RARE GO00KS
ADDISONIA
COLORED ILLUSTRATIONS
AND
POPULAR DESCRIPTIONS
OF
PLANTS
VOLUME 5
1920
PUBLISHED BY % >
THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN
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CONTENTS
Part 1
Marcu 31, 1920
Viburnum dilatatum
Diplotaxis tenuifolia .
Pieris floribunda .
Rosa ‘“‘ Dr. Van Fleet”
Amygdalus Davidiana .
Vernonia crinita :
Platycodon sfendiilorase ;
Benzoin aestivale
Part 2
June 30, 1920
Cephalanthus occidentalis
Corylopsis spicata
Adlumia fungosa
Aphelandra nitens
Corylus rostrata
Dracocephalum specioeiasr :
Hydrangea quercifolia
Jeffersonia diphylla .
Part 3
SEPTEMBER 30, 1920
Crataegus Phaenopyrum .
Viburnum Sieboldii .
Stephanandra Tanakae
Monarda media :
Clethra barbinervis
Solidago rugosa .
ieee plumbaginoides,
ossularia curvata .
Part 4
June 18, 1921
185 Rosa “‘Edith Cavell” .
186 Rudbeckia laciniata .
187 Penstemon secundiflorus
188 Pinus Thunbergii
' 189 Physalis Franchetii.
190 Pterostyrax hispida . .
191 Koelreuteria paniculata
192 Epiphyllum Hookeri .
Index .
Taxonomic Sates to Volumes 1 to 5.
Alphabetic Index to Volumes 1 to 5
CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUMES 1 TO 5
The numerals refer to the volume-number.
John Hendley Barnhart .
Eugene Pintard Bicknell .
Kenneth Rowland Boynton .
Elizabeth Gertrude Britton
Nathaniel Lord Britton .
Henry Allan Gleason .
Charles Arthur Hollick .
Kenneth Kent Mackenzie. .
Charles Frederick eae
George Valentine Nash .
Francis Whittier Pennell
Joseph Nelson Rose
Henry Hurd Rusby .
John Kunkel Small
Arlow Burdette Stout
William Trelease .
Elba Emanuel Waited.
Percy Wilson .
ADDISONIA
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ADDISONIA
PLATE 161
ME Eaton.
VIBURNUM DILATATUM
ADDISONIA 1
(Plate 161)
VIBURNUM DILATATUM
Thunberg’s Viburnum
Native of China and Japan
Family CAPRIFOLIACEAE HONEYSUCKLE Family
Viburnum dilatatum Thunb, Fl. Jap. 124. 1784.
This is one of the most attractive viburnums of Japan, a country
- rich in members of this genus. Its flowers, which appear about the
middle of June in the latitude of New York city, clothe it with a
mantle of white, and in the early fall the fruit, which is borne in
great profusion and lasts well through the winter, makes of the
bush a mass of rich scarlet; the leaves also take on a rich fall color-
ation, so that this plant is an object of great beauty for many
months of the year. It is of easy culture, thriving in almost any
soil of ordinary fertility. Longevity is added to its other desirable
qualities, as is indicated by the fact that the plant in the New York
Botanical Garden from which the illustration was prepared was
secured in 1895 from the Arnold Arboretum. V2burnum dilatatum
was introduced into England about 1875 by the Messrs. Veitch,
and has since then become widely spread in cultivation.
A general discussion of the genus Viburnum, including methods
of propagation, will be found in volume 4 of this periodical, at
page 55. To the information there presented it may be added
that in the northeastern parts of North America there are fourteen
species native, and three others in the southeastern United States,
making a total of seventeen species for eastern North America.
But it is in eastern Asia that the genus finds its greatest repre-
sentation, about sixty-five species being known from that region.
Thunberg’s viburnum in habit is an upright shrub up to ten feet
tall, bearing its white flowers and scarlet fruit in broad flat-topped
clusters. he branches of the year are clothed with a rather long
dense pubescence, the older branches finally becoming glabrous.
The leaves are opposite, each on a densely pubescent stalk com-
monly less than a half inch long. The outline of the blades is
oval, broadly ovate or obovate, or adiicaier or nearly so, the apex
being abruptly pointed and the base rounded; they are densely
pubescent on both surfaces, especially the lower, in age the pubes-
cence becoming sparser; they measure commonly up to three
2 ADDISONIA
inches long, occasionally more, and have the margin, except at
the very base, coarsely toothed, the ultimate veins excurrent as
short points on the teeth he flowers are in broad flat cymes up
to six inches across, the stalk and branches densely hirsute. The
corollas are about a quarter of an inch broad, pubescent externally,
and are on short hirsute pedicels. The fruit is scarlet
GEorGcE V. Nasu.
XPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Flowering branch. Fig. 2,—Fruiting
branch. Fig. 3—Autumn leaf.
PLATE 162 ADDISONIA
DIPLOTAXIS TENUIFOLIA
ADDISONIA 3
(Plate 162)
DIPLOTAXIS TENUIFOLIA
Wall-rocket
Native of Europe
Family BRASSICACEAE MustTarp Family
Sisymbrium tenuifolium 1,. Cent. Pl. 1: ome $753;
Diplotaxis tenuifolia DC. Syst. 2: 63. 182
In 1916, plants of a = eee character were grown at the
New York Botanical Garden from seed received from the Zurich
botanical garden, and they proved to be Diplotaxis tenuifolia. The
pale green foliage and light yellow flowers made a rather pleasing
combination of color, and the fragrance of the blooms was not
unpleasant. The branching and floriferous habit suggested pos-
sible value as a flower garden subject, and the following year plants
were raised from collected seed and placed in the flower borders
near Conservatory Range 1. From these plants our illustration
was taken.
The wall-rocket has inclined to spread over more than its allotted
share of ground, and to become weedy in habit, but it has a long
blooming season, and a plentiful supply of small flowers, giving,
with the gray-green leaves, the same general color effect as the
yellow alyssum, Alyssum saxatile compactum. It must be kept
within bounds, especially by discarding seedlings which spring up
within several yards of the old plants. The plant may readily be
propagated by seeds.
The wall-rocket, so called because it is found so often on old
walls in England, with other related species, is the Sisymbrium
tenuifolinm of older botanies, described by Linnaeus in 1755, but
later separated into the genus Diplotaxis, of which tenuzfolia is the
type species. It differs from Sisymbrium in having a flattened
pod, and in the arrangement of the cotyledons in the seed; and
from Brassica in having the seeds in two rows in each half of the
pod. In this country it is adventive from Europe, occurring near
the sea-coast in the northeastern States and California.
The wall-rocket is an annual or biennial herb, one to two feet
high, bushy and branching, with smooth somewhat glaucous
stems. The leaves are slightly glaucous, gray-green in color,
pinnatifid, the lobes sinuately toothed, the lower ones three to four
inches long, alternate, and sessile, the upper smaller and more
4 ADDISONIA
KENNETH R. BOYNTON.
EXPLANATION OF PLaTE. Fig. 1.—Portion of stem and leaves. Fig. 2.—
Inflorescence. Fig. 3.—Stamens and pistil, X2. Fig. 4,—Pod.
PLATE 163 ADDISONIA
PIERIS FLORIBUNDA
ADDISONIA 5
(Plate 163)
PIERIS FLORIBUNDA
Mountain Fetter-bush
Native of the southern Alleghanies
Family ERICACEAE Heat Family
Andromeda floribunda Pursh; Sims, Bot. Mag. 38: under pl. 1566. 1813.
Portuna floribunda Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 8: 268. 1843.
Pieris floribunda Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 2: 588. 1876,
That the flora of our southern Alleghanies should have a goodly
number of rather locally distributed genera in common with Japan
and China is interesting. Naturally, the species in these two widely
separated regions are not identical, although they often parallel
each other in a striking manner. The subject of the accompanying
illustration is a plant that stands alone in our flora, but it has
several relatives in eastern Asia. The heath family, to which it
belongs, furnishes several other conspicuous examples.
This fetter-bush is one of those clear-cut species whose characters
have become so fixed that they show scarcely any variation from
generation to generation. In fact, the characters are so constant
that the specimens from all parts of the geographic range look as
if they might have been gathered from the same shrub.
The mountains ranging from Virginia to Georgia have developed
and delivered many plants of the heath family. Most of them
have at one time or another been introduced into cultivation, both
in Europe and in America. ‘The present shrub was discovered in
the first decade of the last century in the mountains of Georgia, by
John Lyon who was also responsible for the discovery and subse-
quent introduction of many American plants into Europe. Speci-
mens were first grown in England in 1811. The plants bloomed,
and an illustration was published in 1813; it was again illustrated
in 1824 (Botanical Register, plate 807).
A mountain-slope clothed with this shrub, when in bloom, is a
sight never to be forgotten. It is the more conspicuous because of
its early flowering season—April and May—for there are fewer
plants then blooming which would detract attention from it.
Being evergreen it is always a prominent object, with the inflores-
cetice conspicuous as well as the foliage. The flower-buds are
formed about ten months before the flowers expand; the fruits
form quickly after flowering and persist until well into the winter.
6 ADDISONIA
All things considered this fetter-bush is worthy of wide cultiva-
tion. It grows rapidly and is hardy far north of ‘ts natural geo-
graphic range.
A writer of the southern mountains, struck by the beauty of
the subject of these notes, wrote of it in the following verses:
Down, where the valley’s brooklet gushes, ;
Sweet Rose, bewitches with her blushes
In June all comers;
Fair Lily, too, so tall and slender.
Hath wooers who shall homage render
Through sunlit summers.
But not your gayest garden flowers
Can match with those I find above
On the high summits that I love,
Buds nursed to life by mountain showers.
‘There on the lofty heights that loom
Above the blue world far below you,
Pieris fair shall proudly show you
The wonder of her snows in bloom
Finer than all your heath and heather,
A thousand milk white bells together.
The mountain low fetter-bush is an evergreen shrub, usually
much branched, with the branches erect or strongly ascending.
The branchlets and particularly the twigs are clothed with two
kinds of hairs, one kind numerous, minute, and crisped, the other
fewer, long, coarse, and appressed. The blades of the short-
petioled leaves are thin-leathery, elliptic to ee ee
mostly one to two and a half inches long, acute or short-acuminate
at apex, serrulate and bristly-ciliate with a hed a bale ar.
minating each tooth, and obtuse, rounded, or sibosraaes at the
se. The surfaces sa finely reticulate, somewhat shining, deep-
green, and sparingly pubescent above, except the copiously fine-
m
. The pan i
short leafy branch. The nodding buds are negro five- aes:
a for the oe year shortly after anthesis. The numerous,
owded flowers are nodding, each terminating a short curved
long but more than twice as long as the calyx, much swollen at the
base, god sig at the throat, with the five lobes somewhat spread-
ing. ve stamens are included in the corolla, the anthers
appenda: oad The subglobose Capeites 2 are less than a quarter of
an inch long, brown.
Joun K. SMALL.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Flowering branch, Fig. 2.—Portion of
corolla, X4. Fig. 3—Stamen, side view, X4. Fig. 4.—Stamen, front view,
x4. Fig. 5.—Fruit. Fig. 6—Dehiscent capsule.
ADDISONIA
PLATE 164
4 E.Eqlin.
ROSA “DR. VAN FLEET’
ADDISONIA 7
(Plate 164)
ROSA “DR. VAN FLEET”
“Dr. Van Fleet” Rose
Garden Hybrid
Family ROSACEAE Rose Family
Among the climbing roses there is none other which can fill the
place of this, for it is in a class by itself. A vigorous grower, with
lustrous beautiful foliage and delightful blossoms, it is admired by
all. A companion to ‘‘Silver Moon,” illustrated at plate 71 of
this work, it resembles it in habit and foliage, but there the resem-
blance ends. ‘The flowers in that are white or nearly so, and are
nearly single, in fact ‘Silver Moon” is the nearest approach we
have in hardy roses to that prime favorite of the south, the Cherokee
rose. In ‘Dr. Van Fleet” the color is a delicate flesh pink, deeper
in the bud, and the expanded flowers are sometime three or four
inches across; being borne on long stems they are valuable for cut
flowers.
In response to an inquiry Dr. Van Fleet, to whom we are indebted
for this beautiful addition to our rose gardens, writes that it was
grown in 1907 from seed produced by pollinating with ‘Souvenir
du President Carnot” a hybrid between Rosa Wichuratana and
Rosa Safrano. He adds that it bloomed the second year from seed,
and that he grew it under the provisional name of “ Daybreak,”
but that the introducers (Henderson & Co.) preferred to offer it
under its present name. Although the rose bears the name of its
producer, Dr. Van Fleet was not responsible for its application.
This rose was shown at an exhibition of the Horticultural Society
of New York held in the Museum building of the New York Bo-
tanical Garden in 1908. It was with the permission of the ex-
hibitor that the material shown was used for propagating purposes,
and it is from this source that the plants in the New York Botanical
Garden were secured; from one of these the illustration was pre-
pared.
It will grow in any ordinary garden soil, of course’in a sunny
position and free from the environment of other vegetation. While
primarily a climber, it can be grown also as a bush plant, but this of
course requires more vigorous pruning.
The “Dr. Van Fleet” rose is a climber of vigorous habit, the
stems attaining a length of fifteen feet or more, with firm shining
8 ADDISONIA
foliage, and delicate flesh-pink flowers. The branchlets are spar-
ingly armed with flattened, somewhat curved spines. The alternate
compound leaves are dark green and shining above and paler be-
neath, 5 sparsely giandular-pubescent rachis being sparingl
arm h small spines; the stipules are about a half inch long,
adnate es un rachis, with gland-tipped hairs on the margin, the
free portion subulate. ‘The thick firm leaflets, usually five and
rather distant, are ereuy oval or obovate, and usually an inch
to an inch and a half long and an inch or a little more in width,
with an acute or abruptly pointed apex and a rounded base; the
margin, except usually at the base, is very coarsely toothed, the
—— pointed. ‘The double flowers are solitary, or in clusters of
o to four, rarely more, the stalks with a few gland-tipped hairs;
the Sees are at first somewhat pointed, finally expanding and spread-
ing into a flower sometimes three or four inches across
GEORGE V. NASH.
PLATE 165 ADDISONIA
ne Falter
AMYGDALUS DAVIDIANA
ADDISONIA : 9
(Plate 165)
AMYGDALUS DAVIDIANA
David’s Peach
Native of China
Family AMYGDALACEAE PEACH Family
Persica Davidiana Carr. Rev. Hort. 44:74. 1872.
Prunus Davidiana Franch. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris II. 5: 255. 1882.
Amysdalus Davidiana Nash.
Of all the known peaches this is the earliest to flower, its pre-
cocity in this respect frequently leading to its undoing, for the
flower-buds are often killed by frost. Usually early in April, in
the latitude of New York city, three to four weeks in advance of the
common peach, this charming tree, of slender habit and willow-like,
puts forth its single flowers of a blush or light pink; there is also a
variety with pure white flowers. If the frost does not destroy the
buds, its flowers are a welcome sight, for it is one of the harbingers
of spring among our cultivated woody plants, in this respect vieing
with some of our native shrubs and trees, such as the spice-bush,
alder, and red maple. In hardiness it is the equal of the common
peach, and can be grown where that survives and in similar soil
and environment. It is a worthy addition to any collection of
woody plants, and should be more generally grown. The plant
from which the accompanying illustration was prepared was
received from the Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D. C
in 1909, and is now in the deciduous arboretum of the New York
Botanical Garden.
Amygdalus ‘Davidiana was discovered about 1867 by the Abbé
David in the neighborhood of Pekin, and by him subsequently
introduced into the gardens of England. As a fruit tree it has no
value, the fruit being thin-fleshed and of no economic importance.
It is said that in China it is used as a grafting stock for many of
the stone-fruits, and it may sometime prove of value in this country
for the same purpose.
The genus Amygdalus is found in eastern Europe and Asia.
There are about eight species in common cultivation, including the
common peach and almond. Amygdalus triloba, of China, is of
frequent occurrence in cultivation in its double-flowered form,
under the name of the flowering plum; in full bloom it is one of
the most charming and decorative of our garden shrubs. It,
10 ADDISONIA
however, like all its relatives, is subject to the attacks of borers,
and it requires eternal vigilance to keep it free from these pests.
They usually attack the base of the plant, and inspection just
above and below the soil is necessary to detect this enemy. ‘Their
presence is usually indicated by the borings, and the best remedy
is to cut out the offenders at once and exterminate them; if not
removed they will soon girdle the plant, and its eventual death is
certain. There are several double-flowered forms of the ordinary
peach in cultivation, some with white and others with pink, rose
or red flowers.
David’s peach is a small tree of slender habit, rarely over ten or
twelve feet tall, with blush or light pink, rarely white flowers,
commonly an inch or less long; the blades are lanceolate, elliptic, or
elliptic-lanceolate, up to five inches long and an inch and a half
wide, with the apex acute or with a — slender point the margins
are sharply serrate. The flowers have a diameter of about an
inch, and are borne solitary or two or thie together, as in other
peaches, on the ends of ascending spurs, or short branchlets; the
glabrous sepals are elliptic-lanceolate, acute; the petals are obovate-
— obtuse, blush or light pink, = “rarely white; the stamens
are numerous, with glabrous filam The hairy fruit, which
is sincnck He inch in diameter, is saat Spobalar and is grayish or
yellowish, having a prominent suture; the small stone is nearly glob-
ular, and is free from the dry whitish flesh.
GEoRGE V. NASH.
EXPLANATION OF PLaTE. Fig. 1—Flowering branch. Fig. 2.—Portion of
stem and leaf,
PLATE 166 ADDISONIA
ME Calon
VERNONIA CRINITA
ADDISONIA 11
(Plate 166)
VERNONIA CRINITA
Great Ironweed
Native of the Ozark Region of the United States
Family CARDUACEAE THISTLE Family
Vernonia crinita Raf. New Fl. 4:77. 1838.
Vernonia arkansana DC. Prodr. 7: 264. 1838.
Cacalia arkansana Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 969. 1891.
The great ironweed is one of a large group of species widely
distributed over most of temperate and tropical America and the
warmer parts of the Old World. Several others occur in the
eastern United States, but the great ironweed is perhaps the largest
species. It is at home in open woods and fields throughout the
Ozark Mountain region from Missouri to Oklahoma, and thrives on
dry, barren and stony soil, but reaches its largest size in more
favorable situations. The plant is a perennial, persisting from
year to year, and throwing up each successive summer a larger
number of stems from the base. The first of the showy red-purple
flower-heads open in midsummer, but are somewhat concealed by
the leaves. The later ones are more exposed, until by the end of
August the plant is a showy feature in its native haunts or in the
herbaceous border. After the fruit has matured and scattered,
the leafless stems, topped with the straw-colored remnants of the
flower-heads, persist through the winter and are by no means
unattractive in this condition.
None of the ironweeds has become popular in cultivation because
of their large size and coarse texture, rendering them poorly adapted
to the small garden. The wild plants usually grow in masses,
lining the roadsides or sometimes covering acres of hillside, meadow,
or open forest, and in such circumstances are very striking. The
great ironweed is especially adapted to poor soil, and should be
naturalized along walls and fences, in front of the shrub border at
the edge of dry woods, and in open places and clearings in the
forest. It is not injured by extreme cold in winter or by continued
drought in summer, and once established will maintain itself
without further attention and without danger of becoming a pest.
The great ironweed is an erect, herbaceous plant, reaching a
height of three to six feet or in unusually favorable conditions as
much as ten feet. The stout, tough stem is unbranched below,
12 ADDISONIA
but branches freely above the middle, and each branch terminates
in a cluster of flower-heads. The stems and branches are normally
quite smooth and rather closely beset with long, narrow, bright-
green leaves, three to eight inches long by less than an inch wide.
Each leaf tapers gradually at base and apex, is smooth or nearly
so on both surfaces, and is either entire at the margin or wit
small sharp scattered teeth. The flower-heads at the end of the
stem and branches are grouped i into a loose, irregular, rounded or
flattened cluster, which varies from a few inches to over a foot in
width and contains as many as a hundred heads. Some of the
heads are almost hidden among the leaves; others are on stout
stalks one to three inches long. The central head blooms first and
is followed by the central heads at the end of the branches and later
y the marginal ones, so that the period of bloom lasts for many
days. Each flower-head is enclosed while in bud by an involucre, or
cluster of specialized leaves known individually as involucral
scales. ese are very slender, spreading and curved, and as
much as an inch long. As the head comes into bloom, these
scales spread somewhat and from the center of the involucre RDECee
the Se Be red-purple florets. ‘There are from fifty to nearly a
d
hun f these in each head, and, as in most members of this family
of plants, the conspicuousness of the flower-heads depends more
upon the n he florets than upon the e s
fruit ripens, the involucre spreads widely, finally exposing the
cluster of slender seedlike fruits, one from each floret, Sats a fourth
an inch long and surmounted by a tuft of dull-purple hairs, or
pappiss by which the seeds are coaitered through the agency of
H. A. GLEASON.
EXPLANATION OF PiatE. Fig. 1—Flowering stem. Fig. 2——Flower, X2.
PLAT e167 ADDISONIA
iy E E ator.
H
PLATYCODON GRANDIFLORUM
ADDISONIA 13
(Plate 167)
PLATYCODON GRANDIFLORUM
Japanese Bellflower
Native of eastern Asia
Family CAMPANULACEAE BELLFLOWER Family
Campanula grandiflora Jacq. Hort. Vindob. 3:4. 1775.
Platycodon grandiflorum A.DC. Monog. Camp. 125. 1830.
As early as the year 1775 a great Asiatic bellflower was grown in
the botanic garden at Vienna, from seeds sent to Jacquin from
Siberia. He described it as Campanula grandiflora. A few years
later similar plants were introduced into England from Japan,
and various forms, such as autumnalis, chinensis, and sinensis,
were sent in from Korea, China, Japan, Manchuria, and Siberia.
They are now considered to be forms of the same species. In
1843 Fortune introduced into England a duplex-flowered form,
which is the one most frequently figured in horticultural publica-
tions. Maries collected a dwarf, large-flowered form for Veitch’s
nursery, and this, known as variety Martes?, is now in cultivation.
Some of the other forms are of horticultural origin, while others
appear to be geographical varieties. The Japanese call Platycodon
“kikio,”” The Chinese, according to Mr. E. H. Wilson, boil the
roots and extract therefrom a medicine.
Platycodon, now considered to be a monotypic genus, differs
from Campanula in its broadly bell-shaped flowers, the dilation of
the base of the stamens, and the opening of the capsule at the top
instead of at the side.
The Japanese bellflower and its varieties are among the most
satisfactory of garden perennials. Bushy, hardy plants, blooming
very freely in summer and early fall, they form when once estab-
lished a permanent feature of the hardy garden. The flowers are
large, blue or white according to the variety, of a firm texture,
and strongly veined; especially interesting is the corolla before the
five lobes separate to destroy the balloon-like bud. The plants
from which our illustration was taken have been in the herbaceous
borders at the New York Botanical Garden since 1913, and although
originally supposed to be variety albiflorum, some are blue- and
some white-flowered plants.
The best method of propagation is by means of seeds sown in the
14 . ADDISONIA
greenhouse or hotbed. The seeds germinate very readily, and
if sown too thickly the seedlings are liable to damp off from crowd-
ing. Division of the crowns is not readily effected, as the root-
system is cumbersome, fleshy, and brittle.
The Japanese bellflower is a perennial herb with a fleshy, strong-
crowned root-system, from which arise glaucous, purplish, brittle
stems forming a bushy plant up to three feet in height. h
lower leaves, arranged in whorls of usually three, are oblanceolate
~ nearly cordate with saw-toothed margins, and are two inches
ong and one inch wide, green above and glaucous-blue beneath.
The alternate upper leaves are linear, acute, and in the inflorescence
uch smaller and bract-like. The flowers are solitary and have:
a turbinate, smooth, glaucous calyx with five acute, triangular
lobes; a large inflated corolla with five triangular acute spreading
lobes; five stamens, whose filaments are slender, pale above but
dilated at the base into a broad, eee petaloid disk; linear
anthers; and a five-celled ovary with a round style, and green,
five-lobed stigma. The fruit is a Byespatoed capsule, opening at
the top, and contains many seeds.
KENNETH R. BOYNTON.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Flowering stem. Fig. 2—Upper portion
of ovary and style, X2. Fig. 3.—Capsule.
PLATE 168 ADDISONIA
BENZOIN AESTIVALE
ADDISONIA 15
(Plate 168)
BENZOIN AESTIVALE
Spice-bush
Native of northeastern United States and Ontario
Family LAURACEAE LAUREL Family
Laurus aestivalis I,. Sp. Pl. 370. 1753.
Benzoin aestivale Nees, Syst. Laur. 405.
Benzoin Benzoin Coulter, Mem. Torrey Oak - 164. 1894,
In moist woods and thickets and along streams the spice-bush
is at home. In such surroundings, late in March or early in April
in the vicinity of New York city, this shrub will be found covered
with bright yellow blossoms. ‘They come in advance of the foliage,
and while not conspicuous as individuals, in their multitude they
give a glimmer of gold to the landscape, and assume a prominence
which would not be theirs did they come later, when foliage and
flowers of more decorative mien would dwarf them by comparison.
It is one of the harbingers of spring, and tells us of the near demise
of winter; and anything which then gives us an uplift and a vision
of flowers to come is welcome. Later come the leaves, which, like
the bark, have a spicy fragrance (hence the derivation of the name),
followed in August or September by the bright red fruit. The
spice-bush is also known as spice-wood, Berjassa-pesh, fever-bush,
and wild allspice.
The natural habitat, a wet situation, will indicate the chief use-
fulness of this plant in cultivation, although it will grow in much
drier situations. It is very effective in low woodlands or along
streams, and is of special adaptation to the water garden. A piece
of low swamp land may be much beautified by the introduction of
this shrub and its natural associates. One of these is a plant with
striking foliage, its early leaves of a bright crisp green, with the
feeling of spring in its color; this is the skunk cabbage, a plant
despised on account of its name. This, however, does not destroy
its usefulness and effectiveness as a decorative plant of bold foliage
and habit. Another associate of the spice-bush in its wild state
is the marsh marigold, Caltha palustris. ‘These three give beauty
and brightness to a landscape, otherwise bleak and bare. The
spice-bush is of frequent occurrence wild in the grounds of the New
York Botanical Garden, and the accompanying illustration was
prepared from such a plant.
16 ADDISONIA
It is usually propagated by seeds which must be sown shortly
after maturity, as they soon lose their vitality; propagation may
also be effected by layers, which root best in a peaty soil; green-
wood cuttings under glass may also be resorted to.
The genus comprises about seven species, natives of eastern
North America and Asia. One other species, the hairy spice-bush,
Benzoin melissaefolium, grows in a similar habitat in the south-
eastern United States,
The spice-bush is a shrub, sometimes attaining a height of twenty
feet, with the stems erect or ascending, and having the bark smooth
and the twigs slender. The foliage appears after the flowers, =
leaves having stalks usually a half inch long or less. The blad
are oval or elliptic to obovate, as much as five inches long and half
as wide, and have the under surface paler; they are acute or short-
acuminate at the apex, more — some of them rounded, and the
base is narrowed. The fragrant yellow flowers are dioecious or
polygamous, and appear before the leaves in sessile clusters which
have at the base a deciduous involucre of four scales. ‘The perianth,
about an eighth of an inch in diameter, consists of six parts; in the
staminate flowers there are three series with three stamens each,
the filaments of the inner series being i lobed and ae at
the base; in the pistillate flowers there are twelve to eighteen
staminodia and a glabrous ovary with a style of about equal length.
The red fruit, a drupe, is sometimes nearly a half inch long and
perhaps a quarter inch wide.
GrorRGE V. NASH.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE, Fig. 1.—Branch with staminate flowers. Fig.
2.—Staminate flower, <5. Fig. 3—Stamen of inner series, showing basal
glands, X5. Fig. 4.—Stamen of outer series, X5. Fig. 5.—Branch with pistil-
late flowers. Fig. 6.—Pistillate flower, x8, Fig. 7. =Staminodium, x8.
Fig. 8.—Pistil, 8, Fig. 9.—Fruiting branch.
PLATE 169 ADDISONIA
CEPHALANTHUS OCCIDENTALIS
ADDISONIA 17
(Plate 169)
CEPHALANTHUS OCCIDENTALIS
Button-bush
Native of North America
Family RUBIACEAE MADDER Family
Cephalanthus occidentalis I,. Sp. Pl. 95. 1753.
With the single exception of the plant here described and illus-
trated, all species of the madder family native in northern North
America are herbaceous; in warm-temperate and tropical regions,
however, this family is largely composed of shrubs and trees in
many genera. ‘The button-bush inhabits wet grounds, preferring
swamps, often growing in water more than a foot deep. It does
not yield kindly to transplanting, except when young, and then
only to situations similar to those in which it naturally exists.
Its range extends from New Brunswick to southern Florida, west-
ward to western Ontario, Wisconsin, Kansas, Arkansas, and New
Mexico.
Vaillant knew the plant as early as 1722 and called it Platano-
cephalus, with reference to the similarity of its flower-heads to those
of the plane-tree. Plukenet, in his “ Almagestum Botanicum”’ of
1691, illustrated and briefly described the plant, noting its common
name as buttonwood. It was grown in England as early as 1735
and in Holland by 1740.
The similarity of the English names buttonball and buttonwood,
applied to different plants resembling each other in their flower-
heads, has led to some confusion; “‘ buttonwood,” used by Plukenet
in 1691, has come to be generally applied to the American plane
(Platanus occidentalis). Many other English names are used
locally for Cephalanthus, among them honey-balls, globe-flower,
pond-dogwood, pin-ball, swamp-wood, and river-bush. Our illus-
tration was painted from a wild bush in the New York Botanical
Garden.
The bark has been used in medicine as a supposed febrifuge.
The genus Cephalanthus, characterized by dense globose heads
of small flowers, whence the name (Greek, head-flower), has the
plant here described as its typical species; another (Cephalanthus
Hanseni Wernham) occurs in Arizona, California, and northern
Mexico; there are two or three other Mexican species, one Cuban,
18 ADDISONIA
two Peruvian, and one in Paraguay and Argentina; two inhabit
southeastern Asia and one is South African.
The button-bush is a shrub from three to — feet high, rarely
sige ea a tree up to twenty feet high (Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1:
54) with a trunk about six inches in diameter, a dark brown bark
Sl es low ridges; the = are irregularly opposite or
whorled, the twigs slender, and smooth or somewhat hairy. The
leaves are thin, opposite or ehored: Seats to oval, entire-margined,
smooth or somewhat hai iry, from three to six inches in length and
from one inch to about two and one-half inches wide; they are
pointed at the tip, narrowed or rounded at the base and have a
stalk less than an inch long. The small white flowers, which
na Pe in late spring in the south and in summer in the north, are
born —_ e round stalked see about an inch in diameter,
long, with four pointed lobes; the four short stamens are borne on
the corolla-throat; the ovary is two-celled, with a single ovule in
each cavity and is tipped by a neat style which projects
much beyond the corolla; the stigma is small ded. The
fruits are small, dry, hard, sepicaaidat containing one or two
seeds with narrow cotyledons.
N. L. BrIrron.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Flowering branch. Fig. 2.—Flower, X 2.
Fig. 3.—Fruit, X 2
PLATE 170 ADDISONIA
CORYLOPSIS SPICATA
ADDISONIA 19
(Plate 170)
CORYLOPSIS SPICATA
Common Corylopsis
Native of Japan
Family HAMMAMELIDACEAE WITCH-HAZEL Family
Corylopsis spicata Sieb. & Zucc. Fl. Jap. 1:47. 1836.
- Those who are not acquainted with plant families would hardly
recognize in this interesting Japanese plant a close relative of one
of the most familar plants of our own woodland, the common witch
hazel, one of the few autumn-flowering shrubs. Not as in the witch
hazel do its flowers appear in the fall, but at the opposite season of
the year, the early spring. Late in April or early in May, in the
latitude of New York city, its golden tassels of fragrant flowers
appear, making of it an object of grace and beauty. The flowers
are all the more conspicuous, as they appear before the leaves or
just at the time of their unfolding. A shrub of small size, rarely
attaining a height of over four feet, and an equal spread, it is well
suited to limited quarters where larger shrubs cannot be attempted.
It prefers a peaty or sandy soil, but will grow in ordinary ground
not too heavy. As the flowers fade the attractive foliage develops,
the broad leaves being firm in texture. The specimen from which
the illustration was prepared has been in the fruticetum collection
of the New York Botanical Garden since 1912. Other and larger
specimens, obtained in 1899, are in the same collection, indicating
that a long period of usefulness may be expected.
The fact that it is a native of the mountains of the islands of
Kiusin and Shikoka, in the extreme southern part of Japan, makes
the hardiness of this plant north of New York city, except in shel-
tered situations, an uncertain matter. At the New York Botanical
Garden, however, as indicated above, it has been in cultivation for
about twenty-one years, proving there at least its perfect hardiness.
About a dozen species of the genus Corylopsis are known, half
of them in cultivation; of these the one most commonly cultivated
is that here considered.
Propagation may be effected by seeds, sown in the spring, the
best results being obtained with a little bottom heat; by half-
ripened wood under glass, the cuttings being made in the summer;
the process of layering may also be employed, as rooting takes
place readily in fairly moist peat soil.
20 ADDISONIA
The common corylopsis is a shrub of rather compact habit, rarely
exceeding four feet tall and of equal width. The young —— are
pubescent, salted reas later. The leaves, two to three
inches long, are alternate, the mature ones having iedey talks
commonly less than an inch lon ng; the blades are broadly oval or
obovate, or vaste orbicular, inequilateral, especially at the cordate
base, and acute at the apex; the upper surface is green and glabrous,
the lower paler and whitish, pubescent, especially on the slightly
curved nerves; the margin is sinuately toothed, the nerves extending
into short points. The pendulous aoc are one to two inches
long and have six to ten flowers, each flow —— subt matted by a
conspicuous broad brown bract; there are ales milar bracts and
two or three leaves below the racemes. ‘The eck are three
eighths of an inch to half an inch long; the calyx is hairy, the lobes
short; the petals are bright yellow, obovate and obtuse, and are
narrowed toward the base. ‘The stamens are five, alternating with
oo -parted short staminodes. There are two styles, and the
ovary is partly superior. The fruit is a two-celled dehiscent cap-
sule, each cell with a beak and containing a single black seed.
GEORGE v. NASH.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1—Flowering branch. Fig. 2.—Portion of
calyx, with petal and two stamens, X 2. Fig. 3.—Pistils, x 2. Fig. 4.—
Fruiting branch. Fig. 5.—Fruit open, exposing seeds.
PLATE 171 ADDISONIA
MK. Eb E oLO 5
ADLUMIA FUNGOSA
ADDISONTIA 21
(Plate 171)
ADLUMIA FUNGOSA
Climbing Fumitory
Native of the northern and eastern United States and Canada
Family FUMARIACEAE FuMEwort Family
Fumaria fungosa Ait. Hort. Kew. 3:1. 1789,
Adlumia cirrhosa Raf. Med. Rep. IT. 5: 352.
Adlumia fungosa Greene; B. S. P. Prel. Cat. N. 7. 3. 1888.
Unlike the other members of the fumewort family this graceful,
slender annual is a vine, whose nearest relatives are found in Asia.
The genus was named for Major John Adlum, whose memoir on
the ‘Cultivation of the vine in America, and the best mode of mak-
ing wine” was published in 1823. It contains a list of the grapes
grown in his vineyard near Georgetown, D. C., where he established
an experimental farm and grew many of our American species.
The preface to this little book and the following quotations on the
title-page are well worth reading in these days of agricultural re-
search and prohibition!
““Wine is as good as life to man, if it be drunk moderately; what is
life then to a man that is without wine? for it was made to
make men glad.
‘‘Wine measurably drank, and in season, bringeth gladness of the
heart, and cheerfulness of the mind.”
Ecclesiasticus, c. 31, v. 27, 28.
The genus Adlumia is monotypic and with the exception of one
of the Himalayan species of Bicuculla is the only climbing member
of the family. This species is also called the ‘‘mountain fringe”’
and “Alleghany vine,’ names which indicate the character of its
habitat and range; it shows a preference for moist, cool woodland
borders in rocky situations, and the delicacy of its texture and
continuous blooming would make it an attractive plant in culti-
vation, whenever suitable conditions may be had. It grows readily
from seed and comes up year after year in gardens where it has
become established, preferring partial shade and moist soil among
other plants, where it can climb. It is known to occur wild in
New Brunswick, Ontario, and Michigan, and ranges southward
along the Alleghanies to the mountains of North Carolina, having
also been reported from Kansas, but is little known in cultivation,
22 ADDISONIA
though its delicate beauty and grace entitle it to a place in every
“well considered garden” along with the “ bleeding heart,” that old-
time favorite.
The plants from which this illustration was made have been
grown for many years in my garden from seeds obtained at Buckhill
Falls, Pennsylvania, and seem to endure our hot summers and
violent thunder storms and full sunshine, as well as strong winds.
Furthermore it is an annual, reproducing itself readily from seed,
and may readily be transplanted in early spring.
The climbing fumitory is a delicate glabrous plant with pale-
green foliage; its three-parted, bipinnate leaves are divided into
slender distant segments with cuneate toothed leaflets, which are
in in texture, with the petioles twisting around other plants, thus
enabling it to reach to a height of eight to ten feet, making a tangle
sometimes quite dense in growth he stems are weak and brittle,
of a pale red color, and seldom more than one-eighth of an inch in
diameter. The flowers are borne in loose, axillary, drooping clus-
ters, and are pale pink in color and slender in form. Each blossom
is borne on a short curved stalk and is about three-fourths of an
inch long by less than a quarter of an inch wide at base, tapering
to the slightly opened mouth where the two united petals spread
apart and show the stamens within. The sepals consist of two
small bracts which usually fall off as the flower develops, as in many
other members of the poppy family. The stamens are six in number,
united below, diadelphous above and more or less adherent to the
petals. The pods about equal the flowers in length, are pale green
and slender, split in half when ripe and produce about ten to twelve
small, glossy-black seeds which mature from June to October.
EvizaBpetu G. BRITTON.
EXPLANATION oF Puats. Fig. 1.—Flowering stem. Fig. 2.—Flower, sepals
absent, X 3. Fig, 3—Sepal, X 8 Fig. 4.—Pod, X 3. Fig. 5.—Seed, X 3.
PLATE 172 ADDISONIA
APHELANDRA NITENS
ADDISONIA 23
(Plate 172)
APHELANDRA NITENS
Shining Aphelandra
Native of Colombia
Family ACANTHACEAE AcANTHUS Family
A phelandra nitens Hook. f. Bot. Mag. pl. 4761. 1868.
This is one of the most attractive members of a family furnishing
many showy varieties for the conservatories. In flower the bright
scarlet-vermilion of its blossoms makes it conspicuous in any
collection, but its beauty is not confined alone to flowering time,
for the foliage is striking in the richness of its color, a deep shining
green above contrasting with the vinous purple of the lower surface.
Its home is in’ Colombia; it was first known from Guayaquil, from
which place specimens were sent about 1867 by Richard Pearce who
was on a collecting trip for the Messrs. Veitch. Plants from this
source flowered in May, 1868, in the Royal Exotic Nurseries, at
Chelsea, and the species was described from this material. The
plant in the collection of the New York Botanical Garden, from
which the illustration was prepared, was secured from the conser-
vatories of Mrs. Finley J. Shepard in 1919.
Its successful cultivation requires the conditions of a stove
house, that is one where the temperature and humidity are high.
It is readily propagated by cuttings; it is said to produce seed if
placed in a cooler and drier house when in flower.
The family to which this plant belongs is a large one and widely
distributed, mainly in tropical regions. The genus Aphelandra .
is confined to America, extending from Mexico southward to Peru
and Brazil, being especially well represented in the Andean regions.
Besides the present species there are six or seven others in culti-
vation.
The shining aphelandra, under greenhouse cultivation, is an
erect herb, usually of dwarf and compact habit, with thick leaves
of a deep green above and vinous purple beneath, and a spike of
searlet-vermilion flowers e green stems are stout and round,
and are sparingly branched. ae ovate leaves are opposite, up
to six inches long, with the margin recurved and the apex acute;
the broad base is abruptly canoes into a petiole a half inch long
or less. The erect spike is usually about six inches long; the green
sect bracts are ovate or elliptic and acute, an inch to an inch and
24 ADDISONIA
a quarter long, and somewhat pubescent. The flowers are erect;
e sepals are linear-lanceolate; the corolla has the yellow tube
longer than the calyx, the upper lip hooded and concealing the sta-
mens, the lower lip of three spreading divisions, the middle one
much the larger.
GEoRGE V. NASH.
EXPLANATION OF PLaTE. Fig. 1—Flowering stem. Fig. 2.—Flower, split
ADDISONIA
PLATE 173
MEEalon.
CORYLUS ROSTRATA
ADDISONIA . 25
(Plate 173)
CORYLUS ROSTRATA
Beaked Hazel-nut
Native of North America
Family BETULACEAE Birrcu Family
Corylus rostrata Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 364. 1789.
This is one of the two hazel-nuts found in the more temperate
parts of North America. It is a shrub or, at most, a small tree,
and loves banks of rivers and small streams or the moist valley
where it thrives in the companionship of larger trees that protect
it from the too ardent heat of the sun and from the too violent force
of the wind. However modest and retiring it may be, it comes to
life very early in spring, and puts forth its flowers long before its
leaves. The flowers are of two kinds, catkins, long, slender, and
graceful, providing abundant pollen for the small but none the less
beautiful flowers that produce the nut. These are worthy of a
closer examination with a small glass. The delicate greens and
browns of the outer coverings form a most satisfactory contrast to
the bright red stigmas spread out to catch a few of the many millions
of pollen-grains blown about by the wind.
The fruit, a small nut, is edible like its more common relative,
the hazel-nut. It ripens in autumn and may be gathered about
the time of the first frost. The beaked hazel-nut differs in appear-
ance from the common hazel-nut on account of its outer covering
which is extended into a long, somewhat curved beak. Two fruits
always grow from one stem. The plant is quite widely distributed
throughout the more temperate parts of North America, being
found from Quebec to British Columbia, and as far south as the
mountains of Georgia.
he beaked hazel-nut is a shrub a small tree, with rather thin
leaves, double toothed, smooth and dark green. The staminate
flowers are borne in pendulous catkins, without sepals or petals,
and with eight stamens, each of which has a one-celled anther.
On the same twig, above the catkins, are borne the fertile or pistil-
late flowers. ‘These are small, about a quarter of an inch in length.
The calyx adheres to the ovary, and one of the lobes extends above
it. The style is very short; the e stigmas are long and bright red.
The cotyledons, which form the main substance of the nut, come
26 ADDISONIA
to os ‘ape on germination. They are edible and deliciously
flavo
E.Ba E. WarTSON.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Flowering branch, showing staminate and
pistillate catkins. Fig. 2—Pistillate catkin, X 4. Fig. 3.—Scale with two
pistillate flowers, X 4. Fig. 4—Branch with fruit and leaves.
ADDISONIA
PLATE 174
DRACOCEPHALUM SPECIOSUM
ADDISONIA az
(Plate 174)
DRACOCEPHALUM SPECIOSUM
Showy Obedient Plant
Native of the northern Mississippi Valley
Family LAMIACEAE Mint Family
Dracocephalum speciosum Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. pl. 93. 1825.
Physostegia virginiana Benth. Monog. Labiat. 504, in part. 1834.
Physostegia formosior Tanell, Bull. Leeds Herb. 2:7. 1908
Dracocephalum virginianum Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. ed. 2. 3: 116, in part. 1913.
While the mint family contains many attractive plants, most of
the native species of the eastern and central states have flowers of
rather small size. The chief exceptions are the horse mints, of the
genus Monarda, of which most are conspicuous and some exceed-
ingly showy, and the interesting obedient plant illustrated in our
plate, with its several closely allied species. In the north central
states and Missouri Valley, the obedient plant is a common but
not abundant denizen of the woods and thickets of rich, damp,
alluvial soil along streams, seldom occurring in large patches, but
rather scattered individuals and small colonies. Growing in
habitats often not easily accessible and opening its pink-purple
flowers in midsummer when the weather is hottest and mosquitoes
most troublesome, the obedient plant is by no means as well known
to many lovers of wild flowers as it should be. Neither has it
become common in cultivation, although it grows freely in any rich
soil, either in the open or in half shade, and blossoms there even
better than in its native woods. Our illustration was prepared
from a plant in cultivation in the New York Botanical Garden.
This species is offered for sale by some dealers in hardy perennials
under the name Physostegia virginiana. This name rightfully
belongs to a different plant, properly known as Dracocephalum
virginianum. Although our species has been in cultivation for a
century and was recognized as distinct in 1825, it has escaped
further botanical scrutiny until recently. When the writer intended
to describe it as new in 1906 he found that Mr. G. V. Nash had
already assigned it a name. Before the latter was formally pub-
lished, the name Physostegia formosior was given toit. It remained
for Mr. Nash to show that it had already a name of long standing
by which it is here designated.
28 ADDISONIA
The significance of the name “obedient plant” is shown by a
statement in its original description: ‘‘The spikes of flowers in this
species are regularly 4-sided, although, when growing in the garden,
the flowers are often seen to be facing one way; this is owing to the
short and weak pedicels, and the weight of the flower, keeping it so
firm on the bracts, that whatever way the wind blows it, there it
remains. . . . the flowers may be moved by the hand in the same
manner, either all to one side, or some to one side, and some to the
other, and wherever they are placed, there they will remain.”
fleshy in texture, and dark glossy green in color. There are few
branches, and those all toward the summit of the stem, each ter-
minating in a spike of flowers, of which the central one is always the
longest and highest. The flowers are crowded closely on the spike,
and the lowermost bloom first, others following in succession to its
summit. Each flower has the structure characteristic of the mint
family. The calyx is short, somewhat bell-shaped, terminating in
H. A. GLEASON.
‘XPLANATION OF PLate. Fig. 1—Inflorescence. Fig. 2.—Portion of stem
and leaves. Fig. 3.—Flower, split open. Fig. 4—Stamen, X 6. Fig. 5.—
Fruiting calyx, X 2. Fig. 6.—Nutlets, x 2. Fig. 7—Nutlet, X 2.
PLATE 175 ADDISONIA
4 £.E.aton.
HYDRANGEA QUERCIFOLIA
ADDISONIA 29
(Plate 175)
HYDRANGEA QUERCIFOLIA
Gray-beard
Native of Georgia, Florida, Alabama, and Mississippi
Family HypDRANGEACEAE HypDRANGEA Family
Hydrangea quercifolia Bartr. Travels 380. 1794.
Hydrangea angulata Tausch, Flora 17: 494. 1834.
Nearly a century and a half ago the son of the first native Ameri-
can botanist was travelling with a caravan of traders in a journey
across Georgia. ‘They were on their way to trade with the Indians
in western Florida. When between the Okmulgee and Flint rivers,
a little southwest of the site of the present city of Macon, William
Bartram records “I observed here a very singular and beautiful
shrub, which I suppose is a species of Hydrangea;’’ he described
the plant and named it Hydrangea quercifolia on account of the
resemblance of its lobed leaf-blades to those of some kinds of oaks.
He also there published a good plate of it.
Specimens were doubtless procured at this early date by William
Bartram for his father’s garden at Philadelphia. Herbarium speci-
mens are extant, gathered in Bartram’s garden, presumably from
the original cultivated plants, or from their descendents. Living
specimens were taken to England about the beginning of the last
century and were grown with success there. Although native not
far from the Gulf region it is hardy a thousand miles further north.
By its numerous stems, arranged so that the leaves form a dome-
like mass of green above which the large erect plumes of inflorescence
stand, this plant is conspicuously excellent for making clumps on
lawns. It is much better adapted to many cases in our country
than some of the commonly used Asiatic kinds of hydrangea are;
but, as some Philosopher recorded jong ago, ‘‘A prophet is not
without honor, save in his own country.’
Curiously enough, the other southern shrub suited for just such
planting, and an associate in natural geographic range, is the small-
flowered buckeye (Aesculus parviflora) which was illustrated and
described at plate 63 of this journal. It, too, is hardy just as far
north as the shrub under consideration.
The gray-beard, or old man’s beard, will thrive in almost any
kind of soil, but a rich soil will naturally give a more luxuriant
30 ADDISONIA
growth. It is conspicuous in the landscape not only at flowering
time, in the spring, but in fruit, on account of the ray-flowers which
are persistent until after frost.
introrse stigmatic line. The fruits are crowded together in the
persistent panicle, urn-shaped, prominently ribbed, crowned wit
the persistent calyx from the mouth of which protrude as two
horns the dried stout stigmas.
Joun K. SMALL.
EXPLANATION OF Pats. Fig. 1.—Top of flowering branch with young leaves
d small i Fig. 2.—Flower, X 3. Fig. 3—Fruit, x 4.
PLATE 176 ADDISONIA
ME Eaton
JEFFERSONIA DIPHYLLA
ADDISONIA 31
(Plate 176)
JEFFERSONIA DIPHYLLA
Twin-leaf
Native of eastern United States
Family PoDOPHYLLACEAE May-appLeé Family
Podophyllum diphyllum U,. Sp. Pl. 505. 1753.
Jeffersonia binata Barton, Trans. Am. Phil, Soc. 3: 342. 1793.
Jeffersonia diphylla Pers, Syn. Pl. 1: 418. 1805.
Among the wild flowers of eastern North America there are two
of strikingly similar habit, yet always classified as members of
different families. These are the bloodroot (Sanguinaria) and the
twin-leaf. They agree in having short, thick rootstocks, from
which arise in early spring simple scapes, each with several sheathing
scales and one or more basal leaves, and each bearing a single ter-
minal flower about an inch in diameter. In both the sepals are
fewer than the petals, and drop off as the flower expands, while the
petals are white and are eight or more in number; the leaves are
~ small at flowering-time, becoming several times as large later in the
season. ‘These remarkable points of resemblance may well make
us wonder whether our ‘‘natural’” system of classification is, in
the present instance, so natural after all.
innaeus, in his historic work entitled “Species plantarum”
(1753), attempted to enumerate all of the known kinds of plants,
and assigned to each a double name, the first standing for the
genus and the second for the species, a method never before con-
sistently applied, but in almost universal use since that time.
For the most part he merely gave new names to plants previously
known; among the very few described as new, however, was the
twin-leaf. He knew it only from fruiting specimens collected in
Virginia by John Clayton, and was very doubtful of its relationship;
he referred it, however, to the same genus with the may-apple
(Podophyllum peliatum) calling it Podophyllum diphyllum. His
botanical acumen is shown by the fact that all modern works recog-
nize the close relationship of the two plants.
When Barton, with a far better knowledge of the twin-leaf,
distinguished it as the type of a new genus, he named it Jeffersonta,
in honor of Thomas Jefferson. This was seven years before the
commencement of Jefferson’s first term as president, while he was
secretary of state in Washington’s cabinet. Jefferson was noted
32 ADDISONIA
for his interest in natural science. He was acquainted with many
of the scientists of his day, at home and abroad, and was interested
in the introduction of useful plants into the United States.
The twin-leaf grows in rich woods, showing a decided preference
for calcareous soils, from northern New York to Wisconsin and
northeastern Iowa, and southward to Tennessee. It is not a
native of the valley of the Hudson, but has been grown successfully
in the herbaceous grounds of the New York Botanical Garden, and
these cultivated plants have supplied the leaves, flowers, and fruits
figured in our plate.
There is another species of Jeffersonia in eastern Asia. This
peculiar distribution, in eastern North America and eastern Asia,
with no known occurrence between, is shared by several genera of
the may-apple family, and has been remarked in many other groups
of flowering plants.
The twin-leaf is a low perennial herb. From near the tip of a
short erect or ascending underground stem there arises in early
spring a slender, erect, leafless flower-stalk, from four to ten inches
high, with a cluster of sheathing scales and foliage-leaves at its base
of the other, but with outline and venation reversed; hence
common name ‘‘twin-leaf.”” Each half of the leaf-blade is acute
tually the flower-stalk elongates, often to a foot or more in length,
and the flower is succeeded by a pod half an inch to an inch long,
the lower two-thirds turbinate and the upper third conic; it first
opens by a transverse slit along the line of the greatest diameter,
this slit extending and gaping open, until finally the conic tip 1S
reflexed, and attached to the body of the pod merely by a narrow
hinge. J. H. BARNHART.
_ EXPLANATION OF Piatg. Figs. 1-3.—Leaves. Fig. 4.—Expanding flower,
with sepals at apex. Figs, 5 and 6.—Flowers. Figs. 7 and §.—Stamens, X 3.
Fig. 9.—Pistil, X 2. Fig. 10,—Capsule. Fig, 11—Dehiscent capsule.
PEATE 177 ADDISONIA
CRATAEGUS PHAENOPYRUM
ADDISONIA 33
(Plate 177)
CRATAEGUS PHAENOPYRUM
Washington Thorn
Native of the southeastern United States
Family MaLackAk APPLE Family
Mespilus Phaenopyrum L. f, Suppl. 254. 1781.
Crataegus cordata Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 168. 1789. fe Mespilus cordata Mill.
Crataegus Phaenopyrum Medic. Gesch. Bot. 83.
Of our native ornamental woody plants ae is one of the showiest.
Its flowers appear in great abundance, commonly early in June,
later than any other of the thorns; in late fall the foliage changes to
brilliant shades of scarlet and orange, which, with the brightness of
the abundant fruit, make of this a striking feature in the landscape.
It is of rapid and symmetric growth, unusually free from the
attacks of fungous diseases, and is perfectly hardy. Its fruit is not
as large as that of many other species, but its great abundance
and the brilliancy of its coloring make this thorn more attractive
than some of the larger-fruited forms.
This species was known in Europe toward the end of the seven-
teenth century. It is in cultivation in this country, but not to
the extent that its beauty and attractiveness deserve. The plant
from which the illustration was prepared was secured by exchange
with the Buffalo Botanic Garden in 1901, and is now in the frutice-
tum eee: of the New York Botanical Garden.
he Washington thorn is a tree often twenty feet or more tall,
oblong in outline, with erect or strongly ascending branches.
The branchlets are armed with slender spines up to two inches
long, at first of a bright chestnut-brown, later darker. The leaves
have petioles up to one and a half inches long. The blades a
bieedly-< ovate to triangular, up to two inches long and an inch a
e; they are acute at the apex, and truncate or slightly
wedge- aleaped or heart-shaped at the base; the — is three-
lobed or three-five-cleft and is sharply serrate, except at the base.
he corymbs are few-flowered, and appear after the aioe are fully
gro he petals are obovate. The fruit is almost globose, up
to a quarter of an inch in diameter, and is of a poet scarlet.
ORGE V. NASH.
EXPLANATION OF Pate. Fig. 1.—Flowering branch. Fig. 2.—Fruiting
branch,
PLATE 178
VIBURNUM SIEBOLDII
mE.Lalon,
ADDISONIA
4
ADDISONIA 35
(Piate 178)
VIBURNUM SIEBOLDI
Siebold’s Viburnum
Native of Japan
Family CAPRIFOLIACEAE Hon&YSUCELE Family
Viburnum Sieboldii Miq. Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. 2: 267. 1866.
This isa shrub or small tree of large and vigorous habit, and _
requires ample space for its development and display; a garden of
limited area, therefore, could hardly accommodate it. As a back-
ground for small shrubs it is well adapted, its tall strong stems
and large striking leaves lending much character to a group; the
ample clusters of white flowers, which appear about the middle of
May in the latitude of New York City, add much to its attractive-
ness at that time. The fruit, which passes through pink to its
mature color, a bluish black, ripens in September; at the time of
fruiting the branches of the cyme turn to a bright seatlet, adding
much to the beauty of the plant. Where a large vigorous shrub is
needed, attractive in flower and bright in fruit, there is none to
excel this. The bruised foliage and wood exhale a disagreeable
odor, but as this is not manifest under normal conditions, it is
quite easy to avoid this unpleasantness.
In its native country this viburnum grows along streams, at the
foot of mountains in dense woods, so its habitat would suggest a
plant suitable for shady and moist situations. It is of exceedingly
easy culture, thriving in sun or shade. It is readily propagated,
as ‘are most of the viburnums, by seeds, or by greenwood cuttings
under glass. It was introduced into cultivation in the latter part
of the nineteenth century by Mr. S. B. Parsons, who brought into
this country so many valuable Japanese plants. The illustration
was prepared from a plant which has been in the fruticetum collec-
tions of the New York Botanical Garden since 1895.
Siebold’s viburnum is a large shrub or small tree of vigorous up-
right habit, attaining a height of ten or fifteen feet. Its stout
branches are pubescent when young with rusty hairs. The opposite
leaves are deciduous and have stout petioles up to an inch long.
The blades are oval to obovate-oblong, up to five inches long and
an inch and a half or two inches wide, crenate-serrate, except at
the base, acute at the base and rounded at the apex; the upper
surface is dark green and sparingly a, when young, later
er ail
glabrous; the lower surface is pal permanently stellate-
36 ADDISONIA
pubescent; the nerves are a especially on the lower
surface. The flower-clusters a e ample, up to four inches across,
Sern or nearly tr pet the seer branches spreading and,
- er ) orescence, pubescent. The flowers have
wero rt hardly distinguishable calyx-lobes, and white rotate
ae sicet a quarter of an inch broad. ‘The fruiting clusters
have the branches a bright scarlet. The fruit is oblong, about a
half inch long, heaing at first pink, later to a bluish black, and is
early deciduous
GEORGE V. Nasu.
EXPLANATION OF PLate. Fig. 1—Flower cluster. Fig. 2.—Calyx-tube or
hypanthium, Fig. 3.—Fruiting bran
PLATE 179 ADDISONIA
ie ag E alg
MEE ole?
STEPHANANDRA TANAKAE
ADDISONIA 37
(Plate 179)
STEPHANANDRA TANAKAE
Large-leaved Stephanandra
Native of Japan
Family RosacEAk Rosez Family
Stephanandra Tanakae Franch. & Sav. Enum, Pl. Jap. 2: 332. 1879.
‘Of the two species of this genus in cultivation, the other being
Siephanandra incisa, this is to be preferred on account of its more
robust habit, larger leaves with more character, and greater clusters
of larger flowers; at the New York Botanical Garden it has also
proved somewhat hardier, the branchlets not killing back so much
in winter. It is a graceful shrub, well adapted to shrub borders
or rocky banks, and is of easy culture, its requirements being met
by any ordinary garden soil. It may be readily propagated by
seeds, or by greenwood cuttings under glass; also by division. Z
It is a native of the Hakone mountains in Japan, and was origin-
ally collected on the slopes of Fuji-yama. The specimen from
which the illustration was prepared was secured by exchange with
the Royal Gardens, Kew, England, in 1901, at which institution
specimens flowered in 1897 raised from seed secured directly from
Japan in 1893.
The genus Stephanandra contains four known species, three of
these being natives of Japan and one of China. It is closely related
to Opulaster, the nine-bark, and to Spiraea.
The large-leaved stephanandra is a graceful shrub of paced ne
habit, often eee a height of four or five feet and as great
breadth. nches are ascending or spreading and have ‘wench
bark. The ene: are alternate on short petioles, which about equal
the deciduous stipules. The blades are up S two inches long, not
quite so broad, are broadly ovate in outline, and are three-lobed,
the lateral lobes being smaller, all the lobes seg t lobed and serrate;
they are wees on the upper surface, pales on the nerves
beneath, and are membranous and light green, changing to a
golden yellow in the fall. The small flowers are in pendulous
panicles up to four inches long. The calyx is yellow, its five acute
lobes ovate and pubescent. ‘The five white petals, which are about
as long as the cal packet: are oblong-ovate, spreading and puberu-
ous. The egal are fifteen to twenty, the anthers on short
filaments. ‘The ovary has a terminal short style and a capitate
stigma. "The capsule is Sicke opening jrevaldey at the base,
and is two-seeded. GEoRGE V. NASH.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Flowering branch. Fig. 2.—Flower, X 4.
Fig. 3.—Fruit, < 4.
PLATE 180 ADDISONIA
MONARDA MEDIA
ADDISONIA 39
(Plate 180)
MONARDA MEDIA
Purple Bergamot
Native of northeastern United States
Family LAMIACEAE Mint Family
Monarda media Willd. Enum. 32. 180
Monarda fistulosa media A. Gray, Syn. es 2): 374. 1878.
Species of Monarda have been cultivated in gardens for about
three centuries. The horsemint or wild bergamot was well known in
England before 1755, but in that year Peter Collinson brought a
bright patch of color to the gardens by introducing Monarda didyma,
our Oswego tea. About 1792 a purple-flowered form was brought
into England, whence it was probably distributed to the continent.
Willdenow described it as a new species from plants growing in
the Botanic Garden in Berlin.
The robust weedy habit of growth of the monardas makes their
cultivation easy. Spreading rapidly by the roots, they form great
matted crowns, and the only cultivation they need is restrictive, to
keep them within bounds, and to prohibit their running out other
plants. The purple bergamot is propagated readily by division of
roots, and grows in any soil, but may do better with one which
retains moisture. If the plants are cut back after flowering, they
will give more bloom later in the season. The illustration was pre-
pared from a plant growing in the New York Botanical Garden.
The purple bergamot is a perennial herb, growing two or three
feet high. The strong — are four-angled, reddish j in ie se
slightly hairy. They bear many opposite, short-stalked, dark gree
leaves, with ovate eeicnted blades acute at the tips. The
flowers are in dense terminal clusters, subtended by showy purple
bracts, some i and leaf-like, others long and narrow, with thread-
like points. Each flower has a tubular, 15-ribbed calyx, with sharp,
awl-shaped lobes, and spreading hairs in the throat; a purplish-red,
hairy corolla, which is two-lipped, the upper lip ‘short, concave,
and the lower oblong, three-lobed, the middle lobe the most promi-
nent. Only two of the stamens ae Snes and these are exserted
from the corolla and are very slen
KENNETH R. BOYNTON.
EXPLANATION OF PiaTs. Fig. 1.—Flowering stem. Fig. 2.—Calyx, X 3.
Fig. 3.—Stamens, X 3. Fig. 4.—Fruit, X 3. Fig. 5.—Nutlet, X 3.
Mie ae
PLATE 181 ADDISONIA
Mares € Eaton.
CLETHRA BARBINERVIS
ADDISONIA 41
(Plate 181)
CLETHRA BARBINERVIS
Asiatic Sweet Pepper-bush
Native of eastern Asia
Family CLETHRACEAE WHITE ALDER Family
Clethra barbinervis Sieb. & Zucc. Abh. Akad. Miinch. 4°: 128, 1846.
This is one of the most striking of the sweet pepper-bushes.
It is of upright habit, and bears its racemes of fragrant blossoms in
panicles. While this, as is the case with the remainder of the hardy
species, does best in a moist peaty or sandy soil, it will also grow in
dry situations, although not attaining there so great a size. It is
as hardy as our native eastern species, Clethra alnifolia, illustrated
at plate 12, and is larger and more showy. Propagation may be
effected readily by seed, which should be sown in pans in the spring
in sandy or peaty soil; it may also be propagated from greenwood
cuttings under glass; resort may be had also to layering and division.
The illustration was prepared from a plant which has been in the
fruticetum collections of the New York Botanical Garden since
1899, when it was imported directly from Japan.
The Asiatic sweet pepper-bush is a shrub or small tree, attaining
a height sometimes of thirty feet. Its glabrous branches are
upright or ascending. The nies are alternate, deciduous, with
petioles a half inch long or less. The blades are se
ix inches long a
acuminate at the apex and usually a at the base; the upper
surface is es green, finally glabrous, ete lower surface paler and
ubescent, at least ee The racemes are
The lobes of the white corolla are oval and obtuse. The stamens
are glabrous. The fruit is a little broader than high, and is pees
GEORGE V. NASH
EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Flowering —— Figs. 2 and 3.—
Stamens, X 3. Fig. 4,—Pistil, xX 3. Fig. 5.—Fruit,
PLATE 182 ADDISONIA
M ft lon.
SOLIDAGO RUGOSA
ADDISONIA 43
(Plate 182)
SOLIDAGO RUGOSA
Wrinkle-leaved Golden-rod
Native of eastern North America
Family CARDUACEAE THIstLe Family
Solidago rugosa Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Solidago no. 25. 1768.
This, one of the brightest colored of our golden-rods, inhabits
fields, roadsides, and fence-rows, making the landscape bright in
September with its golden color. Flowering at about the time the
New England aster comes into bloom, and growing in similar situa-
tions, it makes a striking combination with the rich purple of that
plant. With the great wealth of golden-rods and asters which
adorn our fields and woods, it is regrettable that so few of them are
used to beautify our gardens. ‘They stand transplanting well, and
in any neighborhood a wealth of material may be secured, for the
mere digging, which would add an autumn glory to the garden.
This golden-rod is of easy culture, thriving in any ordinary
garden soil, but preferring an open sunny situation as its natural
habitat would suggest. It may be readily propagated by division
of the roots, or by seeds. The illustration was prepared from a
wild plant collected in the grounds of the New York Botanical
Garden, where it is common. :
Referring again to the many kinds of golden-rods, it may be
stated that there are growing wild in northeastern North America
about fifty species, all but one, with white flowers, having blossoms
of some shade of yellow; in addition there are many others in the
southern and western states. The genus is typically North Ameri-
can, but two or three species being known from Europe, and a few
from Mexico and South America.
The wrinkle-leaved golden-rod is one of the commonest of our
eastern wild species, attaining a height usually of four to six feet,
exceeding this. The st
gh sometimes stems a fe)
branched at the summit, and are hairy or sometimes nearly glabrous
The alternate leaves are up to four inches lon an in
half wide, sessile, or the lowest sometimes narrowing into petioles
44 ADDISONIA
times recurved, branches which form a large terminal panicle.
The involucre has Sn dealaeasii linear setae scales. The ray-flowers
are bright yellow
GEORGE V. Nasu.
EXPLANATION OF Pate. Fig. 1.—Flowering stem. Fig. 2.—Head, X 3.
Fig. 3.—Leaf.
PLATE 183 ADDISONIA
CERATOSTIGMA PLUMBAGINOIDES
ADDISONIA 45
(Plate 183)
CERATOSTIGMA PLUMBAGINOIDES
Chinese Leadwort
Native of China
Family PLUMBAGINACEAE Leapwort Family
Ceratostigma plumbaginoides Bunge, Enum. Pl. Chin. 55. 18353.
Plumbago Larpentae Lindl. Gard. Chron. 1847: 732. 1847.
Valoradia plumbaginoides Boiss. in DC, Prodr. 12: 695. 1848.
The subject of our illustration is one of the rarer of our border
plants. ‘the European leadwort has long been cultivated, and the
South African one, Plumbago capensis, a slender, blue-flowered
shrub, is found in many conservatories. The Chinese leadwort,
which has been used as a bedding plant in the old world to some
extent for over half a century, is used in this country as a hardy
perennial. This species was discovered near Pekin by Bunge in
1831; in 1846 Fortune found it growing near Shanghai. Plants
first sent to England failed to live, but in 1847 the gardener to
Lady Larpent succeeded in growing a few flowers and exhibiting
An English nursery firm introduced it to cultivation.
Lindley described the species as Plumbago Larpentae, but it differs
from Plumbago, lacking the sticky glands on the calyx, and having
several short glands on the stigma.
The plants from which the painting was taken grew for two years
in the flower borders of the New York Botanical Garden, and by
late summer in 1919 had made a solid mass, about one foot high, of
strong green foliage, and bore bright blue flowers profusely. All
indications pointed to a desirable hardy perennial, of robust habit,
with an abundance of flowers. The severe winter of 1919-20,
however, saw the destruction of the entire group; but many other
hardy plants suffered likewise, so perhaps it can be said to with-
stand normal winters. Cultural requirements are a sunny location,
moderately rich soil, and ample winter protection. Propagation
is effected by means of cuttings or division of the roots.
The Chinese leadwort has a perennial root, and flexuose, branch-
ing, red stems about one foot high. The alternate leaves have —
obovate, ciliate-margined blades, the lower ones narrowed at their
bases so as to be almost stalked, the upper sessile. The flowers
are in terminal clusters. Each has at the base two or three strawy
red bracts. ‘The calyx is long, tubular, ridged, and has five awl-
46 ADDISONIA
shaped teeth. The corolla-tube is longer than the calyx, and the
flat limb has broad, bright blue lobes. The five stamens are
united at the base and attached to the corolla. The short style
bears five stigmas, which have a number of — horn-like a
KENNETH R. BoyNTOo
EXPLANATION OF PhaTe. Fig. 1.—Flowering stem. Fig. 2.—Stamens, X 2.
Fig. 3.—Pistil, X 2. Fig. 4.—Fruit, X 4.
PLATE 184 ADDISONIA
f
GROSSULARIA CURVATA
ADDISONIA 47
(Plate 184)
GROSSULARIA CURVATA
Southern Gooseberry
Native of Georgia and Alabama
Family GROSSULARIACEAE GOosBBERRY Family
Ribes curvatum Small, Bull. Torrey Club 23: 295, 6.
Grossularia curvata Coville & Britton, N. Am. Flora 22: 221. 1908.
The southern part of the Atlantic prong of the American continent
as it was sketched out at the ‘‘beginning” is the home of both
endemic genera and species. Of course, the surface of the land
has been changed continuously and perhaps it was wholly sub-
merged after it was first elevated; but the present more or less
prominent domes of granite that were intruded in this earliest land
formation and were also exposed at an early period, harbor especially
peculiar plants.
The subject of this note is one of the woody plants characteristic
of the granite areas of the southern end of the Piedmont Plain.
The unique vegetation of these isolated areas may represent the
persistent remnants of a very old flora. For, although the vege-
tation was subjected to the vicissitudes of climate for a very long
time, the plants there were not subjected to the more violent changes
resulting from erosion which those in the adjoining regions were and
are undergoing, and which may have obliterated all their earlier vege-
tation. For the granite, once bared of the decay of the sedimentary
strata and other rocks, is slow to be disintegrated and shifted
through the various meteoric agencies.
This graceful gooseberry was discovered by the writer of this
note in the spring of 1905, growing in great abundance on the slopes
and about the base of Stone Mountain near Atlanta, Georgia.
Since then it has been introduced into cultivation and distributed
commercially by nurseries.
There are about six kinds of native gooseberries in North America
east of the Mississippi River. Five of these were discovered
more than a century ago. Although some of them have long been
cultivated for their fruits and have served as parents for various
hybrids, none are particularly well adapted for ornamental purposes.
The present one, however, is an ornamental shrub of the first order
on account of several characters the other species lack. It thrives
well in poor or rich soil, is vigorous in growth, and has a peculiar
48 ADDISONIA
habit on account of its very numerous gracefully recurved branches;
its long-stalked drooping flowers, which appear before the maturity
of the leaves, are very conspicuous for a gooseberry-bush, and the
numerous vivid-green scalloped leaves seem to be wholly free from
the disfiguring effects of diseases and animal pests.
Although not native north of middle Georgia, this shrub is
perfectly hardy as far north as the latitude of southern Canada.
It may be a southern plant whose ancestors survived the rigors of
the ice age and whose adaptation to a colder climate still enables
it to — in a latitude far north of its present natural geographic
ran
The southern gooseberry is a spine-armed shrub about a yard tall
or less. ‘The branches are conspicuously recurved, clothed we a
purplish bark which ultimately becomes loose and papery.
branchlets are reddish, wiry, and often drooping at the tips. Th Be
numerous small leaves are bright green, with suborbicular deeply
lobed blades eines a petioles. The flowers are
solitary, nodding, usually numerous. ‘The flower-tube is glandular.
The sepals are a, inear = “ihearsepatulate, about a quarter of
an inch long, recurved, whitish and with hyaline edges. The
petals are white, much smaller than the eevials: each with a pair of
rie ee near ee apex. ‘The stamens are erect, conspicuous,
iry filaments and red anthers. ‘The style is pee ent.
The ben is globose, often fully a quarter of an ee in diameter.
Jou MAL
EXPLANATION OF Pate. Fig. 1.—Flowering branch. Fig. 2.—Fruiting
branch,
PLATE 185 ADDISONIA
ROSA *EDITH CAVELL”
ADDISONIA 49
(Plate 185)
ROSA “EDITH CAVELL”
‘Edith Cavell” Rose
Garden Hybrid
Family ROSACEAE RosE Family
This is one of the latest introductions among the dwarf polyantha
roses, and it is of first class merit. The growth is vigorous and
clean, and the flowers, borne in great profusion in large clusters,
are of a brilliant scarlet overlaid with deep velvety crimson, a
unique color in its class; it should be neglected by none who favor
this type of rose. It blossoms freely in the early summer, with
scattering bloom following until fall, when it again flowers more
freely. Specimens of this rose have been in the rose garden at the
New York Botanical Garden since the spring of 1919; they were
presented by Messrs. Bobbink & Atkins of Rutherford New Jersey,
who inform me that this rose was originated in 1917 by Jan Spek,
of Boskoop, Holland. It is from one of these specimens that the
illustration was prepared.
The ‘‘ Edith Cavell” rose is of bushy habit, attaining a height, under
feet. The stems are glabrous, with
broad flat thorns a quarter of an inch long or less. The leaves are
with small spines; the ciliate-toothed stipules are adnate
rachis, or sometimes the very apex is free. The leaflets are usually
seven, or those of the upper leaves only five, on very short stalks;
they are elliptic to oval and have the margins crenate-serrate; the
base is rounded or somewhat acute, and the apex acute. The
flower-clusters are large and showy, the branches, especially the
more. ‘The sepals are toothed or lobed. The petals are broadly
obovate, usually more or less retuse, and of a brilliant scarlet,
overlaid with deep velvety crimson,
GrorcE V. NASH.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1—Flower cluster. Fig. 2.—Portion of stem
and leaf.
PLATE 186 ADDISONIA
‘| b Eatbr
RUDBECKIA LACINIATA
ADDISONIA 51
(Plate 186)
RUDBECKIA LACINIATA
Tall Cone-flower
Native of the United States and Canada
Family CARDUACEAE THISTLE Family
Rudbeckia laciniata 1,. Sp. Pl. 906.
Few plants are better Kadwar than the rudbeckias or cone-
flowers. After the common daisy or white-weed, the black-eyed
susan, Rudbeckia hirta, is perhaps the favorite of our fields and
roadsides. This and other kinds have been in our gardens many
years, and in old world gardens are seen even more frequently.
The most notorious member of the cone-flower group is the “‘ golden
glow,” which is a “double” form of Rudbeckia laciniata, commonly
seen in yards and gardens everywhere; it was introduced to culti-
vation from the nursery of John Lewis Childs, about 1894, and was
said to have been found among specimens of the normal form.
The double yellow form is useful as a cut flower, but its garden effect
is no improvement upon that of the wild form. It is supposed that
the cultivation of the tall cone-flower dates back to at least the
year 1640, when it was grown in the garden of Charles I, by John
Tradescant, his gardener. Other records refer to a ‘‘ Doronicum
americanum,” in the Parisian garden of Vespasian Robin, before
1623, which is supposed to have been Rudbeckia laciniata. Perhaps
all of the cone-flowers are appreciated more as garden. subjects in
Europe than in their native country.
The cultivation of the tall cone-flower is very simple, as it is a
hardy, robust grower, and thrives in almost any soil. It grows
taller and more vigorously in a moist location reaching a height of
10 feet, with luxuriant foliage and many greenish-centered yellow
flower-heads from August to October. With us this plant and the
golden glow are subject to the attacks of a red aphis, which covers
the stems, especially at the tops, and ruins the appearance of the
plants. Whale-oil soap heavily applied has proved effective in
smothering these plant lice. Our illustration was taken from a
wild plant in the vicinity of the lakes east of the museum building
of the New York Botanical Garden.
The tall cone-flower is a branching perennial herb, sending up
strong smooth stems to a height of seven feet or more. The lower
leaves are long-petioled, pinnately divided into five or seven parts
52 ADDISONIA
which are divided seein into lobes and have deeply toothed margins;
the upper leaves are smaller Sata to five-parted, with shorter
petioles; the Copermaet are three- rted or entire; all are light
— in Stat and are smooth or sal with a few short scattered
hair owers are numerous in heads surrounded Sas an
aovatecre of a few lanceolate, unequal, drooping bracts. The
individual flowers of the head are of 1 eas sorts, the outer ae ‘to ten
drooping yellow neutral ray-flowers, and the inner disk-flowers,
with five-lobed corollas, five stamens, and slender styles with hairy
tips. The disk consists of many of these crowded into a long, green-
ish yellow Sa The fruits of the disk-flowers are four-sided,
brown, truncate achenes, surmounted by short crowns, and set in a
avratidal Paeptate the chaff of which surrounds each achene.
KENNETH R. BOYNTON.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Flowering stem. Fig. 2.—Portion of
stem and lower leaf. Fig. 3—Disk-flower, X2. Fig. 4.—Fruit, <3.
PLATE 187
ME. Eokon_
PENSTEMON SECUNDIFLORUS
ADDISONIA
ADDISONIA 53
(Plate 187)
PENSTEMON SECUNDIFLORUS
Lavender-pink Beard-tongue
Native of the east slope of the central Rocky Mountains
Family SCROPHULARIACEAE Ficwort Family
Penstemon secundiflorus Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10: 325. 1846.
This beautiful plant is a fit species with which to introduce the
forms of Penstemon of the great home-land of the genus, the high-
lands of western temperate North America. As are its congeners
previously shown, P. secundiflorus is luxuriant of bloom and its
flower-form alone would arouse our interest. Peculiarly its own is
the unusual flower-color, a shade of lavender-pink with a suggestion
of violet.
No species better illustrates the appropriateness of the common
name ‘beard-tongue.’ The genus Penstemon is distinguished by
the presence within the corolla of a rudimentary or abortive stamen,
of which the anther in the course of evolution has become wholly
lost, while the well-developed filament lies like a ‘tongue’ along
the lower side of the corolla throat. In our species this tongue is
much enlarged, and on its upper side bears a dense beard of orange-
golden hairs—a ‘bearded tongue’ conspicuous against the lavender
ground-color of the flower.
Penstemon secundiflorus is one of a group of closely related species,
all distinguished by such a hairy tongue. They occur on the high
plains, plateaus, and mountain foot-hills of the west, and the dis-
tribution of each is surprisingly precise. Our species I have seen
in abundance on loose granitic slopes at different points in the
eastern foot-hills of Colorado, yet its entire range follows this
narrow belt of land from southeastern Wyoming to northeastern
New Mexico. Some species of this genus are known from but a
single park-like valley or a single mountain-range or isolated peak,—
when we can read the lesson of such dispersal, what information
such plants will give of the evolution of climate and land on our
continent!
The lavender-pink beard-tongue is a quite smooth glaucous
herbaceous plant, from a short rootstock sending up several stems,
each terminating in a narrow panicle of lavender-pink flowers.
The stems are erect, and nine to eighteen inches tall. The leaves
of the winter rosette, persisting at the base of the stem until the
54 ADDISONIA
flowering season, are two to four inches long, the petiole shorter
than the ovate blades; the stem-leaves are lanceolate and sessile,
clasping by a rounded base; all are wholly glabrous, atisia and
somewhat fleshy-thickened, ‘and q uite entire. The panicle, some-
times becoming half the height of the plant, is strongly. secund,
strict and composed of six to nine nodes; the branching is of the
type of P. Digitalis (Plate 130), but its structure is masked by the
Sh ices of the lateral peduncles, so that the primary peduncle
appears to bear a single cluster of three to six flowers; the bracts
The sepals are o
with erose scarious violet-whitish margins, and are about one fourth
of an inch long. ‘The corolla is nearly one inch long, its throat
gradually expanding, arched above and rounded beneath, the
glabrous, but within over the bases of the anterior lobes it is pubes-
cent with slender white hairs. The stamens are essentially as in
P. hirsutus (Plate 145), the anther-sacs oblong, violet, and einteGal:
The sterile filament is conspicuously widened distally, and densel
bearded to the apex with orange-golden hairs. The capsule is
ovate in outline, acuminate, glabrous, nearly one half inch long,
and the seeds are brown, curved and sharply angled, about one
eighth inch long.
Francis W. PENNELL.
EXPLANATION oF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Flowering stem. Fig. 2,—Flower, split
open exposing stamens. Fig. 3.—Anther, with part of filament, <4. Fig. 4.—
Fruit. Fig. 5.—Lower leaf.
PLATE 1865 ADDISONIA
PINUS THUNBERGII
ADDISONIA 55
(Plate 188)
PINUS THUNBERGII
Japanese Black Pine
Native of Japan
Family PINACEAE PINE Family
so mrgsroneg Sieb, & Zucc. Fl. Jap. 2: 24. 1842. Not Pinus Massoniana
1828
Pinus Thunbergit Parl. in DC. Prodr. 16?: 388. 8.
Many species of pine have peculiarities of habit which permit their
identification at a distance, and this is one of them. In a young
state this peculiarity is not pronounced, but as the tree grows it
becomes more and more emphasized. The Japanese black pine
often has a characteristic leaning habit, which, with a contortion or
bending of the trunk, gives it a striking and unique appearance in
the landscape, this oddity providing it with a desirable place in
landscape work. Of easy culture, being equally well adapted to
poor or rich soils, it is especially valuable in horticulture, for it
readily adapts itself to a variety of conditions. ‘This pine has been
in cultivation in the New York Botanical Garden since 1898, and it
is from one of the specimens there that the illustration was prepared.
A native of Japan, except in the northern island of Yesso, it is
also extensively cultivated there; the native use as a shelter-tree
along the seacoast to protect cultivated lands from the sweep of the
sea winds, and the employment of it for fixing sand dunes and on
exhausted lands unfit for other crops, suggest valuable uses for it in
this coun
Itis acnociated with the religious life of Japan, for it is found there
in temple enclosures and cemeteries. The Japanese employ this
pine in exercising their instinct for formal training, remarkable
examples, the result of years or even centuries of training, exist.
In some specimens the branches have been artificially trained in a
horizontal position so that they cover an area over two hundred
and fifty feet in diameter. A most remarkable example, in a
monastery garden, has been trained in the form of a junk, the
central trunk forming the mast, opposite branches having been
trained to represent the hull of the junk; the priests of the monastery
claim that this is the result of over three centuries of training.
Pinus Thunbergit was introduced by Siebold into Europe in
1855, and it made its first appearance in Great Britain in 1861
through John Gould Veitch. At first it was considered identical
56 ADDISONIA
with the Pinus Massontana of China, an error which has persisted
up to the present day, for it is now sometimes offered for sale under
that name. It was not until 1868 that the mistake was detected,
and was rectified by Parlatore who gave to it the name it now bears.
There are two varieties of this species in cultivation: one is
known as Oculis-draconts, in which the leaves are marked with two
yellow bands, giving the tufts of leaves as seen from above, an
appearance of alternate yellow and green rings—hence its varietal
name, which means dragon-eye; and the other, variegata, which has
the leaves wholly or partly yellow or yellowish white.
The genus Pinus contains about eighty known species, of wide
distribution in the northern hemisphere, extending from the arctic
circle to Mexico and the West Indies, and in the Old World to
northern Africa and the Malayan archipelago. In tropical and
subtropical regions it is confined mainly to the mountains. While
some few species are dwarf and shrubby, most of them are trees,
some tall, and, when mature, extremely picturesque. The needle-
shaped leaves are usually in bundles of two to five, commonly with a
scarious sheath at the base of the bundle. The flowers are of two
kinds, borne on the same tree: the staminate in aments which appear
in the spring and are conspicuous on account of their color and
abundance; and the less conspicuous pistillate, which develop into
cones,
of fifty feet, rarely e, the trunk, i re specimens, bein
flexuous or contorte covered wi arial brown deeply
fissured bark; the = is usually open, owing to the naked condition
e r parts of the branchlets, exposing the characteristic
appearance of the t e branche so orted o
flexuous and usually somewhat pendulous; the branchlets, in whorls
of three to five, have a pale reddish ish
white buds, abruptly acuminate at
tly a the apex,
three quarters of an inch long, and have actimitiate Heoartencectate
scales which are ciliate with long ai hairs. The leaves, two in
margins so ee a measure up ss foes or five inches Pag.
The staminate flowers are in aments up to an inch long. The
ate cones, pale reddish SIO eE are about two inches long
and an inch in diameter; the oblong scales = the apex rhomboidal,
with a wane depressed keel at the cen
“CS EORGE V. NASH.
EXPLANATION OF PiaTe. Fig. 1.—Fruiting branch. Fig. 2.—Apex of skapaes
showing terminal bud and young cones. Fig. 3.—Staminate aments. Fig. 4
Seale of ament, side view, X4. Fig. 5.—Scale of ament, front view, <4.
- ADDISONIA
PLATE 189
PHYSALIS FRANCHETI
ADDISONIA 57
(Plate 189)
PHYSALIS FRANCHETII
Chinese Lantern Plant
Native of Japan
Family SOLANACEAE Potato Family
Physalis Franchetiti Mast. Gard. Chron. III. 16: 434. 1894.
This large-fruited winter-cherry of Japanese gardens has been
called merely a form of Physalis Alkekengi, the common winter-
cherry of Europe, the fruits of which are used in decoration and in
making preserves. ‘The Japanese plant, however, differs in habit, is
smooth, and has larger more brilliantly colored fruiting calyces,
which give the plant its common name of “ Chinese lantern’’ plant.
It was not found in cultivation in Europe until James H. Veitch
sent seeds of it to his nursery establishment in England, about
1893. The plant was exhibited before the Royal Horticultural
Society in October, 1894, and is now cultivated in gardens generally.
Related plants are Physalis peruviana and P. pubescens, respectively
the Cape-gooseberry and the strawberry-tomato of our vegetable
gardens. In America we have about thirty native species, the
ground-cherries, with smaller fruits and calyces. The flowers of
the Chinese lantern plant are not showy, but the fruit and fruiting
calyces are, and the stems may be cut and hung up for winter
decorations, the glowing red ‘‘lanterns” being especially attractive
e children.
By means of creeping underground stems, which reach out in all
directions, a considerable space of ground may be covered by a few
plants, and their cultivation is simply a matter of cleaning, weeding,
and mulching. Propagation is effected by division, or by seeds,
which are freely produced. One large group of this Physalis, from
a specimen of which our illustration was prepared, may be seen in
flower borders near Conservatory Range No. 1, New York Bo-
tanical Garden.
The Chinese lantern plant is a perennial herb, with many short
fibrous roots from slender stolons or underground creeping stems,
from which arise simple, glabrous, zigzag stems to a height of two
feet, bearing at a node one or two leaves and one flower. The
leaves are glabrous and entire, or shallow-toothed near the apex,
ovate or deltoid, acuminate at the apex and cuneate at the base;
they measure from two to three inches across. The flowers are
58 ADDISONIA
ellow in color, with campanulate calyces which have five
weed wet hairy at the margins, and funnelform corollas also
with five rounded lobes. The five stamens are attached to the
base of the corolla. The styles are slender and inconspicuous.
In fruit the calyses are drooping on long colored foray reach a size
of two to three inches long, and two inches wide, ar e bright red in
color, leathery in texture, and strongly potlcutated. completely
wiloelar: the b bright red, many-seeded fruits.
KENNETH R. Boynvon.
EXPLANATION OF PLaTE. Fig. 1.—Flowering stem. Fig. 2.—Calyx, x2.
Fig. 3.—Segment of corolla, X2. Fig. 4.—Fruiting stem. Fig. 5.—Fruit.
PLATE 190 ADDISONIA
a
PTEROSTYRAX HISPIDA
ADDISONIA 59
(Plate 190)
PTEROSTYRAX HISPIDA
Hispid Winged Storax
Native of Japan
Family StyRACACEAE Srorax Family
Pterostyrax hispida Sieb. & Zuce. Abh. Akad. Muench. 4%: 132. 1846.
Among the woody plants which are hardy in the latitude of
New York this must be considered one of the most attractive, when
in full bloom, on account of its profusion of fragrant cream-colored
flowers in long pendulous clusters. In this latitude it is usually a
large shrub, but in a situation which is congenial it will develop into
a small tree, and he who possesses a healthy vigorous tree of this
species may consider himself fortunate. It flowers in June, and is
hardy as far north as Massachusetts in sheltered situations. There
are several specimens of it in the New York Botanical Garden: in
the form of a shrub at the fruticetum; but the best specimen is a
small tree, about twenty feet tall, along a walk not far from the
entrance to the elevated railway. Specimens of this were secured
by exchange with the Royal Gardens, Kew, England, in 1897, and
it is from one of these that the illustration was prepared. It is
sometimes sold under the name oe corymbosa, a species
quite different and rarely seen in cultiv:
It will grow in any soil of cated ae but it does best
in a moderately sandy loam. Propagation may be readily effected
by seeds or by layering; also by greenwood cuttings under glass.
The genus Pterostyrax, native of China and Japan, has four
known species, three found in both China and Japan, the fourth
being confined to China. The genus was, and is sometimes now,
united with Halesia, a group of plants peculiar to the southeastern
United States. It differs in several essential characters, and is now
considered distinct.
The hispid winged storax sometimes attains a height of fifty feet,
“ad commonly much less than this in cultivation, often only a
alternate leaves are on petioles up to an inc
are elliptic, up to mc inches long and about half as wide, with an
acute or shortly acuminate apex and a wedge-shaped base; the
upper surface is glabrous, t the lower paler and glabrous or finely
white tomentose, the veins pubescent. xillary panicles, with
two or three leaves at the base, are pendulous, up to six saihee long,
60 ADDISONIA
and the branches, which are again divided, are one to two inches
Hosa spreading, and with the flowers on one side; the axis and
anches are pa See with spreading hairs. The fragrant flowers
ie on pedicels one twelfth of an inch long or less. The calyx is
obconic, finely white pubescent, and five-toothed, the ovate- —
acute teeth very short. The cream-colored corrolla, which
finely pubescent both inside and out, is divided eisngat to the ae
into five oblong-elliptic obtuse — ‘which are about a third of an
inch long and half as wi es. an e spreading or recurve The
is shameas have pubes t tiasbats united below. The inferior
ovary is three-celled, sah cell containing four ovules; the spas
style is longer than the stamens. ‘The fruit is less than a half inch
long, narrow, many-ribbed and densely hispid.
GEORGE V. NASH.
XPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Flowering — Fig. 2.—Flower
opened and spread out. Fig. 3 —Leaf. Fig, 4.—Fru
PLATE 191 ADDISONIA
3
KOELREUTERIA PANICULATA
ADDISONIA 61
(Plate 191)
KOELREUTERIA PANICULATA
Varnish Tree
Native of Japan, Corea, and China
Family SAPINDACEAE SOAPBERRY Family
Koelreuteria paniculata axm. Novi Comm, Acad. Petrop. 16: 561. 1772.
Sapindus chinensis Murray, Syst. Veg. 315. 1774.
Koelreuteria chinensis Hoffmgg. Verz. Pfl. 70. 1824.
Here is a tree for our summer months, for it comes into bloom in
July or August, when its large clusters of bright yellow flowers
make it most attractive, especially so at that time as there are then
few trees in flower. Its curious bladdery fruit follows in September,
again making of the tree an interesting object. It has a round head
and large compound leaves which make it distinctive in the land-
scape during the summer season.
It is not particular as to soil, and prefers a sunny situation; as
it stands drought well and survives under hot winds, it is much
grown in the central west, from Kansas and Missouri southward,
where it is known as “‘ Pride of India” or “China tree.” This tree
is hardy in the latitude of New York city, and as far north as Massa-
chusetts, although there it sometimes kills back in severe winters.
It has been in cultivation at the New York Botanical Garden for
many years. Specimens of it will be found in the deciduous arbore-
tum, and another specimen along the road near the viburnum
triangle south of the Museum; it was from the latter, which has
been in the collections since 1906, that the illustration was prepared.
Propagation is effected by seeds, which may be sown in autumn or
stratified; also by root cuttings.
There are five known species of the genus Koelretueria, that here
considered being the only one commonly cultivated. Of the re-
maining species three are from China and one from Formosa.
The varnish tree in cultivation seldom attains a height of over
feeatsy tex feet; it has a rounded rather dense head. The leaves
are a te, unequally pinnate, or rarely bipinnate, petiolate.
The leaflets are seven to fifteen, sho rtly stalked; the blades are
oe elliptic, or oblong-ovate, with the e apex obtuse or acute and
e base rounded and abruptly wedge-shaped, and the margin
a crenate-serrate, or lobed, especially at the base, the teeth
or lobes serrate; they measure up to four inches long and over
half as wide, and have the surfaces glabrous, except the pubescent
62 ADDISONIA
nerves, the lower surface paler than the upper. The inflorescence
is terminal, ample, up to eighteen inches long, the axis, branches,
and pedicels minutely pubescent. The irregular polygamous
flowers are about a half inch in diameter; the sepals are unequal,
obtuse or acute, about a twelfth of an inch long, ciliate; the four
upturned petals are linear-lanceolate, obtuse or acutish, spreading,
somewhat undulate, yellow, clawed, the claw with two small
appendages which are at first yellow, later red; the disk is erect,
lobed. The declined stamens are eight, or sometime es fewer, with
long hairy free filaments. The ovary is oblong, three-angled,
pubescent, with a long em ovules in each cell two. The fruit is a
bla ddery three-lobed capsule up to an inch and a half long. The
seeds are black, globose, up to a quarter of an inch in diameter.
GrEorGE V. NASH.
EXPLANATION OF Pate. Fig. 1.—Portion of flower-cluster. Fig. 2.—
Staminate flower, X3. Fig. 3.—Perfect flower, X3. Fig. 4.—Fruit. Fig. 5.—
Leaf.
PLATE 192 4 _ ADDISONIA
Manu, £ Eaton.
,
EPIPHYLLUM HOOKERI
ADDISONIA 63
(Plate 192)
EPIPHYLLUM HOOKERI
Hooker’s Epiphyllum
Native of Trinidad
Family CacTACEAE Cactus Family
Cereus Hookeri Link & Otto, Cat. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1828.
Epiphyllum Hookeri Haworth, Phil. Mag. 6: 108. 1829.
Phyllocactus Hookeri Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 38. 1842.
In tropical America there is found a very interesting genus of
cacti known as Epiphyllum. Unlike the cacti from the desert
regions of Arizona and Mexico with which we are most familiar,
the plants of this genus do not grow in dry regions but are often
found in dense rain-forests; like their desert allies they too must
have xerophytic conditions, so they grow on the bark of trees and
are known as epiphytes. These plants do not have leaves but the
stems are flat, green and leaflike, functioning as leaves. The
flattened stems were at one time supposed to be leaves upon which
the flowers were borne, which is the origin of the name Epiphyllum.
The genus contains about twenty-four species, ranging from
central Mexico through Central America to central South America.
None are known to be native in the West Indies, except in Trinidad.
One or more, however, have been described from Cuba, but these
were doubtless based on cultivated plants. It is possible that there
are species in the mountains of Santo Domingo or in the southern
Antilles which will be found when those regions are more thoroughly
explored. A number of epiphyllums are in cultivation and some
of them are highly prized as ornamentals. Some are night-bloomers
while others are day-bloomers; some have large sweet-scented
flowers. Epiphyllum oxypetalum, bmg known as Phyllocactus
bifrons in the trade, is a great fav
The name Epiphyllum dates Back # 1689 when it was first used
by P. Hermann. Its use, however, as a generic name in the modern
sense dates from 1812 when it was used by Adrian H. Haworth,
who made it a new genus based upon Cactus phyllanthus. Some
years later other plants were referred to Epiphylium, and still later
the type of the genus Epiphyllum was made the type of a new genus,
Phyllocactus, and the name Epiphyllum was used for a totally
different plant, namely Epiphyllum truncatum. Epiphyllum has
recently been restored to its original type, while the “ Epiphyllum”’
64 ADDISONIA
of the gardens becomes Zygocactus truncatus. The species which is
shown in our illustration is native to Trinidad and has long been in
cultivation in gardens and conservatories.
Hooker’s pe pedara has stems at first erect, but soon drooping,
often becom ndent, and six to ten feet long; the branches are
very V: vitiasie: either long, slender and whip-like, or broad, thin and
leaf-like. The la aire branches are sometimes three inches broad,
with a crenate margin. The flowers appear at night, and are not
sweet-scented; the ieee tube is very slender; the — ieee
segmen lemon-yellow while the inner ones are p hit
the filaments are white. ‘The fruit is oblong, about poe dee caer
and red.
J. N. Rose.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1—Flower. Fig. 2.—Upper part of stem.
ADDISONIA
65
INDEX
£1 tn 211 ae | APITALS
Bold-face type is used for the Lati
for Latin names of families illustrated and for the names of the euttions of the
text; italics for other Latin names, including synonyms,
ACANTHACEAE: Aphelandra nitens, pl.
172
Acanthus ee 23
Adlumia
se Eek 21
fungosa, 21, plate 171
Aesculus parviflora, 29
yss w, 3
Alyssum saxatile compactum
AMYGDALACEAE: Amygdalus Dawidiana,
pl. 165
Amygdalus
Devin, 9, plate 165
nitens, Ee plate 172
Apple family, 33
BARNHART, a OHN HENDLEY: Jeffersonia
diphylla, 3
i Hn 53
Laven
—— cs plate 168
Benzot
ea dice 16
Bergamot
Purple, 39
Wild, 39
BETULACEAE: Corylus rostrata, pl. 173
Black-eyed Susan, 51
Bloodroot, 31
Boynton, WLAND: Cera-
tostigma Witeigacidec 45; Diplo-
taxis tenuifolia, 3; onarda media,
h ; Platy-
codon oye castes 13; Rudbeckia
lacinia
Brassica, ee
RASSICACEAE: Diplotaxis tenuifolia,
162
ON, ELIZABETH GERTRUDE: Ad-
lumia fungosa, 21
BRITTON, NATHANIEL Lorn: Cephalan-
thus occidentalis, 17
Buckeye, Small-flowered, 29
Buttonwood, 17
Cabbage, ese i
Cacalia arkansi
CACTACEAE: anaes Hookeri, pl.
192
Cactus phyllanthus, 63
i :
y, 63
‘altha palustris, 15
fae —_— 13
CAMPANULACEAE: 'ycodon grandi-
florum, pl. 167
Campvacar Rudbeckia laciniata, pl.
186; Solidago rugosa, pl. 182; Ver-
nonia crinita, 166
Ce
age
Sanit 17
identalis,
is, 17, plate 169
66
Ceratostigma
plumbaginoides, 45, plate 183
Cereus Hooker, 63
China Tree, 61
Chinese Lantern Plant, 57
Clethra
alnifolia, 4
a. 41, plate
CLETHRACEAE: Clethra Sa pl.
181
Cone-flower, Tall, 51
19
aaa, 19, plate 170
Corylus
rostrata, 25, plate 173
Crataegus
cordata 33
Phaenopyrum, 33, plate 177
age
enuifolia, 3, plate 162
Saeaa americanum, 51
Dracocephalum
speciosum, 27, plaie 174
virginianum,
Epiphyllum. Hooker’s, 63
Peles acts floribunda, pl. 163
Fetter-bush, — 5
Fever-bush, 1
Figwort aie 53
Fumaria funeosa, 21
FuMARIA : Adlumia fungosa, pl.
171
Fumewort family, 21
Fumitory, Climbing, 21
GiEason, Henry ALLAN: Dracocepha-
lum speciosum, 27; Vernonia crinita,
il
Globe-flower, 17
Golden Glow, 51
Golden-rod, Wrinkle-leaved, 43
Gooseberry, Southern, 47
ADDISONIA
berry family, 47
a
curvata, 47, plate 184
GROSSULARIACEAE: Grossularia cur-
vata, pl. 18
Ground-cherry, 57
Halesia, 59
HAMAMELIDACEAE: Corylopsis spicaia,
70
ee AOE i, 35
Horsemint, 3
Hydrangea
angulata,
cuctiaie. 29, — 175
Hydrangea family,
HyDRANGEACEAE: aa querci-
folia, pl. 175
Ironweed, Great, 11
J — =
Sea ae 31, plate 176
Kikio, 13
Koelreuteria, *
chinensis, 6
aniculata, _ plate 191
LAMIACEAE: Dracocephalum speciosum,
0
ese,
LAURACEAE: ro Gael pl. 168
Laurel family,
Laurus senate 15
South African, 45
Leadwort family, 45
Madder family, 17
MaLaceEaE: Crataegus Phaenopyrum,
bl. 177
ADDISONIA
Marsh Marigold, 15
May-apple family, 31
Mespil
Mint family, 27, 39
marda
onar
didyma, 39
‘fitaboca media, 39
— 39, plate 180
tain-fringe, 21
ear family, 3
Nasu, GEORGE VALENTINE: Amygdalus
Davidi
« Bdith Covel” 49; Solidago a
43; Stephanandra Tanakae Vi-
burnum hiasii: +. esteae
Sieboldu, 35
Nine-bark, 37
Obedient Plant, eT 27, 28
Old-man’s Beard, 2
Opulaster, 37
Peach, David’s, 9
Peach family, 9
PENNELL, FRANCIS WHITTIER: Pen-
stemon secundiflorus, 53
enst
hirsuius, 54
secundiflorus, 53, plate 187
Pepper-bush, Asiatic Sweet, 41
Persica Davidiana, 9
Phyllocactus, 63
bi
Hookert, 63
y
Alkekengi, 5
wes c plate 189
peruviana,
suihiuctna: =
Physostegia
formostor, 27
virginiana, 27
Sage 5, plate 163
Pin-ball, 1
Seo Hy Pinus ra pl. 188
Pine, Japanese Black, 5
Pine family, 55
Pinus, 56
Massoniana, 55
Thunbergii, 55, plate 188
Thunbergii Oculis-draconis, 56
Thunbergit variegata, 56
Plane-tree, 17
Platanocephalus,
Platanus Sari 17
Platycodon, 13
diflorum, 13, plate 167
Larpentae, 45
PopopuyLLACEAE: Jeffersonia diphylla,
. 176
Podophylium
diphyllum, 31
Prunus Davidiana, 9
Pterostyrax, 59
corymbosa, 59
hispida, 59, plate 190
Ribes curvaium, 47
River-bush, 17
“ Dr. Van Fleet,” 7, plate 164
«“ Edith Cavell,” 49, plate 185
pl. 164; Rosa “ ;
185, Stephanandra Tanakae, pl. 179
68
Rose
“Souvenir du President Carnot,” 7
Rose family, 7, 37, 49
Rose, JosepH NELSON: Epiphyllum
Hookeri, 63
RusiacgsaE: Cephalanthus occidentalis,
.
aioe 51, plate 186
Sanguinaria, 3
SAPINDACEAE: ‘eee paniculata,
. 191
Spiidus chinensis, 61
CROPHULARIACEAE: Penstemon secun-
87
curvata, 47; Hsdrone quercifolia,
29; Pieris floribunda, 5
Soapberry family,
SoLANACEAE: Physalis Franchetii, pl.
189
Solidago, 43
rugosa, 43, plate 182
Spice-bush, 15
Spice-wood, 15
Spiraea, 37
Step! Large-leaved, 37
ADDISONIA
dra, 37
inctsa, 37
anakae, 37, plate 179
Storax, Hispid Winged, 59
STYRACACEAE: Plerostyrax hispida, pl.
190
Swamp-wood, 1
Sweet hee ten. Asiatic, 41
Thistle family, 11, 43, 51
Thorn, a 33
Twin-leaf, 3
Valoradia-plumbaginotdes, 45
Varnish Tree, 61
Vernonia
arkansana, 11
crinita, 11, plate 166
dilatatum, 1, pl. 161
Sieboldii, 35, pi. 178
Corylus
White Alder family, 41
Winged Storax, Hispid, 59
Winter-cherry, 57
Witch-hazel fegiily: 19
Zygocactus truncatus, 64
ADDISONIA
69
TAXONOMIC INDEX TO VOLUMES 1 TO 5
The numerals refer to the plate-numbers
Pinaceae:
— Poe 188
Alismac
Satake latifolia, 54
Cyperaceae:
Cratynyis Fraseri, 36
ceae
‘Anttiietae grandifolium, 27
Orontium aquaticum, 146
Bromeliaceae:
Tillandsia as 39
Commelinacea
Com mitian: communis, 20
Pontederiaceae: :
a azureus, 74
Liliaceae
Chisnodéin wars gigantea, 33
Lilium Henryi, 1
e:
Agave subsimplex, 34
Bomarea edulis, 65
Crinum americanum, 11
Iridaceae:
Sisyrinchium Bermudiana, 22
Orchidaceae:
ee rg alae 156
Catase
cue viridi Misvenk orum, 53
Dendrobium atroviolaceum, 7
Epidendrum oblongatum, a
Oncidium urophyllum, 30
Paphiopedilum Rothschildianum,
141
Sobralia sessilis, 100
Piperaceae:
Rites obtusifolia, 50
Betulaceae
Corylus rostrata, 173
Allioniaceae
Okenia hvooeaea: 126
Ranunculaceae:
Cimicifuga simplex, 58
Viorna ee 117
Podophyllacea
Jefesonia ac 176
Magnoli
Magnolia "oben 108
Lauraceae
Benzoin gees 168
Papaveracea
St ropkorm diphyllum, 96
pont fungosa, 171
Brassicaceae:
Diplotaxis tenuifolia, 162
Crassulaceae:
Bryophyllum crenatum, 152
ula portul: 09
Pachyphytum bracteosum, 67
achyphytum longifoliam, 4
eacea
Hydrangea quercifolia, 175
70
Hamamelidaceae:
aria anvata, 184
issasaan:
Rosa ‘“‘ Dr. Van Fleet,” 164
Rosa “‘Edith Cavell,” 185
Rosa ‘Silver Moon,” 71
Spiraea Thunbergii, 112
nossa Tanakae, 179
Malacea
Aronia arbutifolia, 97
Crataegus succulenta, 123
Malus Halliana, 134
Raphiolepis ovata, 70
Amygdalaceae:
sors fe Davidiana, 165
Mimosacea
eel Tweediei,
See oe 26
pinia
Ila, 2
Chamaecrista Deeringiana, 121
Seen
amurensis Buergeri, 87
aa Kelsyei, 3
Euphorbiaceae:
ena marginata, 86
Pedilan
Poinsettia heterophylla, 159
Frichenberipen benedictum, 42
Rhus hirta dissecta, 37
Aquifoliaceae:
Tlex serrata argutidens, 106
Tlex verticillata, 1
Ce ceae:
Celastrus articulatus, 125
Euonymus alatus, 84
“uonymus patens, 158
ADDISONIA
Sapindaceae:
oelreuteria paniculata, 191
Malvaceae:
Hibiscus Moscheutos, 99
Hibiscus Scaeneeny, 88
Fouquieriaceae
Fouauiera formosa, 8
Loasace
SHOES floridana, 127
Begoniaceae:
Begonia Cowellii, 5
Begonia Williamsii, 29
Cactaceae:
Echinopsis leucantha, 147
Epiphyllum Hookeri, 192
Gymnocalycium Mostii, 83 B
Gymnocalycium multiflorum, 83 A
Harrisia gracilis, 61
Harrisia Martini, 68
Nopalea Auberi, 10
Opuntia lasiacantha, 90
Opuntia macrothiza, 19
ee ee 47
Elaeagnacea
ss multiflora, 155
ceae:
Centradenia Sa 73
Onagraceae:
Jussiaea peruviana, 118
Cornaceae:
Benthamia japonica, 43
Cornus ‘
Cornus officinalis, 89
Clethraceae:
Clethra alnifolia, 12
Clethra barbinervis, 181
Ericaceae;
Leucothoé Catesbaei, 151
Oxydendrum
Vacciniaceae:
Pentapterygium serpens, 76
umbaginaceae:
Ceratostigma plumbaginoides, 183
ADDISONIA
Ebenaceae:
oe virginiana, 85
Styracacea
Puaieittes hispida, 190
Oleaceae:
Forsythia Fortunei, 129
Loganiaceae:
oe pitas 45
Gentianacea
Dasystephana Porphyrio, 35
Apocynace
Rhabdadenia pase 137
Urechites = rum,
Convolvulaceae
Exogonium Aciindaaevata. 17
oea tenuissima, 128
eliotr cécinkesn Leavenworthii, 135
ee polyphyllum, 133
Verbenace
a japonica, 103
Cieidienticce trichotomum, 15
Lantana depressa, 115
Vitex Agnus-castus, 18
e:
Dracocephalum speciosum, 174
Acanthaceae:
Aphelandra nitens, 172
Dianthera crassifolia, 120
Rubiaceae:
i occidentalis, 169
Caprifoliacea
Abelia tla
eee ee oe laevigatus,
Symrkorcarpe Symphoricarpos,
11
OE dilatatum, 161
Viburn paper 148
Viburnum prunifolium, 110
Viteicuas Sieboldii, 178
Adoxaceae:
Adoxa Moschatellina, 21
raga:
oe lobata, 64
Pitre
Phtyeodon grandiflorum, 167
Carduac
fae grandis, 143
Aster mee age 60
0
tana,
Coreopsis oaten a 113
urpurea, 11
Eupatorium coelestinum, 140
Eupatorium maculatum, 132
Helianthus orgyalis, 93
Othonna crassifolia, 107
Rudbeckia laciniata, 186
Solidago altissima, 75
Xanthisma texanum, 56
3
72
ADDISONIA
ALPHABETIC INDEX TO VOLUMES 1 TO 5
The numerals refer to the plate-numbers
Abelia grandiflora, 49
Agave subsimplex, 34
Alonsoa meridionalis, 150
Amygdalus Davidiana, 165
er tataricus, 6
Baccharis is halimifolia, 55
s, 6
Bryophyllum cent 152
Buddleia Davidi, 4
Bulbophyllum i abiaicce: 156
Callicarpa japonica, 103
Cassia polyphylla, 2
Catasetum Scurra, 32
Catasetum viridiflorum, 53
Celastrus tus, 125
bunda,
halanthus occidentalis, 169
Serstoucicas plumbaginoides, 183
Chamaecrista Deeringiana, 121
Chionodoxa Luciliae gigantea, 33
Cimicifuga simplex, 58
Clerodendron pivinediiaen: 15
Clethra alnifolia, 12
arbinervis
Commelina Sceisianie:
Coreopsis Leavenvorti, 1i3
Cornus Mas, 1
Cornus wei 89
Corylopsis spicata, 170
Corylus rostrata, 173
Cotoneaster Sloseast, 91
Crassula portulacea, 109
Crassula quadrifida, 79
Cremnophila nutans, 25
Crinum americanum, 11
Cymophyllus Fraseri, 36
Dasystephana Porphyrio, 3
Dendrobium Sa ee 72
Dianthera crassifolia, 120
Diospyros virginiana, 85
Diplotaxis tenuifolia, 162
Dircaea magnifica, 44
Dracocephalum speciosum, 174
Dudleya Brandegei, 48
Echeveria australis, 40
Echinacea
Echinopsis leucantha, 147
Elaeagnus multiflora, 155
Epidendrum oblongatum, 62
Epidendrum paleaceum, 28
Epiphyllum Hookeri, 192
ADDISONIA
Euonymus alata, 84
Eupatorium maculatum, 132
Exogonium microdactylum, 17
Fagelia diversifolia, 157
Freylinia OTS 77
Gongora truncata alba, 46
Grossularia curvata, 184
Gymnocalycium Mostii, 83 B
Gymnocalycium multiflorum, 83 A
Hamamelis j a 98
Ha eli , 142
Se o
iotropium ee 135
acon hr 133
Hibiscus Mosche
Hibiscus oculiroseus,
Hydrangea Pte 175
Tlex serrata argutidens, 106
Tlex verticillata, 116
Ipomoea tenuissima, 128
Jeffersonia diphylla, 176
Jussiaea peruviana, 118
Koelreuteria paniculata, 191
Lantana depressa, 115
Lepadena marginata, 86
Leucothoé Catesbaei, 151
Lilium Hi , 153
Limodorum Simpsonii, 124
Maackia amurensis Buergeri, 87
Mina lobata, 14
Monarda media, 180
Nolina texana, Al
Nopalea 1
Notylia sagittifera, 16
enia hypogaea, 126
Oncidium pubes, 69
Oxydendrum arboreum, 139
Pachyphytum bracteosum, 67
Pachyphytum longifolium, 4
An pemonaiere pec eteyp ssa 141
Pin bergii, 1
eager eee 26
Platycodon grandiflorum, 167
Poinsettia Secteeta 159
Pterostyrax hispida, 190
Raphiolepis ovata, 70
Rhabdadenia corallicola, 137
Rhododendron carolinianum, 1
us hirta dissecta, 37
Robinis Kelseyi, 3
Rosa “‘ Dr. Van Fleet,” 164
Rosa “Edith Cavell,’ 185
Rosa “Silver Moon,” 71
Rudbeckia laciniata, 186
Sagittaria latifolia, 54
Salvia , 119
Sedum Tioureeth, 57
74
Sedum diversifolium, ses A
Stephanandra Tanakae, Ae
Stylophorum diphyllum, 9
Symphoricarpos albus ia: 2
Symphoricarpos Symphoricarpos, 11
ADDISONIA
Tillandsia sublaxa, 39
‘Trichosterigma benedictum, 42
Urechites pinetorum, 131
Vernonia crinita, 166
Viburnum dilatatum, 161
Viburnum Lantana, 148
Viburnum prunifolium, 110
Viburnum Sieboldii, 178
Viorna Baldwinii, 117
Vitex Agnus-castus, 18
Werckleocereus glaber, 47
Xanthisma texana, 56
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