The genera of North American plants, and a catalogue of the species, to the year 1817.By Thomas Nuttall.

GENERA
at 28 bmn Pore ——
3 : : UCI. Ye
-. NORTH AMERICAN PLANTS/79

A CATALOGUE

SPECIES,

TO THE YEAR 1817.

;
BY THOMASNUTTALL, F.L.S.

FELLOW OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY,
AND OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES ©
OF PHILADELPHIA, &c.

- VOLUMET.

iets ccna

_ PHILADELPHIA:

PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR BY D. HEARTT.
1818.

a

BE IT REMEMBERED, That on the third day 0
April, in the forty-second year of the Independence of —
4 1% 4@*% the United States of America, A. D, 1818, Thomas Nut-
tall of the said district, has deposited in this office the title of a
the right whereof he claims as author, in the words folluw-
Wik - > p
The Genera of North American Plants, and a Catalogue of
the Species to the year 1817. By Thomas Nuttall, F. L.
fellow of the American Philosophical Society, and of the :
cademy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, &c.”

to tlie 1 act, entitled “an act firerdinciog + to an act, "thes
act for the encouragement of learning, by s rp
if maps, charts, and books, to the authors aii Sanesictone of
' times therein mentioned,” and extending
thereof to the arts of designing, engraving, and etch-

and other prints.”
roe Dd. CALDWELL, —
Clerk dence District of.

Nant

ge na eo a
7 OR:

TO HIS EXCELLENCY

JOSEPH CORREA DE SERRA,

FELLOW OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY, OF THE NATIONAL Ine
STETUTE OF FRANGE, &c., &C. AND MINISTER OF
H. M. F. M. oF PoRTUGAL, BRAZIL AND AL-
GARVES, TO THE UNITED STATES,

SIR, ef
"The active interest which you have ever
taken in the promotion of Natural Science, bo
in Europe and America, and your desire toe
vate it to the rank of Philosophy, demand
the gratitude of all its votaries, and inspires tl
feéble acknowledgments of your humble “
vant, the

AUTHOR.

oe

‘merity eyery attempt at subversion. The limits of ge-

PREFACE.

A pxsrre to advance the science of Botany by any
additional remarks and facts which might be in my pos;
session, connected with an endeavour to instruct the —
ignorant, in this engaging science, are the motives
which have induced the author to the prosecution of a
laborious but gratifying task.

How much he has drawn from every popular source
of information and thus advanced the merit of this little -
publication by the labours of others almost every page —
can testify. se es

The tacit evidence of Botanists to the accuracy of
the prevailing definitions of genera and species, afford,
‘as it were, an almost inviolable sanction to the Ta.
bours of their authors, and appear to stamp with te- :

nera, however, since the times of Linnzus, reverting in-
a measure to their former simplicity, have now been
greatly reduced, and more particularly so, since Botany,
assuming a philosophical character, lays chaim to a
classification by natural affinities. In this interesting

and now prevailing view of the subject, a reduction of

jections urged against these improvements isthe confu-

heterogenous materials to their natural types, bas led
the way to the construction of genera better paces.
with the plan of nature. 5

‘One of the strongest, and perhaps most ‘omponile ob

sion which they are innocently the means of introducing,

‘PREFACE. s

“into Dotahical nomenclature, and indeed it must be ac-
knowledged that the concussion of revolution whe-
ther in science or politics, even to fulfil the most ims

portant object, but little accords with our natural de=
sire of harmony. And yet the same love of revolu-_

- tion might-also have been urged with equal force

_ against the great Linnzus, who in the zenith of his fame, —
but seldom spared the labours of his predecessors or
soatorsporaries when they stood in the way of hie dar-

it we are at length shctinedt to believe, that the |
Tast and most perfect of systems, perfect because the ~
uncontaminated gifi of Nature, is about to be confer-
red upon and confirmed by the Botanical world. The
-plam of natural affinitics, sublime and extensive,
s the arrogance of solitary individuals, and requires
rtof every Botanist and the exploration of
oul try towards its completion. Can we deny
seption of a prevailing affinity throughout, the
e kingdom, and carp at the anomalous charac-
of a . few individuals? But even here the science
| ‘totriumph, when we perceive that the anomalies
diminish by the accession of objects.

eR a ee
Whoever might have been my impression in tavbas
the system of arrangement by affinities, the conve-
ence and prevalence of the artificial system of Lin-
nzus, still almost exclusively taught throughout the
: United ee rendered some defoemnce , to Public

ea!

PREFACE, pa

A considerable portion of new matter is also intro-.
duced, which ought perhaps rather to have been ad-
dressed to the world through the medium of the uni-
versal language of natural science, yet in conformity to
the principal intention of the work, and in compliance
with the public to whom it is addressed, an uniform
language appeared necessary. ;

It will readily be perceived that a Synopsis of the Ge-
nera is what is chiefly intended by the present pubes:
tion. And to assist the student more fully in the know- ee
iedge of genera, the essential character has sometimes. ‘
been extended, after the manner of the celebrated
Sprengel’s recent Introduction to the Study of Botany.

I have also considered it of importance to give asketch ©
_of the habit or mode of vegetation assumed by the

“generic group in imitation of Jussieu’s Genera Planta- s
rum, from which important assistance on this sub
has been perpetually derived throughout the work.

A view of the Geographical distribution of each ge-
nus is also added, not always perhaps sufficiently accu-
rate for the existing state of the science, and the “aie :
progress of modern discovery,

A brief Catalogue of the species is offered, whic

may.be considered as supplementary to the recent and
<extetidive Flora of North America by Frederick Pursh. ©
Occasional remarksare added, and hew species also pro- |
posed and introduced, the result of personal collections
and observations made from the year 1809 to the pre-
sent time, throughout most of the states and territories _
egperining the Union. oe

~ To the names of species or genera proposed. ry: th
aikos: will be found an asterisk (*) prefixed. To

Vill PREFACE.

very few obScure species is added the following
mark, (+) v.v. Occasionally added, signifies that
such plant had been seen alive by the author.- And
v. 8. Ina dried state.

Anxious to restrain the limits of this publication

within the bounds of a portable manual for the student, |

and to confine myself as much as possible within the
sphere of actual observation, the lower orders of Cryp-
togamia, now becoming a partial and particular study,
have been omitted, and the rather as they have been
Minutely attended to by Z. Collins, Esq. and the late
Dr. Mublenberg in his Flora Lancastriensis, which will
shortly be published.

Philadelphia,
May 27th, 1818.

VE Si eae

tips

pacts

ss .—MONANDRIA.

*

sa

33 Order 1.—MonoGYntA.
sy CANNA. Linneeus. (Indian- sae, Flowering —

7 Calix doable: exterior short, trifid, vem
_ ent; inferior (corolla, Lin.) 6- parted; 5 of the —
- divisions erect, the 6th reflected. Staminiferous :
_ filament (nectary L.) petaloid, 2-lobed, the su-—
perior lobe bearing the anther. Stgle also re-
ke sembling a petal, ensiform, growing to the tube
. = the inner petaloid calyx. Capsule muricatey 5
elled, many-seeded; seeds globular. |
Hanrrus.- Flowers ‘produced in loose terminal lealy

panicles.
__ Species 1N Nort Amertca. 1. C. angustifolia? —
“(doubtful 2 teres: In Carolina and Georgia
OBSERVATION. A genus of the order Scitaminee of |
Lis N£us, the Canne of Jusstem, with splendid flowers, ex-
isting chiefly within the tropics. Most of the species known
- have been found in the two continents of America. The —
divisions of the inner or petaloid calix vary in form and ~
magnitude; in the Canna flaccida of Carolina and Geor-
gia the 6 segments are all reflected,—the 3 exterior —
‘ Janceolate,—the 2 inner obovate, and undulated, the 6th _
» or innermost lamina largest, expanding circularly, undus
~~ lated, and nearly round.

-2. THALIA. Lin. ss
ae Cali double; exterior small 3-leaved; inte- a
= € rior deeply 5-parted (5-petalled, Pe 3002) the” 2.
interior divisions usue ly smaller. Anther

ple, ovate, attached to its properfilament. Aisle
_—_ deflecttd from fhe anther. = )

— = _B

2 =. - MONANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. —

gent and perforate. Capsule 1-celled, 1 or 2

~ seeded. 2
oo Hanitus. Flowers produ ed in a scattered flexuose

Pauicle, which is either terminal or radical, singly, or by
pairs in spathaceous 2-valved bractes. ~ ;
Species. 1. T? dealbata, in South Corolina and Georgia
(scarce. )
OBseaxvaTion. With all that has been done in arrang-
‘ing the Scitaminee by the celebrated Mr. Roscoe, there
still appears to prevail some confusion in this order,
which perhaps their various individual structure has
been a prineipal means of retaining. The present plant
exbibits several anomalies, considered as a genuine species
of Thalia. Jussieu and Persoon, describe the Thalia of Lin-—
neus as having a deeply divided petaloid calix, or 5-pe-
talied corolla. The T. dealbata, and theT’.. canneformis, 2
of the 3 known species, have a 6-parted petaloid calix.
Jussieu also describes this genus as-producing a drupe
with a 2-seeded nut, or rarely (by abortion?) 1-seeded.
Persoon likewise speaks of this genus as having a drupe
with a 1-celled nut. Mr. Roscoe describes the Thalia with
a 2-celled capsule; according to Mr. Elliott? the present
species produces a globose i-ceiled capsule? or flexible
- Shelled hut, if such a phrase can be admitted.

S$, SALICORNIA, LE. (Glass-wort)
ss Cali: 3 or 4-sided, somewhat ventricose, en-

ong

stigmata 2; seed 1, covered by the inflated ca-
lix. : ; * a

- _Hastrvus. Stem herbaceous or suffruticose, generally
_ destitute of leaves; branching, branches opposite, round,

tree of India.) ?
Spectes. 1. S. herbacea. 2. virginiea? 3.

Near.

ae __ served in vinegar as an aliment. WS <0 so
_ Oss. Mr. Elliott observed 2 stamens in the S. herba-_
__ OF dassien made in Europe. Desfontaines in his Plone At-

tte

tire. Corolla 0. Stamina 1 or 2. Style bifid; —

"a _and articulations bidentate above; terminal branches flow- —
-er-bearing; floscali minute and sessile, growing in threes.
(The habit of this genus is similar to that of the Gnetum,a

the sea-coast —Sometimes burnt for soda, < Fait pres 5;

é

% ", ile iii ier atl eae

sj

MONANDRIA. DIGYNIA. = 3

lantica, p. 2. observes also that there are 1 or 2 stamens
_ in this genus. ;

4. HIPPURIS. ZL. (Mare’s-tail.) =
Calix obsolete, entire, above the seed. Corol-

_ la 0, Style received in a groove of the anther!
(stamen seated upon the style?) Stigma simple.
Seed 1.

‘Hasitvs. Stem cylindric, simple; leaves verticillate,
entire; flowers around the axill.
Specres. 1. H. vulgaris? but the leaves are mostly by
sixes in the European plant, not by eights (in fresh water
ponds and ditches; rare). The H. maritima of Sweden and
_ Finland grows on the sea-coast.
‘Oxs. The Hippuris appears to be the simplest phzno-
_ §amous plant in nature; and stands without any distinct —
"affinities to other genera. :

Order 2.—DiGyn1A.

5. CALLITRICHE. L. (Water-star.)- :
_ Calix inferior. 2-leaved. Corolla 0. Seeds 4, _
naked, compressed. 3 Seeds

ie opposite, flowers axillary, (in C. verna monoi-
8.
_ Species. 1. C. verna.2. autumnalis? The C. vernais re- ~
-markably polymorphous, the leaves vary from the places
where they grow; sometimes it produces 2 stamens, and
fee Be in some instances the flowers are hermaphrodite. The _
leaves of the calix are described by Desfontaines as be-
~ ing concave, and lunate, with the filament as long as the
- calyx; in the American plant, ( C. heterophilla of Pursh,) -
- the stem is compressed, and _bifistulous, fur floating; the \
_ lower branches with narrower and often emarginated
_ leaves, producing only male or female flowers, the central
~ branches with retuse, spathulate oval, 3-nerved leaves,

uring those which are hermaphrodite, with the stamens

much exserted. | goer?
CORISPERMUM. L. (Tick-seed.)
Calix 2-parted. Corolla 0. Sced 1, plano-con- _

=

VOX, oval, and naked, with an acute circular
margin, ne eee

4 -- -MONANDRIA. DIGYNIA. _

ives axillary, solitary, sessile, commencing near tlie
summit of the branches, upper flowers monandrous, lower
‘ms ones, sometimes with 2, 5, 4 or 5 stamens!

* Species. 1.6. h lyssopifolium. *® Americanum, spikes ap-
proximating, axillary and terminal, squarrose; leaves linear,
narrow, and nervose, with a subulate mucronulate point.

:, On the sandy alluvions of the Missouri, apparently
propagated down the river Platte, as it ceases to be found
above the confluence of that river. ©) July v.v. *

Ozs. The spon‘aneous plant, generally smooth, under %

culture somewhat tomentose, the pubescence, through a 3
lens, stipitate, multifid; stem. striate, herbaceous, caly- 3
eine squamz rhomboid-ovate, aeuminate, gradually shorter; &s
--bypogynous scales chaffy, minute, eroded. _

BLITUM. L. (Strawberry-spinage.) |

Calix 3-parted. Corolla 0. Seed 1, covered by
“the calix, which enlarges = generally becomes

a berry.

<<. =. ~alowers: and Sette | in sasitess clusters; the capituli
aes a strawberries, and. are both terminal and axil-
er ary.
‘Spectres. 1. B. capitatum. ‘A doubtful native, 2.* Cheno-
2? Leaves almost pp ge somewhat
at either end attenuate; glomeruli all apa

seeds distinct, punctate, not berried.

Has On arid soils near the banks of the Bnd. Q.
‘Oss. Stem erect, virgate; seeds naked, imbricated, sur-
nded- bya few linear leaves longer than the seed;
‘proper calix, apparently none, style 1, deeply bifid. Seed.
coated, covered with impressed punctures, oboval, slightly
~mergmed, beneath the outer envelope dark brown, a little
rugose, emarginate below. Coereulun curved round. the

perisperm, paiallel with the margin of the seed; spas “4
~ partly farinaceous and partly cor’ neous:

a

:

y+

Cuass I—DIANDRIA.

Order I—Monoaynta.

A. Corolla inferior. ae
+ Fruit a drupe or nut.

8. OLEA. L. (Olive.)

Calix small, 4-toothed; tube of the corolla
short, border 4-cleft, lamina more or tess ovate.
Lobes of the stigma emarginate. Drupe 2-
seeded; one of the seeds usually abortive.t

Leaves evergreen, very rarely alternate; flowers race-
Mose or paniculate, axillary or terminal, in 0. ge Se? the
flowers simply aggregate. Rs a ae ae

Species. 1. O. Americana. lowers dioicous. Grows :
near the sea-coast. Fruit acerb! ee es

9, CHIONANTHUS. L. APsinge-taee) :

Calix 4-parted. Corolla deeply 4-parted, la-
mina long and linear. .4nthers nearly sessile
on the tube. Drupe i-seeded, Nut striated.

Small trees with simple leaves, flowers resembling —
those of the Ornus, panicled, or more rarely corymbose;
panicles sometimes bracteate, axillary and terminal, tri-
fid, or trichotomous, sometimes triandrous. Fruit and
flowers pendulous.

Spectres. 1. C. Virginica: Most abundant near the sea-
coast, where it arrives at aconsiderable magnitude. Neas
Port Elizabeth, New-Jersey, my friend, Z.Collins, esq. saw
a tree of the Chionanthus near 30 feet high. Persoon ve= —
> mais thet the corolla of this species varies from 4, 3, to
a 6 cleft, and with 4 stamens! —

ig saeiseeBic, made cells often obliterated. Gans :

6 DIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

10. ORNUS. Persoon. (Flowering-ash.)
Calix 4-parted. Corolla 4-parted; petals long
and ligulate. Filaments long. Nut winged.
A tree with opposite, and unequally pinnated leaves,

(like the 4sh to which it is nearly ted.) Flowers in
terminal panicles.

Species. 1. O..Americana, (scarce) not very distinct from
the Ornus Europea, (or Fraxinus ornus of Lin.)

{} Fruit a capsule. Corolla monopetalous, irregular.
11. VERONICA. L. (Speedwell.)

Fa

ee 'ges “i : =

Herbaceous,

discoverer, and described by Jussieu with an ovate eae
of

i

iy Sreciss. 1. V. officinalis. 2. * reniformis. 3. serpillifolia.
_ 4 Beccabunga. $. Annagallis. 6. scutellata.—( rien
1-flowered—) 7. agrestis. 8. arvensis. 9. peregrina. As yet
there has not been a single genuine species of this genus
discovered in N. America that is not also common to Eu-
Tope and Northern Asia, if we except the V. reniformis of
Pursh, which if distinct, may probably also exist in Sibe-

= Tia. Of the 9 specigs here enumerated, Nos. 1,3, 7,8, and

.

DIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. _ re

9, are merely naturalized, the rest natives, common to
Europe and America.

12. * LEPTANDRA. (Veronica Firginiea, L.)
Calix 5-parted, segments accuminate. Corolla
_tubular-campanulate, border 4-lobed, a little
ringent, unequal, the lower lamina narrower,
Stamina and at length the pistillum much ex-
serted; filaments below, and tube of the corolla
pubescent. Capsule ovate, acuminate, 2-celled,
~many-seeded, opening at the summit? —

Natural Order. —ANTIRRHINEE. |

_ Root perennial; stem angular, (sopretines: pentangular)
tall. L Leaves yerticillate in 4s, 5s, and 63, never simply op-
_ “posite or ternate. Flowers in very long and dense spikes;
spikes aggregate, nearly terminal. Calix 5-parted. Flowers
__ -tubul paperical campanulate, pubescent within; border
the upper lobe somewhat laterally deflected to-
filaments of the stamina, the three lower lobes"
ntral divisi ower. Staminaexserted,
per lobe of the « the lower part of
Ramen pubescent, at length divaricate; anthers core
in laments -celled. Style at first shorter than the sta-
mens, persistent on the fruit, and then exserted longer
than the stamens; stigma somewhat capitate, flat, eeete os
entire. - Capsule ovate, acuminate, a little com
_ the summit, with 2 marginal nerves contrary to the dies:
__ piment, valves with inflected margins contiguous to the
seminal placenta, which occupies the place of a dissepi-
ment, valves 2, only opening. about bas Say down; seeds
numerous, ovate?

From this examination it will be evuient that the pre-
sent plant does not appertain to the same order as
Veronica, but arranges directly with the ANTIRRHINER
and. immediately before the genus Pederota, from which

it ds readily distinguished both by habit and charac-

ter, not having a disti labiated corolla, In Pederota
also, the corolla is some rotate, the upper lobe gen-
erally em e, the filaments shorter than the corolla,
and the anthers converging as in many didynamous flow-
ers. =

Spectres, 1. L. virginica, (common also to Japan, or more Bs oi
aepiehly a distinct species of the same genus. A A variety

cs

«

DIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

— of this plant mentioned by Mr. Pursh, Vol. 1 p. 10. with
purple flowers, may perhaps prove distinct. ‘There is ano-
ther species called Veronica Sibirica, inhabiting Daurias
in which the stamina and pistillum are double the length

of the corolla. ~ .

1s. MICRANTHEMUM. Michaux. Guost-

FERA. Gmelin,

Calia 4-parted. Corolla 4-parted, almost bi-
Jabiate; the upper lamina smaller than the rest.
Filaments incurved, shorter than the corolla,
(appendiculate at the base?) Capsule nearly

+ % globular, 1-celled, 2-valved, many-seeded. Seeds

striate.

’ Small, subaquatic, herbaceous plants, with filiform
' creeping stems; very small, solitary, axillary flower’, al-
ternately disposed; with opposite, entire and somewhat
orbicular leaves, longitudinally nerved. (A North Ameri-
can genus.) :

Species. 1. DL. orbiculatum. 2. *emarginatum. Leaves

ag
7

larger, oval or obovate, somewhat emarginate, flowers ses-

sile. ELniorr.

- Oss. This genus has considerable affinity to Centun-
~u i a,

14, GRATIOLA. L. (Hedge-hyssop.)

Calix 5-parted, often bi-bracteate at the base.
Corolla tubulose, resupinate, and sub-bilabiate;
the upper lip, 2-lobed or emarginate; the lower
3-cleft and equal. Filaments 4,—2 fertile, the
other 2, for the most part, sterile. Stigma 2-

_ Tobed, or bi-labiate. Capsule ovate, 2-celled, 2-

valved, many-seeded. Dissepiment contrary to

- ‘the valves.

: Hebaceous, leav ite; i i

steamer eke en solar gal
mera, now a distinct genus, Mai

equal, and the Tiss pines rarest Wang roo. Be

some of the species, (as the G. spharocarpa and the G. _
_ aurea of Mr. Ellioti, the 2 barren filaments are want-
a ing: and in the G. megalecarpa of Ee as well as the Geog

the capsule does not divide hemispherically,

PGT ie iii reget gM ede bo Bates SUD

DIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. ’ 9

spherocarpa, the capsule is nearly globular; moreover, the
G. acuminatahas 4 fertile stamens! =
Species. §1. with 2 bractes at the base of the calix—1.
G. virginica. 2. aurea. 3. pilosa. 4. spherocarpa.—§ 2. without
bractes.—5. guadridentata. 6. acuminata. 7. tetrazona. 8.
megalocarpa- ‘ RS ae ee Ee
* Ops. Of 22 species of this genus now described, 8 are
natives of the United States.—1 of Europe, nearly allied to
the G. aurea and G. virginica —I in Peru.—2 in the West
Indies, and 10 in India. A majority of the North Ameri-«
can species are confined to the warmer states; sv that the
genus Gratiola, almost equally divided betwixt India and
North America, originates apparently within the tropics,
and in the latter continent extends chiefly to the 40th
degree of north latitude. 2 ee

15. LINDERNIA. L.

- Calix 5-parted, nearly equal. Corolla tuba: = =
lose, bi-labiate; wpper lip short, emarginate;
lower trifid, unequal. Filaments 4, the 2 longer

_ forked, and sterile. Stigma bilamellate. Cap- .
sule 2-celled, 2-valved; seminiferous dissepiment ~—_
parallel with the valves. | re a RE

Herbaceous plants with opposite leaves, and generally
solitary, axillary flowers, gieatly resembling the preceding
genus, to which it is very closely allied; though well dis-
tinguished by having 2 of the flaments bifid and for the
most part sterile;except perhaps in the L. Pywidaria, the
Linnean type of the genus, which is described as haying
the 2 inferior filaments terminated by a tooth or pggcess
passing beyond the anther which is almost lat
serted (or, more probably situated upon anothe eI
stipe.) The Lindernia is also distinguished from the pueeed-
ing genus by its parallel dissepiment. There is m@eed
already a L. dianthera, discovered by Swartz in the West
Indies; and Mr. Elliott remarks that there are only 2 an-
thers in the ZL. dilatata and L. attenuata of Mublen- _
burgh’s Catalogue, and that in the latter species the infer-
tile filaments are villous. Besides these, there is another —
species; viz. the L. monticolq of the hills of New Hamp-
shire.

Oss. The genus Lindernia, except the L. Pyxidaria of —
Europe, appears entirely confined to North America. The —
L. Japonica of Thunberg, described as having t z
‘Hicemes; cannot certainly appertain to this gent

io 5 DIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

genus Lindernia extends from the mountains of New
Hampshire to the West India islands.

16. CATALPA. Jussieu. BicNonta Catalpa. Lin.
(Catalpa-tree.)

Cali 2-parted. Corolla campanulate, tube
ventricose, border 4 lobed, unequal. Stamina 2,
fertile, filaments 3, sterile. Stigma bilamellate.

~ Capsule siliqueeform, long, cylindric, 2-valved;

_ Dissepiment opposite to the valves. Seed mem-

_ branaceously margined and tufted at the extre-
‘Trees with simple leaves, verticillate in threes; flowers
paniculate. -

pan.) Rarely to be met with decidedly indigenous in the
United States, and appears to have been introduced by
- -* the aborigines; hence its name of “ Catawba,” derived
2 from a tribe of Indians residing on the Catawba river. In
; most of the habitats of this tree given by the younger
=. Michaux in his “* Arbres Forestiers,” which I have vi-
sited, if existing at all, it had evidently been introduc-

ed. 1 am informed, however, by Governor Harrison, of

3 indubitable existence of this tree in very considera-
___ ble quantities in the forests of the Wabash, Ilinois Terri-
tory, where its wood is even split for rails; still even here

it is extremely local, and I have never once met with it
either on the banks of the Ohio, the Missisippi, or the Mis-
souri, rivers which I have, ascended or descended thou-
sands of miles. In the warmer states it does not appear

to grow with any degree of vigour.

There is another species of this génus.in the West In-

_ dia islands, viz. the Bignonia longissima, a tree producing
- very hard wood, which is not liable to be destroyed by

common also to the C. cordifolia.
adie Michaux. TuBirLoRa. Gme-
___ Calix coriaceous, 4-parted; the anterior divi-
sion cleft. Corolla 5-cleft; lamina nearly equal.
Two of the filaments without anthers. Stigmata
_ ligulate. Capsule oblong, 2-celled, 2-valveds

Species. 1. C. cordifolia, (said also to be anative of Ja-

worms or insects. Perhaps the same properties may be —

ey ess

, a
pee.
Se aie

‘
ea

saga pice Si TT at

a ae

re ee

bee, aout, Sea e
ace ala ead a

- PIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 1} >

*.

|

|
valves half-septiferous, or half of the” dissepi- |
ment adliering to each valve after the opening
of the capsule, and thence semibilocular; one of
the most remarkable characters of the Natural
Order Acanthi of Jussieu. a

Stemless perennials, producing scapes entirely: vested
with subulate coriaceous and almost imbrieate bractes;
bearing flowers towards the summit; flowers imbricate,
and bibracteolate, a little ringent. A oes nearly allied:
to Justicia.

Species. 1. E. Caroliniensis. There are 2lso 2 other :
species in India. In the £. imbifodta the bracteal scales are
3-toothed. Sm

i8. JUSTICIA. tee

Calix 5-parted or s.cleft, often with 3 bractes.
Tube of the Corolla gibbous; border bilabiate;.
_ the upper lip emarginate, the lower trifid. Fila-
- ments 2, each with a single or double anther.
Stigma 1. Capsule attenuated, below opening
with an elastic spring from the summit to the
base. Dissepiment contrary, growing from the
centre of each valve. Seeds few, lenticular.

Herbaceous or shrubby, leaves rarely verticillate, and
still more rarely alternate; a few have axillary spines; _
flowers solitary or spiked, axillary or terminal. The spe-
cies in the United States have opposite leaves, with short
spikes upon long, axillary, peduncles, and are subaquatic,
usually along the margins of the larger rivers, or in ditches
in their vicinity.

Spectres. 1. J. pedunculosa. 2. humilis. 3. brachiata of
Puxsu. All the North American species produce 2
anthers upon each filament, each anther 1-celled; hence
many species of this extensive genus were thrown into

‘called Dianthera by Linnzus and Jussieu. They -
are, however, at present united.

Oxs. Not a species of this extensive genus existsin
Europe; they are, in general, tropical plants, manyofthem

: ——- Of 100 species 3 only are as yet discovered in-
sto the United States,—35 in India and its islands
in Arabia | Felix—3 in China, of which one is also com-

to ~1 in Japan—S in Africa, 4 of them at the
Cape of Good Hope aad at paaira Leones eae =

a

- #12 DIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA, — a
land—and 44 in the tropical regions of America, princi>
pally in the West-Indies, Carthagena, Cayenne, and Pert. —

Many of these latter species are highly ornamental. —
Thus again we perceive a tropical genus almost equally di- —

_ vided between India and America.

19. UTRICULARIA. Lin. (Bladder-wort.)
~ Calix 2-parted, the lower division often emar- —
ginate, rarely cleft. Corolla scarcely tubulose, —
irregularly bilabiate, upper lip erect, entire or —
emarginate, staminiferous; lower larger, entire,
__$-lobed, or crenate; palate more or less cordate, —
rather prominent. on the inner side, calcarute at —
the base. Filaments of the stamina incurved;_
anthers connate. Stigma bilamellate. Capsule —
globular, t-celled, many-seeded (opening by a—
lateral foramen?) receptacle of the seed, ceti- _
tral, unconnected. Pe 4
An evanescent plant of ponds and stagnant waters, —
rooting, and rarely producing setaceous leayes; or loosely —
floating, producing leaves which resemble roots, alternate, —
_demersed, and much divided; beset with numerous in-
fiated vesicles; also with proper radical leaves, which are
alternate, more rarely opposite or verticillate, entire, or _
dissected; flowers produced ona scape furnished with 2 —
few squamula or scale-like bractes, racemose, or more —
rarely inclined to be one flowered; the U. minor scarcely —

produces a spurt ;

—a

fSpectes, 1. ceratophylia,the largest North American species; —
producing inflated leaves at the base of the scape, divided and —
capillary branched at their extremities, 6 paried verticillaics |
racemes producing 6—10 flowers, lower lip of the corolla with sy
retuse lobes, the upper entire, spur compressed, deeply emargi* ~
nate, half the length of the lower lip. flowers yellow, larger that _
those of U. vulgaris, which they, however, in some measures
resemble. Calix persistent. ’
It begins to appear in the lower part of Delaware, near Lewis+ —
town, and continues to Florida, being more particularly abun-—
_ dant in the warmer states. Floating. é 4
2 fbrosa of Walter and Elliott, the U7. forosa of Pursh, ap-_
pears to be some other species; so called from occasionally _
striking out fibres when growing near the margins of pond>; 4
circumstance at the same time common to several other spe-_

ww

- PTANDRIA. MONOGYNTA. ee
20, PINGUICULA. L. (Butter-wort.) | :

Calix bilabiate, upper lip. trifid, lower bifid.

Corolla irregular, calcarate at the base, limb

‘ciés; described by Mr. E. as producing a scape 6-8 inches long,
bearing 2 to 3 large yellow flowers. The upper lip large, -
rounded, and obscurely 3-lobed, the lower lip smaller, about
the length of the spur, which is said to be subulate {or as some
would perhaps say conic) and emarginate. From all which we
may, I think, here perceive a plant not very widely distinct
from the U. vulgaris of Pursh and others, considered as equally
indigenous, like many other aquatics, to the two continents of.

Europe and North America. :

3. Longirosiris, of Mr. Le Conte. Floating; scapes 1, 2 (or
3) flowered, the spur a little longer than the lower lip, (some-
what compressed) ascending and emarginate. Flowers yellow,
_ labiz obscurely 3-lobed, scape 3 to 4 inches long. This species
~ also approaches to the U. vulgaris, but is a much smaller plant,
with the flowers rather large. ' :
4. purpurea. Walter, U. saccata of Le Conte.
Scapes 1, 2, or 3 flowered; lower lip of the corolla 3-lobed,
lateral lobes cucullate on the under side; palate large and pro-
minent; nectary compressed, a little acuminated, closely appres-
sed to the resupinate corolla and entirely covered by its reflected
margins; upper lip nearly round. ;
Floating stem 2 or 3 feet long, utriculate leaves digitate, ses-
sile, segments pinnatifid and setaceous; scapes axillary, 1 or2 to-
gether. Flower about the size of U. vulgaris, violet-purple; calix
persistent. Grows in the ponds upon the Blue-ridge, in the state
of New-York, and on the Broad mountain, Pensylvania. In 1809
I collected it in a pond near to Lewistown, Sussex county,
Delaware, from whence it appears to extend as far south as Ca-
rolina and Georgia.
5. Gibba floating. —
6. Bipartita, Elliott. Taking root on the margins of ponds. Ca- -
rolla nearly entire; spur short, scarcely half as long as the corolla,
very obtuse. Lower division of the calix difd.

7. bifora. La Marck. Floating; scape about 2-flowered, corolla
entire, spur subulate, obtuse, as long as the lower lip. Le Conte. —
Oss. Vahl describes the nectary as straight, nearly eq-alling
the upper lip, and with setaceous leaves. South Carolina. a
8. Personata. Le Conte. ~ jee eg
| . Flowers small, in along setaceous raceme (14o 2 feet high,
4—10 flowered) furnished with small sealy bractes; upper lip of

o>

14 ' +QIANDRIA, MONOGYNTA.

bilabiate, superior 3-lobed, inferior 2-lobed
shorter; faux (or juncture of the labiz) contrac-
ted. Stamina 2 very short. Style short. Stigma
bilamellate covering the anthers. Capsule 1-
e

the corolla emarginate, lower obtuse with an abrupt point; spur
straight, subulate and acute, a little incurved, and about the
length of the corolla; the root fibrous. South Carolina.
9. Cornuta. Taking root in the ground; scape rigid, 1 to 2 feet
high, 2 to 3-flowered, flowers Jarge, the lower lip 3 lobed,
very wide; spur longer than the corolla, porrected, nearly verti-
cal, subulate, and acute.
Abundant on the Fable rock, at the Falls of Niagara, and
throughout Canada and the Alleghany mountains to Virginia,
in calcareous soil.
10. setacea. Michaux. 3
Scape minute, rooting, and without leaves, slenderly seta- &
ceous, distantly 2 to 3 flowered; flowers upon longish pedicels; .
spur rather long.
___ Mr. Le Conte says, scape many-flowered (4 to 7 on short pe-
duncles, Ex.) upper lip of the corolla ovate, lower strongly 3-
Jobed; spur subulate, as long as the lower lip ‘of the ‘corolla.

_ Lower division of the calix slightly emarginate. Ex. This de-
scription does not appear to with Michaux’s plant, and —

still appears to be nearer it than any other. It cannot possibly
he the U. subulata of Pursh, and the synonym of Gronovius ap-
plies probably to the U. setacea of M1ca.—Persoon adds, that
the flowers of the subulata are white; a circumstance entirely :
' amprobable. ‘* i
_ ~ The whole of this genus appears in confusion, scarcely ex-
cepting the European part of it; and none of the smaller and am-
_ biguous species which are now greatly multiplied, can be under=
stood but by a monograph accompanied with accurate deline-
ations.

_ Besides the above. 10 species, there are 6 others wi
within the tropical regions of America. A blue Gowered <peaion
in Ceylon, with 2 others in India, one in China, doubtful appa-
rently as to the genus, and $3 species in Europe. America has,
then, 16 species out of 23; of which one, in Martinique, is said
to produce large white flowers, and entire ovate leaves! The U.

_unifolid of Peru rather appears to belong to the family of the
Rasy having a os pe radical lanceolate leaf, a solitary flow-
er, large cor 1X; it S, in shert nee

“hits of 3 Cymbidium or Srethuta et

_DIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. “435

celled, many-seeded; receptacle of the seed, cen-
tral, unconnected.

Haritvs. Leaves radical, stellately disposed, thick,
soft, and as it were greasy to the touch, composed of an.
almost diaphanous, distinctly cellular parenchymatous
substance; scapes 1-flowered; flowers inverted, peny
allied to the preceding genus. |

Species. 1. P. elatior. 2. lutea. 3. pumila. 4. ait

lia.

Oxzs, The American species have the corolla 5.cleft,
with all the segments 2-lobed or emarginate; in the P.
lutea the corolla is campanulate and yellow, with each of
the lobes bidentate Of 11 species enumerated in this
genus, the United States have 4, Peru 1, and the other 6 —
are confined to the alpine and colder morassy regions of
Europe. The North American species grow es on a
level with the ocean, in moist pine barrens.

LABIATE.
ttt Four nuked seeds.

21. LYCOPUS. L. (Water-horehound.) ,
Calix tubular 5-cleft (or 5-toothed, acute or
acuminate). Corolla tubular, 4-lobed, nearly
equal; the upper segment broader and emaries
nate. Stamina distant. Seeds 4, retuse. ae

Flowers small, axillary, crowded, verticillate and ses- .
sile, generally bibracteate; leaves toothed or sinuated. In +
the Z. Virginicus the calix is 4-cleft and shorter than the
seed; and there are the rudiments of 2 abortive stamens
in the ZL. vulgaris.

Spectres, 1.2L. vulgaris? 2. Virginicus. 3. pumilus. 4. ob-
tusifolins. 5. exaliatus. 6. angusti ifolius. 7. sinuatus: Are
not several of these varieties? (Wiih the exception of the
LL. vulgaris this pe is thus far entirely contined io the
United States.)

22, CUNILA. L. (Mountain Dittany.)
Calix cylindrical, 10-striate, 5-toothed. Com :

~ rolla ringent, with the upper lip erect, flat and —
emarginate. Stamens 2-sterile. The
aoe with the — exserted earh

i6 DIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA,

the length of the corolla, Stigma unequally
bifid. Seeds 4,

Flowers sometimes axillary, mostly in terminal dicho-
tomous corymbs. Leaves opposite, punctate. Bractes in-
conspicuous. :

Specigs. 1. C. mariana. An American genus; growing’
chiefly in rocky, and, to the south, in mountainous situa>
tions. The second species of this genus, the C. capitata ot
Vahl, more probably belongs to Ziziphora. The common
generic remark, of the calix being villous at the faux, is
scarcely worth repeating; so many different genera hav-
ing the same character; for example, the Hedeoma, Ztzie
phora, Thymus, and Calamintha.

23. HEDEOMA. Persoon. (Wild Pennyroyal.)
Calix bilabiate, gibbous at the base, upper
lip 3-teothed, lower 2; dentures all subulate.
Corolla ringent. Stamina 2-sterile. The 2 fer-
_ tile stamens about the length of the corolla.
_- $mall herbaceous plants possessing the scent of the
Mentha Pulegium. Leaves opposite; flowers verticillate,
bracteate; calix internally ciliate-villous at the base of
Bey the calycine indentions, (An American genus, with the
ee exception of the H. thymoides of Montpelier. )f

*

~¢Srecres 1. H. glabra. Perennial, smooth; stem surculose;
radical leaves nearly oval, stem leaves oblong-linear, obtuse, all
entire and without veins; flowers upon longish peduncles, bi-
_ bracteate at the base, towards the upper part of the stem most-
dy verticillate in 3s.
_ Ons. Stem six inches to a foot high, acutely angular, branch-
ing from below; leaves nearly obtuse, conspicuously beset with
. diaphanous glands, entirely smooth, without veins, and closely
sessile. Flowers rather large, violet purple, somewhat campa-
nulate and ringent; infertile stamens very short; calyx subcy-
lindric oblong, internally ciliate at the faux.
Has. Principally upon the banks of the St. Lawrence and
the upper lakes; at the falls of Niagara: on the Ohio and in
Tenne ay ys ON C: | cous rocks. 2 ;

Ee Bon erat Pubescent; leaves oblong-lanceolate, ser-

verticilli many-Aowered; flowers smaller than tha »

ealix. From Canada to Carolina, ©

_, 3. * hirta. Dwarf, and branching near the base, pubescent;
corapebeae olate, acutish at both extremities, entire,

DIANDRIA. MONOGYNTIA. if

24. MONARDA. Z. (Mountain-balm.)

Calix 5-toothed, cylindric, striate. Corolla
ringent, with a long cylindric tube, upper lip
linear, nearly straight and entire, involving the —
filaments; lower lip reflected, broader, 3-lobed,
the middle lobe longer. ~

Flowers axillary-verticillate, or terminal and capitate,
with involucrate bractes; colour scarlet, crimson, violet,
or white, 2nd in two species yellowish and spotted, with
highly coloured bractes. (A North American genus.)

Species. 1. M. didyma. 2 Kulmiana. 3. rugosa. 4. cline
podia. 5. gracilis. 6. purpurea. 7. oblongata. 8. mots. 9. fistus

-- fosa. 10. punctata. Llectliata. 12. hirsuta. .

25. SALVIA. L. (Sage.) are
Calix subcampanulate, striate, and 2-lipped,
above 3-toothed, below bifid. Corolla, tube
widening at the faux, limb bilabiate, the ap-
per lip arched and emarginate, the lower 3-
lobed, the lateral segments narrower, the inter-
mediate one larger and nearly round (some-
times crenate), The 2 fertile filaments trans-
versely pedicellate.

Herbs of suffruticose shrubs; flowers with 1 to 9
bractes or axillary leaves, often spiked. Filaments of the
Stamina variously stipitate, sometimes in the middle, at
other times above or below it, terminated at only one,
or more commonly at both ends, by 1-celled anthers, one
of which is always infertile; there are also considerable
variations in the lip of the corolla.

Spectres: 1, S. azurea. 2. coccinea. 3 * trichastemaides.
(Missouri). 4 urticifolia. 5. lyrata. 6. Claytoni. 7. obo-
watd.

Ozs. A very numerous genus, and widely disseminated
over the world; flowers large and of very brilliant colours ~

piel a | a a a

; a ”
and. veined; verticilli many-flowered, flowers minuie, shorter —

than the calix; bractes ciliate, calix strigose.Q M hispida, — a

Pursir, 2. p. 414. ; Sent i a
> On the open alluvions of the Missouri. ©. June. From 4 to
6 inches high, nearly allied tothe A Pulegioides, a
4 a i - Cc 2 : :

78 DIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA,

in the warm regions of India, of Peru, Mexico, and the
West-Indies. About 47 species are natives of North and
South America.

26. COLLINSONIA, L. (Knot-root, Horse-
weed.)

Calix bilabiate, above 3-toothed, below bifid.
Corolla much longer than the calix, somewhat
funnel-formed, unequally 5-lobed; the lower
lobe longer, lacerately fimbriate (or fringed).

_ Stamina 2, sometimes 4. Seeds 4,5 of them
_ MInostly abortive. —
Leaves large. Flowers in’ terminal panicles, yellowish

or inclining to violet, with the 2 fertile stamina ex-
tended beyond the corolla. . ;

Species. 1. C. Canadensis. 2. tuberosa. 3. scabra. 4. 00a
iis. 5. anisata. 6. punctata. E. 7. verticillata.

The C. punctata has 2 barren filaments, and the C.
anisata is tetrandrous. (A North American genus.) In this
genus the stamens are observed alternately to approach
the style.

B. Corolla superior.
ttHt} Flowers complete.

27. CIRCA. L. (Enchanter’s Nightshade.)
Calix short, 2-parted, Petals 2. Stigma emar-
ginate. Capsule ovate, hispid, 2-celled, not
opening; cells 1-seeded,

Herbs; with opposite leaves; flowers alternate, in ter-
minal spikes.

Srecizs. 1. C. lutetiana, B canadensis. 2. alpina? This
coes not well agree with the Buropea pekas.
tittt Flowers incomplete,
28, LEMNA. L, ‘(Duck-weed.) 7

Calix of one entire leaf, Stamens alternately
developed, seated upon the ovarium at its base; —_

_ style cylindric, sti 4
he" = 9 stigma funnel for Boas

%

mn

DIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 19

The Lemnas are minute aquatic plants, of an extremely
simple structure, composed, at most, of 3 or 4 lenticular
feaves, laterally adnate and proliferous, rarely flawering.
Each leaf as a perfect plant, in aggregation, produces a
single floating radicle, or, in some species, a small bun-
dle ot fibres. *

Species. 1. minor. 2. gibba. 3. thermalis, of Beauvors.
4) trisulca. (The genus of this plant is doubtful.)

Oss. Like many other aquatic plants the Lemnas are
common to almost every country and climate; they even
vegetate in the warmest thermal springs.

CLASS WT.—TRIANDRIA.

Cee

Order 1.—Monoeynta.
+ Flowers superior, complete.

29. VALERIANA. L. ( Valerian.)

Calix 0, or minutely marginal, at length
evolved in a plumose pappus. Corolla mono-
petalous, tubular, somewhat funnel. form, cal-
carate or gibbous at the base, limb 5-cleft.
Seel 1, usually crowned with the calycine pap-

pus. (Siamens exserted 1, 2, 3, and 4.)
ao for the must part in terminal corymbs or pani-

Spectres. 1.7. paucifiora.t

30. FEDIA. Geritner.-

Calix 3 or 4 toothed. Corolla tubular, 5-
¢left. Capsule crowned with the peristent ca-

—

_ ¥ Radical leaves entire, cordate crenate petiolate; stem-
Teaves pinnate, somewhat toothed; uppermost leaves trifoliate,
eval, acute; panicle scattered; corymbuli few-flowered.
Ows. Stem 3 feet or more high, smooth, suleate, simple and —
fistulons. Leaves smovth; foliola of the pinnate Hie fers
y enlarging, oval, acuminate; flowers rather long,
(near an inch,) pale pink, triandrous, with a short spur or gib-
ty near the base; bibracteate, border 5-parted, lamina oval,
obtuse, stamens exserted; seed elliptic, flat, on either side
aoe = longitudinal strie near the centre; at length
comose. 18 Species appears to be nearly allied to F. Pho.
but distinct; in V. Phu the radical leaves fies oblong, and ge-
nerally entire, the stem-leaves pinnatifid, the pinnula lancea-
late, and very entire; the laminz of the corolla algo are crenu-

q a .
Tate; and the stigmata 3. (T. ; .
"puis in South America.) ( he Seer ewes SEM

TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 2k.

lix, S-celled; only one of the cells usually fer-
tile.

Flowers in fastigiate panicles.

Species. 1. F. radiata. —

$1. PHYLLACTIS. Persoon.

Flowers involucrate; involucrum of 1-leaf,
‘sheathing. Calix consisting ofa minute margin.
Corolla trifid. Seed 1. (Style and stamina ex-
' serted.)

Stemless or cespitose plants with fusiform roots, entire
leaves stellately disposed, and producing almost sessile
flowers collected together in involucrate umbells.
Species. 1. P?. *obovata. Stemless, root fusiform;
leaves radiating, linear-spathulate, obtuse, hirsutely-pi-
lose. (Flowérs not seen;‘time of appearing, October’).
Haxitat. On bare hills around the Arikaree village, ¢ batt
. nthe banks of the Missouri. (I give this with hesitation, © .
_ Rot having seen a perfect ower, merely a flower bud.)— at
There are3 are'3 othcr species of this genus in Peru. “t. Sy Pg
tt Flowers superior, incomplete. aoe Se oth
32. TRIPTERELLA. Michaux. V2GELIA.
Gmelin?

Calix tubular and prismatic, with alated
margins, and a venticose base; limb 6-cleft, the
alternating segments or teeth internal, minute _
and horizontal, covering the stamina. Corolla —

0. Stigmas 3, capitate, Capsule 3-sided, 3-celled,
many-seeded. Stamina included within the_
tube.
Minute plants with simple stems, almost destitute of —
distinct leaves. Flowers in short bifid cymose spikes,
distinct or crowded like a capitulum. :
Species. 1. T. capitata. Stem sctaceous; leaves remote,
amplexicaule, and subulate; flowers disposed in a crowd-

ed bifid cyme, as if capitulate, each flower furnished- |

with alanceolate acute bracte, angles of the calix without Pee

margins, ee
Paladin: borders of sandy ponds in Carolina. (Also in
yenne ) Flowers from May to July. The segments

Tice yeti hh ete net

22 TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA,

2. Cerulea. Stem setaceous; leaves minute, subu- —
late; flowers disposed in a bifid spike or cyme, some —
times simply in pairs, or in still smaller plants solitarys
coloured biue; the winged margins of the capsule partly —
cuneate, truncate at the summit. me 4

Burmannia bifora. L. Tripterella cerulea of Muh-
lenberg’s Catalogue, and Mr. Elliot’s “Sketches of the _
Botany of South Carolina and Georgia,” p. 43. _ .

Oxs. This genus appears to he poms! distinct from —
Burmannia, but seems to differ in the defect of 3 of the —
stamens, and the situation of the capsule below the calix- —

Near, the margin of sandy ponds, from Florida to Vit+
ginia. (Scarce.) “Flowering nearly the whole year.

Spatha 2-3 valved, ovate, short. Corolla 6- —
parted tubulose; tube somewhat s'ender,with the —
style and stamina straight; border nearly sal- —
ver-shaped, divisions sub-elliptic, flat. Stig —

~ ma almost filiform. (Filaments including the _
style; mostly connate.)
Species. 1, I celestina, A very scarce plant, and of @ —
doubtful genus; discovered in Florida by Mr. Bartram. —
Oxs. The whole of this genus, with the exception of —

. the present species, the J. Chinensis, and the I. Bulbecos —
dium of Europe, is peculiar tothe Cape of Good Hope.

/

$4. IRIS. (Flag, Flower de luce.)

Corolla 6-parted, large; three of the lamina —

- erect; the other § reflected, with or without a

_ Crest or beard on the inner side, and bearing —

the stamina at their base. Style short; stig- —

_ mata $ petaloid, oblong, large, usually arched. —

Stamina incumbent, covered by the stigmata.

Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved, many-sceded. Seeds —

flat, triangular; (in some species nearly round —
or spherical. ) ee

Flowers terminal, soli alterna’ ; dt

& sCape; spatha 1 or sue semen oo aaron

reel ot sale or dub ally most an ho

ai tuber. The genus Iris is remarkable for producing —

__~ flat, ensiform er sword-shaped leaves with sheathing mar:

TRIANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. £3

gins; several species, however, have linear and almost
grassy foliage. The I. tuberosa has 4-sided leaves.
Species. 1. L cristata.2. haxagona. 3. versicolor. 4. cu-
prea. 5S. tripetala, 6. verna? Root tuberous, reddish; leaves
radical, linear-ensiform, rigidly coriaceous, very acute,
margined, dark green, somewhat spirally twisted at the
base, about 6 inches long; young shoots and scapes
sheathed with linear-lanceolate stipules of a pink red
colour; scape 1-flowered, nearly radical; tube of the co-
rolla triangular, (about 2 inches long); germ attenu-
ated, triquetrous; lacinie appearing articulated upon
the tube; inner and outer divisions nearly equal, ob-
long-obovate, pale blue, the 3 exterior marked with
an oblong orange-yellow maculate stripe, having a cen-
'. tral, slightly villous, raised line; stigmata linear-oblong,
deeply bifid. (This is certainly a distinct plant from
the I. verna of Pursh; but agrees with Michaux ex-
cept in having. in common with the generality of this
genus, a tuberous, and not a simply fibrous root.
This species is nearly allied to the Z cristata, but
the flower is smaller, without the crest or beard, some-
sweet-scented, and of finely contrasted colours. The
root, like the Z. cristata, leaves a burning sensation on
the palate after mastication, a circumstance, however,
common to several other species. 7. sibirica. 8. prismatica.
9. *lacustris; flowers without a bearded crest; leaves short,
ensiform; scape much shorter than the leaf, 1-flowered;
petals nearly equal? attenuated on the tube; capsule tur-
binate, 3-sided, margined; seeds somewhat round, and
SMooth; roots tubcrous.
Oss, Roots laterally produced to a considerable extent
80 as to form wide and dense tufts; leaves rarely more —
than 6 inches long, scapes generally 1-flowered and still
shorter flower pale blue. :
Hazirart. On the gtavelly shores of the calcareous
islands of lake Huron, near Michilimakinak. (Ihave seen
no perfect specimens, and therefore recommend the exa-
mination of this plant to future botanists.) Itappears to _
be allied to I. cristata. : : 2
Many species of this genus have been discovered
at the Cape of Good-Hope, a few in Barbary, 1 or
2 species in China, and as many in Japan, the rest
have been found jn East Asia (Siberia,) Europe, and.
North America. Not a single species has yet been
discovered in South America, or any other portion of the -
southern hemisphere, except the southern promontary of
_ Africa. The species in the United States, with tl -excep-
tion of the Z verna, (as described by Mr. Pursh) have

oe

24

35.

TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

the tube of the corolla short, as in most of the European

species, and nearly all have compressed, obtusely triangu- .

lar seeds, and tuberous roots. Many of the African species,
with bulbous roots, have the tube of the corolla remark-
ably long, seeds more or less round, approaching to sphe-
Tical, and linear grassy leaves.

DILATRIS. Persoon. Lacunanrugss. EI-

hiott. (Red-root.)

Calia superior, petaloid, externally hirsute,

deeply 6-parted, nearly equal, erect, and persis-
tent. Stamina erect, a little unequal. Style
declining; stigma minutely trifid. Capsule
round, 3-celled, few-seeded; (3-6 in each cell.)

Leaves considerably like those ofthe Jris; sheathing, on
the stem sessile; flowers paniculate, corymbose, exter-
nally pubescent, internally coloured and petalwid, nearly
equal, but the style somewhat declined and thus ap-
proaching to the genus Wachendorfia. The D. Heritiera
of the United States, although a very distinet species from
‘the other 4 described as natives of the Cape of Good
Hope, can hardly be eonsidered as constituting a distinct
genus: it is true, that the stamens are more nearly equal
than in the Cape species, but scarcely so, absolutely, with
the presence of a declining style. As to the structure of
the flowers, they are both merely furnished with a peta-

~ doid calyx, divided down to its base; the Cape species, at

least one examined by Jussieu, had a hirsute capsule,
crowned by the persistent calyx, of 3-céils, 3:valves, 3-
Seeds, the valves naked in the inside, or without a; recep-
ticular placenta, with a central 3-sided receptacle, the
seeds flat, and peltate. In the Heritiera, there are asjmany
as 6 or 7 seeds in each cell, and of a somewhat different

form, ma J round and compressed. It appears, however,

m the globose form of the capsulein Dilatris,

_ that there must be a roundish seed, or seeds, as there is no

86.
Ue
= .
li
-

succulent pee nee The Heritiera bas also a roundish,
obsoletely triquetrous ule. _
cies confounded as ae Ir Beriscehecin tee Usage?
SISYRINCHIUM. L. (Blue-eyed grass.)
Calix petaliod, tube short, border divided
ke 6-flat petals. Stamina, for the most part,

‘United below. Capsule roundish, triquetrous,

a

TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. — 25.

pedicellate beyond the spathe; (laminz in seve-
ral species aristate.)

Root fibrous;stem compressed, ancipital, divided; flow-
ers both terminal and axillary; spatha many-flowered,
compressed-carinate. Flowers white, yellow, or blue.

Species. 1. mucronatum. 2. anceps. 3. Bermudianum?

Oxs. Of 9 species now enumerated, 4 inhabit the tropi-
cal regions of America, (Peru, Guiana, and the West-
Indies) having white and yellow flowers; 3 belong to the
United States, producing blue fiowers with aristate petals;
1 with yellow flowers to the Cape of Good Hope, and
another of a doubtful genus, resembling Zia, was dis-
covered by Forster in New Zealand.

36. BOERHAAVIA. L.

Calix tubulose with an entire margin. Co-
rolla monopetalous, campanulate, plaited. Seed
1, invested by the persistent calix, naked or tu-
berculate, 5-furrowed, obconic. (Stamina 1, 2,
3, 4, and 10.)

Stems herbaceous or shrubby, leaves opposite, one of
the leaves often less than the other; flowers mostly um-
bellate; umbels. slender, axillary, pedunculate, some-
times branching, involucrate; involucrum simple, or many-
leaved; flowers also, in some species, disposed in corym-
bose panicles. (Jussieu says, that the seed is small, and
covered by the angular base of the calix, and in this he is
confirmed by the observations of Defontaines; but to or-
dinary observers the seed will be considered as inferior.

The same remark also applies to the following genus,

Calymenia.) ;

Species. 1. erecta. (South Carolina.) 2. diffusa?

Oss. This genus is chiefly confined to the tropical re-
gions of America, there is also 1 species in Guinea (Afri- _
ca), 1 in Spain, 1 common to India and China, and another —
in the Society islands of the Pacific. jeer

37. CALYMENIA. Persoon. (Atuion1a. Mi-
Involucrum caliciform, 5-parted, persistent,
enlarging, and then peltate-campanulate, 1 to_
3 or 5- flowered. Proper calix none. Corolla
sub-campanulate, plaited, 5-parted, lami

~

a

26° TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

emarginate, tube persistent, calicine. Stamina
exserted. Seed 1, coriaceously coated, obcomic,
with 5-furrows. :

Annual or perennial; stem herbaceous, leaves opposite;
flowers axillary and dichotomously paniculate, or corym-
bose, from } to 5 in.acommon expanding campanulate, or
almost peltate involucrum, extremely evanescent, and ge-
nerally small, 5-parted, lamine deeply emarginate, the
base persistent and calicine, investing the seed. Stami-
na3,4 and 5. Stigmacapitate—Nearly allied to the pre-
ceding genus, and also to Mirabilis.

Seecies. 1. nyctaginea. Micu. ;
Uss. Entirely smooth; stem jointed, leaves broad cor-
’ date, acute; flowers for the most part corymbosely ag-
gregate, and terminal, also axillary; in stems impertectly
eveloped, all axillary; involucrum 5-cleft, 3-5-flowered,
* (and as in all the other species, at length much larger
~~ than the fruit.)
‘Root large and tuberous, probably medicinal.—-On the
| _. alluvions of the, Missouri, common.
i 2. Albida, Walter. ©. 3. * pilosa. Stem nearly erect,
hairy; leaves oval or lanceolate-oval, obtuse, entire; flow-
ers sub-paniculate, axillary and terminal; i
about 3-flowered. > das ted
_ Oss. Leaves sometimes hairy; nearly allied to the C.
} ete SSRABARAT. Near the Missouri,—around the Arikaree
a ep - :
)

jiléoni ovata. Pursh, vol. i. p- 97. The C. avata of
Peru appears to be but 1-flowered.
& C. hirsuta. Pursh, perhaps a variety of the above.
ieee §. C. *angustifolia. Stem round, erect, smooth; inyohi-
[ . erum and peduncle pubescent; leaves linear, seven, cane?

= hy subdenticulate; flowers € iculate, and ax-
Mise . > involucrum mostly Ae 5st. aH ™ = and oe

TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. © _ ear

tire, narrow, sessile, and linear; peduncles all axillary, a
little pubescent; involucrum 3-flowered,

Oss, Perhaps only a yariety of the preceding; still it
preserves the same habit under cultivation; the stems come
up several from the same perennial root, always inclining
to be decumbent, not above 6 inches high, the preced-
ing 2 feet; flowers axillary, peduncles short; leaves rather _
thick, without veins, not more than 2 lines wide and 2 —
inches long, perfectly smooth and rather obtuse; flowers
very small, pale red, and so evanescent as rarely to be
seen open. Fruit and involucrum as in the other species,
On high, bare, gravelly hills near Fort Mandan, on the
Missouri. Flowers in June and July.

This genus, now contaiiing about 15 species, is
thus far confined to Peru, New Spain, and the United
States, being entirely an American genus. There ap-
pears to be but one species of Ca/ymenia in New Spain,
the C. aggrerata, having more than a single flower in
the involucrum, while in the United States, in all the
species it produces three or more flowers. The cali-
cine, peltate involucrum, the deep emargination of the

eet coin corolla, =a ho of the minute
are appare ean essential
distinctions ae ee hearean sama So

ttt owen ‘infeviar.

58. COMMELINA. L.

Calix 3-leaved. Corolla $-petalled, mostly ~
unequal. Stamina 6, sometimes all fertile, but _
for the most part 3 or 4 are sterile. Stigma é
simple. Capsule sub-globose, 3-celled, 3-valv- _
ed, 2 of the cells 2-seeded, the third with its
proper valve, often abortive.

Stem herbaceous, and often branching; leaves almost
gramineous, alternating at the nodes of the stem, the —
sheath of the leaveslong and entire, nearly cleft; branches" _

_ sheathed at the base; peduncles axillary or terminal, one —
or many flowered; spatha cordate, persistent, closing and
enveloping the flowers; rarely wantng- :

Species, 1. communis. 2. erecta, 3. hirtella. 4. Firgi- :

‘<< ston. >. oe
- Oss. The genus ; feaimolail with the exception he.
Species in the United States, and 2 others in Japans,
‘asx - euliar to the tropical regions of and America: there

28 / TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

is also a single species described as African, and another
discovered by Loureiro in Cochinchina. The genus now
consists of 23 species. Most of them produce blue flowers;

the North American’ species of a bright azure, but €x- —

tremely evanescent. It is said that the Japanese possess

a method of extracting the colour from the flowers of
Commelina.

"39, SYENA. Willd. Mavaca. <lublet.

Calix deeply 3-parted, acute, persistent. Pe-
| tals 3, roundish. Anthers oblong, 2-celled. Stig-
| ma trifid. Capsule acuminated with the style,
{ i-celled, 3-valved.

leaves alternate, crowded, linear, subulate, (somewhat
j 3-nerved, Aurnver.); flowers solitary, axillary and re-
4 mote, the peduncle bending downwards after flowering,
{pedicell bibracteate, AuBL.) In the Syena, as it appears
in the United States, the stem is bi-fistulous (for floating )
as in the Calitriche, the leaves each with a single nerves
the peduncles without bractes, but furnished at the base
with a single valved scariose spatha; filament and an-
ther united, the latter upbor ay shores 2-collede eS we
the pollen by 2 terminal obli: pores; style si ig
ma eos 4 rsistent; Sayente tblonig-ovate, l-celled, 3.
valved; se 9, attached by 3s to the centre of each
valve, spherical, acute at one of the ends, longitudinally
traversed by elevated scabrous lines, of a hard and brit-
tle consistence, and a dark brown colour.

oo This is probably distinct from Aublet’s plant. Existing
as far to the North as Virginia, ,

40. LEPTANTHUS. Michaux.

‘Spatha 1 to 4-flowered. Corolla, tube long
and slender; border 6-parted. Stamina seat-
ed upon the segmerits of the corolla. Anthers
linear, or of 2 different forms, the other trian-
a ee gular. Capsule inclosed in the spatha, and in-
__- vested with the marcesent tube of the corolla,
_ S-celled, many-seeded, opening at the angles;

age dissepiment contrary. se

: Aquatic herbs, nearl

A small sub-aquatic, repent herb, resembling moss; the

early allied to th Pentedinias
having alternate jeaves with a sheathing base. Flowers

nase
ice

ae

‘

TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNTA. 29

spathulate, 1 or more in the same spatha, axillary in Z..
gramineus; in all the others, bursting as it were from the
base of the petiole. Flowers extremely evanescent, in
all the species white, except the J. gramineus, which ap-
pears to be scarcely of the same genus, all the others
appertain to Heteranthera, and the ZL. gramineus is now
ealled Scuottera, being further generically distin-
guished by having a capsule of one cell. 2

Srectes. 1. ovalis, Micu. (spatha 2 or 3-flowered? v.
v.) Heteranthera limosa of BEAUVOrIs. 2. reniformis, MICH.
#. acuta of Beauvois. This appears to be the same plant
with the H. reniformis of the Flora Peruviana.f 3. gra-
mineus; (now SCHOLLERA graminea.) Found inalmost all
the rivers of the United States from the Delaware south,
and in the Ohio, to the west,

41, STIPULICIDA. Michaux.
Calix 5-parted, persistent. Corolla 5-petal-
led, petals entire, and as long as the calix.
Style short, stigmata 5. Capsule 1-celled, 3-
valved. Seeds few, each attached to the recep-
tacle by an umbilical filament.

A small perennial herb, with a leafless, dichotomous, ar-
ticulated stem; the base of each branch subtended by 2
opposite, lacerated stipula. Flowers minute, terminal, al-~
most sessile, growing from 3 to 6 together. Radical ~

leaves minute, spathulate.
Speciess. l.setacea. Very nearly allied tothe genus Po-

lycarpon.
42. POLYCNEMUM. L.
Calix 3-leaved. Petals 5 caliciform. Cap-
_ gule 1-seeded, membranaceous, not opening. co-
vered by the calix. (Stamina 1, 2, 3, and 5.)

Stem herbaceous, branching, diffuse, leaves crowded,
linear, subulate, or filiform, and carnose; flowers ealicine,

+ The leaf buds-of this species are large and involute, including
an extraordinary quantity of embryon foliage, enveloped like |
the Bracenia in a gelatinous fluid. Itis also extremely local;
in Pennsylvania it is scarcely known beyond the vicinity of Phie _
ladelpbia, and is not noticed by Mr. Elliot as existing in the
Southern states. se : oe 4

te

> Oss, This

- Fope, but is distinctly perennial; I have not however, had the
= eer aey of examining good specimens, sceing it only in

: -. apreiete SFiaetrous, rather pungent; flowers triandrous?

30 §. WFRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA,

axillary or terminal; (growing chiefly in arid and saline

' Wastes.) :
Spectes. 1. *Americanumt. There are of this genus 5
other species, 4 in Siberia, the 5th near the Caspian sea

43. XYRIS. LZ. (Yellow Flowering-Rush.)

Flowers in an ovate-cylindric capitulum.—
Calix glumaceous, 3.valved, valves unequal,
the outer coriaceous. Corolla 3-petalled, equal.
Stigma trifid. Capsule 1-celled, 3-valved. Seeds
‘very numerous, and minute.

Leaves all radical, gramineous, or like those of the Iris,
linear, or ensiform-subulate, sometimes tortuose, intimate-
ly sheathing at their base; the vaginz of the leaves often
enveloped in a gelatinous fluid. Scapes simple, round,
ancipital, or contorted, terminating in a dense spike or ca-
pitulum. Flowers closely imbricated; of very short du-

ration, ge iag 3 yellow, (in the X. americana of Guianne,

blue, but the leaves triquetrous, and the outer glumes
acute!) Petals retuse, often crenate. Outer glumes of the
capitulum concave, rounded, and obtuse, frequently abor-
tive below.
Species. 1. Indica. 2. Caroliniana (X- Jupicai. Mic#.
X. flexuosaof Muhlenberg’s Catalogue.) 3. fimbriata, El-
: liott. 4. brevifolia. 5.juncea. see ee
Orgs. Of this genus there are’ 2 species in India, 1 at
the Cape of Good Hope, 1 in Peru, and another in Gui-
_. anne (South America,) the rest in the United States, of
~~ “which the X. Indica is common to India and North Ame-
_ rica as far as the 40th degree of north latitude.

2 ttt} Flowers glumaceous.
44, KYLLINGIA. L.
Flowers distinct, disposed in a roundish, ses-

*

sile, subimbricated spike, or umbellate, the

__} Perennial; stem cespitose, leaves opposite, connate, crowd-

~ On the arid hills of the Missouri.
species greatly resembles the P. arvense of Eu-

a |

a

; ao
ee ee r

TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA, ' Si

spikelets constantly suhiebeidic.Gnla 2-
valved, 1-flowered, the valves unequal. Corol-
la 2-valved, larger than the calix. Seed tri-
quetrous. (Stamina 1, 2, and 3; stigmas 2,
and 3.) -

Flowers capitate, or umbelisteeapteate, terminal; in=
volucrum of the head or umbell 3, 4, or many-leaved;
culm often triangular. (According to the observations
of Mr. Elliott, in his Sketches of the Botany of South Ca-
rolina and Georgia, the K. pumila of Micn. has no calix,
and the K. maculata of M. a calix of only 1 leaf.) _

Species. 1. monocephala 2. pumila. 3. maculata.

Oxs. With the exception of tie species indigenous to
the United States, the genus Kyllingia is confined 2 the
tropical regions of India and America,

45. MAPANIA. "tablet.

Flowers capitate, subtended by a rahe; 3-
cleaved involucrum.—Calix 0. Corolla 6-valved,
valves toothed, and imbricaced. Stigmata 3.
Seed intimately enveloped by a chiaffy 6 pores
perisporium (or invelucellum.)

Culm triquetrous, sheathed at the base with chant squa-
mose lanceolate leaves; flowers in a terminal involu-
crate capitulum, the involucrum consisting of 3 large
white? leaves.

Specses. 1. sylvatica. It is extremely doubtful whe-
ther this singular grass of Guianne has ever yet been found
in the United States. Mr. Kinn, said to have been the dis-
coverer by Mr. Pursh, on being questioned regarding it,
by my friend Zaccheus Collins, Esq. produced the Ca-
rex Fraseri asthe identical plant shown to Mr P.; I have
been, however, induced to insert it for future examina-
tion, as it may probably yet be discovered in some bi a
mity of the Southern states.

46. DICHROMA. PeErsoon. :

Spike capitate, involucrate, squame or glu-
maccous scales on ail sides imbricated into ses-
sile crowded spikelets, the lower scales empty. —
—Corolla 0. Style setaceous, bifid. Seed with-—
ou oe gar invalavaliaio Sisal newhat —

32 WRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

lenticular, rather rugose, terminated by the :

triangular persistent base of the style. |

4

Culm obtusely triangular, sometimes nearly terete, —
sheathed by the carinate leaves at the base, terminating Mm
.& single involucrate capitulum; leaves of the mvolucrum
rather large, discoloured at the base, for the most part
white, (sometimes red!) seed (in D. latifolia) roundish-oval,
scabrous and indurated, convex on both sides, margineds —
and crowned with a black, dilated, triangular tubercle.

Spectres. 1. leucocephala. 2. latifolia, A larger plant, —
but nearly allied to No. 1. Grows in Georgia, Florida, and
also in North Carolina, near Wilmington, This species
appears to be perennial, and the other not.—3. ciliata.

Oss. The Dichromais so very nearly allied to Scirpus, a8
‘to be almost destitute of any important discriminative
character; the form of the seed, and the lunate tubercle

_ with which it is terminated, the absence of the sete, and

the sterility of the outer glumes, as Mr. Elliott very just:

remarks, are all circumstances more or less frequent 19
the genus Scirpus. It is merely then by habit that we are at
present to distinguish the Dichroma. (Peculiar to Ame=
rica.) =

7. SCIRPUS. Z. (Club- Rush.) ;
Calix scales chaffy, imbricated on all sides

in a spike. - Corolla 0. . Style filiform, un-

bearded, deciduous. Seed 1, naked, or sure
rounded with involucellate setz or threads. 4
Culm naked, round, or angular, with a solitary termi-

Nal spike. or with several spikes, subtended by an invo- — i

lucrum, and in some species furnished with a leafy culm.
Srecies. §1. with one terminal spike.—1. S acieularis.
2. capillaceus. 3. trichodes. 4. simplex. 5. filiformis. 6. 0vd-
sus. (palustris 8. geniculatus 9 capitatus. 10. tuberculo-
sus. 11. guadrangulatus. 12, equisetoides.—§ 2. with seve- _
ral spikes, and without leaves.—15. debilis. 14. America--

nus. 13. mucronatus. 16. lacustris. 17. validus.—§ 3. culm

leafy at the base—18. minimus. 19. autumnalis. 20. cilia~
tifolius. 21. stenopyhllus. 22. coarciatus. 23. sulcatus. —§ 4
culm leafy —24. ‘maritimus. 25. exaltutus. 26. nitens. 27-
— Hineatus. 28. divaricatus. 29. polyphillus. 30. Shanoides.
__ This very numerous genus appears to be predominant
in the warmer and northern parts of America, in India,
and at the Cape of Good Hope, as well as Europe; a few a.

-——-SPecies are found in Barbary, also in the warmer region®

_ TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 35

ef Africa. There are apparently none in New-Holland
aid Northern Asia. - ;

48. FIMBRISTYLIS. Vaal. Scirpus. L. (Club-
Rush.) : ‘
_ Scales of the calix on all sides imbricated
ina spike. Corolla 0. Style ciliate, decidu-
ous, and bulbous at the base. (Seed generally
destitute of involucellate filaments.)
Species. 1. F. puberulum. 2. castaneum. 3. cylindricum.
4. spadiceum, A\l species of Scirpus of other authors, and
might probably with propriety remain so; as independent
ofthe very arbitrary and insufficient character of this ge-
nus, if such it can be called, there is not even the advan-
tage of any peculiar habit, that should indicate the ne-
cessity of such a separation. The ciliation of the style
appears to be the only discriminative character, a cir.
cumstance, which upon other occasions would scarcely
be considered as a sufficient ‘groundwork for a separate
49. RHYNCHOSPORA. Vahl. Scuenvs. L.
Scales of the calix collected into a spike,
the inferior ones empty. Corolla0. Base of
the style persistent. Involucellate filaments at
the base of the seed.

This genus is well distinguished from Schenus by the
persistent base of the style, often in the form of an acu-
minated conic tubercle, and in some instances the whole
style remains, becoming enlarged and indurated as is
remarkably conspicuous in the R. longirostris. It appears,
also, that the involucellate filaments are always present.

Species. 1. R. alba. 2. rariflora. S. plumosa. 4.

5. longirostris. 6. distans. 7. punctata. 8. fascicularis. 9. glo~
merata. 10. capitellata. 11. inexpansa: 12. caduca. 13. sparsa,
14. ciliata, ‘

50. SCHCENUS, LE. and Vahl. (Bog-rush.)
| Scales of the calix collected into a spike, the
‘inferior ones empty. Corolla 0. Style deci- —
~~ An this it tands, it that there are
rs iene Moors i eos jes

34 TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA,

Srecizs. 1. S. setaceus, 2. hispidulus. 3. effusus. This te
markable grass, discovered in the West India islands by
Swartz, extends a considerable distance northward beyond
Wilmington, (North Carolina) ofien almost exclusively 0¢-
cupying considerable por.ds. The leaves are almost a
sharply serrate as those of a Bromelia, and hence it is very
properly called saw-grass. Vhe genuine species oi this ge-
nus are principally confined to Europe and northern Afri
ca (Barbary). Of the Rhynchospora there are many species
at the Cape of Good Hope as well as in North America
and the West India islands; scarcely more than 1 or 2
distinct species in Europe, none in the East Indies, Aus-
tralia, Northern Asia, and Northern Africa.

51. MARISCUS. Vahl.

Spikelets few-flowered, almost imbricately
aggregated in roundish or subcylindric heads.

—Common calix of the spikelets 2-valved, (3 —

to 6, or 8-flowered). Flowers 1-valved, sub-
imbricate. Style trifid. Seed triquetrous,

Culm triquetrous, leafy at the base, terminatingin anine

volucrate umbell; capitulum, ovate, roundish, or cylindric,
composed of aggregated compressed or subcylindric spi-
culi, from 3 to 8-flowered, the spikelets generally squar?
rose or reflected when in fruit. The inyolucellate fila-
_ Ments appear to be wanting. This genus, confined to
America, seems to be very nearly allied to Cyperus, dif-
fering principally in habit.
Species. 1. M. retrofractus. 2. eylindricus. 3. echinatus
4. umbellatus <

52, CYPERUS. Lin. (Cyprus-grass.)

_ Spikelets compressed, distinct. Calia scales

_ Ambricated in two rows. Corolla 0. Stigmata

mostly 5. Seed i, naked. (Stamina 2, and 3-)

Culm spanlty trique

_ an involucrate umbell; spikes many-flowered, distinct,
ae _ fasciculate, and generally Meddhieubass The lower

= gotbe of the stees mes empty or sterile. The roots

Species possess an aromatic odour, (particu- —

ay _ SS tet: a few others produce tubers at
Z vi ot > = } P

: a eg so Said to be esculent. From the integue

__ €d a convenient substit

ee

trous, rarely terete, terminating in

vk ci ial a a a

TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. ..

fabricated from other substances, but which all still retain
the name of paper, derived from Papyrus.

Species.—§ 1. culm terete—1. C. minimus? This in-
teresting and extremely small species, first found in Ja-
maica and Africa by Sloane and Thunberg, has recently
been discovered by Dr. Isaac Cleaver, both in Penn-
sylvania and New-Jersy, not far from Philadelphia.—
2. articulatus. (found also m Jamaica, Egypt and India.)
—§ 2. culm triquetrous.—3. fusciculatus. 4. poeformis. 5.
kyllingeotdes. 6. uncinatus, of Pursh (a Mariscus?) 7. atte
tumnalis. 8. compressus. 9. brizeus. 10. vegetus. 11. for=
mosus. 12. virens. 23. filiculmis. 14. mariscoides. 15. filicinus,
16. flavescens. 17. gracilis. 18. Hydra. 19. repens. 20. tubero-\
sus. 21. tenniflorus. 22. odoratus. 23. strigosus. 24. tetrago-
nus. 25. flavicomus. 26. distans, 27. speciosus. 28. Enslenii.

The genus Cyperus appears to be widely dispersed
over the world, no countries, however, are sorich in this
genus asthe United States, the West India islands, and
the continent of India; there are also 9 species in Barbary,
mest of them common to Europe. The C. favescens, C.
virens and the C. fuseus, are the only species in the north
of Europe; of which, the first is also common to the Unit-
ed States. Northern Asia and Australia appear to afford
no species of this genus, though there are many species
at the Cape of Good Hope. Upon the whole, it appears
that the principal habitat of the Cyperus is North America
and India within the tropics. A considerable number of
species are common to very distant regions.

58. DULICHIUM. Richard. -

Spikes somewhat racemose, axillary. Spike
lets linear-lanceolate, rather compressed. Ca-
licine scales subulate, almost distichally sheath-
ing. Style very long, bifid. Involucellate sete
long and scabrous. Seed acuminated by the
base of the style. Ke

spikelets and glumes linear and subulate, erect or patu-
lous, few-flowered,(6,0F 10.)
a | : .

.
Jes a
Belts Bin ie:

ope

36 TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

been considered a Scirpus (Michaux), by many a Cyperus
(Willdenow), and Vahl has decribed it as a Schenus, it
certainly approaches the genus Cyperus, but is distin-
guished from it by the présence of the germinal fila-
ments, and its subulate glumes. In habit it very widely
recedes from Scirpus and Schanus,and all the glumes, be-
sides their very peculiar form and mode of aggregation,
are uniformly fertile.

Species. 1. D. spathaceum. 2. Canadense, (This genus
is peculiar to the United States.)

54, TRICHOPHORUM. Persoon.
gir eed ovate; Calix scales imbri-

- . cated on all sides. Corolla ©. Germinal sete
(invelucellum) capillary, mostly 6, in the ripen- :
ing seed, growing out very long. |

Culm triquetrous, leafy, terminated by a paniculate
umbell; or naked, with a single spike; involucellum of the
seed capillary and definitely parted, (sete about 6) not
woolly and indefinite as in Eriophorum, to which genus
the 7. alpinum and T. Hudsenianum have hitherto been
referred. The 7. cyperinum has a very near affinity to
the genus Scirpus, where it was placed by Michaux, and

from its great dissimilarity of habit with the Eriophorum
alpinum, now referred to Trichophorum by weare
“obliged to consider the present iat Gory atlieary
and artificial. All the species of Trichophorum, naturally
belong to the genus Scirpus, and there is no line of sepa-
ration, except we are to consider the elongation of the se-
ninal filaments or involucellum,as a peta eer suf-
ficient to constitute a genus; for the number of the seta,

6, so carefully inserted in the generic character, is the

. prevailing number in the genus Scirpus. (Mr. Pursh adds

- setis 6-9.)
|, SPectes. 1. T. cyperinum. 2. Hudsonianum, (nearly al-

“TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNTA. $7

with a very long, dense, and woolly involucrum.
Seed sub-ovate without angles,

Culm generally round and leafy; spikes terminal, soli-
tary or aggregate. Stamina mostly 3, rarely 2.
_ Species. 1. E. cespitosum. 2, pelystachyum. 3. angustifo-
lium, 4. virginicum. A genus equally common to the

sphagnous morasses of Europe and North America; there

is, as yet, but one species, the E. virginicum, peculiar to _

the United States. From Persoon it does not appear that

any other portions ef the world afferd a single species of ©

this curious genus.
<=

56. VAGINARIA. Persoon.

57, FUIRENA. L. _ Bo gr

Spike ovate, calyeine scales imbricated on all
sides, acutely acuminated. Corolla 0. Stig-
mata 3. Involucellum of the seed formed of 3
chaffy awnless scales alternating with 3 slen-
der setz. :

-_ Root creeping. Culm round, simple, without distinet
_ leaves, distantly invested with obliquely truncated och-

rez or vagine (sheathes) having small subulate 1 aead

spike ovate, terminal, generally solitary, someti

*

threes, In habit this plant appears distinct trom the ge- _

nus Fuirena, to which, however, it is verv closely allied.

But the scales of the spike are not properly awned, only *

acutely acuminated; the scales of the perisporium are also
said to be furnished with alternating filaments or sete, —

and destitute of awns.

Florida.)

a"
=

Spikelets composed of mucronate scales im-

bricated on all sides. Corolla 0, Seminal invo-—

_ Spectres. 1. V. Richardi. (The only species known.—In .

. aN

lucellum broad, chaff-like, scales cordate, (sti-

pitate) often awned. Stigmata 2 and 3. (Seed —
triangular.) : ee

*

Culm round and leafy, terminating in an umbellate pa-
nicle, or aggregation of spikelets. Calicine scales abrupt-
ly aw! ed; the awn ereet‘0r patulous. Root in F. squarro-
sa resembling a coneatenation of bulbs. _ eee

Spectres. 1. F. squarrosa. (Georgia and Carolina). - OF
this genus there are 2 other species in the

| es

ee 'BRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

gers See es :
ae tropics; one, the F. umbellata, is also common to India; the
Ath species, F. canescens, is a native of Africa.

58. CENCHRUS. (Bur-grass.)

= Invcolucrum \aciniate, echinate, 3 to 4-flower-
ed. Calix 2-valved, 2-flowered, 1 fertile the
other sterile. Style bifid, (sometimes 2.)

Culm round, in some species branched; flowers in-
spikes or racemes; proper involucrum caliciform, spiny oT
hispid, sometimes roundish with a laciniate margin, in
other species setiform, or more or less deeply divided.
Sreciss. 1. C. echinatus. 2. tribuloides.

__ Of this genus there is 1 species in India, but doubtful
1 ‘as a Cenchrus, 3 in Barbary, besides the C. echinatus equal-
ae ly indigenous to the United States; the C. capitatus
- . Barbary, exists also in France and Italy, and the C. hor-
deiformis is found also in Asia. There is another species in
Babao, one of the Friendly islands; another in Montevideo
in South America; 2 others at the Cape of Good Hopes
and lastly, a shrubby species in the mountains of Ar-
_ menia.
- This genus is very nearly allied to Pennisetum.

“LIMNETIS. Richard. Tracnynoria. Mi-
chaux. Srarrina. Schreber. (Marsh-grass.)

Flowers in unilateral spikes almost imbri-
cated in 2 rows.—Calix 2-valved, carinate, and
compressed; one of the valves much smaller
than the other. Corolla 2-valved, awnless. Styles

long, 1 or 2, Perisporium 0. Seed com-
pressed. Pa Se
_ Culm round, rarely hollow, often tall, (the L. polysta- —
chya trom 3 to 10 feet high); leavesarge and long; spikes
mm # simple appressed or expanding panicle, long,
Tany-flowered; valves of the calix very unequal, the larger
Valve acutely carinate; the carina almost aculeate or —
is ie €. Seed compressed, Se S
gd ithstanding the great disparity of habit, this ge-
lus is véry nearly Fe to the Dactylis, at least to the D.
ene: oe Dae 2 sometimes 1-flowered. me
chp thet, suncea- 2. eynosuroides. 5. polystachya. 4.
glabra. Vhis last species grows up the Missouri‘ as far a
_ the great Northern Bend, around Fort Mandan. The ge-

ga

tee

yal about the length of the coro ay .

ay
We
is

=

TRIANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. ee

France and England, is confined to the United States,and =

principally to the marshes of the sea-coast.

60. NARDUS. L. (Mategrass.) -
Calix 1-flowered, 1-valved. Corolla 1-valved,
included within the calix. Stigma 1. (Flowers
spiked, alternate, and sessile.)

Species. 1. \- stricta. (On open hills near the banks
of the Missouri.) ‘This genus, with the exception of the
.M. ciliaris, of India, is confined to Kurope.

61. MIEGIA, Persoon. ARUNDINARIA. Michaux.
(Cane.) eee
Flowers polygamous, paniculate.—Calix 2-
valved, many-flowered, short and unequal. Co-
rolla 2-valved, unequal, the larger valve acumi-
nate. Style very short, trifid, and plumose. Pe-
risporium (nectary) 3-parted, laciniz lanceolate
acute, as longasthe germ; presentinboththefer-
tile and infertile flowers. Seed naked, large, acu-
minated with the persistent base of the style.

Culm gigantic, perennial. Flowers. paniculate; spike.
lets distichous, 7 to 10-flowered.—Very nearly allied to
the genus Bamébos, as particularly described by Jussieu
under the name of WVastus, from which it principally dif-

fers in having S instead of 6 stamina, and a bifid in place
Of a trifid style; their separation is thus merely-artificiah

~The WVastus has also a 2 to 4-parted perisporium, and

spikelets with flosculi which are alternately abortive.

Species 1. JM. macrosperma. Culm 3 to 15 feet i ao
2. gigantea? Perhaps only a variety of the former. Culm
30 to 35 and sometimes 40 feet high. This species is.sup-—

* posed to flower but once in 20 or 23 years: the 4. macros-_
perma, flowers much oftener.—The .4. gigantea grows in |
“most abundance on the alluvions of the Mississ:ppi, where ~

it presents the most impenetrable brakes. The external zo
varnished epidermis of the cane is found to be a siliceous —
deposition. ae

62. ORYZOPSIS. Michaux. a
Calix 1-flowered, 2-valved, valves loose,

40 TRIANDRIA, MONOGYNIA.

‘ : a ae
__-rolla coriaceous, subcylindric-ovate, 2-valved,
- surrounded at the base with a line of pubes-
cence, the exterior valve awned at the summit.
Perisporium 2-parted, linear. -
Culm nearly leafless. Flowers rather large, in a small z=
; racemose panicle; leaves almost rigidly erect, flat, rough, ©
- somewhat pungent at the point, and on the lower part 0
_. the culm very short. Corolla glume a little hairy. Mic
ehaux adds that it hasithe habitus of Oryza. 4
Spectes. 1. O. asperifolia. The only species hitherto
known, and confined to the northern mountains of Cana-
- da and the United States. It appears tu be consider
ably allied to the genus Milium, but is well distinguished
from it by the very different form ofthe valves of the ca-
_lyx, and the single style. Mr. Pursh remarks his having
found it on the Broad Mountains of Pennsylvania, and
says, that the grain it produces is large, and affordsa fine
and abundant farina, deserving the attention of agricul-

ee turists. es Ge?
_ 63. * ERIOCOMA.} (Silk-grass.)~
_ Calix 2-valved, 1-flowered; valves gibbous

and coarctate above, longer than the corolla,
both 3-nerved and cuspidate. Corolla 2-valved,

__-Foundish; valves coriaceous, vested with a silky
wool, the outer valve terminated by a short tri-
quetrous deciduous awn. Anthers bearded. Seed
large, somewhat spherical. | Py
Flowers dichotomously paniculate, peduncles flexuose,
_ eapillary, and clavulate. Leaves very long, invyolute and

subulate, nodes of the culm distant, entirely sheathed. Be
- a membranacea. Pursh, vol. ii. in Supplement. p+

Sd. Cuspirata, C. : : —
___ DescaiPriow, Root perennial; culm 2 to 3 feet high»
__-stmple; panicle spreading, dichotomous, flowers by pairs,
peduncles capillary flexuose, clavulate at the summit.
Leaves very long, filiform and convolute, a little asperate
~ onthe margin, (often more than a foot in length); vag
half a foot, entirely sheathing the stem and the panicle —

-— ¢ From c¢ tov, wool, and noun, @ head of hair. A grass pro-
_ ducing a fastigiste tuft of silky hair, oe the glume of the —
coroll lia : ~ : Ee - : = “= ms i ie ies eany

~

_ racter; having a

64.

‘FRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. 44

before evolution; ligula entire, conspicuous. Calix 2-
valved, 1-flowered, valv«

the length of the corsa
the corolla contra
only about one thi
nerve ending in a cu
glume at its base, nerves

-ventricose and gibbous, above

valved, short, nearly oval, in fruit almost spherical, valves
coriaceous, vested with an fit co ff villus, extend-
ing beyond the corolla, the dorsal valve terminated by a
triquetrous pungent deciduous awn scarcely the length +
of the calix, at first perfectly erect, afterwards a little
bent; the inner valve entirely enclosed by the outer and

without awn. Stamina-3, scarcely exserted beyond the
valves of the corolla; anthers smail, brown, bifid at both
extremities, above terminated by small pubescent tufts.
Style 1. Stigmas 2, short, hirsutely villous. Ovartum
sheathed. by a 3-leaved perisporium (or nectary). Seed
nearly spherical.
_ This genus is very nearly allied to Oryzopsis, but at
the same time stifficiently distinct both in hab\t and cha-
inga eulm with remarkable long sheathing
and almost filiform subulate leaves, a dichotomous spread-
ing panicle, a ventri LW ow

2, coarctate, awned calix twice the

s membranaceous, about twice’

a

length of the’coro! ich last is furnished with a deci- a

duous awn, and a long silky villus. — ag

HazitatT. On the grassy plains of the Missouri,
from the Arikaree village to the Northern Andes? Flowers
in Juneand July. ~

Order 2,.—D1GYNIA.
+ Calia 1-flowered, flowers scattered. _

MUHLENBERGIA. Schreber. Drurrr~

RUM. JMichaux.

Calix very minute, truncated, 2-valved. -un-

equal, Corolla g-valved, hairy at the base, ex-
terior valve terminating in a slender awn.
(Style 1?)

*

‘Culm slender, leafy, terminating in a compounded —

racemose appressed panicle. Calix persistent, as in

Agrostis, but extremely minute; like an obtuse unequally
bifid scale in the M. diffuse; in the M. erecta one of the

valves is rather long and acute, according to the obser- z

42 TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA.

vations of Mr. Elliott. The dorsal glume of the corolla.
is terminated by a long and straight awn; the style appears

to be single at the base, but bifid above. This grass has

much less the habit of Agrostis than the following genus,

and certainly no affinity to Leersia. ’

Species. 1. M. diffusa. A very common grass in the
western, as well as most of the eastern states; round Lex-
ingion in Kentucky it grows in such abundance as almost ~
to exclude every other grass, and affords a tolerable pas

= turage. 2. erecta. Not quite so common as the preced-

3

_ $5. TRICHODIUM. Michaux. —
__ Calix 2-valved, valves nearly equal, acute;
* €arina a little hispid. Corolla shorter than the

calix, 1-valved, awnless. Stigmata almost ses-
sile, rather hirsute; sae

Flowers in capillary trichotomous panicles, mostly in
loose terminal fascicles.—Very nearly allied to the genus
Agrostis with which it almost agrees inhabit and charac-
— ter, differing, however, essentially in the glume of the
' .. €orolla consisting of but a single valve. The carina of the

calix described as spinulose by Persoon: and: Richard, is

... €ntirely a microscopic character, and even then can

3 _ Searcely be called"more than a very short hispid ciliation,

_ Which in T. More distinctly invests the rachis,
ing very sensibly asperate.

Species. 1. T\laxiflerum. 2. decumbens. 3. elatum. This

ters as given
it,

66.

m

- cence and glumesare of the same remarkable character;

67.

Q.

without an awn. Stigmas plumose or vil

compressed, boat-shaped, without awns. (Sta-

- Calix 2-valved, 1-fiowered, pate E * cS |

TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 45

LEERSIA. Swartz. (Rice-grass.) .
Calix 0, Corolla 2-valved, closed: valves

ens 1, 2, 3, and 6.)

Flowers in appressed or spreading panicles, alternate —
and nearly sessile; receptacle of the glume concave and
somewhat margined; glumes Of the corolla apparently.
growing together after flowering. Leaves more or less* —
scabrous; in the Z. Virginica the channels betwixt the
striz of the leaves are thickly set with short hooked pri- _
cles, extremely acute and tenaceous, but most conspicue
ous upon the sheathes. This genus is very considerably
allied to Oryza; it does not even altogether differin the
number of stamens, there being in Jamaica an hexandrous |
species of Leersia, there is also a bifid’ perisporium (or —
nectary) in this genus as well as in Oryza, their inflores-

but the Oryza is furnished witha short chaffy acute calix,
not, however, one third the length of the coriaceous —
glumes, and is described as being furnished with anawn, —
though none cultivated in America ever produce it, and
some rice also which I have seen from India considered
as spontafieous was equally destitute of awns. It is pro-
bable, as Loureiro imagines, that the awned rice is a dis-
tinct species. In Tournefor’’s Institutes there isa figure
of a panicle of rice with awns as long almost as a Stipa. —
Species. 1. L. Virginica. 2. lenticularis. 3. oryzoides,
Besides these 3 species there are 2 others in Jamaica, —
and another in New Holland so nearly allied tothe 0.
hexandra, that Mr. Brown scarcely conceives them dis-
tinct. The valves of the O. lenticularis are said to
possess a degree of irritability, and re‘ain small insects;
it 1s more probably the singular construction of the corol- __
la which produces this phejomenon; the insect venturing _
too far is retained as itra trap by the proboscis, and the _
hooked ciliatures of the valves, assist in ensnaring the in~
truder. ue hc oe cee

MILIUM. L. (Millet-grass.)

valved, much shorter than the calix, with or -

Flowers paniculate (or spiked.) This genus
distinct from Agrostis; if it possess any

a4 ' TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA,

character it is the form and proportion of the calix, being
tumid and almost ventricose, nearly equal, and consi-
- derably, sometimes, much larger than the corolla glumes;
that there can be any genuine species of Milium produc-
ing spikes is extremely doub‘ful, yet 4 and now 5 species
with this anomalous habit are enumerated. One species, ©
the M. nigricans, is used as an artitle of diet in Peru. _ =
Species. 1. M. inplieeepe ‘Fhe only genuine species.
of this genus appear confined to Europe, those of the a
West Indies producing spikes can have no distinct rela-
tion to the genus Milium so nearly allied to Agrostis.

68. AGROSTIS. L. (Bent-grass.)
Calix 2-valved, 1-flowered, valves acute.
Corolla 2-valved. Stigmata longitudinally his-

pid or plumose.

_. Flowers paniculate, spreading, with or without an awn,
small. Corollaglumes smaller, equal to or exceeding the
ae -@alix, in many species there are 2 minute hairy tufts near
a the base of the inner valve. The 4. Bromoides, A. arun-
; dinatea, A. Calamagrestis, and A. Mexicana, with seve- —
ral single flowered species of Arundo ought with proprie-
_ ty to be restored to the genus CaLamacGrosTis of Roth
and Withering, aname, at least significant, to all who are
nted with the species which it embraces, and much
exceptionable than many others which have been
yed in Natural Science. SE i
Peres. §1.awned.—1. 4. Spica venti (introduced).
Qitenuiflora. 3. pauciflora. 4. stricta: 5. canina (introduc
ed.) 6. sericea. ( Stipa sericea, Mich._) 7: trichopodes, E. 8+
arachnoides, EB. (nearly related to the genus Trichodium).
—§ 2. without awns.—9. decumbens. 10. vulgaris. 11. aspe-
ra. 12. alba. 13. dispar. 14. juncea: 15. indican-16. clan-
destina. 17. laterifora. 18. * brevifoliat 19. glauca. TE

‘Culm solid and compressed, somewhat eat ‘osely branch-
at the base, erect; leaves narrow subulate Mi erent: much.
tes than the culm: panicle eee of alternate appressed
ane interrupted racemes; calix.equal, shortly acuminate, much
a shorter than the cotalls, vive ot the Sorelle glume nearly.

Somewhat terete, coloured, the dorsal glume shortly mu

» ' Ss.

stem is not terete,

beige

inches deeply cleft, leaves: ee
1, about a foot High, cali chafly, a

TRIANDRIA.: DIGYNTA. 43

these may all be considered as distinct, the United
, States produce half as many species of this us
as all the rest of the world besides, there bei nly
40 enumerated by Persoon. In India there are 6 species,
of which 2 produce spikes like Paspalum or Digitaria, and’
another species with the same anomalous habit in the isle
of St. Helena; there is 1 species in Japan; 1 in Senge
lin Teneriffe; 1 at the Cape of Good Hope; 3 in Arabia;
1 in New Zealand; 4 in the West India islands; and all the
rest in Europe; of which, several of the southern species
are equally common to Barbary. Not one species from =
South America, Northern Asia, or New Holland. 5
This genus affords to the agriculturist some ef the
ne important objects of cultivation both for pasturage
artificial meadows, among these the .2. stolonifera
with its numerous varieties is considered as the most :
useful. * a : me

69. CINNA, L. :
Calix 2-valved, compressed, nearly equal. —
_ €orolla linear, compressed, shortly stipitate,
naked at the base; dorsal valve including the =~
inner, with a small awn near the summit.
Stamen 1; style 1. Seed somewhat oblique. ~

Panicle large, reed-like, branches crowdéd, Wavingy”
flowers compressed, approximating so as almost to ap-
pear imbricated, smooth, wath conspicuous scariose mar:
gins, leaves broad. i RR ge ae

The Cinna differs greatly in habit from Agrostis as well
as character; its habit is that of Arund», and the base of
the corolla, which is shortly stipitate, is destitute of the —

‘minute pubescent tufts which characterize the 2grostic. —
The awn of the corolla is also extremely small. ee

46 TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. -

than the calix, surrounded with a pubescence

or long wool at the base, the dorsal valve with _

or without awn. :

Flowers paniculate, panicles often contracted, some-
times conglomerately lobed. Calix mostly acuminated,
and exceeding the corolla. Glumes of the corolla of-
ten lacerate, generally surrounded at the base with a
woolly involucellum, sometimes merely pubescent near
the base; the dorsal valve usually embracing the inner
one, and awned very often below the summit.

gia lh

Spectres. 1. Mexicana. Panicle erect, capillary branch-

ed, branches approximating, leaves glabrous, with a sca-
‘brous margin; calix acuminate, nearly equal, much lon-
ger than the corolla; valves of the corolla unequal, the
- Inner valve embraced by the outer, very small, and lace-
rate, the dorsal valve producing a strai ght awn from about
the middle; woolly involucellum longer than the corolla.
Oss. A grass abo:t 2 or 3-feet high, points of the calix
bluish purple. This plant is described as destitute of an
_ awn; the awn is indeed short and very slender, and rea-
~ dily confounded with thelong wool arising from the base
_ Of the corolla. Agrostis Mexicana? PEKsoon, Arunda
ayrestoides. Pursu.
2. Colorata, Sintuorp. Phalaris arundi

—Arundee : Brit. Phalaris Americana?

/ of Mr. ELzrort, who considering the 2 feathered ap-
_-. - pendages at the base of the corolla (* basi penicillis duo-
_ ~- bus lanz flosculo longé brevioribus.” Smiru.) as auxil-
_ liary glames of the corolla, which probably they may be,
_ Conceived it to be distinct from the European plant.—

3. canadensis, (Arundo canadensiz. Mich.) As this is
justly considered a dubious plant, I hope the reader will

“nerve, the carina of both scabrous: valves of the corolla
pos Diy a ey via a entire at the points, and

= C ‘gin, the dorsal valve obscurely 5-nerv-
_ ed; awned alittle belo, he summit; awn siraight, scarce-
Wy hall the length of the valve; inner corolla glume nar-
FO, sith a decp dorsal channel, near the base of which
arises a supitate tuft of pappus, similar to that

tS 5

«
we ®

Spite
Be eels eh EI? SoS

_ 'TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 47

which invests the base of the corolla; true pappus about
half the length of*the corolla; seed villous, with a hairy tuft
at its extremity; nectary (perisporium) bifid, acute. What-
ever this plant and the Arundo colorata may be consider-
ed, they are proximate species. In the latter there are
2 stipitate pappose tufts, in the present species but 1; the
resemblance of these to that species of pubescence which
invests the base of the corolla is so exact, that I can scarce- -
ly think it improper to consider them as any thing else
than neutral abortions, and if ever these imperfect rudi-
ments should even produce an empty or staminiferous
flower, they might then be almost considered as species
of Hoicus. : ;

4. confinis, (Arundo confinis. W1Ltp.) To this genus
also appertains the Arundo epigejos, the A. Calamagrostis,
and the 4. stricta of Europe, probably also the 4. conspicua
of New Zealand. es 4 =i

71. ANTHOXANTHUM. L. (Sweet-scented,
Vernal Grass.)

Calix 2-valved, 1-flowered. Corolla 2-valved,
valves unequal, acuminate, awned from near
the base. Stamina 2. _ .

Flowers spiked, bracteolate, spike terminal, somewhat —
lobed, glumes of the calix very unequal, sheathing and
scariose. Flower glumes much smaller than the calix,
obtuse, nearly equal, each awned nearly from the base,
one of the awns longer and geniculate. Stamens much
exserted, bifid at either extremity.

Spxcres. 1. .4. odoratum.{(naturalized.—From Europe.)
_Of this genus there are only 4 species, 2 of which are na-
tives of India, and the 3d was discovered by Forsterin _

New Zealand, but appears to belong to some otherge- =

nus. ee a < rf i

72. AULAXIA. AvLaxanTuus. Elliott.

Calix 2-valved, 1-flowered, with the rudi-
ment of a second; valves equal, furrowed, the _
furrows villous. Corolla 2-valved, valves near- -
ly equal. ; eee

Flowers disposed in 2 narrow appressed panicle, re-

- gembling a raceme} calix and corolla nearly equal. Seed
roundish obovate. Stigmas plumose. Gg er
/ * Speczes. 1. 4. ciliata. Ex. (Phalaris villosa? M1

a m4

; 73.

" ‘WRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA.

rufa. Ex. This genus appears to be very closely allied to
Panicum, and. somewhat to Miliiim, particularly to the
M. amphicarpon of Pursh. The Milium villoswm of Ja-
maica may probably belong to this genus.

PHALARIS, L. (Canary-Grass.)
Calix 1-flowered, 2-valved; valves subovate

or lanceolate, carinate, equal and nerved, in-
“cluding the corolla, © Corolla 2-valved, mostly
- hairy atthe base ®

74.

Flowers generally in terminal cylindric or ovate spikes.
In P. canariensis, the corolla consists of 4 valves, in P.
aquatica of 3.

Species. 1. P. maritima (Arunda arenaria. Lin.) This

may be considered as intermediate between Arun-
da and Phalaris.—On the coast of New-Jersey. Z. Col-
lins, Esq. In Europe considered of great importance for
arresting and consolidating the movable sands of the sea-
coast. The rest of this genus is chiefly confired to the
south of Europe and Northern Africa (Barbary.)

BRUCHMANDNIA. Jacquin. PHALARts eru-

~- ceformis. L.

ie.

Cali 2-valved, 1-2-flowered, valves semiob- A

cordate, inflated, equal. Corolla 2-valved, includ-

es Z _ ed within the calix, valves unequal, the dorsal

$

valve setaceously acuminate; one of the flowers

__ often abortive or wanting.

_ Culm erect, panicle irregularly spiked, spikelets inter- ~

- fupted and subdivided; flowers disposed in 2 rows on
one side of the rachis. (Valves of the calix somewhat mar- _

gined or slightly carinate, gibbous, and abruptly acute,
with scariose margins, in the American plant generally
‘A-flowered, corolla glumes unequal, the dorsal yalve con-—

tiles to a by a short setaceous muc ; ee

rather acute; stigmata long, filiform and hir-

TRIANDRIA. DIGYNTA.. 49

common to Siberia, the south of Europe, Hudson’s Bay,
and the Missouri.

75. CRYPSIS, Lamarck, (Thorn-Grass.)

Calix 2-valved, oblong, 1-flowered. Corolla —
2-valved, longer than the calix. Stamina 2 or
8. (Spike surrounded at the base by the sheath
of the leaf; or the flowers collected into ately
eapitulum.)

Culm decumbent or procumbent, extremely branched;
leaves rigid and pungent; flowers collected in squarrose
apa or short and dense irregularly involucrate, lobed.

- spikes. 4

Srecies. 1. C. * squarrosa. Stem decumbent, much
branched; leaves short, all rigid, and sharply pungent; ca-
pituli squarrose, few flowered: dorsal vaive of the coroda
coriaceous, somewhat cleft at the point, with a shortish
subulate central cusp.

On arid plains near the * Grand Detour” of the Mis-
souri, almost exclusively covering thousands of acres, |
and as pungent as thorns. © Not more than 3 or a
inches high; the flowers not collected into heac
the European species, but merely in s ase ternfina
fascicles; the outer ‘glume of the corolla 1 ig Tikewise cleft
so as to present 3 shor coriaceous subulate points. =

2 Virginiea Spike oblong, thick and lobed, generally —
sheathed. by the inflated vagine of 2 short leaves; stem —
procumbent, genicuiate, nodes numerous, approximat-—
ing; ‘leaves involute, rigi and | Spungent calix carinates.
shorter than the corolla. — :

Agrostis virginica. Wri Sp. Plant. Agrostis pungens
* Schreber. Gram. — ini

Leaves short, filiform subulate, rigid and divaricate, ae.
most entirely smooth,and ‘somewhat glaucous; culm decum-
bent branched from the base; spikes closely sheathed, axile _
lary and terminal, about an inch long, sometimes oblong-
ovate, lateral spikes often very short and roundish, rachis
thick and angular at the base; calix nearly equal, compress-

_ ed carinate,acute, shorter than the corolla, ciliate on the
earina (seen through a lens); corolla valves often rather _
unequal, inner valve somewhat obtuse, naked at the bases

Sats exserted, jen ase?

Dr.

long.
_” Grows in the streets of Philadelphi
nie Virginia. Pursh. PR pn
Ft appears to be allied to Phicwm,

ia

50 TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA.

to Phalaris; its habit is that of Crypsis. To Agrostis it has
no affinity whatever. :

Of this genus there are only 2 other species, the
C. aculeata, common to the south of Europe and Bar-
bary, and like the C. squarrosa annual. The 2d spe-
eies, C. Schoensides, grows in Italy, the south of France,
Spain and Smyrna. These 2 species are nearly related to
the genus Phlewn. ‘The C. squarrosa in the structure of
the corolla glume, appears much more nearly allied to the
genus Cenchrus. .

76. PHLEUM. L. (Cat’s-tail Grass. Timothy-
_ Grass.) ;
- Calia: 2-valved, 1-flowered, valves linear with
a retuse point, prominently carinate, each ter-
minating in acusp (or short awn). Corolla in-
_ ¢luded within the calix. :
Flowers in dense cylindric spikes, simple, or partially
divided, calix indurated, generally rough, ciliate or his-
pid, flat and truncate, with the mid-rib going out into a
shortish awn, ‘
_ Species. 1.P. pratense. (Introduced, now naturalized in
the United States, and of great importance in agriculture.)
o™?Phe few species of this genus (7) sre all natives of Eu-
: » With the exception of the #. dentatum of the Cape
-of Good Hope, which evidently belongs to some other
47, POLYPOGON. Desfontaines.

' Calix 2-valved, 1-flowered, each of the valyes
awned. Corolla 2-valved, shorter than the calixs |
_ the exterior valve terminating in an awn,

_ plant, or a new species, as he describes the spike to be
_ compound, and the mid-rib of the calix extended into. an
en twice: its length, with a corolla “ much smaller than
_calix.” Mr. E. found it wpon Sullivan’s island, appa-
naturalized, and net more than 6 to 10 inches high
P. pratense, Six J. B. Smith, in Flor. Brit. says"

TRIANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 1) &

“aristis brevibus, subdivaricatis.” Desfontaines remarks
in his ‘ Flora Atlantica’ of the same plant as growing in
Northern Africa * glume—mucronaix, mucrone brevissi-
mo, horizontaliter conniventes;”—2. *racemosum,t (Agros-
tis racemosa, Micu.) Of this genus there are now 5 spe-
cies described. The P. monspeliense (or crinitum) on the
sea-cuasts of Frarice and England, and probably in the
United States; 2 the P. maritimum discovered by Bon-

land, near Rochelle in France, 3 the P. vazinatum

ound by Pallas in the Crimea, and lastly, the P. ieee
latum near Estremadura in Spain. ‘

78. ALOPECURUS. L. (Fox-tail. Grass.)
Calix 2-valved, 1-flawered. Corolla 1-valved,
awned from the base.

- Culm generally simple, terminating in a dense and usu-
ally cylindric, simple or lobed spike. In the .4. pratensis
and the A. agrestis, the glumes of the calix are comiate

~~ Culm very tall, compressed, branched, and somewhat de-
cin Det panicles interruptedly spiked, both axillary and ter-
Fai y-flowered; flowers Se ri ine PD
mating lobes; calix glumes” y eq
nerved, each nerve Terminating ma very long | seta
(after the manner of Festuca); corolla glumes nearly equal, ale
most terete, much shorter than the calix. (the exterior valve _
terminating in a straight awn, nearly its length) pilose below; _
seed cylindric. =
Hasitart. On the alluvions of the Missisippi and Missou- :
ri; abundant around St. Louis, (Louisiana.) oes
Oss. Arista of the calix more than its length; lea es smooth
and linear, culm much branched, often 8 feet high, and. dec
bent upon the neighbouring plants. Pubescence of the eis 2
hairy, principally near the base, but not as long as the corolla;
the awn of the flower appears to be often wanting. This —
cies seems to be somewhat Tees a the “5 farciculatunt = ‘
ain, but differs very essentially in the near
er calix valves, at puaoatk from the genus ou as rather pig =
structure of the- awns, and the entire but membranaceous mar-
gins of the calix; (in P. Monspeliense the calix is cleft at
point; ) the pubescence also near the base of the corolla, but not
absolutely so, and much shorter than it in length, separates it
from tis; neither is this pubescence dispos
2 lateral tufts as in 2grostis, at the same time it i is in thi

an anomalous circumstance: 23

+

52 | TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

(or united near the base). In most of the species the
awn is geniculated or bent at an obtuse angle. =

Spxcres. 1. pratensis. (Naturalized; frequently assuming?
the decumbent habit of 1. geniciulatus. According to Des-
fontaines this species is subject to the parasitic affection of
microscopic fungi, called in France Ergot.) 2. subarista-
tust Mica.

Nearly all the genuine species of this genus are con-
fined to Europe, also extending into Barbary in Afri-
ea. There are 10 species described, of which there are 2
at Sod Cape of Good Hope, and 1 at the straights of Ma-
ge

79. PANICUM. L. (Panick-grass.)

Calix 3-valved, exterior valve often very
_ small, 1-flowered, (mostly with the rudiments
_ Of a sessile, neutral or masculine floret.) Corol-

_ fa (hermaphrodite) 2-valved, cartilaginous and
_ ~persistent.

___ Flowers densely or loosely paniculate, the panicle some+
- times recemosely divided, with lateral conglomerations up-
~~ OManangular rachis, but forihe most part diffuse or
~ ing, pyramidal, divaricate, or dichotomous, every where
: terminated by single flowers, approximating by pairs. In |
_ Many species, the accessory, now considered the outer
~ glume of the proper calix, is very minute, in these spe-
“= ‘ies the calix is often oval, or obovate, pubescent, with
~~ the imperfect flower always destitute of sexual rudi-
ments, and the panicle divaricate. Some other species

7 Culm about a foot high, and as well as the sheathes
glaucous, repent at the base, or geniculate. Leates smooth, 2
or Sinches long on the culm; stipula elongated, semicylindric,
Spike 1 to 2 inches long, somewhat attenuated above, cy-
indric, a little lobed or divided near the base. Flowers ovate .
obtuse, a little dilated. Calix connate at the base, conspicu-

ciliate on the carina and margins. Corolla obtuse,

dged with green as well as the calix; awn a little

cserted, straight, originating somewhat below the middle of
the valve. Stigmata white, liform, exserted more than the
len — ete scarcely plumose. :

_.. In the waters and ont © Margins of ponds, in Upper Canada.

RoC In news es 5 near Philadephis ‘Neary allied
to A. geniculatus, but the Hower | not awned from the base,

and ie awn mes Sight. os ce —

= ee

+

TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 53s

‘
have the valves of the calix approaching to equality,
mostly acuminated; in these there is generally, if not
constantly, an imperfect floret producing stamens, and
they are usually furnished with a dichotomous pani-
cle, either appressed, or diffuse and pyramidal.f :

The generic character of Panicum is now described by ~
Schreberas follows: ;

Calix of 2 very unequal valves, containing 2 flowers,
the outer one male or neuter. Corolla of 2 unequal valves,
finally cartilaginous and investing the seed. 3

_ Schreber remarks, that the inner glume of the imper-
fect flower being overlooked, its outer glume was con--
ceived to belong to the calix: hence the calix was thought
to consist of 3 valves, of which the third was much the

east.
Species. § 1. Paniculate; flowers in dense racemes.
“1. Crus-galli. 2. Walteri. 3. gibbum, Ex. 4. molie, (calix
only 2-valved? but 2-flowered, one of the flowers stam-—
niferous only, allied to Milium? Micu.) 5. gymnocarpon,
Ex. (A very remarkable species, with the valves of the
calix somewhat carinated, and nearly all equal, with an
imperfect neutral rudiment attached to the buse of the —
perfect flower; the whitish indurated corolla in seed al-
‘most resembles a Se/eria, and is scarcely half the lengtl
of the calix. This species is closely allied genu:
Orthopogon of Brown, but the valves are only acuminated, —
not awned ) 6. geniculatum, Ev. 7. anceps. 8. hians, Ev.
(P. divaricatum. M1cw.) 9. fusco-rubens.—§ 11. Flowers it
panicles.—10. virgatum. 11. nitidum. 12. dichotomum. 13. _
_ capillare. 1A, latifolium. 15. scoparium, 16. paucifiorum, Eu.

17. amarum, (of an extremely bitter taste! Ex.) 18. scabrius- _
culum. 19. nervosum, E. 20. multiforum, E. 21. ovale, Be
22. lanuginosum, E. 23. viscidum, B. (remarkably viscid —
or glutinous near the nodes of the culm. Several other »
species in the United States have glandular exudations.)

24. villosum, Fin 25. pubescens. 26. spluerocarpon, E. 27. —

ciliatum, EAZ8. ensifolium, E. 29. barbulatum. 30. microcar=_

pon, KF. 31. Melicarium. 32. debile, EK. 353. angustifoliume

34. divergens, F.. 35. elongatum, Pursn. fae

The southern and middle states of North Amer
now afford about one third as many species of this |
nus as are at present discovered in the world. About 1

a genuine species of Panicum are described, independé
s of those with involucellate spikes, which are now place:
in the genus Pennisetum, and a few others in Orthe
_ This habitus merely describes the Am

54 TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA, z

‘ \
| Of these, besides what wehave enumerated, New Holland |
- affords 32 new species, according to Mr. Brown, besides
several others common to various quarters of the world.
In Great Britain it is doubtful if there be a single indige-
nous species of this genus, if we except the P. Crus-galli,
which may, however, have been introduced from the con-
tinent of Europe. Desfontaines describes 8 species in
Barbary, of which only 2 are peculiarly indigenous, the
P. debile and P. Numidianum, the other 6 are equally
common to the South of Europe, but of these there are
only 3 which correctly appertain to the present genus.
Neafly all the other Panicums are pretty equally divided
betwixt India and America within the Northern tropic,
particularly the West India islands. In Jamaica there is
a shrubby s cies, the P. divaricatum, and in India 2-
others, viz. the P. arborescens and the P. curvatum. The
P. Milium or Millet, now cultivated in the South of Eu-
~» rope, is also from India. From this view, itis evident that

the genus Panicum, generally speaking, belongs to the

tropical regions; hence we finc this genus to increase

upon us in America, as we proceed through the southern

states, where they are often in such abundance as locally

toexclude almost every other grass; still we find many

species of this genus in the United States, extending to,
and some even greatly beyond, the 40th degree of North™

30. PENNISETUM, Richard, (Some species
of Panicum of £.) (Bristly Panick-grass.)
—__Involucrum composed of many sete (or bris-
thes.) Caliax 2-valved, valves unequal, 2-flower-

ed; one of the flowers hermaphrodite, the other
_ Masculine (or rarely neuter) both sessile.
_. (Flowers spiked, polygamous.)

owe Spikes simple or compounded; partial involucrum, com-

_ posed of several deeply divided yo arate bristles, in-
_ Cluding 1 or 3 flowers, many of the flowers abortive; in

some oo, a bristle at the base of each em-
_ bryon flower whether perfect or abortive. Most of the

foreign species, on which the name was founded, have an
3 involucram ‘um of two kinds of seta, a tew of the lower ones,
~ (as in P. orientale) being longer and plumose.
_ _ Species. 1. P. _— (Panicum Cenchroides of Mr. _
- Elliott, but this name being already adopted in the pre-
| Sent genus, a change becomes necessury: very nearly wl

~

TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA, — Pe)
hed to Cenchrus, and furnished with «spiny involucrum.) —__

2. levigatum,, Eu. Seglaucum. 4. viride, 5. verticillatum.
(These two'last.appear to have been introduced.) 6. cor-
rugatum. 7. Italicum. (‘Yhis species is supposed to,be the
true Panicum of the ancients, and its drooping panicle is
described by Pliny, who speaks of it as not so much used
as the Millet (Panicum miliaceum) in making bread, but —
weighing-more than any other grain, as well as increasing :
more in bulk when cooked. It is still cultivated in Italy
and other parts of Europe, and from the vast size of its
spike must be very productive. Mr. Elliott remarks, that

in Carolina it sometimes attains the height of 10 feet. Of

thig genus, though not numerous, there are species in

Europe, India, the West Indies, Africa, andNew Holland.

81. ORTHOPOGON. Mr. R. Brown.

Calix 1-flowered, with 3 nearly equal valves,
all awned, the awn of: the exterior valve much
longer than the others; awns straight, and
smooth, 3

With the exception of the present species, these are
tropical grasses, growing in shady places. Their leaves
fiat, and broadish. Spike composed of alternate spikelets
directed all one way, and sometimes consisting of very _
few flowers.

Species. 1. 0. hirtellum. (Panicum hirtellun:, Lin.) In
Florida and South Carolina. In this species, as it appears
in the United States, the spikelets contain from 5 to 8
flowers, the partial and general rachis often smooth as
well as villous, sometimes the valves of the calix are mul-
tiplied to 4,of which the external ones whether above or
below are furnished with very long, smooth, straight, and
viscid awns; the neutral rudiment at the base of the inner ss
valve of the indurated perfect flower is very minute znd
bifid, constantly attended with an oblique and imperfect =
lateral valve, ciliate at the upper edge as areallthe valves
of the calix, whether the other pubescence be present or
not. Of this genus Mr. Brown describes 4 species in
New Holland, the P. compositum of Ceylon as well as the
present plant are also included in this genus by its foun-
der, and there appears to be some other species in India _
and the West India islands. oe

82, DIGITARIA. Haller. Richard. (Crab-grass.)
Calix 2 or 3-valved, concave; exterior valve
minute, or none, second Variable, the innermost

56 TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

as long as the corolla. Corolla 2-valved, ob-
_ Jong-ovate, terete, and awnless. Style very long.
Nectary cleft.

Spikes digitate, linear; flowers by pairs alternately sub- .

sessile. Species of Panicum of Linnzus and others; with
which they nearly agree in structure, but possess the ha-
bit of Paspalum.

SPectes. 1, D. sanguinalis. 2. villosa. 3. filiformis. 4.
paspalodes. ;

Except the D. sanguinalis and the D. humifusa of Eu-

rope, the few other species of this genus, about 12, are”

* confined to India and North America.
83. CYNODON,. Richard. (Bermuda-grass.)

- Calix 2-valved, spreading, lanceolate. Co-

- rolla larger than the calix, 2-valved; the exte-
» Fior valve large and ovoid. .Vectary truncate.

aa Spikes digitate, flowers imbricated in a single series,

A remarkably creeping grass, growing very luxuriantly
in the sands of the sea-coast, as well as the poorest loose
soils, and were not its extirpation so difficult, might-be
of importance for forming pastures where scarcely any
’ other vegetable could exist. “
__ There is only 1 species, the €. Dactylon, common to
Europe, North America, and the West India islands.

84. PASPALUM. L.

— Calix 2-valved, equal, mostly orbicular. Co-

“olla 2-valved, of the same figure and magni-
tude. Stigma plumose. :

: _ Flowers in digitate spikes arranged on one side; mostly
_- “ in 2, 3, or even 4 rows; rarely alternating in a single row,
‘ im some Species Ovate as well as orbicular. ‘Spikes ge-
erally digitate and definite, in a few species allied to the
ss Sar. Bloc} sett P. membranaceum ( Ceresia fluitans of
. 3 Mr. Elhor the P. stoloni the spikes are ve
|. - Humerous, and disno; gs ong a

Sposed almost vyerticillately upon a ra-

_ ceme, in these also the flowers are ovate, and the rachis _

— This genus, as Mr. Brown very justly ob-
‘Whicl produce spikes, = “ums at least tothe species

ee ee ae et ae oe

ee

‘
*
.

, ee
TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 57

Srecies. 1. P. setaceum. 2. debile. 3 ciliatifolium. 4
dasyphylium, Ev. 5 precox. 6 lave. 7. Floridanum. 8. pli-
catulum. 9. purpurascens, E10. distichum. 11. vaginatum.—
§ 11. Spikes in racemes.—12. membranaceum. 13. stolonife-
rum. In New-Jersey, Pursh, Near New Orleans abundant.
I suspect these 2 last marked as species, are varieties of
the same plant. This species, originally discovered in
Peru, has been greatly recommended to agriculturists.
In warm, maritime situations, it continues growing
flowering throughout the year, and is undoubtedly pro-
ductive and important in South America; but in Euro
it is entirely destroyed by the earliest frosts of the au-
tumn, being quite a tropical annual a,

This genus, with the exception of the above species, is
confined to the West Indies and the tropical portions of
the American continent; there is at the same time, 1 spe-
cies in Japan, 2 in India, 1 in Surinam (Africa), and ano-
ther in China. The P. conjugatum is common both to Ja-
maica and Surinam. There are also a few species in

x

_ New Holland. Europe produces no species of this ge»

a =
85. ARISTIDA. ZL. eo Ss
Culix 2-valved, t-flowered. Corclla 1-valved,
terminated by 3 awns. , i

Culm paniculate; panicle sometimes contracted likea
dense spike, or elongated into a compound raceme, in ~~
others spreading or divaricate, in some species tricho-
tomous, in others dichotomous. Flowers commonly

nae

4, gracilis, E. 5. oligantha. 6. dichotoma, (the larger con-
9 *tuberculosa: Culm rigidly erect, dichotomous, wie
the axillz of all the branches; panicle rigid, rathe
ramuli eeniiesing ionecde te

58

86. STIPA,

_by the interposition of small callosities at their base.
“Valves of thecalix subulate, often more than an inch long.

TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.

distinct at the base; calix valves carinate, with very long
subulate points, and twice the length of the corolla; co-
rolla cylindric, st:pitate; awns smooth, nearly equal, very
sone spirally convolute, and growing together towards

e base.

Culm with very few articulations, (2 to 3 feet high.)
Sheaths of the radical leaves mostly tomentose; leaves
smooth, very long and subulate. Branches erect, remov-
ed from the culm, and the flowers often from each other

lowers distinctly stipitate, stipe villous; awns twisted
rena at the base, nearly equal, more than 2 inches

Ng.

In the sandy pine forests of Georgia, a few miles from
Augusta.

Of this genus there are 5 other species described as .
growing in the West Indies and South America, 1 in the “
island of, Teneriffe, 7 in India or the neighbouring islands,
2 at the Cape of Good Hope, 1 in New Holland, 1 in i
Spain, and 3 in Barbary, of which the 4. pungens is a :
shrub with plumose awns,

<p aig sag

1, (Feather-grass, Long-awned
grass.) ee

_ than the calix, 2-valved; valves involute and
truncate. dwn terminal, very long, deciduous,
and contorted atthe base. == .

- straight and without pubescence.” The African yariet

ther obtuse, distinctly articulated to the awn, which is

Calix 2-valved, 1-flowered. Corolla shorter

‘The habitus of this genus is so very similar to that of
the preceding that we shall omit the repetition. Here,
however, the corolla glume is only terminated by a —_
awn, but often of prodigious length, in some species ele

rope as described by Linnzus with the “ awns (nearly)

one third of its length, the stipe pubescent, the seed ra-_

TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA, 59

art sod —_ scarcely contorted, and near half a
tin length. ‘his specie: grows very commonly on
the grassy plains of the Mid@iuci, as Pett as the 8. A a
nica, and are very troublesome when in seed, adhering t
the pungent stipe to every thing which comes in their
way. 4. bicolor. (S. barbata, Micu ) Also in Brazil. 5.
expansa. 6. stricta. 7.*parviflora.t There are now about
18 species of this genus, of which 5 are European; there
are 2 species at the Cape of Good Hope, 1 in Siberia, 3 in
the warmer parts of America, (many more probably dis-
covered by Humboldt and Bonpland), the rest exist in
North America and Barbary; of these the §. juneea is
~ eommon to this part of Africa, Europé, and North Ame-
rica, the §. parvifora of Barbary also grows on the plains
of the Missouri, and is probably the same plant as the S.
aristella of Europe.
Not a single species of this genus is useful in agri-
‘culture. In Europe the species are thinly scattered,
in Barbary and Upper Louisiana they appear in many
_ places the prevailing herbage, communicating to the de-
sert plains in autummthe colouring of harvest, called pay-
Jonal by the American Spaniards. :

87. SACCHARUM. L. (Sugar-Cane.)

Flowers all hermaphrodite.—Calia with a
long woolly involucrum at the base, 2-valved.

+ This species is figured and described by Desfontaines in
his Flora Atlantica, 1. p. 98. t. 29. as growing in Barbary. The
Missouri plant appears, however,to bea distingt seen
assuredly not a distinct species. i.

‘Stem from 1 to 2. feet high, smooth. Leaves* smooth, .
sheathing the stem and the panicle, filiformly jared, but
not rigid. Panicle long, appecomts many-flowered: “Pedun-
cles filitorm. Calix about one half longer than the corolla,
Glumes compressed carinate, partly S-nerved, nearly equal,
abruptly and capilliary acuminated, corolla somewhat villous, :
sessile, or nearly without stipe, awn smooth, becoming capil-
lary towards the extremity, somewhat flexuose, about an inch
and a half long.

Grows 0 ee with the other species on the plains of
the Missouri. Diflers from the African plant in the ieaves not

ing rigid, and the seeds villous, also by the capillary acumi-—
Nation 'and compressien of the calix, and as well as the obtuse

form of the seed.

eee

= i 9 ae

6p | TRIANDRIA. DIGYNTA.

— Corolla 1 or 2-valved, with or without a termi=
_ nal awn. Stamina 1 to 3. eS
_- -“ §re Erganruus, vlichaux. ck 7 od oa al-
- most in the form of a spike; terior glume of the corolla .
always terminated by along awn, Stamina 2. (Nearly al-

lied to Andropogon.) re se ee

Culm tall and solid, terminated by an appressed spike- =
like panicle; involucrate villus, of various lengths; inner ©

glume of the corolla always awned, awn straight; (in E.

contortus spirally twisted, and the flowers alternately pe-

dicellate: perhaps an Andropogon;) leaves expanding; calix
Species. 1. ecurotdeum. ~(The trivial name of gi+ .
_ganteum given by Walter and retained by Persoon, can
only be ised with propriety relative to the genus with |
which Walter at first associated it;as a Saccharum, which
it is, although indeed tall, it is almost every way inferior
in size to the other species of the genus.) 2. brevibarbe.
3. strietum, Ex. 4, contortum, Ku. 3
This genus, with the exception of the North American

S€ction, is confined to the tropics. There is 1 species in

Teneriffe, 1 in Japan; the S. offcinarum or true sugat-

cane, with four other species are natives of India; there

is another species in the West Indies, tin Guinea, and 1

in Italy, with the §. cylindricum common to the South of

Europe and Barbary.

$8. ANDROPOGON. L. (Beard-grass.)

Flowers in pairs, polygamous; the herma-
phrodite sessile; the masculine or neutral flow-
er, without awn and pedicellate-—HerMAPHRO-

pire. Calix 2-valved, 1-flowered. Corolla of 3
_ valves; the second valye smaller and awned, tie
third interior minute. Stamina 1 to 3. Recepta-

r-

cle or rachis mostly villous. Jnvolucrum, a fas-

__, Ciculate villus at the base of the flowers. (In

___- Many species the leaves are boat-shaped, or like
_tumid sheathes.) * ' :

ally cleft into numerous flat branches,

ally in proliferous or concatenated branch- _

;, spikes), disposed by pairs, by threes, or
‘igitate arising from the summit of sin-

om
cn

we

: te “PRIANDRIA. DIGYNGA. | 61

ae frequently sheathed by cymbiform acute or acuminated

__ . leaves, in some species so closely as not to admit the ex-
_pansion of the spikes; flowers alternate and sessile, with
lateral abortive pedicellate florets, sometimes mere bar- _
pedicells, arising near their base. In the American’
the inyolucrate villus is often short, sometimes

~ Anconspicuous. re ‘
“4 ‘ ~ SPEGIES. 1. A. nutans. 2. avenaceum. §. ciliatum, Ex.
4 melanocarpus, Hu. 5. scoparium. 6. macrourum. 7. terna=—
vium 8, virginicum. 9. bicorne. 10. argenteum, Ex... dA.
dissitiflorum 12, vaginatum, Ex. 13. tetrastuchyum, Ex.
44. furcatum. — . a
-. In India there are 11 species of this genus, 2 of which,
the A. Nardus and A. muricatum, are every where culti-
; vated for their aromatic odour. ‘There are also 3 species
+. inJapan, 5 in the south of Europe, most of which are also —
* ~ indigenous to Barbary, 1 species peculiar to that country,
and 1 at the Capeof Good Hope,,2 in the West India-
». __ islands, and now 14 species enumerated in the United
a i, States, of which, severai are also common to the tropical
regions of the American continent. Excepting the con-
< tinent of India, there appears not to exist a single genu-
ine species of Andropogon, within the southern hemis-
phere.

§ 11. Calices 2-flowered, dispersed.

$89. TRISETUM. Persoon. (Three-awned Oat-

grass.)
Calix 2 to $-flowered, acuminate and cari-
nate. Corolla, (outer valve) terminated by 2—
shorter, almost tooth-like awns (or the apex of
the glume setaceously bifid,) and 1 longer
straight dorsal awn, not contorted. ae

Species of Avena of other authors, distinguished chief-
ly by a deeply cleft acum/nate and carinate dorsal valve,

; a central straight awn, with compressed pale coloured
' spikelets, and floseuli which are generally smooth, —
Specigs. 1. I pratense, (Avena flavescens, L.) The rest —
* of this genus is chiefly confined to the South of Europe,
: Barbary, and the Cape of Good Hope.

90. AIRA, L. (Hair-grass.) =

Calia shining, 2-valved, 2-flowered. C
~ awnless, or awned from the base, 2-vaived.
= so Pics, G P i
oS ie :

.

62 - TRIANDRIA. DIGYNTAs ie

_ Florets without a third rudiment between

ers scariose and shining, disposed in capillaty pa-
‘$. In many species the vaives of the calix or the
corolla are obtuse. From Avena the awned species are
distinguished by producing straight or geniculate awns,
arising from the base of the flower.
Species. 1 pumila? 2. aquatica, (this species-is nearly
allied to Poa.) 3. obiusuta 4 brevifolia? 5 capillacea. 6
precox. 7. flexuosa. 8. cespitosa. 9. mollis.
This genus is almost exclusively confined to Europe ~~
and North America; some species, however, are common
_ to Barbary, and the South of Europe. eae ee
. *URALEPSIS.+ a.

es.

Calizx scariose, 2-valved, 2 or 3-flowered, |

“somewhat terete, much shorter than the outer
valve of the corolla, acute at the base. Flowers
alternate, distinct. Corolla 2-valved, stipitate,
Valves very unequal, the outer tricuspidate, cen-
tral cusp much longer, terminated by a straight
_ awn, nerves all pubescent; inner glume short,
_ . arched inwards. Seed somewhat gibbous, en-
larged above, arillate.
Grasses with the habit of Andropogon, and partly the
~ Structure of Aira. Culm simple, leaves and gheathes
~ short; racemes few-flowered, remote, nearl, simple, and
<?.~-golitary, axillary and terminal, sheathed; sheathes deci-
duous; (flowers and culm purple ) ; *
Species 1. U purpurea. (Aira purpurea, WautER and
Evviort.) Culm tereie and somewhat hairy below the
commencement of flowers, semicy lindric ubove; racemes
shorter. than the internodes _ few-flowered, flowers nearly
Leaves flat, very narrow, above almost filiform.
wered, vaives nearly equal in length, each
‘s somewhat acute, rarely lacerate. Uo-

=. WO BR AWR-AS I 88 hes

tended to indicate the si

pod a a

TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA.

} ner valye about the length of the calix, 2-nerved, arched
F over the seed, nerves margined above with interrupted
tufts of dense villus. Seed subtereic, entarged and inficet-
ed above. At the base of the inner valve in ‘the upper-
most flower there is eithera barren pedcell with an obwse
point, or a third imperfect awned flower. Nae
, 2. *aristulata. Valves of the catix uncqtal, obtuse, and —
- dacerate, about 3-flowered; lateral teeth of the outer co-
Folla valve obtuse, and the awn very short.
a? ; Near Wilmington, Delaware,—Dr. Baldwins | ©
~ xs. Perhaps only a variety of the former. ‘Upper leaves
goesly sheathing; spikeleis aimosts terete, 3-flowered,
orsal awn merely visible, lateral teeth obtuse, nerves pu-
™ bescent; inner valve inflected, fringed to the summit.--Ca-
~ Wixvery acute at the base, purple, in buth species persist-
ent, corolla siipitate, villous at the base. _ :
Near as this genus aproaches Tirisetwm in its artificial
character, it is still widely separated by habit, and would
» never probably be referred to Avena, being distinguished -
_ from both those genera by the remarkable snaliness of
the calix, its truncate appearance, and want of nerves, as
_ weil as the singular inequality or gibbosity of the corolla.
: 92. MELICA. L. (Melic-grass.) ee
Calix coloured, 2-valved, 2 flowered; glumes
loose, obtuse, membranaceous, and unequal, —
Corolla 2-valved, ventricose, smaller than the —
_ ealix; the rudiment of a third flower betwixt
~ the flosculi. ~ “8
; Panicle in the form of a spike or raceme, rarely more
a compound; flowers large. In the Jf. wifora the calix is—
but 1-flowered; and in the If aspera 3-flowered. ‘To the
2 generic character of Melica, Schrader adds * stamens
oa dilated and combined at their base; nectary of Lleaf.”
af Specres. 1. M. glabra. 2. diffusa? (1 have seen a third —
species from the Northern states collected by Mr. Bige- —
low, in which the corolla glu

; are obovate and vil
a little shorter th
ceme-like panicle.)

ose calix, disposed ra
~ Africa, Europe, and th America. itis, however, a ge-

sc :
this genus there are species in
mus neither n nerc us nor common, ot ee
iy LZ, (Soft-grass.)

2 flowered, 2-valved, (opaque and |

Corolla smaller, 2-valved, the

Wu

64 'PRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA.

valve awned. Neclary linear, 2-parted. Stig-
mata nearly sessile,

Flowers polygamous, one masculine, the other herma-

_phrodite, paniculate.

Species. 1. H. lanatus, 2. striatus? 3. fragrans, (called
Sweet-gra8s, and Sencka-grass, nearly allied to the Holeus
oderatus; certainly not a congener with the #. /anatus and
Hi. mollis, but apparently a Melica.)

’” Grasses of Europe, with the exception of the H. fra-
grans. The H. lanatus is now naturalized in the United
States.

94. SORGHUM. L. (Broom-grass.) ‘x

Flowers polygamous, by pairs, the herma-
_ phrodite flower sessile, the masculine or neuter
_ pedicellate. HERMAPHRODITE. Calix 2-valy-
ed. Corolla 3-valved; the 2d valve awned, the
_ 3d connecting with the villous nectary. Corolla
of the male flower awnless. Seed large.

» __ Culm tall, flowers diffusely paniculate, leaves expand-_
ing. Seed sufficiently large to be cultivated for food
» «somewhat resembling millet.
_. Spectres. 1. Hf. bicolor. (By Persoon considered a varie-
ty of ne S. vulgare; cultivated around Lancaster, accord.
ing to Dr. W. Barton, who bas been induced to recommend
.. *it to public economy, as a substitute for chocolate or cot-
fee, when parched.) 2. succharatum. (Extensively culti-
vated in the United States, though no where naturalized.
Its large panicles are used for brooms; the ih is given
to poultry, and might probably answer the same purposes
as that of the §. dicolor. The whole plant is highly sac-
__charine, and attempts have been made in France and
elsewhere to extract sugar from it; but without sufficient
success. ) Pi ia f
_ OF this genus there are only 4 species described by
Persoon; 2, if not 3, in‘India, and 1 in Syria;—the .S. dico-

dor is a native of Persia.

SESLERIA. L. (Moor-grass.)
Calix 2 to 5-flowered. Corolla 2-valved, valves
toothed at the point. Stigmata somewhat glan-
_ - dulous.—Flowers spiked, often purplish, base
of the spike bracteate, or involucrate. ety.

Ba i

a

; 3 a TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. = 65)

Early flowering subalpine grasses, growing in calcare-

ous Mountains, ae

Species. 1. &. * Dactyloides. Culm setaceous, ‘leafy;
leaves short, flat, subulate, and somewhat hairy; stipules
bearded; spikes 2 or 3, few-flowered; flowers in 2 rows, —
disposed upon an unilateral rachis, calix mostly 2-flower-
el, and with the corolla acuminate and entire.

Has. On the open grassy plains of the Missouri; abun- ~
dant. Flowers in May and June. vv. Root after flower-
ing resembling a bulb. : Pe esha

Culm smooth and round, furnished with 2 or 3 Jeaves,
about 4 or 5 inches high, Leaves flat, subulate, and
‘somewhat hairy, 1 to 2 inches in length, and about 2
lines wide; sheathes shorter than the internodes, very
Hairy around the stipules. Spikes 2 or 3, somewhat oval,
subtended by a single leaf, with which they are at first
sheathed; rachis compressed, margined, spikelets 6 to 8, _
by pairs, inclined to one side. Calix 2-valved, 2 or 3-flow- .
ered, valves very unequal, each with a single nerve and —
carinate, the larger oblong-ovate, mucronulate. Outer _

_ valve of the corolla oblong-lanceolate, entire, 3-nerved,
smooth, and membranaceous, longer than the calix; inner
2-nerved, nearly the length of the outer. Anthers linear,
entire, fulvous, exserted. Styles filiform, pubescent.

This species appears on the one hand, allied to..4the-
ropogon, and on the other to Dactylis. Though rather a
Sesleria than any other genus, it recedes from it in hav- —
ing the valves of the corolla entire at the apex, and thus —
it approaches Dactylis, at least, the D. glomerata. a

With the exception of the: present species, the genus
Sesleria is’ confined to the alpine regions of Northern’
Europe. es,

. § 111. Calyces many flowered, scattered.
96. POA. L. (Meadow-grass.)

Cali 2-valved, many-flowered. Spikelets
more or less ovate, without awns, valves some-_
what acute, discoloured, with scariose mar-

Sins. 2 . * :
Flowers paniculate, panicles many-flowered, br:
often semiverticillate, one sided, coarctate, or -adin
=. 4 in several species the flower glumes are connected at!
s _ ». base by a tomentum or villus. Se
Pe Species. 1. P. trivialis. 2. pratensis. 3. viridis, ( listil
guished from J. pracensis by the rematka

66 = TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA.

-. ‘gion and almost pungent acuteness of the calix’and com |
rolla; valves connecied at their base by a very copious,
~ long tomentum; panicle semiverticillate and coarctate.)

4. nemoralis. 5. annua. 6. alpina? 7. compressa. 8. nervata.
» 9. autumnalis, EL.t 10. angustifolia. 11. aquatica. 12. fii-
tans. 13. rigida. (These are nearly all introduced species, _
or common to Europe as well as America, and of great
importance in agriculture.) 14. capillaris. 15. tenuis, Ex.
= 16. hirsuta. 17. subvertieillata. 18. crocata.t
§ 11. Br1zoma. || Spiculi erect, closely imbricated, flow-
er glumes ofien angularly 3-nerved; without a connecting
villous; valves short, ovate, obliquely pointed, (sometimes
producing the appearance of marginal serratures,) inner.
valve small, seeds more or less spherical.

a: Pungens would perhaps have been a better name for this
arly ffowering vernal grass.
-_ Oxs Root somewhat cespitose and ial; culm partly
as ancipital, about a foot high. Radical leaves erect, long, and
narrow; leaves on the culm generally 2, flat, oblong, lanceolate,
me: scabrous only on the margin, the lower about aninch long, the
upper just visible; all erect and carinate, with.a coarctate pun-
gent point; stipula truncate, lacerate, sometimes abruptly acu-
minate; sheathes long, but alittle shorter than the nodes. Pa-
-—nicle small, semiverticillate, alternate, horizontally gti
é terminating in an almost simple raceme; branches capi
ly by twos’or threes; fasciculi 3 or 4. Spiculi crowded to-
_the extremities of the ramifiecatio 8, Cuneate-ovate, or
lanceolate, before flowering. somewhat acute, 3 or 4-flowered.
Calix smooth, inner valve acute. Corolla ovate lanceolate, a lit-
tle obtuse and scariose at the point, villous at the base, obso-
letely 5-nerved, 3 of the lesser nerves ciliately pubescent below.
Stamina exserted, tremulous, bifurcate at either extremity.
. Styles sessile, complicately plumose, white.
‘Has. Around Philadelphia in rocky situations, on the banks.
of the Schuylkill, &c. Flowers in April.

.¢ Culm leafy, round, 18 inchesor 2 feet high. Leaves smooth,
t,. acuminated, 4 to 6 inches long; stipula elongated. Pani

flowered. Spikelets-in attenuated racemes, small,
acutely ovate, generally 2-flowered, pale green, wi

an ‘sometimes: purplish scariose points. Calix acu-
as the flosculi, obsoletely 3-nerved, and
‘ Flowers'Gtong, rather obtuse, with a dorsal line of
Ci near the base. Lom

- cle elongated, semiverticillate, branches appressed, NUMETOUS, ae

+
|

TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. a ee

ae

- Panicles lateral and terminal, spikelets often crowded, _
wers numerous; stipula obsolete, densely ciliate.
* Flowers entirely deciduous.

19. conferta, Eu. (panicles long and very erect, axil-
liary and terminal; branches in conglomerate sessile clus-
ters, crowded with membranaceous flowers, spikelets
appearing pectinate or serrate.) 20. nitida, En

** Diner valve of the corolla and rachis persistent.
. 21. parviflora, (branches of the panicle dichotomously.
divaricate; flowers distant, terminal, approximating b
pairs upon unequal pedicells, inner valve of the coro :
and rachis persistent; seed nearly spherical, rugose. The —
"spikelets of this plant are somewhat glutinous. This is cer-

| ‘tainly not the P. striata of Lamark.) 22. tenella. (Culm

| slender, leaves short and subulate, panicle somewhat ver=

be Aicillate, erect, branches capillary, flexuose and appres-

_ sed, flowering towards their extremities. Spikelets few,

r, somewhat acute, closely and incumbently imbri-

cated. Calix unequal and very short; flowers erect, ap-

pees pearing ng alternate, short evate, with an oblique apex,
and almost obtuse,. obscurely neryed, ag a purple
margin, and a whie scariose tine att € point. Pose

-

t Panicle elongated, almost haply branched at rs
. branches erect; spikelets compressed, oblong-ovate, obtuse, up-
on very short peduncies, 8 to 15-flowered; valves of the calix
acute, nearly the length of the 3-nerved flowers, inner valve with —
1nerve, the outer with 3; culm rather weak and compressed? _
leaves flat and smooth, stipula obsolete, softly bearded. a
Ons. Culm simple, about 18 inches high; leaves few, rather .
; long, flat, and smooth, a little asperate on the margin; panicle
+. about 4 or 5 inches long, simply branched near the base, run- i
Cred ang. out almost into a raceme above; flosculi closely imbricated, 3
outer valve 3-nerved, truncate at wee pany St
mina 3, short; styles slender, simply pennate. oasis
mel Ss \ Briza virens? Walter. Flor. Car. 79. :
eens Closely allied to the B. Eragrostis, (Poa wchainaiens but a4
Boot readily distinguished by its unbranched, weak, and compressed _
, stem, the length of its leaves, which are not involute and rigid,
: the scattered few-flowered panicle, and particularly the obtuse
a * points of the flower glumes, and lastly by the calix, in which.
‘- the larger valve is 3-nerved, and conse eaety similar to.
: corolla, while the calix glumes of the Poa meg
_each-but a single nerve, a character which not

= from the pean speee, bens

68 - ‘TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA.

28. reptans. Ambiguous species—29. melicoides.f. 30.
Airoides.+

Of the 78 species of this genus in Persoon, there are
, 28 in Europe, the rest in North America, Barbary, India,
“the tropical islands of America, a few species at the Cape
of Good Hope, and some in the isle of New Zealand. As
yet there are only 2 species described as growing in the
whole continent of South America.

A genus of the utmost importance # agriculture.

97. BRIZA. L. (Quaking-grass
Calizx 2-valved, many-flo red. Spikelets

: grostis, in which the larger valve of t e x is also 3-nerved,
similar to the corolla.
Has. Collected in the neighbourhood of Philadelphia, by Dr.

_ ‘W. Barton, professor of Botany.

¢ Panicle small, composed off-a few simple racemes; calix
enecpials obtuse, shorter than thé corolla, 2 or 3-flowered; flow-
ers-oblong-obovate, obtuse, nerved, connected to the rachis by
a tomentose villus; culm long and slender; leaf short, smooth,
aos Picnueted
_ Aira melicoides, Mich. A. triflora? Ex,

$ Culm 4 or 5 feet high, erect, leaves with very long sheathes,
; ute; panicle erect, attenuated; branches semiverti-
capillary; spikelets oblong, obtuse, nearly ses-
rt peduncles, 4 to 6-flowered; calix very un-
.n the corolla; flowers distinct, somewhat cy-

) shining, purplish, scariose, and often lacerate at
int ‘obsoletely 5-neryed, inner valve scabrous on the

AB: In depressed situations around the Mandan vi on
the Missouri. v.v-

Scarcely distinct from Poa distans, except in habit; being 4
5 feet high igh; with leaves sometimes embracing the culm for
‘inches, scabrous on the margin, acute, and scarcely more

uated. the br capillary, loose, but erect, never re-
= ich characters it differs from the P.
, and does not at ali agree with Curtis’s figure. It is
_ those ambiguous grasses, which, (like the P. distans
ira aquatica now considered the same plant,) combines

pe me ithas the artificial character of Paa,
te Vetiucing © Sy? and a6 tows

thas an inch, or an inch and # half long. The panicle is also* — a

TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA, > ie

distichous, valves ventricose, cordate, obtuse;
interior valve minute,

Flowers usually in capillary panicles; spiculi, generally
nodding and tremulous. A genus nearly allied to Poa.

Spectres. 1. B. Canadensis.t virens? ;

There are but 8 species of this genus described by ©
Persoon; of which, besides the above, there are in Eue
rope 4 species, 1 in India, 1 at Montevideo, ( South Ame-
rica), and 1 confined to the Cape of Good Hope. Three of
the European species are also common to the Cape.

98, UNIOLA. : 4 :
Spikelets many-flowered, ovate, compressed,
ancipital, Caliax of 3 to 5 glumes. Corolla 2-—
valved, awnless; interior valve smaller. Stam-

* . “ eh
ma 1 to 3, Nectarium 2 leaved. emarginate.
Stigmata long, muricate. Seed ovate, com-
pressed, — _ sue
_ Panicle various; in U. Spicata nearly a simple racemes _
in U. latifolia the spiculi are very large and tremulouss
as in the European species of Briza; in the U. gracilis the
spikelets are only 3-flowered, in the other species the
spiculi have 7 to 10 flowers, in U-. spicata sometimes aS
Many as 15, and the corolia glumes often numerously
nerved. This genus, apparently intermediate betwixt
Poa and Festuca, is readily distinguished by its large,
flat spikelets, and abortive flowers, both at the base and —
extremity of the spike, hence described as having a calix
of more than 2 valves; though in the U. spicata, referred
to Festuca by Michaux, there is seldom more than that

+ Culm erect, thick and leafy. Leaves flat, attenuated, from
6 to 12 inches Jong, smooth; stipula truncate. Panicle semiver-
ticillate, rather long, loose, and erect, branches decompound, __
coarctate, racemiform; pedicells capillary, flexuose. Spiculi
cunnate-oval, obtuse, 4 to 6-flowered. Calix very small, nerves
less. Flosculi turgid obovate, prominently 7:nerved, terete,
sometimes purplish at the point; Inner valve concave, flat, large -
as the outer, with an indurated nerved margin, inflected, and
extended a little beyond the edge of the outer valve; nerves
somewhat scabrous. Stamens generally 2, not exserted? Styles -
short; stigmata plumose. ges He

Haw In as and Pennsylvania. Scarcely belon
this genus; apparently connecting Poa and Briza.

©

Re ee
* : aid

»

ro. TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA.

number. The perisporium appears almost precisely the
same as that of many species of Festuca. ~

Species. 1. U. paniculata. 2. spicata, 3. latifolia. 4. nit-
da. 5, gracilis. (An American genus )

99. *WIN DSORIA.+
Calix carinate, many-flowered, 2-valved;
_valves rather large, scariose, uninervial, acute
or ecuspidate. Spikelets thick: flowers closely ©
incumbent, and distichally imbricated; nerves of
the dorsal: valve mucronate, with intermediates’

»

2 intermediate teeth, inner valve with 2 setaceous pons,
smooth.) 2. ambigua, (Poa ambigua, EuniottT:) Panicle
small, naked, ramuli nearly simple, alternates spikelets
ovate, thick, sessile, 5 to 6-flowered, dorsal valve 5-tooth-
_ ed, interior valve deeply impressed, smooth. In both
ona these species the stigmas are purple and plumose.
‘This genus appears to be considerably allied to Bro-
* mus, possessing, however, much more the habit of Pea.

“fIn respect to my earliest Botanical friend, John Win

a popular S h Be yinas I SES as
a $e Th; &. = +y AD a | cecels tanist, not ur os *

oe : ts . ent of the Linnzan se, = otal “ahs 3 ee | 4 -

: ‘ ar CO ntributor to his cc a ote umbi though not

=

ad

fr

- TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 71

From Danthonia of Decandolle, (Festuca dec ns,
Lin.) it is scarcely distingishable except by hab — pro-
_ ducing in both species a spreading and ramified panicle,

with a culm of 3 or 4 feet elevation, in place of a simple .
raceme, and a culm of 6 inches or a foot, it is aiso desti- —
tute of the large folliculose calix of Danthoma, whichin-
cludes, and indeed exceeds in length all the fléscu- —

li of the spikelet. he cal\x of Wiudsoria is, however,
larger than the glumes of tne coroila, taken singly, and
aisv of a very different structure, but the spikelet is at
the same time about twice ihe lengih of the calix.

100. DANTHONIA,. Decandolle.

Calix 2-vaived, many flowere” very large,
equal to or exceeding the in cuded spikelet. —
Exterior valve of the corolla concaye, with the
points emarginate, mucronate, awned, or un-

armed and then trifid,

Small grasses, producing for the most part, a simple
raceme of spikelets, (usually from 4 to 13); calix conflu-

enuy nerved, foiliculose, exceeding or-equaling the spike.
le(; spiculi from. 4 to 9 Soutred: ascae valve acute or
acuminate, (not obtuse or almost tryncated as in Wind-
soria,) bifid, with a central, membfanaceous, and fiat-

tened awn, contorted at the base, br simply trifid, (ne-

ver quadrifid or 5-toothed); inner valve ciliate.
Species. 1. D. spicata, (Avena spicata, L.) Culm abouta
foot high, slender, erect, decumbent at the first and second
node; leaves subulate, short, those of the root often hairy
on the upper surtace; stipula obsolete, cihate; raceme
simple, or subdivided near the base; spikelets 4 to 9; calix
longer than the spikelet, confluently S-nerved, convex, —
acute, with scariose purple maryins; fluscuh 6 or 7; ower —
valve oval, convex, acuminate, setaceously bifid, with an —
intermediate, flat, exserted, smooth awn, discoloured and
concorted at its base, obsoletely,many-nerved, nerves pili-
_ferous, margin scariose; inner vaive deeply appressed, cr-
liate, styles sessile, simply plumose, s > white; pe-
_ Fisporium 2-leaved, obtuse. eee ae ;
Tisis species is very nearly allied to Bromus.
2. *sericea. Culm erect; raceme compounded, branc
2 and 3-fowered; spikelets 9 to 13, 8 and 9-flow
‘somewhat shorter than the Calix; corolla valves
equal, outer lanceolate, densely villous on
‘setosely bifid at the point, with a central

=

&

72

~ ¢umbens and Avena calycina, of Europe.

TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA.

Avena spicata, ELL10 TT, p. 174. ;

Culm erect, often more than 2 feet high, nodes distant.
Leaves short, flat, and subulate, smooth or pubescent on
the under side; sheath very long, sometimes hairy: st-
pules a minute, silky fringe, with 2 lateral hairy tufts,
Panicle 2 or 3 mches long, branches several, (3 or 4) 2
and 3-flowered. Calix striate, scariose (as in Avena), lon-
ger than the spikelet. Corolla, dorsal valve oblong-lanceo-
late, with a long shining villus particularly conspicuous
along the margin, terminating in 2 setaceous points nearly

its length, awn contorted, and discoloured at the base,

more than twice the length of the valve, and (seen through
aliens) scabrous; inner valve about L-./f the length of the
outer, distinctly ciliate as in Bromus. :

From Carolina to Florida. Closely allied but yery dis-
tinct from D- spicata, particularly in the panicle, and the
conspicuous silky villus of the corolla, as well as theform
and proportion of the valves. ‘These 2 species are scaTce-
ly congeners with the Danthonia decumbens; they appeal _
to form a distinct genus, approximating to Bromus.

Yo this genus are referred by Decandolle Festwea de

at
i

_ 101. FESTUCA, L. (Fescue-grass.)

Calix 2-valved, many-flowered, Spikelets

compressed, distichal, acute at either extremi-
_ ty. Unter valve of the corolla entire, generally
~ terminating in an awn. + Seed growing to the

corolla.” ScHRADER.

Culm paniculate, rigid, or flexuose and expanding,
spikelets erect. or nodding; flowers sometimes awnless,
mostly terete, inner valve of the corolla with a smoot

“margin. Nectarium “ of 2 ovate-lanceolate acute leaflets,
gibbous at their base, or of 1 rather concave horizon

notched leaf?’ Scureper. Seed oblong, slender, acute at
_ each end, marked with a longitudinal furrow. — erate
Species. 1. spicata. Panicle spiked after the manner
of Uniola spicata, to which it is nearly related, spikelets _

rather large, about 5-flowered: glumes of the calx-and

103. DACTYLIS. L. (Orchard- -grass.) —

one of the valves larger, and carinates rent
~ what awned. Corolla 2- valved.—S;
gregate and capitate.

TRIANDRIA, DIGYNTA. TS:

echoirhahiy naked, rather compressed, asperate above,
with 3or4 broad. flat leaves near the ba-e, from 3 to 4
feet high, terminating in an almost simple, few-flowered
raceme. Leaves about a foot and a half long, near three
quarters of an inch wide, with the sheath a little pubes-
cent. Spikelets compressed, flowers divaricate. Calix
extremely unequal, valves acute, 2 to 5-flowered. Exte-
rior valve of the corolla somewhat coriaceous, and much
longer than the calix; inner valve much shorter than the
outer. Seed partly coated, with an indurated, cartilagi-
nous-arillus.—Considerabty allied to Uniela gracilis, 8. ~
grandifiora 9. fluitans. 10. Potoides. 11. Unioloides. 12.
nutans. 13. parvifora, FLULIo TT.

The genus Festuca is almost peculiar to Europe and

North America; a few species exist in Barbary, (Africa)
and in Northern Asia.

302. BROMUS. L. (Brome-grass.)

Calix 2-valved, many flowered. Spikelets ob-

long, distichal. Outer vaives of the corolla of-
ten bifid at the point, and awned below the
Sumunit; interior glume pectinately ciliate.

The habit of this genus is entirely similar to the pre-
ceding: the spikelets are, however, generally more or less —
terete and tumid; the valves of the corolla often furnished
with a scariose mar gin, and in the imer valve, the flexures_
of the hefves are ciliate; in many species the panicle is
nutant, and in same the seed so large as to haye been —
cultivated for the use of horsesand other cattle. | “5

Species. 1. B. secalinits. 2. mollis, (both introduced) 3.
purgans. In this species, the leaves; which are alternate, _
‘approach so near to each oiher as to appear almost sd a
cial. 4. ciliatus. 5. altissimus, Pursu. Near Fort Man- |
dan, on the Missouri, very large; scarcely distinct from the
B. canadensis of Micuavx?

This genus is chiefly confined to Europe, and Barbary %
in Africa, there are also, 2 species in South America.

Calix 2-valved, many-flowered, compress $$

SPECIES. J D. spades (Introduced:
Hw

74

TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA.

The genus Dactylis, as it now stands in Persoon, ap-
Pears to exist chietiy in the miider regions of Africa, the
Cape of Good Hope, and Barbary; there are also 2 or 3
species in India. These species appear, however, to pos-
sess little or no affinity with the J. g/omerata of Europe.

104. KOELERIA. Persoon.

Caulix irregularly 2 or 3 flowered, 2-valved, |

_ valves compressed-carinate.. Corolla acuminate-

oblong, 2 valved, shorily awned, longer than
the calix, glumes nervose. (Spike composed of
compressed spikelets, often pubescent and sub-
_ sessile.) —

Flowers in a simple lobed spike, almost as in Phile-
um; spikelets crested; calhx 2 or move flowered, resem-
bling Daciylis glemerata, to which some of the species of

_ this genus are nearly allied.

Species 1. K.cristata. 2.*nitida. Spike elongated, lob-
ed; lobes crowded, appressed, approximate; spikeiets ob-
long-ovate, smooth. and awnless, lower 2-floweredj-up-
per 3, both with an additional setaceous rudiment; pedi-
cells very short, and with the leaf and sheath somewhat
pubescent; stipule hairy.

_ Oss ©)? Culm about a span, smooth, and striate; leaf
very short, sheath long, spike about 2 inches; spikelets,

greenish, sczriose, shining, compressed; calix unequal, ca-

-rinate, acute; larger valve linear-obiong, smooth, (through
a lens) cil.ate on tne keel; coroila similar to the calix, in-

_ ner valve included in the outer.
On the plains of the Missouri, vv. Very nearly allied

105

ee

to the .4ira cristata of Smith, and in the structure of its
flowers io the Dactylis glomerata! : y :

This genus, now containing § species, indigenous to

Europe, to North America aid Barbary, though perfectly

» 1S Not at present sufficiently defined, except by

habit; at the same time it ought never to bave been con-
~ founded with Poa, with ira, or Avena.

. AVENA. L. (Oiit-grass.)
Calix 2-valved, 2, 3, or many-flowered, Co-

* rolla, exterior valve lanceolate, somewhat te-
rete, furnished with a dorsal awn. Awn geni-
culate, and contorted. « Seed for the most part

ee

TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. © 7S

_ invested by the corolla.” Scuraper. (Glumes
of the calix membranaceous, resembling folli-
cles.) !

Flowers in'spreading or contracted panicles, valves of
the corolla often becoming coriaceous. -

Species. 1. 4. pensy’vanica 2. palustris, (nearly allied
to the genus ira.) 3. striata. 4. mellis.

Of this gents there are many species in Europe, in Bar-
bary, and at the Cape of Good Hope. A single species ©
has been found at the extremity of South America.

106. ARUNDO. L. (Reed.)

Calix 2-valved, many-flowered. Corolla
smooth, surrounded at the base by a long vil-
lous wool.

Subaquatic: cnlm tall, in some species perennial; pani-
cle large, diffusely branching; calix 2 to 5-flowered; ge-
nerally long, smooth, and membranaceous, with flowers
of nearly the same form, alternately aggregated, often
shortly and straightly awned, and always surrounded at _

- the base with a persistent, conspicuous villous involu-
crum. The genus 4Arundo is nearly related to Suecharwn,
but in the latter the calix, instead of the corolla, is sur- _
rounded by a villus.

Species. 1. 4. Phragmites. 2. atroides. ;

The genus Arundo, exists.in Europe, in Barbary, in In- —
da, and North America. The 4. Donax, and A. mauri- —
tanica of Algiers, are shrubs, and the latter is there ;
use of to construct hedges for gardens. i ae

tttt Flowers collected into spikes: common recep- |
tacle mostly scrobiculate, Pes

107. ELEUSINE. Gertner. Lamark.

Spikes digitate —Flowers awnless, disposed

on one side of the rachis (or receptacle.) Calia —

carinate, many-flowered, dorsal valve larger,

5 to 9-nerved. Corolla 2-valved, awnless. (Flow-

ers ail hermaphrodite.) Soe

Sow decumbent grasses, growing in the sands of the —
sca-coast, or in arid wastes. Culm simple, many from the

same root, terminated by digitate clusters

+ tig:

TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNTA.

spikes; spikelets many-Hflowered, (5 or 6) ovate, or Ian-
ceolate, somewhat resembling those of Poa, but more
compressed; valves of the calix and corolla similar, and
nearly equal, persistent; outer valve of the calix about 9-
nerved, seed 3-sided, arillate, gibbous, transversely ru-
gose, and grooved on one side. (Character trom E. Jn-
dica.)

Species. 1. E. Indica.

‘The very few genuine species of this genus are found —
in India, Barbary, and North America. The Cynosurus

durus of Europe, is also referred to this genus by La-
mark, :

108..*OXYDENIA.+

es

Spikes paniculate, filiform; spiculi 3 to 4-

flowered, alternating on a l-sided racnis.—
Common calix 2-valved, subulately acuminate,
longer than the flosculi contained, persistent;
valves uninervial. - Corolla 2-valved, minute,
deciduous, valves obtuse, with or without a ter-

minal awn. Seed roundish, naked, smooth, and
somewhat gibbous,

An American genus of grasses existing chiefly within

the tropics; nearly allied to Eleusine, but producing long
filiform spikes, disposed in panicles; leaves, in some spe-

cies, scattered with glandular hairs; the cahx and flowers
_of different forms, and the jatter decidous with the seed,
which is naked, nearly spherical and smooth.
— Spectres. 1. OQ. *attennata. Panjcle simple, spikes very
long, numerous and attenuated; sumewhat subdivided
near the base; spikelets about 3-flowered; flowers includ-
ed in the culix; leaves fiat, subulate at the point, and with
the sheaths scattered with glandulous hairs.
Eleusine mucronata? Mire. p. 62. Pursn, 1. p. 87-
HtLiorr, b. p.175. ie

— Root annual. Culm eeesk round, 2 to 3 feet high.

_ Leaves 8 to 12 inches long, 3 to 4 lines wide, slightly

hairy, the sheath more conspicuously so towa:ds the
nodes; the pubescence exuding a viscous and somewhat
acid fluid; panicle simple, 12 to 18 inches long; spikes
numerous, (30 or 4) filiform, alternate, 3 to 5 inches
Jong, a little subdivided near the base; calix about 3-flow-

Ff From Zug, acid, and adnv, a gland; because the pubest
cence exudes an acid fluid. eae

ce ee

= TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 77

ered, valves linear, subulate, awnless, each with a single
nerve, larger than the flosculi; corolla valves, small, ovate,
obtuse, smooth, the outer 3-nerved, the inner 2. Stamens
and styles very short, purple.
On the banks of the Missisippi, near New Orleans.
This is probably the Eleusine mucronata of Mr. Elliott;
: but he remarks that the glumes of the corolla are hairy,
and the stipules bearded, neither of which particulars ap-
pear to exist in the present plant. As the valves of the ca-
lix are not mucronate it cannot but be improper to apply
“i Michaux’s name to this species, which may be probably
distinct. To this genus belongs the Eleusine filiformis of
Persoon, growing in the tropical regions of America, and
nearly allied to the present species, having also the same
kind of glandular pubescence, and we may probably add
the Eleusine virgata of Jamaica. -

109. CHLORIS. Swartz.

Flowers polygamous. Spikes digitate, uni-

_lateral._—Calix 2-valved, 2 to 4-flowered; valves

carinate, with er without an awn; (flowers dis-
Similar, the aboriive florets pedicellate.)

: The habit of this genus is similar to Eleusine, but the |
fertile flowers, particularly in C. petrea are coriaceous,
and gibbously carinated, so as to appear transversely seat-
ed in the calix; the flower glumes when in seed, greatly —
exceed the calix in length, and are of a dark brown co-
lour, the hermaphrodite terminated by a short cusp, the —
neuter or male flower being inflated and obtuse, likethe —
rudiment in Melica; the outer valve of the calix from its —
emargination, has a cuneate obcordate appearance, with —
the middle nerve terminated by a short awn; the seed is’
naked, triquetrous, and smooth. . :

Species. 1. € petrea. 2. mucronata. In this species
the flowers are also transversely seated in the calix, but
not distinetly coriaceous; the seed is very unequally 3-
sided, scubrous, naked, and compressed. This structure
of the seed appears to indicate some atfinity to Eleusine

- Indica, but the habit is widely distinct. eg se

110. ATHEROPOGON. Muhlenberg.
Flowers polygamous, in unilateral spikes.—

'
|
4

Calix 2-yalved, 2-flowered, inner valve almost
setifurm. Hermaphrodite corolla 2-val

=

-

-78 TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

terior valve. tridentate or $-awned, interior bi-
dentate. «Neutral corolla of 1 valve, with 3 ex-

serted awns, Seed naked, oblong, compressed,
with a longitudinal furrow. ~

Spikes alternately disposed in a long or short raceme, ~
definite or numerous; glumes by pairs, opposite, appear-
ing pectinate; rachis acuminated beyond the spikes; valves
of the calix narrow, rigid, mucronate, of a bluish purple,
persistent. Nerves of the corolla mucronate or awned;
awns short, longest in the neutral flower, 2 of the 3 neur-
ly unconnected, arising from the base of the neutral valve.
Anthers 3, linear, fulvous. Styles 2, filiform, siigma plu-
mose. (A genus nearly allied to Ses/eria.)

Species. 1. A. apludoides, ( Chloris curtipendula, Mic.
Cynosurus secundus? Pursh, Appendix, p. 728.) Spikes
short, numerous, (30 or 40) reflected downwards, alter-
nately disposed upon. a long raceme, each containing
from 4 to 10 glumes, disposed by pairs upon a compress-
ed rachis, mucronately terminated; outer valve of the ca-
lix oblong lanceolate, rigid, shortly mucronate, without
pubescence, generally with a single cartilaginous nerve,
which is a little hispid, (seen through a lens); inner valve
adhering to the rachis, nearly the length of the outer,
very narrow, I-nerved, resembling a bristle. Corolla
smooth, outer valve of the hermaphrodite 3-toothed, in-
ner 2. Neutral flower of one folded valve, 3-awned, the
central awn e: ed beyond the calix, the 2 others in-
cluded, arising nearly from the base of the valve, (im-
properly considered, and described by Michaux, as the
rudiments of 2 other flowers.)—This grass begins to ap-
: in the Western parts of Pennsylvania, and continues
‘to be met with through Ohio, Hlinois, Louisiana, and up
the Missouri, prebably to its sources. Like the Sesleria
cerulea, it appears to be confined to calcareous soil.
2. A. *oligestachyum. Spikes 2 or 3, nearly terminal,

many- flowered; calix and corolla pilose; outer valve of the
corolla distinctly 3-awned, the 2 lateral awns shorter, aris-
ing near the mid@le of the valve; neutral valye 3-awned.
On the plains of the Missouri with the above. Common.

Cuim round, filiform, nearly naked, or with a single
leaf, 8 to 12 inches high, smooth and erect. Leaves very
short, smooth, and subulate, stipule and base of the spikes
shortly bearded. Spikes 1, 2, or 3, about an inch long,
ally curved backwards, unilateral, compressed, and
_ pectinate, the second spikes bibracteate, rachis semite-

rete. Glumes in a double row, opposite; each 2-Aowereds

ee

RS
12 we tl

t

TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. eg.

calix bluish-purple, exterior valve lanceolate, mucronate?
with a-single nerve; the nerve beset with a few scattered
bairs arising from so many tubercles; inner valves shorter;
very narrow. Corolla, outer valve lanceolate, carinate, 3-
awned, piiose along the margins of the nerves, and at the
base; inner valve smooth, shortly bi-cuspidate. Neutral
flower l-valved, obtuse, with 3 awns, and pubescent at
the base.

This species, though certainly a congener of the pre- _
ceding, is very cons:derably allied to Chloris, appearing
to unite that genus and Ses/eriu, agreeing partly with the
latter in the structure of the flowers, and with the former
in its habitus. (A North American genius )

111. MONOCERA. Elliott.

Flowers polygamous, disposed by 2 rows, in
an unilateral pectinate spike.—Calix 2-valved,
rigid, fixed, many-flowered; valves unequal, the
inner yery small, the outer obtusely carinate,
and cuspidate, sending out an horizontal awn
above the middle, tuberculate at its base. Flow-
ers within the common calix, 3 to 4, neuter,
and 1 hermaphrodite; the upper neutral rudi-
ments pedicellate, awnless, the lowest neutral”
flower sessile, with along awn: hermaphrodite
2-valved, with a 3d. accessory valve, dorsal
valves awned; awns all arising below the sum-

- Mit, unequal, and erect.
Culm pubescent, erect, and solid, terminated by a sin
gle recurved, appressed spike; calix smooth, nerves glan-
dul ferous; corolla membranaceous, sessile flowers villous
at the base and midway along the margin, awned from
_ below the summit. The whole plant aromatic when
bruised; aroma gramineous, (resembling Anthoxcanthum
Odorutum, Holeus odoratus, Ec.) : oe
Species. 1, MW. aromatica. ( Chloris monestachya, Micu.
1. p. 59.) : i
Culm terete, 3 to 4 feet high. Leaves long, glabrous
below, seabrous ahove; stipules hairy. Spike terminal,
solitary, one-s:ded, spikelets opposite, in‘2 rows. Rachis
semi-cylindric, margined; receptaculum grooved. Calix
rigid, fixed, 2-vaived, attached toa callous tubercle at its
base; outer valve oblong-lanceolate, muc 2, a litthe ob-
~ lique, obtusely carinate, S-nerved, with a je1

80 TREANDRIA. DIGYNTA.

branaceous margin on one side, and a lateral tooth on the
other, lateral nerves set with 2 rows of globular resinous
glands, the central one, a little pubescent, (seen through
a lens) sending out from above the middle, a straight,
horizontal awn, tuberculate at its base! rigid, and inclined
fnwards; inner valve acute, l-nerved, awnless, about one
fourth the length of the outer valve. Flosculi deciduous,
various, 4 or 5, valves lanceolate, membranaceous, cari-
nate, 3 or 4 neutral, only 1 hermaphrodite, flowers all bi-,
valved; fertile and lowest neutral sessile flower villous on
the margin about mid-way, the lowest florets also villous
at the base; the perfect flower sheathed by an auxiliary
valve similar to that of the corolla; sessile dorsal valves
all awned below the summit, that of the lowest neutral
floret the length of the valve; awns straight: terminal neu-
tral florets pedicellute, smooth, uppermost very small] and
entirely awnless. Stamens 3. “ Styles 2, shorter than the
corolla. Stigmas plumose, purple. Nectaries 2, abovate,
shorter than the germ.” ELtirotr, Seed arillate, trun-
cate at the apex, oblong, subtriquetrous, smooth, corcu-
lum merely attached to the separated farinaceous periS-
perm.—(Seen persistent in winter, and in a dried state with
Dr. Baldwin, of Savannah.) .

Although I have not been able, with Mr. Elliott, to ob-
serve a 3-valved calix in this singular grass, there still
: appears to be sufficient reason to separate it from any ge-
hus which can include the Chloris petrea, and C. mucro-
2 nata. The form and character of the calix, the singular

abortion of the flosculi, in which one side of the spikelet

is neutral, the membranaceous consistence of all the

valves, a large sessile accessory valve or single glumed

__ rudiment applied to the dorsal valve of the only herma-

_ phrodite flower, and the awns all arising from beneath

the summit of the valves, are circumstances combined

which perhaps no other known genus possesses.

It exists only, with many other North American plants,

in the primitive maritime soil, and in depressed situations.

Its glandulous aroma is so powerful as to create pun-
_ gency on being masticated.

112. MANISURIS. Z. |
Flowergpolygamous, spiked.—Hermaphrodite
_ Calix 1-flowered, 2-valved, valves unequal, ex-
= terior coriaceous, roundish, the base emarginate
_ on eithey side, Corolla 2-valved, smaller, in-

’

ee

oo opti

TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA, Ft

cluded by the calix. Masculine and neutral ca-
lix, uniform or regular,
’ - Flowers imbricated in an articulated, unilateral, com-
pressed rachis; the masculine and hermaphrodie flowers
intermixed.
Species. 1.©M. granularis. (Onthe sea-coast of Caro-
lina and Georgia. Micu.)
_ A genus of India and America within the tropics, con-
sisting of 2 species,

113. LEPTURUS. R. Brown, (RoTBoLut1A, spe-
cies, Willd.)

Flowers polygamous, spiked. Rachis articu-
lated, filiform; articulations single-flowered.—
Caiix fixed, or growing to the rachis, 1 or 2-
valved, the valve simple, or biparted.

With the precise characters of this genus, as described

by Mr. R. Brown, I am unacquainted, but satisfied with
the propriety of separating planis of such dissimilar ha-
bits, as bave been hitherto referred to Aosbollia, 1 have
ventured to give it, however imperfectly.

Spectres. 1. UL. *paniculatus. Rachis incurved, com-
pounded, acutely triangular, branches and summit flower- —

aring; spikes on one side, subulate, compressed, unila-
teral; calix 2-valved, acuminate, 1-Howered; flowers all
hermaphrodite, 2-valved. :

Ogs. Annual. Culm scarcely a foot high, roundish,
compressed, leaves short, rigid, sheathing the base of
the panicle; panicle or naked rachis, slender, rigid, angu-
lar, bearing 6 to 10, compressed, subulate, spikes on one
side, not soluble or fragile at the articulations, each 1 or
2 inches long; flowers remote, on one side of the rachis.
Calix rigidly fixed, of 2 unequal parallel valves closing
‘the scrobiculum; flower 2-valved, the exterior valve re<
sembling the calix, the interior membranaceous.

On dry saline plains, near Fort Mandan, on the Mis-

souri. Flowering in June- ; :

114, *ANTHOPOGON.} (AxpRorocon ambi-

3
guum, Mich.) . 3: ee
Flowers polygamous, irregularly alternating
e Ras as “<
{> From ayéos, a flower and Rayevy, a beard. ae
rudiment going out into a long awn, aes

#

~

ge... :- TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

npon setaceous spikes disposed in a panicle.—
Calixc 2-valved, 2-flowered, one of the flowers
in the furm of an abortive pedicellate seta,
valves rigid, subulate, and unequal, growing to
the impressed angular rachis. Corolla, herma-
phrodite, 2-valved, outer valve terminated by
along and straight awn. © Neutral rudiment
pedicellate, of one minute valve going out into

anawn. Seed linear-oblong, internally marked
with a longitudinal furrow,

Allied to the genus Lepturus, of Mr. R. Brown; differ-

ing, however, much in habit, and considerably in charac-
ter, but destitute of all affinity with Andropogon.

Species. 1. .2. Leptursides. Root perennial. Culm 18

inches to 2 fvet, decumbent at the base, upwards assur-

gent and erect, leafy, with short and numerous articula-

tions. Leaves short, (1 and a half to 2 inches long) ovate-

‘lanceolate, very acute, smooth, flat, rigidly spreading»

and distichally approximate, perceptibly nerved on the

under side, and exquisitely striate, near half an inch

broad; shexths bearded externally at the summit, stipula

obliterated. Panicle subverticiilate; spikes or racemes

numerous (20 io 30) simple, setaceous, and very long, (4

to 6 inches;) rachis angular, scabrous. Flowers inter-

. Fupted, approximating towards the extremities, appressed

to the rachis. Calix 2-valved, 2-flowered, (one of the flow-

ers always imperfect and neutral,) growing to the rachis,

Persistent, vaives unequal in length, very narrow, cari-

nate, rigid and pungentiy subulate, each with a single

nerve; the inner valve shorter, appressed to superficial

depressions in the rachis;.rachis and calix purplish, €o-

rolia bermaphrodite, 2-valved, dorsal valve hnear lanceo-

late, obtusely carinate, 3-nerved, terminated by a slender,

Straight, scabrous awn, nearly 3 times its own length, a

Py ~ Nittie villous on the margin, and at the bases inner valve

> flat, membranaceons, 2-nerved, acute Nesnti¥ fadiment

_ pediceliate, very minute, l-valved, with an awn somewhat

longer than the pedicell. Stamens 3, exserted. Styles 2;

“stigma plumose, Seed naked, linear-oblong, with a de-

sed furrow on the imner side, and an obtusely angular
ridge on the other. . ies
__On the banks of the Potomac, near Harper’s Ferry,
Virginia, and in the pine barrens of Carolina and Georgia.
This plant is in many respects very closely allied to

sd

ite re #

TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 85

Lepturus *paniculatus, and ought perhaps to be united
with that genus as a subgeneric section.

115, ROTBOLLIA. L. x

Flowers polygamous. Rachis articulated, cy-
lindric, often filiform; articulations 2 or more
flowered.—Calix ovate-lanceolate, flat, 1 ur 2-
valved. Corolla smaller, 2-valved. .

Spike mostly solitary, terminal; rarely axi!larv, or fasci

culated, in a panicle. Flowers alternating on a flexuose

or Sinuated rachis. Hermaplrodite calix 1-flowered, 1

or 2-valved; the exterior valve indurated, and cartilagi-
nous, or coriaceous, growing firvily to the rachis, often
emarginate at the base, and closing the depressed sinus

of the joint, or scrobiculum like a lid; the cavity itself
often answering the purpose of a second calicine valve.

+. In this genus there is always more than a single flower

on €xch joint of the rachis, which is fragile. :

Species. 1, 72, dimidiata? On the sea-coast of Carolina
and Georgia. : al

§11 APoconta. Articulations 9-flowered; flowers
awnless; the hermaphrodite sessile, with a 2-valved culix,
the male or neuter pedicellate—Grasses ‘considerably
allied to Andropogon, but with awnless glumes, and col-
lected into cylindric or filifurm spikes upon a scrobicu-
late or alternately excavated rachis.

2. *ciliata. Culm erect, tall; spikes terete, upon long pe-
duncies, pedicellate flowers on one side of the rachis, pe-
dicells and margin of the rachis villous, calix and corolla
each 2-valved. pon

Culm erect, solid, compressed, very smooth, sometimes
with a few scattered hairs near the joints, Jor 4feet high, —
not fragile at the joints, above and oe to the
branches, deeply grooved. Leaves long, very narrow,
subieicie kaa py sharply and conspicuously serrulate
towards the point; sheathes much shorter than the inter-

* nodes; stipules minute, smooth. Axillary branches ter-
minating in a single spike: spikes 4 or 5, more or less, 3
or 4 inches long, subcylindric, a little compressed, with
the pedicellate male or neuter flowers on one side; rachis
slender, flat, and externally villous. fragile at the joints.
Calix 2-valved, 1-flowered; the hermaphrodite sessile, the
masculine or neuter pedicellate; outer valve of the her-
maphrodite calix linear-lanccolate, acute, scabrous on the
Margin, cartilagmous and polished, often minutely bifid

*

84 TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNTA,

or emarginate, inner margin closely inflected, including _
the corolla, and the shorter membranaceous inner valve —
, (almost after the manner of Nardus stricta). Corolla 2-
valved, very thin and membranaceous. Masculine or neu-
tral flower and calix smaller. Stamens 3. Styles 2, brown,

plumose, and exserted. * :
Collected by Dr. Baldwyn, on the sea-coast of Georgia
v. 8. This species has very much the habit, and indeed

the character of Andropagan. ot

3. *rugosa. Culm erect, leafy; spikes cylindric, solitary,
axillary, and proximate; joints of the rachis smooth, sub-
~~ -semicylindric, tumid; outer valve of the hermaphrodite
olla, flower transversely rugose,}3-valved; accessory flower
mostly neuter, upon an emarginated pedicell. epee
Culm erect, tall, smooth, and solid, deeply grooved at
the commencement of the branches. Leaves rather short,
scabrous on the margin and midrib; sheathes compressed,
shorter than the internedes, in the stem leaves nearly
open, and cloven to the base, with membranaceous mar-
gins. Spikes 2 to 3 inches long, axillary, solitary, cylindric,
approximating, furnished with cymbiform sheathes, as in
the genus Andropogen; perfect and imperfect flowers in-
clined to different sides of the spike, the latter pedicel-
Jaie, mosily neuter; flowers and rachis entirely smooth,
: articulations deeply excavated, closed conjointly by the
_' compressed neutral pedicells, and the valve of the perfect
__flewer. Outer valve of the hermaphrodite calix obiquery

: = ovate, acuté, cartilaginous, externally marked with 2 or
transverse rugose elevations, inner valve acute, coriace-
_ ons, covered by the excavated arch of the rachis, and la-
_ terally impressed by the coniiguous pedicell of the neu-
_ ter flower; corolla 3-valved, exterior auxiliary valve, of
neutral rudiment? nearly the length of the calix, proper
_ corolla valves oval obtuse, considerably shorier than the
_ Calix; valves of the neutral calix smoothand even, scarce-
ly 1-tourth the size of those of the perfect flower. Sta-

mens 3. pase 2, very short. a"

2 gyre Collected by Vr. Baldwyn, on the sea-coast of Florida.
=. & This species appears to be Jess allied to Jnidropo-
gon by character than the former, but possesses at the
same time much of the habit of that genus, having axil-
_ lary pedicellate, solitary spikes, of which there are fre-
— guently 2 in the same sh-ath of the leaf; each of the
spikes are also partly closed in a proper spathose acu-
minate leat with membranaceous margins. This species
appears to be very considerably allied, to the BR fascicu-
_ ata, of Desfontaines as figured and’ described mm the

el i tenk errr) a bist
®

TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 85

Flora Atlantica. ‘To the present section of this genus ap-
| pertains the #. hirsuta of Egypt, and the &. Coalora-
chis of the isle of Tanna in the Pacific. The R. monan-
dra of Spain, appears to be almost an Andropogon, from ©
\ the diagnosis. ‘
The genus Rotbollia, though not numerous in species,
: appears to have been dispersed upon every known sea-

. coast; they are found upon all the coasts of Europe, of

Northern Africa, of America, of India, and of Australia,

as well as upon the remotest shores of the latest disco-

vered islands in the Pacific.

116. TRIPSACUM., L. ms

Masculine calix 2-valved, 2-flowered. Corolla
*2-valved, membranaceous, imperforate at the
base. Female calix 1-flowered, 2-valved, ex-
terior valve indurated, resembling an involu- —
crum of one leaf, with 2 small perforated sinu-
Ses at its base. Corolla valves numerous, very
thin and membranaceous. Styles 2, exserted.
Seed large, ovate, arillate. Ae

Nearly allied to many species of the preceding genus. ~
Flowers monoicous, disposed in spikes, which are ag on
or aggregated, upper ones masculine, brought together
by pairs, each 2-flowered; female calix 2-valved, the exte-
rior valve indurated, firmly closing the scrobiculum, but

perforated by 2 small sinuses at its base, and an emargi- _

’ nation, or bifid apex for the egress of the styles whichare

plumose and exserted; valves of the corolla inyolate, mMem-

branaceous, about 6, extremely thin, 4 of the ably

rudiments of flowers which are constantly.

want of space. Seed large, roundly ovate,

somewhat gibbous. Perisperm large, corneot

rinaceous; corculum laterally attached, naked. — :

pay rium of the male flowers 2-leaved, truncate and emargi-

nate. a

: sa Species. 1. T. dactyloides. On the sea-coast, and also

in the vast prairies of the western states. Z. Collins, _

Esq. informs me of its €xistence near the banks of the

Schuylkill, 25 miles above Philadelphia 2. monostachyon.

_A North American genus, PS ee get “ 2

117. ZEGILOPS. L.

Cali lateral, 2-valved, mostly 3-flowe

.

vg

86 TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA.

valves coriaceous, broad, with many awns;
awns rigid and divergent. Corolla 2 vaiveds
outer valve terminated by 2 or 3 awns.—Flow-
ers spiked, intermediate masculine; lateral, her-
maphrodite, sessile.

Small grasses, allied to Elymus, valves of the calix re-
markably rigid and truncate, deeply divided in.o many
flat and long scabrous awns; valves of the corolla also sl-
milarly divided and awned. : =

| Species. 1.4. *Hystrix. Spike squarrose, with very
long recurved and divergent awns: calix smooth. gene-
rally 4-parted: to the base: segments mosily bifid, un-
equally 2-awned; spikelet about 4 flowered, the 2 mascu~
line or neuter pedicellate, and intermediate; dorsal valve
of the corolla terminated by about 2 or 3 unequal awns.

Considerably allied to Elymus. Culm 4 to 6 inches
high. Leaves scabrous, strate, pungently acute, about
2 inches long. Spike 1 or 2 inches, sheathed at the base.
Richis flexuose, compressed, narrow, articulations dis-
tinct. Spikelets alternate, about 4-flowered, lateral her-
maphrodite flowers 2, sessile; intermediate, pedicellate,
the lower masculine, the uppermost smaller, abortive.
Calix as in Elymus, mostly 4-cleft to the base; segments

usually bifidy striate, divergent, terminating in very long
_-* ‘Unequal awns, exterior awn more than 2 inches, subulate,
: and recurved at an obtuse angle, interior awn shor er and
more slender. Corolla, dorsal valve terminated by a Jong
: wn arising from betwixt two slender and unequal setz;

“inner valve somewhat ciliate, terminated also by 2 short
eap tlary awns.
On the arid plains of the Missouri.

Of this genus there are 2 species in the South of Fu-
~ rope, one of them also common to Barbary, and the other
-» to Candia, there are likewise 2 other species peculiar

"to those two places, :

118, ELYMUS. LZ, (Lyme-grass. Wild-Rye.)
_ Calices lateral, 2-valved, many-flowered, ag-

: -gregated | y pairs, in the manner of a 4-leaved
~ involucrum. Corolla 2-valved. ;

Flowers in simple spi kes, alternately imbricate aed
a common axis; spikelets 2, 4, or re lest ie Sak ge
more rarely by threes in each indenture of the axis; valves
ef the calix or common inyolucrum, very narrow and ri-

amen

TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. ~ sr

gid, often setiform, mucronate or diminishing into a mere
awn. xteror valve of the corolla generally awned.
Species. 1. E. philadelphicus? 2. canadensis, These
ih 2 are probably the same species. 3. glaucifolius. A very
imperfectly defined species, and very nearly allied to
No. 2. 4. villosus. 5. virginicus. 6. striatus. 7. europeus.
—§1r. AsPERELLA. Calix 0. Corolla 2-valved. Exterior
valve larger, mucronate—Humboldt. 9. Hystrix? Spike-
lets 4-flowered; involucrate ealix 0, but corresponding
Callosities in its place. :

_A genus of but few species, existing in Europe, Ame-
rica, Northern Asia (Siberia), and Northern Africa (Bar-
bary). Except in North America, where 8 out of 11 spe-
Cies exist, this genus is confined to the sea-coast. The
£. arenarius, is: one of those grasses which assist in a¥-
resting the progress of moveable sands.

119. HORDEUM, L. (Barley.)

_ Calyces lateral, 2-valved, mostly 1-flowered,
‘ aggregated by threes, so as to resembie a seta- |
ceous 6-leaved involaucram; the central flower
Sessile, the lateral ones stipitate, usually sterile. |
Corolla 2-valved, acute; exterior valve awned,

Very nearly allied both by habit and character to the
preceding genus. Fiowers spiked, imbricated mostly in
2 rows; calycine involucrum setaceous, 6-leaved, divisions _—
Bas approaching by pairs. In the . hexastichon, the flowers —
& -are imbricated im 6 ranks, because all the flowers are
hermaphrodite; probably a mere effect of cultivation.

Species. 1. # vulgare. Cultivated. Flowers all her- |
maphrodite; probably the effect of culture? Still found —
, wild about Margamen in Sicily. 2. *pusiilum. Lateral -
masculine or neutral flowers awnless, acute; four internal
calicine glumes, coriaceous and dilated, those of the her- _
| maphrodite sublanceolate; internal valve of the lateral _
e Masculine flower, subsemi-ovate. : ioe

Culm 4 to 6 inches, decumbent, or somewhat geniculat
at the base. Leaves rather glaucous, a little pubescent on
the under surface, siriate, about one and a half inches
long, and almost obtuse; uppermost sheath tumid and _
very smooth, embracing the spike. Spike linear; about

oe
1384

: one and a half inches long. Glumes by threes, dis-
~ tichelly imbricated. Lateral imperfect flowers awnless,

“acute; centralsessile flower awned, the awn almost ex.
actly the length of that of the subtending

‘

88 _ FRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA:

_ scabrous. Calix smooth, nerveless,-exterior valve in the
outer flowers setaceous fronta its base,the inner Valves ob-
liquely dilated, and rigidly coriaceous, all awned, the in-
ner divisions of the lateral flowers, appearing nearly hae

. Mi-ovate, the central ones sublanceolate, Corolla nerve-

less, the inner valve furnished with a short awn, arising
- from its base. Nearly allied, apparently, to the H. mar?
timum.

On the arid and saline plains of the Missouri.
> . 3. jubatum. On the calcareous islands of Lake Huron
and Michigan, also on the banks of the Missouri.

The genus Hordeum exists chiefly in Europe, e extend-
ing into Northern Africa, and Tartary in Asia. The 2
Species above described are natives of North America,
and the &. jubatum i is also common to Smyrna.

120. SECALE. L. (Rye.) |

Calia 2-valved, valves opposite, or 1-valved
and many-flowered; glumes linear-lanceolate,
smooth, or channelled on either side; exterior
valve terminated by a long awn.— Flowers
spiked, rachis toothed.

Species. 1. S. cereale. Cultivated... No where natu-
ized or eens in the United States. Native in the

“

TRITICUM. L. L. (Wheat.)

Calix 2-valved, solitary, say ibe wered; :

valves parallel to the rachis. Flowers some-

what obtuse, glumes unarmed, or interruptedly

awned. Spikelets rather short, or eating

_ on the sides of a flat rachis.

. Species. 1. T. sativum. Cultivated. of this i impor-
ies there are 3 well known varieties, as o. «sti-

1 Spring-wheat). B. hybernum (autumnal or winter-
t). ¥- durum, with the culm solid, and the seed hard,

affording but little farina. “This worthless variety is -

: the only one cultivated throughout Barbary. The. ihe
? _ place of | this species, as well as the 7° polonicum and 7.
Spelta, c2n now no longer be ascertained; still it appears

2 a sist the 7. sativum deremagale in Egypt, th eee.

mee - Leaves opposite, or verticillate in fours, furnished 1

«

TRIANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. 89

die of agriculture and the arts. With the exception of a
variety of the 7. caninum discovered in South America,
this genus appears almost peculiar to Europe.

122, LOLIUM. LZ. (Darnel.) ; ce
Calix of one leaf, fixed to the rachis, many-
flowered. Flosculi distichally imbricated. Seed
coated by the corolla.—Spike simple.

Specits. 1. ZL. perenne. 2. temuientum. Introduced,
now naturalized. In this genus there are species which
sometimes produce an inner valve, in which case the Lo-
lium approaches very near to Triticum.

Order $.—TRicyNtAa.

123. HOLOSTEUM. Z. . 2

Calix 5-leaved. Petals 5, eroded, or biparted.
Capsule 1-celled, subcylindric, bursting at the
Leaves opposite; flowers axillary and terminal, in di-
chotomous corymbs, in H. wmbellatum, umbellate, some-
times with 4 or 5 stamens, and 4styles. cites
Species. 1. A. succulentum. Probably nothing more
than Arenaria peploides, which grows on the sea coast
of New-Jersey, as this Holosteum cannot now be found.
. A genus of but 5 species, of which there are 2 in the
‘West Indies, 1in Malabar, and another in Europe.

124, POLYCARPON. ZL. | are:
Calix 5-leaved. Petals 5, very short, emar-
ginate and persistent. Capsule ovate, 1-celled,
S-valved.. :

seariose stipules; flowers in a dichotomous. terminal

Srecixi. ‘1. P. tetraphyllum. Around Charleston,
aes Carolina) abundant-—Ex.irorr. Probably intro-

L2

90 TRIANDRIA. TRIGYNIA.

125. MOLLUGO. ZL.

Calix 5-leaved, coloured inside. Corolla 0.
Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved.

" Leaves mostly verticillate; flowers axillary and ter- —

Mninal.
Srecres. 1. ©. verticillata. A genus consisting of 6
species, inhabiting India, Africa, and America,

126. LECHEA. Kalm. L.

Calix 3-leaved. Petals 3, linear. Styles 0,
stigmata 8, plumose. Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved,
with as many other interior valves. Seeds 1 in
each cell.

Herbaceous or suffruticose plants, with the habit of
Linum; leaves alternate or opposite; uncles many-flow-
ered, either axillary or in terminal panicles. Stamens
sometimes 4 or 5. :

Species. 1. ZL. villosa, (L. major, Micu.) 2. minor.
3. racemulosa. 4. thymifolia, 5. tenuifolia.

-An American genus, with the exception of the Z. ver-
cillata of India.

127. ERIOCAULON. ZL. (Pipe-wort.)

Common calix many-leaved, many-flowered;

. = calix superior of 2 or S leaves. — Male

~ flowers central. Coroila monopetalous, cloven.
—Female flowets marginal; corolla of 2 petals.

_ Stigmas 2 or 8 Capsule of 2 or 3 cells, cells
1-seeded.

Scapes angular, sheathed at the base; leaves radical>

| gramineous; flowers imbricated in an hemispherical capi*

tulum within a common calix, (as in Syngenesious plants)»
_ the central flowers masculine, marginal feminine.

_ Srecres. 1. EB. decangulare. 2. gnaphalodes. 3. pellu-
_— cidum, 4, villosum. 5. flaviculum 2
_. & genusconfined to India, Australasia, South and North

America. There is also 1 speciesin Europe. Mr. R. Brown
__ has ascertained about 30 species of this genus, many of
which are indigenous to New Holland. Ge

ei

TRIANDRIA. TRIGYNIA, —6Ot

128. PROSERPINICA. L.

Calix superior, 3-parted, persistent. Corolla
0. Nut triquetrous, 3-celled.

Subaquatic; leaves alternate, under water pif tifid,
above Seoucteta: serrate; flowers axillary, Sede _

Species. 1. P. palustris. 2. pectinata, Probably only
a variety of the preceding.

A genus peculiar to the United States.

CLASS IV.—TETRANDRIA.

A

Order 1.—MonoGyn1ia.
§ I, oVARIUM INFERIOR,
+ Monopetalous.

129, CEPHALANTAUS. L. (Batton-wood.)

Common calix 0; proper superior, small and
angular, 4-cleft. Corolla tubular, slender, 4-
cleft. Stamina exserted; stigma globose. Cap-
sule mostly bipartile, (2 to 4,) 2-celled, 2-seed-
ed; cells semibivalve; exterior valve angular, —
indurated, interior flat and flexile. Seed soli-
tary, sheathed at the apex with a suberose cal-

lus. Receptacle globose, hairy.
A shrub with entife leaves, which are opposite and ter-

_ mate; producing flowers in a pedunculate globose capitu-
dum. Seeds 2 to 4.

Species. 1. C. occidentalis. From Canada to Florida;
near stagnant waters. The bark is considered to be a to-
nic. A variety, or perhaps a distinct species, with pubes-
cent leaves, is said by Dr. Baldwin, to exist near Ricebo-
rough in Georgia. =

Peculiar to North America; but scarcely differing from
the Wauelea of India and Africa, excepting in the number

_of its parts, which are 4 in place of 5. mi

130. DIPSACUS. L. (Teasel.)
Flowers collected into an ovate or roundish

=: capitulum.—Common calia many-leaved, folia-
_ceous. (involucrum): proper superior, of 1 leaf.

Corolla 4-lobed. Receptacle paleacevus, chaff ri-

sid, mostly longer than the flowers. Pappus
cup-shaped.

often connate at ihe base; capitulum terminal.

Species. 1. JD). sylvestris. Introduced; now becoming
naturalized.

A genus indigenous to the South of Europe. The D.
AS sags with hooked chaff is used m dressing woollen
clot

q 181, GALIUM. L. (Bed-straw. Cleavers.)

Calix 4-toothed. Corolla monopetalous, 4-
d clelt, flat. Seeds 2, neagly round.

Smooth or asperate; flowers terminal, often corymbose-
ly paniculate, or axillary. Leaves verticillate. Flowers
rarely 3-clefi, with 3 siamens.

Species. 1. G trifidum. 2. latifolium. 3. uniflorum. 4.
tinctorium. 5. asprellum. 6. Aparine. 7. ulizinosum2. 8,
brachiatum, Pursh. 9. triflorum 10. hispidulum. 11. Ber-
mudianum. 12. pilosum. 13. circezans. 14, boreale. 13.
5 ae Elliott, (with the segments of the corolla cau-

date.

i bss 3 The principal part of this. numerous "genus, exists in

ee. Europe, several are alpine, there aré also species in Sibe-
ria, Barbary, and at the Cape of Good Hope; 7 in Peru,

-. and I at Montevideo; 1 inthe forests of Arabia, described

~ by Forskall, and another ardund the ruins of Jerusalem;
in the isle of Crete there are 2 species with shrubby stems.
Several species of Galium, like the Madder (Rubia tinc-
torum) to which they are nearly allied, afford scarlet or
orange dyes. Of these the G. tinctorium and G. boreale?
are made use of by the aborigines of North America. in
the same manner as the Peruvians 9 the G. a
sum. (V. Flor. Peruv. i. p. 59.)

“138, RUBIA, L. (Madder.)
— < Calix 4-toothed. Corolla campanulate, 4or5_
Cleft. Berries 2, roundish and smooth, single-

seeded. (Stamina 4 or 5.)

: . Habit similar to Galium.
<< Neehaee 1. R. Brownei. From Carolina to Florida. —
gout this genus, besides the above, there are 2

s to the continent of Europe; 1 to ©

Sadi i ‘India, 1 to Minorea, and 2 to

. zs a

- TETRANDRIA. MONOGXNIA. “oe

Herbaceous, prickly or asperate; leaves of the stem

5

4 ETI DRIA. MONOGYNIA.

«. which the-2. cérdifoliais also common to Siberia, China’
~ Japan, and the Cape of Good Hope; in the Isle of Tene-
riffe there exists shrubby species of Rubia.

133. SPERMACOCE. LL.

Calix 4-toothed. Corolla funnel-formed, 4-
cleft. _ Sceds 2, each bideutate.
Flowers axillary, verucillate, more rarely corymbose
or terminally capitate. : :
Species. 1S. tenuior., 2. glabra. 3. Diodina. 4. int
wolucrata. 3 : :
Of this genus there are 6 species in India, and 20 in
North and South Ameties, chiefly within the tropics. The
S. verticiilata is a shrub common to Jamaica and Africa.

134. DIODIA. Gronovius. L.

Calix bifid. Corolla tubular, funnel-formed,
4-cleft. Capsule 2-celled, cells 1-seeded.

Mostly procumbent; rarely scandent; stem herbaceous
or suifruticose, flowers usually solitary and axillary.

Species. 1 D. virginica. 2.tetragona. 3. hirsuta.

An American genus, of which 5 other species are indi-
genous to the West India islands.

135. OLDENLANDIA. L. 8 ™ .
- Calix 4 parted, superior. Corolla 4-cleft, (4-~
- petalled, Persvon.) scarcely tubulose. Capsule —
-2-celled, many-seeded. :,
Mostly herbaceous, many species annual; flowers axil-

lary or terminal, sessile or pedunculate, peduncles 1 or
pene lewerat in some species the flowers are umbel-
_ date. 3

‘TETRANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. | $5

. -
form, 4-cleft. Capsule 2-celled, many-seeded,
half superior, opening transversely.
Flowers terminal, rarely axillary; stem dichotomous,
mostly quadrangular. | oe
_Svecies. 1. H. patens, Ex. (pysilla.) The smallest”
and earliest flowering species of the genus. Leaves pe-
tiolate, ovate, acute, margin and angles of the stem a
little scabrous; segments of the corolla short, rounded,
obtuse. ©.1 to 2 inches high. Flowers saturate blue.
2. cerulea. Smootn: radical leaves ovate, spathulate; stem
dichotomous, peduncles 1-flowered, very long; segments
' of the corolla oblong oval, with acute points. 3. serpylli-
folia. 4. tenella, Pursu. 5.rogundifolia. Peduncles axillary.
6. longifolia, (H. angustifolia, Micu.)

7. *temufolia. Smooth; stem erect, divaricate, extreme-
ly branched; leaves very narrow and linear; ramuli sub-
trichotomous, flowers terminal, subfastigiate, corymbu-

lose, long and setaceously pedunculate.

Stem about 6 inches high, dichotomously subdivided 4
or S5times. Leaves an inch long, scarcely a line wide,
nearly of an equal breadth, and somewhat acute. Pe-
duneies setaceous, from half an inch to 1 inch long. 1 te
3 and 4-flowered. Calix 4-cleft, setaceous Flowers small.
—Near the confluence of Pidgeon river, and the French
Broad, Tennessee, on dry gravelly hills. .

8. purpurea. Flowers subcampanulate, stamens exsert-
ed beyond the tube of the corolla

es With the exception of the splendid Houstonia coccinea,
- of Mexico, this genus is thus far confined 10 the United
States. © .

197, POLYPREMUM. L,

Calix 4 parted. Corolla 4-cleft, rotate, beard-
: ed at the orifice. Stamina included. Capsule”
| compressed, 2-celled, many-seeded.

“Herbaceous, erect, or procumbent, dichotomous; leaves

"Opposite, membranaceously connate; flowers small, di- —
_. chotomal ‘and terminal, each surrounded by a bracteal _
_ involucrum. — 4 ce eas
ss Species. 1. P. procumbens. A genus consisting of
+ bat a single species, peculiar to the United States, and

extending from Virginia to the Gulf of Mexico; nearly al.
allied to Houssonia, differing principally in habit.”
a ee

gS oe meee

'

96 PE TRAND EARS MONOGYNIA,

138. MITCHELLA. oh. (Partridge. berry.)

Flowers by pairs upon the same germ, supe-
_ Nor.—Calia 4-toothed. Corolla funnel-form, ~
_ tube eylindric; limb 4 parted, spreading villous
on the inner side. Stamina 4, sc arcely exserted.
‘ Stigma 4-cleft. Berry, by the union of the 2 |
germs, didymous, 4-seeded. ; :

An herbaceous repent evergreen; flowers by pairs ter-
minal or axillary, berry scarlet, hibernal, edible, but in-
si id. a oe
_—— 1. M. repens. The only species known;
ing in the shadejof forests from Canada to Georgia.
The genus Mitchella appears to be somewha' allied to
Aegiphila or Nuxia, and also to mpapeietar por

139. LINNEA. Gronovius. L. :

Calix double: that of the fruit 2-leaved, of the
flower 5-parted, superior. Corolla turbinate,
subcampanulate, 5-lobed. Stamina | ome
didynamous. Stigint, globose. Berry s *
ovate, dry, 3-cellec » cells 2-seeded. ~~ © ae

«Herbaceous, creeping, and sempervirent; leaves oppo"
- Site; sureuli erect, the upper part naked and 2-flowereds
_ fruit crowned bythe permanent calix.

__Specres.- 1. 1. borealis. A small plant dedicated by:

é -Gronovius to the name of Linnaeus, who discovered it in
_ the wilds of Lapland: it was afterwards found in Sweden,
_ in Germany, and in Scotland, where it had been overlook-

ed or neg ected, and it is now also met with in all the —

northern régions of the American continent, from the =
mountainous banks of the Susquehannah, tothe arctic cir-

Mok ole: (abundant in the shady pine forests of Lake Huron) |
ee an America, the Linnea is confined to the dark forests of

the eunadensis, A. nigra, and A. balsamea, accome
Panied ing the Trientalis, Polygala paucifolia, Mitche'
and Gaultheria. Unchanged by the vicissitudes of ¢
<a Sth a always apparently presents the same characte
whether * aaa Fe in the ioene of America or of Burt

and ‘Ty System it stands alone, without distinct Ca
tats te oe any other genus. Bauhin, indeed, after the man=
_ her of the older botanists, judging fromthe mere foxm of |
= oer hes ae it to — and called i it € ers

Me Ae ee
TETRANDRIA » MONOGYNIA. 97

+ Apetalous.
140. ELEAGNUS. L. (Oleaster.)

Calix 4-cleft, campanulate, coloured on the
inner side, Stamina alternating with the divi-
Sions of the calix; anthers subsessile. . Style

es short, Drupe dry, 1-seeded, west with 8 fur-
' rows,

Trees or shrubs; flowers axillary, solitary or aggregate,
sometimes polygamous. In the E. “angustifolia, cultivated
in Europe and Africa, for the fine odor of its flowers, the
calix occurs Sometimes from 5 to 8-cleft, with the same_
irreswlar number of stamens. V. Desfont. Flor. Atlant. i.

p- 144.

Spectes. 1. E. *argentea. Unarmed; leaves undulated,
oval-oblong, ratiier acnte, on either side smooth, and co- ;
vered with silvery scales; flowers aggregate, nodding, here: 7
ry rather large, oe tien covered with silvery scales.

~ OBs. Drupe cartilaginous, roundish-ovate, with 8
“Brooves; nucleus subcylindrie, surrounded by a tenaceous

or Be ae Fae
aes Has. At Hu son’s Bay, id onthe arg iNaceous broken
bE. —- _ banks of the Missouri, near Reg Wiadiden. A shrubfrom

we, 8 to 12 feet high, apparently dioicous, producing a*dry
farinaceous edible drupe, about the size of a small
cherry. a,

This genus is so nearly allied to Hippophae, as well as to
another which Iam about to propose, that it is to be re-
gretted any artificial system should ever separate them.
They are, however, distinetly dioicous, So pred male = ;
_ female flowers of different structure. Of this genus, be- —
_ siden the above, (which appears to be ecm Fe ger

to the E. macrophylla of Japan, than the E. latifolia), there
are 10 species; 1 in the South of Europe, another in Rus-
sia and the East, another in Egypt, and a 4th in Ceylon,

with 6 in Japan.

tt Polypetalous. :
: 14. LUDWIGIA. LZ. * es
_.. Calix 4 parted, persistent, snperior. Corolla:
4-petalled, or 0. opens 4 ren ic ait

re

38 _ TETRANDRIA: ‘MONOGYNIA.

" gitexngté or opposite mane leaves, and flowers which are

solitary and axillary, or tending to be bai Sage agate:

gated. Petals generally yellow and caducous. -

Species. §1. Petalterots.—1. L. macrocarpa. 2. ala-

‘tay ku. 3. spheracarpa. EB. 4 cylindrica, E. 5. lanceolata. E-

6. hirsuta. 7. angustifclia. 8. virgata. 9. Jussiecides. 10. ca-
pitata. 11. pedunculosu—y 11. Apetalous. —12. microcarpa-
13. mollis.

A genus confined to the United States, with the excep-
tion of 2 species in “India, growing principally in the
Southern States, on the margins of ponds and swamps,
the J. macrocarpa being the only species which extends

beyond the 38th degree of north latitude, except perhaps
1

the L. hirsuta in a few peculiar localities.
142. ISNARDIA. L.

Calix campanulate, 4-cleft. Petals 0, or mi-
-nute, Capsule surrounded by the base of the
-ealix, 4-sided, 4-celled, many-seeded.

A creeping aquatic herb; leaves opposite; flowers mi-

nute, axillary, opposite and sessile.—With the habit of —

Peplis, but more closely allied to Ludwigia. :
Species. 1. J, palustris. (Ludwigia nitiday “Micx.)

Common to Europe and, America, from Canada to the

ie oece buliey Of this is there is only another species

5 CORNES. re sGornel: Dog: wood.)
Flowers sometimes aggregated in a 4-leaved —
sm,—Calix 4-toothed. i small,
at the base. Drupe inferior, not crown-
acer by the calix; nut 2-celled, 2-seeded.

. Small-trees or shrubs; leaves opposite, without ‘stipules,

in one species‘alternate; flowers in some species disposed
= pues i elec coming out later than the leaves, in
arlie ed in umbells or eapituli subtended

in C farida, C. suecica, ‘and.

= aden) Coreulum of the seed long, involved i ina *

TETRANDRIA. MONOGYNTA. 99
in Siberia.) 9 paniculata. 10. alternifolia. Of this genus

‘there are 2 other species in Europe, and 2 which are com-
mon to that continent, Asiay, and America.

§ 1. OVARIUM SUPERIOR.
}. Monopetalous.

i44. CENTUNCULUS. £. (Bastard Pimper-
nel. Chaff- weed.)

= Calia 4-cleft. Corolla 4-lobed, tubulose; per-
sistent, border spreading. Stamina short, na-
ked. Capsule 1-celled, dividing hensigpher ica
ly, many-seeded,

Annual; leaves alternate, rarely Sbposite: flowers sole. =
bee Se ape so sessile, or minutely pedunculate, frequently
— and with 5 stamens. Scarcely distinct from Ana-
gallis
. Srecres. 1. C€. lanceslatus. (Anagallis ovalis, Flor.
3 - Peruv vol. ii-p. 8. t. 115. £ a.) Stem irregularly angular
3 to 5 inches high, simple, or ‘alternately branched, the _
lower joints often sending out roots. Leaves oval. or oval-
lanceolate, acute at either extremity. Flowers minutely
pedunculate, (peduncle about half a line.) Calix as well”
as the corolla often 5 parted, segments linear and acumi- —
nated. Corolla tubular, scarcely ever expanding, divisions
lanceolate, acute, tube wide at the base.—In Carolina. 2.
*minimus. Stem simple, or sometimes with a single —
branch from near the base, obsoletely. lar. Leaves
alternate, spathulate-ovate, acute; flowers’ nearly sessile,
' often 5-cleft and pentandrous.—In depressed, and inun- _
dated situations on the margins of ponds, near Fort Man- © ~
ee dan on the Missouri.—Abundant. 4 to 6 inches high; flow-
ae ering in July. Probably both these plants are mere va-
ep = __ Pieties of the same species, which may then be considered _
Ps aera to Europe and both the continents i Ame. —
: ee * Sy
- 145, PLANTAGO. Z£. (Plantain.) :
. Calix 4-cleft. Corolla 4-cleft; border viflects:
= ed. Stamina mostly exserted, very long: Cap-
-sule 2-celled, nes transversely,

100 TETRANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

Species. 1. P. major. 2. lanceolata, (introduced, now
every Where naturalized.) 3. cordata. 4. cucullata, 5. in-
tervupta. 6. maritima. 7. caroliniana. § 11. Stamina not ex-
serted. Capsule 2-celled, 2-seeded. Stemiess. (Allied to
PsytxLium.) 8. viryinica. Segments of the corolla ros-
trately connivent. 9. *gnaphaloides. (P. Lagepus, Pursi-
a name already applied to a very distinct species). Every
where covered with a silky villus; leaves linear-oblong,
entire; stamina included; ealix rig d.-On the summits of
high and gravelly hills; commencing to appear near the
confluence of the river Jauke, and the Missouri. 10. *pu-
silla. Minutely pubescent: leaves near, entire, narrower ‘i
towards the base, and a little carnose, shorter than the 4
scape; scape round, filiform; spike, subeylindric, imter-
~ -* rupted; calix rigid; bracies ovate, acute; stamina included i

Jn arid saline hills near the Mssadkl; Plowess in. Dhay- as
-Quly Lto 3 inches high. C. “code

_ P. aristata, Micx. (One or two plants only out of many 2

others which I obtained from seeds, gathered in Upper 7
Louisiana, produced the long subulate bractes described
‘by Michaux, from whence his specific name is derived.)

P. elongata, Pursh, in Suppi. ti. p. 729. P. paucifiora, of
the same, i. p.99. On all the sea-coasts from’ Labrador
to Florida... <3

11 ‘glabra. Leayes ovate, denticulate, smooth; scape _
slender, somewhat compressed, nearly equal to the leaves;

_ flowers scattered; bracies ovate, acuminate —In arid soils,

About two-thirds of this extensive genus, as enumerat-

d by Persoon, are indigenous to. Europe, (more particu-
Jarly to the south,) and Northern Africa, (Barbary, &c-}

ént re ave’also species at the Cape of Good Hope, in Peru,

and other paris of South America, also in Siberia. To the
subdivision Psyllium, constiuited a genus by Jussieu, aP-
pertain severai branching, shrubby, and one arborescent

CARPA. Z. (Bermudian Mul-

ft. Corolla tubular, border 4-cleft.

x

- TETRANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 101

a Spectes. 1. C. americana. (Calix 4-toothed; berries

- purple, edible; but scarcely wholesome.) Of this genus,
besides the present species, there are 2 others in the
island of Jamaica, 1 in Carthagena, 2 in Peru, 1 in Japan,
and 5 in India.

147. LYCIUM. L. (Box-Thorn.)

~ Calix urceolate short, 4 or 5-cleft, or 4 to 5-
toothed. Corolla longer, tubulose, border erect,
4 to 5-lobed, or flat, and 4 to 5- parted; orifice,
(or margin of the tube) closed by the beard of .
ie the filaments. Stamina exserted. Berry round-
. ish, 2 celled, many-seeded; seeds reniform.
Shrubs for the most part spiny; ramuli pungently ter-
Minated; leaves alternate, sometimes fasciculated; flow-
ers axillary, solitary, or by pairs.
Species. 1. L. carolinianum. (Without thorns.) —Of
} this genus there are 3 species indigenous to the South of
Europe, 2 of them at the same time common to Northern
Africa, with two others gators to this portion of Africa;
4 to the Cape of Good Hope; 1 species and a permanent
variety were discovered by Pallas in the deserts of Tar-
tary, contiguous to the shores of the Caspian sea; 2
if not 3 other species appear to be peculiar to Chis; ==
6 to Pera.

148. CENTAURELLA. Michaux. CENTAURI-
le um. Persoon.

Calix 4-parted, appressed. Corolla subcam-
panulate, 4 parted; segments somewhat erect.
Stigma thick. glandulous, and partly bifid. Cap-
sule 1-celled, 2. valved, many-seeded, surround- 2
FE ed by the porsistent calix and corolla,
‘ -- Smatl anntals; appearing almost leafless; leaves minute,
opposite, sessile, subulate. Plowers subpaniculate. ere
Species. 1. C. verna. 2. eestivale,Puasu. Probably
~~ a@ mere variety of the following. 5. paniculata. ( Bartonia.
tenelfa, Muhlenberg-) :
Es e A North American genus, nearly allied to — 3
} Rt EXACUM. L. ae
| oe deeply a. Coralia ste 4

aes
102 : TETRANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. |

4 nati. eg:
globose. Capsule bisulcate, 2-celled, many-
seeded, opening at the summit; cells2-seeded.
- Flowers axillary, or dichotomously corymbose and ter- —
minal, with a single flower in the bifurcations.
species. have a 5-cleft corolla, with 5 siamens. 8
Species. 1. E. pulchellum, Pursh. Is not this planta
Sabbatia?—Of this genus there are 4 species described:
by Persoon, as existing within the tropical regions: of
America, 1 in Europe, with 11 others in India and Africa,:
principally at the Cape of Good Hope. '

150. SWERTIA. L. (Felwort.)

Calix 4 or 5-parted. Corolla rotate, tube
very short, border flat, 4 or 5-parted, segments
~ Tancevlate, with 2 nectariferous ciliate pores at
the base of each. Germ attenuated into a short
style, terminated by 2 stigmas. Capsule 1-celleds
. 2-valved.. :

Habit similar to Gentiana. Flowers axillary and ter-

minal, peduncles-often many-flowered.
Srecies. 1. §. fustigiata, Pursh. 2. pusilla, P. (S:-
tetrupetala? of Pallas.)—§ 11. Ceratra. Corolla subcam-

panulate, calcarate at the base.—3. corniculata. .

_ Of Swertia, besides the above, there are but 7 species.
described in Persoon, and of these, the S. difformis ap-
pears referable to Sabjatia. Europe produces 1 species,

the 5: * pow Arabia Felix, another, Siberia 2, as well
asthe S. corniculata, but almost specifically distinct from
the American piant; there is 1 species also in the Andes
of Peru. All the species of this genus appear to be al-
- pine.
' 151. FRASERA. Walter. Michaux..

Cali deeply 4-parted. Corolla ~4-parteds
‘Spreading; segments oval, with a bearded orbi-
_~ cular gland in the middle of each. Capsule com-
__— pressed, partly marginated, 1-celled. Seeds
_ few. (8 to 12) imbricated, large, elliptic, with a

| Membranaceous margin. : :
.-_ Biennial; stem tall; leaves verticillate; segments of the

=.

" PRTRANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 105

ba Speck + . ‘Walteri, From Canada to Carolina.
| Jn the dry and ‘open. woods of western Pennsylvania and
=. s w-York, in certain localities abundant. It is there
ee called Columbo-root, and appears ‘to be atonic no ie: ine
~« ferior to the Gentiana lutea.

A genus peculiar to the United States.

ase OBOLARIA. L

i Calix 0, or in the form of 2 bractes. Corolla —

_ campanulate, 4-cleft, segments entire, (the mar-
gin sometimes Crenately torn.) Stamina equal,
proceeding from the clefts of the corolla. Stig-=
ma emarginate. Capsule ovate, 1-celled, 2-val¥-
ed, many-seeded; seeds minute.

A very small vernal plant, witha simple stem, and op-
posite leaves; flowers sessile, terminal and marcescent,,
«ollected by pairs or by threes towards the summit of the
“stem; stigma minutely bifid. (Bitter, and probably tonic.)

Sprcies. 1. O. virginica. Perennial? about 3 or 4
inches high, with a small branching root; leaves thick,
green, almost carnose, frequently purplish on the un- |
der side; flowers bluish-white, subtended by foliaceous:
bractes.

Peculiar to. North America—In the neighbourhood of.
Philadelphia, rare-—Dr. W. P. Barton. Near West Ches-
ter, (Pensylvania.)—Dr. W. Darlington. Abundant- in
the shady forests of Lake Erie, (Ohio. ) In the revision:
and. arrangement of this genus, which distinetly apper-
tains to the Natural Order Gentianee of Jussieu, 1 am hap-
py to have been corroborated by the interesting remarks. -
of Dr. W. Darlington, who for four years in succession.
has been in the habit of examining the Qbolaria..

tt Flowers tetrapetalous.

153. AMMANNIA. L. pe
Calix 1-leaved, striate, 8-toothed, inferior.
Corolla of 4 petals, or none, inserted upon the =
calix. Capsule 4-celled, many-seeded. .

Subaquatic herbs with opposite leaves; flowers very
axillary, sessile, or shortly pedunculate, opposite, .
and sometimes almost verticillate. In .2. indica, and 2.
mt oat is a wee, than the

104 TETRANDRIA. MONOGYNTA,
: Se

Species. 1. 2.ramosier 2. humilis.—Of 9 species now 4 oe

enumerated, including the above, 3 are indigenous to In-
dia, 1 to Italy, 1 to Senegal, and 2 to the West Indies.

154. PTELEA. L.

Calix 4-parted, inferior. Petals 4, spreading.
Stigmata 2. Capsule (samara) compressed,
membranaceous, with a broad and circular
margin, 2-celled, 2-seeded.

A shrub with alternate leaves; mostly ternate, rarely

_ $-leaved; flowers almost corymbose, axillary and terminal,
odorous. Each cell of the germ 2 seeded, one of the seeds
habitually abortive; stamina sometimes 6, with 5 petals,
and the samata 3.celled, 3-winged.

‘Srecies. 1. P trifoliata—A North American genus,
mow reduced to a single species, nearly allied to the
Blackburnia of the island of Norfolk in the Pacific. The
P. monophylla of Lamark, appears 0 be the Mylocarium

Rgustrinum! Probably a bad specimen in fruit and with-

out flowers.
a : ttt Apetalous.
4155. RIVINA. L.
Calix 4-parted, persistent. Petals 0, Berry
I-seeded, Seed lentiform, scabrous. (Stamina
4, 8 and 12.)

- Stems somewhat shrubby; leaves entire, often acumi-
ary ‘Rated; flowers in axillary racemes. (Stem in A, levis, her-

Species. i. R. levis. v. 8. in the Herbarium of Z.
Collins, Esq. communicated by Muhlenberg, and said to
be collected in Pennsylvania. Possessing very much the
habit of Phytolacca decandra.

There are 5 species of this genus enumerated by Per-
soon, all indigenous to the tropical paris of America on.
either side the equator. Of the 2. levis there is, on the
ene thority of Lamark, a distinct variety in the island of

156. CAMPHOROSMA. Z. ;

—_. Calix urceslate, 4-paried, alternate segments

_ larger. 0. Stamina exserted. Style bifid.

~ Capsule 1-seeded, covered by the calix.
_ Stem shrubby or herbaceous, branching and diffuse, —

ce TETRANDRIA, MONOGYNTA. 105
¢ ppickly covered with minute Gecar leaves; flowers axil-

Species. 1. €. glabra? Said to have been found on

the American sea-coast.— \ genus of 4 species, (Persoon)

inhabiting arid soils in Spain, Tartary, Italy, Helvetia?
and the Cape of Good Hope. r

| 157, SYMPLOCARPUS. Salisbury. Pormos fee-
tida, Mich. (Skunk-cabbage.)

Spatha ventricose-ovate, acuminate. Spadiar
roundish, covered with hermaphrodite flowers,
Calix deeply 4-parted, persistent, segments cu-
cullate, truncate, becoming thick and spongy.
Petals 0. Style pyramidal, 4-sided; stigma sim-

“ple, minute, Sveds solitary, immersed in the
spongy receptacle.

Stemless and, subaquatic; leaves -very large, strongly
veined and entire, preceded by conspicuous sheathing
stipules; scapes radical, appearing before the leaves; spa-
tha discoloured; calix, style, and filaments persistent, en-

sing with the spongy receptacle.

Root verticillately fibrous, truncate. Leaves smooth,
and green, ovate-cordate, enlarging, protected by large
glaucous, spathulate-linguiform, veiniess bractes. Spa.
tha oyoid, roundish, cucullate, obhiquely acuminate, point
Coarctate, plaited, involutely auriculate at the base, thick
and spongy, livid purple, blotched and. spotted with pale

_ green. Spadix pedunculate, simple,!most spherical. Brac-
tes none. Flowers tessellately imBficate, adnate. Calix 4-
parted, divided to the base, segments cucullate, compres-

| . "sed at the apex, emarginated, at length becoming very
thick. Petais none. Stamina 4, opposite the divisions of
the calix; filaments subulate, flat; anthers exserted, short,

pa, = gebtees Q-celled. Style thick, quadrangular, acumi-

~. natéd; stigma minute, pubescent, shorter than the sta-
mina. Germ immersed, l-seeded.. Seed naked, large,

round, inclosed in the common receptacle. Corculum

Small, involute, erect, umbilicately attached to a large so-

ee lid, carneous perisperm-f "

C—O

+ The seed of the Symplocarpus does ‘not appear to possess eee
like a proper cotyledon, the embryo formed inthe
: ;not from it in any particular but that of size. In

ee

oa

«a

‘ a
406 TETRANDRIA. DIGYNIA. ;

Species. 1. S. fetida. Well knownas a rank and
offensive weed througlout the United States, from Cana-
da to Carolina. The genus Pothos to which this plant ts

allied, though very distinct, exists almost exclusively
within the tropical parts of America, _
158. ALCHEMILLA. L. (Ladies-mantle.)

? ) ‘
Calix tubulous, border spreading, 8-cleft,
segments alternately smaller. Petals 0. Stami-
na very small. Germ 1; style 1, lateral, trom
the-base of the germ. Stigma 1. Seed 1, covered
by the connivent calix.
Herbs with palmate or subdigitate leaves; flowers C0-
rymbose axillary and terminal. |
Species. 1. .4. alpina. On the mountains of New
Hampshire. A plant common to the alpine regiong of Eu- ~
~ rope. This genus, containing 6 species, with the excep-
tion of 1 at the Cape of Good Hope, and another in New

Granada, is confined to Europe. |
: <2 Order Il.—Diexnta. ;
( 159. Al ! ‘S. £. (Parsley Piert.)— = s

Cali B-cleft, alternate segments minute.
= _ Petals 0. Stamina minute. Styles 2. Seeds 2»

: e
* rn ae 4
TETRANDRIA, DIGYNTA. 107:

Small herbs with trifid or biternately divided leaves,
sheathing at their base; flowers sessile, in axillary clus-
ters, or terminal and dichotomously corymbose. In 4. or-
biculata the leaves are vound and lobed eee

Species. 1. 4. arvensis. In the ficlds of Virginia.
Crayton. (Iitroduced?) : : ,

Besides the preceding European species there are 3
others indigenous to the alpine mountains of Peru. ~

160. HAMAMELIS. L. ( Witch-hazel.)

Calix 4-cleft, persistent, with 3. bractes. Pe-
tals 4, long and linear, with a short dilated fila- -
ment at the base of each. Filaments and antiers
united: anthers 2-celled, each cell having a ver-
tical valve. Capsule coriaceous, (nut) 2-celled,
2-lobed, 2-awned, apex 2-valved, valves cleft.
Seeds 2, arillate.

A small tree with the habit of Alnus; leaves alternate, —
stipulate, obliqye at the base; flowers sessile, by threes,
in axillary or lateral pedunculaie clusters; calix pubescenty

' foliaceous, and persistent; petals ligulate, alternating with
the stamina; capsule indurated, half inclosed in the base,
of the persistent calix, bursting elastically; seeds arillate,
black and shining; corculum flat, inclosed in a carneous
perisperm, radicle descendant, opposite to the hilum.
Species. 1. H. virginica. From Canada to Florida.

_ &. macrophylia, leaves suborbiculate cordate, with elevat- _

_ ed scabrohg-spots on the under side —In Georgia, Purss,

__. Catabaw mountains, (North Carolina) W.-y. "parvifolia, —
leaves smaller, oblong obovate, upper part undulately and

grossly crenate, the under side pubescent, somewhat hire

_ Sute; segments of the calix oblong, stamens and perigy-

Nous filaments often nearly eq A shrub every way

~~ smaller than the common H. virginica, with the branches
“Nearly erect, calix somewhat coloured and diaphanous, *
petals bright yellow. From the mountains of Pensylvay _

Dia, v. ». in Hort. Landreth, Philadelphia.

*

108 TETRANDRIA. DIGYNIA.

gilla, is clothed with a very short stellate pubescence..
The fruit of the Fothergilla, as was long ago sagaciously
remarked by the celebrated A. L Jussieu, is almost €x-
actly similar to that of the Hamamelis, but in the flowers
there exists a strange disparity; by the intervention of thre
Pachysandra, however, which appears more properly re-
ferable to the Amentacee, than the Euphorbiacee, and at
the same time allied both to Hamamelis and Fothergilla, — ;
we have something lke a connected series. 1n these 3 ;
genera, the anthers and filaments are united, the anthers
also become papyraceous, and are for a considerable.
length of time persistent, not deciduaus as in the Berbe-
rides. ¥rom the Amentacee, they differ in possessing * i
_ perisperm, and the Hamamelis is excluded from the 15th - i
_ class of Jussieu by the existence of petals, but this exceP-
‘tion is stareely universal, as the order in question in-
cludes Comptonia, described as having 6 petals, at all
interior and dissimilar calix. Wherever these
3 contiguous genera may be placed, either asa distinct
order, (FoTHERGILLEA) or as a neighbouring section,
they cannot but be considered as closely allied to the
Amentacee, notwithstanding the singular construction of
the anthers in the genus Hamamelis, which is indeed the |

sole character by which it is in any manner allied to the
Berberides, the carveous perisperm being equally com-

- mon tothe Evpherbiacee. There is some reason to sus- :
pect thar the genus Hamamelisis polygamous. independent .
of the mistake of Linnzus in confounding this genuswith =

_ Fothergilla. The variety, for instance, which I have de- 4

_ Signated, Y. *parvifolia, although flowering freely every

year, bas never produced seed since transplanted into a

garden out of contact with o:her individuals. ‘This sub- a

ject, however, requires more general andeaccurate examj~., |

nation. The three genera proposed are thus far exclu- =.»

sively confined to North America. j

161. SANGUISORBA. LZ. (Great Burnet.)
Cali 2-Jeaved, inferior, resembling bractes.
ge superior. Capsule, between the

. Fistboteaiee leases unequally pinnate, stipules growing
___ te the base of the cig dowees capitate terminal.
variet) rot No. 1. Of this genus there are but 2 other Spe-

oN
=

TETRANDRIA. TETRAGYNIA. 109

Order 4.—TETRAGYNIA.
162. MYGINDA. Jacquin. L. !

Calix small, 4-parted. Corolla deeply 4-part-

ed or of 4 petals, Stigmas 2 or 4. Drupe glo-
bose, 1-seeded.

Shrubs with opposite leaves; peduncles axillary, 2 or 3-

wered; flowers mintite.

Species. 1. M. Myriifolia. (Dex myrsinites, Pursn.)

_ Found on the North-west coast, and on the Rocky moun-

= ; tains, by Captain M. Lewis.

: a: A genus confined to the tropical parts of America, with
the exception of the present species.

163. ILEX. L. (Holly.)
Calix minute, 4 or 5-toothed. Corolla rotate,
4-parted. Style 0; stigmata 4. Berry 4-seeded.

: Small trees or shrubs; leaves alternate, mostly ever-
green, often spinosely or pungently toothed or serrated;
| * peduncles axyliary, man,-flowered; flowers often polyga-
_ Mous;. berries a long time persistent, usually scarlet.
Srecies. 1. I opaca. f. laxiflora, (I. laxiflora, ap-
pears to be a mere variety of Z. opuca.) 2. Cassine. 3. vo-
mitoria. (Used sometimes asa substitute for Tea; also
_ by the savages in their superstitious ceremonies.) 4: an-
‘gustifolia. Leayes mostly entire and mucronate. From
‘oto 15 feet high. 5. Dahoon. Leaves mostly entire.—§ 17.
- Leaves deciduous. 6. prinoides. Leaves deciduons, eliptic-
— lanceolate, acute at both extremities, from about the mid-
die to the point lightly serrate, the under side pubescent;
. berries large, and nearly solitary, nuts grooved.—Closely
ode allied to Prines. 7. canadensis. Genus doubtfull.
t -_ Europe affords but 1 species of this genus, the I. Agui-
: Jolium, common also to Japan, but certainly not to 4me-
‘rica as remarked by Persoon, as it is even very difficult
| _ to cultivate; in Japan there are 7 other species, 1 at the
Cape of Good Hope, 1 in India, 2 in the island of Madeira,
1 in the isle of Mauritius, 3 in the West Indies, a doubt-
full species in Guianne, and another ( Paloria) in the high
“ mountains of Peru, allied to Myzinda.

164, SAGINA. L. (Pearl-wart.)

-. Caliae 4-leaved. Petals 4. Capsules4-celled, 4-
valved, many-seeded. gee

‘ie g ea L = 2

i110

TETRANDRIA. TETRAGYNIA.

Small herbs; flowers nearly solitary, terminal and axil-
lary, upon long peduncles, petals often caducous.
Species. 1. S. procumbens.—An European genus.

165. TILLABA. L,

Calix $ or 4-parted. Petals 3 or 4, equal.

Capsules 3 or 4, two or many-seeded. Stamina
sometimes 8, 4 sterile.

Small succulent herbaceous plants, allied to Crassula
and Sedum; leaves opposite, rarely ternate; flowers mi-
nute, axillary, cymose, or umbellate.

Spceies. 1 T?*cymosa (Sedum pusillum, M1cn.) Erect;
stem verticillately or trichotomously branched from the
base; leaves alternate, almost cylindric, oblong; flowers
subdichotomously cymose, alternate and pedicellate, oc-
tandrous; capsules connate, 2 to 4 seeded, opening eX-
ternally. a P ee.

Annual. Two to 4 inches high, “ flowers white, octan-
drous,” Micu. Capsules 4, united, never separable, with
subulate and at length long mucronate points, opening on
the under side. Seeds germinating as soon as they fall,
the young plants remaining green throughout the winters
in these the leaves are oval-oblong and succulent. Branch-
es abuut 4 from the same point—Collected in winter on
the “* Flat-Rock,” above Camden in North Carvlina, grow-

ing with mosses in the wet and gravelly excavations of

the rock, in the same place where it was discovered by
Michaux, and hitherto found in no other spot, as Mr.
Pursh evidently confounds this plant with the S$ pulchel-
lum, when he speaks of its growing on the east banks of the
Shenandoah river m Virginia, the latter being there suf-
ficiently abundant, and yet he quotes the remote Habitat

_ of Michaux, “on rocks around Knoxville,” (Tennessee)

and indicates by his mark (+) that he has never seen S.

_ pouchellum, notwithstanding its prevalence around Har-

per’s Ferry, &c. &c. in Virginia.
‘Having never seen this plant in flower, I am unable to

ascertain its genus; it is, however, at the same time much

more nearly related to Tillea, than to Sedum. In the struc-
ture of the capsule it entirely diffe-s trom every other
plant in the Natural Order Sempervive: ~ :

Of Tillea there are in America besides the above, ~

species in Peru, 4 i and 4 at the Cape of
Good Hope. “=e =

TETRANDRIA. TETRAGYNIA, HT

166. POTAMOGETON, L, (Pond-weed.)
Calia 4-leaved. Corolla 0. Style 0. Seeds 4,

Leaves sheathing, those of the stem often alternate, flo.
ral leaves mostly opposite; flowers spiked, terminal or
axillary; ramuli and spikes baving frequently 2 sheathes
; at the base. Nut 1-seeded, cochieate; embryon erect,

exalbuminous, curved or involute. :
Species. 1. P.natans. 2. fuitans. 3. heterophyllum. 4.
setaceum. 3. perfoliatum. 6. lucens. 7. crispum. 8. grami-
neum. 9. pectinatum.~-A genus of aquatic plants, appa-
rently confined to Europe and North America; those of
the latter continent at the same time common also to Eu-~
‘ Tope,

167. RUPPIA. L. (Tassel Pond-weed.)
Caliz none. Corolla none. Seeds 4, pedicel-
late, .

A maritime aquatic plant with capillary branches; leaves
~ gramineous, sheathing; on the stem alternate, towards the
_ flower nearly opposite; flowers in a spikelet or spad:x, so- _
litary, mostly terminal, distichal, peduncle convolute,
stretching or contracting according to the depth of water, __
after the manner of Vuisneria; *“calix 2-valved, decidu-
ous,” Jusstev. Fruit subulate, when mature incurved at
the point. Nut gibbous, containing one seed; embryon
erect, attached (as in many other plants of the same natu- —
ral class,) to a germinal body apparently of the nature of
the root.t
- Species. 1. R. maritima. Common probably to every
part of the world. ‘

+ Being distinct from the ordinary cotyledons, albumen or
perisperm, to distingish it from them I propose the name of —
somarhize, (somarhiza) or a radical inactive body affording a
temporary nourishment to the embryon with which it possesses _
a simple vascular connection, but without producing any spe-
cies of radicles or legves, often in the form of a cohering cal-

lous tubercle, it exists longer than ordinary cotyledons, and dif-
fers from an extraneous perisperm in its vascular connection
= With the embryon.

eo

CLASS V.—PENTANDRIA.

a
Order 1.—MonoGynta.

+ Flower monopetalous, inferior; seeds ac nilted.
ASPERIFULIZ.

4 HELIOTROPIUM. L. (Turnsol.)

Calix tubulous, 5 toothed. Corolla salver-
shaped, 5-cleft, with 5 intermediate teeth or

piaits; orifice of the tube naked. Stigma emar-
_ ginate.

Spikes recurved, flowers inclined to one side.
Spreizs. 1. H. indicum. Apparently native, in the
warmer states. 2. curassavicum. 3. europeum? Around
Harper’s Ferry, (Virginia.) On the banks of the Shenan-
doah. Flowers white. Leaves hoary. This genus exists
principally in the warmer parts of South America, (Pera
_and the West Indies) and india, there are also some spe-

cies in Africa, and 2 in Europe. A few of the err are
ornamental and odorous.

469. MYOSOTIS. L. (Scorpion-grass.) :
-—- Calix 5-cleft.. Corolla salver-formed, tube
_ short, border flat, 5-lobed, lobes subemarginate;

orifice closed with 5 convex, connivent, squa-
awe or sutall scales.) ace 1. Seed smooth

.

Flowers: mae disposed in ee one sided tikes.
Species. 1. M. scorpisides. 2. arvensis. 3. virginiana.
Lappula. 5.

& “glomerata. Seeds rugose; leaves spathu-

_ late-lmear, on the stem rather acute, Hine ties 8 spikes pe-
-duncolate, axillary, conglomerate, bifid, sessile above; ca-
tix siaapes hispid; lobes of the corolla entire.

Pine ite

PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA, 115

Cynoglossum glomeratum, Pursh. Flor. Am. 2. p. 729. T
N. in Fras. Catal. 1813. i=
_ Root biennial. Stem erect, entirely simple, 6 to 12
inches high. Radical leaves villous, spathulate-obovate,
obtuse, somewhat hoary; one to one and a half inches
long; stem leaves spathulate-linear, rather hispid and
somewhat acute, sessile. Spikes very short, axillary, bi-
fid, pedunculate, peduncles mostly shorter than the leaves,
flowers crowded, appearing almust in heads, approximat-
ing together towards tiie summit. Calix deeply 5-parted,
villous, and also thickly set with sharp hispid hairs. Co-
rolla white, orifice closed, lobes rounded, entire, nearly
flat, rather large; tube constricted near the base. Stami-
} = na sessile, included beneath the arched protuberances of

the oritice. Stigma entire, capitate. Seeds narrow, ovate,
acute, with an elevated scabrous or minutely crenate
ridge in thecentre..

On arid agillaceous hills around the Great Bend of the
Missouri. Flowering in June.

The genus Wyosotis is chiefly European, at the same
time there are species in Peru, at the Cape of Good
Hope, in Siberia, 1 species in New Zealand, 1 in Chili,
and another in the isle of Bourbon.

170. LITHOSPERMUM. ZL. (Gromwell.)
Calia 5-parted. Corolla funnel-form, 5-lobed,
orifice open, naked. Stigma bifid. Seed indurat-
ed, shining. (Stamina and style included with-
in the corolla.) a tes
Flowers solitary, axillary, or in terminal bracteate
spikes; floral leaves sometimes by pairs. ae
Specizs. 1. LZ. arvense._ 2. latéfolium. 3. angustifolium.
4. apulum. ms ap" Sie
Uf this genus there are 5 species in Peru and the warm.
er parts of Spanish America, 2 at the Cape of Good Hope,
5. in Egypt and the East, 1 on the nitrose banks.of the —__
Volga, (Siberia) 1 around ancient Bagdad in Persia, and.
another in the isle of Teautea in the Pacific; the rest in —
Europe and North America. The roots of several species
‘afford a lac for dying and painting. ‘

171. BATSCHIA. Gmelin. Michaux.
Calix 5-paited. Coroila salverform, rather

lix, closed at the base by a bearded ring; ori-

large, tube straight, much longer than the a ‘

114 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. =

fice naked or partially closed; border orbicu- —
late, nearly flat, segments rounded. Seed indu-
rated, shining, (as in Lithospermum.)

Flowers yellow or fulvous, axillary, almost fastigiate, in
short bracteate spikes; leaves narrow, without collateral
nerves. rintiet y,

Spectres. 1. B. Gmelini. 2. canescens. Flowers fulvous.
3. *longiflora. Hipsiitely vilious, erect; leaves approxi-
mating, long and linear, margin reflected; flowers in @
fastigiate fascicle; tube of the corolla.somewhat pentan-
gular, (often from 10 to 15 lines long) border flat, seg-
ments fimbriate-crenate—Flowers sulphur yellow. In

_ open plains; around the Prairie du Chien, Missisippi, and
on the banks of the Missouri toits sources. 4. * decumbens.
Hirsutely villous; stem decumbent; segments of the calix
and leaves linear; flowers scattered; lobes of ‘the corolla
fimbriate-crenate, shorter than the tube—Around the
Mandan village. Nearly allied to the preceding. In both

_ these species the orifice is partly closed by 5 arched pro-
tuberances.

All the species of this genus afford a crimson lac from
the root.

_ 172, CYNOGLOSSUM. ZL. (Hounds-tongue.)

_ Calix 5-parted. Corolla funnel-formed, 5-

Jobed, orifice closed by 5 connivent convex pro-

cesses. Stigma emarginate. Seed depressed, af-
fixed to the style on the inner side.

____ Flowers spiked or clustered, axillary or terminal; leaves
villous or hirsute; seeds echinate, muricate or scabrous,
mae rarely ifever smooth.

Species. 1. C. officinale. 2. sylwaticum. 3. amplexi-
eaule. 4. pilosum? Erect and hairy; radical leaves spathu-

_ __ Mate-oblong, the rest lanceolate-oblong, obtuse; flowers ax-

; s almost spiked, unilateral (or secund); stamina very
; seed scabrous depressed, oblong, acute,

; short ine -
muricate on the margin.—On arid hills above Rapid riyer,
Missouri. Flowering in May; flowers-white, small. :
; Apparently a mere, variet of the Peruvian plant; judg-

oe ~~ ae ae plate in the Perwviana.
Pigs Jt the genus Cynoglassum there are 9 species, chiefly ia
the South of Europe, seyeral of which are also common to
_ Barbary, besides these there are 4 at the Cape of Good
Hope, 6 in Peru and Chili, 5 in Armenia and the East, 1

we

PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 115

peculiar to Arabia, 1to Japan, 1 to Siberia, and another te
the summit of mount Lebanon, in Syria.

178. PULMONARIA. L. (Lungwort.)

Calix prismatic-pentagonal. Corolla funnel-

formed, somewhat 5-lobed, orifice open, Stfig-
ma emarginate.

Flowers almost disposed in terminal corymbs, some-
times racemose. Leaves in the American species and in
the P. maritima smooth and glaucous, calix short, about
half the length of the corolla tube. (Mertrensia Per-
soon.

Said 1. P. virginica. 2. paniculata. 3. *marginata.
Small, glabrous, erect; leaves hispid on the margin, on the
lower part of the stem oblong-spathulate or oblong-ovate,
upper leaves ovate, acute, semiamplexicaule; flowers sub-
paniculate; fasciculi few-flowered, axillary and terminal;
calix acute, about half the length of the corolla tube.

P. lanceolata. Pursh, Flor. Am. 2. p. 729.

Perennial. Siem nearly erect, and somewhat branched,

scarcely a foot high. Radical leaves petiolate, stem leaves”

“sessile, uppermost semiamplexicaule, all glabrous, glau- —

174.

‘bular-campanulate; orifice naked; border

cous, and somewhat carnose. Fascicles or ramuli, pedi-
cellate, a little longer than the leaves, 4, 5, 8, or more —

flowered. Calix 5-parted, smooth, acute, segments some-
what hispid on the margin. Corolla funnel-formed, much

like that of P. virginica, and of the same colour, but

smaller, lobes entire. Stamina seated around the orifice
of the tube. s :
Nearly allied to P. virginica, and also probably to the P.
niculata, but the leaves are never acuminated or hairy,
t perfectly smooth, except em the margin where there

are afew scattered hooked, hispid hairs, often only visible

ina dried state. The name of danceolata is so very imap-
plicable that it appeared ‘o me necessary to alter it. :

a

On arid hills near the confluence of Teeton river, Mis-

souri. Flowering in June.
4. paniculata. 5. sibirica. _ ; ‘
The only 3 genuine species of Pulmonaria described
are confined to Europe; the American species all arrange

- under the subdivision Merrensza of Persoon.

ONOSMODIUM. Michaux,
Calix deeply 5-parted. Corolla

* LN
ta

116 PETANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. ~

tricose, half 5-cleft, segments connivent, acute.
“inthers sessile, included. Style much exserted,
entire, acute.
Leaves longitudinally nerved; flowers i in recurved, leafy
spikes.
Srrcies. 1. O. hispidum. 2: molle. A genus peculiar to
the United States, but very nearly allied to Onosma. Flow-
ers yellowish-white, somewhat like those of Symphytum.

175. LYCOPSIS. L (Small Bugloss. )
Calix 5-cleft, inflated or ventricose. Corolla
funnel-formed, tube incurved; orifice closed with

convex protuberances. Stigma bifid.

, Flowers solitary or collected into a raceme or spike, ax-
illary or termin ae In some species the tube of ye corolla
is straight.

Species. 1. L. arvensis. 2. virginica.

This genus exists chiefly in the South of Europe, in ;
Barbary, and in the East, there is also 1 species # in Egypt,
1 in Crete, 1 in Chio, and another in Tartary. —

176. ECHIUM. L. (Viper’s Bugloss.)

Calix 5-parted. Tube of the ai shorts
orifice naked; border wider than the tube, cam-
panulate, unequal, and obliquely 5-lobed, Stig-
ao spikes ila:
Flo uniua-

teral. waren simple or, panicled opie
Srecies. 1. E. vulgare. Very common in Virginia

where it is now but too generally naturalized, and there
called * Blue-weed.”

The genus Echium appears to exist chiefly in the more

ae parts of Africa, particularly at the Cape of

Good Hope, in Barbary, in the isle of Teneriffe, and in

Egypt; there are a few species also indigenous to the

_ South of Europe. \ccording to Gmelin the women of the

_ Don (in Russia) colour their cheeks with the root of the

Echium rubrum. The same use is nlny sacle Se root of

_ Onosma Echioides by the women of Vartary.

+H Flowers monopetalous, inferior, fruit covered.
477. PHACELIA. Jussieu.
Calix 5-parted. Corolla subcampanulate, 5-
_ cet with Sangitudinal marginel mel ous

.

_PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 117

erooves on the inside. Stamina exserted, Style

filiform, stigmata 2, Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved,
4-seeded, each of the valves septiferous in the

centre, Pa

Pubescent, leaves alternate, pinnatifid; flowers in unila-

_ teral spikes or racemes, simple or bifid, axillary and termi-

_ nal. In P. dipinnatifida the filaments of the stamina are
bearded in the middle, as in Hydrophyllum.

Specises. 1. P. bipinnatifida. 2. heterophylla. 3. fimbri-
ata.. Common in alluvial soils, throughour the western
as of Pennsylvania and Ohio. 4. parviflora, Pursh. Pro-

bly an Ellisia.

_. A genus confined to sae America. The P.fimbriate

vis probably an Elisia.

178. HYDROPHYLLUM. L. (Water-leaf.)
Calix 5-parted. Corolla campanulate, 5-cleft,
with 5 longitudinal margined melliferous grooves
on the inside. Stamina exserted, filaments beard-
edinthe middle. Stigma bifid. Capsule globose, -
_1-celled, 2-valvedy 1- ened s 3 ager seeds most-
dy abortive.

- Leaves palmate, or pinnatifia; flowers corymbose, co-
rymbs recurved, peduneulate, terminal, or opposite the
leaves. The genus Phaceliais too nearly allied to Hydro-
phyllum to admit of se paration; in an early state there is
even no difference in their fruit.

*. Speciges. 1 H. appendiculatum. 2. virginicum. 3. ca- —
nadense. 4? lineare, Pursh. Probably-not of this genus —
With the exception of H. magelanicum, this genus is con-'
fined to North —

179. ELLISIA. L. 3

-. Calix deeply 5-parted. Corolla smaller, fun-
nel-form, 5 cleft, internally naked. Stamina not
exserted; filaments smooth; anthers roundish.
Stigma bifid. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved, seated
in the stellate or spreading calix, cells 2- seeded;
seeds one upon the other? punctate. oe

& Mesbaceous, diffuse;and dichotomous; leaves pinnatifid: = ae
solitary” uncle or raceme, for the: most boss pposite

118 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

Srecies. 1. E. Nyctelea. 2. *ambigua. Decumbent,
and branching; stem plabrous, somewhat glaucous; leaves
hirsute, lyrate-pinnatifid, subsessile’ segments sublangeo-
late, angularly toothed or lobed; racemes opposite the
leaves, both lateral and terminal; flowers small, scarcely
longer than the calix, segments emarginate.

Annual. Stem spreading, 4to 6 inches high. Calix 5-
parted, segments lanceolate-ovate, persistent. Corolla
subcampanulate, short, 5-cleft, laminz short, roundish-
oval, emarginate, tube cylindric, upper part angular, with
10 nectariferous pores at its base. Stamina from the base
of the tube; filaments short, not exserted; anthers cordate.
Style very short, bifid. Ovarium conic-ovoid. Capsule

. compressed, rounded-oval, 2-valved, 4-cclled, 4-seeded;
valves septiferous, dissepiments, intersecting, crossing
éach valve in two directions. Seed roundish, punctate.
Peduncles reflected, when in fruit. }

In alluvial soils on the banks of the Missouri; common;
flowering in April and May. : 3

A North American genus.

180. ANDROSACE, L,

Flowers in an involucrate umbell.—Calix §-_
cleft, persistent. Corolla salverform, 5-lobeds

tube ovate, orifice glandulous. Capsule I-celled,
_ ovate-globose, 5-valved, many-seeded.. ,

ee
~ ¥

=~». Annual or perennial. Leaves radical; scapes numerous;
_~o galix often angular; flowers usually small, and white.
_ Species. 1. 4. occidentalis. Annual. Leaves ovate,
smooth, rather thick, and entire. Scapes solitary, or se-
veral from the same root, 1 to 3 inches high, minutely pu- _
bescent. Leaves of the involucrum oval, pedicells long,
1-flowered. Calix smooth, acute, angular, membranace-
ous betwixt the segments. Corolla a little shorter than
the calix, salverform, white, orifice open, tube ovate, seg-
_ ™ents oblong, obinse. Capsule globular, 1-celled, 5-valy-
ree Seeds numerous, angular.
On dry and elevated plains, from the Maha village to
* __ the mountains, near the river Missouri; flowering in April.
of Probably a Mere variety of 4. elongata, the leaves are
e ra Praag the umbell of the same length both in flower

Se _ The genus Androsace is almost exclusively confined to
Europe, and most of the species are alpine; there is at the
same time, out of 12 spec 8, 1 in Siberia, 1 in Cappado-

Ks Se

PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 118

cia, and a doubtful species as to the genus in the tropical
parts of America.

181. PRIMULA. Z. (Pritipose. Prime-vere, or
First flower of the Spring.)

Flowers in an involucrate umbell.—Calix tu-
bular, 5-toothed, persistent. Tube of the corol-
la cylindric, orifice spreading, border 5-lobed,
lobes emarginate. Stigma globuse. Capsule 1-
celled, summit 10-valved.

Habit as the preceding, but perennial; flowering early; —
most of the species alpine, withstanding and thriving in
the most rigorous climates, to the very limits of perpetual
snow. Amongst these, more interesting than the rest, is
the P. auricula of the Austrian and Helvetic alps, origi-

' nally yellow, it is now to be seen in gardens of the most
diversified colours; the calix and corolla of this species
and the under side of the leaves in the P. farinosa is sin-
gularly decorated with a white and deciduous powder.

Specizs. 1. -P. mistassinica 2. *farinosa. Leaves cre-
nate, smooth, under side pulverulent, border of the co-—

as rolla flat,—segments obcordate, Smits#. Flor. Brit. i.
_ 5 © 224. (Bird's-eye Primrose.) On the calcareous gra
shores of the islands of Lake Huron; around Michilimaki-
nak, Bois Blanc, and St. Helena, in the outlet of Lake Mi-
chigan: abundant, v. v. sine fl.

This interesting genus is almost exclusively confined
to the cold or alpine regsons of Europe, there are also 3
or 4 species in Siberia, and 1 in the Levant.

182. DODECATHEON. L. (American Cowslip.)

Calia 5-cleft. Corolla rotate. reflected, 5-cleft.
Stamina svated in the tube. Stigma obtuse. Cap-
sule 1-celled, oblong, opening at the apex.

Leaves radical; scapes umbellate, flowers noding; se-
minal receptacle large, ovate acuminate, stipitate. |

Species. 1. D. Meadia. 2. integrifolium Leaves sub.*
spathulate-ovate, short, nearly entire; umbell few-flower- _
ed; flowers erect; bractes linear; segments of the calix li-
near acute.— A much smaller plant thar the preceding.

This genus is speed to North America, and extends —
westward to the» ntainous sources tl Miserly
_ where Captain Le ‘collected Si

hos

. 120 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

i188. MENYANTHES. L. (Buckbean. Marsh
Trefoil.)

Calix 5-parted. Corolla funnel-formed; bor-
der spreading, 5-lobed, equal, densely villous
on the upper side, Stigma bifid. Capsule 1-
celled, 2-valved; a seminal receptacle attached
to each valve. , aa

Herbaceous, aquatic, leaves ternate, alternate, petiole
sheathing. ee

Species. 1. M. trifoliata. re genus ofa single spe-
cies, common boih to Europe and North America. “ Bit-
ter and sudorific.” Sutra. Flor. Brit. i. p. 226.

184 VILLARSIA. Gmelin. "

~~ Calix 5-parted. Corolla rotate, 5-lebed, seg-
ments bearded at the base, with the margins
inflected. Stigma 2-lobed. Glands 5, alternating
with the stamina, Capsule 1-celled, valveless.

Floating aquatic herbs; with alternate entire leaves, and
clusiers of pedunculate flowers, apparently bursting from
the sheathing petioles.

Species. 1. P. lacunosa, (Menyanthes trachysperma,
Micu.) 2. cordata, ELuiorT.

~ 185. HOTTONIA, L. (Water-feather.) :
Calix 5-parted., Corolla salverform, 5-lobed.
Stamina seated upon the tube of the corolla.
_ Stigma globular. Capsule 1-celled, globose, acu-
_ minate,

a

Aquatic herbs; leaves verticillate, pec'inately pinnatifid,

ifid or inyply serrate; flowers solitary, axillary, or
nd yerticillately spiked, involucrum under each
: Does this plant really germinate

ie

PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 121

Of this singular genus there are 4 other species; wiz. 1
in Europe and 3 in India.

186. SAMOLUS. ZL. (Brook-weed. Water Pim-
pernel.)

Calix 5-cleft, semisuperior, persistent. Corel-
la,salverform, 5-lobed; with 5 intermediate
scales. Stamina included i in on tube, and oppo-
site the lobes of the corolla. Capsule half-infe-
rior, 1-celled, 5-toothed, many-seeded; recepta-
cléwncénnected

Leaves alternate; flowers racemose, axillary and termi-
nal, pedicells mostly by pairs, geniculate, a single bracte
at the articulation. e

Species. 1. §. Valerandi.

. Agenus of bita single species, excluding the S. repens,
which is the Shefieldia repens of Linnzus. The Samolus
is found in marshes near the sea-coast in every partof the
world.

187. LYSIMACHIA. £ z.. (Lovsiiteites
Calix 5-cleft. Corolla rotate, 5-cleft. Sigma
1. Capsule 1-celled,. globular, mucronate; 5 or
i0-valved, few or many-seeded.

Leaves opposite and verticillate; flowers axillary or ters
minal, solitary, spiked, orcorymbose. Staminiferous fila-
ments, in most of the American species glandulous.

Species. § 1. Stamens unequal, 3 long and 2 short,
united into a short tube.—}. ZL. angustifolia. 2 » TECEMOSA.
Probably a mere variety of the preceding. 3. e:
Exuiort. 4,guadrifolia. Stem, under side and fe :
of the leaves conspicuously hairy; leaves -
fours and fives, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, Spaquiely
punctate; nerves lateral, confluent in a m

peduncles much shorter than the lower leaves; ee oe

ments of the corolla ovate, obtuse, often em

capsule 5-valved, about 5-seeded, 2 or ,3 of them often ore
abortive; seeds convex, angular, punctate—§ 11. Sta-
mina ei ae with intermediate dentures.—5-

e- PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

- Ments of the calix ovate-lanceolate, acute; divisions of the
. corolla roundish, aristate, crenulate; 5 sterile filaments al-
ternating with the stamina; capsule (as in L. ciliata) 5-
valved, many-seeded.—On the miry strand of the Delaware,
&e. 8. *revoluta, Sixto 8 inches high, smooth; stem quad-
rangular. simple, leaves opposite, all linear, sessile, some-
what oblong, being attenuated at either extremity, revo-
lute on the margin, opaque and very entire, slightly
pubescent at the insertion of the stem; only a single pe-
duncle often in the axill of each pair of leaves, about the
length of the leaf, cernuous, flowers sometimes all ter-
minal, calix lanceolate, very acute; segments of the corol-
Ja roundish-oval, abruptly acuminate, and often irregular-
- Ty crenulate; stamens separated at the base by interven-
» ing dentures.—On the banks of the St. Laurence, Lake
_ Brie, and in the state of Ohio, always in calcareous soil.
9. longifolia. 10. nummiluria2 On the calcareous banks of
+ Lake Michigan. 11. thyrsifora, In the state of Ohio, near
the shores of Lake Erie, &c. é .
~The genus Lysimachia exists chiefly in Europe and
_ North America; at the same time there are 2 species in
the Levant, 1} in Media and Siberia, 1 in Japan, 1 in New
Holland, near Port Jackson, and another (L. deeurrens) in
the isle of Tanna; these 2 are the only species yet disco-
—vered within the Southern hemisphere. The L. thyrsie .
Jira, L. quadrifolia and L. Nummularia are common to

AGALLIS. L, (Pimpernel.)
ia 5-cleft. Corolla rotate, 5-lobed, Stami-
na, filaments hirsute. Capsule globular, open-
ing hemispherically, many-seeded, ~~
Leaves opposite; flowers solitary, axillary.
Srectgs. 1. 4. arvensis. (introduced; now commonly

Maturalized.) This plant, probably without much reason,
1 at various periods recommended as a specific

genus is chiefly confined to the South of Eu-
o I species peculiar to Barbary, 1 to Ja-
to Chili." ‘he .4. ovalis of Peru appears

nded by 3 bractes. Co-
ft, flat, Stamina —

PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. : 125

from the summit of the tube, alternating with |
the segments of the corolla. Stigmata 3. Cap-
sule 5-celled, 3-valved, many- -seeded.

Specrzs. 1. D. lapponica. A small cespitose herb

_ with the aspect of Sedum, and the leaves crowded around

_ the root; (as in most alpine plants), peduncles scapiform,

1-flowered. Allied to Aretia. 2. barbulata. (PyX1DAN~
THERA, Mich.) A small sempervirent cespitose herb,

with erect surculi, and sessile, terminal flowers; anthers
somewhat globular, caudate at the base, opening trans-—
versely. Probably distinct from the present genus.»
Excluding the Pyatdanthera, there exists but a single |
species of Piiapensi, common to the Lapponic. — and =
the White Hills of New Hampshire. :

190. CONVOLVULUS. L. ‘(Bind-weed. 7 Hs . a=
Calia 5-parted. Corolla campanulate, plaited. 3
Stigmas 2. Capsule 2 or 3-celled, cells Qe
seeded, >
“Lactescent and mostly twining npctieeieitninctek: ‘ik:
lary or terminal, ene or many-flowered, floweramostly. bi-
_bracteate.. A few of the tropical species are bb
Species. 1. C. tenellus. (C. trichosauthes, Mich.
Sherardi, Pursh.) 2. aguaticus. 3. Sepium. 4. stans. 5.
thamea. 6. paradoxus. P. (3, 4, 5, and 6, are referred by
Pursh to Catystecia of R. Brown, a genus not suffix
ciently characterised, without Mr. P. has suppressed
something important in abridging it.) 7. Batatas. (Sweet
Potatoe. Cultivated. No where indigenous
America; but spontaneous in India.) 8. odtusilobus. - ry
gittifolius. 10. panduratus. 11. arvensis. runeus. 13.
macrorhizon. (Supposed to have been the C. jala th
shops by Persoon and others, but as a medicine proves
inert, and on the authority of Dr. Baldwyn might rather :
be used as anarticle of diet!) 14. tamnifolius. >
This extensive genus of near 140 species appears. wba
_almost equally divided betwixt India and the warmer re-
~ gions of America, there are also many some in ie :
some in Australasia, only 3 in England, and all
-. small number in the North of Europe, yet. dvenane a
species entirely. wanting in Siberia; some of those withi
» the tropics are remarkably ae whilst others
colder countries are obscure and ine

a
*

124 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

491. IPOMCEA. L. (Bind-weed.)
Calix 5-cleft. Corolla funnelform or campa-
nulate, 5-plaited. Stignia capitate, globose._
Capsule 2 or 3 celled, many-seeded.

Scarcely to be distinguished from the preceding genus
by any other character than the simple and capitate stig-
yma, and the absence of bractes-

Spectres. 1. T)‘Quamoclit. Leaves pennate pinnatifid,
segments linear, flowers bright crimson, capsule ovate 2-
seeded? seed subcylindric-oblong. Cultivated. Indigenous,
or more decidedly naturalized in the hotter parts of Ame- :
rica. 2. coccinea. In the Southern states, and westward =

in Tennessee. 3. dissecta. 4. carolina. 5. lacunosa. 6. or-
. bicularis, ELL. 7. Bona Nox. 8. trichocarpa. 9. Nil. 10.
_ eiliosa.
This genus of about 60 species is likewise almost equal-
_ ly divided betwixt India and the warmer parts of Ameri-
- a. E coccinea, I. tammifolia and I. Wil, appear by some
-- meats to have been introduced,—probably by the abori-
gines, as they are never to be met with but in the vicinity
of settlements. By most, the species of the preceding
zenus with lobed but capitate stigmas are admitted in
Tpomecs but I have followed Mr. Elliott in retaining to

n
=

PS |
|
|
|

4
|
|
|

Ae

ear

~~ *

genus such species only as have a simple capitate
stigma. re SS ae

92, IPOME [ERIA. Ipomorsis. Michaux.

‘Calix subcampanulate, membranaceous atthe _
ise, border 5-cleft. Corolla funnelform, 5-
tobed, segments entire. Stumina unequal,
_ emerging from the tube of the corolla. Stigma
-trifid. . Capsule superior, 3-sided, 3-celled, and
3-valved, many-seeded. Seeds in 2 rows, au-

naked. Pesto

anial or annual and herbaceous plants, with pen-
Pinnatifid leaves; flowers aggregated ina racemose
» axillary and terminal; seeds naked
the seeds are winged or margi-
~ emg is scarcely distinguished

Pursb, under Cantua. Is this oe

: :
PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. v 128

variety or a species? 3. cnconspicua. Ipomopsis inconspicua,
— Exot. Bot. i. t. 14. Altered to 1. parviflora by Mr.
ursh. a
Of this genus, confined thus far to America, there is a
fourth species, £ albida, with white flowers, and bipinnati-
fid leaves, discovered by Dombey, near Lima in Peru. ~
1 have, in restoring this genus of Michaux, altered his
name merely for the sake of euphony, but retained the al-
jusion, without venturing to criticise its exceptionable
composition as formed in part from the name of the pre-—
ceding genus, Ipomea, with the addition of eWus, as in-
dicative of their common resemblance, sufficiently apt
ng when we compare the I coronopifolia with the Ipomea ©
Quamoclit, deducting, indeed, the diversity of habit. That
Michaux’s name has been independently derived from the
Greek, without any reference to Ipfomea, and founded
fe upon its striking appearance, as supposed by the editor of
this article in Rees’s Encyclopedia, seems altogether im-
probable. _ : ‘
Nearly all the genera composing the Naturak Order Po- _

.

lemonidee, are peculiarly indigenous to Ame ica.
+

193. PHLOX. L. pee
Calix deeply 5-cleft, prismatic. orolla sal-
verform, border 5-lobed, flat; lobes cuneate; ~

tube more or less curved. Filaments unequal.
__ Stigma trifid. Capsule roundish ovate, 3-celled, |
ing cells 1-seeded. in
Herbaceous, perennial; in P. speciosa suffruticose; —

. 5 leaves opposite, simple and entire, those of the corymb
~ often alternate; flowers fastigiate or corymbulose, termi« _
nal;.calix more or less foliaceous, subulate or mucronate. —
- Corolla various shade of red or purple, accidentally
Spectres. 1. FP. acuminata. 2. paniculata. 3.
4. pyramidalis. (P. latifolia, Mich.) 5.cordata, Ext. 6. ma-
culata. (P. suaveolens, no Where to be found wild, and ap-
pears to be nothing more than a white flowered variety of
this species, probably raised from seed, as the spotted —
stem of P. maculata is by no means invariable.) 7. eareli-
na. 8. nitida, Pu. 9. glaberrima. 10. speciosa, Pr. 11. pi-
losa. (8. aristata, MicH. a smoother variety of P. pilosa, -
not distinct.) 12. amena, Sims. Bot. Mag. No. 1.
pilosa, of Walter, Michaux, and Pursh; but an irregula
_ cultivated variety. 13. divaricata. 14. ovata. 15. re
"= Men. (P. stolonifera, Bot. Mag. 563.) 16. subi
_ ¢etaceq. “The flowers of this species are com

.

* i

126 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.
- This hardy and ornamental genus, within its, proper li-
limits, is entirely peculiar to North America, with the so-
litary exception of P. sibirica of Northern Asia.

194. *COLLOMIA.} i: >

Calix cyathiform, rather large, border 5-cleft,
acute. Corolla funnelform, 5-lobed, lobes oval-
oblong, very-short, tube straight, long, and slen-
der. Capsule 8-cornered, 3-celled, 3-valved, 3-

_ seeded, valves obcordate. Seed oblong, angu-
Jar, enveloped by a tenacious mucilaginous in-

_ tegument, (visible when mvistened.)

- Annual, leaves alternate, simple, and entire; flowers
_ small and inconspicuous, conglomerated in a terminal fas-
~~. eile, tesembling a capitulum, subtended by several brac-
= tes which are broader than the leaves. ss .
~~ A genus appertaining to the Natural Order PotEmo-
IDES an intermediate with Phloxand Polemonium.

Species. 1. C. linearis. Minutely and pulverulently
“pubescent; ‘leaves oblong-linear, or sublanceolate; involu-
_ efate leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute; bractes and calix

»

ee gs

__ Yiscid. *
_ Phlox linearis? Cavan. °% 6. p. 17. t. 527.
t _hbrous sional

‘near-oblong, sessile, with the margin scabrous and some-
times revolute, rather thick and opaque, without distinct
dateral nerves, after the manner of Phlox, from 10 to 15

amplexicaule, or ovate-lanceolate, acuie, with the base
Near the capitulum diaphanous, and distinctly nerved,
er bractes ovate, about the length of the calix, viscid
ent. Calix cyathiform, (or in the shape of a

her large and membranaceous below the
5-parted, green, segments semi-lanceo-
equally 3-nerved. Corolla monopetalous,

(only about a line long), tube
Aindrie and erect, about twice the
: ggeerds the border, open

fib Stem round, simple, somewhat»
pubescent than the leaves, from 4 to 12 inches. ~~
a

alternate, the lowest pair sometimes opposite, lie

~ Tines tong, 2 or 3 lines wide, and attenuated towards the —
‘point, upper and floral leaves wider at the base, somewhat

orm, S-lobed, lobes oyal-oblong, obtuse, —

character ofthe seed.

*

a €

PENTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 127

above, constricted at the base.. Stamina 5, inclosed in
the tube of the corolla, unequal, anthers roundish. Style
filiform, about the length of the tube; stigma very short, —
trifid. Capsule obovate, shorter than the calix, with 3
obtuse angles, and as many intermediate salient furrows,
cells 3, seeds 3, valves 3, obcordate, carthaceous; recepta-
cle 3-sided, margined, margins parallel to the dissepiments
of the valves. Seed cylindric-oblong, coated with a mu-
cilaginous, insoluble, fibrous, and tenacious integument,
only visible after immersion in water.

Has. Near the banks of the Missouri, about the conflu-
ence of Shian river,and in the vicinity of the Arikaree vil-
lage, in moist places. Flowering in June; flower violace-
eus. It appears to be the same plant figured by Cavanil-
les, and first discovered in Chili. I upper Louisiana, or
above the confluence of the Platte and the Missouri, we
no longer meet with any species of Phlox. ‘To this genus -

' probably alse belongs. D Phine bifora of Chili, whieh is also -
annual, but the habit ge to Diy setieryans . ia

"Cali subcampanulate, : safer. a some-
what rotate, 5-lobed, tube short, closed at its
base by 5 staniiniferous valves or scales, Stiz-

ama trifid.. Capsule 3-celled, superior.
Herbaceous; leaves alternate, pseudo pinnate; flowers
somewhat corymbose,* termina), blue, varying to white.

Species, 1. P. reptans. Stem leaves 3 and 4 pair _
(from 7 to 9) margin-of the¢ommon petiole subciliate; pare
tial leaves elliptic-ovate, 3-nerved, flowers nutant, capsule —
(by abortion) mostly 3-seeded. —The:sgeds of this plant,
after maceration, exhibit something analogous to t a
the preceding genus, but. the mucilaginou fibres re i
tached only to one extremity. :

This genus appears as yet to contain but 2 genuine spe-
cies; the other iscommon to. Kurope and Asia. > i

196. SOLANUM. L£. (Night-shade.) + i:
Callie 5-cleft. persistent. Corolla rotate, ar:
campanulate, 5-lobed, plaited. nthers: partl;
united, emiting | the pollen by 2 pores at the.
point. Berry 2-celled, many-seeded.
= Sempe bores © he oe Jo, feulest, rare
——e H £ €:

eet - ;

ms =

& DITA: MoNdOYSt4,, Bee
7 fe oe ce) ae in atti species ieee by pairs:

# peduncles solitary or'seyeral, one or many-flowered, above -
Pe py athe: axill, seattered of terminal. Pubescence stellate.
*-Sseer es. ‘1 S. nigrum, variety wirginicum. 2. ‘Duica-
ee dha. ~* Becoming naturalized. 3. mammosumn. 4. virginia-
‘f.4, aim. 5. carvlinense. 6. *irdflorumStem unarmed, herbace-
oY us‘and- procumbent; leaves dentately-pinnatifid, smooth,
segments acute, somewhat undulated, with the meen
: i more'or less revolute; peduncles opposite’ the leaves, 2
or 3- flowered.—Flowers smalt and white, revolute; frilit
about the size of : a cherry, green when she Stem a Hit

: ove apatin have some a with the Ss. Fincie :
Fim 'of Peru and: Chi i—Hap. As a weed in and about the

., gardens of the Mane ;
Sleeps Near Fort Mandan.

- "OF this last. genus: there ‘Mee no eas: En 140, pee.

i; 5: + gigs. deséribed, besides what have been recently added ,
- ‘from New Holland and.other places. ‘Some of thespecies
gh {+ <thave become highly mpg nt: in human econom ys such ihe
see g

are the Potatoe (8. gsum) introduced into Europe He
soe + fro ~ ‘the pipe in parts | ie Pay. in the yea ee. ac- f

ant CS Melogena) of ugena mes ca ee nee ‘ -

$ well as in the United St:
Lye : }) of India and the warmer parts o eri Re
ark affording an agreeable and well known condiment; °
to these we may add the S. anguiwi of Madagascar, fur-
“.> “nishing also an esculent fruit; the §. scadrum of Peru a
Pts producing a fruit like an orange, answering the purpose *¢
-..‘. Of a saponaceous abstergent for washing; with the- WPege -

& » Pseudo-capsicum of Madeira every one is- familiar: an a
*+... elegant ‘shrub cultivated for the appearance of its fruit, =
**+ _-* sesembling scarlet cherries. — os
“<- In its geographical distribution the genus Solanum is.
as eee principally confined to the tropical parts of America, and oe

‘ho where more abundant than in Peru and Mexico; there -

oa are also & few « Aaa in India.and Africa, but in Ameri- . * ,

. -. \ ea there are no less than 100. With the exception then S

mt \ of So Dulcamara. and S, nigrum this us is carte ares
*. 7 tihdigenous to the warmer parts of amelie, extending also

= “into Asia and pat. S. nigrum is found apparently

Qe Bh pone gos in part of the world, in North America

sources of the. Missouri. —

in ther

* Goitea st Stated. ; ti is Piety 5 ad's ‘Gut these two: ints ss
_ sulated | species ‘originated im Europe,” > i

7. *ANDROCERA.} (Solanum species. 5.

"Cali ventricose, border 5-cleft, at’ lei
deciduous. Corolla monopetatous, rotate, sub-".
‘ringent, 5-cleft. Stamina unconnected, un- —
equal, declined, ‘the fifth corniform and much"
_Targer than the rest; anthers opening by twe -

_ terminal | pores. Style simple, declined; 3 stigma, ©
0. Berry dry, included in the valyular base of
the calix.: ‘Seedimmarginate, rugose. - “ a :
..>. Habit similar to Solanum; flowers. in erect lateral tas
éemes, irregu bash rotate, yellow; anthers separate, one of -

~ them “remarks Besgeeriy *eec* resembling : those | or
i +, Waturas .;

— Specres, -L % lobata, rng hirsute, and heiinaiae

= y lobed, segments obtuse,
la e3 1 racemes lateral, ragga ee

p. Am. ip. 156, and

+ he Sine Stem hervy, branched, aaeee are
~ bescent as well as every other part of the -plaai; pubes~ *

th p peekics, 2 forthe most aa a Spee eo ae

Garnet extern: it the two lower reepments.
* divaricate and acuminate. Stamina short, _
* ders declined, one.of twice as, large as the fest.
Behe declined, in use; stigma indistinct. Berry © me
_ dry, 1-celled? inch in the sphetical spiny base of the —°
_ ealix, the base dividing at length into 5 valyes. Seeds” -
"numerous, nearly black, rugose, angular, compressed, and - —
-. some ewhat reniform, but withont margin. ©
“Hasrtar. Near the banks of the Missouri, in pete:
- denudated soils, from] the co fluence of the aives es:

° From aveesa man, (alsa te: anther, or cu rg
plants), and x:gas, a horn; in allusion eee common
<eeaiaee ee

130 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. {
to the mountainse Flow ering in July and August. Nearly ]
allied, though appatently distinct from the Solanum cornite |

é tum, so well figur ed in the Annales du Museum. ‘To this i
genus, if such it may be considered, this latter species |
“28 also be added, and probably the Solanum V espertilia, ‘
of Aiton.

198. PHY SALIS. L. (Ground- cherry. Winter-
here. J “
oft! y 2-celled, covered by the inflated ealix.
a campanulate-rotate; tube marked with 5
: sapien concave beprepsiong. Stamina con-
~nivent, :
“Annual | or perennial, some of the speciés shrubs; leaves ‘
for. the most part by pai: 8; flowers lateral, solitary, or se-—
yeral together.
Although the fruit thine gepus s has generally been con-
sidered narcotic, the berr ‘east all the species indigenous
to the United States, «re commonly eaten with safety
perfectly ripe; they are -sweetish and subacid, and are
~~ every where known by the name of. t “ ground-cherries.”
: Specins. 1. Piwiscosa. 2. obscura. 3. lanceolata.’ 4. pen- i
.. sylvanica. 5. angulata. 6. philadelphica. 7. pubescens. .
This genus is almost exclusively. indigenous to India -
and America; in Europe there is but 3 species, the P. Al-
kekengi, there is also opened at the Cape of Good Hopes
and the P. somnifera, a shrub indigenous to Mexico, is now
tura in Crete, and Spain.” ‘

i ICANDRA. Adi unson. ae ae
- Calix 5-parted, &} anglesj_ angles com-
rAd, segments sagittate. Corolla campanu-
fate. Stamina incurved. Seg 8 to Spee
SS overed by theecalix, 2
ilar to th rd
1 NWN Phycaiedee
rejectments of ga rde
ee atolep ot one Be

Tage

turalized, fsond

PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNTe ~ 13h

persistent. Capsule 4-celled, 4-valxéd; smooth
or spiny. Se — .

Herbaceous and annual plants; extremely foetid and nar-
cotic, leaves by pairs; flowers solitary, lateral, and dicho-
tomal, opening towards sun-set. Be As

Species. 1. D. stramonium. Overrunning wastes and
gardens from the coast of the Atlantic to the sources of
the Missouri; but originating probably in South America,

_or in Asia, it is now also naturalized throughout Europe.

Parkinson in his Paradisius, p. 362, says, that the Datu-
ras (including the present species) were brought from

» Turkey and’ Egypt, and that Garcias and Christopher

ee Acosta with others, affirmed that they grew in the East
Indies. From Boerhaave, the physician and botanist, we
also learn that the Datura Stramonium is indigenous to
the East Indies, and calied Datura in the vernacular lan-
guage of the country, he also adds, that acquainted with
its narcotic properties, the natives sometimes employed
it as a poison, &c. the same account in part has been re-
fently corroborated by the testimony of Colonel Hard- _
wicke, an interesting botanical traveller. Has then the
Datura Stramonium been introduced into America from
India, and by what means? * | oe 2 Ee
Of Datura Persoon enumerates 7 species, forming a-
distinct genus of the D. arborea under the name of Brug-
mansia; of these 7, 1 is indigenous to China, 1 to Egypt,
the fatid D. Metelto Asia, Africa and the Canary islands,
the D. levis to Abyssinia, and the D. ceratacayvla to the.
isle of Cuba, the real habitat of the D. iaiula and the D.
Straménium, can now no longer be ascertained. :

The D. Stramonium, lately introduced into medical _

practice, appears to operate specifically upon the optic
‘nerve when taken-in any considerable quanti y, producing —
a remarkable dilatation of the pupil of the eye, anc whea
taken inadvertently in dangerous Sepiter, it has been

er

4

known to induce temporary blind ness.

201. HYOSCYAMUS. L. (Henbane.) 2
Calia tubular, border 5-cleft. Corolla funnel-
form, 5-lobed, irregular, lobes obtuse. Stami-
na saw Stigma capitate. Capsule oper- —
culate, 2-celled, — re =e

~ Herbaceous; floral leaves.often by pairs; flowers solie
tary, axillary, often inclined to one side of thestem
Species. 1. H.niger. Naturatized in Cat

Ret:

R
a

; > *
182 _- BENTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA.

_ Northern states. The whole plant is poisonous and nar-
-— cotic, excepting the oil expressed from its cotyledons,
~ Which is innoxious. «os Fie

~

South of Europe, and the East, there is also 1 species in
Siberia.

202. NICOTIANA, Z. (Tobacco.)

Calix urceolate, 5-cleft., Corolla fynnel form,
border plaited, 5-cleft. Stamina inclined. Cap-
_ Sule 2 to 4-valved, 2-celled.

». + Herbaceous or rarely suffruticose, flowers terminal, Ta-
-cemose or paniculate, segments acute or obtuse. Capsule

in most of the species partly 4-valved.
Species. 1. WV. Tabacum. Cultivated. No where de-
cidedly indigenous. Introduced into North America ap-
parently by the aborigines. Near the confluence of Pid-
* geon river with the Tennessee, and in some other parts
of the state of Tennessee, I am assured by the earliest
settlers, that Tobacco came up spontaneous around the
: _ ruins of the ancient aboriginal stations. The genuine ha-
— ~~ bitat of the Wicotiana Tabacum, though so confidently re-
ferred to America, still appears to be involved in obscu-

_ rity; in Europe it was first made known about the year
_ 1560 by Nicot, a French ambassador, who had received
seeds of it from Florida during his residence at Lisbon,
nd it was in honour of him that the genus acquired its
name; about the same time also the Spaniards received it
_ from Tobaco, a province of Yucatan, hence its common
5; name. ‘The learned Savary, however, asserts that the
Persians have cultivated Tobacco (now) more than 400
—-s-years, and that they received it from Egypt. 2. rustica,
-... According to the observations of the late Dr. B. S. Bar-
ton, cultivated and introduced by the indigenes. Still na-
-_turalized near the borders of some of the smaller lakes in
the western parts of the state ef New York. Cultivated
30 by the aborigines of the Missisippi, and by some of
es on the Missouri. JV. 8. guadrivalvis, Pursh.
stem low, erect, and diffusely branched; leaves
rather short, acute and sessile, sometimes au-
the base; calix campanulate, alittle shorter than
€ of the corolla, somewhat inflated, closed, rad
a ‘$ acuminate; limb of the corolla expetilics ne ly
_ Hat, segments acute; capsule roundish, 4-valved.
Stem J to 2 feet high; flowers white, in a scattered pa»
_nicle, opening about sun-set, calix viscid,

‘gel adits

fis a 34 nage

The genys Hyoscyamus appertains principally to the .

+3
|

‘pa
= 3 .

* ~ : %

PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. ——_133

‘Cultivated by the aborigines of the Missouri from the
river Platte to the mountains, also by the natives who in-
habit on the banks of the Columbia river. Ihave no where
seen it spontaneous, but am informed of its existence as
| such on the banks of the Columbia. The ‘Tobacco most .
i esteemed by the Indians of the Missouri is that which
they obtain from the flowers, preserving the viscid calix™
and rejecting the corolla. Ee

This genus now consisting of 13 species is for the most
part indigenous to South America; there is however 1 spe-
cies in China, the .V. fruticosa, and another around Port
f Jackson in New Holland.

It is doubtful whether all the benefits which have ac-
crued to Europe from the discovery of America, have not
been counterbalanced by the introduction of this univers
sal luxury, produced at the expense of human liberty, and
of a soil which could otherwise be employed in augmente
ing the necessaries of life, independent of the diseases in-
separable from the use of so powerful a narcotic.

203. VERBASCUM. ZL. (Mullein.)

Calix 5-parted. Corolla rotate, 5-lobed, un-
equal. Stamina declined, bearded. Sigma sim- |
ple. Capsule 2-celled, valves inflected, many-_
seeded. ; ,

Herbaceous or rarely suffruticose, mostly biennial;
leaves ofien decurrent.on the stem, entire, deeply tooth-
ed, or more or less pinnatifidly lobed; pubescence stellate

>

racemosely paniculate. Anthers 1.celled.
Srecres. 1. V. Thapsus. Introduced. Now nat Mees
ized. Pubescence ramified, and proliferously articulated.
‘The capsules of this plant, about the period of maturity,
: are said to possess a degree of irritability, suddenly clos-
‘ ing with crepitation after being forcibly struck. Accord=" _
‘ ing to the observations of Dr. Smith in Flor. Brit. 1. p.

species have been introduced. Now naturalized. 4,
This genus is chiefly indigenous to the South of Ex- _
rope, there are a few species also in the Levant, anda
shrubby and spiny species in the isle of Crete. V. Clays
ont appears to be 2 mer variety of V. Blaitaria,. . 9°

or simple and glandutiferous; flowers densely spiked or

250, the whole herb is mucilaginous, emollient, and some-
Whet narcotic. 2% gchnitie. 3. Blattaria. Both these

ie = PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

204. SPIGELIA. L. (Carolina Pink-root.y
- Calix 5-parted. Corolla funnel-form, border
§-clelt, equal. Anthers convergent. Capsule

didymous, 2-celled, 4-valved, many-seeded.

Herbaceous or suffruticose; leaves opposite; flowers

bracteolate, in a terminal unilateral spike or cyme.
Species. 1. S. marilandica. Well known as an an-
thelmintic. Flowers, externally brilliant crimson, inter-
nally greenish, corolla somewhat club-shaped campanu-
late, style fusiform, exserted. This plant was formerly
found near Baltimore, in Maryland; it is now rare in Vir-

Ba) this genus there are 2 other species in Brass and
Cayenne. ;
205. OPHIORHIZA. L.

Calix 5-cleft: Corolla funnel-form, 5-cleft.
Germ bifid. Stigmata 2. Capsule mitre-form-
ed, 2-lobed, 2-celled, many-seeded.

-- Herbaceous or suffruticose; leaves opposite; flowers
bracteolate, in lateral and terminal cymes.

Species. 1. O. Mitreola. 2. lanceolata, ELLIOTT.
© (Cynoctonum petiolatum, Gmelin, Syst. Veg. 443.)
ae this genus there are but 2 other species; the 0.

of the East Indies, and OQ. subumbellata of the
of Otaheite, in the Pacific. = _

3. . SABBATIA. Adanson.

— Calia 5 to 12- parted. Corolla soll 5 e 12-
‘parted. Stigmas 2, spiral. Anthers at length
revolute. Capsule 1-celled, ides cc many-
seeded.

Annual and perennial; wees Opposite, entire; flowers
otomal and terminal, | often Fastigiate. (Biter and

Ls HF fog 0 (Ss. stellaris, Pursh. ) 2. an~
- calyc brachiata, Ext. 5. cone

*

a culata. 8. corymbosa.
Oieritan genus, nearly allied to Claronia,.~

L. (Swamp Honeys ckle.) =:
Catie ‘5-parted. Corolla funnel-form, or cam-
ae oo —. ‘Stamina declined,

PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA, 185

inserted upon the torus or receptacle. Style de-
clined; stigma obtuse. Capsule 5-celled.

Shrubs with alternate entire leaves; commonly more or
less strigose on the margin and nerves; flowers bracteo-
late, solitary (in 2. indica, &c.) more commonly in ter-

: minal fastigiate clusters, appearing before the _expan-_
sion of the leaves, or more rarely pee (as in 4. viscosa,
&c.) colour white, red, scarlet, and yellow.

Species. 1, 4.calendulacea. This plant appearsto be
now considered as nothing more than a variety of 4. pone
tica of the Levant. 2 canescens. 3. bicolor. 4.nudiflara. 5.
viscosa. Of this species the most remarkable spontane-
ous variety, is the 4. viscosa, glauca, very unnecessarily
made a species by Mr, Pursh; in this plant the leaves are
constantly glaucous on both surfaces, in other respects it
is Hat dis:inguishable from 2. viscosa. 6. procumbens. | On
the White Mountains of New Hampshire.

This fine genus, so much esteemed by horticulturists
and florists for the beauty and fragrance of its flowers,

exists chiefly in North America. There is, po nah Ee 1
species’ in India, which has been long cultivated: by the
Chinese; another i in Laplar but scarcely of the same ge-
Dus any—twure-that ine2, prochmbensof the Berepson =
alps which has opposite leaves; the Azalea rosmarinifolia *

of Japan appears to be equally dubious considered as a —
congener of the 4. pontica and the American speci€s,

208. BUMELIA. Swartz.

Calix 5-parted. Corolla salver-form, deeply”
. 5-parted. .Vectarium (or i inner corolla) 5-leav-
ed. Drupe i-seeded. tae

Shrubs or small trees, often spi t, br n }
| eae uose, much divided; leaves siropla: shavearee
; = ly sempervirent; flowers in lateral or aaary hiner
eS eee ae oe ree :
oo.

: = a |
. PENTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA.

ticed by Mr. J. Bradbury, near the lead mines of St. Louis
on the Missisippi; it is also abundant as far down the ri-
ver as Natchez. * ;

The B. serrata, inadvertently described by Mr. Pursh, -
Was nothing more than a young branch of the Prunus ca-
roliniana without flowers, which I had collected near the
town of Natchez on the Missisippi. 1 have thought it no |
less than my duty to the public to rectify this mistake, |
without, I hope, intending any personal reflection, as we ‘|

as

are all equally liable to prevailing error. ‘ <i
‘The rest of this genus, exclusively American, is confin-,

ed to the West India islands. . ]
44 Flowers monopetalous, superior. #4
209. CAMPANULA. (Bell-flower.) =. |

- Calix mostly 5-cleft. Corolla campanulate,

__ the base closed with 5 staminiferous valves.

_ Stigma 3 to 5-cleft. Capsule inferior, 3 or rare-
ly 5-celled, opening by lateral pores.

__ Lactescent; herbaceous or rarely suffruticose; flowers
~~ ~~practeate, axillary, sotitary or fusctcutate; sometimes in
_ terminal spikes or panicles; in a few species the corolla is
_- Mearlyrotate. Ms ae

~~ Spreres. 1. C.rotundifolia. Well named decipiens by
_ Persoon, as there are very seldom any round leaves to be
_ seen on the plant. 2. divaricata. 3. americana. 4. acuntina- 4
~ ta. 5. nitida. 6. Erinoides. (C. flexuosa? Mich. C. apari-
= noides, Pursh.) § 11. Lecousra. Corolla salver-form. ‘a

Stigma 2 or 3-cleft. Capsule prismatic-cylindric, 2 or -
_ gelled, many-seeded.—7. amplexicaulis.. (C. bifora? Flor.

_Peruv.) ;

d by the Cape of Good Hope; in the whole con- —_
Serer tem aiect 2 species described,

ed, 1 or2 of the segments very

PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 137

large, resembling coloured bractes. Corolla long
and tubulous, border recurved. Stamina ex-
serted, inserted near the base of the tube. Cap-
sule roundish, at length opening with 2 valves
in a contrary direction to the double dissepi-
ment. Seeds winged, transversely arranged
upon the receptacle. A

A small tree, with entire, opposite and stipulate leaves;
panicle terminal; fascicles from 4 to 5-flowered; flov
rather large. Nearly allied to Cinchona, differing more
by the Aabit than the character of the fruit, which when
quite mature is distinctly bipartile in the line of the dis-
sepiment, after the manner of Cinchona, the partition is.
therefore not contrary to the valves, but a continuation -
of their margin, proceeding inwards to the receptacle or -
axis of the capsule; the fruit of Pinckneya is in fact 2-cell-
ed and 4-valved, the seed-vessel never completely open-
ing before the destruction of the tenaceous integument

_ Which surrounds it. © x

Srecies. 1. P. pubens. In Sphagnose swamps from -
Carolina to Florida. Near Savannah in Georgia, &c. usu-
ally not far from the sea-coast—Hitherto there is but 1
Species discovered. Its bark appears from the taste and
appearance altogether similar to that of Cinchona, and is
probably medicinal. The monstrous and finely discolour-
ed bracteiform segments of its calix, of a pink red, ren-

der it highly ornamental, but it does not long survive its
“transplantation in Europe; it would probably thrive bet-
- better in bog-soil, on the margin of an aquarium supplied
with artificial heat. : a ;
211, CHIOCOCCA. Brown. L. ot ee
Calix 5-toothed. . Corolla funnel-form, equal.

_ Berry compressed, didymous, 2-seeded, inferior.

< reet or scandent shrubs; leaves opposite, entire; flows

ers axillary, racemose or solitary. . ;

. Specizs. 1. €. racemosa. On the sea-coast of Flori- _
—Of this genus there are 2 other species; 1 im Peruy
another discovered by Forster in the Society and
islands of the a ss se

¥

eg,

138 PENTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA.

a.

212. CAPRIFOLIUM. Tournefort. Juss. (Coral. ;
_ _Honey-suckle.)

Calix 5-toothed, bracteate at the base. Co-
rolla long and tubulous 5-cleft. Recres-tclict,
many-seeded, distinct. ’

Shrubs with twining stems, leaves connate at the base; re,

flawers sessile tesmpinil itate, or eed verticillate,
verticills 6-flowered. ae

te is 1. i 2. gratium, (EC. ghar: =
probab varie’ jis species.) pant

species I have observed as far westward Sporn Risnsea
on the Missour Fatih sufinclinied to believe the €. ciliosum
of Pursh a me iety of it.

OF this genus, so much esteemed in the gardens ior its
beauty and its odor, there are besides the above. species,

the C. Periclymenum or Woodbine of Europe, and the C.

japonicum.

e135, XYLOSTEUM. Tournf. Juss

Flowers by pairs on the summit of the same _
peduncle.—Calix 5-toothed, bracteate at the —

base. Corolla 5-cleft or 5-lobed, nearly equal,
or irregular and bilabiate. Berries by pairs,
united cis or only at the. pace 2-celled,

Erect shrubs, pélbericiés oA rered, “axill lary, dolitary.
Srecres. 1. X. ciliatum. Pursh. Pc distinct from —
_ &. tataricum; the variety 8. album. of Mr. Pursh be
5 white berries is Symphoria racemosa f Michaux,*no' ui
_ tivated in séveral gardens near Philad
_ collected by the late governor Lewis. -
manary, oe in arr, five species in
» one in Barb one” soto Mi
a Sent ary, ‘in _

% ior subequal, ~ Stig-
se suber. =r vate, small; crowned with

*
ae

“a

“PENTANDRIAL ‘MONOGYNTL. 189

the persistent calix, 4-celled, 4 -seeded, 2 of the
cells sometimes abortive,

pha Sen! we pin small, conglomerate and axillary,
or in termi mes gntarh. oe internall ube-
scent as in Mitchella. een he A
“Spectes. 1. S.- glomerata. (Ltciivert Piiitesicorses:
‘Willd. Spec. Plant. 1. p. 989.) Partial racemes axillary,
crowded, imbricated in four ranks; flowers cylindric-

\ he campanulate, bractea 3-leaved—PFlowers greenish-red;
Le: _ berries bluish-purple- From Virginia to Florida; in
r ee. Tennessee and up the Missouri to its sources. Com-

mons 2. racemosa. Berries large, opaque, and white—

_ In Upper Canada, not far from Queenston on the Niagara
_Tiver; near the outlet of Lake Huron, “and on the banks
of the Missouri. Not rare. This genus is confined to
North America, Allied to Mitchella?

215, DIERVILLA. Tournefort.. Juss.

Se Cali oblot o, 5-cleft, bracteate at the base.
¥ Corolla double t e length of calix, funnelform,
~ — S.cleft,, spreading. Stigma capitate. Capsule

_ oblong, naked, acute, 4-celled, many-seeded.
Seeds: rater

Re .. shrub with entire serrated leaves; pedencles axillary
eS terminal, dichotomous, mostly S-flowered; flowers

__ yellow. .
- Species. 1. D, Tourneforti. The only species of the
sn tunis and sd sas indigenous.

pr (Reversal =

f

ewhat tet gy Ne ecYekte:
crowned: with the calix.

‘ r Sher hirsute above. Calix, corolla and younger a
; : —. yiscosely-pubescent, » 5 een intel nie

he

140 | PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

is confined to North America, with the exception of a 3d
_ species said to grow in Madagascar? The root is emetic
and cathartic. — 2

ttt} Flowers pentapetalous, superior.

217. RIBES, L. (Currant and Gooseberry.)

Calix superior, campanulate, 5-cleft. Petals
and stamina inserted upon the calix. Style bi-
| fid. Berry many-seeded.
A genus of shrubs, with alternate lobed leaves, con-
sisting of two natural sections. First, GrossuLARIA
_ (Gooseberry) with simple or divided axillary thorns; pe-
duncles few-flowered, fruit larger. Second, RisEsta
(Currant), without axillary thorns; flowers in racemes.
—Fruit mostly edible and subacid.
Specises. § 1.R1pes14.—l. R. albinervium. 2. trifidum.
_ S-rigens. 4. prostratum. 5. resinosum. 6. viscosissimum. Ph.
7. sanguineum. 8. aureum. Flowers highly odorous in one
of the varieties; berries larger or smaller, red, fulvous,
and black, the latter of these colours is that which is natu-
ral. 9.recurvatum. 10. pensylvdnicum. Apparently a per-
manent yariety of R. nigrum—§ 11. GrossuLARIA.
(Gooseberry.) 11, rotundifolium..12. hirtellum. 13. gracile.
14. triflorum. 15. oxycanthoides. 16. lacustris? Axillary
spines ge Stem very Bagi (as in Robinia ete
leaves deeply cut, 5-lobed, smooth, segments unequally
cleft, and toothed; racemes few-flowered, rather long and
pendulous; berries roundish-ovoid, hairy, black.—Pubes-
cence ferruginous, berries sour, rather insipid. Has. In
dark and swampy forests amongst rocks, on the i
of lake Huron, near Michilimakinak. 17. Cynosbati.
Nearly all the species of this interesting genus are al-
pine. In the north of Europe there are 6 species (all of
them spontaneous in Britain;) 5 in Siberia, 2 of them in
Dauria, 1 upon the granitic mountains of Songaria, and 2
others also discovered by Pallas upon the loftiest summits
of the Mongolian chain; there are 6 other species of this
a 10 a4 the Andes of Lap Chili.

oa _—

= : f ae
218. DROSERA. LZ. (Sun-dew.).

3.

PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA, 141

{Hit Flowers pentapetalous, inferior

e

Calix 5-cleft, persistent. Petals 5. Anthers
lobed, growing to the filaments. Germ supe-

rior. Style 1. Stigmas 3 or 4 divergent, deeply
bifid. Capsule 1-celledy 3 or 4-valved, many-
rity Seeds attached to the middle of each
valve,

3 : Y Did. eeme sO u |
long, obtuse, smooth; petals oblong; stigmata 3 or 4, deeply
bifid, apex clavate, capsule 3-valved; seeds very nume--

Herbaceous; leaves radical, alternate, stipulate, laminz
discoid or elongated, denticulately ciliated and covered
with glandulous, capitate filaments, somewhat resembling
the tentaculi of some marine animals, and capable of slow
contraction in order to retain and destroy irritating insects;
flowers in cymose racemes; scape at first circinately invo-
lute, petals marcesent. A genus yery nearly allied to
Dion@a, ee :

Species. 1. D. rotundifolia. Ons. Leaf suborbiculates
dilated, petiole elongated, hairy on the upper side; ra

Cemie: latte

the calix Tnear-ob

rous, subulately alated, imbricate, longer than the breadth
ofthe valves. -

2. longifolia. » Ons. Caudex elongated 4 or 8 inches
after the manner ofa stem. Leaves 2 to 4 inches long,
obovate, disk and ciliate margin glandular; stipules about

- 10-cleft, caplet raceme simple; flowers

segments F ;

long, obtuse, short. Has. Both these species are com-

Mon near Philadelphia, but paaorey in New cy
3. brevifolia, Pur'sh. Ons. Sc: or 3 inches high,

: simple; leaves cuneate, suborbiculate, denticulately ciliate,

disk glanduliferous, marked with an obcordate nerve (as

in all the preceding); petiole scarcely longer than the

_ oblong-oval, obtuse; stigmata 3, deeply tieghein. » oy, : s

me,

lamina, smooth on the upper side; stipules scariose, 3 or
4-cleft; segments-of the calix, which is smooth,

capsule 3-valved; seeds black, minute, shorter than

' breadth of the valves, oblong-ovate, obtuse at each extre-
mity.—Has. From North Carolina to Georgia, on the .

- margins of sandy ponds; often in dry and arid situations.
Slearly

allied to D. Burmanni of Ceylon and Cochinchina.

“the calix oblong-ovate, obtuse. Seeds ob-

142 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

4, filiformis, Leaves filiform and subulate, very long
_ (6 to 9 inches), covered from the base to the summit with
tentaculoid, glandulous filaments, smooth on the “—
side, vircinately involute, or rolled inward from the bas
to the point, (similar to the unexpanded frond of a
Fern). Stipule complicately-dissected, resembling a lanu-
ginous web. Scape smooth, about the length of the leaf,
racemosely cymose, simple or bifid, few-flowered; bractes ’
subulate, longer than the pedicells. Calix 5-parted, seg-
‘ments unequal, short, the larger oboval, very obtuse, ex-
ternally covered with a short viscid pubescence. Petals
numerously and longitudinally veined, oboval, pale purple.
Stamina 5, anthers bilobed, oblong, yellow, pollen large
in twin globules. Style sessile, stigmas 3, deeply bitid,
__ summit somewhat incrassated, viscid. Seeds black, mi- -
» fMute, ovate, acute, punctured. ‘This singular species 0
Drosera Was first discovered in New Jersey by Mr. Rafa-
eeagie and described in the second volume of the New
York Medical Repository. It appears to be nearly allied
_ to D. lusitanica with which it ought to be compared. «
Of this singular genus there are 4 species in Eu-
oe rope; the D. lusitanica appears. to be almost a distinct
--.. genus, having subumbellate decandrous flowers and con-
sequently. very néarty allied to Dionea; there are @ species
at the Cape of Good Hope, of which the D. cistiflora seems z
¥ to be also a separate genus; and one species in Cey-
... lon nearly allied to the D. brevifolia; the D. indica also
: appears inadmissible as a Drosera, having a branching
_. stem;-the very singular D; peltata’ and D. pedata! of
New Holland are indubitably distinct from the European

Besides the botanical affinities existing betwixt Drosera
and Dionea, there is also a similarity in their physical
properties. Both give out by expression a. yellow and
partly resinous fluid, which to the taste is sweet and
somewhat astringent, but quickly succeeded by a transient

est pungency. | » -

- 219. WITIS. L. (Vine.) :
_ Calix minute, 5-toothed or entire. Petals 5,
mostly cohereing above in the manner of a
calyptram, coming off at the base, and then deci-
duous. Style 0. Stigma capitate. Berry 5-
seeded, superior, round or rarely ovate. (Flowers

_ mostly dioicous.) ie

8

Be 3

| PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 143

Leaves simple and cordate, angularly or sinuately lobed,
rarely digitate or pinnate (Cissus?) flowers numerous, in
compound racemes, not uncommonly producing 4, 6 and
_ 7 petals, with a corresponding number of stamens, calix

mostly entire, or obsoletely crenate; a glandulous disk

surrounding the germ; tendril dichotomous, sometimes °

producing ‘flowers, therefore analogous to a sterile ra-
ceme. sg

Species. 1. V. Labrusca. 2. estivalis. Under side of
the younger leaves spread with an arachnoid tomentum.
3. cordifolia. 4. riparia. 5. rotundifolia. 6. palmata? All the
North American species of Vitis, are polygamous and di-
oicous; the male flower mostly contains an abortive germ.

It is probable that hybrids betwixt the European vine,

(Vitis vinifera) and those of the United States would bet- -
.ter answer the variable climates of North America than
the unacclimated vine of Europe. When a portion of the
same industry shall have been bestowed upon the cultiva-
tion of the native vines of America, as that which has for
so Many ages and by so many nations been devoted to the
amelioration of the Vitis vinifera, wecan then no :
imagine the citizens of the United States indebted to Eu-
rope for the luxury of wine. It is not, however, inthe
wilds of uncultivated nature that we are to obtain vines
worthy of cultivation, were this the case Europe would to
the present have known no other Malus than the worth- —
less and austere crab in place of the finest apple,noether =
Pyrus‘than the acerb and inedible Pyraster or stone pear, —
from which cultivation has obtained all the other varieties.

it is from seed that new and valuable varieties are invari-

ably to be obtained. ‘There is, however, at the present

time, a variety of one of the native species cultivated under

the name of ‘ Bland’s grape,’ an hybrid? no Way, in my

opinion, inferior to some of the best European grapes.

_ According to the observations of Z. Collins, Esq. who has —

long cultivated it ina garden, it far exceeds in producing,

every other vine in the United States, and is perfectly

hard. : * 4 a ee 2
of this genus there are besides the Vitis vinifera of
Europe, 2 species in India, one of them said to be com-
mon to the West Indies, 2 species in Japan, and 2 without ee
220, CISSUS. L. AMPELorsis. Mich. he

- Calice minute, 4 or 5-toothed. Petals 4or5,
unconnected above, spreading, deciduous. Germ

ee
*
sti

144 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

surrounded with a glandulous disk. Berry 2-
celled, 2 to 4-seeded. (Stamina sometimes 4.)

Sarmentose or twining shrubs similar to the preceding,

- but brittle or soluble at the joints; leaves simple, ternate,

quinate, or pinnate; flowers in dior trichotomous, com-
pound racemes, ofien corymbose. ae

Species. 1. C. Ampelopis. 2. hederacea. Articulations
and petioles tumid; racemes cymose, flowers by 2’s or 3’s,
petals 5, cucullate, unconnected; stamina 5, seated upon
the petals, anthers horizontal, connected to the subulate
filaments about the middle; glandular disk none. Germ
conic, 4-seeded. Style 0. Stigma minute, glandular. Can

_ this be referrible to the genus Cissus? 3. bipinnata. (C.
=

. Persoon.) »
_ ‘The gefus Cissus, with the exception of the above, is
entirely tropical; there are 10 species in Peru and the
West Indies, 11 in India and the neighbouring islands, }
in Arabia Felix, and another commop to India and Arabia,
2 at the Cape cf Good Hope, and 2 in Japan, and 1 ac-
cording to Lamark in the Levant.

No species of this genus appears to afford edible fruit,
notwithstanding its near affinity to Vitis. 1 have never-
theless been informed that the fruit of the C. d/pennata
becomes agreeable when perfectly matured; to my taste

they are always nauseous like the berries of the genus

221. ITEA. L. :

Calix small, 5-cleft. Petals 5, linear, reflexly

spreading, inserted upon the calix. Stigma capi-
tate, 2-lobed. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved many-
seeded; the seeds attached to the inflected mar-
gins of the valves.

__ A shrub with alternate, minutely bistipulated leaves;
spikes solitary, terminal; bractes deciduous. (Flowers

_ ~ white and odorous.)
, SPecres. 1.7. virginica. Like the following grow-

ing pie apa on the margins of swamps and stagnating
rivulets.
The only species, and peculiar to North America.

2992. CYRILLA. L.

Calix minute, subturbinate, s-parted. Pe-

tals 5, stellately spreading. Stigmas 2, (rarely

|
|

praetor

PENTANDLI Ae MONOGYNIA, 145°

3.) Capsule 2- celled, 2-seeded, not opening.
Seed ov ate, attached to the summ{t of the recep-
} tacular axis by means of an umbilical filament.

Shrubs with subverticillated branches, verticills distant;
leaves alternate, entire, without stipules; racemes terminal,
clustered; flowers smali and white, pedicells bibractedlate.

Svecies. 1. C. caroliniana. Of this genus there is ano-
ther species described by Michaux or Richard as growing
in the islands of the Antilles.

£23. GALAX. L. ERyTHRoreiza. Mich. ~ So-*
LANANDRA. Persoon. (Beeile-weed.)

Calix 5-parted, persistent. Corolla twice the
Jength of the calix, 5-petalied: peials affixed to
the base of the stamina. .dntheriferous tube 10-
cleft, the 5 shorter segments bearing the anthers.
Stigma S-lobed. | ule ‘s-celled, 8-valved, |
valves septiferous in the cei a AE |

_ ailixed to a central axis :

Piss coria-

Herbaceous, 5 rene and sem’
~ eeous, all radical, reniform, and crenate on the margin;
scape naked, mapy flowered; flowers small and white, —

disposed in a long spike. fs not Guanera magellanica —
and the Lanpank nke of Feuiliée, 2. t. 31. allied to this genus?)
Species. 1. G. aphylia. A subalpine plant, abundant _
“ont the margins of running springs, beneath the shade —
of Kalmia latifolia ov Rhododendrum maximum, through-_
put the high mountains of Virginia, Tennessee, Carolina

and Georgia. Yhe root is red and astringent. The
~ whole plant spontaneously exbales a stereoraceaus odor, —
which is not sensible eae hcigsine leaf! from
this singular property that it has o
pach 2 or a vulgarism equivalent to by the inha-_
bitants and hunters in the mountains of North Carolina.
There is but one species of this genus and peculiar to

= _IMPAT TENS. I. (Balsam, Toscheaeaey,

Calix 2-leaved. Corolla 4-petalled, i
a 2 interior petals unequally bilo
thium. Cae a wil al

146 VENTANDRIA. MONOGYNiIA,

thers at first cohering. Capsule superior, 5-
valved, elastic. — }

*Tender and herbaceous plants with succulent stems;
leaves alternate or rarely opposite, without stipules; pe-
duncles axillary, 1 or many-flowered.

Species. 1. I * pallida, peduncles solitary, 5 or 4-flower-
ed; lepanthium (petaloid nectary) obtusely conic, dilated,
shorter than the petals; spur recurved, very short; flower

citron yellow, sparingly punctate; leaf rhombic-ovate,
_Mucronulately toothed. _

. £. Noiitangere. Pursh. Flor. Am. 1. p. 171. ;

Ozs. Stem tall and much branched, tumid at the joints,

~ diaphanous. Leaves of an uniform green, rather acute,
__ lower ones upon longish petioles; Racemes from 3 to 5-
flowered; bractes ovate-acuminate. Leaves of the calix
roundish, dilated. Petals 4, including the lepanthium;

_ eptive. I. Nolitangere, B. Mich. 2. p. 149. which spe-
_ Cies it more nearly res2mbles than the preceding.

_ Ons. Plant. glaucous, and diaphanous, smaller than J.
pallida, which it, however, closely resembles, excluding
the specific character. Capsule 5-angled, 3 to 5-seeded,
‘Seed subprismatic with 4 angles. Cotyledones flat, cari-
_ hate, cupreous green. Perisperm none. Has. Extremely
common on the alluvions of streams. _ =

This species is sometimes used for dying Salmon-red.
The other species of this genus, with the exception _
of E Nolitangere of Burope, ave indigenous to China, —
India, and the Cape of Gooc Hope. : *

PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNTA. 147

225. VIOLA. E. (Violet.) ©

Calix 5-leaved, produced at the base. Corolla
5-petalled, irregular, the lower petal cornute
behind. nthers connivent, cohering at the
membranaceous apex, Capsule superior, 3-
valved, 1-celled. ae a

Herbaceous, rarely shrubby; leates alternate, stipulate;
peduncles radical or axillary, 1-flowered, flowers often
- verted. (Capsule cartilaginous, obtusely triangular,
valves seminiferous in the middie, contracting when open,
and ejecting the seeds with elasticity; seeds in S rows,
eovered with a fragile coloured shell; hilum carunculate;
corculum erect and flat, in the centre of a carneous peris-
perm; cotyledons roundish-oval, radicle cylindric.—AllL
the North American species of Viola, like the V. canina,
continue through the summer to produce apetalous flow-
ers and fruit; (with the exception of the anomalous V.

similar to this.
_ 2. palmata. Leaves always

wie Ve cus
eullata by the constancy of the pubescence; stigma capi-
tate, recurved, rostrate, depressed, margined all round;
segments of the calix acute. eee
3. sagittata. Leaf, nearly smooth, or sometimes slightly
pubescent on the upper side, often hastate; flower scarcely
to be distinguished from that of V. cucudlata. 8.*emargina- _
ta. Leaves similar tothose of V. sazittata, almost iangular-
ly cordate, or hastate, lacerately toothed near the base and
decurrent in a narrow margin on the petiole, always smooth =
beneath, often pubescent above; scape lc than the

leaf; petals obovate, all emarginate or bi-dentate, the low

<A ow

e

i48 PENTANDEIA, MONOGYNIA.

petals oblong, the lateral and lowest one bearded.—Leaves
*sther thick, mostly incumbent on the ground, often pur-

us 1 smooth beneath; scape
always longer than the flowering leaves, segments of the
scarcely produced at

the base; petals short, obovate,—the 2 lateral and the

tower thinly bearded, multistriate—Leaves thickish, al-
most of an equal length and breadth, elegantly cordate
and subacute, mostly incumbent on the ground, about an
Jnetelong, and equally broad; stipules minute, subulate;
‘gments of the calix short and narrow, somewhat oblong;
ooth, stigma small, ros-
d all round. About 3

four inches high; growing in dry woods on the banks
of the Sch r F philatelphis- Flowering in May.
My friend has long known this plant and con-

idered it 65 Gdlnet species; it appears, however,

allied to 7. villosa of Walter, aid is decidedly the Vi
sororia figured in the Hortus Berolinensis, although the
feaf is said to be pubescent beneath instead of above.

i;

_ synonyin of Mr.

‘

PENTANDRIAe MONOGYNIA. - 149

The V. papilionacea, and V.asarifolia of Pursh, are
probably ambiguous varieties of V. cuczllata and V. pal-
mata. Whether V. claydestina of the same author be really
a distinct species is also equally uncertain, it appears to
me nothing more than a smoother variety of V. villosa,
if the petals of this plant were indeed “chocolate brown,”
that alone would be a sufficient character, but such ano-
malies are scarcely to be expected. ;

7. rotundifolia. Michaux, excluding the synonym of

Pursh’s V. clandestinu. In this species, so accurately de-
scribed by Michaux, the leaves are unusually thick, larges
and round, constantly appressed to the ground, with a
pubescent petiole, and the sinus more closed than in any
other species; the flowers, which are of a pale yellow,
appear before the complete expansion of the leaves, upon
‘short peduncles; the segments of the calix are oblong;
obtuse; the 2 lateral petals are a little bearded and striate;
striz, 3 upon each, the uppermost interrupted by the line
of pubescence; the lowest petal is uncommonly small,
and also striate, the striz bifid and crossed by 2 yellow
callous converging lines near the base; nectary almost
obliterated; style short and thick, capitulum of the stig-
ma small and smoot!:, recurved at the apex, but without
rostrum. Las. On the shady and rocky banks of Wisha-
hikon creek, about 8 miles from Philadelphia, where it
was also found by Mr: Rafinesque; always under the shade
of .Qhies canadensis; in-similar situations I have also seen
it in the mountains of North Carolina. ;

8. blanda. Leaves nearly smooth, or slightly pubescent
on the upper side, petiole and under side entirely glabrous,
nerves pinnate, also Smooth; flowers white, and odorous,
see ments of the calix linear-oblong, obtuse; stigma capi-
tate, depressed, recurved, acutely margined around, pe-

tals all smooth. eu oN Spe,
9, primnlifolia. LINN. Persoon, Elliott, excluding the |
‘ir. Pursh, which appertains to another spe-
cies: This plant is very nearly allied to V. lanceolata, and
as such has probably been considered by Walter, Michaux,

and Pursh; both of them are indigenous to Siberia as
wellas North America. It also makes a near approach to

- V. blanda. Leaves oblong, subcordate, crenate, obtuse, the

base remarkably and abruptly decurrent on the petiole,

33 do to resemble the leaves of pee. Seto nerves pin-
“nate,

mid-rib on the upper side of the with a few scat-

~ tered hairs; petiole on the under side as well as the nerves

the same side, and the s hairy; segments of the —
x obtuse the 2 lateral petals a litle bearded flowers

= a
02 eo
a

%

W. ~\

150

PENTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA.
10. SE Leaves perfectly smooth, acute and sub-
serrate, gradually attenuated down the petiole; segments
of the calix acute; petals all beardiess; stigma recurved,

_ distinctly rostrate, capitulum roundish almost without

Margin. Flowers inodorous.
§ 11. Producing stems.
11. canadensis. Style short, compressed, stigma capi-

tate, without rostrum, on either side somewhat pubescent.

12. striata. Nerves of the leaves somewhat pubescent
on the under side, calix ciliate, nectary rather large, 2 late-
ral petals densely bearded; stigma tubular, recurved, a

_ little pubescent on the summit. Flower yellowish white.

15. debilis. P V. canina, Walter. Stem decumbent,
leaves reniform-cordate, serrulate or crenate, smooth on
the under side, base cucullate; petiole short; stipules
‘ovate- lanceolate, serrate-ciliate, peduncles very long; seg-
ane of the calix linear-lanceolate, acute, smooth; petals

=) ale blue, the 2 lateral ones bearded; stigma
parce SO .

r, recurved, rostrate, with scabrous papill«
on the summit. Nearly “allied to the preceding.
14. rostrata. Nectarium longer than the corolla, petals

all beardless; stigma smooth, erect, attenuately clavate,

without rostrum. Leaves smooth on the under side.

. Flowers pale blue, Secchaiee 2 purplish.

15. pubescens. Mich. Leaves either
very pubescent, 2 nearly smooth, subserrate; stipules
ovate, oe a entire; style compressed, stigma roundish,

almost eybexicel, with 2 lateral tufts of pubescence, and

_ without rostru ‘smooth. 8. eriocarpon. Fruit

densely Altea; stipules s aller. In fruit this would be
taken or a distinct species, as the character is constant;
in any other respect it does not materially differ from V.
erat both these varieties are abundant near Phila-

Iphi

16. tripartita. Elliott. Leaves 3 te 5-lobed, pubescent,
lobes subserrate; stipules ovate, entire or serrulate; pe-
duncle rather long and slender; flowers yellow; stigma the

aie yee a ee

stigma as Sly ani to which this species teats
not ipconsiderably related; this plant is however always _
ssemeoth with elongated leaves, of eer genta eo

Re
sae

RI

? : * ‘
PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. | 151

18. Nuttalli. Pursh. Perennial. Stem simple, erect and
leafy, 4 to 6 inches high. Leaves lanceolate-ovate, entire,
attenuated down the petiole, opaque, margin and nerves

- minutely pubescent, leaf and petiole 3 to 4 inches long,
scarcely half an inch wide. Stipules long, linear lanceo-
late, entire. Flowers small, yellow, petals purplish on the
under side. Segments of the calix linear lanceolate, acute.
Stigma capitate, erostrate, nearly smooth. Flowering in
May. Near the confluence of Rock river and the Mis-
souri, and from thence to the mountains. This is the
only species of Viola on the plains of the Missouri, from
the confluence of the river Platte to Fort Mandan.

19. bicolor? Hoffman. Flor. German. 2. p. 170. Pursh.
1. p.175. V. arvensis. Elliett, p. 302. Annual. Stem
simple, erect, acutely triquetrous. Radical leaves spa-
thulate-oval, with a few denticulations, upper leaves
spathulate-lanceolate, or ovate, smooth. a, fe large,
cristate-palmate, ciliate, deeply 7 to 9lobed, segments
linear-oblong, terminal one much larger. Peduncle long,
quadrangular. Calix divisions ovate-lanceolate, acumi-
nate, ciliate. Petals much larger than the calix, oboval,
rather flat, bluish-white, the 2 lateral ones, cristately
bearded, the lower petal dilated, marked with 5 blue
striz, at the base a yellow spot. Style short, nearly cen-
tral, articulated at the base; stigma turbinate-capitate,
erostrate, slightly pubescent at the sides, foramen large.
Capsule nearly round. Closely allied to V. tricolor. Ap-
parently native.

20. concolor. Forster. Calix nearly equal with the petals,
naked, or not produced at-the base, divergent; petals all

greenish, pearing in April anc xe f Has. From Penn-
sylvania to Upper i obably a distinct genus?
—” OF this there are 21 species ia Europe; 2 at the
Cape of Good Hope, one of them suffruticose, and both
very doubtful as genuine species of Viola; 1 in the island.

iolay) z

152 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. :
subgenus lonia of Persoon there are 6 species in the i
tropical parts of America, including among them the L
J. Ipecacuanha, said to: produce the white Ipecacuanha 4

of commerce, there are also two other species in India.
The genus Viola, within its proper limits, is almost
equally divided betwixt Europe and the temperate
parts of North America; the few other species in India
and the tropical parts of America appear to indicate
more than one distinct genus; it is even probable that
Viola heretofore very unnaturally associated with the
Cisti! will at last become the type of a natural order.

226. CLAYTONIA. Gronovius. L.
_ Calix biparted. Petals 5. Stigma trifid. Cap-
sule 1-celled, S-valved, 3 to 5-seeded. Seeds
reniform, x

_ Herbaceous and somewhat sicculent plants; roots most-
Ty tuberous and perennial, rarely annual and fibrous; leaves
radical; scape producing a single pair of opposite leaves,
the upper part racemose, many-flowered, petals emargi-
_ uate or bifid. (Germ in C. virginica, mostly 5-seeded.)
Sreciss. I. C. virginica. 2. sputhulefelia. (C. earoiriana?
Mich. C. lanceolata? Pursh ) Abundant round Pittsburgh,
and xppears to supercede C. virginica as we proceed West-
ward. 3. alsinoides. 4. perfoliata.
A: North American genus, with the exception of C.
_ gidirica; C. lanceclaia of Pursh extends into Siberia,
and C. perfoliata, whith is annual, exists also in the isl-
and of Cuba within the tropic. s .

227. RHAMNUS. L. (Buck-thorn.)

Calix urceolate, 4 or 5-cleft. Petals 4 or 5,5

minute, in the form of scales opposite the sta-—
_ Inina (sometimes 0.) Stigma 2 to 4-cleft. Ber-
3 or 4-seeded. (Flowers mostly polygamous

Taga

ws Small trees or shrubs, with the lesser branches of-

ten terminating in spines; leaves somewhat opposite, fie~
quently alternate, Flowers axillary, lateral, and termi-
nes waits or =e fia flowers obscurely
SrEctes. 1. R. ainifolius. 2. carolinianus. 3. lanceolatus.
~ Plentiful around New-Orleans, 4. minutiforus. Flowers
Kak ¥ Ce Gis 4 mal «* Zs

a ae

On + Sn CE
peg, = pO

OP Te

©. than C. americanue, which it considerably resemble
oe teaves are ~ rg but speaking from oc. 3

é

PENTRANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. ~ 1 53

in’ terminal panicles. This species by the habi t can
scarcely appertain to the g

OF Rhamnus there are 11 species chiefly in the south of
Europe, 2 in Siberia, 5 in Atries and its islands, 10 in the
warmer Parts of America, 1 in New-Zealand, lin the
Azores, 2 in China, one of which is common to India; of
these the #. theezans passes as a substitute for tea
among the indigent Chinese.

228. ZIZYPHUS. Tournf. (Supple-Jack.)

Calix 5-cleft. Petals 5, resembling scales
inserted into the glandulous calycine disk.
Styles 2. Drupe 2-celled, one or two seeded,
one of the cells and seeds often abortive.

Small trees or shrubs with alternate leaves; flowers
axillary and terminal. Nearly allied to Rhamnus.

see eas - z valubilis. ((Enoplia hc saan Persoon.)

m » racemes many 3

Seite ee”

Of Zizyphus, there ag dindie, 1 in Chins,
S in Africa, L in Europe, 1 in the Antilles, and another in
Peru. The fruit of Z. Lotus is eaten by the Africans,
and that of Z, Jujuba by the natives of India.

229. CEANOTHUS. L. (New-Jersey tea, Red-
root.)

Calix turbinate, 5-cleft. Petals 5 squami-
form, with long claws. Stigmata 8. Capsule
S-angled, $-celled, 3-seeded, tripartile, opening
on the inner side.

Suffruticose or shrubby; leaves pinay flowers copi-
ous, axillary and terminal in pedicellate panicles corym-

_ bosely or dichotomously divided; calix Seria, petsis-
tent, segments arched i disk 10-toothed-

Flowers white. Roots large and very thick, reddish and

astringent. Nearly allied to the genus Pomaderris of

New-Holland.

Spectres. 1. C. americanus. 2. intermedius, Pu. 3. sangzui-
news, Pu. Suffruticose; leaves oblong-obovate serrate,
under side pubescent, panicle short and axillary; fowers

erewded, tigiate+On the banks of the Missouri,
_ abundant below the confluence of the river Platte. Near
the Rocky Mountains—M. Lewis. A much large pet

ees

is4 —

PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNLA.

- only,} think they are nearly sessile, and remarkably cblong;

the branches reddish, surviving the winter, and forming
a shrub about 3 feet high. 4. micropiyllus, Stem rigid
and much branched, leaves fasciculated, smooth and
lucid, scarcely larger than those of Dhymus serpylluin:
Chiefly inhabiting the sandy and open pine forests ot
Georgia. 5. *Serpyllifolius. Decumbent and suffruticose;
branches filiform; leaves small, elliptic-ovate, serrulate,
obtuse, petioles and nerves on the under side strigose;

_ panicles pedicellate, axillary, few-flowered; flowers con-

of Thyme, e:
smooth; flowers white, partly capitulate at the summit of

glomerated. Has. Around the town of St. Marys, in Flo-
rida.—Dr. Baldwyn. By much the smallest species of
the genus. Leaves and stems not much exceeding those
ly leaves somewhat crowded, oval, or round-
pg leaves distant, all obtuse and nearly

a pedicell, 1 and a half to 2 inches long, only about from
12 to 15 together.

The genus Ceanothus appears peculiar to America; of
which there are 5 other species besides the above; viz:
1 in New-Spain, 2 in Peru, 1 in the mountains of Jamai-
ca, and another species of uncertain locality. The C.
asiaticus, C. ighy cactye of India and C. africanus do
not appear to belong to this genus, and C. capsularis
of the isle of Tahiti in the Pacific, seems to be a Poma-

230. EUONYMUS. L. (Spindle-tree.)

Calix 5-parted, or 5-cleft, its base inside, co-

vered with a flat peltate disk. Petals 5, spread-
ing, inserted on the outside margin of the glan-
dular disk. Capsule 5-angled, 5-celled, 5-valv-
ed, coloured, septiferous in the centre, cells 1 or

_ 2-seeded. Seeds calyptrate (or arillate?)
_ Erect or rarely subsarmentose shrubs, with quadran-

inches; leaves opposite, minutely stipulate; pe
illary, solitary, opposite, 3-flowered, or tricho-
, muny-flowered.—Flowers often tetrandrous

crimson; seeds covered with a searlet pul-

oe gaan

; leaves subsessile, opaque, ava :
acute, obtusely serrate, serratures for the most part undu-

nish or brown; capsule sometimes -

often radicant. acutely q ae

scieiealcielilliaihdtia

PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNiA. 155

lated; peduncles about 3-flowered; flowers 5-petalled;
fruit scabrous.—Leaves somewhat shining, and remarka-
ble for their opacity; fruit of the usual brilliant colours;
theca bursting from the centre—Generally in shady
moist forests, amongst rocks. The singular habit of this
plant almost indicates a specific distinction, for the pre-
sent, however, I cannet consider it as any thing more
than a permanent variety. : er
2.* obovatus. Stem prostrate radicant; surculi erect,
obtusely quadrangular, marked with 4 distinct lines;
bark and calix inflated, leaves broad obovate, obtuse,
acttte at the base, subsessile, margin acutely serrulate,
flat; peduncles 3-flowered; stamina 4 and 5.—A very
distinct. species, though proximately allied to E. amer7-
canus. Ops Stem about a foot high, nearly simple, or with
a few short and opposite branches appearing truncated”
at their extremities, by the inflation of tiie bark; leaves
nearly opaque, cuneite-obovate, often dilated so as to ap- _
pear nearly as broad as long, margin finely and acutely
serrulate, serratures and nerves on the upper side mi- —
nutely hispid (seen through a lens), marginal nerves of
the petiole decurrent on the stem, forming the sole
ligatures of attachment bet'vixt the inflated bark and the ©
wood; calix inflated, nearly entire, or crenate, membra-.
naceous; petals 4 and 5, roundish, green, with a tinge of
purple; anthers sessile. Ihave not seen the fruit—Has.
In shady fir swamps betwixt Franklin and Waterford,
Pennsylvania. Flowering in June.
3. angustifolius. 4. utropurpureus- Theca smooth,
opening marginally. weet
Of this genus there are 2 other species in Japan, and 3
in Europe. SEES Bee
231. CELASTRUS. ZL. (Staff-tree.): =
Calix 5-lobed. Corolla 5-petalled. Stamina
situated around a 5-toothed glandulous disk.
Siyle thick, perforate; Stigmas 3. Capsule (the-
ca) 3-sided, 3-celled, 3-valved, valves septife-
rous in the centre; cells 1 or 2-seeded. Seeds
semiarillate, arillus 4-cleft. oes
Small trees or shrubs, erect .or scandent, unarmed, or
spiny; leaves alternate, entire, minutely stipulate, sti-
pules sometimes divided; peduncles solitary or aggre-
_ gated 1-flowered, also racemose, paniculate or cymose,
_ axillary or terminal. Some of the species are polyga
~~ diwicous. (Two or three genera are probably confounded
in Celastrus). , :

156 | PENTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA.

f Srecres. 1. €. bullatus. No where to be met with in
North America. 2. scandens. Ons. Dioicous; racemes ter-
minal; pedicells circularly articulated. Male flowers
in a compound raceme, the pedicels mestly 3-flowered;
ealix shortly companulate; stamina alternating with the
petals. (Flowers odorous.) Female raceme simple, pedi-
cells bracteate, bractes setaceous, minute; flowers lar-
ger, turbinate-campanulate, with 5 very short infertile
stamina seated around the glandulous disk; style about
the length of the calix, thick, cylindric and perforate;
stigmas 3, reniforr.; capsule roundish-obovate, slightly
marked with 3, 4, or 5 furrows, with the same variable
number of valves; valves semiseptiferous in the middle,

_—- Q-seeded, septum not continued to the centre; seeds aril-

dare, attached tothe base of the capsule; arillus pulpy, 3-

sided, produced at the base, open at the top, entire, con-
nivent over the seed, when mature scarlet, seeds often all

_ abortive but one. Leaves alternate, stipules 3 to 5-cleft,

minute, setaceous. This species is also indigenous to
Japan, according to Thunberg.

Of this genus there are 6 species in Chili and Peru, 17
in Africa, chiefly at the Cape of Good Hope, 4 in Japan,
2 in Arabia Felix, 1 in the Canary islands, and another in
the Marquis islands of the Pacific ocean.

tit Flowers incomplete.

232. HAMILYONIA, Willd. (Oil-nut.)_
_ Divicous.—Hermarn. Calix turbinate-cam-
_ panulate, 5-cleft. Corolla 0? Germ immersed in
_ the 5-toothed glandulous disk. Style 1; stigma-
fa 2 or 3, sublentiform. Drupe, pyriform, 1-
seeded, inclosed in the adhering base of the ca-
lix, Maxx flower nearly similar to the herma-

A shrub with the habit of Celastrns, to which it is inti-
allied. Leaves alternate entire, stipules none? ra-
nal, flowers apetalous?

2 10 Sines tele te ibescent —

side The af leaves
: within the bud appear silky. Pedicells circularly articule- a

_PENTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. - + 157

ted at the base. Calyx of the male flower sfiortly campa-
nulate; glandular disk penetrating and filling the tubular
attenuated base of the calix. Hermaphrodite, calix tur-
binate-campanulate, 5-cleft, segments ovate, reflected,

glandular disk more conspicuous; stamina opposite the

a, divisions of the calix, and alternating with the dentures

} . of the disk. Nut depressed globular, 1-celled, 1-seeded,

=e inclosed in the carneous base of the calix, appearing in-

. ferior, from its immersion in the disk, adhering calix con-

spicuously veined; shell of the nut whitish, thin, a little

verrucose, sharply acuminated by the persistent base of

the style, as in the capsule of Celastrus scandens. Peris-

perm Saree: very oily, ae¢rid to the taste (probably cathar-

tic,) its substance somewhat lamellated; corculum minute,

at the base. The germ has probably more than one seed.

_The whole plant is move or less oily, in consequence of

which the deer and domestic cattle devour it with avidity.
i 2 Celastrus macrocarpus of Peru appears to be a second —

; ‘species of this genus.

233. *COMANDRA.} Tuesium. ZL,

Calix angular, tabular-campanulate, coales-
cing with an internal 5-toothed, glandulous
disk. Pelals 5, ovate, ingrafted upon the mar-—
gin of the calix, persistent. Jnthers attached
to the petals bya tuft of filaments! Germ S-seed-

¢

ed, immersed in the glandulous disk. Capsule
-valveless, 1-seeded, coated by the base of the
ealix, .

Perennial, root ligneous, stem herbaceous; leaves sim-
ple, alternate, stipules none; radical gemmaceous scales
numerous, persistent; flowers in a corymbulose terminal
panicle. : ;

Species. 1. C.umbellata, __ : .

Thesium umbellatum. Linn. Willd. Sp. Plant. °

‘Stem round and erect, sending out 2 or 3 infertile
branches below the panicle. Leaves approximating, erect,

* oblong-ovate, obtuse, smooth, reflected on the margin,
and reticulately veined. Panicle short, ramuli axillary,
corymbulose, corymbs about 5-flowered, with 4 volta
crate bractes, uppermost peduncles fewer flowered. Calix —

+ From “May a head of hair, and @%f, a man, by analogy,
the masculine organs of plants, or stamina;—in allusion to the
‘Singular structure of the ae : 5

158 © PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

uniting with the glandulous and nectariferous germinal
disk; ‘tisk low a obtuse. Petals 5, calycine, often 4
and 6, with the same number of stamina, ovate, acute, per~
sistent, growing to the margin of the calix, white, internal-
: pou (seen through a lens), before expansion parallel.
‘Stamina seated at the base of the petals, alternating with
‘the dentures of the glandulous disk; filaments subulate,
about half the Jength of the petals; anthers oval, 2-celled,
connected at their summits to the petals near their base
by a fascicle of yellow filaments —Style terete, simple;
stigma round, entire; germ about 3-seeded, ovula pendu-
lous, attached to the apex of a filiform contractile funicu-
lus arising from the base of the.capsule. Capsule nearly
lobular, and angular, 1-seeded, not opening, thin and
brittle, not osseous, coated by the base of the calix. Seed
pound, about the size of a small pea, consisting almost
entirely of a large carnose and oily perisperm, embryon
inverted, small, flat, nearly in the axis of the perisperm;
_ radicle superior, thick and obtuse; cotyledons linear and
acute.
Oss. The connecting fibres of the petals, appear to be
a separation of a portion of the central vessels, for at that
_ point the petal is greenish and callous, and the central
_neryes there commencing trichotomously, disappear above
the connectile fibres, and the rest of the petal is then
white. |
This plant has some relation to the preceding, and they
both appertainto the Natural Order SanvataceZz of R.
Brown, approaching at the same time very nearly to the
Ruamyzi of Jussieu. Vhe genus here proposed may
probably include some of the species of Thesium indige-
nous to the Cape of Good Hope.

234. QUERIA. L. Anycuia. Michaux.

Calix connivent, 5-parted, segments oblong,
apex subsaceate (or furnished with an arched
callosity.) Corolla none, Filaments of the an-
tinct; intermediate, setw none. Stigma
ate. Capsule utricular, not opening.
‘subreniform,

Herbaceous and dichotomous; leaves opposite, stipu-
late; stipules scariose, flowers minute, bracteolate, dicho-
tomai and terminal; stamina 3 to 5. A genus scarcely

distinct from Paronychia, intermediate with it and Her-
» maria ay

Species. 1. Q. canadensis, Stem erect or spreading,
dichotomous, much branched, retrorsely pubescent; leaves

» He

a3

PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA, —

nearly glabrous, cuneate-oblong, acute; flowers erect, -
shorter than the stipules—Stamina 3 3, rarely 5; leaves.
Kehroggh a glass) subciliate.

*capillacea. Brect and glabrous, Sicha cuscaaly and
diffusely branched, branches eapillary; leaves ovate, very
smooth, attenuated towards the base, rather obtuse; flows
ers spreading, longer than the stipules,—Stamina 3, rarely
5. Both these species are annual.

Of this genus there are 2 other species enumerated by-
Persoon, namely the Q. Hispanica and Q.?2 ivichotoma of

Japan.

235. PARONYCHIA. Tournefort and Jussieu,
ANYCHIA. Michaux.

Calix 5-parted, segments acuminate from
below the internal apex, (or subsaccate) and co-
toured on the inner side. Corelfa none. Five -
filaments alternating with the stamina. Style
4 bifid; stigmata capitate. Utriculus 1-seeded,
summit hemispherical, sometimes vebeujar? co-
- vered by the connivent calix. .

Herbaceous, cespitose or procumbent ‘plants, Hepes,
opposite, and stipulate; flowers cymose or terminal,
greenish or calycine, lined with a petaloid meinbrang
separating from the calix at its summit.

Species. 1. P. Herniarvides. 2. *dichotoma. Cespi-

- tose and procumbent, glabrous. leaves acerose, linear,

; acute, on either side marked with two grooved lines; sti-_ 2
_ pules bifid, bractes shorter than the flowers; cyme dicho- ae
Pe - tomous; segments of the calix minutely mucronate. =
‘ Achyranthes dichotoma. Linn. Iileeebrum di mum.
Vitup.

Leaves site i ich \onsg, Walia ita Nltin
thick and flat; a bifid, a little shorter than be
leaves, white, chaff; ye with subulate capillary points. ©
Leaves on the infertile branches imbricately se gg pes
1 the flower stems remote. Flower stellate; segments of
: the calix furnished internally with arched scales nearthe
stmmit, points pangently acute. Sterile sete, short;
style bifid. Utriculus not s sporencously valvular, smooth.
_ Seed reniform; perisperm farinaceous; cotyledoneslinear,

ed, green.—The habit of this plant is somata Mia
Sedum reflexum, but not succulent. —_-
Haprrat. On slate rocks, by the i

Shenandoah, Virginia, in the vicinity of Ha rf.

ee eae eee ee eee ee

160 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

Flowering from August to November. A very elegant
perennial, but not suffruticose, as described by Linnzus-
3. argyrocoma. Cespitose, procumbent and pubescent;
_ leaves linear, pungently acute, vilious, and nerveless; sti-
pules entire; bractes equal with the flowers; cyme dicho-
tomous, crowded, interior apex of the calix bearded, ex-
terior setaceously acuminate. ‘
Smaller than the preceding to which it is very nearly
related; the cyme in this species resembles a capitu-

“dum, being almost obscured by the numerous and crowd-

_ ed bractes; the points of the calix are nearly its length.

_ Bterile sete short; style bifid; utriculus pubescent at the

summit, and without valves. __ eS
_ Onrocks, inthe mountains of upper Carolina, and on
___ the banks of French Broad river, in Tennessee, near the

4. *sessiliflora. Cespitose and diffusely branched; leaves
glabrous, very short, linear, reflected and acute; stipules
subulate, irregularly lacerate, nearly equal with the leaves;
flowers terminal sessile, internal points of the calix arch-
ed, external capillary attenuated.

Densely cespitose and smooth, leaves without visible
nerves. Flowers irregularly crowded at the summits of
the branches, not cymose. Style bifid; utriculus not
valvular; sterile setz 5.

On the highest hills of the Missouri, near Fort Mandan.

. Flowering from June to September. Nearly allied to

_Herniaria. ea

. Fo this genus is referrible Hecebrum Paronychia of
- the south of Kurope, said to have a capsular utriculus of

5 valves? several other species of that genus also probably

belong’ to this. es

236. GLAUX. L. (Black Salt-wort.)
Caiix campanulate, 5-lobed, coloured, infe-
- vior. Corolla none. Capsule globular, surround-
ed by the calix, 1-celled, 5-valved, 5-seeded; re-
rounded, marked with favulose punc-

Scpleilig, tnieniné plani-with opposite

of a single

i PENTANDRIS. DIGYNIA. 161

ne

' IL DIGYNIA. |
+ Flowers monopetalous, inferior.
j 237. ECHITES. Jacquin. Linn.
4 Contorted.—Calia 5-parted, small. Corolla
salverform, border 5-clett, orifice naked. An-
4 thers rigid, acuminate, convergent into a cone,
| ~ *cohering to the stigma by the middle.” R.
Brown. Style 1; stigma annulate, capitulum
2-lobed. Follicles 2, very long and straight.
Seed comose. |
‘ Shrubs, mostly twining, some species exuding a lac-
tescent sap; leaves opposite; peduncles axillary or termi-
nal, one or many-flowered; flowers umbellate, corymbose |
or spiked; corollaas in Nerium, Vinca, Amsonia, Periploca,
&c, contorted, or spirally involute before expansion.
Species. 1. £. difformis. Flowers smalland greenish-
yellow. Calix angular at the base. Corolla lined with
. a silky villus around the orifice. Anthers simple, seated :
around the mouth of the tube, linear-sagittate, very acute ;
and rigid. Style 1, xs long as the stamens; stigma annu-
late, 2-lobed, viscid. Germ surrounded at the base by
a glandular 5-toothed torus.

this genus of 29 species, according to Persoon, is pe-
culiar to the tropical parts of America, with the exception S|
of 2 species in India, and 2 of a doubtful genus at the se
Cape of Good Hope, being succulent and furnished with
axillary thorns.
238. APOCYNUM. JL. (Indian-Hemp.)
Calis very small, 5-clelt, persistent, Corollt
campanulate, half 5-cleft, lobes revolute, fur-
nished at the base with 5 dentoid glands alter-
nating with the stamina. Inthers connivent,
Sagittate «cohering to the stigma by the mid-
dle.* R. Brown. Style obsolete; stigma thickand— _
acute, Follicles long and linear. Scedcomose.
Erect and herbaceous plants, or shrubby and twining, ks
with opposite leaves; flowers corymbose or paniculate,
axillary or terminal. Corolla with 5 nectariferous depres-
- sions near its base. weer ee

eee

P2

S| PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA.

Species. 1. A. androsemifolium. 2. cannabinum. 5.
hypericifolium. These 3 species are very nearly allied to
each other, and might almost be taken for so many varie-
ties. They have all hkewise the property of mechanically

entangling flies by the proboscis which is retained in the
acute fissure of the anthers, They afford by incision a
lactescent fluid, which when sufficiently dried exhibits all
the properties of Gum Elastic or Kaoutchouk, supposed at
one time to have been the exclusive property of the Urce-
ola elustica, but common, probably, to most of the lactes-
cent APociNe&, and perhaps many more of the Ev PHor-
BIACEA than the Siphonia elastica, of Brazi| and Guiana.
___ Of this genus there are several other species in South
Americ Fdia, and the Cape of Good Hope, and 1 species,
AL venetum, said to be indigenous to the islands of the
=, Adri ti oan a a bent ae z

. - *

939. PERIPLOCA. L.
! Calix minute, 5-cleft, persistent. Corolla ro-
tate, flat, 5-parted, orifice surrounded with an
urceolate 5-cleft crown, terminating in 6 fili-
form appendices or awns. Style 1; stigma capi-
tate with 5 angles. Follicles 2, ventricose. Seed
-comose.. :

Shrubs, many of them climbing; leaves opposite; flow-
ers subcorymbose, axillary or terminal. :
_. Spectes, 1. P.greca. Naturalized or indigenous in
_ the western part of the state of New York. Flowers
++ brownish, sometimes 7-cleft, segments of the corolla each
marked with a villous oblong central spot; stigma with
10 crenatures. ae
The rest of this genus belongs to India and Africa.
The P. greca exists in Syria and Siberia, as well as in
ot North America.
g ‘olla rotate, 5-parted. Lepanthium} (or
}) simple, cylindric. subcarnose, 5-lobed,
Mike inthe plural, flower-ecales, (from Aemss; a scale,
_ and #09, a flower,) intended to designate generally, the inte-
__ Hor corolla or pet ariuth of Linnzus. In this place it is
the ong Mah gest aminea, “*stamineous crown,” of R.
_ depanthium which existsin the order AscLeriapEx =

i PENTANDRIA, DIGYNIA. 163

‘

U depressed, exactly equal with the antheri-
dium (antheroid cells) discoid, pentangular,

without alated lateral margins or terminal mem-

branaceous cusps. Pollinia (masses of pollen)

5 pair, even, transverse. Follicles 2. Seed co-

mose, ; : é

| Herbaceous and twinitg plants, with opposite leaves;

flowers axillary, umbellate. Nearly allied to Cynanchum

in some respects; and particularly to the North Ameri-

can species, but very distinct in’ the parts of fructifica
i} tien, having a depressed or discoid antheridium, with- :
i out either lateral or terminal produced margins, and re-
ceiving the pollinia transversely, but still attached as is
{ usual in Cynanchum and Asclepias, by pairs to the upper
anges of the stigma. ;

- Species. 1. G. macrophyllus. 2. hirsutus. Flowers
brown, segments of the corolla linear-oblong, follicles
muricate, with soft spines; the whole plant pubescent; sar-
ments and petioles hirsutely hairy; leaves cordate-oval,
distinctly acuminate. 3. carolinensis. Stem twining and
with the petioles hirsutely hairy, the whole plant pubescent;
leaves ovate-cordate, acute, somewhat acuminate; seg-
ments of the corolla ovate-obtuse; flowers yellowish, um-
bellate-—The leaves are not hirsute but covered on both
sides with a minute pubescence. Pollinia transverse It
is nearly allied to the preceding, but very distinct in the
| flower; with the fruit Iam unacquainted.—In the vicinity

of Savannah.—Dr. Baldwyn.

4.* viridiflorus. Every where smooth; stem twining;
lJeayes subreniform-coidate, acuminate upon longish pe-
tioles, base auriculate; segments of the corolla linear-—
oblong, oblique, obtuse, greenish, follicles ribbed. Han.
On the banks of the Mississippi, near St. Louis, &c.

v. s. in Herb, | ambert. London.

Hitherto an American genus. ie

241. CYNANCHUM. L. (Dog’s-bane.)

- Calix 5-toothed, very small, and persistent.

Corolla rotate. Lepanthium simple, cylindric,

45 to 20-lobed,” (R. Brown,) surrounding the
orifice of the tube. Stamina as in Asclepias. —

| Stigmata 2. Follicles 2. Seed comose.

‘Habit similar to Gonolodus, but many of the

a PENTANDRIA, DIGYNIA,

Spectres. 1. C. deve? stem erect, subsarmentose, mirk-
ed with an alternating pubescent line; leaves smooth,
subcordate-ovate, acutely acuminate, sinus at the base,
nearly closed; margin and nerves on the under side, mi-
nutely pubescent; petiole very short; peduncle long; um-
bell interrupted, compound, umbelluli few-flowered; seg-
ments of the corolla, oval-oblong, obtuse; follicles smooth?
—Lepanthium cylindric, retusely 5-toothed, nearly entire.
Possessing all the habit of Asclépias Vincetoxicum. Flow-
ers small, greenish white.

Probably Gonolobus levis. Micu. 1. p. 119.

2. angustifolium. Stem twining, smooth; leaves smooth,
narrow, and. linear, thickish; umbell upon a long peduncle;
segments of the corolla Janceolate—Lepanthium cylin-
dric, obtusely 5-toothed. Follicles—? Flowers small and

‘ is. Pursu. 1.p. 184. From Carolina
to Florida twining round rushes and other marsh plants. .

The genus Cynanchum appertains principally to the
warmer regions of America, a smaller number to India
and Africa, 2 to the south of Europe, exclusive of Vince-
toxicum so closely allied to this genus; and 1 species even
extends to Siberia. Cynanchum is not altogether desti-
tute of medical economy; the root of C. Jpecacuanha of
Ceylon and the isle of France is used as an emetic in
doses of 24 grains, and it has recently been discovered in
France that the Senna of the shops was in reality the
leaves of a species of Cynanchum disguised by an useless
admixture of those of the Cassia Senna.

242. * ENSLENTA,} —

~ Calix small, 5-parted, persistent. Corolla 5-
parted, segments connivent, erect. Lepanthium
simple, 5-parted, petaloid, divided to its base,
segments truncate, flat. each terminated by 2
central filaments. Stamina as in Asclepias. Pol-
limwm, lobes subcylindric, laterally stipitate.
e 0. Stigma conic, subbilamellate. Fol-

t Mr. Aloysius Enslen, an assiduous
and practical st, patronised in his researches in the United
See ws ae ee $i Ansivin, and :to whom Me
Purs indebted ts

she Sbuurtees’ Be s. ed for many yell ates :

: PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. ° 165

A genus approaching Cynanchum and -4sclepias. :
Stem herbaceous, twining, leaves opposite; flowers axil-
: lary, corymbose.
' £. albida. U

_ Description. Root perennial. Stem herbaceous, twin-
‘a ing, marked with an alternating pubescent line. Leaves

opposite, smooth, cordate-ovate, acute, somewhat acumi-
nate, sinuate at the base, slightly pubescent on the mar-
gin, and sometimes along the nerves, from 1 to 2 inches
long, and 1 to 2 wide, petiole about an inch. Corymbs
axillary, many flowered, upon long peduncles, several
often from the same axill; pedicells and calix pubescent.
Calix 5-parted, segments lanceolate-ovate. Corolla 5-”
parted, greenish or yellowish-white, divisions connivent,
erect, linear-oblong, somewhat obtuse. Lepanthium (nec-
tary, L.) 5-parted, petaloid, segments divided down to the
base, flat, oblong, and truncated, sometimes 4-toothed,
{ the 2 central dentures or incisions terminating in filiform
| awns. YVollinia (masses of pollen) 5 pair, pendulous, and
! even as in Asclepias, suspended to the angles of the stig-
ma, cylindric-oblong, much shorter than the antheri-
dium, diaphanous, above united together by a small black
cloven tubercle, alternating in the antheroid cells, each
pair being common to 2 antheroid bodies. Antheridium
tantheroid bodies) short and crustaceous, with salient
margins, each lobe terminated by a broad, ovate, white,
chaffy cusp. Style none. Stigma conic, subbilamellate,
seated upon the disk of the antheridium. Follicles 2,
short, ovate? not more:than a few lines long? seed comose?
Hapitat. Near Shepherdstown, onthe gravelly banks =~
of the Potomac, Virginia. Abundant in certain localities,
on the high sandy banks of the river Sciota, Kc. also near
Cincinnati, (Ohio) ascending to the height of 8 or 12 feet.
Flowering in July and August. An occidental plant, or
confined to the western side of the Alleghany mountains,
always on alluvial soil. Flowers ochroleucous, with a—
melliferous scent. Stem like most of the APociNEA,
affording flax.

243. ASCLEPIAS. L. (Wild-Cotton, Swallow-
wort.)

Caliz small, 5-parted, persistent. Corolla
rotate, mostly reflected. -Lepanthium (nectary, —
L.) simple, 5-parted, segments ovate, cucullate,
each producing from its base an internal subulate
averted awn, dntheridium 5-parted, crustace-

ooo

166 _ PENTANDRIA. DIGYNTA.

3 — OUSs sessile, angles opening by 5 longitudinal
chinks. Follicles 2, ventricose, acuminate, smooth
or muricate. Seed comose.

Shrubby or herbaceous, stems erect; leaves opposite, or
alternate, rarely verticillate; peduncles axillary and termi-
nal, solitary; flowersin umbells, numerous.—Antheridium
(antheroid cells, anthers, of some) conic-cylindric, (resem-
bling the 5 united anthers in Syngenesious florets,) sessile
or subsessile, crustaceous, separable only by five longitudi-
nal chinks, into 5 lobes, connected to the stigma both above
and below, lobes antheroid, 2-celled, cells open, margin
reflected, salient, terminating above in membranaceous

ovate cusps. Pollinia (concrete masses of pollen) 5 pa'rs

even, suspended from the ‘of the stigma, clavate,

compressed, diaphanous, solid and concrete, of a yellow,

waxy substance, united together by a small, black, cloven
tubercle; alternating in the cells of the antheridium, cach -

Pair being common to 2 lobes. Style none. Stigma dis-

coid, pentagonal. Follicles smooth, or muricated with

soft and flexible spines (as in A. syriaca, &c.) Seeds

pendulous by the coma, obtusely obovate and compressed,

or subelliptic, surrounded by a double winged margins

__—- perisperm thin and carnose; embryon flat; radicle in-
_-_-verted. Receptacle free, with lateral, imbricated, longi-
tudinal lamella for the reception of the seminal coma.—The
_ flowers of the larger species of this genus have the pro-
--perty of mechanicall linsects. The Mus-

a
-

PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 167

and gibbous, terminating in a subulate awn; margins of
the antheridium ciisgtanl

8. purpurascens. 9. viridj Described in the New |

York Medical Repository, Hexade II. p. 360. No. 18. by
Mr. C. G. Rafinesque Schmaltz, since the year 1808, under
the same name. 10. variegata. Stem simple, erect, leaves
elliptic-ovate, petiolate, smooth, margin pubescent; pedi-
cells pubescent; root horizontal.—-Segments of the lepan-
thium roundish, longer than the antheridium, central pro-
cesses flattened, falcate, point aristate, tube purplish.
Ll. obtusifolia. 12. amplexicaulis. Leaves glaucous, re-
marbably veined; flowers whitish. A low but elegant
species, :

48. Periplocefolia. (A. laurifolia, Micu. A. acumi-
nata,Pursn. A. cordata? Want. fi. car. 105.) Leaves
subsessile, somewhat distant, ovate-lanceolate, narrowing
upwards, very acute, smooth on both sides, margin —
rate; umbells mostly 2, naked, lateral; root an arrounded
tuber, (almost similar to that of the spiked species of
Liatris.)—Corolla greenish on the under side. Segments
ef the lepanthium oblong-linear, a little longer than its
awn, which is simply subulate, and. vice the le

of the antheridium. “ Apoeynum (‘scand ‘Mis-

take) Floridanum, Periploce foliis,

distantibus, floribus aor a. umbella_ p 29
}. f.2. Has. From New Jer- —

Pluk. amalth. fol. 18. t.
sey to Florida, in the swamps of the sea coast,
14. paupercula. (A. floridana, Lamarck.) Segments of
the lepanthium spreading, much longer than the antheri-
dium, internally bidentate, awn simply subulate, tube as

long as the antheridium. Leaves very long and remote. —
Pluk. amalth. 18. t. 359. £4 the leaves in this figure are, _

however, alternate. 15. viridis. Pro :
pias? ¥6. quadrifolia. Lepanthium linear-oblong, n
flat, internally bidentate, thangs = 2 of the an
dium, awn very short. “ Apocynum umbellatum a
latiore foliis tatraphglion ex Terra Mariana.” Pluk.
p. 46-

“168 «——SPEN'TANDRIA. DIGYNIA.

-. flowered? Petals oblong-oval, white, externally cinereous-
near the points. Lepanthium white, without tube!

i. y sessile. Pollinium short, lobes even, angularly
_ infracted, styles 2, long. Has. From Carolina to Florida.

‘Specimen collected by Dr. Baldwin, from whom I receiv-

ed it, under the name of A. cinerea.

; Leaves ecattered, or verticillate.

18. verticillata. Stem erect, often branching, marked
with pubescent lines, leaves smooth, narrow linear, crowd-
ed, mostly verticillate; tube of the lepanthium con- © |
spicuous, segments very short, awns long and falcate- -
19. longifolia. Flowers greenish.—In Carolina, Georgia,
Jilinois, and Louisiana. ~Nearly allied to ~2. wiridi flora

of Pursh, if not the samet 20. *lannginosa. Plant very
_ low, decumbent, and partly lanuginous; leaves ovate, scat- I
tered, umbell solitary, terminal. Oxs. 4to 6 inches high; t

root tuberous, flowers greenish. My specimen was very

imperfect. Hap. About 30 miles below the confluence h

of White river with the Missouri, on dry and gravelly |
hills. It is the only species which I met with in the up-
per part of Louisiana. 21. tuberosa.

The United States already afford about half as many
species of this genus as the rest of the world, thus far
explored. he tropical parts of America, according to
Persoon, produce only 5 spec'es. At the Cape of Good
Hope there até 9; 5 in India and Ceylon; 1 in Persia,
esides f A. <a Nes in — 2 in Arabia Felix, 13
uria, and. 1 in Siberia. T' European species ap-

either referrible to Cynanchum eet conateeate a dis-

eee

ae Niall

- + This D ant, acenrding to R. Brown, is a species of his genus i
‘ ocarpus, if the mere absence of the corniculum or atista, . |

usaall Sia out of the concave lobes of the lepanthium, can
‘be considerec

is like- hy
le species

| : PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA.

tinct genus (viz. Vineetoxicum, of Persoon.) Asclepias,

1 as it formerly stood, and as it still in part remains, |
under the sanction of popular compilers, constitutes
rather an order, than a particular genus. Several of

. the genera, however, which were included in Asclepias,

| Cynanchum, and Periploca, have been very judiciously

iB separated by Robert Brown, Esq. who properly con-
siders Asclepias as the type of a Natural Order, Ascue~
PIADES.T ‘s

| 944, *ANANTHERIX.+ ee

Calix ant Corolla 5-parted. Lepanthium sim-
| ple, 5-parted, segments compressed, fistulous
: and impervious, incurved, unconnected with the

antheridium. rista or corniculum none. Sia-
mina as in Asclepias. Lateral winged margins
of the antheridium broad and membranaceous.
Lobes of the pollinium even, minute, stipe ter-

minal, very long. Follicles 2. Seeds comose.

(eee ow rt

Similar to Asclepias in habit. Stem erect oppo-
site; flowers umbellate. Nearly allied to the genus Calo-

tropis of R. Brown.

\ E. viridis. Asclepias viridis? Walter. Flor. Car. p.107.
DescriPt. Root perennial. Stem simple, erect, ( a See,

feet high.) Leaves oblong or oblong-obovate, mucronulate,
sessile, rather thick and minutely pubescent on either side,
(2 inches long, and about halfan inch broad.) Umbells few-
flowered, lateral, nearly sessile; pedicells pubescent. Ca-
: lix 5-parted, persistent, divisions oblong-ovate. Corolla’
5-parted, conniyent? § Lepanthium sessile,

_ } I regret, that Mr. Brown’s publications on thie dul
ed be seen, that I know of, in the United Sta

am obliged, rather than culpably omit any gen iar ta
North Knesica, to propose the following, without being able —
- gatisfactorily to ascertain how far they may accord with genera

alread lished by Mr. R. Brown, except what appears in _
‘ ang aA ace of ae Hortus Kewensis, “a ii. : :
_ ¢ From 4; without,and #66912, anawn; the segments of th
~ lepanthium being, amongst other peculiarities, destitute of awns-_
~ § Judging by the only specimen which Ihave of this”
ogee eaten boeeos never to expand! or very imperfe
Dr. Baldwyn, from whom I obtained it, called it 2

ina

os

470 “PENTANDRIA. “pIGYNIA.

a

what. r than the antheridium and arising: Sbibarstity
from its base; segments compressed, connivent, incurved,
~ fistulous, but impervious, internally mai pen! oe ated, margin
double, membranaceous, coalescing at summit, and
* ‘there including a minute lamella. Antheridium S-lobed,
--winged lateral margin of the lobes broad and membrana- .

__- €eous, membrane margined and continued to the summit, oe
—* there forming a double sinuous plicature from the centre
of which arises the usual pum of the lobes; cusps con- ae |
cave, margins reflected. Lobes of the pollinium minute, |

age ahaa in the cells of the antheridium, stipes of the
_ lobes straight, capillary piers ing nad ‘long. Stigma discoid,
de

"concave, margin 5-toothed es 2, minute. Fobjicleg:
scomose? — fe
near St. Mary’s i in Florida, % Dr. _— a. |
ANDRA.} : |
a ; 5-parted, minute. Corolla without ua :
is tem long, erect, and connivent. #
simple, 5-parted, segments | saccates —
and- compressed, with operculoid, ¥ -
_ curved points; tube reversed, stylo :
_ supporting the parts of fructification. Stamina
_ asin Asclepias, Pollinia pendulous, even. Fol-
ticles 2, long and slender. Seeds comose? —
_ Stem erect, leaves both opposite and scatte seme jombels

=e eee few flowered.
Asclepias peticellata, Walter, Flor. ‘Carol. p- 106. "ah 3
moschata? Bartram. Fis. odorous. whe :
DescriPT. Root perennial. Stem simple, erect, mi-
nutely pubescent, slender, (about from 6 to 12 inches bigh.)
Leaves opposite and alternate, sessile, linear, acute, mi
U pescent, and somewhat scabrous on the ma
litary, axillary, 3 or 4-flowered, peduncle shorts.
nger than the peduncle. Calix 5-parted,
* ingen acute. Corolla 5-parted, lacipie

ipotion 3; yellowish-green, points deepet

eS

—

¢ From PY es a sine a man, (by ana To
wnasculine organs of plants,) the aes a pam being 9
Senapicucns PE or column. :

a

Sth d

ra MpSTSApEU. DIGYNIA. PS a

goin’ and emarginate- behind; sacculum empty; tube |
reversed, (Compared with Asclepias, &c ) appearing likea — =
slender peteeonts column, supporting the external parts |
of fructification, its summit 5-toothed,. Antheridium very

. short, wings crustaceous; cusps of the lobes inflected.”
Pollinia even, 5 pair; lobes nearly sessile, short, compress-
ed, and clavate. |
Has. From Carolina to Flori ida, in diy. and sity soil. sate

246, ‘AMSONIA. Waller.
Calix 5-parted. Corolla funnelform, orifice
closed. Follicles 2, erect. Seed terete, naked, —
_ and obliquely truncated. (Stigma annulate.)

Leaves alternate; flowers in fastigate or corymbose pa-
nicles, mostly blue.
Speciges. 1. 4. latifolia, 2. eaicfaie = 3 angustiflia.

A North American genus. _ eo
247. GELSEMIUM. Ween (Cavotina Jessa~
mine.)

> Calix 5-leaved, very small. le - funnel-
form, border spreading, 5-lobed, nearly equal.
Capsule compressed and,flat, bipartile, bilocu-
lar. Seeds flat, attached to the marginal the —
valves.
:* twining evergreen shrub; not lactescent, leaves oppo-
“4 flowers in small axillary and terminal fascicles,. yel-
low; calix subtended by imbricated ae maiapents bractess- ~~ >
Ss Srecizs. 1. G. nitidum. Flowers fragrant. Anthers
3 oblong-sagittate; style short, bifid; stiginas: linear-c Pee a rs
_ pbilobed, pubescent. 8. *inodorum. Calix leaves obtuse;
_ flowers inodorous. Near Savannah in Georgia, £
~ A North American genus.

248, GENTIANA. L. (Gentian.) ee
Calix half 5-cleft, or half 5- parted. Corolla
_ tubulous at the base, campanulate, border_4 or.
5-cleft; divisions ciliate or entire, spreading, —
erect or connivent, sometimes furnished with
si termed ate plaits. Stamina 4 or 5, distinct or
connate. Capsule 2-valved, 1- calpain re cles
“ie pemennapnte

ek ee PENTANDRIA. ‘DIGENIA.

leaves o} site, entire, beens ery oF termina
itary, faaticulate, or verticillate; (co.
_ often intense.)—Seeds subelliptic compressed, roarmunded
with an alated margin.
SPrectrEs, © te G. crinita. Seed pubcy ling, Brownish,
- hispid Generally i in open marshes. (Near the Falls of
_ Schuylkill in the vicinity of Philadelphia.) 2..Paeumonan- —
“the. 3. Saponaria. 4. ochroleuca. Stem smooth, and te-
rete; leaves smooth; flowers terminal, segments of the
corolla acute; interior plait confluent, with a single tooth.
5. Catesbei. Stem terete, minutely pubescent and some-
_. What scabrous; leaves.short, elliptic-ovate, acute, mar-_
= 2, Gane flowers terminal, fasciculate; Pine * “2
campanulate, somewhat ventricose, segments
acute, erior plaits lacerately toothed.—Nearly allied to
|. Saponaria, and also to G. linedris. Flowers paleish blue,
re ee re, sessile, arrounded at the base. Root —
al. Flowering time, September te *
n ee adligh dee bes South Carolina.
nches Leaves about an inch long, and three _
an inch gazes —Gentiana Catesbei? Walter.
6. alba. Muhl. Catal. Flowers white. 7. linearis. 8. ama-—
_ ~~ -relloides. From New York to Kentucky, and in Louisiana.
Flowers pale obscure blue. Root annual. — ;
9. acuta? Annual: stem quadrangular, branched; leaves :
subamplexicaule, 3inetved, ovate, acute; flowers rer rs
_ solitary, axillary and terminal, upon longi
“calix nearly divided to the base, 2 of the posh
_ corolla campanulate, 4 and 5-cleft, segments semiiprate,
_ acute, ek ition ms Ons. Stem about a foot

mentee anthers sal eeanaheds interm Sd ia
Has. in depressed situations, on “the plain
near Fort Mandan. Flowering time August and
It appears to be somewhat allied to G. cam-
’ slender, and much smaller flowered, it may
of Michaux.
stifolia. Stem mostly simple, sometimes: 2
leaves linear, spreading, smooth; corolla
| Segments ovate acute, interior plaits lacerate; cap:
sulle clavate, upon avery long stipe. —Ors. A species Con-
siderably allied to G. pueumonanthe. Perennial; stem 6
to 12 inches, slender, —~ blue, often 2 inches long; _
ag of the capsule near an inch and a half.

sont pc See ng of near 60 species, is ie
: principally to the alpine regions of northern Bu. me

baat

gay

a and Labrador. : Bicies were p Mea by Fora
New Zealand, and a species of doubtful genus is
said to exist in the Azores.—All the species of this genus
are bitter and tonic; but the root of G. lutea is that 2.

is most esteemed i in medicine. 2

249. HYDROLEA. L. fs :
.. Calix 5- -parted.. Corolla rotate, or campanu-
late. Filaments of the anthers, cordate at the

base; anthers cordate. Style long and diver-
gent; Stigmata capitate-peltate. ep Q-

e celled, 2-valved. ee =

: aay s; fi b teat tBeginat axill Cae
» a = i, paniculates ) ee, Poel ie,

A genus of Aeavatien. (sec. P

tropical armer regions of
tion of nica of India. ;

Oss. In. spinosa, so nearly allied to IZ

: according to Jussieu the flowers are sometimes eclot,
with 6 stamens, 3 styles, and a capsule. of 3 oot at

50. DICHONDRA. Forster.
~. Calix 5-parted; segments spathulate. Corolla
_ shortly campanulate, . 5-parted. Stigma peltate~
apitate. Capsule subcompressed, didymous,
2s elled, cells. 1-seeded. Seed globose,

: ial creeping plants; nearly alli
_eaves reniform, alternate; pedune
Hower small and cernitous- ee
Species. 1. D. curolinensis. Leave ;
~ emarginate; under side covered with a thin.silk
upper side also pubescent, bat greener than the crete
calix villous externally. Oss. Peduncle 2 or sitet
g, and 1 or 2 from ‘the same axill; calix reticulate
veined. Leaves sometimes suborbicular and core
Probably D. repens ae
This genus, apparently isting o a sin ae
_ cies, at feeon South ie to the WertPacis waite Sor
So continuing to Peru extends as far as New Zealand in
; Se ahaa epee. (Ord. Nat. Convonvunacst.)
Q 2 :

ame ee Ae
‘EVOLVULUS. ‘L.
- Calia 5-parted. Corolla rotate-campanulate;
- lobes subemarginate. Styles 2, deeply bifid;
segments capillary and divergent. Stigma sim-
ple. Capsule 2-celled, 4-valved, 2 to 4-seeded,

Stem creeping, procumbent, or erect. Leaves alter-
nate entire; flowers pedunculate, small; peduncles soli-
tary, bibracteate, capsule perfecting 1, 2, or 4 seeds.

‘ Species, 1. E. nummviarius. On the banks of the
» . Mississippi, near New Orleans. 2. sericeus? Stem diffuse
‘procut t? Leaves remote, sessile, oblong-lanceo-
- late, sublinear, acute at both extremities, under side,
- somewhat silky villous; peduncle 1-flowered, shorter than
the leaf, bibracteate, bractes seated in the axill. Oss.
~- Stem almost filiform, somewhat villous; leaves 5 to 10
a lines long, 1 to 2 lines broad, peduncles 2 to 3 lines long;
+ flower white, convolvulaceous, plaited, external margin of
the plaits villous; segments of the calix ovate, acuminate;
capsule 2-celled, 4-valved, 2-seeded. Haz. Around St.

Mary’s, in Florida, Dr. Baldwyn. v. s.

3. argenteus, Pa. (pilosus.) Perennial; stems simple,
erect, and low, many from the same root: the whole plant
densely hairy and shining: leaves cuneate-oblong, acute,

crowded; peduncles 1-flowered, subsessile; bibracteate,
_. bractes sessile in the axill; segments of the calix linear-—
Oxs. Allied to E. Commersoni. Stems 4 to 6 inches high;

ige of the plaits hairy, capsule 4-valved, often per
only a single seed.—Has. On arid gravelly h
near the confluence of Rapid river and the Missouri;flow-
ering in May. This us, with the above exceptions,
exists exclusively within the tropical regions of

Australia, and America.
lowers pentapetalous, inferior.
CHERA. L. (Allum-root.)

r, many-seeded. &
“ar: il; flowers small, in a thyrsoid panicle.
* : Ss. 1. H. ameri 2. villosa. On the moun-
a F » Virg' ia, and Tennessee. 8.

s-cleft. Petals 5, small. Capsule biros-

2s 6 to 8 lines long, 2to 4 wide, extremely hairy asy

the stem; flowers solitary, appearing sessile, pur- -_ 7

‘ | PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. - 5

- A North Améri¢an genus, with the exception of a
caulescens discovered also i in Kamschatka by the late pro- —
fessor Pallas.

_ t}} Flowers pentapetalous, superior, 2-seeded.
253. ERYNGIUM. L. (Eryngo. Sea-Holly.)
Flowers capitate. Involucrum many-leaved.
Proper calix 5-parted, superior, persistent. Co-
rolla of 5 petals. Receptacle foliaceous, seg-
~ ments acute or cuspidate. Fruit bipartile.

Herbaceous; leaves entire, digitate or pinnatifid, oftea
spiny, almost after the manner of Carduus. Inflorescence
irregular, mostly dichotomal. Capitulum imbricated, pro-
ducing bracteal or minute leaves.

Species. 1. E. virginianum. 2. virgatum. Capitilune
whitish. 3. Satidum. 4. aquaticum. Stem rather low;
leaves” sword-shaped, distantly margined with setose
spines, sete frequently by pairs; involucrum shorter than
the capitulum; segments entire or tricuspidate. Flowers ~

h-white. Pluk. Phyt. "1 175, #4, -S. * gracile.
Without spines; stem slender, dichotomous: leaves with
very few serratures, radical oblong-ovate, upon long pe-
duncles, cauline digitate or trifid, subsessile, se
linear-oblong; capitula solitary, lateral and terminal, upon
long filiform peduncles; involucrum none, or similar to
the bractes; bractes cuspidate, entire —Ops. Stem very
‘ slender, scarcely a foot high, grooved; radical leaves ‘ded
«With 4serratures; stem gfe py
* eentral segments often bidentate, late
unidentate, linear-oblong, and attenua’
segments of the uppermost leaves entire;
roundish, and very small, (scarcely bigger than an ordi-
nary grain of shot.) Har. In West ida. Dr. Re.
Of this numerous genus there are 8 other species in.
Mexico and South America, but Eryngium exists chiefly
in the sou'h of Europe, Barbagy, Syria, Persia, and the
Levant. Many of the species are submaritime, others exist _
in inland depressions, and a considerable persed s
agatid wastes. 4

254. PANAX. L. (Gin-seng.) _

Flowers polygamous; umbell si si
5-toothed. Corolla of 5 petals.

ai Re PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA.

Forcariati, 2, sometimes 3-seeded. Calix in the
male flower entire.

Herbaceous or arborescent. Stem of the herbaceous
species simple, verticillately terminating in 3 leaves, with
a solitary, central, pedunculate umbell; leaves _digitate;
winbell involucrate; flowers frequently producing 3 styles
and 3 seeds.
Species. 1. P. trifolium. Dioicous. Pluk. Amalth. t-
435. f. 7. the male plant; referred through mistake to
Dentaria (Nasturtium.) 2. quinguefolium. Gin-seng. In
digenous also to T:
a Of this genus there are 5 other Species; viz. 2 in the
west Indies, which become considerable trees, with co~
\mits, an herbaceous species in New Holland, of
“qoubtfal gents, 1 also which is arborescent in New Zea-
_ Iand, and a shrubby : species in India, said to be diuretic.

“953. HYDROCOTYLE. 5 2 eats Penny-
Se
oak Ubell. simple.—Caliac none. Petals entire.
spreading. Styles short; stigmas capitate. Fruil
suborbicular or reniform, laterally} compress-
ed. Seed tricustate, and flat, dorsal rib some-
% eet commissure flat, linear, and i im-
nate. Involucrum various,

ib Umbells axillary, sessile or pedunculute, man many or Pi
ty proliferous; flowers bracteate, brac-

mB leaves simple, peltate or reniform.

dagel a
3: cao Fruit reniform.
Of this genus there are 12 other species in South Ame-

to Chili, 2 in Europe, 1 in India, 2 in the Isle of France,
inwhich the seeds of umbelliferous plants

simple existence of pressure. 1 have
of Siietinn ssa] the ee | of
dorsal. By late

d on the back nd rés
on, is intended that form of ap-
he Parsnip (Pustinaca sativa,)

ig flat and the si aaera oe Oe

abling an involucrum. Plant herbaceous,

Ht. americana. Fruit suborbicular.- 2.

Tica, chie fly in Peru, besides 1. umbellata also indigenous |

btless in.most instances of more generic —

st

*

a

PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 177

i in New Zeslank aid 7 at the Cape of Good Hope; (ac-
cording to Persoon.) _

256. *GLYCERIA.+

Umbell simple.—Calia none. Petals entire,
ovate, acnte, incurved. Styles very short, subu-
late; stigmas obsolete. Fruit reniform, laterally
compressed, flat and truncate. Seed quinque-
costate, covered with an indurated bark: cem-
missure Jinear, immarginate and flat. Involu-

-crum 2-leaved.
‘Herbaceous and repent; leaves entire, cordate or re~
_niform, sheathing at the base, often pubescent, peduncles

axillary; umbell 3 to 6-flowered, frequently proliferous, —
trifid; flowers without bractes, subimbricated i ina lateral

Tow. rm thick and indurated,
Sync tages “G. repanda. {

angularly repand, and truncate at th
mostl. po si s oe

Ons. Petiole often ay oa ai to 6 Soctien) on the
flagellate stolons scarcely half an inch, pubescence at-
length deciduous. Flowers white. Stamina ac eee ee
the petals, anthers brown. Grooves of the fruit d
with interrupted, secondary, (cr internal) lines. Has.

_ Onthedry Margins of ponds and Piruleig jn, feuee® Caro-

ae a Georgia. .

6 this genus appertains Hydrocotyle |

Hf asiatica of India, and probably H. Si

Hi. Ficarisides of the tsle of France, zs

257. *CRANTZIA. £.

obtuse, Fruit _ zc |
vated, mane orbicular. Seeds unequal in size, ‘

charine taste.

¢ In memory of Pelibisce Crantz the ce
oouiiee 1 on the umbelliferous fered
so Nam hy Vahl having been refe

—— 4
+ From yAuneg es, » sweet the whole ples possessing ase

*
‘= e

nate

178 _ PENTANORIA. DIGYNIA.

each With 3 marginafed dorsal ribs, and 4

~ obtuse-angled grooves.—Involucrum about 5-
leaved.

A small succulent, repent plant; peduncles axillary, um-
bell many-flowered; leaves sessile, cuneate-linear, with
_ 5 transverse nerves (or dissepiments.) Nearly allied to
Azorella, but of a very different habit.

C. lineata. Hydrocotyle lineata, Mich. 1. p. 162. JL si-
nensis? L.~

Is; anthers roundish. s very short, re-

“with an elevated roundish base, forming

nost he germ, which thus appears as if cut round,

about the middle. Fruit nearl seen commissure

(or interior surface of junctiaa’ suborbicular, and de-

_ pressed, with a thick suberose, connivent margin. seeds

_ Convex, unegual, one of them often abortive? internally

* geigy, Concave, having 3 margined dorsal ribs or elévated lines,
_ exclusive of the commissure; rvais smooth. .

; rom New Jersey to Florida, in salt marshes?

nt near Egg-harbour, New Jersey, in a salt-

fem D

this genus probably appertairis Hydrocotyle linifolia,

ind H. virgata, which are certainly distinct from the pre-

- sent species, considered, however, the same with H. sinen-
sis by the ediior of Rees” Cyclopedia: see Hydrocotyle.

8. SAN. CULA. L. (Sanicle.)

and stamina inflected, Fruit muri-

umbelliferous: radii or branches 3 or 4 un-

juncea, &e.) Flowering time, from.

arly simple, capitate, —Calix 5-part-
uncinate seta. Flowers of the disk

- —

_PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 179

‘aie sessile; involucell multipartite. Styles filiform,
simple. Leaves digitate. (Character taken from 8. mari-
tandica; in S. Europea, the central flowers are masculine.)
_ Srecres. 1.8. marylandica. 2. canadensis. Both spe-
cies grow in the vicinity of Philadelphia.

Of this genus there are but 2 other species at present
enumerated by Persoon; viz. S. sie cab and §. crith-

t mifolia, of Russia.

259. DAUCUS. L. (Carrot.)
Fruit oblong, partly solid, ribs ciliated with
hispid hairs or agent bristles. Involucrum pin-
natifid.

Umbell many-rayed, while in flower flat, in fruit partly
_ contracted into the form of a funnel. Petals cordately in-
' flected; 5 primary ridges of the seed scarcely prominent,
nearly smooth; 4 secondary muricate.
Specirs. 1. D. carota. Com ; naturalized. 2.
pusiilus. Probably only avariety of D. carota.
bigo genus Daucus, now containing 15 or 16 species, ex-
peat ively in Barbary and the south ¥ wee ex-
cep Pos aoe of Egypt.

260. AMMI. L. (Bishop’s-weed.) =e
Flowers radiated, all hermaphrodite. Petals

cordately inflected. ** Fruit oblong, corticate,

angular, ridges 5, obtuse, intervals convex,”
SPRENGEL.}| IJInvolucrum pinnatifid. .

Somewhat allied to Daucus in ene ‘umbell ee sub- s ~ '
Fivaricate eee eee

padinag
leaves simp
ed, central ahs as well as peBealis stage the shor
test. Involucell consisting mostly of one trifid leaf: Calix
minute, 5-toothed. Petals oval, entire, with the points in-
flected, white. age very minute, with the base elevat

: Fruit partly e and ee somewhat ovate, or: om

7 Tn ‘denua ia
¢ Curtio Sprengel, &c. 1813."

e

ees

f
180 PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA.

corticate, very convex, with a thick margin, and three
primary, whitish, and somewhat acute ridges, intervals
‘convex.—The 2 other primary ridges of the 5 are conflu-
ent mee suberose margin, but can still be distinguished
from it.

In open swamps from New York to Georgia. Plentiful
in New Jersey, near to Philadelphia. ‘The habit of this
plant is that of Aethusa.

This small genus of about 6 species, is with the present
exception, confined to the south of Europe, Barbary and
the Levant. :

261. CONIUM. L. (Hemlock.) ;
Caliax entire. Petals unequal, cordately-in-
flected. Fruit ovate, gibbous. Seeds 5-ribbed,
ribs at first crenate; intervals flat. Involucell
on one side, mostly 3-leaved. :
_Involucrum 3 to 5-leaved, leaves complicately pseudo-
pinnate. 4
Species. 1. C. maculatum. Fruit ovate, smooth and
gibbous; stem spotted. 6. *crispatulum. Leaves Crisp, ulti-
mate segments subsetaceously acumina‘ed.—Rather rare;
chiefly on inhabited sites, and therefore probably intro-
duced, but altered by climate? A well known poisonous
plant at present used in medicine. ~
Of this genus there are not probably more than 2
genuine species, and those indigenous to Europe.

262. SELINUM. LZ. (Marsh Parsley.)

_ & Fruit roundish, emarginate at the base,
- margin alated, dorsal ridges $, obsolete, inter-
« vals somewhat convex. Jnvoluerum universal
_ and partial many-leaved.” Sprencen.
Species. S.canadense. Ferula canadensis? L.

European genus, excepting the above species, which
further examination.

263. IMPERATORIA. ZL. (Masterwort.)
Fruit roundish-oval, a little compressed,
emarginate at the base, ridges (on each seed) 3

al, obtuse, intervals flatly convex, margin
alated. Involucrum universal none.” SPRENGEL-

PENTANDRIA, DIGYNIA. if ir

~ Leaves ternate; (involucellum. in JZ. ostruthium 1 or 2-
leaved, minute.) :

Species. 1. 2. lucida. Sp. Angelica (weida. L. Selinum
canadense? Mich.
The plant quite smooth, and scarcely inferior in size
to Heracleum Sphondylium. Leaves primarily 3-parted, —
_ and decompound, the segments confluent in 5’s, of which
the more complete are oblong-ovate, acute, mucronately |

1 and deeply serrate; sheaths remarkably large and ventri=

cose, towards the summit of the stem nothing is produced |

but these large and membranaceous sheaths, and no —
other kind of involucram; the flowering umbell consist~

d ing of many rays is so dense as to appear nearly he-

mispherical; partial involucrum minute and setaceous:

flowers white and regular; with the seed I am unac-

} quainted; advanced germ truncated, roundish, somewhat
gibbous and compressed, slightly striated. Whether,this
he Sprengel’s plant or not, I have not the means of |
ascertaining, being unacquainted with the mature fruit,
in the absence of ehicls the definition becomes an insol- !
vable riddle. \

_- A-genus now, according to Sprengel, including 6 spe- |

cies, chiefly separated from Angelica and Selinum. —

264. HERACLEUM. L. (Cow-Parsnip.) =
Calix nearly entire. Petals emarginately in-
flected, often of 2 forms. Fruit elliptic, dorsally
compressed, flat, apex emarginate, margin mem-
branaceous, Seed with S striae, * intervals ma-
culate half way down,—commissure flat, pi
culate’ Sprencet.—Involucrum none.
. Umbell and umbellet many-rayed; involucel! s to Z-
leaved, outer leaves longer; central
_ abortive, radial ones in 4. usti x
. heres. ’* H lanatum. a, penile: species,
‘eateets distinct from H. Sphondylium. 2..* im
On the banks of the river Missouri. Inner
ee stems eaten by the savages of Columbia “ine

ly an European genus, of about 16 species.
265. PEUCEDANUM. 1. (Sulphur-wort)

Calixe minute, 5-toothed. Petals 0
irved, equal. Hystt oval a

ve

# aa -
182 - -PENTANDRIA. DIGYNTA.

~ compressed, sur
striated, stris 5 on each seed; intervals ele-
--yated, lined; commissure flat.

Involucrum few-leaved, very short, rarely 1 to 5-leaved;
inyolucell many-leaved, shorter; flowers mostly yellow.

$recizs. 1. P. *ternatum. Jeaves all ternate, upon
very long common petioles; partial leaves entire, long,
linear, acute, and attenuated below; involucrum nearly
wanting; involucell very short, 5 or 6-leaved; fruit oblong-
elliptic. e re

Descript. Perennial. Every where smooth. Stem 3
feet high, striate and slender. Leaves very few, 5 or 6;
: uncle of the lowest near 2 feet long! dividing above

into 3 linear leaves, either petiolated or filiformly attenu-.

- ated downwards, from 4 to 6 or 8 inches long, perfectly
entire, and scarcely 3 lines wide. Umbeils 1 or 2, termi-
nal; involucrum none, or 1 or 2 minute leaves, radii. elon-

ted, 6 to 9. Segments of the involucell subulate, 2 or

lines long; pedicells filiform more than an inch. Flow-
ers ? Calix marginal, entire, or none. Styles short,
reflected; fungous base elevated. Mature seed oblong-
elliptic, large as that of a parsnip, flatly compressed, but
convexly incurved, surrounded with a thick, alated fun-
gous white margin, continued internally entirely over the
commissure. Seed thin, longitudinally scored with 5

severe aed lines, and 5 dark striated intervals.

i ee the bushy margins of swamps, in the pine-

nial oT North and South Carolina. I have not seen the

"flower.

ie ES

Of this genus there are in Europe about 4 species, 2 at
the Cape of Good Hope, 1 in Japan, 1 in the Canary islands,
“< = Crete, and a heteromorphous species’ jn New Zea-
an

266, FERULA. L.
Cali entire, or minute. Petals oblong, sub-
equal. Fruit suboval, dorsally compressed,
-Marginated. Seeds marked with 3 dor-
On es; intervals and commissure striate.”
Sp.—Universal involucrum caducous; involucell
_ many-leaved. is AS :
- Stems for the most part very tall; umbell and umbellet
one terminal peduncle; leaves complicately pseudo-p:

ee
surrounded with an alated margin,

Pare it Sees

UmBettats. A true pinnate leaf, has the partial leaves or —
Setieta tre

; _ PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. - 185 —

Srecies. 1. F. villosa. An active poison. 2. *feni-
Se. segerr cs pubescent; leaves radical, supra-
slecompound, subbiternately + pSeudo-pinnate, primary di-
visions decussating at the Bae segments sa short, -
narrow-linear and subacute, ultimate laciniz trifid; involu-
crum none; involucell dimidiate, membranaceous, 5 to 7
lobed; flowers yellow. . eae mie =

Descript. Root perennial, fusiform. Leaves partly
resembling those of the Carrot (Daucus Carota) but more
numerously divided, and with shorter segments. | Scape
about 1 foot high, grooved and smooth, bearing a single —

_ umpbell. External rays about 5, 10 to 15 lines long, with
- several internal ones which are abortive. Involugell on
one side, consisting of a single memibranaceous lobed leaf
nearly equal with the flowering umbelict; peduncles short.
Calix minute, 5-toothed. Petals yellow, equal, oval, invo-
hute. Styles long and persistent; stigmas capitate. Fruit
compressed, suborbiculate-elliptic, surrounded with an —
alated margin, on either side slenderly striate; strie 5,
-S more conspicuous than the rest; commissure flat, naked,
the marginal membrane of the seed, not extending over
_ the centre. The seeds somewhat resemble those of Pas-
tinaca sativa and are nearly as large. Se an ee
Allied te-Pastinaca. Has. On the high plains of the
Missouri, commencing about the confluence of the river
Jauke. Flowering in April and May. This species pos- —
sesses somewhat the scent of Fennel, -

3. nudicaule. Nearly stemless, smooth and somewhat
glaucous; leaves supradecompound, subbiternately pseu-
do-pinnate, pimary divisions decussating at the base,
segments confluent, narrow-linear and acute; ultimate:
lacine iftreguiarly subtrifid; involucrum none; im
dimidiate, membranaceous, 7 to 9-parted; flowers

_ Smyrnium nudicaule. Pursh, Flor. Am, 1. p, 196. v.
under this name in Herb. Lambert. _ es Rae en

Ons. Nearly allie to the preceding, but producing a
minute stem or elevated caudex; in this also the segments _

¢ This word, which will be hereafter used, is analogous to
pinnate of others; though, strictly speaking, there isnot perhaps —__
a single instance of this kind of leaf in the whole order of the _

articulated to the common midrib, from whence they are
spontaneously soluble at the period of defoliation; such are the
leaves of Fraxinus, Robinia, Amorpha, Bignonia, &c. On the
other hand, the pseudo-pinnate leaves are always? more or less

oe

«

“base; the seeds are Pisa.
‘Narrower margin; the petals white,
> at the point —Has. With the above;
: ns Po the Columbia river. JZ Lewis.
= Flowering it a ay Both these species exudea resinous
"aromatic gum on incision, and also spontaneously in mi-
; nute quantiti ‘I have been induced to refer these 2
et sie to | ero rather than any other with which I |
, am acquainted, though they differ considerably in babit, Ps |

- but agree with the Ferula pumila of Pallas, indigenous
to Siberia. apt

267. * PASYINACA. L. (Parsnip.) ; |

se? it oval, apex emarginate, flatly (and dor-

ee sally) compressed, marginated, ridges (on cach

seed) 5, obsolete, intervals striate, commissure

- also bistriate. Involucrum universal and par-
lal, none. SPRENGEL,

ve Flowers yellow; leaves pinnate. P, sativa sometimes

produces involucells.

Species. 1. P. sativa. B. arvensis. In Pennsylvania.

A genus of about 5 species, nahigennas to Europe and
the Levant.

968. THAPSIA. ZL.

hue 08

sia “Fruit sublinear, ecostate; (seed) 4- winged,
wings. 2 dorsal and 2 marginal. Fnvolucrum
none 2 SPRENGET.

Petals entire incurved; flowers yellow or white; leaves
twice or thrice pseusdo-pinnate,
Specizs, 1, J. *glomerata. Neavly stemless; leaves
_ Smootirand flat,cruciately subbipinnatifid, seg ments linear-
y, obtuse, ultimate ies confluent, subtrifid; ymbells
mous, shorter than the leaves; involucrum none;
I dimidiate; flowers numerous, subsessile.
acaule, Pursh, 2. p. 732, in Suppl. v. 8 in Herb.
mbert, under this name.
“a ser uve Pee saberens, peatniah Plant siauath,
a" , almost an re sending seve-
alata trom the _ ~ ab

wi fg gt hee Nie

. ,

erage Fe) a AI

ie sume root; som simple, or subdivided

pbc ace dle 4 to. 6 inches bigh-
aves partly oppoule aie ce y divided, lobes short

‘and obtuse, decussating at the sides petiole as Tong as

pa ecm elen F 0:

j the Leonie and nails
lucrum none. Radii 4 to
the umbell in appearance
volucell 5 to 7 parted, on
Central flowers of the umb
masculine; fertile flowers white,
ly longer than the involucell.
inflected. Calix minute, 5-toothed.
sistent. Fruit large, subelliptic a
or 8 conspicuously alated ridges.
with 4 secondary wings, imperfect with 3.
lated, intervals flat, commissure naked, (the n :
extending to the centre, so as to cover the seed) ‘marked.
with 3 nearly central longitudinal lines. Axis insepara-
ble-from the fruit!—Has. On the open plains ofthe Mis- *
souri, commencing 40 miles below the confluence of
White river. Flowering time May and June.

A genus of 6 or 7 species, indignaous to the south of
Europe and Northern Africa. 2

269, LIGUSTICUM. L. (Lovage.)

Fruit oblong, corticate. Seed « with 5 acute
ridges and 4 grooves.”+ Jusstev. SPRENGEL..
© Involucrum universal and ae many-leav-

ed,?’ Sr.

Leaves decompounded, for the most part ternately de?
vided. Calix often $-toothed? ee
Srecits. 1. L. scoticum. In Canada.

Almost exclusively an European genus.

270. ANGELICA. L.

«« Fruit elliptic, compressed, somewhat solid
and corticate, ridges 3, dorsal acute, intervals
grooved, margin alated. Tire universal
none.”’ SPRENGEL.

tT Many huthors describe the seed, as having 5 grooves, vii
is impossible in the nature of umbelliferous seeds, as they are
_all referrible to a structure of 5 primary ridges, viz. 1 dorsal, —
2iateral, and 2 marginal; when inlaid with secondary ridges the
ca either obliterated, or produced comparatively b
depression or ‘obliteration of the primary sles ations; :
these never @xceed 4, so the intervening grooves, must ever be —
3 or 4, or if srry teeta double, Chek, a be
Sor 8, but never 5. Te sees

hi the peduncle. Anyo- -
y short; (soasto render -—
he

(486 --s PENTANDRIA. BrexNTA.

. ** um , many- yed, spreading; umbellet dense,

y pseudo-pinnate. (Seed with longitudinal
_ al margins, extending internally over the whole sur-

face of the commissure in J. triquinata.) Calix 5-toothed;
_ petals inflected.

‘Species. 1. 4. triquinata. Ovs. Leaves sharply and
incisely serrate, very smooth, lateral leaflets oblong -ovate.
Involucrum none. Peduncle, pedicell, and immature
seed, minutely pubescent. Involucell 7 or 8-leaved, leaves
almost filiform and subulate, longer on one side. Umbel-

._ Tet unequal, dense; flowers white. Petals oval, obcor-

_ dately-inflected, inflected point long and subulate. Styles

Jong and defiected. Seeds roundish elliptic, dorsally com-
ice ade ressed; margin alated, ancipital; dorsal or approximat-
‘ing ridges 3, acutely margined, almost rectilinéar—Hae.

Sprengel.
_~ 2+ atropurpurea. 3. lucida.

Of this genus there are about 8 species enumerated,
which, excepting the above, are all indigenous to Europe-
( Water- Parsnep.)
ete. Petals cordately inflected.
» laterally compressed, and

obsolete, and not

“involucell about 8-leaved. Leaves large,*

PENTANDRIS. DIGYNIA. 187

(which are always muctowaté) are ne equal anti: ele.
gantly approximate. Leaflets from ee 7 or 8 inches
long; not more than 2 to 4 lines wide, at enuated at both
extremities. Invoiucre of few or many aves (6to12)
according to the magnitude of the ‘
minated, entire or laciniate. Flow
dately inflected. Calix obsolete.
and deffected, having capitate stigm: rt

of the genus’) Fruit smalf, oval, laterally Soiree.
so as to produce a narrow commissure. Seed partly ovate,
with 5 equal ridges and 4 intermediate grooves.

This plant is unquestivnably the S. dongifolium of Pursh,
Flor. Am. 1, p. 194, and also §. tenuifolium of Muh-
lenberg’s Catalogue, as I have examined a specimen
which he had so named.

Of. this genus there are 9 genuine species in Europe
(1 in Greece with yellow flowers); 7 at the Cape of Good
Hope; 2 in Japan, and 1 in China, 1 or 2 in North Africa.
Few of them probably accord with the European and
North American part of the genus. —

272, SISON. LZ. (Hone-wort.) _

* Fruit ovate, solid, (seed) dorsally _tricos-
tate, intervals’ convex, contracted at the sides
(laterally compressed); commissure excavated.
Iveoolucrum few-leaved or none.” SPRENGEL.

Inyolucrum 3 or 4leaved or wanting; umbellets slender,

“few: flowered, involucell about 4-leaved. Leaves ternate _
- or psendo-pinnate, often with the ultimate segments trifid. _
Species. 1. 8. pusillum. Ligusticum pusillum. Persoon’s
Synopsis, 1.p. 315. Aéthusa divaricata? Sr. Probably a
Bunium? 2. trifotiatum, 3. marginatum. Sium seitaaeags

273. *ERIGENIA4$ .
Calix none, Corolla uniform. Petals Besice:

spreading, entire. Styles persistent, subulate,
very Jong. Fruit oval, somewhat laterally com-

t From ’spiyévesay a name of urera, the harbinger. of day
. or of the spring, as derived from éapy or #5 the spring, and é|
vizvouas, Texist, or come forth.* This plant is so called in
allusion to its early appearance in the springs eingpehe ee

flowering plant in the United Sta
simile she snow; about the 19%b oF 15th

”

*

? “«
-« s
188 ‘PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA.
"pressed. | Seed gibbously convex, marked with
- $strie; commissure narrow, immarginate, flat.
Spee lucrum none. .
_ Umbell imperfect; umbellulz about 4, 3 to 5-flowered;
involucell unequal, 3 to 5 or 6-parted; leaf solitary, radi-
cal, biternate, segments multifid; scapes gosta a con-

=.

similar involucrate leaf; flowers stellate; root a globular
so thber. te
ae E. bulbosa.

Sison bulbasum, Mich. 1. p. 169. Hydrocotyle composita.
, ~ Pursh, Flor. Am. 1. p. 190. H. ambigua, of the same, <.
_p. 732. H. bipinnata. Mublenberg’s Catalogue. :
~ Qxss. Caudex ascendant, about an inch high. Leaf soli-
'y, emitting 2 and sometimes 3 scapes from its sheath;
mina biternately divided, partitions subternate; seg-
ments subrhomboidal, cleft, ultimate lobes trifid, obtuse,
with minute points. Scapes round, 4 to 5 inches high,
terminating in an irregular umbell of 3 or 4 rays, subtend-
ed at the base by a sessile ternate leaf subdivided simi-
larly to that of the root. Leaves of the involucell entire,
simple, linear-oblong. Flowers white, stellately expand-
ing. Petals obovate-oblong, or attenuated downwards so
as to appear unguiculate. Calix obsolete, marginal. Sta-
mina, filaments erect, exserted longer than the petals,
anthers oval, deep brown. Styles subulate, persistent,
‘twice the length of the germ; stigmas obsolete. Germ
_ turbinate, Jatetally a truncated above. Seed

gibbously convex, marked with 3 curved lines, (my spe-
_, cimens were not sufficiently advanced to determine the
ultimate character of the seed) 2 lateral and 1 dorsal, the

Margin of the commissure being inconspicuous and form-
ing nearly a right line.
Han. In shady alluvial sojls, subject to inundation.
2 Near Lancaster, Pennsylvania; near Pittsburgh; on the
ig Ohio, Missouri, Tennessee, &c.
Of this genus there are probably 2 species, but the
second has not been indicated; Mr. Pursh’s Hydrocotyle
ambigua \ have now before me, which is’ unquestionably

PENTANDRIA, DIGYNIA. 189

pears to have been very complete, and collected also"by a
botanist, | dare not for the present announce it asa dis- _
dinct species. This genus appears to be somewhat allied _
to Sison, but certainly distinct. To Hydrocotyle it can ,
have no pretensions. idan rs ae
274. G@ENANTHE. L. (Water Dropwort, Fili-
pendula.) ae ee: Waeace

“Fruit ovate-oblong, corticate, solid, apex
denticulate, crowned with the persistent style,
ridges (or stria) (on each seed) 3 or 5 obtuse.
Universal involucrum scarcely any.” SPRENGEL.

Umbell formed of few rays; umbellets subglobose, with
the flowers often sessile. “Involucell many-leaved. Poi-
sonous plants, mostly aquatic, having roots with pendu-
lous tubers, fistulous striated stems, and pseudo-pinnated
leaves, commonly twice compounded near the root, often
laciniated, segments mostly entire on the margin.

Species. 1. @. carolinensis. + 2. Phellandrium. Lam.
Decandolle. Phellandrium aquaticum. L. Han. On the
Rocky Mountains? Px. 3. rigida. Leaves all? pseudo-
pinnate; leaflets sessile, oblong-lanceolate, entire or in-
cisely toothed; involucrum none; styles peltately dilated
at the base, extremely short; fruit subelliptic. Qss.
Stem erect, rigid, terete, even, striate, and fistulous,
Leaflets 4 or 5 pair, all segiiie, <ipcuieeceoed a ane

_ and somewhat scabrous margin. Involucell about 8-—
~ leaved, subulate. Calix 5-toothed, acute. Petals cor-
dately inflected; many of the central sessile flowers ste-

i Styles persistent, peltately dilated at the base,
scarcely a line in length, divaricate, obtuse or rather _
truncate, and distinctly grooved on the upper side. Fruit
elliptic-ovate, dorsally compressed, flat, (as in Jastinaca
sativa.) Seeds rather large, with a suberose prominent
subalated margin continued inwards so as to cover the
seed, slenderly striated on the back; striz 5. Soe

Sium rigidius, Willd. sp. pl. 1. p. 1433. Pursh, Flor,
Am. 1. p. 194 Probably Sison manginatum. Mich. Fl,
Am. 1. p. 168. eek .

3. *ambigua, Stem even, with few leaves; leaves all
pseudo-pinnate, leaflets three to five pair; narrow-linear,
jong and entire, all sessile and acute, under side glau-
cous; involucrum 2 or 3-leaved; umbells terminal, near-
ly solitary. Oxs. Root perennial, tuberous? Stem tall, _

“smooth, striate, fistulous and cylindric. Leaves dis- ~

ie. Leaves Cie-
_jant, with small sheaths, only about 4 or 5 on the whole

ase

~

190 PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA;
~ stem; leaflets 5 or 6 inches long, and about 2 lines wice,
‘thickish, perfectly entire, or now and then, but rarely,
bifid, circumscribed by a white and somewhat scabrous
_, Margin. Umbell rather small, with elongated rays. Um-
bellets roundish, with sessile abortive flowers, involucell
many-leaved, filiform-subulate. Calix distinct, 5-toothed.
Petals cordately-inflected. Styles very short, peltately
dilated at the base. Fruit smooth, flat, and subelliptic.—

. Nearly allied to the preceding species, and probably to

E. peucedanifolia of Europe. Hau. On the marshy banks

of the Delaware, near Philadelphia. My friend Z. Col-

‘ lins, Esq. informs me, that this plant attains the height of

6to 10 teet in the marshes of New Jersey, and that the

= lower leaves are extremely long and furnished with nu-

_ (merous leaflets, uniformly narrow like those of the Dela-

eS wate plant.—These 2 — do not well accord ‘with the

+ genus, and appear allied somewhat to Peucedanum, by

_ the flatness of the seeds. Iam satisfied that the celebrated

Sprengel could not possibly have referred our G. rigidiua

to his genus Sivm; one of us must be in an error as to
the identity of the plant.

OF this noxions genus there are about 12 species in Eu-
rope, Lin Barbary, 1 in tropical America (Hwanaca acaulis,
Cav.) 6 at the Cape of Good Hope. According to Per-
soon the tuberous roots of (£. peucedanifolia are eaten by
children in some parts of France.

275. AUTHUSA. L. (Fool’s-parsley.)

_ _ Fruit ovate, somewhat solid, corticate,
ridges (on each sced) 5, acute and turgid, in-
tervals acute-angular, commissure flat, striate.
Involucrum 1-sided or wanting.” SPRENGEL.

Kewves ternately divided, slender and compoundly dis-
sected.

. Srecres. 1... divaricata. Sp. Ons. Annual; stem erect

oe :

“In Carolina. 2. ccs
dissected, margin of the acute segments entire;
Pimpinella leptophylia? Persoon, 1. p. 324 Has. Io the

PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. ee: a

vicinity of New Orleans, from whence it was acciden-
| tally imported to ‘Philadelphia, in a box of earth, with
he other plants, by Mr. R. E. Griffiths who favoured me with
Z ‘ living specimens. :
_ Descripr. Root slender, fusiform, annual. Stem nearly
simple, or dividing into 2 or 3 branches towards the base
i . orthe middle, smooth, even and slender, about a foot
| “high, and nearly floriferous from the base. Leaves rather
| . distant, , ag having smail membranaceous abrupt
| sheaths, larger leaves subtriternately divided, ultimate ~~
segments bifid and trifid, very smooth, linear and acute.
| _ Umbell entirely sessile, arising from the sheath of the —
leaf on the opposite side of thestem, bifid or trifid without
any vestige of a proper general or partial involucrum.
Umbellet 10, 12 to, 15-flowered, more or less; pedicells
. short. Calix none. . Petals subovate, acute, erect, equal ~
and entire, with the points a little incurved, externally
rosaceous, Within whitish. Styles not visible, stigmas —
in all stages like so many subcapitate sessile points. Sta-
mina shorter than the corolla, anthers purplish. Fruit
roundish-ovate, corticate, and laterally subcompressed;
| _ commissure flat and striate, oblong-elliptic. Seed green-
; ish-grey, scarcely larger than that of Mignionette, gib-
bously convex, scored with 5 converging, angular and
turgid ridges; intervals acute-angular, and striate. Sen-
sible properties and structure of the seed not very dissi-
milar to that of Cicuta maculata, the primary ridges are,
however, less obtuse and interlaid with striz not with tu- —
bercular granulations.

276. CICUTA. L. (Water-Hemlock, Water-
+ Cowbane.) ;
ip Fruit corticate, roundish, and Jaterally com-
pressed; commissure oblong-elliptic, flat. Seed
gibbously convex, scored with 5 converging ob-
_ tuse ridges, and 4 intermediate tuberculate
‘grooves, : Ee 3
' General involucrum wanting, or at most of 1 or 2 leaves;
partial involucrum 5 or 6-leaved. Flowers regular. Calix
obsolete, 5-toothed. Petals sordetely inflected: Siyies
i ing; § su 1 . te
ang Ses erage
Specres. 1. C. maculata. Seva Lower ape ternate,
aiianae tend lowes areats; leaflets sapeeiiine , almost

aye

‘

192 PENTANDRIA. DIGYNTA.

- -perpendis ly serrate, serratures mucronate, lateral leaf-
- Jets oblique at the base. . Umbells axillary and terminal.
Involucrum of 1 or 2 minute leaves, but mostly wanting.
Involucell 5 and sometimes 6-leaved, acuminated. Um-
bellets numerous, many-flowered. Calix acute. Seeds
agreeably aromatic, with paler coloured ridges, and a
suberase episperm, intervals tuberculate. Han. Abun-
dant around Philadelphia, in the marshes of the Delaware,
2. bulbifera, Leaves various; in bulbiferous stems biter-
nate and very thin, in bulbiferous and umbelliferous stems
simply ternate, leaflets thicker, upon shorter uncles,
-._ Jinear sublanceolate, lacerately serrate; umbell terminal,
solitary, lateral branchlets bulbiferous.. Ogs. Stem low,
smooth, simple or trichotomous. Leaves in infertile bul-
Liferous stems, more compound and slender, with ver.
aes ——— ultimate divisions sublanceolate-linear, wit
very few serratures, in fertile stems the leaves have very
short petioles, petioles of the leaflets more than an inch
~~ jong. Primary umbell often opposite a leaf, the rest soli-
_ tary, terminal; lateral branchlets short and bulbiferous,
5 bulbs ovate axillary, covered by the dilated sheaths of the
leaves, often approximating so as to appear oppositely
imbricated, but where more distant, distinctly alternate.
General involucrum of the umbell 1 or 2-leaved, partial
about 5-leaved. Hap. On the banks of the Delaware near
’ Philadelphia; but rare. A genuine species, the fruit
- seareely distinguishable from that of C. maculata. ~
Of this genus there are but 5 species, the Sd. C. virosa,
is indigenous to Europe. : :
277, MYRRHIS. Morison. (Chervil.)
« Fruit sublinear, solid and angular, ridges
a little acute, apex attenuated or crowned
with. the style. Universal inyelucram none.”
SPRENGEL. aa
Spectres. 1, M. canadensis. (Sison canadense. WL.)
ses. send onrwepe ovate-acute, incase and. deably
rate, pe les by pairs; umbells small and unequal.
bifida Mut. “ti ES eee :
genus of 16 species, according to Sprengel, chiefly
% ae » Europe. bets"
278. * URASPERMUM.} Myrruis. Michaux.
P Fruit sublinear, solid, acutely angular, cau-
_ date, and without strig; angles subsulcate, his-

ag

Sas

PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 195

pid; commissure sulcate; receptacular axis se- |
mibifid; style subulate, persistent, terminating. _
the fruit. Universal involucrum none.

Umbell compound, with 5 or more rays. General in- ;
volucrum wanting. Partial involucrum 5-leaved, entire;
umbellets many-flowered; masculine florets often double

the number of those which are fertile. Calix obsolete.

Petals oblong, emarginately inflected. Leaves biter-

" nate, somewhat pseudo-tripinnate, margin incisely-toothed;

young plants canescently pilose, at length nearly smooth.
Sweet and aromatic, odor anisate; seed tasteless.
Spectres, 1. U. Claytoni. Scandix Claytoni,. Mich.
Oxs,,Root ferennial. Stems about a foot high, striated,
always more or les pubescent, but at first of a hoary white-
ness. Leaves only about 2 on each stem; ternate, with
the subdivisions from 3 to 5-leaved; terminal leaflets
rh@mboidal, acute, lateral o nen arate irregular and ob-
long, sometimes subpinnatifidly lobed, but maton in-

_ Cisely toothed, dentures mostly obtuse with a small-point-.

picion of its affinity to M..odorata.
: Ag ae

Umbells ae and terminal, rays about 5. Involucrum
wanting,.or of

terior hermaphrodite flowers about 5, males about 10,
all pedunculate, peduncles of the male-flowers capillary;

‘involucell 5-leaved, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, soon —
after flowering deflected. Styles filiform, as long as the —
germ, erect and divaricate, with inconspicuous sti %
Germ distinctly villous towards the base. No vestige of ©

acalix. Fruit Jinear-lanceolate, black and shining, subu-
lated, but without rostrum. Seed caudate, (an ach in

length, including the cauda, which is about 3 lines long)

acutely quadrangular, without either ribs or stria; inter-
vals flat and even, cuticle” peal unct cauda, and
more sparingly the angles of the sced |
Hae. Near Philadel een the shady banks
kill. The whole ty excepting the

matic odor as prc to which it Reire some
resemblance.—I Soni antandens is to be considered a
genuine Myrrhis, and Seandix procumbens and S. cerefo-
lium as examples 0’ of Cherophyllum, 1 could not for a mo-
ment hesitate to separate from both these fo the —
i of Michaux, not however without a sus-

or 2 small leaves. -Umbellets small,ex.

it Oo iad

os "s- PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA.
cay

a79. CHAROPHYLLUM. L.

a rc Fruit oblong-linear, terete, ecostate, gla-
ay brous, commissure sulcate.’” SPRENGEL.
g

Universal involucrum none. Leaves pseudo-tripinnate,
or bipinnate, ultimate segments divaricate, yariously and
incisely lobed or toothed.

Srecizs. 1. C. procumbens, Oxs. Young stems, and
particularly the sheaths of the leaves hairy. Umbells op-
posite the leaves, naked, 3-rayed. Umbellets about 5-
flowered; involucell short, about 5-leaved, ovate, erect.

_ Flowers all fertile; petals oblong-oval, entire, scarcely in-

flected. Styles very minute. Seeds ‘i g, 3 or

= 4 lines long, brownish, even, very smooth and distinctly

eirss lined; striz 5, intervals angularly clevaied. Haz. Near

ue Philadelphia, on the banks of the ylkill. Leaves
_ somewhat resemblingy Daneus Carota.

A genus now including scarcely more than 5 or 6 spe-
cies, indigenous to Europe, America, and Barbary.

280. SESELI. L. (Meadow-Saxifrage.)

«* Fruit ovate-lanceolate, solft, (seed) 5-rib-
bed, ridges somewhat obtuse, intervals partly
- grooved, Universal invelucrum none; partial
many-leaved.” SPRENGEL.
Partial inyolucrum 3 to 5-leaved, small; umbells sub-
globose, often rather rigid. Leaves simply or doubly
i pseudo-pinnate, segments linear.
Srecies. 1. S. triternatum. Pu. + 2. divaricatum. PH-
~ Stem short, procumbent, branched; leaves subopposite,

-

. shining, short and bipinnatifid, segments toothed, term!- »

; nal ones obtusely tridentate, petiole decurrent in the alat-
ae ed midrib; umbells upon long peduncles, hemispherical,
_ dichotomal and terminal; involucrum none, inyolucell
about che crf sen unilateral: flowers yellow. —
Ons. Root perennial. Proper stem procumbent, divided
the base, scarcely 4 inches long, angularly
all, except the radical ones, opposite, 3 or ’4 inches
canes ae one, as a shining, secort
cs 20U fr, ts 2 to
ee int Seiket cae tcbninatiog in 3
with minute points;

nearly dentures; petiole.
contin te lated ae Peduncles naked, rigid,

es ee

Pa

PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA.
and unequal, 5 to 8 lines long. Umbellets crowded,

lucell. 5-leaved, lanceolate-actminate, membranaceous}. .
__ unilateral, a little shorter than the flowering nmbell. Ca-~

_ long-ovate, angularly striate; about the size of Caraway.
seeds. Han, On the arid and denudated plains of the»
issouri, commencing about 30 miles below the conflu-
ence of White river. Flowering in May.—S. lucidum.
= N. in Fraser’s Catalogue, 1813. It appears to be allied
to Smyrnium, but of « very different habit, and the fruit
accords with this genus.

281. SMYRNIUM. 1. (Alexanders.)
Fruit reundish and solid, somewhat lates
rally compressed, angularly ribbed. Seed (black--

ish), gibbously convex yp Seaed “a 3 angular
elevations. i

in the centre of the umbell abortive.
volucre

Species. 1.8. integerrimum. Ons. Leaflets oval and
entire, with a point. Radii of the umbell. divaricate,
filiform. Involucell 3-leaved or 3-toothed, very ‘small.
and often deciduous. Calix minutely 5-toothed; petals.
oblong, acuminate, involfite. Styles divarieate, —
than the germ, stigmas subcapitate. Fruit large, about
the size of a lentil, suborbicular, laterally compressed, —
blackish; seed gibbous, angular elevations pig eau

Mountains; plentiful in the mountains of
Flowering in May and June.~
2. S. trifoliatum Leaves crenate, radical

S-leaved, unilateral. Calix 5-toothed. Petals oval, acu-
inate, involute. Fruit small, blackish, somewhat late-
rally compressed; seeds gibbous marked with 3 immar-

ginate angular elevations, exclusive of the inner mar-

«

ee Linn. Cnidium trifoliatum, Cusson. Fag cher
Jeordatum, WatTer- All these synonymsas well as that —
a Michaux, excepting Walter’s, as far as they regard the
3 y apply s some other apacien, probably to

. aureum, if

bee or less, 20-flowered, of which the half are abortive: 4 invo=,

_ Han. Chiefly on the principal range of the ee eh

tippermost 3-parted; flowers yellow. Oss. Involicell

e

: lix 5-toothed, acute, distinct. Petals oval acuminate,”
involute, yellow. Styles filiform, divaricate. Fruit ob-’h

aa roo wanting. Stem leaves sim- —

is; intervals substriate, commissure flat—Thapsia tri-

196 19 3 ke ANDRIA, DIGYNIA. at’

: gens indigenous to Europe, Northern Africa and
aa America. z ‘

- 282. * THASPIUM.+ a
_ Fruit subelliptic. Seed convex with 5 alated
-vidges, ale subequal; intervals grooved. Invo-
~~ Juere none. Involucell about 3-leaved, unila-
terval?
a: Flowers mostly yellow, many of them infertile. Styles
ali ; petals involute, acuminate.

| tals oblong acuminate, involute, at first greenish. Styles
} Sigoemndivasteate, lot oa the fruit. Fruit small elliptic,
With 10 whitish alated s.—Leaves often elegantly ma-
ulated with angular paler coloured blotches. Smyrmum
atropurpt Pu. Has. Not uncommon in the vicinity

§ 11. Umbells terminal; stem dichotomous.
3.T. barbinede. Liguaticum barbinode, Mich. Fi. Amer.
. 167. Lower leaves subtriternate, upper biternate;
aflets cuneate-ovate, acute or acuminate, My and
_ incisely serrate, entire towards the base; vechalle dichoto-

, 3-leaved; |

4

teeg

. PENTANDRIA. DIG
a:

Peduncles of the umbells rather short. Involucrum none.

tive. Calix distinct, 5-toothed. Petals deep yelluw, acu-
minate, obliquely involute. Be Sen persistent, filiform,
erect, about twice the length of the with distinct
but small stigmas. Fruit nearly as large as that of the
parsnip, elliptic in the outline. Seeds elliptic, convex,

nivent, intervening elevations much lower. Seeds aro-
j matic, and highly camphorated. Has. On the,.shady
at banks of the Schuylkill near Philadelphia. 4. acuminatum.
} Rees’ Cyclopedia, under Smyrnium.—In_ Pennsylvania?
5. acteifolium (Ligusticum acteifolium, Mich. Flor. Am. 1.
p- 166.) “involucell setaceous; fruit oblong-oval, with 10
a partly alated ribs; leaflets oval, equally toothed.” Many
a _ of the flowers sterile. Involucrum none. +.

: ‘ttt Flowers incomplete, —
283. ATRIPLEX. L. (Orache.)

2-parted, compressed. Seed vertical.

Flowers glomerate, paniculate; bisexual; masculine
_and feminine flowers intermixed, or on separate plants;

shrubby.

furfuraceous and canescent; stem shrubby, diffuse; leaves
younger leaves acute.—Oxs. Stem much branched,

times cuneate-oblong, obtuse and now and then em
nate, very entire, covered with the white branny scale
common to this and the preceding genus. Flowers dioi-

ones) pedunculate. Calix of the fernale flowers 2-parted,
becoming ind :

angles Style 1, deeply bifid,exserted.
2 » ee

ee

large, unequal, and acute, commencing usually a little be-
low the middle of the leaflet (leaflets 10 to 15 lines-long).

' Umbellets about 20-flowered, more than half of them abor-

one of them with 2 broader alated lateral ridges, and the
other with one dorsal alated ridge, margins alated, con-

Flowers polygamous.—Calix 5-parted. =Co-..
rolla none. Style bifid. Feminine flower; calix —

Species. 1. A. *canescens. (Culligonum canescens,
Pursh, Flor, Am. Sept. 2. p. 370.) Dioicaus; pulyerulently

linear-oblong, entire, obtuse, attenuated towards the e:

nes diffuse, about 3 or 4 feet high, with round grey branches.
Leaves alternate, 15 to 20 lines long, about 3 wide, some-

us, with 4, 5, and 6 stamens, conglomcrated towards —
the ends of the branches; male clusters (ut least the lower

. leaves alternate, rarely subopposite. Mostly annual, rarely —

acute, with’ 4 unequal cristated or —

ae

—
PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA,

Neatly allied to A. portulactides.. Hav. On the denc- .

dated saline bills of the Missouri; commencing about 15

miles below the confluence of White river, and continu-
to the mountains. Flowering in May.

2. hortensis. 3. patula. Both of these introduced, now

naturalized. 4. laciniata. ;

5.* argentea. Stem herbaceous, erect; leaves deltoid,
subcordate, somewhat obtuse, entire, on both sides ca-
nescently furfuraceous and shining; fruit subpedunculate,
oval, compressed, and obtuse, margin acutely toothed.

' Gzs.. About a foot high and considerably branched.
_. Leaves a little attenuated on the petiole, uppermost sub-

sessile. Fruit axillary, nearly naked on the back. Allied
‘to A. sibirica? Has. On sterile and saline places near the
6. * arenaria. Stem herbaceous, spreading; leaves vety
entire, oblong-ovate, subsessile, on under side argen-
teous, Upper ones acute or acuminate; flowers axillary,
merate; fruiting calix muricate, dentate, retuse—Oxs.
reddish, angular, about a foot high, much branched

_ nd spreading, annual. Lowermost leaves often cuneate-

oval and very obtuse; uppermost ovate-lanceolate, acutely
acuminate, whitish and furfuraceous on both sides, but

_». 9##more particularly on the under; about 10 or 12 lines long,

5 wide. Male flowers mostly running out into a short
a oe the ‘onda. of she bration female

ay s ax . Fruiting calix cuneate, or

retuse, with a 3 or 4-toothed re hry disk, or back
of the fruit, on either side furnished with 2 short dentated

rests or angles not more than half its length. Has. On

the sandy sea-coast of New Jersey. ae in A -
en

_ ‘This plant has long been known to my friend Z. Collins, —
— a distinct species.
iefly an European n gents the above excepted, with ©
1 species at the Cape of Good Hope, 1 in ary, 1 in

Siberia, 2 in Tartary, from whence A. hortensis is said

to have originated, and 1 in Bengal.

OPODIUM. L. (Goosefoot.)
— 5-parted, with 5 angles. Corolla none.
bifid, (rarely trifid.) Seed 1, lenticular,
ontaly covered by the closing calix.

» 5 - eee sens es 2 Se , game ua gas
PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. ae oe

Species. 1.C. Bonus Henricus. Ihave, as yet, nei-
ther seen this plant indigenous nor naturalized, in the ~
United States. 2. murale. 3. album. 4. hybridum, Com-_
mon around Philadelphia. 5. Botrys, Indigenous on the
banks of the Missouri and Mississippi. Commion in Penn-
sylvania in gardens and wastes. 6. ambrosivides. Much
i more common around Philadelphia than the following.
. 7. anthelminticum. 8. *subspicatum. Stem herbaceous,

‘subquadrangular; lower leaves hastate-ovate, bidentate,
acute, upper leaves sublanceolate; glomeruli approximate,
subspicate, naked. Oss. Leaves and stem whitish and

' somewhat furfuraceous; racemes glomerate, simple, ter-
minal; leaves with a single indention on either side, near
the base, which is cuneate. Han. In saline soils around
the Mandan village, Missouri.
Chiefly an European genus, occupying wastes and gar-
dens. Of the above species enumerated, as now common

285. SALSOLA. ZL. (Salt-wort.) .

Calix 5-parted, with a capsular base. Corolla
none. Style bifid. Seed 1, horizontal, cochle-_
t ate, covered by the connivent calix. (Fruiting —
calix in many species surrounded by a membra- _
1 naceous dorsal margin.) :

-

Stem shrubby or herbaceous; leaves alternate, very
rarely opposite, terete or flat, oftensucculent, sometimes
#pinescent; flowers terminal or axillary, frequently tri-

bracteate.

spi se; stem smooth or ; calix with a broader
margin. Oss. Stem di y decumbent; flowers tri- —

bracteate, solitary, axillary; calix unequal, in fruit car- |
tilaginous, orbicularly depressed and connivent, with
subulate points, segments unequal, 2 much smaller, s :
vounded with a membranaceous alated dorsal margin, _

*~

PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA,

ed and somewhat glaucous leaves; flowering branches at

inner margin ¢onnivent over the seed. Stamina

1commencing from the base to the summit, simple
alternate, appearing distichal; floral leavesabout one
third the length of the others and dilated at the base;
axills 3-flowered, lateral flowers tribracteate; bractes

‘very minute, paleaceous. Segments of the calix very

unequal, succulent, diaplfanous, and dorsally gibbous;
i £ rarely,
if ever, 5. Style 1, scarcely visible, minutely bifid. Seed
brown and’ shining, perfectly even; roundish-reniform.
Nore. Sometimes when the simple stem is much elon--

gated, the flowering plant becomes decumbent as de-

,

scribed by Michaux. The sced much more resembles
that of Chenopodium than Salsola. Has. In the salt-
marshes of New Jersey and New York, never on the
sandy strand with S. Kali. This plant is probably the

_ Chenopodium maritimum of Pursh. Afier a scrupulous

comparison also of this plant, now before me, with the
Salsola depressa of Pursh, I find them to be the same °
Species; so that the range of this plant is from the Atlan-
tic sea-coast, probably, to the sources of the Missouti,
in arid and saline tracts.

With the exception of a few spec’es in Siberia, and
Rarbary, 2 at the Cape of Good Hope, and 2 in India, this —
extensive genus of near 40 species is confined to the sea-
coasts of the south of Europe. Several of the spéevies are

burnt to obtain Soda. _

we ®

6. KOCHIA. Roth. a

_ tures. Corolla none. Style shorts. s
or 3, long. Capsule. 1-celled,

r
I aw

PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIAs a

white and Sarbaxnecne scales, Male flowers naked,
terminal, Calix inflated, whitish, and membranaceous,
somewhat globose-campanulate, entire to the orifice; ex-
ternal dentures greenish, small and obtuse; internal
’ longer and acute, at first incumbent upon the stamens,
afterwards nearly erect, deltoid and acute. Stamina 5,
. ‘ exserted, partly combined at the base, ye capil-
‘ Jary; anthers at first fulvous, at length, after dehis- .—
j

cenee, bifid at either extremity. Has. In sterile and
saline places, near the Missouri; abundant near Fort
Mandan, &e. Flowering in May. - I have never seen” _
any but male plants, and am unaequainted with the seed.
It resembles a small Atriplex or Chenopodium, in its leaves, —
and terminal conglomerated flowers.

__ ‘Yo this genus have been referred by its founder some —
of the species of Salsola,

287. ULMUS. Z. (Elm.) =
Calix eampanulate, 4 or 5-cleft. Corolla: none.
_ Samara} compressed, encompassed by a mem-

Fetes hed alated border. (Stamina pamginnts
4 and also 8.)
_.__ Trees or rarely shrubs; leaves retrorsely aipbiite, oles:

— oblique at the base; flowers fasciculate, conglomerate,
_ appearing before the leaves.

Specizs. “1. U. americana. 2. nemoralis. 3. fulva,
(Slippery Elm.) 4. alata. Leaves much smaller than |
those of any other American species. Has. In Tennessee
and Virgin a of the French Broad river, and in Carolina
Of eis e there are 3 species in Europe, 1 in Sibe-.
ria, 1 in arses pepe sf Sit See aS

pod

ne x > - r é
* 202 -PENTANORIA. TRIGYNIA.
_. Spectes. 1. P. aquatica. Principally confined to the
~ western side of the Alleghany mountains.
Of this genus there is another species on the borders
of the Caspian sea.

289. CELTIS. L. (Nettle-tree, Hackberry.)

Polygamous,—Calix 5-parted. - Corolla none.
Styles thickish, divaricate. Drupe 1-seeded.
Masculine flowers (inferior) calix 6-parted, with
= Trees or rarely shrubs; leaves mostly oblique; flowers
subsolitary or racemose. Filaments of the bark elastic?
- Species. 1. C. occidentalis. Calix of the male flower
5-parted; stamina 5. The bark of this species is often
remarkably rimose. 8. integrifolia. Leaves entire; bark
of the tree not rimose-—On the banks of the Mississippi,
near to St. Louis. 2. crassifolia. Is not this a mere vari-
ety of C. occidentalis, in which the young plants have al-
ways leaves that are scabrous on either side. 3. tenut-
~ folia. C. pumila, Pursh 1. p. 200? A low bush, in the
_ ‘Mountains of Virginia, flowering ai the height of 2 feet. :
Leaves nearly as broad as long, now and then without
serratures, often cordate-ovate, very little acuminated and
almost perfectly smooth on both sides. Berries solitary,
; brown and glaucous.
Of this small genus there is 1 species indigenous to
Barbary and the south of Europe, 1 to the Levant, 1-te
the East Indiés, 1to China, and 2 to the West Indies.

—_—

: Onver II.—TRIGYNIA.
290. VIBURNUM. I.

Calix small, 5-parted, superior, Corolla
- small, campanulate, 5-cleft, Berry or drupe
+ Shrubs with opposite leaves, naked at the base; flowers
terminal i el follies ae ¥
‘Species. , ium. 2. pyrifolium. 3. Lentage.
“pubescens. 11. Lantano’-
14, Oxycoceus, 15. edule.

¢ ly. es

PENTANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. —

Of this genus there are in Europe 4 Srecies, lin the
Canary islands, 2 in pens America, 1 in cpt lin
Imeretia and 8j in Japan.

291. SAMBUCUS. L. (Elder.)
Calix small, 5-cleft.. Corolla somewhat urce-
olate, 5-lobed. Berry roundish, 3-seeded.

Shrubs or small trees; leaves ite, simply or ee
pseudopinnate, in a few species bistipulate, in others bi- _
glandular at the base, glands stipitate; fowers cymose.

Species. 1. S. canadensis. Leaves on either side not
unfrequently more or less minutely and hirsutely pube-
scent. Fruit not eaten, nor agreeable. The first leaves
of young plants, after the cotyledones, are simple and cor-
date. 2. pubescens.

Of this genus, besides the above, there are 3 species
in Europe, and 1 in Japan where the S. nigra is also indi-
genous, of this species there occurs a variety with re-
markably laciniated leaves.

292. RHUS. Z. (Sumach.) . i

Calix 5-parted. Petals 5. Berry small, with
1 nuciform seed. —~ eS

4 Small trees or | bs; leaves ‘pinnate ‘or ternate, in 2
species of doubtfa genus, entire; flowers paniculate. or in
terminal compoundédand dense racemes; often polyga-
mous. Several of the: North, Amerigjn species are poison-
ous to the touch. te

Species. 1. R. typhinum. 2, glabra, 3, viridi iforum.
4. pumilum. Extremely venomous. 5. Verniz. also indi-
eS 3 to Japan. Copallinum. ag Toxicodendron. —

ae, oP stdans. distinct from No. 7., Both these spe-

cies are venomous: 9. aromaticum. . Dioicous; Re np

nate; this i the only species to be met with in’ Upper Lou-
siana, the hich, as in some | ‘ =
species, afford an agreeable and wholesome acid
Of this genus there are 3 species in tpopic
2 in the southern extremity of Europe,
extending into Austria, Helvetia, and@
2 common also to Ghina,.
to China and J : So pe island of New Caledo- |

. .

PeNTANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

293. . STAPBYLEA. Ree

} Calix 5-parted, coloured. Petals 5, inserted
a. the margin of a pentanglar glandulous
- Capsules 2 or 3; inflated, growing toge-
ae Nuts about 2, globose with a cicatrice.
Small trees, with opposite stipulated leaves; which are.
ternate or unequally pinnated, each leaflet furnished with

a stipule; flowers racemose, terminal.
Srxctes. 1.5, trifolia. Ons. Filaments of the stami-
na pubescent. Gerin 3-celled, cells many-seeded, but by

abortion ae only 2 or 3 seeds.
Of this. there is 1 species in the West Indies, 1
inthe A of Peru, and 1 in Europe.

294. TURNERA. y 8

Calix 5-cleft, funnelform, usually bibracteate
at the base. Petals 5, unguiculate, inserted
upon the calix. Stigmata many-cleft. Capsule
1-celled, 3-valyed.
Suffruticose or herbaceous; leaves alternate, petiole in
some species biglandulous; flowers axillary or seated #

upon the petiole, solitary; in 2.species the flowers are
racemose.

a m ao ate 1. T. cistoides. Near Sevan in Georgia?
“Pur =
This genus, except the above s chem, is exclusively
confined to tropical America. r

295. SAROTHRA. Lamarck.

Calix 5-parted, connivent. Petals 5, linear-
oblong. Capsule oblong, acute, coloured, 1-
celled, S-valved, margin of the valves semini-
ferous,

Acsmall plant with the badtimesnonsle of an: Hypericum,
much | bra

ar = e S
PENTANDRIA, PENTAGYNIA. 205
should be called S. gentianoides, a comparison which must

tend to mislead, as its affinity, if any, to that genus, is
entirely fanciful. — ka ea

Oxver [V.—TETRAGYNIA.
296. PARNASSIA. ZL. (Grass of Parnassus.)

Calia 5-parted, persistent. Petals 5. Lepan--
i thia (nectarys) 5, inserted upon the claws of the
' petals, ciliate, filaments with globose tips. Cap-
sule 2-celled, 4-valved. Receptacle .in the mid-
iB dle of each valve, Seeds membranaceously
margined.
i . Leaves radical, cordate, nerved; scape unifoliate about
| the middle, 1-flowered; flowers white, with pellucid veins.
Species. 1. P. palustris. 2. caroliniana. 3. asari-
Solia. : =e
A North American genus with the exception of P. pa-
lustris, which is also common to Burope.

Orver V.—PENTAGYNIA.
297. ARALIA. L.

Umbelliferous.—Caliv 5-toothed, superior.
Petals 5. Berry 5-celled, 5-seeded.—Umbells in-
volucellate. Se

Arborescent, gpa bates * herbaceous; leaves entire,
lobed, digitate, or repeatedly pse nded.

Sycerns 1. A. nudicaulis. 2, racemosa. (called Spike-

nard.) 3. hispida. 4. spinosa. {Angelica-tree:)

‘The remaining species Of this genus are indigenous to
the tropics! parts of America; there are also 3 species in
Japan and 1 in China. —

298, STATICE. L. a

Calix 1-leaved, entire, plaited, scariose. Pe-
tals 5. Seed 1, superior. a

—AnMenia. Scape simple, flowers capi-
tate, common calix many-leaved. :

P - 5

206

PENTANDRIA. PENTAGYNIA.

Spzcies. 1.8. Armeria. (Thrift, Sea Gilliflower. )

LimoniuM. Flowers scattered, upon a paniculated
or spiked scape, or leafy stem.

Species. 2. caroliniazna. (American Sea Lavender.)
Apparently a mere variety of S. Limonium. ‘The leaf is
obovate-lanceolate, mucronate below the apex, entire and
veinless; the scape alternately and numerously branched,
ramuli corymbose, teeth of the calix acute, flowers of an
elegant blue, each subiended by 2 very unequal bractes.

This numerous genus of near 50 species is principally

indigenous to the sea-coasts of the south of Europe, ex-

‘tending into Barbary, Egypt, Siberia and Lesser Asia,

there are also 5 species at the Cape of Good Hope, in the

299. LINUM. L. (Flax.)

Calix 5-parted, persistent. Petals 5, ungui-

culate. Capsule superior, 10-valved, 10-celiéd.
Seed solitary. (Filaments of the stamina united
at the base.)

Herbaceous and suffruticose; leaves mostly alternate;
flowers solitary, axillary, or rarely coming out opposite
the leaves, at the summit corymbose, racemose or dis-

_ Species. 1. L. wsitatissimum, Scarcely naturalized.
2. perenne. (L. Lewisii, Pursh.) On cultivating both in
the same garden, } have not been able todetect any spe-
cific difference betwixt the European and American
plant. That of the Missouri was, however, smaller, and
the seeds of a paler colour. Has. Commencing about
Fort Mandan, and becoming more abundant towards the

mountains; growing on the declivities of water courses. “

3. virginicum. ‘Throughout the Atlantic states, and in
Upper Louisiana. 4. rigidum. Oxs. Stem rigid, angular,
grooved; leaves subsetaceous, short, and erect; margin
of the calix leaves glandulously ciliate; petals cuneate-ob-

' long; seed pale brown.—Haz. Around Fort Mandan.

inches high, flowers pale yellow. 5. striatum.

_ Phe remainder of this extensive genus, with the excep-
tion of 3 species in tropical America, 1 in New Zealand,

_ and 3 at the Cape of Good Hope, is indigenous to Europe,

“principally to the south, extending also into Barbary and -

the Leyant. :

PENTANDRIA. POLYGYNEA. 207

$00, SIBBALDIA, L,
. Calia 10-cleft, alternate segments narrower.
Petals 5. Styles proceeding lateraily from the
germ, (as in Rosa, Poteniilla, &c.) Seeds
about 5.

Herbaceous alpine plants, with ternately divided leaves,
leaflets simple or subdivided; flowers axillary and termi-
nally aggregated, styles sometimes 10.

Species. 1. S. erecta. B. parviflora. Ops. Biennial;

ft pilose. Stem erect, 4 to 6 inciies high, numerously branch-
' ed towards the summit. Leaves collected in a rosette,
| on the stem alternate and sessile, radical somewhat twice
h trifid, segments subdivided, cauline leaves subbipinnatifid,

laciniz linear, obtuse; flowers sessile in terminal fascicles.
Petals white, subovate, obtuse, scarcely longer than the
calix. Has. On the highest gravelly hills, 10 to 15 miles
from the Mandan yillages.—2. procumbens. —

S. pi ng is also a native of the E Alps, .
and S. erecta is equally indigenous to Siberia. In Pal-
lass’s herbarium, now in the possession of A. B. Lambert,
Esq. there are 2 very distinct varieties of this plant, 1 with
petals which are considerably longer than the calix; nei-
ther of these are, however, so small flowered as the Mis-
souri plant. Of this genus there is likewise another spe-
cies indigenous to the Altaic Alps of Siberia, and a fourth
discovered by Tournefort in Cappadocia.

_ ORDER VI.—POLYGYNIA. .
: 501. ZANFHORHIZA. L. (Yellow-root.)
a Calix none. Petals 5., Lepanthia 5, pedicel-
late. Capsules 5 to 8, 1-seeded, semibivalve.

Suftruticose, root yellow; leaves simply or doubly pseu-
pel icayn: partly sheathing at the base; flowers termi-

3 in divided racemes, bracteolate. (Styles about 6 or
4 8. Germs 2 or 3-seeded. Capsules by abortion l-seeded; «_
hence it is distinctly related to the second section of the _
‘Ranuncucacea of Jussieu.)
Species. 1. aero Abundant on the banks of
the river Ohio, as well as in the soutiern Atlantic states,
‘where it chiefly affects the mountains. —The only sj

. Ousss VE—HEXANDRIA,
i Oxrper L—MONOGYNIA..

+ Flowers caliculate,

502, TILLANDSIA, L. (Long-moss.)
_ Calic: trifid, subconvolute, persistent, Corol-
la witid, campanulate, (or tubulous). Capsule
1 to 3-celled. Seed comose.
Leaves mostly radical, scapes simply spiked or panicu-
Iate. Mostly parasitic plants Sreiedting habit of Agave,

_ | of Alse, or of Bromelia, (A small section of the genus,

including 7. Usneoides of the United States, presents a

filiform and diffusely dichotomous stem with alternate

and filiform leprose leaves, accompanied by peduncles

_ which are 1 or 2-flowered, and a capsule of 1 cell. Scarcely

congeners with those splendid species of the tropics,

which depending for parasitic nourishment on the boughs

and trunks of trees, have their leaves convolutely im-

bricated so as to retain as in a vase supplies of water

which endure for several days together; these produce

scapes of flowers of the most diversified and vivid colours,

mmunicating an incidental splendour to the sombre
2sts | ich they are indigenous.)

-§ 2. Srrersta-t Calix double, exterior (bractes?) 2-

Jeaved, interior Capsule 1-celled, 3-valved, about

9-seeded —Stems filiform and dichotomous; flowers soli-

tary, or by pairs.

Species, t. T.recurvata. +. 2. Usneoides. Ops. Root
evanescent. Stem filiform, elastic, diffusely dichotomous,
pendulous (from the branches of trees) intorted, hoary
and furfuraceously squamose. Leaves filiform, subsem!-
cyl ndric, curved, covered’ with a pubescence similar to
that of the stem. Flowers inconspicuous. Capsule linear,
3-sided. Seeds comose, pendulous —The presence of th s
plant generally indicates an atmosphere of extraordinary
and unhealthy moisture. Mr. Pursh states its northern

_ Timits to be the borders of the Dismal Swamp in Virginia.
Crossing North Carolina and proceeding towards Charles-
_ ton, I have observed its western limits, in this direction,

Ft cee

: {From speDe, Thur, or trvist, in allusion to its contorted
‘appearance. .

i : i

so HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNTA. = 209

to be at Camden in South Carolina, from which point

4 cotton is more profitably cultivated and sickness more
general.—tts central, black, elastic and curled fibres,
} which remain after maceration, are not much unlike horse

hair, and are used for similar purposes, such as stuffing
mattrasses, kc. aii

‘The venerable W. Bartram informs me of the existence
i ofa Bromelixform species of Tillandsta, near the mouth
ofthe AKamaha, This is probably 7° polystachia of Muh-
lenberg’s Catalogue, fig ee

f This interesting and singular genus, consisting of 26
species, is, with the above exceptions, exclusively indige-
. nous t> tropical Am a‘ca, forming with many other para-—
sitic plants one of the .tust singular features of its vege-
tation.

$03. TRADESUANTIA. L, (Spider-wort.)
: ‘Caiix 3-leaved Petals 3. Filaments villous.
; Capsule 3-celled, few-secded.

Habit similar to Commelina, differing, however, in the
disposition of the flowers which are produced in unequal
terminal umbells, subtended by a long, 2 or3-leaved invo-
luctum, and in the filaments which are bearded. <"s

“Species. 1. V. virginicu. Throughout the Atlantic —
states, and westward into Upper 1! oulsian 2. rosea. y .

‘This genus is almost exclusively indigenous to India
and tropical America, there being, besides the-above, but
a single species hitherto discovered in the rest of the
world, viz. at tie Cape of Good Hope ( Africa.)

$04. DIPHYLLEIA. AMichaux.
Calix 3-leaved, deciduous, Petals 6, opposite
the calix. Anthers growing to the filaments,
cells opening from the base to the summit by so
many vertical clastic valves. Berry 1-celled.
Seeds 2 or 3, roundish. — 2 :
Stem 2-leaved; leaves excentrically peltate, palmately
lobed and semibifid; flowers in a terminal, solitary, ume
bellate cyme. (Petals obsolete S-nerved. Valves of the _
anthers conspicuous, spreading horizontally, persistent;
_ germ ovate, excentric, 2 to 4-seeded; style none; stigma
ile, transverse, sinuately curved, liptormed, lacunose.
nt, tough proximately allied to Caulophy!!um and —

216 HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

’ 4s at the same time, by its affinity, as well as common re-

semblance to Padophyllum allied in some measure to the

. Papaveracedé to which this last genus ought to be
referred.

Srectes. 1. D. cymosa. An American genus of a sin-
gle species, indigenous to the high mountains of North
Carolina. °

$05. CAULOPHYLLUM. Michaux.

Calix $ to 6-leaved, leaves small, unequal,
and caducous. Petals 6, unguiculate, opposite
the calix. Lepanthia 6, sw.ted upon the claws
of the petals, carneous, subreniform, margin
glutinous. Anthers growing to the filaments,
cells opening by so many vertical elastic valves.

~Drupe stipitate, by abortion 1-:eeded. ‘
Scarcely distinct from L.contice. Stem 2-leaved, leaves
iwice or thrice pseudo-ternate, ultimate segments 3-lobed;
flowers in a small racemose panicle. (Calix bracteiform,

3 to 6-leaved, small and unequal, 2 or 3 of the leaves

often wanting. Petals oyate-lanceolaie, unguiculate, mar-

gin reflected, 3 fo 5-nerved. Lepanthia about one third
the length of the petals, unguiculate, narrow reniform,
‘with a caTneous and glutinous margin. Anthers as in all
the Beaseriprs, having the cells closed by vertical
membranaceous velyes, which opening elastically from
the base, spring upwards in an erect or horizontal posi-
tion femaining attached to the summits of the anthers.
Style excentric, shori; stigma like a crooked tran$verse
pubescent line. Germ ovate, veniricose, 2-seeded, seeds
seated upon the base of the ovarium; mature fruit dru-
paceous cartilaginous, 1-secded; drupe stipitate.)

Species. 1. C. Thafciroides. In shady woods through-
out the Atlantic and wesiern states. Near Philadelpliia,
. but rare.

A genus of a single species.
306, BERBERIS. L. (Barberry.)

Calix G+leaved. Petals. 6, each bearing 2
glands upon the claw. Style none. Stigma
umbilicate. Berry 1-celled, 2 to 4-seeded. (Fi-

_. Jaments of the stamina sensitive; springing
: {sy with elasticity on being touched near

HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNTA. O1t

Shrubs with alternate leaves, often collécted in fasci-
cles, surrounded at the base by imbricated gemmaceous
scales, and subtended by a simple ortrifid spine; flowers
issuing from the middle of the fascicles, racemose, subco-
rymbose or solitary. (The sensitive property existing in
the filaments of this genus appears to be mechanically
accounted for by. Persoon, who remarks, that the filaments
at first adhere to the-glands, and afterwards rise up with
elasticity; in the following genus, however, where no
glands exist, the character of sensibility alone’ must be
admitted.)

Seecies. 1. B. canadensis. Older branches covered
with small verrucose punctures; spines -trifid; leaves

_vather small, oblong-obovate, distantly serrate; racemes
_ simple, recurved, subcorymbose; leaves of the calix very
unequal, 5 interior, oboval, twice the length cf the exte-
rior; berry subglobose.—Oss. A smaller and later flower-
ing species than B. vulgaris, from which it is sufficiently

4

distinct. Stems and roots yellow; spines tr.fid, divaricate.

_ Racemes partly corymbose, horizontal or recurved, not
pendulous, lower pedicells often new an inch long. Flow-
ers mostly bibracteate, and of an agreeable odor; leaves
of the calix paler than the corolla, yellow, conspicuously
unequal, exterior oval, about half the length of the inte-
rior, interior cuneate-oboval, longer than the corolla. Pe-
tals cuneate-oval, bifidly emarginate, deep yellow, biglan-
dular near the base. Filaments of the stamina irritable.

Germ 2 to 4-seeded. Berry subglobose, seldom oblong, |
miniate, 2 rarely 3-seeded.—Has. On the Alleghany moun-—

tains, from Canada.to Georgia; also in Tennessee, where
it appears almost scmpervirent.

Of this genus, which like Aibes may be considered sub-

alpine, there is 1 specic s in Europe, extending to the Le-
vant, and as far as Lebanon in Syria, a second indigenous
to the isle of Crete, and &. sidirica to the Altaic Alps;
but the mountains of Sonth America already afford no

less than 12 species of this interesting genus, several of

them peculiar to the frigid climate of the Straits of Ma-
gellan, and the rocks of Terra del Fuego.

307. * MAHONIA.{
Culix 6-leaved, unequal. Petals 6. Neeta-
riferous glands none. Filaments ivvitable, each
* in memory of the late Mr. sernard McMahon, whose ar-
ent attachment to Botany, and successful introduction of use-
claim to public esteem.

horticulture inten: Cleo ee ee

212 - WEXANDRIA, MONOGYNZA.

filiformly bidentate; anthers (as in Berberis)
growing to the filaments; cells opening by so
many vertical elastic valves. Berry many-
seeded.

Suffruticose plants with pinnated leaves and terminal
aggregated racemes; berries purple.

Species. 1. M. Aguifolium. Leaves unequally pin-
nate, about 3 pair, leaflets oblong-oval, acute, repandly
and-mucronately toothed, veined, obliquely truncate at
the base; petals bifid at the points. Berberis Aquifolium
Pursh, Flor. Am. 1. p. 219.t.4. 0 =~

Oss. Surculose; stem suffruticose, 6 to 12 inches high;
leaves = flowers terminal. Leaves eo shin-
ing, dark green. Racemes aggregated, terminal, erect,

whernedetih: pedicells brecteate at the base, sometimes

_ with an additional bracte near the extremity. Calix 9-

.- Jeaved, leaves in 3 serics, exterior bracteiform and small,

the 3 interior longer than the corolla, nearly three times
the length of the other calix leaves, cuneate-oval, obtuse
and nerved. Petals connivent over the stamina, oblong-
lanceolate, bifid at the point, destitute of the glands of
Berberis, but nectariferous at the base. Stamina, fila-
ments linear, flat, about the length of the anthers, with a
short filiform process on either side of each, arising from
the base of the anther; valves of the anthers erect, conspi-
cuous; cells margined on one side, Style tione. Stigma
entire, orbicular, flat, and umbibeate. Germ ovate, gib-
bous or excentric, immature. seeds 9, or more, oblong-
cylindric, attached to the base of the berry. Flowers swect-
scented, coming out in May, (in Mr. MeMahon’s green-
house.) Cultivated for several years by Mr. McMahon from
seeds collected in the Rocky Mountains by the late gover-
nour Lewis.

2. nervosa. Leaflets 6 pair, ovate-oblong, repandly ser-
rate, somewhat S-nerved, petals entire.— Berberis nervosa.
Pursh, 1. p. 219. t. 5.

A third species of this genus is indicated by Mr Pursh

_as indigenous to the kingdom of Napaul in India; probably ~
in a Mountainous country.

308. PRINOS, L. (Winter-berry.)
Calia small, 6-cleft. Corolla monopetalous,
—* 6-parted. Berry 6-seeded; seeds nu-
ciLOrm. <

.

HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 213

' Small trees or shrubs with alternate deciduous or sem-
pervirent leaves; peduncles lateral or axillary, usually
many-flowered; flowers small, sometimes 5, 7 or 8-cleft,
with a similar number of stamina and seeds.

Species. 1. P. verticillatus. Wioicous. 2. ambiguus.
Michaux. Leaves deciduous, oval, entire, with a mucro-

‘nulate point, petiolate, smooth on both sides; feminine
flowers solitary, upon long peduncles, Ons. A small tree
with a smooth whitish bark; leaves betwixt oval and el-
liptic, always entire on the margin, about one inch and
a half long, and one inch wide, petioles near half an inch;
peduncles of the fruit often 2 inches in length. This is
not P. ambiguus of Mr. Pursh,’ which seems to be littl
more than a variety of No. 1. git

3. levigatus. Pu. 4. lanceolatus.Pu. 5. glaber. (Inks
berries.) 6. coriaceous. Pu. 7. *atomarius. Leaves sem=
pervirent, cuneate-oval, acute, coriaceous, apex subser- >
rate, under side atomiferous; younger branches subvis-
cose; pedicells lateral, 1-flowered; berries tuberous —

: Ons. Nearly allied to P. glaber, but evidently distinct;

; perhaps more nearly related to P. coriaceus of Pursh, but

] by no means reconcileable with his description. Jt is a

shrub much higher and larger as well as broader leaved

than P. glaber; the leaves 1 and a half to 2 inches long,
and from 10 to 12 lines wide, serratures mucronate, not
exceeding 2 pair, situated towards the point, often want
ing; under side scattered with minute blackish atoms;

. younger branches or shoots brown and viscid, in P. glaber

‘ minutely pubescent. Berry 6-seeded, large. Has. In

Georgia (around Savannah), South and North Carolina;

Es rather rare. ae ,

An American genus, of which 4 other species are indi- .
genous to the West Indies. fo ee

nt ib nak

ais

- a ed

+t Flowers spathaceous. |

309. PANCRATIUM. ZL. |

Corolla superior, funnelform, with a long
tube. Lepanthium (nectary) 12-cleft, bearing 4
the stamina.

Spatha 1-leaved, opening laterally, 1 or many-flowered.

Species. 1. P. mexicanum. 2. retatum. 3. mari-—
= f this. splendid is indigene

The greater part of this splendid genus is igenous
to tropical America, there are ai the same time 2 species’

in and 3 in Europe. py

214 HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

310. CRINUM. L.
— Corolla superior, funnelform, half 6-cleft;
tube filiform, border spreading and. recurved;
segments subulate, chanelled. Filaments in-
serted upon the orifice of the tube, separate.
Spatha 2-parted, many-flowered, in some species bulbs
are produced amongst the capsules.
Species. 1. C. americanum. Plentiful in the marshes
around New Orleans, Louisiana.
_ _ A tropical genus of great splendour, of which there are
_ 2 species in India, 1 in Africa, and 3 in America; the na-
tive place of C. bracieatum is unknown.

: Corolla superior, hexapetaloid, irregular.
Filaments of the stamina originating from the
orifice of the tube, declinate, (or straight,) un-
equal in proportion or direction.

Spatha 1 or many-flowered, opening laterally.

Spectes. 1. A. Atamasco. In Virginia and Carolina.

A very splendid and numerous genus, chiefly tropical,

and principally indigenous to America and the southern

extremity of Africa; a few species exist in India and

China, 1 in Europe, 1 in Siberia, and 1 on the borders of

the Caspian sea. anes

312, ALLIUM. L. (Garlick, Leek, Onion, &c.)

Corolla 6-parted, spreading. Spatha many-

flowered. Umbell crowded. Capsule superior,
3-celled, 3-valved, many-seeded.

Flowers capitate or umbellate; leaves flat or fistulous;

umbell in some species bulbiferous; in some the fila-

ments are tricuspidate, with the central cusp bearing the

Srecres. 1. A. vincale. Naturalized. Now a preva-
lent and injurious weed. 2. fragrans. 3. striatum. 4. an-
guiosum. Two varieties, oné with white and another with
purple flowers. On the banks of the Missouri, abundant.
certigam. 6. stellatum. Sims, Hot. Mag. Ons. Scape 19.
to 15 ineéfes high. Leaf linear, channelled, under side
_ earinate, about a line and ‘a half broad, and 10 lines long. —
Scape subtriquetrous, umbelliferous, umbell fastigiates

HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNTA. 215

many-flowered, before flowering reflected, afterwards
erect. Spatha acute. Three exterior petals shorter,
ovate, subcarinate, rather obtuse, interior petals oblon-
gated. Stamina subulate, simple. Capsule turbinate,
triquetrous, angles bidentate above, cells 2-seeded. 7.
triforum. Px. Described by Mr. Rafinesque under the
same name in the New York Medical Repository, 2. p. 362.
No. 59. in 1808. 8. canadense. 9. tricoccon. In this
utr the flowers only appear after the decay of the
eaves.

This vast genus of more than 60 species is almost ex-
clusively European, extending, however, into Siberia and
northern Africa, many of the species are alpine, or sub-
alpine. Several have ranked amongst condiments or. arti-
cles of diet from the remotest antiquity.

513. BRODLASA. Smith,

Corolla inferior, campanulate, 6-parted. Fila-
ments of the stamina inserted around the orifice.
Germ pedicellate. Capsule 3-celled; cells many-
seeded. ¢

Habit somewhat similar to Aldicm; umbell many-fiow-
Srecizs. 1. B. grandifora. On the plains of the Co-
lumbia and Missouri. M. Lewis. The only species of
the genus.
514. HYPOXIS. LZ. rs

Spatha 2-valved. Corolla superior, 6-parted,
persistent. Capsule elongated, narrower at the.
base, 3-celled, many-sceded, Seeds roundish,

Root fibrous; leaves gramineous; seapes 1 or few-
flowered.

Species. 1.H. erecta. 2. graminea. 3. juncea.

The rest of this genus of 14 species, with the excep-
tion of H. decumbens of Jamaica, is exclusively indigenous
to the Cape of Good Hope.

315. PONTEDERIA. L.

Corolla inferior, 6-cleft, bilabiate; under side
of the tube perforated with 3 longitudinal fora-
mina, lower part persistent, calicine. Stamina

216. § -HEXANDRIA., MONOGYNIA. |
unequally inserted, 3 of them upon the summit ?
of the tube. Utriculus muricate, 1-seeded. et ge

Aquatic plants; leaves partly radical, of a form betwixt
cordate and sagittate; scapes unifoliate; flowers aggre-
gated in spikes, or fastigiated in unequal umbells, colour
blue, upper lip marked with a discoloured spot. : :
Species. 1. P. cordata. Has. Chiefly within the limits
of tide-water, throughout the Atlantic coast. Oss. Leaves
sheathing, sheath entire; petiole about one third the
length of the leaf. Spike at first protected by an ovate
spathe, pubescent. Flowers aggregated by 5’s and 4’s,
sessile, bilabiate, upper lip flat, 3-toothed, blue with a
greenish variolate spot in the centres lower lip 3-paried;
tube curved, about equal in length with the limb, marked
with 6 longitudinal striz, and on the under side singuiarly
_ perforated with 3 gashes or longitudinal foramina. Sta-
-- mina 6, 3 near the base and 3 towards the summit of the |
tube; the S-exserted staminaof the lower lip variabie in
length. Style filiform, blue, marescent with the corolla
and usually about its length, shortest when the stamina
are most exserted; stigma entire, minute. Germ rather
gibbous, ovate, l-seeded. Fruit a l-sceded, greenish, mu-
ricated utriculus formed by the persistent calicing base of
the corolla; cristated ridges of the fruit 6. sperm
_ ovoid, conic, very white, sweet and farinaceous, (probably
nutritious.) Corculum in the axis of the perisperm, cylin-
dric, inverted, (or with the rad.cal upwards); gemmuala ¢

- oval, conspicuous. :
2. angustifolia. Pursh. Flor. Am. 1. p. 224. Leaves
acute, elongated-triangular, base tr te-subcordate, seg-

ments of the lower lip of the corolla linear-lanceolate.—1n
subalpine lakes on the Alleghany mountains. New York,
&e. PP. mucronata? Rafinesque New York, Med. Repos.

2. p. 352.
3. * lanceolata. Leaf narrow, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse,
base entire, petiole very short; spike short. Han. Near
Savannah in Georgia—Dr. WW. Baidwyn. Also in South
_ Carolina. Scape less than a foot long; spathe very obtuse.
Leaf nearly a span long, about an inch wide, very ,
_ in P. cordata the leaf is diaphanous when held to the light.
~ Corolla blue, segments of the lower lip linear, longer than

MA Facer 2. os aap het cger ig betwixt |
oe cot ikea aren i tak
: ss gi aaah, Pate snake bud siting £8 the per- |

*

Sl Sd si a, } ce re

* 4 vt
s, 3

MEXANDRIA, MONOGYNIA, Q17r

. ie, : ‘ 3 i
“T, 5 =eenthe tube, upper lip marked with a broad greenish spot,
ian unexpanded flowers and.filaments of the stamina thickly
ae covered with round, blackish, glandular? atoms; tube
ee perforated with 3 gashes. Three lower stamina some- °
me times longer than the corolla. : x
_ Of this ainpilas genus of aquatics there are 3 species —
in India and 2 in tropical America. The P./imosa belongs —
to the genus Heteranthera, having a capsule of 3 cells, a
character very erroneously retained to Pontederia in which
there is no capsule at all. “Y a

tit Flowers naked.

316. CONOSTYLIS. R. Brown, Fior. Nov. Hol-
land. 1. p. 300. —
: Corolla semisuperior, 6-cleft, persistent, wool-
) ly. Anthers erect. Style conic, tripartile. Stig-
ma simple. Capsule opening at the summit,
8-celled, 3-valved, many-seeded. aa

2 ‘Leaves gramineous or caricine; scapes corymbiferous;
wers tomentose. - eg eee
Re Species.. 1.C. americana. Pu. Capsule triquetrous,

ferior, valves septiferous in the middle; seeds
‘ ; small, whitish, oblong-subcylindric, longitudinally striated,
7 attenuated towards the base, seated near the bottom
; of the capsule. Pubescence simple, not ramulose.
Probably not exactly a congener with the New Holland
‘Species of this genus. It has been calied Lophiola aurea
by the editors of the Botanical Magazine.

$17, ALETRIS, ZL. (Star-wort.) — eee
Corolla tubulous, ovate, summit 6-cleft, ru-
gose, persistent. Stdmina inserted upon the
margin of the orifice. Style triquetrous, tri- pee Sas
partile, Capsule semisuperior, 3-celled, many-

ace :
Root prar tuberous, bitter; leaves radical, dis-

_.. (Capsule opening horizontally all round?+ seeds minute,

{1 aot satisfactorily ctorily acquainted with lie: soiled y wh

218 HEXANDRIA, MONOGYNTA,

Species. 1. A. farinosa. 2. aurea. Mr. Le Conte
distinguishes several species. of this genus confounded
with A. farinosa.

An American genus, excluding the gigantic A? fragrans
of Africa, which must indeed have been very negligently
piss to Aletris, according to the description of it by

’ ussieu.

318, YUCCA. L. (Adam’s Needle.)

Corolla inferior, campanulate, segments not
nectariferous. Filaments of the stamina sub-
clavate. Style none. Capsule oblong, with 3

obtuse angles, 3-celled, opening at the summit.

Proper stem none; caudex inconspicuous or assurgent
and shrubby; leaves comose, (or crowded and termina!)
ensiform, spiny at the point, sometimes with a sphacelate
filamentiferous margin; flowers in a terminal irregular
panicle, each protected by 2.spathes; corolla white, round-
ish campanulate.

Srecies. 1. Y. flamentosa. 2. angustifolia. Stemless;
leaves Ruvcets. ong. mane and mucronate, margin fila-
mentose; capsules large a , oblong-obovate.—Has-
(m the banks of the Miscou: Foes ae candiabvice of the
river Platte to the mountains. Flowers large and white;

leaves scarcely half an inch wide.

3. recurvifolia. in sandy fields, North Carolina. v. 2-
gloriosa. Capsule internally filled with a sweetish
pulp of a purple colour. This plant is called petre, by the
Mexican Spaniards, and used for cordage, ropes, &C. as
we}l as for packing-cloth, and is extremely durable. _5-
alvifolia. There is also a 6th species of this genus dis-
covered by the late Mr: John Lyons, improperly called
__¥. angustifolia by the gardeners around London; it 18
nearly allied to Y. flamentosa, but much narrower leaved;

- with its specific characters 1 am unacquainted.

An American genus, affecting the sandy sea-coasts.

819. AGAVE. ZL, ee :

Corolla superior, erect, tubulous or funnel-
_ form. Staminiferous filaments longer than the
_ corolla, erect.” Capsule (inferior) triangular,

HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 919

Caudex sometimes ligneous and ascending; leaves radi-
j cal, or comose, rigid, and channelled, with the point and
i often the margin spiny, younger leaves obvolute, or rolied
around each other spirally; panicle ascending from the
F caudex, very large and pyramidal. A genus scarcely dif-
E fering generically from Aloe except in the situation of the

capsule, which is inferior. ‘
Species. 1.A. virginica. From Virginia to Florida,
also in Upper Louisiana. Se B
An American genus, chiefly tropical. .4. americana is

i probably the largest of all herbaceous plants, its panicles
I of flowers aré of the magnitude of small trees. In Peru
; and Mexico it has long been cultivated by the indigenes
| and colonists for various and important economical pur-
I poses. It affords an abundant vinous liquor and by dis-
Hy tillation alkohol, of the fibres of its enormous leaves are

made thread and paper, Kc.
| $20. HEMEROCALLIS. LZ. (Day Lily.)
Corolla campanulate; tube cylindric. Stami-

| na declinate. Stigma rather smali, simple, and
: partly villons.
Roots fascictilated; scape corymbose.
Species. 1.H. fulva. Leaves broad linear, carinate,
& tals flat and acute, nerves of the petals undivided.
iLLp. Sp. 2. p. 197. Naturalized in moist meadows
around Philadelphia, and also in secluded situations on
the banks of the Schuylkill. Ihave introduced it into
the American Flora to mark its future progress, which is
already such, as easily to impose upon a stranger for an
indigenous plant. i he
. : The H. fava and H. graminea, are said to be natives of
Siberia, and H. fulva of the Levant; there are also 3
other species of this genus indigenous to Japan. —
| $21. PHALANGIUM. Tournefort. — ee
| Corolla of 6 petals, spreading. Filaments
| naked or smooth. Capsule ovate. Seeds angular.
Roots often fibrose or fasciculate. Leaves flat. Flow-
ers mostly white or purplish. .
Species. 1, P. esculentum. T. N. in Pras. Catal. 1813.
Scilla esculenta. Bot. Mag. 1596. P. Quamash, Parsh,.
Flor. Am. 1. p. 226. In the spring of the year 1810, f
discovered this plant near the confluence of Huron river
and Lake Erie, i have since found it abundantly imalluvial

¥ 2 Me aed

‘

ase

HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

- situations a few miles thisin St. Louis, Louisiana, and more

‘recently yery plentiful on the lowest banks of the Ohio.

The late governor Lewis brought specimens of this plant

yallies of the Rocky Mountains, and informs us
‘that the roots form a favourite article of diet amongst the
aborigines of the mountains. The distribution of this
plant from east to west is over an extent of more than
2000 miles, but from north to south not more than 300,
if so much.—This species appears to be somewhat allied
to P. glaucum of Peru.

2. croceum. Oss. Leaves arid, gramineous; raceme -
few-flowered (10 to 12 or more), lower flowers half an |
Pn tt; bractes very obtuse and membranaceous, -

sut a line long, obvallate; ‘pedicells: erect, filiform,
rin ee inch; flower about the size and colour of JVar-

_ thecinxm americanum, or saftron yellow, the centre of the

~ petals, particularly on the exterior, being deeper coloured

_ or brownish; petals, (or rather. segments “persistent,)

ovate-oblong, rather narrow, spreading; filaments of the
stamina subulate, smooth, somewhat shorter than the pe-
tals; anthers pale, oblong; style subulate, distinctly trifid

at the summit; stigmata subulate, connivent, As the

inflorescence differs so materially from Michaux’s plant,
which he describes as producing “a pyramidal “reg

_ it may justly be doubted whether these remarks apply to

322,

it, or to a distinct species; at all events { am fully satis-
wpe Bs isa Phalan

gium.
ensive genus is principally confined to the Cape
there are, however, a few species in the

- south-of Europe, and 4 in Peru,

. NARTHECIUM. f.
Corolla inferior, petals 6, spreading, persis-
tent. Filaments filiform, hirsute. Capsule pris-

matic, 3-celled, many pecties, Seeds filiformly
, subulated at each extremity. Calia none.

~

ae HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 22h

oe ORNITHOGALUM. L. (Star of Bethle-
bs em.) ;
' Corolla of 6 petals, erect, persistent, above
the middle, spreading. Filaments dilated at
the base or subulate. Capsule superior, round-
ish, 3-celled. Seeds roundish, naked.

Roots bulbous; scapes few-flowered, subumbellate, co-
rymbose, or racemose.
k Species. 1. 0. umbellatum. Introduced; becoming a-
i troublesome and inextinguishable weed in moist meadows,
forming exclusive plats. In the vicinity of Philadelphia.

This extensive and polymorphous genus of near 50 spe-
cies is chiefly indigenous to the south Europe, to Barbary,
Siberia, and the Cape of Good Hope. ‘The bulbs of some
of the species, though not probably very palatable, have
been used for food in times of scarcity, and during the
: existence of barbarous society. The roots of Ornithoga-
lum pilosum? are still eaten by the Greeks of the Crimea,
according to Pallas. | ;

/* $94, LILIUM. Z. (Lily.) a.
| Corol’a 6-petalled, campanulate; petals most-_
, ly reflected, marked with a longitudinal necta-
riferous line. Stamina shorter than the style.
Stigma undivided. Capsule superior, valves
connected by cancellate hairs. Seeds flat.
Roots bulbous, bulbs squamose; scales soboliferous;
_stems simple, leafy, leaves alternate or verticillate; flow-
‘ers subumbellate or pjramidally racemose, mostly cer-
muous.. ee :
Species. 1. L. Catesbei. .2. pudicum. Px. A ya
Fritilluria, 3, pensylvanicum. Probably a hybrid of the —
gardens. as } have understood it to bear imperfect flow- _
ers. 4. * inthnum. i we in Fras. Catal. 1813. Leaves no

corolla campanulate, petals lanceolate, unguiculate, alters

Ns

yr

, = a ee. f
222 | ‘HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

3 inner ones, as is usual, channelled, with an involute
«Margin; germ and stigma very dark brown, longer than _ %
_ the stamina. Plowers commonly in 5’s. Flowering in
. Has. In moist situations, on the margins of small
eams and yallies, abundant, from Fort Mandan tothe =
ountains. 5. philadelphicum. 6. canadense. 7. carolie
nianum. Very nearly allied to ZL. superbum. Yhave only ~
seen it in the mountains of North Carolina, and with the
stem 1-flowered; by cultivation, 1 am well assured, that it

produces many wo 1 the stem ie proliferous stages,
- and is then apparently L. superbum. 8. superbum. go taege”
Of this beautiful g are 3 species in the south =

of Europe, one of which extends to Siberia, 2in the Le- —
vant, 1 in Kamschatka, 6 in Japan and 2 in China, of which
\e L. tigrinum is the most splendid of the genus, and h.
n, with others, cultivated by the Chinese from time —

memorial. It is now also introduced into the garden of

_ Mr. Landreth, near Philadelphia. .

$25. FRITILLARLA. L. (Checquered Lily.)

Corolia 6-petalled, campanulate with a necta-—
riferous cavity above the claws. Stamina the
length of the corolla. Capsule superior. Seeds

5 fla . : . it
Roots bulbous, bulbs solid, generally two, one upon
-_ the other; flowers teyminal, solitary, naked, or alternated
in a loose raceme, white or purplish, and sometimes
checquered. : » ;
Species. 1. F. lanceolata. Pursh. 2. *alba. Glau~ a
cescent; leaves somewhat remote, all altern:te, oblong- ;
linear, oblique and sessile, nearly flat and obtuse, under

ie 4 fon ote

*

HEXANDRIA, MONOGYNTA. 238
8, ERYTHRONIU 1UM. kL pce rset we
> Tet.
Corolla subcampanulate, petals
_ the 3 interior usually furnish
- denture on each side near the » and
tariferous pore. Capsule superior, roundish 0 or
elliptic, substipitate. Seeds ovate?
Root bulbous; leaves a single pair, sheathing, macu-
_ jate; scape 1-flowered, flower cernuous, yellow, rarely
_ white, or violaceous.
Spectes. 1. E. americanum. Ker, in Bot. Mag. 1113.

Hortus Kewensis, 1. p. 248. E. lanceolatum. Pursh, 1. p.
230. Leaves thickly covered with superficial punctures;

dentate near the base; style clavate, stigma entire, inter-
nally pubescent. Has. Throughout the. Atlantic states,
- on the lowest alluvial banks of streams. Ogs. Root 2
~ small tunicated, brown, ovate bulb. Leaves elliptic-Jan-
ceolate, with somewhat acuminated callous points, mar-
bled with green and brown (after the manner of the ge-

nus). Petals spotted near the base, reflected, inner ones
ovate-lanceolate with a longitudinal groove on the inner
side communicating at the base with a minute nectariferous
cist, on either side of these petals there is an auriculated
crisp tooth embracing the filaments, (nothing like a gland
or callosity at the base!) Style attenuated downwards,
clavate, 3-sided, tubular or perforated; stigma entire,
muirgin crenulate. Germ elliptic. Capsule substipitate.

Fine: ge &

les and territories into Sap Upner Louisiana,

a grandifiorum, Pursh. A species not patistactgrily de- =a
: » fined. -
3° albidum. Leaf impunctate; petals linear-lanceolate,

f the Missouri, where no other species
Wray of Augusta informed aot i

-

petals oblong-lanceolate, points obtuse, interior ones bi- i

ints obtuse, inner ones without dentures, :
te; style filiform ode ch sebteoine ‘stigma trifid, —
bes reflected, internally papillose. Has. Throughout

£24 HEXANDRIA, MONOGYNIA,

sent, having lanceolate-oblong petals, all without dentures?
but I have not now specimens whereby to define it.

Of this genus there is but a single species out of Ame-
rica indigenous to Siberia and the south of Europe.

$27, UVULARIA. L.

- Corolla inferior, 6-petalled, erect; claws of
the petals each furnished with a nectariferous
cavity. Filaments very short, growing to the
anthers. Stigmata reflected. Capsule 3-angled,

$-celled, S-valved; valves septiferous in the

middle. Seeds many, subglobose, arillate at
- Roots ramose and carneous; leaves sessile or amplexi-
wr caule; peduncles 1-flowered, axillary.

Species. 1..U, perfoliate. 2. flava. 3. grandiflora
4. sessilifolia. 5. puberula. .
_A North American genus with the exception of 2 spe-
cies in Japan. :

$28. STREPTOPUS. Michaux.

Corolla inferior, 6-petalled, subcampanulate.
Stigma very short. Berry subglobose, smooth,
S-celled. Seeds few, hilum naked.

Roots perennial, fibrous; leaves sessile or amplexicaule;

Rowers ailiery and terminal, pedicells 1 or 2-flowered.

Species. 1.8. distortus. 2. roseus. Ops. Stem dicho-
tomous; flowers axillary and terminal, solitary or by pairs,

pon the same pedicell and horizontally divaricate. 4

fanuginosus. Flowers by pairs terminal, upon a very short
pedicel, j.4:4 a

An American genus, with the exception of S. distortus,

which is also indigenous to the mountains of Europe.
329. CONVALLARIA. L. (Lily of the Valley.)
Corolla inferior, 6 cleft, campanulate. Sta-
- mina shorter than the corolla, inserted upon its
base. Berry globose, 3-celled; cells 1 to 2-

he

Pa

ee

--3-celled; cells 2-

HEXANDRIA, MONOGYNIA, 225

There are but 2 other species of this genus as Bt is now
_ constituted, indigenous to Japan.

$30. SMILACINA. Defontaines.

Corolla inferior, 6-parted, spreadii ng. Fila-
ments divergent, attached to the base of the la- _
cinie, Berry globose, 3-celled. er is

Flowers terminal, subumbellate, racemose "oe pe panicu-
late. Stems bifoliate or foliose. (Filaments and anthers
_* distinct.)
Species. 1.S. umbeliagi Flowers white, spotted with
wn. 2. borealis. Léaves radical. Roots fibrous, sto-
loniferous. Flowers greenish, nodding. Berries of both
these species azure blue, and opaque. The whole plant, —
_ 28 well as the preceding, sweetish and gramineous to the, _
taste. 3. canadensis. Flowers fous. Stem2,rarely
3-leaved. Berries red; punctate, pellucid.—Almost uni-
formly occurring under the shade of the Adies canadensis
or Spruce. A mere variety of S. bifolia? 4: trifolia. v. v.
Near Green-bay, Lake Michigan. Le stellata, * ».v. Abun-
dant on the banks of Lake Erie Nery ‘the Mis-

souri tothe Mandans. 6. ciliata. ->. 7. Pacemosa. Berries
scarlet, pellucid. aight
_ A North A | genus, with the ex on of S. bifo-
lia, also indi the shady forests

331. POLYGONATUM. Desfontaines ¢Solo- —
mon’s-Seal.)
Corolla inferior, |
inserted on the uPP &

-cleft, cylindric. Filaments
of etabe ahs 5

Steines pean
- tund; peduncles

» Spxcres. 1. e

(226 HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

\SPARAGUS. L.

olla inferior, 6-parted, erect; the 3 inte-_

rior segments reflected towards the points.
Style very short. Stigmata 3. Berry 3-celled,
many -seeded.
Leaves fasciculated, usually subulate or setaceous.
‘Stems branched, herbaceous or frutescent; flowers mostly
solitary and axillary; spatha 2-valved. In some species
the branchlets and fascicles of leaves are egch subtended
by a spine.

' SPECIES. 1A. officinalis. Searcely yet naturalized in

ei: 2. ee r i is ir igenous o th
~ "= Cape Red Hane. there we sled. few species in India
in the south of Europe.
tttt Flowers incomplete.
(333. ORONTIUM, ZL. (Golden Club.)
Spadix cylindrie, covered with florets. Corol-
la about 6-petalled, naked. Style and stigma
_ scarcely any. Uftriculus 1-seeded.

a, : tha li ] > * sell ; t flow hermaphro-
die the lowest with 6 Pomc the upper with Ses ad
entire, the lamina vertically coalescing with the peti

Species. 1. 0.aquaticum. From Canada to Carolina,

them; upper flower scales rally 4, with 4 stamens.
Filaments about the agin ot th
around the base of the anguls . Anthers 2-celled,
adnate to the filaments, at firs ‘
___ terminal scars or oblique cicatrices, at lengt rs
~ like short poliniferous cups, which are persistent ’

roundish, 1-

~~

¥ Seecres, 1. J. aeutus. 2. ¢

HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 227

—

mary radical conspicuous, conic. Somorhize ¢ roundish,

large, dark green, umbilically depressed at the summit,

having a small concealed internal cavity, and a lateral

shallow groove for the reception of the gemmula which

is apreceeey to it and curved over the greater part of the
somornhize

Of this genus there is a second species in Saban

534, ACORUS. L. (Calamus, Sweet-Flag.)
Spadix cylindric, covered with florets. Co-
rella 6-petalled, naked. Style none; stigma a
mere prominent point. Capsule $-celled, 3-
seeded?

Spadix coming out laterally upon the middle of the
leaf, which is produced beyond it in the form of a sword
blade. Leaves ensiform. Root aromatic. ~

Species, 1. A Calamus, Common and indigenous.
Stamina varying from 6, to 5 and 4, on the same
Flowers tessellately aggregated, greenish.

Common to Europe and North a ees 5 is also 2 2
second species in China. ey

Bea 3 (is
$35, JUNCUS. L. _ (Rush.) paatetts,
Calix inferior, 6-parted, is poreletaae
Corolla none. Stigmata 3. Capsule 1-celled, —
3-valyed. Seeds numerous.

Stem simple, gramineous, without nodes, and leafless,
er nodose with the leaves sheathing the nodes, flowers
terminal or lateral, eorymbose or SEX Re Pesechlets g
sheathed at the a :

4. filiformis. 5. bicornis,. 6. sctaceus,. pines Se :
nodosus. 9. polye a

In th case a ae nd, rminative
—- vac system to Seen bes
“the principal me ie seed

iy t
228 HEXANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. :
336. PEPLAS. ZL. (Water Purslane.)

ix campanulate; border 12-cleft, segments
alternately reflected. Petals 6, (or none,) in-
serted upon the calix. Capsule superior, 2-cell- !
ed, many-seeded, covered by the calix; disse-
Piment seminiferous.

“A creeping plant, with tea leaves, peculiar to
marshes and the margins of ponds; flowers small, axil-
__ lary, solitary and opposite; petals fugacious, often wanting;
: capeitle WEbraabe one. P. indica appears to be a spe- ,
cies of Amannia; and P. portula of Europe the only ge-
Duine species of this genus ought also to be compared
With Amannia, Sui which it is scarcely distinct. {
Speeres. 1. i oe: 1. p. 238. Probably
the plant which I have published in the Journal of the
Academy of Natural Sciences of, Philadelphia. Vol. 1. No.
6. p. 117. t. 6. f. 1. under the name of , Crypta minima, but
this being a matter of uncertainty, I have inserted the
~ genus for future examination. I must, however, here re-
mark, in addition to that publication, the affinity which
evidently exists between Crypta and the genus Elatize.
The seeds of E. Alsinastrum, as well as the disposition of
the capsule, are abviously similar, and the former equally
discrepant, ppereats with the character of the Caxyo-
_ PHYLLEAS; the essential differences of these 2 genera con-
_ sist in the number and disposition of the parts.of fructic
_ fication, and the absence or presence of styles; in Crypta
_ the petals and stamina are equal in number; in E/atine the
stamina are double the number of the petals, but the sta-
mina themselyes appear similar, in this genus there are
‘ also 3 or 4 cloven styles sufficiently visible, in Crypta 2 or
3 minute and microscopic points in place of styles an@
stigmas. Tothese distinctions we may add the deficiency j
of number in Crypta which would not, however, other- ;
wise have proved any thing essential. The difference of
habit between these 2 genera is also considerable.

337. FLQERKEA. Willdenow. | ae
_ Calix 8-leaved. Corolla of 3 petals, shorter
n the calix: Style bifid. Pericarp none. |
Seeds 2 or 3, membranaceously coated, superior.
_Asomewhat succulent plant, growing in alluvial marshes,
but not aquatic. yr agent decumbent; leaves alter-
nate, and pinnatifid, marcescent; peduncles solitary,

*

— HEXANDRIA, DIGYNIA. = 229

axillary, deflected and incrassated during the maturing
of the fruit.—Calix persistent, conspicuous, petals and
stamina minute; fruit di or tricoccus, naked. .Corculum
- erect, flat; cotyledones convex, peltate; radical inferior.
Perisperm none.
Srecres. 1. F. palustris. (F. proserpinacoides, Willd.)
Oss. Stem terete. Leaves somewhat succulent, alter-
~ nate, pseudopinnate; segments mostly 5, narrow, oblong-
lanceolate, simple, ultimate divisions confluent at the
base, lateral ones 2 or 3-lobed, somewhat obtuse, di or
trichotomously and numerously nerved, (when held to the
light;) petiole long, semicylindric, channelled. Peduncles
axillary, at first short, but gradually elongated nearly to
2 inches. Calix 3-parted, segments ovate, ‘acute, thickish
and green. Petals 3, white, alternating with the calix,
and much smaller, oblong, somewhat obtuse, and persis-
tent, pubescent at the base (seen through a lens), insert- - EI
ed upon the calix. Stamina 6, minute, irre dis-
posed, arising from the base of the calix; fi races, ae
ry, alternately articulated upon 3 glands. near thei 7
anthers roundish. Style 1, inserted between the fruit, and
unconnected with itin ¢very direction, apex bifid, stigmas —
2, small, roundish. Fruit withinthe persistent ca ‘con-
if sisting of 2, 7 J and rarely 3 Os roundish, naked, but membra- a.

haceow coated seeds; integument papillosely rugose. —
com The seed Sepeath tefl Bepillelte 2ellip-
~ convex, fleshy lobes, a littte acrid tothe tasteybutthe —
r disposition of the embryon, immersed, and includ- %
=u near the base of the‘lobes, in a small cavity, so as to
render the cotyledones very excentrically De se are cir-
cumstances which lead me to doubt the validity of these
apparent seed-lobes, apd { must recommend to further
examination. x
Hag. In Pennssi¥aniay (9 (on the banks of the
i near Phil ee:
a is not pt ogee sae the natul : 4
a genus, the present, it can ot be
some order without any distinct relation; as i % may E
be_referred to the end of the PorTULAcsa, With Nectris
it appears to have no : sa whatever.

“ Oxver U.—DIGYNIA.

338, NECTRIS. Willd. —

Calia 5 inferior, the si 1 ier
“ments nae — and e.

ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee Po ee ee Ne pee ee 7

). ss HEXANDRIA. TRIGYNIA, .

ast.

none. Capsule (utriculus?) subcarnose, i-ceiled,
‘4 to 2-seeded, crowned by the persistent style.
An aquatic plant; leaves without sheathing petioles;
_ those of the stem demersed, opposite, digitate, complicate-
ly and trichotomously divided, segments linear; floral
leaves floating, alternate, orbicular, peltate, entire; flow-
ers solitary, axillary. . ‘aaa
Srecizs. 1. N. aquatica. The only species of the genus,
us to the warmer parts of the U-S. and tropical
America. The WV. pinnata of Mr. Pursh is-probably a va-
_ ety, but certainly a very different plant from Floerkea.
i a i x Ne i — *

%

2 Tale

ars pro Je -
per TII.—TRIGYNIA.

339. SABAL. Adanson. (Small Fan-palm.)

- Flowers hermaphrodite.—Spathes partial.
Filaments of the stamina unconnected, thickish
at the base. Drupe spherical, dry and cartila-
_ ginous, i-seeded. Seed indurated. Embryon
lateral. Ps |

Stemless,or with a caudex sometimes a little elongated;
rond palmate, fanshaped, stipe unarmed; flowers pani-
ed (or the spadixf branched.)

c1Es. 1, 8. .Adansoni. In troublesome abundance

und New Orleans; but less frequent than other species

in Georgia and Carolina—The frut is about the size and |

: of black pepper, and almost of a horny consistence.

_ The strips of the leaves are handwove or platted into va-
rious utensils by the indigenes. There can be no reason
to suppose that the fronds of this species cun be less ser-
viceable for platting into hats than those of Chumerops

_ palmetto, avery durable manutacture, and justly esteemed
an London

2. Histrix. Pursh, Flor. Am. 1. p. 240. under €hamerops-
. The fronds undistinguishable from those of the preceding
- species by any other character than the appearance of

long axillary spines: the inflorescence has not yet-heen
compared; its rare occurrence amidst so much of 8. Adan-

_ _ ¢ There is, however, nothing similar to the spadix of the
Azo1Des either in this or the following genus; a sophistical
~ circumstance with which-many'of my readers will doubtless be

r

HEXANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. 231

_ soni, leads to a suspieion of its validity as a distinct spe-
cies, v. v. In the vicinity of Savannah pointed out to me
by the kindness of Dr. Baldwyn.—The only species of the
genus. ;

840. CHAMAZROPS. ZL. (Fan-palm, Palmetto.)

S41. NOLINEA, Michaux. 4

oy

342. CALOCHORTUS. Pursh. Se ee
Corolla 6-parted, spreading, the S inten reee =a

Polygamous.—Spathe compressed, Spadix
branched. Calia: 3-parted. Corolla of 3 petals.
Filaments of the stamina partly united. Drupe
3-ceiled, by abortion 1-seeded. Masculine flow-
ers on a distinct plant.

Caudex arborescent or inconspicuous; fronds palmate,
flabellifurm; stipes spiny or naked, (Germ 3-celled, cells 1-
seeded, 2 of the séedg abortive. Mics.) Drupé solitary
in the American species; probabl nope ongeners with C.
huinilis. ee < are a nal es

Srecres. 1. C. Palmetto. Cabbage-palm. 2. serrulata.
The central part of the caudex is more “ioe than that
of the preceding.—Dr Baldwyn. Margin of the stipe ser-
vated with short spines; drupe solitary oblong, nearly

_ twice the size of that of Sabal Adansoni, which it resem-
bles in every other respect, as

Of this genus there is 1 species common to Spain and :

‘Barbary, and another to Japan.

Ba
‘

Corolla 6-parted, spreading; segments sub-
equal, Style very short; stigmas recurved,
Capsule 8-sided, membranaceous, 3-celled, open-
ing by the bipartile dissepiment; cells 1-seeded.
Seeds incurved, convex, 1 or 2 of them abor-
tive. ; P Ret

Root bulbous; leaves surrounding the base of the scape,
coriaceous and gramineous; flowers paniculate, small.

Species. 1. N- georgiana. Allied to Helonias. The 4

only species of the genus. Abundant towards Augusta,
in Georgia. v. v: * =e
a

ments larger with the upper side woolly,
marked near the base with a roundish si

oT SANDE A. TRIGYNI
spot. Filaments very short, inse

vted upon the
gittate, erect.

1. C. elegans, Purch, Flo:
orthern Andes or Rocky

te,

Root (in the American species) truncate and horizontal —
or rarely bulbous; leaves gramineous, flaccid; scape often
tall, and py ramidally paniculate; petals conspicuously ungu- _
_- iculate, Calicine, progessively changing colour, bimaculate. —
a _ Species, 1. M. virginicum. 2. monoicum. 3. hybridum, —
Nearly allied to Veratrum. Leaves elliptic-oblong, some-—
what plaited. Upper part of the panicle feminine in an
- elongated raceme; petals unguiculated, but without the =

char: ic glandular spots, interior ones roundish ovate,
acute in the male, obtuse, and a little undulated in the

~ female, both nearly smooth. Styles uncinate, alittle short-
_ er than the germ. Capsule large, appearing like 3 uni-— 7
ted by the inner margins, cells 3, 5, and probably some- |
|

times 6 seeded, seeds imbricated, flat, subelliptic, with a

double alated margin, about the size of the seeds of some
"species of Pinus, v. v. In the mountains of North Caro-
‘lina. 4 *elaucum. Root a tunicated bulb; leaves glau-
€ous, gramineous, marginaied; raceme mostly simple,
_few-tlowered; flowers hermaphrodite, petals roundish, un-
uiculate, bimaculate; seeds subulately alated. Has. On
he gravelly banks of the St. Laurence in calcareous soil;
round the Cataract of Niagara, on the borders of Lakes
Erie, Huron and Michigan and up the Missouri to Fort
Mandan. It appears to be considerably allied to ntheri-
eum in habit; scarcely a foot high; leaves almost similar
to M. virginicum; flowers whitish, raceme’ sometimes a
ome divided at the base. Flowering in July and Au-

ierta del Fuego, VW. gramineum
ry, cannot certainly belong to

344,

4 Corolla 6-parted, spreading; segments sub-
equal, above the base narrower and biglandu-

lous. Stamina inserted in contact with the germ rerm.

Styles 3, partly united at the base. Capsule in-
. cluded in the persistent corolla, sub-ovate, acute,
S-celled, cells many seeded, Seeds linear-ob-

Nearly allied to .Melanthium with
agrecs in habit, but the fle are all

345. VERATRUM. ZL. (Green and White Hel.
ees... lebore.) : Bes at e
‘ Polygamous,—Corolla 6-parted, spreading, ;

‘ segments sessile and without glands, Stamina — ?
ay inserted upon the receptacle. Capsules 3 united,

4. Many seeded, :
hess eg Root fibrous or branching; leaves ovate or elliptic, plait-—
ed, and numerously nerved, rarely (asin V. angustifolium)
gramineous; flowers pyramidally paniculate, greenish.
Specizs. 1. V. viride. In the vicinity of Phil delp
on the banks of the Schuylkill, but not cemmon; %
nearly 6 feet high. Peduncles and branches: of the pani- |
cle pubescent, upper part of the branchlets filiform w
masculine flowers, the lower part frnctiferous. 2. par-
viflerum. 3. angustifolium Pursh, 1. 42, Raceme com-
pound, lateral brancblets filiform mas€uline, upper part sims
_ ple, hermaphrodite; petals sessile, linear-lanceolate, acu-
minate; leaves flattish gramineous, rather obtuse. w, v.
uncommon in the grassy prairies of Ohio, Tennessee
~ Louisiana. 2 to 3 feet high, root bulbous? leaves linear,
semiamplexicaule, rather arid, ‘striated, 6 to 10 |
long; raceme long, with a few short filiform male b
._ = Jets on the lower part; male flowers nearly sess
_ . maphrodite Mica 0 Ce subulate, nearly th

oa,

236 , “MEXANDRIA. TRIGYNIA.

- ; 3 of the pedi Selle; petals greenish white; subulately acumi-
pared. Stamina very short in the male, in the herma-

phrodite as long as the germ; styles distinct, 3, reflected.
4, luteum. Helonias hilean Bot. Pi 1062, but much more
~~ a Veratrum than an Helonias, as might be supposed by its
being divicous; and if the paucity of seeds is to be consi-
dered of importance in Helonias, this species with a cap-

sule of many seeds may very well be restored to the ge-
«tus with which Linneus more properly associated it. The
root is so far from being bulbous, that almost every one

in the United States knows it by the improper name of

_ Devil’s-bit,” originally apie to a species of Scabiosa;
the root is truly premorse and very bitter, as is usual

with thi .
Of t there are two other species, indigenous to

346. HE JONIAS. L.

"Corolla 6-parted, spreading; segments sessile

_ and withort glands, Styles 3, distinct. Capsule

Seg oe S-horned, cells few-seeded, (seeds 1
or 2, : :

,_. Nearly allied to the preceding genus, but having the
. flowers all hermaphrodite; roots mostly fasciculated, some-
~ times solitary; leaves narrow, often gramincous and arid,
‘surrounding the base of the stem; raceme simple.

_ Species. 1-H. latifolia, no where so common as the
following. 2. erythrosperma. Bractes short and obtuse;
_ eapsule short and turgid, lobes divaricate; leaves cari-
cine. 3: angustifolia, Leaves caricine, very long; seape ob-
tusely angular, naked; bractes lanceolate, acute; zerm
acutely conic; styles comiguous. 4. dubia. 5. pumila, These
two last species doubtful, as Helonias. j

A North American genus.

347. XEROPHYLLUM. Mich.

Corolla subrotate. Filaments of the stamina

_. contiguous at the base. Stigmas 5, revolute,

partly united below. Capsule subglobose, open-
Ing at the summit by 3 chinks, 5-celled, cells 2-

— mest pany bulbous, leaves arid and tenaceous, scons, very
pee? narrow 5 : numerous, surroundin R ase 0! the: i
i ey _ Facemg simple, ae & the b Sad

4

*
«= 2 s

HEXANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. | 935

Spectres. 1. X. asphodeloides. Has. In New Jersey, and
also very abundant on the summit of the Catawba ridge,
North Carolina. The dilation of the filaments towards the
base, the disposition of the styles, or rather stigmas, and
the opening of the capsule by 3 external sutures in the —
centre of each cell,in place of the internal margins of the
cells or capsules, are characters of much more importance _

: than those which separate Helonias and Veratrum. 2. tenaz.

- Pursh, 1. p. 243.—In the Northern Andes or Rocky Moun-

i. tains. 3. gramineum, (Helonias graminea, Bot. Mag. 1599.) _
: = North American genus, somewhat allied to Asphode- _
$48. TOFIELDIA. Hudson. oe

Calix trifid. Petals 6. Capsules 3, superior, —
united at the base, many-seeded. Seeds naked, —

Cangularly grooved?) Styles vertical, very short.

Roots aggregate, partly horizontal; - irideous;
spike short Pe ye dense; pedicells solits
teate at the base. “te es
Species. 1. T. * glabra, leaves equitan
terete, smooth; spike short, dense, and o
acute, very small; peduncles solitary, angular, tthe |
length of the flowers; petals oblong-ovate, subacute; styles
none; capsules distinct, membranaceous, equal in length
with the corolla.—Habs. In swamps near Wilmington, N.
Carolina. Oss. Much more robust than T. palustris, and
_ the scape not so far exceeding the leaves. Roots fascicu-
lated horizontal; leaves linear, ensiform; scape 8 or 10
inches high, solid, rather thick than slender, nearly naked,
or with a single leaf; spike 10 to 15 lines long; flowers
crowded, numerous, (30 or more); bractes extremely mi-

nute; rachis excavated opposite theipediog ion Sana 3-

toothed. Petals greenish white, like those of Hei
their form and disposition. Filaments of the stamina
with the petals and germ, subulate, flat, and cons ly
dilated; anthers oblong, cleft at the base. Styles none;
stigmas flat and circular, sessile. Capsules 3, distinct to
the base, whitish, membranaceous, somewhat gibbously —
F cymbiform, internal margins closed and bordered, points
P entire; 6 to 8 seeded. Seeds linear-oblong, a little curved,
small and evachentew, marked with 5 or 6 longitu-
-dinal and angular ridges. ig Rae
§ in * Prranrua-t Capsule coriaceous, subglobose,
trilocular, valves, 3, bifid at the apex. Styles contiguous,

= From the fowers being aggregated upon the ae

236 _ HEXANDRIA. TRIGYNIA.

persistent, spreading. Anthers compressed. Seeds very
numerous, terete, caudate. (Nearly allied to Marthecium.)

Roots horizontal, aggregate; leaves ensiform gramine-
ous, arid; scapes naked, often pubescent and scabrous;
spike lobed, flowers mostly aggregated by 3s.

2. pusilla. 3. pubescens. v, v. in Sussex county, Dela-
ware. Ons. Petals greenish-white, linear-obovate, obtuse;
scape scabrous and pulverulently pubescent; flowers ag-
gregated in 3s, subtended by as many minute bractes;

- anthers roundish-cordate, flat, grayish-purple; capsule
*. -brown and indurated, margin of the valves inflected, se-
: miniferous above, summits bifid. Seed caudate. 4. giuti-
mesa. v. v- Abundant around Detroit, Michigan territory.
Nearly allied to the preceding; but the petals are oblong-

eqs ene Tofieldia, besides the above, there is 1
species in Europe and another in the Andes of Peru.— The
section here denominated Vriantha is unquestionably a
genus distinct from the European Tofieldia, as well as from
the plant of Carolina, 7. glabra; it approaches to’ Warthe-
cium by the seed, but the flowers are caliculate, and the
filaments of the stamina smooth.

349. SCHEUCHZERIA. L.

Calia 6-parted, Corolla none. Anthers linear.
__ Stigmas sessile, lateral. Capsules inflated, dis-
tinct, mostly 2-seeded. Seeds smooth, cylindric-
ovate, with a longitudinal carinate suture,

(black. :

A plant indigenous to sphagnose morasses, with some-
what horizontal roots, or a Jateral mode of growth; leaves
distichally sheathing, those of the infertile shoots very

and attenuated, convex and carinate; on fertile stems,
short; sheaths distinct; flowering stem flexnose, frondose,

- © Mumerously jointed; peduncles distant, solitary, sheathed;

_- flowers greenish and inconspicuous.

Spectres. 1. S. palustris. v. v. In sphagnose cranberry
_© sWamps, New Jersey, near Philadelphia, plentiful, but £
have not seen it in any other part of America. Ons. Leaves

_ of the infertile shoots near 18 inches long, very narrow
_ und linear. Roots loaded with persistent vestigia; raceme. .

5 to 7-flowered, lowest peduncles longest and subtended
by sheathing leaves, which diminish upwards into short
bractes. Capsules 3, oval, inflated, with compressed mar-
gins. Seeds almost uniformly 2 in each. , as large
as those of Garden Balsam iens chinensis) black and

ams
P
ces

HEXANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. _ 237

shining, integument coriaceous; episperm white and mém-
branaceous. Nucleus greenish, consisting of an ovate cy-
lindric and homogenous somarhize, marked at its inferi-
or extremity (or contiguous to the umbilicus) with an al-
Most imperceptibly minute gemmule, in the form of a
diaphanous point.

‘The only species of the genus, common to morasses in
the north of Europe. From the singularly isolated occur-
rence of this plant in the milder states of America, Iam
inclined to believe it on the decrease in such situations. —
Jn the turf morasses, or moors as they are called, in the
northern parts of Yorkshire, (Craven) in England, I have
commonly seen the singular vestiges of this plant inlayed
through spongy or more recent turf, obtained where none

©

of the plant exists at the present day.

$50. TRIGLOCHIN. L. (Arrow-grass.) _ Py
Calia double, each 3-leaved, the interior more —
petaloid. Corolla none. mina 3 or6. Styles
none; stigmas 3 or 6, pubescent. Capsules 8 or
6, united above to a receptacular axis, separat-
ing at the base, each one-seeded, not spontane- —
ously opening. ad ied SS Oe
Marsh plants with fibrous roots and grassy sheathing
leaves; scape naked, flowers spiked, numerous, inconspi-
cuous; anthers sessile, disposed in 2 series of 3 each (at
least in T. maritimum); stigmas 3 to 6. 5
Species. 1, T. * clatum. Persistent styles and capsules
6; fruit angular; capsules linear, depressed, with _
acute margins; scape much longer than the ieaves. fie <

maturing different t

Ce er ctiesles obtuse at the base, acutely compresse

on the margins, and dorsally channelled, united above to

a common persistent axis (similar to that which exists in

- umbelliferous plants), constantly 1-seeded, not spontane:
ously opening, though furnished with a distinet internal —
inated suture. 2. maritimum. 3. palustre. Flowers tri- —

- androus, capsules linear. 4. triandrum. Fruit 1

In South Carolina -

238 WEXANDRIA. TRIGYNIA.

~ - Nos. 2 and 3 are indigenous to Europe as well as Ame-
fica; there is also 1 species at the Cape of Good Hope,
~ and 2 of doubtful genus in Peru.

$51. *GYROMIA.} Mepzoua. L. (Indian Cu-
cumber.) :

Corolla 6-parted, revolute. Calia none, Fila-
ments and anthers distinct. Styles none; stigmas —
8, filiform and divaricate, united at the base,
Berry 3-celled, cells 5 or 6-seeded, Seeds come
pressed, 3-sided.

_ Root an oblong fleshy tuber; stem simple, erect; leaves _
_-yerticillated; flowers terminal aggregate.
- Spectss. 1. G. virginica. Called “ Indian Cucumber”
from a far fetched idea of resemblance either in the form
or flavour of the root. Germ and berry always many-sced-
ed, the latter dark purple when ripe; stigmas long, fili-.
form, horizontally divaricated, almost imperceptibly glan-
dular, and grooved on the upper side. Stem with a single
sheath near the base, deciduously lanuginous. Leaves vel-
_ ticillated in the middle of the stem, 6to 9, elliptic-lanceo-
*, acuminate; at the summit of the stem in 3s, veTy
__- rarely and then unequally in 4s, oval-lanceolate. Flowers
eit ed from 3 to 6. — gai
_. B.* pictas Floral leaves in 5s or 6s, oval acute, crim-
_ son-red near the base; flowers numerous, 9 to 12; berries —
tuberous, many-seeded, (12 to 15.)—Has. On the shady
_ banks of Laurel creek, near Morgantown, North Carolina.
_ have given it merely as a variety, not being’ in poss¢s-
__ sion of satisfactory specimens, seeing it merely in fruit.
i A North Ameriean genus, confining Medesla to the
African species which are said to have a berry of 3 seeds-
The present genus, with a berry of 3 cells and many
seeds, approaches consequently to Trillium and Paris.

to the same genus as Jf. virginica, without, however, pointing — 2

HEXANDRIA, TRIGYNIA. — 239°

$52. TRILLUM. L. (American Herb Paris.) _
Calix 3-leaved, spreading. Corolla of 3 petals. —
Filaments and terminal anthers adnate, opening —
on the inner side. Styles none. Stigmas 3, dis-
a tinct, or approximate. Berry 3-celled, cells ma-
i ny-seeded, | OL

Roots premorsely tuberous, horizontal; scape low, 3- ~
leaved, leaves verticillate, subtending a solitary peduncle,
(or sessile flower in 7". sessile;) petals white, or dark pur-
Ple. Germ in one species styliferous; style 1.

Found generally in umbrageous forests attached to recent
vegetable soil.

Species. 1. T. sessile. Flower sessile. Almost the only
species in lower Louisiana. 2. petiolatwm. Pu. Near the
sources of the Columbia. 3. ¢rythrocarpum. (T°. pictiem, Pa.
1. p. 244.) Petals undulated and recurved, having a crim-
son spot at the base of each. Has. Subalpine, pretty con-
stantly associated with evergreens, such as Kalmia latifo-
ka, Rhododendron maximum, or Abies canadensis, and grow-
ing in their shade. 4. evatum. Northern Andes. 8. cgi

ee ees

_ Petals nearly equal with the calix, leaves obtuse. 6, cer-
_nunum. Peduncle recurved, petals lanceolate, acuminated, _
leaves dilated. 7. erectum. Peduncle inclined; flower nu- —
tant; petals ovate acuminate, white or deep purple; leaves
dilated. 8. obovatum. Pu. Peduncle erect, petals obovate,
scarcely longer or broader than the calix; leaves ——
rhombic-ovate acuminate. 9. pendulum. Peduncle inclined,
Hower pendulous, petals flat, ovate, shortly acuminate,
| nearly equal with the calix, which is ovate-acuminate; :
a leaves roundish-rhomboidal, acuminate, subsessile. 10.
is xrandifiorum. Petals large and very obtuse, much exceed- is
ing the calix, generally white, but varying with rosace
flowers, and with the germ green or dark purple. Both = __
this and the preceding are closely allied to 7. erectum. =
11. * stylogum. Plant small and slender; pe much
shorter than the flower, recurved; petals undulated, |
spreading, larger than the calix, oblong, obtuse; germ
styliferous, style 1, as long as the stigmas; leaves subpetio-
late, elliptic-lanceolate, acute at bot extremities. Ti cere
nuum, Mich. Flor. Am. 1. p. 216. Has. In the mountains
of upper Carolina and Georgia. Ons. Scape attenuated =
upwards, becoming almost filiform, 8 or 10 inches high. _ 3
Leaves about an Peduncle — : £9

ee

‘ 3 ~
240 HEXANDRIA. TETRAGYNIA..

ey

spreading, pale rose colour, undulated, obtuse, a little

distinct solitary style, as inno other species of the
nus, and 3 smoothish stigmas somewhat shorter than
the style. a.
fg A North American genus, with the exception of 7’. ob0-
oe vatum, which grows also in Kamtschatka according to
: Pallas.

853. RUMEX. L. (Dock.)
Calix 6-parted, persistent, the 3 interior di-
_ visions petaloid, connivent. Seed 1, 3-sided, su-

perior, naked. Stigmata multifid.’

Flowers paniculate, terminal or axillary, mostly fascicu-
- Jated; in many species the petaloid segments are exter-
nally glanduliferous. Some of the species are monoicous
or dioicous. ec

Srecies. 1. R. sanguineus. 2. crispus. $. verticillatus.
: A, britannicus. 5. persicarioides. 6. crispatulus. 7. obtust~
* folius. 8 aquaticus. 9. digynus, (Sorrel). 10. Acetosella
_ + (Sheep’s sorrel). Introduced; abundantly naturalized.
11. venosus. Pa. Flowers Hermaphrodite, valves very
large, reniform-cordate, entire and without glands, red;
leaves suboval-lanceolate, small. Has. Near the conflu-
ence of the river Platte, on the sandy banks of the Mis-
* souri. Flowering in April. Stem scarcely a foot high-
Flowers pendulous and fasciculated, valves about 5 lines
wide. It differs sufficiently from 2. vesicarius by having

the petaloid valves only large; it is also perennial.

: — nearly twice the breadth of the calix. Germ
? i it a

This extensive genus of more than 40 species is almost _

equally divided betwixt Europe and the temperate parts
of Africa (Barbary, Egypt and the Cape of Good Hopes)

Ei

Orver IV-—TETRAGYNIA.

354, SAURURUS. L. (Lizard’s-tail.)

Ses eG

Corolla none. Filaments and anthers

vate. Capsules 4, each 1 or rarely 2-seeded,

in an ament, or crowded spikes scales .

Oe ee aE ae ee re eee ae

}

HEXANDRIA. POLYGYNIA: 241

Orver V.—HEXAGYNIA.

855. WENDLANDIA. Willdenow.
Calix 6-leaved. Corolla of 6 succulent? petals,

Styles reclined. Germs 6. Berries each 1-seed-

ed. Seed a compressed nut.

A climbing dioicous shrub; leaves alternates racemes
superaxillary. Scarcely distinct from Menispermum, with
which it ought again to be compared.

Species. 1. W. caroliniana. (Menispermum corolinia-
num of Walter and Michaux, Fl. Am. 2. p. 242.)

a

Orper VI.—POLYGYNIA.
356. ALISMA. ZL. (Water-plantain.)

Calix 3-leaved. Petals 3. Onna many 1-

seeded, not opening.

olate leaves; panicle simple or compound,
branchlets ternately verticillated. (In 4. natuns, the lew
are elliptic, the peduncles 1-flowered opposite the
and the fruit striated.) Nearly allied to, and
tinct from Sagittaria.
Spretes. 1. A. Plantayo. 2. natans, pus 155
also indigenous to Europe. There are of this s fenus also
3 other species in Europe, 2 in tropical America, and 1 ia.
Guinea. Mr. Pursh’s J. trivialis and 2. parviflora appear
to be only varieties of 2. Plantago. nee nmr see

. Sagittarja.

Aguatie plants with cordate, sagittate, ovate, or are |
branches ‘and —

2

.

Crass VIL—HEPTANDRIA.

tm

Grver I.—MONOGYNIA.

$57. TRIENTALIS. LZ. Tournf. (Chickweed
Wintergreen.)

Calix 7-leaved. Coralla 7-parted, equal, flat.
1-celled, juiceless. Seeds many. (Stamina
5, 6, 7 and 8.)
_ Flower varying in the number of its parts. Stem simple,
low; leaves collected at the summit of the stem; pedun-
cles terminal, aggregated, 1-flowered. ,
Species. 1.7. europea, g. americana. Leaves lanceo-
late, acuminate. Ons. The leaves of the American plant,
on comparison, are longer, the flowers more frequently
with 8 stamens than less, it copsequently ap-
proaches to me ae Chiora. ra
A genus of a single species, indigenous to Europe
North America. ‘
$58. AESCULUS. L. (Horse-ehesnat. Buck-
OFBe) 6 <> ,

Calix 1-leaved, ventricose. Corolla of 4 or 5
unequal pubescent petals inserted upon the ca-
lix. Capsule 3-celled. Seeds large, resembling
chesnuts, .

Trees or rarely shrubs with digitate leaves; flowers
racemose and terminal, articulated upon the rachis.

Srecias. 1.4. Pavia. Indigenous also to Brazil. 2.

discolor, Pu. 3. flava. 4. glabra. 5. pallida. 6. macrosta-

__ chya. The smallest and most ornamental of the American

A North American genus with the exception of . Hip-

.

Cxuass VIIT.—OCTANDRIA.

OrpEer I.—MONOGYNIA.
+ Germ inferior.

359. RAIEXIA. L
Calix cicaddatn; 4 to 5-cleft. Petals 4, ea
inserted upon the calix. Anthers declinate. Cap-
Sule setigerous, 4-celled, included in the ventri-
cose calix. Receptacles subulate. Seeds nume-
rous, (Stamina sometimes 10.) _

_ Annual or perennial, rarely sufiruticose; stems mosily
quadrangular; leaves ay. ened , pn puce A nerved,
opposite; flowers by 3s, often
trichotomously compounded and aah en glo-
et eae rarely, if ever, axillary, by defection sometimes

rarely a
very long and curved, at first deflected and equally ar-
ranged round the tube of the calix, 1-celled, adnate to
the filaments, emitting the pollen by a single clandes-
_ tine pore, situated at the junction with the filament, the

ae by a single seta. Seeds subreniform and
an

Pectes. 1. R. mariana. Stem subterete, hirsute. - hos
2. sa gees Stem with alated ain en Sgt

ciliosa, Stem subquadrangular, small, sub-

petiolate, oval-acute, beneath ay eumantond Oo
™argin conspicuously ciliated; flowers

sessile, involucrate, anthers short; calix acute, tating
bene , smooth. Pursh, FI. Am. 1. t. 10. =

imperfect keds Ee Cans 4.
1 tenvuldse: temqundnetgu lar, smooth; leaves small,

very large, growing by 3s; calix glandularl Sireube. hore
an ded aes. Has. In the Bp sof

Georgia and Porida, communicate ome by De Baldy»

—- it as a dwarf variety of the

O€TANDRIA. MONOGYNTA,,

which it is nearly allied, but cannot possibly be the sate
species, being by the calix much more nearly related to #.
glabeila, but the leaves, habit, and angular stem, separate
it from that species; in J2. ciliosa the border of the Calix is
iwvemarkably large, the segments expanding nearly to tl-¢
length of the ventricose base, and not coalescing into a
tube as is usual in this genus. Ops. About 6 to 10 inches
high; leaves nearly as broad as long, about 5 lines; regu-
jarly and mucronulately serrulate, the radical leaves nearly
round, and with the margins more entire; flower purple,
as large as that of R. glabdella, solitary aud terminal, o¢
simply in 3s; never subcorymbose. |

* §. glabella. The ee and most ornamental of the
species i s to the United States. Stem nearly cy-

: s
__ lindric, and very smooth, as well as the whole plant, with
- the exception of the calix; leaves lanceolate, sessile, and

entire; calix glandularly hirsute, bordef minute, flowers
subcorymbose. Hoot tuberous, perpendicular, and very
large, with a spongy bark, stems 2 to 3 feet high, and con-
siderably branched. 6. stricta, Pu. Apparently a variety
of #2. glabella.

7. lutea. Every where glandularly pilose, but particular:
ly the stem, which is obtusely quadrangular; lower leaves
ablong-obtuse, the upper much smaller and acute; calix fun-
nelform, with a conspicuous and acute border; petals yel-

low, rather small, as well as the stamina, which are erect.

OBs. Hoot perennial, fibrous. Stem about 12 inches, quad-
rangular, branchlets approximating towards the summit of

_ the stem, 1 and rarely 3-flowered, petals oval and obtuse;

rs about the size of (2nethera sinuata
‘8. linearifotia. Stem cylindric pubescent, leaves alternate,

linear-oblong, obtuse, sessile, every where pubescent; flow- ©

ers solitary.—Lamark, Encycl. 6. p. 2.. In Carolina. Bose-
Flowers yellow. A variety of the preceding?

9. * angustifolia. Stem subterete, hirsute, leaves linear-
lanceolate, somewhat oblong, hirsute, axills foliose; flowers

_ cymese, cyme bifid; calix cylindric, short, and very smooth.

Stamina declinate. #. lanceolata, Walter. Ft. mariana, ¥-
evalbida, Mich. Flor. Am. 1.p.221. Has. Around Savan-

_ nah, in Georgia, also in Carolina. Ops. Stem one anda balf

to two feet high, leaves numerous and, narrow, scarcely

S-nerved, subpetiolate; flowers constantly disposed in 4
naked, bifid cyme, never in a trichotomous panicle as in

R. mariana; calix very smooth; in R. mariana twice as long ©

and bairy; flowers smaller, nearly white. :
This genus ot about 30 species, excepting the above, is

exclusively indigenous to the tropical parts of America-

'

OCTANDRIA. MONOGYNTIA, 245

560. (HNOTHERA. L. (Tree-primrose.)

Calix tubulous; 4-cleft, segments deflected,
deciduous, Petals 4, inserted upon the calix.
Stigma 4-cleft. Capsule 4-celled, 4-valved, in-
ferior. Seeds naked, affixed to a central 4-sided
receptacle.

Herbaceous, biennial, annual and perennial; leaves al-
ternate; flowers solitary, axillary, at length elongated into
a spike, generally yellow, rarely white or violaceous, ex-
panding about sun-set. (Leaves in most of the species,
when sufficiently diaphanous, linearly punctate.)

§ 1. Fruit elongated, sessile.

Species. 1. &. biennis. (Tree-Primrose.) v. v. On the
hanks of the Missouri up to Fort Mandan; the flowers are,
however, smaller than usual, and the leaves somewhat
glaucous. 2. mwricata. 3. parviflora. 4. grandiflora. 5. si-
uata, 8. minima, Px. A mere variety of this species, and
hot uncommon in New-Jersey. —

6. * kumifusa. Stem prostrate, branching, villous; leaves
Hnear-lanceolate, subdentate or entire, silky villous as well
as the calix; flowers axillary; tube of the calix alittle longer
than the germ; petals obcordate about the length of the
anthers; capsule prismatic. Has. Near Cumberland isl-
and, Florida, on the sea-coast.—Dr. Baldwyn. Resembles
. sinvata somewhat in general habit; but is soft and
silky, not hairy as that species; the flowers also seem to
have been white; the leaves are an inch long and scarcely
two lines wide, irregularly and remotely toothed, lower
leaves apparently always entire; flowers small, __

: * gibicaulis. Bote ae conpin. sects white and

ished, upper part branching; leaves linear-sul

C. rarely subserulte me side a little villous; flowers
asxil middle-sized, white; c prismatic;

Satie ese albicaulis. Fras. Catal. 1813. Pursh’ ;%
nonym wrong, 2. p. 734. See the Herbarium of A.
Lambert, esq. Han. From the river Platte to the North-
ern Andes. Flowering in July and August. Stem about
3 feet high, calix somewhat lous; capsule about an inch

= pinnatifida. Minutely pubescent; stem low and de- -

246 OOTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA,

~

sule ponent. grooved.—(E. albicaulis, Pursh, Flor. Am.
2. p. Allied to 2. tetraptera, but very different in the

_.\ Gapsule and style. Hae. On the banks of the Missouri

_ near White river, in denudated argillaceous tracts. An-
nual, and flowering in May and June. Flowers large and
white, becoming reddish on withering. In arid situa-
tions not more than 4 or 6 inches high, in other places 1
or 2 feet, but always decumbent; tube of the calix longer
than the germ; capsule an inch long, not more than a line
and a half wide, quadrangular, and slightly margined.

9. * cespitosa. Cespitose and stemless; leaves lanceolate,
sinuately or 'y toothed, smooth, petals very large,
dilatedly subbilobed; tube of the calix very long; capsule
subconic-oblong, sessile, margin ‘of the valves cristately
g. On denudated and arid argillaceous hills

.

muricate. Ha

©. “enethe banks of the Missouri, from White river to the

Mandans, ‘and in all probability to the commencement of
- the mountains. Ons, aa ssa of the calix carinate, ap-
’ ing prismatic before flowering; seeds cylindric-ovates
plant 3 or 4 inches high, tube of the calix two and a half
inches, flower ofien 3 inches in diameter. This species
is considerably allied to (E. acaulis, which produces pin-
natifid leaves and alated capsules, in this the leaves
are entire, and the capsules considerable like those of
£. biennis, cylindric-eonic, and tuberculately crested
along the margins of the valves; the flowers are white, of
uncommon magnitude, and become tinged with red in
withering: where its duration is long continued it produ-
ces numerous cespitose tufts, hut from appearances of
this kind its existence is seldom continued through more
_ than 5 or 7 years. ee
-10.* serrata. Stem low, slender and suffruticose, mi-
nutely pubescent, as well as the under side of the leaves
and capsules; leaves oblong-linear, irregularly serrulate
flowers distant, axillary; calix sessile, angular, funnel-
form; capsule prismatic, slender; petals roundish, entire;
stamina and style very short; stigma almost undivided, 4-
toothed. Has. From the river Platte to the mountains,

on dry hills; flowering in June. Somewhat allied to CE.
__ dentata, but appears very different on inspecting the figure

of that species in the Flora Peruviana. Ons. Stem simple,
slender, 3 to 12 inches high, foliose; leaves a little more
‘than an inch 2 to 3 lines wide, attenuated downwards,
not toothed; flowers a little larger

r

than those of (E. sinuata, bright yellow; calix quadran- —

+

OCTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 247

sile, more than an inch long, about half a line wide; seeds
naked. This species, in every Samick inet: the seed, makes
& near approach to Epilobium.

§ 11. Capsules ventricose, angular, sna pedicellate.

11. glauca. Leaves broad-oval, very smooth and glaucous.
12. fruticosa. Partly villous; leaves linear-lanceolaté, sub-
denticulate, acute; petals obcordate, as broad as long; calix”
acuminate; capsule quadrangular, pubescent, oblong-cla-
vate, pedicellate; raceme naked below. Bot. Magaz 332.
Stem simple, leaves when held betwixt the light, punctate
(through a common lens,) punctures very numerous and
linear, similar to those of Lysimachia guadrifolia, but co-
lourless and diaphanous,

8. * ambigua more or less pilose; stem simple; leaves
lanceolate, or ovate-lanceolate, acute, subdenticulate, pe-
tals obcordate, longer than broad; points of the calix very
short; capsule subsessile, always smooth, oblong, and 4-
w ers raceme naked below. Has. Common ee
Philadelphia with the preceding; apparently a distinct
sen oe Stem simple, leaves endow ronment (through a
jens,) stem more slender, flowers smaller and usually of
a brighter yellow. In dry and exposed situations, this

Species, if such it may be considered, becomes very hairy,
im wet places often perfectly smooth—My attention has
been directed to these discriminations through the polite-
hess of f professor Barton.

13. *incana. Stem low, slender, and erect; leaves flat,
hoary and tomentose, very en:ire, elliptic-ovate, acute; ra-
ceme few-flowered, naked, capsules subsessile, oblong and
quadrangular. Hab. In “ary woods, Maryland.—Dr. W.
€. Barton. v.3.in Herb. Barton. Stem 6 or 8 inches high,
fours sion yellow. Allied to G2. frusticosa, B. ambi-

to re Ons.
much branched above, almost entirely
an pes brown. » Root leaves ianecoley

eo rere ee maaan the margin,
ene betsist tne Fgh, (09 AE

248

OCTANDRIA. MONOGYNTA.
long, only 2 or 3 lines wide; fowers produced towards

the summits of the branches, yellow, capsules racemose

octangular, margins alated, dorsal angles obtuse, corru-
dissepiments thin and membranaceous, stipe a

le shorter than the fruit; racemes 4 to 6 inches long.
17. hybrida. 18. linearis. Oxs. Root ligneous, stem
slender,*flexuose, rarely exceeding a span, often branched,
the whole plant conspicuously pubescent; leaves linear,
somewhat oblong; radical leaves spathulate-oval; flowers
bright yellow nearly the size of those of @. fruticosa, for
a dwarf variety of which it might almost be mistaken; tube
of the calix much longer than the germ; capsules subce-
rymbose or terminal, very few, roundish-obovate, with 8
grooves, usually shorter the stipe. Has. From Vir-
ginia to Georgia, in open low and sandy woods. 19. chry-
santha. 20. pusilla. probably a variety of @. linearis, the
of which are sometimes nearly sessile, and the

fruit of this is described as clavate.

21. * alata. . macrocarpa. Pu. Oss. Root perennial,
perpendicular, caudex dividing into several simple and
decumbent stems, 6 to 12 inches long. Leaves linear-lance-
olate acute, upon long petioles, in an early state minutely
villous and hoary, margin sometimes distantly and glandu-
larly denticulate, always pubescent as well as the nerves,
opaque betwixt the light, 5 or 6 inches long and about
half an inch wide. Flowers sessile, produced below
the summit of the stem, axillary; tube of the calix 3
or 4 inches long, (and by cultivation, at the expense of the

germ, 6 or 7 inches!) nis of the calix sublanceolate,
acuminate, flat, ex tted with purple, and co-

vered with a short silky villus; petals ie gh obcor-
dately dilated, nearly entire. Pollen inne r, connecting

363. EPILOBIUM. L | (Willow-herb.)

OCTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 249

bury,F. L. S. Flower by cultivation nearly 6 inchesin dia-
meter, and the leaves then become lanceolate.

An Amefican genus, extending through Peru and Chili
into Patagonia, with the exception of 2 species at the Cape
of Good Hope.

- CLARKIA. Pursh.

roeneren cleft, tubulous. Corolla of 4 petals,
unguiculate, cruciately 3-lobed. Stamina 4 im-
perfect, with roundish anthers. Stigma peta-
loid, 4-lobed. Capsule 4-celled.

A biennial or annual and herbaceous plant, with the en-
tire habit of @nothera, Leaves alternate, narrow; flowers
alternate, subsessile, purple.

Specizs. 1. C. pulehella. v.s. Discovered in Northern

- California by the late governor Lewis, on the banks of two
of the principal bra of the Columbia.

562. GAURA. Z.

Cali: 4-cleft, tubular. Corolla of 4 petals, as-
cending towards the upper side. Wut quadran-
lar, 1 fo 4 seeded.

Habit similar to Gnothera, to the last section of which
it closely approaches. Leaves alternate, flowers spiked,
mostly rosaceous, Germ 4 or more seeded; capsule by
abortion 1-seeded. (Leaves impunctate.)

Species. 1. G. biennis. 2. angustifolia. 3. * coccinea.
Perennial; stems simple, decumbent, several from the
same root; leaves linear-lanceolate, gerne iy denticulate,
canescent ase ah a ti ae neraieg wile flowered,

. petals row ish, ly uw a on
the calix; sti 4-toothed; frase acute at both both extremi-
ties, séeed XS: On the declivities of bare gravelly
hills, from the Maha village to the Mandans. About a foot
high, covered with a short and hoary villous pubescence,
leaves crowded; re at first reg colour, at length be-

m t, wering in May. —

Or bh ges there are 2 other species in Mexico and
1 in tropical America. :

Calix 4-cleft, sabolias. Corolla of 4
Capsule oblong inferior. Seeds comose.

950 OCTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

Herbaceous; leaves opposite or alternate; flewers red-
' dish, towards the summit of the stem, solitary and axil-
lary, or in terminal bracteate spikes: stamina in a few spe-
cies declinate. :
Species. 1. F. spicatum. Commonly called E. angusti-
folium, but the leaves are comparatively more broad than
narrow. 2. latifolium. 3. liteum, Pu. 4. tetragonum. 5.
* squamatum. Subcanescently pubescent; root squamose,
ulbous; stem terete, branching above; stem leaves oppo-
site, those of the branches alternate, linear and entire, re-
volute on the margin; flowers pedunculate; petals bifid:
stamina unequal; stigma clavate undivided. Has. In wet
meadows, common around Philadelphia. 2. rosmarinifa-
%, lium. Purshb, Flor. Am. 1. p. 259. but this name has been
ees applied by Haenke to a very different species.
s. Root in winter an imbricated squamose bulb, with
_ succulent reddish scales! Stem about 1 foot high, slender;
. flowers small, few and terminal; petals small, white, and
veined, bilobed, longer than the calix; stamina unequal,
4 shorter opposite the petals, and 4 longer alternating
with them; capsule very long, 4-sided. 6. coleratum. Leaves
with linear and round diaphanous punctures (through a
lens) afier the manner of nothera, excepting that the
punctures are of two forms. 7. palustre. 8. alpinum. Pro-
bably E. oliganthum. Mich. 1. p. 223,
A genus principally indigenous to the north of Europe,
ing as far as Greenland; there is also 1 species in
Chili, 2 in New-Zealand, and 1 at the Cape of Good Hope.
- Have not all the species indigenous to the colder regions
roots which assume the form of bulbs in winter?

364. OXYCOCCUS. Persoon. (Cranberry.)

Calix superior, 4-toothed. Corolla 4-parted;
segments sublinear, revolute. Filaments conmi-
vent. 4nthers tubulose, semibifid. Berry many-
seeded.

Small prostrate creeping shrubs with ene leaves,

oblong, nearly flat and obtuse, distantly subserrulate, un-
_.. der side somewhat glaucous, younger ones pubescent at
“© the points; segments of the corolia linear-lanceolate—
Branches sometimes flexuose and adscendent, serrula- —

es

OCTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 251

tions of the leaves about 4, points of the younger leaves,
peduncles and the margin of the calix and bractes pu-
beseent; flower-bearing branches proliferous and erect,
the rest becoming prostrate and radicant; pedicells bi-
bracteate, bractes acute. Bermes immaculate red and:
spherical, often persistent throughout the winter. Has.
In sphagnose swamps or overgrown ponds, from Labra-
dor to Carolina.—The fruit an article of commerce as weil
as domestic consumption.

2. hispidulus, Vaccinium hispidulum, Mich. 1. p. 228. tab.
23. Willd. Sp. pl. 2. p. 355. Gaultheria Serpyllifolia, Pursh,
1. p- 283. The whole habit of this singular plant, as well
as its being octandrous, is certainly in favour of this ge-
nus, father than Gauitheria, although it possesses occult
qualities similar to G. proczmlens, having the same aro-
matic taste and smell. The berries of this species are
small, white, and produced in very inconsiderable quan-
tities, they are aromatic, not very acid, and rather insipid
than agreeable, certainly not “very sweet,” Has. I have
observed this plant north-westward as far as the outlet of
lake Michigan, and as Mr. Pursh very justly remarks,
abounding where evergreens are predominant, keeping
pretty constant pace with the boreal forests of Pines, Lar-
ches and Firs. It is not uncommon on the mountains of

Pennsylvania, growing always amidst Sphagnum. 3. exy-

throcarpus. Vaecinium erythrocarpum. Mich. 1. p. 227.

A North American genus, with the exception of Q. eu-
ropeus: (Faccinium Oxycoccus, Willd.) which has not, §
believe, yet been found in America.

t+ Germ superior.
365. MENZIESIA: Smith. :
Calix of 1 Jeaf. Corolla monopetalous, ovate.

Filaments inserted upon the receptacle. Capsule —

superior, 4-celled, dissepiments produced by the
inflected margins of the valves. Seeds numerous,
oblong. _ :
romerphous genus, J. ferrnginen and JW. zicby-
‘atte Mecetag tiie tabi sak Pit af Analoa, but the.
flowers of imei De flowers aay ciliated ~~
Ih ves terminally fasciculated;—.¥f. empetriformis, »
ae aeae decandrous flowers, and M. polifolia, z, having

leafy stems, linear or minute leaves with revolute mar-—

gins and conspicuous red flowers, are scar
from Erica. = y ne

EE

252

OCTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

Species. 1. M. ferruginea. In North California. 2. ¢/ahu-
laris? Ons. Branches subverticillate. Leaves obovate-lan-
ceolate, acute, petioles and — as well asthe younger |
branches pilose, under side of the leaf glaucous, covered
with a minute pubescence, upper side somewhat scabrous;
under side of the midrib lined with about eight to ten
distant tubercles, each terminated by an appressed pa-
leaceous process, and respectively situated near the base
of eaeh pair of lateral nerves. Flowers terminally fas-
ciculated, peduncles glandularly pubescent, an inch and
a half long. Calix crenate, minute, crenatures 4, Ciliates
retuse. Capsule cylindric-ovate, short, 4-valved, coria-
ec ous, receptacle with 4 alated angles, each angle semi-
niferous and embraced by the 2 inflected margins of exch
yalve. Seeds minute, livear-oblong, acute. 3. empetrifor-
mis. 4. cerulea. These 2 last resemble Erica. No. 4.

was the Erica ceruleu of Willdenow.—There is but an-

' other genuine species of this genus, which is the J. poli-

_— folia of Jussieu, in the north of Europe, almost peculiar to

the mountains of the west of Ireland, extending also into
France and Portugal.

$66. ACER. L. (Maple.)

Flowers mostly poly gamous.—Calix about 5-

* cleft. Petals 5, or none. Samare 2, sometimes
8, alated, united at the base, by abortion 1-
seeded.

an

_. Large or small trees; leaves palmately lobed (in .1.
‘undo, simply or doubly pseudo ternate); flowers lateral
terminal, subcorymbose, racemose, or aggregate, and
then subtended by an imbricated gemmaceous involucrum,
with the pedicells 1-flowered. Calix sometimes petaloid.

Species. 1. A. rudyum. Ons. Dioicous; calix petaloid
ted, 8 to 12 parted; stamens about 5, in the male exsert-

ed, having a globular gland at the base of each; segments

of the hermaphrodite calix shorter and broader, stamens

_ also shorter. Styles 2, long, recurved und pubescent on
the upper surface.

Flowers aggregated in 5s, surrounded

of the corolla or germ,.as in A. rubrum; cepus clus-
ters about 5-flowered, serene rg of the involucrum
- Hae. Westward into U isiana.—These

ae several others, are scarcely congeners with the

OCFANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 253

European maple. 3. darbatum. 4. saccharinum. (Sugar-
Maple.) 5. nigrum. Searcely distinct from the preceding.
Confined almost exclusively to the west side of the moun-
‘tains. 6. macrophyllum, Pu. v. s. Somewhat resembling 4.
Pseudoplatanus. 7. circinatum, Pa. Both indigenous, to
North California, on Columbia river. 8. striatum. Persoon,
1. p. 417. Pursh, L. p. 267. Owns. Racemes pendulous.
Calix 5-cleft, petals 5, oblong; stamina 8, anthers hala,
‘oval, small. This is certainly a correct type of the genus,
as weil as the following. 9. montanum.

Necunpo. Dioicous—Calix minute, 5-toothed. Pe-
tals none. Male, with 5 stamina, anthers linear, sessile,
‘and acuminate. Sumare similar to Acer.

A tree, with pseudoternate or imperfectly biternated
leaves (something like those of Fraxinus), racemes aggre-
gated, filiform. ;

10. * Fraxinifolium. Has, North-westward on the banks
of the Missouri to the mountains?

Of this genus there are § species on the continent of Eu-
rope, Lin the isle of Crete, which is pt with leaves
like Anemone hepatica, 1 in Tartary, 6 in Japan.

367, DIRCA. L. (Leather-wood.) © =
Calix none. Corolla tubulous, border obso- -
Tete. Stamina unequal, exserted. Style filiform,

Berry 1-seeded. A

~ A low shrub, virgately branched; bark tenaceous; buds

3-flowered, axillary; flowers small, pale yellow.
Specizs. 1. D, palustris. The only species of the

genus. =

368. JEFFERSONIA. Barton,
Calix ere cite nite nee ons.
of 8 petals, incurvately spreading. |
ceptacular. Capsule obovate, substipitate, 1-cel-
led, opening below the sammit by a lunate fora-
men. Seeds many, oblong, arillate at the base.
-. Stemless; leaves binate; scapes naked, 1-flowered; flow.
.- ers eaducous, white. Natural order Papaveracee. ——_-
, Spxcses. 1 J.diplylla, The only species of the genus.

t

254, OCTANDRIA. TRIGYNIA,

-Orner I1.—DIGYNIA.

869. CHRYSOSPLENIUM. LZ. (Golden Saxi-
frage.)

Calix superior 4 or 5-cleft, coloured. Corolla

_ none. Capsule birostrate, 1-celled, many-seeded.

Herbaceous, subaquatic, leaves simple, thickish, oppo-
site or alternate; flowers small sessile, often terminal and
surrounded with floral leaves, mostly 4-cleft and octan-

_drous, the primary flawer sometimes decandrous.

Species. 1. C, appositifolium. Oxs. Leaves both oppo-

site and alternate. Stamina seated in the indentions of
_ the margined and sinuated receptacle, indentions 8—A

“genus probably of a single species indigenous to Europe

and America. ;

i

Orper IIl.—TRIGYNIA.

370. POLYGONUM. L. (Persicaria, Buck-
wheat, &c.)
Calix 5-parted, petaloid, persistent. Seed 1, ~
superior, 5-sided, covered by the connivent ca-
lix. (The number of the stamina and styles un-

A polymorphous and divided genus? nearly all the
Species herbaceous; leaves alternate; linear, spathulate,
lanceolate, ovate, cordate or sagittate, sheathing at the
base, sheathes or ochrez evlindric, embracing the stem;
flowers axillary, or spiked, in a few species disposed in
paniculated racemes, color reddish or white. Peduncles

articulated, as in Eriogenum and perhaps in other genera

- 0fPolygonee! Stems and branches, often nodose, but in-

sai § 1. Ochree, manyflowered, (3—5.)

- Srecres. 1.P. uviculare, fowers octandrous, styles 3,
peduncles shorter than the flowers, seeds granulated.
#. angustifolium. Mich. 1. p. 237, leaves smail, lanceolate-
oblong, acute. B. latifolium, leavess.broad oval, obtuse,
flowers pentandrous, stem adscendent. 2 *glaucum Flow-
ers octandrous, styles 3; stem diffuse, prostrate, leaves
ovate-lanceolate, thick and glau ; pedicells as long as

the flowers; seeds acuteangular, acuminate, even, and =~

3 of BE
OCTANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. _ O55

shining. Has. On the sandy beach of the sea, “around
Egg-Harbour, New Jersey; possesses much the aspect of
P: aviculare, but produces flowers which are conspicuous
and elegant, and occurs in situations which pronounce it
native; not naturalized as aviculare, the seed zi pled iemark-
ably distinct. .2. maritimum of Europe has never yet been
tound on the American sea-coast. Oss. The whole
plant glaucous, very diffuse, branches with numerous
nodes, stipules lacerate, 3 to 5-flowered, flowers white
and exserted, segments obtuse; filaments of the stamina
- very short and dilated. 3. ramosissimum. 4. tenue. 5. Hy-
dropiperoides. 6. mite. 7. hirsutum. The whole plant hirsute-
ly pubescent; leaves lanceoiate. 8. virginianum. 9. bistor-
toides. Pu. Yhis species is probably a variety of bistorta.
10. viviparum. 11. coceineum: Sparingly met with in the
eae of Philadelphia. 12. pensylounicum. 15. Persica-
ria. 14 orientale. Partly naturalized.
ete soacee sugittate or cordate. :
$15. sagitiatum. 16. arifolium: 17. Fagepyrum. Buck-
ong merely cultivated, not naturalized. 18. Corvolvu-
lus. Introduced.. 19. cilinode. 20. scandens.

§ 11. PoLyGonELLA. Calix 5-leaved. Ochree Iflower-
ed; racemes dichotomously panicuate; leaves. spathulate,
small, (Gowers often dioicous.)—Stamens 8. Stigmas 3,
subcapitate.

21, articulatum. Annual; flowers hermaphrodite, wei
as long as the capillary peduncles; peduncle articula
near its base; fruit acute-angled, as long as the spreading
calix; flowering stems nearly naked; leaves spathulate-
linear obtuse. Has. Canada to Virginia, in sandy

barren soil: also on the banks of ig Riy pac: ik,
chi (Michigan Territory.) very elegant es
wish ir ‘rosaccous flowers, pet sa ery Ops.

<

ae

te: r

256 © CTANDREA. TRIGYNM.

....., panied by nodes. Leaves very few, small and. distant,
__. ‘Facemes as in the 2 other species dichotomous. .. Flowers
greenish white, at first minute, gradually augmenting in
the fruit after the manner of Rumex; segments unequal,
i larger oblong-ovate, the 2 smaller often horizontal in

it.

23. parvifolia. Dioicous; stem shrubby; much branched,
leaves cuneate-linear, or spathulate-obovate, retuse, tor-
tuously-spreading; racemes spreading, very numerous, pe-
duncle minute, articulated with. the calix; the 2 smaller
divisions of the calix reflected in the fruit; fruit included.

~ Has. On the sand-hills of Lynch creek, and around Wi!-
mington, North Carolina, abundant. Oxs. A smail shrub,
about the size and form of Erica vulgaris, rarely ever 2
- feet high; branches brittle, brown, covered with the ves-
‘tiges of rejected stipules, innumerably branched; leaves
ost imbricately approximating and tortuous, variable

in breadth, opaque; flowers minute.
The principal part of this genus, excepting the above,
is indigenous to Europe, and extending into Siberia (Asia),
There are also a few species in the East. Indies,,Japa.»

‘China and New Holland.

371. BRENICHIA. Geriner.

? - Calixe at length coriaceous, tubular and ven-
tricose, 5-cleft, angular at the base, and decur-
rent im the dilated peduncle. Corolla none.
_ Styles short; stigmas bifid. Seed 1, triquetrons,
inclosed by the calix. Perisperm lobed. (Stami-
na 8 or 9, rarely 10). AEB y
A climbing shrub with alternate, cordate, aeuminated
leaves; racemes, paniculated, bractes many flowered; ca- -
fix enlarging and becoming suberose, elongated into a flat
and arched peduncle, attenuated and articulated at its *
base, deciduous at the articulation ice hee of the
‘whole order of Polygonex? The stem and leaves inarti;

ae ee eaaliven prorat mea ccctieuas
sy Specres. B. ci oS species indigenous to
” corgi i Flesida. and. the Sehatiannaee 4
$72. CARDIOSPERMUM. L, (Heart-seed.)
Calix 4-leaved. Petals 4. Lepanthium 4-leav-
ed, unequal. Capsule membranaceous, inflated,
3-lobed, 3-celled. Seeds round, marked at tho
hilum with a heart-shaped spot. i

OCTANDRIA. TRIGYNIA, s 2a, -

Tférbaceous climbers; leaves biternately divided; pe-
duneles long, solitary, and axillary, producing 2 tendrils
below the 4 the summit, and terminating in a many-flowered
corym

Species. C. Halicacabitins: A doubtful native, but indi-
genous to India.

A small tropical genus of 4 species, others i in Ameri-
ca, and 1 in Guinea.

373. SAPINDUS.. (Soap-berry.)
Calix 4-leayed, Petuls 4, glandulous. at the

base. . Capsules 3, carnose, connate, and ven-
' tricose, 2 at them often abortive. Seed spheri-

.

~~ ee

Trees; with pinnated leaves; flowers paniculated termi-
nal and axiliary.

Spscies, 8. Saponaria. Fruit globose, terebinthinace- .
ous.—Has. Sea-coast of Ge

A tropical genus of 10 speci¢s, 5 indigenous to Ameri-
ca, and 5 to India.

ime ig

Crass 1X.—ENNEANDRIA.

Orper IL—MONOGYNIA..

$74, LAURUS. L. (Spicewood, Sassafras, &c.)

Calix mostly 6-parted. Necfarium consist-
a of 3, bisetose glands, surrounding the germ.
f 12, 6 interior, 3 of them sterile and
n uliferous. Berry 1-seeded. (Stamina va-
iable in number. Flowers often dioicous:)

: | trees or shrubs with entire, and sempervirent
leaves, in some species partly opposite and longitudinal-
ly nerved; flowers paniculate or racemose axillary and.

. _ terminal, (a few species have solitary flowers, but are not
* probably of this genus.)

Specigs® 1. L. Catesbei. 2. carolinensis. Fibwefthe i in

July. I hayeé-met with this plant as far to the north as.

: the Great ypress Swamp, in Sussex country, Delaware,.

but very raze. The whole plantis aromatic and spicy.

| 4 extensive genus which affords the Cinnamon, the

; Cassia, and the Camphor of commerce, is with the above

; exceptions, 5 species in Japanand 1 in Europe (L. nobilis),

entirely tropical; India affords 3 of the most important

seme long eaabcued as spices; in the Canary islands
are 2, the tropical regions of America afford no
less than 21, amongst the most remarkable of which is

L.. caustica of Chili, being poisonous, and the L. Persea,

called avocado, and alligator-pear, producing a large and

yery grateful fruit formed like a pear.

The deciduous leaved species of the United States ap-
pear to constitute a subgenus, which I propose as follows:.
_ _ * Evosmus.f Flowers polygamous or dioicous.-—Ca- i
lie 6-parted. | Wectarium none. Stamina 9, fertile; 6 ex-

_» terior, naked, the S interior augmented by 6 infertile.

_- short stamina, ne by pairs; anthers of the sterile

stamina glanduloid. Berry 1-seeded.

Trees or shrubs with alternate deciduous leaves, en-
tire or lobed; flowers appearing before the leaves in small

7 From wocucs, odoruus. -

ENNEANDREA. MONOGYNIA, = 959

congiomerate umbeils, or conglomerate bracteate _ra-
cemes in E. Sassafras and H. * albida.—(Filaments and
anthers adnate; anthers 2 or, unequally, 4-celled, cells
closed by so many vertical valves, which opening elasti-
cally often carry up the pollen in a mass. Stamina al-
ways 9; to the base of the 3 interior fertile stamina are at-
tached 3 pair of short glanduloid infertile ones, destitute
of pollen. Cotyledones of the seed, excentrically peltate,
or laterally attached to the embryon a little above their
base, after the manner of all the Laurin, according to.
the observations of R. Brown.) ~ om
§ 1. Flowers umbellate, leaves entire,

Seecres. 3. E. estivalis. Polygamous: Leaves yenose,,
oblong acuminate, every where smooth. 4. Benzoin,
(Spice-bush.) Polygamous: Leaves cuneate oboval, under-
side whitish and partly pubescent; buds. and pedicells of
the umbells smooth. 5. Disspyrus. Dioicous; Low, surcu-
lose, and virgate; leaves oblong-oval, under side veiny and
pubescent; buds and pedicells villous; fruit large. Ons.
A running twiggy shrab, 2 or 3 feet high, growing in
Swamps; leaves opaque, attenuated towards the base;

bud scales, purple, and as well as the yo r branches —

villous; umbellate clusters sessile, 3 to 5-flowered; per-
fect stamina 9; glanduloid anthers of the imperfect sta~

mens large, orange yellow; berries upon thick and dis-

tinct pedicells, oblong-ovate, scarlet, larger than those of
_E. Benzoin; cotyledones large, thick and oily, embryon
small, laterally attached nearly at the base of the seed-
lobes. 6. geniculata. Polygamous; Branches divaricate
and. flexuous; leaves small, cuneate-oblong, mostly ob-
tuse, smooth except on the under side near the base, um-
bellets terminal, conspicuously pedicellate, smooth; an-
ther ually 4-celled. Haz. Uniformly in sandy

from Virginia

or S lobed, under side prominent oes

*|

860 ENNEANDREA, TRIGYNTAs

lobed, every where very smooth and thin, under side ob-
soletely veined, petiole longer. (White Sassafras.) Hac.
In North and South Carolina abundant, from the Cataw-
ba mountains to the east bank of the Santee; growing
with the common species, which is in North Carolina less
abundant. I have not seen it in flower, therefore the
comparison is incomplete, but all the inhabitants distin-
guish them perfectly by the names of white and red Sas-
safras, this species is also sometimes denominated Smooth
Sassafras; the root is much more strongly camphorated
than the ordinary sort and nearly white; it is also better
calculated to answer as a substitute for Ochra (Hibiscus .
- esculentus) than E. Sassafras, its buds and young bran-
ches being much more mucilaginous.
The genus Ocotea of Aublet appears to be very nearly
related to the present, but’ the flowere are paniculated;
and the filaments of the anthers are described as broad
~ and truncate.t

——

Orver IL—TRIGYNIA..

375. ERIOGONUM. Michaux.

__. Galix subcyathiform, tubulous at the base,.
border 6-cleft, segments unequal, externally
villous, Corolla none. Seed 1,. triquetrous,
without margins, covered by the calix. (Flow-
ers involucrate: Stipules none.)

‘Herbaceous or suffruticose plants, mostly stemless and
eéspitose, with alternate leaves, more or Jess tomentose;
flowers involucrate; involucrum cup-shaped or campanu--
late, many-flowered (15 to 20;) flowers circularly articu-

_ lated to the peduncles, many of them deciduous. (E- to-

-¥ This is the BRorostema of Schreber’s genera, and apparent-
itious, so far_as it varys. from the account of Aublet. It
d as having a 6-parted calix; 9 filaments called nec-_
ed in may 3 of them being internal and furnish-

(eee sions. flecnenis. ie Sow So Pree f
pores 4 polliniferous ce! Sassafras,
L.. geviculata) but monstrous to relate, from all

ee

.

ENNEANDREA, TRIGYNIA. 26t

nenf@sum produces an erect and dichotomous stem, and

verticillated leaves.)

Species. 1. E. tomentisum. Called wild Rhubarb. 2. fa-

vum. Fras. Catal. 1813. E. sericeum. Pu. 1. p. 277.

3. parviforum. (E. pauciforum. Pu.2. p. 735.) 4. parvi-

folium. Galix naked; leaves petiolate, alternate, ovate, re-
volute; stem suffruticose.—Rees Encycl. under Eriogo-
num, with the following. Has. Collected on the N. West
coast of America, by A. Menzies, Esq. Involucrum very
many flowered, proliferous; peduncles smooth. 5. latifoii-
um. Calix naked; leaves petiolated alternate, cordate,
undulated, petiole amplexicaule; stem suffruticose. Han.
North West coast of America—Menzies. Ons. Leaves
_ 2 inches long, tomentose beneath, often aggregated to- _
wards the summit of the divisions of the caudex.
A North American genus, allied to Rhewm, and also to
the Plegorhiza adstringens of Molini.
876. PLEEA. Michawa,

Calia none. Corolla 6-parted, stelJately —
Spreading; segments linear, acute. Capsule
roundish, with 3 angles, S-celled, dissepimen'
gbsolete. Seeds numerous, minute, subterete

‘ and caudate, attached to the margins of the
Roots cespitose, fibrous; leayes irideous, compres:

and attenuated, sempervirent, very narrow, furnished
with distinct sheathes and distichallyimbricated. Scape
sheathed, nearly naked; flowers few, racemose, pedun-.
cles solitary, separately sheathed, about the middle bi-

bracteate. Stamina 9 to 12, —
Species. 1. P. ifolia. Rare. A
uth of Wilming

cality, a Glebe $ $0
bres of he rot nearly scarlet, sheathing base of the
leaves ofa fine pink red, leaves deep green, tenaceous and
arid; racemes 6 to 9 flowered; flowers nearly saffron yel-
low, persistent. This plant ven cine allied to the
‘section of Tofieldia, which [have called Triantha, but dif-
~ fers much inthe form of the flower as well as in the, habit,

om

Crass X.—-DECANDRIA.

a

Orper IL.—MONOGYNIA.
} Flowers monopetalous.

$77. ARBUTUS. L. (Bear-berry, &c.)
Calix minute, 5-parted. Corolla ovate, dia-
ies at the base, border small, 5-cleft, revo-
te. te sees superior, 5-celled; cells 1, or many-

aie amas or shrubby; leaves alternate; flowers axil-
lary or terminal subracemose.

Species. 1. A. laurifolia. 2. Menziesii, Pu. 3. tomen-
tesa. Pu. These 3 species are indigenous to the North
West coast of America only. 4. alpina. 5. Uva ursi.

A smalland widely dispersed genus, there being 4 spe-
cies in Europe, one of them also indigenous to Candia‘and
mount Ida, 2 others are common to North America. there
is likewise 1 in the Levant, 1 in Acadia, 1 in some unknown
part of America, 1 in Peru and 2-in TictRedel Fuego.

378. GAULTHERIA. L. (Mountain-tea, Par-
tridge- berry, &c.)
agen Calix 5-cleft, or 5-toothed, bibracteate at the
__ hase. Corolla ovate, border partly 5-cleft, revo-
lute. Filaments of the stamina hirsute; Torus
or receptacle 10-tuothed. Capsulé superior, 5-
isc invested by the calix which becomes a

oy low ned suffruticose; leares alternate or facicula-
.m4 virent; eo nes tg solitary or racemose.
a lly in the thas

Sa aN Ste: Stem sm procumen,
repent, | S08; a very shori, erect .
and puboactles hoor we Shoot 4 or 6, crowded at
the summit, obovate, ciliate-denticulate. Flowers axil-
lary and solitary, nutant. Calix 5-toothed, bibracteate at
— base. Corolla ovate, _— a 5-toothed, inter-

i

a“
3

DECANDRIA. -MONOGYNIA.: 963

nally pubescent. Stamina included; filaments hirsute,
equal in length with -the anthers opening by 2 terminal
pores, each pore bicornute. Torus, internally 10-toothed,
dentures alternating with the stamina. Style cylindric
tubulous, the base immersed in the germ; stigmas 5, in-
ternally adnate. Germ roundish, 5-angled, 5-celled, cells
about 20-seeded. Seeds attached to the 5 lobes of the
‘ central axis.—-Very nearly allied to Pyrola, although mono-
petalous, 2. Shallon. Pu. Apparently an Arbutus; the ca-

lix is not caliculate, the peduncle appears to be merely

bibracteolate below the middle.

Of this small genus there appears to be 4 other species
indigenous to the mountains of tropical America, and 1 in
New Zealand. :

79. VACCINIUM. L. (Whortle-berry, Huckle-
berry.)

Caliz superior, 4 or 5-toothed. Corolla ur-
ceolate or campanulate, 4 or 5-cleft; border re-
ficcted. Filaments inserted upon the germ.
Berry 4 or 5-celled, many-seeded. (Stamina
sometimes 8.) ies

Suffruticose or shrubby, gemmaceous; bud scales often
persistent, on the base of the small branches; leaves alter-
nate in some species sempetvirent; often scattered with
résinous atoms; flowers pedicellate, solitary, axillaty fas-
ciculate, or racemose. Berries edible, mostly dark pur-

ple. ae ;
“3 § 1. Leaves deciduous.

Spectes. 1. V. stamineum. Berries large, partly pyriform
and green when ripe; bitter and. scarcely. pie: ae .

hate : species of the genus
_ ed. B. co it subacid,.and

lowing. 9. amoerum.

es ee

}

264 DECANDRIA, MONOGYNIA,

_ther too saccharine, but a very agreeable fruit, brought in
_ great quantities to the Philadelphia market. 15. ulgino-
sum. The European Whortle-berry. 16. myrtilloiues. 17.
cespitosum. ; ‘
§ 11. Leaws sempervirent.

18. Vitis Idea. Berries scarlet, farinaceous and insipid.
A small subalpine species, indigenous also to the north ot
Europe. 19. myrtifolium. 20. crussifolium. A variety proba-
bly of the following. 21. nitidiin Branches procumbent and
—From Virginia to Georgia. 22. myrsinites. 23. bua~
ifolium. 24. ovatum. 25. obtusum. .These 2 last are indi-

_ genous to the North West coast.

A North. American genus, with ee 3
species in Europe, 1 in Jamaica, 1 in the island o ei-
ti in the Pacific, 1 indigenous to Madeira and Cappado-

| Cia, and 3 in Japan. :

380. ANDROMEDA. L.

Calix 5-parted, minute, inferior. Corollamoré

enus not altogether natural, including species of
various : ts; they are mostly shrubs, in 2. arborea and
A pyrift ordering upon trees, 4 species indigenous
ja And the coldest parts of Europe, with 2 near
xtremity of South America, resemble the genus
arica, and are amongst the most humble suffrutices; the
leaves of most are alternate and sempervirent; flowers ax-

- DECANDREA. MONOGYNIA. ~ 965

(The capsule of Clethra alnifolia possesses a similar struc-
ture, excepting that the capsules are but 3 in place of 3,
and do not separate spontaneously in consequence of be-
ing inseparably united at the base.) Indigenous alsoto
Siberia. Almost the only species in upper Louisiana. 5.
augustifolia. Pu. Nearly allied to the preceding. 6. nitida. F
~ Fascicles of flowers axillary, subracemose. In swamps ©
from North Carolina to Florida. 7. axillaris: Ons. Leaves

oblong-oval, sublanceolate, acuminate, upper part carti-
laginously serrulate, serratures mucronate, under side
scattered with minute glandular hairs; younger branchés
also pulverulently pubescent; racemes axillary, spiked,
sessile, imbricately bracteate; corolla cylindric-ovate, an-
thers awnless.—Stigma capitate. Capsule globular, de-
pressed; septum indivisible, as in the preceding. Recep-
tacular bodies 5, pendulous from the summit of the axis,
each conspicuously pedicellate. Seeds brownish, angu-
Jar, and truncate at the lower extremity. 4. spinulosa of
Pursh is certainly the same species with the present, in
which oval leaves are not uncommon. Has. From Vir-
* ginia to Florida, and westward throughout the mountains

« of North Carolina into East Tennessee. 8. acuminata. 9.
floribunda. Discovered and so named by the late Mr.
John Lyon. A very elegant species. i.

Species with deciduous leaves. —

10. mariana. An extremely fine, common, a)

species, possessing somewhat the habit of 4.‘

flowering again in the autumn; its vernal fowetmg —

branches are, however, nearly naked. .11. speciosa, “From __
I have never seen the variety pulve-"

266 _ ppeixpnsn. oNoGENKA.

pat. *LYONIA}, (Species of ANDROMEDA. Willd. )

“3 We 5- toothed. Corolla subglobose, pubes-
~ cent. Capsule 5 -celled, valves 5, septiferous in
_ the middle; having their margins closed by 5

— other external narrow valvens Seeds Numerous, |

subulate, longitudinally imbricated.

~ leaves; flowers small, colleeted into interrupied naked
ani s or lateral and axillary fasciculi; peduncles ex-
-serted, destitute of bractes.—(Corolla covered with more
or lene: of the pubescence of the leaves; anthers awnless,
_ filaments each with an oval dilation at the base; style cy-
__ Tindric, stigma indistinct; capstle subglobose or ovoid,
; pentangular; dissepiments indivisible; the 5 lobes of the
receptacular axis connate, situated at the summit of the
capsule; seeds slender, caudate.)
Leaves sempervirent. ;
Species. 1. L. ferruginea. Ows. Under side of the
Yeaves and nearly all the rest of the plant, not excepting
the flowers, invested with brown umbilicate furfuraceous
écales; leaves obovate and flat, reticulated, but scarcely
Sos on the se te pedicells aggregated in 3s and 53
3-4 of an inch long; flowers very small, globuiar-
: ‘ovate; capsule cylindric-ovoid, furnished with very con-
wt accessary valvule, which are deciduous, about

it.—I have not been able to find these
other of the 4ndromedas exceptthe
in ‘im the genus here ‘proposed.
a.Pu. Diflers from the preceding in being
, With the leaves more oblong, convex and re-~
a in, having the veins on the upper side,
in sartieular Wace or hidden, and the flowers globose.
Manx also oe that it flowers sta diGerent time. _

- Shrubs with deciduous or sempervirent and alternate

dth of the proper valves, and ‘a little unci-

*

*

fs

382. KALMIA. - (Calico-bush,.

%

_ anthers are concealed. Capsule s-celled, many-

x Afi vonelosa? Pu. Every part of the ee ile and |
~ pulverulently villous: leaves oblong, or oblong-obovate, —

partly obtuse, under side furfura ; geous, often fer- = 4
_ Tuginous, coriaceous a =
~-Yeined. ben ath, m speaginovovolutss

panicle tern b e, hi
bescent?) anthers ane " Px. t cay po op enterta
doubt of the anthers being awnless in this ‘species: as
as in the preceding, although Lam not certain thi
plant be that which he has deseribed. Capsule roundish,
pubescent, pentangular in consequence of the application
of the 5 narrow accessary valvules, which-are, however,
- much less conspicuous than in the sempervirent species;
seeds subulate, longitudinally imbricated.

Were not this group of species so perfectly natural and
easy to distinguish from the genuine Andromedas, ib might
have been retained as a subgeneric section of that genus,
‘notwithstanding the singular structure of the capsule. ee

rican Lan-
rel. ) web ="

Calix 5- parted. Corolla salverform; Botder ©
on the under side producing: 10 cornute protu-
Ss, and as many cavities in which

aX

» dissepiments marginal. — 25
‘Shrubs with alternate or enable yerticillated and
Sempervirent leaves, (except, K. cuneata in which they
are deciduous; ) flowers i in. terminal Uapet ompo

oe slenderly al sidipatcay branched; leaves ‘cites, scat-
. tered, sessile, cuneate-oblong obtuse, with a mucronulate ‘
point, under side glandu bescent, from— to 15

dines long and 5 or *6 wide. F wers disposed. insessile = _
lateral fastigiate clusters of Ato 6 3 uncles fili- ~~
rm more than an inch Jong, 1-flowered, bractes very mi-
nute. Capsules roundish, as in all the rest of the genus. = — ,
Has. v. v. In swamps betwixt Camden and Statesvilley ~~ |

South Carolina. 5. hirsuta, Has, Constantly on the drier .
ff _ Margins of open swamps, abundant around Sayannah in |
= 4 ia, accompanying: the Chamerops serrulata, &C. -

J American genus, considered poisonous and
then fatal to cattle; it ann at not carer but A ae! oon
deleterious honey, recently complained of in Phil elphia,
othe cate have been collected by the bees from the flowers

he Calico-bush ( Kalmia latifolia) which in some places

the rocky woods and depressed summits of

mountains, almost ina similar manner with the Erita
vulgaris of Europe.

ee

x

_ 383. RHODODENDRON, L. (Mountain-Law-
rel.) :

hee ot 5-parted. Corolla partly fannelform,

ewhat oblique. Stamina depigate Cap-

Larges or ropdinary sized shrubs, with emapiereirellt and
Pom ow flower: - subcorymbose lateral and termi-
i jong, 1- owebed,- bracteolate at the base.

‘mostly terminal large and imbricated. “(anthers

opening oy 2 terminal truncate pores.)
_ | Spreres. (1. 2. maximum. 2: punctatum. Found occa >
‘sionally almost to Charleston, South Carolina —8. E ie
“Esq. 3. catawbiense. Leaves distinctly petiolavedas val,
whitish on the under _ often as much ag = menee
broad.

of this very denathental genus here a 3s 4
re, 1 in the. sarees 3 in Siberia, 1 on the summit of
3 and ; mot india arborceeen peaperset, ;
Ss 4

‘ ai

. i

a ts a all So ae r ee
= BM. § ‘ a ee oe ge ; —
‘ ' 4% a. * a
‘ 3 x

DECANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 269

“A shrub rese embling Azalea, w h purple flowers; youn- ©-
~ ger leaves revolute; flowers faciculated, terminal.
Species. KR. oa The anes the ge-

nus. ac “io

7" #885, EPIGMA. L.(T railing- Arbutus.)

Calix large, 5:parted, tribracteate at the base.
Corolla salverform, border 5-parted, spreading;
“tube internally villous. Capsule 5-celled; Re-
ceplacle 5-parted.

Herbaceous subcespitose evergreens; leaves alternate;
owers in eke axillary and terminal racemes.
+ Sprcins. | EB. repens. eHlowers fragrant, Anant ear
ly in the spring-—The mountains -of the West India isl-
ands afford a second:species of this gente os

$86. * PTEROSPORA.}

Calix 5-parted. Carolla monopetalous, ovate,
margin 5-toothed rellected. Juthérs excentri-
cally peltate, 2-celled, adnate. to- the filaments

. by the margin; bisetose. Capsule 5-celleds im-
perfectly 5-valved; dissepiments medial septa —
and valves united towards the base and Goales-
ee with the receptacular axis; Receptacle 5-
* fobed, Seeds very numerous and minyti each

~ furnished with a terminal wing. ciate |
A ent annual, destitutao of vbichies Wilting. re
bit of Monomrepa'tg which itis allied. Suen a ie

! ther radseal nor cauline; stem sir .
heros oouered preddi shy ‘resembling those of Andeo-

, peduncles rather longs Iflowered, cernanus, ke

: Aner me dea. ‘
be ARdot . wis Every part of the:

‘270 % -amocawonin, MONOGYNIA, +

“ “subtendea at ee: bed by alongish linear palencéous
: te. Calix ed, scree ovate, nearly half the
“Tenge of the etl, somewhat. pubescently ciliate, fur-
ed with obscure longit! nerves. Corolla mono-
-petalous, marcescent; ovate, open, margin 5-toothed re- ;
flected; dentures ort-oval,obtuse, Posaceous, the rest .
. of the corolla white. Stamina ‘10, included within the |
cowella;,, filaments subulate, flat and mémbranaceous, ari- ©
sing from ae base of the germ; anthers small, 2-celled,
ably connected with the filaments,
seg by the margin, opening in-
es lament in an:

mauinaney'6 ; abe
= ioe Se re pe ityat t eof
th anther there is situated 2 small filiform pro-
ome eet its length, which have probably been appli- :
ed to the 2 sutures of the anthers before opening? but |
this I have not been abie to verify; they may be merely :
such processes as we find in similar situations in Andro- by
meda, Vaccinium, &c. Style 1, short and colummar; stig-
> ma in Capieaians obscurely 5-lobed. Capsule 5-celled, subglo-
; ves 5, coalescing towards the base by their dis-
with the axis of the receptacle; re eptacle
s large alternating with the dissepiments;
lial (or arising from the centre of the valves.)
xtremely numerous and minute, globular-ovoi
base, so as to appear almost fusiform,
rds by a dilated vy canary reticulated

seeds, we perceive that ee etnbr voce Fhe
the umbilicus, must be concentric and probably sur- *
unded by a perisperm, but it may fairly be doubted —
nether this plant and Monotropa its coordinate are not ~

os of cotyledones.v. 6 4 shag
' . '

“MonoGysta. | ee ari

sule 5-celled, 5 s-valved. ds ; very numerous %
dese eubelaté. x =

‘Parasitic plar js growing UT upon ae: roots of ik desti-
tute of | proper ke erdure; root. densely iano
a 2 scales obegetel, dy aggregated, si » invested —
qd _ with alternate scales; flowers racemose, | pedicellate, rat
> “ceme at first bent, at Aength erect. “Scent a the whole
_ plant musky. NSE
_-)Srecies, 1. Hi: *eun oped. (.vtonoiropa He ypopi

PL) In the pine-forests of Canada lanu nosa. OBs.
Every part of the plant pubescent except the base of the
stem and lower sala Lsoape moré or less convolute and
a (often triangular; ) monetees nearly an inch long.
- Calix inconstant in number of its segmen nts; filaments
- pubescent, a eS at the base by 10 very short recury-
ed filiform appendices; anthers excentrically peltate or
rather rivetted to the filaments on one side, somewhat
‘coriaceous, persistent, and opaque, almost reniformly di-
lated, opening outwards. their whole breadth, an at
‘length becoming revolute. Style pubs ent, stigma sieacbis
cular; somewhat depressed, intern tly, 5-1 obeds
. ‘Margin bearded. Dissepiments of the c e
in the axis towards the base; consequent
expands, as is also the case with Pyrola, the mal
_ €apsule merely shrinking for the purpose of |
oe ar “ mi a “e 3
-MONOTROPA. ZL. =
cee ” Cala: none. Corolla pseudo-polypetalous,

‘persistent; - ae 5, each with a neal

nectariferous base. Anthers reniform, hor S.
‘tal, 1-celled, emi ti the pollen near tieemta.
die, by 2 transverse foramina. Stigma orbicu-
7 — Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved. aed

gery

-DECANDRIA,

ve

Ps _ succulent, broséity, bi brittle die “Btems pdiiee from
he same root, squame ovate-obtuse, 5 to 7 nerved,
* nerves simple, rectilinear. _€ Corolla persistent, sumetimes
Acs subtended by 2 or 3 bractes; petals channelled, erect, ad-
“nate to the base of the germ, obsoletely 3-nerved, claws, *
53 broad, cavernous. Filaments of the stamina pubescent, é
_ alternated at the base by 10 short recurved filiform pro-
=. eesses; anthers*cons: icuous, membranaceous, peltate, re-
> mform, and jovizontal, partly inflated, 1-celled, furnished
with 2 linear, transverse and puegivedsorareine, situated
about: the side for the escape of pollen. Style
‘seq y; stigma e sin gee orbicular, with

= lepre: ul: i ‘internally
ae : _ S-celled, 5-valved, 10-
see ; ecdiat distinct ‘above, coalescing in the

axis toads the base, margins of the valves connected by
cancellate fibres. Seeds very iumerous and miniite, en- a

‘ tirely similar to those of Pyr ola chlorantha, P. rotundifolia, ©

&e. presipting through a lens ahyaline nucleus, which is

nearly rical, situated towards the centre of a mem-
branacenus, integument, attenuated below and terminat-
obtusely above. The seed is likewise.similar i in Hypopi-
il these $ genera are distinctly allied to the
& Pyrola, but the singular form and disposition of
‘anthers interposes a difficulty of considerable mo-_
t against incorporating them With the natural order
natural order, or section, oN
Se as Bete: Cali

ode and arising
riled, © :

DECANDRI A | MONOGENTA, 973

at the angles near t
valves connected by an intricate tomentum;
(septa medial, coalescing with the receptacular
axis; lobes of the receptacle simple. Seeds | ery
uumerous and minute, samaroid. ) ;

Herbaceous evergreens, with creeping coe a leaves
radical, alternate, Snetegs odes roundish, Elliptic or ovate; —

‘i

2

unibracteate; style straight or declinate. Anthers bipo-
rose at the base, becoming inverted on the age sat the
flower, and then presenting the pores upwards.
tT Style straight.
Species. 1. P. uniflora. Flower fragrant, exhiing an
odor similar to that of Convallaria majalis. Leaves sub-
~ ovate, serrate; scape 1-flowered; pores of the anthers tubu-

+ of the raceme.
. tt Style declinate, stamina a.

letely crenulate, partly coriaceous and lucid, petiole con-
spicuously marginated, about the length of the ae
scape many-flowered; bractes ovate, calix 5

pd oblong-ovate, reflected at the

the genus; flowers white, with a rosaceous tinge, some

volutes bractes upon the naked part of the scape about 3,
- sheathing; bractes of the flowers as long or lea than

the peduncles, and conspicuous; stigma annulate, 5-lobed.
5 ae 5: * elliptica. Leaves membranaceous, oblong-oval and
~~ obtuse, or elliptic-ovate, plica holy telat and acute,
Ate teed Sah s much longer than naked

in cae Gia eee
un Phi 8 im, t ¢
pe with the — gees in June. seer goal

Pac gues val, houses
ina which pendetl fulvous, segments

pieces 5 a ae very a be ort nulat

Scapes racemose or rarely 1- flowered, flowers pedicellate, ©

lar. 2. minor. 3. secunda. Flowers incline? i tone side

ba 4. PRES a2 Leaves roundish, or dilated ‘oval, obso- -

longer than the stamina. Oss. The largest. mee ot
what fragrant, scape 3 to 5-angled, sometimes ¢on-

3 —

~ or furni d with a single scale; bractes linear and subu- ‘s

Rieti margins of the |

Was S

oF a Salix sevsinvete aps ea scape acutely trique- _ |

.)—Sw in Stockholm Trans. 1810. p. 190. t.
_ Avery correct Moa P. asarifolia. Michaux, Flor.
Am. 1, p. 251. P. convoluta. W. Barton, Prodr. Flor.
Philad. p. 50. Has. Recently discovered in Sweden by
Swartz. Abundant in the sandy pine forests of New Jer-
_ sey, near Philadelphia; &e. Oss. Leaves smaller than in
P. rotundifolia, dark-green and not lucid, roundish-oval
“or more dilated and emarginate, margin obsoletely and
: _ -Fepandly crenulate, lamina mostly longer than the petiole
_ which is nearly desiitute of a margin; scape naked, or
‘with a single scale, acutely triquetrous, often remarkably
onvo bractes lin Ree: shorter than ane “4
90th ‘ovate, dilatc

o the corc Powe poeta, and
st de ode Beat Westy equal with the sta-
; stigma Rhitiate, 5-lobed, viscid; capsule roundish,
umbilicately depressed, margins of the valves connected .
. by an intricate tomentum, free at the base.
7. dentata. Rees Eneyel. under Pyrola, with the 2 fol-
eee: aphylla. A species said to be destitute of
leaves. 9. picta. Leaves ovate, subserrate, discoloured,
flowers secund, pores of the anthers tubular —Collected
by Ay Menzies, Esq; on the North ‘West coast of Ameri-
2 @ Ege 2 eercaiing.-
“A genus almost equally indigenous to Northers Eu-
Pepe, care and North America,

. Gali 5-toothed. Petals 5 5s / Style very shoes
_ immersed in the germ; Stigma annulate, orbicu-
r, with a 5-lobed disk. Filaments stipitate;
. iscoid, ctlintes: ‘Capsule 5 celled, ameins

suffruticose plants with evergreen serrated.
rticillal seks Sas

‘ - agers, in inflo-

- = OUB; anthersepotted;
_.. Younded at the base by a
ly short, hid inthe umbilical Bs

ma convex, orbicalar, disk an into,
germ somewhat coni psule $-celled; septa medial,
artificially” bipartile, Gelcecice below in the Teceptacular
axis, margins of the valves "Mesatate of connecting fila-
ments, beginning to open at the summit; receptacle 5-lo-
bed, pendulous, lobes bipartile. Seeds similar to Pyfola.
2. maculata —Scape 1t6 3-flowered, sometimes with 12
stamina and 6 petals, flowers white; disk of the sti
_ Which supports the filaments entirely villous; leaves ovat
lanceolate, incisely serrate, discolored. Hab. Indigenous
ulso to the North West Coast of America.—Menzies.
Probably both species of this genus will be found also
-in Bast Asia and Kurope.—The disposition of the pores at
the base of the anthers in place of the summit, in this and
» the preceding genus, ioe an additional affinity tothe =

— ae. germ sur-
ular r ‘Style extreme-
n of the germ; stig >

; onotropa; that there exists also a leaf-
ess epi of Profan the — rest Coast, ». ‘En-
cycl. - i
__~ $91. LEDUM. ZL. (Labrador-tea) * <2
e Calix 5-cleft. Petals 5. Stamina exserted.
| NCapsule 5-celled, opening at the hoo Ee ae :
na also 5.) | Ke

‘ -* . Lew shrubs with coriaceous. leaves, whey nie terohdia:
3 - on the margin, and common! niose on the under
~~ surface; flowers white, in terminal corymbs, peduncles
¥ long and 1 ‘ered, » brasseate. at the base.

276

DECANDRIA, MONOGYNIA-. ~~

Shrubs with alternate deciduous leaves; flowers spiked |
axillary and terminal, bracteolate.
" Species. 1.€. alnifolia. 2. tomentosa. 3. scabra. 4.
paniculata. 5. acuminata. Somevof these species are un

_ questionably doubtfull. The capsule in this genus is com

structed similar to that of Andromeda caliculata, except-
_ing the difference in the number of the cells, the seeds
are likewise angular. tes 2
A North American genus, with the exception of a sin-
gle species indigenous to the mountains of Jamaica.

te.

A tall evergreen shrub with subverticillated branches;

» leaves very entire, veinless, aggregated towards the sum-

mits of the branches; racemes bracteate terminal, pe-
dicells 1-flowered bibracteolate. A genus; nearly allied to
Banisteria? i fea

Species. M. ligustrinum. On the margins of swamps
in Georgia and Florida, 8 to 12 feet high. The only spe-

cies known. |

394. MELIA. Z. (Pride of China.)

_Calix 5-parted, small. Petals 5. Lepanthi-

wm cylindric 10-toothed, dentures bifid at the

points, orifice internally antheriferous. Style

cylindric, stigma 5-rayed. Drupe globose, nut
5-celled, 5-seeded. ae

_ Trees or shrubs, leaves unequally pinnate or bipinnate; .
flowers paniculate axillary. Ee ici

Species. 1. M. Azedarach. Leaves bipinnate, leaf-

Jets smooth, ovate, dentate —Flowers odorous, somewhat
to jessamine, anthers alternating with the dentures —

> lepanthium. Ba pis Introduced into the southern

d planted in vistas; in many places it

‘ed, it exists well without shelter as far

and small trees may now and then be

‘A ee tilad ~ ‘The root has been used as a vermi-
fuge, and in Ba mp oil is expre the nuts.

DECANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. ovr

$95. TRIBULUS. L. (Caltrops.)

‘Calix 5-parted. Petals 5, ‘Spreading. Style
none; stigma partly 5-cleft. Capsules usually
“5, gibbous, mostly spinose, each 2 or 3 seeded.

Herbaceous plants, mostly prostrate or decumbent;
seals abruptly pinnate, flowers solitary, alternate, yel-

Species. 1. T.* trijugatus. Leaflets 3 pair, terminal
ones largest, under side pubescent; capsules 5, small, 1-
seeded, muricate, spineless. Has. In wastes and gar-
dens, as a weed around Savannah in Georgia, probably
introduced from the West India islands, allied to T: maz
mus, but certainly distinct. Ons. Annual; stem diffuse,

ree flower couse that of a small Ciatus. Sta-
mina 10, small. Fruit smooth, turbinate, pentangular,
acuminated, not larger than that of Pyrola, capsules 5, 1-
seeded, cristately muricate, attached to a large common
axis.

Of this genus there are Zother speciesin tropical Ame-
rica, 1 a Devo, and 1 common to Barbary and the
south of Europe.

$96. DIONABA. E. (Venus’s Fly-trap.)

Calix 5-parted. Petals 5. Siigne
ate, spreading. siete
ous, i-celled, many. seeded, _

Herbaceous;
base to prods aq jamose
pelts von lately Ste sotmninating #0 an articulated

circular Pig eg ae to the light, and re-_

ER queer ecunne in the 4 ca
ry — es aby

278 DECANDRIA, MONOGYNIA.

power. in a terminal subumbellate scape. Stamina 10
to 15.

Srzcres. D. muscipula, Ons. Scape about 10-flowered,
flowers in an umbell by pairs, each pair subtended by a
single bracte. Calix persistent, 5-parted, segments ovate-
oblong, margin membranaceous and glanduliferous. Pe-
tals 5, marcescent, cuneate-obovate and emarginate, with
the margin somewhat lacerated, inserted with the sta-
mina beneath the germ, rolling inwards on withering, at
first convolute as in the flowers of Hypericum, in flower

ing and incurved, numerously nerved, nerves dicho-
tomal above, diaphanous.. Stamina 10 to 14 or 15, more
farely 16, disposed without any order relative to the pe-
tals, strictly polyandrous; filaments filiform, shorter than
the the interior ones sometimes petaloid; anthers
hi with 4 angles, diaphanous; bursting on the open-
ing of the corolla; pollen nearly white, conspicuous, 3 or
4-angled, lobes round. Style 1, tubular, stigma lobed»
lobes lacerately fimbriate, at first involute towards the ori-
fice of the style, after the manner of the coma in Valeria-
ma. Germ roundish and depressed, partly 5-lobed, infla-
ted, lobes emarginated, cell 1, vales none. Seeds 20, 25,
or 30, black and polished, inversely conic-ovoid, destitute
of perisperm? somewhat about the size and form of the |
seeds of Hypericum perforatum, attached to the receptacle
by so many minute umbilical filaments, umbilicus not
—_ central, agreeing with the parallel of insertion upon
€ convex and favulose receptacle, which centrally occu-
ies the base of the capsule. “ee membranaceous, at
shrinking away so as to leave the seeds exposed
upon the polyphore. Taste of the plant sweetish and af-
-terwards transiently pungent, sap somewhat resinous, at
first yellow. In drying the plant becomes black.

Hae. Hitherto exclusively found on the North side of
Cape Fear river, North Carolina, and no where more abun-
dant than round Wilmington. I have traced it for 50
miles north of that place, and am informed that it extends
to Fayetteville —This singular plant, notwithstanding the
extraordi peculianty of its foliage, is evidently allied

3 to the Hypericina, and more particularly to the genus

,

epee

;

DECANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 279

Elodea; in E. campanulata, the stamina are usually 9 to
12, the capsule membranaceous, in an early state by the
inflection of the margins of the valves 3-celled, at length
©n opening resolving into a single cell with 3 parietal se-
miniferous margins, the seeds are in many respects simi-
lar to those of Dionea, and Dresera, foi. in relative =
tuation and form. The discrepancy consists then
pally, in the disunion of the filaments at the base, Qdly,
in the absence of valves, and 3dly, in the central and sepa-
rate situation of the receptacle. “he importance of the
‘first of these objections is removed by the example of Sa-
rethra inseparable from this order, in which there is also a
capsule ofa single cell, many species of Hypericum have
also separated stamina; the second and third objections ap-
pear of considerable importance, and operate also against
Uniting Dionea with Drosera, notwithstanding their other
affinities and the additional one of a simple style, though
deeply and divaricately divided, which we have found in |
the genus Drogera.—Vhe limits of this little work will not
be of extended discussions; and we shall now merely
that these plants, if nut actually incorporated with
: he HyPERIcINA, ought to form a proximate order.

397. JUSSIEUVA. L.

Calix 4 or 5-parted, superior, persistent.
Petals 4 or 5, ovate. Capsule 4 or 5-celled, 4 -
or 5-valved, oblong, cylindric or angular, ma-
nyseeded, crowned by the calix; septa medial.
Seeds numerous and minute attached to an an-
gular axis. (Stamina 8or10.) _

Herbaceous; leaves alternate; flowers molt 4 axillary.

Distinguished from @nethera principally by the persis- q
tence or aha: calix, and from iadeigia:! by thie focae of the “54
capsule and number of stamens.

Species. 1.J. ype Herbaceous and —
e) conspicuously UNncu:! » germ
toe tee equal to @nothera fruticosa. 2. erecta.
3. subacaulis, Pu. 4. *leptocarpa. Annual; erect; stem and.
calix partly hirsute; leaves lanceolate Subglabrous atten-
‘uated at both extremities; flowers sessile 5 or 6 petallec
capsule slender and cylindric. Has. Qn the Missisip
and Missauri, copious; not aquatic. Allied to J.
cens, but smooth except the sith, which 5 et
on sdaolr 0 fact and irregularly leaves
inches, attenu but sometimes obiuses os

i

280 DECANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

dric 10 to 15 lines long, searnely thicker than the capsule

ofan Epilobium, which the whole plant approaches in ha-

bit; calix 5 and sometimes 6-parted, with as many petals
and 10 to 12 stamina; petals scarcely longer than the ca-

dix, yellow.

_ Principally a tropical genus almost equally divided be-

twixt India and America.

: ttt Polypetalous; flowers irregular.
398. CASSIA. ZL.

Cali 5-leaved. Petals 5, subequal. Three
ei anthers sterile, the 3 lowest rostrate,
mS a longet and incurved filaments. Legume
e seous, 2-valved.

— Rotseacent; mflraticose or Letbactile: some species
annual; leaves pinnate; common petiole, and sometimes

‘the partial ones glandulous; flowers axillary, aggregate,

Spiked or rarely solitary.
Species. 1.C. Tora. In Georgia, and on the banks of
the Mississippi. 2. cccidentalis. 3. ligustrina. 4. linearis-

8. mawilandiea. In most of the: Atlantic: States and in Loui-

sisns,a considerable distance up the Missouri—Consider-
ed an efficient substitute for the Senna of the shops, which
3s, however, said to be the produce of a species. of Cynan-
chum. 6. Chamechrista. From New England to Florida.

e £ Patron a: B. ae a 4 di

- A tropical genus of more 70 — chie y indi-
genous to America and India- *:

599. SOPHORA. L. ae
Calix 5-toothed, campanulate, gibbous on the
mpper side. Corolla papilionaceous; lateral pe-

tals (or wings) the engi of the vexillum.
_ Legume moniliform,

ly numerous; flowers terminal, racemose or
$s

ts cuneate-oval, or subelliptic, smooth above, —
iky-villous; spikes many-Howered, subsessile; —
Ss See, us. Har. On the elevated plains
of the ‘Missouri, near the confluence of White river.—

ated soweels» Honk 5
beyond the leaves, brace ube Calix tubulous,

Aborescent or herbaceous; leaves pinnate; leaflets most- : as 5

cies. 1. S. * sericea. Leaves pinnate, about 10° farina

DECANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. ast

bous at the base on the upper side, margin 5-toothed,
obtuse. Flowers white, rather large; vexillum resupinate,
reflected, the claw rigid, limb rounded and_ obcordate;
wings oblong, horizontal; carina of 2 petals cohering
above, each with a single denture near the base and sub-
ulately terminated above as in Oxytrepis. Filaments dia-~

_ delphous, 9 and 1, but divided down nearly to the
base. Germ cylindric and villous; style short rising,
erect, subcapitate. Legume not seen,—but the striking
affinity of this plant to the well preserved specimens of
S. alopecurvides in the Banksian herbarium justifies its
admission into this genus. I am also obliged, however
unwillingly, to state, after seeing the specimen so mark-
ed by the author himself, in the herbarium of A. B. Lam-
bert, esq. that this is Astragalus carnosus! of Mr. Pursh,
Flor, Am. 2. p. 740. Supplement; he having by mistake,
applied the description of the fruit of an Astragalus which
1 had published to this species of Sophora._

_ A small and widely dispersed but scarcely natural ge-
nus, of which there are 2 very splendid and aborescent
species in New Zealand, which now form the genus Ed-
wardsia, 1 in tropical America? 2 in India, 1 in the Isle of

France, 1 in the Levant, greatly resembiing that which —

we have described, 1 in Siberia, and 1 in Japan.

400. BAPTISIA. Ventenat. R. Brown. Popa-
Lyra. Michaux. Lamark, Willdenow. (Wiid
Indigo.) “ae

Calix half 4 or 5-cleft, bilabiate. Corolla pa-

pilionaceous, petals nearly equal in length; vex-

illum laterally reflected. Stamina deciduous.

Legume ventricose, pedicellate, many-seeded.—
BE ge

Brown. Hort. Kew. 3.4 aoe
Herbaceous perennials; leaves ternate, stipulate; flow-
- ers in terminal rarely lateral spikes or Pig some
species solitary and axillary; in B. perfoliata, the leaves are

ebicular and perfoliate. # ee

Species. 1. B. perfoliata. 2. uniflora. 3.villaga, Ons,
Legume oblong, obtuse, subcylindric; allied to alba. 4
alba, 5. cerulea. 6. mollis. Leaves conspicuously petio-
Jate. This is the lowest species with which I am ac-
_ quainted, and possesses the aspect of an herbaceous
Psoralea. Stem purplish, somewhat decumbent, pubes-
- gent; leaves often 2 inches long and 1 wide, minutely

Sa pubescent on both = peduncle 3-40fan inch —

ier

282 DECANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

ry other Known species; stipules small, linear-lanceo-
late, acute; legume small with a subulate point. Has.
In North Carolina, principally upon the Catawba ridge,
where it occurs abundantly in the open bushy forests. 7.
“*leucophea. Dichotomous stem and nerves a little villous,
___ leaves ternate, sessile, rhomboidally obovate; stipules and
_ ‘Bractes ovate, acute, large and foliaceous; racemes late-
ral, many-flowered; flowers secund; legume acuminated.
Haz. In Georgia and Louisiana. (Abundant around St.
Louis.) Somewhat allied to P. cerulea, but very distinct.
A large species with ochroleucons flowers, in long and
dense spikes, larger than those of any other North Ame- —
ican species. Stem rather low but divaricate, leaves 2
' _ 4nches. Jong and an inch broad, obtase. 8. tinctoria. So _
called from oat 3 been formerly em ployed as a substi-
- tute for indigo, all the genus probably possess this pro-
perty in different degrees, though there is something pe-
¢culiar in the structure of this plant. Calix about 4-tooth- |
ed, the 2 uppermost of the 5 cohering into one, wings
- each furnished with a callosity at the lateral tooth.
A North American genus; the simple leaved species of 4
the Cape of Good Hope being alone retained in Podaly-

long, in which particular it strikingly differs from eve- |
|
|
|
.

. me go a Pe ad ; |
{eT RERMIA. T'neRMopsis. R. Brown. |
ort. Kew. 3. p. 3.

Calix subcampanulate, half 4-cleft, the upper |
segment truncate and emarginate. Corolla pa- |

- pilionaceous, petals nearly equal in length; vex- |
alum reflected at the sides; carina obtuse. Le- 4
gZume compressed and falcate, attenuated at the ©

Pursb, Flor. Am. Sept. 2. p. 74
-rennial i >” hol i or ci oh % inches
~ sending up stems from 8 to 12

=

ce

ai

DECANDRIA. MONOGENEA. 235

lary branches after flowering. Lower stipules roundish
and nearly as large as the leaves, common pa. nearly
aninch long, exceeding the stipules in ength; leaves |
aboutan inch long, and 1-2 an inch wide,scareely obtuse, |
slenderly villous on the under side, smooth peanacieepuest
subsessile, short and terminal,.3 or ‘45 é
_ flowered; pedicells subverticillately owe
yellow,} stamina deciduous, at least in the fruit, aie ak car
tilaginous cupulate torus alone. persistent. Leg
pressed, falcate, about 3 inches in length, here and _ i
“interrupted: by abortive portions, butnot articulated or
intercepted, terminated by the persistent filiform style,
‘with a minute and smooth stigma—Has. On denudated
_ argillaceous hills near Fort Mandan. This plant is very
closely allied to Sophora iupinoides of Pallas, Thermopets
lanceolata of Brown, and they appear inseparable in ge-
nus, that species when in perfection produces a long ver-
ticillated spike of flowers; some of, Pallas’s ‘specimens,
however, in the herbarium of A. B. Lambert, Esq. have
a single verticill of flowers only as in the starved speci-
bE in the Botanical Magazine, in this species j
Fez the leaves are on both sides closely covered with a silky
ae ‘villous; the primary leaves it appears occur sometimes
simple but ‘dae accempays by the stipules after
manner of Baptisia.

402, CERCIS. L. (Judas-tree, Red-bud ye

Calix 5-toothed, the lower part gibbons.
Corolla papilionaceous, lateral petals or wings
larger than the vexillum; carina dipetalous.
Legume compressed. _ ** Seminiferous suture
‘marginated. ae pages —Brown. a qe

3. -VIRGILIA. Sauk “Persoon. R. Brown.
) a 5-cleft. Corolla papilionaceous, oe
nearly equal i in a aiden of the veillum not no

234 DECANDRIA. DIGYNIA.

reflected. Stigma beardless. Legume compress-
ed, oblong, many-seeded.—R. Brown. Hort.
Kew. 3. p. 4.
- A small genus of trees or shrubs, with pinnated leaves
and flowers in erector pendulous racemes, which are
_. yellow, white or blue. - Probably not a natural group.
wie Specizs. 1. V. lutea. Racemes pendulous, legumes
_ flat and petiolate; flowers yellow. A tree whose bark af-
- fords a yellow dye, similar to V. aurea. The whole tree
- except in the colour of its flowers, strongly resembles
Robinia Pseudacacia. An occidental tree, hitherto found
only in the mountains of Tennessee.
this genus there are 2 species at the Cape of Good
Hope, 1 which is shrubby in New Spain, and 1 called V.
aurea in Abyssinia. _ ea =
<a

Oxver IL—DIGYNIA.

404. HYDRANGEA. L. x

_ Calix superior, 5-toothed pent. - Petals 5.
Capsule mostly 2-celled, striate, opening betwixt
the persistent styles by a terminal foramen.
Seeds many, longitudinally striate.

the Missssippa new

os
Y Otie
Ba
%

DECANDRIA, DIGYNIA. ee

An American genus, if we exclude H. hortensis of India,
separated principally on the ground of its producing 3

styles, which is perhaps occasionally common to every a ®

Hydrangea,

405. SAXIFRAGA. ZL. (Saxifrage.) _

Calix 5-parted, persistent. Petals 5.

Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, entire or divided;
Sometimes all radical; flowers mostly numerous, densely
or loosely paniculate, in some species nearly solitary. ~_

Species. 1.8. Aizoon. 2. stellaris. 3. serpyllifolia. 4,
“ndrosacea. 5.bronchialis. 6. nivalis, 7. virginica, 8. Geum.
9. leucanthemifolia. 10. pensylvanica. 11. erosa. Pu. Pa-
nicle slender ani Sivaringtely prenched, by which it is
readily distingni from No.10. 12. oppositifolia. Flow-
ee pi e . 13. aizoides. 14. Ai ser fr

ris. 16. sibirica. 17. pectinata. 18. cespitesa: 19, tri.

eushi,

&

sule 1-celled, many-seeded, opening betwixt —
the persistent styles. 3 *

286 DECANDRIA. DIGYNIA.

Species. 1. M. a a 2. cordifolia. 3. veniformis

4. prostrata. 5.
A North American genus with the exception of. M. nuda
Of Northen Asia.

“ 408. SAPONARIA. EL. (Soapwort.)
~ Calix tubulous 5-toothed, naked at the base.
Petals 5; unguiculate. Capsule 1-celled.

Flowers emery commonly corymbose, calix in some
ies an,
SPECIES. L 8. officinalis. Introduced, but now abun-
‘amas naturalized. This species occurs. aometimes mo-
_ Hopetalous. —

409. DIANTHUS. :% (Pink) 4

Cali cylindric, coriaceous, 5-toothed, the
base surrounded by 4 to 8 scales. Petals 5,
unguiculate. Capsule cylindric, 1-celled, burst-

ing at the summit. ’
Flowers aggregate, fastigiate; or dis upon a
_ branching stem. Some of the species suffruticose-
Leaves opposite as in the preceding genus to which this

isnearly aif narrow, linear or subulate.
Beacixs. » dD. Ry ght gumeseness 3 now natura-

yeni e. in the aerthof E See where several of the
species are rather naturalized than indigenous, we ob-
serve the genus to accumulate towards the south, and }
passing into Barbary, the Levant, and Greece, at length —
partly terminates in Arabia Felix, Palestine and Persia;
4 few species are eae bow ores in Siberia, in ag bed

apan, and even at the Cape of Good Hope.

hardy and odorous species have been cultivated from the
5 Umaelicas snes, ond are. amongst thadt ntiann Comrous of
= jum] gardens which bid defiance to the _—
foreigners.

or? oe uded in the calix.

ia

DECANDRIA. TRIGYNIA, | i Bhs 267 :

Small plants with opposite and linear mand flowers
axillary and subcorymbosely terminal. Possesses the ha-
bit of Arenaria.

Species. 1.S. annuus. So abundantly patuislized 4 in
sandy arable fields as to b pace native. —

An European genus of 3 gee

I

ORDER ill.—TRIGYNIA. ; é

411. CUCUBALBDS. L. (Campion.)

Calix inflated or campanulate, 5-toothed.
Petals 5, unguiculate, naked, or partly crowned
at the orifice. Capsule 3-celled.

Flowers axillary dichotomal or terminal, often subpa-
niculate. 3 =
Srecies. 1.C. Behen. Introduced? 2. *niveus. Up-
f per part of the stem, divaricate and dichotomous; leaves
oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, minutely and pulyerulently
pubescent, uppermost ovate; calix obtuse, campanulate,
inflated, subpilose; petals small, reflected, bifid at the ex-
tremity, claws exserted beyond the calix, nearly naked;
flowers solitary, dichotomal and terminal. Silene nivea.
Muhlenberg’s Catalogue. v.s. For the dried specimen I
am indebted to the friendship of Z. Collins, Fsq. to whom
it had been communicated. Has. Upon anisland of the
Susquebannah, near to Columbia—Muhlenberg. Ons.
Stem nearly smooth and slender. Leaves opposite, about
2 inches lonz and half aninch wide, sessile. Flowers re-
‘mote, solitary, ee ee rising from —

the centre of a pair of |
honiet Sete ae use, and
eh able. An ny naked st the once, ex-
serted, but narrow, limb reflected, scarcel half the length
Of the calix. Seeds bright brown, su striate and

rugose. Too nearly allied to C. Behen to
ee 3. stellatus. Leaves

Europeans exeeplng. C.spergi “<-*

‘283 | -—-« DECANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. =

412, SILENE. L. (Catch-Fly. « Wild-Pink.”)

Calix cylindric or conic. Petals 5, unguicu-

_late, generally crowned at the orifice. Capsule
3-celled.

Peduncles 1 or many-flowered, axillary, terminal, or
dichotomal.
Species. 1. S. quinguevulnera. 2. pensylvanica. 3.
_ wirginica, 4. Catesbei. Flowers scarlet. 5, regia. Curt.
a Bot, Mag. Stem tall and erect; leaves broad-ovate, some-
What asperate; branches trichotomally floriferous; calix
_long and cylindric, petals generally entire, style and sta-
mina exserted. Has. Throughout the western states
sparingly from Ohio to Lower Louisiana, one of the most
splendid. ‘species in existence. Oss. Root perennial.
- Stem erect and stout 4 or 5 feet high, much branched,
_. joints tumid, branches rigid and erect, and as well as the
_ whole plant pulverulently pubescent and viscid, upper
leaves acuminate. Flowers large, and bright scarlet, ve-
ry numerous, dichotomal and terminal. Calix conspicu-
ously striated. Petals oblanceolate usually entire, appen-
dices of the orifice distinct. _ = ;
6. *rotundifolia. Decumbent; stem, calix and margin of
i the leaves very pilose; leaf dilated-oval, acuminate at each
extremity; flowers few trichotomal; petals laciniated,
_ subquadrifid, lateral segments shorter; orifice crowned.
Has. bya — of Ohio and Tennessee, on the moist
ledges of rocks; flowering from July to August-. A very
“singular and beautifal species bi bright scarlet flow-
ing weak and almost filiform. Leaves nearly smooth ex-
cepting the margin, ventricosely dilated, and abruptly at-
tenuated at each extremity; subulately and abruptly acu-
minate above. Flowers few, almost terminal, simply or
doubly trichotomal. Calix densely pilose and soft, angu-
. larly striate, cylindric, smaller towards the base. _ Petals
_ furnished with the usual appendages at the orifice: hmb
about half an inch long, almost like that of Lychnis Flos
cuculi, dilated, and pilose orf the margin,. cleft disti
_abouthalf way down, each of the segments again subu-
ivided, besides these there are also 2 other exter-

x

ic

"On the banks of Flint river, Plorida—Dr. Balwyn. Ve-

« DECANDEIA SPRIGYNIA. *

Very distinct from S. ‘Catesbei, but requires further ex. =
mination. Flowers pale red and of pacommps magnitude.
8. antirrhina. 9. noctupna. Eade 4

A genus comprehending Apt ee species; ‘extending
throughout Europe and passing into Barbary, Greece, the
Leyant, and Siberia; no part of the southern hemisphere
Hope to aflord any species except the’ ; Good

lope. — —

. $18. SPELLARIA. L. . (Stitchwort.)

Calix 5-leaved, spreading. Petals: 5, bipar-
tite. Capsule ovate, 1-ceiled, iasngesecded,
Summit 6-toothed. . _ :

a _ Flowers dichotomal and terminal, white; stemg, Sortigh. Ps
ed with an siete centre. Bae

SPECIES. if os
and dectiibent = ee tia are? 2
one or two sides. | Leaves sessile, ovate-ot
somewhat undulated, conspicuously p
margin and under of the wid-rib towar
from 10 to 15 ines | '
{orin “the i

ps pa fe ish, ovate.
aspect of S. nemorum. 2. media. (Chickweed *
minea. 4, uliginosa. Smith. Flor

ARENARIA. L. (Sand- work)
Calix 5-leaved, spreading. Petals By entire.
Capsule 1-celled, many-seeded,

‘Flowers axillary or terminal; leaves stipulate; flowers
_* sometimes with 5 to 8 stamina, and 5 styles. Seeds mem-
- Baeincee margined in .2. rubra. and A. media.
Species. 1. A. peploides. On the sea-coast. 2. lateri-
_ fora. Common in the mountainous parts of Pennsylvania.
3. serpyllifolia. 4. thymifolia. 5. macrocarpa- 6. patula.
ré squarrosa. 8. striata. 9. glabra. 10. guniperina. — il.
i a. 12. fusciculata. 13. canagen ig.
pone gentgignd ee

> - = = -

cies cee:

DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. 2ol

17. CERASTIUM. ZL. (Mouseear- Chickweed. >
Calix 5-leaved. Petals 5, bifid or emargin-
_ ate. Capsule 1-celled, bursting at the summit,
, 10-toothed.

P Flowers terminal; stamina sometimes ‘5,and $3 styles;

capsule subcylindric, or roundish. Stefis with an elastic
centre.

Species, 1.C. yulgatum. 2- wiscasum. 3. semidecan-
iitum. 4. * glutinosum. — Softly pubescent and viscid,
erect; leaves elongated, distant, linear-oblong, acute; pe-
tals oblong, bifid at the point, longer than the calix; pe.
duncles at Jength much longer than the flowers, at first.
shorter. Has. Oa the banks of the Schuylkill near. Phi-
jadelphia. A very distinct and truly indigenous species. -
Oxs. Annual. Siéms nearly simple and erect, several
from the same root often a foot high, reurarkably viscid

: above. Radical leaves spathulate, all rather aetute, Cau. —

“ee line subamplexicaule, tinear-oblong, sublanceolate, plaited ~

' at the point, often 2 inches long, and only lines bread. ~

: ~ flowers terminal, subpaniculate; petals _ttear-oblong.
Stamina 10, 5 alternately longer. Styles 5, snort. Cap-

‘saute double the length of the calix, 10- ‘toothed, oblony-

cylindric, teeth acuminate,

5. arvense. 6. tenuifolium, 7. elongatum. PH.

ee : An European genus.
313 AGROSTEMMA. L. (Corn Cockle.) ©
Caliz t-leaved, tubulous, coriaceous, summit
5-cleft. Petals 5, unguiculate; lim) obtuse, and
undivided. Capa 1 celled agnsth a 5- toothed

opening,

Flowers ere Petals in 2. Clay deagee ae ne. =
ked; the rest have emarginate petals, and am 1 appendicu-

ie a 1 A. ssa Naturalized in corn fields

as in Europe. ‘ :
319. LYCHNIS. Ee : ey
~ Calia tubulous, 5 -toothed. Petals 5, ungui-

ae ulate: limb subbifid. Capsule 1 to 5 ed,

with a 5-toothed opening. ee

A genus of various habit and scarcely f

_ festigute. rye = tes paniculate, or —_ Z
5 ee #

_ Adisp genus, but rnciall y osaiean .
920. ‘OXALIS. 5" (Wood-sorrel.)- ee

Calix 5-leaved, persistent. Pi
connected t the claws. Stamina unequal, con-
nected at the base, 5 of them gts Soa

Capsule pentangular, 5-celled, bursting at th

angles, Sceds covered by an elastic arillus.

; pce ceous plants with tuberois roots, caulescent or

sensitive as in Mimosa; leaves at first spi-

rally ioraiarey scape eee or umbellate, end in-

ae genus of more than 100 species is, with a few ex-
pte in Europe and America, peculi indigenous

= ee %*

or mid sensitive = a

i Calix 5 to 10 a “Petals 5 or Hantie-
Ne le Bel S cusps, and 5-cells, cells”
y-seeded; seeds minute.

— cient. margin serrate; flowers terminal, cymosely spiked«
there i is a second species of this genus, in Sa collect
ted bys Sir G. Staunton. °

2 SED U M. ao (Stonecrop,) Se 3
% 3. cleft. Petals 5. Five saa tlegooh
Capsules 5.8u-

apatite. mosily

Petals 5, partly ‘

oe ves aggregated, alternate, ternate, in a few .
species es simple or binaie, digitate, or multifid, in 1 pinn: ate ~

Es. 1.0. Meétoselin. 2. vislacea. This species i
ars often to flower again late in the autumn, and.is

then destitute of leaves. 3. Lyoni. Pu. 4. corniculata.

ae. F tiricta. 6. Dillenii.. These 2 last are scarcely distinct,

to the Cape of Good Hope. The leaves of the Races
ividing ©

and subaquatic; leaves alternate, not sue

Spscizs. 1. P. sedoides. According to Mr. Vursh ~

alternate, sti ;

“" -DE€ANDRIA DECAGYNIM - BO

it continues throughout the moutitains to Georgia, most-
ly upon ‘the shelvings of rocks and «}so upon the trunks
of decayed trees on the hanks of the Ohio, &c. 9. ternas
gs tum. Generally accompanying the ‘preceding. 3. steno-
Sg fretalum. Pu.” Powards the ‘Columbia. 4, telepiaoides.
Scarcely distinet from S$. Telephinm. ‘
Almost exclusively an European genus,

523. *DIAMORPHA.} i
Calix 4-cleft. Petals4. Capsule opcning-ex-
ternally, 4-celled, cuspidate, cusps subulate, di+

vergent; cells about 4-seedeil,
A very smal} succulent biennial, verticillately branched
from the base; branches 3 or 4, ‘lowers minute, cymdse,
terminal; Jeaves alternate subteretc.
Spsesgs. 1.D. pusitla, Sedun pusilla. Miche1.p. i
E 276. _Tiilea cymosa, of the present publicationywhich se@ >”
p. 110, it is hotvever very distinct from thater any other
: genus with which T am acquainted. The capsule is at
: length coriaceous, its summit nearly flat, with 4 horizon-
tal diverging subulate cusps, the cells uniforinly 4 are ¢a--
rinate and open externally. Although’ the frnit may be.
considered as 4 ingrafied capsules, they are never at any

period separable.” - ge ee
Notrz, ‘This genus should have been placed in Octan- —

|
dria Letragynia. S

amie: : - |
7

Ornner VI.—DECAGYNIA. eae

$24. PHYTOLACCA. ZL. (Poke. Sak pee |
Catia 5-leaved, petaloid. Berry superior,

19-celled, 10-seeded. ae |

Herbaceous, rately shrubby; flowers racemose, racemes.

often opposite to the leaves, rarcly axillary; leaves acute,

mostly lanceolate. Styles 5, 7, 8, and 10: stamina 7, 8, to ~ <4

a

se SE 1. P. decandia. The young sheots when
boiled form an article of diet, while the full grown plang
proves a drastic purgative. A tincture of the ripe berries

: iapopSn, deformed, or contrary formed; in reference _
oe hay ‘oui. hich ee aomed differentiy and contrary one

— yest of the SeMPERVIVE- sa

294

DECANDRIA DEGAGYNIA.

has been recommended in rheumatism, «It is said that
there is a method of fixing the fine purple color of the
fruit upon wool, but that a more durable red is obtained
from the root. This species has become naturalized in
the south of Europe.

The few species of this genus, about 6, are all indige-
nous to North or South America, except 2: abyssinica,
and P. icosandra of India.

" Onpen I.—MONOGYNIA. ; “+ p

225. CACTUS. L. (Indian Figs Melon Thise
tle, &c.)
Calix superior, multifid, segments ubricate: 3 ca sil
oe Petals numerous, arranged in several series,
those of the interior larger. Stigma many- |
cleft. Berry umbilicate, many-seeded. *

x Atborescent, shrubby! and herbaceous : f various =
ie forms, remarkably carnose, articulated ay roliferous, -
but usually destitute of proper leaves, ey. produc
divergent clusters of spines intermixed wit Ca eemeasn
pungent bristles or pubescence.

} MELocacrus. ie ca ta:

Species. 1. C. mamillaris.
bearded; flowers scarcely ie By, ase €1
ie a with the tubercles. —On. the hi

n iia Slane 2. oh Saag Cespitose; eiomerul
“bose; tubercles cylindric-ovate, bearded, Eenien) bove
ut with a —— grees flowers central
: serted; € . ts of the calix ; fr

Be.” — ACosANDRIA MoxoorntA. ag
— ant becomes hccsincty: spiny, “and. almost pice =|
ie ‘numerous shoots issue from the root, - |
ose aie which have withstood the intensity of a
= frost, thus the plants becomes cespitose, forming
rs fepactioieg 27-2 f 2 or 3 feet in breadth. In spite of

____ its'armature antelope of the pene finds means to

+ Pender it pe Ror ‘to its wants by ouyene it up with
is hooves.
The flowers are generally central, more meee an inch in Ee
~ Jength; segments of ba calix linear, exterior ones revo- j
’ ‘ute ‘eoyole ; petals numerous, narrow, li-

near : te; ‘berry aboutthe tine of grape, smooth :

ble; eed. pee none, (in the seeds

germ) a tubercle similar to

Rooms Indian: Fin, or Prickly-Pear. ) Ar-
FAitalations compressed, ovate; spines double, exterior
~ ones strong and subulate, often deciduous, interior seta-
* ceous; fruit succulent, smooth. Has. Common in sandy
| is from. New Jersey to Florida—Cotyledones 2, rolled
a. ae ntally around the radicle, which is directed towards
the umbilicus. © -
& &. *ferox. Articulately proliferous;, articulations larger,
early circular and very spiny; spines double, larger
nes radiate pense flowers numerous; fruit dry and
die Ber Has. In avid situations-on the plains of the Mis-
. common. Ons. A much larger plant than C. opun-
a Sk. pees ie omer maate,

23 tr wee " situa ee:
eS pe omer pan Ete ceen ~h thick, stig-
Mas § to 10 greenish. recy distinct. Flowering
fe duly.’ Upon this species 1 {i the Coccus coocinelli-

% 5. * oe Articulately proliferows; artiewlations
hort and and oblong, somewhat neh es sain spiny and fra-—
lowers solitary, arall, at the point of the articula-
mat fe z {sping Has. From the Mandans to :

sively. grogiléal., nue. Pe ae = most si
_ vegetable ee but scarcely ; ad ere poe
‘ same genus. ge

°o 326. * BARTONLA. “Hie
Calix superior, 5-cleft,— BO ee : Corolle *
of 10 petals. Capsule cylindric-oblong, 1- cell.
ed, summit flat, valvular: valvuye 3to7. Re- |
ceptacular placenta 3 to 7, ‘arighel- Seeds nu-
merous, compressed, arranged hi sai D in
a double series, ~ *

Herbaceous; leaves alternate, pinnatifid, asperate; fie =
evs large, terminal and solitary, yespertine, (or expand-—
ing towards sun-set,) not deciduous or marcescent after

_closing, but pind legs = 2 Be usual pe eS several days 2
in succession, when ,
of the capsule variable in num dit
the placente, and the spir:
germ there exists the dae ee of a columnar rece!
The whole plant turns blackish in drying, on the slignt-
est wound it also exsudes a resinous sap which oe.
blackens in the air. Pubescence
and tenacious, as appears to be more or k che cae ia
s the whole order of the LoasEa&.
Seecres.. 1. B.ornata. Leaves ienccigtns interrupt.
edly pinnatifid; segments subacute; base of the capsule
foliose; valves 5 to-7; seeds nearly without 1
decapetala, Bot. Mag. Oss. The whole plant, except
= tals more or less scabrous with short barbed hairs.
ucculent and fuaiform:
branched, 2 to 4

¥

e ins .
r side; apperedss leaves ¢ ovate:

an jneh long.
uncommon magnitude a
of Cactus, solitary and terminal, :

ate-ovate, concave and sprea

= .
tis = eS 4 Se
~*~ # a

998 © ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

upon the calix; filaments scarcely attenuated,
dy anthers small, oblong, distinct, inserted upon
bulate summit of the filament, about a line in length,
~~ Seelled. Germ appearing inferior, being inseparably in-

~yested by the lower part of the calix. Style filiform, a ht-

tle Jonge ee stamina, tubular, arising from the cen-

‘serted @

Be

= ~* tre of the.valves, loncitadinally and spirally striate, nec-
. __ tariferous dt the base, strie 5 to7, corresponding in num-
| ay ber with the valves of the capsule; distinct stigma none.
"=. Capsule cylindric-oblong, 1-celled, terminated by the per-
ee siggest aie tha flat and orbicular, valvular, valves 5
0 7, opening from the centre; receptacte parietal, lacen-
tule 5 to 7, succulent, 2 rows of. iced tadach, 2 Seeds
numerous, flat, subovate, nearly immarginate; embryon
't, surrounded by a thin carnose

surrounded by La em; coty-
2, flat, white; radicle umbilical, in ‘exsert-
mule incenspicuons. Haz. On the s of the

~~ “Mfisso avi in broken argillaceous. soils. Flowering from
~ the latter end of August through September, and into
* October, but never in July.f

ee

ae — 5 ies E . :
reply to the insinuations of Mr. Purs yunder this article,
here remark, that he could not possibly have -had any
to assert, or even suppose me capable of dis uting
he late indefatigable and unfortunate M. ew ia ithe dis-
covery of this plant; this charge is merely a subterfuge. . Mr.
Pursh, before he had perused the notes which I had made from
. on the Missouri, with 4n intention of rendering
1 not then, by hisown acknowledgment, any thing
ublishing this genus, my friend A. B. Lam-

issonri were t

1, according

2. nuda. . Leaves eae snasfhncalis te pinnaet
fid, segments obtuse, capsule naked, valves 3, seeds m:
ginated; exterior stamina petaloid often “ae
Near the Great Bend of the Missouri,on grat
parently perennial, at least often exis

gem secite character ex:

nearer a proach towards Mentzelia by the external Pen.
taloid filaments. ~ =
The genus Bartonia one of the most-singular and splen-
did in Pscac hadeapa: appears to be distinctly concate-
nated with Loasa and. std sepa but approaches nearer to
the latter than the former, indeec tially se-
parates it from this genus, excep ‘the augmenition of pe-
tals and the structure of the capsule and seeds, but these
exceptions onthe other hand approximate it to Leasa,
- from which:iteis essentially distinguished by the absence
of lepanthia or internal heteromorphous petals, b
connected disposition of the stamina which are
merous, and also by the inferior position of the g rm fom
the perfect flatness of the converging valves of the calix.
—We have here for-our reflection an additional proof of
the wonderful harmony of Nature, and a recommenda-
tion to the philosophical study of natural affinities——Can
better employed than in occasionally contemplatin anos

demonstrating this-vast and infinite » in whic’
even : ourselves are subservient,—a mysterio’ ut
tenation, + ree gin ‘ot

" ealize's-cleft, aor, deciduous. - Petals 4
ferior, 1-celled, cylindric, 3 to 6 seed-
nit flat, 3-valved. Seeds obtong, Pate.

ig

2 sof herbaceous and asperate a clothed aa
arbe hairs; leaves alternate more or less ovate os:

rs dichotomal and terminal, solitary, ei
‘stamina petaloid or allfertile, from 20 to 3
1. M. * aurea Stem dichotomous; ofr
ovate, deeply and angularly crenate; flowers __
seas al, acuminate, entire; cap- .
Sese cote Haz. On the shelvings of rocks,
a, near the lead mines of St fouls,
: Missouri,.below the confluence
a extremely aspe-
nee Yr we hn barbed. Root
ao ae Ko ata stems about 12 inches high, di-
“f and. dichot branched. s 10 to 15
Divcoccnes

‘ost OYSiey

Flowers solitary, of x deep er. sallow,
earcely a third part so large as those Uf M. hispida but
elegant in form, steliately expanding, about 8 lines
in diameter, very evanescent, opening to the sun only
about 4hours. Calix persistent, segments narrow and
linear. Stamina all equal and fertile, none of them peta-
_ loid, 20to 22, nearly as long as the covolia; filaments sub-
ulate; anthers terminal distinct, small and’ nearly round.
le filiform, the jergth of the stamina, conyolute, marke
with 3. Jongitudinal striz as in Burionia, also corres-
ding with the number of-raives and seeds in the cap-
sule, stigma none, Capsule cylindric, sessile, very smali.
as the whole leng oor ig — subangular, nearly
: t capsule, or longitudinally arrang- _
pre! ct agate M. haspida a cording to the descrip-
tion ai are very asperate.) eS a
a yew ibe conecierably Hig to er decidind
trom figures and description. j

528. DECUMARI A. £. a

Calix superior 8 to 10 cleft. Petals ® to ie
; eepene 7 to 9-celled, many-seeded. Seeds a

= ini th fe
terres ae Shak gr gn

" Speeres. 1. D. barbara. kent: Agen pec
ee .

Pet a“ =

Pa
ICOSANDRIA, MONOGYNIA,

Petals 4 or 5, Stigma 4-clett
celled, many-seeded,

Shrubs with opposite i
, Site’ or terminal, partly spi ad Or oe mbose, white, each
of them bracteolate.. ( Fruit fhe La inVest- —
ed by the calix; separable into 4 or 5parts, each part bav-
ing a dorsal cleft and inflected |
inwards towards the base.) =
Species. 1. P. inodorus, 2. Lewisii. Pu. 3. ner
Sarus. 4.°* hirsutus. Style and stigma undivided; leaves
_ oblong-ovate acute, sharply and angularly denticulate, up-
per side. hirsute, the under whiteish and hirsutely villous;
b ts about 3-flowered; peduncle bibracteate near the
2 4 summit. Has. On the rocky banks of French Broad river,
Tennessee, near the Warm Springs, abundant. Oxs. A
smaller shrub than any of the preceding with slender yir-
gate Lie gears Petals almost ated Re. sents amare
or broad oval, obtuse, most oblig t ar-
ginate, pure eet opetand of the ealix subsemiovate, a-
cute, and villous; style shorter than the spmisien sens simple, —
sigma clavate, undivided, 4-zrooved. _
A North American genus, with the exception of P. cos
ronarius.
$80. CHRYSOBALANUS. Z. (Cocoa Plum.)
Calix 5-clelt, inferior. Petals 5 Siyle late-
ral, Dyrupe prunjform; nut. s-grooved, ‘S-valv-
ed, 1-seeded.

Arborescent or Zushedtibone, leaves entire, atinulates *
flowers paniculately ecernase, axillary andterminal; drupe

margins which arevunited Ps

“yf inp
sa

ra

‘The '
abit js terminal, is ge very far Peed eae
4 the dows of the panicle are almost uniform: —
or Secon berry, sole Sy

* _ a

$02 ICOSANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

$31, PRUNUS. ZL. (Plum and Cherry.)
ie Cali inferior, 5-cleft, deciduous. Petals 5.
- Style terminal. Drupe even, nut with a some-
what prominent suture,

Trees with alternate stipuladl leaves, generally serrated
on the margin and in some species glandular towards the
base, in a few the leaves are sempervirent; flowers earlier
than the leaves in the plums, later than the leaves in the

aggregated, corymbose, or racemose.
. , SreciEs. 1. P. virginiana. 2. serotina. 3. canadensis.
| 4. coroliniana. (Evergreen Carolina Cherry-tree.) 5. sem-
— perflarens. 6. borealis. 7. pensylvanica. 8.nigra. 9. hie- 4
mais. YO. pygmea. V1. pubescens. 12. pumila. 3. depress
aa. Pa. BP. Susquehanna? Willd. enum. 519. ,On the sum- 7”
SoS ‘its of the highest hills in upper Louisiana to the Rocky

Mo » Where it sometimes produces fruit at the
height of 3 or4 inches from the ground; on the shores of
Lake Huron the same species attains the height of 2 or 3

» feet. 14. Chicasa. Im the United States, hitherto disco-
_ vered only in the vicinity of ancient Indian stations; it ap-
* pears to have been cultivated by the aborigines, but its
original site is unknown. 15. maritima. ‘The fruit gather

a. and scarcely eatable. 16. cerasifera. 17. spinosa, —
The Stoe. These 2 last are unquestionably introduced
_- - @Ad scarcely naturalized.

Principally a North American genus; there are. at the

- same time 7 species in Japan, 1 in China, 7_in Burope, 2

in the West India islands, 1 indjgenous to the mountains

_ of Crete and Lebanon, the poi s but ornamental Lau-
- Tel from the Levant. P. C , the common cherry,
and P. domestica, the plum, aRhough variously claimed in
Europe, have been probably introduced from Persia or —

the East. x

$32. TIGAREA. fublet.
- Calix inferior, 5-cleft. Petals 5. Capsule

seeded, oblong, acuminate, pubescent, opening —
- internally and longitudinally.
A tropical genus as far as described by Aublet and al- —
‘most exclusively American, comprehending shrubs which —
are — to be sarmentose, having entire pean —_ :
usually scabrous and stipulate, producing flowers in axtle
lary ms rere a habit soit emia, from the plant described
by Mr. Pursh, as to render the identity of extreme-—
ly doubtful; in this plant, whieh to be alow, erect,
“and much branched gemmiferous shrub, with small crowd-
ed pubescent leaves, obtuse and trifid at the summit, the

. Wi

2 x ae

ICOSANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. $03.

flowers are»solitary and terminal, reihebbnge those of
some species of Cretezus but yellow? ‘
Seecies. 1. T. tridentata. Collected in the reese ‘
of the Norihern Andes or Rocky preg oy the late
Governor Lewis, aes

“859, LYTHROUM. Z, (Loosestrife.)
Calix 6 to 12-toothed, tubular. Petals 6,
equal, inserted upon the calix. Capsule supe-
rior,” 2 to 4-celled, many-seeded, (Stamina 2,
6, 8, 10, and in some species 12.) 7
Herbaceous; leaves alternate, opposite and verticsllater
flowers yerticillately spiked and terminal, er verticillate

and axillary subsolitary, purple.

a Srilives 1. L. Saticaria, .2. verticillatum. Ons. Sub-
aquatic, pulve ly pubescent; stem hexangular re- =
curved, and chet aking root atthe extremities, | pene :
times" “suffruticose, : :
nately verticillate, attenuated at both ends." Call 6 .

ee aggregated. Petals 5 or 6, - Stamina 8, 10, ae 12, *. 4

very ape and ornamental species; branches ene
first erect, at length recurved, and then sending out nu-
merous axillary branchlets; flowers often double the length
of the leaves, deep and bright purple; leaves ant sae =
larger than those of ‘'hyme, which they son
ble, and L. Serpyllifolia would certainly have t
better name than the obscure one of
which in this species is scarcety if at all, more Metals
than in L Hyssopifolia—Stigma conspicuously capitate;
capsule subcylindric, 2-celled, flowers minutely bibrac-
i after the manner of the genus. 5. Hineare. Smooth
te; leaves mostly opposite, narrow, linear and —_~
pace 5 betall axillary, solitary, nearly equal with the —

Neeren hexandrous. Ons. The leaves sppene somewhat -
succulent and opaque, length 6 or 7 lines, bres
1 line; flowers small and nearly white, bil oe
6, {Hyssopifelia, Leaves alternate and opposite longer
than the flowers, linear lanceolate, subelliptic; flowers so-_
jitary axillary, hexandrous. Os. Stem nearly simple or —
“ey branched from the ee .

: eo aes

ICOSANDRIA. DIGYNIA.

what margined, flowers pale purple. Has. In the state ;
of New York... 3

Prmcipally an American genus extending — within the
tropics; there are also 5 species in Europe, among which
LL. Hyssopifolia and Salicaria are also common to America. 7

“$34. —— Brown, * — =

Calix ventrieose, tubular, 6 to 12-toothed,
unequal. -Peials 6, generally unequal, i inserted”
upon the calix. - Capsule with the calix _burst-

ing longitudinally, 1- celled, Seeds fews lenti-
cular, imbricated.

Herbaceous rarely = 2 leaves opposite; flowers |

terminal, partly solitary, or racemose; peta 2 species

“nearly equal; 2 others are remarkably viscose. :
Species. 1. C. viscosissima. Stamina 12. Has. From es }

Pennsyly ania to Louisiana and onthe banks of the Missis- ©

sippi. (Abundant around Lancaster, and now beginning to

occur in the vicinity of Philadelphia in a few localities.)

— An American genus, entirely tropical, except the vieca
: sissima which extends also to Brasil.

i
= —— : op

- Orver I.—DIGYNIA.
$35. FOTHERGILLA. L.

Calix inferior, truncate, obsoletely crenate.
Corolla none. Filaments very long and clavate.
- Germ bifid. Capsule 2-lobed, 2-celled, cells 2-
valved, i-seeded. Seed indurated. tt

A shrub resembling a species of Alnus; flowers ina oe
terminal thyrse or short dense spike, vernal and appear- —
ing before the leaves. Fruit similar to Hamamelis. =

- Species. T. alnifolia, The only species of the genus"

336. AGRIMONIA. L L. (Agrimony.)

s ix inferior, 5- toothed, caliculate, external-
<3 setigerous about the middle; sete uncinate.
Petals Sy inserted upon the calix. oe By i in- :
closed in the base of the calix.
_.. Herbaceous; leave alternate, pseudo: innate, _—
_ unequal; flowers in terming “spikes oie iribracteaie.

Spectres. 1. A. Eupatoria.s2.parvifora. 3. striata.
A small genus, ee indigenous.te Europe.
2. oe fer

A ak a

. ToOANDRIA. DIGYNTA.

7. CRATEGUS, ‘L. (Hawthorn.)

~ Cative 5-cleft. Petals 5. Styles 1 to 5. Frnit
Peet berry, or small apple
Reto 5 bony seeds, or nuts, . ——-
é Small spiny trees or ‘sthibs; leaves alternate eiee.
undivided or lobed; peduncles many-flowered, mostly ter.
_ Minak and. corymbose, rarely solitary lateral or terminal;
ers white sometimes rosaceous; fruit scarlet or yeliow.

Speeses. 1.C. apiifolia. Flowers and berries small,

» the latter scarlet." Preferable to every other species in
North America for hedges, remaining green very late in |
the antu being also perfectly hardy and spreading
low s®as to pr oduce a close fence, similiar to that afford.
ed C. Oxyaca n the north of Europe, a species which
in the United + brives badly and grows up erect so as
to be untit for close hedges as imits native soil. 2. spa-
thulata. 3. coccinea. This fee species frequently becomes
asmall tree and produces abundance of fruit. 4. populifo-
lia. 5. pyrifolia..6. elliptica. 7. glandulosa. 8 flava. Fruit
large, not very abundant, but of ait exquisite favor, =
lar to that of the finest upple. 9. parvifolia.
ta. 11%. Crus galli. ~< Se

Principally a North American genus, at the same time

+ there ave 3 species in Japan, 6 in Europe, 1 in the!

2 in India, and 2in the northern parts of. Africa,

also 2 species said to be indigenous to Peru.

588. SORBUS. L. (Mountain Ash.)

Calia 5-cleft. — Petals5. Styles 2 or 8,

_ Berry favinaceous, _ inferi S.

| Seeds cartilaginous. %

2 _ Trees with alternate leaves, y
d, deeply

=

toothed or

1 S. americana, | Apples. ily
about half the size of those of Pyrue «
pibaning ee ae eT ee

— 3
coed vars. 4 +%

Orper Il].—TRIGYNIA. “es
SESUVIUM. L. | * ae
— Calix 5-paried, coloured. Petals none. Cap-
~~ sule_superisr, ovate, 3-celled, opening trans=—

- versely allround, many-seeded. Seeds minute. —

Succulent herbaceous plants with opposite semiam-

plexicaule entire leaves, and axillary, solitary flowers. x .
= Species. 1.8. sessile. Leaves aoe flowers _

sessile, rosaceous. Has. On the sea-coast, from New : 4
Jersey to Florida. , Leaves eg nearly linear; seg»
ments of-the a e gpg : ;
SOeven 1v. _PENTAGYNTA. a

$40. ARONIA. Persoon. Mesrruvus. L. ug

Calix 5-toothed. Petals 5. | Berry inferior 5
to 10-celled; cells 1 or 2-seeded.. Seeds cartila-
. ginous.

Shrubs without spines, having alternate undivided
leaves, and flowers which are corymbose or racemose,
~ generally white; fruit a small black purple or scarlet po-
moid berry, containing sceds similar to those of apples. #
Species. 1. A. ardutifoka, Berries scarlet in co-
tymbs, astringent and scarcely eatable at any period; but
without any acidity, and sweetish. 2. melanocarpa.
_. Fruit also astringent and black or- ‘so, but prefera-
ble to the preceeding. 3. Botryapium. Berries purple,
_ * -pruiniose, very saccharine and agreeably flavoured. 4.
ovals. 5. sanguinea. Pu. - 6. .* Alnifolia. Smooth:
- feaves roundish, the upper part toothed, pinnately
_heryed, under side somewhat glaucous; raceme simple,~
elongated; fruit black and sweet. Hap. In ravines and
e elevated margins of small streams from Fort Man-
dan to the Northern Andes. Oss, A shrub 4 or 5 feet
leaves roundish and retuse, somewhat attenuated
toothed towards the summit; fruit dark
e - and saccha-

vias sized trees wie altevhase undivided aes,
Pe astly corymbose and terminal, rarely soli
and lateral, white or red in the’apples; fruit turbinate, ot

¥ quesnent in the Pear; fruit in the Apple globose umbili-
_ ate at each extremity, subacid, and at length more fari-—
naceous.
Species 1. P. coronaria. Ripe fruit yellowish and
- subdiaphanous, always mildly acid. 2. angustifolia.
A s nearly divided betwixt Siberia and Bu
: there is also one species in Persia, and 4 very splendid
~~ =>_ and hardy species ) China with crimson flow ers.

$42, SPIRABA. ZL.

Calix spreading 5-cleft, inferior. Petals Sy
equal, roundish. “Stamina humerous cxserted.
Capsules 3 to 12, internally. bivalve, each 1 to
3-seeded. % ~ :

Shrubby or herbaceous; leaves alternate, FT or pin-
nately divided, stipules adnate to the petiole, sometimes
minute or none; flowers mostly corymbose or panjculate. -

Spectes. 1.8. salicifolia. 2. tomentosa. 3. ricifolia.

4. chamedrifolia, 5. betulifolia. 6. opulifelia. ": capita-

ta. Pu. 8. discolor. Pu. 9. sarbifolia. 10. Aryncue.

a Ti ae.
a A genus almost equally ¢ “ded Betiiee Siberia and

North A

343, GILLENIA. Moench. Sprema. Le —
Physic.)
Calix subcampanulate, border :
rolla epee unequal. P ig
claws.

‘s re G. trifolia lata.
nin A confined €

afi umbilicate at the summit, saccharine and partly deli-

4
. r-¥

508 ICOSANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. ; 2,

: = *

= Oxper V.—POLYGYNIA. . F
344. ROSA. L. (Rose.)~ . = :

Calix urceolate, carnose, contracted at the

. orifice, border 5-cleft. Petals 5) Seeds many, A

hispid, attached to the inside of the calix. :
Shrubs for the most part aculeate, prickles scattered;

_ - Teayes alternate, pseudopinnate, in one species simple; ee
lower part of the petiole alated by the decurrent stipules;
flowers solitary or subcorymbose and terminal, mostly. j
large, in the gardens often double: ‘ =

Si SSP LESTER. -1. - 2. parvifiera._3.-nitida. 4.

- dueide._ 5. gemella. 6. Lyonii. 7. setigera. 8. earolina.

9. rubifelia. A very fine flowering species, but nearly
se ss; abundant round Detroit, and through all the /
~ ‘western states to Louisiana. 10. levigata. 11. rudigino-
sa. R. suaveolens. Pu. Merely naturalized; certainly
not native.
A genus of near 50 species chiefly indigenous to Eu-
_ -Fope, there are also a few species in Japan and India.
345. RUBUS. L. (Bramble.) :
Catix 5-cleft inferior. Petals 5. Berry com-
pound; acini 1-seeded.
~ Shrubby suffraticose or herbaceous plants; stems most. ee
y aculeate, often ampual, more or less recurved or sar-_ 4
™mentosely procumbent, the herbaceous species destitute + z
of armature; leaves simple, ternate, digitate, or pinnately

=

divided; flowers terminal, racemosely paniculate or soli-
pew b rarely subcorymbose; fruit edible, red or black,
etimes yellowish.

Species. 1.R. ileus. Indigenous throughout Upper
Canada and on the borders of the lakes of the St. Law-

_ Fence. 2. occidentalis. 3. villosus. Leaves in 5s. digi-

____ tate, elliptic acuminate, sharply serrate, partly villous on

¥

‘ ICOSANDRIA, POLYGYNIA, - 809

» minate; petals oblong-ovate, white. Has: On the island

of Michilimackinak, lake Huron. 14. sacxatilis. 15. obovalis.

16. arcticus. 17. ‘pistillatus, 18. pedatus. 19. Chamemorus. -

A widely dispersed genus of about 50 species, extend-

ing from the arctic circle, throughout Europe to the West

indies, and passing the equator, species are also found

in Peru, Chili, Japan, China, the islands of the Pacific,
and on the continent of | India.

546. DALIBARDA. ZL,

Calix inferior 5-cleft, spreading. Petals 5.
_ Styles 5 to 8, long and deciduous. Seeds dry.

Small herbaceous plants with creeping perennial roots;
scapes 1 or few flowered, flowers white or yellow; leaves
entire or wemrag divided.

Srrcses. 1. D. repens. 2. Fragaricides. Flowers
yellow. This species is also found in Siberia—Of
this genus there is. but another species indigenous to the
Straits of Magellan: scene Pa

347, DRYAS. LZ. (Mountain Avens.) .
Calix inferior, simple, 8-cleft. Petals 8. =

- Seeds many, caudate, plumose. Receptacle de-
pressed. Se

Low and suffruticose alpine plants, partly cespitoses =

Z leaves alternate undivided, margin entire or rq
~ der side white and tomentose; stipules adnate to ae pe- e
tiole; peduncles solitary, 1- fowenege flowers i RR
Spectres. 1. D. octopetala. 2. integrifolia. ( Pee eee
Ph.) On the White Hills of New Hampshire. _ = eri

A genus of 2 species, common to the ¢ norther napa
Europe and America.

348, GEUM. L. (Avens.) ae =
Calix 10-cleft, inferior, segments aitersiately :
smaller. Petals 5. Seeds awned, awn naked _

or bearded, mostly geniculate. . a =
Herba Jants mostly producing | silty iid :
Siete onek: with the terminal segment usually larger,
“stipules adnate to the petiole; ste gpsne hae 2
illary few-flowered. =
Srectes. 1. G, strictum. 2. agri

*.

$10 ICOSANDRIA. POLYGYNIA.

forum. Pu. Ons. Stem mostly 3-flowered, Se es

- about 2 pair of small leaves, which are connate at the base,

haying diyaricate and. adnate stipules; peduncies

elongated, bracteolatescalix subcampan ulate, smatier seg-

meats longest, petals white, subovate; awns of the seed

_ straight, conspicuously villous, twice as long as the calix.

_ Hag. Around Fort Mandan on the Missouri. A remark-

able species, allied to.G. Anemonoides, but having pilose
leaves and a villous stem and calix.

A North American gonees of which there are also 6 spe-

+ cies in Europe, 1 in Japan, 1 in Barbary, 2 at the Straits of

“Magellan, and 2 equally indigenous to Kamtschatka) and
North America. —

349 9. POTENTILLA. E. (Cinquefoil.)

Calix 10-cleft, inferior, spreading, 5 of the
nents alternately smaller. Pctals 5, Seeds

_ mostly rug gose, roundish, naked, attached toa
‘small juiceless receptacle.

A numerous genus of herbaceous plants (only 2 species
shrubby,) with pinnate, digitate or ternately divided
aves: | petioles alated towards the base by the adnate sti-
pules; flowers often corymbosely fasciculated and termi-
nal, yellow, rarely white.

_ Species. 1. P. tridentata. 2. emarginata. Pu. 3. ni-
wea. 4. villosa. Pallas. 5. hirsuta, 6. norwegica.

~

7, reetu? Leaves all in sevens, digitate, villous beneath;
; cuneate-oblong, semipinnatifid, obtuse; stipules”

suborat; stem erect, many-flowered, panicle aeons:
: ro * Has. n
opr ua . ains of the Missouri near
For Mandan. ag Bt in Mayor June. 8. pumila. 9.
\ eanadensis. 10. simplex. 11. opaca. 12. dissecta, 13. ar-
gentea. From Canada to the state of New-York.
14, * humifusa. Leaves digitate, quinate, leaflets cune-
-oblong, obtuse, incjscly dentate, beneath white and to-
4 flo see oe cia ae procumbent, pot
_creepil AB. On high gravelly bills near Fort Man-
dan, Mou “Flowering” weet Ail or May. Ons.
be : hot creeping; leaves al all Hedicnl) deep
it above, white a tomentose beneath;

‘to the northern — of Europe, America, and

ca

of near 60 species, SS oe indige-

Pepe eer eo ene

ICOSANDRIA, POLYGYNEA. sit

Asia (Siberia.) Are-there no Smee tit the southern he
misphere?

350. COMARUM. L. ‘tara Cinquefoil.)
Culixw inferior, 10-cleft, 5 of the segments al-
ternately smaller. | “Petals 5, smaller than the

calix. Seeds even, attached to an ovate spongy
persistent receptacle, not becoming a berry.

A marsh plant; with pseudopinnated leaves, stipules

‘growing to the petioles, and sheathing the stem; pedun-
cles few-flowered axillary and terminal. Flowers brown-
ish, leaves glaucous beneath, z

Species. 1.C. palustre. Yn nearly all the western
states and territories as far as Louisiana —A genus of but
a single species, Commonto the whole nothern hemis-

$51. FRAGARIA. Es (Strawberry Se ee

Caliz inferior, 10-cleft, 5 of the oan oy
ternately smaller. Petals 5. Receptacle of the —
seed ovate and deciduous becoming a berry.
Seeds even.

Creeping herbaceous plants, often sending out filiform
radicant stems in all directions which diminish neg

tity of flowers and fruit; leaves ter ee rarely = ae

tate, by cultivation sometimes simple¥'s stipules. pita tte 3

the petiole; flowers often terminally corymbose, some-
times dioicous; receptacle esculent. *
Spercizs.

|

wet

1. F. vesea: 0. in the wiste: of Oke ee -

Lake 2: and. 3. canadensis. Bric
Erie. virgini a. i

A small but very widely dispersed genus, of
ah 3 species in Europe, 1 in Surinam, lin chi aad 1 at
uenos Ayres, in South aria ‘llow flowered spe-_

: cies has | r bee recently | introduced from India.
352. CALYCANTHUS. ‘L. (Carolina All. -spice J
Calis urceolate, the lower part entire, epee

part multifid, squarrose, leaflets colored, pe
Joid. Corolla none. Styles many. Seeds ste

, makes, smooth and cartilaginous, included = ; :

+ ey Odoriferous and. spicy shrubs with poreirs
entire leaves destitute <a =

-ventricose and succulent: calix. i

*

$12 ICOSANDRIA. POLYGYNIA.

face scabrous with minute aculei, the under smooth,
glaucous or villous; younger branches more or less quad-
rangulaz, flowers terminal, solitary, petaloid segments
disposed nearly in 2 series, brownish, the interior ones of-
ten staminiferous, and the innermost filaments- sometimes

- Without anthers. ’

Species. 1.C. foridus, Ons. Leaves variable, broad
oval, or oval-oblong, acute; villous on the under side; the
wood and particularly the root strongly camphorated, so
as to be calculated probably to produce that drug as abun-
dantly'as Laurus camphora. Flowers at first dark brown,

<a paler, in drying parting entirely with this color
nd becoming olive green, agreeably scented, almost like
ripe apples, similar to all the other North American spe-
cies. Anthers and filaments minutely pubescent, the for-

- mer glanduliferous at the summit, interior filaments with-

> Out anthers, - Seeds brown, Neatly as large as horsebeans,
~ Maked, smooth and shining, about 16 in each utriculus, of

a foundish oblong form, marked with a longitudinal suture

and a central hilum; shell hard and cartilaginous; peris-
‘= perm none, or a small central portion gelatinizing when
' Moistened; radicle descendant; cotyledones convolute,

white and large, of an oleaginous bitter taste. Capsule
» turbinate, as large as a small pear, marked with the vesti-
es of the calycine laciniz, at length becoming perfectly

ty with the seeds loose, but never opening.

Z. Collins Esq. informs me that by cutting off the termi-

- nal leaf-buds, after the usual season, a sticcession of flow-

_* €?s may be obtained throughout the summer, every leaf-

~ bud so extfacted being constantly succeeded by 2 flow-
“ers... For oP vee Z. Collins has beens witness to the

success of this experiment, showing in this genus the ve-
ty intimate union which subsists betwixt the leaves and

‘Singularly confluent flowers. From the rarity of fruit
in the Calycanthi, even in their native mountains, we may
almost assert, that this genus, notwithstanding the consi-
milarity of its flowers, is in fact polygamous.

2. glauens, On the declivities of bushy hills and the
Margins of small streams near Lincolnton, (N. Carol.)
&e, B. * obiongifoliue, leaves oblong-lanceolate, acu-

.. @inate, under ae smooth and glaucous. Has. In the

; ing Choma North Carolina, a permanent variety, hav-

ing elongated leaves. 3. levigatus. Leaves scabrous a-
. bove, green and smooth beheatiy

_ A North American

1 genus with the exception of C. pre-

#

END OF VOL. L