pilose outside ; staminal axis }-1 in. long; female flowers:
calyx-segments } in. long, silky ; capsule depressed, } in. long ; seeds
in. long, } in. broad; testa brown and shining. Prain in Kew
‘Bulletin, 1909, 201, with figs., and 1912, 307-8 ; Hutchinson in Dyer,
378 EUPHORBIACEE (Hutchinson). [Androstachys.
Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 741, 1049. Weihea(?) subpeltata, Sim, For. Fl.
Port. E. Afr. 66, t. lxi. A.
Eastern Recon: Portuguese East Africa; Inhambane, 0’ Neill! Lebombo
Mountains, Sim! Swaziland : Ubombo, Warner, 7009 !
Occurs also in Tropical South East Africa.
VII. BRIDELIA, Willd.
Flowers moncecious or rarely dicecious. Petals present. Male
flower: Sepals 5, valvate. Petals 5, usually small and scale-like,
clawed or spathulate, the limb often toothed. Disc entire or
sinuately lobed. Stamens 5; filaments connate in their lower part
into a column in the centre of the flower, the upper parts of the
filaments free and spreading ; anther-cells parallel, dehiscing longi-
tudinally. Rudimentary ovary inserted at the apex of the staminal
column, entire or divided. Female flower: Sepals often narrower
than those of the male. Disc double, the outer annular ; the inner
often cupular and embracing the ovary. Ovary 2- (rarely 3-) celled :
styles distinct or shortly connate at the base, bilobed or subentire ;
ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit a small berry or drupe ; exocarp
fleshy or pulpy; endocarp crustaceous or hardened into 2 (or by
abortion 1) pyrenes. Seeds often solitary in each pyrene ; albumen
usually fleshy, deeply excavated on the inner face ; cotyledons broad
and thin.
_ Shrubs or trees with alternate petiolate entire leaves ; tertiary nerves mostly
parallel ; flowers small, in axillary glomerules, rarely in spicate clusters, the male
numerous and subsessile, the female fewer or solitary, sometimes distinctly
pedicellate ; bracts small and scaly ; berries or drupes ovoid or globose, small,
smooth.
Distris. About 41 species, mostly from Tropical Asia, ranging through the
Malay Archipelago to New Caledonia and Australia ; a few in Madagascar, 16
Tropical Africa, 6 of which occur in South Africa.
Fruits 2-celled ; leaves densely and softly pubescent on
both surfaces or below only :
Leaves permanently hairy above; sepals of the
male flowers densely pubescent outside ..» (1) mollis.
Leaves glabrous above from the beginning ; sepals :
of the male flowers glabrous... es ... (2) angolensis.
Fruits 2-celled ; leaves glabrous :
Lateral nerves of the leaves not extended to the
margin to form a marginal nerve, more or less j
reticulate ... ee tee oe ae ... (3) cathartica.
Lateral nerves of the leaves extended to the margi: :
and forming a marginal nerve ... eee ... (4) Schlechteri.
Fruits 1-celled ; leaves glabrous or hairy :
Leaves rusty-pubescent below ; veins usually promi-
nent on the lower surface oes a ... (5) ferruginea.
Leaves glabrous or minutely puberulous below ; veins
scarcely prominent .,. ... «» ~~». (6) micrantha.
Bridelia. | EUPHORBIACEA (Hutchinson). 379
1. B. mollis (Hutchinson in Kew Bulletin, 1912, 100); a small
tree, about 15 ft. high; branchlets brown-tomentose when young,
at length becoming glabrous; leaves broadly elliptic or obovate-
rotundate, rounded or truncate and sometimes slightly cordate at
the base, 1$—-44 in. long, 11-3} in. broad, coriaceous, shortly and
rather densely pubescent below ; lateral nerves 9-12 on each side,
branched towards the margin, but finally reaching it and forming a
marginal nerve ; tertiary nerves close, slightly prominent below ;
veinlets not or scarcely prominent below ; petiole 2-2} lin. long,
densely pubescent ; stipules lanceolate or subulate-lanceolate, 2-3
lin. long, 1 lin. broad, densely pubescent ; male flowers subsessile
or shortly pedicellate ; sepals ovate-triangular, 14 lin. long, 1 lin.
broad, pubescent outside ; petals broadly obovate, slightly toothed
in the upper half, 1 lin. long, 3 lin. broad, glabrous ; dise broad and
flat, glabrous ; staminal column 2 lin, long, the free part of the
filaments } lin. long, very slender towards the apex ; anthers 3 lin.
long, glabrous ; rudimentary ovary } lin. long, much swollen at the
base, glabrous; female flowers very shortly pedicellate ; sepals
ovate-lanceolate, 14 lin. long, rusty-pubescent; petals oblong-
lanceolate, 2 the length of the sepals ; dise cupular, lobed, glabrous ;
ovary glabrous ; fruits 2-celled, transversely ellipsoid or subglobose,
about 4 lin. in diam. Hutchinson in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 612.
B. stipularis, Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 499, partly (as to Kirk’s
4ambesi specimen) not of Blume.
Kananart REGION: Transvaal ; Warm Bath, Waterberg district, Burtt-Davy,
2404! 5603! Makapans Berg, at Streydpoort, Rehmann, 5393! Macalisberg
Range, Burke! near Rustenburg, Miss Pegler in Herb. Bolus, 1063!
Occurs also in the Zambesi basin, Tropical Africa.
2. B. angolensis (Welw. ex Miill. Arg. in Journ. Bot. 1864,
327) ; a small tree, 15-20 ft. high; trunk 4-8 in. in diam, at the
base, bare to a height of 6-7 ft., then with crowded branches and
foliage ;_ branchlets pubescent; leaves broadly elliptic, oblong-
elliptic or oyate-elliptic, obtuse, somewhat truncate or rounded at
the base, 24-4 in. long, 14-24 in. broad, rigidly coriaceous, glabrous
and dull above, with the nerves and veins densely pubescent below ;
lateral nerves 14-16 on each side, branching towards the margin
and finally reaching it, and forming a marginal nerve, prominent
below, impressed above; tertiary nerves close, prominent below ;
veinlets forming a deep network on the lower surface ; petiole very
thick, wrinkled, 3-4 lin. long, pubescent ; stipules ovate—lanceolate ;
bracts ovate-deltoid, strongly keeled, brown-villous on the outside ;
male flowers subsessile ; sepals ovate, obtuse, glabrous ; petals con-
x Spicuous, obovate, 3—5-toothed ; dise broad and flat, slightly rugose ;
rudimentary ovary subentire ; young female flowers not seen ; disc
lobed, glabrous ; fruit 2-celled, globose, 4 lin. in diam.; seeds
_ flattened on the inner side; testa shining. Miill. Arg. in DC.
_ Prodr. xv. ii. 496 ; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 953 ; Hutchinson
380 EUPHORBIACE& (Hutchinson). | Bridelia.
in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 615. B. angolensis, vars. typica and
Welwitschii, Gehrm. in Engl. Jahrb. xli. Beibl. 95, 31.
Eastern Recion: Inhambane, Schlechter !
Occurs also in Angola, Tropical Africa.
3. B, cathartica (Bertol. f. Ilustr. Mozambiq. 16, n. 13, t. 6);
a shrub, about 6 ft. high; branchlets slender, glabrous, with
very short internodes; leaves elliptic, oblong-elliptic or narrowly
obovate, rounded or obtuse at the base, rounded or very
obtusely pointed at the apex, 1-3} in. long, }-2 in. broad,
papery, glabrous on both surfaces, more or less glaucous beneath ;
lateral nerves looped before reaching the margin, 5-10 on each
side ; tertiary nerves reticulate ; petiole 1-2 lin, long, wrinkled,
glabrous or pubescent; stipules lanceolate or linear-lanceolate,
acute, 1-11 lin. long, sparingly pubescent ; bracts pubescent ; male
flowers ; sepals ovate, subacute, glabrous; petals suborbicular or
obovate, entire or slightly toothed ; disc thin; rudimentary ovary
deeply bifid ; female flowers : sepals triangular, subacute, glabrous ;
petals large, shortly clawed, entire; disc enclosing the ovary,
toothed, glabrous outside ; ovary ovoid, glabrous ; styles very short,
bilobed ; fruits 2-celled, ellipsoid, 44 lin. long, 4 lin. broad, black
when dry. Miill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 502 ; Pax in Engl. Pf.
Ost-Afr. C. 237 ; Hutchinson in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 617.
Katanart Recion: Transvaal; Komati Poort, Kirk, 100! Barberton, Pole
Evans, 29451
Eastern Recion: Portugese East Africa ; Ressano Garcia, Schlechter, 11890!
oranges through the Zambesi basin to the Rovuma River in German East
Tica.
4. B. Schlechteri (Hutchinson in Kew Bulletin, 1914, 249) ;
branches rather slender and marked with prominent lenticels,
young branchlets elongated, slightly pubescent at the nodes ; leaves
oblong-oblanceolate, subacute, slightly narrowed to a rounded or
obtuse base, 1-21 in. long, $1} in. broad, papery, glabrous on both
surfaces, glaucous beneath ; lateral nerves continued to the margin,
arcuate, very slender, distinct on both surfaces; tertiary nerves
parallel, slender ; petiole 1-1} lin. long, black, wrinkled, slightly
pubescent ; stipules subcaducous, subulate-lanceolate, acuminate,
2 lin. long, pubescent; male flowers shortly pedicellate ; sepals
ovate, obtuse, about 1 lin. long, } lin. broad, glabrous ; petals sub-
orbicular, about half as long as the sepals, rather fleshy, obscurely
toothed at the apex; disc orbicular, flat and fleshy; staminal
column slender, 2 lin. long; anthers small; rudimentary ovary
more or less subulate ; female flowers subsessile, pubescent arou
the base ; sepals as in the male but slightly larger ; petals as in the
male; outer disc fleshy, inner disc thinner and deeply lobed,
glabrous ; ovary ellipsoid, smooth ; styles 2, free to the base, deeply
bilobed ; young fruits ellipsoid, apparently 2-celled.
Bridelia. | EUPHORBIACEA (Hutchinson). ~ 381
Eastern REGION: Portuguese East Africa; Inyamasan, Schlechter, 12065!
This species has also been collected by Rogers (4551) at Beira, Port. E, Africa,
which is beyond the area of the Flora Capensis.
5. B. ferruginea (Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 511); a shrub or
small tree, 10-15 ft. high ; branchlets ferruginous-pubescent ; leaves
elliptic and oblong-elliptic, very shortly acuminate, rounded at the
base, 2-4 in. long, 1-24 in. broad, coriaceous, glabrous or almost
so above, pubescent on the nerves and veins below; lateral nerves
extending to the margin but often branching, slightly oblique, 7-9
on each side ; tertiary nerves wavy, somewhat lax ; petiole 14-3 lin.
long, tomentose; stipules lanceolate, acute, about 3 lin. long,
pubescent ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, pubescent ; male flowers: sepals
ovate-lanceolate, subacute and very slightly hooded at the apex,
pubescent outside with long adpressed hairs ; petals small, obovate,
toothed; dise thick, wrinkled; rudimentary ovary subentire ;
female flowers: sepals as in the male; petals lanceolate, acute ;
dise bottle-shaped, enclosing the ovary, lobed, long-pubescent out-
side ; ovary-ovoid ; styles 2, bipartite ; fruit 1-celled, ovoid-oblong,
3—4 lin. long, 24 lin. in diam. Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 954,
excl. var.; Gehrm. in Engl. Jahrb. xli. Beibl. 95, 39; Hutchinson
in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 619. B. micrantha, var. ferruginea,
Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 498; De Wild. & Durand in Bull.
Herb. Boiss., 2 sér. i. 46; De Wild. Miss. E. Laurent, 128, and
Ktudes Fl. Bas- et Moyen-Congo, ii. 276. B. speciosa, var. kourou-
sensis, Beille in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. lv. Mém. viii. 68. entilia
Chevalieri, Beille, l.c. 71.
Eastern Recton: Delagoa Bay, Schlechter !
Widely spread in Tropical Africa.
FY 6. 8B. micrantha (Baill. Adansonia, iii. 164); a tree, 20-40 ft.
- high; branchlets pubescent when young, soon becoming quite
glabrous, with conspicuous scattered lenticels; leaves elliptic,
oblong-elliptic or obovate, shortly acuminate and subacute or
obtuse at the apex, slightly cuneate or rounded at the base, 2-7
in. long, 1-3 in. broad, slightly coriaceous, often shining and
glabrous above, glabrous or minutely puberulous below ; lateral
nerves ascending, slightly oblique, 8-16 on each side, continued to
the margin and forming a marginal nerve, prominent below ;
tertiary nerves more or less inconspicuous; petiole stout, 2-5
lin, long, wrinkled, densely pubescent or puberulous; stipules
caducous ; bracts pubescent; male flowers shortly stalked ; sepals
triangular, subsessile, 4 lin. long, pubescent towards the base ;
petals small, obovate-cuneate, trilobed or dentate ; disc thick and
fleshy ; rudimentary ovary truncate or trifid, very short ; female
flowers sessile: sepals as in the male; petals ovate, entire ; disc»
_ almost enclosing the ovary, ciliate, densely pilose outside; ovary
_ ovoid, glabrous; styles 2, 2-lobed, glabrous; fruits ovoid or
382 EUPHORBIACEA (Hutchinson). [Bridelia.
ellipsoid, 2-3 lin. in diam., l-celled. Muill, Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv.
ii. 498 (eacl. var. ferruginea with syn.) ; De Wild. et Durand, Relig.
Dewevr., 200; De Wild. Etud. Fl. Bas- et Moyen-Congo, i. 275;
ii. 276; Sim, For. Fl. Cape Col. 317; Hutchinson in Dyer, FI.
Trop. Afr. vi. i. 620. B. gambecola, Baill. Adansonia, i. 79;
Gehrm. in Engl. Jahrb. xii. Beibl. 95, 40. B. stenocarpa, Miill.-Arg.
in Flora, 1864, 515; Pax in Engl. Jahrb. viii. 61; Paw in Bolet.
Soc. Brot. x. 157; Gehrm. lc. B. ferruginea, var. gambecola,
Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw.i.954. Candelabria micrantha, Hochst.
in Flora, 1843, 79.
Katanart Recion: Transvaal; Rehbokdraai, near Barberton, Burtt-Davy,
1626! Barberton, Burtt-Davy, 8003! 8035! Shilovane, Junod, 682! near
Haenertsburg, Zoutpansberg, Legat, 4031! Tzaneen Estate, Burtt-Davy, 2563!
Charter, 4213! Potatobosch, Lastwood, 2432 !
Eastern ReGion: Natal; in woods near Durban, Krauss, 133! Plant, 43!
Gueinzius! Gerrard, 527! Mount Edgecumbe, Wood, 11467 manda, Wood, 1334!
1702! Nolote River, Gerrard, 25! and without precise locality, Gerrard, 372!
Widely spread in Tropical Africa.
VIII. CLEISTANTHUS, Hook. f.
Flowers moncecious or dicecious. Petals usually present. Male
flower: Calya-segments 5, valvate. Petals 5 or rarely absent, scale-
like, small. Dise entire or sinuately lobed. Stamens 5, as In
Bridelia ; anther-cells parallel, dehiscing longitudinally. | Rudi-
mentary ovary in the middle of the staminal column, often divided.
Female flower: Calyx less deeply divided than that of the male.
Dise double, the inner part cupular, surrounding the ovary. Ovary
3-celled ; styles distinct, bifid; ovules 2 in each cell. Capsule
globose or depressed-globose, often 3-lobed, splitting into three
2-valved cocci. Seeds 2 in each cell (or 1 by abortion); albumen
scanty ; cotyledons thick and fleshy, rarely thin, often more or
less plicate.
Trees or shrubs ; leaves alternate, with reticulate tertiary nerves; flowers small,
in axillary fascicles or very short racemes.
Distris. About 50 species, mostly Indian and Malayan, a few in New Caledonia,
Australia, Madagascar and Tropical Africa.
1, C.Schlechteri (Hutchinson) ; branches slightly sulcate, glabrous,
greyish ; young branchlets shortly pubescent with brown hairs; leaves
oblong or oblong-elliptic, rounded at both ends or almost subcordate
at the base, }—1 in. long, 3-5 lin. broad, entire, chartaceous, glabrous
on both surfaces ; lateral nerves 4-6 on each side, distinct on both
“surfaces, arcuate, prominent below ; petiole }-1} lin. long, shortly
pubescent ; stipules deciduous; flowers moniecious ; racemes very
_ short and few-flowered, about half male and half female ; pedicels —
Cleistanthus.| | EUPHORBIACE& (Hutchinson). 383
fairly slender, up to 3 in. long, puberulous ; buds clavate-ellipsoid,
obtuse, about 2 lin. long; sepals linear or oblong-linear, obtuse,
2 lin. long, minutely puberulous ; petals small, about 1 the length
of the sepals, subspathulate ; disc thick, undulate, glabrous ; anthers
1} lin. long; rudimentary ovary small, tripartite ; female flowers
similar to the male ; ovary subglobose, black, glabrous ; styles 3,
_ somewhat slender, bifid, glabrous ; ripe fruits not seen. Securinega
Schlechteri, Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 18.
* Eastern Recion: Delagoa Bay ; Lorenzo Marques, Schlechter, 11524!
This is undoubtedly a species of Cleistanthus, and very closely allied to
C. Holtzii, Pax, but distinguished by its much smaller leaves.
TX. LACHNOSTYLIS, Turez.
Flowers dicecious. Petals present. Male flower: Sepals 5,
imbricate, subequal. Petals 5, slightly larger than the sepals.
Dise-glands thick, villous. Stamens 5; filaments connate for half
their length, spreading in the upper part around a villous tripartite
rudimentary ovary ; anther-cells parallel, dehiscing longitudinally.
Female flower : Sepals and petals as in the male. Disc annular,
thick, villous. Ovary ovoid-globose, 3-celled, tomentose; styles
short, recurved-spreading, shortly bifid ; ovules 2 in each ovary-cell.
Capsule breaking up into 2-valved cocci; pericarp thick and crus-
taceous. Seeds subglobose, smooth; albumen scanty; cotyledons
broad, much contorted-plicate.
A much-branched shrub; leaves rather small, alternate, coriaceous, entire ;
flowers fasciculate in the leaf-axils, the male shortly pedicellate, the female fewer
than the male or subsolitary, long pedicellate.
Distrip. Species 1, endemic.
1. L. capensis (Turcz. in Bull Soc. Nat. Mose. xix. ii. 503); a
shrub, about 7 ft. high, much branched ; branches twiggy, tomentose
or pubescent when young, at length glabrous and covered with
humerous conspicuous lenticels; leaves oblanceolate, somewhat
rounded and mucronate at the apex, gradually narrowed to the base,
2-2 in. long, 1~2 in. broad, rather rigidly coriaceous, with entire
cartilaginous margins, rather closely and conspicuously reticulate
on both surfaces especially above, puberulous on both surfaces when
young, at length glabrous ; lateral nerves 5—7 on each side, spreading,
_ looped and branched near the margin, conspicuous on both surfaces ;
_ petiole about 1} lin. long, often slightly pubescent ; stipules lanceolate,
membranous, scarcely 1 lin. long, sparingly pubescent or glabrous ;
flowers dicecious, in axillary fascicles, shortly pedicellate ; pedicels
Woolly-tomentuse; male flower: sepals 5, ovate-elliptic, obtuse,
_ Woolly-pubescent, concave on the inside, 14 lin. long, | lin. broad ;
petals obovate, narrowed to the base, slightly larger than the
RE nt ae ee any
384 EUPHORBIACEE (Hutchinson), — [Lachnostylis, ~
sepals, striately nerved, nearly glabrous; disc-glands 5, large,
woolly-pubescent ; stamens 5; filaments connate into a column
for half their length, glabrous; column 1 lin. long, the free part
1} lin. long; anthers 4 lin. long; rudimentary ovary tripartite, —
segments bilobed, villous; female flower: pedicels up to j in. long,
tomentulose ; sepals as in the male but nearly glabrous; petals
narrower than in the male; disc thick, annular, villous; ovary
ovoid-globose, 14 lin. in diam., tomentose; style spreading, } lin.
long, recurved at the tip; capsule trilobed, about 4 lin. in diam.,
rather densely pubescent ; seeds (immature?) wrinkled. Sond. i
Linnea, xxiii. 132; Baill. Btud. Gen. Euph. 663; Sim, For. Fl.
Cape Col. 313} t.“exlii. flg.vi. Cluytia hirta, Linn. f. Suppl. 4325
Vahl, Symb. ii. wi; Thunb. Prodr. 53; Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 272.
Clutia acuminata, Thunb. Prodr. 53; Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 272, eael.
syn. Lachnostylis minor, Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 132. Lachnostylis
hirta, Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr, xv. ii. 224, incl. vars. genuima,
acuminata and minor, Mill. Arg.
SovutH Arrica: without precise locality, Hallach, 11!
Coast Recion : Swellendam Div. ; dry hills near Breede River, Burchell, 7478!
George Div.; Kaimans Gat, Alexander (Prior)! Mossel Bay Div. ; Mossel Bay,
Thunberg! Knysna Div, ; Kaatjes Kraal, Burchell, 5213! Plettenberg Bay,
Pappe! Knysna Forest, McNaughton in Herb. Galpin, 2593! Bowie! Humansdorp
Div. ; Diep Valley near Humansdorp, Bolus, 2396! between Twee Fontein and
Essenbosch, Burchell, 4823! Uitenhage Div.; between Galgebosch and Melk
River, Burchell, 4758! Vanstadens River, MacOwan, 1942! Mrs. Paterson, 1996!
Zwartkops River, Alexander (Prior)! Krakakamma and Uitenhage, Zeyher 3 and
without precise locality, Zeyher, 783! Port Elizabeth Div. ; near Port Elizabeth,
Burchell, 4364! Elands River, Zeyher, 3618! Zuurbraak, Schlechter, 2123!
and without precise locality, Ecklon & Zeyher, 105, 3! 34, 2,1!
X. HEYWOODIA, Sim.
Flowers dicecious. Petals present. Male flower: Sepals ih
unequal, imbricate. Petals 5, about twice the size of the sepals,
strongly imbricate, membranous, slightly clawed, entire. Disc 0.
Stamens 5, inserted in the middle of the flower; filaments very
short, connate at the base; anthers 2-celled, cells parallel, dehiscing
longitudinally. Rudimentary ovary absent. Young female flowers
not known. Capsules in axillary fascicles of 3-4, pedicellate,
breaking up into 2-valved cocci; exocarp wrinkled and yellow
when dry, rather thin, connected with the central axis by 6-7
strands of fibres between the septa; endocarp somewhat thicker,
firmly crustaceous. Seeds about 4 lin. long, smooth.
A large glabrous tree with alternate petiolate entire shining leaves and lax
venation, male flowers small, in dense axillary glomerules ; female in axillary
fascicles of 3-4, pedicellate.
Distzis. Monotypic, endemic.
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_ SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION OF THE PL
“By VARIOUS BOTANISTS.
Heywoodia. | EUPHORBIACE& (Hutchinson). 385
1. H. lucens (Sim, For. Fl. Cape Col. 326, t. 140); a tree, 20-50
ft. high; branches covered with ashy bark; young branchlets
rather slender, obtusely angled or subterete, glabrous; leaves
elliptic or ovate-elliptic, cuneate at the base, gradually and obtusely
pointed at the apex, 24-4 in. long, 1-2 in. broad, entire, rigidly
coriaceous, glabrous and shining on both surfaces; lateral nerves
4-5 on each side, prominent on both surfaces, looped and branched
some distance from the margin, diverging from the midrib at an
angle of 45°; veins very lax, distinct on both surfaces; petiole
$+} in. long, glabrous; male glomerules nearly } in. in diam. ;
bracts suborbicular, membranous, up to } lin. broad, glabrous ;
sepals 3, unequal, orbicular, }-1 lin. in diam., membranous,
convex outside, brown and a little thicker in the upper part,
glabrous ; petals 5, orbicular, slightly clawed, very convex on the
outside, about twice the size of the sepals, membranous, glabrous ;
stamens 8; filaments very short, connate at the base; anthers
2-celled, cells distinct, parallel, dehiscing longitudinally, 1 lin. long ;
female flowers not known; capsule seen only after dehiscence,
evidently ovoid-ellipsoid, about § in. long; exocarp yellow and
wrinkled when dry, crustaceous, glabrous, with 6-7 strands of
fibres connecting it between the septa with the central axis ;
endocarp yellow, firmly crustaceous, nearly } lin. thick; seeds
lanceolate-ovoid, about 4 lin. long, light brown, smooth and
shining, with a narrow groove down the back when dry.
Eastern Recion: Transkei ; Dwessa Forest, Sim, 2594! Pondoland ; Port
St. John, on the river bank, Galpin, 3486!
Native name ‘‘ Nebelele’’ and known as Cape or Black Ebony.
XI. ANDRACHNE, Linn.
Flowers monecious. Petals present. Male flowers: Sepals 5 or
6, membranous. Petals subequal to the sepals. Dise cupular,
crenulate. Stamens 5 or 6, alternating with the petals ; filaments
free or connate towards the base; anthers erect; cells parallel,
distinct, dehiscing longitudinally. - Rudimentary ovary tripartite.
Female flowers : Sepals and petals often more coriaceous than those
of the male. Dise as in the male. Ovary 3-celled; styles very
short, bifid or bipartite; ovules 2 in each cell. Capsule dry,
trilobed, the lobes keeled, breaking into 2-valved cocci. Seeds
_ Wrinkled, estrophiolate ; albumen fleshy ; embryo curved, with a
long radicle ; cotyledons flat and broad.
Diffuse herbs, undershrubs or slender shrubs; leaves alternate, petiolate.
_ Membranous, usually small; flowers pedicellate, axillary, the males often
fasciculate, the female solitary.
Distr. About 20 species, in the warmer parts of the Northern Hemisphere. —
_ FL. C—von. v.—sect. 1. i 2¢
386 EUPHORBIACEA (Hutchinson), —_ [ Andrachne.
1. A. ovalis (Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 233); a shrub,
about 5 ft. high; branches terete, glabrous; leaves ovate, ovate-
elliptic or obovate, obtuse at the apex, cuneate at the base, {—-2 in.
long, 3-11 in. broad, entire, rigidly membranous, bright green,
glabrous on both surfaces; lateral nerves 4—5 on each side, looped
and branched well within the margin, slightly prominent on both
surfaces; petiole 2—5 lin. long, terete, glabrous; stipules ovate-
triangular, acute, minutely ciliolate, } lin. long; flowers mone-
cious ; male pedicels 1-2} lin. long, glabrous; sepals 5, oblong-
obovate, obtuse, 1 lin. long, ? lin. broad, membranous, glabrous,
margins jagged or ciliolate ; petals obovate, rounded at the apex,
narrowed to the base, membranous, glabrous, a little smaller than
the sepals; dise cupular, membranous, crenulate on the margin,
glabrous ; stamens connate in their lower part ; rudimentary ovary
tripartite, the segments swollen at the tips, very sparingly
pubescent; female pedicels 4-7 lin. long, glabrous, thickened
towards the apex; sepals, petals and dise more coriaceous than
those of the male; ovary sparingly setulose; styles extremely
short, bifid; capsule trilobed, lobes slightly keeled, about 5 lin.
in diam., reticulate; seeds wrinkled. Phyllanthus ovalis, Sond. in
Linnea, xxiii. 135; Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 142. P. dregeanus,
Scheele in Linnea, xxv. 585. P. capensis, Spreng. ex Baill. Adan-
sonia, iii. 163. Cluytia ovalis, Scheele in Linnea, xxv. 583; Baill.
Adansonia, iii. 153. Andrachne capensis, Baill. Adansonia, ii. 163.
A. dregeana, Baill. lec. 164. Cluytia Galpini, Pax in Bull. Herb.
Boiss. vi. 736, partly.
SourH Arrica: without precise locality, Zeyher, 246; Harvey! Eeklon &
Zeyher, 31!
Coast Recion: George Div. ; George, Schlechter, 2362! Prior ! Knysna Div. ;
Kaatjes Kraal, Burchell, 5216! 5226! Uitenhage Div. ; near Uitenhage, Burchell,
4272! Alexander (Prior)! Zeyher! Springfields, Paterson, 1034a! 2197 ! George-
town, Alexander (Prior)! Albany Div. ; Blue Krantz, Burchell, 3644! Zwartkops
River, Zeyher, 3819! King Williamstown Div. ; Buffalo River, Drége! and with-
out precise locality, Sim, 2229! Komgha Div. ; near Keimouth, Schlechter, 6188!
Katanart Recion: Transvaal; Houtbosch, Rehmann, 5922! Umvoti Creek,
near Barberton, Galpin, 961!
Eastern Recion: Tembuland ; between Morley and Umtata River, Drege,
8220! Natal; near Mount West, Schlechter, 68261! and without precise locality,
Gerrard, 1161! 1162! Cooper, 1108!
XII. PHYLLANTHUS, Linn.
Flowers monecious or sometimes dicecious. Petals absent. Dis¢
always present in the African species. Male flowers: Sepals 4-6,
free or slightly joined at the base, imbricate, when 4 or 6 often 1”
2 series. Disc of separate glands (annular in 1. P. discoideus) :
Phyllanthus.| | EUPHORBIACE (Hutchinson). 387
glands usually fleshy, smooth or more or less warted. Stamens 2-6,
in the middle of the flower ; filaments free or connate, or some free
and the others connate; anthers 2-celled, oblong or rounded, cells
parallel and dehiscing longitudinally, or diverging from the apex,
the line of dehiscence then appearing transverse and often continuous
between the cells ; connective often slightly produced. Rudimentary
ovary absent. Female flowers: Sepals as in the male but often
larger. Disc hypogynous, usually saucer-shaped or cupular, entire,
variously toothed or lobed, or rarely of separate glands. Ovary
usually 3-celled, sessile or rarely slightly stipitate ; styles 3, rarely
absent, free or partially connate, bifid or bilobed (rarely entire),
the arms slender and sometimes swollen at the apex; ovules 2 in
each cell. Capsule dry or more rarely fleshy, dehiscent or sub-
indehiscent, breaking up into 2-valved cocci. Seeds trigonous,
convex on the back and often longitudinally sulcate or pitted,
without a strophiole ; testa membranous or crustaceous ; albumen
fleshy ; embryo straight or slightly incurved ; cotyledons flat and
Straight or rarely flexuous.
Herbs, shrubs or trees of various habit; leaves alternate in all the African
Species, entire, often distichous, the flowering branchlets frequently simulating
pinnate leaves ; flowers small, axillary, the males mostly numerous and fasciculate,
usually pedicellate, the females few and mostly solitary.
Disrris. About 450 species, spread throughout the tropical regions of both
hemispheres.
Phyllanthus pervilleanus, Mull. Arg. in Linnea, xxxii. 13; Kirganelia pervil-
leana, Baill. Adansonia, ii. 50, is attributed in the Index Kewensis to South
Africa, but seems to be confined to the Mascarene Islands. :
Kirganelia elegans, Juss. (= Phyllanthus Casticum, Soyer-Willemet) is quoted
by Baillon (Adansonia, iii. 165) from the Cape, and Sonnerat’s specimen is
marked so in the Jussieu Herbarium in Paris. Baillon suggests that it is
cultivated at the Cape ; but it seems more probable that the label is wrong, and
that the specimen is really from Mauritius.
*Stamens 4-5 ; filaments free to the base or only one or
two connate and the remainder free :
Large woody much-branched shrubs or trees :
Flowers dicecious : Ne
Dise of the male flowers annular, entire .-- (1) discoideus.
Disc of the male flowers composed of separate
sands ne ais as eu ... (2) flacourtioides.
Flowers moneecious : :
Branches conspicuously verrucose ; flowering
branchlets not produced in the axils of
flowerless branches ... ike oe ... (3) verrucosus.
Branches smooth or very slightly verrucose ;
flowering branchlets produced in the axil of ;
a leafy flowerless shoot... aes w. (4) a
4C 4
388 EUPHORBIACE& (Hutchinson). — [ Phyllanthus.
Annual herbs or small rhizomatous undershrubs : ~
Branchlets and often the leaves on both sides
finely scabrid-puberulous ;
Plants 2-4 in. high with crowded branchlets ... (5) parvulus.
Plants slender, 6-12 in. high, laxly branched ... (6) humilis.
Branchlets and leaves quite smooth :
Pedicels capillary, about #in. long... . (7) nummu-
larifolius.
Pedicels not or scarcely capillary, about 1 lin.
long or less :
Flowering branchlets conspicuously flexuous (8) pentandrus.
Flowering branchlets not flexuous -... ... (9) Burchelli.
**Stamens 3; filaments quite free; leaves ovate or
ovate-orbicular .... pe $45 ee ... (10) glaucophyllus.
***Stamens 3 or 2; filaments connate to the apex :
Stamens 3; plants never densely pubescent or
subtomentose :
Female disc composed of distinct separate glands :
Leaves oblanceolate or linear-lanceolate, appre-
ciably broad and vedas with oe
marked nerves : . (11) madera-
spatensis.
Leaves linear, usually long and very narrow,
without visible nerves tee oe .. (12) ineurvus.
Female disc annular, entire, toothed or lobed :
Flowers dicecious; a shrub with fairly ~~
ovate leaves and rather large flowers . (13) myrtaceus.
Flowers monececious ; small herbs with small
more or less elliptic or suborbicular leaves
and small flowers :
Sepals 5... ee ne PS
Sepals 6
Riasicbieks finely asperulate ; leaves mostly
vs vee (14) meyerianus.
about } in. long awe s .. (15) asperulatus.
Branchlets smooth ; leaves aaa smaller
than in the above :
Dise of the female flowers oo
10-toothed ... . (16) Niruri.
Disc of the female flowers entire or
slightly undulate :
Stigmas subentire and almost sessile
on the ovary; leaves very small ;
and fairly dense ... ie% .. (17) delagoensis.
Stigmas on fairly long spreading live,
sometimes bifid; leaves fair-sized
and mostly very laxly arranged ... (18) heterophyllus.
Stamens 2; plants densely pubescent or sub-
teem TO a Pk OS .. (19) einereoviridis.
1. P. discoideus (Mill, Arg. in Linnea, xxxii. 51); a tree, 30-
50 ft. high or sometimes a shrub ; branches finely sulcate, subterete ;
lateral enor 3 branchlets up FS 21 in. long, spreading, ‘puberulous
ax:
Phyllanthus.| | EUPHORBIACE® (Hutchinson). 389
or rarely glabrous ; leaves ovate-elliptic to obovate-oblanceolate,
rounded or very shortly acuminate at the apex, varying from
rounded to cuneate at the base, 1-4 in. long, 3-14 in. broad,
thinly chartaceous or membranous, glabrous on both surfaces
except the sometimes puberulous midrib below; lateral nerves
6-12 on each side, spreading, slightly raised on both surfaces ;
veins slender and rather close ; petiole 14—2 iin. long, tomentulose
or glabrous ; stipules soon falling off, oblong-linear, 14-2} lin. long,
membranous, glabrescent ; flowers diccious; males numerous, in
fascicles in the axils of the leaves, females similarly arranged but
only about 2 in each fascicle ; male pedicel very slender, 1—14 lin.
long, glabrous or sparingly pubescent, female stouter, 2-3 lin. long,
glabrous or rather densely puberulous ; bracts large, ovate-orbicular,
membranous, soon falling off; male flowers: sepals 4, obovate-
oblong, 4 lin. long, glabrous ; disc fleshy, entire, glabrous ; stamens
4; filaments free to the base; anthers dehiscing longitudinally ;
female flowers: sepals 4, larger than those of the male ; disc large,
fleshy, flat, entire, very minutely puberulous; ovary ellipsoid,
glabrous ; styles connate at the base, the free parts spreading and
flattened, bilobed ; capsule 3—4-lobed, 4 lin. in diam., glabrous ;
seeds triquetrous, rounded on the back, smooth and_ blackish.
Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 416 ; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, 249; Pax
in Bolet. Soc? Brot. x. 157; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 960;
S. Moore in Journ. Linn. Soc. xl. 192 ; Hutchinson in Dyer, Fl. Trop.
Afr. vi. i. 707. P. anomalus, Mill. Arg. le. 418 (as to Kirk’s
specimen from Lake Nyasa); Pax in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 236.
P. amapondensis, Sim, For. Fl. Cape Col. 325, t. exli. fig. ii. Cicea
discoidea, Baill. Adansonia, i. 85. Securinega bailloniana, Mill.
Arg. lc. 451. Diasperus discoideus, O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. ii.
599. Fluggea obovata, Baill. Adansonia, ii, 41 (not Xylophylla
obovata, Willd.). F. major, Baill. Etude Gén. Euphorb. 593, and
Adansonia, ii. 42, and iii. 164. F. nitida, Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xix.
76, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 236. FF. bailloniana, Pas, lc.
in obs.
So : wi j ity, Lalande ! :
Hilces Gutile: Dele Bey pads 59! Lorenzo Marques, Schlechter,
gg 11634! Natal; Umcomaas, Gerrard, 1176! Pondoland ; Egossa Forest,
Yim, 2608 !
Very common and widely spread in Tropical Africa.
2. P. flacourtioides (Hutchinson in Kew Bulletin, 1915, 48) ;
shrubby ; branches terete, glabrous ; young branchlets quite glabrous,
blackish when dry ; leaves elliptic or oblong-elliptic, more or less
rounded at both ends, 1-2 in. long, }-1 in. broad, entire, thinly
chartaceous, glabrous ; lateral nerves about 6 on each side of the
midrib, arcuate, slender, distinct on both surfaces 3 veins Jaxly
reticulate below ; petiole about 2 lin. long, glabrous ; stipules linear-
lanceolate, acute, somewhat membranous, about 2 lin. long, glabrous,
_ With a distinct midrib and rather hyaline margins ; flowers probably
390 EUPHORBIACE (Hutchinson). = [Phyllanthus.
dicecious ; males fasciculate at the ends of the shoots ; pedicels 1}
lin. long, slightly thickened towards the apex, glabrous ; sepals 4,
obovate, rounded at the apex, 3 lin. long, 3 lin. broad, glabrous ;
dise-glands small, thin, rounded, smooth ; stamens 4; filaments free,
about half the length of the anthers, the latter ellipsoid, } lin. long,
dehiscing at the side ; female flowers apparently subsolitary towards
the base of the young shoots; pedicels 44 lin. long in the fruiting
stage, glabrous ; sepals 4, broadly ovate, obtuse, 1} lin. long, 1 lin.
broad, submembranous, glabrous ; disc annular, small ; young fruits
trilobed, glabrous ; styles connate in their lower half, the free part
abruptly recurved and bilobed to near the base.
Eastern Region: Delagoa Bay ; Lorenzo Marques, 150 ft., Schlechter, 11598 !
11634 !
3. P. verrucosus (Thunb. Prodr. 24); a much-branched shrub,
4-8 ft. high ; branches straight, covered witha grey bark, verrucose
with conspicuous lenticels; lateral twigs increasing in length
towards the base of each main shoot ; flowering branchlets very much
abbreviated, each with a cluster of 3-5 leaves; leaves obovate or
obovate-elliptic, rounded and often slightly retuse at the apex,
obtuse or subcuneate at the base, 2-6 lin. long, 1}~4 lin. broad,
thinly chartaceous, glabrous on both surfaces, often somewhat
glaucous below, distinctly and rather closely reticulate below ;
petiole 3-1 lin. long, glabrous ; stipules small, laciniate, membranous,
puberulous ; flowers moncecious, one female and several males in
each cluster ; male pedicels capillary, up to 3 lin. long, glabrous ;
sepals usually 6, rarely 5 or 4, obovate, about } lin. long, membranous,
glabrous ; dise-glands contiguous, fleshy, spread over the top of the
torus ; stamens usually 6 ; filaments free, inserted between the disc-
glands ; anthers rounded, about } lin. broad ; female pedicels stouter
than those of the male, about } in. long, often becoming recurved,
glabrous or slightly hairy towards the apex ; sepals as in the male
but larger ; dise thick and fleshy, slightly toothed, glabrous ; ovary
smooth ; stigmas large and fleshy, reflexed, bilobed ; capsule pro-
minently reticulate ; seeds smooth. Thunb. Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 500 ;
Drége, Zwei Pl. Documente, 136. Miill. Arg. in Linnzea, xxxii. 5,
and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 333. Pleiostemon verrucosum, Sond. ™m
Linnea, xxiii. 136. Securinega verrucosus, Sim, For. Fl. Cape Col.
325, t. xvi. fig. v.
SourH Arica: without precise locality, Harvey! Ecklon & Zeyher, 293
Krauss.
Coast Reaion: Humansdorp Div.; Gamtoos River, Thunberg! Uitenhage
Div. ; Elands River, Zeyher! near Addo, Zeyher, 857! 3820! Pappe! between
Galgebosch and Melk River, Burchell, 4771! near Uitenhage, Burchell, 4451!
Alexander (Prior)! Penther! Schlechter, 2533! Zuurberg Range, Drége a! Drege,
2375! Bathurst Div. ; Trapps Valley, Daly, 620! Glenfilling, Drege! Albany Div. ;
Blue Krantz, Burchell, 3630! near Grahamstown, MacOwan, 510! Schénland,
597! Howisons Poort, Hutton! Karega River, Ecklon & Zeyher, 9! Fish River
Hill, Burke! Fort Beaufort Div. ; Konap, Baur, 1080! East London Div. ; near
mouth of Kefani River, Galpin, 5806! Komgha Div. ; near Komgha, Flanagan,
404! Gwenkale, River, Flanagan! British Kaffraria; without precise locality,
Cooper, 312! 1904!
Phylianthus.| | EUPHORBIACEA (Hutchinson). 391
4, P. reticulatus (Poir. Encycl. v. 298) ; an erect much-branched
shrub; stems pubescent, at length nearly glabrous; flowering
branchlets sometimes produced in fascicles, but more often solitary,
up to 25 in. long, densely crisped-pubescent ; leaves oblong or
elliptic, mostly rounded at both ends, 3-1} in. long, 33-7 lin. broad,
somewhat membranous, glabrous or crisped-pubescent; lateral
nerves 7-9 on each side; petiole pubescent ; stipules lanceolate,
acute ; flowers monecious, axillary, one female and two or three
males in each fascicle; pedicel slender, up to 2 lin. long, slightly
pubescent or glabrous; male flowers: sepals 5, ovate-elliptic,
I-nerved, about # lin. long ; disc-glands 5, obovate, flattened, smooth ;
stamens 5; two or three of the filaments partially connate,
the others free and shorter ; anthers dehiscing at the side, cells
cohering at their tips, diverging at the base ; female flowers: sepals
as in the male ; disc of separate glands similar to those of the male ;
ovary depressed-globose, glabrous; styles very short, erect, and
crowded ; fruit fleshy or coriaceous, 8—16-seeded, about 3 lin. in
diam., seeds irregularly trigonous, punctulate. Paw in Engl. Pf.
Ost-Afr. OC. 236; Durand & De Wild. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg.
xxxvii. 103; De Wild d& Durand, Relig. Dewevr. 205; De Wild.
Miss. F. Laurent, 127, Btudes Fl. Bas- et Moyen-Congo, i. 275;
ii. 268 ; Gibbs in Journ, Linn. Soe. xxxvii. 469 ; Hutchinson in Dyer,
Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 700. Phyllanthus multiflorus, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv.
581. P. priewrianus, Mill. Arg. in Linnea, xxxii. 12. P. alater-
noides, Reichb. ex Baill. Adansonia, i. 83. P. reticulatus, var.
genuinus, Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 344; Hiern in Cat. Afr.
Pl. Welw. i. 958. Anisonema reticulatum, A. Juss. Euph. t. 4, fig. il.
Kirganelia reticulata, Baill. Etude Gén. Euphorb. 613. K. prieu-
riana, Baill, Adansonia, i. 82. Diasperus reticulatus, O. Kuntze,
Rev. Gen. Pl. ii. 600.
Var. B, glaber (Miill. Arg. in Linnea, xxxii. 12); entirely glabrous, otherwise
similar to the typical plant. Mill, Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 345; Hiern, Le. ;
Hutchinson, l.c. 701. Phyllanthus polyspermus, Schumach. & Thonn. Beskr. Guin.
Pi. 416. Kirganelia prieuriana, var. glabra, Baill. Adansonia, i. 83. K. zanzi-
bariensis, Baill, lc. ii. 48.
Katanari Reaion: Transvaal ; near Barberton, Pole Evans, 2942 ! Burtt-Davy,
8040! between Thabina and Sutherlands Middle Veld, Burtt-Davy, 5443!
Shiluvane, Junod, 654!
Eastern Reaion: Delagoa Bay; Sanderson, 574! near Lorenzo Marques,
Bolus, 9769! 9770! Var. 8: Lorenzo Marques, Bolus, 9771! Junod, 54!
and without precise locality, Forbes, 48 !
Widely spread in the Tropics of the Old World.
5. P. parvulus (Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 132); a small plant
(annual), 2-4 in. high, branched from the base, with a long
tapering taproot; branches slender, minutely puberulous ; leaves
ovate-elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, subacute, rounded at the base,
2-2} lin. long, 14-14 lin. broad, dull and very slightly scaberulous
on both surfaces, with one or two indistinct pairs of lateral nerves ;
petiole 1 lin. long; stipules subulate, very acute, 4 lin. long,
392 EUPHORBIACE (Hutchinson). — | Phyllanthus.
glabrous; flowers monecious, solitary, the males in the upper
part, the females in the lower part of each branchlet; male
flowers: pedicel } lin. long, glabrous; sepals 5, broadly ovate,
obtuse, with a distinct midrib and membranous margin; disc-
glands flat and thin; more or less transversely oblong, smooth ;
stamens 5; filaments free; anthers dehiscing at the side, with the
line of dehiscence continuous between the cells; female flowers:
pedicel } lin. long, rather stout, glabrous ; sepals 5, ovate, obtuse,
2 lin. long, $ lin. broad, with a broad midrib and membranous
margin, glabrous ; disc saucer-shaped, thin, quite entire, glabrous ;
ovary lobed, smooth ; styles short, spreading over the top of the
ovary, shortly bilobed, not swollen at the tips; capsule trilobed,
depressed, 1 lin. in diam., smooth and shining ; seeds finely and
densely pitted on the back. P. tenellus, var. seabrifolius, Mill. Arg.
in Linnea, xxxii.7 ; var. parvulus, Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 339.
Kaxanari Recion : Transvaal; Aapies River, Burke! Zeyher, 1508 }
6. P. humilis (Pax in Engl. Jahrb. x. 34) ; woody, much-branched
from the base ; branches slender, finely puberulous; leaves ovate
or ovate-oblong, acute or subacute, rounded or almost truncate at
the base, 11-4 lin. long, 3-24 lin. broad, thinly coriaceous, finely
puberulous on both surfaces, without visible nervation; petiole
4 lin. long, puberulous; stipules subulate-lanceolate, very acute,
nearly glabrous ; flowers monecious ; males few, solitary, axillary ;
pedicel } lin. Jong, glabrous ; sepals 5, obovate, scarcely } lin. long,
glabrous, membranous ; disc-glands flat, transversely oblong, smooth ;
stamens 5 ; filaments free ; female flowers more numerous than the
males, axillary, solitary ; pedicel scarcely § lin. long, glabrous;
sepals 5, as in the male but larger; dise small, slightly undulately
lobed, glabrous ; ovary smooth; styles short, spreading over the
top of the ovary, bilobed; capsules depressed-globose, 1} lin. in
diam., smooth ; seeds triquetrous, rounded on the back, 3 lin. long,
with about 10 lines of minute dots on the back and also on the
flattened sides.
Kazanarr Recion: Griqualand West; near Griquatown, Orpen! Albania,
Mrs. Barber, 24! Kuruman, Marloth, 1087 ! Transvaal ; Roodepoort, near Warm
Bath, Bolus, 12283! Boshveld, Rehmann, 5337! Pretoria Hills, 4500 ft., Miss
Leendertz, 35! Burtt-Davy, 3970! and without precise locality, Sanderson !
Orange River State ; rocky hills near the Modder River, Mrs. Barber, 7! Bloem-
fontein, Mrs. Potts, 473!
7. P. nummulariefolius (Poir. Encycl. v. 302, partly); a small
slender branched undershrub, up to 14 ft. high ; stems and branches
glabrous; leaves obovate or suborbicular, sometimes subacutely
mucronate, rounded or subacute at the base, 3-9 lin. long, 2-5 lin.
broad, membranous, glabrous on both surfaces, sometimes glaucous
below ; lateral nerves 5-7 on each side, distinct on the lower
surface; veins hardly visible; petiole $3 lin. long, glabrous;
stipules lanceolate, subacute, 1} lin. long, entire, glabrous; flowers
menecious, in axillary fascicles on the young branchlets, females
Phyllanthus.| | EUPHORBIACE# (Hutchinson). 393
often solitary or subsolitary ; pedicels very slender, up to } in.
long, glabrous ; male flowers: sepals 5, broadly obovate, } lin. long,
i lin. broad; disc of 5 obovate truncate fleshy glands alternating
with the sepals; stamens 5, free; anthers rounded, dehiscing at
the side; female flowers: sepals 4-5 (usually 5), ovate-elliptic,
obtuse at both ends, } lin. long, } lin. broad, entire, membranous,
with a conspicuous greenish-yellow midrib; disc saucer-shaped,
entire, glabrous ; ovary globose, glabrous; styles 3, free, slender,
bipartite nearly to the base, spreading or reflexed ; capsule depressed-
globose, 1 lin. in diam., smooth; seeds convex on the back, testa
brown, minutely and closely pitted. . Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 584; Mill.
Arg. in Linnea, xxxii. 8, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 337; Pax in
Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 236; Hutchinson in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i.
710. Menarda nummularifolia, Baill. Etude Gén. Euphorb. 609.
Anisonema multiflorum, Thomson in Speke, Nile Journ. App. 647, not
o ia Diasperus nummularizfolius, O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. ii.
Katanart Recion : Transvaal; Houtbosh, Rehmann, 5920! near Lydenburg,
Wilms, 1312! Schlechter, 3952! Crocodile River, Wilms, 1313! Tzaneen Estate,
Zoutpansberg, Pole Evans, 4018! Mac Mac Creek, Mudd !
Eastern REGIon: Natal; near Durban, Wood, 270! near Pietermaritzburg,
Wilms, 2271!
Occurs also in Eastern Tropical Africa and in Madagascar,
8. P. pentandrus (Schumach. & Thonn. Beskr. Guin. Pl. 419); a
much-branched herb, up to 18 in. high; stem woody, subterete,
glabrous ; flowering branchlets very slender, more or less flexuous,
glabrous or very minutely and sparingly asperulate ; leaves oblong-
lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, subacute, obtuse at the base, up to
? in. long and 1 in. broad, thin, glabrous on both surfaces ; lateral
nerves about 5 on each side, slightly prominent below ; petiole
about } lin. long, glabrous; stipules lanceolate, tapered to a fine
point, } lin. long, glabrous ; flowers monecious, males 2-3 together
in the axils of the lower leaves, females solitary in the upper leaf-
axils; pedicel slender, short, glabrous; male flowers: sepals 5,
ovate or elliptic, subacute, small, broadly l-nerved, margin
membranous, glabrous; disc-glands 5, flat, smooth and thin ;
stamens 5; filaments free ; anthers dehiscing at the side; female
flowers : sepals as in the male; disc flat, entire, glabrous; ovary
lobed, minutely beaded ; styles spreading horizontally, very short,
bifid ; capsule depressed-globose, about 1 lin. in diam., scarcely
lobed ; seeds marked with 5-6 longitudinal lines of dots on the
back, Miill. Arg. in DG. Prodr. xv. ii. 336 (incl. vars.) ; Hiern in
Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 957 ; Pax in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 236; De
Wild. Etudes Fl. Bas- et Moyen-Congo, i. 275; Hutchinson in
Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 710. P. piluliferus, Fenzl in Flora,
1844, 312, name only ; Benth. in Hook. Niger Flora, 510. P. linoides,
ae Hochst. ex. Baill. Adansonia, z 84, name only. A os linifolius, Vahl ex
Baill. 1.c., name only. P. defleaus, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb.
394 EUPHORBIACEA (Hutchinson). = [ Phyllanthus.
Bot. 104. P. dilatatus, Klotzsch, lec. 106. P. scoparius, Welw.
Apont. 591, no. 110. P. tenellus, var., Pax in Baum, Kunene-Samb.
Exped. 282, not of Roab. P. Niruri, N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1909,
139, not of Linn. Menarda linifolia, Baill. L.c., name only.
_Diasperus pentandrus, O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. ii. 600.
KaLaHarRr Recion: Transvaal; Komati, Bolus, 9772! Klippan, Rehmann,
5338! Houtbosh, Rehmann, 5916!
Eastern Recron: Delagoa Bay, Schlechter, 11970! 12156! Scott! Lorenzo
Marques, Mrs, Howard, 58! Chinyandjana, /wnod, 493! and without precise
locality, Junod, 185 !
Widely spread in Tropical Africa,
9. P. Burchelli (Mill. Arg. in Linnea, xxxii. 7); an annual, up
to 64 in. high, branched from the base; stems grooved, glabrous ;
flowering branchlets 14-2 in. long, slender, smooth ; leaves oblong-
lanceolate, very obtuse at both ends, 2-5 lin. long, 1—2 lin. broad,
thin, often more or less glaucous-green on the upper surface when
dry, glabrous, with indistinct lateral nerves ; petiole about } lin. long ;
stipules subulate, acute, } lin. long, glabrous ; flowers moncecious,
axillary, the males in the lower, the females in the upper part of
the branchlets ; male flowers: pedicel 3 lin. long, glabrous ; sepals 5,
suborbicular, + lin. broad, membranous, glabrous ; dise-glands flat,
rounded, very thin, smooth; stamens 5; filaments free; anthers
dehiscing at the side ; female flowers: pedicels 3 lin. long, glabrous ;
sepals 5, broadly ovate, subacute, about }$ lin. long, membranous,
with a broad thicker midrib; disc saucer-shaped, entire, thin,
glabrous ; ovary lobed, smooth; styles 3, spreading horizontally
from the base, bipartite, with linear segments not swollen at the
tips. Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 340. P. garipensis, E. Meyer
in Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 93. P. tenellus, vars. natalensis,
garipensis and exiguus, Miill. Arg. in Linnea, xxxii. 7, and in DC.
Prodr. xv. ii. 338-9.
Coast Reaton: Komgha Div. ; Keimouth, Flanagan, 52! near Kefani River
mouth, Galpin, 5805!
WestERN Recion: Great Namaqualand ; Tiras, Schinz, 890! Little Namaqua-
land ; Orange River, near Verleptpram, Drége ! and without precise locality, Wyley !
Katanart Recion: Griqualand West; Asbestos Mountains, at the Kloof
village, Burchell, 2041! Asbestos Hills, Marloth, 2073 ! Bechuanaland ; Chue Vley,
Burchell, 2383! Transvaal ; Potgeiters Rust, Miss Leendertz, 1272! Boshveld,
Lr ai Rehmann, 5337! near Pretoria, Burtt-Davy, 3970! Barberton, Galpin,
_ Eastern Recion: Transkei: Kentani, Miss Pegler, 1165! Pondoland ; Port
St. John, Galpin, 34361! Natal; Coast land, Sutherland! Durban Botanic
Gardens, Rogers, 873! near Durban, Schlechter, 2793! Wood, 270! Gerrard,
59! 649! Sanderson, 137! by the Umlaas River, Krauss, 336! Berea, Wood,
813 ! near Isipingo, Schlechter, 2988 !
10. P. glaucophyllus (Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 133); stems
numerous, slender, up to 1 ft. long, arising from a woody rhizome,
flattened, glabrous; leaves ovate or ovate-elliptic, mucronate,
rounded or slightly cordate at the base, 3-9 lin. long, 2-5 lin.
Phyllanthus.| EUPHORBIACEA: (Hutchinson). 395
broad, entire, rigidly chartaceous, glabrous and glaucous on both
surfaces ; lateral nerves 5-7 on each side, looped and branched
some distance from the margin, distinct below ; petiole very short,
+ lin. long, glabrous ; stipules ovate or ovate-lanceolate, auriculate
at the base, a little longer than the petiole, membranous, brown,
glabrous ; flowers monecious, the males solitary towards the ends
of the shoots, the females solitary in the lower parts of the shoots ;
male pedicels very slender, nearly 2 lin. long, glabrous; sepals 6,
unequal, oblong, obtuse, entire, } lin. long, } lin. broad; dise-
glands 6, large, flat, orbicular, peltately attached; stamens 3;
filaments quite free ; anthers dehiscing at the side ; female pedicels
about 2 lin. long in fruit; sepals larger than in the male; dise
flat and annular, slightly lobed, glabrous ; ovary 6-lobed, glabrous ;
styles free, bilobed, lobes very slender ; capsule depressed-globose,
3- or obscurely 6-lobed, 13-1} lin. in diam., glabrous. Miill. Arg.
in DC. Prodr, xv. ii. 393. P. glaucophyllus, var. major, Mill. Arg.
in Flora, 1864, 514, and in DC. l.c.; Paw in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr.
C. 236 ; Hutchinson in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 713.
Var. 8, suborbicularis (Hutchinson) ; leaves suborbicular.
Oe Recion: Var. 8: British Kaffraria ; Kaffrarian Mountains, Mrs. Barber,
t
Katanart Recon: Orange River Colony, Cooper, 902; Transvaal ; Magalies-
berg, Zeyher, 1509! Burke! near Pretoria, Scott Elliot, 1407! Rehmann, 4719!
Schlechter, 4789 |
EASTERN REGION: Pondoland; Bachmann, 811! Natal; Drakensberg, at
Ingaganrly, Rehmann, 7020! Inanda, Wood, 466! between Pinetown and
Umbilo, Kehmann, 8070! Notote River, Gerrard & M‘Ken, 16! near Camperdown,
Schlechter, 3283 ! and without precise locality, Sanderson, 447! Cooper, 3143 !
ll. P. maderaspatensis (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 982); a woody
undershrub, very variable in habit; flowering branchlets sharply
angular, almost winged or variously compressed, glabrous or
minutely asperulate; leaves linear-lanceolate or oblanceolate,
variable in size, up to 1} in. long and } in. broad, rather rigidly
membranous or thinly chartaceous, glabrous or slightly asperulate ;
lateral nerves about 7 on each side of the midrib, usually prominent
below ; petiole short, glabrous; stipules lanceolate, acuminate,
and auriculate at the base, nearly 14 lin. long, j lin. broad
at the base, membranous, glabrous ; flowers moncecious, the male
and female often together in the leaf-axils, or ‘more often the
females solitary, much larger than the males; pedicels about 1 lin.
long; male flowers: sepals 6, oblong-lanceolate, 3 lin. long,
membranous, glabrous; dise-glands 6, thin and smooth, flat;
stamens 3; filaments connate; anthers dehiscing longitudinally ;
female flowers : sepals 6, 2-seriate, 3 outer ovate-elliptic or rounded,
slightly apiculate, 1 lin. long, ? lin. broad, coriaceous, glabrous,
3 inner slightly narrower, with narrow membranous margins ; dise
of 6 Separate flat thin glands; ovary lobed ; styles 3, distinct,
Suberect, thick, bifid; capsule depressed-globose, 14 lin. in diam.,
3lobed, smooth ; seeds trigonous, convex on the back, { lin. long
396 EUPHORBIACE% (Hutchinson). — [ Phyllanthus.
and broad, and marked with 9-10 fine lines of dots on the back.
Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 575; Roawb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & J. Roab. iii. 654 ;
Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 180; Wight, Ic. t. 1895, fig. 3; Dalz. & Gibs.
Bomb. Pl. 233; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 311, and Fl. Austral. vi. 103 ;
Mill. Arg. in Linnea, xxxii. 19, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 362 ;
Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 37; Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2,
Bot. ii. 349; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. v. 292; Watt, Dict. Econ.
Prod. India, vi. i. 221; Penzig in Atti Congr. Bot. Genova, 1892,
360; Pax in Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 282, and in Engl. PA.
Ost-Afr. C. 236; Trim. Handb. FI. Ceylon, iv. 20; Schweinf. in Bull.
Herb. Boiss. vii. App. ii. 302 ; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 959 ;
Prain, Bengal Pl. 935; Cooke, Fl. Bombay, ii, 586; S. Moore im
Journ. Linn. Soc. xl. 192; Hutchinson in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. Vi.
722. P. andrachnoides, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 575. P. cuneatus, Willd.
Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. Suppl. 65. P. Thonningii, Schum. & Thonn.
Beskr. Guin, Pl. 418. P. javanicus, Poir. ex Spreng. Syst. Veg. i.
21. P. gracilis, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 654. P. obcordatus, Willd. ex
Roxb. lc. 656. P. longifolius, Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 135, not of
Lam. P. incurvus, Sond. le., not of Thunb. P. heterophyllus,
E. Meyer ea Sond. 1.c., in syn., name only. P. Gueinzii, Mill. Arg.
in Linnea, xxxii. 18, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 363. P. venosus,
Hochst. ea A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 254; Schweinf. Beitr. Fl.
Aethiop. 37. P. arabicus, Hochst. ex Baill. Adansonia, i. 86. P.
vaccinioides, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 105, not of
Sond. Diasperus maderaspatensis, O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. ii. 600.
Coast Recion: Bathurst Div.; Glenfilling, Drége! Albany Div. ; near
Grahamstown, Schlechter, 2680! between Grahamstown and Coldstream, Bolus,
10653! East London Div. ; East London, Rattray, 687! Komgha Div. ; near
Komgha, Flanagan, 659! Kei Hill, Schénland, 1358 ! British Kaffraria ; Krielis
Country, Bowker, 2641! and without precise locality, Cooper, 292! 3139!
CentraL Recion : Somerset East Div.; Little Fish River, Scott Eliot, 536 !
WESTERN Rucion : Great Namaqualand ; Schaf riverbed at Seeheim, Pearson,
3739! plateau west of Gobas Station, Pearson, 3741! Akam River, Pearson, 4766!
Katanart Recion: Griqualand West; various localities, Burchell, 1739!
1786! 2021! Orange River Colony ; Draai Fontein, Rehmann, 3647! Bechuana-
land; Mafeking, Duparquet, 23! Transvaal; near Pietersburg, Schlechter, 4364!
Fourteen Streams, Burtt-Davy, 1586! Springbok Flats, Burtt-Davy, 1195!
Potchefstroom, Burtt-Davy, 1817! 9697! Christiana, Burtt-Davy, 12847! near
Crocodile River, Schlechter, 3915! Houtbosh, Rehmann, 5917! near Lydenburg,
Wilms, 1314! Komati Poort, Schlechter, 11785! Kirk, 71!
Eastern Recion: Transkei Div. ; Kentani, Miss Pegler, 11391 1145 partly!
Tembuland ; near Emgwali River, Bolus, 10280! Pondoland ; Port St. John,
Galpin, 3429! Griqualand East ; near Clydesdale, Tyson, 2862! Natal; near
Durban, Wahlberg! Gerrard, 1177! Gueinzius, 162! Inanda, Wood, 1142! near
Glencoe, Wood, 5177! near Phoenix, Schlechter, 3025! Clairmont, Schlechter,
3052! near Newcastle, Wilms, 2272! and without precise locality, Sutherland !
Gerrard, 374! 1011!
Widely distributed throughout the warmer regions of the Eastern Hemisphere.
12. P. ineurvus: (Thunb. Prodr. 24); a woody undershrub with
whip-like branches arising from a rhizome; branches somewhat
flattened, obtusely angular, often greenish when dry, glabrous;
leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, acute or subacute, }—1} in. long;
Phyllanthus.| | BUPHORBIACE® (Hutchinson). 397
3-3 lin. broad, coriaceous, l-nerved, mostly without visible side
nerves, glabrous ; stipules obliquely ovate-lanceolate, acute, sub-
cordate at the base, up to 1 lin. long, glabrous, reddish ; flowers
usually moneecious, one female and one or two males in each leaf-
axil, rarely dicecious ; male pedicels }-} lin. long, reddish, glabrous ;
sepals 6, obovate, reddish, glabrous, with narrowly membranous
margins ; disc-glands 6, rounded, nearly smooth; stamens 3; fila-
ments connate to the apex ; anthers free from each other, dehiscing
longitudinally ; female flowers: pedicels 1 lin. long or slightly
more in fruit, at length recurved, reddish ; sepals as in the male
but larger and more coriaceous, with prominent hyaline margins
especially in the fruiting stage; disc composed of 6 separate
rounded smooth glands ; ovary smooth ; styles somewhat spreading,
bilobed nearly to the base, free, not swollen at the tips; fruits
depressed, 6-lobed, 15-1? lin. in diam., smooth ; seeds triquetrous,
rounded on the back, marked with numerous longitudinal lines of
dots. Thunb. Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 499; Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr.
xv. il. 362. P. longifolius, Lam. Ill. t. 756, fig. 3; Mill. Arg. Le.
361. P. genistoides, Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 134. P. multicaulis,
Mill. Arg. in Linnea, xxxii. 18, incl. var. parvifolius, Mill. Arg.,
and in DC. Le. 360. P. multicaulis, vars. genuinus and parvi-
folius, Mill. Arg. in DC. Le. 360, 361. Diasperus glaucophyllus, var.
stenophyllus, O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. iii. 285.
Sourn Arrica: without precise locality, Thunberg! Zeyher, 229! Verreaux!
Marloth !
Coast Reaion: Riversdale Div. ; hills near Zoetemelks River, Burchell, 6756!
near Riversdale, Schlechter, 1890! Uitenhage Div. ; Zwartkops River, Drégea!
Zwartkops River and between Krakakamma and Van Stadens River Mountains,
Zeyher, 1506! Ecklon & Zeyher, 32 and 33! Alexander (Prior)! near Enon, Drége !
Addo, Ecklon, 598! Drégec! Elands River, Zeyher! Tzamas, Schlechter, 2524!
and without precise locality, Zeyher, 364! Port Elizabeth Div. ; between Kraka-
kamma and upper part of Maitland River, Burchell, 4579! Port Elizabeth,
Drége, 6! Redhouse, Mrs. Paterson, 319! Bathurst Div. ; between Riet Fontein
and the sea shore, Burchell, 4088 ! Glenfilling, Dréged! Trapps Valley, Miss Daly,
636! 637! Albany Div. ; near Grahamstown, MacOwan, 1429 ! Queenstown Div. ;
mountains near Queenstown, (Galpin, 1668 ! Komgha Div. ; Kei River, Flanagan,
1358! Kei Bridge, Rogers, 4512! British Kattraria, Cooper, 41!
CenTRaL Recion : Somerset Div.; Klein Bruintjes Hoogte, Drégee! Cradock
ra near Mortimer, Miss Kensit! Graaff Reinet Div.; near Graaff Reinet,
us, 476 ! :
Katanart Recon: Griqualand West; Kloof Village, Asbestos Mountains,
Burchell, 2032! 2069! Kuruman, Marloth, 2069! Orange River Colony ; Thaba
Unchu, Zeyher, 1507! Transvaal ; various localities, Burke! Zeyher! Rehmann,
4020! 4831! 5093! 5339! 5396! Miss Leendertz, 297! 725! Galpin, 565!
Bolus, 12282! 12284! Schlechter, 3637! 11774! Junod, 547! 1027!
Easrern Rearon : Natal; near Durban, (weinzius! near Colenso, Wood, 4414!
Penther, 2316! Schlechter, 6891! Biggarsberg, Wood, 4268! Coast, Wert, 441
and without. precise locality, Gerrard, 57! 1177! Delagoa Bay, Schlechter, 12169 !
Occurs also in Tropical Africa and the Mascarene Islands.
13. P. myrtaceus (Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 134); a shrub;
branches flattened pit slightly winged, glabrous ; flowering
_ branchlets flexuous, compressed ; leaves ovate or rarely ovate-
398 EUPHORBIACE#% (Hutchinson). —[ Phyllanthus.
elliptic, obtuse, more or less rounded at the base, 3-1} in. long,
1_1 in. broad, submembranous, glabrous on both surfaces, glaucous
below ; lateral nerves 6—7 on each side, slender, looped ; veins not
distinct ; petiole 3—? lin. long, glabrous; stipules lanceolate,
acuminate, about 1 lin. long, denticulate, glabrous; flowers
dicecious ; males axillary, solitary or in pairs; pedicel filiform,
up to 2 lin. long, glabrous ; sepals 6, in two series, subequal, outer
ovate, inner slightly obovate, obtuse, 1 lin. long, }—} lin. broad,
entire, membranous, glabrous; disc-glands 6, nearly flat and
orbicular, slightly warted above; stamens 3; filaments connate
’ in the lower two-thirds into a slender column ; anthers subglobose,
cells diverging, dehiscing obliquely ; female flowers solitary ; pedicel
3-4 lin. long, glabrous ; sepals 6, in two series, outer ovate-elliptic,
subobtuse, 2 lin. long, 1} lin. broad, inner obovate, rounded at the
apex, 24 lin. long, 1} lin. broad, more distinctly veined than the
outer ; disc thick, undulately lobed, glabrous ; ovary smooth ; styles
spreading, slender, bilobed, lobes terete, not swollen at the tips;
complete capsule not seen ; seeds smooth (Sonder). Miill. Arg. i
DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 397; S. Moore in Journ. Linn. Soc. xl. 192;
Sim, For. Fl. Cape Col. 325; Hutchinson in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr.
vi. 1. 726. P. revolutus, E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente,
153, 211; Sond. Lc. 135, name only. P. Bachmanni, Pax in Engl.
Jahrb. xxiii. 520. Diasperus myrtaceus, O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl.
i 600.
Eastern Recion: Kentani Div.; Cebe Forests, Miss Pegler, 1119 ! Pondoland ;
Umsikaba River, Drége! and without precise locality, Bachmann, 167! Natal ;
near Durban, Gueinzius, 520; coast-land, Sutherland! Inanda, Wood, 1586!
Highlands of Natal and Emyati, Gerrard, 1162! Nototi River, Gerrard, 33!
Amanzimtoti, Miss Franks in Herb. Wood, 11910! Oakford, Umhloti River,
Rehmann, 8533 ! and without precise locality, Gerrard, 379 ! 1924! Drege, 4629!
Oceurs also in South-Eastern Tropical Africa,
14. P. meyerianus (Mill. Arg. in Linnea, xxxii. 42); stems
suberect, evidently from a rhizome, woody, glabrous; lateral
flowering branchlets numerous, solitary or rarely 2—3 together,
slender, spreading, densely leafy, glabrous ; leaves ovate-elliptic or
oblong-lanceolate, rounded at both ends, 14-5 lin. Jong, 1-2 lin.
broad, glabrous, with 3-4 pairs of fairly distinct lateral nerves ;
petiole } lin. long, glabrous; stipules subulate or subulate-filiform,
acute, about 4 lin. long, glabrous ; flowers monecious, usually one
or two females to each branchlet, the remainder males; male
flowers : pedicels ? lin. long, glabrous ; sepals 5, broadly obovate,
rounded at the apex, } lin. long, 2 lin. broad, membranous, glabrous ;
dise-glands 5, rounded, flat, strongly warted ; stamens 3 ; filaments
connate to the apex ; anthers dehiscing at the side ; female flowers :
sepals 5, oblong or oblong-elliptic, rounded at the apex, about # lin.
long and 3 lin. broad, membranous, glabrous; disc slightly lobed
(nearly annular), flat, reddish, glabrous; ovary smooth; styles 5,
spreading from the base, slender, bilobed, not swollen at the tips :
Phyllanthus.| — KUPHORBIACEA: (Hutchinson). 399
capsule depressed-globose, slightly 6-lobed ; seeds almost smooth.
P. Niruri, Drege, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 151, not of Linn. P. Woodii,
Hutchinson in Kew Bulletin, 1914, 336.
_ Eastern Recion: Pondoland ; Egossa, Sim, 2515! Mengana Cutting, between
Umtata and Port St. John’s, Bolus, 10279! Flanagan, 2498 ! between St. Johns
River and Umsikaba River, Drégea! between Umtentu River and Umzimkulu
River, Drége b! Natal; near the Tugela River, Gerrard, 1925! Clairmont, Wood,
1765! near Pinetown, Wood, 5303! Friedenau Farm, near Dumisa Station,
Rudatis, 317! near Maritzburg, Schlechter, 3307 !
In describing this plant as P, Woodii, I have unfortunately added to the
synonymy, on account of a mistaken determination in the Berlin herbarium. A
Specimen loaned by Prof. Engler was named ‘*P. Meyerianus, Mill. Arg.!!” and
for some time I took this to be an authentic representative of that species ; but
the type of P. meyerianus is the ‘‘P. Niruri” of Drdge’s Catalogue, which was
included by me as a synonym under P. Woodii. The Berlin specimen named
P. meyerianus is exactly P. myrtaceus, Sond.
15. P. asperulatus (Hutchinson in Kew Bulletin, 1919, ined.) ; an
annual, 9-12 in. high, branched in the upper third ; stem nude in
the lower part, straw-coloured, minutely and sparingly scabrid-
puberulous ; branchlets leafy, compressed-angular, finely asperulate
on the angles ; leaves oblong-elliptic, rounded at both ends, 4-6
lin. long, 2-4 lin. broad, membranous and_ probably sensitive,
glabrous, glaucous-green when dry ; lateral nerves 5-6 on each side
of the midrib, scarcely visible above, fairly prominent below ; petiole
slender, about } lin. long ; stipules subulate-lanceolate, acute, mem-
branous, 4 lin. long; flowers monecious, the males in the lower
part, the females in the upper part of the branchlets ; male pedicels
extremely short ; sepals 6, obovate, rounded at the apex, } lin. long,
l-nerved, membranous, hyaline, glabrous ; disc-glands 6, flat, rounded,
smooth ; stamens 3 ; filaments very short, connate into a column ;
anthers transverse, and so apparently dehiscing transversely ; female
flowers very shortly pedicellate; sepals 6, subacute, membranous,
greenish, with hyaline margins, glabrous; ovary smooth ; styles
short, spreading from the base, with swollen bifid apices ; capsules
soon dehiscing, not seen entire, with very thin crustaceous walls ;
Seeds triquetrous, rounded on the back, closely and longitudinally
sulcate.
Katanart Recion: Transvaal; Komati Poort, 1000 ft., Dec., Schlechter,
11866 !
16. P. Niruri (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 981); an annual up to 1 ft.
high ; stem closely suleate, smooth; flowering branchlets up to
4 in, long, compressed or slightly winged, smooth ; leaves oblong or
oblong-elliptic, rounded at both ends, 3-6 lin. long, 13-3 lin. broad,
membranous, glabrous on both surfaces ; lateral nerves about 5 on
each side, sometimes nearly invisible ; petiole very short ; stipules
lanceolate-subulate, membranous, glabrous; flowers monecious,
Solitary males in the lower, females in the upper parts of the
branchlets ; female pedicel about ? lin. long when in fruit, glabrous ;
400 EUPHORBIACE& (Hutchinson). = [ Phyllanthus.
male flowers : sepals 6, small, l-nerved, with membranous margins ;
dise-glands 6, small ; stamens 3 ; filaments connate ; female flowers :
sepals 6, larger than in the male; disc thin and flat, about 10-
toothed ; ovary subglobose, smooth; styles very short, suberect,
bifid ; capsule depressed-globose, more or less trilobed, about 14 lin.
in diam.; seeds with about 6 longitudinal lines on the back.
Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 583 ; Miill. Arg. in Linnea, xxxii. 43, and in DC.
Prodr. xv. ii. 406; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & J. Roxb. iii. 659 ;
Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. v. 298; Pax in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 236, in
Bolet. Soe. Brot. x. 157, and in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvii. 103 ;
Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 37; Trim. Handb. Fl. Ceylon, iv. 23;
Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 960; De Wild. & Durand, Contr.
Fl. Congo, i. 48, and Relig. Dewevr. 204 ; De Wild. Miss. E. Laurent,
127, and Etudes Fl. Bas- et Moyen-Congo, ii. 266; Rendle in Journ.
Linn. Soc. xxxvii. 210; Gibbs, lc. 469; Beille in Bull. Soc. Bot.
France, lv. Mém. viii. 57, partly ; Hutchinson in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr.
vi. i. 731. Urinaria indica, Burm. Thes. Zeyl. t. 93, fig. 2. Nym-
phanthus Niruri, Lour. Fl. Coch. 545. Diasperus Niruri, O. Kuntze,
Rev, Gen, Pl. ii, 600.—Kirganeli, Rheede, Hort. Malab. x. t. 15.
Kananari ReGion: Orange River Colony ; Drackensberg Range, near Harri-
smith, Cooper, 1019! ;
A common weed in most tropical countries.
17. P. delagoensis (Hutchinson in Kew Bulletin, 1919, ined.) ;
stems probably arising from a woody rhizome, branched from the
base, suleate, glabrous ; branchlets fairly leafy ; leaves broadly elliptie
or oblong-elliptic, obtuse at both ends, 11-2 lin. long, }—1} lin.
broad, subcoriaceous, glabrous; stipules subulate, membranous ;
flowers moneecious, the males in the lower part, the females in the
upper part of the branchlets; male pedicels short and slender ;
sepals 6, unequal, lanceolate, subacute, up to } lin. long, glabrous ;
dise-glands very small and rounded, smooth ; stamens 3 ; filaments
connate into a very short column; anthers large and dehiscing
transversely and having the appearance of being 4-celled ; female
flowers with a pedicel 4} lin. long; sepals 6, as in the male but
somewhat larger and more equal; disc saucer-shaped, slightly
undulate, fleshy, glabrous; stigmas subentire and almost sessile
on the ovary ; fruits and seeds not seen.
Eastern Recion: Delagoa Bay ; Lorenzo Marques, Schlechter, 11663 !
18. P. heterophyllus (E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente,
211); a small spreading much-branched undershrub; branches
rather sharply angular, glabrous ; leaves orbicular or very broadly
elliptic, subobtusely mucronate, 11-4 lin. long, 14-24 lin. broad,
rigidly coriaceous, glabrous and dull on both surfaces; lateral
nerves not visible; petiole about } lin. long; stipules subulate-
lanceolate, very acute, }—3 lin. long, glabrous; flowers moneecious,
solitary or geminate; male pedicel ? lin. long, glabrous ; sepals 6,
Phyllanthus.| | EUPHORBIACE (Hutchinson). 401
lanceolate, subobtuse, glabrous; disc-glands 6, small, rounded,
smooth; stamens 3; filaments connate to the apex; anthers
dehiscing obliquely ; female flowers shortly pedicellate; sepals 6,
oblong-lanceolate, subacute, about 1 lin. long, glabrous, becoming .
reflexed in fruit; dise fleshy, undulate, glabrous; ovary smooth ;
styles slightly spreading, a little swollen and sometimes bifid at the
apex ; capsule 3-lobed, about 14 lin. in diam. ; seeds almost smooth
on the back. Mill. Arg. in Linnea, xxxii. 43, and in DO. Prodr. xv.
ii. 405. P. incurvus, Sond. in Linnea, xxiii, 135, excl. syn. P.
heterophyllus, E. Meyer; Baill. in Adansonia, iii. 165, not of Thunb.
P. capensis, Spreng. ex Sond. lc. (in syn.), name only. P. andrachni-
formis, Pax in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2 sér. viii. 634.
Soutn Arrica: without precise locality, Thunberg! Verreaux!
Coast ReGion: Mossel Bay Div. ; Mossel Bay, Gulline in Herb. Guthrie, 4373!
Uitenhage Div. ; near the Zwartkops River, Eeklon & Zeyher, 599! Zeyher, 20!
3821! near Uitenhage, Schlechter, 2503! Port Elizabeth Div. ; Port Elizabeth, no
collector’s name, in Herb. Stockholm, 30! Bathurst Div. ; near Barville Park,
Burchell, 4101 ! Albany Div. ; Round Hill, Bolus, 10654! Bothas Berg, MacOwan,
1430! Div. ? Drége, 8222a! : E
Eastern Recion: Natal; near Durban, Schlechter, 2986! Dumisa, Rudatis,
778! Umgeni, Rehmann, 8811! near Clairmont, Schlechter, 3052!
19. P. cinereoviridis (Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xliii. 76) ; a shrub ;
branches whitish, terete, smooth, slightly sulcate ; ultimate flowering
branchlets rather densely pubescent or almost tomentose, much
abbreviated, about 1 lin. long; leaves greyish-green, orbicular or
Ovate-orbicular, rounded at both ends or sometimes slightly
emarginate at the apex, 24-5 lin. long, 2-4} lin. broad, rather
rigidly chartaceous, minutely pitted and shortly pubescent on both
surfaces, trinerved from the base, the middle nerve with 2-3 lateral
ones, all slightly raised on both surfaces; petiole 1-2 lin. long,
sparingly crisped-pubescent; stipules ovate, thick and fleshy,
tomentose ; flowers dicecious ; male inflorescence axillary, peduncu-
late, with about 6 sessile flowers in a cluster at the apex of each
peduncle; bracts ovate, tomentose; peduncle about 1 lin. long,
tomentose ; sepals 4, in two series, small, suborbicular, glabrous
inside, tomentose outside; disc small, saucer-shaped, entire or
slightly undulately lobed, glabrous ; stamens 2; filaments connate,
very short; anthers large and fleshy, dehiscing at the side and
‘pparently transversely owing to the position of the anthers ;
female flowers not known.
Western Region: Great Namaqualand; Gubub, Dinter, 893!
Tnperfectly known species.
20. P. minus, Linn. ex Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 135, name only.
Eastern Recion : Natal; Port Natal, Gucinzius.
FL. C.—VOL. V.—SECT. Il. 20
402 EUPHORBIACE& (Hutchinson). | Fluggec.
XIII. FLUGGEA, Willd.
Flowers diccious. Petals absent. Male flowers: Sepals 5, imbri-
eate. Stamens 5, alternating with the disc-glands ; filaments free ;
anthers introrse, erect, cells distinct, dehiscing longitudinally.
Rudimentary ovary large, deeply 2—3-partite. Female flowers:
Calyz as in the male. Disc flat, annular, entire or nearly so.
Ovary 3-celled; styles connate at the base or nearly absent,
recurved or spreading, bifid; ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit slightly
fleshy ; pericarp thin. Seeds subtriquetrous, rounded on the back ;
testa thick and crustaceous; albumen scanty; embryo incurved
with broad and flat cotyledons.
Shrubs or trees ; leaves alternate, petiolate, entire ; flowers small, in axillary
fascicles, male often numerous, female few or solitary.
**Disrrip. About 10, in the tropics generally.
1. F. microcarpa (Blume, Bijdr. 580); a shrub or small tree,
about 12 ft. high; branches and branchlets usually angular,
glabrous; leaves elliptic or obovate, obtusely pointed or the
smaller emarginate, cuneate, subacute or obtuse at the base, up
to 2} in. long and 1} in. broad, rather rigidly membranous,
glabrous on both surfaces, often glaucous below ; lateral nerves
5-9 on each side, slightly prominent on the lower surface ; veins
fine and close ; petiole 14—3 lin. long, glabrous ; stipules lanceolate,
margin slightly jagged ; flowers diecious; male flowers numerous,
in axillary fascicles; pedicel slender, 14-2 lin. long, glabrous ;
sepals 5, unequal, the larger obovate, 1 lin. long and 2 lin. broad,
the smaller oblong, } lin. long, } lin. broad, margins membranous
and jagged or ciliate, otherwise glabrous ; disc-glands usually large
and fleshy, somewhat angular, with 3 or 4 depressions or pits on
the outside, glabrous; stamens 5; filaments longer than the
rudimentary ovary; anthers 4 lin. long; rudimentary ovary
tripartite; segments free for about two-thirds of their length,
terete, reflexed and often thickened in the upper part, a small
second lobe often developed at the bend, glabrous ; female flowers
numerous; calyx as in the male; disc annular, glabrous; ovary
ovoid, glabrous ; styles connate at the base, or rarely nearly absent,
bilobed, lobes spreading, flattened or subterete; fruits white,
depressed-globose, about 2 lin. in diam. ; styles persistent ;
ining, with several longitudinal lines of pits on the back and
sides. Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. v. 328; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw.
i. 961; S. Moore in Journ. Linn. Soc. x1. 193; Hutchinson in Dyer,
Fl. Trop. Afr. vi.i. 736. F. virosa, Baill. Etude Gén. Euphorb. 59%.
F. abyssinica, Baill. le. F. angulata, Baill. Adansonia, i. 80.
F, obovata, Baill. le. ii. 41; Pax in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 235,
i
i
}
'
&
f
Fluggea.| EUPHORBIACE (Hutchinson), 403
and in Engl. Jahrb, xxviii. 418; xxx. 338; Schweinf. in Bull. Herb.
Boiss. vii. App. ii. 299; De Wild. & Durand, Contrib. Fl. Congo,
i. 48, and Relig. Dewevr. 205; De Wild. Etudes Fl. Katanga, 79 ;
Th. & Hél. Durand, Syll. Fl. Congol. 483. F. obovata, var. luxurians,
Beille in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, lv. Mém. viii. 55. F. senensis,
. Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 106. Phyllanthus virosus,
Roxb. ex Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 578. P. lucidus, Hort. ex Willd. Enum.
Pl. Hort. Bot. Berol. 329. P. angulatus, Schum. & Thonn. Beskr.
Guin. Pl. 415. P. dioicus, Schum. & Thonn. lc. 416. P. polygamus,
Hochst. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 256. Xylophylla obovata,
Willd. Enum. Pl. Hort. Bot. Berol. 329. Securinega abyssinica,
A, Rich. l.c.; Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 38. S. obovata, Miill.
Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 449; Benth. Fl. Austral. vi. 115.
Acidoton obovatus, O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. ii. 592.
SourTH AFRica : without precise locality, Lalande in Herb. Paris !
Katanart Recion: Transvaal ; , Barberton, Galpin, 686! Komati Poort
Schlechter, 11796! 11797! Potgieters Rust, Miss Leendertz, 1244! Swaziland,
ore May, 1062! Bremmerdorp, ridge above M’Kathalaage Spruit, Burtt-Davy,
Ag.-t
Eastern Recion : Natal ; near Durban, Gerrard, 2153! Zululand ; Ginginhlovu,
Haygarth in Herb. Wood, 12578 !
Occurs also in India, and widely spread in Tropical Africa.
XIV. DRYPETES, Vahl.
Flowers diwcious. Petals absent. Male flowers: Buds mostly
globose. Sepals 4 or 5, broad, imbricate, usually coriaceous.
Stamens 3— ~, inserted around the base of a central flat concave or
rarely cupular disc ; filaments free ; anthers erect, often large, cells
parallel and dehiscing longitudinally. Rudimentary ovary not
present or rarely represented by a small conical production in the
middle of the disc. Female flowers: Calyx as in the male. Dise
hypogynous, annular or cupular. Ovary 1—4-celled ; styles short or
absent ; stigmas thick, flattened, bifid or undivided and more or less
reniform ; ovules 2 in each cell. Fruits globose, ellipsoid or ovoid,
indehiscent ; pericarp thick, woody, 1—4-celled. Seeds solitary by
“need albumen fleshy ; embryo straight; cotyledons flat and
road.
Trees or shrubs ; leaves alternate, coriaceous or chartaceous, entire or toothed ;
stipules caducous, rarely persistent ; male and female flowers fasciculate in the
axils of the leaves, or produced on the older branches or the stem, usually
pedicellate.
Distris, Species over 70, chiefly in the Old-World Tropics, a few in the West
Indies and Binsth Aneries. The ete for uniting Drypetes, Vahl (1807) with
Cyclostemon, Blume (1825) have been fully discussed by the writer in Dyer’s
Flora of Trop. Afr. vi. i. 674. - é
lis § Maat
-_
404 EUPHORBIACE4 (Hutchinson). | Drypetes.
Flowers produced in dense clusters on the older branches
which are devoid of leaves or on the trunk ; stamens
20-25... bas : =o ... (1) natalensis.
Flowers produced in the axils of the leaves on the young
shoots ; stamens 4-15 »
Male and female flowers with pedicels 4-} in. long ;
male sepals 5 ; stamens 15... Rea oe .-. (2) arguta.
Male flowers sessile or with a pedicel 1-14 lin. long ;
female flowers in the fruiting stage with a
pedicel up to 4 lin. long; male sepals and
stamens4_... s34 ees ae ae ... (3) Gerrardii.
1. D. natalensis (Hutchinson); a shrub or small tree; young
branchlets thinly pubescent or nearly glabrous ; leaves elliptic or
oblong-elliptic, acute, rounded and very slightly unequal-sided at
the base, 3-6 in. long, 1-2} in. broad, very coarsely and sharply
dentate or sometimes nearly entire or only slightly denticulate,
thinly and rather rigidly coriaceous, glabrous and glossy on both
surfaces ; lateral nerves 6—8 on each side, looped and branched far
from the margin, prominent on both surfaces; veins lax ; petiole
3-4 lin. long, slightly pubescent and wrinkled; flowers ot both
sexes fasciculate, springing from the older branches or the trunk ;
male flowers crowded ; pedicels about 3 lin. long, pubescent ; sepals
broadly imbricate, rounded, about } in. long, almost membranous,
puberulous outside; stamens 20-25, inserted around a_ fleshy
glabrous lobed disc ; anthers 1? lin. long; female flowers : pedicel
} in. long, puberulous ; sepals as in the male; disc fleshy, much
crenulated, glabrous ; ovary tomentose, 3-celled ; styles 3, spreading,
fleshy, spathulate. Cyclostemon natalense, Harv. Thes. Cap. ii. 64,
ee ; Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 483; Sim, For. Fl. Cape
‘ol. 315.
Eastern Region: Natal; near Durban, Sanderson, 105! Gerrard, 13! 62!
724! 862! Wood, 116! 1426! 1756! .
Harvey states on the authority of Sanderson that the flowers are yellow and
very fetid and offensive. M‘Ken states on his label that ‘‘ the fruits occur on the
thick stems down to the roots.”
2. D. arguta (Hutchinson); branchlets slender, grooved or
angular, pubescent, at length becoming nearly glabrous; leaves
oblong-lanceolate or rarely ovate-lanceolate, long and acutely more
or less gradually acuminate, rounded, subcordate and_ slightly
unequal-sided at the base, 2-34 in. long, 3-14 in. broad, sharply
dentate, chartaceous, glabrous on both surfaces, slightly shining ;
lateral nerves 7-11 on each side, looped and much branched some
distance from the margin, like the tertiary nerves prominent on
both surfaces; petiole 1-14 lin. long, shortly pubescent ; stipules
lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute, about 4 in. long, scarious,
slightly ciliate, otherwise glabrous ; flowers axillary on the young
shoots, solitary or the males sometimes in pairs; male flowers:
pedicel 1—} in. long, shortly pubescent ; sepals 5, broadly ovate,
Drypetes. | EUPHORBIACEA: (Hutchinson), 405
2 aeRO NIT
obtuse, up to 1} lin. long and broad, unequal, coriaceous, puberulous
on both surfaces, shortly and rather densely ciliate ; stamens 15,
inserted around the disc; filaments 14 lin. long, glabrous ; anthers
§ lin. long; dise undulately lobed, rather thin, lobes projecting
between the filaments, pubescent; female flowers: pedicel about
4} in. long, shortly pubescent ; sepals similar to those of the male
but larger ; disc fleshy, densely rusty-tomentose ; ovary 2-celled,
densely rusty-hirsute ; styles 2, spreading, puberulous, split down
the inner face and with two broad spreading fleshy lobes ; fruits
2-celled, ellipsoid, about 3 in. long, brown, tomentulose ; seeds
6 lin. long, longitudinally striate. Cyclostemon argutus, Mill. Arg.
in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 485.
Eastern Recton: Pondoland; St. Johns, Flanagan, 2518! Natal; near
Durban, Gueinzius, 88! Westville, Wood! Inanda, Wood, 631! 632! 1125!
Tongaat, Gerrard, 19! Cooper, 3479! Tugela, Gerrard, 1630! Delagoa Bay ;
Lorenzo Marques, Schlechter, 11638 !
3. D, Gerrardii (Hutchinson) ; branches shortly pubescent, at
length nearly glabrous; flowering branchlets subterete, yellowish-
tomentose; leaves lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, gradually
acuminate to an obtuse apex, slightly rounded or subcuneate
and unequal sided at the base, 14-34 in. long, 3-14 in. broad,
thinly coriaceous or chartaceous, remotely crenate or subentire,
rather densely pubescent on both sides of the midrib especially
in the lower half, otherwise glabrous, shining on the upper
surface, dull or slightly shining below ; lateral nerves 6-8 on each
side, spreading and freely anastomosing, distinct on both surfaces ;
veins prominent on both sides, especially below, rather close ;
petiole 2-3 lin. long, yellowish-tomentose ; stipules deciduous ;
flowers dicecious, male axillary, several in each fascicle, female
axillary and solitary, pedicels of each about 1 lin. !ong, yellowish-
pubescent or tomentose ; male flower: sepals 4, obovate spathu-
late, 1 lin. long, shortly pubescent outside, densely ciliate towards
the rounded apex ; stamens 4; filaments nearly 1 lin. long,
glabrous; anthers rounded, 3 lin. long, glabrous; disc fleshy,
cupular, rather long, irregularly lobed, glabrous, with a small pro-
tuberance in the middle; young female flowers not seen; disc
annular ; fruits scarcely lobed, obovoid-globose, about 4 lin. long,
yellowish-tomentose. Cyclostemon argutus, Sim, For. Fl. Cape Col.
314, t. exliii. fig. ii.; not of Mill. Arg.
Eastern Region: Pondoland; Umbhlagela, Bachmann, 804! Intsubane,
Bachmann, 796! Exgossa, Sim, 2420! Natal; Tugela, Gerrard, 1629!
XV. ANTIDESMA, Linn.
Flowers dicecious. Petals absent. Male flowers: Calyx deeply
3—5-lobed or partite; lobes or segments imbricate. Dise subentire
406 EUPHORBIACE& (Hutchinson). | Antidesmu.
or consisting of distinct glands alternating with the stamens.
Stamens 2-5, opposite the calyx-lobes; anthers inflexed in bud, erect
in the open flower; cells distinct at the apex of a thickened
and often curved connective. Rudimentary ovary small. Female
flowers: Calyx as in the male. Disc often shortly embracing the
base of the ovary. Ovary 1- (very rarely 2-) celled ; styles 3, very
short, usually 2-lobed; ovules 2 in the cell. Drupes small, often
oblique. Seed solitary by abortion (very rarely 2), without a
strophiole ; albumen fleshy ; cotyledons flat, broad.
Trees or shrubs ; leaves alternate ; flowers small, racemose or spicate ; racemes
or spikes often very slender, solitary or more rarely subpaniculate towards the
ends of short branchlets ; bracts small, usually ciliate.
Distris. About 80 species, distributed throughout the warmer regions of the
Old World.
1, A. venosum (Tul. in Ann. Sci. Nat. 3me sér. xv. 232); a
shrub or tree about 30 ft. high ; leaves usually more or less elliptic
or oblanceolate, somewhat rounded or subacute at the base and
apex, sometimes slightly emarginate, up to 6 in. long and 2} in.
broad, thinly coriaceous or almost membranous, glabrous or pube-
scent above, varying from thinly pubescent to tomentose below ;
lateral nerves usually 7 on each side, more or less distinctly looped,
slightly impressed above, prominent below; petiole up to 3 lin.
long, pubescent ; stipules lanceolate, entire, acute, mostly more or
less tomentose; male spikes up to 6 in. long, tomentose or pube-
scent ; bracts very small ; calyx 3—5-partite, more or less pubescent
or tomentose ; disc subglabrous ; stamens 3-5 ; rudimentary ovary
pilose or subglabrous ; female racemes 2-5 in. long; bracts as in
the male ; fruits pedicellate, ellipsoid, slightly flattened, glabrous,
about 4 lin. long and 24 lin. broad. Harv. Thes. Cap. ii. 45; Mull.
Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii, 260; Pax in Engl. PA. Ost-Afr. C. O31;
and in Baum, Kunene-Samb. Exped. 282 ; Durand & Schinz, Etudes
Fl. Congc, 243 ; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 965; De Wild. &
Durand, Lontr. Fl. Congo, i. 49, and Relig. Dewevr. 206 ; De Wild.
Etudes Fl. Katanga, 79, and Miss. B. Laurent, 128; Th. & Hél.
Durand, Syll. Fi. Congol. 484 ; Sim, For. Fl. Cape Col. 313, t. exiii.
Jig. iv.; Hutchinson in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 646. A. venosum,
var. thouarsianum, Tul. le. 234. A. bifrons, Tul. Le. 229. A.
rufescens, Tul. lc. 231. A. boivinianum, Baill. Adansonia, ii. 45-
A, natalensis, Harv. Thes. Cap. ii 45, t. 169, by error, A. mem-
branaceum, var. molle, Mill. Arg. l.c. 261; Hiern, l.c.; Rendle in
Journ. Linn. Soe. xxxvii. 211; 8. Moore in Journ. Linn. Soc. x1.
194. A. nervosum, De Wild. Etudes Fl. Bas- et Moyen-Congo, ii. 270.
A. venosum, forma glabrescens, De Wild. Etudes Fl. Katanga, 79-
A. fusco-cinerea, Beille in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, lv. Mém. viii. 64
A, Sassandre, Beille, I.c. vi. Mem. viii. 123.
Kaanart Recon: Transvaal ; Avoca, near Barberton, Galpin, 1249! between
Louws Creek and Adamanda Mine, Barberton district, Burtt-Davy, 2812!
Antidesma. | EUPHORBIACE® (Hutchinson). 407
Tzaneen Estate, Zoutpansberg, Burtt-Davy, 5265! Komati Poort, Schlechter,
11840! between Spitz Kop and Komati River, Wilms, 206!
Eastern ReEcion: Natal; Berea, near Durban, Wood, 208! 769! 9130!
Drége! Gueinzius! M‘Ken, 296! Plant, 25! near Umlaas River, Krauss, 138 !
Inanda, Wood, 392! 1068! Dumisa, Rudatis, 525! 601! and without precise
locality, Gerrard, 279! Cooper, 1230! :
Very common in Tropical Africa.
XVI. PSEUDOLACHNOSTYLIS, Pax.
Flowers dicecious. Petals absent. Male flower: Sepals 5, imbri-
cate. Disc annular, glabrous, Stamens 5; filaments connate
into a column for about half their length ; anther-cells parallel,
slightly unequal, introrse, dehiscing longitudinally. Rudimentary
ovary in the middle of the staminal column often divided. Female
Hower: Calyx as in male. Disc annular, closely embracing the base
of the ovary, often irregularly toothed. Ovary 3-celled; styles 3,
diverging, very slightly connate at the base, bilobed; ovules 2 in
each cell. Capsule globose or depressed-globose, entire, tardily
septicidal ; endocarp thick and bony. Seeds solitary in each cell,
ellipsoid, strophiolate ; albumen fleshy ; cotyledons flat and broad.
Trees or shrubs ; leaves alternate, petiolate, simple ; male flowers in axillary
few-flowered pedunculate cymes surrounded by membranous bracts; female
flowers axillary, solitary or subsolitary.
Disrrrp. Species 4, occurring in Southern Tropical Africa, the following
extending northwards to Lake Victoria.
1. P. maprounesefolia (Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 20); a shrub
or small tree; branchlets terete, tomentose when young, becoming
glabrous; leaves ovate or ovate-elliptic, rounded or very slightly
and obtusely pointed at the apex, rounded or slightly cuneate at
the base, 14-3 in. long, 1-1} in. broad, slightly coriaceous, glabrous
on both surfaces except on the lower half of the midrib which is
sometimes pubescent below ; lateral nerves 6—7 on each side, looped,
slightly prominent on the lower surface ; petiole 3-5 lin. long,
slightly wrinkled, brownish-pubescent ; stipules deciduous; male
flowers in axillary pedunculate cymes ; peduncle 2-3 lin. long, more
or less densely pubescent; flowers clustered, subsessile ; bracts
ovate or oblong, pubescent ; sepals 5, ovate, obtuse, 1} lin. long,
1} lin. broad, pubescent outside, glabrous within; dise annular,
shghtly wrinkled ; stamens 5; filaments connate in the lower part ;
anthers 1 lin. long, glabrous; rudimentary ovary very small:
female flowers solitary; peduncle up to 3 lin. long, pubescent ;
sepals oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, 24 lin. long, 1} lin. broad, distinctly
5-6-nerved on the outside, pubescent; disc cupular, toothed,
glabrous; ovary densely brown-villous; styles 3, connate at the
base, lobed, glabrous, lobes rather thick ; fruit globose, } in. in
408 EUPHORBIACEA (Hutchinson). . [Psewdolachnostylis.
diam. ; pericarp about } lin. thick, coarsely wrinkled when dry,
yellow-drab ; endocarp bony and very hard, yellow, nearly 4 lin.
thick ; seeds ellipsoid, shining, with a yellowish strophiole at the
base, longitudinally striate, 34 lin. long, 2} lin. broad. Hutchinson
in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 672, and in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 3011.
Eastern Recion: Transvaal; Warm Baths, Burtt-Davy, 2151! between
Thabina and Izaneen, on slope of a Kopje near Groot Letaba, Burtt-Davy, 5286!
near Izaneen Estate, Burtt-Davy, 5560!
Occurs also in Tropical Africa.
XVII. TOXICODENDRUM, Thunb.
Flowers dicecious. Petals and dise absent. Male flowers: Sepals
5-6, short, irregularly imbricate. Stamens indefinite ; filaments
very short, densely inserted on a broad receptacle ; anthers large,
erect, dehiscing longitudinally. Rudimentary ovary absent. Female
flowers: Sepals 6, in two series, the outer smaller. Ovary hairy,
3—4-celled ; styles 3-5, connate in the lower half, the free parts
thick and wrinkled (densely papillose). Capsule depressed-globose,
hard, dehiscing into 2-valved cocci. Seeds with a shining crustaceous
testa ; albumen fleshy ; embryo straight, with broad flat cotyledons.
A small tree or shrub; leaves in whorls of 4, lanceolate, entire, rigidly
coriaceous, penninerved ; flowers axillary, males in dense pedunculate or subsessile
cymules, females sessile, 1-3 between each leaf-axil.
Distris. Monotypic, endemic.
Toxicodendron acutifolium, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii. 214, is Xymalos
monospora, Baill. (cf. C. H. Wright in Dyer, Fl. Cap. v. i. 493).
1. T. capense (Thunb. in Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1796,
188, t. 7); a shrub or small tree with corky branches ; branchlets
grooved or angular when dry, finely puberulous, soon becoming
glabrous ; leaves in whorls of 4, lanceolate, rounded and sometimes
emarginate at the apex, gradually narrowed to the base, 24-4 in.
long, }~-1} in. broad, very rigidly coriaceous, entire, at first slightly
puberulous on both surfaces, soon becoming glabrous ; lateral
nerves 8-10 on each side, rather faint ; petiole 1} in. long, rather
stout and finely puberulous; male inflorescence axillary, densely
cymulose, shortly pedunculate or subsessile, about one-sixth the
length of the leaves ; peduncle up to 3 lin. long, rather densely and
shortly pubescent ; pedicels about 1 lin. long, shortly pubescent ;
sepals 5, rounded, much shorter than the stamens, somewhat
tomentulose outside; stamens numerous, inserted on a broad
receptacle; filaments very short; anthers large, erect ; female
flowers sessile, 1-3 between each leaf-axil; sepals 6 in two series,
the outer smaller, all suborbicular and tomentulose; ovary ovoid,
— Loxicodendrum.| EUPHORBIACE® (Hutchinson). 409
tomentulose ; styles 3 to 5, connate in the lower half, free portions
thick and densely papillose; capsule usually 4-celled, depressed-
globose, 8-lobed, about } in. long, scarcely 1 in. in diam. ; exocarp
crustaceous ; endocarp bony, about 4 lin. thick ; seeds black and
shining, 5 lin. long. Pax in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 5, 32,
t. 20, figs. D.-F. ; Sim, For. Fl. Cape Col. 326. Jatropha globosa,
Geertn. Fruct. ii. 122, t. 109, fig. 3. Hyzenanche globosa, Lamb.
Deser. Cinch. 1797, 52, t. 10; A. Juss. Tent. Euphorb. 41; Harv.
Gen. S. Afr. Pl. ed. i. 303; ed. ii. 341; Baill. Btud. Gén. Euphorb.
567, ¢. 23, figs. 29-39; Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 480.—
Croton foliis crassis, venosis, etc., Burm. Rar. Pl. Afr. 122, t. 45.
Coast Recion: Vanrhynsdorp Div. ; Gift Berg, Thunberg, Drége g and ?!
Zeyher, 1527! Fryer in MacOwan, Herb. Austr.-Afr., 1529! Wind Hoek,
Schlechter, 8072! Clanwilliam Div. ; on the mountains, Scott Elliot! near Clan-
william, Prior!
Harvey states that the pounded capsules (nuts) are used to poison the carcases
of lambs whose bodies are used as bait in destroying hyenas, hence the generic
name Hyxnanche applied by Lambert.
The Gift (poison) Berg is so called on account of the prevalence of this shrub
upon it. According to Dr. E. P. Phillips, ‘‘It is stated that animals drinking
water which has collected beneath these bushes and into which some leaves have
fallen die from the effects.”
XVIII. HYMENOCARDIA, Wall.
Flowers dicecious, apetalous. Disc 0. Male flowers: Calya-
segments or lobes 4—5, rarely 6, imbricate. Stamens usually 5,
opposite the calyx-segments ; filaments rarely exceeding the calyx,
connate at the base into a very short column or free ; anthers large,
at first reflexed, usually adorned with a conspicuous yellow or
golden-coloured gland on the back, cells distinct, parallel, dehiscing
longitudinally. Rudimentary ovary as long as the filaments, bifid
or entire. Female flowers: Sepals distinct, narrow, caducous.
Ovary 2-celled, compressed in the opposite plane to that of the
Septum ; styles 2, free from the base, long, subterete or flattened in
the same plane as the ovary, undivided, papillose or glabrous ;
ovules 2 in each cell. Capsule fiat, of 2 compressed very broadly
winged cocci, separating from a central axis ; pericarp crustaceous,
reticulate ; endocarp membranous. Seeds usually solitary in each
coccus, compressed ; testa thin; albumen not copious ; cotyledons
thin, broad and flat ; radicle long.
Trees or tall shrubs ; leaves alternate, petiolate, membranous or coriaceous,
entire, penninerved; male inflorescence a catkin-like spike, female shortly
a
Disrrim, Species 8, one in India, the remainder Tropical African.
410 EUPHORBIACE& (Hutchinson). [Hymenocardia.
1. H. ulmoides (Oliv. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1131); a shrub or tree
with the habit of Ulmus; branchlets slender, glabrous or very
sparingly hairy when young ; leaves ovate, ovate-elliptic or lanceo-
late, obtusely acuminate, rounded or subacute at the base, about
1} in. long, 6-8 lin. broad, rather thinly coriaceous, glabrous on
both surfaces; lateral nerves 3-6 on each side, inconspicuous ;
petiole slender, 2—4 lin. long, sparingly pubescent ; stipules soon
falling off; male spikes racemosely arranged on short lateral
branchlets crowded towards the ends of the branches, about 4 in.
long; axis very slender, puberulous; bracts broadly spathulate,
ciliate ; calyx deeply 5-lobed; lobes rounded, densely ciliate ;
anthers with a small gold-coloured gland on the back ; rudimentary
ovary equalling the filaments, entire, glabrous; female racemes
axillary ; bracts oblong, pubescent ; calyx-lobes 5, linear, subequal,
membranous, about 1} lin. long; ovary oblong, compressed, emar-
ginate, glabrous, with a few scattered yellow glands ; styles distinct,
linear, flattened, glabrous, about 2 lin. long ; fruits broadly obovate
or suborbicular, apex emarginate, base rounded or acute, wings
joined at the base and decurrent on the stipe, $-} in. in diam.,
glabrous, membranous ; pedicels 2-3 lin. long, glabrous ; stipe 1-2
lin. long. Pax in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 236, and in De Wild. &t
Durand, Contr. Fl. Congo, i. 49; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. 1.
966; De Wild. & Durand, Relig. Dewevr. 207 ; De Wild. Miss. B.
Laurent, 127, and Etudes Fl. Bas- et Moyen-Congo, ii. 269 ; Hutchin-
son in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 648. H. Poggei, Pax in Engl.
Jahrb. xv. 528; Durand & Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo, 243. 4H.
ulmoides, var. capensis, Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 22.
EASTERN REGION : Delagoa Bay ; Matola, Schlechter, 11725!
Occurs also in Tropical Africa, from Angola through French and Belgian Congos
to the east coast,
_ Pax distinguished H. ulmoides, var. capensis, by the smaller and more obtuse
leaves, but Schlechter’s specimen, the type of this supposed variety, is identical
with the male type sheet described by Oliver.
XIX. CROTON, Linn.
Flowers moneecious, rarely dicecious ; petals in male flowers usually
present, in female flowers usually rudimentary or 0; disc glandular
im male flowers, glandular or annular in female flowers. Male :
Calyx deeply divided into 5, rarely 4 or 6 valvate or narrowly im-
bricate segments, or sometimes the sepals free. Petals as long as
calyx-lobes or sepals, or shorter. Dise-glands opposite calyx-segments,
adnate to their base or free and alternate with outer filaments.
Stamens 5—« , inserted on a usually pilose receptacle ; filaments free, 9
bud inflexed, at length erect ; anthers in bud with their apices pointing
downwards ; anther-cells 2, parallel ; dehiscence longitudinal. Rudi-
Croton. | EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). 411
: mentary ovary 0. Female: Calyx in flower with segments usually
: smaller than in the male, in fruit somewhat accrescent. Petals
when present rarely as large as in males; often much reduced or
obsolete and replaced by tufts of hairs, occasionally altogether
absent. Disc-glands as in males or at times connate in a ring.
Ovary usually 3-celled, occasionally 2- or 4-celled, ovules solitary in
each cell ; styles usually recurved, 1-3 times 2-fid or -partite, rarely
multifid. Capsule normally 3-dymous, breaking up into 2-valved
cocci ; rarely subindehiscent. Seeds smooth, strophiolate ; strophi-
ole small; testa crustaceous or woody ; albumen copious, fleshy ;
cotyledons broad, flat.
Trees, shrubs or rarely herbs, of varied habit, usually beset with stellate hairs or
orbicular scales; leaves usually alternate, rarely opposite or verticillate, entire or
toothed, rarely lobed, penninerved throughout, or palmately 3-0 -nerved from the
base, usually with 2 prominent glands at apex of petiole ; flowers in spikes or
racemes ; in androgynous inflorescences usually with many males above and a few
basal females, occasionally with both sexes mixed. Bracts small.
Disrris. Species about 600, throughout the tropics of both hemispheres, with
a few species extending or confined to subtropical regions.
Young shoots and leaves beneath stellate-pubescent but
not lepidote ; leaves long-petioled, 5-nerved at base,
the midrib thereafter up to 4-jugately penninerved ;
female petals minute or obsolete :
Leaves pubescent above, basal glands obsolete ; female :
calyx not accrescent : a shrub oe ay ... (1) rivularis.
Leaves glabrous, or nearly so, above, basal glands large ;
female calyx not accrescent ; trees :
Basal glands at point of junction of petiole and :
blade; capsule 4 in. across ay ... (2) sylvaticus.
Basal glands 1, in. below point of junction of
petiole and blade ; capsule 7-1 in. across ... (3) Gubouga.
Young shoots and leaves beneath lepidote ; leaves 6-14-
jugately penninerved throughout ; female calyx not
accrescent :
_ Petals in female flower wanting ; leaves very shortly :
petioled, stellate-pubescent above ... is ... (4) Menyharti.
Petals in female flowers well developed; leaves dis-
tinctly petioled, fragrant :
Leaves persistently stelate-puberulous above ; basal
glands at apex of petiole distinct, but hidden ne
by base of leaf... ise a so ... (5) subgratissimnus.
Leaves quite glabrous above : ‘
Lateral nerves of leaves indistinct or impressed
above : ;
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, not over 2 in.
long ; lateral nerves faintly impressed above,
not visible beneath ; basal glands if present ee
on upper side of petiole below base of leaf (6) gratissimus.
Leaves elliptic, obtuse or subacute, rarely
under 24 in. long lateral nerves somewhat
impressed above and raised beneath ; basal
glands at apex of petiole distinct, often _ :
stipitate, hidden by base of leaf... ... (7) zambesicus.
Lateral nerves of leaves distinctly raised above,
not visible beneath ; basal glands obsolete ... (8) pseudopulchellus.
:
is
#
ae
ee
by
412 EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). | Croton.
, 1. C. rivularis (E. Meyer in Drage, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 176,
name [rivulare|; Mill. Arg. in Linnea, xxxiv. 112) ; shrub, 2-6 ft.
high ; branches cylindric, stellate-pubescent ; flowering twigs densely
tawny stellate-tomentose ; leaves alternate, distinctly petioled,
membranous, palmately 3—5-nerved at the base, midrib 3—4-jugately
penninerved, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or acute, base rounded,
margin shortly rather irregularly serrate, 1}-3 in. long, }-1} in.
wide, dark green, sparingly persistently stellate-pubescent above,
softly stellate-pubescent or -tomentose beneath; petiole slender,
densely stellate-pubescent, }-1 in. long, usually without glands at
point of junction with blade ; stipules minute, caducous ; racemes
androgynous, up to 4 in. long, at ends of twigs, with 12-20 scattered
solitary or paired male flowers above and 3-4 scattered solitary
female flowers below ; rhachis densely stellate-tomentose ; bracts
small, ovate, stellate-pubescent ; male pedicels 1 lin. long, female
pedicels ultimately 2—3 lin. long ; male sepals 5, ovate, obtuse, densely
stellate-tomentose, } lin. long; petals orbicular, densely white-
villous at margins, thinly pubescent externally ; disc-glands small ;
stamens 10-15, filaments slender, glabrous ; receptacle villous ;
female sepals at first 1} lin. long, ovate-lanceolate, at length accres-
cent and in fruit 5 lin. long, 2 lin. wide ; petals rudimentary or
obsolete ; dise 5-lobed, glabrous; ovary densely tomentose with
stellate hairs; styles 2-partite to the base, the segments linear,
sometimes again 2-partite, glabrous ; capsule subglobose, } in. across,
distinctly 3-suleate and readily breaking up into 3 2-valved cocci ;
densely stellate-tomentose ; seeds oblong, subtriquetrous, angled on
inner face, rounded on the back, smooth. DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 602 ;
Sim, For, Fl. Cape Col, 311, t. 141, fig. 4. C. dubius, Spreng. ex
Eckl. & Zeyh. in Linnea, xx. 213, name ; Baill. Adansonia, iii. 154,
name. Ozxydectes rivularis, O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. ii. 612 and
Coast Recion: Uitenhage Div.; Bushmans River, Zeyher, 854! near Addo,
1000-2000 ft., Drege, b! Zeyher, 330! Ecklon & Zeyher, 28! 349! Tzamoes,
400 ft., Schlechter, 2593! Enon and on the Zuureberg Range, near Bontje’s River,
1000-2000 ft., Drége, a (2363)! near Uitenhage, Prior! Port Elizabeth Div. ;
Van Stadens River, Verreauz! Lelande! Springfields, Mrs. Paterson, 2191!
Sandflats, Rogers, 187! Bathurst Div. ; Port Alfred, 2000 ft., Burchell, 3797 !
Potts, 194! Galpin, 3044! Schénland, 793! Burtt-Davy 7890! between Port
Alfred and Kaffirs Drift, Burchell, 3849! Glentilling, Drége, bb! Albany Div. ;
Blue Krantz, Burchell, 3643! near Grahamstown, Bowie! Ecklon & Zeyher!
Williamson! MacOwan, 203! Bolus, 2682! Howison’s Poort, Mrs. Hutton ! and
without precise locality, Miss Bowker, 500! Bedford Div. ; Kagaberg, Scott Elliot,
664! King Williamstown Div. ; banks of the Buffalo River. Drége, c! 4633!
Zeyher! King Williamstown, 1500 ft., Hutton, 95! Tyson, 968! Peddie Div. ;
BF redericksburg, Gill! Komgha Div. ; near Komgha, 2000 ft., Flanagan, 715!
near the Kei River, 2000 ft., Schlechter, 6248 ! British Caffraria ; without precise
locality, Cooper, 58! Pappe!
EASTERN REGION: Transkei ; Kentani, at Blackpool, 1000 ft., Miss Pegler, ’
174! 189! Tembuland; Perie Forest, Kuntze. Pondoland; Mount Ayliff,
Schlechter ! Natal ?; without precise locality, Cooper, 3141!
a. ¢. sylvaticus (Hochst. apud Krauss in Flora, 1845, 82) ; tree
60 ft. high, trunk 3 ft. in. diam.; branches sulcate, glabrous ;
Croton. | EUPHORBIACE& (Prain), 415
flowering twigs rusty stellate-puberulous; leaves alternate, long-
petioled, thinly chartaceous, palmately 5-nerved at the base, midrib
4-jugately penninerved, ovate, rarely ovate-lanceolate, somewhat
caudate-acuminate, base rounded or slightly cordate, margin more
or less distinctly serrulate, 1}—5 in. long, 1-4 in. wide, dark green,
glabrous above, sparingly stellate-pubescent on the nerves beneath ;
petiole slender, 1-4 in. long, sparingly stellate-pubescent, with 2
very prominent glands at point of junction with blade; stipules
linear, stellate-pubescent, caducous ; racemes androgynous, up to
6 in. long, at ends of twigs, with many male flowers and a few
females accompanying throughout the raceme; rhachis suleate,
rather closely stellate-pubescent ; bracts subulate-lanceolate, several-
flowered ; male pedicels 1~1} lin. long, female pedicels under 1 lin.
long ; male sepals 5, narrow-lanceolate, obtuse, | lin. long, membran-
ous, thinly stellate-pubescent externally ; petals 5, narrow oblong, as
long as sepals, glabrous externally, the tip and margin within white-
villous ; disc-glands small; stamens 15-20; filaments slender,
glabrous ; receptacle villous; female sepals like the males ; petals
rudimentary ; disc deeply 5-lobed, glabrous ; ovary tomentose with
stellate hairs; styles 2-partite to the base, the segments linear,
glabrous ; capsule subglobose, } in. across, shortly stellate-pubescent ;
seeds subglobose, smooth. Sond. in Linnza, xxiii. 120; Baill.
Adansonia, iii. 154; Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 602 ; Sim, For.
Fl. Cape ‘Col. 310, t. 138; S. Moore in Journ. Linn. Soe. xl. 195:
Hutchinson in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 771. C. Stuhlmanni, Pax
in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 80. Oxydectes sylvatica, O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen.
he n. 613, Claoxylum (2) spherocarpum, O. Kuntze, l.c. iii. 11.
284.
Coast Recion: Komgha Div. ; Coast Kloofs from the Kei River westwards to
East London, Flanagan, 2528! near the mouth of the Kei River, Flanagan,
2368 ! Schlechter, 6203!
Eastern Recion: Pondoland; St. Johns, Sim, 2435! Natal; woods by the
Umlaas River, Krauss, 142! near Durban, Gueinzius 82! Gerrard, 148! Wood,
10929! Mrs. Saunders ! Inanda, Wood, 758! Berea, Wood, 7887 ! 11548 !
Winkel Spruit, Steyner in Herb. Wood, 11901! Clairmont, Kuntze! Dumisa,
1700 ft., Rudatis, 522! Zululand ; “ very common,” (Gerrard & McKen, 1!
Also in Eastern Tropical Africa. :
The bark of this tree is used in Gazaland as @ fish-poison (Moore).
3. C. Gubouga (S. Moore in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. x1. 196); tree
15-50 ft. high ; branches cylindric, distinctly lenticellate, glabrous ;
flowering twigs sparingly grey stellate-pubescent, soon glabrous ;
leaves alternate, long-petioled, thinly chartaceous, palmately
5-nerved at the base, midrib 3-5-jugately penninerved, ovate or
ovate-lanceolate, usually caudate-acuminate, base truncate or
slightly cordate, margin irregularly crenate-serrate, 2-44 in. long,
#-24 in. wide, medium green, at first sparingly stellate-pubescent,
but soon quite glabrous and finely rather closely verruculose above,
‘Sparsely grey stellate-pubescent with soft long-rayed hairs beneath ;
_ petiole slender, 3-13 in. long, at first sparingly softly stellate-
414 EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). [ Croton
pubescent, but soon glabrous, with 2 very prominent glands 7,—s\5 in.
below point of junction with blade; stipules linear-lanceolate,
sparingly stellate-pubescent, caducous ; racemes androgynous, usually
24-3 in. sometimes up to 5 in. long, at ends of twigs, with 12-20
male flowers in the upper third and 8-12 females in the lower third ;
rhachis angular, rather closely to sparingly grey stellate-pubescent ;
bracts linear-lanceolate, stellate-pubescent ; male pedicels 2 lin.
long, female pedicels 1}—1} lin. long; male sepals 5, oblong-ellip-
soid, obtuse, 11 lin. long, membranous, glabrous on both sides,
rather densely ciliate in the upper half; petals 5, narrow elliptic,
2 lin. long, glabrous externally, densely ciliate ; disc-glands fleshy,
glabrous ; stamens 15-16, filaments slender, glabrous; receptacle
villous; female sepals 5, ovate-oblong, obtuse, 2} lin. long, shortly
ciliate in the upper half and with a few stellate hairs in the centre
externally ; petals obsolete ; disc crenulate, fleshy, glabrous ; ovary
densely white-tomentose with stellate hairs ; styles deeply 2-partite,
the segments linear and again 2-partite nearly to the base, glabrous,
fleshy, slightly wrinkled ; capsule broadly ellipsoid, not lobed, 14 in.
long, ?-1 in. across, when ripe shortly sparingly stellate-puberulous
or nearly glabrous ; seeds oblong-ellipsoid, ? in. long, } in. across,
testa dull, greyish-brown, smooth. Hutchinson in Dyer, Fl. Trop.
Afr. vi. i. 766.
Katanarr Recion: Transvaal ; Lydenburg Dist., Selabi, on the banks of the
Olifants River, 1600 ft., Pole-Evans, H. 17024!
Eastern REGIon: Portuguese East Africa ; Lourenco Marques, in the low
veld north of Delagoa Bay, Maberly.
Also in Eastern Tropical Africa.
The bark and the seeds of this tree are said to be effective as remedies in cases
of malarial bilious fever (Maberly). In the open C. Gubouga is usually a shrub
or small tree 15-30 ft. high, in sheltered spots a large tree 30-50 ft. high (Pole-
Evans). Its nearest ally in our area is C’, sylvaticus, Hochst., which has, however,
much smaller fruits. The capsule appears to be indehiscent and is usually 2-seeded,
sometimes ]-seeded. In Gazaland the bark is used as a fish-poison (Moore).
4. C. Menyharti (Pax in Bull. Herb. Boiss. vi. 733); shrub, 3-6
ft. high ; twigs slender, at first densely stellate-tomentose, at length
glabrous ; leaves alternate, very shortly petioled, thinly papery,
penninerved, oblong-ovate or oblong-elliptic, obtuse and slightly
emarginate, base shallow-cordate and slightly unequal, margin entire,
3-2 in. long, 4} in. wide, rather pale green and thinly permanently
stellate-pubescent above, densely clothed beneath with silvery scales
and also thinly stellate-pubescent ; lateral nerves 6-9 on each
side, very slightly impressed above and distinctly raised beneath ;
petiole about 1 lin. long, densely stellate-pubescent and sparingly
sealy, without glands at point of attachment with leaf; stipules
minute, subulate ; racemes androgynous, 3-2} in. long, 5-15-
flowered at the ends of lateral shoots, rhachis densely stellate-
tomentose and sealy ; male pedicels }—} in. long ; sepals ovate, | lin.
long, coriaceous, sparingly stellate-pubescent and densely scaly
Croton. | EUPHORBIACK& (Prain). 415
outside, glabrous within ; petals narrow oblanceolate, obtuse or sub-
acute, ciliate and shortly pubescent within, glabrous outside ; dise-
glands minute ; stamens 15; filaments slightly hairy ; receptacle
pubescent ; female pedicels half as long as male or shorter ; female
calyx lobed only two-thirds its depth, scaly but hardly tomentose
outside, slightly pubescent within; petals 0; disc annular, thick,
glabrous ; ovary densely clothed with large orbicular scales, but
without stellate hairs ; styles 3-4, deeply 2-lobed, lobes linear, entire
or again 2-fid, incurved, glabrous ; capsule very faintly 3-lobed, } in.
long, densely scaly; seeds ellipsoid, smooth. CC, Menyhartii,
Hutchinson in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 753. C. pulchellus, Mill.
Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 572, partly and as regards syn. Klotzsch
only ; not of Baill. OC. kwebensis, N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1909,
140. Argyrodendron bicolor, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot.
102: not Croton bicolor, Roab.
Eastern Recton: Natal ; on the Tugela River, Gerrard, 1460 !
Also in Tropical Africa.
5. C. subgratissimus (Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 79); large
shrub or small tree, 16-25 ft. high; twigs slender, angled, covered
with silvery scales when young ; leaves fragrant, alternate, distinctly
to long-petioled, coriaceous, penninerved, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate,
emarginate, base minutely narrow-cordate, margin entire, 1}—3} in.
long, 3-11 in. wide, pale green, dull and uniformly persistently
stellate-puberulous above, densely clothed with silvery scales with a
few rusty scales intermixed beneath; lateral nerves 12-14 a side,
neither impressed above nor raised beneath ; petiole $—1} in. long,
densely silvery and rusty lepidote, with 2 sessile glands underneath
at point of attachment with blade ; stipules subulate, usually short,
occasionally very long, scaly ; racemes androgynous, 1—4 in. long, at
ends of shoots; rhachis densely silvery and rusty scaly ; bracts
subulate-lanceolate, scaly ; male pedicels 1-2 lin. long, densely scaly ;
Sepals ovate, obtuse, 11 lin, long, coriaceous, densely scaly outside,
closely puberulous within ; petals ovate, rather shorter than sepals,
scaly externally, margins villous, glabrous within ; disc-glands thick,
glabrous ; stamens 15-20, filaments thinly pubescent below ; recep-
tacle pilose ; female sepals as in male; petals oblong-lanceolate,
obtuse, scaly outside, hairy within ; disc minute; ovary densely
clothed with fringed scales ; styles spreading, 6—8-partite, glabrous ;
capsule very slightly 3-lobed, } in. long, densely scaly ; seeds smooth.
Prain in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 1050. C. gratissimus, Pax in
Engl. Jahrb. x. 35, not of Burch.
Kananart Recion: Bechuanaland; Lobatsi, Marloth, 3331! Transvaal ;
Wonderboom Poort, Rehmann, 4552! Miss Leendertz, 270! Rogers, 233! Burtt-
Davy, 1849! Magaliesberg Range, Zeyher, 2767! Pretoria, Fehr, 54!
Also in Hereroland and Tropical North-west Bechuanland.
Very nearly alli a issimus, Burch,, which it most resembles in general
facies. and got weitere gare which it most resembles as regards Sines,
but equally distinct from both in having leaves which are persistently stellate-
puberulous above.
416 EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). | Croton.
6. C. gratissimus (Burch. Trav. 8. Afr. ii. 263); shrub or small
tree, 4-20 ft. high; twigs slender, angular, covered with silvery
and rusty scales when young; leaves fragrant, alternate, distinctly
to long-petioled, coriaceous, penninerved, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate
or acute, emarginate, base minutely narrow-cordate, margin entire,
11-2 in. long, }-2 in. wide, pale green, quite glabrous, polished
above, densely clothed with silvery and rusty scales intermixed
beneath ; lateral nerves 10-12 0n each side, neither impressed above
nor raised beneath; petiole 1-1 in. long, densely clothed with
silvery and rusty scales with basal glands usually very minute or
absent and when distinct then always sessile and attached to upper
portion of petiole slightly below its attachment to the blade;
stipules subulate, very short ; racemes androgynous, up to 24 in.
long, at the ends of shoots ; rhachis densely silvery and rusty scaly :
bracts subulate-lanceolate, scaly; male pedicels 1-14 lin. long,
densely scaly ; sepals ovate, obtuse, 1} lin. long, coriaceous, outside
densely scaly, closely puberulous within ; petals ovate, as large as
sepals, outside scaly, margin villous, within glabrous; disc-glands
thick, glabrous ; stamens 10-15 ; filaments thinly pubescent below ;
receptacle pilose; female sepals as in the male; petals oblong-
lanceolate, obtuse, scaly outside, hairy within ; disc minute ; ovary
densely clothed with fringed scaies ; styles 3, erect, very stout, each
2-lobed, glabrous ; capsule very slightly 3-lobed, 1 in. long, densely
scaly ; seeds smooth. Sond. in Linnza, xxiii. 119; Baill. Adansonia,
iii. 154; Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 516; Sim, For. Fl. Cape
Col. 311; Prain in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi.i. 1051. — C. mierobotrys,
Pax in Engl. Jahrb. x. 35. Oxydectes gratissima, O. Kuntze, Rev.
Gen. PI. ii. 611.
Katanart Region: Griqualand West; Klipfontein, Burchell, 2154! 2631!
Bechuanaland ; near the sources of the Kuruman River, Burchell, 2493/2! near
Kuruman, 4200 ft., Marloth, 1078! Takun, Lemue. Transvaal ; Magaliesberg
Range, Burke! Zeyher, 1513! Engler, 2764! Rhenoster Poort, Nelson, 93!
Warmbath, Miss Leendertz, 1367! Burtt-Davy, 2185 ! 2623 ! 5565 ! Wonderboom
Poort, Galpin, 6989! Walmaranstad, Hull, 6081! near Nazareth, 4500 ft.,
Schlechter, 4478 !
Eastern Recion : Natal ; near Greytown, 4000 ft., Wood, 10035 ! Drakenberg
Range, Wahlberg. ‘
Also in Hereroland and in Tropical North-eastern Bechuanaland.
7. C. zambesicus (Mill. Arg. in Flora, 1864, 483); large shrub
or small tree, 16-25 ft. high; twigs angular, covered with silvery
and rusty scales with or without an accompanying sparse stellate-
pubescence ; leaves fragrant, alternate, distinctly to long-petioled,
firmly membranous, penninerved, elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse or
slightly narrowed to the apex, emarginate, base narrow shallowly
cordate, margin entire, 24-4} in. long, 3-13 in. wide, green,
glabrous, dull above, densely clothed with silvery and a few rusty
scales beneath ; lateral nerves 12-14 a side, slightly impressed
above and raised beneath ; petiole $-1} in. long, densely silvery
lepidote and sometimes also sparingly stellate-pubescent with 7
usually distinctly stipitate glands underneath at point of attach-
Croton. | EUPHORBIACES (Prain). 417
ment with blade ; stipules subulate, usually short, occasionally very
long, scaly ; racemes androgynous, 1-4 in. long, at ends of shoots ;
rhachis.densely silvery and rusty scaly ; bracts subulate-lanceolate,
scaly ; male pedicels 1-2 lin. long, densely scaly; sepals ovate,
obtuse, 1} lin. long, coriaceous, densely scaly outside, closely
puberulous within ; petals ovate, as large as sepals, scaly extern-
ally, margins villous, sparingly pilose within; disc-glands thick,
glabrous ; stamens 15-20, filaments thinly pubescent below ; recep-
tacle pilose; female sepals as in male; petals oblong-lanceolate,
obtuse, scaly outside, hairy within ; disc minute; ovary densely
clad with fringed scales; styles spreading, 4—6-partite ; segments
1-3-fid, glabrous above, puberulous on back below ; capsule dis-
tinctly 3-lobed, 2 in. long, densely scaly. Miill. Arg. in DC. Prodr.
xv. i. 515; Paw in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 237; De Wild. Etudes
Fl. Bas- et Moyen-Congo, ii. 278 ; N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1909,
139; Hutchinson in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 758. C. welwit-
schianus, Mill. Arg. in Journ. Bot. 1864, 338, and in DC. Prodr.
xv. 11,515; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 970; De Wild. & Durand
in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2me sér. i. 47; Th. & Hél. Durand, Syll. Fl.
Congol. 481. ©, Antunesii, Pax in Engl. Jahrb, xxiii. 523, and in
Baum, Kunene-Samb. Exped. 282. C. amabilis, N. E. Br. in Kew
Bulletin, 1909, 140 ; not of Mill. Arg. Oxydectes welwitschiana, and
O. zambesica, O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. ii. 613.
Kananarr Recion: Transvaal ; Potgieters Rust, Miss Leendertz, 1428!
Eastern Recion: Natal; Tugela, Gerrard, 1460! Delagoa Bay; , Ressano
Garcia, 1000 ft., Schlechter, 11938 !
Also in Tropical Africa.
This species occurs in Great Namaqualand, north of the Tropic and has been
collected as far south as Rehoboth ; it may therefore yet be met with in our
Western Region. It is nearly-allied to C. gratissimus, Burch., and may be only a
luxuriant form of that plant, but can usually be readily distinguished by its larger
leaves, dull on the upper surface, with distinctly stipitate basal glands at the apex
of the petiole ; also to C. subgratissimus, Prain, but is very readily distinguished
therefrom by the glabrous upper surface of the leaves.
8. C. pseudopulchellus (Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xxxiv. 371); shrub,
6-12 ft. high ; twigs slender, covered with rust-coloured scales when
young ; leaves fragrant, subverticillate, distinctly petioled, firmly
papery, penninerved, lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse and
slightly emarginate, base rounded or wide-cuneate, margin entire,
i-2 in. long, }-? in. wide, dark green, quite glabrous above, densely
clothed beneath with silvery scales and rusty scales intermixed ;
lateral nerves 9-12 on each side, slightly raised above, not visible
beneath ; petiole up to 1 in. long, scaly like undersurface of leat
which is without glands at its attachment to the petiole ; stipules
minute, subulate ; racemes androgynous, much abbreviated, forming
small dense corymbs, } in. across, at the tips of the shoots; male
pedicels about } in. long when flower opens ; sepals ovate, 1 lin. long,
coriaceous, densely scaly externally, the margins puberulous within ;
FL. C.—VOL. V.—SECT. II. 28
418 EUPHORBIACE (Prain). [ Croton.
petals oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, with villous margins, otherwise
glabrous on both surfaces; disc-glands minute ; stamens 15-18;
filaments explanate and sparingly hairy below ; receptacle pubescent ;
female sepals as in male; petals rather narrower and shorter than
in male; disc thin, glabrous; ovary densely clothed with large,
orbicular scales ; styles 2-partite almost to the base, the arms sub-
terete, glabrous ; capsule 3-lobed, } in. long, densely scaly ; seeds
ellipsoid, brown. Hutchinson in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 757.
CO. pulchellus, Mill, Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 572, partly, but excluding
the Madagascar plant and syn. Klotzsch ; not of Baill.
EastERN Reaton : Delagoa Bay ; Morakwen, Junod, 361 a! 516!
Also in Tropical East Africa.
XX. JATROPHA, Linn.
Flowers moneecious, rarely dicecious ; petals usually present ; disc
of 5 free glands or sometimes in male, often in female annular.
Male: Sepals 5, imbricate, often slightly connate below. Petals 5,
usually imbricate, connate below in a tube or free throughout,
rarely obsolete. Stamens in our species 8, 2-seriate ; filaments
connate below in a column, the 5 outer opposite the petals usually
shorter than the 3 inner; anthers erect, their cells parallel, con-
tiguous ; dehiscence longitudinal. Rudimentary ovary 0. Female:
Sepals as in male. Petals as in male. Ovary 2-3- (rarely 4—5-)
celled ; ovules solitary in each cell; style connate below, spreading
above, often shortly 2-partite. Capsule ovoid or subglobose, breaking
up into 2-5, usually 3, 2-valved cocci; endocarp hard, thin and
crustaceous or thickened and woody. Seeds carunculate, ovoid or
oblong ; caruncle often, deeply lobed ; testa crustaceous ; albumen
fleshy ; cotyledons broad, flat.
Herbs, often with thick perennial rootstocks, or shrubs; leaves alternate,
usually scattered, occasionally clustered, petioled or sessile, entire or digitately
rarely pinnately lobed, hairs when present simple, sometimes glandular ; stipules
setaceously lobed or partite, rarely rigid and spiny ; flowers disposed in terminal
dichotomous cymes, the female solitary, terminal, the male lateral.
Disrrip. Species about 160, generally distributed throughout the tropics and
extending beyond the tropics into North America and South Africa.
Shrubs ae woody subaerial stems; leaves distinctly
oled :
Stems 5 ft. high or higher ; leaves ovate-cordate, long-
petioled ; male petals united in their lower half... (1) Cureas.
Stems 3 ft. high or shorter ; male petals free:
Leaves wide ovate or oblong, nearly as broad as long,
often 3-lobed, less often 5-lobed or entire ;
petioles long ; stipules dissected ce ... (2) variifolia.
Sutropha. | EUPHORBIACE# (Prain). 419
Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, about thrice
as long as broad, base usually hastately 2-lobu-
late ; petioles short ; stipules small, gland-like (3) capensis.
Herbs with soft subaerial stems springing from a per-
sistent rootstock :
Subaerial herbaceous stems tufted at the apices of
their vertical hypogeal stems, themselves rising
from a deeply buried dauciform swollen rootstock ;
leaves shortly petioled, runcinate-pinnatifid ;
stipules entire or 2-fid, eglandular; sepals with
hyaline denticulate edges connate half-way in a
campanulate calyx ... he ea ee ... (4) erythropoda,
Subaerial herbaceous stems springing directly from
thickened more or less horizontal woody rootstocks ;
sepals very shortly connate at the base only :
Margins of leaves quite eglandular ; leaves sessile ;
stipules entire or 2-fid, eglandular :
Margins of bracts and sepals entire and eglandular ;
leaves sparingly hirsute, very variable in
outline, mainly 3-lobed, but often with entire
and with 5-7-lobed intermixed a ... (5) natalensis.
Margins of bracts and sepals closely glandular-
denticulate ; leaves glabrous, ovate-lanceo-
late to linear-lanceolate much longer than
broad, entire or at times 1-2-dentate near
base on each side oe ee mo ... (6) lagarinthoides.
Margins of leaves, bracts and sepals closely glandular-
denticulate or ciliate or setulose :
Marginal glands of leaves, bracts and sepals sessile ;
leaves sessile, always entire :
Leaves quite glabrous ; stipules setaceous, entire
or 2-fid, eglandular, deciduous... --. (7) latifolia.
Leaves more or less hirsute ; stipules dissected, ;
persistent, their lobules gland-tipped _... (8) hirsuta,
Marginal glands of leaves, bracts and sepals stipi-
tate ; leaves usually distinctly lobulate, rarely
entire or subentire : ’
Cymes hardly overtopping the leaves; leaves
sessile or very shortly petioled, their apices
and the tips of the lobes and lobules acute ;
petals silky outside :
Stems and leaves softly densely hirsute ; leaves
distinctly pinnately lobed, their marginal
glands very long-stalked; male petals -
slightly united below... a ... (9) Woodii.
Stems and leaves rather harshly sparsely
pilose; leaves spuriously subpalmately
lobed, rarely entire or a 6 ly oe
marginal glands short-stalked; male :
petals free ... aie . bs ... (10) Zeyheri.
Cymes considerably overtopping the leaves ;
leaves distinctiy petioled, the tip of lobes
and lobules obtuse, denticulate; petals
glabrous outside ... ‘ i GY) ee
aE 2Z
420 EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). | Jatropha.
1. J. Curcas (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 1006); shrub of considerable
size; twigs stout, glabrous; leaves long-petioled, firmly papery,
ovate-rotund, obtuse or subacute, base wide-cordate, margin entire
to undulate or 5-lobulate, 34-6 in. long, 3-54 in. wide, 5—9-nerved
from the base, glabrous and distinctly reticulately veined on both
surfaces ; petiole shallowly channelled above, glabrous, 34-7 in.
long ; stipules small ; cymes much shorter than the leaves ; peduncle
14-2 in. long, glabrous; bracts lanceolate or linear, entire, 2} lin.
long or less, sparsely pubescent ; male sepals ovate-elliptic, subacute,
glabrous, entire, under 2 lin. long; petals oblong-obovate, connate
in their lower half, densely hairy within, 3-34 lin. long; disc-
glands free, columnar, cylindric, glabrous; stamens 8 ; outer fila-
ments almost free, inner connate ; female sepals 2 lin. long ; petals
quite free, oblong, obtuse, 3 lin. long, entire, hairy within near the
middle ; disc deeply 5-lobed, glabrous ; ovary glabrous ; styles short,
connate at the base ; capsule ellipsoid, faintly lobed, about 1 in.
long ; seeds oblong, 3 in. long, } in. wide. Jacq. Hort. Vindob. ii.
36, t. 63; Mill. Arg. in DO. Prodr. xv. ii. 1080 and in Mart. Fl.
Bras. xi. ii. 487, t. 68; Baker, Fl. Maurit. 322; Pax in Engl. &
Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 5,75, fig. 45; in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 240 ;
and in Engl. Pflanzenr. Ewphorb. Jatroph. 77 ; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl.
Welw. i. 968; Hutchinson in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i, 791.
J. acerifolia, Salisb. Prodr. 389. Curcas purgans, Medik. Ind. Pl.
Hort. Manhern, i. 90; Baill. Etud. Gén. Euphorb. 314, t. 19, figs.
10,11. C. indica, A. Rich. in Ramon de la Sagra, Fl. Cub. Fanerog-
iii. 208. C. Adansonii, Endl. ex Heynh. Nomencl. 176. Castiglionia
lobata, Ruiz & Pav. Fl. Peruv. Prodr, 139, t. 37.
Cultivated by the natives in the Transvaal and in Natal,
A native of tropical America, but now widely spread as a cultivated and natural ised
species, throughout Africa, the Mascarene Islands and South-Eastern Asia.
2. J. variifolia (Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr. Euphorb. Jatroph. 54) ;
shrub, up to 3 ft. high; twigs stout, cylindric, glabrous ; leaves
distinctly to long-petioled, thinly leathery, wide ovate, rarely oblong,
acute, base rounded, truncate or shallow cordate, margin entire or
3- (less often 5-) lobed, lobes acute, 3-5 in. long, 2-6 in. wide, bright
green, glabrous on both surfaces, always distinctly 5-nerved at the
base ; petiole 1-2 in, long, glabrous ; stipules split up into numerous
setaceous gland-tipped lobules, caducous ; cymes rather lax, ones
flowered, just overtopping the full-grown leaves; peduncles 14-22
in. long, slender, glabrous; primary branches }—} in. long, very
slender, glabrous ; bracts split up into numerous setaceous gland-
tipped lobules, 1 lin. long ; male sepals ovate-oblong, obtuse, glabrous,
entire, connate below, under 1 lin. long ; petals oblong, obtuse, } 1”-
long, quite free, glabrous ; dise-glands free ; stamens 8, filaments of
both series united below in a very short glabrous column, shortly
free above ; female sepals oblong-lanceolate, acute, } in. long ; petals
linear-spathulate, } in. long, quite free, glabrous ; ovary glabrous ;
Jatropha. | EUPHORBIACE# (Prain). 421
styles 3, 2-fid above; capsule 3-dymous, 2 in. across, cocci sub-
globose ; seeds oblong, 4 in. long, } in. wide. J. triloba, E. Meyer
in Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 194; not of Cerv. J. heterophylla,
Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 25 ; not of Heyne. J. capensis, Sim, For.
Fi. Cape Col. 310, partly and as to syn. Drege only ; not of Linn. f.
Coast Recion: East London Div.; Fort Jackson, 800 ft., Rattray, 1252!
Komgha Div. ; near the mouth of the Kei River, Flanagan, 2336!
Karanart REGION: Transvaal ; Komati Poort, 1000 ft., Schlechter, 11798 !
Eastern Recion: Transkei; Bashee River, Drége, 4631! Bowker, 466!
516! Delagoa Bay ; near Lourenco Marques, Bolus, 9773 !
oe 3. J. capensis (Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 118); shrub, up to 3 ft.
‘ high ; twigs stout, obscurely 4-gonous, glabrous ; leaves shortly to
distinctly petioled, thinly leathery, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate,
acute, base wide cuneate, truncate or subcordate usually more or
less distinctly hastately lobulate with lobules oblong obtuse rarely
subacute and rarely as long as the width of the lamina, margin
elsewhere entire, 14-3 in. long, 4-1 in. wide, basal lobules never
over § in. long, usually much shorter, often on lowest leaves of a
shoot obsolete on one or both sides, dark green, glabrous on both
surfaces, when lobulate distinctly 3-nerved at the base; petiole
4-j in. long, glabrous ; stipules very small, gland-like ; cymes rather
dense, few-flowered, just overtopping the leaves ; peduncles 3-1} in.
long, slender, glabrous ;_ bracts lanceolate, entire, 14 lin. long,
glabrous; male sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute, glabrous, entire,
connate below, 1 lin. long ; petals spathulate-lanceolate, obtuse, } in.
long, quite free, glabrous ; dise-glands free; stamens 8 ; filaments
of both series united below in a glabrous column, free above ; female
sepals 1} lin. long; petals as in male, but } in. long; disc-glands
free ; ovary glabrous ; styles 3, connate below, 2-fid above ; capsule
ellipsoid, faintly lobed, about 4 in. long ; seeds oblong, } in. long,
$ In. wide. Baill. Adansonia, iii. 149; Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr.
Xv. ii. 1084; Sim, For. Fl. Cape Col. 310 (ewel. syn. Drége), t. 16,
Jig. 9; Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr. Euphorb. Jatroph. 54. Croton capensis,
Linn. f. Suppl. 422; Thunb. Prodr. 117, and Fl. Cap. ed. Schult.
546 ; Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 554; Geisel. Crot. Monogr. 75 ; Spreng. Syst.
iii. 875; E. Meyer in Drege, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 176; Krauss in
Flora, 1845, 82; Eekl. & Zeyh. in Linnea, xx. 213; Harv. Gen.
S. Afr. Pl. ed. Hook. 336.
Coast Recion ; Uitenhage Div.; near Uitenhage, Prior! Fraser! Zwartkops
River, Thunberg! Drége, 8219a! Zeyher, 7351 between Uitenhage and the
Coega River, Burchell, 4417 | Enon, 1000-2000 ft., Drege, 8219 b! Little Winter-
hoek, Drége, 8219¢! Addo, 1000-2000 ft., Ecklon & Zeyher, 27! Winterhoek,
Krauss, 1722! Port Elizabeth Div. ; Hankey, Mrs. Paterson, 6! Albany Div. ;
Grahamstown, Bowker! Williamson! MacOwan, 459! Fish River Heights, Mrs.
Bowker! Hutton ! Scott Eliot, 882! Queens Road, Schinland, 936! Bothas Hill,
2000 ft., Schlechter, 6098! Alicedale, Rogers, 4626! Fort Beaufort Div. ; Kunap
River, Baur, 1037! Queenstown Div. ; without locality, Hutton! Peddie Div. ;
along the Keiskamma River, at Pinedrift, Sim, 2581!
Reeton: Jansenville Div. ; near Jansenville, 1500 ft., Bolus, 1660!
and Karroo, without precise locality, Gill!
422 EUPHORBIACES (Prain). | Jatropha.
4, J. erythropoda (Pax & K. Hofim. in Engl. Pflanzenr. Euphorb.
Jatroph. 66); herb up to 5 in. high ; rootstock deeply buried, large,
red, astringent, 4 in. long, 14 in. thick, giving off one or more apical
underground perennial vertical stems 4-6 in. long, whence at the
surface spring several slender branching herbaceous leafy stems,
glabrous below, softly sparsely white-pubescent above ; leaves all
shortly petioled, rather firm, irregularly runcinate-pinnatisect, lobes
linear or linear-lanceolate again runcinately incised, margin hyaline
and spinulose-denticulate, 2-24 in. long, 14-2 in. wide, lobes }—1 in.
long, }-1 in. wide, lobules }1—} in. long, glabrous on both surfaces ;
petiole 1—1 in. long, softly shortly white-pubescent ; stipules setaceous
or subhyaline, persistent, entire or 2-fid ; cymes rather open, few-
flowered ; peduncles up to 4 in. long, softly white-pubescent ; primary
branches } in. long, white-pubescent; bracts small, lanceolate,
hyaline-denticulate, 1 in. long; male sepals connate to the middle
in a campanulate tube, above free, triangular, hyaline-denticulate,
4 in. long; petals glabrous, linear-spathulate or narrow oblong, } in.
long ; disc-glands free ; stamens 8, the 5 of the outer series almost
free, the 3 inner connate below ; female calyx like male, but rather
larger ; petals as in male, but over } in. long ; hypogynous glands
free ; ovary glabrous ; styles 3 ; capsule somewhat depressed-globose,
} in. across, } in. long, hardly suleate, glabrous, verruculose.
Hutchinson in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 783.
Katanart Recion: Bechuanaland ; Chooi Desert, Burchell, 2351! 2353! near
Serowe, Schiinland, 1655!
Also in German South-West Africa.
5. J. natalensis (Miill. Arg. in Flora, 1864, 485); herb up to
2 ft. high; rootstock stout, perennial; stems leafy, simple or
branched, sparingly pilose with white spreading hairs below, more
densely towards the top; leaves sessile, firm, very variable, occa-
sionally all entire, sometimes all lobed, more often a few entire, the
majority lobed ; entire leaves lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate or oblong,
lobed leaves usually 3-lobed, less often 5-7-lobed, apices of leaf
and lobes acute, slightly hyaline-mucronulate, base cuneate, margin
hyaline, quite entire or hyaline-denticulate, 4-5} in. long, 14-3 in.
wide, rather sparingly beset with white spreading hairs on the
nerves on both surfaces; stipules subulate, ,1, in. long, usually
entire, not glandular, very caducous; cymes rather lax, many-
flowered, often hardly overtopping the leaves ; peduncles softly and
sparingly hirsute, 14-4 in. long; primary branches hirsute, }-1} ™-
long ; bracts lanceolate, entire, or the lowest with 2-3 hyaline non-
glandular teeth on each side, lowest } in., uppermost } in. long ;
male sepals lanceolate, sparingly hairy outside or glabrous, margins
quite entire; petals yellow, spathulate-lanceolate, } in. long, free;
dise-glands free ; stamens 8; filaments of both series united in @
column ; female sepals like the male but rather larger ; petals as
male but larger ; hypogynous glands free ; ovary glabrous; styles
Jatropha. | EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). 423
3, 2-lobed at the apex ; capsule 3-dymous, ovate, } in. across ; cocci
oblong, glabrous ; seeds wide ovate-oblong, } in. long, } in. wide.
DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1083; Wood, Natal Pl. t. 242; Pax in Engl.
Pflanzenr. Euphorb. Jatroph. 65.
Eastern Recion : Natal ; Tugela River, near Colenso, 3000-4000 ft., Gerrard,
1633! Wood, 3391! Rehmann, 7168! Dimock-Brown, 7746! Weenen County,
Mooi River Valley, 2000-3000 ft., Sutherland! Griffins Hill, Eastcourt, 3000-
4000 ft., Rehmann, 7313! Wood, 3391! Newcastle, Arnolds farm, Rehmann,
7048 ! near Ladysmith, 4000 ft., Wood, 4243! 7950! Rehmann, 7137 ! Rogers, 682!
6. J. lagarinthoides (Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 118); herb up to
8 in. high; rootstock stout, perennial ; stems leafy, simple or
branched, usually several from the same base, hispid-pilose upwards ;
leaves sessile, papery, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, acute or obtuse,
base narrowed or rounded, margin entire or occasionally 1-dentate
(very rarely 2-dentate) near the base on each side, 1-24 in. long,
¢-3 In. wide, glabrous on both surfaces; stipules setaceous, entire
or 2-fid, not gland-tipped, subpersistent ; cymes rather dense, few-
flowered, hardly overtopping the leaves ; peduncles patently hirsute,
3-4 in. long ; primary branches patently hirsute, 1—! in. long ; bracts
linear-lanceolate, margins closely lacerate-ciliate, glabrous, up to } in.
long ; male sepals lanceolate, closely glandular-denticulate, glabrous ;
petals spathulate-oblong, obtuse, } in. long, free ; disc-glands free ;
stamens 8, filaments of both series united below in a column, the
outer 5 free in their upper half, the inner 3 free in their upper
fourth ; female sepals like the male sepals; petals as in male but
larger ; ovary glabrous, tubercular-scabrous throughout; styles 3,
united below, 2-lobed above ; capsule very slightly sulcate, oblong-
ovate, hardly 3-dymous, 3 in. across ; cocci narrow oblong, tubercular-
scabrous, glabrous ; seeds narrow-oblong, } in. long, } in. wide.
Baill. Adansonia, iii. 149; Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1088 ;
Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr. Euphorb. Jatroph. 64, fig. 25.
Var. 8, cluytioides (Prain) ; leaves larger, firmer, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate,
1-3 in. long, 3-3 in. wide, in all other respects as in. the type. J. cluytioides,
Pax & K. Hoffm. 1c. 65. J. latifolia, var. stenophylla, Paz, l.c. 133.
Karauart Recion: Transvaal; Magaliesberg Range, Burke, 65 mainly!
Zeyher, 15741 near Pretoria, Fehr! Schlechter, 3703! Derde Poort, Miss
, 377! Irene, Miss Leendertz, 677! Pinedene, near Irene, Burtt-Davy,
2313! Var. 8: Transvaal; Magaliesberg Range, Burke, 65 partly! near Middel-
burg, Schlechter, 3790! Witbank, Gilfillan in Herb. Galpin, 7237 ! between Porter
and Trigardsfontein, Rehmann, 6596! 6661 !
A very distinct species of which the plant described as J. cluytioides would
appear to be the more usual form. The two forms appear, however, to pass into
each other and to be conditions of one species rather than distinct varieties.
7. J. latifolia (Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xxiii. 531); herb up to | ft.
high ; rootstock stout, perennial ; everywhere glabrous ; stem leafy,
simple or sparingly branched ; leaves sessile, subcoriaceous, oblong
or ovate, acute, base rounded, margin closely and minutely glandular-
denticulate, 21-41 in. long, 1-1} in. wide ; stipules setaceous, entire
424 EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). [ Jatropha.
or 2-fid, caducous ; cymes rather dense, many-flowered, hardly over-
topping the leaves; peduncles 1 in. long; primary branches } in.
long ; bracts lanceolate with margin closely and minutely glandular-
denticulate, up to } in. long; male sepals lanceolate, closely and
minutely glandular-denticulate, } in. long, } in. wide; petals
spathulate-oblong, obtuse, } in. long, free ; disc-glands free ; stamens
8, filaments of both series united below in a column, free above ;
female sepals lanceolate, similar to the male sepals ; petals as in the
male but larger; ovary glabrous ; styles 3, 2-fid above; capsule
3-dymous, } in, across; cocci oblong ; seeds narrow oblong, } in.
long, } in. wide. Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr. Euphorb. Jatroph. 61.
Var. 8, angustata (Prain); leaves narrow lanceolate, acute, base rounded or
truncate, margin closely and minutely glandular-denticulate, 24-4} in. long,
4-1 in. wide.
Var. y, swazica (Prain); leaves obovate, obtuse or subacute, base somewhat
cuneate, margin entire or sparingly and minutely glandular-denticulate, 3-5 in.
long, 13-2 in. wide.
Katanart Recion: Transvaal; Lydenburg, Wilms, 1311! Waterval Onder,
Middelberg ! Heidelberg, Schlechter! near Barberton, 2000-3000 ft., Bolus, 9775
partly! Var. 8: near Barberton, 2000-3000 ft., growing with the type, Bolus,
9775 partly! Galpin, 526! Elands Hoek, Rogers, 386! Rivulets, Rogers, 431!
Var. y: Swaziland; near Bremersdorp, 2600 ft., Bolus, 12296! ridge between
Bremersdorp and Macnabs, Burtt-Davy, 2942!
EasteRN Reaion: Natal; near Durban, Sutherland! Wilms, 2274 !
Very nearly allied to J. hirsuta but readily distinguished by the glabrous leaves
and the eglandular stipules.
The plant named by Dr. Pax J. latifolia, var. stenophylla (Engl. Pflanzenr.
Euphorb. Jatroph. 133), is J. lagarinthoides, var. cluytioides.
8. J. hirsuta (Hochst. apud Krauss in Flora, 1845, 82); herb
up to 10 in. high ; rootstock stout, perennial ; stems leafy, simple
or sparingly branched, glabrous or nearly so below, sparingly pilose
above ; leaves sessile, subcoriaceous, subobovate or elliptic, acute or
subobtuse, base cuneate, very rarely rounded, margin closely and
minutely glandular-denticulate, 2-24 in. long, 14-1} in. wide,
villous on both surfaces, but especially on the nerves beneath, with
soft spreading white hairs ; stipules divided into 4—6 filiform gland-
tipped segments ; cymes rather dense, many-flowered, hardly over-
topping the leaves ; peduncles 1 in. long; primary branches } in.
long ; bracts lanceolate, margins closely and minutely glandular-
denticulate, up to } in. long; male sepals lanceolate, closely and
minutely glandular-denticulate, villous externally ; petals spathu-
late-oblong, obtuse, } in. long, free; disc-glands free; stamens 8,
filaments of both series united below in a long column, free above ;
female sepals lanceolate, similar to male sepals; petals as in male
but larger ; ovary hirsute ; styles 3, 2-lobed above ; capsule 3-dymous,
} in. across ; cocci wide-oblong, hirsute ; seeds oblong, } in. long,
4 in. wide. Sond. in Linnza, xxiii. 118; Baill. Adansonia, iii. 149 ;
Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1088; Wood, Natal Pl. t. 71 ; Pax
in Engl. Pflanzenr. Euphorb. Jatroph. 62, fig. 24.
eae oe
Jatropha. | EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). 425
Var. 8, glabrescens (Prain); stems as in the type; leaves as in the type but
less pubescent when young, nearly glabrous when fully developed ; ovary
sparingly pubescent ; capsule quite glabrous. J. glabrescens, Pax & K. Hoffm. 1.¢.
Var. ¥, oblongifolia (Prain) ; stems up to 1 ft. high, densely hirsute through-
out ; leaves oblong, 3-5 in. long, 14-2 in. wide, with pubescence as in the type ;
ovary hirsute ; cocci hirsute.
KatanaRi REGIon: var. y: Transvaal ; Lydenburg Distr., Doorn Hoek, 4300 ft.,
ee ey 7275! Witklip, 5800 ft., Burtt-Davy, 7257 ! Swaziland ; Miss Stewart,
72!
Eastern Recion: Natal; near Umlaas River, Krauss, 364! near Durban,
Gueinzius, 12! Sanderson, 13! Schlechter, 3023 partly! near Maritzburg, Wilms,
2164! Camperdown, Rehmann, 7813! Inanda, Rehmann, 8346 partly! Var. B:
Natal; Clairmont, Wood, 4656! 5795! 6518! Inanda, Wood, 211! Rehmann,
8346 mainly! near Durban, Schlechter, 3023 partly! Gerrard, 381!
_ The difference between J. hirsuta, Hochst., and J. glabrescens, Pax & K. Hoffm.,
18 confined to the degree of pubescence. The variety here distinguished as var.
oblongifolia is as regards shape of leaves indistinguishable from J. latifolia, Pax,
but the leaves and stems are even more hirsute than in J. hirsuta, Hochst. The
8 eam gathering of J. hirsuta (Krauss, 364) includes both the type and var.
glabrescens.
9. J. Woodii (O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. iii. ii. 287) ; herb up to
1} ft. high; rootstock stout, perennial; stems leafy, sparingly
branched, rather densely hirsute with spreading hairs ; leaves sessile,
rather soft, usually pinnately 5-7-lobed, rarely almost entire, base
rather narrow-cuneate, lobes entire, acute, margin glandular-setulose,
sete rather long, 24-4 in. long, 3-5 in. across, lobes }-2 in. long,
4-4 in. wide, densely hirsute, especially on the nerves on both sur-
faces, nerves underneath prominent; stipules dissected, lobules
glanduliform, ,!, in. long ; cymes rather lax, usually many-flowered,
hardly overtopping the leaves ; peduncles !—1} in. long, very densely
hirsute with white soft spreading hairs; primary branches }~$ in.
long, densely and softly hirsute ; bracts linear-lanceolate, } in. long
or less, margins glandular-ciliate ; male sepals narrow-lanceolate,
softly hirsute with white hairs externally, glabrous within, margins
glandular-setulose, } in. long; petals oblong, obtuse, silky outside,
3 in. long, slightly united at the base ; disc-glands free ; stamens 8,
2-seriate, united in a column for over three-fourths of their length ;
female sepals like the male ; petals as in the male but free at the
base, nearly } in. long; hypogynous glands free; ovary densely
hirsute ; styles 3, 2-lobed at the apex ; capsule oblong, slightly
3-dymous, % in. long, § in. wide, pubescent ; seeds narrow oblong,
3 in. long, } in. wide. J. Woodii, var. Kuntzei, Pax in Engl.
Pflanzenr. Euphorb. Jatroph. 66, excl. Rehmann, 5333.
Var. B, vestita (Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xliii. 84); herb up to 6 in. high ; stems
and leaves more densely hirsute with soft white hairs; leaves smaller, under 2 in.
long, Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr. Euphorb. Jatroph. 66, fig. 26. J. lanata, Harv.
Mss, in herb. T.C.D.
Eastern Region: Natal; Ladysmith, 3000-4000 ft., Kuntze! Wood, 4242!
iggarsberg, Rehmann, 7104! Var. 8: Natal; Ladysmith, Hngler, 2725! and
Without precise locality, Gerrard, 14! 656 !
426 EUPHORBIACE4 (Prain). [ Jatropha.
The variety here recognised is probably not a valid one ; it may be only a dwarf
condition or a young state, or both, of the typical plant. Pax states that the
leaves of his variety, besides being smaller than in the type, are sometimes entire
or subentire or little lobed. This is true, but the circumstance does not afford a
distinctive character, for the same thing is true of the leaves in some of the
Biggarsberg specimens of the type collected by Rehmann (7004 only, not 5333,
which, as Pax elsewhere correctly states, is J. Zeyheri). The species is very closely
allied to J. Zeyheri and appears to be the representative of J. Zeyheri to the south
of the Drakensberg ; it is, however, readily distinguished by the more completely
monadelphous stamens and by the distinctly adherent male petals. The character
- based on the venation of the leaves, pinnate in J. Woodii, palmate in J. Zeyher,
relied on by Kuntze and accepted by Pax, although roughly useful, does not always
hold good in distinguishing the two species.
10. J. Zeyheri (Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 117) ; herb up to 1} ft.
high ; rootstock stout, perennial ; stems leafy, sparingly branched,
sparingly hirsute with spreading hairs ; leaves sessile or very shortly
petioled, firm, rather variable, spuriously palmately 3—5-lobed, base
wide-cuneate, lobes more or less runcinately lobulate, acute, margin
with short glandular cilie, 24-4 in. long, 3-5 in. across, lobes
1}-3 in. long, }-} in. wide, more_or less pilose on the nerves,
especially beneath, nerves underneath prominent ; petiole not
exceeding } in. in length ; stipules dissected, lobules glanduliferous,
79 in. long ; cymes rather lax, usually many-flowered, hardly over-
topping the leaves; peduncles 1-1} in. long, softly pubescent;
primary branches }—} in. long, softly pubescent ; bracts linear-
lanceolate, } in. long or less, margin glandular-ciliate ; male sepals
narrow lanceolate, margin glandular-ciliate, } in. long; petals
yellow, silky outside, spathulate-lanceolate, } in. long; disc-glands
free ; stamens 8, 2-seriate, shortly monadelphous ; female sepals like
the male but } in. long; petals like the male but } in. long;
hypogynous glands free ; ovary densely hirsute ; styles 3, 2-lobed at
the apex ; capsule oblong, slightly 3-dymous, } in. long, 4 in. wide,
pubescent ; seeds narrow-oblong, } in. long, } in. wide. Baill.
Adansonia, iii. 149 ; Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1088 ; Pax in
Engl. Pflanzenr. Euphorb. Jatroph. 68.
_ Var. 8, platyphylla (Pax l.c. 68) ; lobes of leaves rather shorter and broader,
little if at all lacinulate, otherwise as in the type J. Woodii, Pax Ic. 66, a8
"orgs 5333 only ; not of O. Kuntze. J. brachyadenia, Pax & K. Hoffm.t.c. 66,
partly.
Var. 7, subsimplex (Prain) ; leaves at least some, occasionally almost all entire,
ovate or ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, acute, the others more or less 3-lobed,
asin the type. J. brachyadenia, Pax & K. Hoffm. l.c. 66, partly.
Katanart Recton: Orange River Colony ; Witteberg Range, Mrs. Bowker, 657!
Bechuanaland ; between Mafeking and Ramoutss, Lugard! Doornbult, Burtt-
Davy, 10975 ! Transvaal ; Mooi River, Burke, 183! Zeyher, 1515! Magaliesberg
Range, Burke! Zeyher! Moord Drift, Miss Leendertz, 2208! Potwieters Rust,
Miss Leendertz, 12171 Rogers, 2383! 2503! Waterval, Miss Leendertz, 822! Groot
Letaba, Swierstra, 2184! Var, 8: Transvaal; Klippan, Rehmann, 5333! neat
Nylstroom, Burtt-Davy, 2117! near Eerstelling Goldfields, elson, 872! Harte-
_beeste Fontein, Nelson, 119! Shilouvane, Junod, 747 partly! Var. y: Trams-
val ; Shilouvane, Junod, 747 partly! Potgieters Rust, Rogers, 2501! Pangkop
, Burtt-Davy, 7046! Warmbath, Bolus, 12297! Burtt-Davy, 2635! 7062!
Rogers, 1529! near Nylstroom, Burtt-Davy, 2116!
Jatropha. | EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). 427
It is probable that further field study may show that neither of the proposed
varieties is valid. The original specimens of Junod, 747, on which J. brachy-
adenia, Pax & K. Hoffm., is based, belong in some cases to var. platyphylla, Pax,
and Nelson, 119, shows the same transition. At the same time, the distinction
between var. platyphylla, the type of which Pax has referred to J. Woodii as well
as to J. Zeyheri, is quite arbitrary, and the truth appears to be that, exactly as in
J. Woodii and in J. natalensis, there is in J. Zeyheri every transition from a
lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate or ovate entire leaf to a lyrate- or runcinate-
pinnatifid one.
ll. J. Schlechteri (Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 24); herb up to
1} ft. high; rootstock stout, perennial; stems leafy, sparingly
branched, sparingly hirsute with spreading hairs ; leaves distinctly
petioled, firm, spuriously palmately to distinctly pinnately 3—7-
lobed, base wide-cuneate, lobes more or less runcinately lobulate,
obtuse, margin denticulate, the teeth triangular and each with
a short glandular apical seta, 24-4 in, long, 2-3 in. across, lobes
7-1} in. long, }—3 in. wide, more or less pilose on the nerves
especially beneath, nerves underneath prominent; petiole }-1 in.
long ; stipules dissected, lobules glanduliferous, 4 in. long; cymes
rather lax, usually many-flowered, considerably overtopping the
leaves ; peduncles 1-1} in. long, softly pubescent ; primary branches
3-2 in. long, softly pubescent ; bracts linear-lanceolate, { in. long or
less, margin glandular-ciliate ; male sepals narrow lanceolate, margins
glandular-ciliate, } in. long ; petals spathulate-lanceolate, glabrous,
% in. long ; disc-glands free ; stamens 8, 2-seriate, shortly
monadelphous; female sepals like the male but } in. long ;
petals like the male but 1 in. long; hypogynous glands free ;
ovary densely hirsute; styles 3, 2-lobed at the apex ; capsule
oblong, slightly 3-dymous, } in. long, } in. wide, pubescent ; seeds
narrow-oblong, 3 in. long, 1 in. wide. Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr.
Euphorb. Jatroph. 67.
Katanari REcion : Transvaal ; Komati Poort, 1000 ft., Schlechter, 11799!
Closely resembling J. Zeyheri, Sond., J. Schlechteri is easily distinguished by its
uniformly petioled leaves with obtuse denticulate lobes and lobules, by its laxer
cymes with smaller flowers and by its glabrous petals.
XXI. CLUYTIA, Linn.
Flowers dicecious, very rarely moncecious ; petals present in both
sexes; disc of free lobulate glands at base of the sepals in both
sexes or very rarely in male flowers only. Male: Sepals 5, imbri-
cate. Petals usually almost as long as sepals, clawed, with one or
More glands at the base within. Stamens 5; filaments connate
around and supporting a dilated rudimentary ovary ; anthers short,
dorsifixed ; dehiscence longitudinal. Female : Sepals 5, imbricate.
Petals as in male. Ovary 3-celled ; ovules solitary in each cell ;
428 EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). [ Cluytia.
styles free or shortly connate at the base, 2-fid or 2-lobed. Capsule
small, subglobose, breaking up septicidally into 3 entire or 2-fid
valves ; septa thin, free or adnate to the columella. Seeds ovoid,
carunculate ; testa crustaceous, black and shining ; albumen fleshy ;
cotyledons broad, flat.
Shrubs or undershrubs, Leaves alternate, entire, usually small. — Flowers
small; male pedicelled in axillary fascicles; female with longer pedicels and
often solitary.
Distr. Species about 60, 20 of them in Tropical Africa.
*Petals of male flowers each 1—2-glandular ; glands usually
adnate to claw, occasionally free from the petal and
arising from the fundus of the calyx :
tLeaves sessile or subsessile, rarely (pterogona, impedita)
pellucid-punctate :
Leaves with margin involute, glabrous; ovary
glabrous :
Twigs puberulous ; leaves 3-4 times as long as
broad... ee Ae ee a ... (1) ericoides.
Twigs glabrous ; leaves less than twice as long as
Leaves with margin either flat or revolute :
Leaves pubescent ; ovary tomentose :
Petals of female fiower glandular at base, like
the male;
Leaves small, hardly longer than broad _—.... (3) tomentosa.
Leaves medium-sized, twice as long as broad (4) marginata.
Petals of female flower eglandular :
Leaf-margin quite flat ... se ae ... (5) sericea.
Leaf-margin more or less revolute :
Leaves 1-3 in. long, slightly revolute ... (6) Katharine.
Leaves 4-1 in. long, usually much revolute (7) pubescens.
Leaves glabrous ; ovary glabrous :
Stems and twigs winged ; wings membranous,
erose-denticulate ; leaves pellucid-punctate (8 ) pterogona.
Stems and twigs cylindric, or if fluted the
ridges or wings coriaceous and quite entire :
{Leaves opaque:
Leaf-margin quite smooth or very faintly
scabrous :
Leaf-margin usually very markedly revo-
tute; 0 .
Leaves 3-3 in. long ju. ee ee (9) PO
Leaves $-} in. long sce aes. (es (10). breeiioia.
Leaf-margin usually quite or nearly flat :
Stems simple or subsimple, several from
@ woody base... _ ..» sc ... (11) virgata.
Stems copiously branching ese oes (12) axa.
Leaf-margin distinctly finely denticulate
scabrous :
Leaf-margin more or less revolute :
Leaves rather large, $14 in. long:
Leaves obovate-oblong, 4-3 in. wide... (13) africana.
Cluytia. | EUPHORBIACE& (Prain).
Leaves lanceolate to obovate-lanceolate,
429
4-1 in. wide ses eee wee (14) Alaternoides,
Leaves very small, obovate-oblong, ! in.
long, =, in. wide... a .. (15) imbricata.
Leaf-margin flat :
Internodes much shorter than the close-
set leaves... oe ve ... (16) rubricaulis.
Internodes about as long as the leaves ... (17) ovalis.
tiLeaves Se naleeormiated their — anite
flat . (18) impedita.
ttLeaves distinctly pétioled« ovary isieena
Leaf-margin more or less revolute ; ; stems ahhh ;
leaves pellucid-punctate .. mh aes - (19) alpina, °
Leaf-margin flat ; stems peer
Leaves pellucid-punctate :
Capsule smooth ; twigs and leaves glabrous °,,. (20) glabrescens.
Capsule warted-punctate :
Twigs and leaves at first somewhat pubescent,
at length glabrous : :
Petiole 4 in. long or shorter; twigs and ue
leaves not verrucose ... ost . (21) Galpini.
Petiole 4 in. long or longer ; twigs and leaves
. -verrucose es 45% 4 . (22) pulchella.
Twigs and leaves beneath persistently velvety:
pubescent .. sad at . (23) mollis.
Leaves not pellucid-ponetate, more or jo pe
scent —... ay “s “as . (24) affinis.
*Petals of male flowers sack a ep eae AV : eee
very rarely adnate to claw, usually free from the petal
and scattered over fundus of calyx :
Snyper pellucid-punctate :
eaf-margin flat; stems —— branchee ;
ovary glabrous a ‘ oe ra (25) natalensis.
Leaf-margin slightly eiithe
Stems considerably branched :
Ovary glabrous :
Leaves obtuse sus Hk we ... (26) platyphylla.
Leaves acute or shortly acuminate ... ... (27) dregeana,
Ovary pubescent ... Siu fee sek .» (28) hirsuta.
Stems simple or slightly branched, several ‘oct a
woody base :
Fruiting pedicel several times longer than the
capsule; venation of leaves not raised
beneath ; ovary usually more or less hirsute (29) disceptata.
Fruiting pedicel not or only slightly longer than
the capsule ; ovary always quite glabrous :
Venation of leaves not raised beneath : ;
Leaves cuneate or rounded at the base... (30) monticola.
Leaves all subcordate at the base ... . (31) cordata,
Venation of leaves distinctly raised beneath ;
te, lower subcordate at
a Aeneid gamit ‘ oe vee (32) heterophylla.
_ ttLeaves not pellucid-punctate ; ovary glabrous :
sy Dadi ers og 4-5 ti long
ves distinct] tio imes as long
broad ; tried tales 4 sharply log et . 33) daphnoides.
430 EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). [Cluytia.
Leaves sessile or nearly so, 14-2 times as long as
broad ; twigs subcylindric :
Stems prostrate ; twigs finely pubescent ; leaves
glabrous except for a few hairs along midrib
above ... tee ae aes veg ... (84) vaccinioides.
Stems erect :
Twigs and leaves finely pubescent... ... (835) Thunbergii.
Twigs and leaves quite glabrous “ee ... (36) crassifolia.
Leaves polished, their margin revolute; all parts
glabrous : : ote be ... (37) polygonoides.
1, C. ericoides (Thunb. Prodr. 53 [Clutia]); an undershrub,
1-2 ft. high; branches stoutish, again branching, twigs spreading,
puberulous; leaves sessile, coriaceous, opaque, linear-lanceolate,
acute, base cuneate, margin involute, }—} in. long, ,!, in. wide, erect,
subimbricate, shining, quite glabrous, convex below and concave
above ; flowers dicecious, male usually in pairs, female solitary from
perulate axillary swellings, scales numerous, dark-brown ; pedicels
shorter than the calyx, puberulous ; male sepals oblong or ovate,
obtuse, with a large 1—3-lobate basal gland ; petals cuneate-obovate,
clawed, with a solitary small gland ; rudimentary ovary very short,
rounded, glabrous; female sepals narrower and larger than the
male, with usually an entire basal gland; petals as in male, but
eglandular ; ovary glabrous; styles free, 2-partite; capsule } in.
across, Subglobose, smooth; seed black, shining. Willd. Sp. Pl. iv.
880; Pers. Syn. ii. 636; Poir. Encyc. Suppl. ii. 303; Thunb. Fl.
Cap. ed. Schult. 270; Spreng. Syst. iii. 48 ; E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei
Pfl. Documente, 174, partly; Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 121, partly ;
Dietr. Syn. v. 455 ; Baill. Adansonia, iii. 151, partly ; Mill. Arg. in
DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1055, partly and exel. cit. Bot. Reg. ; Pax in Engl.
Pflanzenr. Euphorb. Cluyt. 81, partly and as to fig. 19 H, J only, and
excl, cit. Bot. Reg. ; Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913,384. (C. ericoides,
var. minor, Krauss in Flora, 1845, 82.
Var. 8, pachyphylla (Prain, l.c. 385); undershrub, 1-2 ft. high; branches
stout, simple or sparingly branched; when branched, branchlets ascending, twigs
puberulous ; leaves} narrowly ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, base wide
cuneate, 3-3 in. long, $-4 in. wide, more or less convex below, usually concave,
but at times flat, except for the involute margin above. C. ericoides, E. Meyer,
lc. partly ; Sond. l.c. partly ; Baill. l.c. partly ; Miill. Arg. lc. partly; Pax Le.
as to fig. 26 A-E only ; hardly of Thunb. C. ambigua, Pax & K. Hoffm. l.c. 82—
the state with leaves flat above. C. pachyphylla, Spreng. Mss. in sched. Zeyh.
Var. +, tenuis (Sond. I.c. 122); an undershrub, 1-2 ft. high; stems slender ;
branches rather numerous, very slender, fastigiate, twigs puberulous ; leaves
linear, 3-3 in. long, J, in. wide, convex below, usually concave but occasionally
flat except for the involute margin above. Baill. l.c. 151; Prain, l.c. 385. C.
tenuifolia, Willd. lc. ; Pers. l.c.; Poir. l.c. 302; Spreng. Syst. iii. 49; Dietr.
Syn. v. 455; Baill, lc. 152; Mill. Arg. Le.; Pax le. C. ericoides, Ait. Hort.
Kew. ed. 2, v. 423; Edw. Bot. Reg. t. 779, excl. syn. Thunb. and Willd. ; Sond.
Lec. partly, as to ‘ Knoblauch’ loc. only ; Miill. Arg. l.c. as to Bot. Reg. cit.; Pax
Le, as to Bot. Reg. cit. ; not of Thunb. C. gracilis, Baill, lc. 151.
Cluytia. | EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). 431
Soury Arrica: Var. y, without locality, Miss Cole! and cultivated specimens !
Coast Recion: Piquetberg Div.; Mount Congo, Mund & Maire ! Malmesbury
Div. ; near Hopefield, Bachmann, 1933! 1934! 1935! 1936! Worcester Div. ;
Hex River Mountains, 2000-3000 ft., Drége, 262! Cape Div. ; various locali-
ties, Thunberg! Hesse! Oldenburg! Lichtenstein! Drége, 8232 a partly! and d!
Krebs! Diimmer, 71 a partly! Ecklon! Wolley-Dod, 2661! Burchell, 965! Ecklon!
Ecklon & Zeyher! Stellenbosch Div. ; Lowrys Pass, 400 ft., Schlechter, 7814
partly! Caledon Div. ; near Genadendal, Burchell, 7677 mainly! Bolus, 7425 !
Klein River Mountains, 1000-3000 ft., Heklon & Zeyher, 58 partly ! Grabouw,
Palmiet River, Guthrie, 3819! Swellendam Div.; near Swellendam, Bovie !
Riversdale Div. ; Zandhoogde, Muir, 299 (Galpin, 5334)! George Div. ; Cra-
docks Pass, Prior ! Outeniqua Mountains, Arauss, 1716! Knysna Div. ; between
Groene Valley and Zwart Valley, Burchell, 5675! Uitenhage Div. ; Van Stadens-
berg, Ecklon & Zeyher, 57! Scott Elliot, 309 partly ! Winterhoek, Krauss, 1717 !
Port Elizabeth Div.; Cockscomb, Mrs. Paterson, 2047! Albany Div. ; near
Grahamstown, Hutton! Coldspring, Glass, 365! Var. 8: Cape Div. ; various
localities, Bergius! Miss Cole ! Roxburgh! Burchell, 966! 8426! 8482! Harvey,
5840! Rehmann, 975! 2198! Drége! Ecklon, 115! 200! Prior! Andersson!
Diimmer, 71 a partly ! 1282! Zeyher, 3827 partly ! Schlechter, 770! Wolley-Dod,
1109! 2480! 2518! Robertson! Stellenbosch Div. ; Lowrys Pass, 400 ft.,
Burchell, 82791 Schlechter, 7814 partly! 7815! Hottentots Holland, Ecklon,
944! Ecklon & Zeyher, 50! Zeyher, 3827 partly! Uitenhage Div. ; between
Maitland and Van Stadens River, Burchell, 4628 ! Van Stadensberg, Drége, 8232 e!
Ecklon & Zeyher, 57 partly! Scott Elliot, 309 partly! Var. y: Cape Div. ; near
Cape Town, Roxburgh! Masson! Caledon Div.; Baviaans Kloof near Gena-
dendal, Burchell, 7677 partly! Knoflooks Kraal, Ecklon & Zeyher, 56! Klein
River Mountains, 1000-3000 ft., Ecklon & Zeyher, 58 mainly! Swellendam Div. :
Sparrbosch, Dréye, 8231! Puspas Valley and Voormansbosch, Ecklon & Zeyher,
65! by the River Zonder Einde, Zeyher, 3826! near Swellendam, Bowie! Bolus,
Herb. Norm. Austr.-Afr. 1365! Riversdale Div. ; Garcias Pass, 1000-1400 ft.,
Bolus! Schlechter, 2198 ! Galpin, 4570! Kleinberg, Muir, 501!
Centrat Recion: Prince Albert Div. ; Zwartberg, near Vrolyk, 3000-4000 ft.,
Drége, 8232 f (fide Sonder).
2. C. nana (Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 386); a dwarf under-
shrub, 3-4 in. high; branches stout, again intricately branching,
twigs quite glabrous ; leaves sessile, coriaceous, ovate, acute, base
rounded, margin involute, very closely imbricate, } in. long, ;\; in.
Wide, convex subcarinate below, deep concave above, quite glabrous ;
flowers diccious, male solitary ; female not seen; pedicels very
Short, glabrous; male sepals ovate, cucullate, obtuse, with a large
4lobate basal gland ; petals ovate, obtuse, clawed, with a solitary
small gland at the junction of the lamina and claw ; rudimentary
Ovary very short, rounded, glabrous. }
Katanarr REcIon : Orange River Colony; Mont aux Sources, 10,000 ft.,
Mann in Herb, Marloth, 2870 !
3. C. tomentosa (Linn. Mant. Alt. 299 [Clutia]) ; a shrub, 2-4 ft.
high ; twigs fastigiate, cylindric, densely grey-tomentose ; leaves
coriaceous, sessile or nearly so, elliptic or oblong or orbicular, usually
obtuse, base rounded, margin flat, ascending and often imbricate,
in. long, }—1 in. wide, densely grey-pubescent on both surfaces ;
flowers dicecious, white, male usually, female almost always solitary
in the leaf-axils; pedicels short, pubescent; male sepals densely
432 EUPHORBIACEA (Prain). [ Cluytia,
pubescent, narrow-obovate, } in. long, with a 3-5-lobate basal
seale ; petals shortly clawed, rounded ovate, as long as the calyx,
hairy externally, with an undivided basal gland; rudimentary
ovary dilated at the tip, glabrous; female sepals ovate-oblong, with
an undivided basal scale; petals rather longer than the calyx,
linear-oblong, tomentose externally, with a 2-lobed basal scale;
ovary tomentose ; styles short, 2-fid ; capsule 4 in. long, nearly as
broad, densely woolly pubescent ; seeds black, shining. Lam.
Encyel. ii. 54; Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 881, excl. syn. Thunb. ; Pers. Syn. ii.
636; Spreng. Syst. iti. 49; Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 131; Dietr.
Syn. v. 455; Baill. Ftud. Gén. Euphord. 331, t. 16, figs. 20, 21, and
in Adansonia, iii. 152; Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1053, inel.
var. elliptica ; Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr. Euphorb. Cluyt. 76, incl. var.
elliptica wholly and var. marginata partly ; Prain in Kew Bulletin,
1913, 386. C. marginata, E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente,
174, b only ; Sond. in Linnxa, xxiii. 130, partly and as to Drége’s
Swellendam plant only. Penzea tomentosa, Thunb, Prodr, 30, and
Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 150. Geissoloma tomentosum, Juss. in Ann. Se.
Nat. 3me sér. vi. 27.
SourH AFrrica: without locality, Zulbagh, 129 in Herb. Linnexus! Herb.
Willdenow, 18600! Thunberg! Lichtenstein ! Thom, 300!
Coast Recion: Caledon Div. ; northern slopes of the Klein River Mts., 1000-
2000 ft., Ecklon! Ecklon & Zeyher, 66! Zeyher, 3825! between Bontjes Kraal
and Zwarteberg, Ecklon & Zeyher, 55! between Babylons Tower and Caledon,
Ecklon & Zeyher! Bredasdorp Div.; by the Kars River, Ecklon & Zeyher! near
Elim, Schlechter, 7646! Bolus, 7870! Swellendam Div. ; Hills near Swellendam,
Burchell, 7437! Niven! MacOwan, 1994! Kennedy! between Swellendam and
Breede River, Burchell, 7444 ! Bowie! between Sparrbosch and Tradouw, Drége!
4, C, marginata (E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 174 ;
a only: name) ; a shrub 3-4 ft. high ; twigs spreading, angular,
densely grey-tomentose ; leaves firmly papery, shortly petioled,
obovate, acute, base gradually cuneate, margin flat, spreading,
not imbricate, $-1 in. long, }-1 in. wide, densely grey-pubescent
on both surfaces ; petiole +',—;5 in. long ; flowers dicecious, white,
male usually 1-3, female solitary in the leaf-axils ; pedicels short,
hoary pubescent; male sepals densely pubescent, ovate-oblong,
1 in. long, with a 7-9-lobate basal scale; petals distinctly
clawed, rhomboid, sparingly hairy externally, with a minute
gland; rudimentary ovary cylindric, sparingly hairy throughout ;
female sepals ovate-oblong, with a simple basal scale; petals
as long as calyx, oblong, pubescent externally, with a 2-lobed
basal scale; ovary tomentose ; styles short, 2-fid; capsule } in.
long, nearly as broad, rather sparingly shortly tomentose ; seeds
black, shining. Sond. in Linnwa, xxiii. 130, mainly, but excl. Drége’s
Swellendam plant; Baill, Adansonia, iii. 152; Prain in Kew
Bulletin, 1913, 388. C-. tomentosa, var. marginata, Mill. Arg. in DC. ,
Prodr, xv. ii. 1053, wholly ; Pas in Engl. Pfllanzenr. Euphorb. Cluyt.,
76, partly. C. incanescens, Hort. ex Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 355-
SourH Arrica: cultivated specimens !
Cluytia. | EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). 433
Coast REaion: Ladismith Div. ; Kannaland, between Cogmans Kloof and the
Gouritz River, Ecklon & Zeyher, 67! George Div. ; Montagu, Marloth, 2831!
Albany Div. ; without precise locality, Bowie !
CentRAL Rxcion: Graaf Reinet Div. ; near Graaf Reinet, Bowie! Beaufort
West Div. ; Nieuwevelds Range near Beaufort West, 3000-5000 ft., Drége, a!
The specimens collected by Marloth in 1903 agree well with those of Ecklon and
Zeyher from Kannaland,and those of Drége from Beaufort West. Specimens
ned at Berlin from seed of Marloth 2831 agree exactly with (’. incanescens,
ort. Kew.
5. C. sericea (Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1053) ; a shrublet,
3-1 ft. high, much branched ; twigs fastigiate, silvery-silky ; leaves
sessile, firmly membranous, lanceolate, acuminate, narrowed to the
base, margin flat, close set and subimbricately spreading, }—2 in.
long, 1-1 in. wide, densely shining silvery silky on both faces ;
flowers diccious, whitish ; male as well as female usually solitary
in the leaf-axils ; pedicels short, silky ; male sepals densely silky,
narrow-ovate, 1} in. long, with a 5-lobed basal scale ; petals clawed,
rounded-obovate, shorter than the calyx, glabrous, with a 2-lobed
basal scale; rudimentary ovary silky at the base; female sepals
oblong-ovate, acute, } in. long, with a simple basal scale ; petals
without a basal scale, silky externally ; ovary densely tomentose ;
styles short, 2-fid; seeds nearly black, shining. Pax in Engl.
Pflanzenr. Euphorb. Cluyt. 75, fig. 24 A; Prain in Kew Bulletin,
1913, 389.
Coast Recon: Malmesbury Div. ; Groene Berg, Mund & Maire, 28! Malmes-
bury, Keéssner !
6. C. Katharine (Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr. Euphorb. Cluyt. 58) ;
a shrub, 3-5 ft. high ; twigs softly silky with spreading hairs ; leaves
sessile or nearly so, membranous, lanceolate, somewhat blunt,
gradually narrowed to the base, margin slightly revolute, 1-3 in.
long, 1-1 in. wide, when young closely white silky with longish
adpressed hairs, at length somewhat glabrescent ; flowers dicecious,
White, male usually in pairs, female usually solitary ; pedicels in
both sexes very short ; male sepals oblong, silky, with a 3—4-partite
basal scale ; petals rhomboid, acute, glabrous, long-clawed, about as
long as the sepals, with a minute simple basal scale ; rudimentary
ovary narrow, glabrous ; female sepals wide-ovate, acute, silky, with
a 2-5-lobed basal scale ; petals oblong, acute, shorter than the sepals,
sparingly hairy or glabrous, without a basal scale ; ovary densely
silky ; styles free, glabrous, shortly 2-fid; capsule } im. across,
_Subglobose, densely silky-velvety ; seeds brownish-black, shining.
Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 389. C. sericea, Harv. Mss. in T.C_D. ;
not of Mill. Arg.
Coast RE : iv. ; Elands , Cooper, 264! 265!
TERN mac? Pamans: Wisi Potions Sutherland! Griqualand East ;
Mount Currie, 5200 ft., Tyson, 1321! Natal; Drakensberg Range, 4000-6000 ft.,
Sutherland ! Polela and summit of Mahwaga, 6000-7000 ft., Evans, 522!
7. C. pubescens (Thunb. Prodr. 53 [Clutia}); a shrublet, usually
FL. C.—VOL. V.—SECT. II. 2F
434 EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). | Cluytia.
4-1 ft. high’; twigs pubescent ; leaves sessile or nearly so, firmly
membranous, lanceolate or linear or sometimes low down on the
stem ovate or oyate-lanceolate, somewhat blunt, narrowed to the
base, margin ‘usually distinctly revolute, }—} (rarely 1—1}) in. long,
4-1} (rarely 1-1): in. wide, pubescent on both surfaces especially
when young, occasionally at length glabrescent; flowers dicecious,
white or reddish, male from 1-4, female solitary; pedicels in male
equalling, in female rather shorter than the calyx; male sepals
densely pubescent, narrow-obovate, with a 3-partite basal scale ;
petals narrow-obovate, glabrous, about as long as the sepals,
I-glandular at the base; rudimentary ovary very short, glabrous ;
female sepals lanceolate, obtuse, with a usually 3-partite but
often 4-partite, occasionally 5-partite basal scale; petals narrow-
obovate, almost as long as the sepals, slightly hairy or glabrous,
without a‘basal scale ; ovary densely pubescent ; styles free, glabrous,
2-fid ; capsule } in. across, subglobose, densely pilose ; seeds brownish-
black, shining. Thunb. Fl. Cap. ed. Schult, 270 ; Krauss in Flora,
1845, 82; Sond.'in Linnea, xxiii. 124, incl. var, B glabrata; Baill.
in Adansonia, iii. 152, incl. var. B glabrata ; Miill. Arg. DC. Prodr.
xv. ii. 1053; Paw in Engl. Pflanzenr. Euphorb. Cluyt. 80 ; Prain in
Kew Bulletin} 1915, 389. C. acuminata, E. Meyer in Drége Zwei Pfl.
Documente 174, partly and as to letter b only; not of Linn. f. nor
of Thunb. C. humilis, Bernh. ex Krauss l.c. 81. C. eckloniana, Mill.
Arg. lc. 1054. C. Rustii, Knauf, Geogr. Verbr. Cluytia, 49, 54.
C. glabrata, Pax lc. C. intertexta, Pax lc. OO. fallacina, Pax l.c.
Coast Recion: Van Rhynsdorp Div.; Gift Berg, Phillips, 7393! Piquetberg
Div. ; Nieuweland,. Zeyher, 3823 partly ! Piqueniers Kloof, 2000 ft., Schlechter,
7958! 7959! Tulbagh Div.; near Tulbagh Waterfall, 1000-2000 ft., Ecklon &
Zeyher, 56! .Paarl Div. ; Great Britain Rock, Wilms, 3618! Paarl, Arauss;
Wilms, 3018! Cape Div. ; mountains near Cape Town, Thunberg! Oldenburg!
Roxburgh! ‘Mund & Maire! Bergius! Drege, 209! Elliott! Marloth, 23! Dimmer,
97 c! Ecklon’ &. Zeyher, 60! Harvey! Prior! Pappe! Krauss, 1711! Frimbling,
1358! Wolley-Dod, 2514! Frau Polemann ! Stellenbosch Diy. ; between Stellen-
bosch and Cape Flats, Burchell, 8363! Caledon Div. ; between Bot River and the
Zwart Berg, Ecklon 4: Zeyher, 68! Swellendam Diy. ; near Swellendam ! Bowie!
on the Tradouw’ Berg, Bowie! Riversdale Div.; Riversdale, Rust, 170! George
Div. ; near Geargé, Bowie! Fort Beaufort Div. ; Adelaide, Marloth, 4928 b!
Centrat: Recton: Prince Albert Diy. ; Great Zwart Berg Range, Drége, 8230
partly ! Cradock Div. ; near Mortimer, 2600 ft., Miss Kensit !
8. C. pterogona (Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1048, incl. both
vars.) ; a shrub, 1—3 ft. high, much branched ; twigs spreading, finely
warted, glabrous ; stems, branches and twigs membranously winged ;
wings narrow, finely denticulate and lacerate; leaves subsessile,
firmly membranous, warted, punctate, linear-lanceolate or elliptic-
linear, apex subobtuse or shortly triangular, mucronulate and with
_ the margin denticulate, sometimes flat, at others revolute, narrowed
in the lower fourth to the base, margin except at the apex from
slightly to markedly revolute, hyaline but not denticulate, }—1} i»-
long, ;';-} in. wide, glabrous on both surfaces ; flowers dicecious,
white, male clustered, female paired or solitary ; pedicels in both
Cluytia. | EUPHORBIACE (Prain). 455
sexes shorter than the calyx, glabrous ; male sepals obovate, verrucose-
punctate, margins entire, glabrous, with a 2—3-lobate basal gland ;
petals cuneate-obovate, entire, 2-glandular at the base ; rudimentary
ovary glabrous, cylindric with a much dilated discoid tip; female
sepals ovate-lanceolate, margin denticulate at the apex, glabrous,
with a 2-3-lobate basal gland; petals narrow-obovate, glabrous,
margin denticulate at the apex, eglandular ; ovary glabrous, warted-
punctate ; styles free, 2-fid ; capsule glabrous, warted, } in. across;
seeds black, shining. Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr. Euphorb. Cluyt. 78,
Jig. 26 F, incl. both vars; Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 389. €.
alaternoides, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 879, partly ; not of Linn. C. alater-
noides, y [angustifolia], E. Meyer in Drege, Zwei PA. Documente, 174,
as tob only. C. alaternoides, y lanceolata, BB revoluta, Sond. in
Linnzea, xxiii. 128, in part only and excl. all locs. C. polygonoides,
var. heterophylla, Krauss in Flora, 1845, 82, and var. angustifolia,
rauss l.c.,.as to Cape loc. only ; not C. polygonoides, Linn. — C. poli-
Folia, Sond. l.c, 124; Baill. Adansonia, iii. 151; not of Jacq.
Coast Region : Paarl Div. ; between Paarl Mountain and Paardeberg, under
1000 ft., Drége (C. alaternoides, y angustifolia, b)! Cape Div. ; many localities,
Bergius! Masson! Sieber! Krebs! Lichtenstein! Spielhaus! Mund & Maire!
Ecklon & Zeyher, 62 partly! Krauss! Zeyher, 3823! Harvey! Bolus, 3725!
Schlechter, 1305 ! Wilms, 3616 mainly! 3617! Wolley-Dod, 1729! 1956! 2639!
2744! Diimmer, 1189! 1977!
9. C. polifolia (Jacq. Hort. Schoenbr. ii. 67, t. 250); a shrub, up
to 4 ft. high ; stems slender, woody, much branched ; twigs rather
Spreading, glabrous ; leaves sessile, thinly coriaceous, opaque, lan-
ceolate or linear-lanceolate, obtuse but mucronulate, base cuneate,
margin not scabrous, always revolute, 4-3 in. long, ;'5~1'y in. wide,
quite glabrous on both surfaces, rather pale greyish-green especially
beneath ; internodes faintly angular, under } in. long; flowers
dicecious, white, subsessile, male in 2—3-flowered glomerules, female
solitary ; pedicels slender, glabrous; male sepals oblong-obovate,
obtuse, with 3-4 small basal glands; petals obovate, cuneate and
2-glandular at the base ; rudimentary ovary turbinate, glabrous ;
female sepals ovate-lanceolate, larger than the male, with a large
2—4-lobate basal scale ; petals cuneate-obovate, eglandular; ovary
glabrous ; styles free, 2-fid ; capsule subglobose, } in. across ; seeds
black, shining. Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 2, 880; Pers. Syn. ii. 636 ; Poir.
Encyc. Suppl. ii. 302; Spreng. Syst. iii. 49; Dietr. Syn. v. 455;
Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 390. C. polifolia, a genuina, Miill.
Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1049 ; Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr. Euphorb.
Cluyt. 77. C. acuminata, E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente,
174, letter a only; E. Meyer ex Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 125; not
of Linn. f. nor of Thunb. (. teretifolia, Sond. le. 124 ; Baill. Adan-
sonia, iii. 152. C. polifolia, B teretifolia, Mill. Arg. Lc. ; Pax Le.
C. polifolia, y cinerascens, Mill. Arg. Lc. : Pax lc. C. meyeriana,
Mill. Arg. Ic. 1055 ; Pax lc. 79. C. brevifolia, Sond. L.c., in small
part and as to Drége 8230 only. C. polifolia, 3 brevifolia, Pax lc. 77,
m small part and as to Diels 595. ae
436 EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). [ Cluytia.
SourH AFRICA: cultivated specimens ! eee
Coast Recion: Van Rhynsdorp Div.; Gift Berg, 1000-2000 ft., Phillips,
7390! Western descent from the Bokkeveld, Diels, 595! Clanwillian Div. ; Cedar-
berg Range, on Sneeuw Kop, 4500 ft., Bodkin! Pearson & Pillans, 5825! at
Pakhuis Pass, Bolus, 9089! Oliphant River, Penther, 889! Stormvlei, near
Wupperthal, Leipold, 495! Piquetsberg Div. ! Piqueniers Kloof, 950-1000 ft.,
Schlechter, 4936! 7938! 7939! Malmesbury Div. ; Paardeberg, Ecklon & Zeyher,
61 partly! near Mooreesberg, 500 ft., Bolus, 9980! near Hopefield, Bachmann,
112! Worcester Div. ; Dutoits Kloof, 1000-2000 ft., Drége! Swellendam Div. ;
hills near Riet Kuil, Ecklon & Zeyher, 64! Zeyher, 3835! near Swellendam,
Mund ! Riversdale Div.; Muis Kraal, near Garcias Pass, 1500 ft., Galpin, 4568 !
George Div. ; near George, Mund! Knysna Div.; Plettensbergs Bay, Bowie!
Krebs! Uniondale Div. ; without precise locality, Newdegate, 2463! Uitenhage
Div. ; Van Stadens Berg, Drége, 8234! Port Elizabeth Div. ; Van Stadens
River, Mrs. Paterson, 884 !
Centra Recion: Prince Albert Div. ; Great Zwart Berg Range, Drége, 8230
partly ! at Zwart Berg Pass, 3600 ft., Bolus, 12285!
10, C. brevifolia (Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 125, excl. Drége 8230) ;
a shrub, up to 3 ft. high; stems slender, woody, much branched ;
twigs subfastigiate, glabrous; leaves very shortly petioled, thinly
coriaceous, opaque, linear, obtuse but mucronulate, base cuneate,
margin not scabrous, much revolute, }—} in. long, 5,—;'; in. wide,
quite glabrous on both surfaces, dark green ; internodes faintly
angular, under } in. long; flowers dicecious, white, subsessile, male
in 2-3-flowered glomerules, female solitary; pedicels slender,
glabrous ; male sepals oblong-obovate, obtuse, with a 3—4-lobed basal
scale; petals obovate, cuneate and 2-glandular at the base ; rudi-
mentary ovary turbinate, glabrous ; female sepals ovate-lanceolate,
larger than the male, with a large 2—4-lobate basal scale ; petals
cuneate-obovate, eglandular; ovary glabrous; styles free, 2-fid ;
capsule subglobose, } in. across ; seeds black, shining. Baill. Adan-
sonia, iii. 153, excl. syn. E. Meyer; Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913,
391. C. polifolia, 8 brevifolia, Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1049 ;
Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr. Ewphorb. Cluyt. 77, mainly.
Coast Recion: George Div. ; near George, Bowie! Humansdorp Div. ; Twee-
fontein, Burchell, 4818! Zitzikamma, Ecklon & Zeyher, 61 mainly! Pappe!
Kruisfontein Mountain, 1000 ft., Galpin, 4569! near Humansdorp, Rogers, 2907
partly | Uitenhage Div. ; Van Stadens Berg, Drége, 8237! Zeyher, 374! 3834!
Ecklon & Zeyher, 63! near the Zwartkops River, Ecklon, 601! Zeyher! Port
Elizabeth Div.; Redhouse, Mrs. Paterson, 661! near Port Elizabeth, Prager,
106 b! Mrs. Holland! .
A very distinct plant, considered by Miiller to be a variety of C. polifolia, with a
limited and compact distribution. The localities Grahamstown and Stellenbosch
cited by Sonder are due to a misapprehension as to the provenance of his
specimens; the plants from the Van Rhynsdorp and Clanwilliam divisions
referred here by Pax do not belong.
ll. C. virgata (Pax & K. Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenr. Euphorb.
Cluyt. 71); a small erect shrub, 1-1} ft. high; stems slender,
several from a stout woody rootstock, virgate, simple or sparingly
branched near the top, glabrous; leaves sessile, coriaceous, opaque,
oblong-obovate to obovate-lanceolate, obtuse but mucronulate, base
rounded, margin slightly scabrous, usually flat, 3-1 in. long, }-} 1”
Cluytia. | EUPHORBIACEA: (Prain). 437
wide, quite glabrous on both surfaces, rather dark green above, pale
beneath ; internodes faintly angular, 1-1 in. long; flowers diccious,
greenish-white, pedicelled, male solitary or in pairs, female solitary ;
male sepals obovate, obtuse, with a 3-lobate basal scale ; petals wide-
obovate, cuneately unguiculate, 1-glandular at the base ; rudimentary
ovary turbinate, glabrous; female sepals elliptic-lanceolate, larger
than the male, with a 3-lobate basal -scale; petals oblong-obovate,
eglandular ; ovary glabrous ; styles free, 2-fid; capsule subglobose,
% in. across; seeds black, shining. Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913,
391.
KaLanari Region : Transvaal ; Amsterdam, Buchanan, 2970 ! 3185 ! Barberton,
Thorncroft, 3935! Umlomati Valley, near Barberton, 4000 ft., Galpin, 1368!
Swaziland ; Dalriach, near Mbabane, 4900 ft., Bolus, 12286!
Eastern ReGion : Pondoland ; without precise locality, Bachmann, 782! 809!
Natal; Umgoti, Gerrard! Ingoma, Gerrard, 1163! Klip River, 3500-4500 ft.,
Sutherland !
12. C. laxa (Eckl. ex Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 128) ; a small erect
shrub up to 2 ft. high ; stems slender, woody, much branched ; twigs
rather spreading, glabrous ; leaves sessile, coriaceous, opaque, lanceo-
late, obtuse but mucronulate, base rounded, margin slightly scabrous,
usually flat, 4-} in. long, }-} in. wide, quite glabrous on both
surfaces, rather pale green especially beneath ; internodes faintly
angular, under 1 in. long; flowers dicecious, white, subsessile, male
in few-flowered glomerules, female all solitary, rather densely
agsregated towards end of twigs; male sepals obovate, obtuse,
with a 3-lobate basal scale; petals wide-obovate, cuneately ungui-
culate, 2-glandular at the base; rudimentary ovary turbinate,
glabrous; female sepals elliptic-lanceolate, larger than the male,
with a 3-lobate basal scale; petals oblong-obovate, eglandular ‘
ovary glabrous ; styles free, 2-fid; capsule subglobose, } in. across ;
seeds black, shining. Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 392. C. Alater-
noides, Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1321 ; Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, v. 422, partly ;
not of Linn. C. alaternoides, B intermedia, Sond. l.c., mainly ; Baill.
Adansonia, iii. 150. C. alaternoides, y lanceolata, aa planifolia,
Sond. l.c., excl. syn. Willd. @. alaternoides, ¢ lanceolata, Baill. le. ;
Miill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv.ii. 1048. C. alaternoides, y angustifolia,
1 lanceolata, Paw in Engl. Pflanzenr. Euphorb. Cluyt. 70, fig. 22, B;
not y angustifolia, E. Meyer.
3 : iv i s! :
= Sa cdi : iccul bir: Gerdec Pass, Phillips, 370 ! Oudtshoorn Div. ;
near Oudtshoorn, Miss Britten, 89; Knysna Div. ; near Knysna, ibaeapanc geet
Uitenhage, Ecklon & Zeyher, 42! Elands Kloof, Ecklon! Ecklon & Zeyher, 59!
Port Elizabeth, Bolus, 2243! Mrs. Paterson, 1109! Walmer, Mrs. Paterson, 832!
Albany Div. ; at Soutars Post, Burchell, 3504! Grahamstown, Williamson!
MacOwan, 27! Rogers, 661 3995! Stones Hill, Schinland, 72! Curries Kloof,
_ Schinland, 576! Kabousie, MacOwan, 325! Harveys Post, Galpin, 78 ! Queens-
town Div. ; Hangklip Mountain, 5500-6600 ft., Galpin, 1621! 1622! slg eage
ge, Wyley! Stutterheim Div. ; Fort Cunynghame, Sim, 2180! Komgha Div. ;
near the mouth of the Kei River, 200 ft., Flanagan, 1149! British Kaffraria ;
without precise locality, Cooper, 78! 79!
438 EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). | Cluytia.
KataHaRI Recion: Transvaal; Lydenburg, Wilms, 1318! near Barberton,
3000 ft., Galpin, 934!
Eastern Recion: Transkei; Kentani. 1000 ft., Miss Pegler, 1250! Natal ;
Dumisa, 2500 ft., Rudatis, 679! between Pietermaritzburg and Greytown, Wilms,
2270!
13. C. africana (Poir. Encye. Suppl. ii. 302, syn. Willd. excel.
| Clutia}) ; an undershrub, up to2 ft. high ; stems thick, woody, usually
considerably branched ; twigs ascending, glabrous ; leaves sessile,
thickly coriaceous, opaque, oblong-obovate, obtuse but mucronulate,
base cuneate or less often rounded, occasionally minutely cordate,
margin scabrous and slightly revolute, 14-1 in. long, }—3 in. wide,
quite glabrous on both surfaces, usually drying dark brown ; inter-
nodes }—? in. long: flowers dicecious, yellow, in both sexes solitary,
pedicelled ; pedicels glabrous, } in. long, male slender, female in
fruit rigid and stoutish ; male sepals obovate, obtuse, with a 3-lobate
basal scale ; petals wide-obovate, cuneately unguiculate, 2-glandular
at the base ; rudimentary ovary turbinate, glabrous ; female sepals
elliptic-lanceolate, larger than the male, with a 3-lobate basal scale ;
petals oblong-obovate, eglandular ; ovary glabrous ; styles free, 2-fid ;
capsule subglobose, } in. across, glabrous; seeds black, shining.
Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 393. C. alaternoides, Linn. Sp. Pl.
ed. i. 1042 partly, and ed. ii. 1475 partly and as to syn. Comm. only ;
Lam. Encye. ii. 54 partly and as to syn. Comm. only ; Thunb. Prodr. 53,
and Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 270, mainly; E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pf.
Documente, 174, a, d; Krauss in Flora, 1845, 82. ©. daphnoides,
Willd. Hort. Berol. 52, eael. t..52, and Sp. Pl. iv. ii. 880, excl. syn.
Thunb. ; not of Lam. C. alaternoides, var. major, Krauss l.c. ; Mill.
Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1047 ; Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr. Euphorb.
Cluyt. 68, mainly. C. alaternoides, a latifolia, Sond. in Linnxa,
xxiii, 127, partly; Mill. Arg. Lc. C. floribunda, Baill. Btud. Gén.
Euphorb. Atl. 30, t. xvi. figs. 1-5, fide Pax. C. heterophylla, Baill.
Adansonia, iii. 150, mainly, but excl. syn. Bernh.; not of Thunb.
C. alaternoides, y genuina, b. oblongata, Miill. Arg. l.e., 1048.— Alater-
ety m Sdonaee telephii legitimi imperati folio, Comm. Hort. Amstel.
BS, BS:
Coast Recion: Clanwilliam Div. ; Cedarberg Range, near the Honey Valley
and the Koudeberg, 2800-4000 ft., Drége, 8228 b! Diels, 906! Piquetberg Div. ;
near Piquetberg, Drége, 8228 a! Oliphants River, near Warm Baths, Stephens,
7223 ! ‘Phillips, 7254! Paarl Div. ; Paarl Mountains and by the Berg River near
Paarl, Drége! Cape Div. ; numerous localities, Sparrmann! Thunberg! Bergius!
Mund & Maire! Lichtenstein! Drége, a! Burchell, 260! Ecklon! teklon & Zeyher!
Prior! Pappe! Hooker, 616! Harvey, 24! 112! Wright, 452! Dubuc! Bolus,
4586! Miss Cole! Kehmann, 1394! 2028! Wolley-Dod, 608! 2743 partly! 2799!
Wilms, 3612! Diimmer, 27 ! 97! 1449! 1451! Stellenbosch Div. ; Hottentots
Holland, Mund & Maire!
14. C. Alaternoides (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 1042, excl. syn. Burm. g
and syn. Comm. [Clutia]) ; undershrub up to 2 ft. high ; stems rather
slender, woody, considerably branched; twigs ascending, glabrous;
leaves sessile, coriaceous, opaque, lanceolate or narrowly obovate-
lanceolate, obtuse but mucronulate, base gradually narrowed, margin
Cluytia.| EUPHORBIACES (Prain). 439
finally scabrous and usually distinctly revolute, . 2-14 in. long,
é—$ In. wide, quite glabrous on both surfaces, dark green above,
paler beneath ; internodes faintly angular, }—} in. long; flowers
dieecious, white, pedicelled, male in few-flowered glomerules, female
solitary ; pedicels glabrous, male slender, } in. long, female in fruit
rigid and stoutish, } in. long; male sepals obovate, obtuse, with a
3-lobate basal scale; petals wide-obovate, cuneately unguiculate,
2-glandular at the base; rudimentary ovary turbinate, glabrous ;
female sepals elliptic-lanceolate, larger than the male, with a 3-lobate
basal scale; petals oblong-obovate, eglandular ; ovary glabrous ;
styles free, 2-fid ; capsule subglobose, } in. across ; seeds black, shining.
Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. ii. 1475, eacl. syn. Burm. g and. syn. Comm. ;
Burm. f. Prodr. Fl. Cap. 31 ; Lam. Eneye. ii. 54, excl. syn. Comm.
Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1, iti. 419, and ed. 2, v. 422, partly ; Willd. Hort.
Berol. 50, t. 50, and Sp. Pl. iv. ii. 879, partly; Pers. Syn. ii. 636 ;
Spreng. Syst. iii. 49; E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 174,
as to aa partly and as toc; Dietr. Syn. v. 455; Baill. Adansonia,
ii. 150, as to syn. Willd. ; Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 395. C.
polygalefolia, Salish. Prodr. 390. C. alaternoides, B intermedia,
Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 128, as to syn. Burm., but excl. syn. E.
Meyer. ©. alaternoides, y lanceolata, Sond. l.c,, as to syn. Willd.
but eacl. syn. Bot. Mag. and syn. Eckl. and all specimens. C.
alaternoides, « angustifolia, a longifolia, Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr.
xv. li, 1048; not var. angustifolia, E. Meyer. €. alaternoides,
y angustifolia, 1 lanceolata, Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr. Enphorb. Cluyt.
70, in part only ; not var. angustifolia, E. Meyer, nor var. lanceolata,
Sond. C. angustifolia, Burch. Mss. ; not of Knauf. ii
Var. 8, brevifolia (E. Meyer ex Sond, in Linnea, xxiii. 128) ; a shrub, 6-10 ft.
high ; stems and twigs as in the type ; leaves as in the type, but. never exceeding
in. in length, usually shorter; internodes usually distinctly angular, sometimes
strongly winged. C. alaternoides, Thunb. Prodr. 53, and Fl. Cap. ed. Schult.
270, partly hardly ; of Linn, ; Prain lc. 396. C. alaternoides, B [brevifolia], E.
Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 174, as to a only (name). C, alaternoides,
Y genuina, ¢ brevifolia, Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1048. C. alaternoides,
Y genuina, e imbricata, Mill, Arg. l.c.; Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr, Euphorb, Cluyt.
70. C. alaternoides, B genuina, 3 elliptica, Pax 1.c. partly; not of Miill. Arg.
C. angulata, Burch., and C. myrtifolia, Burch, ex Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 396.
Var. y, angustifolia (E. Meyer ex Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 128, in part only) ;
shrub ; ive and pe as eee leaves not exceeding 4 in. in length, very
distinctly revolute ; internodes distinctly angular or almost winged, but wings not
toothed. Prain, l.c. 396. C. alaternoides, y [angustifolia], EB. Meyer in Drege,
Zwei Pf. Documente, 174, as toaonly. C. alaternoides, ¥ lanceolata, BB revoluta,
Sond. l.c. in part only, C. alaternoides, ¢ angustifolia, ¢ leptophylla, Mill. Arg.
im DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1048 ; Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr. Euphorb. Cluyt. 70.
Sourn Arrica: cultivated specimens ! .
Coast REGION: Ci ites; Div. ; Cedar Berg, near Hennig Vlei, 2800 it.,
Diels, 894! Piquetberg Div. ; Piqueniers Kloof, 1100 ft., Schlechter, 4966 partly!
Worcester Div. ; Dutoits Kloof, 2000-3000 ft., Drége, c! 1836! Paarl Div. ;
Wellington, Miss Doidge! Cape Div. ; various localities, Burmann ! Oldenburg,
296 partly! Elliott! Harvey, 24! Masson! Spielhaus! Rehmann, 1271 mainly !
Mund & Maire! Reeves! Lalande! Prior! Drége, aa! 374! Pappe! Wilms, 3613!
440 EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). | Cluytia.
3616 partly! Burchell, 867! Ecklon! Wolley-Dod, 2743! Caledon Div. ; Cale-
don, 1000-2000 ft., Mund! Zeyher! Spielhaus! Swellendam Div.; near
Swellendam, Bowie! Riversdale Div. ; Platte Kloof, Muir, 468! George Div. ;
near George, Bowie! Rogers, 4295! Knysna Div., Knysna, Newdegate! near
the Goukamma River, Burchell, 5582! Little Homtini River, 250 ft., Schlechter,
5892! Uitenhage Div. ; Van Stadens Berg, Zeyher, 832! Bathurst Div. ; between
Blauw Krantz and Kowie River, Burchell, 3886! between Bushmans River and
the Karuga River, Zeyher! Albany Div. ; near Grahamstown, MacOwan, 27!
Var. 8: Paarl Div. ; Paarl Mountain, 1000-2000 ft., Drége, B a! Cape Div. ;
east side of Table Mt., Roxburgh! Ecklon! Lalande! Stellenbosch Div. ; Stellen-
bosch, Krebs! Hottentots Holland Mountains, Zeyher ! Caledon Div. ; Zwartberg,
1000-2000 ft., Lcklon! Swellendam Div.; near Swellendam, Bowie! Mund &
Maire, 235! George Div. ; George, Bowie! Burchell, 60388! Prior! Rogers, 4295!
Knysna Diy. ; at Knysna, Burchell, 5543! Bowie! Uitenhage Div. ; Van Stadens-
berg, Ecklon! Albany Div.; near Grahamstown, Zeyher, 1019! Scott Elliot,
1029! Var. y: Mossel Bay Div. ; west bank of Great Brak River, Burchell,
6154! Dreifontein, Drége, a!
Eastern Reoion : Transkei ; Kentani, Lobinguba, 1000 ft., Miss Pegler, 1250!
15. C. imbricata (E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 174,
letter a only [name]) ; a small erect shrub, 2 ft. high ; stems slender,
woody, much branched; twigs intricately spreading, glabrous ;
leaves sessile, coriaceous, opaque, obovate-oblong, obtuse but slightly
mucronulate, gradually narrowed to the base, margin slightly
scabrous, somewhat revolute, } in. long, 4, in. wide, quite glabrous,
glaucous on both surfaces ; internodes terete, very short, and leaves
densely imbricate ; flowers dicecious, white, pedicelled, male in few-
flowered glomerules, female solitary ; pedicels glabrous ; male sepals
obovate, obtuse, with a 3-lobate basal scale ; petals wide-obovate,
cuneately unguiculate, 2-glandular at the base ; rudimentary ovary
turbinate, glabrous ; female sepals elliptic-lanceolate, larger than the
male, with a 3-lobate basal scale ; petals oblong-obovate, eglandular ;
ovary glabrous ; styles free, 2-fid; capsule subglobose, } in. across ;
seeds black, shining. Sond. in Linnza, xxiii. 125; Pax in Engl.
Pflanzenr. Euphorb. Cluyt. 83 ; Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 398.
Western Recton; Little Namaqualand; Khamiesberg Range, between Pedros
Kloof and Lelie Fontein, Drége, a! 3030! near summit of Beacon Hill, Pearson,
6710 partly ! near stream in Groene Kloof, Pearson, 6617!
16. C. panelent, (Eckl. ex Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 128) ; a small
shrub up to 2 ft. high; stems firm, woody, considerably branched ;
twigs ascending, glabrous ; leaves sessile, densely imbricate ; coria-
ceous, Opaque, oblong-ovate, obtuse but mucronulate, base rounded
or wide-cuneate, margin scabrous, flat, } in. long, } in. wide, quite
glabrous, glaucous on both surfaces ; internodes terete, very short ;
flowers dicecious, white, pedicelled, male in few-flowered glomerules,
female solitary ; pedicels glabrous, male slender, | in. long, female
in fruit rigid, stoutish, 1-1 in. long; male sepals obovate, obtuse,
with a 3-lobate basal scale ; petals wide-obovate, cuneately unguicu-
late, 2-glandular at the base ; rudimentary ovary turbinate, glabrous ;
female sepals ellipticlanceolate, larger than the male, with a
3-lobate basal scale ; petals oblong-obovate, eglandular ; ovary
Cluytia. | EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). 441
glabrous ; styles free, 2-fid; capsule subglobose, } in. across ; seeds
black, shining. Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 399. @. alaternoides
B [brevifolia], E. Meyer in Drege, Zwei Pf. Documente, 174, letters
¢, d, e, fg; not B brevifolia, E. Meyer ex Sond. C. polygonoides,
Krauss in Flora, 1845, 82 ; not of Linn., nor of Thunb, and hardly of
Willd. or of Sond. . polygonoides, 8 foliis utrinque glaucis, Sond.
lc. ©. glauca, Paw in Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien, xv. 50. C.
alaternoides, 8 microphylla, Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1048,,
partly and as to syn. Eckl. only; Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr. Euphorb.
Cluyt. 70, partly and as to 2, glauca only.
_ Var. 8, microphylla (Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 400) ; prostrate, fastigiately
intricately branching ; leaves as in the type but much smaller, i in. long 44-4 in.
wide. C. alaternoides, var. microphylla, Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii, 1048,
partly ; Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr. 1.c, as to forma typica only, fig. 22. C. alaternoides,
B [brevifolia], E. Meyer in Drége, l.c., letter b only ; not B brevifolia, B. Meyer ex
. C. polygonoides, Sond, lc, ; Baill. Adansonia, iii. 153, excl. syn. Willd. and
Burm. ; not of Linn. and hardly of Willd. or of Krauss. C. gnidioides, Willd., C.
macrophylla, Burch., and C. polygonoides, var. curvata, E. Meyer ex Prain, l.e.
Var. y, grandifolia (Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 400); erect, sparingly
branched ; twigs ascending ; leaves obovate, narrowed to the cuneate base, $-1} in.
long, 4-2 in. wide. C. alaternoides, Thunb. Prodr. 53, and Fl. Cap. ed. Schult.
470, partly; E. Meyer in Drege, Zwei PA. Docwmente, 174, letter b only ; not of
Linn. ©. polygonoides, Willd. Hort, Berol. 51, t. 51, and Sp. Pl. iv. ii, 879 ; Pers.
Syn. ii. 636 ; ‘Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, v. 422; Spreng. Syst. iii. 49; Dietr. Syn. v.
455; Baill. Adansonia, iii. 158, as to syn, Willd. only ; not of Linn. C, polygo-
noides, var. grandifolia, Krauss in Flora, 1845, 82. C. alaternoides, y genutna,
ag Arg. l.c., as to b oblongata and d elliptica only ; Pax l.c. 68, as to 1 grandifolia
only. °
Var. 3, tenuifolia (Prain I.c. 400); érect or prostrate, fastigiately intricately
branching ; leaves lanceolate or linear, acute, base cuneate, }-3 in. long, #,—-§ in.
wide. C. imbricata, E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pjl. Documente, 174 partly and as
to letter b (male) only ; not of EF. Meyer ex Sond. lc. 125. €. tenuifolia, Sond. lc.
123 ; not of Willd. C. alaternoides, ¢ angustifolia, Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr, xv. ii.
1048, as to b brachyphylla only ; Pax l.c. 70, as to b, brachyphylla in part, C. thymi-
Jolia, Willd. Mss. in Herb. Berol.
Sour Arrica: Var. 7, cultivated specimens ! :
Coast Region : Clanwilliam Div. ; Wupperthal, Wurmberg (Drege B, letter e)!
Piquetberg Div. ; Oliphants River Mountains behind Warm Baths, Phillips, 7253!
Tulbagh Div.; New Kloof, Burchell, 1016! Winterhoek Mountain, 3500 ft.,
Bolus, 5356! Saron, 1000 ft., Schlechter! Worcester Div. ;. mountains near
Worcester, Rehmann, 2538 partly! Paarl Div. ; Drakenstein Range, 3000-4000 it.,
Drége B, letter ¢! Cape Div.; various localities, Ecklon, 416! Krebs! Prior!
gius | Sparrmann! Harvey! Drége B, letter d! Stellenbosch Div. ; Stellen-
bosch, Prior! Hottentots Holland Mountain, 1000 ft., Diels, 1310! Caledon
_Div.; Baviaans Kloof near Genadendal, Drége 8, letter £! Ecklon! Caledon,
rior! Houw Hoek, Bolus, 9937 partly! near Greitjesgat, Ecklon ! Riversdale
Div. ; Albertina, Muir! Mossel Bay Div. ; Attaquas Kloof, Gil! George Div. ;
near George, 1000 ft., Burchell, 6007! Bowie! Drége B, letter g! Penther, 1597!
Schlechter, 2240 ! Plettenbergs Bay, Bowie! Humansdorp Div. ; near Humansdorp,
, 2907 partly ! 2934 ! 2994 ! Uitenhage Div. ; without precise locality, Leyher,
_ 977! Port Elizabeth Div. ; near Port Elizabeth, Hellon d: Zeyher! Ecklon, 9771
Holub! Mrs. Paterson, 1109 ! 2135! Drége, 414! Var. B: Malmesbury Div. ; Hope-
field, Bachmann, 115 ! 943! Worcester Div. ; Dutoits Kloof, 2060-4000 ft., Drege
8, letter b ! near Worcester, Rehmann, 2538 partly ! Stellenbosch Div. ; Hottentots
Holland Mountains, 1000 ft., Zeyher, 3831! Prior! Caledon Div. ; various
442 EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). | Cluytia.
localities, Burchell, 7667 ! 8151! 8625! Seott Elliot, 1115! Ecklon, 52 partly!
Lichtenstein! Miss Cole! Swellendam Div.; without precise locality, Bowie |
Var. y: Clanwilliam Div. ; Cedarberg Range, 3000 ft., Diels, 870! Cape Div. ;
various localities, Tulbagh, 127 in Herb. Linneus! Banks & Solander! Bergius!
Oldenburg, 296 partly ! Robertson! Lalande ! Sieber, 148! Forbes! Prior! Dubuc !
Reeves! Miss Cole! Rehmann, 974! 1271 partly! 1393! 2029! Wolley-Dod, 1209!
Schlechter, 716! 977! Diimmer, 1638! Rogers, 11222! Burchell, 260 partly!
Bowin, 733! Krebs, 103! Lichtenstein! Ecklon, 6031 Zeyher, 3822! Drége, b!
138! Diels, 110! Spielhaus! Fuller! Wilms, 3618! 3614! 3615! Caledon Div.:
Caledon, Ecklon, 449! Mossel Bay Div. ; Attaquas Kloof, Gill! Humansdorp
Div. ; Kruisfontein Mountains, 800 ft., Galpin, 4592! Port Elizabeth Div. :
Algoa Bay, Forbes! Var. 8: Van Rhynsdorp Div.; Giftberg, 1000-2000 ft.,
Phillips, 7387 ! 7395! Clanwilliam Div. ; Kakadouw Pass, 3900 ft., Diels, 928 !
Malmesbury Div. ; near Hopefield, Bachmann, 944! between Hopefield and
Langebaan, Bachmann, 2079! 2080! Bolus! Tulbagh Div. ; near Tulbagh Water-
fall, Ecklon d& Zeyher! Cape Div. ; without precise locality, Tulbagh, 113 in Herb.
Linneus! Lichtenstein! Forbes, 88! Stellenbosch Div. ; Lowrys Pass, 500 ft.,
Schlechter, 1191 ! Caledon Div. ; Klein River Mountains, 1000-3000 ft., Ecklon. &
Zeyher, 64! near Caledon, Bolus, 8501! Swellendam Div. ; without precise
locality, Mund & Maire! Riversdale Div. ; without. precise locality, Rust, 550!
Mossel Bay Div. ; near Little Brak River, Rogers, 4213!
CenTRAL Recion: Var. 3: Ceres Div. ; slopes at Hottentots Kloof, Pearson,
4897! Prince Albert Div. ; Zwart Berg Pass, 5000 ft., Bolus, 12288 !
WESTERN REGION: Var. 6: Little Namaqualand ; Khamiesberg Range, between
Pedros Kloof and Lelie Fontein, Drége (C. imbricata, b only)! near the summit
of Beacon Hill, Pearson, 6710 partly !
17. C. ovalis (Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 129); a small shrub, 1} ft.
high; stems firm, woody, sparingly branched ; twigs ascending,
glabrous; leaves sessile, oval or ovate-oblong, obtuse or retuse
but mucronulate, base rounded, margin scabrous, flat, } in.
long, } in. wide, quite glabrous ; internodes more or less angled, as
long as the leaves; flowers diccious, white, pedicelled, female soli-
tary ; pedicels glabrous, stoutish, rigid, } in. long; sepals elliptic
lanceolate, with a 3-lobate basal scale; petals oblong-obovate,
eglandular ; ovary glabrous; styles free, 2-fid ; capsule subglobose,
} in. across ; seeds black, shining. Male flowers not seen. Baill.
Adansonia, iii. 153 ; Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1047 ; Paw in
Engl. Pflanzenr. Euphorb. Cluyt. 71; Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913,
402. C. alaternoides, 8 genuina, 3 elliptica, Pax Lc. 70, partly ; not
of Mill. Arg.
Coast Recion: Piquetberg Div.; slopes near Piqueniers Kloof, 1200 ft.,
Schlechter, 4966! Tulbagh Div. ; mountains near Tulbagh Waterfall, Eeklon &
Zeyher, 521
18. C. impedita (Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 402); an under-
shrub ; stems rigid, erect, rather copiously virgately branched in the
upper half, 1}—2 ft. high, terete, even when young quite glabrous 10
every part; leaves shortly petioled, firmly papery, close set, more or
less imbricate, all obovate, truncate or retuse, base gradually cuneate,
‘margin flat, }-} in. long, 1-1 in. wide near the apex, pale green,
glabrous, pellucid-punctate and warted, midrib faintly seen, nerves
obscure ; petiole 4, in. long or less; flowers dicecious, male alone
seen, solitary or in pairs, pink ; pedicels very short, under ;'y 2
Cluytia. | EUPHORBIACE& (Prain), 443
long ; male sepals suborbicular, rather fleshy, with a 2—4-lobed basal
seale ; petals obovate, gradually narrowed to the base, and there
with a very minute gland ; rudimentary ovary ovoid, glabrous.
SoutH AFrrica : without locality, Prior!
Coast Recon : Queenstown Div. ; Andriesberg, near Bailey, 6400 ft., Galpin,
2026! Cathcart Div. ; Bontebok Flats, Sim, 2543 ! ee
19. C, alpina (Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 403) ; undershrub ;
stems several, prostrate from a woody rootstock, 4-12 in. long,
giving off several ascending or prostrate branches, 2—6 in. long,
again branching; twigs angled or slightly winged, sparingly and
softly tawny hirsute ; leaves petioled, membranous, pellucid-punctate,
ovate, obtuse, base rounded or truncate, margin revolute, 4—} in.
long, 3-4 in. wide, adpressed hirsute on the midrib above, otherwise
glabrous on both surfaces ; nerves not visible ; petiole 1—} in. long,
pubescent ; flowers dicwcious, green, male 2-nate in the leat-axils ;
pedicels very short, surrounded at the base by small ovate hyaline
scales with margins ciliate towards the base; male sepals ovate,
obtuse, within eglandular ; petals spathulate, eglandular, but each
with a minute gland attached within its insertion ; rudimentary ovary
cylindric, glabrous.
Centra ReGion: Barkly East Div. ; Witteberg Range, on Ben Macdhui,
9300 ft., Galpin, 6827 !
20. C. glabrescens (Knauf in Engl. Jahrb. xxx. 340) ; a shrub
up to 10 ft. high; twigs glabrous, not warted; leaves distinctly
petioled, thinly papery, pellucid-punctate but not warted, elliptic-
lanceolate, acute, base cuneate, margin flat, 1}—2} in. long, fel in.
wide, dark green, glabrous on both surfaces, dull ; peticle }—} in.
long ; flowers diecious, white, male in few-flowered fascicles, female
1-3; pedicels up to 1 in. long, female elongated in fruit and at
length 4} in. long; male sepals obovate, obtuse, punctate but not
warted, glabrous, with a 3-lobate basal scale; petals obovate-
spathulate, with a simple basal scale; rudimentary ovary hardly
dilated at the tip, glabrous ; female sepals rather larger and firmer
than the male, with a 2-lobate basal scale ; petals without a basal
Scale; ovary glabrous; styles free, shortly 2-fid ; capsule in.
across, subglobose, glabrous, not warted ; seeds black, shining. Prain
i Kew Bulletin, 1913, 403. C. abyssinica, Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr.
Euphorb. Cluyt. 56, partly ; Hutchinson in Dyer, Fl. Trop. vi. i. 807,
parily ; not of Taub. &: Spach.
he ASTERN jREGION: Zululand ; Nkandhla, 4000-6000 ft., Wylie in Herb. Wood,
74!
Also in Eastern Tropical Africa.
21. C. Galpini (Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr. Euphorb. Cluyt. 54,
under ©. pulchella) ; shrub, 3-5 ft. high ; twigs smooth, when young
puberulous ; leaves distinctly petioled, rather firmly membranous,
444 EUPHORBIACE& (Prain), [ Cluytia.
pellucid-punctate but not warted, ovate, acute, 1 in. long, }—3 in.
wide, when young puberulous beneath, soon glabrous, pale green ;
petiole 11 in. long ; flowers dicecious, white, male in few-flowered
fascicles, female usually solitary, sometimes in threes ; pedicels
short, female elongated in fruit, at length up to }—} in. long ; male
sepals oblong-ovate, not warted, with a 3-lobate basal scale;
petals deltoid-ovate, narrowed to a rather wide claw, with a
simple basal scale; rudimentary ovary rather dilated at the tip,
glabrous ; female sepals rather firmer than the male with a 3-lobate
basal scale; petals as in male with a smaller or obsolete basal
seale ; ovary glabrous ; styles free, shortly 2-fid ; capsule 4 in. across,
subglobose, warted-punctate ; seeds black, shining. Dax in Bull.
Herb. Boiss. vi. 736, as to name only, but eacl. descr. of & fl. and exel.
Galpin 961; Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 403. C. pulchella,
y ovalis, Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1046. C. pulchella, forma
genuina (in small part) and forma ovalis, Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr.
Euphorb. Cluyt. 54, 55.
Katanari Recion: Transvaal; Pretoria and neighbourhood, Rehmann, 4231!
4287! Miss Leendertz, 532! Bolus, 10839! Wilms, 1320 partly! Kirk, 50! Burtt-
Davy, 7477! Wonderboom Poort, Rehmann, 4549! Heidelberg, Miss Leendertz,
1081! Boschveld, Rehmann, 4871! Elandsfontein, near Johannesburg, 5500 ft.,
Gilfillan in Herb. Galpin, 1426! Rustenberg, 4500 ft., Miss Nation, 52! 202!
Barberton, 3000 ft., Thorncroft, 1943! and without precise locality, Wahlberg !
22, C. pulchella (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 1042 [Clutia]); a shrub up
to 8 ft. high ; twigs warted, when young slightly adpressed-hairy ;
leaves distinctly petioled, membranous, warted and punctate, ovate
or ovate-oblong, rarely suborbicular, subacute or obtuse, base
cuneate, margin flat, 14-21 in. long, 4-1} in. wide, glabrous ; petiole
3-1 in, long ; flowers diccious, white, male in few-flowered fascicles
from perulate axillary swellings, female usually paired ; pedicels up
to } in. long, female elongated in fruit and at length } in. long
or longer ; male sepals oblong-ovate, warted-punctate, with a 3-lobate
basal scale ; petals deltoid-ovate, narrowed to a wide claw, each
with a simple basal scale ; rudimentary ovary somewhat widened
upwards, glabrous ; female sepals rather firmer than male, with a
2—3-lobate basal scale ; petals as in male, with a small or obsolete
basal scale ; ovary glabrous ; styles free, shortly 2-fid ; capsule } in.
across, subglobose, warted-punctate ; seeds black, shining. Linn. Sp.
Pl. ed. ii. 1475 ; Burm. f. Prodr. Cap. 27 bis {31]; Lam. Encycl. ii.
54; Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. ii. 881; Pers. Syn. ii. 636 ; Thunb. Prodr. 53,
and Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 271; Spreng. Syst. iii. 49; A. Juss. Euph.
Gen. Tent. t. 6, fig. 21; Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1, iii. 420, and ed. 2, v-
423; Bot. Mag. t. 1945; E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente,
174, a only ; Krauss in Flora, 1845, 81 ; Sond. in Linnza, xxiii. 129 ;
Dietr. Synops. v. 455; Baill. Ftud. Gén. Euphorb. t. 16, fig. 6-19;
and in Adansonia, iii. 153; O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. iii. ii. 284;
Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 404. C. cotinifolia, Salish. Prodr. 390.
C. pulchella, a genuina, Miill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1045.
Cluytia. | EUPHORBIACE&# (Prain), 445
C. pulchella, var. obtusata, Miill. Arg. l.e. 1046, in part ; not of Sond.
C. pulchella, forma genuina (excl. syn. C. Galpini and all the Transvaal
localities), forma macrophylla (excl. syn. Mill. Arg.), and forma
obtusata (in part only), Pax in Engl. PAanzenr. Euphorb. Cluyt. 54.
Var. 8, obtusata (Sond. l.c.); twigs not warted, when young slightly adpressed-
; leaves papery, punctate but not warted, rounded or ovate-obtuse, rarely
ovate-subacute, 4-3 in. long, $-14 in. wide, glabrous or sparingly adpressed-hairy,
Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1046 mainly; Prain, lc. 405. C. pulehella,
E. Meyer in Drége l.c., b only. C. pulchella, forma microphylla, Pax in Ann.
Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien, xv. 49. C. pulehella, forma genuina (Rehmann 5912
only), forma microphylla, forma macrophylla (as to Natal plant only), and forma
obtusata (mainly), Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr. le.
Var, y, Franksie (Prain l.c. 405) ; twigs not warted, persistently softly pilose
with spreading hairs ; leaves thinly membranous, punctate but not warted, ovate,
subacute, #-1 in. long, 4-% in. wide, glabrous except on the nerves above, softly
persistently pilose with spreading hairs beneath.
Souru Arrica: Many cultivated specimens!
Coast Recion: Cape Div. ; various localities, Sparrmann! Oldenburg, 294!
Thunberg! Sonnerat! Brown & Solander! Roxburgh! Mund & Maire! Wallich,
313! Krebs! Thom! Bowie! Ecklon, 195! 4151 606! Drege! Zeyher! Burchell,
295! MacGillivray, 612! Prior! Harvey, 232! 498! MacOwan, 165 & Herb.
Norm. Austr.-Afr. 767! von Diiben! Krauss, 1709! 1710! 1714! Rekmann, 973!
1389! 1390 ! 1391! 1392! Wolley-Dod, 865! 1105 in herb. Brit. Mus. ! Wilms,
3619! Diels, 48a! Marloth, 45! Diimmer, 26! 59! George Div. ; near George,
900 ft., Bowie! Schlechter, 2411! Silver River, Penther, 911! Montagu Pass,
Rehmann, 1691 170! Knysna Div. ; Knysna forests, Laidley, 434 ! Humansdorp
Div. ; Storms River Forest, Zitzikamma, 500 ft., Galpin, 4574! Albany Div.,
Broekhuizens Poort, 1500-2000 ft., Galpin, 24! Howisons Poort, Ecklon, 905!
Bedford Div.; Bedford, Weale! Var. 8: Humansdorp Div.; banks of the
Gamtoos River, Prior! Springfields, Mrs. Paterson, 2187! 2188! Albany Div. ;
near Grahamstown, Bolton! Miss Bowker! Zeyher, 28! 539! 905! Binnie, 612!
Prior! MacOwan, 165 partly ! Mrs. White! Misses Daly & Sole, 299! Alexandria
Div. ; between Hoffmanskloof and Dreifontein, Drége, 8224 a! Bathurst Div. ;
Bathurst, Rogers, 3502! Stockenstrom Div. ; Stockenstrom River, Pappe, 2373!
Queenstown Div. ; Stormberg Range, 5000-6000 ft., Drége, 8224 b! Table
Mountain, 6000-7000 ft., Drége, 8224 ¢! Zeyher, 3824! Ecklon & Zeyher, 42!
hear Queenstown, 3800 ft., Fraser! Galpin, 1572! Sterkstroom, Rogers, 4051
(forma microphylla, Pax)! 4052! Kingwilliamstown Div. ; Kingwilliamstown,
Krook, 916 (forma microphylla, Pax)! Komgha Div. ; sandflats near the Kei
River, Flanagan, 222! British Kaffraria ; without locality, Cooper, 80! 81!
CentraL Region: Var. 8: Somerset Div. ; Bruintjes Hoogte, Burchell, 2993 !
Berg, MacOwan, 165 partly! Somerset East, Bowker! Scott Elliot, 508 !
Tarka Div.; near Tarka, Shaw ! : é
HARI ReGIon: Var. 8: Orange River Colony ; Witteberg Range, Kadzie
Berg, Rehmann, 3988! Basutoland ; Leribé, Dieterlin, 258! Transvaal; Hout-
h, Rehmann, 5910! 5912! : ws
Eastern Recion: Pondoland; Umzimkulu River, Bachmann, 797! Natal ;
Friedenau, Rudatis, 943 partly! Ifapalal, Rudatis, 945! Durban, Gerrard, 1162!
Sutherland | Morburg, 300 ft., Rogers ! Kearsney, 1000 ft., Engler, 2617! Var. B:
Transkei ; Kentani, 1000 ft., Miss Pegler, 228! 745! Colossa, near Indutwa,
Krook, 895! Tembuland ; Bazeia, Baur, 171! Pondoland ; between Umtala River
and St. Johns River, Drége b! 4635! Port St. John, Galpin, 34387! various
localities, Bachmann, 758! 759! 761! 798! Griqualand East ; Nalogha, Krook,
941! Natal ; Friedenau, Rudatis, 846! 943 partly! 984! 995! Durban, Guein-
zius! Wood, 6508! Inanda, Wood, 142! 593! Attercliffe, Sanderson, 411!
Gerrard, 58 | Gerrard & McKen, 42! Umbilo Waterfall, Rehmann, 8121! Colenso,
Krook, 877! Tugela, Gerrard, 543 (forma microphylla, Pax)! Umzimkulu, Krook,
945 (forma microphylla, Pax)! Var. y: Natal; Amanzimtoti, Mise Franks in
Herb. Wood, 11912! 12606! Zululand ; Ongoa, Gerrard, 2151!
446 EUPHORBIACEA: (Prain). [ Cluytia.
23. C, mollis (Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 112); a shrub ; branches
and twigs terete, not warted, persistently tawny-velvety with
soft hairs; leaves distinctly petioled, membranous, warted and
punctate, ovate-oblong, ovate or ovate-subcordate, subacute or
acute, base cuneate, truncate or subcordate, margin flat, 2-5} in.
long, 14-3) in. wide, sparingly pubescent with spreading hairs on
the nerves above, densely velvety on the nerves and sparingly
pubescent elsewhere beneath; petiole pubescent, $-14 in. long;
flowers dicecious, yellow, male short-pedicelled, in few-flowered
fascicles from perulate axillary swellings ; female usually paired ;
pedicels in flower } in. long, pubescent with spreading hairs,
elongated in fruit and at length 1 in. long or longer ; male sepals
narrow-ovate, acute, warted-punctate and pubescent externally,
with a 3-lobate basal scale; petals spathulate-lanceolate, much
longer than the sepals, narrowed to a wide claw, eglandular, but
each with a large stalked sub-2-lobed gland attached within the
insertion of the petals; rudimentary ovary very short, cylindric,
glabrous ; female sepals firmer than the male, with a 2—3-lobate
basal scale ; petals much firmer than the male, hardly longer than
the sepals, with a small or obsolete basal scale ; ovary glabrous ;
styles free, shortly 2-fid; capsule 1 in. across, subglobose, strongly
warted-punctate ; seeds black, shining. Engl. Pflanzenr. Euphorb.
Cluyt. 55; Hutchinson in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 808; Prain m
Kew Bulletin, 1913, 406. C. leuconeura, Pax in Engl. Jahrb. Le.
C. abyssinica, var. usambarica, Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr. Le. 57 and
var. ovalifolia, Pax le.
a Recion: Natal; Alfred County, near Murchison, 2000 ft., Wood,
1990!
& Also in Tropical East Africa.
24. C. affinis (Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 126); a shrub, erect,
8-10 ft. high, much branched ; twigs spreading, usually terete or
slightly angled, grey- or tawny-pubescent ; leaves distinctly petioled,
firmly membranous, opaque, lanceolate-spathulate or oblong-obovate
or linear-elliptic, obtuse or subacute, narrowed from beyond the
middle to the base, margin flat, those of main-branches 2-3 in. long,
$—1 in. wide, of small twigs about | in. long, }1—} in. wide, pubescent
or puberulous on both surfaces, with rather distinct main-nerves,
usually rather paler beneath; petiole 1} in. long, pubescent ;
flowers diccious, yellowish, male 4—6 together in axillary clusters,
female 2-3; pedicels ;'; in. long in the male, in the female up te
4 in. long in fruit, rather rigid, pubescent; male sepals narrow-
oblong, obtuse, pubescent, with a 3-lobate basal scale; petals
rounded-obovate, with a much thickened claw, 2-glandular at its
base ; rudimentary ovary cylindric, glabrous ; female sepals rather
narrower than the male, with a 3-lobate basal scale ; petals narrower
than the male, eglandular; ovary glabrous; styles free, 3-fid ;
capsule ovoid, glabrous, puncticulate and slightly warted ; seeds
Cluytia. | EUPHORBIACE& (Prain), 447
black, shining. Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1050, incl. var.
B; Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr. Euphorb. Cluyt. 57, incl. var. B; Prain
in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 406. C. hirsuta, Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Sond.
Le. ; not of BE. Meyer. C. pubescens, Eckl. & Zeyh., partly, ex Sond.
Le, ; not of Thunb., nor of Willd. C. phyllanthifolia, Baill. Adansonia,
iii, 153. C. retusa, Thunb. ex Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 406 ;
not of Linn.
Sourn Arrica: without locality, Thunberg! Krebs!
Coast Reaion: Stellenbosch Div. ; Hottentots Holland Mountains, Zeklon !
Swellendam Div, ; near Swellendam, Roxburgh! Niven! Mund & Maire, 108! 311!
Ecklon & Zeyher, 43! George Div. ; near George, Burchell, 6042! Bowie! Prior!
Zwart River, Penther, 876! Oakford, Rehmann, 559! Montagu Pass, 1200 ft..
Young in Herb. Bolus, 5533! Rehmann, 168! Uniondale Div. ; Long Kloof,
Ecklon & Zeyher | Humansdorp Div. ; Humansdorp, Rogers, 2922! 2965! Uiten-
hage Div. ; Van Stadens Berg, Zeyher! Ecklon & Zeyher! Zwartkops River,
Zeyher, 3828! Port Elizabeth Div. ; Port Elizabeth, Laidley, 4701 Albany Div. ;
near Grahamstown, 2000 ft., Bolton! MacOwan, 1! Galpin, 31! Hutton ! Cooper,
19! Drége, 8226 ¢! Ecklon, 884! Atherstone, 478! Williamson! Schiénland, 585!
Misses Daly & Sole, 262! Bluekrantz, Burchell, 3640! Assegai Bush, Baur!
Bedford Div. ; Bedford, Weale, 14! Stockenstrom Div. ; Kat Berg, 3000-4000 ft.,
Drége, 8226 a! Queenstown Div. ; near Queenstown, Cooper, 3141 bis! Stutter-
heim Div.; Fort Cunynghame, Sim, 2177! King Williamstown Diy. ; Perie
Mountains, 2500 ft., Galpin, 3266! Godfrey, 107! King Williamstown, Scott
Elliot, 11003! East London Div.; East London, Rattray, 60! Komgha Div. ;
Prospect Farm, Flanagan, 281 partly! British Kaffraria ; without precise locality,
Cooper, 76!°77!
Katanart REGION: Transvaal ; Houtbosch, 5000 ft., Rehmann, 5909! Bolus,
10980! Mac Mac, Mudd! Burghers Pass, 5000 ft., Burtt-Davy, 1561 ! Lydenburg,
Wilms, 13151 Spitzkop, Wilms, 1130 ! 3
Eastern Recion: Transkei: Kentani, 1000 ft., Miss Pegler, 8 t Natal ;
Friedenau, Rudatis, 1248! Zululand; Ingoma, Gerrard, 1159! Qudeni, Wood,
9!
25. C. natalensis (Bernh. ex Krauss in Flora, 1845, 81) ; a shrub
2-4 ft. high, much branched; twigs fastigiate, rather slender,
sparingly tawny-pubescent, soon glabrous ; leaves shortly to dis-
tinctly petioled, firmly papery, pellucid-punctate, but not warted,
linear- to oblong-lanceolate, acute, base cuneate, margin flat, j-2 in.
long, 3-1, rarely } in. wide, when young pubescent on both sides,
Soon glabrescent and at times quite glabrous, pale green ; petiole
2-4 in. long ; flowers dicecious, yellowish, male in fascicles of 2-6,
female solitary or in pairs ; pedicels longer than the calyx, pilose,
male capillary, female firm, in fruit }-} in. long; male sepals
rounded-ovate, pubescent outside, with a 3-5-lobed basal scale ;
petals about as long as sepals, wide rounded-obovate, eglandular
but with 30-50 glands in the fundus of the calyx; rudimentary
Ovary slender, narrow-cylindric, glabrous; female sepals ovate,
Subacute, pubescent outside, rather larger than the male sepals,
with a usually 2-lobed (less often 1- or 3-lobed) basal scale ;
petals shorter than the calyx, obovate-oblong, without a basal scale ;
Ovary glabrous; styles free, shortly 2-fid; capsule $ in. across,
warted-punctate ; seeds black, shining. Sond. in Linnea, xxii. 127,
incl. var. glabrata; Baill, Adansonia, iti. 150, inel. var. glabrata ;
448 EUPHORBIACE4: (Prain). [| Cluytia.
Miill. Arg. in DC. Prodr, xv. ii. 1052, inel. var. glabrata ; O. Kunize,
Rev. Gen. Pl. iii. ii, 284; Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr. Euphorb. Cluyt.
64, incl. var. glabrata; Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 407. Cluytia
n. 8225 and n. 8226 b, not a, E. Meyer, in Drége, Zwei Pfl. Docu-
mente, 174.
Coast Recion: Alexandria Div. ; Oliphants Hoek Forest, Ecklon & Zeyher |
Albany Div. ; Grahamstown, 2000 ft., MacOwan! Queenstown Div. ; Klippaat
River, near Shiloh, Drége, 8225! Klaas Smits River, Baur, 57! Zwartkei River,
Cooper, 262! 263! Galpin, 2684!
Centrat Recion: Aliwal North Div. ; by the Orange River near Aliwal North,
4300 ft., Dréye, 8226 b!
Katanart Recton: Orange River Colony; Caledon River, Burke! Zeyher,
1512! Wahlberg! Harrismith, Sankey, 284! Bethlehem, Richardson! Flanagan,
2110! Besters Vlei near Witzies Hoek, Bolus, 8247! Ladybrand, Rogers, 820!
Basutoland; Leribe, Dieterlin, 321! Transvaal; Sanderson! Rehmann, 3946!
Lydenburg Dist. ; near Lydenburg, Wilms, 1316 mainly ! 1317! 1318! Waterfall
River, Wilms, 1817 a! Standarton, Reimann, 6790! at Maquabie near Amersfoot,
Burtt-Davy, 4111! Crocodile Valley, Burtt-Davy, 7639! Carolina, Rademacher,
7477 ! Johannesburg ; near Roodepoort, Rand, 985 !
Eastern Recion: Tembuland ; Cala, 4000 ft., Miss Pegler, 1462! Griqualand
East; Banks of the Umzimkulu River near Handcocks Drift, 2500 ft., Z’yson,
2790! and in MacOwan & Bolus, Herb. Norm. Austr. -Afr. 766! Tsitsa River, 3400 ft.,
Krook, 881! Schlechter, 6371! 6379! Natal; Table Mountain, Krauss! Howick,
Junod, 301! Van Reenens Pass, 5500-6000 ft., Kuntze! Miss Franks in Herb.
Wood, 12198! near Currys Post, 4000 ft., Wood, 3569! Dumisa, Rudatis, 677!
banks of the Tugela River, 3000-4000 ft., Wood! near Acton Homes, 3000-
4000 ft., Wood, 3584! near Mooi River, 4000-5000 ft., Wood, 6183! near New-
castle, 3000-4000 ft., Wood, 8615! Klip River, Gerrard, 788 ! and without precise
locality, Sanderson, 71! Fraser! Gerrard, 1159! Zululand ; Entumeni, 2000 ft.,
Wood, 3730 !
26. C. platyphylla (Pax & K. Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenr.
Euphorb. Cluyt. 74); a small shrub; stems 1 ft. high or less,
fastigiately branched ; twigs angular, tawny pubescent at first as
are the young leaves, at length almost glabrous; leaves shortly
petioled, close-set, ovate or suborbicular, obtuse, base rounded or
subcordate, margin slightly recurved, 3-2 in. long, 3-1 in. wide,
firmly papery to subcoriaceous, when young faintly pellucid-punctate,
not warted ; midrib and main-nerves beneath very distinct ; flowers
dicecious, greenish-white, male 1-3, female not seen ; pedicels up to
} in. long, capillary, pubescent; male sepals rounded, pubescent
outside, obtuse, with a 4—5-lobate basal scale ; petals rhomboid-
orbicular, shortly clawed, glabrous, eglandular, but each with 6-§
free glands attached to fundus of calyx within their point of origin ;
rudimentary ovary glabrous, cylindric, expanded at the tip. Prain
in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 407.
Eastern Recon : Natal; Dumisa, Fairfield, 2500 ft., Rudatis, 81!
27, C. dregeana (Scheele in Linnza, xxv. 583); a shrub, 3-8 ft.
high, much branched ; branches spreading ; twigs distinctly angular,
at first finely pubescent, at length glabrous or nearly so; leaves
sessile or nearly so, from ovate to lanceolate, shortly acuminate or
Cluytia. | EUPHORBIACEA (Prain). 449
acute, less often obtuse, base rounded or wide-cuneate, margin
slightly recurved, 3-3 (rarely 1-1}) in. long, }-} (rarely 2) in. wide,
subcoriaceous or coriaceous ; when young faintly pellucid-punctate
and with pellucid veins, when mature opaque or only with the veins
faintly pellucid, not warted ; midrib rather distinct, nerves obscure ;
at first sparingly pubescent but soon nearly to quite glabrous ;
flowers dicecious, greenish-white, male 1-3, female usually solitary ;
pedicels up to { in. long, at first pubescent, male capillary, female
rigid, stouter, angled; male sepals ovate-oblong, obtuse, punctate
but not warted, with a 3-5-lobate basal scale; petals cuneate-
obovate, shortly clawed, base 2~3-glandular ; rudimentary ovary
cylindric, glabrous ; female sepals like the male but rather larger ;
petals as in the male but with base l-glandular ; ovary glabrous ;
styles distinctly connate at the base, 2-fid above ; capsule } in. wide,
subglobose, distinctly warted-punctate. Baill. Adansonia, iii. 153 ;
Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 408. C. heterophylla, Sond. in Linnea,
Xxill. 128, mainly, but excel. var. hirsuta and syn. Bernh.; not of
Thunb. ©. sonderiana, Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1051, tnel.
both vars; Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr, Euphorb. Cluyt. 72, incl. all three
vars., but excl. Krook, 915, and excel. syn. C. heterophylla, Pax in Ann.
Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien, xv. 49; not of Thunb., nor of Sond.
C. similis, Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr. l.c. 66, partly, and as to Bachmann,
750 only ; not of Mill. Arg.
Coast Recion : George Div, ; plains of George, Bowie! Uitenhage Div. ; near
Uitenhage, Krebs, 298! Drége, 8229! Ylands River, Ecklon & Zeyher ! Van
Stadensberg River, Ecklon & Zeyher, 34 partly! Addo, Ecklon, 604! Ecklon &
Zeyher, 46! Zeyher, 3829: Zuur Berg, Prager, 104! Alexandria Div. ; Salem,
con, 7377! Webster, 7531! Albany Div. ; Grahamstown, Rogers, 1547 !
Zwartehoogde, Keklon & Zeyher! Blauwkrantz near Grahamstown, Galpin, 257
mainly ! British Kaffraria ; Bolasse, 1500 ft., Sim, 1456 ! :
Eastern Recton: Transkei; Kentani, 1000 ft., Miss Pegler! Natal ; Marien
Hill, at the Trappist Colony, Zandauer |.and without precise locality, Wahlberg !
Gerrard, 727 !
28. C. hirsuta (E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 174 ;
et ex Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 129); a shrub, 2-4 ft. high, often
considerably branched ; branches ascending ; twigs distinctly angular,
sparingly to rather densely persistently pubescent ; leaves distinctly
petioled, from ovate to lanceolate, acute or acuminate, hardly ever
obtuse, base narrow- to wide-cuneate, margin slightly recurved,
3-1 in. long, }-} in. wide, membranous or papery, very distinctly
and persistently pellucid-punctate and with pellucid veins, not
Warted; midrib and nerves rather distinct especially beneath,
Sparingly to densely persistently pubescent on both surfaces, but
especially beneath ; petiole } in. long; flowers diccious, yellowish-
white ; male 1-3, female usually solitary ; pedicels in both sexes
short, 1 in, long, male capillary, female rigid, stouter and angled, all
persistently pubescent ; male sepals ovate-oblong, obtuse, pubescent,
punctate but not warted, with a 3~5-lobate basal scale ; petals
cuneate-obovate, glabrous, eglandular, but each with 4-5 free glands
FL. C.—VOL. V.—SECT, Il. 24
450 EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). [ Cluytia.
attached to fundus of calyx within their point of origin ; rudimentary
ovary cylindric, pubescent ; female sepals like the male, but with a
2~3-lobed basal scale ; petals obovate, base with or without a gland ;
ovary densely pilose ; styles free, shortly 2-fid ; capsule } in. across,
subglobose, pubescent ; seeds black, shining. Mill. Arg. in DC.
Prodr. xv. ii. 1046; Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr. Ewphorb, Cluyt. 73 ;
Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 408. C. affinis, Baill. Adansonia, iii.
150, partly and as to syn. E. Meyer only; not of Sond. C. hetero-
phylla, Pax in Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien, xv. 49 ; not of Thunb.
C. Schlechteri, Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xxxiv. 373. C. hybrida, Pax &
K. Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenr. l.c. 60. C. heterophylla, var. hirsuta,
Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 129. C. sonderiana, var. pubescens, Pax in
Engl. Pflanzenr. l.c. 73, as to Krook, 915, only ; not of Mill. Arg.
Var. 8, robusta (Prain, l.c. 409); stem 4-5 ft. high, much stouter, usually
little branched ; leaves firmly papery to subcoriaceous, those of the stem 14-1} in.
long, 4-3 in. wide, those of the branches 4-2 in. long, }- in. wide. C. dregeana,
Miill, Arg. lc, 1051; Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr. lc. 74; not of Scheele. C. hirsuta,
Naturhist. Hofmus, Wien, xv. 49, and in Engl. Pflanzenr. l.c. 74, excl. syn. C.
Schlechteri.
Coast Recron : Uitenhage Div. ; Zuurberg Range near Bontjes River, 2000 ft.,
Drége, 2310! Albany Div.; Grahamstown, Bolton! Williamson! Bothas Hill,
MacOwan, 497 partly ! Blauwkrantz Bridge, Galpin, 257 partly ! Howisons Poort,
Hutton |! King Williamstown Div. ; near the Kei River, Krook, 915! East London
Div. ; East London, Rattray, 689! Var. B: Uitenhage Div.; Addo, Lcklon!
Stockenstroom Div.; Kat Berg, Hutton! British Caffraria; near Tarka River,
Cooper, 367 ! 368! Yellow Woods, 1500 ft., Sim, 1454!
Centra. Recion : Somerset Div. ; Bruintjes Hoogte, Burchell, 3076/2! Var. B:
Somerset Div. ; Bosch Berg, MacOwan, 497 partly ! :
Ka.aHart ReGIon: Orange River Colony; Harrismith, Sankey, 235! Avook,
933 ; Besters Vley near Witzies Hoek, 5600 ft., Bolus, 8250 mainly ! Transvaal ;
Heidelberg, Rand, 1216! Miss Leendertz, 1043! Rogers, 120! near Lake Chrissie,
Scott Elliot, 1580! Ermelo, Miss Leendertz, 3072! Burtt-Davy, 5416!
Eastern Recion: Transkei ; hills near the Kei River, 1700 ft., Schlechter, 6237 !
Tembuland ; Umtata, Holy Cross Convent, 236! Pondoland ; Dorkis, Bachmann,
799! Griqualand East ; near Clydesdale, Z'yson, 2134 (specimens in some cases
monecious)! Mafube, Jacottet, 337! Natal; Inchanga, Engler, 2712! 2712 a!
Marloth, 4079! Greytown, Wilms, 2269! Dumisa, 2000-2400 ft., Rudatis, 129!
677! Howick, 1000 ft., Junod, 242! Pinetown, Rehmann, 7975! Maritzburg,
Rehmann, 7073! 7614! Krantz Kloof, 1300 ft., Schlechter, 3181! and without pre-
cise locality, Wahlberg! Mrs. Sanders! Var. 8: Pondoland; Insizwa Range,
Krook, 899! and without precise locality, Bachmann, 1115! Natal ; Inanda, 1800 ft.,
Wood, 1861 371! 5761! 11101! Ellesmere, 2000 ft., Rudatis, 648! Charlestown,
6000 ft., Awntze! Van Reenens Pass, 6000 ft., Kuntze! Coldstream, Rehmann,
6880! Mountain Prospect, Rehmann, 6999! Majuba Hill, Rogers, 83!
29. C. disceptata (Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 410) ; an under-
shrub ; stems usually simple, occasionally branched, several from @
woody rootstock, erect, 8 in. to 2 ft. high, somewhat angular above,
terete below, when young thinly adpressed-hairy ; leaves shortly
petioled, when young membranous, soon firmly papery, pellucid-
punctate and sparingly warted, lower often orbicular, usually ovate-
oblong, upper (or sometimes all) ovate-lanceolate, acute, base wide-
to narrow-cuneate, margin slightly recurved, 3-1} in. long, }~! in,
Cluytia. | EUPHORBIACEZ (Prain), 451
wide, pale to medium green, when young sparingly hirsute on both
sides, soon glabrous or nearly so, distinctly reticulately veined
beneath ; petiole ,1, in. long below, almost obsolete above, pubes-
cent ; flowers dicecious, greenish-white, male 2—4, female solitary or
sometimes in pairs; pedicels up to } in. long in flower, pubescent,
male capillary, female rigid, but very slender and often in fruit
nearly } in. long; male sepals ovate-oblong, obtuse, punctate but
not warted, with a 3-5-lobate basal scale; petals rounded-ovate,
narrowed to a rather wide claw, eglandular, but each with about
five free glands attached within their point of origin ; rudimentary
ovary subcylindric, glabrous; female sepals oblong, punctate, with
a 2-lobed basal scale; petals as in the male, eglandular or with a
solitary basal gland ; ovary hirsute; styles distinctly connate at the
base, 2-bifid above ; capsule } in. wide, less than half as long as the
slender pedicel, sparingly setose to quite glabrous, not at all warted.
C. pulchella, Wood in Wood & Evans, Natal Pl, i. 68, t. 84; not of
Linn. ©. heterophylla, Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr. Euphorb. Cluyt. 66
partly and as to syn. Wood ; not of Thunb.
Eastern Recron: Griqualand East ; near Kokstad, 4300 ft., Tyson, 1114! and
in MacOwan & Bolus, Herb. Austr.-Afr, 1234! Natal; near Durban, Sanderson,
661! Gerrard, 278! Wood, 38! 4944! Inanda, Wood, 120! Rehmann, 8407!
Claremont, Schlechter, 2942! Marburg, 300 ft., Rogers, 536 partly !
30. C. monticola (S. Moore in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. xl. 197); an
undershrub ; stems simple, several from a woody rootstock, erect,
6 in. to 2 ft. high, somewhat angular, all parts at all stages quite
glabrous ; leaves sessile, when young membranous, soon firmly
papery, pellucid-punctate and warted, ovate-oblong to ovate-lanceo-
late, usually obtuse below and acute above, but at times all obtuse
or all acute, base wide- to narrow-cuneate, margin slightly recurved,
3-1} in. long, 1-1 in. wide, pale green, quite glabrous, reticulations
beneath visible but not raised ; flowers dicecious, greenish-white to
yellow ; male 3-9, female solitary ; pedicels of male capillary, up to
+in. long, glabrous, of female rigid, stout, angled, even in fruit
under } in. long ; male sepals ovate-oblong, obtuse, warted-punctate,
with a 3~5-lobate basal scale ; petals rhomboid, narrowed to a rather
wide claw, with about 5 glands adnate to the base of the claw ;
rudimentary ovary cylindric, glabrous ; female sepals oblong, warted-
punctate, with a 2-lobed basal scale; petals as in male but eglan-
dular or with a single basal gland ; ovary glabrous ; styles nearly
free, 2-fid ; capsule } in. wide, longer than the short stout pedicel,
glabrous, strongly warted-punctate ; seeds shining, black. Hutchinson
in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi.i. 803 ; Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 410.
. «. heterophylla, Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr. Euphorb. Cluyt. 66, partly
8 as to syn. Schinz only. Middelbergia transvaalensis, Schinz ex
ax, le.
Katanart Recton: Orange Free State ; Harrismith, Sankey, 236! Besters Vlei,
hear Witzies Hoek, 5600 ft., Bolus, 8250 partly ! Transvaal ; Zoutpansberg Range,
Mudd Eerstelling, Miss Leendertz, 885! Waterberg Dist. ; aie Rania
Goa
452 EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). [ Cluytia-
Maguire, 6185! near Nylstrom, Burtt- Davy, 2038 ! 2049! Houtbosch, Rehmann,
6303! near Lydenberg, Wilms, 1319! 1320 partly! Waterval Onder, Frau
Middelberg, 1! Waterval Boven, 4800 ft., Rogers, 204! 629! Shilovane, 3500 ft.,
Junod, 1263! Saddle Back Range, 3500-4000 ft., Galpin, 415 !. Farm Fairview,
Burtt-Davy, 4077! Ermelo, Tennant, 6917 !
Eastern Recion: Natal; Van Reenen, 5500 ft., Miss Franks in Herb. Wood,
12195! Vryheid, Burtt-Davy, 11420! between Pietermaritzburg and Greytown,
Wilms, 2268! Laingsnek, Rehmann, 6947! Zululand; Entumeni, 2000 G5
Wood, 3730!
Also in Rhodesia.
81. C. cordata (Bernh. ex Krauss in Flora, 1845, 81); an under-
shrub ; stems usually simple, occasionally branched, several from a
woody rootstock, erect, 1-2 ft. high, somewhat angular above, terete
below, even when young quite glabrous in every part; leaves
shortly petioled, when “young membranous, soon firmly papery,
pellucid-punctate but not warted, lower orbicular, upper ovate,
shortly acuminate, base subcordate, margin slightly recurved, 3-1}
in. long, 4-1} in. wide, pale green, glabrous on both sides, distinctly
but not prominently reticulately veined beneath; petiole j'5 in.
long below, almost obsolete above ; flowers dicecious, white, male
solitary or in pairs, female solitary ; pedicels up to } in. long, male
capillary, female rigid, stouter, angled; male sepals ovate-oblong,
obtuse, punctate but not warted, with a 2—4-lobate basal scale :
petals rounded-ovate, narrowed to a rather wide claw, rather shorter
than the sepals, eglandular but each with about five free glands
attached within their point of origin; rudimentary ovary sub-
cylindric, glabrous ; female sepals oblong, punctate, with a 2-lobed
basal scale ; petals as in the male, eglandular ; ovary glabrous ; styles
free, shortly 2-fid ; capsule | in. across, subglobose, faintly warted-
punctate. Mill. Arg. in DO. Prodr. xv. ii. 1051; Paw in Engl.
Pflanzenr. Euphorb. Cluyt. 65; Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 411.
C. heterophylla, Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 128, and Baill. Adansonia,
iii. 150, both as to syn. Bernh. only ; Pax lc. 66, as to Rehmann, 7475,
only ; not of Thunb.
EasTERN Reaion: Pondoland; Insizwa Range, Krook, 900! and without
precise locality, Bachmann, 1112! Natal; top of the Table Mountain, A7rauss,
435! Durban Flats, Gerrard, 728 ! Sanderson, 716! Wood! Pinetown, Sanderson,
911! Schlechter! Friedenau, Rudatis, 76! Dumisa, 2000 ft., Rudatis, 401!
Umgeni Waterfall, Rehmann, 7475! Inchanga, 2300 ft., Engler, 2654! Zululand ;
Ingoma, Gerrard, 1160!
32, C. heterophylla (Thunb. Prodr. 53); an undershrub ; stems
usually simple, several from a woody rootstock, ascending, }—! ft.
high, angular, when young usually sparingly adpressed-hirsute, 8000
glabrous ; leaves shortly petioled, when young membranous, s00n
firmly papery, pellucid-punctate, when young warted, lower wide-
ovate, upper ovate-lanceolate, acute or very rarely the lowest obtuse,
base rounded or sometimes subcordate below and sometimes wide-
cuneate above, margin slightly recurved, 2—3 in. long, }—} in. wide,
pale green, very prominently reticulately veined beneath ; petiole
Cluytia.| KUPHORBIACEA (Prain). 453
ovary glabrous; styles free, shortly 2-fid; capsule } in. across,
Coast Rearon : Uitenhage Div. ; near Uitenhage in grassy places, very common,
Thunberg! Mund! Boivin! Drege, 8221! Prior! Fraser! Schlechter, 2567 !
Borkhausen, Zeyher! Van Stadens Berg, Hcklon & Zeyher, 34 mainly ! Bolus,
1665! Mrs. Paterson, 743! Bathurst Div.; Trapps Valley, Miss Duly, 657!
Albany Diy. ; Grahamstown, Bowie! Williamson! Miss Bowker! Atherstone, 92!
Bolton! Prior! Miss Daly, 118! Stone’s Hill, Schénland, 70! Fish River Heights,
Hutton! Fort Beaufort Div. ; Elands Berg, Cooper, 258! 259! 455! Queenstown,
4000 ft., Galpin, 1655! Cathcart Div. ; Cathcart, Kuntze! East London, Zeidler !
Rattray, 688 | Wood, 3354! Komgha Div. ; near Komgha, Flanagan, 815 ! |
Eastern Reaton : Tembuland; Bazeia, Baur, 146! Pondoland; without
Precise locality, Bachmann, 846!
33, C. daphnoides (Lam. Encye. ii. 54 [Olutia}) ; a shrub, erect,
4-5 ft. high, much branched ; twigs spreading, sharply angular,
from shortly adpressed white-pubescent to nearly or quite glabrous ;
leaves distinctly petioled, firmly membranous, opaque, lanceolate-
oblong, obtuse, narrowed from junction of upper and middle third
to the petiole, margin flat, 1-1} in. long, }-} in. wide, when young
densely to sparsely white-pubescent on both surfaces, at length
glabrescent ; petiole 1-1 in. long, puberulous; flowers diccious,
yellowish, male usually 2-5, female usually solitary ; pedicels 3—}
in. long, puberulous, male slender, female at length rigid ; male
Sepals obovate-oblong, obtuse, white-pubescent externally, with a
5—T-lobate basal scale ; petals rounded-spathulate, glabrous, eglan-
dular, but each with 3-4 glands attached within their point of
Insertion ; rudimentary ovary very short, cylindric, truncate and
Very slightly dilated at the tip, glabrous ; female sepals as in the
male, but with a 1-4-lobate basal scale; petals as in the male ;
454 EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). [ Cluytia.
ovary glabrous; capsule glabrous, } in. long, smooth ; seeds small,
black, shining. Willd. Hort. Berol. i. 52, t. 52, excl. syn. Comm., and
Sp. Pl. iv. ii. 880, excl. syn. Comm. and syn. Thunb.; Pers. Syn.
ii. 636, excl. syn. Thunb. ; Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, v. 422 ; Spreng. Syst.
iii, 49, excl. syn. Thunb.; Krauss in Flora, 1845, 81; Sond. in
Linnea, xxiii. 126, incl. var. incana; Dietr. Syn. v. 455; Baill.
Adansonia, iii. 150 [dapnoides|; Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. i.
1050, incl. var. glabrata, but exel. var. Thunbergii and syn. Poir.;
Paa in Engl. Pflanzenr. Euphorb. Cluyt. 72, incl. both vars., but exel.
syn. Poir ; Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 412. C. tomentosa, Thunb.
ex Schult. in Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 271; not of Linn., nor of Thunb.
Prodr. C. pubescens, Eckl. & Zeyh. in part, ex Sond. l.c.; not of Thunb.,
nor of Willd. C. pulchelia, Sparrm. ex Sond. l.c.; not of Linn.
©. hirsuta, Pax in Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien, xv. 49; not of
E. Meyer. C. cinerea, Burm. ex Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 412.
SourH Arrica ; cultivated specimens.
Coast Region: Malmesbury Div. ; between Groene Kloof and Saldanha Bay,
Drége, 8235! Ysterfontein, Darling, Marloth, 4040! Cape Div. ; near Cape Town,
Burmann! Thunberg! Sparrmann'! Sonnerat! Bergius! Krebs! Mund & Maire!
Verreaux! Prior! Marloth, 4415! Stellenbosch Div. ; Hottentots Holland
Mountains, Ecklon! Riversdale Div. ; mouth of the Duivenhoeks River, Ecklon!
near Riversdale, Rust, 168! Schlechter, 1813! Tygerfontein, 800 ft., Galpin,
4573! Corente River Farm, Muir in Herb. Galpin, 5333! Albertina, Muir!
Mossel Bay Div. ; Eastern side of the Gouritz River, Burchell, 6424! Mossel Bay,
MacOwan! George Div.; near George, Bowie! Schimper! Humansdorp Div. ;
Humansdorp, 300 ft., Galpin, 4567! Uitenhage Div. ; various localities, Ecklon,
99! 605! Zeyher! Ecklon & Zeyher, 441 45! Mrs. Paterson, 7661 Prior! Baur,
1012! Bolus, 1657! Krauss, 1712! 1713! Port Elizabeth Div. ; Port Elizabeth,
Drége fil! Bathurst Div. ; Mouth of the Great Fish River, Burchell, 3722! 3748 !
near Port Alfred, Burchell, 3790 ! Galpin, 1067 ! 3039 ! Miss Sole, 458 ! Potts, 200!
Kowie, Penther, 946 ! Albany Div. ; without precise locality, Hutton | Miss Bowker !
Prior! King Williamstown Diy. ; near King Williamstown, Kennedy ! MacOwan,
1340 partly! Komgha Div. ; near Komgha, Flanagan, 281 partly ! British
Kaffraria ; Kaboussie, MacOwan, 1340 partly !
34. C. vaccinioides (Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 413) ; a shrub,
much branched ; twigs prostrate, 1-2 ft. long, finely pubescent ;
leaves coriaceous, sessile or very nearly so, elliptic or oblong, usually
obtuse, base wide-cuneate or rounded, margin flat, not imbricate,
lowest } in. long, } in. wide, gradually diminishing upwards, glabrous
or with a few hairs along midrib above, and strongly warted,
especially when young, on both surfaces, opaque, margin subhyaline ;
flowers dicecious, yellowish-white with pink blotches, solitary in the
leaf-axils, only male seen ; male pedicels about as long as the calyx,
sparingly pubescent ; male sepals sparsely hairy, obovate, slightly
retuse, { in. long, with a deeply 3-lobed basal scale ; petals distinctly
clawed, obcordately notched, shorter than the calyx, glabrous, each
with 3 small basal scales at the very base ; rudimentary ovary very
short, glabrous. ©. Thunbergii, var. vaccinioides, Pax & K. Hoffm.
in Engl. Pflanzenr. Euphorb. Cluyt. 76.
Coast Recion: Riversdale Div. ; near Riversdale, Rust, 619! 620! Mossel
Bay Diy. 5 between Little Brak River and Hartenbosch, Burchell, 6216 !
Cluytia.| EUPHORBIACEA (Prain). 455
35, C. Thunbergii (Sond. in. Linnea, xxiii. 130) ; shrub, erect,
1-5 ft. high, much branched ; twigs virgate, cylindric, puberulous
or shortly adpressed white-pubescent ; leaves shortly petioled, sub-
coriaceous, opaque, usually obovate, obtuse, narrowed from near the
apex to the base, occasionally suborbicular, margin flat, 1—} in.
long, 1-} in. wide, usually densely shortly white-pubescent, occa-
sionally only puberulous, on both the surfaces ; petiole 4-5 in.
long ; flowers dicecious, white, male solitary or in pairs, female
solitary, in both sexes subsessile ; male sepals widely obovate-oblong,
obtuse, softly shortly velvety externally, with a 3—4-lobate basal
scale; petals rounded-spathulate, glabrous, eglandular, but each
with about 4 glands attached within their point of insertion ; rudi-
mentary ovary very short, cylindric, truncate but not dilated at
the tip, glabrous ; female sepals as in the male; petals as in the
male; ovary glabrous ; capsule glabrous, } in. long, with warted-
punctate valves ; seeds small, black, shining. Baill. Adansonia, iii.
152; Paw in Engl. Pflanzenr. Euphorb. Cluyt. 76, var. canescens
only ; Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 414. C. tomentosa, Thunb. Prodr.
53; EH. Meyer in Drege, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 174; not of Linn,
C. pubescens, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. ii. 881; Pers. Syn. ii, 636 3_ Poir.
Encye. Suppl. ii. 303; Spreng. Syst. iii. 49; Dietr. Syn. v. 455; not
of Thunb. C. daphnoides, var. Thunbergii, Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr.
xv. 1. 1050. OC. karreensis, Schlechter ex Pax, l.c.
Sourn Arrica: without locality, Zhunberg! Nelson ! :
CENTRAL Region: Beaufort West Diy. ; Nieuweveld Mountains, near Beaufort
West, 3000-4000 ft., Drege, 8236 a! Schlechter, 2112! Bokpoort, 3500-4500 ft.,
Drége, 8236 b! between Rhinosterkop and Ganzefontein, Drége! Fraserburg Div. ;
hear Fraserburg, 4200 ft., Bolus, 10403 ! : .
Western Reaion: Great Namaqualand; Great Karasberg Range, Ludhib
Summit, Pearson, 7800! Little Namaqualand ; between Pedroskloof and Lelie
Fontein, Drége, 3031! near Brackdam, 1800-2000 ft., Schlechter, 11110! North-
i of Stinkfontein, Pillans, 5687! near top of Rattelpoort Mountain, Pearson,
{
36. C. crassifolia (Pax in Bull. Herb. Boiss. vi. 736) ; a shrub,
erect, 4-5 ft. high, much branched ; twigs virgate, quite glabrous ;
leaves shortly petioled, firmly coriaceous, opaque, obovate, obtuse,
harrowed from near the apex to the base, margin flat, } in. long,
i} in. wide, quite glabrous on both surfaces; petiole ;'; in. long ;
flowers diccious, white, male in pairs or threes ; pedicels slender,
half as long as calyx ; male sepals rounded-oblong, obtuse, glabrous,
With a 3-5-lobate basal scale ; petals rounded-oblong, obtuse, spathu-
late, eglandular, but each with about 4 glands attached within
their point of insertion ; rudimentary ovary very short, discoid ae ?
dilated at the tip, glabrous. Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr. Euphorb.
Cluyt. 71; Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 415. 3
_ Western Recton : Great Namaqualand ; Gansberg, 7000-8000 ft., Fleck, 465 a!
37. C. polygonoides (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. ii. 1475 [Clutia]); an
undershrub, ae bare Nek stems several from a woody base, spar
" ingly branched ; twigs ascending, glabrous ; leaves sessile, coriaceous,
456 EUPHORBIACE (Prain). [ Cluytia.
opaque, linear-ovate or linear-elliptic, less often linear, narrowed at
the top to an obtuse tip, rounded or wide-cuneate at the base,
margin thickened, revolute, $-} in. long, }—} in. wide, quite
glabrous on both surfaces, shining, usually closely imbricate, ascend-
ing, slightly convex above, flat except at the margins beneath, at
times very: spreading or recurved, and then very convex above, very
concave beneath ; flowers diccious, yellowish-white, male clustered,
female solitary, in both sexes subsessile from perulate axillary
swellings ; scales few, hyaline ; male sepals obovate, obtuse, glabrous,
with a large 5—7-lobate basal scale; male petals rounded-ovate,
clawed, eglandular, but each with about 6 glands attached to calyx
within the point of insertion; rudimentary ovary cylindric, glabrous ;
female sepals elliptic, larger than the male, with a large 5—7-lobate
basal scale; petals elliptic, eglandular; ovary glabrous; styles
connate below, 2-fid above ; capsule globose, } in. across, wrinkled,
glabrous; seeds black, shining. Burm. f. Prodr. Cap. 27 bis [31];
Lam. Eneye. ii. 54; Thunb. Prodr. 53 and Fl. Cap, ed. Schult. 270 ;
Miill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1054, incl. both vars. ; Pax in Engl.
Pflanzenr. Euphorb. Cluyt. 78, incl. both vars. ; Prain in Kew Bulletin,
1913, 415. C. eurvata, E. Meyer in Drege, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 174.
C. ericoides, E. Meyer, lc. partly ; Krauss in Flora, 1845, 82 ; Eckl.
a Zeyh. ex Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 122 ; not of Thunb. C. diosmoides,
Sond., l.c., incl. var. curvata ; Baill. Adansonia, iii. 151, incl. var.
curvata. C. tabularis, Eckl. Un. It.199; Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Sond. Le.
C. daphnoides, Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Sond. le. ; not of Lam.
Coast Reoion: Clanwilliam Div. ; Wupperthal, Wurmberg! Drége, 8282 ¢!
Malmesbury Div. ; near Hopefield, Bachmann, 276! Tulbagh Div. ; Saron,
Schlechter, 3 (var. curvata)! Worcester Div. ; Dutoits Kloof, 2000-3000 ft.,
Drége, 8233! Paarl Div. ; Drakenstein Mountains, 4000-5000 ft., Drége, 8233 b!
Cape Div.; Table Mountain, Burmann! Sparrmann! Bergius! Thunberg!
Roxburgh! Burchell, 589! Drége, 8232 partly! Krebs, 17! Garnot! Cooper,
3532! Ecklon & Zeyher, 54! 63! Eeklon, 100! 115 partly! 198! 199! 200
partly! Pappe, 68! Harvey! Prior! Bolus, 2940! 4585! Frazer! Maire!
Rehmann, 1395! Diimmer, 126! Crosfield! Devil’s Peak, Harvey! Wolley-Dod,
1764! Wilms, 3620! near Constantia, Ecklon! Krauss, 1715! Muizenberg,
Wolley-Dod, 1384! Stellenbosch Div. ; Stellenbosch, Drége, 8232! Hottentots
Holland Mountains, Ecklon & Zeyher! Zeyher, 3827 partly! Diels, 1350!
Greitjesgat, 2000-3000 ft., Ecklon & Zeyher, 55 partly! Lowrys Pass, Burchell,
8230! Penther, 924! Caledon Div. ; Zwartberg, near Caledon, 1000-2000 ft.,
Ecklon & Zeyher (var. curvata)! Steenbraas River, Rogers, 11008 ! Genadendal,
3000-4000 ft., Drege, 8233 ¢ (var. ewrvata)! Roser (var. curvata)! between
Palmiet River and Lowrys Pass, Burchell, 8174! Swellendam Div. ; Tradouw
Mountains, Bowie! Voormans Bosch, Ecklon & Zeyher! Zeyher, 3827 partly!
Riversdale Div. ; Garcias Pass, 1200 ft., Burchell, 6944! Galpin, 4571! Mossel
Bay Div. ; near the Gouritz River, Ucklon & Zeyher, 55 partly (var. curvata)!
Cathcart Div. ; between Windvogel Mountain and the Zwartkei River, Ecklon &
Zeyher, 51 partly !
XXII. CAPERONIA, St. Hil.
Flowers monecious, rarely diccious, dichlamydeous; disc 0.
Male : Calyx closed in bud, splitting into 5 valvate lobes. Petals
5, imbricate, often with the two lowest distinctly or much smaller
Be
Caperonia. | EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). 457
than the others. Stamens usually 10 ; filaments connate below in a
column, distinctly 2-seriate above, their free portions spreading ;
anthers 2-celled ; cells dehiscing longitudinally, pendulous from the
tip of the glandular connective. Rudimentary ovary cylindric,
crowning the staminal column. Female : Sepals 5—6, rarely more
humerous, somewhat unequal, imbricate. Petals 5, subequal, nar-
rower than in the male. Ovary 3-celled ; ovules solitary in each cell ;
_ Styles 3, slightly connate below, ovate, deeply laciniate. Capsule
3-coccous ; cocci 2-valved ; valves externally covered with flattened
or subulate processes mixed with or passing into gland-tipped sete.
Seeds nearly globose, ecarunculate; testa minutely punctate-
_ Teticulate ; albumen fleshy ; cotyledons broad, flat.
Erect annual herbs with branching stems ; leaves alternate ; racemes axillary,
with numerous male flowers above and a few basal female flowers.
Distrrp, Species about 12, mainly in tropical South America, a few African.
1. C, Stuhlmanni (Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 81) ; stems branching,
rather stout, soft, hispid throughout, 2-3 ft. high ; leaves short-
petioled, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate or linear, acute, base acute,
margin sharply serrate, 2-44 in. long, }-1 in. wide, hispid on the
nerves, especially beneath; petiole ,—} in. long, hispid ; stipules
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, or subulate, caducous; racemes
2-24 in. long; rhachis and pedicels hispid; bracts lanceolate,
small ; male sepals 5, ovate, acute, hispid; petals 5, very unequal,
3 larger spathulate-oblong, larger than the sepals, 2 very small,
narrow-oblong, all clawed; female sepals 5-6, unequal, ovate-
lanceolate, acute, hispid, the 2-3 outer slightly shorter than the 3
inner ; petals 5, casually 6, oblong-lanceolate, rather shorter than
the outer sepals; ovary closely beset with narrow-subulate gland-
tipped processes ; capsule muricate and setose, } in. across ; seeds
deep blue-grey or nearly black, spherical. Paw in Engl. Pf. Ost-
Afr. C. 237 ; Prain in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 831.
Eastern Region : Delagoa Bay; Incanhini, Schlechter, 12039!
Also in Tropical East Africa.
Very nearly allied to C. palustris, St. Hil., which is wide-spread in Tropical
Africa ; the most satisfactory differential character is in the colour of the seeds,
nearly black in C. Stuhimanni, brown or tawny in C. palustris.
XXIIa. CHROZOPHORA, Neck.
The genus Curozopnora, Neck., distinguished from Capgronia,
St. Hil., by its stellate pubescence, by the absence of a rudimentary
Ovary in the male flower and by its 2-fid but not laciniate styles, has
not yet been recorded from within our region. One member,
©. plicata, A Juss., var. erecta, Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1918, 94,
458 EUPHORBIACE4 (Prain). | Chrozophora.
closely allied to var. obliquifolia, Prain in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr.
vi. i. 835 (C. obliquifolia, Baill. Etude Gén. Euphorb. 322) has, how-
ever, been met with on the Limpopo north of the Zoutpansberg
range and has, more recently, been communicated to Kew by the
Transvaal Museum from the Limpopo at Mazambo in Gazaland, a
locality very near the northern limit of our area. This species affects
sand-banks in rivers and may in time be established in, if it has not
already reached, the Limpopo basin south of the Tropic. From the
Zambesi basin northwards to Egypt and Palestine Chrozophora
plicata is a prostrate herb; at Mazambo, as Dr. Breijer, to whom
we are indebted for this as yet most southern record of the plant,
it assumes the habit of an erect low-growing shrub, 3 ft. high.
XXIII. CEPHALOCROTON, Hochst.
Flowers monecious; petals 0. Male: Calyx closed in bud,
splitting into 3-4 valvate lobes. Disc 0. Stamens 6-8; filaments
free, 2-seriate, inflexed above in bud, but again erect under the
anthers ; anthers dorsitixed, 2-celled ; cells dehiscing longitudinally.
Rudimentary ovary columnar, short, entire or 2—3-lobed. Female:
sepals 5-6, elongated, unequal, pinnatifid. Dise annular. Ovary
3-celled ; ovules solitary in each cell ; styles connate below in a
short column, free and multifid above. Capsule 3-coccous ; cocci
2-valved. Seeds ecaruneulate ; albumen fleshy ; cotyledons broad,
flat.
Shrubs, stellately hairy; leaves alternate, 3-5-nerved at the base; stipules
small, lacinulate ; racemes terminal, androgynous, the male flowers aggregated in
an apical peduncled subglobose head, the female flowers basal, long-pedicelled.
Distrip. Species about 8, all natives of Africa.
1. C. depauperatus (Pax & K. Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenr. Euphorb.
Adrian. 12) ; a shrub, freely branching ; branches and twigs clothed
with harsh scattered stellate pubescence; leaves sessile or very
shortly petioled, firmly membranous, spathulate-lanceolate, apex
obtuse, base cuneate, margin entire, 3-1 in. long, 4—} in. wide, at
first rather densely clothed with stellate pubescence, but soon
becoming glabrous or with only a thin scattered stellate tomentum ;
stipules very small, spreading; male flower-heads almost globose,
¢ in. across, borne on a slender peduncle 3-1} in. long, the flowers
numerous ; female flowers at base of peduncle solitary, their pedicel
3 in. long; male calyx-lobes ovate-triangular, acute, 1 lin. long,
glabrous ; stamens 5-6 ;- rudimentary ovary columnar, dilated at
the tip; female sepals densely stellate-pubescent, deeply pinnately
4—5-lacinulate on each side; ovary finely pubescent; styles very
‘shortly connate below, much laciniate above, glabrous ; capsule
closely stellate-pubescent, } in. across.
Katanari ReGion: Transvaal ; Koomati Poort, 1000 ft., Schlechter, 11779!
ELrythrococca.| EUPHORBIACES (Prain). 459
XXIV. ERYTHROCOCCA, Benth.
_ Flowers dicecious; petals 0. Male: Calyx closed in bud, splitting
into 3-4 valvate lobes. Stamens 2-60, usually intermixed with
small glands and sometimes surrounded by a ring of similar free or
connate glands ; filaments free, longer or shorter than the anthers ;
anthers erect, 2-celled, cells free from the base, opening by longi-
tudinal extrorse slits. Rudimentary ovary 0. Female: Calyx
2- (less often 3—4-) partite. Disc usually of 2-3 free scales or lobes.
Ovary 2-3-celled ; ovules solitary in each cell ; styles usually connate
below ; stigmas plumosely laciniate, less often smooth. Capsule
usually 2-coccous, less often 3-coccous or by abortion 1-coccous;
cocci subglobose, opening loculicidally ; valves coriaceous, sub-
persistent. Seeds subglobose, covered by a thin aril; testa
crustaceous ; albumen fleshy ; cotyledons broad, flat.
Shrubs ; twigs slender; buds perulate; bark lenticelled ; leaves alternate,
stipulate ; stipules cartilaginous, often accrescent and modified into weak thorns or
Spines ; flowers small or very small, usually racemose ; peduncles slender ; pedicels
capillary, articulate ; male flowers usually several, female flowers usually solitary .
to each bract.
Disrrig. Species about 40, all confined to Africa save one, which extends from
Abyssinia to Arabia.
Leaves thinly membranous, entire or faintly crenate ; :
stamens about 30 te ES Soc! Ss GLY a.
Leaves firm, distinctly serrate ; stamens 15-18 ... ... (2) berberidea.
1. E. natalensis (Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1911, 91); a shrub;
twigs at first sparingly pubescent, soon glabrous ; leaves short-
petioled, thinly membranous, ovate-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, base
narrow-cuneate, margin distantly glandular-crenate or subentire,
1-1} in. long, 4-3 in. wide, glabrous; petiole 1-1} lin. long ;
stipules modified into conical thorns 1 lin. long ; flowers racemose,
rather small; male racemes few-flowered, their peduncle slender,
glabrous, 1~3 in. long; pedicels capillary, 14-24 lin. long, jointed
near the base; bracts minute, each usually 2~-3-flowered; calyx
whitish, thinly membranous, deeply 4-lobed; lobes ovate, acute ;
stamens about 30, 10 outer, the rest central, accompanied by many
Ovate pilose inter-staminal glands and surrounded by a ring of
similar extra-staminal glands ; filaments longer than the sub-
globose anther-cells ; female flowers not seen. Prain in Ann. Bot.
xxv, 613,
Easrern REGION : Natal ; Mount Edgecumbe, Wood, 1089! Mount Moreland,
500 ft., Wood, 1391! and without precise locality, Gerrard, 81!
2. E. berberidea (Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1911, 92); a shrub;
twigs glabrous ; leaves short-petioled, firmly papery, ovate-lanceolate
_ Fr ovate, acute, base wide- to narrow-cuneate, margin regularly and dis-
460 EUPHORBIACE# (Prain). | Erythrococea.
tinctly serrate, 1}~21 in. long, 3-3 in. wide, glabrous above, sparingly
adpressed-hirsute on the nerves beneath ; petiole somewhat pube-
scent, 1} lin. long; stipules modified into conical thorns 1-1} lin.
long ; flowers racemose, rather small; male racemes few-flowered,
their peduncles slender, glabrous, very short ; pedicels capillary, over
1 in. long, jointed near the base; bracts minute, each several-
flowered ; calyx whitish, deeply 4-lobed ; lobes ovate, subacute;
stamens 15-18, 8-10 outer, the rest central, accompanied by many
ovate pilose inter-staminal glands and surrounded by a ring of
5 flattened extra-staminal glands; female bracts each 1-flowered ;
female calyx green, 3-lobed ; lobes ovate, subacute, their margins
ciliate ; ovary glabrous, 3-celled ; styles 3, free to the base, laciniate
throughout ; dise-scales 3, free, triangular, thin ; capsule usually
2-coccous or 1-coccous, } in. wide ; seeds subspherical. Prain in
Ann. Bot. xxv. 613.
Eastern Recion: Natal; near Durban, 100-200 ft., Wood, 7582! 9216 ! 9439 !
11810! Gerrard, 549! Mount Edgecombe, 200 ft., Wood, 11593 !
XXV. MICROCOCCA, Benth.
Flowers dicecious or moneecious ; petals 0. Male: Calyx closed in
bud, splitting into 3 valvate lobes. Stamens 3-30; filaments free,
associated or not with minute inter-staminal glands; anthers 2-celled ;
cells basifixed, erect, free except at the base, dehiscing extrorsely.
Rudimentary ovary 0. Female: Calyx 3—4-partite ; lobes imbricate.
Ovary 3-celled, very rarely 4-celled ; ovules solitary in each cell ;
styles 3, rarely 4, free, plumose-laciniate throughout. Disc composed
of linear or flattened hypogynous scales alternate with the carpels.
Capsule 3-dymous, rarely 4-dymous, breaking up both septicidally
and loculicidally into 3, rarely 4, 2-valved cocci; valves thinly
crustaceous. Seeds globose with a thin aril and a crustaceous
foveolate testa ; albumen fleshy ; cotyledons usually broad, flat.
Shrubs or herbs; leaves alternate; stipules very small; racemes axillary,
usually 1-sexual, occasionally androgynous ; male flowers glomerulate, occasionally
with a central female flower ; rarely the racemes mainly male but with a solitary
terminal female flower ; bracts small.
Distris. Species 9, three confined to Africa, two to the Mascarene Islands and
three in South-East Asia, with one wide-spread in all three regions.
1. M. capensis (Prain in Ann. Bot. xxv. 630) ; a diccious shrub,
10-15 ft. high, rather sparingly branched ; twigs glabrous ; leaves
long-petioled, membranous, elliptic-lanceolate, acute or shortly
acutely acuminate, base cuneate, margin sharply serrate, 4-6 in.
long, 1{-2 in. wide, glabrous; petiole 3-1} in. long, glabrous ;
stipules lanceolate, adpressed-pubescent, small, caducous; racemes
axillary, male 3-6 in. long, female 2-4 in. long; male flowers 6-20
Micrococea. | EUPHORBIACE# (Prain). 461
to each bract ; female flowers solitary to their bracts, glomerules
occasionally shortly peduncled ; male pedicels } in. long or less,
female pedicels 1—1 in. long; bracts minute, ovate-lanceolate ;
male calyx membranous, 3-lobed ; stamens about 15; receptacular
glands 0; female calyx 3-partite; lobes imbricate, their mar-
gins sparingly pilose; ovary glabrous, 3-celled ; capsule thinly
crustaceous. Claoxylon capense, Baill. Etud. Gén. Euphorb. 493,
and in Adansonia, iii. 161 ; Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 786 ;
Sim, For. Fl. Cape Col. 317, and For. Fl. Port. E. Afr. 105,
Eastern Recion: Pondoland ; near the Umsikaba River, Drége, 4636 ! Isinuka,
near mouth of St. John’s River, 100 ft., Flanagan, 2502! Bolus, 10283! Egossa,
Sim, 2415! and without precise locality, Bachmann, 805! Natal ; without precise
locality, Gerrard, 1179! Zululand ; Ngoya, 1000-2000 ft., Wylie in Herb. Wood,
7905! Wood, 11570! Entumeni, 1500 ft., Wood, 3979! Delagoa Bay ; Lourenco
Marques, Sim; Maputa, Sim.
XXVI. MERCURIALIS, Linn.
Flowers dicecious ; petals0. Male : Calyx closed in bud, splitting
into 3 valvate lobes. Stamens 8—20; filaments free, attached to a
small receptacle ; anther-cells globose or ovoid, divaricate or pen-
dulous, ultimately ascending, opening longitudinally above. Disc 0.
Rudimentary ovary 0. Female: Calyx 3-sect to the base. Ovary
2-celled, rarely 3-celled ; hypogynous scales alternate with the cells,
linear-subulate ; ovules solitary in each cell; styles free almost to
the base, short, erect or spreading, papillose, undivided. Capsule
2- (very rarely 3-) dymous, breaking up into 2-valved cocci ;
endocarp crustaceous. Seeds ovoid or globose, smooth or rough,
testa crustaceous ; albumen fleshy ; cotyledons broad, flat.
Annual or perennial herbs, glabrous or pubescent ; leaves opposite, often
toothed, penninerved ; racemes axillary, male slender, the flowers in sparse
distant clusters on the distal half of the rhachis, female usually very short with
1-2 subsessile axillary flowers
_ Disrrrs. Species 6, all save one European ; ‘one of the European species is an
introduced weed in South Africa.
1. M. annua (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i, 1035); an annual usually
dicecious herb; stem 4-1} ft. high; leaves short-petioled, mem-
branous, opposite, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute, base rounded or
cordate, margin crenate-serrate, 14—2 in. long, 3-1} in. wide, shortly
ciliate on the margins, elsewhere glabrous on both surfaces ; petiole
3-1 in. long, glabrous ; stipules lanceolate ; male racemes up to 2 in.
long ; male bracts ovate, acute; female clusters sometimes with
male flowers intermixed ; styles simple, diverging ; capsule small,
tubercled, hispid, 2-coccous; seeds brown, reticulate. Burm. f.
Prodr, 27 bis [31]; Thunb. Prodr. 78, and Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 387,
462 EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). | Mercurialis.
as to description and partly as to specimens, but exel. loc. Outeniqua ; i
Baill. Adansonia, iii. 158 ; Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 797; .
Prainin Ann. Bot, xxvii. 397. he
Coast Recton: Cape Div. ; near Capetown, Oldenland ; Thunberg! Lehmann !
Schlechter, 1864! Tulbagh Div. ; near Tulbagh, Avissner, 1287 !
The earliest record of this introduced species having been collected at the Cape
is that of Burmann in 1768 who had seen specimens in Oldenland’s herbarium.
The next record is that by Thunberg in 1794. Miiller has ignored Burmann’s
statement and, owing to Thunberg having in his herbarium mixed up Leidesia
capensis with M. annua, bas transferred M. annua, Thunb. non Linn., as a
synonym, to L. capensis; Baillon’s statement has also been left unnoticed by
Miller, Since 1866, when Miiller wrote, Schlechter and Kissner have both
proved that M. annua, Linn., is actually present as a weed in cultivated ground
in South Africa. The doubt which Miiller’s action has thrown upon the judgment
of Burmann and Thunberg and Baillon is thereby removed,
XXVII. LEIDESIA, Mill. Arg.
Flowers moncecious ; petals 0; dise 0. Male: Calyx closed in
bud, splitting into 3 valvate lobes. Stamens 3-7 ; filaments short,
slender, occasionally connate below ; anther-cells globose, free from
the base, at length spreading, 2-valved. Rudimentary ovary 0.
Female ; Calyx reduced to a single short narrow bract, or obsolete.
Ovary 2-celled ; ovules solitary in each cell; styles 2, free, linear,
undivided. Capsule 2-dymous or occasionally by abortion 1-celled,
globose ; cocci 2-valved, endocarp thinly crustaceous. Seeds sub-
eal testa crustaceous; albumen fleshy; cotyledons broad,
at.
Delicate annual branching herbs ; leaves alternate or at the branching nodes
nearly opposite, ovate or orbicular, very thinly membranous, wide-toothed or
entire ; racemes terminal or in dichasia, rhachis filiform ; male flowers minute, 1n
numerous fascicles towards the apex of the raceme ; female flowers few towards
the base of the rhachis, subtended by a leafy bract; bracts and male calyx-
segments usually setose; capsules small, hispid.
Distris, Three endemic species.
Stems firm, woody at the base; leaves narrow, thrice as
long as broad, closely minutely crenate _... ... (1) firmula.
Stems succulent throughout; leaves nearly as broad as
long, wide-crenate :
Leaves 4-7-toothed on each side ee wise ... (2) capensis.
Leaves 1-3-toothed on each side wis abe ... (3) obtusa.
1, L. firmula (Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1912, 337) ; a rigid herb;
stems yellowish-green, glabrous, erect, copiously intricately branched,
6 in. high ; leaves short-petioled, membranous, ovate-lanceolate OF
lanceolate, acute, base narrow-cuneate, margin closely crenate, 3—} in.
long, 3-1} in. wide, finely pubescent on the margins, elsewhere
glabrous on both surfaces, not puncticulate ; petiole 1-1} in. long;
Leidesia. | EUPHORBIACE (Prain), 463
glabrous ; stipules lanceolate ; racemes $—} in. long; male bracts
ovate, acute, 1, in. long, hispid; male calyx 3-partite, lobes ovate,
acute, sparingly hispid outside; stamens usually 3, sometimes 4,
capsule 2-coccous ; cocci hispidulous, | lin. long. Prain in Ann. Bot,
xxvu, 400,
WEsTERN REGION: Great Namaqualand; Gamokab, Schinz, 898! Karukab,
Schinz, 899! Groot Fontein, Dinter, 700!
A very distinct species, in habit and consistence of leaves and stems bearing to
the remaining members of the genus exactly the relationship which most of the
species of Adenocline bear to A. procumbens, Benth. It differs most strikingly
from the remaining two species in having pedicelled female flowers,
2. L. capensis (Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 793, excl. syn.
Urtica capensis, Linn. f. and Thunb.) ; a succulent herb ; stem green,
glabrous, suberect or diffuse, 4-12 in. long ; leaves long-petioled, very
thinly membranous, deltoid-ovate, subacute or obtuse, base truncate
or shortly wide-cuneate, margin shallow-crenate, lobes 4 or more
a side, }-2 in. long, $-1} in. wide, puncticulate, very sparingly
pubescent above, glabrous or nearly so beneath ; petiole }-1} in.
long, glabrous; stipules lanceolate; racemes I-2 in. long; male
bracts triangular-ovate, subacute, } in. long, hispid ; male calyx
3-partite, lobes ovate, acute, sparingly hispid outside; stamens
usually 6-7; capsule 2-coccous; cocci hispidulous, over 1 lin.
across. Benth. in Hook. Ic. Pl. xiii. 66, partly and excl. t. 1284;
Pax in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. v. 50, fig. 31 A, B.D. son-
deriana, Mill. Arg. 1.c. 699 (name only). L. procumbens, Prain in
Ann. Bot. xxvii. 400. Mercurialis procumbens, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i.
1036. M. androgyna, Steud. Nomencl. ed. i. 524. M. annua, Thunb.
Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 387, partly (Outeniqua spec. only); not of Linn.
M. tricocea, FE. Meyer in Drege, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 201 partly
(d, e, only). M. capensis, Spreng. ex Eckl. d& Zeyh. in Linnea, xx.
213 (name only) ; Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 112, partly, and excl. syn.
Linn. f., and Thunb. ; Baill. Adansonia, iii. 158, partly, and ewel. syn.
Linn. and Lehm. Croton Ricinocarpos, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. ii. 1427 ;
Aubl. Hist. Pl. Guy. ii. 883; Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 551; Geisel. Crot.
Monogr. 66; Spreng. Syst. iii. 877, as to descript. and syn. M.
androgyna, excl. syn. Boerhaave and loe. Surinam. Uritica capensis,
Eckl. Un. Tt. n. 814 ; not of Linn. f. Adenocline Mercurialis, Baill.
Etud. Gén. Euphorb. 457, partly ; not of Turez.
Sourn Arrica: without locality, Herb. Swartz! and cultivated specimens !
Coast Region: Cape Div. ; Fable Mountain, Heklon, 814! Zeyher, 3844!
Lehmann! Masson! Wright, 426! Devils Mountain, 1200 ft., Heklon! Harvey,
504! Bolus, 2941! Wilms, 3623! above Overige Kloof, 2800 ft.g Schlechter, 408 !
above Groote Schuur, Wolley-Dod, 607! George Div. ; Outeniqua Mountains,
Thunberg! Roode Muur, Drége (M. tricocca a)! near George, Burchell, 5847 !
Rogers | Uniondale Div. ; Longkloof, Dimmer, 1376! Knysna Div. ; Yzer Nek,
Burchell, 5247 | Karratera River, Drege (M. tricocca e)! Albany Div.; without
precise locality, Bowie, 18!
Karanart hese: Transvaal ; Houtbosh, 6500 ft,, Rehmann, 5923! Schlechter,
'
*
464 EUPHORBIACEA (Prain). | Leidesia.
Eastern Recion: Tembuland; between Cala and Ugie, 5000 ft., Bolus, 10284!
Griqualand East ; Malowe Forest, Tyson, 2118! Natal; Ismont, 2000 ft., Wood,
1867 !
This is Mercurialis procumbens, Linn., and M. androgyna, Steud. ; it is not
Urtica capensis, Linn. f. (Acalypha decumbens, Thunb., var. villosa, Miill. Arg.),
nor is it U. capensis, Thunb. (Australina capensis, Wedd., and Droguetia Thun-
bergit, N. E. Br., mixed).
3. L. obtusa (Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 793); a succulent
herb ; stems green, glabrous, suberect or diffuse, 4-12 in. long;
leaves long-petioled, very thinly membranous, orbicular-ovate,
obtuse, base wide-cuneate, margin crenate, lobes shallow, 3 or
fewer on each side, 4-1 in. long, }—? in. wide, puncticulate, very
sparingly pubescent above, glabrous or nearly so beneath ; petiole
3-1 in. long, glabrous, stipules lanceolate ; racemes 3-1 in. long;
male bracts ovate, obtuse, } in. long, hispid; male calyx 3-partite,
lobes ovate, acute, sparingly hispid outside ; stamens usually 4-5;
capsule 2-coccous ; cocci hispidulous, under 1 lin. long. Prain in
Ann. Bot. xxvii. 401. L. capensis, Benth. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1284;
not of Mill. Arg. Acalypha obtusa, Thunb. Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 546 ;
Lehm. ex Baill. Adansonia, iti. 159, A. obtusata, Spreng. ex Steud.
Nomencl. ed. 2, i. 10, mainly. Mercurialis tricocca, E. Meyer in
Drege, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 201, partly (a partly, b partly); Sond.
in Linnea, xxiii. 111, partly. M. capensis, Baill, Adansonia, ii.
158, as to syn. Lehm. only ; Spreng.in Herb. Berol. ex Miill. Arg. Le. ;
not of Eckl. & Zeyh. in Linnea, xx. 213. Adenocline Mercurialis,
Baill, Etud. Gén. Euphorb. 457, partly ; not of Turez.
SoutH Arrica: without locality, Thunberg! Lehmann !
Coast Recion: Cape Div. ; shore near Smitswinkel Bay, Wolley-Dod, 3302!
Uitenhage Div. ; Zuurberg Range, Drége! Zwartkops River, Ecklon & Zeyher, 35!
near Uitenhage, Prior! Port Elizabeth Div. ; Baakens River Valley, Mrs. Paterson,
841! Alexandria Div. ; Zuurberg, Drége (M. tricocca b partly)! Bathurst Div. ;
near Barville Park, Burchell, 4091! Albany Div. ; Dassie Krantz, Rogers, 3961!
CentTRAL Rreion : Willowmore Div. ; Karroo between the Great Zwart Bergen
and Aasvogel Berg, 2000 ft., Drege (M. tricocea a in Herb. Kew)! Somerset Div. ;.
between the Zuurberg Range and Bruintjes Hoek, Drége (M. tricocca b partly);
woods at foot of Boschberg, 3000 ft., MacOwan, 1752! and without precise locality,
Miss Bowler !
ZL, obtusa, Miill. Arg., is so nearly allied to Z. capensis, Miill. Arg., that it
may prove on closer field-study to be an ecological state of the latter species
within which it has, so far as mere description goes, been included by Sprengel,
Sonder, Baillon, Bentham and others, The two are, however, so distinct a8
regards facies that Z. obtusa has hardly ever been distributed as L. capensis ;
the practice has been to issue it as Adenocline procumbens, from which it
differs widely in floral characters, but which it resembles in general
appearance,
XXVIII. SEIDELIA, Baill.
Flowers moneecious ; petals 0; disc 0. Male: Calyx closed in
bud, splitting into 3 valvate lobes. Stamens usually 3, less often 2,
central; filaments shortly connate below; anther-cells deeply —
Seidelia. | EUPHORBIACE (Prain). 465
grooved and 2-globose in flower, opening apically and at length
cruciately 4-valved. Rudimentary ovary 0. Female: Calyx short,
deeply 3-lobed, explanate under the flower. Ovary 2-celled ; ovules
Solitary in each cell; styles 2, short, slender, undivided, recurved.
Capsule 2-dymous ; cocci 2-valved, pericarp membranous. Seeds
ovoid ; testa crustaceous ; albumen fleshy ; cotyledons ovate, only
twice as broad as the radicle.
Small annual, glabrous herbs ; leaves alternate, narrow ; flowers small, in
glomerules or cymules at the ends of the branches or in the upper leaf-axils,
Shortly pedicelled; the upper densely clustered all male, those below female,
Distris. Two endemic species.
Leaves ovate-oblong, margin crenate throughout, dis-
Gly petiolate ged ak sie te a
Leaves linear-lanceolate or linear, margin entire or 1-2- oe
toothed on each side, sessile or nearly so... ... (2) Mercurialis.
1. S. pumila (Baill. Etud. Gén. Euphorb. 466); a small annual
herb ; stems 2-5 in. high, erect, much intricately branched ; leaves
distinctly petioled, ovate-oblong, obtuse, base cuneate, margin
crenate throughout, 3-5 lin. long, 2-3 lin. wide, glabrous on both
surfaces ; petiole 14-2 lin. long ; stipules minute, subulate ; flowers
axillary in androgynous sessile or very shortly peduncled glomerules ;
male calyx 3-partite, lobes ovate ; stamens usually 3, ‘sometimes
2~1; capsule 2-dymous ; cocci | lin. long, smooth. Prain in Ann
Bot. xxvii. 398. ° Mercurialis pumila, Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 112;
Baill. Adansonia, iii. 160. Tragia triandra, a pumila, Mill. Arg.
in DC. Prodr, xv. ii. 947.
Coast Recon: Uitenhage Div, ; by the Zwartkops River near Amsterdam
Flats, Zeyher, 3843 !
2. 8. Mercurialis (Baill. Etud. Gén. Euphorb. 466, t. 9, fig. 7);
a small annual herb ; stems 3-4 in. long, branching from the base,
prostrate ; leaves sessile or subsessile, linear-lanceolate or linear,
apex obtuse or subacute, base narrow-cuneate, margin entire or
1-2-toothed on each side near apex, 4-8 lin, long, | lin. or less in
width ; petiole 0-1 lin. long; stipules minute, subulate ; a
axillary in androgynous sessile or very shortly ne a glome-
rules ; male calyx 3-partite ; lobes ovate ; stamens usually : a
times 2—1 ; capsule 2-dymous ; cocci 1 lin. long, smooth. S. triandra,
Pax in Engl. Jahrb. x. 35, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
iii. v. 50, fig. 31 GC; Prain in Ann. Bot. xxvii, 39. vee
triandra, E. Meyer in Linnea, iv. 237 and in Drége, = wi
Documente, 201 ; Sond. in Linnea, xxii. 113, excl. syn. Meisn. ;
Baill. Adansonia, iii. 160, excl. syn. Meisn, Tragia triandra,
B genuina, Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 947. .
: Ri iy. ; Winterveld near Limoenfontein and Groo
a en: regen fi Hanover Div. ; near Hanaver, Sim, 13!
Katanari Recron; Griqualand West ; Kimberley, Marloth, 869! :.
FL. C.— VOL. V.—SECT. II.
466 EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). | Acalypha.
XXIX. ACALYPHA, Linn.
Flowers moneecious, very rarely dicecious ; petals 0 ; dise 0. Male :
Calyx closed in bud, splitting into 4 valvate lobes. Stamens usually -
8, attached to a slightly raised receptacle ; filaments free ; anther-
cells distinct, spreading, oblong or linear, usually flexuous, 2-valved.
Rudimentary ovary 0. Female: Calyx 3-4-partite ; lobes almost
free, imbricate, very small. Ovary 3-celled ; ovules solitary in each
cell ; styles free or connate below, laciniate or denticulate, very
rarely entire or merely 2-lobed. Capsule 3-celled, slightly 3-lobed,
usually small and breaking up into 2-valved cocci. Seeds ellipsoid
or subglobose ; testa crustaceous ; albumen fleshy ; cotyledons broad,
flat.
Herbs, shrubs or trees ; leaves alternate, 3-7-nerved from the base, the central
nerve usually also penninerved ; margin usually toothed ; petiole usually distinct ;
inflorescence various, axillary or terminal or both, androgynous or 1-sexual, when
androgynous the female flowers usually basal, rarely ‘apical, when 1-sexual the
male in axillary spikes below the female, rarely in axillary spikelets above, more
usually in a close-set terminal spike, rarely in a loose terminal panicle ; occasionally
terminal female spikes and axillary male spikes on separate plants or on distinct
branches of same plant; male flowers very small, glomerate in axils of small
bracts, arranged in amentaceous spikes ; female flowers solitary or paired in the
axil of a toothed or lobed bract which becomes foliaceous in fruit.
Distrrs. Species about 300, throughout the warmer regions of both hemispheres ;
a few in extra-tropical Africa and America. :
Acalypha patens, Mill. Arg. (DC. Prodr. xv. ii.848), described from a specimen sup-
posed to be South African, is the West Indian A. chamadrifolia, Miill. Arg. (1.c.879).
Spikes normally 2-sexual ; leaves distinctly to long-petioled :
Shrubs or small trees :
Spikes with a perfect terminal female flower and only aoe
male flowers below ; branches spinescent... ... (1) sonderiana.
Spikes with a perfect basal female flower and only male
flowers above ; branches unarmed .,. ci ... (2) glabrata.
Herbs, annual ; spikes with several female flowers below
and often one or more terminal abortive female
flowers beyond the males :
Spikes more or less clustered towards tips of branches (3) glomerata.
Spikes uniformly disposed along stems and branches :
Female bracts about 20-toothed; teeth narrow
MONE oo inte i aph sebew che, cue Le). ee
Female bracts 15- or fewer-toothed :
Stems simple below; female bracts triangular
dentate ... ue ies eee a ... (5) indica.
Stems much branched at the base ; female bracts :
crenulate desk ie aan, a ve) eagetals
Spikes normally 1-sexual :
Leaves distinctly to long-petioled ; plants always monc-
cious :
Female flowers in few-flowered spikelets in leaf-axils
above the male spikes, very rarely aggregated in a
large terminal spike ; stems slender, prostrate or
climbing ; female bracts } in. across or larger ... (7) decumbens.
Acalypha]: EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). 467
Female flowers always aggregated in a large terminal
spike :
Female bracts under } in. long ; perennials :
Stems erect; female bracts densely stipitate-
glandular but not setose a ub ... (8) senensis,
Stems prostrate or decumbent; female bracts
ciliate, very sparingly stipitate-glandular ... (9) petiolaris.
Female bracts } in. long or longer ; annual.,. ... (10) Eckloni.
Leaves sessile or subsessile ; plants normally dicecious :
Stems procumbent :
Leaves eglandular : :
Leaves glabrous or nearly so ss sie ... (11) Zeyheri.
Leaves more or less pubescent ah pee .-. (12) peduncularis.
Leaves glandular : ates
Leaves glabrous or nearly so wes vee eee (13) glandulifolia.
Leaves rather densely strigose... wid --» (14) entumenica.
Stems erect :
Leaves not glandular : Nae
Leaves with entire margins Bt eae ... (15) depressinervia.
Leaves with serrate margins :
Leaves narrow-lanceolate,.. ey Bye .-. (16) angustata.
Leaves ovate an ... (17) caperonioides.
Leaves more or less glandular : :
Glands on upper leaves and outside of female
bracts sessile : ee ‘ es -». (18) punctata.
Glands on upper leaves and outside of female ee
bracts stipitate ... oa +» +++ (19) Wilmsit,
1. A. sonderiana (Mill. Arg. in Linnea, xxxiv. 9); a small tree,
much branched ; branches rigid, leafy branches often ending in stiff
pungent spines; bark glabrous, lenticelled ; buds perulate ; leaves
membranous, distinctly petioled, oblong-ovate or -elliptic, obtuse,
base rounded, margin bluntly rather wide-crenate, 1-2} in. long,
3-1 in. wide, glabrous on both surfaces, clustered at the apices of
short lateral twigs along the branches ; twigs densely or loosely
clothed with subimbricating rigid ovate-acute seales ; petiole }—} in.
long, sparingly pubescent ; stipules small ; inflorescence 2-sexual,
with a solitary terminal jointed female flower and with rather
distant clusters of male flowers downwards ; spikes solitary, geminate
or ternate, mixed with the leaves at the tips of the scaly twigs,
3-1} in. long ; rhachis white-puberulous ; bracts all minute ; male
Several-flowered, ovate, acute; male buds glabrous, distinctly pedi-
celled ; female calyx 4—6-partite ; lobes ovate, acute ; ovary distinctly
3-celled, harshly puberulous ; styles 3, free to the base, laciniate ;
seeds globose. DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 804 ; Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913,
12. 4. ? petiolaris, Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 117 ; Walp. Ann. iii. 367.
Ricinocarpus sonderianus, O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. ii. 618.
Eastern REGION : Natal ; near Durban, (fueinzius, 11! 510! Gerrard, 1625 !
A very distinct species. og
468 EUPHORBIACE (Prain). | Acalypha.
2. A. glabrata (Thunb. Prodr. 117); a shrub or small tree,
3-20 ft. high, much branched ; branches flexible, bark lenticelled ;
buds perulate ; leaves firmly membranous, distinctly petioled, ovate,
acute or acuminate, base wide-cuneate or subtruncate, margin crenate
or serrate except at the entire base, those produced in dry areas or
seasons }-1 in. long, 1-3 in. wide, those produced during rains
2-3 in. long, 14-2} in. wide, glabrous throughout or sparingly
villous on the nerves beneath especially towards the base, but
at length glabrous ; petiole 1-13 in. long, channelled above and
there puberulous or pubescent ; sepals subulate, spreading, glabrous,
persistent, 1 lin. long ; inflorescence normally 2-sexual; spikes narrow,
sessile, 3-14 in. long, with rather close-set clusters of male flowers
throughout and with a solitary basal female flower, often the lower
spikes with only male flowers and usually the uppermost inflorescences
reduced to solitary female flowers; male bracts minute, lanceolate,
glabrous, 3—8-flowered ; male buds glabrous, shortly pedicelled ; female
bracts spathaceous, ovate, plicate, 5—7-toothed, pubescent outside, at
first 14 lin., ultimately up to 5 lin. wide; female calyx minute,
3-lobed ; lobes ovate ; ovary slightly 3-lobed, densely setose ; styles
3, very shortly united at the base, free above, at first terete, simple,
in their upper half much laciniate ; seeds globose. Thunb. Fl. Cap.
Cape Col. 318, t. 142, fia. 2; Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 12.
see owe
Coast Recion: George Div.; woods near George, 900 ft., Schlechter, 2411,
partly! Uitenhage Div.; between the Kromme River and Uitenhage, Zeyher,
1517 a, partly! Addo, 1000-2000 ft., Burke! Zeyher, 1517 b! Zwartkops River,
Prior! Enon, Drége, 2332! Port Elizabeth Div. ; Krakkakamma Forest Ecklon &
Zeyher, 72, partly! Ecklon, 1124! Zeyher, 1517 a, partly! Alexandria Div. +
Bushman River, Thunberg! Zeyher, 1517 ¢! Bathurst Div.; near the Kowle
River, Ecklon & Zeyher, 72, partly ! Kasuga, MacOwan, 715! Port Alfred, 300 ft.,
Schlechter, 2692! Potts, 197! Fort Beanfort Div.; near Fort Beaufort, 1000-
2000 ft., Ecklon & Zeyher, 72, partly! King Williamstown Div. ; Perie Forest,
Kuntze, 6004! East London Div. ; East London, Rattray, 123! Komgha Div.
Kei Bridge, 560 ft., Rogers, 4506! Kei River near Komgha, 600 ft., Flanagan,
2318 ! British Caffraria ; without precise locality, Cooper, 228! Var. 8: Bathurst
Div. ; Fish River near Trumpeter’s Drift, Drége, a! 4595! King Williamstow?
Div. ; Perie Forest, Kuntze, 5466! Komgha Div. ; Kei Bridge, 1800 ft., Flanaga",
Acalypha, | EUPHORBIACEA (Prain), 469
1214! near Kei River, 2000 ft., Schlechter, 6250! Prospect Farm, 2100 ft.,
Flanagan, 409!
Katawart Recron : Orange River Colony ; between the Orange River and the
Caledon River, Zeyher! Transvaal ; Zoutspansberg Range, near Goldgedacht,
3700 ft., Schlechter, 4602, partly! Blaauw Berg, Schlechter! Shilovane, Junod
1100! Crocodile River, Miss Leendertz, 716! Barberton, Thorncroft, 4328 !
Var. 8: Goldgedacht, Schlechter, 4602, partly !
Eastern REGION: Transkei; Bashee River, Drége, b! Kentani, 1000 ft., Miss
Pegler, 874! Pondoland ; Port St. John, Isnuka, Galpin, 3484! between the
Umtata River and St. John’s River, Drége, 4655! Natal; near Durban, Gueinzius,
476! Gerrard, 82! 546! Drege, c! 4593! 4610! Wood, 1715! Scott Elliot, 1691!
Rehmann, 8976! 8977! Schlechter, 2931! Wilms, 2267! Clairmont, Zngler,
2518a! 2524! Kuntze, 9695! Inanda, Wood, 404! 430! Umgeni, Rehmann,
8802, partly! Friedenau, 1750 ft., Rudatis, 1166! Var. 8: Transkei; Bashee
River, Drége! Kentani, Miss Pegler, 606! 1198! Natal; Inanda, Wood, 1241!
Tugela, Gerrard, 1623! Colenso, Rehmann, 7164!
A very distinct species most nearly allied to A. fruticosa, Forsk. (A. betulina,
Retz.), but readily distinguished by having no glands on the leaves beneath.
The variety latifolia, recognised by Sonder,'Miiller and Kuntze, is not a valid one,
but is based on specimens of twigs whose leaves have been produced in humid
areas or during wet seasons. The variety termed pilosior by Kuntze (1893) and
pilosa by Pax (1898) is perhaps not wholly natural, for specimens from Natal
(Wood, 1241) as well as from the Transvaal (Schlechter, 4602) indicate that it too
passes insensibly into true A. glabrata.
3. A. glomerata (Hutchinson in Kew Bulletin, 1911, 229) ;
herbaceous, annual; stems sparingly branched from the base, up to
1} ft. high, somewhat sulcate, pubescent with short simple reflexed
hairs often mixed with larger gland-tipped spreading hairs; leaves
membranous, long-petioled, ovate- or rhomboid-elliptic, obtuse or
subacute, base cuneate, margin crenate, 1-2} in. long, }-I} in.
wide, setulose-pubescent on the nerves and veins on both surfaces .
petiole pubescent, 42 in. long ; stipules subulate, ;', in. long, pilose,
caducous ; inflorescence 2-sexual, axillary ; spikes usually several to
an axil, short, about ? in. long, more or less aggregated in clusters
towards the ends of the branches, each with 4-10 fairly close-set
female flowers below, very few male flowers above and 1-3 densely
muricate abortive female flowers at the apex ; rhachis pubescent ;
male bracts very minute ; male buds almost glabrous ; female bracts
leafy, suborbicular or nearly reniform, margin 8-10-toothed, about
3 in, long, 3} in. wide, pubescent externally, nearly glabrous within,
but with several long gland-tipped hairs near the margins of the
teeth on the inner and sometimes also on the outer aspect ; sepals
3, ovate-lanceolate, acute, ciliate; ovary 3-lobed, setose-pubescent
and also beset with long gland-tipped hairs on the upper two-thirds ;
styles 3, free almost from the base, very slender, rather short ; seeds
ovoid-ellipsoid, minutely pitted. Hutchinson in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr.
Vi. i. 902; Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 15. A. fimbriata, Baill.
Adansonia, i. 272, partly ; not of Schumach., nor of Hochst. A, crenata,
var. glandulosa, Mill. Arg. in Linnea, xxxiv. 43, and in DC. Prodr.
XV. li. 871. Ricinocarpus crenatus, O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. iii. ii.
231 ; not of O. Kuntze l.c. ii. 617.
Eastern REGron : Delagoa Bay ; Louren¢o Marques, Howard, 5676!
Also in Eastern Tropical Africa from Bongo southwards.
470 EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). [-Acalypha.
4. A. ciliata (Forsk. Fl. Aigypt.-Arab. 162) ; herbaceous, annual ;
stem sparingly branched, up to 24 ft. high, striate, shortly
retrorsely hairy ; leaves membranous, long-petioled, ovate-elliptic or
rhomboid-ovate, caudate-acuminate, base rounded or faintly cuneate,
margin crenate-serrate, 11-41 in. long, }-2 in. wide, very slightly
scabrous on both surfaces and shortly pilose on the margins and
main-nerves beneath ; petiole 1-3} in. long, sulcate, at first faintly
pubescent, soon glabrous; stipules filiform, about 1} lin. long,
slightly pubescent ; inflorescence 2-sexual, axillary ; spikes solitary
or 2-nate, }-1 in. long, with about 10 female flowers below and
numerous male flowers above, with usually a solitary densely muri-
cate abortive female flower at the apex ; rhachis puberulous ; male
bracts very minute; male buds faintly puberulous ; female bracts
suborbicular, } in. long, if explanate } in. wide, with about 20
laciniate lobules terminating as many main-nerves, sparingly
patently ciliate externally and with a pubescent margin; sepals 3,
ovate-lanceolate, small, membranous, ciliate; ovary 3-lobed, small,
sparingly pubescent on the upper half; styles 3, free to the
base, slender, laciniate ; seeds ovoid, very minutely pitted. Vahl,
Symb. i. 77, t. 20; Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 522; Spreng. Syst. iii. 879 ;
Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 504; ° Baill. Adansonia, i. 72; Miill.
Arg. in Linnea, xxxiv. 44, and in DO. Prodr. xv. ii. 873, incl. var.
trichophora, Mill. Arg.; Wight & Arn. in Ann. Nat. Hist. ii. (1839)
iii. 4.5; Dalz. d& Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 228 ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. v. 417;
Pax in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 239; Pax in Baum, Kunene-Samb.
Exped. 283 ; Cooke, Fl. Bomb. ii. 611; N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin,
1909, 141 ; Hutchinson in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi.i. 901 ; Prain in Kew
Bulletin, 1913, 15. A. fimbriata, Schumach. & Thonn. Beskr. Guin.
Pl. 409; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 245; Baill. Adansonia, i. 272-
A. vahliana, Miill. Arg. in Linnea, xxxiv. 43, and in DO. Prodr. xv-
ii. 873; Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 147, t. 96; Paw in Engl.
Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 239 ; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 978 ; De Wild.
& Durand, Contr. Fl. Congo, i. 51; ii. 57, and Relig. Dewevr. 2113
De Wild. Miss. FE. Laurent, 131, and Etudes Fl. Bas- et Moyen-
Congo, ii. 284. Ricinocarpus ciliatus and R. vahlianus, O. Kuntze,
Rev. Gen. Pl. ii. 617, 618.
KataHari Recon: Transvaal ; Shilovane, Junod, 1028! 2188!
A widely spread weed in Tropical Africa, Arabia and India which just crosses
the northern boundary of our area,
5. A. indica (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 1003); herbaceous, annual ;
stem simple or sparingly branched, up to 3 ft. high, somewhat
sulcate, shortly pubescent; leaves membranous, long-petioled,
rhomboid-ovate, ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, acute or subacute,
base wide-cuneate or subtruncate, margin serrate, 3-24 in. long;
3—l in. wide, sparingly pubescent on the nerves on both surfaces,
otherwise glabrous; petiole 2-3 in. long, puberulous; stipules
filiform or subulate, } in. long, caducous ; inflorescence 2-sexual,
Acalypha. ]| EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). 471
axillary ; spikes solitary or geminate, 3—21 in. long, with 1-7 rather
remote female flowers below and rather few male flowers above with
usually a solitary densely muricate abortive female flower at the
apex ; rhachis puberulous; male bracts very minute; male buds
faintly puberulous ; female bracts 1-2-flowered, leafy, suborbicular,
obtuse, base rounded, margin triangular-dentate, 4-} in. long, if
explanate }—} in. wide, sparingly setulose on the margin and nerves
externally, otherwise glabrous ; sepals 3, ovate-triangular, sparingly
ciliate ; ovary deeply 3-lobed, pilose with tubercle-based hairs ;
styles 3, free from the base, short, laciniate ; seeds ovoid, minutely
and closely pitted. Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 523; Bl. Bijdr. 628; Spreng.
Syst. iii. 880; Roawb. Fl. Ind. iii. 675; Wight, Icon. t. 877; Mill.
Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii, 868, exel. var. abortiva ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit.
Ind. v. 416; Penzig in Atti Congr. Bot. Genova, 1892, 359; Pax in
Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 239, and in Baum, Kunene-Samb. Exped. 283 ;
Hiern in Cat. Afr. Welw. i. 978; Cooke, Fl. Bomb. ii. 610; Durand
d De Wild. Mat. Fl. Congo, ii. 61; De Wild. d Durand, Reliq.
Dewevr. 210; N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1909, 141; Th. & Hel.
Durand, Syll. Fl. Congol. 492 ; Hutchinson in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr.
vi.i. 903; Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 15. A. spicata, Forsk. Fl.
Aigypt.-Arab. 161. A. somalium, Mill. Arg. in Abhandl. Naturw.
Ver. Bremen, vii. 27. A. somalensis, Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 100.
Ricinocarpus indicus, O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. ii. 618.
Katawart Recion: Transvaal; Vaal River, Burke! near Hammans Kraal,
4400 ft., Schlechter, 4185! Avoca, near Barberton, 1900 ft., Galpin, 1237!
Komati Poort, Kirk, 105! Shilovane, Junod, 1321! 1615!
Eastern Recton: Natal; Tugela, Gerrard, 1624!
Also widely spread throughout Tropical Africa, the Mascarene Islands, Arabia
and South-eastern Asia.
6. A. segetalis (Miill. Arg. in Journ. Bot. 1864, 336); herba-
ceous, annual; stem rather copiously branched from the base,
up to 1 ft. high, somewhat sulcate ; leaves membranous, long-petioled,
ovate, obtuse or subacute, base more or less rounded, margin crenate,
2-14 in. long, }-1 in. wide, very sparingly pubescent on the nerves
beneath, otherwise glabrous; petiole 4-1} in. long, Ai eae $
stipules subulate, } in. long, caducous ; inflorescences . r
axillary ; spikes usually solitary, short, about # in. long, with 2—
rather remote female flowers below and rather few male flowers
above, with usually a solitary densely muricate abortive female
flower at the apex; rhachis puberulous ; male bracts very gp ;
male buds faintly puberulous ; female bracts 2-flowered, leafy, ovate,
acuminate, base subcordate, margin crenate, } in. long, if —e
3 in. wide, sparingly setulose on the margin and nerves ig eae ye
sometimes with a few glandular hairs intermixed ; sepals 3, igs es
small, sparingly ciliate ; ovary rather distinctly 3-lobed, ee tke Ey
beset with tubercle-based hairs; styles 3, free from the bees
slender, laciniate ; seeds ovoid, minutely and closely pitted. Mull.
472 EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). [ Acalypha.
Arg. in DC. Prodr, xv. ii. 877 ; Hiernin Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 979 ;
Hutchinson in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 904 ; Prain in Kew Bulletin,
1913, 15. A. sessilis, De Wild. & Durand in Bull. Herb. Boiss.
Qme sér.i. 47; De Wild. Miss. E. Laurent, 131, and Etudes Fl. Bas-
et Moyen-Congo, ii. 284; not of Poir, A, sessilis, var. brevibracteata,
Miill. Arg. in Flora, 1864, 465, A. sessilis, var. exserta, Miill. Arg.
lc. A. gemina, var. brevibracteata, Mill. Arg. in Linnea, xxxiv.
41, and in DC. Prodr. xv, ii. 866. A. genuina, var. exserta, Miill.
Arg. ll.cc. Ricinocarpus segetalis, O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. ii. 618.
Western Recion: Great Namaqualand; Rehoboth, Fleck, 170! Little Bush-
manland ; without precise locality, Fleck, 472 a!
KaLaHArRI REGION: Transvaal; Springbok Flats, Sampson, 4410! Shilovane,
Junod, 2346!
Eastern Recion: Natal; near Colenso, 3000-4000 ft., Wood, 4552! Delagoa
Bay; Lourenco Marques, Quintas, 210! Mabola, Schlechter, 11686! Incanhini,
Schlechter, 12043 !
Also rather widely spread in Tropical Africa,
Very, perhaps too, closely allied to A. indica, Linn.
7. A. decumbens (Thunb. Prodr. 117) ; shrubby, perennial ; stems
very slender, 6-8 ft. long, copiously branched, decumbent and
sometimes rooting at the nodes or climbing over bushes ; branches
very slender, faintly striate, glabrous; leaves membranous, long-
petioled, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, margin coarsely crenately
toothed, on the smaller twigs with the base often truncate, }-} in.
long, }—-} in. wide, on the main branches with the base distinctly
to deeply cordate, }-1} in. long, }-1 in. wide, glabrous above, very
closely softly white- or grey-puberulous-hoary beneath; petiole
3-} in. long, sparingly puberulous; stipules linear, spreading,
glabrous, 1 lin. long; inflorescences 1-sexual, male and female
distinct, both axillary, but the female spikes nearer the tips of
the twigs than the male and sometimes aggregated in a terminal
thyrsoid leafless spike; male spikes solitary to their axils, very
slender, 1}—2 in. long, with a naked peduncle 4-1 in, long ; peduncle
and rhachis finely puberulous; bracts minute, puberulous; buds
puberulous ; female spikes short, few-flowered, their peduncles 1-2
lin. long or shorter, with only 1-3 leafy bracts; occasionally the
lowest with a short terminal male portion; sometimes the leaves
towards the ends of the twigs obsolete and from 2-20 female spikes
aggregated in an ovoid mass up to 1} in. long and } in. across;
female bracts 1-flowered, reniform-ovate, strongly and coarsely
5—9-toothed; white- or grey-puberulous-hoary externally, glabrous
within, }-} in. across; calyx deeply lobed, lobes ovate-lanceolate ;
ovary 3-lobed, densely papillose; styles 3, nearly free, densely .
lacinulate: seeds subglobose. Thunb. Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 545;
Spreng. Syst. iii. 882. A. cordata, Thunb. Ul.ce.; Spreng. 1c. 880.
A. discolor, E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 161 ; Hochst.
apud Krauss in Flora, 1845, 84; Eckl. d& Zeyh. Linnea, xx. 213;
Baill. Adansonia, iii. 157 ; Mill. Arg. in Linnea, xxxiv. 38. A.
Acalypha. | EUPHORBIACE&: (Prain). 473
discolor, B major, Baill. lc. 158. A. capensis, 8 decumbens, Prain in
Kew Bulletin, 1913, 16. A. decumbens, B cordata and y genuina,
Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 864. Ricinocarpus decumbens,
O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. ii. 617.
Var. 8, villosa (Miill. Arg. in DC. Prodr, xv. ii, 864); twigs, petioles and
leaves beneath densely softly velvety with longish grey hairs; leaves above
sparingly adpressed white-pubescent ; female bracts softly strigose with spreading
white hairs ; leaves larger, up to 2 in. long, 14 in. wide, more uniformly cordate
at the base ; male spikes as in the type. Urtica capensis, Linn. f. Suppl. 417.
U. africana, Linn. mss. ex Jackson in Ind. Linn. Herb. 148. Tragia villosa, Thunb.
Prodr, 14, and in Fl. Cap, ed. Schult. 37 ; not Acalypha villosa, Jacq. Acalypha
kraussiana, Buching. ex Meisn. apud Krauss in Flora, 1845, 84; Mill, Arg. in
Linnxa, xxxiv. 39. A, lamiifolia, Scheele in Linnea, xxv. 587 ; Baill. Adansonia,
m1.158. A, yrandidentata, Miill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 823. A. capensis,
Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 15.
Sourn Arrica: without locality, Osbeck! Sparrman! Mund & Maire, 33!
Zeyher! var. B: Mund & Maire, 659! Drege, 8242!
Coast Rearon; Stellenbosch Div. ; Lowrys Pass, Schlechter! Riversdale Div. ;
between Little Vet River and Garcias Pass, Burchell, 6925! near Riversdale,
400 ft., Kassner, 1164! Schlechter, 1961! Mossel Bay Div. ; Mossel Bay, Prior!
George Div, ; Woodville, near George, Tyson ! Knysna Div. ; Gouwkamma River,
Krauss, 1826! near Knysna, 1000 ft., Marloth, 2448, partly! Humansdorp Div. ;
Humansdorp, 300 ft., Zeyher, 3840! Ecklon & Zeyher, 73! Galpin, 4576!
Kennedy! West, 276! Gamtoos River, Thunberg | Drége, 8240! Uitenhage Div. ;
Zwartkops River, Drége, 2313! Verreaux! Ecklon, 161! 162! Zeyher, 3478!
3840! Ecklon & Zeyher, 610! Maitland River, near the Leadmine, Burchell,
4494! Var. 8: Riversdale Div.; banks of the Vet River near Riversdale, Muir,
283! George Div. ; Outeniqua Mountains, Thunberg! Montagu Pass, Rehmann,
258! Knysna Div. ; near Knysna, Burchell, 5890! 5391! 5392! Krauss, 1825!
Marloth, 2448, partly ! Newdegate, Tyson! Witte Drift, Plettenburgs Bay, Pappe !
Uitenhage Div. ; Van Stadensberg Range, Zeyher! near Uitenhage, Prior! Albany
Div. ; without precise locality, Bowie!
8. A. senensis (Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 96) ;
shrubby ; stems erect, woody, l—2 ft. high, often angled or sulcate,
hirsute or pubescent ; leaves thinly to firmly membranous, long-
petioled, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, sometimes linear-lanceolate,
gradually acutely acuminate, base cordate, margin serrate or crenate-
Serrate, 1-3} in. long, sometimes in tropical specimens up to 7 in.
long, 1~14 in. wide, hirsute or pubescent on both surfaces especially
on the nerves ; petiole 3-1} in. long, pubescent and often hirsute ;
Stipules subulate or filiform, 14-2 lin. long, pilose ; inflorescences
l-sexual, monecious, male lateral and female terminal on the same
branch ; inale spikes axillary, solitary, narrow-cylindric, on slender
pubescent or puberulous peduncles up to I in. long, the spikes 1 in.
(at length 2} in.) long, dense-flowered ; male bracts minute ; male
uds almost glabrous ; female spikes at the ends of twigs, sessile,
3-l1 in, long, } in. across ; bracts 1—2-flowered, suborbicular or reni-
form, rather deeply 7-10-toothed, under } in. long, about } in.
across ; teeth wide-triangular, obtuse or faintly mucronate, puberulous
and densely stipitate-glandular outside, but without long spreading
alrs, inside glabrous ; sepals 4, lanceolate, subacute, somewhat un-
equal, ciliate, pubescent outside; ovary rather deeply 3-4-lobed,
474 EUPHORBIACE (Prain). [ Acalypha.
pubescent and with several long-stipitate glands on the upper por-
tion of each lobe ; styles 3-4, sparingly laciniate, about } in. long ;
seeds subglobose, with a large hilum. Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv.
ii. 845; Pax in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 239; Hutchinson in Dyer, Fl.
Trop. Afr. vi. i. 888; Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 18. A. zam-
besica, Mill. Arg. in Flora, 1864, 440, and Lc. 845; Pas, lc. 239;
Gibbs in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxvii. 470. A. villicaulis, Miill. Arg. le.
845, as to Meller’s Manganja plant only ; Pax in Baum, Kunene-Samb.
Exped. 283; S. Moore in Journ. Linn. Soc. xl. 199, partly ; not of
Hochst. A. villicaulis, var. minor, Mill. Arg. in Abhandl. Naturw.
Ver. Bremen, vii. 26. A. Rehmanni, Pax in Bull. Herb. Boiss. vi.
733. Ricinocarpus senensis and R. zambesicus, O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen.
Pi. ii. 618.
KataHari Recton: Bechuanaland ; Masupa River in Banquaketse Territory,
Holub! Transvaal ; near Pretoria, Scott Elliot, 1398! Rehmann, 4285! Fehr, 58!
Wilms, 1321! Burtt-Davy, 69517251! 5380! Bolus, 10838! Miss Leendertz, 56!
Aapies River, Burke! Klippan, Rehmann, 5330! Houtbosch, Rekmann, 5915!
Rustenberg, Collins, 70! Warmbath, Miss Leendertz, 1561! Waterval Onder,
Jenkins, 6717 ! Lydenburg, Wilms, 1321, partly! Johannesberg, Marloth, 3830!
Shilovane, Junod, 1039! 2178!
Also rather widely spread in eastern Tropical Africa.
9. A. petiolaris (Hochst. apud Krauss in Flora, 1845, 83);
shrubby ; stems prostrate or decumbent, less often ascending, woody,
8 in. to 2 ft. long, more or less densely pilose with long reflexed
hairs; leaves thinly to firmly membranous, long-petioled, ovate or
ovate-lanceolate, somewhat acutely acuminate, base deep-cordate,
margin crenate or crenate-serrate, 1-3 in. long, 4-14 in. wide, thinly
pilose on both surfaces with long hairs, especially on the nerves
beneath, occasionally glabrescent above ; petiole 4—2 in. long, pilose
with spreading or somewhat reflexed hairs ; stipules subulate or
filiform, 1j—2-lin. long. ciliate; inflorescences 1-sexual, moncecious,
male lateral and female terminal on the same branch ; male spikes
axillary, solitary, narrow-cylindric, on slender peduncles beset with
long-spreading hairs, up to } in. long, the spikes } in. (at length up
to } in.) long, dense-flowered ; male bracts minute, lanceolate ; male
buds almost glabrous; female spikes at the ends of twigs, sessile,
solitary, oblong, up to 3 in. long, } in. across ; bracts 1—2-flowered,
more or less oblong, deeply 6-7-lobed, under } in. across; lobes
subulate or lanceolate, acute, up to 1 lin. long, setosely long-ciliate,
with or without a few stalked glands on their margins towards the
base, rarely with glands and hairs on the inner side ; sepals 3, lanceo-
late, subacute; ovary 3-lobed, pilose in the upper half, with or
without stipitate glands intermixed ; styles 3, slender, about } 12.
long, laciniate ; seeds subglobose, with a large hilum. Miill. Arg.
in Linnza, xxxiv. 29, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 847 ; Prain in Kew
Bulletin, 1913, 18. A. languida, E. Meyer, in Drége, Zwei Pf.
Documente, 161; Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 116; Baill. Adansonia, 1.
157 ; Miill. Arg. Lc. 29, and lc. 848. A. brachiata, Krauss, 1c. 83
<ul
Acalypha. | EUPHORBIACE# (Prain), 475
not of E. Meyer. A. tenuis, Miill. Arg. lc. 30, and Le. 848, inel. both
vars. Ricinocarpus languidus and R. petiolaris, O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen.
Pi. ii. 618.
Coast Recion: Komgha Div, ; near the Kei River mouth, Flanagan, 450!
Katanart Region: Transvaal ; various localities, Wahlberg! Burke! Zeyher,
1519! Miss Leendertz, 443 ! 2318! Wilms, 1321, partly ! Schlechter, 3897 ! Galpin,
513! 1245! Bolus, 9777! 9778! Swaziland; low Veld near Mafutane, Bolus,
12294!
Eastern Recion: Transkei; Bashee River, Drége, a! 4594! Kentani, Miss
Pegler, 870! Pondoland ; between Umtata River and St. Johns River. Drége, b!
_ Murchison, Bachmann, 791! Griqualand East ; Clydesdale, 2500 ft., Tyson,
2568 ! 2693! 2694! and in MacOwan & Bolus, Herb. Austr.-Afr,, 1232! Natal ;
various localities, Krauss, 319! 367! Gueinzius, 169! 506! Gerrard, 518! 617!
Rehmann, 8803! Wood, 68! 254! 1408! Schlechter, 3026! Miss Franks in Herb.
Wood, 11771! Rehmann, 7795 ! 8802, partly ! Drege, e! 8421! Engler, 2569!
Landauer, 223! Rudatis, 1185! Delagoa Bay ; Ressano Garcia, Schlechter, 11882 !
Lourenco Marques, Junod, 147!
10. A. Eckloni (Baill. Adansonia, iii. 158); herbaceous, annual ;
stems sparingly branched from the base, up to 14 ft. high, somewhat
suleate, pubescent or glabrous ; leaves membranous, long-petioled,
ovate, subacute or acute, base slightly cordate or rounded, margin
crenate, {-1} in. long, }-1 in. wide, sparingly to distinctly pubescent
on the nerves on both surfaces ; petiole puberulous or pubescent,
4-1} in. long ; stipules subulate, } in. long, pilose, caducous ; inflores-
cences l-sexual, monccious, male lateral and female terminal on
eee fe
Coast Recion: George Div. ; woods near George, 1000 ft. Schlechter, 2350 :
Uitenhage Div. ; near Uitenhage, Burchell, 4251! Mund & Maire! Verreaux!
Burke! Prior! on Van Stadens Mountains, Burchell, 4751! Zwartkops River,
Drege, 4602! Ecklon, 74, partly! 609! Zeyher, 228! 3841! Enon, Drége, 2345!
4600! Bathurst Div. ; near the Kasuga River, Prior! Albany Div. ; Kleinemund
near Grahamstown, MacOwan, 1507 | Grahamstown, Misses Daly & Gane, 743!
King Williamstown Div. ; Yellowwood River, Drége! King Williamstown, Sim,
1468! Perie Forest, Kuntze! East London Div. ; near East London, Galpin,
7790! Rattray, 809 ! Komgha Div. ; near Komgha, 2000 ft., Flanagan, 630!
Eastern Rucion: Transkei ; Gekwa River, Drege, 4601! Kentani, 1000 ft.,
Miss Pegler, 732! Pondoland ; St. Johns River, Drége! Natal; near Durban,
476 EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). | Acalypha.
Gueinzius, 8! 168! Inanda, 1800 ft., Wood, 3148! near Isipingo, 150 ft.,
Schlechter, 2808 !
A very distinct species, based by Baillon on a plant (Drége, 4600) which had
been doubtfully referred by E. Meyer to A. cordata, Thunb., but is the same as
A. brachiata, E. Meyer, of which no description was published. Meyer recognised
two varieties within A. brachiata ; a major (Drége, 4602) with taller stems and
almost glabrous leaves and 8 minor (Drége, 4601) with short stems and hirsute
leaves. The more ample material since communicated shows, however, that no
such subdivision is required.
11. A. Zeyheri (Baill. Adansonia, iii. 156); shrubby ; stems slen-
der, trailing, sparingly branched, 2-3 ft. long, bark pale, glabrous,
striate; leaves firmly chartaceous or subcoriaceous, numerous,
very short-petioled, triangular-ovate, acute, base truncate or sub-
cordate, margin distinctly serrate, 1-1} in. long, 3—3 in. wide, quite
glabrous on both surfaces or sparingly setulose on the main-nerves
beneath; petiole glabrous or sparingly setulose, 1-1} lin. long ;
stipules glabrous, herbaceous, persistent, 2 lin. long; inflorescences
l-sexual, dicecious; male spikes axillary, solitary, peduncled ;
peduncles glabrous, 1-1} in. long; spikes cylindric, dense-flowered,
1-14 in. long; bracts lanceolate, sparingly pubescent, 4 in. long,
spreading, persistent; buds glabrous; female spikes terminal,
solitary, } in. (ultimately 1 in.) long; bracts 1-flowered, subsessile,
leafy, wide-ovate, subacute or obtuse, base wide-cuneate, } in. long,
2 in. wide, coarsely serrate, the central tooth usually exceeding the
2-4 lateral, sparingly hispid on the nerves outside, eglandular ;
sepals 3, ovate, acute, glabrous; ovary distinctly 3-lobed, nearly
glabrous ; styles 3, united in their lower fourth, 2 in. long, shortly
laciniate upwards ; seeds subglobose. Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913,
19. A. peduncularis, var. psilogyne, Mill. Arg. in Linnea, xxxiv.
28, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 846, partly. A. Zeyheri, var. glabrata,
Miill. Arg. lc. 29, and l.c. 847, excl. syn. Sond. A. Sonderi, Gandog.
in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 1x. 27. Ricinocarpus Zeyheri, O. Kuntze, Rev.
Gen. Pl. ii. 618.
Coast Recion: Uitenhage Div.; Van Stadens Berg, Zeyher, 345! 3839 !
Burchell, 4726! Mrs, Paterson, 886 !
Very nearly related, as Baillon has remarked, to A. peduncularis, E. Meyer,
but differing somewhat in habit as well as in foliage. Whether specifically dis-
tinguishable or not from A. peduncularis, A, Zeyheri seems to be a form of
extremely restricted distribution.
12. A, peduncularis (E. Meyer ex Meisn. apud Krauss in Flora,
1845, 82); herbaceous ; stems slender, rather sparingly branched,
prostrate, 6-18 in. long, from a stout perennial woody stock 4-8 in.
long or longer and }—} in. thick, with black rugose bark ; branches
patulous, striate, rather copiously patently setulose like the herba-
ceous stems ; leaves membranous, numerous, very shortly petioled,
ovate or ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, acute or those lowest down
obtuse, base cuneate or rounded, margin distinctly serrate, 14-2} in.
long, }-l} in. wide, those towards the tips of the stems and
branches smaller than the ones lower down, rather sparsely setulose,
especially on the nerves on both surfaces and on the margin;
Acalypha. | EUPHORBIACES (Prain). 477
petiole setulose, 1-1} in. long; stipules setulose, subulate, per-
sistent, 1-I} lin. long; inflorescences 1-sexual, usually diccious,
Sometimes moneecious ; male spikes axillary, solitary, peduncled ;
peduncles rather copiously patently setulose, 2}—4 in. long ; spikes
cylindric, dense-flowered, slender, 13-2 in. long ; bracts lanceolate,
setulose, }—1 in. long, spreading, persistent ; buds setulose at the
tip ; female spikes terminal, solitary, $ in. (ultimately 1-14 in.)
long; bracts 1-flowered, subsessile, leafy, wide-ovate, subacute or
obtuse, base wide-cuneate, 1-2 in. long, 3-2 in. wide, coarsely
serrate, central tooth rather exceeding the 2-4 lateral, copiously
setulose on the margin and nerves outside and beset with glands on
the back ; sepals 3, ovate, acute, setulose ; ovary distinctly 3-lobed,
pilose and glandular in the upper half; styles 3, united in their
lower third, 1 in. long, spirally twisted and markedly laciniate
upwards ; seeds subglobose. E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pfl. Docu-
mente, 161; Eckl. & Zeyh. in Linnea, xx. 213; Sond. in Linnea,
xxiii. 115, exel. syn. Buching. and var. glabrata; Baill. Adansonia, iii.
156, exel. syn. Buching.; Pax in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 239, partly ;
Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 20. A. peduncularis, var. genuina, Mill.
Arg. in Linnea, xxxiv. 28, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 846. A. Zeyheri,
var. pubescens, Miill. Arg. l.c. 29, and l.c. 847; not A. Zeyheri,
Baill. A. mentiens, Gandog. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr.1x.27. A. Dregei,
Var. 8, crassa (Miill. Arg. in Linnea, xxxiv. 28); stems stouter, 4-15 in.
long, simple or subsimple ; leaves ovate, all obtuse, base always rounded, when
mature 24-3 in. long, 14-2 in. wide, those towards the apex of the stem much
larger than the ones lower down. Miill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 846; Prain in
Kew Bulletin, 1913, 21. A. crassa, Buching. ex Meisn. apud Krauss in Flora,
1845, 83. 4. peduncularis, Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 115, as to syn. Buching. ;
Baill, Adansonia, iii. 156, as to syn. Buching.; hardly of E. Meyer, A. pedun-
cularis, var. ferox, Pax ex Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 21. A. Schlechteri,
Gandog. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. \x. 27. Ricinocarpus peduncularis, var. ovatifolius,
O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. iii. ii. 292.
Sourn Arrica : without locality, Masson! Herb. Swartz! Grondal! Delalandet
Krebs! Var. 8: Herb. Swartz! :
Coast Recion: Uitenhage Div. ; Bontjes River, 2000 ft., Drége, 2309!
Enon, Drége! near Zwartkops River, Zeyher, 214! Alexandria Div. ; Zuurberg
Range, 2000-3000 ft., Drége! Cooper, 3580! Bathurst Div. ; between Blue
Krantz and Kaffir Drift, Burchell, 3707! at Rietfontein between the Kasuga
River and Port Alfred, Burchell, 4041! Albany Div. ; near Grahamstown, 1500-
2509 ft., Ecklon, 75, partly ! Bolton! Mrs. Barber! MacOwan, 49! Galpin, 191!
Bolus | Rogers, 174! 4593! Slang Kraal, Burke! Assegai Bush and Botram,
1000-2000 ft., Drége, 4596 ! Howisons Poort, Zeyher, 3838! Mrs. Hutton! near
Sidbury, Burchell, 4176! Stockenstrom Div. ; sources of the Kat River above
Philipston, 3000-4000 ft., Ecklon, 75, partly! Peddie Div. ; Fredericksburg, Gill !
es pen Div.; near East Sages | gonad aes in Herb. Galpin,
! British Caffraria ; Hangmans Bush, Cooper’, ! ! :
Eastern REGION : Transkel; Krielis country, Bowker, 292! Kentani, 1200 it.,
Miss Pegler, 65, partly! Tembuland; near Bazeia, beyond the Bashee River,
2000 ft., Baur, 373! Pondoland ; many localities, Bachmann, 783! 790! 792!
793!1711! Beyrich, 102! Natal ; near Durban, Krauss, 377, partly! Gueinzius,
404, partly ! Gerrard, 619! Sandersen, 129! Wood, 1416, partly ! Inanda, 1800 ft.,
Wood, 48, partly! Umgeni River, Rehmann, 8804! Camperdown, Schlechter, 3059,
478 EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). | Acalypha.
partly! Var. 6: Natal; near Durban, Krauss, 377, partly! Gueinzius, 404, partly !
Sutherland | Gerrard, 521! Wood, 90! Camperdown, Gerrard, 1166! near Clair-
mont, Schlechter, 3059, mainly ! Krantz Kloof, 1800 ft., Schlechter, 3188 ! Inanda,
1800 ft., Wood, 640! Pietermaritzburg, Wilms, 2265! Riet Vlei, Fry in Herb.
Galpin, 2722! Alexandra Distr., Dumisa, 2000 ft., Rudatis, 445! Highland
Station, 5300 ft., Kuntze, 5553! Nottingham, Buchanan, 143! Klip River, 3500-
4500 ft., Sutherland ! and without precise locality, Gerrard, 373 !
A well marked species the limits of which have, however, been somewhat
misunderstood. The variety here recognised though, with care, readily separable,
is, as Meisner pointed out when he originally described it, not really specifically
distinct from A. peduncularis. Miiller has endeavoured to distinguish between
the A. peduncularis issued by E. Meyer and that described by Meisner ; there is,
however, no justification for this action; while it is true that A. peduncularis,
E. Meyer, proper is rare in Natal, and that its place in that colony is largely taken
by var. crassa, it so happens that the portion of Krauss, 377, on which in 1845
Meisner based his description of A. peduncularis, is not separable from the plant
issued by E. Meyer in 1843 under the same name,
13. A. glandulifolia (Buching. ex Meisn. apud Krauss in Flora,
1845, 83); herbaceous; stems slender, decumbent, 3-15 in. long,
from a slender perennial woody rootstock, usually rather copiously
virgately branched, striate, sparingly to copiously patently setulose ;
leaves membranous, very shortly petioled, numerous, small, ovate-
lanceolate to lanceolate, acute, base rounded, margin distinctly
serrate, each tooth tipped by a stipitate capitate gland, 4-1} in.
long, }-} in. wide, glabrous on both surfaces or sparingly setulose
on the midrib beneath; petiole glabrous, 14 lin. long; stipules
minute, hyaline, membranous, caducous ; inflorescences 1-sexual,
diecious; male spikes axillary, solitary, peduncled; peduncles
sparingly setulose, 4 (at length 2) in. long; spikes cylindric, dense-
flowered, rather stout, }-} in. long; bracts linear, ciliate, } in. long,
spreading, persistent; buds glabrous; female spikes terminal,
solitary, 4 in. long; bracts subsessile, large, foliaceous, ovate-
lanceolate, acute, base rounded, $—} in. long, }-} in. wide, serrate
with glandular margin like the leaves and in addition beset with
sessile glands on the back ; sepals 3, ovate, subacute, with glandular
margin; ovary distinctly 3-lobed, closely glandular on the upper
half ; styles 3, united in their lower fourth, 2—3 in. long, very
sparingly and shortly laciniate upwards; seeds subglobose.
Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 116; Walp. Ann. iii, 367; Baill, Adansonia,
iii. 157; Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 21. A. peduncularis, var.
eee ae Mill. Arg. in Linnea, xxxiv. 28, and in DO. Prodr.
xv. i. 846.
Eastkrn Reaion: Natal; near Durban, Krauss! Gueinzius, 170! Gerrard,
520! Sutherland! Wood 1416, partly! Attercliffe, 800 ft., Sanderson, 293!
Inanda, 1800 ft., Wood, 48, partly! 694! Indwedwe, Wood, 1054! Alexandra
Distr., Dumisa, 2000-2500 ft., Rudatis, 96! 743! 744!
A very well-marked species within which Sonder proposed to recognise tw0
distinct forms, one with pilose nearly simple, the other with glabrous more
branching stems. The material now available shows, however, that while two
such forms may be distinguished, they pass into each other and cannot be treated
as definite varieties,
Acalypha. | EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). 479
14, A. entumenica (Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 22); herba-
ceous ; stems slender, prostrate, 1-14 ft. long, from a perennial root-
stock, simple, densely leafy from the base, striate, strigose with
white patent bulbous-based hairs ; leaves membranous, subsessile,
very numerous, small, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, acute, base
cuneate to rounded, margin distinctly serrate, each tooth tipped
either by a stipitate capitate gland or by a stiff bulbous-based hair,
3-1 in. long, }~1 in. wide, rather densely uniformly setulose on both
surfaces with bulbous-based hairs often intermixed with stipitate
glands ; petiole setulose, under 1 lin. long ; stipules minute, hyaline-
membranous, caducous ; inflorescences 1-sexual, dicecious ; male spikes
not seen; female spikes terminal, solitary, 1-14 in. long; bracts
subsessile, large, foliaceous, wide-ovate to suborbicular, acute, base
rounded, 1-1 in. long, 4-1 in. wide, serrate like the leaves, each
lobe with a stipitate apical gland and in addition setulose and rather
closely covered with stipitate glands on the back; sepals 3, ovate,
subacute, glandular and strigose ; ovary distinctly 3-lobed, closely
glandular on the upper half ; styles 3, united below, upper portions
not seen ; seeds subglobose.
_ Eastern Reqion: Zululand; near Entumeni, 2000 ft., Wood, 3737!
: A distinct species, most nearly allied to A. glandulifolia, Buching., but readily
distinguished by its strigose leaves and its different female bracts.
15. A. depressinervia (K.Schum. in Just, Jahresber. xxvi. i. 348) ;
herbaceous; stems slender, erect, 6-15 in. long, from a slender
perennial woody rootstock, simple or very sparingly virgately
branched, striate, copiously patently setulose with white bulbous-
based hairs; leaves firmly membranous, numerous, small, very
shortly petioled, narrow-lanceolate, acute, base rounded, margin
quite entire, 3-2 in. long, 1-} in. wide, softly and rather copiously
patently setulose with white bulbous-based hairs, nerves obscure ;
petiole under 4 lin. long, setulose with bulbous-based hairs ;
Stipules minute, pilose, caducous ; inflorescences 1-sexual, diccious ;
male spikes axillary, solitary, peduncled; peduncles copiously
patently setulose like the stems, 14-2 in. long; spikes narrow-
cylindric, dense-flowered, 23-1 in. long; bracts linear-lanceolate,
Setulose, } in. long, spreading, persistent ; buds setulose at the apex ;
female spikes terminal, solitary, 1-14 in. long; bracts 1-flowered,
subsessile, large, foliaceous, ovate-lanceolate, acute, base rounded,
3-1 in. long, 4—3 in. wide, the lowest quite entire, those above pro-
Sressively digitately 3-5- (occasionally 7 -) toothed, setulose like the
leaves, with white bulbous-based hairs; sepals 3, ovate, subacute,
pilose ; ovary distinctly 3-lobed, setulose with long white bulbous-
based hairs in the upper two-thirds ; styles 3, shortly united below,
4-3 in. long, sparingly shortly laciniate upwards ; seeds subglobose.
Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 22. A. peduncularis, var. angustata,
Mill. Arg. in Linnea, xxxiv. 28, and in DC. Prodr, xv. ti. 847, in
small part, and as to Wahlberg's specimens only ; not A. angustata,
480 EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). | Acalypha.
Sond. A. Schinzii, Pax in Bull. Herb. Boiss. vi. 734, exel. var. den-
ticulata. A. Owenize, Harv. ex Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 22.
Katauart Recton: Orange River Colony: Besters Vlei near Witzies Hoek,
5500 ft., Flanagan, 1922! Harrismith, Sankey, 237! Basutoland ; without precise
locality, Cooper, 3577! Transvaal; Macalisberg Range, Wahlberg! Billys Vlei,
Mitchell! Houtbosch, Rehmann, 5914! Saddleback Mountain, near Barberton,
4500-5000 ft., Galpin, 638! 1120! near Barberton, Bolus, 9776, partly ! between
Komati River Drift and Crocodile River, Bolus, 9776, partly |
Eastern Recion: Natal; near Durban, Miss Owen! Sanderson, 508! Wood,
1416, partly! Inanda, Wood, 298! Tugela, Gerrard, 618! near Krantz Kloof,
1500 ft., Schlechter, 3186! Camperdown, Rehmunn, 7793! Dalton, 3300 ft.,
Rudatis, 15 | between Greytown and Newcastle, Rudatis, 2260! Mooi River, 4000-
5500 ft., Kuntze, 5573! Wood, 3766!
A very distinct species, in appearance most like A. angustata, Sond., with which
it has been confused, but readily distinguishable by its entire leaves, and by the
absence of glands from the bracts and the ovary.
16. A. angustata (Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 115); herbaceous ;
stems slender, firm, 1-2 ft. high, from a stout woody rootstock,
rather copiously virgately branched, suleate, sparingly patently
setulose with white bulbous-based hairs or at times glabrous;
leaves firmly membranous, numerous, shortly petioled, linear or
lanceolate, acute, base cuneate, margin distantly acutely denticu-
late, 1-24 in. long, 1-} in. wide, sparingly patently pilose or nearly
glabrous, nerves prominent beneath ; petiole 1 lin. long, setulose
or glabrous ; stipules 1} lin. long, firm, persistent ; inflorescences
l-sexual, dicecious ; male spikes axillary, solitary, peduncled ;
peduncles sparingly setulose or glabrous, 1-2 in. long; spikes
narrow-cylindric, dense-flowered, $—} in. ‘long; bracts linear-
lanceolate, sparingly setulose, 1 in. long, spreading, persistent ; buds
glabrous ; female spikes terminal, solitary, 1-1} in. long; bracts
l1-flowered, subsessile, large, foliaceous, lanceolate, acuminate, base
rounded, 4-3 in. long, 1-} in. wide, their margins sharply and
strongly serrate, rather copiously glandular on the back ; sepals 3,
ovate, with glandular margin; ovary distinctly 3-lobed, closely
glandular on the upper half; styles 3, united in their lower fourth,
2-3 in. long, shortly but copiously lacinulate upwards ; seeds sub-
globose. Walp. Ann. iii. 367; Baill. Adansonia, iii, 157 ; Prain in
Kew Bulletin, 1913, 22. A. angustata, var. glabra, Sond. l.c. 116.
A. peduncularis, var. angustuta, Mill. Arg. in Linnea, xxxiv. 28, and
in DC. Prodr. xv. 847, mainly, but excl. Wahlberg’s plant. A.
Schinzii, var. denticulata, Pax in Bull. Herb. Boiss. vi. 734.
KaLauari ReGIon: Transvaal ; various localities, Burke, 349! Zeyher, 1518!
Nelson, 231! Rehmann, 4284! Miss Leendertz, 368, mainly ! 2582! 4821! Jenkins,
67351 Schlechter! Wilms, 1322! 1327! Gilfillan in Herb. Galpin, 6071! 6172!
Marloth, 3669! Rogers, 2545! Holub! Burtt-Davy, 7471 7691 3830! 5602!
7165! 71921 9150! Holder, 4548! Bester, 2164, partly! MeLea!
Eastern Recion: Natal; near Durban, Gweinzius, 171! Gerrard, 519! near
Maritzburg, Wilms, 2262! Riet Vlei, Fry in Herb. Galpin, 2721!
s
Acalypha.) EUPHORBIACE&: ( Prain). 481
A distinct species, most closely resembling A. depressinervia, K. Schum., but
readily distinguishable therefrom by the glandular female bracts and ovaries and
by the toothed leaves. It is most nearly allied to A. caperonioides, Baill., but is
readily distinguished by its narrow leaves. Sonder has proposed the recognition
of two varieties, distinguished by the presence or absence of pubescence, but, as
Miiller has already indicated, the two suggested forms pass into each other.
Specimens of this species from near Pretoria ( Leendertz-Pott, 4821) are moneecious.
17. A. caperonioides (Baill. Adansonia, iii. 157); herbaceous ;
stems slender, sparingly to copiously branched, 6-10 in. long, from
a stout perennial woody rootstock 4-6 in. long or longer, 1—} in.
thick with brown rugose bark ; branches erect, striate, sparingly to
densely patently setulose like the stem, when young especially
towards tips of twigs densely grey shaggy-pubescent ; leaves firmly
papery or almost coriaceous, numerous, subsessile, ovate or cordate-
ovate, acute, margin coarsely sharply serrate, 1}—2 in. long, 2—-} in.
wide, sparingly setulose on the nerves above, more densely setulose
and pubescent on the nerves beneath when mature, when young the
leaves on both surfaces rather densely shaggy with bulbous-based
hairs ; petiole setulose, under | lin. long ; stipules setulose, lanceo-
late, persistent, 14-2 lin. long; inflorescence 1-sexual, dicecious ;
male spikes axillary, solitary, peduncled; peduncles sparingly to
densely grey shaggy-tomentose, 14-2 in. long; spikes cylindric,
dense-flowered, slender, 14-2 in. long; bracts lanceolate, with grey
ciliate margins, 1 in. long, spreading, persistent ; buds shaggy-
setulose ; female spikes terminal, solitary, } in. (ultimately }—1 in.)
long, compact ; bracts 1-flowered, sessile, leafy, ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate, 1-2 in. long, nearly as wide, margin strongly toothed,
teeth ovate-lanceolate, acute, rather densely shaggy with bulbous-
based hairs externally, but eglandular or with only a few glands
intermixed ; sepals 3, ovate, acute, setulose; ovary distinctly
3-lobed, setulose but not glandular in the upper half; styles 3,
united in their lower third, slightly or not at all laciniate above ;
seeds subglobose. Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 23. A. peduncularis,
var. glabrata, Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 115, A. Zeyheri, var. glabrata,
Mill. Arg. in Linnea, xxxiv. 29, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 847,
as to syn. Sond., but not as to description. A. peduncularis, var.
caperonioides, Miill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 846. A. peduncularis,
Gibbs in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxvii. 470 ; Hutchinson in Dyer, Fl. Trop.
Afr. vi. i. 884, partly and as to Rhodesian plant only; not of
Ei. Meyer. A. transvaaliensis, Gandog. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 1x. 27.
Var. £B, Galpini (Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 23) ; leaves membranous,
persistently densely shaggy with long bulbous-based hairs.
_ Katanarri Recon: Orange River Colony ; Parys, Rogers, 7071 Transvaal ;
various localities, Burke, 83! 153! Zeyher, 1521! Schlechter ! Wilms, 1323! 1324¢
1328! 1329! Miss Leendertz, 321! 2583! Rogers, 24! Marloth, 3866! Engler,
2833 ! Fehr, 57 | Rehmann, 4553! 4554! 5485! Bester, 2164, partly! Burtt-Davy,
1988! 2305! 7171! 9211, partly ! Modderfontein, Miss Haagner! Barberton, Miss
Thorneroft, 30! Var. 8: Transvaal ; Barberton, 4000 ft., Galpin, 1106!
Apparently a very distinct species with female bracts most like those of A.
punctata, but very much firmer in consistence and hardly glandular. Fg regards
FL. C.—VOL. V.—SECT. II.
482 EUPHORBIACE (Prain). | Acalypha.
its foliage this most resembles A. Wilmsii, Pax, but the absence of stipitate
glands from the undersurface prevents 4. caperonioides from being mistaken for
that species which, moreover, has different female bracts. The foliage in Galpin,
1106, differs from that which is usual in the species in being thinner and more
densely shaggy with long grey bulbous-based hairs. This plant may eventually
prove to represent a distinct species; it agrees with A. caperonioides in having
almost entire style-arms,
18. A. punctata (Meisn. apud Krauss in Flora, 1845, 83) ;
herbaceous ; stems rather stout, rather copiously branched, 1—2 ft.
high, from a stout perennial woody stock ; branches virgate, striate,
pubescent to rather copiously patently setulose ; leaves membranous,
numerous, very shortly petioled, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, tne lowest
usually obtuse, the uppermost acute, base rounded, margin sharply
often coarsely serrulate, 1$—24 in. long, 1-1} in. wide, pubescent to
strigose, especially on the nerves on both surfaces and on the
margins, rarely almost glabrous, between the reticulations usually
very distinctly glandular-punctate ; petiole pubescent or setulose,
1-1} lin. long; stipules setulose, lanceolate, persistent, 14-2 lin.
long ; inflorescence 1-sexual, dicecious ; male spikes axillary, solitary,
peduncled ; peduncles puberulous to pubescent and glandular, 2}—5
in. long; spikes cylindric, dense-flowered, rather stout, 1}—-1} in.
long ; bracts lanceolate, puberulous or pubescent, 1 in. long, spread-
ing, persistent; buds puberulous or glabrous; female spikes
terminal, solitary, sessile, 1 in. (ultimately 2 in.) long; bracts
l-flowered, subsessile, leafy, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, }—3 in.
long, nearly as wide, deeply toothed, teeth lanceolate, acute, rather
densely pubescent and beset with stipitate glands outside ; sepals 3,
ovate, acute, glandular; ovary distinctly 3-lobed, pubescent and
glandular in the upper half; styles 3, united in their lower third,
1 in. long, markedly laciniate upwards ; seeds subglobose. Prain in
Kew Bulietin, 1913, 23. A. peduncularis, Pax in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr.
C. 239 partly and as to Nyasaland plant ; Hutchinson in Dyer, Fl. Trop.
Afr. vi. i. 884, partly and as to Nyasaland and Gazaland specimens 5
Gandog. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 1x. 27; not of E. Meyer. A. pedun-
cularis, var. punctata, Mill. Arg. in Linnea, xxxiv. 28, and in DC.
Prodr. xv. ii. 846. Ricinocarpus peduncularis, var. punctatus,
O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. iii. ii. 292.
Var. 8, longifolia (Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 24); stems 1-2 ft. high ;
leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute, 2-23 in. long, }-4 in. wide, otherwise
asin the type. A. longifolia, BE. Meyer ex Prain, le. .
Var. y, Rogersii (Prain, l.c. 24); dwarf; stems 4—6 in. high ; leaves oblong
or narrow-oblong, obtuse, 3-1 in. long, 4-1 in. wide, otherwise as in the type.
Katanart Recion: Orange River Colony ; Besters Vlei, near Witzies Hoek,
5700 ft., Bolus, 8251! and without precise locality, Rogers! Transvaal ; Barberton,
2500-4000. ft., Galpin, 429! Mac Mac Creek, Mudd! Var. 6: Transvaal ; Witklip,
4800 ft., Burtt-Davy, 7264! Barberton, Fairview Farm, Burtt-Davy, 4080! Aapies
River, Scott Elliot, 1449! Rehmann, 4016! 4288! Miss Leendertz, 1003! Derde
Poort, Miss Leendertz, 363, partly! Var. y: Transvaal ; Waterval Boven, 4800 ft.,
Rogers, 288! Saddleback Mountain, 4500 ft., Galpin, 1121! Shilovane, Junod,
1325! Swaziland, Stewart, 8917!
Acalypha.| EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). 483
Eastern ReGIon : Transkei; Kentani, 1200 ft., Miss Pegler, 65, partly! Pondo-
land ; Fort Grosvenor, Bachmann, 785! 789! 794! Griqualand East; near
Kokstad, 3800 ft., Tyson, 1107, partly ! Clydesdale, 2500 ft., Tyson, 3107!
Natal; various localities, Krauss, 377, mainly! Verreaux! Gueinzius! Bellair,
220 ft., Schlechter, 3105! Wood, 296! 697! 864! 4106! 6201! Sanderson, 344 !
Rudatis, 779! 780! 1201! Kuntze, 5182! Sutherland! Rehmann, 6891! 6995!
Zululand ; without locality, Gerrard, 1167! Var. 8: Transkei; between the
Gekua and Bashee Rivers, Drége, 5380! Tembuland ; Bazeia, 2000 ft., Baur,
269! Pondoland; Fort Grosvenor, Bachmann, 788! Griqualand East; near
Kokstad, 4800 ft., Z’yson, 1107, partly ! and in MacOwan & Bolus, Herb. Austr.-
Afr, 1231! Natal; Maritzburg, Rehmann, 7616! Camperdown, Rehmann, 7794!
Dargle Road, 3000-4000 ft., Wood, 12605!
Also in Gazaland and Nyasaland.
A very distinct species. The dwarf plant here treated as a variety (y Rogersii)
of A. punctata, Meisn., may prove, when more fully known, a distinct species.
19. A. Wilmsii (Pax in Herb. Berol. ex Prain in Kew Bulletin,
1918, 24); almost shrubby ; stems firm, woody, sparingly branched,
1-2 ft. high, from a stout woody stock ; bark striate, pubescent to
rather copiously patently setulose ; leaves membranous, numerous,
very shortly petioled, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, the lowest often
obtuse, the others usually acute, base rounded or shallow-cordate,
margin shortly toothed, 2-3 in. long, 1}—2 in. wide, pubescent to
Strigose (especially on the nerves) on both surfaces and with
usually numerous long stipitate glands on both surfaces on the finer
veins and distinctly glandular-punctate between the reticulations ;
petiole setulose, 1 lin. long; stipules setulose, lanceolate, persistent,
1} lin. long ; inflorescence 1-sexual, dicecious ; male spikes axillary,
solitary, peduncled ; peduncles pubescent to densely setulose and
glandular, 1-1} in. long; spikes cylindric, dense-flowered, rather
slender, 1-11 in. long; bracts lanceolate, pubescent, } in. long,
spreading, persistent ; buds softly pubescent to setulose; female
spikes terminal, solitary, sessile, 1 in. (ultimately 2? in.) long ; bracts
l-flowered, subsessile, leafy, wide ovate-cordate, acute, margin
toothed, 2-2 in. long, 1-11 in. wide, teeth short, triangular,
pubescent or setulose and densely beset with long stipitate glands
outside ; sepals 3, acute, pubescent and glandular ; ovary distinctly
3-lobed, softly pubescent and glandular ; styles 3, united in their
lower fourth, * in. long, markedly laciniate upwards; seeds sub-
globose. Ricinocarpus peduncularis, var. genuinus, 0. Kuntze, Rev.
Gen. Pl. iii. ii, 292; not R. peduncularis, O. Kuntze, le. li. 618,
R. peduncularis, var. Radula, O. Kuntze, Le. iii. ii. 292; not
Acalypha Radula, Baker.
Katanart Reaion : Orange River Colony ; Harrismith, Sankey, 238 ! Bethlehem,
Richardson | Transvaal ; Spitzkop, Wilms, 1326! Witklip, Burtt-Davy, 7260!
Crocodile River, Wilms, 1330! Paarde Plaats, Wilms, 1331! Ermelo, Tennant in
Herb, Burtt-Davy, 68071! Burtt-Davy, 9390! Miss Leendertz, 2997 ! Billys Vlei,
Burtt-Davy, 9211, mainly ! Saddleback Mountain, near Barberton, 4500-4800 ft.,
Galpin, 1119! 1126! ;
Eastern Recon: Pondoland ; Fort Grosvenor, Bachmann, 787! Griqualand
East ; Clydesdale, 2500 ft., Tyson, 2602! 2603! Natal; near Mooi River, 4000
ft., Wood, 4103! Highland Station, 5300 ft., Awntze, 5655! Van Reenens Pass,
Kuntze, 139!
484 EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). | Acalypha.
Very nearly related to A. punctata, Meisn., but readily distinguished by its
larger leaves beset with stalked glands springing from the finer reticulations.
When the leaves are mature the pubescence and these stalked glands largely dis-
appear. The difference thus caused has induced Kuntze to separate the two
conditions, that with stalked glands on leaves as well as bracts being his var.
Radula, that from which the stalked glands have disappeared from the leaves
being his Ricinocarpus peduncularis, var. genuinus, which is therefore quite
unlike the true Acalypha peduncularis. It seems better to treat the two forms
which occur as merely conditions or states, not even as varieties; even in the
adult stage A. Wilmsii is readily distinguished from A. punctata by the very
different bracts.
XXX. ALCHORNEA, Sw.
Flowers dicecious, rarely moneecious; petals 0; dise usually 0-
Male: Calyx closed in bud, splitting into 4 (rarely 3 or 2) valvate
lobes. Stamens 8 or fewer; tilaments free or nearly so; anthers
dorsifixed, cells parallel or slightly divergent, free at the base,
dehiscing longitudinally. Rudimentary ovary 0. Female: Caly«-
lobes 3-6, usually 4, imbricate. Ovary 2—3-celled ; ovules solitary in
each cell; styles long, linear, free, usually entire. Capsule 2-3-
coccous ; cocci 2-valved ; valves with a crustaceous endocarp. Seeds
subglobose, ecarunculate ; testa crustaceous ; albumen fleshy ; cotyle-
dons broad, flat.
Trees or shrubs ; leaves alternate, entire or toothed, often 3-5-nerved at the
base and frequently glandular between the nerves at the base beneath ; male
flowers in axillary or lateral simple or branched spikes, several to a bract ; female
flowers in axillary spikes or racemes, solitary to a bract ; bracts usually small or
very small, sometimes long, linear.
Disrrip, Species about 35, widely spread throughout the tropics.
Leaves narrowed to the base, penninerved throughout,
not stipellate at apex of petiole ; male spikes pani-
eled ; bracts minute ... nee oe tas ... (1) glabrata.
Leaves rounded and 3-nerved at the base, 2-stipellate at
apex of petiole; male spikes simple; bracts long, i
lanceolate ae hey pe 3 =. ..- (2) Schlechteri.
1. A. glabrata (Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1910, 342); a shrub or small!
tree up to 40 ft. high ; twigs not perulate, minutely puberulous or
pubescent ; leaves short-petioled, membranous, oblong or oblanceolate-
oblong, acute or shortly acuminate, gradually narrowed to the base,
margin entire or crenately toothed, 4—6 in. long, 1-24 in. wide,
penninerved throughout, nerves rather prominent beneath, glabrous.
on both sides ; petiole puberulous or glabrous, 1—} in. long ; stipules
subulate, caducous, } in. long; male spikes in lax terminal panicles
up to 6 in. long, individual spikes interrupted, 2-3 in. long ; rhachis
slender, puberulous or nearly glabrous ; flowers glomerulate, bracts
and bracteoles minute ; female spikes simple, 2-3 in. long, rhachis
slender ; flowers solitary to each bract; ovary glabrous; style
Alchornea., | EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). 485
4-5 lin. long ; capsule glabrous, smooth, dark-brown, } in. across ;
seeds globose. Prain in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 916, A. flori-
bunda, var. glabrata, Miill. Arg. in Journ. Bot. 1864, 336, and in DC.
Prodr, xv. ii. 905; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 979.
Eastern Recon: Zululand: Ongoo, Gerrard, 2160!
Also in Tropical Africa.
2. A. Schlechteri (Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xliii. 221); a diccious
shrub; twigs perulate, softly sparingly pubescent ; scales ovate-
oblong, scarious, brown; leaves distinctly petioled, thinly mem-
branous, oblong or obovate, acuminate, base rounded, margin
crenulate-toothed, 4 in. long, 2-21 in. wide, 3-nerved from the base,
midrib with about 3 ascending nerves on each side above the basal
pair, glabrous above, when young sparingly hirsute with long
spreading hairs especially on the nerves but soon glabrous except
for tufts of hairs in the angles of the main-nerves and midrib beneath,
glands at the base beneath inconspicuous, the stipels at the apex of
the petiole above filiform, 2 lin. long; petiole softly pubescent or
puberulous, slender, #-1} in. long, channelled above ; stipules fili-
form, }-} in. long, deciduous ; male spikes lax, lateral, 3-4 in. long,
perulate at the base like the leafy twigs but with no leaves below
the flowers ; rhachis softly pubescent, naked or with a few empty
bracts below, above with long lanceolate bracts }—1 in. long, each
subtending a cluster of 4-10 flowers ; female flowers long-pedicelled,
subsolitary at the end of leafy twigs, or in few-flowered racemes with
each flower solitary to a bract ; ovary closely and softly adpressed-
pubescent ; styles 1-1 in. long; capsule nearly glabrous, smooth,
dark-brown, } in. across; seeds globose, slightly 2-sulcate on the
inner face, faintly verrucose on the back.
Eastern Reaion : Delagoa Bay ; Lourengo Marques, 100 ft., Forbes! Schlechter,
11530! 11531! Junod!
Also in Tropical Portuguese East Africa.
Nearly allied to A. Engleri, Pax, and A. yambuyaensis, De Wild., and like them
a member of the section Stipellaria, Benth., which is perhaps best treated a
genus distinet from Alchornea, but which should include at least = a
Species of Lepidoturus, Baill, From the two nearly allied species, 4. Schlechtert
differs in being dicecious.
XXXI. MACARANGA, Thouars.
Flowers dicecious, rarely monecious ; petals 0; disc 0. Male:
Calyx closed in bud, splitting into 3-4 valvate lobes. Stamens
usually few, occasionally solitary, rarely numerous ; filaments very
short, usually free; anthers short, usually 4-celled and 4-valved,
but in the only South African species almost always 2-celled and
2-valved. Rudimentary ovary 0. Female: Calyx truncate or
486 EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). | Macaranga.
toothed, ultimately wide cupular or obliquely spathaceous, rarely
splitting into 2-3 lobes. Ovary 2-3- (rarely 4—6-) celled, sometimes
by abortion 1-celled ; ovules solitary in each cell ; styles short, stout,
entire, free or slightly connate at the base. Capsule 2- to several-
(rarely 1-) coccous; cocci 2-valved. Seeds globose ; testa crusta-
ceous ; albumen fleshy ; cotyledons broad, flat.
Trees or shrubs ; leaves alternate, petioled, simple or lobed, usually 3-7-nerved
from the base, often glandular-punctate beneath ; racemes or spikes lateral or
forming a terminal thyrsoid panicle ; male flowers glomerulate, several toa bract ;
females solitary to their bracts ; bracts entire or toothed or fimbriated,
Distrip. Species about 100, spread throughout the tropics of the Old World.
1, M. capensis (Benth. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Plant. iii. 320) ;
a diecious tree 20-30 ft. high ; trunk 1-2 ft. thick ; twigs rusty-
tomentose ; leaves long-petioled, coriaceous, orbicular-ovate, rather
abruptly acuminate, base rounded with a minute notch at the point
of junction with the petiole, or sometimes there narrowly peltate,
margin entire or very shortly denticulate, 3-6 (rarely in young
plants up to 12) in. long, 3-4 (rarely in young plants up to 8) in.
wide, 3—5-nerved from the base, pinnately nerved with 7-9 secondary
nerves on each side of the median nerve beyond the base, the nerves
all raised beneath, dark green, glabrous above or when young rusty-
puberulous on the nerves only, beneath rusty-puberulous, but soon
glabrescent and copiously gland-dotted throughout, with the lower
two-thirds of the median nerves and the lower portion of the
secondary nerves rather copiously pubescent with spreading long
hairs ; petiole glabrous, 2-5 in. long; stipules oblong-lanceolate,
copiously rusty-puberulous, }? in, long, soon deciduous; flowers in
lax axillary panicles, male up to 3 in. long, 2 in. across, female up
to 2 in. long, 14 in. across ; bracts in both sexes lanceolate, reflexed,
entire or sparingly toothed, densely rusty-pubescent ; male flowers.
sessile, several to each bract; calyx 2—3-lobed, rusty-pubescent ;
stamens 2-3, at first 4-celled, when fully developed 2-celled ; female
flowers very shortly pedicelled, solitary to their bracts; calyx
distinctly 2-3-fid; lobes ovate, acute, rusty-pubescent; ovary
glabrous, with a resinous or waxy covering, 2-celled with 2 short
free styles or as frequently by abortion 1-celled with a slightly
excentric apical style and sometimes a minute rudimentary lateral
style lower down; capsule small, viscous, globose, } in. across ;
valves coriaceous, very tardily dehiscent ; seed globose. Sim, For.
Fl. Cape Col. 314, t. 139. M. Bachmanni, Pax in Engl. Jahrb.
xxill. 525. Mappa capensis, Baill. Etud. Gén. Euphorb. 430 (sphalm.
Adenoceras), and Adansonia, iii. 155; E. Meyer ex Harv. Gen. 8.
Afr. Pl. ed. 2, 338. Mallotus capensis, Mill. Arg. in Linnea, xxxiv.
189, and in DC. Prodr, xv. ii. 966. Urticacea, 4612, Drége, Zwei
Pf. Docwmente, 155,
Eastern Region: Pondoland ; between Umtentu River and Umzimkulu River,
Drége, 4612! Port St. John, Devils Peak, 800 ft., and banks of St. Johns River,
20 ft., Galpin, 3444! St. Johns up to 1500 ft., Sim, 2417! Bachmann, 774!
Pe TL ame
Macaranga. | EUPHORBIACE { Prain), 487
Natal ; Dumisa, 2000 ft., Rudatis, 740! 746! Inanda, Wood, 875! Clairmont,
Wood, 5526! Krantz Kloof, 1800 ft., Wood, 253! 544! Nobote River, Gerrard, 1!
1911! Zululand ; Ngoye, 1-2000 ft., Wood, 11551! and without precise locality,
Gueinzius! Cooper, 3142!
XXXII. RICINUS, Linn.
Flowers moncecious ; petals 0; disc 0. Male: Calyx closed in bud,
splitting into 3-5 valvate segments. Stamens very numerous ; fila-
ments connate in repeatedly branching clusters; anther-cells
distinct, divaricate, distant, subglobose, dehiscing longitudinally.
Rudimentary ovary 0. Female: Calyx normally spathaceous, very
caducous. Ovary 3-celled; ovules solitary in each cell; styles
short or long, spreading, more or less plumose, 2-fid or 2-partite, or
occasionally entire. Capsule 3-dymous, breaking up into three
2-valved cocci. Seed ovoid-oblong, carunculate ; testa crustaceous ;
albumen fleshy ; cotyledons broad, flat.
A tall glabrous annual, usually glaucous ; in warmer regions a perennial shrub
or small tree ; leaves large, alternate, peltate, palmately 7-13-lobed, lobes serrate ;
racemes more or less paniculate at the ends of the branches ; flowers rather large,
the uppermost male, crowded, the lower female, shortly pedicelled ; capsules
smooth or echinate.
Distris. A single variable species, possibly a native of Tropical Africa, widely
cultivated and often naturalised in all warm countries.
1, R. communis (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 1007); a small evergreen
tree ; young shoots and panicles usually glaucous ; Jeaves large, long-
petioled, membranous, palmately lobed, lobes 7-13, oblong to linear,
acute or acuminate, their margin glandular-serrate, blade 1-2 ft.
across, glabrous, green or reddish especially when young ; stipules
green or red ; racemes stout, erect, dense or open; male flowers
about $ in. across ; female calyx 1-1 in. long; capsule 3-coccous,
subglobose, ellipsoid or oblong, usually echinate, sometimes smooth or
nearly so, }—3 in. long ; seeds with a prominent subglobose caruncle,
oblong, }—2 in. long, testa smooth, shining, mottled. Thunb. Prodr.
117 ; Bot. Mag. t.2209 ; Baill. Etud. Gén. Euphorb. t. 10, 11, figs. 1-5,
and Adansonia, iii. 149 ; Bentl. d& Trim. Med. Pl. iv. t. 237 ; Mill.
Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1017 ; Harv. Gen. S. Afr. Pl. ed. 2, 336 ;
Hook. f. Flora Brit. Ind. v. 457; Prain in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi.
1, 945, FR. lividus, Jacq. Misc. ii. 360, and Ic.i. t. 196; Schkuhr,
Hanab. t, 312, fig. 1; Reichb. Ic. Bot. Exot, t.153 ; Krauss in Flora,
1845, 82. R. communis, 8 sanguineus, Baill. Adansonia, i. 342. R.
communis, § lividus, Miill. Arg. lc. 1018.
Coast anp Eastern Rxetons: cultivated and naturalised, also cultivated in
the Eastern Transvaal.
The only form, or variety, of which specimens have been sent from South
frica to Kew is var. lividus, Miill. Arg. (2. lividus, Jacq.), in which the leaves
are dark red above, paler red with dark red veins beneath, red stipules, a rather
dense fruiting panicle and an ellipsoid rather densely and stoutly echinate capsule :
doubtless, however, other forms are also to be met with.
488 EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). [ Adenocline.
XXXII. ADENOCLINE, Turcz.
Flowers dieecious, very rarely moncecious ; petals 0; disc glan-
dular. Male: Calyx deeply 5-lobed, open in bud ; lobes imbricate.
Stamens usually 10, sometimes fewer or more (6-12); filaments
short, free, the outer alternate with the calyx-lobes, inserted round
the central gland-bearing receptacle ; anthers terminal, 2-celled ;
cells distinct, globose, divaricate, opening from the apex, and each
at length 2-valved. Rudimentary ovary 0. Female : Calyx deeply
5-lobed ; lobes as long as the ovary, imbricate. Disc of 3 broad
glands alternating with carpels. Ovary 3-celled ; ovules solitary 1n
each cell; styles slender, 2-partite, recurved, slightly united at the
base. Capsule 3-dymous, breaking up into 2-valved cocci. Seeds
globose; testa thinly crustaceous; albumen fleshy; cotyledons
rather narrow, flat.
Slender, erect or diffuse, usually firm, rarely succulent herbs ; leaves alternate
or in one species opposite, narrow or broad, entire or toothed ; flowers very small,
in axillary cymules often passing into a terminal raceme or panicle ; male flowers
usually several ; female flowers few or solitary, usually forming uniparous cymes,
their pedicels abruptly reflexed.
Distris. Eight endemic species.
Dicecious plants ; leaves herbaceous.
Leaves alternate :
Leaves all sessile, ovate, serrate; stipules large,
foliaceous ... so tes aes ge ... (1) stricta.
Leaves petioled below :
Upper leaves petioled as well as the lower :
Stipules rather large, foliaceous ... ay ... (2) ovalifolia.
Stipules very small te oak woe ... (3) humilis.
Upper leaves sessile or subsessile :
Lower petioled leaves narrow-lanceolate, acute:
Upper sessile leaves entire... = ... (4) sessilifolia.
Upper sessile leaves serrate... ite ... (5) serrata.
Lower petioled leaves orbicular or ovate, obtuse (6) bupleuroides.
Leaves opposite, petioled ve ... (7) Mereurialis.
Moneecious plants ; leaves flaccid, below subopposite ... (8) procumbens.
1, A. stricta (Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1912, 338); a diccious
herb, woody below, strictly virgately branching upwards, 8-9 1.
high ; internodes }—} in. long ; leaves alternate, sessile, firmly mem-
branous, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, acute, base broad confluent
with the stipules, margin sharply serrate, 1-} in. long, }—} in. wide ;
stipules like the leaves but slightly smaller, 1-1 in. long, j-} ™-
wide ; male flowers not seen ; female flowers solitary, leaf-opposed,
their pedicels abruptly reflexed ; calyx-segments 5, their margins
serrate ; ovary glabrous; capsule 1} lin. wide, 3-dymous, smooth.
Prain in Ann. Bot. xxvii. 406.
Adenoeline. | EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). 489
Coast Recion: Bredasdorp Div.; Reit Fontein Poort, 100-200 ft., Bolus,
8603 ! Schlechter, 9694 !
A remarkably distinct species.
2, A. ovalifolia (Turez. in Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. xvi, 60); a
diccious herb with numerous slender procumbent laxly branching
Stems radiating from a vertical perennial woody base, which is
3—4 in. long, the herbaceous stems 1-14 ft. long; leaves alternate,
distinctly petioled, membranous, below ovate, acute, base rounded,
gradually narrowing upwards to ovate-lanceolate with base cuneate,
margin closely sharply serrate, }—3 in. long, }—} in. wide, glabrous
on both surfaces ; petiole 4-1} in. long below, } in. long towards the
ends of the branches, glabrous; stipules foliaceous, often rather
large and ovate-lanceolate, j-} in. long, with margin serrate or
subentire, but usually lanceolate, }—} in. long, with margin deeply
incised ; male flowers in axils of reduced leaves towards ends of
branches, several to an axil ; female flowers solitary, leaf-opposed,
their pedicels abruptly reflexed ; calyx-segments in both sexes 5 ;
Stamens usually 10; ovary glabrous; capsule 14 lin. wide,
3-dymous, smooth ; seeds ovoid-globose, pale greyish-green. _ Puree.
én Flora, 1844, 121, and in Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. xxv. ii. 179 ;
Prain in Ann. Bot. xxvii. 406. A. humilis, Baill. Etud. Gén. Euphorb.
457; not of Turez. A. pauciflora, B ovalifolia, Mill. Arg. in DC.
| Prodr. xv. ii. 1139, 8 bupleuroides, Mull. Arg. l.c. 1140, partly and
as to Zeyher 1516 only, and ¢ serrata, Mill. Arg. lc. 1140. Trian-
thema debilis, Spreng. ea Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mose. xvi.
60, and T. dubium, Spreng. ex Turez. l.c. xxv. ii. 179. Mercurialis
serrata, Meisn. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. 557; Krauss in Flora,
1845, 84. M. bupleuroides ?, Kunze in Linnea, xx. 54, mainly, but
excl. M. Zeyheri, Kunze; Baill. Adansonia, iii, 199, partly ; not of
Meisn. Diplostylis serrata, Sond, in Linnea, xxiii. 114, partly and as
to Zeyher, 1516 and Ecklon & Zeyher, 39, partly.
Var. 8, rotundifolia (Prain, Lc.); leaves below suborbicular, subacute, base
rounded ; above ovate, acute, base rounded, otherwise as in the type. A. pauci-
fora, a rotundifolia, Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr, xv. ii. 1139.
Sour Arrica: without locality, Masson! Harvey, 626! and cultivated
specimens ! 2
L Coast Region : Cape Div. ; Hout Bay, 0-150 ft., Krauss, 1190 ; Bolus, 7059 !
and in Herb. Norm, Austr.-A ifr. 10931 Schlechter, 958! Wolley-Dod, 1652!
Simonstown, by Ncahs Ark Battery, Wolley-Dod, 2819, partly ! Sandhills = si
Flats, Wolley-Dod, 1882! Wynberg Hill, Harvey ! Lion Mountain, / ate
Swellendam Diy. ; without precise locality, Mund (Ecklon & Zeyher, 39, part y)!
Riversdale Div. ; Kaffir Kuils River, Stack (Zeyher, 1516)! East London Div. ;
East London, Wood, 3137! Kemgha Div.; near Kei River Mouth, tesa Se
$42! Var. B: Cape Div. ; Simonstown, by Noahs Ark Battery, Wolley- :
2819, mainly !
3. A. humilis (Turez. in Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mose. xvi. 61); a
dicecious herb with many filiform ascending stems, rather virgately
branched, springing from a slender perennial woody base which is
490 EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). [ Adenoeline-
1-3 in. long, the herbaceous stems }-1 ft. long ; leaves alternate,
distinctly petioled, thinly membranous, below ovate or oblong or
suborbicular, acute rarely obtuse, base shallow-cordate, gradually
narrowed upwards to ovate-lanceolate with cuneate base, sometimes
the lower leaves cuneate, very rarely the upper leaves cordate at
the base, margin wide shallow-crenate rarely serrate, sometimes
quite entire, 1} in. long, }—} in. wide, glabrous on both surfaces ;
petiole 1-1 in. long below, 1—} in. long above, glabrous ; stipules
small, lanceolate, 1 lin. long or less, entire or faintly denticulate ;
male flowers in axils of uppermost leaves, several to an axil ; female
flowers not seen ; male calyx-segments 5; stamens 6-8. Turez. im
Flora, 1844, 121, and in Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mose, xxv. i. 17S,
excl. syn. Meisn. and Sond.; Prain in Ann. Bot, xxvii. 407. A.
pauciflora, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mose. xvi. 60, as to the male
plant with alternate leaves only. A. pauciflora, y humilis, Mill. Arg.
in DO. Prodr. xv. ii. 1140, excl. syn. Kunze, and @ tenella, Mill.
Arg. le. Mercurialis tenella, Meisn. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot.
ii. 556; Krauss in Flora, 1845, 84. M. triandra, Sond. in Linnea,
xxiii. 113, and Baill. Adansonia, iii. 160, as to syn. Meisn. ; not of
E. Meyer. M. bupleuroides, Baill. Adansonia, iii. 159, partly ; not of
Meisn. M. pauciflora, Baill. l.c. partly. Euphorbiacea, 3441, Drege,
Zwei Pfl. Documente, 45, partly.
Coast Recon: Mossel Bay Div. ; banks of the Great Brak River, Burchell,
6157! Humansdorp Diy. ; Zitzikamma, Krauss, 1911; Stockenstrom Div. ;
Kat Berg, Drége, 3441, male plant only! 8223! Queenstown Div. ; Hangklip
Mountain, 6000 ft., Galpin, 1782!
CentraL Recon: Graaf Reinet Div. ; Cave Mountains, 4400 ft., Bolus, 697,
partly ! 4570! : :
Nearly allied to A. ovalifolia, Turez., but readily distinguished by the very
small stipules ; also nearly related to A. serrata, Turez., but easily distinguished
by the petioled upper leaves.
4. A. sessilifolia (Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. xvi. 61,
partly, and excl. Drége, 1867); a diccious herb with numerous
rather wiry erect virgately branching stems 1-1} ft. high, app@
rently springing from a woody base, internodes 14—2 in. long ; leaves
alternate, below distinctly petioled, above sessile, firmly mem-
branous, the basal narrow-lanceolate, acute, base rounded, the uppe”
linear-lanceolate, acute, base relatively wide confluent with the
linear stipules, margin entire, involute, }—} in. long, 1 lin. or less
wide, glabrous on both surfaces ; stipules laciniate at the base on
the side away from the leaf; male flowers in axils of uppermost
leaves, several to an axil; female flowers leaf-opposed, solitary, the!r
pedicels abruptly reflexed ; calyx-segments in both sexes 5 ; stamens
usually 10; ovary glabrous ; capsule 1} lin. wide, 3-dymous, smooth 3
seeds ovoid-globose, greyish. Twurez. in Flora, 1844, 121, partly, and
in Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mose. xxv. ii. 180; Prain in Ann. Bot. xxvil-
408. A. sessiliflora, Baill. Btud. Gén. Euphorb. 457, t. 9, fig. 6- A.
pauciflora, 9 sessilifolia, Mill. Arg. in DO. Prodr. xv. ii. 1140. A-
paucifiora, Pax in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. v. 49, fig. 30 E+
Adenocline. | EUPHORBIACE (Prain), 491
not of Turcz. Diplostylis angustifolia, Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 113.
Mercurialis bupleuroides, Baill. Adansonia, iii. 159, partly; net of
Meisn.
Coast Recion: Clanwilliam Div.; Brakfontein, near the Olifants River,
Ecklon & Zeyher, 40! near Wupperthal, 1900 ft., Bolus, 9090! Malmesbury Div. ;
between Mamre and Saldanha Bay, Drége, 1868, mainly! Cape Div. ; Riet Valley,
Laudenbach, Ecklon &: Zeyher, 39, partly ! Uniondale Div. ; Kamanassie Mountains,
near Avontuur, Bolus, 2460 !
5. A. serrata (Turez. in Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mose. xxv. ii. 180,
excl. syns.) ; a dicecious herb with numerous filiform decumbent
stems rather virgately branched, springing from a perennial woody
base, the herbaceous stems 14—2 ft. long ; leaves alternate, the lower
very shortly petioled, the upper subsessile or sessile, firmly mem-
branous, Janceolate, acute, base cuneate, margin sparingly and
sharply serrate, 1-1 in. long, 1 lin. or under wide, glabrous on both
surfaces ; petiole }—2 lin. long; stipules lanceolate, foliaceous, free,
1}~2 lin, long, their margin serrate ; male flowers in axils of upper-
most leaves, several to an axil; female flowers leaf-opposed, solitary,
‘their pedicels abruptly reflexed; calyx-segments in both sexes
usually 5; stamens 6-10; ovary glabrous ; capsule 1} lin, wide ;.
3-dymous, smooth ; seeds ovoid-globose, greenish-grey. A. sessili-
Jolia, Turez. in Bull. Soe. Imp, Nat. Mose. xvi. 61, partly and as to
Drége, 1867 only. A. paueiflora, y humilis, Mill. Arg. in DC.
Prodr. xv. ii. 1140, partly and as to syn. Mercurialis Zeyheri only ;
8 bupleuroides, Mill. Arg. le. partly and as to Drége, 1867 only,
and € transiens, Miill. Arg. lc. A. Zeyheri, Prain in Ann. Bot.
Xxvii. 408. Mercurialis bupleuroides, Meisn. in Hook. Lond. Journ.
Bot. ii. 557, partly and as to Drege, 1867 only; Kunze in Linnea,
xx. 54, partly and as to syn. Mercurialis Zeyhert only; Baill.
Adansonia, iii. 159, partly. M. Zeyheri, Kunze, le. Diplostylis
serrata, Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 114, mainly, but excl. Zeyher, 1516,
and Eckl, & Zeyh. 39, from Swellendam.
SovuTH AFRica: without locality, Drege, 1867 a (Herb. Kew)! 1868, partly !
and cultivated specimens | ‘
Coast REGION - Knysna Div. ; between Groene Valley and Zwart Valley,
Burchell, 5678! Humansdorp Div. ; Humansdorp, under 500 ft., Rogers, 3082!
Uitenhage Div. ; Sand dunes near Uitenhage, Laidley, 112! Ecklon & Zeyher, 39,
partly ! Port Elizabeth Div. ; at Walmer and Humerood, Mrs. Paterson, 1030!
Albany Diy., Grahamstown, South | Howisons Poort, 2000 ft., Glass, 191! é
Centra Recion : Graaff Reinet Div. ; near Graaff Reinet, 4000 ft., Bolus, 697,
partly !
6. A. bupleuroides (Prain in Ann. Bot. xxvii. 407) ; a dicecious
herb with numerous erect virgately branching stems rising from a
Woody base; base horizontal, 2~3 in. long; herbaceous stems
1-1} ft, high ; leaves alternate, firmly membranous, those. nearest
the base short-petioled, orbicular or obovate, obtuse, $—1 in. long,
2 in. wide, those above sessile, ovate-lanceolate, Janceolate or linear,
acute, 1-2 in, long, 1-1 in. wide, base cuneate, margin sharply
-Serrate, glabrous on both surfaces ; petiole of lower leaves }—} in.
492 EUPHORBIACE (Prain). | Adenocline.
long, glabrous ; stipules free, lanceolate, foliaceous, 14—2 lin. long,
laciniate near the base; male flowers in axils of uppermost leaves,
several to an axil ; female flowers solitary, leaf-opposed, their pedicels
abruptly reflexed ; calyx-segments in both sexes usually 5 ; stamens
12-20; ovary glabrous; capsule 2} lin. wide, 3-dymous, smooth ;
seeds ovoid-globose, nearly black. A. humilis, Turcz. in Bull. Soc.
Imp. Nat. Mose. xxv. ii. 179, as to the plants of Meisner and Sonder,
not of Turez. lc. xvie 61. A. pauciflora, 8 bupleuroides, Mill. Arg. im
DC. Prodr. xv. ti. 1140, as to Krauss, 1169 and Gueinzius, 172 only.
Mercurialis bupleuroides, Meisn. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. 557,
as to Krauss, 1169 only; Krauss in Flora, 1845, 84; Baill. Adan-
sonia, iii. 159, partly. Diplostylis bupleuroides, Sond. in Linnea,
xxill. 114. D. longifolia, Sond, Mss. in Herb. Harv.
Var. 8, Pegler (Prain in Ann. Bot. xxvii. 408); leaves all orbicular or
obovate, obtuse.
Coast ReGiIon: Uitenhage Div. ; Elands River, Ecklon & Zeyher, 39, partly !
Albany Div. ; near Grahamstown, Miss Daly, 903! Featherstones Kloof, 2500 ft.,
Galpin, 255! East London Div. ; near Nahoon, Rattray, 216! Komgha Div. ;
near the Gwenkala River, Flanagan, 695! ;
Eastern Reoion : Transkei; Krielis Country, Bowker, 286! Griqualand East ;
Mount Currie, 5300 ft., Tyson, 1798! 18383! Pondoland; St. Johns River,
Drege, 5173! Natal; near Durban, Krauss, 1169; Gueinzius, 172! above Pine-
town, 2200 ft., Wood, 5003! Clairmont, Wood, 10636! Inanda, 1800 ft., Wood,
253! Inchanga, 2000-3000 ft., Wood, 7184! Tugela, Haygarth in Herb. Wood,
10155! Ingoma, Gerrard, 1168! Nottingham, Buchanan, 149! near Krantz Kloof,
1500 ft., Schlechter, 3179! Dumisa, 2000 ft., Rudatis, 634! Zululand ; Entumen},
2000 ft., Wood, 741! Var. 8: Transkei; Kentani, Miss Pegler, 871!
7. A. Mercurialis (Turez. in Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mose. xvi. 60) ;
a dicecious scandent herb; stems 2—5 ft. long, sparingly branched,
herbaceous, distinctly striate, jointed ; leaves opposite, long-petioled,
membranous, ovate, acute or acuminate, base cuneate or truncate or
cordate, margin crenate-serrate, 1-3 in. long, 3-2 in. wide, glabrous
on both surfaces with a few filiform glands at apex of petiole;
petiole 1-2 in. long, glabrous; stipules minute, lacerate; flowers 10
terminal simple or branched racemes ; males several in the axils of
reduced leaves ; females solitary, leaf-opposed, their pedicels abruptly
deflexed ; calyx-segments in both sexes usually 5; stamens 10-12;
ovary glabrous ; capsule 14 lin. long, 3-dymous, smooth ; seeds ovoid-
globose, brown. T'urcz. in Flora, 1844, 121, and in Bull. Soc. Imp.
Nat. Mosc. xxv. ii. 179. A. paueiflora, Turez. in Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat.
Mosc. xvi. 60, as to Drege, 3441 female, in Flora, 1844, 121, and
in Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. xxv. ii. 179; Baill. Etud. Gén.
Euphorb. 457, partly. A. acuta, Baill. Btud. Gén. Euphorb. 457 ;
Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1141; Pax in Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. iii. v. 49, fig. 30 A-D; Prain in Ann. Bot. xxvu-
404. Mereurialis caffra, Krauss in Flora, 1845, 84; Baill. Adan-
sonia, iii. 160. M. caffra, a brevipes, Meisn. in Hook. Lond. Journ.
Bot. ii, 558. M. caffra, B longipes, Meisn. le. ; Krauss, Le.
dregeana, Meisn. lc. 559; Buching. ex Krauss, lc. M. subcordata,
Buching. ex Krauss, lc. M. pauciflora, Baill. Adansonia, iii. 159,”
Adenocline. | EUPHORBIACE (Prain). 493
partly. Diplostylis caffra, Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 115. Acalypha
acuta, Thunb. Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 546 ; Spreng. ex Steud. Nomenel. ed.
2,1.9. Huphorbiacea, 3441, Drége in Zwei Pfl. Docuwmente, 45, mainly.
Sour Arrica: without locality, Thunberg! Masson !
Coast Reaton: Stellenbosch Diy. ; Hottentots Holland, Zeyher, 3842, partly !
Caledon Div. ; Oaks (Farm ?), Prior! Swellendam Div. ; Voormans Bosch, Zeyher,
3842, partly! George Div. ; forest near George, Prior! Outeniqua mountains,
Rehmann, 259! Woodville, Galpin, 4575! Knysna Div. ; near Gouwkamma River,
Krauss, 1192! Ruigte Valley, Drége, 2301 a! Groene Valley, Burchell, 5625!
Humansdorp Div. ; near the Kromme River, Drége, 2301 b! Uitenhage Div. ; near
Van Stadens River, Dréye, 2301¢! Port Elizabeth Div. ; Baakens River, Burchell,
4339! Mrs. Paterson, 838 ! Cape Recief, Ecklon, 611! Ecklon & Zeyher, 37 | Krak-
kakamma Forests, Zeyher, 552! Ecklon, 828! Alexandria Div. ; Olifants Hoek,
Ecklon & Zeyher, 36! Bathurst Div. ; mouth of the Great Fish River, Burchell, 3735!
between Sunday River and Fish River, Thunberg! near Port Alfred, Schinland,
788! 1544! Schlechter, 2732! Albany Div. ; near Grahamstown, Bolton! Bolus,
2681! Penther 914! Howisons Poort, Mrs. Hutton! MacOwan, 318! Trapps
Valley, Miss Anstev, 9! Atherstone, Rogers, 3301! and without precise locality,
Bowker ! Williamson! MacOwan, 222! Fort Beaufort Div. ; near Fort Beaufort,
Ecklon & Zeyher, 38! Stockenstrom Diy.; Kat Berg, Drége, 3441, mainly!
Shaw! near Philipton, 2000-3000 ft., Ecklon & Zeyher ! East London Div. ; East
London, Rattray, 128! 158!
CrentraL Recion : Somerset Div. ; Somerset East, Scott Elliot, 643!
Kananart Recton: Transvaal; Rimers Creek, near Barberton, Thorncroft,
250! 5592! Highland Creek, 3000 ft., Galpin, 841! Houtbosch, Rehmann, 5963 !
Shilovane, Junod, 863 !
Eastern Recon: Transkei; Kentani, 1500 ft., Herb. Umtata Convent, 495!
Tembuland ; Bazeia, 2500 ft., Baur, 128! Perie Forest, Schénland, 851! Pondo-
land ; woods near Fort Donald, 3500 ft., Z'yson, 1782! and without precise
locality, Bachmann, 803! Griqualand East; near the River Chivenka, 4300 ft.,
Bolus, 10285! Insizwa Mountains; Arook, 906! Natal; Notote, Gerrard, 32!
Ingoma, Gerrard, 1175! woods near Byrne, 3000 ft., Wood, 1816! Zuurberg
Bush, Wood, 1987! near Van Reenen, 5200 ft., Schlechter, 6958! Umlaas River,
Krauss, 156 ! and without precise locality, Gerrard, 545! Cooper, 3151!
8. A. procumbens (Benth. ex Pax in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
iii. v. 49); a moneecious succulent herb; stems green, glabrous,
suberect or diffuse, 4-8 in. long; leaves below subopposite, above
alternate, long-petioled, very thinly membranous, ovate, acute, base
somewhat cordate, margin shortly, sharply and distantly serrate,
4-1 in. long, 4-3 in. wide, glabrous on both surfaces ; petiole
2-1} in. long, glabrous ; stipules lanceolate, minute ; male flowers
in sessile or short peduncled axillary glomerules; female flowers
bract-opposed, solitary, their pedicels abruptly retlexed ; calyx-
segments in both sexes linear-lanceolate, male calyx usually 5-,
Sometimes 6-, rarely 7-partite; female calyx regularly 5-partite ;
stamens 6-8 ; ovary glabrous ; capsule 1 lin, wide, 3-dymous, smooth ;
seeds ovoid-globose, blackish. A. Mercurialis, Baill. Etud. Gén.
Euphorb. 457, partly ; not of Turez. A. violefolia, Prain in Ann.
Bot. xxvii. 403. Acalypha obtusata, Spreng. ex Steud. Nomenel. ed. 2,
i. 10, partly. Mercurialis annua, Drége ex E. Meyer in Drege, 4Lwei
Pl. Documente, 201 ; not of Linn. M. tricocca, E. Meyer, l.e., in inten-
tion but only partly as to spec. (name only) ; Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Krauss
in Flora, 1845, 85 (name only); Sond. in Linnea, xxiil. iil, excl.
syn. Thunb. M. violefolia, Kunze, Ind. Sem. Hort. Lips. 1846, with
494 EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). | Adenocline.
diagn. and in Linnea, xx. 55 and xxiv. 162; Baill, Adansonia, iii.
159, ewel. syn. Thunb. Paradenocline violefolia, Mill. Arg. in DC.
Prodr, xv. ii. 793, name only. P. procumbens, Mill. Arg. le. 1141,
excl, syn. Mercurialis procumbens, Linn.
Sovurn Arrica: cultivated specimens.
Coast Recion: Clanwilliam Div. ; Zeekoe Vley, 400 ft., Schlechter, 8502!
near Zwartbosch Kraal, 400-500 ft., Schlechter, 5174! Malmesbury Div. ; Kloof
near Hopefield, Bachmann, 1265! pass near Malmesbury, 900 ft., Schlechter, 1603!
Paarl Div. ; near Paarl, 1000 ft., Drege (M. annua)! Cape Div. ; Green Point,
Zeyher, 3842, partly! Harvey! Waterfall on Devils Mountain, Harvey! Constantia,
800-1000 ft., Avauss, 1821; Oatlands Point, Woolley-Dod, 2922! Muizenberg,
Schlechter, 1278! Swellendam Div. ; Kinko River near Swellendam, Zeyher, 3842,
partly! Uitenhage Div. ; Addo, Drége, 2346 (M. tricocca c)! Alexandria Div. ;
Zuurberg Range, Drége (M. tricocca b, partly)!
CentRAL ReEGIon: Willowmore Div.; between the Zwartberg Range and
Aasvogelberg, Drége (M. tricocca a in Herb. Brit. Mus. and Herb. Leiden)! Graaff
ob Div. ; Oudeberg Mountains, 3000 ft., and near Graaff Reinet, 2500 ft.,
olus, 429}
This species, owing to the structure of its anthers, has been considered by
Miiller the type of a distinct genus, Paradenocline, Bentham has pointed out
that there is nothing in the character of the anthers to separate Paradenocline
from Adenocline. The plant should, however, be treated as the type of a distinct
section, with androgynous in place of 1-sexual dicecious inflorescences. As regards
its facies it differs from the other species of Adenocline and agrees with Leidesia
obtusa, Mill. Arg., which it greatly resembles and for which it has often been
mistaken. There is no specimen of this plant in the Linnean Herbarium, and
there is no foundation for the assertion of Miiller that this is the species described
by Linneus as Mercurialis procumbens. The first description of the species,
published by Kunze in 1846, was based on specimens grown in the Leipzig Botanic
Garden. Kunze’s name also perpetuates a misapprehension, for the evidence
available goes to show that this species is not the plant which was named by
se (Parad. Bat., App. 10) Mercurialis africana dicoccos folio Viole
ricoloris.
XXXIV. GELONIUM, Roxb.
Flowers dicecious, rarely moncecious ; petals 0. Male: Sepals 5,
rarely 6, broad, often unequal, imbricate in bud. Receptacle glan-
dular or if eglandular with a small extra-staminal disc. Stamens
6-60 ; filaments free, filiform ; anthers dorsifixed low down, introrse,
dehiscing longitudinally. Rudimentary ovary 0. Female : Sepals
5, imbricate, narrower than in the male. Disc with a membranous
margin, sometimes bearing very rudimentary staminodes. Ovary
2—3-celled ; ovules solitary in each cell ; styles 2-3, short, spreading,
shortly 2-fid or lacerate. Fruit globose or 3-dymous, capsular or
drupaceous ; endocarp woody, 3- or 2-celled or casually by abortion
l-celled, indehiscent or at length opening loculicidally or breaking
up into 2-3 cocci. Seed without a caruncle ; testa crustaceous with
a somewhat pulpy outer coat ; albumen fleshy ; cotyledons broad, flat.
Gelonium. | EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). 495
Trees or shrubs, everywhere glabrous; leaves alternate, entire or toothed,
gland-dotted, often vesicular ; stipules connate, very caducous ; flowers small, in
leaf-opposed sessile or subsessile cymose glomerules ; pedicels very short.
Distris. Species about 18, widespread in the tropics of the Eastern
Hemisphere from East and South Africa to India, Malaya and New Guinea.
Leaves acute or acuminate, 2 in. long or longer, their
margins sharply spinulose-serrate throughout --- (1) serratum,
Leaves obtuse, usually under 2 in. long, their margins
coarse bluntly toothed at the apex only, elsewhere
entire “as és ... (2) africanum.
l. G. serratum (Pax & K. Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenr. Euphorb.
Gelon. 23); a small tree, everywhere glabrous ; leaves short-petioled,
oblong or obovate-oblong, acute or acuminate, base cuneate, margin
spinulose-serrate throughout, 2-3 in. long, 14-1} in. wide, sub-
coriaceous, nerves rather faint, reticulate, pellucid-dotted and some-
what vesicular ; petiole over 1 lin. long ; flowers diccious, fascicled,
male few, their pedicels very short ; male sepals 1 lin. long, with
ciliate margin and a dorsal gland ; stamens 8 ; receptacle glandular ;
female flowers and fruit not seen. G. adenophorum, Sim, For. FI.
Port. E. Afr. 105; not of Mill. Arg.
Eastern REGIon: Delagoa Bay; Umbolosi, 50 ft., Schlechter, 11722! Chore ;
near Quisiqui, Sim.
_ Most nearly allied to G. zanzibarense, Miill. Arg., but readily distinguished by
its spinulose-serrate leaves and its dicecious flowers.
2. G. africanum (Miill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1129) ; a shrub or
small tree, 6-20 ft. high, everywhere glabrous ; leaves short-petioled,
obovate, somewhat truncately obtuse, base cuneate, margin coarsely
toothed only at the apex, 3-1} (rarely 24) in. long, 2-1 (very rarely
1?) in. wide, chartaceous, nerves prominent, reticulate, pellucid-
dotted ; petiole under 1 lin. long ; flowers dicecious, fascicled, male
numerous, their pedicels 14 lin. long; female pedicels in fruit about
} in. long ; male sepals 1 lin. long ; stamens 12-14; female sepals
unequal, the outer 3 the smallest ; hypogynous dise often with 5-6
minute subulate staminodes ; styles short, recurved, 2-fid ; capsule
3-dymous, softly coriaceous, opening loculicidally ; seed subglobose,
glabrous. Sim, For. Fl. Cape Col. 318, t. 103, fig. 7, and in For.
Fl. Port. E. Afr. 105; Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr. Euphorb. Gelon. 21.
Ceratophorus africanus, Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 121. Suregada
Ceratophora, Baill, Adansonia, iii. 154. S. africana, O. Kuntze, Rev.
Gen. Pl. ii. 619.
Coast Recton: Uitenhage Div.; Uitenhage, Prior! Albany Div. ; Kowei
River, below 500 ft., Ecklon & Zeyher, 69! East London Div. ; Quigney, 50 ft.,
Galpin, 3337! East London, Rattray, 671! Komgha Div. ; woods near Komgha,
- 2000 i. Flanagan, 63! ?
CeyTRaL REGION : Somerset Fast Div. ; Somerset, Miss Bowker !
Eastern Recion: Transkei; Kentani, 400-1000 ft., Mise Pegler, 1120! 1259!
1260! Tembuland ; Perie Forest, 2500 ft., Galpin, 5911! Natal ; near Durban,
Gueinzius, 104! Thode in Herb. Wood, 4724! Notote, Gerrard, 1384! Delagoa
Bay ; Ressano Garcia, 1000 ft., Schlechter, 11932! Sim ; Maputa, Sim ; Chope, Sim.
496 EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). [ Plukenetia.
XXXV. PLUKENETIA, Linn.
Flowers moncecious ; petals 0; disc 0. Male: Calyx 4—5-lobed ;
lobes valvate. Stamens 8-30; filaments very short, free, inserted
on a fleshy raised receptacle; anthers short, erect, their cells dis-
tinct, opening longitudinally. Rudimentary ovary usually 0-
Female: Calyx 4—5-lobed ; lobes imbricate. Ovary normally 4-celled ;
ovules solitary in each cell ; styles connate in a hollow cylindric or
subglobose fleshy column crowned by the short or very short free
stigmatic lobes. Capsule in our species depressed 4-dymous, breaking
up into 2-valved cocci; cocci dorsally winged. Seed globose or
compressed ; testa crustaceous, sometimes winged ; albumen fleshy ;
cotyledons broad, flat.
Slender, twining, rarely erect or procumbent, herbs or undershrubs, rarely
shrubs; leaves alternate, petioled, entire or toothed, 3-5-nerved from the base ;
flowers in axillary or leaf-opposed racemes, pedicelled, male usually minute, more
or less glomerulate above, female solitary towards the base of the raceme, always
few, sometimes casually absent.
Distrrs. Species about 12, in most hot countries ; in tropical Africa four, of
which the two here described extend to South Africa.
Stems erect ... ee Ste ves oS a ... (1) africana.
Stems twining eae “os 38 ve ie ... (2) hastata,
1, P. africana (Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 110); a branching under-
shrub ; stems erect, 1} ft. high, thinly pubescent ; leaves short-
petioled, membranous, oblong-triangular, acute, base subcordate or
somewhat 3-lobed and cuneate between the small coarsely toothed
lateral lobes, margin except on the basal lobes minutely and
distantly toothed or subentire, 1-1} in. long, $ in. wide at the base,
more or less pubescent especially on the nerves when young, at
length nearly glabrous, nerves especially beneath purplish ; petiole
glabrous, }—1 in. long; stipules linear, small ; racemes leaf-opposed,
about 1 in. long, shortly peduncled, with 20-30 male flowers 1
8-12 glomerules above and a solitary basal female flower ; bracts
lanceolate, small; male calyx 4-lobed ; stamens about 8 ; filaments
short ; female calyx 4-lobed ; ovary pilose ; stigma 4-lobed ; capsule
4-dymous, transversely } in., diagonally } in. across ; cocci distinctly
winged on the back ; seeds complanate, under } in. across, narrowly
marginally winged. Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 773; Prain m
Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 951. Sajorium africanum, Baill. Adan
sonia, iii. 160. Pseudotragia Schinzii, Paw in Bull. Herb. Boiss.
2™ sér. viii. 635.
Katanart Recion: Bechuanaland; Messeringa Vlei, Seiner! Transvaal ;
Macalisberg Range, Burke! Zeyher, 1522! '
Also in German South-West Africa.
Plukenetia. | EUPHORBIACE# (Prain). 497
2. P. hastata (Mill. Arg. in Flora, 1864, 469); a herb with
woody base; stems up to 4—5 ft. long, slender, twining, branched,
thinly pubescent; leaves short-petioled, membranous, oblong-trian-
gular to lanceolate, base sometimes sagittate or cordate or somewhat
3-lobed and cuneate between the small coarsely toothed lateral lobes,
margin except on the basal lobes minutely and distantly toothed or
subentire, 1-3 in. long, in. wide at the base, more or less pubes-
cent especially on the nerves when young, at length nearly glab-
rous, nerves especially beneath purplish ; petiole glabrous, }—} in.
long ; stipules linear, small; racemes leaf-opposed, up to 2 in. long,
distinctly peduncled, with 30-40 male flowers in 12-18 glomerules
above and a solitary basal female flower which may sometimes be
absent ; bracts lanceolate, small; male calyx 4-lobed; stamens
about 12; filaments short; female calyx 4-lobed ; ovary pilose ;
stigma 4-lobed ; capsule 4-dymous, transversely } in., diagonally
2 in. across ; cocci distinctly winged at the back ; seeds complanate,
under } in. across, narrowly marginally winged. Miill. Arg. in DC.
Prodr. xv. ii. 772; Prain in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi.i. 950. Pseudo-
tragia scandens, Pax in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2” sér. viii. 636.
Katanari Recion : Transvaal; South African Gold-field, Baines !
Easrern Rearon : Portuguese East Africa; Lourenco Marques, Schlechter, 115261
Also in Tropical Africa. a Nene
_ Very nearly allied to P. africana, Sond., and principally to be distinguished by
its twining, not erect stems.
XXXVI DALECHAMPIA, Linn.
Flowers moneecious, those of the two sexes together, enveloped by
two showy bracts; petals 0; disc 0. Male: Calyx closed in bud,
splitting into 4-6 valvate lobes. Stamens usually 20-30, rarely
more or fewer ; filaments united in a short or long column ; anthers
erect, 2-celled; cells parallel, dehiscing longitudinally. Rudimen-
tary ovary 0. Female: Calyx usually 6-partite, lobes more or less
2-seriately imbricate, or 5-partite, quincuncial, rarely more than
6-partite ; segments pinnatifid or fimbriate, less often lanceolate
entire, often accrescent and coriaceous in fruit. Ovary 3-celled,
rarely 4-celled ; ovules solitary in each cell ; styles united in a long
column ; stigma capitate, small or dilated, entire or lobulate.
Capsule 3-dymous, rarely 4-dymous, breaking up into 2-valved cocci ;
endocarp crustaceous or woody. Seeds globose or ellipsoid, without
a strophiole ; albumen fleshy ; cotyledons broad, flat.
ini imbing; leaves alternate, long-petioled, entire or
Oo eneriee tlag a, y, sessile or edimioled, ‘mally congested
and subeapitate, surrounded by the 2 large veined and usually brightly coloured
simple or lobed involucral bracts ; flowers sessile or shortly pedicelled, the outer
and lower female, usually 3 to a bract; the inner and upper 3 or more to each
bract ; capsules sometimes small, with rounded cocci, sometimes large with hard
angular cocci, ‘
FL, C,— VOL, V.— SECT. Il. « K
498 EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). [ Dalechampia.
DistRIB, Species about 60, spread throughout the warmer regions of both
hemispheres, but most numerous in America.
Leaves divided into distinct leaflets pit eee ... (1) Galpini.
Leaves 3—5-lobed or -partite but not divided to the base ;
Male bracts entire :
Stigmas dilated oe vee tee ve ..» (2) Kirkii.
Stigmas not dilated... ie ate wa ... (3) volubilis.
Male bracts glandular-lacinulate oat ae ... (4) capensis.
1. D. Galpini (Pax in Bull. Herb. Boiss. vi. 736); a prostrate
undershrub ; stems slender, pubescent, spreading from a stout woody
stock, 1-1} ft. long; leaves short-petioled, 3-foliolate, segments obtuse
or subacute, their margin coarsely toothed, central oblong or oblong-
lanceolate, lateral unequally 2-fid, the outer segments the shorter,
lobes 4-1} in. long, }—3 in. wide, more or less pubescent on the
nerves on both surfaces, prominently reticulately veined beneath ;
petiole pubescent, } in. long; stipules ovate-lanceolate, spreading,
pubescent, 1} lin. long; heads peduncled; peduncles slender,
pubescent, 4-1} in. long ; involucral bracts small, green, } in. long
and broad, the upper 5-lobed, the lower 3-lobed, lobes acute, their
margin entire, ciliate; male bracts entire; male calyx glabrous,
lobes ovate, acute ; female calyx-segments lanceolate ; ovary hirsute ;
style columnar, cylindric, entire, dilated at the tip ; fruit not seen.
WKaLaHaRi Recion: Transvaal; Banks of the Koomati River, Bolus, 9781!
Berea Hill near Barberton, 2800-3000 ft., Galpin, 732! Queen River Valley,
2000-2500 ft., Galpin, 625! near Barberton, 2900 ft., Thorncroft, 731 Waterval
River, Wilms, 1341, partly! 1341 a!
2. D. Kirkii (Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1912, 363); a scandent
undersbrub ; stems slender, sparingly pubescent, twining, 2-3 ft.
long; leaves short-petioled, firmly membranous, simple, deeply
3-partite with the lateral lobes usually unequally 2-fid ; lobes lanceo-
late, acute, their margin sharply serrate, base cordate, 1-1} in.
long, 14-2 in. wide, somewhat polished on both surfaces, promi-
nently reticulate beneath, very finely pubescent on the nerves ;
petiole sparingly pubescent, } in. long ; stipules lanceolate, spread-
ing, glabrous, 1} in. long; heads peduncled ; peduncles spa ingly
pubescent, 1-2 in. long; involucral bracts yellowish, ultimately
green, } in. long, 1 in. across, deep-cordate, shallowly 3-lobed, lobes
ovate, acute, their margin serrate ; male bracts entire; male calyx
finely puberulous, lobes ovate, acute ; female calyx-segments linear-
lanceolate, densely pinnately lacinulate on each side, lacinule
slender, glandular, scabrous; ovary puberulous; style columnar,
cylindric, dilated at the tip ; capsule shortly pubescent, } in. across ;
cocci subglobose ; seeds globose.
Katanari Recion: Transvaal ; Koomati Poort, Kirk, 60!
A distinct species, nearest to D. volubilis, E. Meyer, but with smaller leaves
lobed as in D. capensis, Spreng. f., with which it agrees as regards style,
Dalechampia. | EUPHORBIACB& (Prain). 499
3. D. volubilis (E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pf. Documente, 177) ;
«scandent undershrub ; stems slender, pubescent, twining, springing
from a woody base, 6-8 ft. long ; leaves distinctly petioled, firmly
membranous, simple, deeply 3-partite with occasionally a pair of much
smaller basal lobes superadded, lobes ovate, acute, their margin
shortly serrate, base deep-cordate, 24-34 in. long, 3-4 in. wide,
somewhat polished and very minutely pubescent on both surfaces ;
petiole pubescent or glabrous, 1-24 in. long; stipules lanceolate,
spreading, minutely pubescent, 2 in. long; heads peduncled ;
peduncles minutely pubescent, 1-3 in. long; involucral bracts
large, yellowish-green, 14 in. long, 14-1? in. wide, deep-cordate,
both rather shallowly 3-lobed; lobes acute, their margin finely
toothed ; male bracts entire; male calyx glabrous, lobes ovate,
acute; female calyx-segments linear-lanceolate, densely pinnately
lacinulate on each side, lacinule slender, glandular, scabrous ; ovary
puberulous ; style columnar, cylindric, entire, not dilated at the tip ;
capsule nearly glabrous, } in. across; cocci subglobose; seeds
globose. Baill. Btud. Gén. Euphorb. 487, and Adansonia, iii. 161.
D. capensis, Sond. in. Linnsea, xxiii. 106, partly and as to Gueinzius,
447, only; Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ti. 1243, partly and as to
syn, Meyer only ; not of Spreng. f. D. natalensis, Mill. Arg. in
DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1243.
Eastern Recion: Natal; Umlazi (Umlaas) River, Drége, 4603! Krauss, 811!
Berea, 150 ft., Wood, 565! 2428! 6186! near Durban, Gueinzius, 447! M‘Ken,
558! Gerrard, 702! Rehmann, 8806! Scott Elliot, 1698 !
A very distinct but apparently a quite local species.
4. D. capensis (Spreng. f. Tent. Suppl. ad Syst. Veg. 18); a
scandent undershrub ; stems slender, pubescent, twining, springing
from a woody base, 10-12 ft. long ; leaves distinctly petioled, thinly
membranous, simple, deeply 5-lobed with occasionally the external
pair of lobes suppressed, lobes obovate, acute, their margin rather
coarsely serrate, base cordate, 2—3 in. long, 3—4 in. wide, dull green,
pubescent above, pubescent or villous beneath ; petiole pubescent,
#2 in. long; stipules ovate-lanceolate, spreading, pubescent,
2-24 lin. long; heads peduncled ; peduncles pubescent, 1-3 in.
long ; involucral bracts large, yellowish-green, 1} in. long, 1}—1} in.
wide, shallow-cordate, deeply 3-lobed, sometimes the upper bract
5-lobed ; lobes ovate-lanceolate, acute, their margin distinctly and
closely toothed ; male bracts shortly lacinulate, each lobule glandular-
capitate ; male calyx glabrous, lobes ovate, acute ; female calyx-
segments narrow-lanceolate, densely pinnately lacinulate on each
side, lacinule slender, glandular, scabrous; ovary puberulous ;
style columnar, cylindric, lobulate and dilated at the tip; capsule
nearly glabrous, } in. across; cocci subglobose ; seeds globose.
Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 106, mainly ; Baill. Adansonia, iii. 161 ; Mill.
Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1243, mainly but excl. syn. E. Meyer ;
Wood, Natal Pl. t 515,
2x 2
500 EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). [ Dalechampia.
Coast Rearon: Port Elizabeth Div. ; Port Elizabeth, Miss West, 22! Uiten-
hage Div. ; near Uitenhage, Burchell, 4244! Zeyher, 3846! Enon, Zeyher! Drege!
Baur, 1044! Klein Place, Prior! Krakakamma, Zeyher, 1189! Tzamas, Schlechter,
2597! Alexandria Div. ; between Hoffmanns Kloof and Driefontein, Drége!
Bathurst Div. ; near Kaffir Drift, Burchell, 3862! between Kasuga River and
Port Alfred, Burchell, 3969! Theopolis, Bergius! Glenfilling, Drége, 2429!
Port Alfred, Mrs. Hutton, 557! Albany Div. ; near Grahamstown, Atherstone, 71!
Bolton! Miss Bowker! MacOwan, 438! and in Herb. Norm. Austr.-Afr, 511! Fort
Beaufort Div.; Fort Armstrong, Fraser! Peddie Div. ; Fredericksburg, (il!
King Williamstown Div.; near King Williamstown, Hutton, 96! Keiskamma,
Mrs. Hutton! East London Div. ; Cambridge, Miss Wormald, 34! Komgha Div. ;
Prospect Farm, 2100 ft., Flanagan, 433! British Kaffraria, Cooper, 341!
Katanart Recion: Bechuanaland; Mafeking, Herb. Marloth! Transvaal ;
Shiluvane, Junod, 539! 2381! Lydenberg, Wilms, 1341, partly! Warm Bath,
Burtt-Davy, 2316 | 5564! Moorddrift, Miss Leendertz, 2130 ! Crocodile River Drift,
Bolus, 9780! Concession Creek, 2600-3000 ft., Galpin, 889! Thorncroft, 320!
Middelburg, Adissner, 1328! Pretoria, Scott Elliot, 14241
Eastern Recion : Transkei ; Kentani, Miss Pegler, 268! Pondoland ; Kletter-
stroom, Bachmann, 768! 769! 770! Beyrich, 287! Natal; Colenso, Rehmann,
7146! Inchanga, Rehmann, 7922! Herb. Marloth, 4088! Inanda, Wood, 595!
Avoca, 200 ft., Schlechter, 3015! Dumisa, 1600 ft., Rudatis, 274! Mariannhill
Trappist Colony, Landauer, 233! Bellair, Wood, 11066 !
XXXVII. CTENOMERIA, Harv.
Flowers moneecious ; petals 0; disc 0. Male : Calya 5-lobed, val-
vate in bud. Stamens 30-60; filaments free, capillary ; anthers
dehiscing longitudinally. Rudimentary ovary 0. Female: Calyx
6-partite; segments pectinately lobulate on each side. Ovary
3-celled ; ovules solitary in each cell; styles 3, long, filiform, free,
densely papillose throughout. Capsule 3-coccous ; cocci 2-valved ;
valves crustaceous. Seeds globose, ecarunculate ; albumen fleshy ;
cotyledons broad, flat.
Twining herbs, pubescent or rarely nearly glabrous ; leaves alternate, cordate at
the base ; racemes terminal or leaf-opposed, with numerous male flowers bove
and 1—2 basal female flowers.
Distris. Two endemic species.
Leaves unlobed or slightly 3-lobed ; lobes acute... --» (1) cordata.
Leaves deeply 5-lobed ; lobes obtuse w+ eee (2) Schlechteri.
1, C. cordata (Harv. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. i. 29); stems
twining, 7-8 ft. long, branched, glabrous to densely pubescent,
especially upwards, and armed with stinging hairs; leaves long-
petioled, membranous, triangular-ovate, acute or shortly acuminate,
base rather wide-cordate, margin subentire to crenate or serrate,
often slightly (rarely rather deeply) 3-lobed with lobes acute oF
shortly acuminate, 11-3 in. long, 1-2} in. wide, glabrous to
pubescent above, sparingly to rather closely pubescent beneath ;
petiole 1-2 in. long, glabrous to pubescent; stipules lanceolate,
Ctenomeria. | EUPHORBIACE® (Prain). 501
reflexed, membranous ; racemes androgynous, terminal on branches
or leaf-opposed, 3-6 in. long ; peduncles naked, glabrous to pubescent,
up to | in. long, with many male flowers in rather remote 3-flowered
cymules or glomerules above and 1 (less often 2) basal female
flowers ; bracts lanceolate, acute ; male pedicels as long as the calyx,
female pedicels longer; male calyx 5-sect; lobes ovate, acute,
puberulous or pubescent outside; stamens 40-60; anthers longer
than filaments, introrse ; female calyx 6-partite ; lobes pectinately
6—8-lacinulate on each side, rhachis lanceolate, somewhat accrescent
and indurated in fruit, at length } in. long; ovary setose ; styles 3,
free, } in. long, densely papillose ; capsule 3-coccous, } in, across ;
cocci subglobose, sparingly to copiously setose and bristly ; seeds
globose, closely reticulate. Baill. Adansonia, iii. 161. CO. kraussiana,
Hochst. ea Krauss, in Flora, 1845, 85; Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 110 ;
Baill. lc. OC. capensis, Harv. ex Sond. l.c. 109; Prain in Journ.
Bot. 1913, 171. Tragia capensis, Thunb. Prodr. 14, and in Fl. Cap.
ed. Schult. 37; E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pf. Documente, 226, Galge-
bosch plant only. Leptorhachis capensis, Mill. Arg., and L. capensis,
forma luxurians, Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr xv. ii. 926.
Coast Reeton : George Div. ; near George, Mund & Maire, 245! Knysna Div. ;
woods of Knysna and Plettenbergs Bay, Bowie! between Keurbooms River and
Bitou River, Burchell, 5292! Bosch River, Drége, 8239! Humansdorp Div. ; near
Humansdorp, 200 ft., Kennedy! MacOwan, 314 ! Uitenhage Div.; near Uitenhage,
Thunberg! Zeyher, 676! 3845! by the Coega River and in the Winterhoek
Mountains, Ecklon & Zeyher, 71! Galgebosch, Drége! Kleine Place, Prior!
Albany Div.; Howisons Poort, near Grahamstown, Mrs. Hutton! Mrs. Barber,
113 ! Williamson ! Komgha Div. ; near the mouth of the Kei River, Flanagan, 451!
Katanarr Reaton: Transvaal ; Umvoti Creek, near Barberton, 3000 ft., Galpin,
1002 !
Eastern Region: Transkei; Kentani, 1000 ft., Miss Pegler, 287 ! Natal ;
near Durban, Gueinzius | Gerrard, 310! 604, partly ! Rehmann, 8807 ! Clairmont,
Schlechter, 2843! Berea, 200-300 ft., Wood, 6335! Inanda, Wood, 707! 801!
Dumisa, 2060 ft., Rudatis, 799! near Umlaas River, Krauss, 186!
Somewhat variable as regards the degree of pubescence which is copious in the’
original Tragia capensis (Cl capensis, Harv.) but almost absent in C. cordata,
Harv. The two are, however, connected by so many intermediates that it is not
possible to separate them as distinct varieties.
2. C. Schlechteri (Prain in Journ. Bot. 1913, 171) ; stems twining,
2-3 ft. long, sparingly branched, pubescent with spreading hairs ;
leaves long-petioled, membranous, palmately 5-lobed, central and
lateral lobes oblong, basal lobes suborbicular, lobes obtuse or sub-
acute, their margin coarsely and distantly crenate or serrate, base
wide-cordate, lamina 2 in. long, as much across, central lobe 1-1} in.
long, 4~1 in. wide, lateral one-half as long, basal short, pale green,
Sparingly beset with white bristles above, densely bristly especially
‘on the nerves beneath; petiole 1}-1} in. long, pubescent with
Spreading hairs ; stipules lanceolate, reflexed, membranous ; racemes
androgynous, terminal on the branches or leaf-opposed, 9-4 in. long,
on naked patently pubescent peduncles 1} in. long or longer, with
a few 3-flowered cymules of male flowers above, and usually 2 basal
502 EUPHORBIACE/ (Prain). [ Ctenomeria.
female flowers ; bracts lanceolate, acute ; pedicels in both sexes long,
patently hirsute; male calyx 5-sect; lobes ovate, acute, rather
densely setose outside ; stamens 30-40; anthers longer than the
filaments, introrse; female calyx 6-partite ; lobes pectinately 4- 6-
lacinulate on each side, rhachis lanceolate, somewhat accrescent,
at length Lin. long, not indurated ; ovary densely setose ; styles 3,
4 in. long, densely papillose ; capsule 3-coccous, 4 in. across ; cocel
subglobose, closely adpressed setose and bristly. Tragia Schlechtert,
Pax in Bull. Herb. Boiss, vi. 735.
Eastern Region: Natal ; Umkomanzi River, 3000 ft., Schlechter, 6701 !
Nearly allied to and perhaps only an extreme form of C’. cordata, Harv.
<<
XXXVIII. TRAGIA, Linn.
Flowers monecious, rarely dicecious ; petals 0; disc 0 or obscure.
Male : Calyx closed in bud, splitting into 3, rarely 4-6, valvate lobes.
Stamens normally 3, very rarely fewer or more ; filaments free ;
anthers 2-celled; cells parallel, dehiscing longitudinally. Rudi-
mentary ovary minute or obsolete. Female: Calyx 6-partite ; lobes
more or less 2-seriately imbricate, palmately lobulate, occasionally
lobes 4-5, usually accrescent and indurated in fruit. Ovary 3-celled ;
ovules solitary in each cell ; styles 3, more or less distinctly connate
at least at the base, entire. Capsule 3-dymous, breaking up into $
2-valved cocci. Seeds globose, ecarunculate; testa crustaceous +
albumen fleshy ; cotyledons broad, flat.
Herbs, twining or suberect, usually rather copiously beset with stinging hairs
on the stem, leaves and calyx ; leaves alternate, stipulate ; racemes leaf-opp¢
or terminal with many male flowers above and usually few basal female flowers ;
_ bracts small, persistent.
Distr. Species about 100, spread throughout the warmer regions of both
hemispheres.
Male flowers in glomerules or cymules to each bract ; racemes
1-sexual :
Stems short, erect ; leaves sessile .., oes ve .. (1) Rogersii.
Stems long, twining ; leaves long-petioled des ... (2) Sonderi.
Male flowers solitary to each bract; racemes usually
2-sexual :
Female calyx regularly 6-partite :
Stems short, erect or ascending, not twining :
Petiole 0; leaves deeply laciniately lobed ... ... (3) ineisifolia.
_ Petiole 4-1 in. long ; leaves shortly serrate... ... (4) minor.
Stems long, twining ; petiole 1 in. long or longer:
Female calyx-segments 2-8-lobulate on each side ... (5) Okanyua.
Female calyx-segments 8—10-lobulate on each side... (6) natalensis.
Female calyx normally 3-partite but often with 1 (rarely
more than 1) smaller irregular segment added : :
Leaves obtuse, subsessile, $ in. long or less... ... (7) collina.
Tragia.| EUPHORBIACES (Prain). 503
Leaves acute, petioled, 1 in. long or longer :
Stems erect or ascending, not twining :
Leaves lanceolate, with two large rounded basal
lobes ; racemes sometimes l-sexual ... ... (8) dioica,
Leaves triangular-ovate, not lobed bi ... (9) meyeriana,
Stems twining, at least towards the top :
Lobules of female calyx-segments as long as the
width of the central rhachis :
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, usually somewhat 3-
lobate ois mi ea wee --- (10) rupestris.
Leaves triangular-ovate ... Sie es ... (11) wahlbergiana.
Lobules of female calyx-segments shorter than
the width of the central rhachis ; leaves
triangular-ovate, rarely 3-lobate ee ... (12) durbanensis,
1. T. Rogersii (Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1912, 238) ; a herb with
woody base; stems erect, tufted, simple or sparingly branched,
8-10 in. high, laxly softly pubescent without stinging hairs ;
leaves sessile, membranous, ascending, ovate-lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate, acute, base truncate or rounded, margin minutely and
closely serrate except at the entire base, 11-24 in. long, }—} in. wide,
sparingly pubescent above, more densely pubescent beneath espe-
cially on the nerves ; stipules linear-lanceolate, spreading, mem-
branous, | lin. long, their margin ciliolate ; racemes terminal or
leaf-opposed, 1-sexual and dicecious, male from 2-6 in. long; flowers
very many, in 3-flowered clusters above, in 3-flowered cymules
below ; bracts and bracteoles linear-lanceolate, their margin pilose ;
pedicels pubescent, shorter than the bracteoles ; male calyx usually
3-partite, but sometimes 4—5- (very rarely 6-) partite ; lobes ovate
or ovate-lanceolate, acute, sparingly puberulous within, pubescent
outside ; stamens 3, filaments longer than the anthers, rather wide-
based, incurved above; anthers subconnivent; female racemes
3—4-flowered ; pedicels solitary to their bracts ; female calyx 6-par-
tite, lobes rather wide-oblong, 5—6-lobulate on each side, the lobules
all ascending, narrow-lanceolate, rhachis accrescent and coriaceous,
densely pilose externally, glabrous within, in fruit 24 in. long;
ovary densely setose ; styles 3, setose throughout and free almost to
the base ; capsule 3-coccous, } in. across ; cocci rather closely setose,
subglobose ; seeds globose. _
Katauari ReGion: Transvaal ; Waterval Onder, Rogers, 2597! near Barberton,
3000 ft., Thorneroft, 624! 625!
A very distinct species.
2. T. Sonderi (Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1912, 337); a herb with
woody base ; stems below erect and rigid, above twining, 3 ft. long,
sparingly branched, finely pubescent and armed with stinging
bristles ; leaves long-petioled, membranous, triangular-ovate, acute,
base cordate, margin strongly and rather coarsely serrate or
duplicate-serrate, 14-3 in. long, 1-2} in. wide, uniformly sparingly
,
504. EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). [ Tragia.
pubescent throughout, and setose or bristly on the nerves on both
surfaces ; petiole minutely puberulous and sparingly bristly, 1-2) in.
long ; stipules lanceolate, reflexed, glabrous, } in. long; racemes
lateral, leaf-opposed, l-sexual, male 3-4 in. long, with numerous
flowers in 3-flowered cymules below, above with flowers solitary to
their bracts but with the bracteoles upraised on the pedicel ;
peduncle and rhachis finely pubescent; male bracts linear-lanceolate,
14 lin. long, reflexed ; male calyx 5-partite ; lobes ovate, apiculate ;
stamens 3 ; anthers subincurved ; female flowers and fruit not seen.
Katanart Reoron: Transvaal; Magaliesberg Range, Zeyher! Burke! Swazi-
land ; in the High Veld at Dalriach near Mbabane, 4400 ft., Bolus, 12290!
Apparently most nearly allied to 7. Dinteri, Pax, of German South-West
Africa.
3. T. incisifolia (Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1912, 237) ; a herb with
woody base ; stems erect, ascending or prostrate, simple or virgately
branched, 4-6 in. long, occasionally sparingly bristly, usually only
puberulous or pubescent ; leaves sessile or nearly so, membranous,
narrow-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, base cuneate, margin deeply
laciniately lobed, lobes ovate-lanceolate, about 4 on each side, pointing
forward, 4—2 in. long, 1—} in. wide, sparingly setose on the nerves
above, more densely so beneath and with a solitary terminal seta at
the tip of each marginal lobe ; stipules lanceolate, reflexed, glabrous,
1 lin, long ; racemes terminal ; peduncle and rhachis puberulous or
pubescent and bristly, with numerous rather densely arranged male
flowers solitary to their bracts above and 2-3 basal female flowers ;
bracts ovate-lanceolate, entire, male 1 lin. long, female 14 lin. long;
their margin setose ; pedicels in both sexes solitary, very short ; male
calyx usually 4-partite, occasionally 5-partite ; lobes induplicate-
valvate, ovate, acute ; stamens 4—5, rarely 3 ; filaments longer than
the anthers; female calyx 6-partite ; lobes alternately wide-ovate
and ovate-lanceolate, the wider 4—5-lobulate, the narrower 3-4-
lobulate on each side, accrescent and subcoriaceous, setose on the
back, glabrous within, each lobule tipped by a solitary seta; ovary
densely hispid ; styles 3, free nearly to the base ; capsule 3-coccous,
over } in. across ; cocci subglobose, sparingly setose ; seeds globose.
Karanart Region: Transvaal; between Koomati River Drift and Crocodile
liver, Bolus, 9779! Koomati Poort, on hills at about 300 ft., Schlechter, 11781 !
4. T. minor (Sond. in Linnea, xxiii, 108); a herb with woody
base ; stems slender, rather rigid, erect, sparingly branched, hispidly
hairy, 6-12 in. high; leaves short-petioled, membranous, oblong-
lanceolate to lanceolate, acute, base very shallow-cordate, margin
closely serrate, 1} in. long, ? in. wide, hispid and sparingly bristly
especially on the nerves on both surfaces; petiole rather densely
hispid, 4-4 in. long ; stipules spreading, lanceolate, sparingly hispid,
1} din, long; racemes terminal, with many close-set male flowers
solitary to their bracts above and 1—2 basal female flowers ; pedun-
cle and rhachis hispid ; male bracts lanceolate, pilose, | lin. long ;
Tragia:| EUPHORBIACE (Prain). 505
female bracts ovate-lanceolate, entire, pilose, 2 lin, long ; male calyx
3-partite ; lobes lanceolate, acute, nearly glabrous ; stamens 3, rather
wide-based, incurved above ; female calyx 6-partite ; lobes 2-seriate,
unequal, 3 wide-oblong, 3 ovate-lanceolate, pinnately 6-lobulate on
each side, hispid externally, glabrous within, lobules shorter than
the width of the accrescent indurated rhachis, in fruit } in. long ;
ovary hispid and sparingly setose ; styles 3, connate below in a dis-
tinct column, free above; capsule 3-coccous, } in. across; cocci
sparingly setose, subglobose ; seeds globose. Baill. Adansonia, iii. 162.
L. rupestris, y minor, Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ti. 940, partly ; as
to Zeyher, 1524, only.
Var. 8, longifolia (Prain) ; leaves rather narrow-lanceolate, 13-2 in. long, $ in.
wide, otherwise as in the type.
Katanart Recron: Transvaal ; Magalies River, Burke! Zeyher, 1524! Pre-
toria Dist.,’ Pretoria, Crawley, 4144! Aapies Poort, Rehmann, 4121, partly!
Wonderboompoort, Rehmann, 4555! Pinedene near Irene, Burtt-Davy, 2315!
Crocodile River, Wilms, 1325! Var. 8: Swaziland; Bremmersdorp, 2200 ft.,
Burtt-Davy, 3004!
5. T. Okanyua (Pax in Bull. Herb. Boiss. vi. 735); a herb with
woody base ; stems twining, 1—6 ft. high, much branched, pubescent
and armed with stinging bristles; leaves distinctly petioled, mem-
branous, ovate, auriculate-subcordate and usually almost 3-lobate,
central lobe generally elongated, acute, basal lobes rounded, some-
times triangular-ovate, with a shallow lateral sinus, base cordate,
margin crenate-serrate, 14-24 in. long, 11-1} in. wide at the base,
hispid or puberulous and sparingly bristly especially on the nerves
of both surfaces ; petiole 1 in. long, pubescent and sparingly bristly ;
stipules broadly lanceolate, spreading, pubescent and bristly, 1} lin.
long; racemes lateral, leaf-opposed, peduncled, 1-2 in. long;
peduncle hispid and sparingly bristly, with many male flowers
above and usually 2 basal female flowers; male bracts ovate-
lanceolate, entire, about 1 lin. long, finely hispid; female bracts
2-3-lobed, ovate, 14-2 lin. long, hispid; pedicels in both sexes
solitary to and shorter than their bracts; male calyx 3-partite;
lobes ovate, obtuse ; stamens 3 ; filaments longer than the anthers ;
female calyx 6-partite, 2-seriate ; lobes pinnately 2—3-lacinulate on
each side, rhachis accrescent, indurated in fruit, at length } in. long,
of one series obovate, of the other series rather narrow-lanceolate ;
ovary hispid above ; styles 3, united more than half-way ina distinct
basa] column, free above; capsule 3-coccous, } in. across ; cocci sub-
globose, nearly glabrous ; seeds globose. Prain in Dyer, Fl. Trop.
Afr, vi. i. 986. T. angustifolia, Pax in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 239,
partly, and in Baum, Kunene-Samb. Exped. 283 ; not of Benth. T. cor-
difolia, N. BE. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1909, 141; not of Vahl, nor of
Benth. T. madandensis, S. Moore in Journ. Linn, Soc. xl. 203.
Katanart Reaion : Transvaal ; slopes of Masetane, Junod, 1051!
Also widely spread in southern Tropical Africa.
506 EUPHORBIACES (Prain). [ Tragia.
6. T. natalensis (Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 107); a herb with
woody base ; stems twining, 6—10 ft. long, much branched, sparingly
pubescent with somewhat reflexed hairs and armed with stinging
bristles ; leaves long-petioled, membranous, ovate or ovate-oblong,
acuminate, base rounded or shallow-cordate, margin closely and
sharply serrate, 2—4 in. long, 1-2 in. wide, uniformly and sparingly
pubescent throughout and bristly on the nerves on both surfaces ;
petiole patently pubescent and bristly, 1-3 in. long ; stipules linear-
lanceolate, 4} in. long, reflexed, pubescent; racemes lateral,
peduneled, 14 in. long ; peduncle pubescent and sparingly bristly,
with many male flowers above and 1-2 basal female flowers ; male
bracts lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate or subspathulate, acute, entire
or the lowest sometimes dentate ; female bracts large, subreniform
or suborbicular, their margin dentate ; pedicels in both sexes shorter
than and solitary to the bracts; male calyx 3-partite ; lobes ovate,
obtuse ; stamens 3 ; filaments as long as the anthers ; female calyx
6-partite; lobes pinnately 8-10-lacinulate on each side, rhachis
lanceolate, indurated in fruit, at length } in. long; ovary hispid ;
styles 3, united almost to the apex in a slender narrow-infundibuli-
form tube, the short triangular reflexed stigmas alone free ; capsule
3-coccous, } in. across; cocci subglobose, hispid; seeds globose.
Baill. Adansonia, iii. 162; Miill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 942 ;
Prain in Dyer, Fl. Trop, Afr. vi.i. 974. T. involucrata, Jacq. &%
E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 226 ; Baill. Etud. Gen.
Euphorb. 461; not of Linn. T. mitis, y oblongifolia, Mill. Arg. ™
Flora, 1864, 435, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 942. T. ambigua,
S. Moore, and T. ambigua, var. urticans, S. Moore in Journ. Linn. Soc.
Bot. xl. 202.
Eastern Recion: Transkei ; Kentani, Manubie, 1000 ft., Miss Pegler, 1257!
Pondoland ; near St. Johns River, Drége! Port St. John, 50 ft., Galpin, 3462!
Natal ; Inanda, Wood, 741! Ingoma, Gerrard, 1164! and without precise locality,
Gueinzius, 496! Gerrard, 28!
Also in East Tropical Africa.
7. T. collina (Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1912, 335); a herb with
woody base ; stems erect or ascending, simple or sparingly branched,
never twining, 4-6 in. high, sparingly to rather copiously pubescent
and sparingly armed with stinging hairs ; leaves subsessile, mem-
branous, oblong, obtuse, base wide-cuneate or truncate, margin
sparingly toothed except at the entire base, lateral teeth small,
sometimes obsolete, the rounded apex rather strongly 3-5-toothed,
3-3 in. long, 4-4 in. wide, sparingly hirsute and bristly on the
nerves on both surfaces: petiole 1 lin. long or less, hirsute and
bristly ; stipules spreading, lanceolate, hirsute, 1} lin. long;
racemes leaf-opposed and subterminal, with many male flowers
solitary to their bracts above and 1-3 basal female flowers;
peduncle and rhachis closely pubescent and sparingly bristly ; male
bracts lanceolate, entire, nearly glabrous, 14 lin. long ; female bracts
lanceolate, entire, 2 lin. long; male calyx 3-partite ; lobes ovate,
Tragic. | EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). 507
apiculate, puberulous externally ; stamens 3; filaments rather longer
than the anthers, erect, thickened below ; female calyx 3-partite,.
lobes suborbicular, pinnately 5—6-lobulate on each side, pubescent
externally, glabrous within, lobules lanceolate, as long as the width
of the accrescent indurated rhachis, in fruit } in. long ; ovary
densely setose ; styles 3, connate for half their length in a glabrous
column, free and recurved above ; capsule 3-coccous, 3 in. across ;
cocci sparingly setose, slightly angled on the back ; seeds globose.
_Eastern Reeion: Natal; near Colenso, 4500 ft., Schlechter, 3381! near
Pieters, 3000-4000 ft., Wood, 8881 !
A very distinct species.
8. T. dioica (Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 109); a herb with woody
base ; stems slender, erect or ascending, not twining, sparingly
branched or simple, 8—12 in. high, closely pubescent and sometimes
densely, sometimes very sparingly, armed with stinging bristles ;
leaves short-petioled, membranous, auriculate-subcordate and dis-
tinctly 3-lobate, central lobe lanceolate, acute or acuminate, shortly
serrate, lateral lobes rounded-oblong, deeply and coarsely toothed,
1$-24 in. long, 3-1} in. wide at the base, pubescent on both surfaces
and densely to sparingly bristly especially on the nerves and prin-
cipally beneath; petiole 1—} in. long, pubescent and densely to
sparingly bristly ; stipules lanceolate, sparingly pubescent, spread-
ing or reflexed, 2 lin. long; racemes terminal or lateral, leaf-
opposed, usually with many male flowers above and 1-2 basal
female flowers, rarely dicecious with in female plants several
female flowers ; peduncle densely pubescent and densely or
sparingly bristly; male bracts lanceolate, 1 lin. long, pubescent ;
female bracts ovate, acute, entire, pubescent and bristly ; pedicels
in both sexes solitary to and shorter than their bracts ; male calyx
3-partite, lobes ovate, obtuse or subacute, glabrous; stamens 3 ;
filaments dilated below, erect, longer than the anthers ; female calyx
3-partite, but with at least 1, usually 2-3, sometimes 4 smaller
additional lobes, the 3 main-lobes orbicular or oblong, pectinately
4—6-lobulate on each side, lobules lanceolate, bristly, rhachis accres-
cent and much indurated, at length } in. long, } in. wide, additional
lobes when present very variable, sometimes many-lobulate, some-
times reduced to a single lanceolate lobule ; ovary densely hispid ;
styles 3, connate for half their length in a glabrous column, free and
recurved above ; capsule 3-coccous, 3 in. across ; cocci subglobose,
hispid ; seeds globose. Baill. Adansonia, iii. 162 ; Prain in Dyer,
Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 993. 7’. rupestris, 8 lobata, Miill. Arg. in DC.
Prodr, xv. ii. 941. TT. Schinzii, Pax in Bull. Herb. Boiss. vi. 734.
Katanart Rearon: Bechuanaland; Maadji Mountain, Burchell, 2366! slopes
of Messeringa Vlei, Seiner, II. 284 ! Mafeking, Duparquet, 13! Transvaal ; Macalis-
berg Range, Burke, 106! Zeyher, 1523! Boshveld, Elands River and wg
Rehmann, 4979, partly! between Elands River and Klippan, Rehmann, 5097!
_ Pienaars River, Rooiplat, Miss Leendertz, 764! Potgieters Rust, Miss Leendertz,
_ 14821 Moorddrift, Miss Leendertz, 2165!
508 EUPHORBIACE” (Prain). | Tragia.
Also in German South-West Africa and in Rhodesia.
A very well-marked species, most nearly allied to 7. rupestris, Sond., of which
it has by Miiller been treated as a variety, but better looked upon as distinct.
Some of Burke’s and Zeyher’s original specimens are dioecious as described by
Sonder; usually, however, the racemes have both male and female flowers.
Within the species two very distinct forms occur ; in one, represented by Burke,
106, Zeyher, 1523, Leendertz, 1482 and 2165, the stems are densely hispid ; in
the other the stems are only sparingly hispid. The two, however, do not other-
wise differ and are hardly entitled to be treated as distinct varieties. The
hispid form is that originally described as 7’. dioica, Sond., the less hispid form
is that originally described as 7’. Schinzii, Pax.
9. T. meyeriana (Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 938 as to
Gueinzius’ plant and excl. var. B glabrata); a herb with woody
base ; stems erect or ascending, simple or branched, never twining,
8-16 in. high, pubescent and copiously armed with stinging bristles;
leaves long-petioled, membranous, triangular-ovate, acute, base rather
deeply and usually widely cordate, margin closely and strongly
toothed, 14-2} in. long, 11-2 in. wide, above rather sparingly beset
with stinging bristles, more densely bristly (especially on the nerves)
beneath, very rarely almost glabrous ; petiole rather densely bristly,
2-1 in. long ; stipules spreading, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate,
bristly, 2-2} lin. long; racemes terminal or leaf-opposed and sub-
terminal, with many male flowers solitary to their bracts above and
1-3 basal female flowers ; peduncle and rhachis densely setose and
bristly ; male bracts ovate-lanceolate, entire, setose and bristly,
2 lin. long; female bracts ovate-lanceolate, with margin usually
minutely toothed, bristly, 3 lin. long; male calyx 3-partite, very
large for the genus; lobes ovate, acute, nearly glabrous ; stamens
3, rarely 4—5 ; filaments longer than the anthers, incurved above ;
anthers subconnivent ; female calyx 3-partite, with occasionally @
fourth smaller lobe added ; lobes wide-oblong or suborbicular, palm-
ately 6—8-lobulate on each side, much shorter than the width of the
Coast Region: East London Div. ; East London, Wood in Herb. Galpin, 3217!
near the mouth of the Kintza River, 50 ft., Galpin, 6558 ! Komgha Div. ; Prospect
Farm, Komgha, Flanagan, 358! near Komgha, 2000 ft., Flanagan, 754!
Eastern Recion : Transkei ; Kentani, 1000 ft., Miss Pegler, 186! Tembuland ;
Bazeia, Klipkrantz, 2000 ft., Bawr, 458! near the Quinancu River, 2900 ft.,
Bolus, 10286! Griqualand East ; Insiswa Range, Schlechter! Clydesdale, 2500 ft.,
Tyson, 1060! and in MacOwan & Bolus, Herb. Austr.-Afr. 1233! Natal ; neat
irban, Gueinzius | Sanderson, 302 Estcourt, 4000 ft., Marshall! Inanda, Wood,
_ 416! Drakensberg, Tugela River, Colenso, Rehmann, 7167! Lancaster Hill,
_Vryheid, Burtt-Davy, 11449! Krantz Kloof, 1500 ft., Schlechter, 3204! near
Ladysmith, 3500 ft., Wood, 7570! Weenen, 3000-5000 ft., Sutherland !
‘This very distinct species is most nearly allied to 7. durbanensis, 0. Kuntze,
from which it is most readily distinguished by its erect instead of climbing habit.
‘The name 7. meyeriana, which must be used instead of the name 7.
Tragia. | EUPHORBIACEA (Prain). 509
proposed by Kuntze, is by no means appropriate for this erect plant of which Drige
does not appear to have gathered or Meyer to have distributed specimens. It is
true that in some herbaria there are specimens belonging to ‘ Drége 4605’ written
up by Miiller as 7, meyeriana, But these specimens do not represent the erect
Species collected, by Gueinzius and described by Miiller ; they represent the more
hispid form of the climbing species described by Miiller as 7. meyeriana, B glabrata,
afterwards described by Kuntze as 7, durbanensis,
10. T. rupestris (Sond. in Linnea, xxiii, 108); a herb with
woody base ; stems slender, 2-3 ft. long, erect and much virgately
branched below, twining upwards, pubescent and sparingly armed
with stinging bristles ; leaves distinctly petioled, membranous, ovate-
lanceolate, often auriculate-cordate and sometimes almost 3-lobate,
acuminate, base distinctly cordate, margin closely toothed, 14—2 in.
long, 3-14 in, wide, hirsute throughout on both surfaces and rather
densely clothed with stinging bristles on the nerves; petiole
pubescent and sparingly bristly, }-1} in. long; stipules lanceolate,
reflexed, 14-2 lin. long, pubescent ; racemes leaf-opposed, peduncled,
with many male flowers and 1-2 basal female flowers ; peduncle and
rhachis densely pubescent and sparingly bristly; male bracts
_ lanceolate, their margin entire, pubescent, 1 lin. long ; female bracts
ovate, acute, their margin toothed, 2 lin. long; pedicels in both
sexes short, pubescent, solitary to their bracts ; male calyx 3-partite ;
lobes orbicular, obtuse, sparingly pubescent ; stamens 3 ; filaments
hardly longer than the anthers, incurved ; female calyx usually
3-partite with often a fourth smaller lobe added; lobes oblong,
palmately 4—5-lobulate on each side ; lobules lanceolate, shorter than
the width of the accrescent coriaceous rhachis, } in. long; ovary
densely setose ; styles 3, connate for half their length or more in a
distinct column ; capsule 3-coccous, } in. across; cocci subglobose,
rather densely setose; seeds globose. Baill. Adansonia, iii. 162 ;
Miill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 940.
Katanart Recion; Transvaal ; Mooi River, Zeyher, 1525! Burke! Wonder-
boom Poort, Rehmann, 4548! Miss Leendertz, 444! Burtt-Davy, 8058! Aapies
Poort, Rehmann, 4121, partly ! hills above Aapies River, Rehmann, 4282! Pretoria
Hills, 4500 ft., Miss Leendertz, 531! Potgieters Rust, Miss Leendertz, 1234!
Boshveld, Elands River and Drift, Rehmann, 4979, partly! Rustenburg, 4500 ft.,
Miss Nation, 74! without precise locality, Wahlberg ! Rogers, 1322!
11. T. wahlbergiana (Prain in Journ. Bot. 1913, 169, in obs.) ; a
herb with woody base ; stems slender, prostrate or twining, 2-5 ft.
long, much branched ; branches slender, puberulous and sparingly
armed with stinging bristles ; leaves short-petioled, membranous,
triangular-ovate, acute, base rather shallow-cordate, margin closely
toothed, 1-1} in. long, }~3 in. wide, with a few stinging bristles on
the nerves on both surfaces, otherwise glabrous ; petiole puberulous
and sparingly bristly, } in. long; stipules lanceolate, reflexed,
1-1} lin. long, glabrous ; racemes terminal on the branches or leaf-
opposed, peduncled, with many male flowers above and 1-2 basal
female flowers ; peduncle and rhachis puberulous and very sparingly
510 EUPHORBIACE (Prain). [ Tragia.
bristly ; male bracts lanceolate, their margin entire, finely puberulous,
1 lin. long; female bracts ovate, acute, their margin toothed,
14-2 lin. long ; pedicels in both sexes very short, puberulous, soli-
tary to their bracts; male calyx 3-partite ; lobes ovate, acute,
glabrous ; stamens 3; filaments hardly longer than the anthers,
incurved ; female calyx usually 3-partite, with occasionally a fourth
smaller lobe added ; lobes suborbicular, palmately 4—5-lobulate on
each side; lobules lanceolate, about as long as the diameter of the
somewhat accrescent subcoriaceous rhachis, } in. long; ovary
densely setose ; styles 3, very shortly connate at the base ; capsule
3-coccous, } in. across; cocci almost glabrous, subglobose ; seeds
globose, grey with bright brown blotches. 7. rupestris, B glabrata,
Sond. in Linnzea, xxiii. 108 ; Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr, xv. ii. 940.
T. rupestris, y minor, Miill. Arg. l.c., partly; as to Wahlberg's speci-
men only and excl. syn. T. minor, Sond. T. affinis, Mill. Arg. ex
Prain in Kew Bulletin, 1912, 334 ; not of Robinson & Greenman.
Katanart Reaion: Transvaal; Vaal River, Zeyher, 1526! Burke! Crocodile
River, Burke! and without precise locality, Wahlberg !
Closely allied to 7’. rupestris, Sond., and treated by Sonder and Miiller as only
varietally distinct from that species, but easily recognised by its almost glabrous
leaves with much shorter petioles and by its smaller fruits. The leaves in 7.
wahlbergiana are not auriculate-cordate as is usually the case with 7’. rupestris.
More closely allied still to 7. durbanensis, O. Kuntze, but distinguishable by its
more deeply lobulate female calyx-segments.
stipules spreading, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, 14—2 lin.
long ; racemes terminal on the branches or leaf-opposed on the stem,
with many male flowers solitary to their bracts above and 1-2 basal
female flowers ; peduncle and rhachis finely puberulous with some-
times a few long bristles; male bracts ovate-lanceolate, entire,
glabrous or nearly so, 1 lin. long; female bracts ovate-lanceolate,
entire, glabrous, 2 lin. long ; male calyx 3-partite ; lobes ovate, acute,
glabrous ; stamens 3 ; filaments longer than the anthers, incurved ;
female calyx 3-partite ; lobes suborbicular, palmately 5—6-lobulate
on each side, pubescent externally, glabrous within ; lobules much
shorter than the width of the accrescent indurated rhachis, in fruit
} in. long ; ovary puberulous and setose; styles 3, connate below in
_ a short column, free above ; capsule 3-coccous, + in. across ; cocel
almost glabrous, subglobose ; seeds globose. 1’. capensis, E. Meyer
in Drége, Zwei Pf. Documente 226, mainly but excl. the Galgebosch
plant ; Sond. in Linnea, xxiii, 110; Baill, Btud. Gén. Euphorb. 461,
Tragia. | EUPHORBIACE# (Prain). 511
and Adansonia, iii. 162; not of Thunb. 7. capensis, B, E. Meyer,
le. 226. TT. meyeriana, Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 938, as to
the Drége specimen only. T. meyeriana, B glabrata, Miill. Arg. Le.
: Coast Rearon : East London Diy. ; East London, 50 ft., Bolus! Albany Div. ;
Q Howisons Poort, Williamson! Bathurst Div.; near the sea, Mrs. Barber, 496!
4 Komgha Div. ; near the mouth of the Kei River, Flanagan, 437 !
EasTERN Recron : Pondoland ; near the mouth of the Umsikaba River, Drege!
Egosa Forest, Beyrich, 10! and without precise locality, Bachmann, 776! Natal ;
near Durban, Drége, 4605! Sanderson, 366! Kuntze! Wilms, 2273! Schlechter,
2773! Rehmann, 8805, partly! Wood, 2802! 6343! Umkomaas, #ngler, 2571 a!
Between the Rivers Umzimkulu and Umkomanzi, Dréye! Shafton, Howick, Mrs.
Hutton, 12! Higher Tugela, Gerrard, 1165! without precise locality, Gerrard,
5221 Delagoa Bay; Lourenco Marques, Mrs. Howard, 71! Forbes, 47! Junod,
198 |
Very nearly related to 7’. meyeriana, Miill. Arg., with which it has been united
by Miiller, but readily distinguished by being scandent and in having male flowers
which are less than half the size. As 7’. capensis, Thunb., is not a Tragia, the
name 7’, capensis, E. Meyer, associated by Miiller with this plant as a synonym
and employed, though without description, by Meyer, Sonder and Baillon in
previous publications, might be used to designate this species. It seems, however,
less ambiguous to employ the name suggested by Kuntze to whom we are indebted
for the first intelligible account of this species and of its ally.
XXXIX. MAPROUNEA, Aubl.
Flowers moncecious ; petals 0; disc 0. Male: Calyx shortly
2-3-lobed, slightly imbricate in bud. Stamens 1-3, usually 2,
exserted ; filaments united below, free above ; anthers oblong ; cells
parallel, dehiscing longitudinally. Rudimentary ovary 0. Female:
Calyx 3-lobed. Ovary 3-celled ; ovules solitary in each cell; styles
connate in a short column below, above free, entire. Capsule sub-
globose or slightly trigonous, 3-coccous; cocci 2-valved. Seeds
obovoid, with a large fleshy caruncle ; albumen fleshy ; cotyledons
broad, flat.
Trees or shrubs, everywhere glabrous ; leaves alternate ; spikes with many male
flowers in a dense-ovoid or subglobose head terminating specialised contracted
twigs, with usually 1-3 pedicelled female flowers at the base ; male bracts small,
imbricate, glandular at the base on each side, each 3-5-flowered ; female bracts
1-flowered.
Disrris. Species about five, two American and three in Tropical Africa ; one
of the latter extending to the south of the tropic.
1, M. africana (Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii 1191, partly
and as to fruit only) ; a tree, 15-30 ft. high, everywhere glabrous ;
ultimate twigs passing into the inflorescence, up to } in. long;
leaves short-petioled, papery and at length somewhat coriaceous,
oblong or ovate-oblong, bluntly acute or acuminate, sometimes
rounded cuspidate or rounded obtuse, base rounded, margin entire,
1)-2} in, long, 3-11 in. wide, dark shining green above, pale green
512 EUPHORBIACE# (Prain). [ Maprownea.
beneath, distinctly reticulate ; petiole }—3 in. long, slender ; stipules
small, triangular ; spikes usually 2-sexual, male portion oblong or
ovoid, rarely subglobose, }—) in. long, dense-flowered ; female
flowers 1-3, basal, long-pedicelled ; pedicels in fruit up to 1} in.
long; male bracts narrow-lanceolate, acuminate from a broad base,
each 3-flowered and each with two 2—3-partite basal glands ; bracts
and flowers yellowish ; male calyx irregularly 2—3-lobed ; stamens
2-3, exserted; ovary oblong; capsule brown, slightly 3-sulcate,
1-2 in. across; seeds black, subglobose, smooth, 4—} in. long,
caruncle under } the size of body of seed. Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl.
Welw. i. 985, partly ; De Wild. Miss. EB. Laurent. 141, and Etudes
Fl. Bas- et Moyen-Congo, ii. 289, partly ; Th. & Hél. Durand, Syll. Fl.
Congol. 499, partly ; S. Moore in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. xl. 204 ;
Prain in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 1004; De Wild. Comp, Kasai,
342. M. obtusa, Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 116, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-
Afr. ©. 241. WM. vaccinioides, Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 116.
M. africana, var. obtusa, Pax ex Durand & De Wild. in Bull. Soe.
Bot. Belg. xxxvii. 107, partly; Th. & Hél. Durand, Syll. Fl. Congol.
500, partly. M. africana, var. benguelensis, Pax & K. Hojf'm. in Engl.
Pflanzenr. Euphorb. Hippoman. 180. Eaxcecaria magenjensis, Sim,
For. Fl. Port. E. Afr. 104, t. 100 A.
Eastern Recion : Delagoa Bay ; Maputa, Sim
Also widely spread in Tropical Africa,
XL. SPIROSTACHYS, Sond.
Flowers monecious ; petals 0; dise 0. Male: Calyw usually
5-lobed, rarely 4-lobed, slightly imbricate in bud. Stamens 3 ; fila-
ments united throughout in a slender tube; anthers free, dehiscing
longitudinally. Rudimentary ovary 0. Female: Calyx 5-lobed.
Ovary 3-celled, rarely 2-celled ; ovules solitary in each cell ; styles 3,
rarely 2, distinctly connate below, entire. Capsule 3-coccous, rarely
z-coccous ; cocci 2-valved. Seeds globose, ecarunculate; albumen
fleshy ; cotyledons broad, flat.
Trees or shrubs, everywhere glabrous ; leaves alternate ; spikes lateral, catkin-
like, with numerous male flowers above and a few basal female flowers, oT
_ oceasionally with the basal female flowers wanting.
B ectog A single species rather widely spread in Africa to the south of Lat.
Vg i
1, 8. africanus (Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 106); a tree, reaching
_ 60 feet in height, everywhere glabrous ; twigs slender ; leaves short-
_ petioled, alternate, firmly membranous and at length somewhat
coriaceous, oblong-ovate, obtuse, base rounded, 2-glandular at the
junction with the petiole, margin crenulate, about 2 in. long, | 1m.
__-wide, medium green, paler beneath ; petiole 1 in. long, channelled
Spirostachys. | EUPHORBIACE (Vrain). 513
above ; stipules minute, lanceolate, caducous ; spikes lateral, appear
ing before the leaves, sessile, densely imbricately spirally bracteate,
3-3 In. long, with many male flowers above and usually 1-3 basal
female flowers ; male bracts obtuse, eglandular, 1-flowered ; male
pedicels obsolete ; female pedicels short, in fruit reaching }—} in. in
length ; male calyx 5- (less often 4-) sect ; lobes obovate-spathulate,
obtuse; anthers 3, extrorse, at the apex of the staminal tube ;
female calyx 5-sect ; lobes triangular-ovate ; ovary glabrous ;
styles 3, rarely 2, connate below in a short column; capsule
3-dymous, rarely 2-dymous, } in. across ; valves thinly crustaceous ;
seeds globose. Walp. Ann. iii. 360; Pax in Engl. PAanzenr. Euphorb.-
Hippoman. 155; Prain in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi, i. 1006.
S. synandra, Pax, lc. Stillingia africana, Baill. EBiud. Gén.
Euphorb. 522, and in Adansonia, iii. 163. Exceecaria africana, Mill.
Arg. in Linnea, xxxii. 123, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1215; Sim,
For. Fl. Cape Col. 319, t. 144, fig. 2, and For. Fl. Port. BE. Afr. 104,
#100 B. . Agallocha, Benth. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. iii.
337, partly ; not of Linn. E. synandra, Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xiii.
223. Maprounea africana, Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr, xv. ii. 1191,
mainly; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 985, mainly. Sapium
africanum, O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. iii. ii. 293, Excacariopsis
Dinter’, Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xiv. 239. E. synandra, Paz Le.
KataHarr Recion : Transvaal; Rustenberg, Miss Pegler, 974! near Barberton,
1350-2500 ft., Burtt-Davy, 2822! 5561! Sterkstroom, Burke, 263! Zeyher, 1528!
Lydenberg Distr., Burtt-Davy, 7316! Pretoria Distr. ; Reck, 4270!
Eastern Recion : Natal; Umgeni River, 100 ft., Wood, 3917! without precise
locality, Gueinzius! Gerrard, 747! Cooper, 3494! Delagoa Bay; near Tourenco
Marques, Bolus, 9782! Sim ; Umbelusi, Sim.
Also in Tropical Africa.
XLI. SAPIUM, P. Br.
Flowers moncecious, rarely dicecious ; petals 0; dise 0. Male:
Calyx usually 3-lobed, valvate, subvalvate or open in bud, : Stamens
2-3 ; filaments free ; anthers dehiscing longitudinally. Rudimentary
ovary 0, Female: Calyx 2-3-lobed. Ovary 3-celled, rarely 2-celled ;
ovules solitary in each cell; styles 3, rarely 2, free or slightly
connate below, entire. Capsule 3-coccous, rarely 2-coccous ; cocci
2-valved, rarely subindehiscent. Seeds globose or narrow-oblong,
_ ecarunculate in all S. African species; albumen fleshy ; cotyledons
_ broad, flat.
Trees r here glabrous; leaves alternate; spikes terminal,
androgynous cach gedit aioe rea above and a few basal female flowers.
-Disrrre. About 100 species, widely spread in all tropical regions. .
FL, C,—VOL, V.—SECT. I. -L
514 EUPHORBIACE& (Prain). [| Sapium.
Male bracts 1-flowered ; leaf-blade shortly decurrent on
the petiole ; capsules breaking up into 3 2-valved
cocci; valves thinly crustaceous, not horned on the
hack 2. rey : at ae ... C1) Simii.
Male bracts several-flowered ; leaf-blade minutely auricu-
late-cordate at point of junction with the petiole:
Capsule breaking up into 3 2-valved cocci ; valves with
a thick woody endocarp and a coriaceous separ-
able exocarp, each shortly but distinctly horned
on the back ... ae és a Bet ... (2) reticulatum,
Capsule subindehiscent, 2-dymous ; valves coriaceous,
not horned on the back... aes ee ... (3) mannianum,
petiole 1-2 in. long, channelled above, eglandular ; stipules small,
usually denticulate ; spikes terminal on leafy twigs, }-1 in. long,
slender, with many male flowers above and 2-3 basal female
flowers ; male bracts orbicular-ovate, somewhat toothed, 1-flowered,
glandular at the base ; pedicels in both sexes very short ; male calyx
3-partite, lobes small, lanceolate ; stamens 3; female calyx 3-sect ;
lobes wide-triangular, acute, eglandular ; ovary glabrous, not horned ;
styles 3, free; capsule globose, } in. across, breaking up into
3 2-valved cocci ; valves thinly crustaceous ; seeds globose.
Excecaria caffra, Sim, For. Fl. Cape Col. 319, t. 144, fig. 1. £. Simii,
Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr. Euphorb. Hippoman. 170.
Coast Recon: Albany Div. ; without precise locality, Miss Bowker! King
Williamstown Div, ; Perie Forest, 2200-2500 ft., Sim, 1560! Kuntze! Galpin,
5907! Schénland, 862! East London Div.; near East London, Thode ™m
Herb. Wood, 4850! Needs Camp, Galpin, 7098! Komgha Div. ; near Komgha,
1800 ft., Flanagan, 413! near Kei Mouth, 100 ft., Schlechter, 6190!
Eastern Recion: Transkei; Kentani, 1000 ft., Miss Pegler, 897 |! Pondoland ;
Gwenkala River, 1500 ft., Flanagan, 413! and without precise locality, Beyri¢ h,
306! Natal; Inanda, Wood, 991! and without precise locality, Gerrard, 2152!
Zululand ; near Eshowe, Wylie in Herb. Wood, 7534!
2. 8. reticulatum (Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr. Euphorb. Hippoman.
245, fig. 46, C.D); ashrub, 10-18 ft. high, everywhere glabrous except
the margins of the stipules ; buds perulate ; twigs slender, spreading ;
leaves short-petioled, alternate, membranous, oblong-oyate or ovate-
lanceolate, shortly and bluntly acuminate, base rounded or wide-
cuneate, minutely auriculate-cordate at point of junction with
petiole, margin entire or serrulate, 1-3 in. long, 3-1} in. wide;
petiole 1-2 in. long, channelled above; stipules ovate-lanceolate,
as long as the petiole, very caducous ; spikes terminal on leafy twigs,
2-3 in. long, with many male flowers above and 1 (rarely 2) basal
female flowers ; male bracts oblong or ovate, somewhat toothed;
several-flowered, glandular at the base ; female bracts 1-flowered ;
Sapium.| EUPHORBIACE# (Prain). 515
pedicels of male flowers longer than bracts, of female flowers nearly
t in. long, in fruit ? in. long; male calyx 3-partite, lobes triangular,
toothed ; stamens 3; female calyx 3-sect, wide-triangular, cordate,
acute, toothed, with either a gland or a lanceolate toothed lacinula
at each sinus ; ovary glabrous, with 2 dorsal horns on each carpel ;
styles 3, shortly connate at the base; capsule ovoid, acute, 4 in.
across, with a coriaceous separable somewhat wrinkled epicarp and
a thick woody endocarp, breaking up into 3 2-valved cocci; seeds
ovoid, grey, mottled with brown. Selerocroton integerrimus, Hochst.
in Flora, 1845, 85; Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 107. 8. reticulatus,
Hochst. 1c. Stillingia integerrima, Baill. in Adansonia, iii. 162.
Exeecaria hochstetteriana, Mill. Arg. in Linnea, xxxii. 122. EH.
integerrima, Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 948. E. reticulata,
Mill. Arg. l.c. 1213; Wood, Natal Pl. t. 10; Sim, For. Fl. Cape Col.
320, as to description mainly ; and in For, Fl. Port. E. Afr. 103,
mainly. Tragia integerrima and T. natalensis, Hochst. ex Krauss in
Flora, 1845, 85, and ea Miill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii, 1214; Pax
in Engl. Pflanzenr. Euphorb. Hippoman. 245.
Eastrrn Recion : Pondoland ; St. Johns, Sim, 2422, partly ! Natal ; near Durban,
100 ft., Wood, 1012! 1033! 1417! 6529! Rehmann, 8984! Wilms, 1916! Clairmont,
Engler, 2540! Inanda, Wood, 92! between Pinetown and Umbilo, Rehmann,
8038! and without precise locality, Gueinzius,! Krauss, 351! 468! Drége, 4587!
Peddie! Cooper, 1231! Williamson! Gerrard, 83! Gerrard & McKen, 697!
Delagoa Bay ; near Lourengo Marques, Junod, 68! Sim ; Magaia, Schlechter, 12046 !
A very distinct species which, nevertheless, so careful an observer as Sonder in
1850 thought to be only a variety of the one next to be described. Sim, another
competent observer, has recently been led into the same misapprehension, and has
distributed under the same field-number, 2422, specimens of both these species.
Under the name Excecaria reticulata, Sim based on these specimens a description
which covers both species, but has given a figure which represents only that one to
Which the name £. reticulata does not apply. Baillon in 1863 first pointed out that
Hochstetter in 1845 had given two names, Sclerocroton integerrimus and 8, reticu~
latus, to what are only two conditions of the same species, and that, of these two,
S. integerrimus is the name which should be used. Miiller, in the same year,
recognising this fact and, at the same time transferring the species to Zxcwcaria,
substituted for Hochstetter’s two specific terms the new name £. hochstetteriana.
Realising the inadmissibility of the proposal, Miiller in 1866 first (DC. Prodr. xv.
1. 948) used the name E. integerrima, but later (J.c. 1213) altered it to Z. reticulata.
In transferring the species from Excecaria to Sapium, Pax has adopted the specific
name finally employed by Miiller.
3. 8. mannianum (Benth. in Benth. & Hook. £. Gen. Plant. iii.
335) ; a tree of moderate to considerable size, glabrous except on
the inflorescences and the scaly portionjof the young twigs ; buds
Perulate ; scales coriaceous; twigs slender, drooping ; leaves short-
petioled, alternate, firmly membranous to thinly coriaceous, oblong-
ovate to elliptic-lanceolate, acute to shortly cuspidate ; base cuneate
or rounded, minutely auriculate-cordate at point of junction with
the petiole, margin more or less toothed or rarely subentire, with
1-2 glands on each side along the base, 24-6 in. long, - in. wide ;
| ib
516 EUPHORBIACE® (Prain). [ Sapiwm.
petiole slender, 2-4 lin. long, slightly channelled above ; stipules
ovate-triangular, acute, usually soon deciduous ; spikes terminal on
leafy twigs, 2-4} in. long, with many male flowers above and 1-3 basal
female flowers ; male bracts orbicular-ovate, finely toothed, several-
flowered, glandular at the base ; female bracts 1-flowered ; pedicels of
male flowers longer than the bracts ; of female flowers about } in.
long, in fruit 2 in. long ; male calyx unequally 2-3-fid, lobes obtuse ;
stamens 2, less often 3; female calyx deeply 3-partite, sometimes
with intercalary glandular lacinule in the sinuses ; ovary glabrous,
not horned, 2-celled, rarely 3-celled; styles 2, very rarely 3, connate
below ; capsule coriaceous, hardly dehiscent, usually markedly
didymous, sometimes by abortion 1-coccous, } in. across ; seeds sub-
globose, pale brown. Pax in Bolet. Soc. Brot. x.161; Hiern in Cat.
Afr. Pl. Welw. iv. 986; S. Moore in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. xl. 204 ;
Prain in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi.i. 1016. 8S. abyssiniewm, Benth.
Le. SS. Kerstingii, Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xliii. 85. 8. ellipticum, Pax
in Engl. Pflanzenr. Euphorb. Hippoman. 253. Sclerocroton ellipticus,
Hochst. in Flora, 1845, 85; Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 107 ; Baill.
Etud. Gén. Euphorb. 523, t. 8, fig. 17. Stillingia elliptica, Baill.
Adansonia, iii. 162. Exeaecaria indica, Miill. Arg. in Linnea, xxxii.
123, and in DOC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1216, partly ; only the African plant.
E. manniana, Miill. Arg. in Flora, 1864, 433, and in DC. Prodr.
xv.ii. 1217. LE. reticulata, Sim, For. Fl. Cape Col. 320, as to deserip-
tion partly and wholly as to t. 140, fig. 2; and in For. Fl. Port.
E. Afr. 103, partly ; not of Mill. Arg. Tragia elliptica, Hochst. ex
Mill, Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1216; Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr.
Euphorb. Hippoman, 253.
Eastern Recion: Pondoland ; St. Johns, Sim, 2422, partly! Port St. John,
above Tiger Flat, 100 ft.,; Galpin, 2856! Natal ; Inanda, Wood, 954! Fairfield,
Rudatis, 117! and without precise locality, Gueinzius, 175! Krauss, 269! Gerrard,
84! Gerrard & McKen!
Also in Tropical Africa.
OrpDER CXXII. ULMACEZE,
(By N. E. Brown.)
Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual. Perianth 4—5-partite,
slightly imbricate, persistent. Stamens 4-5, free, opposite the
perianth-segments, absent from the female flower ; anthers dorsifixed,
erect or reflexed in bud. Ovary free, rudimentary or abortive 10
_ the male flowers, often surrounded at the base with a ring of hairs,
_ Leelled ; stigmas 2, terminal, subulate or stoutly filiform ; ovule
solitary, pendulous. Fruit fleshy, with a hard endocarp or “ stone.
Seed pendulous, with a thin testa, albuminous or exalbuminous ;
_ embryo curved ; cotyledons flat or folded.
ULMACEA: (Brown). 517
Trees or shrubs, spiny or unarmed ; leaves alternate, stipulate, usually 3-nerved
at the base ; stipules lateral, free, deciduous ; flowers in small axillary cymes or
clusters or solitary, pedicellate.
Distris. Genera 9, species about 100, widely distributed, but chiefly inhabiting
the warmer regions.
I. Celtis.—Stipules free. Flowers in small cymes or clusters or solitary, with
the pedicels of the female flowers 3-9 lin. long. Cotyledons broad,
variously folded. _
II. Trema.—Stipules free. Flowers in small dense clusters or cymes with
pedicels $-1 lin. long. Cotyledons narrow.
III. Cheetacme.—Stipules connate and sheathing the buds. Male Aowers in
small cymes ; female flowers solitary ; pedicels 4-24 ‘lin. long. Coty-
ledons unequal, the larger enveloping the smaller.
I. CELTIS, Linn.
Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual. Perianth-segments 4-5,
Spreading, concave, green or brownish. Stamens 4-5, opposite the
perianth-segments, absent from the female flowers. Ovary superior,
L-celled, rudimentary in the male flowers ; stigmas 2, terminal,
sessile, filiform or subulate, very stout, widely spreading or ascending ;
ovule solitary, pendulous from the top of the cell, anatropous.
Fruit with a fleshy exocarp and hard bony endocarp. Seed ex-
albuminous ; testa thin ; cotyledons broad, variously folded.
Trees or shrubs, unarmed or spiny ; leaves alternate, stipulate ; stipules lateral,
free, deciduous ; flowers in small axillary clusters or solitary, pedicellate.
Distrip. Species about 60, widely distributed in tropical and temperate
regions,
Leaves on the flowering branches 24-5 in. long, with few :
teeth ; fruit compressed, nearly fin. long... ... C1) Franksiz.
Leaves on the flowering branches 1-3$ in. long, with
Stee i nal,
1. C. Franksie (N. E. Br.) ; a tree 30 ft. high; branches at first
puberulous, becoming glabrous, with a grey or brown bark ; leaves
alternate, puberulous on the petiole and midrib beneath, otherwise
glabrous, subcoriaceous ; petiole }-§ in. long ; blade 23-7 in. long,
1-3 in. broad, elliptic-oblong, acute or shortly acuminate, obliquely
rounded or obliquely subcuneate at the base, entire or more or
less toothed above the middle, 3-nerved at the base with 4—5
spreading primary veins on each side of the midrib ; stipules 2-3 lin.
long, lanceolate, acuminate, puberulous, soon deciduous ; male and
hermaphrodite flowers intermingled on axillary racemes 3-4 lin.
518 ULMACE (Brown). [ Celtis.
long ; bracts 4-3 lin. long, ovate, acute; pedicels of the male
flowers 1-1} lin. long, of the female 4-6 lin. long, puberulous ;
perianth-segments 5, spreading, 1 lin. long, oblong, obtuse, concave,
puberulous on the back; stamens not or scarcely exceeding the
perianth-segments ; dise pubescent ; ovary ovoid, much flattened in
young fruit, shortly 2-horned at the apex, glabrous, very rudimen- |
tary in the male flowers ; styles when fully developed } in. or more :
long, usually twice forked, very stout, densely puberulous. Celtis
Soyauxii, Wood in Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Afr. iii. 56 ; not of Engl.
Eastern Recion: Natal ; near Durban, Miss Franks in Herb. Wood, 11726!
This species is allied to C. Soyausii, Engl., but is distinguished by its larger
leaves, which are more distinctly toothed, different in texture and the 4-5 veins
on each side of the midrib are spreading and unite with each other in bold loops,
whilst in the true (. Soyausii there are only 2-3 lateral veins, which are all very
ascending and excurrent at the margin near the apex. The fruit of C. Franksiw
is also glabrous, whilst that of (. Soyausii is described as thinly pubescent, but I
have not seen it, as the Angolan plant quoted under C. Soyauxii by Engler is
(except Welwitsch, 6285) obviously a distinct species with a totally different
venation,
I. 2. C. rhamnifolia (Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 37, excl. syn.) ; varying from
/ «shrub to a tree 20-80 ft. high ; branches with a brown or greyish’
bark, thinly puberulous to densely pubescent on the young growth, be-
coming glabrous ; leaves alternate, petiolate, varying from glabrous to
densely pubescent on both sides ; petiole 1-3 lin. long ; blade 3-3}
in. long, }—2} in. broad, ovate, acuminate, obliquely rounded or sub-
cordate at the base, serrate with small teeth, 3-nerved at the base ;
stipules 24-3 lin. long, }—2 lin. broad, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate,
obtuse, brown, deciduous ; flowers unisexual or hermaphrodite, soli-
tary or 2-4 in very shortly pedunculate cymes, axillary, pedicellate,
the female or hermaphrodite flowers sometimes on a distinct plant,
sometimes mingled with the males ; pedicels 1-9 lin. long, slender,
puberulous ; perianth-segments 4, about 1} lin. long, boat-shaped,
subobtuse, very spreading, brown, with paler margins, thin,
glabrous, ciliate ; stamens 4, spreading on or within the perianth-
segments and shorter than or only exceeding the latter by their
anthers, sometimes wanting in the fertile flowers ; ovary shorter
than the perianth-segments, ovoid or subglobose, densely woolly ;
stigmas 1-1} lin. long, very stout, densely papillate-pubescent ; fruit
subglobose, about 2 lin. in diam., glabrous or pubescent. Burtt-
Davy in Transv. Agric. Journ. iv. t. 111, and v. 433. C. kraussiana,
Bernh. in Flora, 1845, 87, and in Krauss, Fl. Cap.- und- Natal. 150 ;
Planch. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 3me sér. x. 295, and in DC. Prodr. xvii. 173 ;
Wood, Natal Pl. i. 25, t. 28; Burtt-Davy in Transv. Agric. Journ. V-
433; Sim, For. Fl. Cape Col. 306, t. 134 (floral analyses very 1-
accurate). ©. opegrapha, Planch., C. vesiculosa, Hochst. ex Planch,
and C. Burmanni, Planch. in Ann. Se. Nat. 3me sér. x. 294, 295, 299.
Celtis eriantha, E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pf. Documente, 171, and
Celtis. | ULMACEE (Brown). 519
Planch. 1c. 296.—Celtis foliis subrotundis, &c. J. Burm. Rar. Afr. Pi.
242, t. 88,
SoutH Arrica: without locality, Zeyher, 314!
Coast Recion: Port Elizabeth Div. ; Krakakamma, Zeyher, 570! 993! Uiten-
hage Div. ; near the Lead-mine, Burchell, 4498 ! Queenstown Div. ; near Queens-
town, Cooper, 213! Galpin, 1890! Komgha Div. ; near Komgha, Schlechter, 6160 !
CENTRAL Recon: Somerset Div. ; Bosch Berg, Burchell, 3146! by the Fish
River, MacOwan, 1566! and without precise locality, Bowker! Graaff Reinet#Div. ;
Oude Berg, Drége; near Graff Reinet, Drége! Bolus, 685! Wodehouse Div. ;
Mooi Flats, Drége, 8261 a! Aliwal North Div.; by the Orange River, Burke!
Albert Div. ; near Gaatje, Drége, 8261 b!
Katanart Recion: Basutoland; Leribe, Mrs. Dieterlen, 193! Transvaal ;
hills near Aapies River, Rehmann, 4277 ! Bereaparle, Pretoria, Miss Leendertz,
253 ! 330! north of Klerksdorp, Nelson, 250! ,
Eastern Recion: Natal; near Durban and in the Botanic Garden, Gerrard,
85! 1977! Gueinzius! Wood, 1784! eastern side of Table Mountain, Krauss,
1776,
Known as White Stinkwood, Camdeboo Stinkwood and Wit-gat Boom.
Also in Tropical Africa and Arabia.
This plant is generally known as C. kraussiana, as Presl’s earlier name was over-
looked by Planchon when he monographed this genus; and has not been included
in the Index Kewensis, Dr. Rendle has shown (Journ. Bot. 1915, 298) that
Rhamnus celtifolius, Thunb, (Prodr. 44, and Fl. Cap. ed. Schultes, 196) is
Rhamnus prinoides, L’Hérit. Presi erroneously referred it to Celtis rhamnifolia,
which he founded on Drége, 8261.
II. TREMA, Lour.
Flowers unisexual. Perianth-segments usually 5, rarely 4, sub-
equal or the outer slightly smaller, slightly imbricate, all concave in
the male flower, the outer two slightly concave and the others
flattened in the female flower. Stamens 5, rarely 4, absent from
the female flower ; filaments shorter than the perianth-segments ;
anthers erect in bud. Ovary sessile, erect, rudimentary or abortive
in the male, surrounded by a ring of hairs at the base in both sexes,
l-celled, with 1 pendulous .ovule ; stigmas 2, terminal, not oblique,
filiform or subulate, thick. Fruit small, fleshy, with a thin hardened
endocarp. Seed with a membranous testa, albuminous ; embryo
curved, cotyledons narrow.
Trees or shrubs, without stinging hairs or spines; leaves alternate, stipu-
late, often 3-nerved at the base ; stipules lateral, free, deciduous; flowers in
small dense axillary cymes or clusters. A
Distrrs. Species about 40, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical
regions, only 1 in South Africa.
1. T. bracteolata (Blume, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. ii. 58) ;
A shrub or tree 325 ft. high ; young branches adpressed-pube-
-Tulous ; leaves alternate, stipulate ; petiole 2-6 lin. long, puberulous ;
blade 1-5 in. long, }-2 in. broad, varying from narrowly lanceo-
late to elongated ovate or oblong-ovate, acuminate, rounded to
520 ULMACE& (Brown). | Tvema.
cordate at the base, often more or less oblique, three-nerved at
the base, finely toothed, glabrous or thinly sprinkled with hairs
above, nearly glabrous to finely adpressed-puberulous beneath ;
stipules 1-3} lin. long, lanceolate-subulate, silky-pubescent, deci-
duous ; flowers in small dense axillary cymes or globose clusters
4-3 in, in diam., which vary from shorter than to about twice as
Jong as the petioles, unisexual or occasionally with both sexes on
the ‘same cyme, pubescent or puberulous; bracts 4-1} lin. long,
ovate, acute or tapering to a long point, pubescent ; pedicels
1] lin. long, jointed close under the flowers ; flowers 5-partite,
green ; segments of the male flower 1 lin. long, deeply boat-shaped,
obtuse, those of the female 2 lin. long, two of them concave, the
other three flatter and broader, elliptic, very obtuse, in both sexes
with membranous fringed margins to the inner three, the others
ciliate, glabrous ; stamens 5, with stout filaments, shortly tapering
at the apex, shorter than the perianth-segments, glabrous, absent
from the female flowers; ovary compressed, elliptic, glabrous,
l-celled, with 1 pendulous ovule, columnar and abortive in the male
flowers, surrounded at the base in both sexes by a ring of hairs ;
styles 2, ascending or diverging, § lin. long, hairy ; fruit fleshy,
ellipsoid or subglobose, 1}—2 lin. in diam., black when ripe, bearing
the persistent remains of the styles. Wood, Natal Pl. iv. t. 356 ;
Burtt-Davy in Transv. Agric. Journ. v. 433 ; Sim, For. Fl. Cape Col.
305, t. 158, fig. 2 (very inaccurate). T’. glomerata, Blume, Ann. Mus.
Bot. Lugd.-Bat. ii. 58. TT. guineensis, Ficalho, Pl. Uteis. 261, and
Priemer in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 426. Sponia glomerata, Hochst., and
S. bracteolata, Hochst. in Flora, 1845, 87, and in Krauss, Fl. Cap.-
und- Natal. 150-151, and Planch, in Ann. Sc. Nat. 3me sér. x. 3215
Rendle in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. ii. 11. S. guineensis, Planch.
in DC. Prodr. xvii. 197. 8. orientalis, B angustifolia, E. Meyer e«
Planch. l.c., under 8. guineensis, Planch. Celtis quineensis, Schumach.
& Thonn. Beskr. Guin. Pl. 160. C. orientalis, 8, E. Meyer in Drége,
Zwei Pfl. Documente, 171.
“en Recion : Komgha Diy. ; along the Kei River near Komgha, Flanagan,
1347 !
Katawarr Reaion : Transvaal ; near Barberton, Galpin, 848! Thorncroft, 3934!
Eastern Recion: Transkei; Kentani, Miss Pegler, 867! Natal; Table
Mountain, Krauss, 41! in woods, Krauss, 354! between Umzimkulu River and
Umeomaas River, Drége! Maritzburg, Rehmann, 7512! Inanda, Wood, 625! near
Durban, Schlechter, 2795! Dumisa, Rudatis, 591! 1189! and without precise
locality, Peddie! Gueinzius! Gerrard, 14! Cooper, 1254!
Also in Tropical Africa and Arabia.
III. CHATACME, Planch.
Flowers unisexual. Perianth-segments 5, induplicate-valvate,
deeply concave with inflexed sides and all equal in-the male, flattish
and one smaller than the others in the female flower. Stamens 5;
included in the cavity of the perianth-segments, absent from the
©
~
Chetaeme. | ULMACE& (Brown). 521
female flowers ; anthers erect in bud. Ovary sessile, erect, rudimen-
tary in the male flowers, 1-celled, with 1 pendulous ovule ; styles 2,
terminal, not oblique, filiform, long and densely hairy-stigmatose.
Fruit globose, at first fleshy, becoming dry and hard, with a bony
endocarp. Seed globose, with a thin membranous testa, exalbu-
minous ; embryo curved, with unequal thick fleshy ;cotyledons, the
larger enveloping the smaller.
‘Trees or shrubs, spiny, without stinging hairs; leaves alternate, stipulate ;
Stipules connate and sheathing the bud, deciduous as the bud expands ; male
flowers in small axillary cymes or clusters, female solitary, axillary.
Distrip, Species 2, one in Tropical and South Africa, the other in Madagascar.
1. C, aristata (Planch. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 3me sér. x. 341) ; a shrub
or tree 9-35 ft. high, more or less armed with spines ; young branches
varying from glabrous to pubescent, usually more or less zigzag ;
leaves alternate, stipulate ; petiole 1-4 lin. long; blade 3~3 in. long,
3-1} in. broad, lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate or elliptic, obtuse or
acute, tipped with a bristle 1-4 lin. long, entire or more or less
toothed, even on the same branch, glabrous on both sides or thinly
puberulous beneath ; stipules connate into a sheath including the
terminal bud, 3-11 lin. long, glabrous or puberulous, brown, quickly
deciduous ; spines axillary, solitary or in pairs, 2-14 lin. long ;
male flowers in axillary clusters or cymes }-1} in. in diam. ;
bracts 3~3 lin. long, ovate, obtuse, glabrous or pubescent, ciliate ;
pedicels 3~21 lin. long, jointed close under the flower, glabrous
or puberulous ; perianth-segments | lin. long, deeply boat-shaped
with the margins folded inwards, glabrous to pubescent, green ;
Stamens 5, included in the concavity of the perianth-segments ;
ovary rudimentary, sometimes with 2 short style-arms at the apex,
pubescent ; female flower solitary, axillary ; pedicel 1-1} lin. long,
pubescent (or perhaps sometimes glabrous’), with 1 minute ovate
pubescent bract ; perianth-segments lin. long, $ lin. broad, flattish,
ovate, obtuse, puberulous ; ovary erect, sessile, subglobose or ovoid,
glabrous or puberulous ; styles 2, terminal, 6-8 lin. long, filiform,
diverging-erect, hairy ; fruit globose, about $ in. in diam., at first
fleshy, flesh becoming dry and hard and adhering to the hard stone
or endocarp. Planch. in DC. Prodr. xvii. 210; Sim, For. Fi. Cape
Col. 305, t. 160, fig.1. C. nitida, Planch. & Harv., and C. Meyeri, Harv.
Thes. Cap. i. 16, t.25. €. serrata, Engl. in Notizbl. Kénigl. Bot. Gart.
Berlin, iii. 24; Rendle in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i. 14. Celtis
appendiculata, E. Meyer, C. aristata, E. Meyer, and C. subdentata,
E. Meyer in Drége Zwei Pfl. Documente, 171.
Coast Recron: Uitenhage Div. ; forest near Van Stadens River, Burda
4666! Galgebosch and Enon, Drége! and_ without precise locality, Zeyher, 679!
Albany Diy.; between Blue Krantz and Kowie Poort, Burchell, 3667! Stocken-
strom Div. ; Galpin, 1736! A .
TERN Sen. Pondoland ; St. Johns River, Drége! woods near —
Beyrich, 119, Bachmann, 432, 438. Natal; Inanda, Wood, 698! near Durban,
Wood in MacOwan & Bolus Herb. Norm. Austr.-Afr. 1366! and without precise
locality, Gerrard, 270! 276! 547! 1182! Gueinzius !
Also in Tropical Africa.
-
522 MORACE (Brown and Hutchinson).
OrperR CXXILA, MORACEZE,
(By N. E. Brown and J. Hurcutnsoy.)
Flowers unisexual, in spikes or globose heads, or enclosed within
a globose or pear-shaped receptacle (tig), or seated upon or immersed
in a fiattened receptacle. Perianth of 2-6 free segments or 2-6-
lobed or toothed, or tubular or urceolate or absent. Stamens 2-6,
free, opposite the perianth-segments, absent from the female flowers ;
anthers inflexed or erect in bud. Ovary free, l-celled, rudimentary
or absent from the male flowers ; stigmas 2, equal or unequal, subu-
late or filiform, or style entire or bifid at the tip, filiform. Ovule
solitary, pendulous. Fruit either compound and globose or oblong
and formed of the enlarged fleshy perianth-segments and outer coat of
the ovary, or of achenes immersed in a flattened receptacle or
enclosed in a globose or pear-shaped receptacle (fig). Seed pen-
dulous, with a thin testa, albuminous or exalbuminous ; embryo
curved ; cotyledons flat or folded.
Trees or shrubs, with milky juice; leaves alternate, stipulate, deciduous oF
evergreen ; flowers of the South African species in dense globose heads or enclosed
in the receptacle (fig).
Distris, Genera about 64, species about 950, widely distributed throughout
the warmer regions.
I. Cardiogyne.—Flowers in dense globose heads.
Il. Ficus.—Flowers completely enclosed in a globose or pear-shaped receptacle
(fig).
I. CARDIOGYNE, Bureau.
Flowers in globose heads, unisexual, the sexes on different plants.
Perianth-segments 4, imbricate. Stamens 4, opposite the perianth-
segments and longer than them, inflexed in bud, absent from the
female flowers. Ovary superior, sessile, 1-celled, with 1 pendulous
ovule; style terminal, long, filiform. Fruit compound, globose,
pulpy, formed of the enlarged fleshy perianth-segments and bracts
of the combined head of flowers, with the achenes embedded in the
pulp, Achenes ellipsoid, notched at the apex, with a thin hard
shell, Seed exalbuminous ; testa thin; embryo with plicate cotyle-
dons embracing the incurved radicle.
Cardiogyne. | MORACE.® (Brown). 6as
A climbing shrub or a bush; leaves alternate, inconspicuously stipulate ;
flowers in dense globose heads solitary or in pairs in the axils of the leaves ; fruit
globose, compound, pulpy.
Distris. Species 1, in Tropical Eastern South Africa.
This genus is very closely related to Cudrania, and only differs from it by the
stamens being inflexed in bud.
1. C. africana (Bureau in DC. Prodr. xvii. 233); a climbing
shrub or bush, armed with spines; branches glabrous or puberulous,
with pale grey bark, often ending in a spine and also with axillary
spines ; leaves alternate, inconspicuously stipulate ; petiole }-1 in.
long, slender, glabrous or puberulous ; blade 1-3 in. long, 4-12 in.
broad, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, shortly and obtusely pointed or
rounded and slightly notched at the apex, glabrous on both sides or
puberulous on the midrib beneath ; stipules }—1 lin. long, ovate, very
acuminate, quickly deciduous ; flowers mingled with bracts in dense
globose pedunculate heads 33-7 lin. in diam. ; heads solitary or two
together, axillary, sessile in the female and on peduncles 2-3 lin. long
in the male plant, minutely and densely velvety, greyish or whitish ;
perianth-segments 4, imbricate, 1-1} lin. long, 3-1 lin. broad,.
obovate, broadly rounded at the apex, concave at the upper part
and gibbous on the back in the male, truncate, thickened and
dorsally gibbous at the apex in the female flowers; stamens 4,
twice as long as the perianth-segments, inflexed in bud ; filaments
red ; anthers yellow ; ovary obovate, compressed, 1-celled, with 1
pendulous ovule; style terminal, filiform; female heads in fruit
“the size of a walnut, uneven on the surface, yellowish cream-
colour” (Kirk) ; achene enclosed in the perianth, 24 lin. long, 2
lin. in diam., ellipsoid, notched at the apex, smooth, whitish-brown.
Baill. Hist. Nat. Pl. Madag. t. 294; Hook. Ic. Pl. xxv. t. 2473;
Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. i. 76 ; Engl. Monogr. Afr.
Pflanzenfam. Moracex, 5; Rendle in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. Ul. 24.
Cudranea, Kirk in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. ix. 229.
Eastern REGION : Delagoa Bay ; ona hill near Lourengo Marques, Bolus, 9783
Also in Tropical Africa.
The fruit is edible and the wood dyes cloth yellow. In each perianth-segment
there are two cavities filled with yellow granular matter.
II. FICUS, Linn.
(By J. Hurcninson.)
nclosed in a variously
(fig). Male flower:
imbricate, usually
6, with straight
Flowers monecious or very rarely dicecious, e
shaped fleshy or somewhat woody receptacle
perianth 2—6-lobed or -partite ; lobes or segments
membranous and hyaline ; stamens 1-2, or rarely 3-
524 MORACEA: (Hutchinson). | Ficus.
short filaments; anthers more or less oblong or ovoid, exserted or
included ; rudimentary ovary 0 or very rarely present. Female
flower: perianth-segments often fewer and narrower than in the
male or rarely minute ; ovary mostly obliquely ellipsoid or ovoid ;
style almost invariably lateral, short or slender or rather long ;
stigma usually oblong; ovule laterally attached and pendulous
from near the apex of the cell: achene partially enclosed within the
persistent perianth ; pericarp crustaceous and dry or rarely succu-
lent ; seed pendulous, with a membranous testa ; albumen often
scanty ; embryo curved; cotyledons often plicate and subequal ;
radicle incumbent.
Trees, shrubs or rarely climbers, with milky juice ; leaves alternate or pe
rarely opposite, entire, dentate, or variously lobed, very variable in shape ”
venation ; stipules enveloping the terminal bud, caducous at the unfolding of oe
leaves or more rarely persistent ; receptacles (figs) sessile or pedunculate, mostly
paired when axillary or sometimes solitary, when borne on the trunk or main
branches remote from the leaves then in leafless panicles or more usually 1
fascicles, 2-3-bracteate at the base with the bracts in a whorl or more rarely
several bracts scattered on the peduncle and over the receptacle ; bracts at ke
ostiole (mouth) of the receptacle in several series, small, spreading horizontally
across the mouth and then visible from outside, or all descending abruptly into
the interior of the receptacle and not visible from outside, the ostiole in the mt
ease being pore-like ; male flowersin the African species usually very few i:
near the ostiole, rarely mixed amongst the female and ‘gall-flowers ; female
flowers usually numerous and sessile ; gall-flowers mostly numerous and long-
pedicellate ; bracts among the flowers usually small and inconspicuous, or absent.
Distris. About 700 species, spread throughout the tropics and subtropies of
coth hemispheres, very numerous (about 180) in Tropical Africa.
Ficus Carica, Linn., the common edible fig, is much cultivated in South Africa
and is often found as a garden escape. In the Kew Herbarium there 1s reves
specimen of F. retusa, Linn., a native of India, gathered by Medley Wood (4500)
at Berea, Natal ; the leaves are small, obovate, with a distinct pair of basal nerves,
and the receptacles are axillary, about the size of a small pea, sessile, glabrous,
with a few bracts overlapping the mouth of the ostiole. Dried material has also
been seen of Ficus exasperata, Vahl, from cultivated plants in the Natal eats
Garden. This species is a native of Tropical Africa, where it is very widely
spread ; the leaves are so rough that they are used by the natives as a substitute
for sandpaper. Several Indian species are also grown in the Natal Botanic Garden,
mostly as ornamental shrubs or trees.
*Ostiole (mouth) of the receptacle with the bracts visible
from the outside and spreading transversely across
the orifice ; basal bracts 3 or more :
+Basal bracts of the receptacle arranged ina single whorl
at the apex of the peduncle:
Male flowers with 2 stamens; receptacles arranged
in panicles on the main stem or branches remote
from the leaves :
Mature receptacles tomentose ; leaves suborbicular
or elliptic-orbicular, entire es ... (1) Sycomorus.
Mature receptacles glabrous ; leaves ovate or ovate- sg
elliptic, mostly repand-dentate vs ee (2) capensis.
Male flowers with a single stamen; receptacles
axillary :
Ficus. | MORACE (Hutchinson). 525
Leaves not or only very slightly acuminate, mostly
obtuse ; young branchlets glabrous or minutely
puberulous :
Receptacles 34-4 lin. in diam. ; leaves shares, or
oblong-elliptic, shortly acuminate .
Receptacles 4-5 lin. in diam. ; leaves ovate or
oblong-ovate, rounded or very ere
pointed be
Leaves acutely acuminate ;
tomentose
.. (3) Pretorie.
. (4) ingens.
young peanohieta
veo es .. (5) cordata.
ttBasal bracts somewhat Gueie on the palate! with
some additional very small ones over the surface
of the receptacle ; leaves speuaiaen often 3-toothed
at the apex
**Ostiole of the receptacle sine snd more or less ie
lipped, with all the bracts descending abruptly into
the receptacle and not visible from the outside ;
basal bracts usually 2:
Receptacles borne in clusters on the main branches :
Leaves oblong or lanceolate-oblong, 17-23 in, Le
broad, obtuse at both ends ers aes ... (7 ) sansibarica,
Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, slightly cordate or
rounded at the base, caudate-acuminate, 2- aon in.
broad : :
Receptacles axillary :
Leaves suborbicular or ovate-orbicular, mostly deeply
cordate or rounded at the base:
Young branchlets glabrous; leaves sparingly and
shortly pubescent or elabrous very ow
cordate at the base... A E'D) ‘cidasasia.
Young branchlets very densely aE pre
villous, rounded or slightly cordate at the
bas'
.. (6) capreefolia,
.. (8) polita,
© bis ie .. (10) Sonderi.
Leaves elliptic, scam or slightly setts at ths
base, about 6-15 in. long... bs ies .. (11) Nekbudu.
Leaves oblong or obovate, if slightly cordate mas
small :
Receptacles sessile : ee
Leaves ong and bie prominently reticula’
below . os nes ee a .. (12) Stuhlmannii.
Leaves abet:
Receptacles glabrous ; leaves often truncate
at the apex ; stipules sometimes sub-
persistent ... na es .. (13) craterostoma.
Receptacles tomentose; leaves sessed at the
apex ; stipules caducous ... ee .. (14) Petersii.
Receptacles pedunculate :
Receptacles woolly-tomentose or pubescent ».. (15) Burkei.
es ag glabrous or very minutely puberu-
lous ;
Leaves with pesto aap eee nerves, Me
in. long ; rece’ es n, in diam., not
nes A a ee ee oe .. (16) depauperata.
Leaves with few or spreading lateral nerves,
if somewhat flabellate then receptacles
stipitate within the basal bracts :
526 MORACEZ (Hutchinson). | Ficus.
Lateral nerves 8-9 on each side of the
midrib ; ostiole large and umbonate ;
receptacles often stipitate at the base (17) natalensis.
Lateral nerves 9-12 ; ostiole small; recep- ne
tacles not stipitate. ... ce ... (18) gurichiana,
Lateral nerves about 5; venation close and
delicate on the lower surface of the
leaves ; ostiolesmall, not umbonate (19) Burtt-Davyi.
1. F. Sycomorus (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 1059); a large tree with
spreading crown; young branchlets with a circle of long slender
hairs just below the node, otherwise glabrous or nearly so; leaves
suborbicular or ovate-orbicular, rounded or obtuse at the apex,
cordate or rounded at the base, 2-5 in. long, 13-34 in. broad, sub-
entire or slightly undulately toothed, dull and glabrous on both
surfaces or minutely puberulous below, sometimes slightly scabrous,
palmately nerved at the base; midrib prominent below, continued
to the apex of the blade; principal pair of basal nerves ascending
to above the middle of the leaf-blade, with 8-10 lateral nerves on
their lower sides; remaining lateral nerves about 3 on each side
of the midrib, diverging from it at an angle of about 40°, distinct
on both surfaces, prominent below, bifurcate near the margin ;
tertiary nerves very slender, wavy between the lateral ones ; veins
very delicate and close ; petiole relatively short, 3-1} in. long, at
first finely papillose and pilose, at length glabrous; stipules
deciduous, those surrounding the terminal bud lanceolate, villous ;
receptacles in leafless panicles produced on the main branches or on
the stem, obovoid-globose, sometimes stipitate at the base, about
1 in. in diam., with a conspicuous ostiole, softly tomentose ; basal
bracts 2, opposite, ovate, subcoriaceous, pubescent outside ; ostiole
with numerous exserted suberect bracts; outer bracts ovate-
triangular, subacute, coriaceous, finely puberulous or glabrescent
outside, inner ones spreading horizontally across the ostiole, the
innermost longer and descending into the receptacle, glabrous ; male
flowers sessile near the ostiole ; perianth membranous, covering the _
1-3 stamens ; anther-cells free at the base; female flowers shortly
pedicellate ; style quite lateral, reddish, with an oblong yellow
stigma. Mig. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. iii. 282 ; Oliv. in Trans.
Linn. Soc. xxix. 149, t. 99; Engl. & Drude, Veget. Erde, ix. i. pt. 1.
46, fig. 38; Mildbr. d&: Burret in Engl. Jahrb. xivi. 191, fig. 1, B;
Hutchinson in Prain, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. ii. 95. F. Sycomorus vera,
Forsk. Fl. Agypt.-Arab. 180. F. Chanas, Forsk. lc. 219. F. integrt-
_folia, Sim, For. Fl. Port. E. Afr. 101, t. lxxxix. F. flavidobarba,
Warb., F. pallidobarba, Warb., F. ukambensis, Warb., and F. blepha-
rophora, Warb. ea Mildbr. & Burret in Engl. Jahrb. xlvi. 192,
names only. Sycomorus antiquorum, Gasp. Ricerch. Caprif. Fic. 86 ;
Mig. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vii. 109 and Afr. Vijge-Boom. 10,
4 1, fig. A; Kotschy, Plante Binderiane, 4. Sycomorus rigida, Miq.
in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vii. 110, and Afr. Vijge-Boom. 10, t. 1, _
Jig. B; Kotschy, lc.
e
Freus.| MORACE# (Hutchinson). 527
Katanarr Recion: Transvaal ; Blau Berg, Zoutpansberg Range, Burtt-Davy,
2983! Thabina, Burtt-Davy, 2895 a! near Barberton, Legat, 1809! 2451! Bar-
berton Mountains, Burtt-Davy, 283! 323! 3488! 3503! 8043! Target Valley,
Thorneroft, 6612! Swaziland; Em Babaan, Burtt-Davy, 2890! Meintjies Kop,
Pretoria, Burtt-Davy, 5054!
Eastern Recion : Natal; without precise locality, Gerrard, 1632!
~ Occurs also in Tropical Africa and Arabia.
7 2. F. capensis (Thunb. Diss. Fic. 13); a shrub or small cauli-
florous tree ; branchlets glabrous or softly pubescent, with pointed
more or less villous buds ; leaves ovate or ovate-elliptic, obtuse or
shortly acuminate, rounded, slightly cordate or shortly cuneate at
the base, 21-9 in. long, 1}-5 in. broad or sometimes more, usually
coarsely repand and obtusely dentate, chartaceous or thinly coria-
ceous, glabrous or softly pubescent especially on the midrib and
lateral nerves; midrib prominent below, gradually narrowed to
the apex of the blade; lateral nerves usually about 6-7 on each
side of the midrib, diverging from the midrib at an angle of about
45°, arcuate, gradually fading towards the margin and branched ;
veins rather closely reticulate below ; petiole variable, up to 3 in.
long, sulcate, glabrous or pubescent ; stipules oblong-lanceolate,
acute, villous or nearly glabrous outside, caducous ; receptacles
borne in leafless simply branched panicles on the main stem or when
shrubby towards the base of the branches; panicles up to nearly
1 ft. long, glabrous or nearly so ; peduncles 3—} in. long, glabrescent ;
receptacles obovoid or obovoid-globose, subrounded or stipitate at
the base, 3-1 in. long, with a usually prominent mammillate ostiole,
glabrous ; basal bracts whorled, 3, ovate-triangular, often slightly
hairy ; ostiole prominent, with numerous often hairy bracts
spreading transversely across the orifice ; male flowers subsessile ;
perianth hyaline, enveloping the 2 subsessile anthers; female
flowers very shortly pedicellate ; perianth-segments oblong-lanceo-
late, acute, membranous, glabrous ; achene obliquely ellipsoid,
shining ; style laterally inserted. Thunb. Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 34 ;
Mildbr. d& Burret in Engl. Jahrb. xlvi. 195, partly and excl, var.
mallatocarpa, Mildbr. & Burret, lc. 198; Sim, For. F 1. Cape
Col. 307, t. 135; Hutchinson in Prain, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. ii, 101.
F. Lichtensteinii, Link, Enum. ii. 451; Drége, Zwei Pfl. Docu-
mente, 133. F. Brassii, R. Br. in Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. v.
448. F. thonningiana, Mig. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. iii. 295.
F. capensis, var. guineensis, Mig. le. F. capensis, var. tri-
choneura, Warb. in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 153, and var. pubescens, Warb.
in De Wild. d: Durand, Relig. Dewevr. 215. F. Sycomorus, var.
prodigiosa, Welw. ex Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 1012, and var.
alnea, Hiern, and var. polybotrya, Hiern, Le. 1013 and 1014.
F. plateiocarpa, Warb. in Engl. Jahrb. xxx. 292. F. stellulata,
var. glabrescens, Warb. in Warb. & De Wild. Ficus Fi. pone. vi.
27. F. villosipes, Warb. lc. 28.. F. erubescens, Warb. Lc. 29, t. vi.
F. Munsee, Ward. lc. 29, t. xvii. F. guineensis, Stapf in Johnston,
Liberia, ii. 652. FF. kiboschensis, Warb., F. kwaiensis, Warb.,
528 MORACE# (Hutchinson). [ Ficus.
F. simbilensis, Warb., F. Matabelez, Warb., F. uwmbonigera, Warb.,
F. oblongicarpa, Warb., F. sericeogemma, Warb., F. brachypus, Wavb.,
F. grandicarpa, Warb., F. sarcipes, Warb., and F. caulocarpa, Warb.,
ex Mildb. & Burret in Engl. Jahrb. xlvi. 197-8, names only. Sycomorus
capensis, Mig. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vii. 113, ¢. iii. fig. B. Syco-
morus guineensis, Mig. in Hook. Niger Fl. 523, and in Hook. Lond.
Journ. Bot. vii. 112, t. xiv. fig. B. S. thonningiana, Mig. Afr. Vijge
Boom. 123, and in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vii, 112, t. xiv, A.
Coast Recion ; Knysna Div. ; near Stofpad, Burchell, 5294 ! Humansdorp Div. ;
Essebosch, near Zeeko River, Thunberg ; Uitenhage Diy. ; Enon, among busbes,
Drége! Springfields, Paterson, 1907 ; Albany Div. ; Blauw Krantz, in a wooded
ravine, Burchell, 3676! a large tree near the Woolwashery in Howisons Poort,
MacOwan, 2961! Howisons Poort, Salisbury, 439; East London Div.; river
banks near East London, Galpin, 3103! East London, Sim, 2223! Komgha Div. ;
along streams near Komgha, Flanagan, 767 ; Queenstown Div. ; Junction Farm,
Galpin, 8250!
KaraHari Recion: Transvaal; Houtbosch (Woodbush), Rehmann, 6487 ! 6489!
Hutchins! Magoobas Kloof, Houtboschberg Range, Burtt-Davy, 2595! 5240!
Shewass Bush, Zegat, 17! Tzaneen Estate, Zoutpansberg Range, Burtt-Davy,
5241! Medinjen Mission Station, Burtt-Davy, 5242! Target Valley, Barberton,
Thorneroft, 6616! Barberton district, Burtt-Davy, 5243! Crocodile River Valley,
Burtt-Davy, 7648! Swaziland ; Em Babaan, Burtt-Davy, 2828! 2887! 2890 !!
Eastern Recton: Natal; Durban, Krauss, 264! Pinetown, Burtt-Davy, 2387!
Maritzburg, Sim, 2162! and without precise locality, Gerrard, 1183 !
Widely spread over nearly the whole of Tropical Africa ; Cape Verde Islands.
3. F. Pretorie (Burtt-Davy in Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Afr. ii. 365,
with figures) ; a large tree; branchlets mostly short and twiggy;
glabrous and purplish when young, rarely minutely puberulous ;
leaves spreading, oblong or oblong-elliptic, rounded at the base,
mostly rather abruptly and obtusely shortly acuminate, 2-34 in.
jong, }-l} in. broad, entire, rigidly coriaceous, often somewhat
glaucous below, light-green when dry; midrib almost equally pro-
minent on both surfaces, straw-coloured, 3-1 lin. broad at the base,
. gradually tapered to the apex of the blade; lateral nerves 10-12
on each side of the midrib, equally prominent on both surfaces,
spreading at a wide angle, rather slender, looped. well within the
margin; tertiary nerves and veins strongly reticulate on both
surfaces ; petiole 4-1 in. long, glabrous ; stipules caducous, those
surrounding the terminal bud linear-lanceolate, acutely acuminate,
}-} in. long, purplish, glabrous; receptacles axillary, crowd
towards the ends of the branchlets, shortly pedunculate or sub-
sessile, glabrous, 34-4 lin. in diam., spotted, glabrous ; peduncle
up to 1 lin. long, terete, glabrous ; basal bracts 3, whorled, ovate-
orbicular, about 3 lin. broad, glabrous ; ostiole only slightly pro-
truded, with 3 or 4 broad bracts visible from the outside and
spreading across the mouth, glabrous or slightly puberulous ; inner
bracts rather fleshy, curved round into the receptacle, glabrous +
male flowers sessile ; perianth-segments 3, ovate, obtuse, slightly
fieshy, glabrous; anther solitary, sessile ; female flowers sub-
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FLORA CAPENSIS:
2 SYSTEMATIC ee OF THE PLANTS
cape COLONY, bet AND PORT NATAL
ts nips
By VARIOUS BOTANISTS.
EDITED BY
‘Sm WILLIAM T. THISELTON-DYER, K.C MG.
GLE., LL.D., D.Se., FBS.
HONORARY STUDENT OF CHRBIST CHURCH, OXFORD,
: LATE DIRECTOR ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW.
PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE GOVERNMENTS OF THE
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"LONDON:
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BLISHERS 70 or dee poeteny AND INDIAN GO
: | TA STREET, COVENT mi ee 7 ay
i a ee
~
Ficus. | MORACE (Hutchinson), 529
sessile ; achene brightly shining; style longer than the achene,
slender ; gall-flowers pedicellate. Hutchinson in Prain, Fl. Trop.
Afr. vi. ii. 116. F. salicifolia, Balfour, Bot. of Socotra, 282, not of
Vahl. F. salicifolia, Warb. in Engl. PA. Ost-Afr. C. 162, partly,
not of Vahl; Mildbr, & Burret in Engi. Jahrb. xlvi. 206, partly, not
of Vahl. F. salicifolia, var. australis, Warb. in Viertelj. Naturforsch.
Ges. Ziirich, li. 139.
Katanart Recion: Transvaal; Wonderboom Poort, near Pretoria, Miss
Leendertz, 150! Atherstone! Galpin, 6973! Burtt-Davy, 2645! 7147! 8066!
8915! Schinland, 1667! Wonderboom Farm, Burtt-Davy, 665! 2806! 2276!
Wonderfontein, Marico District, Burtt-Davy, 7549 ; Kopjies near Pretoria, Burtt-
Davy, 2750! Daspoort Road, Burtt-Davy, 2383! Mosilikatses Nek, Burtt-Davy,
7123!
Eastern Reaion: Natal; without precise locality, Gerrard, 1185! Portuguese
East Africa ; Ressano Garcia, Schlechter, 11909!
F. Pretoriz is the famous “ Wonderboom” tree of Pretoria, an account of which
was given by J. Burtt-Davy in the Trans. of the Royal Soc. of South Africa for
1912. According to him “‘the tree spreads in a peculiar manner. Some of the
branches from the centre spread out laterally in a radial direction and gradually
droop towards the ground. At a distance of about 30 ft. they come in contact
with it and send out roots from which new groups of stems arise. From these
other branches may be given off, still in the same direction, and these coming in
contact with the ground may become rooted in their turn and send up a third
group of stems. . . . The whole forms a large hemispherical mass covered with
evergreen leaves and small figs. Its diameter from N.N.E. to 8.8.W. is 1624 it.
and from E, to W, 1414 ft. Its height . . . was 67 ft.” :
A photograph of the Pretoria ‘‘ Wonderboom ”’ was presented by the late Hon.
C. Ellis to Sir William Thiselton-Dyer, who in turn presented it to the Royal
Botanic Gardens, Kew.
The species is also found in Tropical Africa and Socotra.
4. F. ingens (Miq. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. iii. 288) ; a tree
or shrub; young branchlets stout, with dull grey bark ; leaves
ovate or oblong-ovate, rounded at the apex, deeply cordate or
rounded-trancate at the base, 34-6 in. long, 24~4 in. broad, entire,
chartaceous, glabrous, slightly shining above, finely warted between
the veins below, finely reticulate on both surfaces, light glaucous-
green when dry; midrib flat above, prominent below, about { lin.
broad at the base, gradually tapered to the apex ; lateral nerves
8-9 on each side of the midrib, nearly equally prominent on both
surfaces, diverging from the midrib at a very wide angle, pro-
minently bifureate }—} in. from the margin ; tertiary nerves lax
and reticulate, very slender like the veins ; petiole 1-1} in. long,
sulcate, glabrous ; stipules deciduous, not seen ; receptacles axillary,
mostly in pairs, shortly pedunculate, globose, rounded at the base,
4-5 lin. in diam., warted when dry, glabrous or slightly pubescent ;
peduncle 1-3 lin. long, or shorter, stout, very slightly puberulous ;
_ basal bracts 2, ovate, rounded at the apex, subpersistent, coriaceous ;
ostiole closed with about 3 visible imbricate bracts spreading
horizontally across it, not conspicuous ; male flowers subsessile, with
a solitary stamen; female flowers sessile; ovary smooth ; style
_ FL. C.—VOL. V.—SECT. II. 2M
530 MORACE (Hutchinson). [ Ficus.
slender ; gall-flowers pedicellate. Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr.
191; Warb. in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 161: Hutchinson in Prain, Fl.
Trop. Afr. vi. ii. 121. Urostigma ingens, Miq. in Hook. Lond. Journ.
Bot. vi. 554. U. wanthophyllum, Mig. in Hook. l.ce. U. eaffrum, Miq.
Afr. Vijge-Boom. 31. U. xanthophyllum,.var. ovato-cordatum, Sond.
in Linnea, xxiii. 136. Ficus schimperiana, Hochst. ex A, Rich. Tent.
Fl. Abyss. ii. 266, and in Ferr. & Galin. Voy. Abyss. Atlas, t. ii.
F. xanthophylla, Steud. ex Mig. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. 554.
F. caffra, Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. iii. 288. F. pondoensis,
Warb. in Vierelj. Naturforsch. Ges. Ziirich, li. 140. F. maganjensis,
Sim, For. Fl. Port. E. Afr. 99, t. xciii. fig. B. F. cordata, Sim,
For. Fl. Cape Col. 308, t. 159, not of Thunb. F. lutea, Mildbr. &
Burret in Engl. Jahrb. xlvi. 209, not of Vahl.
Var. 8, tomentosa (Hutchinson) ; mature receptacles softly tomentose.
Sour Arrica: without precise locality, Zeyher, 1549 !
Coast Reeion: Albany Div. ; Blauw Krantz, near Grahamstown, Burtt-Davy,
7814! Alicedale Poort, Salisbury, 442; Stutterheim Div. ; Fort Cunninghame,
Sim, 2528! King Williams Town Div. ; Mount Coke, Sim, 1523! Komgha Div. ;
among rocks between Komgha and Keimouth, Flanagan, 850! var. 8; Queens-
town Div. ; Zwartkei River Valley, Junction Farm, Galpin, 8173 !
Katanart Recion: Transvaal; near Pretoria, Reimann, 4434! 4435! Miss
Leendertz, 150! Burtt-Davy, 2383 ! 7787! 14613! Magaliesberg Range, Burke !
Lydenburg district, Wilms, 1848 ! between Spitzkop and Komati River, Wilms,
1347 ! Houtbosch (Woodbush), Rehmann, 6490 ! Limpopo Valley, Hutchins, 12!
near Mbabane, Bolus, 12299! Jeppes Town Ridges, near Johannesburg, (iljllan
in Herb, Galpin, 6248! kopje above Geldenhuis Mine, Ommanney, 148! Piet
Potgieters Rust, Miss Leendertz, 1263! Komati Poort, Rogers, 2617! Majatas
Nek, Burtt-Davy, 142!
Eastern Recion: Griqualand East ; Mount Fletcher, Sim, 2407! Pondoland ;
Umsibaka, Bachmann, 425! 429! Natal ; Umgeni, Sim, 7126! Bushmans River,
Sim, 7124! Klipp River, Rehmann, 7284! Lfafa Valley, Rudatis, 1010! and
without precise locality, Cooper, 1142! Gerrard, 1857 !
Widely spread in Tropical Africa,
5. F. cordata (Thunb. Diss. Fic. 8, with figure); branches some-
~ what elongated and straight, covered with yellowish-brown pube-
rulous grooved bark ; young lateral branchlets short and twiggy,
densely and softly tomentose ; leaves ovate-elliptic or oblong-elliptic,
rounded or very slightly subcordate at the base, acutely acuminate,
1}-4} in. long, 3-2 in. broad, rigidly coriaceous, equally strongly
reticulate on both surfaces, glabrous ; midrib continued to the apex
of the leaf-blade ; lateral nerves 5-7 on each side of the midrib,
looped and much-branched well within the margin, somewhat
flexuous, equally prominent on both surfaces ; petiole }—1} in. long,
grooved when dry, glabrous ; stipules caducous, acutely acuminate,
softly tomentose; receptacles axillary, sessile or very shortly
pedunculate, mostly in pairs, slightly depressed-globose, about { in.
in diam., spotted, minutely puberulous ; basal bracts rounded, hairy
outside, about one-third as long as the receptacles ; ostiole with 2 or
3 overlapping rounded bracts visible from the outside ; male flowers
few, near the ostiolar bracts ; perianth membranous ; stamen solitary ;
female flowers subsessile, numerous; achene smooth. Thunb. Fl.
Ficus. | MORACE# (Hutchinson). 531
Cap. ed. Schult. 33; Drége, Zwei Pf. Documente, 97, 147, 148 ;
Mildbr. & Burret in Engl. Jahrb. xlvi. 207 ; Hutchinson in Prain, FI.
Trop. Afr. vi. ii. 119. Urostigma Thunbergii, Mig. in Hook. Lond.
Journ. Bot. vi. 556. Ficus glaucophylla, Desf. Tabl. 209, and Cat.
Plant. Hort. Paris, ed. 3, 346. F. tristis, Kunth et Bouché, Ind. Sem.
Hort. Berol. 1846, 19. F. atrovirens, Hort. Berol. ex Mildbr. &
Burret, l.c., name only. F. cordata, var. Marlothii, Warb. in Schinz,
Viertelj. Naturforsch. Ges. Ziirich, li. 138.
Sourn Arrica : without precise locality, Drége, 4588! Thom! Zeyher, 1551!
Coast Recion: Vanrhynsdorp Div.; Heerenlogement, Thwnberg ; between
Ebenezer and the Gift Berg, Drége, a! Attis, Pillans, 5480 ! foot of western slopes
of Gift Berg, Pearson, 5391 !°5392! Clanwilliam Div. ; between Clanwilliam and
Bosch Kloof, Drége, 9566; near Brakfontein, Ecklon & Zeyher | Worcester Div. é
pass between Hex River and Outspan of Nov. 26, Pearson, 5264! TcAlee Mountains,
Pearson, 6144 ! ‘
WESTERN Recon: Great Namaqualand ; bed of Akam River, Pearson, 4725!
Bushmanland ; below summit of ridge west of Aggenys, Pearson, 2933! Orange
River, between Abbasis and Ramans Drift, Pearson, 3103! Aus, Pearson, 4712!
Great Karasberg ; Waterfall, Alt Ravine, Pearson, 8079! Narudas Sud, Pearson,
8136! 8162! 8547! Little Namaqualand ; between Nababeep and Modderfontein,
Bolus, 9452! hills near Ookiep, Bolus, 9453! Orange River, Schlechter, 114711
Koets, Pearson, 5729! base of Rattel Poort Mountains, Pearson, 2891! Plattklip,
Pearson, 3300! 3890! 3875! Eenriet, Pearson, 3695! Kopjes South of Kamabies,
Pearson, 3959 ; tributary of Hantams River, Pearson, 4891!
Karanart Recron : Griqualand West ; Griquatown, Burchell, 1889! Bechuana-
land ; near the sources of Kuruman River, Burchell, 2487/3 ! ‘ Zululand,” Gerrard,
1185!
Meese also in Tropical South-West Africa, above Brakwater pools, Pearson,
90!
6. F. capreefolia (Del. in Ann. Sci. Nat. 2me. sér. xx. 94);
branchlets subterete, villous with whitish hairs when young, at
length becoming pubescent ; leaves often opposite or subopposite,
lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or subtruncate at the base,
acute or trifid at the apex, otherwise entire, 1}—-4 in. long, }-1} in.
broad, thinly and rigidly chartaceous, scabrous with minute tubercles
on both surfaces ; lateral nerves 5-6 on each side of the midrib, dis-
tinct on both surfaces, prominent below, arcuate, indistinctly looped
near the margin ; venation rather faint; petiole short, 14-4 lin.
long, pubescent or almost villous, with a pair of stipules at the base
of each ; stipules persistent, lanceolate, subacute, } in. long, keeled
on the back, finely puberulous on the outside, shortly ciliate, brown
when dry; receptacles axillary, solitary, pedunculate, subglobose,
contracted at the base, }-? in. in diam., scabrid-hispidulous, with-
out a definite whorl of bracts at the base; peduncle 1-} in. long,
scabrid-hispidulous, bearing 3-4 scattered ovate obtuse coriaceous
puberulous bracts about } lin. long ; ostiole broad and gaping, with
numerous imbricate bracts visible from the outside ; outer ostiolar
bracts broadly triangular, obtuse, finely puberulous on the outside,
minutely ciliate, the lower ones all descending into the receptacle,
oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, about 14 in. long, translucent, glabrous ;
male flowers numerous, long-pedicellate; pedicel stout, minutely
puberulous ; perianth-segments 4-5, unequal and an sounate in
<e 2m 2
in
532 MORACE& (Hutchinson). | Ficus.
the lower part, obtuse or truncate at the apex, membranous, gla-
brous ; stamen solitary with mostly a rudimentary female flower at
its base; female flowers in separate receptacles, very numerous,
sessile ; perianth-segments 6, linear, acute, glabrous ; achene smooth ;
style lateral, slender, longer than the achene, with a purple stigma.
Warb. in Ward. & De Wild. Fic. Fl. Cong. 36, t. xxii.; Warb.in Engl.
Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 161; Engl. & Drude, Veg. Erde, ix. 1, pt. i. 118, fig.
100; Mildbr. & Burret in Engl. Jahrb. xlvi. 202; Hutchinson in
Prain, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. ii. 107. F. tridentata, Fenzl in Flora, 1844,
311, name only. F. antithetophylla, Steud. ea Mig. in Hook. Lond.
Journ. Bot. vii. 236, t. v. B; A. Rich. Tent, Fl. Abyss. ii. 272. F.
palustris, Sim, For. Fl. Port. E. Afr. 99, partly, incl. t. xe. fig. C.
Eastern Recon: Natal, Gerrard, 1631!
Occurs also in Tropical Africa.
7. F. sansibarica (Warb. in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 171); a tree with
large spreading main branches on which are borne numerous
clusters of figs; leaves oblong or lanceolate-oblong, obtuse at both
ends, 34-54 in. long, 14-2} in. broad, entire, firmly chartaceous,
finely verrucose above, otherwise dull and glabrous on both surfaces ;
midrib slightly impressed above, prominent below, about 1 lin.
broad at the base, gradually tapered at the apex of the blade;
lateral nerves 8-9 on each side of the midrib, the lowermost pair
opposite and sharply ascending, the others diverging from the mid-
rib at a wide angle and mostly arcuate, slender, prominent below,
looped close to the margin; tertiary nerves very lax and branched,
distinct below ; veins closely reticulate and distinct on the lower
surface ; petiole 1}—2} in. long, glabrous ; stipules deciduous ; recep-
tacles borne in clusters on the old main branches, globose, {—1 in. in
diam., green when fresh, minutely puberulous, wrinkled like a plum
when dry, with a basal stipe 1} lin. long; basal bracts not seen ;
ostiole bilabiate, with no bracts visible from the outside, all descend-
ing into the receptacle; male flowers with a solitary stamen.
Mildbr. & Burret in Engl. Jahrb. xlvi. 223; Hutchinson in Prain,
Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. ii. 130. F. Langenburgii, Warb. in Engl. Jahrb.
xxx. 293. F. delagoensis, Sim, For. Fl. Port. E. Afr. 99, t. xcii.
F, libertiana, Warb. ex Mildbr. & Burret, l.c., name only.
Katanari Recon : Transvaal, without precise locality, Legat, 5873!
Eastern Recron : Delagoa Bay, Sim, 5171!
Occurs also in Eastern Tropical Africa.
8. F. polita (Vahl, Enum. ii. 182); a large tree about 50 ft.
high ; branchlets rather slender, very minutely puberulous when
young ; leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, slightly cordate or rounded at
the base, caudate-acuminate, 3-6 in. long, 2-41 in. broad, entire,
membranous or subchartaceous, glabrous and dull on both surfaces,
5-nerved at the base; midrib flat on the upper surface, prominent
below, about | Jin. broad at the base, gradually tapered to the apex
Ficus. | MORACE& (Hutchinson), 533
of the blade ; lateral nerves about 7 on each side of the midrib,
diverging from it at an angle of about 45°, slender, prominent on
both surfaces, bifurcate about }-} in. from the margin ; lowermost
pair and the pair above opposite, the others alternate or subalter-
nate; veins very close and slender, forming a delicate reticulation
below ; petiole slender, up to 4} in. long, finely sulcate, very minutely
puberulous ; stipules early deciduous, lanceolate-acuminate, 5 lin.
long, subcoriaceous, glabrous ; receptacles arranged in fascicles on
thick woody outgrowths from the old wood, pedunculate, sub-
globose, about 14 in. in diam. when dry, wrinkled like a dried plum,
glabrous or very minutely and sparingly pubescent ; peduncle 1}
in. long, | lin. thick, glabrous ; basal bracts 3, broadly triangular ;
ostiole slightly impressed, with the bracts all descending into the
receptacle ; male flowers with 3—4 lanceolate perianth-segments and
a solitary stamen; female flowers with 3 ovate-lanceolate obtuse
perianth-segments ; style long and slender with a short slightly
oblique stigma. Pers. Syn. ii. 608; Roem. & Schult. Syst. i. 499 ;
Spreng. Syst. Veg. iii. 778 ; Mildbr. & Burret in Engl. Jahrb. xlvi. 222;
Hutchinson in Prain, Fl. Trop, Afr. vi. ii. 124. Urostigma politum,
Miq. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. 553. Ficus syringifolia, Warb. in
Engl. Jahrb. xx. 170, not F. syringeefolia of Kunth & Bouche. F.
pseudo-elastica, Welw. ex Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 996. F.
niamniamensis, Warb. in Warb. & De Wild. Fic. Fl. Congo, 14, t. xx.
F. umbrosa, Sim, For. Fl. Port. E. Afr. t. Ixxxviii. ewcl. fig. of
receptacles. F. barombiensis, F. stenosiphon, F. syringoides, F pachy-
sarca, Warb. ex Mildbr. & Burret, l.c. 222-223, names only.
Eastern Recion: Natal ; Durban, Miss Franks in Herb. Wood, 128751 Burtt-
Davy, 10418! and without precise locality, Keit, 999!
Widely spread in Tropical Africa,
9. F. soldanella (Warb. in Schinz, Viertelj. Naturforsch. Ges.
Ziirich, li. 136); a much-branched more or less globose bush ;
branchlets stout, subterete, about 44 lin. in diam. near the apex,
glabrous ; leaf-scars oblong-orbicular or horse-shoe-shaped, 5-6 lin.
long, 3—4 lin. broad ; stipular scars very broad ; leaves suborbicular,
very shortly and obtusely acuminate, deeply cordate at the base,
4—64 in. long, 34-6} in. broad, entire, chartaceous or subcoriaceous,
glabrous and dull on both surfaces or sparingly pubescent below,
Q-nerved at the base; midrib slightly raised above, prominent
below, about | lin. broad at the base, gradually narrowed to and
finally reaching the apex of the blade ; lateral nerves (excluding
the basal ones) 4-5 on each side, diverging from the midrib at an
angle of 45°, prominent on both surfaces, bifureate {—} in. from the
margin ; tertiary nerves lax and wavy, somewhat prominent below ;
veins close and distinct below; petiole 14-34 in. long, narrowly
grooved on the upper surface, glabrous; stipules caducous, not
seen ; receptacles axillary, probably solitary, sessile or nearly so,
depressed, globose, with a very slightly prominent ostiole, slightly
Stipitate and slightly 7-ribbed at the base, 6-7 lin. in diam., very
534 MORACE# (Hutchinson), | Ficus.
minutely puberulous ; basal bracts 4, ovate, rounded at the apex,
about 1 lin. long and broad, coriaceous, reddish-brown when dry,
glabrous ; ostiolar bracts all descending vertically into the recep-
tacle, lanceolate, subacute, ?-14 lin. long, reddish, with rather
narrowly membranous margins, glabrous; male flowers very few
near the ostiolar bracts, shortly pedicellate ; perianth enclosing the
solitary subsessile anther ; female flowers sessile, scattered amongst
the gall flowers ; perianth-segments 4, linear, subacute, about 1 lin.
long, hyaline; achene ellipsoid; style lateral, longer than the
achene ; stigma bifid ; gall-flowers pedicellate ; pedicel stout, 14 lin.
long, glabrous; ovary as in female flowers, but with a larger
subsessile stigma; scales of the receptacle subulate, acute, ? lin.
long, with very narrowly membranous margins. Hutchinson in Prain,
Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. ii. 176. F. abutilifolia, Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot.
Lugd.-Bat. iii. 288, partly. F. picta, Sim, For. Fl. Port. E. Afr. 99,
t. xciv. fig. B. Urostigma abutilifolium, Mig. in Hook. Lond. Journ.
Bot. vi. 551, partly.
SoutH Arrica: without precise locality, Zeyher, 1548 ! 1856!
KataHart Recton: Transvaal; Magaliesberg Range, Burke, 273! Engler,
2795! Burtt-Davy, 7161! Wonderboompoort, Miss Leendertz, 449 ! Kudus Poort,
Rehmann, 4684! 4686! Crocodile River, Burtt-Davy, 225! Singerton, near —
Hector Spruit, Burtt-Davy, 8007! near Nylstroom, Burtt-Davy, 2362! Breslau,
Limpopo River, Legat, 5183 !
Occurs also in Tropical Africa.
10. F. Sonderi (Miq. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. iii. 295); a
tree 20-30 ft., with a milky juice; branchlets twiggy, very shaggy-
villous with tawny hairs when young, at length shortly pubescent ;
leaves ovate-orbicular or suborbicular, rounded at the apex, slightly
cordate at the base, 2-4 in. long, 1-31 in. broad, entire, rigidly
coriaceous, long-pilose or hirsute on both surfaces chiefly on the
midrib and lateral nerves, about 5-nerved at the base ; midrib 3 lin.
broad at the base, gradually tapered to the apex, flat above, pro-
minent and very hairy below; lateral nerves 4—5 on each side of
the midrib (excluding the basal nerves), diverging at an angle of
about 45°, arcuate, looped near the margin, distinct on both surfaces,
prominent below ; tertiary nerves much-branched, wavy, scarcely
visible above, prominent below ; petiole }—1 in. long, densely hirsute-
pilose ; stipules persistent during the flowering period, ovate-
triangular, acutely acuminate, about # in. long and } in. broad,
reddish when dry, thinly chartaceous, villous outside, glabrous and
striate within ; receptacles crowded at the ends of the young
branchlets, axillary, geminate, sessile, subglobose, slightly umbonate,
nearly } in. in diam., villous; basal bracts 2, suborbicular, about
3 lin. broad, membranous, villous with yellowish hairs outside,
glabrous within ; ostiole bilabiate, slightly projecting and a little
gaping when dry, about 1 lin. broad; bracts all descending into
the receptacle, the middle two a little larger than the others, oblong-
lanceolate, obtuse, 14 lin. long, rather fleshy, glabrous, the others
_ subacute and more membranous ; male flowers shortly pedicellate ;
~
Ficus. | MORACE& (Hutchinson). 535
perianth enveloping the solitary subsessile anther; female flowers
subsessile; perianth-segments acutely acuminate, membranous,
glabrous; achene ellipsoid, smooth ; style slender, about half as
long as the achene ; stigma oblong, thick, as long as the style ; gall-
flowers pedicellate, with obtuse perianth-segments and almost sessile
stigma ; receptacular scales } lin. long, flat, triangular, subacute.
Gibbs in Journ. Linn, Soc. xxxvii. 470; Mildbr. & Burret in Engl.
Jahrb. xlvi, 262; Hutchinson in Prain, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. ii. 169.
Sycamorus hirsuta, Sond. in Linnea, xxxiii. 137, Fieus Rehmanni,
Warb. in Schinz, Viertelj. Naturforsch. Ges. Ziirich, li. 136. F. Reh-
mannii, vars. ovatifolia and villosa, Warb. l.c. F. montana, Sim, For.
Fil. Port. E. Afr. 101, t. xev. A. F. glumosa, Mildbr. & Burret in
Engl, Jahrb. xvi. 217, partly, not of Delile. F. Engleri, Warb. ex
Mildbr. & Burret, lc. 219, name only. F. Kitaba, De Wild. in Bull.
Soc. Bot. Belg. li, 215.
Katanart Region: Transvaal; Target Valley, Barberton, Thorncroft, 6611!
6614! 6615! Houtbosh, Rehmann, 6486! between White River and Nelspruit,
Burtt- Davy, 1515! Mooi Drift, Leendertz, 2117 ! between Nylstroom and Springbok
Flats, Burtt-Davy, 1726! near Nylstroom, Burtt-Davy, 2091! Warmbath, Burtt-
Davy, 2349 |
EasteERN Recion: Natal; Durban, (ueinzius, 415! Inanda, Wood, 1361!
Inchanga, Sim, 7127! Engler, 2670! Camperdown, Rehmann, 7711! Zululand ;
Port Durnford, Sim, 7129! and without precise locality, Gerrard, 1577!
Occurs also in Rhodesia and East Africa.
11, F. Nekbudu (Warb. in Warb. & De Wild. Fic. Fl. Congo, 6,
t. iv.); a huge forest tree; young branchlets stout, at first
adpressed-pubescent, at length glabrous ; leaves spreading horizon-
tally, elliptic or obovate-elliptic, rounded at both ends or rarely
slightly cordate at the base, 6-15 in. long, 34-8 in. broad, entire,
coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces ; Jateral nerves about 6 on
each side of the midrib, spreading from it at a wide angle, prominent
below, looped within the margin ; tertiary nerves rather lax, forming
with the veins a close network below ; petiole stout, 3-6 in. long,
covered with a flaky epidermis; stipules caducous; receptacles
axillary, sessile, paired, about }—} in. in diam., at first woolly-pilose,
at length adpressed-pilose ; basal bracts densely villous outside ;
ostiole small, pore-like, with the bracts all descending into the
receptacle ; male flowers with a single stamen. Mildbr. & Burret in
Engl. Jahrb. xivi. 239; Hutchinson in Prain, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. ii.
180. F. utilis, Sim, For. Fl. Port. E. Afr. 100, t. xci.
Eastern Recton: Natal; Durban, Burtt-Davy, 2420! and in Herb. Wood,
12851! Delagoa Bay ; Lorenzo Marques, Sim, 6125! Burtt-Davy, 10556!
F. Nekbudu is grown as a street tree in Durban. It is also grown in the Royal
Botanic Garden and at the Sierres Coloniales, Brussels, where specimens were seen
in 1913. A specimen of what seems to be the same species in the Kew Herbarium
labelled ‘‘ from Grahamstown” was cultivated in the Royal Botanic Gardens,
Kew, in 1876. ae
According to Sim the plant described by him under the name F. utilis occurs
throughout Portuguese East Africa; I have compared his type specimen, 6125,
from ceed Mecrcuss with the type of F. Nekbudu from the Congo and they
Seem to be identical. Sim states that his plant is the source of all the native
_ Cloth in the M’Chopes district.
536 MORACE (Hutchinson). [ Ficus.
12. F. Stuhlmannii (Warb. in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 161) ; a tree about
30 ft. high ; stem about 2 ft. in thickness ; branchlets fairly stout,
ribbed, pilose with whitish or slightly fuscous hairs especially when
young ; leaves oblong, rounded at the apex, cordate at the base,
3-54 in. long, 11-23 in. broad, entire, rigidly chartaceous or sub-
coriaceous, thinly pubescent especially near the midrib and with
slightly impressed venation on the upper surface, softly tomentose
or densely pubescent below ; lateral nerves 4—5 on each side of the
midrib, diverging from it at an angle of 45°, nearly straight, looped
some distance from the margin, prominent below ; tertiary nerves
few, forming with the veins a close prominent venation below ;
petiole 3-14 in. long, stout, grooved above, otherwise subterete,
softly pubescent ; stipules deciduous, those surrounding the terminal
bud: more or less lanceolate, adpressed villous outside, glabrescent
towards the margin ; receptacles axillary, probably solitary, sessile,
globose, 4} in. in diam. or slightly more, densely tomentose ; basal
bracts connate at the base, adpressed villous outside, glabrous
within ; ostiole bilabiate, glabrous, scarcely produced, about 4 lin.
wide ; bracts all descending into the receptacle, the middle two
broader and more fleshy than the others, oblong, 1} lin. long,
glabrous, the others lanceolate, acute, 1 lin. long or less; male
flowers shortly pedicellate ; perianth enclosing the solitary anther ;
anther-cells slightly superimposed ; female flowers sessile ; perianth-
segments 3, ovate-lanceolate, acutely acuminate, glabrous ; achene
ovoid-globose, smooth ; style nearly as long as the achene, with a
rather broad flattened stigma ; gall-flowers long-pedicellate, with a
short style; receptacular scales lanceolate, acute, membranous.
Mildbr. & Burret in Engl. Jahrb. x\vi. 220, partly ; Hutchinson in
Prain, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. ii. 170. F. howardiana, Sim, For. Fl. Port.
E. Afr. 100, ¢. xcii. A. F. Homblei, De Wild. in Fedde, Repert.
xii. 195, and in Bull. Soc, Bot, Belg. lii. 212.
Katanart Recion: Transvaal; on the Lebombo Flats, Burtt-Davy, 10496!
ee Zoutpansberg, Menne, 3043! Nelspruit Hotel, Barberton, Burtt-Davy,
Eastern Reeion : Lorenzo Marques, Sim, 6368 !
Occurs also in Tropical Africa.
_13. F. craterostoma (Warb. ex Mildbr. & Burret in Engl. Jahrb.
xlvi. 247 partly); a shrub or small tree; branchlets slender,
glabrous ; leaves obovate or triangular-obovate, truncate at the
apex, shortly cuneate at the base, more or less rounded in the upper
half, 14-2} in. long, 3-1? in. broad, entire, thinly coriaceous,
glabrous ; midrib prominent and straw-coloured below, divided about
qin. below the apex ; lateral nerves about 7 on each side of the mid-
rib, diverging from it at an angle of 45°, distinct on both surfaces,
rather slender, but prominent below ; veins prominent ; petiole }—}
in. long, smooth; stipules persistent or subpersistent ; receptacles
axillary, sessile, subglobose, about 4 lin. in diam., glabrous ; basal
bracts puberulous outside ; ostiole large and gaping, smooth ; bracts
Ficus. | MORACE (Hutchinson). 537
few, all descending into the receptacle, glabrous ; male flowers with
a solitary stamen. Hutchinson in Prain, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. ii. 160.
F. natalensis, Sim, For. Fl. Cape Col. 307, ¢. 136? not of Hochst.
Coast Recion : Komgha Div. : in Gwenkala woods, near Komgha, Flanagan,
679! and in Herb, Bolus, 1312!
Katanart Recion: Transvaal; Houtbosch Berg, Nelson, 435! Potatabosch,
Burtt-Davy, 1202! Woodbush forests, Legat, 6724! Dumisa Station, Rudatis,
1095!
Eastern Recron : Transkei; Kentani districts, Miss Pegler, 1126! Pondoland ;
Port St. John, Sim, 2406! Natal ; Durban, Sim, 7125! Umgaye, Rudatis, 1095 !
and without precise locality, Gerrard, 1184!
Occurs also in Tropical Africa.
14. F. Petersii (Warb. in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 164); a tree up to
60 ft. high; young branchlets crisped-pubescent, at length nearly
glabrous, ribbed when dry ; leaves oblanceolate, elliptic-oblanceolate
or obovate-lanceolate, narrowed to an obtuse base or rarely rounded
to the base, very shortly and obtusely pointed, 13-3} in. long,
3-1} in. broad, thinly but rather rigidly chartaceous, glabrous on
both surfaces ; lateral nerves 6-8 on each side of the midrib, slightly
arcuate, conspicuous on both surfaces, but more prominent below,
looped within the margin ; tertiary nerves and veins lax and nearly »
as prominent below as the lateral nerves ; petiole up to 2 in. long,
slender, glabrous ; stipules caducous; receptacles axillary, mostly
paired, quite sessile, ovoid, brown, tomentose when mature, about
4} lin. long and 34 lin. in diam., with a conspicuous pore-like
ostiole ; basal bracts small and deciduous; bracts of the ostiole
descending vertically into the receptacle, glabrous ; male flowers
with a membranous glabrous perianth and a solitary stamen.
Mildbr. & Burret in Engl. Jahrb. xlvi. 258 ; Hutchinson in Prain, Fl.
Trop. Afr. vi. ii. 182. F. ruficeps, Warb. in Engl. Jahrb, xxx. 294.
EF. Galpinii, Warb. in Viertelj. Naturforsch. Ges. Ziirich, li. 140.
F. Dinteri, Warb. lec. 141. F. schinziana, Warb. lc. 143.
Katanari Recion : Transvaal; between Spitzkop and the Komati River, Wilms,
1345! near Barberton, Pole Evans, 2962! Thorncroft, 5131! Burtt-Davy, sory
Rimers Creek, Thorncroft, 10! Target Valley, Thorncroft, 6617! Buffels Road,
Burtt-Davy, 5218! Sandfontein, Weber, 6609 ! :
Miwieas remem : Natal : Durban Botanic Gardens, Burtt-Davy in Herb. Wood,
12839! Albert Park, Burtt-Davy in Herb. Wood, 12838! 12849!
Occurs also in Tropical Africa.
15. F. Burkei (Miq. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. iii. 289) ; a
_ tree; young branchlets shortly pubescent or almost tomentose ;
leaves elliptic or elliptic-oblanceolate, rounded or slightly and
obtusely pointed at the apex, rounded at or slightly narrowed to an
obtuse base, 14-44 in. long, 3-2 in. broad, rigidly chartaceous,
glabrous and dull on both surfaces, sometimes finely pustulate above ;
lateral nerves 6-8 on each side of the midrib, straight or curved,
looped within the margin, distinct on both surfaces, more prominent
538 MORACE& (Hutchinson). [ Fiews.
below ; tertiary nerves and veins usually nearly as prominent as
the principal lateral ones, more or less straw-coloured ; petiole up
to 1} in. long, glabrous ; stipules caducous ; receptacles axillary,
paired or solitary, pedunculate, globose or ovoid-globoese, 4-5 lin.
long, brownish, pubescent when dry, sometimes woolly-pubescent ;
peduncle 1-2} lin. long, shortly pubescent ; basal bracts cadu-
cous, pubescent; ostiole pore-like, protruded, with the bracts
descending vertically into the receptacle, glabrous; male flowers
with a membranous glabrous perianth and a single stamen ; female
flower sessile ; style slender ; gall-flowers staked. Mildbr. d& Burret
in Engl. Jahrb. xliv. 262; Hutchinson in Prain, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. i.
202. F. Erici-Rosenii, R. E. Fries in Wiss. Ergeb. Schwed. Rhod.-
Kongo-Exped. i. 15, fig. 1. Urostigma Burkei, Mig. in Hook. Lond.
Journ. Bot. vi. 555.
Katanart Recion: Transvaal ; Macalisberg Range, Burke! near the Won-
derboom, Burtt-Davy, 2652! 7154! Wonderboom Poort, Miss Leendertz,
625! Kelly’s Store, Buffels, Burtt-Davy, 2860! between the Oliphants and Steel-
poort Rivers, Transvaal Estate & Develop. Co.! Woodbush, Hutchins | Modjajie
Mountain, Burtt-Davy, 2646! near Nyistroom, Burtt-Davy, 2088! between
Tzaneen and Medenjer, Burtt-Davy, 5249!
Occurs also in South Tropical Africa.
16. F. depauperata (Sim, For. Fl. Port. E. Afr. 98, t. xc. fig. B.) ;
branchlets twiggy, slender, very minutely puberulous ; leaves oblan-
ceolate, rounded at the apex, gradually narrowed to the base, 1-1}
in. long, 4—7 lin. broad, entire, thinly chartaceous, glabrous and dull
on both surfaces ; midrib slightly prominent on both surfaces, not
continued quite to the apex of the blade ; lateral nerves about 5 on
each side of the midrib, visible on the upper surface, very numerous
and more or less flabellate below, prominent ; petiole slender, 2-3
lin. long, glabrous ; stipules early deciduous ; receptacles in axillary
pairs, pedunculate, globose, 2 lin. in diam., laxly reticulate when
dry, glabrous ; peduncle 1-14 lin. long, slender, softly puberulous ;
basal bracts 3, persistent, broadly ovate, rounded at the apex, 4 lin.
long, coriaceous, minutely puberulous outside ; ostiole depressed,
wrinkled outside, bilabiate ; bracts all descending, the two next to
the ostiole longer than the others, linear, the others subulate,
glabrous; male flowers small, sessile ; perianth-segments reddish,
with membranous margins; anther solitary, subsessile; female
flowers slightly larger than the male; style scarcely exserted,
several stigmas often cohering. Hutchinson in Prain, Fl. Trop. Afr.
vi. ii. 204.
_ Eastern Region : Delagoa Bay ; Lorenzo Marques, Sim, 5031!
Occurs also in Eastern Tropical Africa.
e 17, F. natalensis (Hochst. in Flora, 1845, 88) ; a shrub or small
/ tree; branchlets covered with greyish glabrous bark; leaves
_ oblanceolate or obovate-oblanceolate, obtusely pointed or rounded
at the apex, narrowed to the base, 13-31 in. long, }—1} in. broad,
Ficus. | MORACE& (Hutchinson). 539
entire, chartaceous, glabrous and dull on both surfaces ; midrib flat
above, prominent below, gradually tapered to the apex of the blade ;
lateral nerves 8-9 on each side of the midrib, diverging from it at
an angle of 45° or less, looped near the margin, prominent but rather
slender below ; tertiary nerves only slightly less prominent than the
lateral and parallel with them ; petiole comparatively short, J—I in.
long, glabrous ; stipules caducous, linear-lanceolate, acuminate,
about 2 lin. long, coriaceous, glabrous ; receptacles axillary, mostly
in pairs, pedunculate, obovoid-globose, stipitate at the base, about
2 in. long, with a very large smooth ostiolar prominence, the rest
wrinkling when dry like a dried plum ; peduncle 2-34 lin. long,
rather slender, glabrous; basal bracts early caducous, leaving
behind the small persistent unilateral base, glabrous; ostiole small
and pore-like ; bracts few, all descending into the receptacle,
glabrous ; male flowers with a solitary stamen; female flowers
sessile, gall ones stalked. F. columbarum, Hochst. l.c., name only.
F. Volkensii, Warb. in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 167 ; Hiern in Cat. Afr, Pl.
Welw. i. 1007 ; Mildbr. & Burret in Engl. Jahrb, xlvi. 249 ; Hutchin-
son in Prain, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. ii. 208. F. Durbanii, Warb. in
Viertelj. Naturforsch. Ges. Ziirich, li. 142. F. chrysocerasus, Welw.
ex Warb. in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 167; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i.
1005. F. Dekdekena, Mildbr. & Burret, l.c. 255, partly, not of A.
Rich. F. natalensis, var. pedunculata, Sim, For. Fl. Port. E. Afr.
98, t. xe. fig. A.
Eastern Recon : Natal; near Durban, Krauss, 254! 276! 288! Plant! Albert
Park, Burtt-Davy in Herb. Wood, 12846! 12847! 12848! 12878! Lorenzo
Marques, Sim, 5729! :
Widely distributed in Tropical Africa.
18. F. gurichiana (Engl. in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 130); spreading
habit ; branches sulcate, covered with yellowish glabrous deciduous
bark ; leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, rounded at the apex,
obtuse or rounded and sometimes almost subcordate at the base,
1}-4 in. long, J-1} in. broad, entire, chartaceous, with a narrowly
cartilaginous margin, finely reticulate and glabrous on both sur-
faces ; midrib flat above, prominent below, about } lin. broad at the
base, bifurcate near the apex; lateral nerves 9-12 on each side, at
an angle of about 70°, slender, looped and branched some distance
from the margin, sometimes slightly impressed, but more often
raised above ; petiole 1-3 in. long, about 3 lin. thick, narrowly
grooved on the upper surface, glabrous, straw-coloured or reddish
when dry; stipules deciduous ; receptacles solitary or geminate,
axillary, pedunculate, subglobose, about 3 lin. in diam., with a
gaping slightly prominent ostiole, minutely puberulous ; “seeenges
2 lin. long or less, glabrous or minutely puberulous ; basal bracts 2
(or 32), ovate, obtuse, } lin. long, glabrous, deciduous ; ostiolar
bracts all pointing straight into the receptacle, the middle two
_ Ssubulate from an ovate base, fleshy, 1 lin. long, the remainder
_ Subulate or linear-subulate, 2 lin. long, membranous ; male flowers
540 MORACE& (Hutchinson). | Ficus.
with 3 perianth-segments and a solitary stamen ; achene subglobose ;
style nearly twice the length of the achene. Mildbr. & Burret in
Engl. Jahrb. xlvi. 246 ; Hutchinson in Prain, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. ii. 211.
Coast Reaction: Clanwilliam Div. ; Annenous, Pearsen, 5980!
WesterN Recion: Bushmanland; Rietfontein, Pearson, 3447! 3448! Little
Namaqualand ; near summit of Rattel Poort Mountain, Pearson, 2986! south of
Tweefontein, Pearson, 3785! south of Kamabies, Pearson, 3957 | Modderfontein,
Pearson, 5962! TcAlee Mountains, Pearson, 6165! 6148! 6135! between Nieuwe
Rust and Bitterfontein, Pearson, 5545! and without precise locality, Bolus,
9454! Brakwater pools, Pearson, 6078!
Occurs also in Angola.
19. F. Burtt-Davyi (Hutchinson in Kew Bulletin, 1916, 232); a
shrub or small tree, sometimes scrambling over rocks; branches
covered with grey bark; young branchlets minutely and softly
puberulous ; leaves elliptic or oblong-elliptic, rounded at both ends
or very slightly pointed at the apex, 141-24 in. long, 4-1} in. broad,
thinly chartaceous, glabrous on both surfaces; midrib continued to
the apex of the leaf-blade, fairly prominent below ; Jateral nerves
about 5 on each side of the midrib, much branched and reticulate
well within the margin, distinct, but very slightly prominent below ;
veins forming a fine close delicate network on the lower surface ;
petiole about a quarter the length of the leaves, glabrous ; stipules
caducous, acuminate, those towards the tips of the young shoots up
to 1} in. long, submembranous, reddish-brown and glabrous when
dry ; receptacles axillary, mostly in pairs, pedunculate, subglobose,
1
}-} in. in diam., minutely puberulous or almost glabrous ; peduncle
1-3 lin. long, puberulous ; basal bracts submembranous, connate at
the base, finely puberulous ; ostiole gaping and pore-like, with none
of the bracts visible from outside, but all descending abruptly into
the receptacle; male flowers with membranous perianths and a
single stamen. JF’. natalensis, Mildbr. & Burret in Engl. Jahrb. xvi.
255, not of Hochst.
Coast Recon: Riversdale Div. ; near Gauritz River Bridge, (Galpin, 4579!
Knysna Div. ; in the forest near the quarry at Knysna, Burchell, 5412! Uitenhage
Div. ; near Enon, Drégea! Port Elizabeth Div. ; near the burying ground at
Port Elizabeth, Burchell, 4306! Port Elizabeth Valley, Paterson! Krakakamma,
Zeyher, 557! Bathurst Div. ; between Riet Fontein and the sea shore, Burchell,
4112! between Port Alfred and Kaffir Drift, Burchell, 3851! Queenstown Div. ;
Zwart Kei River, Junction Farm, Galpin, 8172! Glen Grey Div. ; White Kei
Falls, Galpin, 2507! Albany Div. ; on the rocks of Zwartwarter Poort, Burchell,
3411! Kowie West, Burtt-Dary, 7954! Howison’s Poort, Salisbury, 440a! Alice-
dale Poort, Salisbury, 440! East London Div. ; “Cove Rock,” Galpin, 3104!
tT Div. ; in woods near Komgha, Flanagan in MacOwan Herb. Austr.-Afr.
_ CentTRaL Recion : Graaff Reinet Div. ; mountains near Graaff Reinet, 4200 ft.,
Bolus, 711! . A
__ Eastern Recion: Transkei; Kentani forests, Miss Pegler, 1125! 1342! Natal ;
Durban, Cooper, 3159! Burtt-Davy in Herb. Wood, 12845! 12874! Maritzburg.
‘Sa FST Dies Bia Bae LT Ok witht tmelnn lorality,
| Sanderson's eS ae 2 te = an out pr :
Ficus. | _ MORACE# (Hutchinson). 541
This species has been confused with F. natalensis, Hochst., from which it may
be readily distinguished by the rounded (not stipitate) base of the receptacle, the
smaller ostiole, and the differently shaped leaves with their delicate reticulation.
Imperfectly known species.
20. F. ilicina (Sond. ex Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. iii.
289); a tree; branches and branchlets thick, grooved-angular,
yellowish ; leaves moderately petiolate, oblong, very obtuse, sub-
angular or obtuse at the base, 34-4 in. long, 1} in. broad, entire,
coriaceous, pale, smooth above, reticulate below with 5—8 nerves ;
petiole thick, 1~} in. long; stipules ovate, acute, convolute 3 recep-
tacles not known. Urostigma ilicinum, Sond. in Linnzea, xxiii. 136.
WEsTERN ReoGion: Little Namaqualand; Kamiesberg, Ecklon & Zeyher, 4;
rocky places near Kammapus, Zeyher, 3869.
An imperfectly known species the types of which appear to have been lost.
OrDER CXXII. B. URTICACE.
(By N. E. Brown.)
Flowers unisexual, the sexes on the same or on different plants.
Perianth 2-5-lobed or -partite, or urceolate or tubular and toothed
at the apex, or bract-like and tubular below, obliquely open and
entire or obscurely 3-lobed above, or absent from the female flowers.
Stamens 1-5, absent or rudimentary or scale-like in the female
flowers ; anthers inflexed in bud. Ovary superior or (in Droguetia)
adherent to or closely invested by the perianth, rudimentary,
abortive or absent in the male flowers, 1-celled ; style or stigma ter-
minal, sometimes oblique ; ovule solitary, basal, erect. Fruit a dry
achene or fleshy or pulpy, naked or enclosed in or adnate to the
more or less enlarged perianth. Seed solitary, erect, with a thin
testa, albuminous or exalbuminous ; embryo straight.
Annual or perennial herbs, shrubs or trees, sometimes armed with stinging hairs,
with watery juice; leaves alternate or opposite, stipulate ; flowers in sessile or
pedunculate clusters, or heads, spikes, panicles, cymes or rarely solitary.
Distris, Genera 41, species about 530, distributed throughout the temperate
and tropical regions,
*Plants armed with stinging hairs. :
I. Urtica.—Leaves opposite. Flower-apikes two in each leaf-axil. Stigmaa
sessile mop-like tuft of hairs.
— te. Cymes, panicles or racemosely branched
e a aie aiaes, tepals loaf-axil. fr ai linear-filiform or lanceo-
la
IL. Pinks: cles alternate. Cymes or panicles solitary in each leaf-axil.
. Stigma a sessile head- or mop-like tuft of hairs.
542 URTICACE& (Brown).
**Plants without stinging hairs.
+Flowers ail free, none enclosed in an involucre.
IV. Pilea.—Leaves opposite. Perianth of 2-4 free segments in both sexes.
Stamens 2-4, represented by scales or rudiments in the female flowers.
Stigma a sessile head- or mop-like tuft of hairs.
V. Pouzolzia.—Leaves alternate. Perianth of the male flowers 3-5-lobed,
of the female flask-shaped and 2-4-toothed at the contracted mouth.
Stamens 3-5, not represented in the female flowers. Stigma
filiform.
VI. Australina.—JZeaves alternate. Perianth of the male flowers bract-like,
tubular below, obliquely open above, of the female so closely
investing or adnate to the ovary that it appears absent. Stamen 1.
+tSeveral male and 1-3 female flowers enclosed in an obconic or hemispheric
involucre, and some female flowers solitary in a 2-lobed or flask-
shaped involucre. Male flowers with a bract-like perianth, tubular
below, obliquely open and flattish or concave above. Stamen 1,
Female flowers without a perianth.
VII. Forskohlea.—Zeaves alternate. Bisexual involucres conspicuously 4-7-
lobed ; lobes much longer than the flowers.
VIII. Droguetia.— Leaves alternate or opposite. Bisexual involucres inconspicu-
ous, shortly toothed ; teeth much shorter than the flowers. .-.,
I. URTICA, Linn.
Flowers unisexual, both sexes on the same or on different plants.
Perianth-segments 4, equal and concave in the male, very unequal,
flat.and becoming enlarged and adpressed to the fruit in the female
flowers. Stamens 4, inflexed in bud, absent from the female flowers.
Ovary superior, straight, erect, l-celled, with 1 erect ovule ; in the
male flowers very rudimentary and cup-shaped; stigma sessile or
rarely on a short style, formed of a small tuft of hair-like papille,
deciduous or persistent. Fruit a compressed achene, ovate, smooth
or very minutely tuberculate.
Annual or perennial herbs, armed with stinging hairs ; leaves opposite, petiolate,
stipulate ; flower-spikes in pairs in the axils of the leaves, unisexual or bisexual,
simple or branched ; flowers in small dense clusters crowded along the spikes.
Distris. Species about 40, widely distributed.
Teeth of the leaves as broad as or broader than long,
entire ; achenes $ lin. long, smooth, whitish-ochreous (1) dioica.
Teeth of the leaves longer than broad, entire or lobed ;
achenes nearly or quite 1 lin. long :
Blade of the leaf 3-24 in. long ; achenes smooth, light
ochraceous... ons aah fe cay .-. (2) urens.
Blade of the leaf 2-8 in. long:
Dried petioles $3 lin. thick ; teeth entire ; achenes
brown, dotted with dark red-brown, scarcely s
tuberculate... os us oa wee ... (3) Burchellii,
Dried petioles 1 lin. thick; teeth usually lobed ;
__ achenes brown, minutely tuberculate ... —_,.. (4) lobulata.
Urtica. | URTICACEZ (Brown). 543
1. U. dioica (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 984); perennial, unisexual or
with male flowers at the lower part and female at the upper part of
the same stem, or intermingled on the same spike, all parts of the
plant armed with stinging hairs ; stems 13-3 ft. high, erect, herba-
ceous, 4-angled ; leaves opposite ; petiole 1-14 in. long; blade 14-5
in. long, }—-3 in. broad, ovate or elongated ovate-lanceolate, acute or
acuminate, rounded to cordate at the base, serrate-dentate with
teeth 3-2 lin. long, glabrous or puberulous on one or both sides
besides the stinging hairs, which are not numerous on the upper
surface ; flower-spikes in pairs, axillary, much shorter than the
leaves, branched ; sepals of the male flowers equal, ? lin. long,
elliptic, obtuse, very minutely puberulous outside; fruiting sepals
of the female flower unequal, the 2 larger 2 lin. long, twice as
long as the smaller pair, adpressed to the flattened achene and en-
closing it, minutely puberulous outside; achenes } lin. long, com-
pressed, ovate, smooth, whitish-ochreous. U. dioica, var. capensis,
Wedd. Monogr. Urtic. 78. U. eckloniana, Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-
Bat. ii. 142. U. dioica, var. eckloniana, Wedd. in DC. Prodr.
Xvi. 1. 61,
Coast Reaion: Albany Div. ; near the Fish River, Miss Bowker, 11! Queens-
town Div.; by the Zwartkei River, Drége, 8244! Baur, 972! 1137! Bongolo
Poort, Galpin, 2038 !
CENTRAL Reaion : Somerset Div. ; near Somerset East, Bowker! Graaff Reinet
Div. ; near Graaff Reinet, Bolus, 692! Molteno Div. ; Broughton, naar Molteno,
Flanagan, 1637! Aliwal North Div. ; by the Orange River, Burke!
Katanart Recton: Orange Free State, by the Caledon River, Burke, 306!
A widely distributed weed of cultivation.
2. U. urens (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 984); annual, bisexual, 10-15
in. high, all parts armed with stinging hairs; stem herbaceous,
4-angled, simple or branched ; leaves opposite ; petiole 1} in. long,
blade 24 in. long, }—1} in. broad, ovate or elliptic, obtuse or acute,
rounded or subcordate at the base, deeply serrate, with deltoid-
lanceolate acute entire or lobed teeth 14-3 lin. long, glabrous on
both sides, except for the stinging hairs ; stipules free, about 1 lin.
long, lanceolate, acute ; flower-spikes in pairs in each leaf-axil, simple,
usually shorter than the petioles, bearing male and female flowers
intermingled ; sepals of the male flowers equal, } lin. long, ovate-
lanceolate, acute or subacute, very membranous ; fruiting sepals of
the female flower unequal, the larger }-1 lin. long, broadly ovate,
obtuse, enclosing the fruit and three times as long as the smaller
pair, ciliate and often with a stinging hair on the back, otherwise
glabrous; achenes almost 1 lin. long, compressed, ovate, smooth,
shining, dirty ochreous. Wedd. Monogr. Urtic. 58, t. 1, C. figs. 13,
14, and in DC. Prodr. xvi. i. 40.
Coast Region: Cape Div. ; Rondebosch, Milne! Queenstown Div. ; Shiloh,
Baur, 1138!
Cenrrat Recion: Ceres Div. ; Leeuwfontein, 2200 ft., Pearson, 3205! :
Eastern Region: Natal ; near Durban, Mrs. Stainbank in Herb, Wood, 3145
A widely distributed weed of cultivation.
O44 URTICACE (Brown). | Urtiea.
3. U. Burchellii (N.E. Br.); root not seen; herbaceous, ap-
parently 2 ft. or more high, armed with stinging hairs on all parts,
but very sparingly on the upper surface of the leaves and flower-
spikes ; leaves opposite ; petiole 1-4 in. long, slender, }—3 lin. thick ;
blade 2-5 in. long, 14-44 in. broad, broadly ovate, acute, slightly
notched at the broadly-rounded base, coarsely toothed ; teeth 25-4
lin. long, deltoid, acute, entire ; upper surface glabrous or thinly
sprinkled with hairs; under surface pubescent with very fine spread-
ing hairs, besides the stings ; flower-spikes in pairs, axillary, much
shorter than the leaves, unbranched, unisexual or with male and
female flowers intermingled ; sepals of the male flowers }—3 lin. long,
elliptic, obtuse, concave, all glabrous or one of them with a stinging
hair on the back; fruiting sepals of the female flowers very un-
equal, the larger 14-1? lin. long and nearly 1 lin. broad, elliptic,
obtuse, very scantily pubescent and armed with about 3 stinging
hairs along the midrib on the back ; the smaller about } lin. long,
oblong or ovate-oblong ; achenes 1 lin. long, ovate, brown, covered
with very minute dark red-brown slightly raised dots, but scarcely
forming tubercles.
Coast Recion: Uitenhage Div. ; without precise locality, Zeyher! Bathurst
Div. ; near Barville Park, Burchell, 4092!
4. U. lobulata (E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 48, 56,
58, 60, 68, and ex Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. ii. 143); perennial, all
parts rather densely armed with stinging hairs ; stems probably 2 ft.
or more high, herbaceous, 4-angled ; leaves opposite ; petiole 1-44 in.
long ; blade 2-8 in. long, 2-7 in. broad, broadly ovate or reniform-
ovate, acute or abruptly acuminate, more or less cordate at the
base, rather deeply lobed at the margin, with the lobes 5-11 lin.
long and 3-5-toothed, or occasionally nearly or quite entire, the
terminal tooth being longer than the lateral teeth, both sides thickly
armed with stinging hairs, puberulous beneath and thinly pubescent
above or glabrous on both sides, minutely ciliate ; flower-spikes in
pairs in the axils of the leaves and much shorter than them,
branched, with male and female flowers intermingled or the upper
spikes female; sepals of the male flowers equal, 3—1 lin. long,
elliptic-oblong, obtuse, two of them with a stinging hair on the
back, otherwise glabrous ; fruiting sepals of the female flowers very
unequal, the two larger 1-1} lin. long, ovate-oblong or elliptic,
obtuse, nearly three times as long as the narrow lateral sepals and
enclosing the achene, armed and glabrous as in the male flowers ;
achenes nearly 1 lin. long, compressed, ovate, very minutely tuber-
culate, brown, shining. Wedd. Monogr. Urtic. 84. U. lobata, FE.
Meyer ex Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. ii. 144. U. Meyeri, Wedd.
Monogr. Urtic. 64, and in DC. Prodr. xvi. i. 44.
Coast Region: Queenstown Div. ; Table Mountain, 6000-7000 ft., Drége.
WEsTERN Rucion: Little Namaqualand ; near Lily Fontein, Drége !
CrentraL Recion: Graaff Reinet Div.; on the sides of Cave Mountain, near
Urtica. | URTICACE (Brown). 545
Graaff Reinet, 4300 ft., Bolus, 699! near Graaff Reinet, 3000-4000 ft., Drége!
Sneuwberg Range, 4000-5000 ft. Drége! Beaufort West Div. ; between Zak River
Poort and Leeuwenfontein, 3000-4000 ft., Drége! Molteno Div. ; Broughton, near
Molteno, Flanagan, 1638 !
IJ. FLEURYA, Gaud.
Flowers unisexual, both sexes on the same or on different plants,
Perianth-segments in the male flower 4-5, equal; in the female
flower 4, very unequal, the upper one hooded or concave and the
lower flattened, both minute and very inconspicuous, the two
lateral much larger, flat, adpressed to the ovary and achene, becom-
ing enlarged in fruit, thin or submembranous. Stamens 4_5,
absent from the female flowers. Ovary superior, at first nearly
straight, soon becoming oblique, l-celled, with 1 suberect or
oblique ovule; in the male flowers rudimentary; stigma linear-
filiform or lanceolate. Fruit a compressed achene, oblique.
Annual or perennial herbs, armed with stinging hairs ; leaves alternate, petiolate,
stipulate; stipules connate, bifid at the apex; panicles, cymes or racemosely
branched peduncles axillary or subterminal, solitary, shorter than the leaves ;
flowers in small dense scattered clusters.
Distrip, Species about 13, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical
regions.
The genus Laportea should, in my opinion, be united with Fleurya. _ The only
distinction between them is that Fleurya has a tuberculate area on the sides of its
achenes, whilst in Zaportea the achenes are smooth, but this character breaks
down, as in some species of Flewrya the area is smooth and in others altogether
evanescent, :
Leaves with 5-8 large teeth on each side... aes --. C1) grossa.
Leaves with 9-50 small teeth on each side:
Flowers in small dense globular clusters; male flowers
sessile and 5-partite, female’ on narrowly winged se
pedicels scarcely enlarged in fruit... oe --- (2) mitis.
Flowers not in dense globular clusters; male flowers
on slender pedicels and 4-partite, female on broadly
winged cuneately obcordate pedicels very much :
enlarged in fruit... sve rie vs ..- (3) alatipes.
1, F. grossa (Wedd. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 4™° sér. i. 183); a herb,
apparently 2 ft. or more high, armed with stinging hairs on the
petioles and veins on the underside of the leaves, unarmed on the
stem and inflorescence, otherwise glabrous in all parts; leaves
alternate ; petiole 3-3 in. long; blade 1—5 in. long, }-3? in. broad,
ovate, acuminate, cuneately subtruncate at the base, very coarsely
toothed, green, marked with rather large white spots ; teeth 6-9 on
each side, 1-6 lin. long and as much in breadth at the base, broadly
deltoid, acute or acuminate ; peduncles solitary, axillary, about as
long as or slightly longer than the petioles, racemosely or panicu-
_ lately branched ; pedicels very short, not winged, scarcely evident
FL, C.—VOL. V.—SECT. II. 2N
546 URTICACE (Brown). | Fleurya.
in the male flowers ; perianth of the male flowers of 5 equal seg-
ments nearly 1 lin. long, ovate-lanceolate, acute, concave ; perianth-
segments of the female flower 4, very unequal, 1 very small and
concave, outside the others, 1 rudimentary and very narrow or
tooth-like, 2 adpressed to the ovary or achene, }—} lin. long, broadly
ovate, acute, submembranous, edged with a row of very minute
sessile glands; achene 1 lin. long, obliquely orbicular-ovate, com-
pressed, keeled, very faintly tuberculate on the flattened depressed
central area on each side, ylabrous, brown, very minutely dotted
with darker brown; stigma 1} lin. long, reflexed and closely ad-
pressed to the achene. Wedd. Monogr. Urtic. 119, t. 1, A, figs. 1-3,
and in DC. Prodr. xvi.i. 76. Urtica grossa, E. Meyer in Drege,
Zwei Pfl. Documente, 134, 150.
Souru AFrRica: without locality, Zeyher, 3865, ex Weddell.
Coast Recion: Uitenhage Div.; on old trees, Zeyher, 565! Zuurberg Range,
Drege.
EastERN Region: Pondoland ; near the Umtata River and between there and
St. Johns River, Drége! Natal; Inanda, Wood, 1236! Fairfield, Rudatis, 1335!
and without precise locality, McKen, 3! Gerrard, 710!
_2. F. mitis (Wedd. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 4™° sér. i. 183); stems
herbaceous, 4-6 ft. long, erect or scrambling or prostrate and
rooting at the nodes, branching, glabrous or puberulous, varying
from nearly unarmed to thickly covered with stinging hairs; leaves
alternate, more or less armed with stinging hairs on the petioles
and veins on the under surface ; petiole }—5 in. long ; blade 1-5 in.
long, 3-3} in. broad, ovate, acuminate, broadly rounded or occasion-
ally very broadly cuneate at the base, acutely toothed at the
margin, with teeth 3-2 lin. long, and 1-3 lin. broad, glabrous or
thinly pubescent on both surfaces; peduncles solitary, axillary,
usually branched, rarely simple, with small dense globular clusters
of flowers scattered along or at the ends of the branches, shorter or
a little longer than the petioles, glabrous or puberulous, and with or
without stinging hairs, bearing all male or all female flowers, but
often both sexes occur upon the same stem; male flowers sessile,
with 5 spreading equal segments nearly or quite 1 lin. long and
ovate-lanceolate, acute, concave; female flowers on flattened and
narrowly winged pedicels } lin. long, armed with stinging hairs or
unarmed, with 4 unequal segments, erect and adpressed to the
ovary, the two larger lateral, 1—3 lin. long, flattish, very broadly
ovate, acute or subobtuse, the other two much smaller and one of
them concave ; all glabrous in both sexes, with or without stinging
hairs ; achene much longer than the perianth-segments, # lin. long,
compressed, obliquely orbicular-ovate, subacute, glabrous, slightly
tuberculate within a flat ovate area on each side, green or pale
brown ; stigma 1—} lin. long, recurved. F. capensis, Wedd. Monogr.
Urtic. 117, t. 1, A, figs. 7 & 8, not of Ann. Sc. Nat. 4” sér. i. 183;
Wood, Natal Pl. vi. t. 577. F. peduncularis, Wedd. in DC. Prodr.
xvi. i, 75 (incl. var. mitis). Urtica mitis, E. Meyer in Drege, Zwei
Fleurya.] URTICACES (Brown). 547
PA. Documente, 127, 143. JU. peduncularis, E. Meyer, ic. 143. U.
mitis, Hochst., and U. ovalifolia, Buching. ex Hochst. in Flora, 1845,
88 and in Krauss, Beitr. Fl. Cap- und Natal. 151.
Coast Recion: Knysna Div. ; in the forest at Knysna, Burchell, 4544! Krauss,
1828, 1829! Uitenhage Div.; near Sandfontein and Matjesfontein, Drége! Galge- _
bosch, Drége! Port Elizabeth Div. ; Krakakamma, Zeyher, 566! Albany Div.,
Cooper, 3590! King Williamstown Div. ; by the Yellowwood River, Drége!
CunTraL Region: Somerset Div.; on the Bosch Berg, Burchell, 3231!
Bolus, 310.
Katanart Recion : Transvaal; Rimers Creek, near Barberton, Galpin, 1289!
Eastern Reaion: Transkei, Kentani, Miss Pegler, 696! Griqualand East ; by
the Umzimkulu River, T'yson, 2792! and in MacOwan & Bolus Herb. Norm. 768!
Natal; by the Umlaas River, Arauss, 30! near Durban, Rehmann, 8808!
Gueinzius! Gerrard, 277! Inanda, Wood, 716! 1251!
3. F. alatipes (N. E. Br.); a herb, 1-3 ft. high, armed with
stinging hairs on all parts, unisexual or both sexes on the same
plant ; stem furrowed when dried, minutely puberulous with de-
flexed hairs under the stinging hairs at the apex only ; leaves
alternate, glabrous on both sides except for the stinging hairs ;
petioles mostly 2-2? in. long, those of the two terminal leaves much
shorter ; blade 3-7 in. long, 13-4} in. broad, ovate, acute or acu-
minate, round or notched at the 3-nerved base, acutely toothed on
the margin ; teeth triangular, 4-14 lin. long, 14-2 lin. broad, each
tipped with a stinging hair ; cymes or panicles solitary in the axils
of the upper leaves, including the peduncle 14—4 in. long, 1-2} in.
broad, erect or ascending, branching, those of the male plant much
more slender than those of the female ; pedicels of the male flowers
3~3 lin. long, slender, jointed just below the flower ; pedicels of the
female flowers at first about 4 lin. long, becoming in fruit 14-2 lin.
long, $-11 lin. broad, very broadly winged, cuneately obcordate,
with a deflexed flower at the notch, arranged in small compact
cymules on the branches of the cyme or panicle; perianth of the
male flowers of 4 equal concave ovate acute segments 3-3 lin. long,
glabrous ; perianth of the female flowers of 4 very unequal segments,
the upper concave or boat-shaped, and the lower flattened lanceo-
late segments rudimentary and about } lin. long, ciliate, the lateral
in flower scarcely 4 lin. long, broadly ovate, acute, becoming in
fruit 1-1} lin. long and falcate in outline, deflexed, suabmembranous,
green ; achene abruptly deflexed, oblique and very broadly D-shaped,
compressed, 14 lin. in diam., pitted rugulose, glabrous, light brown,
with a very dark brown border ; stigma }—3 lin. long, stout, densely
stigmatose-hairy, orange, in fruit abruptly bent back to the margin
of the achene. Laportea alatipes, Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc.
Vil, 215; Rendle in Prain, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. ii. 252.
Katanarr Reaion: Petevedl ; forest on the Zoutpansberg Range, Worsdell !
__ Easrern Reeion: Griqualand East; Zuerberg Range, Tyson, 1772! Natal ;
in woods or bush at Enon and near Byrne, Wood, 1880! in bush near York,
Wood! and without precise locality, Cooper, 1128!
Also in Tropical Africa.
bo
A
bo
548 URTICACE& (Brown). [ Flewrya.
According to Mr. Cooper, this plant in 1862 was and perhaps still is ‘ used by
the pstives 46 punish boys.” Dr. Wood remarks of his number 1880 in ‘* Natal
Plants” vi., under t. 577, that it ‘‘is much more irritating than F. capensis
(F. mitis), and the natives always give it a wide berth where it is plentiful, it is
rmuch worse than the common nettle, Urtica wrens.”
III. URERA, Gand.
Flowers unisexual, the sexes on different plants. Perianth 4—5-
(or abnormally up to 10-) lobed or partite ; lobes or segments equal
in the male, unequal in the female flowers and more or less enlarg-
ing in fruit. Stamens 4—5 (or in abnormal flowers 7-10), opposite the
perianth-segments, absent from the female flowers. Ovary straight
or slightly oblique, 1-celled, rudimentary in the male flowers ; ovule
solitary, basal, erect ; stigma oblique, sessile, head-like or hemi-
spherical, densely papillate-pubescent. Fruit a more or less com-
pressed achene, enclosed in the enlarged perianth.
Shrubs or trees, armed with stinging hairs ; leaves alternate, petiolate, stipulate ;
stipules free or connate and bifid or entire at the apex ; flowers in axillary cymes
or panicles, solitary in each leaf-axil.
Distris. Species about 50, in Tropical Africa, Madagascar, the Sandwich
Islands and Tropical America, 2 in South Africa :
Leaves toothed Ses sy ve ve rou ..» (1) tenax.
Leaves entire eee oe wat bes wet ... (2) Woodii.
1. U. tenax (N.E. Br. in Hook. Ic. Pl. xviii. t. 1748) ; a shrub or
small tree, 5-15 ft. high, armed with stinging hairs on the leaves,
inflorescence and sometimes but not always on the young branches ;
young main shoots or branches varying from 2 to 6 lin. thick, with
a smooth reddish-brown or purplish bark ; leaves alternate, deci-
duous ; petioles 4-2} in. long on the specimens seen, but possibly
longer, leaving cordate scars 14-34 lin. in diam. after their fall ;
blades 1-34 in. long and 1-3 in. broad, very broadly ovate to sub-
orbicular, acute or abruptly pointed, shallowly cordate at the
3-nerved base, toothed, with the teeth 1-2 lin. long and 1-3 lin.
broad, triangular, acute, both surfaces (except for the stinging hairs)
glabrous ; stipules spreading, 2-3 lin. long, lanceolate, acute, keeled,
glabrous, brown ; flowers sometimes in laxly branching cymes or
panicles, sometimes in simple raceme-like panicles and varying from
3-3 in. long, green; male flowers usually 5-lobed, but sometimes
abnormally 7—10-lobed to about three-fourths of the way down,
about 14 lin. long and the lobes 2 lin. broad, elliptic or oblong,
obtuse, concave ; stamens 5, or in abnormal flowers 7—10, with stout
filaments ; female flowers 4-partite ; segments unequal, one minute,
the others larger and }—2 lin. long, the two lateral ovate, subacute,
_ enlarging to 1} lin. long and 3 lin. broad and becoming elliptic in
fruit, the other elliptic, not enlarging; ovary compressed, ovate,
Urera. | URTICACE (Brown). 549
slightly oblique ; stigma terminal, oblique, consisting of a dense tuft
of short hairs, yellowish or whitish ; achenes about 2 lin. long, com-
pressed, ovate, slightly oblique, slightly tuberculate on the sides,
pale brown. N. H. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1888, 84, with plate ; Burtt-
Davy in Kew Bulletin, 1908, 175, and in Transv. Agric. Journ. v. 433.
Coast ReGion : Queenstown Div. ; Zwartkei Valley, 3000 ft., Galpin, 8175!
KaLanart ReGion: Transvaal ; Umvoti Creek, near Barberton, Galpin, 1001!
Waterval Onder, Rogers, 2606! Kloofs of the Magaliesberg Range and Crocodile
and Magalies Rivers, Burtt-Davy, 195! Miss Nation, 210!
Eastern Recion: Natal; Inanda, Wood, 3837! Dumissa, Rudatis, 1069!
The bark of this plant affords a valuable fibre, of which an account is given in
the Kew Bulletin for 1888 as above quoted.
2. U. Woodii (N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1911, 96); a shrub,
only armed with a few stinging hairs on the petioles, the base of
the midrib and nerves of the leaves and sometimes on the cymes ;
branches unarmed, glabrous, smooth; leaves alternate, glabrous ;
petioles 3-1 in. long; blades 24-3} in. long, 14-2} in. broad,
elliptic, abruptly acuminate into a subobtuse point 4-2 in. long,
obtuse, broadly rounded, or slightly subcordate at the 5-nerved
base, entire and apparently subcoriaceous, paler beneath ; stipules
connate into a tapering 2-keeled bifid body 4—5 lin. long, with 2 free
subulate points at the apex, glabrous, brown, deciduous ; cymes or
panicles 1-3 in. long, axillary, unisexual and the sexes on different
plants ; male flowers on pedicels 1~3 lin. long, jointed close under
the flower ; perianth equally 4-lobed to rather more than half-way
down, lin. long, glabrous ; lobes ovate, very obtuse and minutely
fringed or toothed at the apex, concave ; stamens 4, longer than the
perianth ; female flowers with an unequally 4-crenate or 4-lobed
shortly tubular or cup-shaped perianth } lin. long, with the
lobules very minutely denticulate or fringed, glabrous ; ovary com-
pressed-ovoid, slightly longer than the perianth; stigma sessile,
oblique, large, hemispheric, densely papillate-pubescent ; achenes
not seen,
Eastern Recton: Pondoland ; in a cutting to the lighthouse near Port St.
John, Miss Pegler, 1533! Natal; Umzinyati Falls, Wood, 1803! and without
precise locality, Sanderson, 594 !
I think it probable that Elatostemma trinerve, Hochst. in Flora, 1845, 88, and
in Krauss, Beitr. Fl. Cap. und Natal, 151, is the same as this plant, but I have
seen no specimen of it, nor does Weddell appear to have done so. It.was collected
near the Umlaas River in Natal, Krauss, 1267.
IV. PILEA, Lindl.
Flowers unisexual, the sexes intermingled on the same plant, or
Separate and on different plants. Perianth 2-4-partite ; segments
equal or unequal; concave, with a gibbosity or obtuse subulate point
on the back just below the apex on one or more of them. Stamens
550 URTICACE (Brown). [ Pilea.
2-4, opposite the perianth-segments, rudimentary and scale-like in
the female flowers. Ovary straight, compressed, 1-celled, rudi-
mentary in the male flowers ; stigma terminal, sessile, not oblique,
formed of a dense tuft of short hairs. Fruit a compressed achene,
scarcely or not at all oblique.
Annual or perennial herbs, often creeping, not armed with stinging hairs ;
leaves opposite, equal or unequal in each pair, stipulate ; stipules connate, entire ;
flowers in axillary sessile clusters or in pedunculate heads, cymes or panicles. _
Distris. Species about 280, widely distributed throughout the warmer regions,
but absent from Australia and only one is South Africa,
1. P. Worsdellii (N. E. Br.); a perennial herb up to a foot or
perhaps more in height, with a creeping rhizome, glabrous, and
without stinging hairs in any part; leaves opposite, stipulate ;
petioles 3-2 in. long, rather slender ; blades 3-24 in. long, $—1# in.
broad, ovate, acute or somewhat acuminate, rounded to subcordate
at the base, rather coarsely toothed, thin ; teeth 2-2 lin. long, 1-3
lin. broad, triangular, acute, directed forwards; stipules connate
into a broadly ovate obtuse 2-nerved body 3 lin. long and 2 lin.
broad, membranous, brown, a pair at each node; flowers mingled
with small membranous bracts in dense axillary clusters in both
axils of each pair of leaves, unisexual, the sexes on different plants
or intermingled in the same cluster, each pair of clusters 5-8 lin. in
diam. ; pedicels up to 14 lin. long, slender, jointed close under the
male flowers ; perianth 3-partite and alike in both sexes, 3—} lin.
long ; segments equal and alike, deeply hooded-concave at the lower
two-thirds, with a stout subulate blunt point on the back arising
just below the apex of the concavity ; stamens 3, represented by 3
minute broadly cuneate truncate rudiments in the female flowers ;
ovary straight, compressed, ovate, absent or very rudimentary in
the male flowers ; stigma sessile, not oblique, composed of a dense
tuft of short hairs ; achenes 1 lin. long, compressed, ovate, scarcely
oblique, smooth, whitish-brown.
Katanari Recion: Transvaal; Houtbosch, 5500 ft., Schlechter, 4740! forest
on the Zoutpansberg Range, Worsdell!
Also in Tropical Africa.
V. POUZOLZIA, Gaud.
Flowers unisexual, both sexes on the same plant. Male flowers:
perianth 3—5-lobed ; lobes abruptly pointed, valvate in bud ; stamens
3-5, opposite the perianth-segments ; ovary rudimentary, obovoid.
Female flowers: perianth tubular, with an inflated basal part, flask-
‘shaped or compressed-ovoid, minutely 2—4-toothed at the mouth ;
stamens or rudiments of them none; ovary ovoid, compressed, one-
celled, with 1 erect ovule ; stigma much exserted from the perianth,
E-
is
Pouzolzia, | URTICACEA (Brown). 551
filiform, terminal, not oblique, puberulous or papillose-pubescent,
deciduous. Achene included in the enlarged perianth and closely
invested by but not adnate to it, not oblique, compressed ovoid,
with a shining crustaceous pericarp.
Perennial shrubs or herbs, not armed: with stinging hairs ; leaves alternate,
petiolate, stipulate; stipules free; flowers in small dense axillary clusters,
unisexual, both sexes in the same cluster, but one sex preponderating.
Distris. Species about 60, in tropical and subtropical regions, mostly in the
Old World, with about a dozen in Tropical America.
Leaves entire, white beneath 3 ey ae ..-» (1) hypoleuca.
Leaves toothed, green on both sides ae es ... (2) procridioides.
1, P. hypoleuca (Wedd. in DC. Prodr. xvi. i. 227); a shrub, with
the young branches varying from very minutely puberulous to
velvety-pubescent ; leaves alternate, herbaceous; petioles 2—9 lin.
long; blades 3-34 in. long, }-24 in. broad, ovate or orbicular-
ovate, acute or shortly cuspidate-acuminate, cuneate to broadly
rounded at the 3-nerved base, entire, more or less pubescent and
green above, covered with a dense white felt beneath; stipules
14-3 lin. long, 1 lin. broad, tapering from the base to an acute
point, brown, deciduous; flowers in small clusters in the axils of
the leaves, sessile, unisexual, both sexes present in the same axil,
but with a preponderance of one sex on different plants, greenish-
white, mingled with minute brown membranous bracts; male
flowers somewhat flattened and abruptly pointed in bud, 4—5-lobed
to half-way down, more or less pubescent outside ; lobes 3 lin. long,
ovate-acuminate, concave, valvate in bud; stamens 4-5, with
flattened filaments longer than the perianth-segments; ovary
rudimentary, compressed obovoid, semitransparent or watery ;
female flowers about 2 lin. long, compressed-ovoid-acuminate or
somewhat flask-shaped, tubular, minutely 2—3-toothed at the apex,
pubescent outside; stamens none; ovary ovoid; style much ex-
serted, 13-2 lin. long, filiform, minutely puberulous; achene
enclosed in the enlarged perianth, 1 lin. long, ovoid, obscurely
veined, but otherwise smooth and shining, whitish. Burtt-Davy in
Kew Bulletin, 1908, 174.
Katanart Recron: Transvaal; near Moord Drift, Schlechter, 4315! Komati
Poort, Schlechter, 11758! near Wonderboom, Burtt-Davy, 2646! Miss Leendertz,
451! Potgeiters Rust, Rogers, 2498! Warm Bath, Burtt-Davy, 2160!
Eastern Reaion : Natal; Umblatuzi Valley, Haygarth in Herb. Wood, 11853!
and without precise locality, Gerrard, 1188! :
This shrub is readily recognised by the snow-white under surface of its leaves.
2. P. procridioides (Wedd. Monogr. Urtic. 412); a branching
shrub up to 4 ft. in height, or perhaps sometimes forming clumps of
simple subherbaceous stems? branches pubescent or villous on the
younger parts ; leaves alternate, herbaceous ; petioles 1-27 in. long ;
552 URTICACE (Brown). [ Pouzolzia.
blades 1-32 in. long, 3-2 in. broad, ovate, acuminate, rounded or
broadly cuneate at the base, toothed at the margin ; teeth 3-1 lin.
long, 14-3 lin. broad, triangular, acute or subacute; more or less
pubescent or somewhat pilose with soft hairs on both surfaces, but
usually more densely so beneath; stipules 2-4} lin. long, broadly
ovate at the base, subulate-acuminate, ciliate, and pubescent on the
midrib beneath, membranous, brown, persistent ; flowers in small
axillary clusters, sessile or the males very shortly pedicellate, uni-
sexual, many male and one or a few female flowers in the same
cluster, greenish-white, mingled with minute membranous brown
bracts; male flowers somewhat turbinate-subglobose and abruptly
and shortly pointed in bud, 3—4-lobed to rather more than half-way
down, pubescent or subpilose outside; lobes 3 lin. long, ovate,
abruptly and shortly subulate-pointed, deeply concave; stamens
3-4, longer than the perianth; rudimentary ovary obovoid, semi-
transparent or watery; female flowers somewhat flask-shaped,
tubular, minutely 2—3-toothed at the apex, with numerous ribs on
the inflated part when in fruit, pubescent outside; ovary com-
pressed ovoid; style much exserted, 2 lin. long, filiform, densely
papillose-pubescent ; achene enclosed in the enlarged perianth, 1 lin.
long, compressed ovoid, acute, smooth and shining, whitish or pale
yellowish-white. Wedd. in DC. Prodr. xvi. i. 231, excl. the American
' specimen quoted. Urtica? procridioides, E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei
Pfl. Documente, 150, 151, name only. Margarocarpus procridioides,
Wedd. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 4” sér. i. 204. Beehmeria procridiotdes,
Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. ii. 204.
Eastern Recion: Transkei; forests around Kentani, Miss Pegler, 733! Pondo-
land ; between Umtata River and St. Johns River, Drége! Zululand ; Sebundini,
Haygarth in Herb. Wood, 7910! and without precise locality, Gerrard, 1622 !
VI. AUSTRALINA, Gaud.
Flowers unisexual, the sexes intermingled on the same plant.
Male flowers with a bract-like perianth, tubular below, open above,
with the margins folded together or united in bud; stamen 1;
anther inflexed in bud. Female flowers compressed-ovoid, with the
perianth so closely investing or united to the ovary that it appears
absent, sometimes two flowers cohere ; ovary |-celled, with 1 erect
basal ovule; stigma shortly filiform, more or less coiled to one
side. Achene compressed-ovoid, keeled, with a thin crustaceous
pericarp.
Annual herbs ; leaves alternate, stipulate ; flowers in sessile axillary clusters,
with the sexes intermingled or sometimes all the flowers of a cluster female.
_ Distrip. Species about 10, in Tropical and South Africa, Socotra, Australia
and New Zealand.
Australina.| URTICACE (Brown). 553
Stem and branches prostrate ; plant drying blackish or
blackish-green :
Leaves 13-33 lin. in diam., obtuse, scarcely toothed... (1) paarlensis.
Leaves 3-8 lin. in diam., pointed, distinctly toothed (2) procumbens,
Stem and branches erect or ascending : :
Leaves entire, crenate or toothed, and the terminal
tooth not or but slightly longer than broad :
Plant 4-10 in. high, branching at the base into weak
flaccid stems }-2 lin. thick; leaf-blades 23-9
lin. long and broad, drying green ae ... (3) capensis.
Plant 8-18 in. high, with the main stem 3-1} lin.
thick, usually drying blackish :
Upper part of stem and branches minutely ad-
pressed-puberulous ; blade of the larger leaves ee
#-2in. long... a ys oct ... (4) Thunbergii.
Upper part of stem and branches pubescent with
rather coarse spreading or ascending hairs ;
blade of the larger leaves 1-12 in. long ... (5) lanceolata.
Leaves very distinctly toothed and the terminal tooth ;
usually 2-3 times as long as broad, drying green (6) acuminata.
1. A. paarlensis (N. E. Br.); a small annual prostrate herb,
drying blackish ; stems and branches procumbent, }~} lin. thick,
puberulous ; leaves alternate, small; petioles }-1 lin. long; blades
1}-34 lin. long, 1-2} lin. broad, elliptic or orbicular, obtuse or
rounded at the apex, cuneate at the base, entire or with 1-3 obscure
crenations on each side, thinly pubescent ; stipules } lin. long, very
broadly oyate, acuminate or mucronate, pubescent and ciliate, mem-
branous ; perianth of male flowers ? lin. long, obtuse or with an
exceedingly short point ; female flowers }—} lin. long, puberulous.
Didymotoxa (Didymotoca) debilis, E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei PA.
Documente, 87 and 178, letter ¢ only.
Coast Rucron: Paarl Div. ; Paarl Mountain, 1000-2000 ft., Drége !
2. A. procumbens (N. E. Br.) ; an annual with prostrate radiating
branches, drying blackish-green ; main branches about } lin. thick,
the others more slender, thinly pubescent with spreading hairs ;
leaves alternate; petioles 2—5 lin. long; blades 3-10 lin. long,
3-8 lin. broad, roundish-ovate, acute or subobtuse, very broadly or
subtruncately cuneate at the base, and with 4-7 obtuse teeth or
¢renations on each side, thinly pubescent on both sides ; stipules
1-1} lin. long, very broadly ovate, acute or acuminate, membranous,
glabrous, ciliate ; perianth of the male flowers 1 lin. long, obtuse or
acute, mucronate, ciliate on the margins and with a few hairs on
the point, otherwise glabrous, often very dark purple ; female
flowers 1 lin. long, much compressed, with one edge very acute,
solitary or two united together into one body by their more >=
edges, pubescent (especially along the margins) with long hairs ;
fruit about 14 lin. long.
Coast Region : Piquetberg Div. ; Het Kruis, Misses Stephens & Glover, 8776!
554 URTICACE (Brown). [ Australina.
8. A. capensis (Wedd. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 4™° sér. i, 212); an
annual herb 4-10 in. high, much branched at the base, with weak
slender flaccid thinly pubescent or subglabrous stems and branches
1-2 lin. thick, drying green; leaves alternate; petioles 1-12 lin.
long ; blades 24-9 lin. long, 2-9 lin. broad, ovate or subtriangular-
ovate, obtuse or rarely acute, very broadly cuneate at the base,
entire or with 3-5 faint or distinct crenations or teeth on each side,
glabrous or with a few hairs on both surfaces; stipules }-1 lin.
long, broadly ovate, acute, membranous ; flowers in small axillary
clusters, several male surrounding 1-2 female; perianth of the
male flowers, 1 lin. long, shortly tubular below, open above and
obtusely angular on each side of the very obtuse mucronate apex,
pubescent ; female flower compressed-ovoid, } lin. long, pubescent ;
stigma | lin. long, filiform, curved ; achene 3 lin. long, ovoid, sub-
acuminate, keeled on one side, dark brown. A. integrifolia, Wedd.
in Ann. Se. Nat. 4 sér. i. 212. Didymotowa debilis, E. Meyer in
Drége Zwei Pf. Documente, 90 and 113. Didymotoca debilis, E.
Meyer, lc. 178, letters a and b only. Didymodoxa debilis, Wedd.
Monogr. Urtic. 548, t. 20, B, and in DC. Prodr. xvi. i. 2359. D.
integrifolia, Wedd. Monogr. Urtic. 549, and in DC. Prodr. xvi. i.
235°. Urtica capensis as to one of the sheets marked “a” in Herb.
Thunb., not as to Linn. f., nor of Thunb. Fl. Cap.; see N. E. Br. in
Kew Bulletin, 1913, 80. Parietaria lanceolata, E. Meyer, a, i
Drége, Zwei Pf. Documente, 109, not of Thunb.
Sours Arrica : without locality, Thunberg !
Coast Reeron: Clanwilliam Div. ; Lange Vallei, Drége! Malmesbury Div. ;
between Groene Kloof and Saldanha Bay, Drége !
Western Recion : Little Namaqualand ; between Koper Berg and Kookfontein,
Drége, 8247 !
4. A. Thunhergii (N.E. Br.) ; anerect annual herb 1-1} ft. high,
drying blackish ; main stems 3-1 lin. thick, minutely puberulous ;
leaves alternate ; petioles 1-5 lin. long; blades }~? in. long, 2-7
lin. broad, ovate, acute or obtuse, cuneate at the base, entire or with
3-4 slight crenations on each side, thinly puberulous or nearly
glabrous ; stipules }-1 lin. long, very broadly ovate, acute or shortly
mucronate, ciliate, membranous ; perianth of the male flowers 3—}
lin. long, very obtuse, with or without a very short point ; female
flowers }—} lin. long ; stigma scarcely } lin. long, filiform. Urtica
capensis, Thunb. Prodr. 31, Fl. Cap. ed. Schultes, 155, and as to sheet
B of Herb. Thunberg ; see N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 80.
SoutH Arrica: without locality, Thunberg! Drége!
. Drége’s specimen was distributed as ‘‘Parietaria lanceolata, Th. ? ce,” but this
cc” specimen is not mentioned in Drége, Zwei PA. Documente, nor is it anywhere
quoted by Weddell, although he has written the name ‘‘Australina capensis”
upon the sheet, so that he evidently regarded it as a form of that species. I find,
however, that it is most certainly distinct from the plant upon which Weddell
based the name A. capensis, although in reality it is this species that should rightly
bear that name. Drége’s specimen exactly agrees with that on sheet 8 of Urtica
capensis in Thunberg’s Herbarium, which, as I have pointed out in the Kew
Bulletin, is evidently the isan: tebe Which Ae wade hin se act
from either of din iain saa 5” irae oa e his description @:
Australina. | URTICACE (Brown), 555
5. A. lanceolata (N. E. Br.); an annual herb 8-18 in. high,
branching, often drying blackish ; main stem 3-1} lin. thick, rather
densely and somewhat coarsely pubescent with spreading or ascend-
ing hairs at the upper part, more thinly so below ; leaves alternate ;
petioles 2-11 lin. long; blades 4-1} in. long, }~1} in. broad, ovate,
acute or subacuminate, cuneate at the base, serrate, with 5—9 teeth
on each side and the terminal tooth as long as or a little longer than
broad, rarely subentire or faintly crenate, thinly pubescent on both
surfaces ; stipules 1-2 lin. long, very broadly ovate, acute or
acuminate, coarsely pubescent and ciliate, membranous; flower-
clusters comparatively large, 14-24 lin. in diam. ; perianth of the
male flowers #-1 lin. long, very obtuse, with a very short point,
coarsely pubescent and ciliate ; female flowers } lin. long, pubescent ;
stigma less than } lin. long; fruit sometimes combined in pairs,
varying in size from } to lflin.long. Parietaria lanceolata, Thunb.
in Hoffm. Phytog. Blaetter, i. 17, and Fl. Cap. ed. Schultes, 155.
Urtica? radula, E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, ; 97.
Didymodoxa debilis, var. lanceolata, Wedd. in DC. Prodr. xvi. i.
235°,
Soutu Arrica: without locality, Thunberg, Zeyher, 1545 !
Coast Recton : Malmesbury Div. ; near Malmesbury, 200 ft., Schlechter, 5349 !
Cape Div. ; Muysen Berg, Harvey ! Hout Bay, Wolley-Dod, 1519! Farmer Pecks
Valley, Wolley-Dod, 2818! Kalk Bay, 50 ft., Bolus, 2944!
Western Recon: Little Namaqualand ; slopes between Nababeep and Modder-
fontein, 3000 ft., Bolus, 9455! Van Rhynsdorp Div.; by the Orange River, Drége!
I have not seen the type of Parietaria lanceolata, Thunb., but from the
description it would appear to be identical with the subentire leaved forms of this
species. The much shorter terminal point of the leaves and larger flower-clusters,
as well as its different geographical range, readily distinguish this species from
A, acuminata, ~
6. A. acuminata (Wedd. in Ann. Se. Nat. 4™° sér. i. 212); an
annual herb 1-2 ft. high ; stem 3-1 lin. thick at the base, branch-
ing, 4-grooved, with rounded angles, puberulous _ alternate 4
petioles up to 11 in. long; blades 3-2} in. long, j-Iy in. prone,
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, cuneate at the base, with 6-12
teeth on each side and the terminal tooth (at least of the uppermost
leaves) 2-3 times as long as broad, thinly pubescent on both sides :
stipules 11-3 lin. long, broadly ovate, with a long _— point,
membranous, tipped at the apex of the awn with 2-3 long hairs ;
_ flower-clusters $—1} lin. in diam. ; perianth of the male flowers
} lin. long, its subulate point tipped with 2-4 long hairs ; female
flowers 1 lin. long, pubescent ; stigma very small, about } lin. long,
filiform, curved. Parietaria cuneata, E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pf.
Documente, 133, 143. _Urtica caffra, Thunb. Prodr. 31, and Fl. Cap.
ed. Schultes, 155; see N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 80. Fleurya
capensis, Wedd. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 4” sér. i. 183, not of Monogr. Urtie.
117. Didymodowxa acuminata, Wedd. Monogr. Urtic. 549. D. cuneata,
Wedd. in DC. Prodr. xvi. i. 235°).
556 URTICACE (Brown). [ Australina.
SourH Arrica: without locality, Thunberg ! 2
Coast Reaton: Uitenhage Div.; by the river near Enon, Drége, b! Stutter-
heim Div.; forest at Fort Cunynghame, 3300 ft., Galpin, 2443! King Williamstown
Div. ; Yellowwood River, Drége, a! Queenstown Diy. ; mountain side, Bowkers
Park, 4000 ft., Galpin, 2605 !
CENTRAL REGION: Somerset Div.; on Bosch Berg, Burchell, 3144! 3212!
Bolus, 1813 ! Cradock Div. ; near Cradock, Cooper, 3518 ! i
Katanart Region : Orange River Colony ; Bloemfontein, Rehmann, 3835! _
Eastern REGION: Natal; Durban Flats, Wood, 1970! and without precise
locality, Gerrard, 265!
Probably Parietaria cuneata, Eckl, & Zeyh. ex Hochst. in Flora, 1845, 88, and
in Krauss, Beitr. Fl. Cap- wnd Natal. 151, belongs here, and that ‘‘ Eckl. & Zeyh.
is merely an error for the authority E. Meyer. It was collected near Knysna,
Krauss, 1827, but I have not seen a specimen,
VII. FORSKOHLEA, Linn.
Apparent flowers consisting of a 2—7-lobed compressed or obconic-
campanulate involucre containing one female flower or a number of
male or female flowers embedded in and clinging to densely matted
white wool. Male flowers surrounding the female; perianth bract-
like, of one segment, very shortly tubular at the base (or open all
the way down), flattish or concave above, entire or with a short
lateral lobe below the apex on each side; stamen one; anther
inflexed in bud. Female flower consisting of a compressed-ovoid or
elliptic one-celled ovary terminating in a filiform deciduous stigma,
without perianth or stamens ; ovule solitary, erect, basal. Achene
compressed-ellipsoid ; with a crustaceous pericarp.
Perennial or annual herbs; leaves alternate, stipulate; involucres sessile, in
pairs or solitary, axillary, resembling flowers.
oh eepia Species 6 in Tropical and South Africa, Atlantic Isles, Socotra and
rabia,
Involucre 14-4 lin, long, with broad obovate obtuse or
subacute lobes ... ae te aa bes ... (1) candida,
Involucrg 4-7 lin. long, with lanceolate acute lobes... (2) hereroensis.
1. F. candida (Linn. f. Suppl. 245); an annual or perennial herb
3-1} ft. high; stems and branches scabrous with rigid short
upeurved hairs ; leaves alternate ; petioles 2-8 lin. long; blades
<-1{ in. long, 23-12 lin. broad, ovate or elliptic, obtuse or subacute,
cuneate at the base, with 3-5 teeth on each side, margins
revolute and as well as the veins beneath and the petiole scabrous
with short rigid curved hairs, upper surface rough, glabrous or
thinly pubescent, under surface thinly white-felted ; stipules }—1 lin.
long, broadly ovate, mucronate, membranous, pale brown ; involucres
in pairs or solitary in each axil, sessile, obconic-campanulate, 14—4
lin. long, 4~7-lobed to below the middle, densely covered with long
Forskohlea. | URTICACE& (Brown), 557
adpressed hairs on the basal part outside; lobes obovate, often
nearly as broad as long, obtuse or subacute, glabrous, ciliate, green,
becoming whitish-brown in fruit ; flowers about 6-14 male and 3—4
female in each involucre, intermingled with clinging matted white
wool; perianth of the male flowers entire, cuneate-obovate or
cuneate-oblanceolate, slightly hooded at the subacute apex ; stigma
% lin. long. Thunb. Prodr. 77, and Fl. Cap. ed. Schultes, 385 ;
Murray, Syst. Veg. ed. xiv. 437; Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 475; Wedd.
Monogr. Urtic. 536, and in DC. Prodr. xvi. i. 235°6 ; Schinz in Bull.
Ses Boiss. iv, Append. iii. 51 (not of Aiton). F. scabra, Retz. Obs.
ot. ili. 31,
Var. 8: virescens (Wedd. in DC. Prodr. xvi. i. 23556); leaves green on the
under surface, otherwise as in the type, F. viridis, HE. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pf.
Documente, 90, not of Ehrenberg.
Coast Rrcion: Riversdale Diy. ; sandy banks of the Gouritz River, Bowie!
Crentrat Recron : Calvinia Div. ; Hantam and Roggeveld Mountains, Thunberg !
Prince Albert Div.; Jakhals Fontein, Burke! Graaff Reinet Div.; near the
Sundays River, Bolus, 474! Beaufort West Div. ; near Salt River, Zeyher, 1544!
Var. 8: Prince Albert Div. ; near the Gamka River, Burke! :
Western REGION: Great Namaqualand; various localities, Schinz, 856, 857,
Steingrover, 3, 5, Fenchel, 113, 150, 151, Wandres, 23, and Fleck, 175, ex Schinz !
Little Bushmanland; Naroep, Schlechter! Van Rhynsdorp Div. ; Stinkfontein,
_ Schlechter, 11089! Var. 8: Great Namaqualand ; near Warmbad, Pearson, 4372!
Little Namaqualand ; Silverfontein, Drége! west of Pella, Pearson, 3553 !
Pearson 8546 from between Klein Karas and Holoog, appears to be a hybrid
between F. candida and F. hereroensis, having the leaves and small involucre of
the former combined with the lanceolate acute involucre-lobes of the latter, and
at Kew a branch of true F. candida is mingled with it.
2. F. hereroensis (Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss, iv. Append. iii.
51); an, annual or perennial herb about }-1 ft. high; stem and
branches rough with rigid upcurved hairs and sometimes also
puberulous ; leaves alternate ; petioles 1-4 lin. long; blades 3-12
lin. long, 14-9 lin. broad, elliptic or lanceolate, acute or obtuse,
cuneate at the base, with 2-3 teeth on each side, margins revolute,
rough and glabrous above, white-felted on the under surface, with
short rigid curved hairs on the margins and veins beneath ; stipules
14-2 lin. long, very broadly ovate, shortly mucronate, ciliate, mem-
branous, pale brown; involucres in pairs in each axil, sessile,
obconic-campanulate, 4-7 lin. long, usually 6-lobed to about half-
way down, densely covered with long adpressed dusky hairs on the
cup and base of the lobes outside ; lobes lanceolate, acute, ciliate
and thinly covered with adpressed short hairs on the back, green,
becoming whitish-brown in fruit; flowers about 9-10 male and
4—5 female in each involucre, intermingled with clinging matted
white wool; perianth of the male flowers 3-lobed, lateral lobes very
small, at the base of the terminal ovate acute middle lobe ; stigma
3-1 lin. long. Rendle in Prain, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. ii. 300.
WEstERN Reaion: Little Namaqualand ; Silverfontein, 2000-3000 ft., Drége
valley leading to Bethany Drift, Pearson, 6046!
Also in Damaraland.
.
558 URTICACEA (Brown). [ Droguetia.
VIII. DROGUETIA, Gaud.
Apparent flowers of two kinds ; one consisting of a hemispherical
shortly toothed involucre containing (and shorter than) 4-8 male
and 1-3 female flowers embedded in and clinging to densely matted
wool; the other smaller, ovoid, with a flask-shaped involucre, 4-
toothed at its contracted mouth, containing 1 female flower. Male
flowers surrounding the female; perianth bract-like, of one segment,
tubular at the base, open and flattish or concave above, entire ;
stamen 1; anther inflexed in bud. Female flower consisting of a
compressed-ovoid or elliptic 1-celled ovary terminating in a filiform
pubescent stigma, without a perianth or stamens, when 2 or more
female flowers are present in a bisexual involucre they are sometimes
adherent or fused into one central mass ; ovule solitary, erect, basal.
Achene compressed-ovoid or compressed-ellipsoid, keeled, with a
crustaceous pericarp.
Perennial erect or prostrate herbs; leaves opposite or alternate, stipulate ;
nvolucres axillary or in terminal spikes, sessile or subsessile, in pairs, solitary or
clustered, resembling flowers.
Distris. Species about 12, in South and Tropical Africa, the Mascarene
Islands and India.
The involucre of this genus is difficult to distinguish from the perianths of the
male flowers which project much beyond it, because it clings by means of very
minute hooked hairs closely to the backs of the perianths and the wool in which
they are invested, so that the perianths may easily be mistaken for lobes of the
involucre.
Main stems prostrate, rooting; leaves (including the
petioles) 4-14 in. long... mie sos ... (1) Thunbergii.
Main stems erect, 1-3 ft. high; leaves (including the
petioles) 3-5 in. long:
Leaves with 4-6 teeth on each side and the terminal
tooth not longer than broad, under surface green... (2) urticefolia,
Leaves with 5-12 teeth on each side:
Under surface of the leaf dull purplish ; terminal
tooth twice or more than twice as long as
broad ge tes ak iis ose ... (4) ambigua.
Under surface of the leaf green;
Terminal tooth 2-3 times as long as broad ... (3) Woodii.
Terminal tooth not or scarcely longer than broad (5) Burchellii.
‘1. iD. Thunbergii (N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1913, 80); a
perennial herb, with slender creeping and rooting stems and
branches 3-3 lin. thick, glabrous or thinly adpressed-pubescent on
the same plant; leaves opposite ; petiole 1-4 lin. long, slender;
blade 3-12 lin. long, 2-7 lin. broad, ovate, acute or acuminate ;
rounded or obtusely cuneate at the base, crenate or serrate-crenate
_ on the margins, usually thinly adpressed-pubescent above and
,
Droguetia. | URTICACE (Brown). 559
glabrous beneath, but sometimes also pubescent beneath even on the
same branch ; stipules }-1 lin. long, broadly ovate, mucronate,
membranous, glabrous ; involucres in each axil sometimes 1 or a
pair of tubular flask-shaped female only, 4-toothed at the apex,
sometimes also with a campanulate 6-8-lobed bisexual one mingled
with them, #-1} lin. long, glabrous or minutely puberulous with
curved hairs outside, woolly within; male flowers in the bisexual
involucre 4-8, surrounding 1 female; perianth obliquely funnel-
shaped or campanulate at the upper part and apparently 3-lobed and
open down one side, very thin and membranous ; female flowers
solitary in both the female and bisexual involucres ; stigma 3-1 lin.
long; achene about | lin. long, compressed-ovoid, with a keel along
one margin, slightly rugose, glabrous, blackish. Urtica capensis as
to one of the sheets marked “a,” and U. caffra sheet a” in Herb.
Thunberg, but not as to description in Fl. Cap. ed. Schultes, 155.
Sour Arrica : without locality, Thunberg !
Coast Reaion: Swellendam Div.; in the forest at Grootvaders Bosch,
Burchell, 7232 !
As I have stated in the Kew Bulletin, (1.c.), Thunberg’s Herbarium contains
two specimens of this plant respectively named Urtica capensis and U. caffra, but
that these specimens can in no way have been used by Thunberg when making
his descriptions of those two species. Possibly Parietaria capensis, Thunb. Prodr.
31, and Fl. Cap. ed. Schultes, 155, may belong here, but I have not seen
Thunberg’s type.
2. D. urticefolia (Wedd. in DC. Prodr. xvi. i, 235°*, excluding
all synonyms except of E. Meyer) ; an erect herb, apparently 1} ft.
or more high; stems obtusely 4-angled, grooved down each face,
more or less pubescent or scabrous; leaves opposite ; petiole 1-10
lin. long; blade 4-18 lin. long, 3-12 lin. broad, ovate or somewhat
rhomboid-elliptic, acute or subobtuse, broadly cuneate at the base
and with 4-6 obtuse teeth on each margin, and the terminal tooth
not longer than broad, glabrous or pubescent on one or both sides;
green above and beneath ; stipules }—1 lin. long, ovate or lanceo-
late, mucronate, spreading or reflexed, membranous, ciliate and
pubescent, green; involucres sometimes solitary in each axil and
female, but more usually a pair and bisexual, or sometimes bisexual
and female in the same axil, puberulous with hooked hairs ; bi-
sexual involucre about 1} lin. in diam., broadly cup-shaped or hemi-
spheric, 6—8-toothed, and the teeth with their mucronate points less
than 4 lin. long, shorter than the flowers, green, puberulous, con-
taining 4-8 male surrounding 2 female flowers ; female involucre
ovoid or flask-shaped, minutely toothed at the contracted mouth,
puberulous, containing 1 female flower; perianth of the male
flowers bract-like, entire, concave, ovate-lanceolate, shortly mucro-
nate-acute, much longer than the involucre, puberulous on the back
with hooked hairs, ciliate; stigma curved or coiled in a spiral ;
- achenes about # lin. long, slightly oblique, with a stout keel along
one margin, slightly rugose, glabrous, brown. D. urticoides, Wedd.
560 URTICACEAE (Brown). [ Droguetia.
in Ann. Se. Nat. 4” sér. i. 211, as to the South African plant only.
Parietaria urticefolia, E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 154,
not of Linn.
EasteRN Recion: Natal; between Umtentu River and Umzimkulu River
Drége! Durban, Wood, 939!
3. D. Woodii (N. E. Br.); a herb, probably 3 ft. or more high,
with long slender lax branches ; stem obtusely 4-angled, grooved
down each face, slightly rough, from a somewhat harsh pubescence
of spreading hairs or sometimes the hairs are very scanty or almost
wanting, green; leaves opposite or here and there alternate on weak
branches ; petioles of the stem-leaves 1-2 in. long, of those on the
branches 14-6 lin. long, pubescent ; blades of the stem-leaves 2—4 in.
long, 1-21 in. broad, of those on the branches }~1} in. long and 25-9
lin. broad, ovate, acute or acuminate, broadly cuneate at the base and
with 5-10 large obtuse teeth on each margin, with the terminal tooth
of the larger leaves 2—3 times as long as broad, thinly pubescent and
green on both sides; stipules reflexed, 1-1} lin. long, lanceolate,
acuminate or subulate-pointed, membranous, ciliate ; involucres
bisexual and female intermingled or all female at each node ; bisexual
involucre 1-1? lin. in diam., with about 8 subulate-pointed teeth
about 4 lin. long; female involucre 1-1} lin. long, compressed-ovoid,
with 4 subulate-pointed teeth at the mouth, both involucres pube-
scent with curved hairs; perianth of male flowers much longer than
the teeth of the involucre, concave or somewhat hooded, with an
acuminate point; stigma densely pubescent ; achenes about 2 lin
long, compressed-ovoid, keeled along one margin, rugulose, blackish-
brown.
Eastern Recion: Natal; Inanda, Wood, 1243! and probably a specimen from
the Zuurberg Range, Natal, Wood, 3152, also belongs here, but has much smaller
leaves on the main stem.
4. D. ambigua (Wedd. in Ann. Se. Nat. 4™° sér. i. 211); a herb
apparently 14 ft. or more high; stems obtusely 4-angled, grooved
down each face, thinly and minutely adpressed-puberulous, smooth,
reddish when dried ; leaves opposite, or occasionally alternate on
the branches ; petioles 2-10 lin. long; blades of those on the main
stems 1}-2} in. long, }-1} in. broad, of those on the branches
smaller, ovate, acuminate, broadly cuneate at the base, and with
5-12 obtuse teeth or crenations on each margin, with the terminal
tooth twice or more than twice as long as broad, thinly pubescent
and green above, glabrous or with very few hairs and dull purplish
beneath ; stipules 14-2 lin. long, ovate, subulate-acuminate, spread-
ing, membranous, ciliate, whitish-brown or perhaps pinkish when
alive ; involucres and flowers in arrangement and structure very like
those of D. urticxfolia, but the bisexual involucres are larger and up
to 24 lin. in diam. ; achenes not seen. Wedd. Monogr. Urtic. 543,
partly, excl. synonyms not quoted here and Drége’s plant. D. cuneata,
Buek in DC. Prodr. Index, xiv.—xvii. 122. Parietaria cuneata, Eckl.
Droguetia. | URTICACE (Brown). 561
& Zeyh. ex Krauss in Flora, 1845, 88, and Beitr. Fl. Cap- und Natal.
151. P. capensis, Drége in Linnea, xx. 214, not of Thunberg.
SoutH Arrica : without locality or name of collector, a specimen named by
Weddell in Herb. Kew!
Coast Recion: Knysna Div. ; Blauwkrantz Pass, Zitzikama, 500 ft., Galpin,
4580! Humansdorp Div. ; between Kromme River and Uitenhage, Zeyher, 3866 !
5. D. Burchellii (N. E. Br.); a herb 1-2 ft. high ; stem subterete,
4-srooved, pubescent and slightly harsh to the touch, brownish
when dried ; leaves opposite ; petioles 1-15 lin. long; blades 1-13
in. long, }-1 in. broad, ovate, acute, broadly cuneate at the base
and with 5-10 rather small obtuse teeth on each margin, and
the terminal tooth not or scarcely longer than broad, pubescent and
green on both sides; stipules spreading, 1}-23 lin. long, very
broadly ovate, with a subulate point, membranous, whitish-brown
with a dark midrib; nodes of the short branches and of the upper
part of the stems bearing bisexual involucres, lower nodes of stems
bearing female involucres ; bisexual involucres 1} lin. in diam., con-
taining about 12-14 male and’ 3 female flowers, about 12-toothed,
and the teeth with a subulate tip 4~} lin. long, ciliate with long
spreading hairs ; male perianth with the ovate tip acuminate into a
subulate ciliate point 3 lin. long, like the involucral teeth and
longer than them; female involucre about 2 lin. long; achenes of
the bisexual involucres fused into a mass about ? lin. long and 1 lin.
or more broad ; achenes of the female involucres } lin. long, ovoid,
keeled, very minutely pitted, brown.
Coast Raion: Bathurst Div. ; near Barville Park, Burchell, 4084!
Orper CXXIII MYRICACEZ.
(By J. Hurcninson.)
Flowers unisexual, arranged in bracteate spikes. Perianth 0 ; the
female with a few hypogynous scales (bracteoles) around the base of
the ovary. Male flowers subtended by a solitary bract ; stamens
2—o, usually 4—8 ; filaments short, more or less connate ; anthers
erect, ovoid or broadly oblong, with 2 parallel longitudinally dehis-
cing cells, rarely accompanied by a small subulate rudimentary
ovary. Female flower subtended by a solitary variously shaped
bract and with a whorl of small perianth-like hypogynous scales.
Ovary sessile, 1-celled ; style short, with two spreading or ascending
often flattened branches; ovule 1, erect from the base of the cell,
orthotropous. Drupe small, globose or ovoid, usually strongly
warted, the warts often at length covered with a white waxy sub-
stance ; endocarp hard. Seed erect; testa membranous ; albumen 0 ;
embryo straight, with plano-convex fleshy cotyledons and a short
radicle,
FL, C,—VOL. V.—SECT. II. 20
562 - MyRiIcacEa (Hutchinson).
Trees or shrubs, frequently aromatic; leaves alternate, penninerved, entire,
serrate, dentate or pinnately lobed ; stipules 0; flowers moncecious or more usually
dicecious ; male spikes axillary, usually dense-flowered, solitary (in some extra-
African species fasciculate or paniculate) ; when bisexual then the male flowers
below the female; female spikes sometimes longer or shorter than the male,
mostly axillary.
Distris. A single genus with about 50 species, of which 15 occur within the
limits of this flora, 6 in the Mascarene Islands, 11 in Tropical Africa, and the
remainder are widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere.
The segregation of Myrica into 3 genera by Chevalier (Monogr. Myricaceze, 1901)
is discussed briefly in the Flora of Tropical Africa, vol. vi. ii. p, 307. :
I, MYRICA, Linn.
Characters of the Order.
Leaves sessile, broadly ovate or ovate-orbicular, as broad or
nearly as broad as long, cordate at the base, undulate
or repand-dentate or denticulate, rarely subentire,
usually Jess than 1 in, long Te ne ss ees (1) cordifolia.
Leaves usually more or less petiolate, considerably longer
than broad, rounded or cuneate at the base, mostly
more than 1 in. long:
Rhachis of the 6 inflorescence clearly visible between the
laxly arranged flowers ; floral bracts not imbricate ;
spikes slender ; branchlets glabrous ; leaves oblong-
oblanceolate, entire or with a few blunt incurved
testh towards the apex Gs ve Es ... (2) Burmanni.
Rhachis of the ¢ inflorescence not or only slightly
visible between the flowers, the floral bracts more or
less densely imbricate :
Leaves more or less rounded or obtuse at the base and
subsessile, rarely very shortly cuneate, mostly
entire or nearly so:
Branchlets softly pubescent or pilose with rather
long hairs :
Leaves entire or sparingly and rather obscurely
few-toothed :
Leaves rather acutely acuminate tes .-- (3) dregeana.
Leaves rounded to an obtusely mucronate apex (4) humilis.
Leaves rather acutely crenate-serrate all round
the margin as Bese Hs ne -- (5) elliptica.
Branchlets glabrous or minutely puberulous :
Leaves very densely glandular (or when the glands
have collapsed, punctate) below :
Leaves elliptic or oblong-elliptic, entire or very
obscurely toothed towards the apex, very
thick and rigidly coriaceous ; infructes-
cences about twice as long as the leaves ... (6) kraussiana.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate, often with 3-5 rather
coarse obtuse teeth on each side towards
the apex, rigidly papery ; infructescences
not known, but probably much shorter than
mclaumhinew eo ee eee .-. (7) brevifolia.
Ta
Myrica.| MYRICACE& (Hutchinson), 563
Leaves with very few scattered glands or almost
glabrous below :
Branchlets quite glabrous Bf ee --- (8) ovata.
Branchlets finely puberulous... Si -- (9) myrtifolia.
Leaves narrowly tapered into a distinct petiole at the
base :
Leaves linear or narrowly oblanceolate, entire or
rarely with a few teeth, 4-5 times as long as
broad :
Branchlets greyish and minutely pubescent when
dry vee ie : --- (10) linearis.
Branchlets black and glabrous or nearly so when
dry aig --- (11) glabrissima.
Leaves spathulate-oblanceolate, obscurely and
remotely repand-dentate with 2-4 teeth on each
side... tes a wis ves “<< .-- (12) Zeyheri.
Leaves more or less oblanceolate, distinctly toothed
or incised-lobate :
Leaves oak-like, deeply pinnately lobed with the
lobes spreading at right angles and forming
rather wide sinuses... eke ies ..- (13) quercifolia,
Leaves rather repand serrate BR sus ..- (14) conifera.
Leaves closely and rather deeply crenate with ane
upward pointing teeth oi ‘is .-- (15) ineisa.
1. M. cordifolia (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 1025) ; a much-branched shrub
3-4 ft. high; branches deeply leafy, pubescent or pilose, sometimes
at first quite tomentose ; leaves mostly imbricate, sessile, broadly
ovate or ovate-orbicular, cordate at the base, usually mucronate
from a rounded or obtuse apex, 2-9 lin. long, 24-6 lin. broad, rigidly
coriaceous, usually adpressed to the branch when dry, undulate- or
repand-dentate or denticulate, rarely subentire, glabrous or some-
times glandular and slightly reticulate above, densely resinous-
glandular below, in the dry state often becoming deeply pitted below
on the collapse of the glands; midrib usually distinct on both
surfaces, prominent below, thick at the base, gradually tapered to
the apex of the blade; lateral nerves spreading, mostly incon-
spicuous; margins cartilaginous and slightly recurved; flowers
dicecious ; male inflorescences axillary, usually much shorter than,
rarely as long as, the leaves ; rhachis flexuous, glabrous ; bracts
solitary and below each flower, broadly ovate-triangular, obtuse,
about 4 lin. long, slightly keeled, membranous towards the margin
and shortly jagged-ciliate, otherwise glabrous ; stamens 2; anthers
almost sessile at the apex of a short common filament, oblong-
globose, 3 lin. long, very minutely and closely pitted 3 female inflores-
cence axillary, solitary, about 2 lin. long ; rhachis stout, slightly
glandular, hidden by the overlapping bracts; bracts solitary below
each flower, suborbicular, about } lin. broad, submembranous, shortly
ciliate, otherwise glabrous ; hypogynous scales united for half their
length, 4 lin. long, the free parts ovate, ciliate, fleshy, otherwise
_ glabrous ; ovary ovoid, covered with sessile glands ; style-branches 2,
20 2
564 MYRICACEA (Hutchinson). [ Myrica.
subfiliform, free to near the base, }—} lin. long, exserted from the
bracts ; fruits solitary or-in pairs, shortly stalked, globose, about
1 in. in diam., densely verrucose with a white waxy excretion.
Linn. Syst. Veg. xiv. 884; Thunb. Fl. Oap. ed. Schult. 158; Nouv.
Duham. Traité, ii. 193 ; C. DC. in Ann. Sei. Nat. 4 sér. xviii. 25, t. 3,
fig. 31; DC. Prodr. xvi. ii. 148; A. Cheval. Monogr. Myricac. 168 ;
Marloth, Fl. S. Afr.i. 132, fig. 74, A (by error named M. quercifolia),
and t. 23, fig. B. M. rotundifolia, Salisb. Prodr. 396. M. cordi-
folia, var. microphylla, A. Cheval. le. 170.—Alaternoides ilicis folio
crasso hirsuto, Walther, Hort. iii. t.3. Gale capensis, ilicis, ete., Petiver,
Mus. Petiv. 74. Tithymali facie planta Aithiopica, etc., Plukenet,
Almagest. 373 ; Phytog. t. 319, fig. 7. Coriotragematodendros ilicis
aculeatae folio, Plukenet, Almatheum. 65. Myrica foliis subcordatis
integris sessilibus, J. Burm. Rar. Afr. Pl. 263, t. xeviii. fig. 3.
Sovurn Arrica: without precise locality, Masson! Thom, 596! Villet! Cunning-
ham, Burmann, Roxburgh, Lehmann, Boivin; Verreaux, Vieillard & Deplanche,
Zeyher, 463! Gillies! Mund & Maire! W. Brown!
Coast Region: Cape Div. ; Lion’s Head, Krauss; Cape Flats, Zeyher! Reh-
mann, 2050! Pappe! Camps Bay, Burchell, 894! Alexander (Prior)! Phillips,
237! Worsdell! sandy dunes near Cape Town, Bolus, 2939! Uitvlugt, Wolley-
Dod, 2626! sandy flats near Simons Bay, Frazer! Houts Bay, Schlechter, 965.
Caledon Div.; Genadendal, Verreaux. Riversdale Diy.; Stille Bay, Muir, 176!
Knysna Div.; Baak Hill, near Plettenbergs Bay, Burchell, 5330! Uitenhage
Div. ; Zwartkops and Koega Rivers, Zeyher, 3880! mouth of the Zwartkops River,
Zeyher, 669! and without precise locality, Cooper, 1455! Bathurst Div.; near
Port Alfred, Burchell, 3818! East India Div.; on dry downs along the sea coast
at East London, Galpin, 5679!
This is the well-known Waz-berry bush of the southern coasts of the Cape;
according to Marloth the plant is important in fixing the sand-dunes.
2. M. Burmanni (E. Meyer ex C. DC. in DC. Prodr. xvi. ii. 149) ;
branchlets numerous, crowded, fairly densely leafy, glabrous, when
older marked with a few scattered brown lenticels ; leaves oblong-
oblanceolate, rounded to a very small tip at the apex, obtuse or a
little narrowed at the base, 1-2 in. long, 1—% in. broad, rigidly
coriaceous, entire or with a few blunt incurved teeth towards the
apex, glabrous, punctate below from the collapsed glands; midrib
slightly depressed above, prominent below ; lateral nerves about 8 on
each side of the midrib, visible below ; petiole } lin. long ; flowers
dicecious or moneecious ; spikes unisexual or the upper part male, the
lower female, very slender, axillary, solitary, from about one-third to
half as long as the leaves, with the glabrous and rather stout rhachis
clearly visible between the flowers ; male bracts very broadly ovate,
strongly concave inside, rounded at the apex, } lin. long, glabrous
outside, minutely ciliolate ; stamens 4-5 ; anthers verruculose, } in.
long ; female bracts thinner than the male ; scales rounded, cilio-
late ; ovary small, glabrous; style-arms divergent, flattened, acute,
$ lin. long ; fruits ellipsoid-globose, about 3 lin. long, closely warted,
warts waxy. Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 106 ; A. Cheval. Monogr.
| Myricae. 154, se bat
Myrica, | MYRICACE& (Hutchinson), 565
Coast Recion : Cape Div. ; Rondebosch to Hout Bay, below 1000 ft., Drége, a!
Caledon Div. ; mountains near the mouth of Klein River, Zeyher, 3875! Rivers-
dale Div. ; Langeberg, above Platte Kloof, Muir in Herb. Galpin, 5337 !
Humansdorp Div. ; Zitzikama, about 500 ft., Galpin, 4581 partly! (in Nat
Herb. Pretoria).
According to Galpin, this species is known as ‘‘Zottering Bush.”
3, M. dregeana (A. Cheval. Monogr. Myricac. 155) ; young
branchlets densely leafy, softly pilose-tomentose; leaves oblong-
oblanceolate, acutely acuminate, narrowed to or somewhat rounded
at the base, 1-2} in. long, }—1 in. broad, rigidly chartaceous, glabrous
except the pubescent midrib below; midrib prominent below ;
lateral nerves 6~9 on each side of the midrib, very slender and
slightly prominent below ; veins close but rather obscure on both
surfaces ; petiole about } lin. long, pubescent; flowers diccious ;
male spikes up to # in. long, axillary, solitary ; rhachis hidden by
the flowers, crisped-pubescent ; bracts rhomboid-ovate, | lin. long, a
little longer than broad, very shortly ciliolate in the upper half,
glabrous outside; stamens 2, on very short filaments; anthers
minutely pitted ; female flowers and fruits not known.
Coast Rrecion: George Div.; by the Nuakamma River, Burchell, 5104! Uiten-
hage Div. ; Van Stadensberg Range, 1000-3000 ft., Ecklon & Zeyher, 4! Burchell,
4695 !
Chevalier quotes ‘‘ Drége 4,” but the specimen was undoubtedly collected by
Ecklon and Zeyher.
4. M. humilis (Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, vi. 535); stems
erect, subsimple or with one or two branches in the upper part,
stout, about 2} lin. thick, clothed with scattered sessile glands and
long slender spreading hairs, more or less ridged ; leaves shortly
petiolate, fairly dense, oblong or oblong-elliptic, rounded at the base,
rounded to an obtusely mucronate apex, }-1? in. long, }-1 in.
broad, entire or sparingly crenate-serrate in the upper third, sparingly
pilose with long weak hairs on both sides of the midrib and around
the margin at the base, fairly densely covered with golden glands
below, the latter falling off in the fruiting stage ; midrib conspicuous
on both surfaces, more prominent below ; lateral nerves 7-10 on
each side of the midrib, diverging at a wide angle, some of them
bifurcate about half-way towards the margin, prominent below;
veins fairly close and delicate on the lower surface ; petiole 1-1 lin.
long, broadened at the base, strongly wrinkled and pilose when dry ;
flowers dicecious ; male inflorescence axillary, solitary, ? in. long at
the time of flowering, with conspicuous spreading bracts, rather
dense-flowered ; rhachis densely pubescent ; bracts at the base of
each flower solitary, spathulate-obovate, 2 lin. long, 1} lin. broad,
submembranous, densely glandular outside, long-ciliate ; stamens
4-6 ; filaments connate in the lower half; anthers large, } lin. long,
sparingly pubescent ; female inflorescence much exceeding the leaves,
up to 2 in. long; rhachis fairly slender, densely covered with sessile
=
566 MYRICACE& (Hutchinson). [ Myrica.
glands and long scattered spreading hairs ; bracts solitary, lanceolate,
about 13 lin. long, glandular, ciliate ; hypogynous scales 3, ovate-
triangular, subacute, keeled, 4 lin. long, long-ciliate, coriaceous ;
ovary ovoid, densely warted ; styles longer than the bracts, free to
the base ; fruits subglobose, 24-3 lin. in diam., very densely warted.
C. DC. in DC. Prodr. xvi. ii..150; Bolus & Wolley-Dod in Trans. 8.
Afr. Phil. Soc. xiv. 320; A. Cheval. Monogr. Myric. 158.
SoutH Arrica: without precise locality, Harvey! Desmaret! Bergius, Mund &
Maire, Villet, 2, Hooker, 414¢!
Coast Rearon: Cape Div. ; Table Mountain, Burchell, 618! Worsdell! Cooper,
3484! Galpin, 4583, 2! 4584! above Simons Town, Bolus, 4948, d! between
Table Mountain and Devils Mountain, Pappe! Muizenberg, Phillips, 1699!
Swellendam Div. ; Tradouw Mountains, Bowie! Zuurbraak Mountain, 3000 ft.,
Galpin, 4582! Humansdorp Div. ; Zitzikama, 500 ft., Galpin, 4581 partly! Gin
Nat. Herb, Pretoria)!
5. M. elliptica (A. Cheval. Monogr. Myricac. 166, t. viii. ©,
figs. 1-8 and 10); a shrub 1} ft. high ; branches villous for some
time with long weak pale yellow hairs, rather densely leafy to
the base ; leaves oblong-elliptic or ovate-elliptic, rounded or trun-
cate at the base, rounded in outline at the apex but with an acute
terminal tooth ; those on the older branchlets about 4 in. long and
1 in. broad, on the younger branchlets about 1 in. long and 3-3 in.
broad, rather acutely crenate-serrate, conspicuously nerved, rigidly
chartaceous, pilose mainly on both sides of the midrib ; lateral nerves
about 9 on each side of the midrib, spreading from it at a wide
angle, conspicuous below ; veins not visible ; petiole 1-1} lin. long,
shaggy-pilose ; flowers (according to Chevalier) dicecious; male
spikes short, ovoid, 24 lin. long; bracts ovate, rounded at the apex,
ciliolate ; stamens 4, anthers nearly sessile ; female flowers and fruits
not known.
Sovurn Arrica: without precise locality, Burmann (Herb. Delessert).
Coast Reaion : George Div. ; Cradock Berg, near George, Burchell, 5903 !
6. M. kraussiana (Buching. ex Krauss in Flora, 1845, 89);
branches fairly densely leafy, subsimple, angular or ribbed, 14-2 lin.
thick, conspicuously lenticellate in the lower part, rather densely
glandular ; leaves subsessile, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, rounded at
both ends, 1-13 in. long, 3-1 in. broad, entire or very slightly dentate
towards the apex, very rigidly and thickly coriaceous, more densely
glandular above than below; midrib fairly broad and _ slightly
prominent below ; lateral nerves 7-11 on each side of the midrib,
spreading, forked towards the margin, nearly equally distinct on
both surfaces ; flowers probably diwcious, neither sex seen; male
spikes (according to Krauss) axillary, solitary, sessile, oblong, one-
third to half as long as the leaves; bracts broadly triangular,
spreading, glabrous, ciliolate; stamens 4, anthers subsessile ; in-
fructescences axillary, solitary, 2 in. long; rhachis stout, about
# lin. thick, ribbed when dry, very densely covered with small
Myrica. | MYRiCACEH (Hutchinson). 567
golden glands ; bracts thick and leathery, lanceolate from a rounder
base, 1-1} lin. long, densely covered with small golden coloured
glands; fruits globose, 23-3 lin. in diam., densely covered with
warts, the warts covered with scattered glands.
Coast Reaion: Cape Div. ; among rocks at the top of Steen Berg, 3000 ft.,
Krauss, 1564! Caledon Div. ; Zwart Berg, Bowie!
7. M. brevifolia (E. Meyer ex C. DC. in DC. Prodr. xvi. ii. 150) ;
stems erect from a woody rhizome, simple, dark-purple when dry,
longitudinally ribbed or angular, glandular-puberulous when young,
at length glabrous; leaves fairly densely arranged, ascending,
shortly petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, subacute at both ends, $+1} in.
long, 3-3 in. broad, with 3-5 rather coarse obtuse teeth on each
side in the upper half, rarely a few subentire, rigidly chartaceous,
shining and closely black-spotted, but at first glandular above,
covered with lemon-yellow or orange glands below, the glands with
interspaces about their own width; midrib prominent on both
surfaces, becoming very slender towards the apex of the leaf ; lateral
nerves 7-10 on each side of the midrib, diverging from the midrib
at a wide angle, mostly rather obscure ; petiole 1 lin. long, some-
times hairy ; flowers dicecious ; male inflorescence axillary, solitary,
sessile, about one-third the length of the leaves or less, densely
flowered ; rhachis fairly stout, nearly glabrous, with 3-4 series of
imbricate ovate-triangular obtuse bracts at the base ; bracts at the
base of each flower solitary, broadly obovate-spathulate, scarcely
I lin. long and } lin. broad, membranous-chartaceous, glabrous
except at the very shortly ciliolate apices; stamens usually 2 ;
filaments about 2 lin. long, connate for two-thirds of their length ;
anthers } lin. long ; female inflorescence solitary, axillary, about a
quarter the length of the leaves; rhachis densely covered by the
flowers ; bracts solitary at the base of each flower, very broadly
ovate, almost truncate at the top, submembranous, ? lin. long,
glabrous except for the shortly ciliolate margin ; hypogynous scales
overlapping, suborbicular, ciliate, about 4 lin. broad ; ovary glabrous ;
styles flattened, free to the base, 1} lin. long, glabrous. Drege,
Zwei PA. Documente, 45; A. Cheval. Monogr. Myricac, 158.
Coast Reaton : Stutterheim Div. ; Summit of Dohne Peak, 4600 ft., Galpin,
2458! Queenstown Div.; Winter Berg, 5000-6000 ft., Zeyher, 5! Stockenstrom
Div. ; Kat Berg, grass fields, 4000-5000 ft., Drége, a!
Crentrat REGIon: Somerset Div. ; at the top of the Bosch Berg, 4500 ft.,
MacOwan, 1925!
Katanart Reaion: Transvaal ; Belford, 6000 ft., Worsdell!
According to MacOwan, this Myrica, owing to continual burning over from
grass fires, forms a creeping underground stem often an inch thick.
8. M. ovata (Wendl. £. in Bartl. & Wendl. Beitr. ii. 3); a
glaucescent shrub about 2 ft. high; branches rather elongated,
densely leafy, rather stout, ribbed, marked rather sparingly with
small lenticels, dark coloured and with a glaucous ‘“ bloom,” other-
568 - MYRICACE& (Hutchinson). [ Myrica.
wise glabrous; leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, rounded or very
slightly cordate at the base, subacute at the apex, 1-2 in. long, 3-1
in. broad, rigidly coriaceous, entire, finely reticulate and glabrous
above, slightly glaucous below and with a few scattered golden
glands ; midrib prominent below ; lateral nerves 6-9 on each side of
the midrib, slightly prominent below, branched towards the margin ;
petiole very short, scarcely } lin. long ; tlowers dicecious ; male spikes
axillary, solitary, 3-] in. long, rather dense flowered; rhachis
glabrous ; bracts shortly stipitate, very broadly triangular, auricu-
late, glabrous outside, shortly and rather closely ciliolate ; stamens
4; anthers with short filaments; female spikes about } in. long ;
bracts imbricate, broadly triangular, 3 lin. Jong, 1 lin. broad, sub-
membranous, glabrous outside, shortly ciliolate ; hypogynous scales
orbicular, ciliate; ovary glabrous; style-arms suberect, acute.
A. Cheval, Monogr. Myricac. 157.
Coast Recion: George Div. ; near the Touw River, Burchell, 5739! Knysna
Div. ; near Knysna, Bowie! Burchell, 5486! Uniondale Div. ; near the Keur-
booms River, Burchell, 5143! Humansdorp Div.; grassy hills near Humansdorp,
Kennedy! Uitenhage Div. ; Witteklip and Vanstadens Berg, MacOwan!
9. M. myrtifolia (A. Cheval. Monogr. Myricac. 155, t. vii. fig.
A); older branches fairly stout, covered with greyish-brown bark ;
younger ones densely leafy, minutely puberulous ; leaves oblong or
oblong-elliptic, rather abruptly acute, rounded at the base, }-1} in.
long, }-} in. broad, very obscurely crenulate, coriaceous, glabrous
and finely reticulate on both surfaces; midrib prominent below ;
lateral nerves about 5 on each side, slightly raised on the lower
surface ; petiole about } lin. long, very thick; flowers diccious ;
male spikes axillary, solitary, one-third to a half as long as the
leaves ; rhachis angular, glabrous; bracts stipitate, very broadly
triangular, auriculate in the middle, 1} lin. long, 14 lin. broad,
membranous towards the margin, shortly ciliate; stamens 5 ; fila-
ments short; anthers } lin. long, thick ; female flowers not seen ;
fruiting spikes (according to Chevalier) 1-11 in. long; fruits 1}-2
lin. in diam., subspherical ; endocarp bony, verruculose, otherwise
glabrous.
Coast Recion : Knysna Div. ; near Knysna, Bowie !
10. M. linearis (C. DC. in DC. Prodr. xvi. ii. 154); branches
erect, marked with small distinct scattered lenticels, longitudinally
wrinkled and minutely pubescent, 2-24 lin. thick ; branchlets
leafy, ascending, those of the male softly pubescent, the female
glabrous or pubescent ; leaves linear or narrowly linear-lanceolate,
subobtuse, narrowed at the base into a long slender petiole, 14-3}
in. (usually about 2} in.) long, 3-8 lin. broad, thinly coriaceous,
mostly entire but sometimes a few with 2-4 triangular teeth in
_ the upper part, sometimes with a few scattered hairs but mostly
glabrous on the upper surface, closely reticulate, with a few scattered
Myrica.| MYRICACE& (Hutchinson). 569
glands below which soon fall off; midrib fairly slender, conspicuous
on both surfaces ; lateral nerves numerous, branched towards the
margin, conspicuous on both surfaces ; veins forming a close distinct
network below ; petiole } to nearly } in. long, pubescent or glabrous
like the branchlets ; flowers diccious ; male inflorescences axillary,
solitary, usually as long as or a little longer than the petiole when
mature ; rhachis fairly stout, flexuous, glabrous; bracts solitary,
broadly obovate, obtuse, about } lin. long, submembranous, shortly
ciliolate, otherwise glabrous ; stamens 3-4; filaments connate in
the lower half; anthers } lin. long, oblong; female inflorescence
little longer or twice as long as the petiole ; rhachis stout, pubescent ;
bract solitary, broadly rhomboid, subacute, 3 lin. broad, sub-
chartaceous, ciliolate in the upper half; hypogynous scales elliptic,
fleshy, ciliate at the tips, enclosing the ovary; ovary glabrous;
styles spreading, free to the base, linear-filiform, 4 lin. long; in-
fructescence few-fruited, up to ? in. long; fruits sessile on the
rhachis, globose, 1 lin. in diam., strongly verrucose. A. Cheval.
Monogr. Myricac. 148. M. ethiopica, Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente ,
99; not of Linn. M. conifera, var. subintegra, A. Cheval. Lec.
Coast Recion: Clanwilliam Div. ; near Brakfontein, Pappe! Zeyher! Clan-
william, Zeyher! Schlechter, 8026! Tulbagh Div. ; Winter Hoek, Pappe! Paarl
Div. ; between Paarl and Lady Grey Railway Bridge, below 1000 ft., Drége!
Stellenbosch Div. ; Riverside, Worsdell !
11. M. glabrissima (A. Cheval. Monogr. Myricac. 156) ; a shrub
3 ft. high with glaucous foliage ; branches spreading, rather densely
leafy, glabrous, marked here and there with lenticels; leaves
narrowly oblanceolate, subacute at the apex, gradually tapered into
the petiole at the base, 1-2 in. long, }—3 in. broad, rigidly coriaceous,
entire or rarely obscurely 1—3-toothed, glabrous except for a few
scattered glands below in a young state ; midrib slightly prominent
on the lower surface ; lateral nerves and veins obscure ; petiole 1-3
lin. long ; flowers dicecious ; male spikes axillary, about } in. long,
dense-flowered ; rhachis ribbed, glabrous or nearly so; bracts very
broadly ovate-orbicular or ovate-triangular, obtuse, slightly keeled,
3 lin. long, 1 lin. broad, glandular up the back, shortly ciliate on
the margin ; stamens 4; anthers 3 lin. long; normal female flowers
not seen.
Coast ReGron: Riversdale Div. ; Langeberg Range above Platte Kloof, Muir,
387! George Div. ; Long Kloof, above the source of Keurbooms River, in a rocky
kloof, Burchell, 5081! Port Elizabeth Div.; upper part of Maitland River,
Burchell, 4625!
12. M. Zeyheri (C. DC. in DC. Prodr. xvi. ii. 149); a densely
' leafy shrub 3-4 ft. high ; branches ascending, more or less distinctly
ribbed, softly pubescent ; leaves spathulate-oblanceolate, gradually
narrowed at the base into a rather long petiole, with a triangular
obtuse apex, 1-1} in. long, }-4 in. broad, rigidly coriaceous, obscurely
a70 MYRICACE& (Hutchinson). [ Myrica.
and remotely repand-dentate with 2-4 teeth on each side, minutely
pubescent on the upper surface, rather densely golden-glandular
below, slightly pubescent mainly on the midrib, the latter and the
lateral nerves very obscure; petiole about } in. long, softly
pubescent ; flowers diccious ; male spikes axillary, solitary, about as
long as or slightly longer than the petiole, densely flowered ; bracts
very broadly ovate-triangular, about 1} lin. long, glandular outside
towards the apex, slightly ciliate; stamens 4; anthers subsessile,
3 lin. long, very minutely puberulous ; female spikes about half as
long as the leaves, rather slender and lax-flowered ; rhachis densely
hirsute with slightly reflexed hairs; bracts ovate-oblong, obtuse,
rather thin, 1-14 lin. long, slightly pubescent outside towards the
tips ; scales pubescent ; ovary small, glandular ; styles rather slender,
about 1 lin. long, acute; fruits not seen. A. Cheval. Monogr.
Myricac. 161.
Coast Reaion: Caledon Div. ; mountains near Caledon, Zeyher, 3878 !
18. M. quercifolia (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 1025); a low spreading
bush usually about 1 ft. high; branches densely leafy, grooved,
furfuraceous-pubescent and often glandular; leaves mostly imbri-
cate, shortly petiolate, spathulate-oblanceolate in outline, gradually
narrowed to the base, obtuse at the apex, mostly pinnatisect or very
coarsely repand-dentate, the lobes or teeth spreading from the
midrib almost at right angles, $-14 in. long, 1-2 in. broad, rigidly
coriaceous, reticulate above, densely glandular and at length
pitted below, usually otherwise glabrous but sometimes with
a few scattered hairs on both surfaces; midrib distinct on
both surfaces, prominent below; lateral nerves fairly stout
and conspicuous below; flowers diccious; male inflorescence
axillary, solitary, usually about one-third the length of the leaves ;
rhachis densely flowered, stout, glabrous or pubescent ; bract
solitary below each flower, transversely elliptic or subrhomboid,
about | lin. broad, membranous on the margin, shortly ciliate, other-
wise glabrous or with a few glands outside ; stamens 2—4; filaments
connate in the lower half; anthers ellipsoid-globose, } lin. long,
papillose ; female inflorescence axillary, shorter and more slender
than the males; rhachis fairly stout, rather densely glandular ;
bracts solitary, broadly ovate-orbicular, scarcely 3 lin. broad, shortly
ciliolate, with a few sessile glands on the back ; hypogynous scales
connate in the lower half, enveloping the ovary, shortly ciliate,
otherwise glabrous, somewhat fleshy; ovary small, sparingly
glandular ; styles filiform, nearly 1 lin. long, free to the base ;
fruits solitary or paired, globose, 24 lin. in diam., verrucose, covered
with a white waxy excretion. Willd. Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. ii.
1012; Thunb. Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 159; Lam. Eneyel. ii. 593; Nouv.
Duham. Traité ii. 193 ; Jacq. Fragm. 2, t. i.; DO. Prodr. xvi. ii.
148 ; Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 98, 106, 132; A. Cheval. Monogr.
Myricac. 161 ; Marloth, Fl. S. Afr. t. 23, fig. A, 1-2. M. hirsuta,
Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. viii. n. 6. M. laciniata, Willd. Enum. Hort.
i
Myrica,| MYRICACE& (Hutchinson). 571
Berol.1012. M. ilicifolia, Burm. f. Prodr. Cap. 31. M. quercifolia,
vars. multiformis, microphylla, hirsuta, ilicifolia and latifolia, A.
Cheval. l.c. 163-166, fig. 20.—Laurus africana minor, ete., Commelyn,
Hort. ii. 161, ¢ 81; Ray, Dendr. 85. Coriotragematodendros
africana, Botryos, etc., Plukenet, Almatheum, 65.
Sourn Arrica: without precise locality, Burmann! Villet! Pappe! Wallich !
Roxburgh | Petit Thouars! Bowie! Lehmann! Boivin! Vaillant! Masson! Mune &
Maire! Harvey!
Coast Recton: Paarl Div.; Achter de Paarl, Drége, a! Cape Div. ; various
localities, Table Mountain, etc., Verreaux, Ecklon, 549! Kolbe, 2478, partly !
Pappe! Zeyher, 1553! Burchell, 724! Wilms, 3633! 3634! Drake! Boivin, 536!
Krauss! Phillips, 4295! Wolley-Dod, 2627! Diimmer, 72! Worsdell! Caledon
Div. ; Zwartberg Range, Zeyher, 3879! George Div. ; by the Nuakamma rivulet,
Burchell, 5103! Uitenhage Div.; Addo, Drége, c! Vanstadens Berg, Zeyher!
Algoa Bay, Zeyher, 749 ! Humansdorp Diy. ; between Tweefontein and Essenbosch,
Burchell, 4827! north side of Kromme River, Burchell, 4878! Albany Div. ;
hills near Grahamstown, Bolus, 1274! Bowie, 495! eastern side of Zwartwater
Poort, Burchell, 3433! Komgha Div. ; grassy slopes near Keimouth, Flanagan,
2582 !
14, M. conifera (Burm. f. Prodr. Cap. 31) ; a shrub or moderate-
sized tree; branches softly and shortly tomentose, glabrous or
glandular, lenticellate, leafy nearly their whole length; leaves
oblanceolate or linear-oblanceolate, long-attenuated into the petiole
at the acute base, subacutely triangular and mucronate at the apex,
24—44 (usually about 4) in. long, $—1 in. broad, rigidly chartaceous,
entire or rather distantly and coarsely serrate in the upper half or
two-thirds, closely reticulate and punctulate above, minutely glan-
dular below, shortly pubescent towards the base of the midrib ;
midrib prominent on both surfaces, narrow ; lateral nerves usually
more conspicuous above than below, 12-15 on each side of the
midrib, diverging at a fairly wide angle, usually 2-furcate ; veins
scarcely conspicuous ; petiole 3-4 lin. long, puberulous ; flowers
dicecious or moncecious ; male spikes clustered or solitary, densely
flowered, more or less 1 in. long ; rhachis rather densely pubescent ;
bracts very broadly obovate, with an auricle on each side towards
the base, 1 lin. long and broad, submembranous, glandular on the
back towards the middle, ciliate; stamens 4 or 5; filaments un-
equally connate in the lower half; anthers rounded, 4 lin. long,
minutely papillose ; female inflorescence densely flowered, clustered
or solitary, } in. long or less ; rhachis tomentulose ; bracts very
broadly triangular-ovate, subacute, } lin. long, 1 lin. broad, thinly
chartaceous, pubescent and glandular outside ; bracteoles fleshy,
broadly obovate, ciliate, pubescent outside ; ovary pubescent ; styles
shortly connate at the base, slender, nearly 1 lin. long; fruits
ellipsoid-globose, 2} lin. long, strongly warted. A. Cheval. Monogr.
Myricac. 144, inel. vars. tomentosa, A. Cheval., banksifolia,
A. Cheval., and glabra, A. Cheval. lc. 147-8; Hutchinson in
Prain, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. ii. 314. M. zethiopica, Linn. Mant.
Alt. 278; Engl. Jahrb. xxx. 291; R. E. Fries, Rhod.-Kongo-
Exped. 12. M. serrata, Lam. Encyel. ii. 593. M. capensis, Hort.
572 MYRICACE& (Hutchinson). [ Myrica.
ex Steud. Nom. ed. ii, 173. M. banksiefolia, Wendl. Collect. i. 70.
M. natalensis, C. DC. in DO. Prodr. xvi. ii. 148 ; A. Cheval. Le. 149.
SourH Arrica: without locality; Brown! Frazer! Harvey, 403! Banks &
Solander ! Masson |
Coast Reaion: Worcester Div. ; banks of streams in Hex River Valley, Tyson,
755! Paarl Div. ; Berg River, Alecander! various localities, Burchell, 40! Ecklon,
42! Worsdell! Pappe! Wallich! Kolbe, 2478, partly! Wolley-Dod, 2375! Bolus,
2938! Diimmer, 1473! Robertson! Nelson! Stellenbosch Div.; Hottentots
Holland, Pappe! Swellendam Div.; mountains near Swellendam, © Bowie!
Caledon Div. ; Houw Hoek, Burchell, 8109! Schlechter, 7365! mountains bear
Genadendal, Burchell, 8621! Knysna Div. ; Vlugt Valley, Bolus, 2468 ! Knysna,
Bowie! Uniondale Div. ; rocky hill near Haarlem, Burchell, 5026! Humansdorp
Div. ; Diep River, Bolus, 2469 ! Uitenhage Div. ; various localities, Burchell, 4270!
Zeyher, 128! 3876! Drége! Mund! Port Elizabeth Div. ; Krakakamma, Mac-
Owan, 1080! Bathurst Div.: mouth of the Kowie River, Atherstone! Albany
Div. ; along the rivulet at Grahamstown, Burchell, 3554; bank of river south of
Signal Hill, Grahamstown, Galpin, 2921; Atherstone, 18! MacOwan, 1407!
Stutterheim Div. ; Fort Cunninghame, 3000 ft., Sim, 2029 !
Eastern Recion: Transkei; Kentani district, Pegler, 883 ! East Griqualand ;
banks of the Umzimkulu River, 7'yson, 2556; Natal; Inanda, Wood, 985! near
Durban, Wood, 9956! Friedenau Farm, Rudatis, 399! Ifafa Valley, Rudatis, 1422!
and without precise locality, Gerrard, 103! 1659! Gueinzius, 55!
KataHart Recon: Transvaal; near Barberton, Thorncroft, 620! 43531! near
Lydenburg, Wilms, 1353 ! Macamac, Burtt-Davy, 1454 !
Occurs also in Angola, East Africa, Nyasaland and Rhodesia.
15. M. incisa (A. Cheval. Monogr. Myricac. 150); older branches
leafless, covered with light grey bark ; branchlets short, glandular,
slightly villous with scattered hairs ; leaves lanceolate-oblong or
lanceolate-linear, rounded or obtuse at the apex, long wedge-shaped
at the base, 14-1? in. long, about } in. broad, deeply dentate, some-
times irregularly so, with 3-5 nerves on each side of the midrib,
covered with little glands on the upper surface, scarcely reticulate,
reddish below with a great number of glands, furnished with a few
hairs on the nerves, the midrib very conspicuous, the lateral nerves
rather conspicuous ; petiole 14-2 lin. long, puberulous ; male inflores-
cences }—} in. long, with a glabrous rhachis ; bracts ciliate, devoid
of glands ; stamens 4 ; filaments short ; anthers puberulous ; females
not known. Myrica foliis oblongis, opposite sinuatis, J. Burm. Rar.
Afr. Pl. 262, t. 98, fig. 1.
Sovrn Arrica : without definite locality, Burmann (Herb. Delessert).
_ Coast Reeion: Caledon Div. ; Zwartberg, Worsdell !
I have not seen the original of this species ; Chevalier says it is exactly inter-
mediate between M. quercifolia and M. conifera, and suggests that it may be a
hybrid from these two species. Mr. Worsdell’s specimen from the Zwartberg
agrees very well with the figure in Burmann ; in this figure there are infructescences,
a fact nada by Chevalier in his description, of. which the above is
BETULACE& (Skan), 573
OrDER CXXIV. BETULACE.
By 8. A. Sran.
Flowers moncecious, the male in pendulous catkins, the female in
erect or pendulous catkins or in budlike heads. Male flowers:
Perianth simple, membranous, 4- or fewer-lobed, sometimes 0.
Stamens 2-12; filaments free, usually as well as the anthers more
or less split ; anther-cells 2, erect, parallel, sometimes pilose at the
apex, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary rudiment none. Female
Alowers: Perianth minute or sometimes nearly completely adnate to the
ovary, often 0. Ovary inferior, crowned with the annular or toothed
perianth or naked, 2-celled, often more or less laterally compressed ;
styles 2, free, filiform. Ovules | in each cell, pendulous, anatropous,
provided with | integument. Fruit a nut or nutlet, ovoid-globose
or usually laterally compressed, sometimes winged, more or less
enveloped in the variously connate often much accrescent herbaceous
membranous or woody bracts and bracteoles. Seed usually soli-
tary by abortion, exalbuminous; testa membranous ; cotyledons
fleshy, smooth, rugose or ruminate ; radicle short, superior.
Trees or shrubs ; leaves alternate, pinnately veined, toothed, sometimes more or
less lobed, rarely entire; stipules caducous; inflorescences terminal or lateral ;
flowers 1-3 in the axils of scale-like or sometimes leafy bracts, appearing in spring
with or before the leaves or rarely in the autumn.
Disrris. Genera 6 and species about 80, chiefly in Europe, Temperate Asia
and North America, 1 in North and South Africa and a few in Central and South
America.
Betulacex is here defined as in Winkler’s Monograph in Engler’s Das Pflanzen-
reich. It comprises the tribes Betulew and Corylex of Cupulifere in Bentham
and Hooker’s Genera Plantarum.
I. ALNUS, Linn.
Male flowers usually 3 to each bract of the catkin ; bracteoles
3-5, more or less united to the bract. Perianth sessile, deeply
4-lobed. Stamens 4, opposite to the perianth-lobes ; filaments very
short, undivided ; anthers dorsifixed, ovate, not pilose at the apex.
Female flowers usually 2 to each scale-like bract of a cylindric or
ellipsoid erect spike ; bracteoles 2~4, united to the base of the bract.
Perianth 0. Ovary naked, sessile, compressed, 2-celled ; styles 2,
eylindric, short. Ovules solitary in each cell, pendulous ; micropyle
superior. Fruiting-spikes cone-like, ovoid or ellipsoid, with the
somewhat accrescent bracts and bracteoles woody and persisting
after the fall of the nutlets. Nutlets small, compressed, 2-winged
or wingless. Seed 1 by abortion ; cotyledons fiat.
574 BETULACE& (Skan). | Alnus.
Trees or shrubs, often growing in wet places ; leaves alternate, deciduous, toothed,
sometimes slightly or deeply lobed, rarely entire ; stipules enclosing the leaf in bud,
caducous ; catkins or spikes 2-4 or more, usually distinctly pedunculate, racemosely
arranged in terminal or axillary clusters.
Distrrp, Species 17, chiefly in Europe, Temperate Asia and North America,
1 in North and South Africa and a few in Central and South America.
.
1. A. glutinosa (Gertn. De Fruct. ii. 54, t. 90, fig. 2); usually a
small tree, but sometimes reaching a height of 50-60 or even 100 ft.,
often a large bush; bark in young trees smooth and greenish,
afterwards brownish-black and rough ; branchlets usually glabrous,
glandular; leaves broadly obovate, suborbicular or sometimes
ovate-elliptic, 14-4 in. long, 14-3} in. broad, rounded, truncate or
retuse at the apex, usually cuneate at the base, sometimes slightly
lobed, callose-serrate, dark green, glabrous and shining above, light
green, hairy along the principal veins and in their axils beneath,
glutinous when young; petiole up to 1} in. long, glabrous or
pubescent ; stipules ovate to lanceolate, obtuse, glandular-hairy on
the margin; catkins 3-6, racemosely arranged on short terminal or
subterminal branchlets ; male catkins pendulous, cylindric, 14—4 in.
long ; female catkins erect, at first cylindric, green, up to 5 lin.
long, when mature ovoid, cone-like, black, 5-9 lin. long; nutlets
obovate, about 1} lin. long, wingless or with a narrow coriaceous
wing. Harv. Gen. S. Afr. Pl. ed. 2, 347; Sowerby, Engl. Bot. ed.
Syme, viii. 178, t. 794; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 1180; Battand. & Trab.
Fl. Algér. 818; Winkler in Engl. Pflanzenr. Betulac. 115; Elwes &
Henry, Trees Gt. Brit. & Irel. iv. 937. Alnus [sp.], Drége, Zwei Pfl.
Documente, 99,101. Betula Alnus glutinosa, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 983.
B. Alnus, Scop. Fl. Carn, ed. 2, ii. 233. B. glutinosa, Lam. Encycl.
i. 454. For full synonymy see Winkler, Lc.
Coast Recron : Paarl Div. ; by the Berg River, near Paarl, and between Paarl
and French Hoek, Drége, 8253! Cape Div.? Banks & Solander !
“The common Alder (Alnus glutinosa) is found throughout the colony,
rata but whether truly so or not I cannot say ” (Harvey, Gen. 8. Afr.
Also in nearly the whole of Europe, Siberia, Western Asia and North Africa.
Naturalised in the North-Eastern United States of America.
OrpeR CXXV. SALICINEZ.
(By 8. A. Sxan.)
Flowers diecious, one under each bract, in cylindric catkins or
more rarely in racemes, ebracteolate. Perianth 0. Disc of 2 gland-
like scales, one posterior, the other anterior, or one only and then
posterior, sometimes cup-shaped, obliquely truncate, crenate or
variously lobed. Male flowers: stamens 2 to many ; filaments
SALICINES (Skan). 575
free or connate; anthers ovate or oblong, affixed at the base or at
the back near the base ; cells 2, distinct, parallel, dehiscing longi-
tudinally ; rudiment of the ovary 0. Female flowers: ovary sessile
or shortly stalked, l-celled; placentas 2-4, parietal; style short
or 0; stigmas 2—4, rather thick, emarginate or 2-fid and lobed;
ovules 2 to many, in 2 to many series, ascending, anatropous. Cap-
sule ovoid or lanceolate, 2-4-valved. Seeds few or many, small or
minute, each with numerous long silky hairs arising from the
funicle; testa very thin; albumen 0; cotyledons plano-convex ;
radicle short, inferior.
Trees or shrubs ; leaves alternate, entire, toothed or sometimes lobed, nearly
always deciduous ; stipules free, small, scale-like and deciduous or larger, leafy,
and persistent ; flowers in catkins; catkins axillary and sessile or terminating
short branches, appearing before or with the leaves, pendulous or erect, often
silky-villous ; bracts membranous, caducous or sometimes in the female catkins
persisting till the ripening of the fruits.
Distris. Genera 2 and species about 210, widely dispersed in the Arctic,
Temperate and Tropical Regions of both hemispheres, most frequent in Europe,
_ Temperate Asia and North America, usually on the banks of streams or in moist
places, sometimes in Alpine Regions; absent from Australasia and the Pacific
Islands. Salix alone is indigenous in South Africa, but according to Marloth
(Fl. 8. Afr. i. 1380) Populus canescens, Smith, and P. nigra, Linn., var.
pyramidalis, Spach, are well acclimatised there. P. canescens has been met with
in the Transvaal (Burtt-Davy, 188).
I. SALIX, Linn.
Flowers diccious. Disc of very small fleshy gland-like scales.
Male flowers: Stamens 2-8 or sometimes up to 12; filaments fili-
form, free or rarely more or less connate; anthers ovate, usually
small. Female flowers: Ovary sessile or shortly stalked, 1-celled ;
placentas 2; style often short or none; stigmas 2, retuse or 2-fid.
Ovules usually 4-8 on each placenta, 2-seriate, Capsule 2-valved.
Seeds of the order.
Trees or shrubs; leaves alternate, entire or toothed, pinnately veined, often
narrow ; stipules free, small and deciduous or larger leafy and persistent ; flowers
in catkins ; catkins usually dense and erect, axillary and sessile or terminating
short branches, appearing before or with the leaves ; bracts small, entire or rarely
toothed.
Distrrs. Species 180-190, with the range of the order.
S. fragilis, Linn., appears to have been introduced into the Cape Peninsula. A
specimen (no. 2517) without catkins, apparently correctly named, was collected
by Wolley-Dod at Orange Kloof.
‘A specimen from the Cape (Ecklon ? 714 in Herb. Horn.) has been identified by
Fries (Nov. Fl. Suec. Mant. i. 77) with S. australis, Hildenb. and Boj. I suspect
that it is the closely allied S$. capensis.
576 SALCINIEE (Skan). [Salia.
Leaves glabrous or if pubescent when young soon
glabrescent :
Leaves up to 6 lin, broad, usually much narrower ;
disc-gland very small ; style none or very short:
Branchlets very slender and usually short ; leaves
2-2 in, long, rarely longer vex eve ... (1) capensis.
Branchlets much stouter and usually long ; leaves
up to 44 in. long, rarely less than 24 in. long... (2) Woodii.
‘Leaves up to 74 lin. broad; disc-gland in the female
flower relatively long ; style prominent ... ... (3) crateradenia.
Leaves densely clothed on the underside with a some-
what persistent grey silky or felt-like pubescence :
Leaves narrowly lanceolate to broadly linear, up to 44
in. long, usually more than 24 in. long ... ..» (2) Woodii, var.
Wilmsii.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, usually 1-14 in.
long or less, rarely up to 2} in. long ree ... (4) hirsuta.
1. 8. capensis (Thunb. Fl. Cap. i. 139, and ed. Schult. 31); a
shrub or tree up to 50 ft. high or more, very much branched ;
branchlets very slender, sometimes more or less pubescent when
young, quite glabrous, often shining and reddish to dark brown
when older ; leaves narrowly lanceolate or lanceolate, rarely broadly
lanceolate, usually 3-1} in., rarely up to 2 in. long, 14-3 lin., rarely
up to 6 lin. broad, often thin, becoming more or less coriaceous,
acute to acuminate at the apex, more or less cuneate at the base,
entire or closely or remotely serrulate, glabrous or sometimes slightly
pubescent when young, green on both sides or green above and
glaucescent beneath; petiole }-2 lin. long; stipules minute or 0;
catkins appearing with the leaves ; peduncles 2-12 lin. long, bearing
1-5 shortly stalked or subsessile leaves similar to the others but
usually smaller ; male catkins narrowly cylindric, $-1} in. long;
bracts ovate to elliptic or suborbicular, 3-1 lin. long, 3-3 lin. broad,
more or less villous inside, villous outside or glabrous except at the
base, sometimes nearly quite glabrous ; disc-glands fleshy, scarcely
} lin. long ; stamens 4-8 (usually 5 or 6); filaments villous below
the middle ; female catkins cylindric or oveid, }-1 in. long ; rhachis
glabrous to densely villous ; bracts as in the male, soon deciduous ;
dise-gland cup-shaped, nearly or quite surrounding the pedicel, about
4 lin. long ; pedicel $-1} lin. long ; ovary narrowly ovoid, 1-1} lin.
long, glabrous ; style very short or none; capsule ovoid, 14-2} lin.
long. F; ries in Ofvers. Vet.-Akad Férhandl. Stockh. xiii. (1856) 121 ;
Anderss. in Vet.-Akad. Handl. Stockh. vi. (1867) no. 1, 13, t. 1, fig. 11,
and in DC. Prodr. xvi. ii. 197 ; Sim, For. Fl. Cape Col. 328, t. 146
(var. a, normalis, Sim); Marloth, Fl. S. Afr. i. 130, figs. 72-73;
Skan in. Prain, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. ii. 319. S h shotigg, SO
Prodr. 6, not of Linn. op. Afr. vi. ii . S. egyptiaca, Thun
Var. 8, gariepina (Anderss. in Vet.-Akad. Handl. Stockh. vi. (1867) no. 1, 13,
and in DC. Prodr. xvi. ii. 197); diffusely branched or the iiuals branches
tira slender and often 1-2 ft. long; leaves narrowly lanceolate to linear-
anceolate, usually 13-24 in. long, often about 3 lin. but sometimes up to 54 lin.
broad, long-acuminate, minutely serrulate; catkins erect or suberect ; capsules
Pes
Saliz. | - SALICINEE (Skan). 577
usually larger. Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. Append. iii. 50; Sim, For.
Fl. Cape Col. 29. S. gariepina, Burch. Trav. i. 817, t.6; Drége, Zwei Pf.
Documente, 217 (S. garipina) ; Pappe, Silva Cap. 30; Fries in Ofvers. Vet.-Akad.
Forhandl. Stockh. xiii, (1856) 121. 8S. xgyptiaca? Drége, lc. 96, not of Linn.
nor of Thunb. :
Var. y, mucronata (Anderss, in Vet.-Akad. Handl. Stockh. vi. (1867) no. 1,
14, excl. forma pubescens, and in DC. Prodr. xvi. ii. 198); leaves rather thicker,
oblanceolate or lanceolate, often broadest near the apex, 9-10 lin. long, 24-34 lin.
broad in the broadest part, subacute or rounded at the apex, mucronate, pallid
beneath ; catkins densely villous. Sim, For. Fl. Cape Col. 329. S. mucronata,
— Thunb. Prodr. 6, and Fi. Cap. ed. Schult. 31; Fries, Nov. Fl. Suec. Mant. i.
76, and in Ofvers Vet.-Akad. Férhandl. Stockh. xiii, (1856) 120.
SourH Arrica: without precise locality, Masson! Thom! Oldenburg, 967 !
1155! Var. 8: without precise locality, Drege, a! Var. y: without precise locality,
Thunberg, Ecklon, 1256.
Coast Ruaion: Clanwilliam Div., Zeyher! Tulbagh Div.; near Tulbagh,
Thunberg. Tulbagh Waterfall, Pappe! New Kloof, 500 ft., Schlechter, 9016!
9017; Ceres Div, ; between Ceres and Leeuwfontein, 2000 ft., Pearson, 3255!
Worcester Div.; banks of streams on mountains near Worcester, 1500 ft.,
MacOwan in MacOwan & Bolus, Herb. Norm. Austr.-Afr. 1645! Uitenhage
Div. ; Zeyher, 147! Tredgold, 35! Enon, on the Witte River, Giii! Queenstown
Div. ; Shiloh, 3500 ft., Baur, 935! Zwart Kei and Klipplaat Rivers, 2200-3500
ft., Galpin, 7873! British Kaffraria, Cooper, 223! Eastern Districts, Cooper, 48 !
Var. 6: Clanwilliam Div. ; Wupperthal, Drége, d, Wurmb. Caledon Div. ;
Genadenthal and Zondereinde River, Dréye, e. Var. y: Paarl Div.; damp
meadows by the Berg River near Paarl, below 500 ft., Drége, 8251!
CENTRAL REGION: Calvinia Div.; Hantam, Zhunberg. Somerset Div.;
Somerset, Bowker! between the Great and Little Fish Rivers, 2500 ft., Mac-
Owan, 468! Graaff Reinet Div. ; on the banks of the Sundays River near Graaff
Reinet, 2500 ft., Bolus, 468! Aliwal North Div.? by the Orange River, Atherley,
109! Var. 8: Aliwal North Div. ; banks of the Orange River near Aliwal North,
4300 ft., Drege, b! Philipstown Div.; Orange River near Petrusville, Burchell,
2669! Prieska Div.; banks of the Orange River, Burckell, 1637 !
Western Region: Var. 8: Great Namaqualand; on the Orange River, Fleck,
308 a. Aris Drift, Schenck, 235, Pohle. Little Namaqualand; on the banks of
the Groen River, below 1000 ft., Drége! by the Orange River at Ramans Drift,
700 ft , Pearson, 3111! river bed, south of Tweefontein, 2700 ft., Pearson, 3759!
Karanart Region : Transvaal ; Rustenburg District, Miss Nation, 302! Var. B:
banks of the Vaal River, Nelson, 171!
EasteRN ReGion: Tembuland; Bazeia, 2000 ft., Baur, 512! Natal ; Coast
land, Sutherland !
Also in Rhodesia.
Drége’s specimen from the banks of the Groen River, Little Namaqualand,
labelled at Kew ‘‘ Salix an’ agyptiaca, L.?” is very probably the form of the
variety gariepina distinguished by Andersson (Vet.-Akad. Handl. Stockh. vi.
(1867) no. 1, 14) as axillaris, in which the catkins are in the axils of persistent
leaves. In the material at Kew the catkins are very young. Andersson’s form
puberula (l.c.) of the same variety may be represented by Drége’s specimen d
from Camdebvo, Aberdeen Division. I have seen only a sterile shoot, the leaves
of which are markedly different from those of any form of S. capensis.
2. 8. Woodii (Seemen in Engl. Jahrb. xxi. Beibl. 53, 53); a
shrub up to 10 ft. high; branches more or less pubescent or some-
times densely grey-tomentose when young, soon glabrescent, red-
brown when older; leaves narrowly lanceolate to broadly linear,
13-4} in. long, 2-6 lin. broad, long-acuminate, narrowed at the
base, closely or sometimes remotely serrulate, rarely nearly quite
FL. ©.—VOL. V.—SECT. 11. Te oe
sn wg a eRINE
578 SALICINE (Skan). | Salix.
entire, sometimes covered with greyish or yellowish silky hairs
when very young and not fully developed, quickly glabrescent and
often glaucescent beneath, coriaceous, rather prominently veined ;
petiole 14-5 lin. long ; stipules minute, caducous ; catkins appearing |
with the leaves, axillary, shortly pedunculate, subtended by 1-4
small lanceolate entire leaves; male: narrowly cylindric, }-1} in.
long, 2-24 lin. broad; bracts ovate, }-1} lin. long, rounded to
acute at the apex, densely villous on both sides ; disc-glands fleshy,
about } lin. long, the upper cylindric (sometimes wanting), the
lower broad entire or lobed ; stamens 4—9 ; filaments villous on the
lower half ; female: cylindric, rather lax, }-1} in. long; bracts as
in the male ; disc-gland half or completely surrounding the pedicel, i
fleshy, notched or lobed ; pedicel # lin. long, 1-1} lin. long in fruit ; j
ovary narrowly ovoid, tapering at the apex, about 14 lin. long,
glabrous ; style 0; stigma 4-lobed ; capsule ovoid, 14-23 lin. long.
Wood, Handb. Fl. Natal, 121. S. natalensis, Wimm. ex Anderss. in
Vet.-Akad. Handl. Stockh. vi. (1867) no. 1, 14. S. Zeyheri, Sond. ex
Fries in Ofvers. Vet-Akad. Férhandl. Stockh. xiii, (1856) 121;
Anderss. in Vet.-Akad. Handl. Stockh. vi. (1867) no. 1, 14 (S. Zeiher?).
——
Var. 8, Wilmsii (Skan) ; leaves more persistently clothed especially on the
underside with a dense grey silky indumentum, at length glabrescent and glauces-
cent, quite entire or sometimes very obscurely and remotely serrulate. S. Wilmsii, )
Seemen in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. Beibl. 64, 9.
Katanari Recion: Orange River Colony, without precise locality, Cooper,
3160! Transvaal; Bruderstroom, Houtboschberg, Nelson, 424! Houtbosch,
Rehmann,6509 ! Magalies Berg, Burke, 330! Zeyher, 1552! along the Vaal River,
near Bloemhof, Burtt-Davy, 1503! Crocodile River, Miss Leendertz, 715! Burke!
Lydenberg, at 5200 ft., Schlechter, 3938! Komati Poort, at 1000 ft., Schlechter,
11847! Wonderboompoort, Pretoria, Rehmann, 4532! Derde Poort, near Pretoria,
Miss Leendertz, 374! Var. 8: near Lydenberg, Wilms, 1350! 1351, 1352.
Zoutpansberg District ; close to Haenertsburg, common along the Bruderstroom,
eee 1266! River side, Umlomati Valley, near Barberton, 4000 ft., Galpin,
Eastern Recion: Natal; Drakensberg Mountains, near Newcastle, Wilms
2276 ! Biggarsberg Range, Rehmann, 7055! on the banks of the Mooi River at
6500 ft., Schlechter, 3341! Rovelo Hills, 7000 ft., Sutherland! Weenen County,
banks of the Tugela River, Rudatis, 1580! near Colenso, Wood, 4970! near
Durban, Gueinzius, 136. :
3. 8. crateradenia (Seemen in Engl. Jahrb. xxvii. Beibl. 64, 9) ;
a tree with dark red-brown branchlets which are shortly grey-
tomentose at the ends ; buds also tomentose ; leaves lanceolate or
oblong, up to 2 in. long, 74 lin. broad, acute, narrowed to the base,
remotely serrulate, leathery, yellow-green and somewhat shining
above, grey-green beneath ; midrib paler, prominent on both sides ;
lateral nerves irregularly curved, prominent ; petiole about } in.
long, at first shortly grey-tomentose, afterwards glabrescent ; male
catkins not seen; female catkins appearing with the leaves,
terminating a shortly grey-hairy branchlet 5 lin. long bearing 3
or 4 oblong leaves up to | in. long and 5 lin. broad, broadly
ellipsoid, up to 10 lin. long, 74 lin. thick, loosely flowered ; rhachis
Saliz. | SALICINEA (Skan). 579
densely grey-tomentose ; bracts wanting ; capsule ellipsoid, obtuse,
at first shortly grey-hairy, afterwards glabrescent ; pedicels about
two-thirds as long as the capsule; style distinct ; stigmas short,
thick, laterally curved, emarginate ; glands about a quarter as long
as the pedicel which they completely surround as a little fleshy cup,
higher in front, emarginate above.
Katanarti Reaion : British Bechuanaland, Passarge, 41 of 1896.
Native name ‘‘Machogari.”
4, 8. hirsuta (Thunb. Prodr. 6) ; ashrub about 6 ft. high ; branches
at first densely whitish-villous, later glabrescent, brown and some-
what rugose; leaves oblong-lanceolate, sometimes ovate-lanceolate
or lanceolate, the largest 2} in. long and 1 in. broad, usually 1-1}
in. long and 5-6 lin. broad, smaller on the catkin-bearing branchlets
or peduncles, mucronate, acute or acuminate at the apex, rounded to
cuneate at the base, entire or sometimes remotely and obscurely
serrulate, thinly covered above and densely beneath with grey silky
hairs, sometimes subglabrescent above; petiole 13-3 lin. long ;
stipules brown, membranous, obliquely ovate, #-1 lin. long, silky-
hairy, soon deciduous ; catkins appearing with the leaves ; peduncle
4—6 lin. long, bearing 2—4 subsessile lanceolate leaves, 6—9 lin. long
and 23-3 lin. broad ; male catkins cylindric, 8-15 lin. long, 2-3 lin,
broad, densely white-tomentose on rhachis and bracts ; bracts ovate
to obovate, about 1 lin. long and # lin. broad ; disc-glands fleshy,
about 4 in. long, irregularly lobed, crenulate or emarginate ; stamens
3-7 ; filaments villous; female catkins (in fruit) ovoid-cylindric,
6-12 lin. long, rather dense ; disc-gland rather more than 4} lin.
long, irregularly toothed, completely surrounding the pedicel ; pedicel
1-2 lin. long; capsule ovoid, 14-2 lin. long, 1} lin. broad, glabrous.
Thunb. Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 31; Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 695; Fries, Nov.
Fl. Suec. Mant. i. 77, and in Ofvers. Vet.-Akad. Férhandl. Stockh.
xiii. ; (1856) 120; Trautv. Salicetum, 17 ; Drége, Zwei Pl. Documente,
217; Krauss in Flora, 1845, 88. 8S. capensis, var. hirsuta, Anderss.
in Vet.-Akad. Handl. Stockh. vi. (1867) no. 1, 14, and in DC. Prodr,
xvi. ii. 198 ; Sim, For. Fl. Cape Col. 329. 8S. mucronata, Drége, l.c.
68, 70, 109, partly, not of Thunb.
Var. 8, parvifolia (Skan); leaves much smaller (only 5-8 lin. long and 14-2
lin. broad), less densely covered with white silky hairs, often soon glabrescent.
S. capensis, Thunb., var. mucronata, forma pubescens, Anderss. in Vet.-Akad. Handl,
Stockh, vi. (1867) no. 1, 14.
Soutn Arrica: without locality, Thunberg, Pappe! Masson !
Coast Region: Clanwilliam Div. ; Berg Valley, under 500 ft., Drége, b!
between Lange Valley and Oliphants River, 1000-1500 ft., Drége, c. Cape Div. ;
on rivulets near Constantia, Krauss. Stellenbosch Div., Harvey !
CentTRAL Reeion: Calvinia Div. ; between Grasberg River and Watervals River,
2500-3000 ft., Drége, a!
WestTERN Reaion: Var. 8: Little Namaqualand; between Pedros Kloof and
Lily Fontein, 3000-4000 ft., Drége ! ‘ 3
Sg
580 CERATOPHYLLE& (Skan).
Orpen CXXV. A. CERATOPHYLLEZ.
(By 8. A. SKanN.)
Flowers moneecious. Perianth thinly herbaceous or submem-
branous, equal; segments 6-12, subvalvate, often toothed or
lacerated at the apex. Male: stamens 10-20, crowded on a flat or
convex torus ; filaments very short ; anthers linear-oblong, equalling
the perianth ; cells 2, linear, parallel, adnate, dehiscing longitudin-
ally ; connective produced beyond the cells into a thick coloured
usually 2- or 3-toothed appendage. Female: ovary 1, sessile, ovoid,
l-celled ; style terminal, linear-subulate, persistent; stigma unl-
lateral ; ovule 1, pendulous, anatropous. Fruit 1-seeded, leathery,
indehiscent, ovoid or ellipsoid, somewhat compressed, tipped with
the hardened style, sometimes with 2—4 spreading or reflexed spines
at the base, wingless or surrounded by a narrow or broad leathery
toothed wing, smooth or tuberculate. Seed pendulous ; testa mem-
branous; albumen 0; embryo straight, with oblong rather thick
equal cotyledons; radicle very short; plumule large, many-leaved.
Aquatic herbs with elongated leafy floating branches ; leaves verticillate, 2-fid
or dichotomously divided ; segments linear or filiform, somewhat rigid, usually
toothed ; flowers axillary, solitary, very small, sessile, the male and female
alternating at the nodes, or male at the lower nodes and female at the upper.
Disrris. Ceratophyllum, the only genus, includes 1 or 2 or according to some
i about a dozen species, growing in fresh water in nearly all parts of the
worl
I. CERATOPHYLLUM, Linn.
Characters and distribution of the order.
1. C. demersum (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 992); a glabrous perennial
herb ; stems much-branched, floating and submerged, 2-3 ft. some-
times up to 8 ft. long ; leaves in whorls of 5-12, 1—3-times (usually
twice) dichotomously divided, often about 1 in. long; segments
linear to filiform, entire or more or less remotely spinulose-serrulate ;
perianth-segments oblong, about $ lin. long ; fruit ovoid or ellipsoid,
slightly compressed, about 3 lin. long, smooth or sparingly covered
with minute tubercles, narrowly or broadly winged or wingless,
_ crowned with the long slender often curved persistent style and
enlly bearing 2 recurved subulate or terete spines at the base.
_ Smith & Sowerby, Engl. Bot. xiv. t. 947; DO. Prodr. iii. 73; Benth.
«FI. Austral. ii. 491 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 1202; Hook. f. Fl. Brit.
And. v. 639; K. Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. iii. iii. 746, t. 125 ; Hiern
»
Ceratophyllum.] CERATOPHYLLE& (Skan), 581
in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 1031; Durand, Syll. Fl. Congol. 513;
Muschler, Man. Fl. Egypt, i. 363 ; Marloth, Fl. S. Afr. i. 219, fig. 97 ;
Skan in Prain, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. ii. 326. C. demersum, var. oxya-
canthum, K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C.178. C. oxyacanthum,
Cham. in Linnea, iv. 504, t. 5, fig. 6b; Krauss in Flora, 1844, 426,
C. vulgare, Schleid. in Linnea, xi. 540, t. 11; Hook. Niger Fl. 525.
Ceratophyllum sp., Wood, Handb. Fl. Natal, 121. Myriophyllum,
Drége, Zwei Pfl. Documente, 160. For full synonymy see K. Schum.
EastErn Recon: Natal; Umgeni River, Drége, 4457! Wood, 4000! on
ranges 30-60 miles from the sea, 2000-3500 ft., Sutherland ! Umlaas (Umlazi)
River, Krauss, 340!
PortuaursE East Arrica: Incanhini, Schlechter, 12031 !
Almost cosmopolitan.
ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA.
THYMELHACEA.
4a. Arthrosolen compactus (C. H. Wright); a densely branched
undershrub ; branches short, densely leafy, at first. silky-pilose ;
leaves alternate, imbricate, oblong, obtuse, 3 lin. long, 1 lin. wide,
long pilose on the margins and back, verrucose on both surfaces ;
flowers in terminal clusters; bracts ovate ; calyx yellow, waxy,
hairy outside ; tube 3 lin. long, narrowly funnel-shaped above the
basal constriction ; lobes ovate, obtuse, the 2 outer tipped with
pencils of hairs, 1} lin. long, 1 lin. wide; anthers oblong, obtuse ;
ovary ovate, compressed, } lin. long; style columnar, ? lin. long ;
stigma subcapitate.
Eastern Recion: Natal; Nigunya, 6500 ft., Wylie in Herb. Wood. 105311!
8a. Lachnza Burchellii (Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 420); leaves
opposite, slightly spreading, linear-lanceolate, acute, nearly flat,
3—l-nerved ; heads terminal or axillary, few-flowered, sessile ; bracts
ovate, subacute, 1} lin. long, | lin. wide ; calyx minutely puberulous
outside ; scales glabrous ; flowers of the same shape and colour as
in L. diosmoides, Meisn., very short. L. Burchellii, var. angustifolia,
Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 577. L. phylicoides, var. oppositifolia,
Meisn. in Linnea, xiv. 420. (inidia tenuiflora, Eckl. & Zeyh. ex
Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 577.
Var. 6 latifolia (Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 577); leaves obiong or subovate-
lanceolate, 3-nerved on the back, up to 4 lin. Jong and 1} lin. wide ; calyx densely
silky outside. Gonophylla nana, Eckl. & Zeyh. in DC, Prodr. xiv. 577.
Coast Recton. George Div.; on mountains near George, Drége, 7370, Ecklon
& Zeyher. Var. B, Uitenhage Div. ; Van Stadens River, Ecklon, 78, Zeyher, 3757 !
and without precise locality, //arvey, 823!
This species resembles L. striata, Meisn., which can be readily distinguished by
its glabrous calyx-tube.
10a. Lachnea alpina (Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 578); an
undershrub, corymbosely branched ; branches glabrous, at length
rough with old leaf-scars; leaves scattered, spathulate-linear,
obtuse, flat, l-nerved, glabrous, 4 lin. long, 1} lin. wide, sessile or
subsessile ; head terminal, up to 20-flowered, sessile ; calyx white-
silky outside, only seen young ; lobes oblong, rather longer than the
tube ; scales small, filiform, slightly exserted. Gonophylla alpina,
Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Meisn. l.c.
- Coast Rearon. Tulbagh Div.; Winterhock Mountains, Ecklon & Zeyher, 71!
Allied to Z. capitata, Meisn., which differs in having linear pungent leaves.
584 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA.,
la. Gnidia aberrans (C. H. Wright); a much-branched shrub ;
branches stout, at first pilose, soon glabrous, leaf-scars conspicuous
but not very prominent; leaves alternate, approximate, ovate-
lanceolate, acute, 3 lin. long, 1 lin. wide, with a few short scattered
hairs above, densely silky and slightly verrucose beneath ; flowers
few near the apex of the branches; calyx densely silky outside,
yellow (Wylie); ovoid base of tube 1 lin. long, narrowly funnel-
shaped part 3 lin. long; lobes oblong, subacute, 1} lin. long, # lin.
a4
wide ; petals 4, fleshy, anther-like, ovate-lanceolate, } lin. long ;
staminodes 0 ; anthers 4, distinctly included, oblong, obtuse ; ovary
compressed, 4 lin. long ; style about half as long as the calyx-tube ;
stigma shortly penicellate.
EasteERN Recion: Natal; Giant’s Castle, 8000-10000 ft., Wylie in Herb.
Wood. 10611.
This is an extremely anomalous plant as regards its floral structure. It differs
from all the South African species of Gnidia, except G. harveyana, Meisn., and
G. anomala, Meisn., in having only 4 perfect stamens, and from the two species
mentioned in the entire absence of staminodes. The absence of the characteristic
hairs around the petals excludes it from Struthiola, while the allied genus Drapetes,
which does not occur in South Africa, differs in having the upper whorl of stamens
perfect with the anthers exserted on long filaments.
17. Lasiosiphon Krausii(Meisn.). Add to localities :—Basutoland ;
Leribe, Mrs. Dieterlen. 7259!
33. Gnidia Cayleyi (C. H. Wright). Page 58, line 7, for Caley
read Cayley.
LORANTHACES.
1. Loranthus Woodii (Schlechter & Krause). Add to Synonmy :
—Aerostachys Sandersoni, Van Tiegh. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France,
xli. 504.
SANTALACEA.
Page 136, line 6, for Osyridocarpus, read Osyridocarpos.
Page 136, line 8, for Rhoiocarpus, read Rhoiocarpos.
Page 145, line 10 from the bottom, for Kharkamo, read
Kharkams.
24. Thesium trifloruam (Thunb.). Add to Synonmy: Osyris
angustifolia, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1910, 238. :
43a. Thesium cruciatum (A. W. Hill in Kew Bulletin, 1916,
231); a perennial subshrub, about 1 ft. high, with a thick woody
rhizome ; stems and branches rigid, tapering, spine-tipped, coarsely
and closely longitudinaily wrinkled, very minutely puberulous ;
leaves very small, subulate, acute or acuminate, adpressed, with
brown apex, glabrous; flowers axillary, distinctly pedicellate, with
_ the bracts crowded at the bases of the branchlets; bracts and
__ bracteoles scale-like, triangular, minute, glabrous; perianth 1 lin.
,
——a
ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 585
long, externally glabrous with large ovoid external glands between
the perianth-segments ; segments ovate, subacute, erect, 3 lin. long,
hooded, with broad undulate inflexed membranous flaps on the
margins embracing the anthers ; anthers about 4 lin. long, exserted
from the perianth-tube ; filaments } lin. long; style thick, 4 lin.
long ; fruit immature, ribbed, glabrous.
Recon; S.W. African Protectorate; plains south of Choaberib, H. H. W.
Pearson, 9447 ! sandy plains north of Areb, HW. H. W. Pearson, 9474 !
This species should be placed next to 7. lacinulatum, A. W. Hill, in the key of
the genus on p. 139. The chief points of difference are the glabrous flowers with
the undulate lacinulz on the margins of the perianth-segments and the large
anthers embraced by the lacinule.
52. Thesium capitulifiorum (Sond.). Page 168, line 13 from the
bottom, for Harvey, 107, read Harvey, 707.
EUPHORBIACEA.
Page 218, line 24, for Toxicodendron, read Toxicodendrum.
Page 230, lines 30 and 31, delete :—shrubs or bushes 2-6 ft. high.
Page. 230 line 33, after rays 2-12 lin. long; add: shrubs or
bushes 2-6 ft. high.
Page 231, for lines 1-5, substitute :—
Plants 2-6 in. high, compactly or bushily much branched ;
involucre glabrous outside :
Branches alternate and opposite on the same plant,
smooth when alive, not drying with a papery whitish
wrinkled skin ; involucre 1-14 lin. in diam. (& see :
65, E. stapelioides) e eye ae ... (64) gentilis.
Branches alternate, verruculose, drying with a finely
wrinkled whitish papery skin; involucre 1 lin.
in diam, fee ee ae seg cee ... (65a) verruculosa.
Page 232, line 26, for angrana, read Angre.
Page 234, line 4, for arrecta, read mixta.
Page 239, line 7, for inelegans, read inornata.
Page 240, line 3 from the bottom, for infausta, read falsa.
Page 283, line 15 from the bottom, for arrecta, read mixta.
67a. Euphorbia verruculosa (N.E. Br.) ; rootstock woody, } in.
or more thick, apparently extensively creeping underground, giving
off erect or ascending shoots dividing at the surface of the ground
into a compact cluster of branches 2—3 in. high, glabrous in all
parts ; branches leafless, succulent, 1-3 in. long, 3-3} lin. thick,
usually bearing a compact irregular cluster of short branchlets
at the apical part ; when alive covered with alternate and more or
less spirally arranged very obtusely rounded tubercles 3-1 lin. high,
prominent and verruculose all over; when dried the tubercles
almost disappear and the verruculose skin shrivels aud has a whitish
papillate papery appearance ; leaves practically absent, reduced to
very minute rudiments, alternate ; male involucres in small sessile
586 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA.
cymes or clusters at the tips of the branchlets, sessile, 1 lin. in
diam. and about ? lin. deep, cup-shaped, with 5 or occasionally 4
transversely oblong contiguous glands about 3 lin. in their greater
diam., and with 2 or occasionally 3 broadly ovate fleshly keeled
bracts at the base ; female involucres and fruit not seen.
WESTERN Reaion: Great Namaqualand ; Angra Pequena, Marloth, 4639!
This very distinct species is evidently allied to HL. gentilis, E, stapelioides, EF.
karroensis and E. spicata, but differing from all in its alternate and more
tuberculate branches, with a distinctly verruculose epidermis, which on dried
specimens assumes a finely wrinkled whitish papery appearance, quite unlike that
of any species I have seen.
Page 322, line 10 from the bottom, for inelegans, read inornata.
Page 358, lines 5 and 9, for infausta, read falsa.
Page 388, line 13, for infausta, read falsa.
SALICINEZ.
1. Salix capensis var mucronata (Anderss.). In the Journal of
Ecology, x. 70, Dr. J. Burtt-Davy regards this variety as specifically
distinct from S$. capensis, Thunb., and describes the following
varieties of it :—
Var. integra (Burtt-Davy, l.c. 70); differs from the type in the young branches
being tomentose and the leaves longer and wider with entire or sparsely subser-
rulate margins,
CentTRaL Recion: Aberdeen Div. ; Camdeboo on the flats and at the river near
Camdeboosberg, 2-3000 ft. Dréye!
Var. caffra (Burtt-Davy, l.c. 71) ; branchlets pendulous, larger than in the type ;
leaves narrowly linear-lanceolate, long acuminate.
Coast Recion: Queenstown Div.; Shiloh, 3500 ft., Baur, 935! British
, Cooper, 223! Eastern Districts, Cooper 48 !
CENTRAL Recion : Graaff Reinet Div., on the banks of the Sundays River near
Graaff Reinet, 2500 ft., Bolus 468 |
EasTERN Recion : Tembuland ; Bazeia, 2000 ft., Baur, 512!
waht
a
pe eR
ee ee
INDEX.
(SYNONYMS ARE PRINTED IN italics.]
Page | Page Page
AcatypHa, Linn. . . 466 ACALYPHA., (con.) ACALYPHA, (con.)
‘angustata, Sond. . 480 var. exsertu, Mill. schinet, Pax <°. 480
var, glabra, Sond,, 480 BPG ee i gS var. denticulata,
betulina, EF, Mey. . 468| glabrata, Thunb. . 468 POS Ae en S80
betulina, Retz . . 469 var, genuina, Miill. Schlechteri,Gandog. 477
var. latifolia, Mill. Arg. . . . 468] segetalis, Mili, Arg. 471
Arpec 3 ose oe 868 var, éatifolia, Miill. senensis, Klotzsch . 473
brachiata, Kvauss . 474) ~ Arg. . . . 468! sessilis, De Wild. &
brachiatu, E.Mey. . 475 var. pilosa, Pax . 468 DU oe ie eat aT
var. major, E, Mey. 476 var. pilosior, Lruin 468 var, brevibracteata,
var. minor, E. Mey. 476 glandulifolia, Mill. Arg. . . 472
capensis. Prain . . 473 BUwOhinge ai We AIS var, exsertu, Mill.
var. decumbens, glomerata, ATS. us eee ATS
Breit c ss oe CONGO Hutchinson . . 469 somaliensis, Pax. . 471
caperonioides, Baill, 481) grandidentata, Miill. somalium, Mill. Arg. 471
var Galpini, Prain 481 Arg. ees. 1s: SAT8 | \oSonderi, Gandope> <-.- 476
ciliata, Forsk. . . 470| indica, Zinn. . . 470] sonderiana, fii.
var. trichophora, kraussiana, Buching. 473 Argos. ee ACT
Mill. Arg. . . 470) lamiifolia, Scheele . 473{| spicatu, Forsk. . . 471
cordata,E. Meyer . 475 | Jéanguida,E. Mey. . 474) tenuis, Miill. Arg. . 475
cordata, Thunb. 472, 476 mentiens, Gaudog. . 477 transvaalensis,
crassa, Buching.. . 477| obtusa,Thunb, . . 464 Gander. 9) soy oa gh
crenata, obtusata, Spreng. 464, 493 vahliuna, Mill. Arg. 470
var. glandulosa, Oweniz, Harv. . . 480| velutina, E. Mey. . 468
Mill. Arg... 469) peduncularis,Z.Mey. 47 villicaulis, Mill. Arg. 474
decumbens, 7uunb. . 472 var. angustata, var. minor, Mill.
var. cordata, Miill. Mill. Arg. . 479, 480 BLE a ee Ae
vo 7 are pr i var. caperonioides, zambesica, Miill. Arg. 47.
var. genuina, Mill, Mill. Arg... . 481| Zeyheri, Bal, . . 476
ATES a ee ATS. var. crassa, Miiil. var. glabrata, Mill.
var. villosa, Jiill. Ate se poe aT Arg... 2 476, 481
BPP OC! ee ASS var. ferox, Pax . 477 var. pubescens,
depressinervia, A. var. genuina, Miill. Mull. Arg... 4 477
Sehme a AGS Argo es 00877 Paodoton
discolor, EK. Mey. . 472 var, glabrata, Sond. 481] obovatus,O. Kuntze. 403
var, mojor, Baill... 473 var. glandulifolia, Acranthemum eo
gei, Gandog.. . 477 Mill. Arg... . 478j| natalitium,VanTiegh. 114
Eckloni, Baill, . . 475 var. psilogyne, Zeyheri, Van Tiegh.. 113
entumenica, Prain . 479 Mill. Arg. . . 476 | Acrostachys
jimbriata, Baill... . 469) peduncularis, Gibbs . 481 | Sandersoni, Van
fimbriata, Schum. & peduncularis, Sond. . 477 TGR Re
Thonn. . . . 470| petivlaris, Hochst. . 474 |ADENOCLINE, Turcz. . 488 ;
frutwosa, Forsk.. . 469) petiolaris,Sond.... 467} acuta, Baill... . . 492
Y fRehmanni, Pax . . 474{ bupleuroides, Prain, 491
genuina,
588
Page
ADENOCLINE (con.)
var. Peglere, Prain 492
humilis, Zurcz. . 489
humilis, Baill. 489
» Mercurialis, Baill. 463, 464,
493
Mercurialis, Turcz. . 492
ovalifolia, Turez. 489
var. rotundifolia,
O21.) ae es 489
pauciflora, Turcz. 490, 492
var. bupleuroides,
Mill. Arg, 489, 491,
492
var. iumilis, Mill.
Are <>. 2 490, 491
var. ovalifolia,
Mill. Arg.. . 489
var. rotundifolia,
Mill. Arg. . 489
var, serrata, Miill.
APES 2 es, 489
var sessilifolia,
Mill. Arg.. . 490
var. tenella, Miill.
APE es xs £90
var. transiens,
Mill. Arg. . 491
pancifiora, Pax
procumbens, Benth.
serrata, Turez. .
sessilifiora, Baill.
sessilifolia, 7urcz.
stricta, brain
violefolia, Prain ,
. . . . . . . . .
p
©
Oo
Zeyheri, Prain 491
Alaterncides
africina _ telephii,
COMmins feds ou ASS
ilicis, etc... Walth. . 564
ALCHORNEA, Sw. . . 484
Engleri, Pax - 485
floribunda,
var. glabrata, Miill.
Arg, pe se
glabrata, Proin. . 484
Schlechteri, Pax . 485
yambuyaensis, De
Wild. gg, 485
Alhagi
Maurorum.
var., Nees. . . 342
Aunvs, Tourn, . 573
glintinosa, Gertn. . 574
sp., Drege . O74
Anpracung, Linn. . 385
capensis. Baill. . . 386
dregeana, Baill. « 886
ovalis, Mitt. Arg. - 386
ANDROSTACHYS, Prain., $77
INDEX,
ANDROSTACHYS (con.)
Johnsonii, Prain .
Anisocycla
triplinervia, Diels.
Anisonema
reticulatum, A. Juss.
muttiflorum, Thoms,
Anisophyllum
inequilaterum,
Klotzsch & Garcke
indicum, Schweinf. .
Mundii, Klotzsch &
Garcke .
setigerum, Klotesch &
Garcke
Anthacantha
mamillosa, Lem. .
ANTIDESMA, Linn. .
bifrons, Tul...
boivianum, Baill.
fusco-cinerca, Beille ,
membranaceum,
var. molle, Mill.
ATo.a-.
natalensis, Harv. .
nervosum, De Wild, .
rufescens, Tul, . .
Sassandrx, Beille .
venosum, Jul, *
forma glabrescens, De
Wild. 30-353 5
var. thouarsianum,
Tul. Soa
Argyrodendron
bicolor, Kl,
ARTHROSOLEN,
Pe MOG oi 3
anthylloives,
C, A. Mey.
calocephalus,
G. Aa Dy gg
compactus,
C. H. Wright. .
fraternus, NV. £. Br,
gymnostachys,
CAS Mey
inconspicuus, Meisn.
laxus, C. A. Mey. .
ornatus, Meisn, .
var. Gueinzii,
MM 2S
pheotrichus,
C. A. Wright .
polycephalus,
C. A Mey. ‘
sericocephalus, Meisn.
spicatus, C. A. Mey.
variabilis,
C. H. Wright ...
Arthrothamnus
Arthrothamnus (con.)
brachiatus, Klotzsch
& Garcke 2.
Bergii, Wlotzsch &
Garcke
cymosus, Klotzsch &
Garcke ‘
densiftorus, Klotzsch
& Garcke . .
Ecklonii, Klotzsch &
Garcke . 272,
Tirucalli, Klotzsch &
Garcke ‘
Aspidixia
bivalvis, Van Tiegh. .
capensis, Van Tiegh. .
Junodi, Van Tiegh. .
minima, Van Tiegh. .
robusta, Van Tiegh. .
AUSTRALINA :
acuminata, Wedd. :
capensis, Weld. .
integrifolia, Wedd.
lanceolata, N. /. Br.
paarlensis, V, £. Br.
procumbens,
NN dg Gr, 5
asl lay E. Br.
Balanophor:
capensis, Eekl. & Zeyh,
BALANOPHORACEE
Belvala
dodecandra,
O. Kuntze
lucens, O. Kuntze
myrsinites, O. Kuntze
virgata, O. Kuntze
BETUGLA, Toor... «
Alnus, Scop. .
var. glutinosa,
EAND. 685 Se
glutinosa, Lam. .
BETULACEX. .
Behmeria
procridioides, Blume
BRACHYSIPHON,
BGS oe
acutus, A, Juss,
ericefolius, A. Juss. .
fucatus, Gily
imbricatus, A. Juss. .
Mundii, Sond.
rupestris, Sond. .
speciosus, Sond, .
Bripe.ia, Willd. .
angolensis, Welw.
var. typica, Gehrm,
var. Welwitschii,
Gehrm;:...5,
cathartica, Bertol, f.
Pats
nen sa ome ements
Page
BRIDELIA (con.)
ferruginea, Benth, 581
var. gambecola,
Hiern . 382
gambecola, Baill, 382
micrantha, Baill, . 381
var. ferruginea,
Mill. Arg. . 381, 382
mollis, Hutchinson 379
Schlechteri,
Hutchinson 380
speciosa,
var. hourousensis,
Beille 581
stenocarpa, Mill. Arg. 382
stipularis, Mill, Arg. 379
Busella,
Mucowani.VanTiegh. 376
Buxos, Cini se 2 BTS
Macowani, Oliv... . 375
Calycosericos
typica, Eckl. & Zeyh. 48
Calycoseris
argentea.
Eckl. & Zeyh. . 67
caniculata, ©
Eckl. & Zeyh. . 16
linearifolia,
Eckl. & Zeyh. . 6
parviflora,
Eckl. & Zeyh. . 17
subulata,
Eckl. & Zeyh. . 17
tabularis,
Eckl. & Zeyh. . 17
uniflora,
Eckl. & Zeyh... 16
Canalia
daphnoides, Schmidt 46
Candelabria
micrantha, Hochst. . 382
CapErRONIA, St. Hil. . 456
Stuhlmanni, Par 457
CaRDIOGYNE, Bureau , 522
africana, Bureau =. 522
Castiglionia
lobuta, Ruiz & Pay. . 420
Guuris, Linn. 3.45) 6 OlT
appendiculata,
E. Mey. .. O81
aristata, %. Mey. 521
Burmanni, Planch. . 518
eriantha, X. Mey. . 518
foliis subrotundis etc.,
J. Burien :. 519
Franksie, N. £. Br. 517
guineensis, Schum. &
Thotin. a 2 BOO
_ kraussiana, Bernh. 518
opegrapha, Planch. 518
INDEX.
CELTIS (con.)
orientalis,
var. B, E. Mey.
rhamnifolia, Pres/
Soyauxii, Wood .
subdentata, E. Mey. .
vesiculosa, Hochst. .
CEPHALOGROTON :
depsuperatus, Pax ¢
POCORN es ice
Ceratophorus
africanus, Sond...
CERATOPHYLLEZE
CERATOPHYLLUM, Linn.
demersum, Linn. .
var. oryacanthum,
K. Schum... «
oxyacanthum, Cham,
Bp.. Wood: cs its
vulgare, Schleid.
Cestrum
umbellatum, E, ~~ ‘
CHETACHME .
aristata, Planch..
Meyeri, Harv. .
nitida,
Planch. & Harv. .
serratu, Engl. . .
Chrozophora. .
obliquifolia, Baill.
plicata, A. Juss. .
var. erecta, Prain .
var. obliquifolia,
BLAU 5 ave
CHymococca, Meisn. ».
empetroides, Meisn .
Cieca
discoidea, Baill, .
Claozylon
capense, Baill, . .
Claorylum
spherocarpum,
O. Kuntze
CLEISTANTHUS, Hook. f.
Schlechteri,
Hutchinson
Clutia, See Cluytia
CioyTta, Linn...
abyssinica, Pax .
var. ovalifolia, Pax
var. usambarica,
Pax.
382
427
443
446
446
acuminata, E. “Mey. 434, 435
acuminata, Thunb.
affinis, Baill. .
alfinis, Sond. . .
africana, Poir. .
alaternoides, Linn. .
var. angustifolia,
Lee: Me ypc ee
384
450
446
438
433
439
589
Page
CLUYTIA (con.)
var. angustifolia,
BE. Mey.. . 435, 439
var. angustifolia,
Mill. Arg. . 439, 441
b. brachyphylla,
Mill. Arg. . 441
c. leptophylla,
Mill. Arg. . 439
var. angustifolia,
Pax. . 437, 439
var. brevifolia,
He Mey osc cs BBS
var. brevifolia,
E. Mey. 441
var. genuina, Krauss 441
var. genuina, Mill.
EL eae ee 4338
c. brevifolia,
Mill. Arg. . 439
d. elliptica, Mill.
APB oom 441
B. elliptica, Pax
439, 242
bh, oblongata,
Mill. Arg. . 441
e, imbricata,
Mill. Arg. . 439
var. intermedia,
Send. . . 437, 439
var. lanceolata,
Sond. 435, 437, 439
BB revoluta,
Sond. . 439
var. latifolia, Sond. 438
var. major, Krauss 438
var. microphylla,
Mull. Arg... 441
alaternoides, Linn, 438
alaternoides, Sims 437
alaternoides, Thunb. 441
alaternoides, Willd. 435
alpina, Prain 443
ambigua, Pax & K,
Hott... - 430
angulata, Burch. 439
brecifolia, Sond. . 435
brevifolia, Sond. . elo 206
cinerea, Burm. . 454
cordata, Bernh. . . 452
cotinifolia, Salisb. . 444
crassifolia, Pur . . 455
curvata, E. Mey. . 456
daphnoides, Eckl, &
Zeyh. es - 4560
daphnoides, an 453 _
var. glabrate, Mill.
AERES .
var. Thunbergii,
Mill. Arg...
590
Page
CLUYTIA (con,
- daphnoides, Willd. 438
diosmoides, Sond. 456
var. curvata, Sond. 456
disceptata, Prain . 450
dregeana, Mill, Arg. 450
dregeana, Scheele 448
dumosa, Harv. 453
eckloniana, Mill. Arg, 434
ericoides, Ait. . 430
‘ericoides, E. Mey. 430, 456
ericoides, Thunb. 430
var. minor, Krauss 430
var. pachyphylla,
Prank. aio 480
var. tenuis, Sond 430
fallacina, Pax . 434
floribunda, Baill. , . 438
Galpini, Pac 443
Galpini, Pax . 386
glabrata, Pax... 484
glabrescens, Knauf . 443
glowed, Parse: 3 441
gnidioides, Willd 441
gracilis, Baill. . . 430
heterophylla, Baill. . 438
heterophylla, Pax
449, 450, 451
var. hirsuta, Sond. 450
heterophylla, Sond.
449, 452
heterophylla, Ziunb. 452
hirsuta, 2. Mey. 449
var. robusta, Prain 450
hirsuta, Eck]. & Zeyh. 447
hirsuta, O. Kuntze 450
hirsuta, Pax. . . 404
hirta, Linn. f. . 384
humilis, Bernh. . 454
hybrida, Pax & K.
Hoffm.. . 459
imbricata, Z. Mey. 440
imbricata, E. Mey. 441
impedita, Prain . 442
incanescens, Hort. . 432
wntertexta, Pax ‘ 434
karreensis,
Schlechter. . 455
Katharine, Par . 433
Kroohii, Pax. . . 450
laxa, Bekli sy 487
leuconeura, Pax . . 446
marginata, E, Mey. . 432
marginata, H. Mey., 432
meyeriana, Mill. Arg. 435
microphylla, Burch.. 441
mollis, Pas: 23: «25 446
monticola, S. Jfoore. 451
myrtifolia, Burch. . =
*
INDEX,
CLUYTIA (con.)
natalensis, Bernh.
var. glabrata, Sond.
447,
. ovalis, Scheele
ovalis, Sond...
pachyphylla, § Spreng.
phyllanthifolia, Baill,
platyphylla, Pac ¢
K. Hofime x =
polifolia, Jacq. =
var. brevifolia,
Mill. Arg...
var. brevifulia, Pax
var. cinerascens,
Miill. Arg. .
var. genuina, Miill.
AREY 5
ver, teretifolin,
Miill. Arg.
polifolio, Sond...
polygalefolia, Salish.
polygonoides, Linn. .
polygonoides, Krauss
var. angustifolia,
Krauss...
var, B, Sond, s:3°
var. curvata, E.
Mey. 5 .
var. grandifolia,
Krauss. .
var. heteroph a,
Krauss .
polygonoides, Willd,
pterogona, Miill. Arg.
pubescens, Thunb.
var. glabrata, Sond.
pubescens, Eckl. &
Beyh aae,
pubescens, Willd..
pulchella, Linn...
var. Franksie,
PYG: 3s
var. genuina, Miill.
Arg.
forma genuina, Pax
Fy
var. genvina, forma
macrophylla, Pax
forma macrophylla,
Patio ee
forma microphylla,
Pars 4055 ‘
var. obtusata, Miill.
Arg.
forma obtusata, Pax
var. obtusata, Sond.
var. ovalis, Miill.
APE es
forma ovalis, Pax ._
447
448
5&6
442
430
447
448
435
436
435
435
|
|
|
CLUYTIA (con.)
pulchella, E. Meyer .
pulchella, Sparrm.
pulchella, Wood .
retusa, Thunb. .
rubicaulis, Eckl.
var. grandis olia,
Pram.
var, microphylla,
Prain 2
var: tenuifolia,
: Prain
Rustii, Knauf
Schlechteri, Pax .
sericea, Mill. Arg.
sericea, Hary.
similis, Mill. Arg.
similis, Pax .
sonderiana, Miill.
Arye eee
var. pubescens, Pax
tabularis, Eckl.
tenuifolia, Sond. .
tenuifolia, Willd.
teretifolia, Sond. .
Thunbergii, Sond
var. vaccinioides,
Pax & K. Hoftm.
var. canescens, Pax
thymifolie, Willd.
Page
445
454
451
447
. 440
441
441
434
450
433
433
453
449
449
450
456
441
430
435
455
454
455
441
tomentosa, Thunb. 454, 455
tomentosa, Linn.
var. elliptica, Pax .
var, marginata,
‘Mill. Arg.
431
432
452
var, marginata, Pax 432
vaccinioides, Prain .
virgata, Pax g¢ K.
HONE ee
D | COlpoom se cas
compressum, Berg. .
Coriotragematodendros
africana, Cotryos, etc.
Phakenet 250
ilicis, etc. Plukenet
| Crassula
pyramidalis, Linn. f.
Croron, Linn. .
amabilis, N. E. Br.
Antunesii, Pax
bicolor, Roxb. . .
capensis, Linn. f. —.
dubius, Spreng. . .
foliis crassis, venosis,
J, Baris 94 ge
gratissimus, Burch. .
gratissimus, Pax. .
Gubouga, S. Moore .
kwebensis, N. E. Br.
Menyharti, Pav. .
454
564
349
410
417
417
415
421
412
416
415
413
415
414
Page |
CroTon—(con.)
Menyhartii,
Hutchinson , . 415
microbotrys, Pax . 416
pseudopulchellus, Paz 417 |
pulchellus, Mill. Arg. |
415, 418
Ricinocarpos, Linn, .. 463
rivularis, £. Mey. 412
Stuhimanni, Pax . 415
subgratissimus, Prain 415
sylvaticus, Hochst. 412
welwitschiuanus, Mull.
ATA. cs 417
zambesiacus, “Miill.
: . 416
CaYPrapenta, Meisn, 5c: ke
breviflora, Meisn. 17
ciliata, Meisn. 16 |
elongata, Eckl. &
Mey ist cs ieeu SOF
var., Eckl. & Zeyh. 67
filicaulis, Meisn. a7
grandiflora, Meisn. . . 16
var. latifolia,
MAM 8 ee AG
laxa, C. H. Wright . 17
uniflora, Meisn. . . 16
CreNoMERIA, Harv. . 500
capensis, Harv. 501
cordata, Harv. . . 500)
kraussiana, Hochst. . 501 |
Schlechteri, Prain . 501 |
Cudranea, Kirk 523
Curcas
Adansonii, Endl. . 420
indica, A. Rich. 420
purgans, Medik. . 420
Cyathodiscus
umbellatus, Hochst. 81
Cyclostemon. - 403
argutus, Miill. Arg. - 405
argutus, Sim . 405
natalense, Harv. . 404
Dactylanties
anacantha, Harv. . 299
globosa, Harv. . . 301
hamata, Harv. 297
tuberculata, Harv. 333
Dais, Linn. . 2
anthylloides, Eckl, &
Zevh. . Ret tS
argentea, Eckl. &
Zeyh. aie 75
var. depressa, Eckl.
& Jey 16
canescens, Bartl. 3
cotinifolia, Zinn. . 2
var. laurifolia,
WOR, 2
INDEX. 591
i Page Page
Dats (con.) ELZOPHORBIA, Stapf . 221
var. major, Meisn. 2) acuta, NOB Br. 2.222
var. parvifolia, ENDONEMA, A. Juss. 96
Meisn. 2) lateriflora, Gilg . 97
eriocephala, retzioides, Sond. . 98
| Lichtenst. 3 Thunbergii, A. Juss. 97
| laurifolia, Jacq. . 2 ENGLERODAPENE, Gilg 78
| linifolia, Lam. 73 | leiosiphon, Gilg . . = 78
Owenii, Eck], & Zeyh, 76 | Epichrorantha
eerieed, Lam. © vee 2% biflora, Eckl. & Zeyh. 55
virgata, Lichtenst. 4| debilis, Eckl, & Zeyh. 54
DALECHAMPIA, Linn. . 497 juniperifolia, Eckl. &
capensis, Spreng. f. . 499 Zeyh. 53
capensis, Sond. . . 499] ovata, Eckl, & Zeyh... 54
Galpini, Pax 498 | pungens, Eckl.&Zeyh. @50
Kirkii, Prain _ 498 | simplex, Eckl. & Zeyh.
natalensis, Mill. Arg. 499 50, 53
| volubilis, #. Mey. 499 | villosa, Eckl. & Zeyh. 51
| Daphne Erianthemum
squarrosa, Linn... . 59 Dregei, Van Tiegh. . 110
Diasperus ErytHRococca, Benth. 459
discoideus, O, Kuntze 389} berberidea, Pruin . 459
_glaucophylius, natalensis, Prain . 459
var. stenophyllus, Huphorbe
O. Kuntze . . 397| a cote de melon, Le
maderaspatensis, O. Valle AG aay
Wuntze-s. 25.30 B96 concombre, Le Vaill., 353
myrtaceus, O. Kuntze 398 |Eupnorpia, Linn... . 222
Niruri, O. Kuntze 400 | aculeato, E, Mey. 259
nummularizfolius, O. equoris, N. E. Br. , 279
Kuntze. . 393) aggregata, Berger B44
pentandrus, O. Kuntze 394! albanica, V. £. Br. . 258
reticulatus,.O. Kuntze 391 albertensis, N. EB. Br. 323
| Didymodoxa albovillosa, Pax . . 252
acuminuta, Wedd. . 555) alternicolor, V.E.Br. 344
cuneata, Wedd. 555 amarifontana,
debilis, Wedd. 554 Bese i a ae
var. lanceolata, anacantha, Ait. 299
Wedd. . . . 555; Angra, N. 2. Br. 279,585
integrifolia, Wedd, 554 angrana, N. E, Br. 279, 585
Didymotoca, See Didymot AE 6583 ce 250
Didymotoxa antiquorum, E. Mey. 297
debilis, E, Meyer 553, 554 arabica,
Diplostylis var, lutiappendi-
angustifolia, Sond. 491 culata, Pax . . 250
bupleuroides, Sond. 492 | arborescens, E. Mey.. 221
caffra, Sond. . 493 arborescens, Salm-
longifolia, Sond. . 492 Dyck. 2 Genes are
serrata, Sond. 489, 491 arceuthobioides,
DrosueEttia, Gand. 558 BOS. RO:
ambigua, Wedd.. . 560) arceuthobioides, :
Burchellii, N. Z. Br. 561 Boiss. . . 273, 281
cuneata, Buek . . 560| arida, VN. E. Br... , 319
Thunbergii, NV. £.Br. 558) armata, Thunb, . 342
urticefolia, Wedd. . 559 arrecta, V. E. Br. 283, 585.
Woodii, N £ Br. 560 | artifolia, NV. E. Br... 263
Dryperes, Vahl. . . 403) aspericaulis, Pax 286
| arguta, Hutchinson . 404/ astrispina, N. E. Br. 355.
Gerrardi, Huichinson 405) atrispma, V. 2. Br. 342
404; Bachmanni, Pax. . 267
natalensis, Hutchinson
592 INDEX.
Page [{ Page
EUPHORBIA (con.) EuPHORBIA (con.) | EUPHORBIA (con.)
baliola, WN. E. Br. . 327| Davyi, N.#. Br. . 305 | fusca, Marloth . . 319
basutica, Marloth . 307) decepta,N. 2. Br. . 320) Galpini, Pama acun ecu
benguelensis, Pax . 252) decussata, Marl.. . 288 | gariepina, Boiss... 297
Bergeri, N. E. Br. . 330| decussata, L. Mey. . 272. gatbergensis,
biglandulosa, Willd... 278 | decussata, E. Mey. . 286 Nie Briss. >. gS 10
Bolusii, N. £. Br. . 333} dilotata, E.Mey. . 262) genistoides, Bery. .- 263
brachiata, H. Mey. . 273 Dinteri, Marloth . 367 var, corifolia,
by BaMeye ssi oe discreta, WN. £. Br. . 316): y WN. £. Br. « 264
brakdamensis, dregeana, E. Mey, . 294. var. leiocarpda, |
WN. EB-Br.. . 42 824) dumosa, £. Mey... - 257 | Boiss. . 264
Braunsii, V. Z. Br.. 326) echinata, Salm-Dyck 349 var. major, Boiss.. 264 |
brevirama, N. Z. Br. 317| elastica, Marloth =. 294) var. puberula, |
bubalina, Boiss... . 335) elliptica, Thunb... . 502) No B Bro 5 264
bupleurifolia, oT - 3804 var, undulata, | gentilis, V. £. Br. 289,585
bupleurifolia, E. Mey. 336 Boiss’: . 803) Gilberti, Berger. . 362 f
Burmanni, #. Mey.. 277 | enheagona, Berger . 344| - glaucella, Pac . . 254 '
Burmanni, E. Mey. . 279 — enneagona, Harv. . 348 | globosa, Sims . . 3800
canariensis, Thunb. . 366| enopla, Boiss. . . 351 | -Gwtse, Pax =... 240
canaliculata, Lam, . 337) encplo, Berger . . 351, Gorgonis, Berger . 312
capitata, Lam. . . 249 var. dentata,
captiosa, V. Z. Br. . 345) © Berger . «Buk
Caput-Meduse, Linn. 328 enormis, N. #. Br. . 362
‘Vares, bint... 311 ephedroides, H. Mey. 282
Gorgonis, Berger . 223
Gossweileri, Pax. . 252
grandicornis, Goebel. 367
grandidens, Harv. . 372
oe ee
var. inata, Ait. 330| epicyparissias, | grandidens, Adlam . 369
Copia eduse, Lam, 330 E.Mey. . . ~. 266) grandidens, Goebel . 367
Caput-Meduse, var.c, H, Mey. . 267| grandidens,Sim, . 371
BE. Mey oo 321 var. puberula, graveolens, V. £. Br. 253
eaterviflora, N. 2. Br. 286 N.E. Br... . 267) gregaria, Marloth . 295
cereiformis, Linn. . 348 var. Wahlbergii, griseola, Pax . 364
var. echinata, NB. Bret ee B67 Gueinzii, Boiss... 252
Salm-Dyck . . 349) ericoides, Zam. . . 265 var. albovillosa,
cereiformis, Lam. « 349 Ernesti, N. £. Br. . 307 | WN. BoB 25 252
cereiformis, K.Schum, 347| erosa, Berger. 347 guerichiana, Paw . 270
var. submam- erosa, Willd... . . 3849) gnummifera, Boiss. . 295
millaris, Berger 346| erubescens,E. Mey. . 269 | hamata, Sweet . 297
seateonedngs Boiss. . 297 | erythrina, Zink. . 261 Aastisquama, N.E.Br. 288
chersina, VY. BE. Br.. 274 var. Burchellii, Haworthii, Sweet . 374
_eibdela, N. BE. Br, . 275 MOMS. LG. <4 208 Haworthii, Sweet . 338
ciliolata, Pax . . 270 var. Meyeri, | Helioscopia, Linn, . 255
clandestina, Jacq. . 305 N. E. Br, . 262| heptagona, Linn, . 350
Clava, Jacg.. . ~. 337] esculenta, Marloth . 310 var. dentata,
clava, E.Mey. . ~ 335| Eustacei, N. #. Br.. 341 Nowe Bye Bee
clavarioides, Boiss. . 308| Evansii, Par. . . 371) heptagona, Berger . 350
clavata, Salisb. . . 337| falsa, N. &. Br. 585,586| hereroensis,Pax . . 255
elavigera, N. E. Br. 362) fasciculata, Thunb. . 339)| hirta, Linn... . 249
cerulescens, Harv. . 365) ferox, Marloth . . 352) horrida, Boiss. . . 353
Commelini, D.C... 329) filiflora, Marloth . 324) Huttona, VN. #. Br, 316
‘Cooperi, N. E. Br. . 368) fimbriata, Scop.. . 347| Hydnorw, ®. Mey. . 291
Cooperi, Berger . . 369) fimbriata,Scop. . . 349) hypericifolia, Linn. . 248
Cooperi, Hort.. . . 369 fimbriata, Roth . . 348 hypogexa, Marloth . 318
corifolia,Lam. . . 264)| Flanagani, NV. #. Br. 314) Hystriz, Jaco. . . 342
coronata. Thunb. . 337) foliosa, N. Z. Br. . 262| Hystriz, Marloth
corymbosa, NoP. Bro 279 franckiana, Berger . 364} inzquilatera, Sond. . 246
crassipes, Marloth 821 Franksie, VY. £. Br. 315 ;
* var. perennis,
crispa, Sweet. . . 303 Fructus-/ini, Mill. , 329 NBs de 6 5s 948
cucumerina, Willd... 353, Fructus-Pini,Sweet. 330) indecora, N. E. Br. . 274
Capani, Guss. ~ .. 374 var. geminata, indica, Lam. . wi 248
_ cupularis, Boiss... ak Sweet . 329 inelegans, V. E, Br.
_.cuspidata, Bernh. . 260 frutescens, NV. E. Br. 270 322, 585, 586
SS ae ea ee
EuPHORBIA (con.)
SRErMIE, Ul ce 1827
var. laniglans,
NG SCR oss B28
infausta, V; E. Br.
358, 585, 586
ingens, £. Mey.. . 3869
ingens, E. Mey. . . 222
inornata, V.£. Br 585,586
involucrata, E, Mey.. 267
karroensis, V. £. Br. 290
Knuthii, Pax. . 363
kraussiana, Bernh. . 268 |
var, erubescens,
re Bie S52 ho. B68
kwebensis, N. E. Br.. 254
laxiflora, O. Kuntze, 335
Ledienii, Berger. . 365
var. Dregei,
NV, decir a9 BO6
Ledienti, N. E. Br. . 366
lignosa, Marloth . 271
linifolia, Burm. . . 264
livida, Z. Mey. . . 248
Joricata, Lam. . . 342
macella, N.E. Br. . 288
Macowani, V. L. Br. 334
magnidens, Haw. . 372
mamillosa, Lem,. . 360
mammillaris, Zinn, . 346
manmillaris, Berger, 348
var. spinosior,
Berger soc 6. 948
mammillaris, Mill. . 347
marlothiana, V,Z.Br. 331
mauritanica, Linn. . 291
var, namaquensis,
IN. EBB ages 292
mauritanica, Linn. . 278
mauritiana, Bernh, . 291
media, N. E. Br.. . 293
Medusz, Thunb... . 329
melanosti: ta, XK. Mey. 291
meloformis, Ait.. . 357
meloformis, Desf. . 358
meloniformis, Link . 357
Meyeri, Boiss; . . 262
micrantha, Boiss . 361
mixta, WoL. Br... 585
Morini, Berger . . 351
Moirii, N. 2. Br . 331
multiceps, Berger . 340
creas NE. Br. 353
Mandii, N. £. Br. . 287
muraltivides,N. E. Br. 264
muricata, Ziunb. . 276
myrtifolia, E. Mey. . 260
namaquensis,
N. BeBe gs 5 (928
namibensis, Marloth 318
FL. C.—VOL. V.—SECT.
INDEX,
EupHorsia (con.)
natalensis, Bernh.
natalensis, Berger .
neopolycnemoides,
Pax & Hoffm. .
obesa, Hook. f. .
odontophylla, Willd, .
ornithopus, Jacq.
ovata, £. Mey. .
oxystegia, Boiss. .
oxystegia, Baker.
parvifolia, 2. Mey. .
parvimamma, Boiss,
parcvimamma, Berger
passa, NV. £. Br...
patula, Mill...
patula, Sweet.
peltigera, #. Mey. .
pendula, Link . .
pentagona, Haw, .
peplod s, E.Mey, .
Peplus, Links =.
perpera, V. EL Br,
Pfeilii, Pas i.
phylloclada, Boiss.
phymatoclada, Boiss.
Pillansii, NV. #. Br. .
pilulifera, Linn. .
pistiefolia, Boiss. .
platyphyllos,
var, literata, Bolus
& Wolley-Dod .
polygona, Haw. .
polygonata, Lodd,
pomiformis, Thunb. .
procumbens, Mill, .
procumbens, N. E. Br.
procumbens, Meerburg
prostrata, Ait. ’
proteifolic, Boiss.
pseudotuberosa, Pax
pubescens, Vuhi. .
pubiglans, WN. £. Br
pugniformis, Botss. .
pugniformis, Baker .
pugniformis, Boiss. .
pulvinata, Marloth .
pyriformis, V. ZB. Br.
racemosa, E, Mey.
radiata, E. Mey. . 337,
radiata, Thunb...
ramiglans, VW. £. Br.
rectirama, V. 2. Br.
restituta, V. £. Br..
rhombifolia, Botss, .
var, cymosa,
We FBP
var. laxa, N. £. Br.
var. triceps,
Ne BODO Voie
Il.
EUPHORBIA (con.)
radis, N, B. Br...) «.s.0a0
Rudolfii, NV. E. Br. . 276
ruscifolia, NOE. Br, 200
sanguinea, Hochst. &
Steud. - - 246
var. natalensis,
Boiss. 6. - 9 246
var. setigera, Boiss. 246
pehingi, Fan 4... be
Schlechteri, Pav . 247
Schenlandii, Pax . 340
sclerophylla, Boiss, . 259
var. awe
Boiss. . . 260
var. puberula,
NE. Brass ep QOS
var. ruscifolia,
Boiss. . 259
Scolopendrca, Haw, . - 361
Scolopendria, Vonn . 361
scopiformis, Boiss. 281, 284
scopoliana, Steud. . 348
serpiformis, Boiss. 281, 284
sessiliflora, E. Mey. . 295
setigera, E. Mey. . 246
silenifolia, Sweet. . 303
similis, Berger. . 370 —
spartaria, VN. Z. Br. 281
spartioides, Jacg. . 374
sp. Paterson. . . 3866
spicata, 7. Mey.. . 290
spinea, NW, FY. Br... 272
squarrosa, Haw.., . 360
stapelioides, Boiss. . 289
stellespina, Haw. . 354
stellespina, Haw. . 349
stellata, Willd. . . 360
striata, Thunb. . . 260
var. brachyphylla,
BOB. sea, 261
var. cnspidata,
Boiss. . 260
striata, Eckl. & Zeyh. 262
subfaleata, Hiern. 252
submammillaris,
Beg. 4. ee SAD
synadenia, Baill.. . 221
taxifolia, Burm.. . 264
tenax, Burch. . . 284
tessellata, Sweet. . 329
tetragona, Haw,. . 373
tetragona, Baker. .. 362
tetragona, Sim , 350, 373
Tirucalli, Zinn. . . 293
Tirucatti, Thunb. 273, 278,
281, 291
transvaalensis,
Schlechter. . . 269
triangularis, Desf. . 370
2Q
594 INDEX. |
i ;
Page Page =
EUPHORBIA (con.) Excecaria (con.) a Ficus (con.) 4
trichadenia, Pax, 251 manniana, Mill. Arg. 516 | ilicina, Sond. 541 - .
tridentata, Lam. 298 | reticulata, Mill. Arg. 515 ingens, Mig. . 529 7
truncata, V. £. Br.. 309 reticulata, Sim . . 516 | var, tomentosa, ;
tuberculata, Jacg. . 4333 Simii, Pax 514 | Hutchinson . 530
tuberculatoides, synandra, Pax 513 integrifolia, Sim . 526
Nee Brees 332 | Exceecariopsis | kiboschensis, Warb. . 527
tuberosa, Linn. . 301 Dinteri, Pax . 513 | kitaba, De Wild. . 535
tugelensis, V. £. Br. 335 Ficus, Linn. . . 523 | kwaiensis, Warb.. 527
uncinata, DC. |. 361 | abutifolia, Miq. . 534 Langenburgii, Warb. 532
valida, NV. EZ. Br. 356 | antithetophylla, | libertiana, Warb. BZ. .
verruculosa, V.E.Br. 585 Steude a: ec se 532 | Lichtensteinii, Link . 527
viminalis, Linn. . 375 atrovirens, Hort. | dutea, ‘Mildbr. &
viminalis, Burm. . 278 Berol. ‘ 531 | Burret 530
viperina, Berger . 328 | barombiensis, Warb.. 533 | manganjensis, Sim 530
virosa, Willd. 366 blepharophora, W arb, 526 Matabele, Warb. 528
virosa, Boiss. . . 365) brachypus, Warb. 528 montana, Sim 535 t
var. cerulescens, Brassii, R. Br. 527 | Munse, Warb. 527 if
Berger . 365 | Burkei, Miz. 537 natalensis, Hochst. . 538 if
virosa, Pearson . . 367 Burtt-Davyi, var. pedunculata, \
Wahlbergii, Boiss. . 267 Hutchinson . . 540) Sim 539, 540
Woodii, WN. # Br. . 315| caffra, Mig. . 530) natalensis, Mildbr. &
-Euphorbiacea, Drége 490,493 capensis, Thunb. . 527 | Burret 540
EUPHORBIACEZ. . 216 var.guineensis,Mig. 527) natalensis, Sim . 587
Euphorbium var. pubescens, Nekbudu, Warb.. 535
acaulon, erectum, eic., Warb. . . 527 | niamniamensis,Warb. 533 Q
Burm. 4 ae ey BST var. trichoneura, oblongicarpa, Warb.. 528 ‘
africanum caule squa- ©) Wathen 9G... 527°) ypachyeara, Warb. . . 583 :
moso, etc., Brad], . 299) capreefolia, Del. . 531) pallidobarba, Warb.. 526 :
anacanthum angusto, Carica, Linn, . . 524] palustris, Sim > 5382 :
etc., Isnard =. =. ~=<329| cawlocarpa,Warb,. . 528| Petersii. Ward. . . 537 ;
anacanthum —squa- Chanas, Forsk. . 526 | picta, Sim= 0: 54 :
mosum, etc.,Burm. 299} chrysocerasus, Welw. 539) plateiocarpa, Warb.. 527
capense, spinis longis, cordata, Thunb. . . 530) polita, Vahl . 532
etc., Bradley . 351 var. Marlothii, pondoensis, Warb. 530
caule rotundo, ,etc., Ward... Sie OSE Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 528
Buriiies:) So ac, 287 | cordata, Sim . 530 | pseudo-elastica,Welw. 533
Cerei effigie, ete., Columbarum, Hochst. 539 Rehmanni, Warb. . 535
Commel. . . 349} craterostoma, Warb. 536 var. ovatifolia,
erectum aphyllum, dekdekena, Mildbr. & Warp. oo Se 535
oo to. Borii..:< 2... 289 Burret . « 589 var. villosa, Warb. 535
heptagonum, _—spinis delagoensis, Sim . 532 | retusa, Linn. . 524 ‘
lonyissimis, —eic., depauperata, Sim . 538) ruficeps, Warb. 537 ;
Boerh.. . . . 351 | Dinteri, Warb. . 537 __ salicifolia, Balf. f. 529
humile procumbens, Durbanii,Warb.. . 539 salicifolia, Warb, . 529
ae, Burm. 5 3hT Engleri. Warb, . . 535 var. australis,
polygonum, aculeis, Erici-Rosenii, R. E. Warb, 529
etc., Isard . . 347 Fries... - 538) sansibarica, Ward. 532
procumbens ramis gem- erubescens, Warb. 527 | sarcipes, Warb. . . 528
inatis, etc., Burm.. 329 | exasperata, Vahl 524 | schimperiana, Hochst. 530
mbens ramis flavidobarba, Warb. . 526) schinziana, Warb. 537
plurimis,etc.,Burm. 329 Galpinii, Warb. 537 | sericeogemma, Warb. 528
»Excacaria glaucophylla, Desf. 531 | — simbilensis, Warb. 528
africana, Mill. Arg. 513 glumosa, Mildbr. & scldanella, Warb. 533
Agallocha, Benth. . 513 Burret - +. 535!| Sonderi, Miy. 534
fra. Sim . . . 514| grandicarpa, Warb.. 528 | © stellutata,
hochstetteriana, Miill. guineensis, Stapf . 527 var. glubrescens,
Arg. . « 5154 gurichiana, Engl. . 539 Warb. oe 687
Silt; Mill. ‘Arg. = 51é Homblei, De Wild. . 536 stenosiphon, Warb. . 533
a Rigged Sim . 512) Ahowardiana,Sim., . 536° Stuhlmannii, Warb.. 536
@ ° Pag
Frcus (con.)
s Sycomorus, Linn, 526
var. alnea, Hiern . 527
| oo var. polybotr Yay
‘= Hiern ey ye
13 var. prodiyiosa,
Welw es ae
var. vera, Forsk. . 526
syringifolia, Warb. 533
syringoides, Warb. 533,
thonningiana, Miq. . 527
tridentata, Fenzl . 532
tristis, Kunth &
Bouché =. 2) 631
ukambensis, Warb. 526
umboniyero, Warb. 528
umbrosa, Sim 533
utilis, Sim. 535
viilosipes, Warb. . 527
szanthophylla, Steud.. 530
FLEuRYA, Gand. 545
alatipes, N. H. Br. . 547
capensis, Wedd. . 546, 555
grossa, Wedd. 545
mitis, Wedd. . 546
peduncularis, Wedd., 546
var. mitis, Wedd.. 546
FLucGEa, Willd. 402
abyssinica, Baill. . 402
angulata, Baill. . 402
bailloniana, Pax . 389
major, Baill. . 389
microcarpa, Blume . 402
nitida, Pax . . . 389
obovata, Baill. . 389, 402
var. luxurians,
Beille: 2 4 403
senensis, Kl. i 403
virosa, Baill. . 402
ForSKOHLEA, Linn, . 556
candida, Linn. f. 556
var, virescens,
Wedd. 2. 557
hereroensis, Schinz . 557
scabra, Retz. . 557
viridis, E. Mey. . . 557
Fusanus,
compressus, Lam. . 209
Galarheus
genistoides, Haw. . 264
Gale
capensis, ilicis, etc.,
Petiver cc Sb€
GertssoLoma, Lindl. 99
lateriflorum, Drege . 97
marginatum, A../uss, 99
tomentosum, Juss, 432
GEISSOLOMACEE 98
Getonium, Roxb. . . 494
adenophorum, Sim . 495
INDEX,
' Page
GELONIUM (con.)
africanum, Jill. Arg. 495
serratum, Pax g& K
Hoff. .
Genista
spicata, Eckl. § Zeyh. 6
Gentilia
495
Chevalieri, Beille 381
GLISCHROCOLLA, Endl.. 96
lessertiana, A. DC. . 96
Gnipta, Linn. . 42
aberrans,
C. H. Wright . 584
acerosa, Gmel, 53
acutifolia, Wikstr. 67
albicans, ;
var. elatior, Meisn, 51
var. tenella, Meisn. = 51
anomala, Meisn. . 45
var. villosissima,
Meisn. 51
apiculata, Gilg . 46
argentea, Thunb. 68
argentea, Eckl. 45
argentea, Zeyh. 75
aurea, Steud, 53
azurea, Meisn. . . 63
Baurii, C. H. Wright 61
biflora, Thunb. 53, 55
Burmanni, Eckl. &
Zeyh. . ae J
cespitosa, Eckl. &
Zeyh. 62
caledonica, Eckl. &
Zeyh. 60
calocephala, Gilg” : 6
caniflora, Meisn. . 66
carinata, Thunb... 59
Cayleyi,C, H Wright 57,584
Cephalotes, Lichtenst. 67
chrysophylla, Meisn. 52
cerulea, Eckl. & Zeyh. 56
coriacea, Meisn. . 54
cuneata, Meisn. 75
var. angustifolia,
Mei soo tees TG
yar. spathulata,
Meshes 75
cyanea, Burch. 63
decurrens, Meisn. . 55
denudata, Lindl. et Oe
deserticola, Gilg. . 72
dichotoma, Gilg . . 58
dimidiata, Gandog. . 68
djurica, Gilg. . 77
dregeana, Meisn. . 72
dschurica,Gilg . . 77
elongata, Eckl.&Zeyh. 67
ericoides,C.H. Wright 58
fastigiata, Rendle . 56
2.92
Page
GNIDIA (con.)
filamentosa, Linn. f.. 19
filamentosa, Thunb. . 20
Flanagani, CC. Hi.
Wright [op
flava, Lindl. . 68
Francisci, Bolus. . 66
Galpini, C. H. Wright 55
geminiflora, ZH. Mey. 48
var. brevifolia, Meisn. 49
geminiflora, Drege . 49
genistexfolia, Eckl, &
Zeyh. so oe. 18
glandulosa, Hayne . 48
grandiflora, Willd. . 68
grandiflora, Meisn. . 67
harveyana, Meisn. . 45
hoepfneriana, Gilg . 78
Flolstii, Gilg . so BY
var. hilimand-
scharica, Gilg . 57
humilis, Meisn . . 52
imberbis, Dry. 87.5 oo BS
imbricata, Linn. f. . 65
var.genuina,Meisn. 66
var, incana, Meisn. 66
incana, Eckl. & Zeyh. 66
inconspicua, Meisn. . 66
juniperifolia, Lam. . 52
juniperifolia, Meisn. .
var.pubigera,Meisn, 53
var. uncinata, Meisn. 53, 68
kraussiana, Meisn. 77
var. glabrata,
Meisn. sada,
var pubescens,
Meisn. 77
Kuntzei, Gilg 70
levigata, Thunb, . 47
lanceolata, Lichtenst. 54
latifolia, Hort. . . 47
laae, Gilg. gay 7
Leipoldtii, C. H.
Wright . “U6 =
linifolius, Decne. . 73
var. glabrata,
Meisn. . 73
var. pubescens,
Neisn. sages
linoides, Wikstr. 57
var. major, Meisn. 57
macropetala, Meisn. . 72
Meyeri, Mein . . 64
var. pilosa, C. H.
Wrightis 3g: 64
microcephala, Meisn. 46
microphylla, Meisn, . 70.
multiflora, Bartl, . 65
myrtifolia, C. H.
Wright oe 4 GE
596
Page
GNIDIA (con.)
nana, Wikstr. . 68
nana, Eckl, &
PRY cits gas i OO
nitida, Bolus? 5'%, G4
nodiflora, Meisn.. 61
var. verticillata,
Meisn. . .61, 62
obtusifolia, Bartl. 58
obtusissima, Meisn. . 58
ochroleuca, Lodd. 46
oppositifolia, Zinn. . 47
orbiculata, C. H.
Wrights v0 5: SF
ornata, Gilg . 6
ovalifolia, Meisn. 65
pachyphylla, Spreng. 16
pallida, Meisn. . 55
parviflora, Meisn. . 54
var. debilis, Meisn, 54
parvula,
Wolley-Dod . . 58
penicillata,
Dichtenst, ..- 6. 49
phexotricha, Gilg. 9
phylicifolia, Eckl. &
PRYDE te Tog ho cine OD
pinifolia, Linn. . . 46
var. ochroleuca,
Bot. Reg... 46
pinifolia, Linn. f. 53
pinifolia, Wendl. 59
polyantha, Gilg . 74
polyclada. Gilg 4
polygalefolia,
var. lanceolata,
Lichtenst. 54
polystachya, Berg. 59
var. congesta, C. H,
Wright . 59
Pretoriz, Gilg . 5
priestleyzfolia, Eckl.
& Zeyh ois (60
pubescens, Berg. . 48
pulchella, Meisn. 76
var. dasyphylla,
Mem 4 72
var. glabrata,
Meisn. . 76
pulvinata, Bolus . 45
punctata, Lam 48
_ quadrifaria,
C,H, Wright «0: 50
racemosa, Thunb. . 57
radiata,Linn. . . 46
Rehmanii, Dur. & B.
D. Jacks. . Ree
scabra, Thunb, . . 60
scabrida, Meisn.. . 67
Schlechteri,Gandog.. 46
INDEX.
GNIDIA (con.)
sericea, Linn. .
var. glabrescens,
Meisn.
var hirsuta, Met.
var. villosissima,
Meisn.
var. vulgaris,
Meisn.
sericea, Bolus &
Wolley-Dod
sericea, Drége .
setosa, Wikstr.
simplex, Andr. .
simplex, Linn.
sonderiana, Meisn.
Sparrmanni, Martyn
sparsiflora, Bartl.
spicata, Gilg .
splendens, Meisn,
stellatifolia, Gandog.
. stricta, Eckl. &
Oe igi
strictn, Wikstr.
strigillosa, Meisn. .—
styphelioides, Meisn.
subcorduta. Meisn. .
subulata, Lam, .
var. pubigera,
= Oia Wiig ite
taxifolia, Eckl, &
Zeyh. . ‘
tenella, Meisn.
var elatior,
C. A. Wright .
tenuiflora, Eckl. &
PRY GS eh
thesioides, Meisn.
var. condensata,
Meisn. B
var. laxa, Meisn. .
thesioides, Drége
tomentosa, Linn,
tomentosa, Eckl. .
tomentosa, Hook. =.
transvaaliensis, Gilg
triplinervis Meisn,
usinjensis, Gilg .
variegata, Gandog. .
virescens, Eckl, &
PAN i ees
virescens. Wikstr,
viridis, Berg.
wikstremiana, Meisn.
Woodii, C. HW. Wright
Gnidiopsis
Burmanni, Van
Tiegh. . ag
coriacea, Van Tiegh. . Fi
decurrens, Van Tiegh,
Gnidiopsis (con.)
juniperifolia, Van
Tegan one wie
linoides, Van Tiegh. .
microcephala, Van —
Tiegh. . :
obtusissima, Van
Tiegh 2c
oppositifolia, Van
Titghy 304
pre. ‘flora,
VanTiegh.
scabra, Van Tiegh,
styphelioides, Van
aiegh,. 4. ‘
sw/yulata, Van Tiegh.
Gonophylla
acuminata, Eckl. &
Zeyh. .
alpina, Eckl. & Zeyh.
capitata, Eckl, &
Ley es
cerulescens, Eckl. &
Zeyh.
conglomerata, Eckl. é&
Zeyh. . este
ericoides, Eckl. &
yh. ;
nana, Eckl. & Zeyh. :
nervosa, Eckl, &
Loy Lee ames
setosa. Eckl. & Zeyh.
stricta, Eckl.
&
LRT ee oe
Grussia, Berg.
hirsuta, E, Mey.
latifolia, Schniz).
pinifolia, Sond.
rosmarinifolia, Berg.
sp., Drége .
stricta, A. DC.
GRUBBIEE eee ap
Gymnosporia
Rehmannii, oe
Hamiltonia. , 3
capensis, Haw. .
Heywoopra, Sim. .
lucens, Sim
Hyznanche
globosa, Lamb.
Hymenocarpia, Wall.
ulmoides, Oliv. .
var. capensis, Pax
Iethyosma
Wehdamanni, Steud.
Wehdemanni,
Schlechtend, .
Weinmanni, Haw.
Wiedemanni, Griff.
JaTropua, Linn. .
Page
583
20
209
211
212
211
210
211
211
136
68
207
208
384
5385
409
409
4lu
410
214
213
214
214
418
JATROPHA (con.)
acerifolia, Salisb. .
brachyadenia, Pax &
Kenotiie
capensis, Sond. . .
capensis, Sim Z
cluytioides, Pax & K.
Home... Gs
Carcas, Linn...
erythropoda, Pux ¢
BC 3 £5 | fe Ce a
glabrescens, Pax & Kk.
Hot ce.
globosa, Gertn.
heterophylla, Pax
hirsuta, Hochst...
var. glabrescens,
Prain
var. oblongifolia,
Prins
lagarinthoides, Sond,
yar. cluytioides,
Fag) 11, Sitial Megat ie
lanata, Harv.
latifolia Puro. .
var. angustata,
Tran. 2°
var. stenoph ylla,
Pane ee Se ek
var. swazica, Prain
natalensis, Mii//.
pty) setae
Schlechteri, Pax
triloba, Kk. Meyer
variifolia, Par. .
Woodii, O. Kuntze .
var. Kuntzei, Pax
var. vestita, Puc .
Woodit, Pars.
Zeyheri, Sond...
yar. ’platyphylla,
Pax
var. subsimplex,
POOR es
dana oct I ae EA
AICaNG ee oe
Kirganelia
elegans, Juss. .
pervilleana, Baill.
prieuriana, Baill.
var. glabra, Baill.
reticulata, Baill. .
zanzibareusis, Baill. .
LacHN#A, Linn. . .
alpina, Meisn, . .
ambigua, Meisn.. .
' var. major, Meisn.
var. minor, IMeisn.
aurea, Mekl. ¢ Zeyh.
axillaris, Meisn.. .
INDEX.
LACHN&A (con.)
Burchellii, Meisn.
var. rita tie
Meisn.. .
var. latifolia, Mien:
buxifolia, Lam .
var. virens, Sims .
buxifolia, Eckl. & Zeyh.
capitata, Meisn.. .
var. multiflora,
Meisn. 3°
var, pauciflora,
Morne 2.0%
conglomerata, Linn. .
densiflora, Meisn.
diosmoides, Meisn.
var. elatior, Meisn.
var, tenella, Veisn.
dubia, Gandog. . .
ericoides, Meisn.. .
eriocephala, Linn. .
var. purpurea,
Memes Sy
filamentosa, Meisn. .
var, major, Meisn.
filamentosa, Gilg. .
funicaulis, Schinz.
glauca, Kckl. & Zeyh.
globulifera, Meisn. .
var, ccrulescens,
macrantha, Meisn. .
micrantha Schlechter
nervosa, Meisn. .
paleacea,Herb. Banks.
passerinoides,
Ne Br es
penicillata, Meisn.
phylicoides, Lam...
var. Hatin tt
Meisn. . .
purpurea, Andr.. .
spherocephala, Burm.
striata, Meisn. . .
LacHuNostYLis, Turez. .
capensis, Zurcz.. .
hirta, Mill. Arg.
var. acuminata,
ME AROS
var. genuina, Mill,
BPRS ees
var. minor, Miill.
Arg.. i
minor, Sond.. . .
LASIOSIPHON, Fresen. ,
affinis, Kotschy & Peyr.
anthylloides, Mvisn. .
var, glabrescens,
Meisn. .
var. macrophylla,
MEN es
583
585
583
19
19
19
22
LASIOSIPHON (con.)
Burchellii, Meisn. . TL
var. angustifolius,
Co Be Wight 3." 41
var. glabrifolius,
Meisner 5:94 6
caffer, Meisn. . . 76
canoargentea,
C: He Wright... 4G
deserticola,
CH Wright oa
diuricus; Gig 5 75
dregeanus, Endl. 72
hoepfnerianus, Vathe 78
Kraussii, Meisn, 77, 584
var. ungustifolius,
Meisn.: 2. 7s
var. glabratus,
Metans 232) se ld
var. pubescens,
MeIn gn et TE
macranthus, Gfundog. 78
macropetalus, Meisn. 72
Mesanent, Sim: 5 1
meisnerianus, Hndl.. 75
var. angustifolius,
Meisn. . 795
var. spathulatus,
Meisn. . . 75
microphyllus, Meisn. 70
oblongifolius,Gandog. 78
polyanthus, Gilg. . 74
polycephalus,
Peark.. 2.79 : 4
pulchellus, Decne . 76
var. dasyphyllus,
Moise So ta ee
var. glabratus,
Meiens ¢ 2% 76
var. dasyphyllus,
Meisn. . 76
similis, C. H. Wright 73
splendens, End/.. . 70
triplinervis, Decne . 76
Wilmsii, C. H. Wright = 71
tea
alatipes, Hook. f. =. 547
Laurus
africana minor, etc.
Comm. . Pe Ek
Lerpesia, Mill, Arg - 462
capensis, Mill. Arg . 463
capensis, Benth. . 464
firmula, Prain . . 462
obtusa, Miill Arg. 464
procumbens, Prain . 463
sonderiana, Mill. Arg, 463
Leptorhachis
capensis, Mill. Arg.. 501
forma /uxurians,
Mill Arg... 601
598
Lichtensteinia
elegans, Van Tiegh. .
olexfolia, Wendl.
speciosa, Van Tiegh. .
LORANTHACEE .
Lorantuus, Linn.. .
angustifolins,
E.Mey. .
Bolusii, Sprague .
_bumbensis, Hiern.
ae Eckl.
ene oe ee
forma obtusifolia,
Bie, .
feline. subcuneifolia,
Be es
elegans, Cham, &
Schlecht. . .
Fleckii, Schinz
Galpinii, Schinz .
garcianus, Engl. .
glabriflorus,
Conrath: | 22%:
glaucus, Thunb. .
jlaucus, DOS Ss
kalachariensis,
ROE
kraussianus, Meisn. .
var. puberulus,
hs Rome MO
var. transvaalensis,
Sprague. . ,
Lichtensteinii, Herb.
Willd. os
longitubulosus, Engl.
& Krause. .
Menyharthii, Engl. &
Schinz
. .
| Meyeri, Pres) Gece
Page
109
117
109
100
100
110
115
Ba Be
107
107
108
105
105
109
110
110
108
105
112
103
116
106
108
105
118
119
119 |
117
var. inachabensis,
i 117
var. ligustrifolius,
foe Ae te re By
minor, Sprague. . 115
Moorei, Sprague. . 114
namaquensis, Harv.
109, 117
var. peers ores,
ee ee 11
natalitins, Meisn, 114
war. minor, Harv.. 115
oblongifolius — :
BF as ee 110
INDEX.
LORANTHUS (con.)
oleefolius, Cham &
BOneehh. FS
var. Forbesii,
Sprague .
var. Leendertzie,
Sprague. .
elite, Cham. &
Schletht..3..°;
olexfolius Eckl. &
AYN. Ss
oleifolius, Marloth
ovalis, H. Mey. . .
Pentheri, Schlechter.
prunifolius, 2. Mey.
guinquenervis,
ONG oy eS
quinquenervius, Harv.
roseus, Klotzsch. .
rubromarginatus,
PS ae eg
Sandersoni, Harv.
schlechtendals, ¥
Behiliee. £05.
Schlechteri, Zng!.
speciosus, F. G. Dietr.
speciosus, Engl...
splendens, N. E. Br. .
subcylindricus,
Sprajite 3. Gs
tenuiflorus, Harv. .
undulatus, 2. Mey. .
var. angustior,
que.
Woodii, Schlechter if
Krause’. ., 102,
Woodii, Schlechter &
prause, 05,
Wyliei, Sprague .
Zeyheri, Hurv. . .
Zeyheri, Harv.
MaCaraNoa, Thouars .
capensis, Benth. . .
Bachmanni, Pax. .
Mallotus
capensis, Miill. Arg. .
Mappa
capensis, Baill.
Maproungea, Aubl,
africana, Mill Arg. .
var. benguelensis,
Pax & K. Hoffm.
var. obtusa, Pax .
africuna, Miill. Arg..
obtusa, Pat. °., 4
vaceinioides, Pax.
Page
Medusea (con.)
globosa, Klotzsch &
Garcke
hamate, Klotzsch &
Garcke
major, Haw. .
patula, Klotzsch &
Garcke .
procumbens, Haw.
tessellata, Haw.
tridentata, Klotzsch
& Garcke , .
tuberculata, Klotzsch
me Gartke.
Menarda
linifolia, Baill.
nummularifotia, Baill.
MERCURIALIS
africana dicoccos, ete., ep
Herm. .
androgyna, Steud.
annua, Linn. .
annua, Drége ., .
annua, Thunb. . 462,
bupleuroides, Baill.
bupleuroides, Kunze .
bupleuroides, Meisn.
491,
caffra, Krauss...
var. brevipes, Meisn.
var. longipes,
Means
capensis, Baill.
capensis, Spreng .
dregecna, Meisn.. .
pauciflora, Baill. 490,
procumbens, Linn, 463,
pumila, Sond. .
serrata, Meisn,
tenella, Meisn. .
triandra, E. Mey.
triandra, Sond.
tricocca, E. Mey,
463, 464,
violefolia, Kunze .
Zeyheri, Kunze .
Micrococea, Benth.
capensis, Prain . .
Middelbergia
transvaalensis, Schinz
gp roe
rubra, A. Spreng.
MORACEA . pa
Myrica, Linn, es
&
ie
E
2
Page
301
MyYRIca (con.)
conifera, Burm, f.
var. banksifolia,
A. Cheval. .
var. qlabra,
A. Cheval.
var. subintegra,
A. Cheval...
var. en
A. Cheval. S
cordifolia, Zinn. .
var. microphylla,
A; Chevelle.
dregeana, A, Cheval.
elliptica, A. Cheval. .
foliis oblongis, etc.,
J. Burm...
foliis oblongis,
Linn. .
foliis subcordatis, etn, “5
J, Burm.
glabrissima,
A. Chevdi. .
Airsuta, Mill. . .
humilis, Cham.
BiMlieht ks cs
ilicifolia, Burm. f.
incisa, A. Cheval.
kraussiana, Buching.
laciniata, Willd. .
linearis, C. DC... .
mye g A. Cheval.
natalensis, C. DC
ovata, Wendl. f. .
quercifolia, Linn,
var. hirsuta,
A. Cheval. .
var. ticifolia,
A. Cheval. .
var. latifolia,
A, Cheval...
var. microphylla,
A. Cheval... .
var. multiformis,
A, Cheval... .«
rotundifolia. Salisb. .
serrata, Lam. . «
Zeyheri, U. DC. .
MYRICACEZ. . .
etc.,
Myriophyllum
sn., DORE ek
MyYsTROPETALON, Harv,
Polemanni, Hurv. .
Sollyi, Harvey-Gibson
Thomii, Harv. . .
levigata, Berg. . .
sericea, . .
Norosuxvs, Oliv. poe
natalensis, Obie. bt
Page |
571
O71)
571
STL)
5715
563
564
565
566
INDEX,
| Page
| Nymphanthus
Miruri, Lour. . . 400
_Ophira
stricta, Lam.. 212
stricta, Linn. 211
| Ossifraga
lactea, Rumph. . . 293
\OsYRIDEX-. 136
OsYRIDICARPOS, A. ‘De. 206
natalensis, A. DC. 206
| Osyridocarpos . 584
| Osyris, Linn. pee a
| abyssinica, Hochst. . 2C8
| var, speciosa,
| A Wot. 6. 208
| angustifolia, Baker . 584
| compressa, A. DC. . 209
var. oblongifolia,
| Bee a oe ed BOO
Oxydectes
gratissima, O. Kuntze 416
rivularis, O. Kuntze 412
sylvatica, O. Kuntze 413
welwitschiana,
O. Kuntze 417
zambesiaca,
OU. Runise, =... Sit
Paradenocline
procumbens, Mill,
Bie So eae as Be
violefolia. Mill. Arg. 494
| Parietaria
| capensis, Drége . . 561
cuneata, Eckl. &
V2 | ree ae 560
cuneata, E. Mey. 555
lanceolata, Thunb. . 555
lanceolata, EK. Mey. 554
urticefolia, E. Mey. . 560
PaSSERINA, Linn. . . = 9
anthylloides, Linn. f. 74
var. glabrescens,
Meisn. . 75
var. macrophylla,
Meisn. . . 74
bruniades, Eckl. &
Zeyh. vs 3.
brunioides, Eckl, &
Zeyh. . +.» . 25, 26
saleseesdla Meisn, . 5
campanulata,
E. Meyer. . . 7
capitata, Linn, . . 23
cephalophora, Thunb, = 21
comosa, C. H. Wright 11
corymbosa, Becki, . 14
ericoides, Linn, . 12 |
Thunb, . 24
eriophora, Gandog. . 14
falcifolia,C.H. Wright 10
PASSERINA (con.)
filiformis, Zinn...
var. comosa, Meisn,
var. crassifolia,
Eckl. & Zeyh. .
var. depauperata,
E. Mey. . z
var. falcifolia,
Memn. 3.
filiformis, Bolus &
Wolley-Dod . .
Galpini, C. H. Wright
glomerata, Thunb. .
grandiflora, Curt. .
guyumnostachys, Meisn.
hamulata, Gandog. .
inconspicua, Meisn. .
involucrata, Spreng. .
levigata, Linn. ..
laniflora, C. H. Wright
lateriflora, Hort. =.
laxa, Linn. f. <
nervosa, Thunb. .
nervosa, Wikstr.. .
paleacea, Wikstr.
polycephala, E, Mey.
purpurea, Wikstr.
rigida, Wikstr. . .
var. comosa, Meisn.
var, tetragona,
var. truncata,
Cue
rigida, Drége . ..
var. B,
Droge .
rubra, C. H. Wright
salsolefolia, Lam.
sericea, Linn, =, ° .
var, vulgaris, Meisn.
setosa, Thunb. . .
spicata, Linn. f.
striata, Lam. 7
stricta, Thunb, . .
tenuiflora, Willd
Thunbergit, Wikstr. .
var, alba, Berg. .
var. purpurea, Berg.
Zeyheri, Spreng. .
aeutifolia, a. ” Juss,
barbata, Endl. .
candolleana, Steph.
Cneorum, Meerb.
600
, Page
PENA (con.)
Cneorum, Meisn. . 86
dubia, Steph. 90
ericifolia, Gilg eet!)
ericoides, Endi. . . 88
formosa,Thunb.. . 96
fruticulosa, Linn. f.. 87
Jueata; Dims 8 91
fuscata, Lam. 91
imbricata, Grah. . 91
lateriflora, Linn. f. oF
macrosiphon,Gandog. 90
marginata, Linn. . 99
mucronata, Linn. . 83.
var. Dregei, Endl. 84
var, Dregei affinis,
AUVs 8B
var. microphy ylla,
prepe e e Be
mucronata, Vent. 99
myrtifolia, Endl, . 86
myrtilloides, Meisn. . 85
myrtiloides, Thunb.. 85
myrtoides? A, Juss. . 86
myrtoides, Linn. f. . 85
var. multiflora,
Herwaise S85
ovata, Eckl. §& Zeyh, 84
var. colorata, Eckl.
Zeyh oro 85
var. concinna,
oy 2 oe
var. interimedia,
es 85
var. mucronata,
Eckl. & Zeyh. . 85
. bata; Drovers S85
Sarcocolla, Berg. 91
Sarcocolla, Liun. . 95
sp., A. Juss. . 85
sp., KE. Mey. . 85
squamosa, Linn, . 91, 94
tetragona, Berg. . 95
tomentosa, Thunb. 432
PENHACEE . 81
PHYLLANTAUS, Linn. 386
alaternoides, Reichb, 591
amapondensis, Sim . 389
_ andrachniformis, Pax 401
— andrachnoides, Willd. 396
angulatus, Sch. &
Thonn. . 2 403
anomalus, Mill. Arg. 382
arabicus, Hochst, 396
aspernlatus,
Hutchinson . . 399
Bachmanni, Pax - 398
Burchelli, Mill. Arg. 394
capensis, Spreng. 386, 401
Casticum, Soyer-Will,
387
INDEX,
maderaspatensis,
Linn,
.
€
PHYLLANTHUS (con.)
cinereoviridis, Pax . 401
cuneatus, Willd. . 396
deflexus, Kl. . 393
delsgoensis,
Hutchinson 400
dilatatus, K). 394
dioicus, Sch. & Thonn. 403
discoideus, Mii/i Ary. 388
dregeanus, Scheele 336
flacourtioides,
Hutchinson 389
garipensis, E. Mey. 394
glaucophyllus, Sond, 394
var. major, Mill.
Ares 395
var. suborbicularis,
Hutchinson . 395
gracilis, Roxb, 396
Gueinzii, Miill. Arg. 396
hete: ophyllus,
PP MOY? SOF 400
heterophyllus, E. . Mey. 396
humilis, Par. | oo
incurvus, Thunb. 396
incurvus, Sond. . 396, 401
Javanicus, Poir. . . 396
linoides, Hochst. . 393
longifolins, Sond.. . 396
lucidus, Hort. , 403
395
meyerianus, Mill. Arg. 398
minus, Linn.
401
mul ticaulis, Miill.Arg, 397
var. parvifolius,
Mill. Arg. .
var. genuinus,
Miill. Arg. .
multiflorus, Willd.
myrtaceus, Sond. .
Niveri, Law oy
Niruri, N. E. Br.
Niruri, Drége
nummulariefolius,
Loe
obcordatus, Willd,
obliquus, E. Mey.
ovalis, Sond, .
parvulus, Sond. .
pentandrus, Sch. ¢
THOR OS
pervilleanus, Miill.
Se At ae
piluliferus, Fenzl,
polygamus, Hochst. .
polyspermus, Sch. &
Pho es ee
prieurianus, Miill.
Big So eS
397
397
391
397
399
394
399
392
396
249
386
391
391
PHYLLANTHUS (con.)
reticulatus, Poir.
var. genuinus,
Mull. Arg...
var. glaber, Miill.
Arg. 3
revolutus, E.. Mey. °
scoparins, Welw.
tenellus,
var. exiguus, Mill.
Arg. <a
var. garipensis,
Mill, Arg. .
var. natalensis,
Mill. Arg. .
var. parvulus,
Mill. Arg. .
var. scabrifolins,
Mill. Arg.
Var., Pax,
Thonningii, Sch. &
Thonn. :
vaceinioides, Kl...
vaccinioides, Scheele .
venosus, Hochst...
verrucosus, Zhunb. .
virosus, Roxb. . .
Woodii, Hutchinson .
PiLEa, Lindl. .
Worsdellii, WV. E. Br.
Pleiostemon
verrucosum, Sond. .
Plicosepalus
undulatus, Van Tiegh,
| PLUKENETIA, Linn,
africana, Sond. .
hastata, Miill. Arg.
Populus
canescens,Sm. . ,
nigre,
var. pyramidalis,
Spachs .
Pouzouzia, Gaud. ,
hypoleuca, Wedd. .
procridioides, Wedd.
PSEUDOLACHNOSTYLIS,
Pax :
maprounefolia, Pax
Pseudotragia
scandens, Pax. ,
Schinzii, Pax
Psilolenu
umbellata, Presl .,
Radojitskya
capensis, Turcz. .
Rapunculus
foliis nervosis
linearibus, Burm. .
Rhamnus
celtifolius, Thunb. .
Page
391
391
391
398
304
394
304
394
392
392
394
396
396
453
396
390
403
399
549
550
390
105
496
496
497
575
575
550
551
551
407
407
497
496
519
=
ss
Ce rg
a
>
Rhamnus (con.)
prinoides, L’Hérit.
Rhinostegia
brevifolia, Turcz.
162,
Page
519
163
Ruoracarpos, A.DC, 207, 584
capensis, A.DC. .
Rhyitidosolen
lacus, Van Tiegh.
Ricinocarpus
ciliatus, O. Kuntze
crenatus, O. Kuntze .
decumbens, O. Kuntze
depressinervius,
Onkuntee es *.
Ecklonii, O. Kuntze .
glabratus, O. Kuntze
var. genuinus,
OQ: Kuntze 28
forma pilosior,
OU. Kuntze. 40°.
var. /atifolius,
OU. Kuntze .
indicus, O. Kuntze
languidus, O. Kuntze
peduncularis,
O, Kuntze .
var. ovalifolius,
O, Kuntze .
petiolaris O. Kuntze
segetalis, O. Kuntze .
senensis, O. Kuntze .
sonderianus,
O. Kuntze .
vahlianus, O. Kuntze
zambesicus,
O-Euntze 3 ys
Zeyheri, O. Kuntze .
Riorus, Linn. .
communis, Linn. .
var./ividus, Mill Arg.
yar. sanguineus,
Baill. :
lividus, Jacq.
SALICINE .
San, Links
zgyptiaca, Drége ~
egyptiaca, Thunb. .
australis, Hildenb. &
Boj. es
capensis, Thunb. .
yar. yariepina,
Anderss.
forma, axillaris,
Anderss. .
var. hirsuta,
Andersa: ><.
yar. mucronata,
Anderss. .
forma, puberula,
Anderss.. .
577,
208
586
577
|
|
|
INDEX.
| SALIX (con.)
forma, pubescens,
Anderss, .
capensis,
var. normalis, Sim
crateradenia, Seemen
fragilis, Linn.
gariepina, Burch.
garipina, Drege .
hirsuta, Thunb. .
var. parvifolia, Skan
mucronata, Drege
mucronata, Thunb. .
var. caffra, Burtt-
Davy 2753.
var, integra, Burtt-
Davy 8%
natalensis, Wimm.
Wilmsii, Seemen sy.
Woodii, Seemen .
var. Wilmsii, Skan
Zeiheri, Anderss. .
Zeyheri, Sond. .
Sajorium
africanum, Baill. .
SANTALACEZ
Santalum
capense, Spreng. .
Sapium, P. Br...
abyssinicum, Benth. .
africanum, O. Kuntze
ellipticum, Pax . .
mannianum, Benth. .
reticulatum, Pax
Simii, O. Kuntze
SaRcoco.ua, Kunth.
acutu, Kunth =.
formosa, A, Juss.
Sucata,
var. minor, Eckl. &
Zeyh. ie
lessertiana, A. Juss. é
Linnei, A. Juss. .
minor, Zeyh... .
retzioides, Eckl. &
eyes es
squamosa, Endl. .
| SARCOPHYTE, Sparrm.
Pirie, Hutchinson .
sanguinea, Sparrm. .
Sarcostemma
brunonianum, W par
Se AMR wos
viminale, R. Br. .
Sclerochiton
ellipticus, Hochst. .
Sclerocroton
integerrimus, Hochst.
reticulatus, Hochst. .
Seybalium? Harv...
Securinega
abyssinica, A. Rich. .
bailloniana, Mill.
Arg.
pone Miill. Arg. .
Schlechteri, Pax .
verrucosus, Sim .
SEIDELIA, Baill.
Mercurialis, Baill,
pumila, Bail/.
Septulina,
glauca, Van Tiegh. .
ovalis, Van Tiegh,
SprrosTacuys, Sond.
africanus, Sond.. .
Sponia
bracteolata, Hochst. .
glomerata, Hochst.
guineensis, Planch. .
orientalis,
var. angustifolia,
E. Mey...
Stillingia
africana, Baill. .
elliptica, Baill.
integerrima, Baill.
synandra, Pax
STRUTHIOLA, Linn.
angustifolia, Lam,
angustifolia, Steud,
argentea, Lehm..
var. laxior, Meisn.
var. oblongata,
Meisn
aurea, Eckl. & Zeyh.
bachmanniana,
Gig.
brevifoli ia, W illd..
chrysantha,
Lichtonst.o2 5
chrysantha, Eckl. &
Zeyhe
cicatricosa,
C. H, Wright...
ciliata, Andy, :
var., Andr.
ciliata, Lam...
confusa,
C. Hs Wright <<.
congesta, C. H. Wright
dodecapetala, Bart. .
var. Kraussii,
Metsn. >
dodecapetala,
Meisns 0. 4
dregeana, Meisn. .
eckloniana, Meisn.
eckloniana, Gandog. .
rayne
C. th Weight 22:
602
STRUTHIOLA (con.)
eretta, Linn... .
var. 8, Lam.
var. lanceolata,
eC MROIR: toy Fo, tie
var. vulgaris,
iT epg eee
erecta, Curt. .
ericoides,
a 0. Hi Wright...
fasciata, C. H. Wright
flavescens, Gilg . .
_ floribunda,
OF He. Wright « .-+
formosa, Eckl, & Zeyh,
Galpini, C. H. Wright
garciana,
C. H. Wright .
glabra, Roem. &
ol ULL! Oe oe
glabra, Zeyh... . .
glauca, Lodd. ..
Gira, NOB. 6 ss
glauca, Sieb,. _ .
grandis, Bartl. .
hirsuta, Wikstr. .
var. glabrescens,
Meistig: s- j a4, 81,39
imbricata, Andr. .
incana, Lodd.
juniperina, Retz.
lanceolata, Retz. .
lateriflora, Hornem. .
leiosiphon, Gilg...
_leptantha, Bolus.
lineariloba, Meisn.
var. glabra, Meisn.
longiflora, Lam, .
longifolia,
: martiana, Meisn,
Mundtii, Zc&i.
myrsinites, Lam, .
nana, Murr. .
ovata, Thunb.
var. breviflora,
Peeia ey
var. lanceolata,
Mes oo ce
var. longiflora,
383
INDEX.
STRUIHIOLA (con.)
pondoensis, Gily .
_ pubescens, Retz. .
pubescens, Sims .
pubescens, Steud.
ramosa, C, H. Wright
recta, U. H. Wright
rigida, Meisn.
rubra, Donn .
rustiana, Gily .
Schlechteri, Gilg
striata, Lam...
var. imbricata, Lam.
striata, Eckl. & Zeyh.
stricta, Donn
subulata, Lam. .
subulata, Vahl
sulcatau, Schmidt.
tetragona, Retz. .
tetralepis, Schlechter
glabricaulis,
var.
_ Schlechter
tomentosa, Andr,
tuberculosa, Lam.
tuberculosa, Vahl
Vahiii, Wikstr. .
villosa, Wikstr. .
virgata. Linn,
var, genuina,
Meine 5. ee
var. linneana,
Meisn.
var, pubescens,
Meisn.
virgata, Houtt.
virgata, Sm...
virgata, Wendl. .
Stylapterus
barbatus, A. Juss,
ericoides, A. Juss,
Sruticulosus, A. Juss,
Suregada,
africana, O. Kuntze.
ceratophora, Baill. .
Sycomorus
antiquorum, Gasp.
capensis, Miq. .
guineensis, Miq. .
hirsuta Sond,
rigida, Miq. .
thonningiana, Miq.
SYNADENIUM, Boiss. .
arborescens, Boiss, .
SYNAPTOLEPIS, Oliv.
Kirkii, Oliv. .
Kivki, Gilg ee
oliveriana, Gilg .
Tapinanthus
kraussiunus,
Vou: Tiegh...
Tapinanthus (con.)
namaquensis,
Van Tiegh.
prunifolius,
Van Tiegh.
Taxus
tomentosa, Thunb,
THESIDIUM, Sond. .
exocarpxoides, Sond.
fragile, Sond.
fruticulosum,
A, W. Hiil
globosum, A.DC. .
hirtulum, Sond,
hirtum, Sond. ‘
leptostachyum, Sond.
longifolium,
A. W. Hill
microcarpum, A.DC, .
minus, A. W. Hill .
podocarpum, A.DC. .
strigulosum, ADC. .
Thunbergii, Sond.
THeEsiumM, Linn,
abietinum,
Schlechter.
acuminatum,
A, W. Hilt
acutissimum, A.C,
var. corniculatum,
ALW, Bu os
adpressifolium, Sond.
affine, Schlechter.
aggregatum,
A, W. Hitl ’
amblystachyum, A,DC,
amplexicaue, Linn. .
angulosum, A.DC,
annulatum,
A, Wz Hill
apiculatum, Sond, .
var. corniculatum,
Sond. .
aristatum, Schlechter
asperifolium,
A, W. Hill
assimile, Sond. .
var. pallidum,
Sond, .
asterias, A. W. Hill”
bathyschistum,
Schlechter .
boisserianum, A.D.
brachycephalum,
of ee eee
brachygyne,
Schlechter. . .
brevifolium, ADC. 2
var. glabriusculum,
ee
THESIUM (con.)
brevifolium, Sond. 162, 163
Page
Burchellii, dA. W. Ail?) 170
Burkei, A. W. Hill . 180
capitatum, Linn. 190
capitatum, Thunb.
Herb. . 188
capitatum, Willd. 193
var. B, Thunb.
Herb. » 193
var. interruptum,
RYaues/ 0078 152
capitellatum, A.DC. 173
capituliflorum, Sond.
168, 585
var., Sond. 169
carinatum, A.DC. 192
var, pallidun,
A. W. Hilt . 193
ciliatum. R. Br. . 188
commutatum, Sond.. 160
confine, Sond. 176
conostylum,
Schlechter 171
coriarium, A W. Hill 182
corniculatum, A.DC. 150
corniculatum, Krauss 151
corniculatum,E. Mey. 151 |
cornigerum,
A, W. Hill 184
corymbiflorum, Sond. 154
corymbuligerum,
NORE. ego a et
costatum, A. W’, Hilt 148
var. juniperinum,
A. W, Fill, 5. 148
crassifolium, R. Br. 149,199
erassifolium, Sond. . 149
cruciatum,
A. W, Hill 584
cupressoides,
A, W. Hill 159
cuspidatum,
A. Wz Hill poe |
cytisoides, A. W. Hil/ 170
debile, R. Br... 199
var. Ecklonis, A.DC, 199
var. humile, ADC. 199
debile, Spreng. . . 167
densiflorum, ADC. . 192
var. Linkii, A.DC... 192
disciflorum,
as ee We thle ako
dissitiflorum,
Schlechter. .. . 152
diversifolium, Sond.. 196
dreyeanum, A.DC. 163
Dregei, Sond. el
ecklonianum, Sond. . 189
elatius, Sund. 198
INDEX,
THESIUM (con.)
ephedroides, A. W. Hill
erectiramosum, A.DC.
Page
146
158, 163
ericefolium, A.DC, .
var. confertum,
A.DC, ‘
ericoides, R. Br. .
euphorbioides, Linn.
euphorbioides, Jacq. .
euphrasioides, A.DC.
fallax, Schlechter
fimbriatum,
Ae WA oe
filexuosum, A.DC. .
floribundum,
A, W. Hill
foliosum, ADC...
foveolatum,
Schlechter
Fragile, Link :
fragile, Linn. f. . |.
Fragile, Thunb, Herb.
Frisea, Linn. «> «
var. Thunbergii,
var. Thunbergit,
RDG ces
fruticosum,
A. Wz Hill .
funale, Linn,
var. caledonicum,
Sond. ;
funale, Sond, . .«
galioides, A.DC.. .
Galpinii, Schlechter
glaucescens,
AO, CHAE a6
globosum, A.DC, .
glomeratum,
A. Wz. Hill
glomeruliflorum,
Sonie's
gnidiaceum, A. DC. .
var. Zeyheri, Sond,
getzeanum, Engl. .
gracilarioides,
Ai We Hb
griseum, Sond,
eh hare
W. Mill.
‘lich pian
AW. Mile >
hirsutum, A. W, Hill
hirtulum, Sond...
hispidulum, Lum.
var. glabratum,
Robe. ss
var. subglabrum,
AW. Aub,
159
159
159
153
164
167
186
191
176
157
151
173
149
205
205
199
199.
149
152
195
195
198
156
154
171
204
191
154
178
178
181
183
177
185
186
147
187
171
171
171
‘THESIUM (con.)
hispidulum, Zeyh. .
hispidum, Schlechter
horridum, Pilger
hottentottum, Sond. .
hystricoides,
AL Woe.
Hystrix, A. W. Hilt~
imbricatum, Thunb. .
imbricatum, E. Mey. .
impeditum, 4. W. Hill
var. Yrasum,
A, W.Hili .
junceum, Bernh,
var. mammosuvm,
AoW. FG
var. plantagineum,
A, W.s Hill .
Junceum, A.DC,
junceum, Sond. .
juncifolium, A.DC.
Junodii, A. W. Hill .
lacinulatum,
A.-W. Hill.
leptocaule, Sond. .
var. glabriusculum,
ya ORapeet parr cs
leptostachyum, A.DC,
lineatum, Linn. f.
lineatum, A.DC. .
lobelioides, ADC. .
longirostre, Schlechter
macrocarpum, E. Mey.
macrogyne, A. W. Hill
macrostachyum,
Be oe
macrostachyum,A. DC.
magalismontanum,
Mazximiliani,
Schlechter . oe
egali: i WIN,
Sond, gs
microcarpum, A, DC...
microcephalum,
A. Wz. Hill
micromeria, A.DC, .
micropogon, A.DC. .
monticolum, Sond. .
multiflorum, A.DC,
namaquense,
Schlechter .
natalense, Sond. .
Nationa, A. W. Hitt
nigromontanum,
BOS Ee
nigrum, A. W. Hill.
nudicaule, A. W. Hill
occidentale, A. W. Hill
orientale, A. W. Hill
604
THESIUM (con.)
pallidum, A.DC..
palliolatum,
A, W. Hill
paniculatum, Zinn. .
var. apertum,
A.DC. *
var. compressum,
tts CUR ree
paniculatum, Thunb.
163, 171,
paronychioides, Sond.
parviflorum, A.DC.
patentijlorum, Sond.
Patersone, A, W. Hill
patulum, A. W. Hill
penicillatum,
AW, FANS
phyllostachyum,
Sond. ; ‘
pinifolium, ADC. .
planiflorum, A.DC,
pleuroloma,
WW. Hal.
podocarpum, ADC. .
polyanthum,
Schlechter. .
polycephalum,
Schlechter ,
polygaloides,
AoW. Hist. <2
prostratum,
ve Cae <7 lee
pubescens, A.DC. .
pungens, A. W. Aili
pycnanthum,
Schlechter, .
quinqueflorum, Sond.
racemosum, Bernh. .
racemosum, Sond. .
ramellosum, Sond.
rariflorum, Sond.
recurvifolium, Sond, .
repandum,
as We A,
resedoides,
A. W. Hill
rigidum, Sond, .
robustum, Bernh. .
rufescens, A. W. Hill
scabrum, Linn. '. .
var. denudatum,
Sond, . "
var. gracile, A. DC.
scandens, Z. Mey. .
_ Schlechteri, A. w. Hill
163
151,
173
175
168
194
200
194
INDEX.
Page Page
THESIUM (con.) | Thymelea (con.)
seirpioides. capitata, lanuginosa,
A.W. dill 175 tc.. J. Burm 59
. . U ‘ . fo) étC.. J. ay
sedifolium, A.DC. 149 ~— foliis linearibus, etc.,
selagineum, A.DC, . 172) J. Burm. gr 23
selayineum, ADC, . 171 foliis oppositis
sertulariastrum, cruciatis, ete., :
A, W. Hill 166 | J. Burm. me 30
sonderianum, | foliis ~ acutis, 2
Schlechter , 190 | ete., J, Burm. -
sonderianumn, ~ 3 | foliis triquetris,
Schlechter . 179 | angustis, ete., ;
sparteum, R. Br. 146 J. Burm. - 7
sparteum, Sond. . 196 | Larne Pinastri, ete. 24 :
spartioides, MER ces 7
art Ww. Hill 176 | ramosa, linearibus,
sp., Drége 146) etc., J. Burm. . 16
Spicatum, Linn,, . 197) sericea, foliis oblongis,
spicutum, A.DC.. ~ 196) fe Burm. . 63
spicatum, Drege . 176) THYMELEACEE | 1
spicatum, E, Mey. 198 | Thymelina
seria ests! | sericea, Hoffmanns. . 63
Thunb, 198 simpler, Hoffmanns.. 59
spinosum, Linn. f. . 145 | Tiru-calli, . . 298
spinosum, Drege 145, 146 | Lithymali facie* planta,
spinosum, Jacq. . 149 | -2etc., Pluk.~ . 564
spinulosum, A.DC. 145 | | Tithymalus eo
squarrosum, Linn. f 151) africanus spinosus,
strictum, Berg. . . 164 | etc., Moris. . » 355.
strictum, Thunb. © 150, 163 | meena — aig
strigulosum, A.DC. 204 | albis, Comme Se
subnudum, "Sond. 198 | apyitus Mauritaniz, ae
var. foliosum, | Dill. 2
A. W. Hill: « 198 = apiculatus. Klotzsch
Susanne, A. W, Hil/ 155 Se Garcké <0.) 4 262
tonne, Bernh. .. ©. .167 attenuatus, Klotzsch
teretifulium, R. Br. . 140 & Garcke- - 303
thunbergiunum, A.DC. 173 sper africanus
lepi simplici, ete
pire align PAPC Eee co Oia ae 329, 337
translucens, | azoides africanus,
A, W. fill 192 | Parone ete, oat
transvaalense | ‘ommel. .
Schlechter : Soh | Berge, Klotzsch & :
triflorum, Thunb. » 155 | Garcke 26 B08
triftorum, Thunb. 156,584 | brachypus, Klotzsch &
Turczaninowti, Sond. 152 | Garcke . 292
umbelliferum, | bupleurifolius, ae
AW. Hdltc::, 186 | RIV 2
utile, A. W. Hill 185 | — Klotasch & aie
urceolatum j arcke
A. W. Hill - 194) confertus, Klotzsch & 3
— E. a eit sil | — ues sd
virgatum, Zam... |. orepus, Haw. 2.
cuken blak . 162) Eckloni, Klotzsch &
Welwitschii, Gilg 1825 Garcke . 301
Zeyheri, ADC. . . 169 | nis seers Klotzsch & es
Thymelea, Garcke. 2
aitasien Passerinz | epicyparissias,
—: SS Klotzsch & Garcke 267
foliis, Breyn. .
ee a ee
Tithymalus (con.)
INDEX,
e
_TRAGIA (con.)
605
Page
Urrica (can.)
erythrinus, Klotzsch minor, Sond. . 504 caffra, Thunb. . . 555
&Garcke . . . 262) var, longifolia, capensix, Eckl. . . 463
| foliosus, Klotzsch & Prain . : 505 | capensis, Linn. f. 463, 473
/ Garcke = 3 209.|:° mitts, capensis Herb,
‘ genistoides, Klotzsch | var, oblongifolia, Thunb; ="; 554, 559
} i Garcke .. , 2 264 | Mill. Arg. . 506 | capensis, Thunb... 554
humilis. foliis Lapathi, | natalensis, Hochst. A15 | . dioica, Zinn... . . 543
usb, . . . . 302! natalensis, Sond. . 506 var. capensis,
inrolucratus, Klotzsch Okanyna, Pax 505 Wedde oo ae eas
& Garcke . 267 | Rogersii, Prain . 503 var. eckloniana,
lonyepetiolatus, | Yupestris, Sond. . 509 Wedd. . :
Klotzsch & Garcke 303, var glabrata, Sond. 510 eckloniana. Blume . 543
Meyeri, Klotzsch & var. lobata, Miill. grossa, E.Mey, . . 546
Garcke Nei OOO Arg.. . . . 507| lobata,E. Mey. . . 544
| multicanlis, Klotzsch | var. minor, Miill. lobulata, BH. Mey. . 544
& Garcke . - 260} APP 505,510 | Meyeri,Wedd. . . 544
ovatus, Klotzsch & | Schinzii, Pax . . 507| mitis,Hochst. . . 547
Garcke . . ., +258 Schlechteri, Pax . 502 | -mitis, E.Mey. . . 546
revolutus, Klotzsch & | Sonderi, Prain . . 503/| ovalifolia, Buching. . 547
Garcke : 264 | triandra, peduncularis, E. Mey. 546
silenifolius, Haw. 303 | var. genuina, Miill. procridioides,
truncatus, Klotzsch & woe eee khan. 255 fe Mey See
Garcke, ¥ 268 | var, pumila, Miill. radula, WK. Mey... . 555
tuberosus, Haw. . 302 | ATE OS, 465 | urens, Zinn, §. . 543
tuberosus, acautos, etc., | villosa, Thunb. 473 | Urticacea, Drige . . 486
J. Burm. . 302 _wahlbergiana, Prain 509|URTICACER . . . 541
tuberosus, aphyllus, | Treisia
etc., J. Burm.. . 281)| Clava,Haw.. . 337, 374
virgatus, Haw. . . 292! erosa,Haw.. . . 349
TOXICODENDRUM, | Hystriz, Haw. . . 342
Thunb. Se | tuberculata, Haw. . 337
acutifolium, Benth. . 408 Trema,Lour. . . . 519
capense, Taunb.. . 408) bracteolata, Blume . 519 |
TBAGTA, Linn) . 2°. 508 glomerata, Blume . 520
afinis, Mill. Arg... 510) quineensis, Fic. . . 520
ambiyua, S. Moore 506 | Trianthema
var. urticans, | debitis, Spreng. . . 489| ~dichotomum. Harv. 130, 131
S.Moore . 506 | dubium, Spreng... 489| Euclee, Eckl. &§
angustifolia, Pax . 505 |ULMACKE . . . 516 baie Se eae
Bolusii, O. Kuntze 508 UrerRA,Gaud . . . 548 Euphorbiz, E. Mey . 129
capensis, E. Mey. 510] tenax, N. E. Br. . 548 galpinianum, Schinz. 124
var. B, E. Mey. 511 Woodii, VN. E. Br. . 549| glaucum, Eckl. &
capensis, Thunb, . 501 | Urinaria Zeyh
collina, Prain . . 596) indica, Burm. . . 400
cordifolia, N.E. Br.. 505 | Urostigma
Viscum, Linn... 2 198
anceps, 7, Mey. Beg Bo
bivalve, Engl. 2 . 125
brevifolium, Engl. . 125
capense, Linn. f. . 132
capense, Harv. . . 133
combreticola, Engl... 130
continuum, £. Mey. 133
Crassule, Eckl. g
eh, 5 8 Le 8
ya. . cow eo ee ‘ Bie
Junodii, Bngl, os eo gay a
Jussodii, Engl. 2 . 131
"4 dioica, Sond, . 507 | abutifolium, Mig. . 534 minimum, Harv. . 135
: durbanensis, | Burkei, Mig. - + 538/ murchisonianum,
0. Kuntze - 510] caffrum, Mig. . . 530 Schweinf... 195
elliptica, Hochst. 516 | ilicinum, Sond. . . 541) nervosum, Hochst. . 124
incisifolia, Prain . 504 ingens, Miq. . . . 530 obovatum, Harv. . 122
‘ _ integerrima, Hochst.. 515 potitum, Miq. . . 533{| obscurum, Thunb, . 125
involucrata, Jacq. . 506 | Thunbergii, Miq. . 531) pauciflorum, Zinn. Ff. .126
madandensis, zanthophyllum, Mig. 530 var. Euclee, Harv.
S. Moores. -. 505 var. ovato- 126, 127
meyeriana, Mill. cordatum, Sond. 530| pauciflorum, Drége . 125 —
Arg. . .. . .508|Umtica,Tourn. . . 542 pulchellum, te
@ meyeriana, Mull. Arg. 511 | africana,Linn, . . 473 Sprague. :. 198 =
var. glabrata, Miill, Burchellii, N. Z. Br. 544| rigidum, Engl. § :
Arg. . . . 511] caffra, Herb. Thunb, “$59 Ayvanee oe.
606
Viscum (con.)
robustum, Leki. §
Zeyh
rotundifolium,
Linn, ;
rotundifolinm, Eckl. $
Zeyh, .
Scheferi, Engl. ‘
Krause
INDEX.
Viscum (con.)
sp., Drége 132 subpeltata, Sim
subserratum, | Wikstremia
Schlechter . 124, ovalifolia, Decne .
thymifolium, Besl. 128 | Xylophylla
tricostatum, #. Mey. 128 vbovata,
verrucosum, Harv. . 134 | Willd. .
Zizyphi-mucronati, Xymalos
Dinter - 127,123 monospora, Baill.
Page |
| Wethea?
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